The Missionary Review of the World — February 1930

OF YENCITlNG UNIVERSITY, PEPING, CHINA, LOOKING TOWARD THE WESTERN IIILU:: AND SP~DIER PAI,ACE

Spring-'s Smartest Fabrics THIS SEASON, as always, McCutcheon's collection of Spring and Summer Fabrics features the finest and smartest Silks, Woolens, Linens and Cottons from foreign and domestic looms. We are always glad to furnish samples of our exclusive novelties and other lovely materials to those who do not find it convenient to visit our store in person.

An insert in our January Catalogue Jescribes anJ gives prices 0/ many McCutclteon Fabrics. Write /or your copy.

~ McCutcheon's FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTy·NINTH ST. Req. us Alt. Off. DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK COMING EVENTS MY MISSIONARY CREED February 18-19-INTERNATIONAL COUN- I Believe- CIL OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, EXECU- TIVE COMMITTEE, Chicago, Ill. In God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. February 25-27-NATIONAL STUDY CON- FERENCE ON THE CHURCHES AND That in Ohrist alone is there sal- WORLD PEACE, Evanston, Ill. vation for mankind.

March 7-WORLD DAY OF PRAYER.

June 6-14-ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NA- That I must tell of Christ the Sav- TIONAL CONFERENCE OF SOCIAL WORK iour to all men everywhere if I AND ASSOCIATE GROUPS. am to be an honest steward of the Gospel. June 17-24-WORLD'S COMMITTEE, YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, That I must send messengers to Geneva, Switzerland. carry this news of my Saviour to all nations. June 23-29-INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, Toronto, Can. That I must pray for these mes- sengers and for the power of the July 1-9-THE F 1FT H INTERNATIONAL Holy Spirit upon them. CONGREGATIONAL COUNCIL at Bour- nemouth, England. Chairman, Dr. That I must give full support with J. D. Jones. General topic for dis- my means to these messengers, cussion is "The Living Church." The that their time may be given Council consists of 400 members, wholly to the extending of distributed as follows: United Christ's Kingdom. States, 150; British Isles, 150; Can- ada and Newfoundland, 20: Aus- That I can become an unselfish tralasia, 32; South Africa, 10; Christian only by thus sharing other countries, 38.

September 14-17-EvANGELICAL BROTH- ERHOOD, EVANGELICAL SYNOD OF N. A., NATIONAL CONVENTION, Cleve- land, Ohio.

October 14-19-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- my Saviour with all mankind. TION, DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wash- -The Christian Observer. ington, D. C.

Please mention THm M[SSIONARY RmVIEW OF THill WORLD in writing to advertisers. OBITUARY MR. CHARLES WARREN FOWLE has been appointed Assistant Secretary of DR. FRANK H. SPENCE, physician a;nd the American Bible Society. He was clergyman of the Yukon, Alaska, dIed born in Turkey, of missionary parents. October 3, in San Diego, California, as *** the result of an a*uto..mo•bile accident. MR. STOWE SMITH, ninety-five-year- DR. ANTONIUS MANASSEH, Syrian old Baptist leader of Australia, has been Quaker and medical missionary of the elected President of the Australian Friends' Service Council, died at Brurn- Baptist Union.

mana, October 3;. .. .. ** THE REV. THOMAS LEWIS, F.R.G.S., A. G. FLETCHER, M.D., Superintendent Welsh Baptist missionary in Africa for of the Leper Asylum and the Presbyte- rian Hospital at Taiku, Korea, has been 33 years, died in London, December 5. awarded the Blue Ribbon Decoration by the Emperor of Japan in recognition of He had retired in 1915. . . .. his eminent service to the Koreans. * * .. THE REV. DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, MRS. WALTER DRAPER, of Kawimb.e, accompanied by Mrs. Zwemer, arrived in America by the Steamship "Olympic" on Rhodesia a devoted worker for lepers m January 9th. Dr. Zwemer has accepted Central Africa, died in England, No- a call from the Theological Seminary at Princeton, New Jersey, to the Chair of vember 24. * • .. History of Religion and Christian Mis- sions and will begin his duties there at MR. WILLIAM HENRY CONST, for more once. Dr. and Mrs. Zwemer expect to make their home permanently at Princethan 50 years financial secretary C!f the ton. S. P. G., died November 15, at Brlxton, '" >I< '" England. ** THE HON. NELSON TRUSLER JOHNSON, MRS. MOSES SMITH, * of t~e Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs, has been appointed to President fill the difficult post of American Min- Congregational Woman's Board of M,s- ister to China in succession to the Hon. sions for 3~ years, died in Chicago, Oc- John Van Antwerp MacMurray, who had resigned. He has had exceptional traintober 10, at the age of ninety-four. ing for this high and difficult post, hav- ing already served many years in China. PERSONALS He first entered the foreign service as a student interpreter in China where he DR. JOHN R. EDWARDS, Sec~etary ,of acquired a knowledge of the Chinese the Methodist Board of ForeIgn M,s- language. He served in consular posts sions, has gone to the F:ar Ell;st to study at Mukden, Harbin, Hankow, Shanghai, .. missionary programs In Chma, Japan Chungking, and Changsha. In 1918, he was called to Washington to .take the and Korea. China desk in the Far Eastern section of the Department of State. He was one ** of the expert assistants of the American group at the Washington Conference on THE REV. DR. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, the Limitation of Armaments. Secretary of the Amerjc.an B0!1r~ of Commissioners for Foreign MISSIOns, It is believed in Washington that no has retired after a quarter century of man is better fitted than Nelson Johnson distinguished se~vici' .- for the post he is to fill. He returns to China having friends among every class MR. WILLIAM M. SMITH, of Pough- and clique. He is said to hold the affeckeepsie, N. Y., and Miss Lucy Slade, of tion and respect of the missionary and New York City, have.be.en chosen by the the business man, the diplomat and the Board of National MISSIOns of the Pr~s­ soldier. Almost of more importance, it byterian Church, to fill the vacancIes is believed, he has a deep understanding caused by the deaths of ~r. James N. of China itself and is respected by the Jarvie and Mrs. D. E. Wald. Chinese. He is able to converse in their own language. THE REV. DR. *JOH*N *A. MARQUIS, the When a reporter asked him what he eminent General Secretary of the Pres- regarded as the outstanding question tobyterian Board of National ~issio~s, day between the United States and has resigned on account of serIous Ill- China, he replied: "A strengthening of ness. Much prayer is being offered in the traditional ties of friendship, a deephis behalf. ening of the mutual understanding with which we have always held each other. DR. FRED FIELD GOODSELL, of Con- China is a great nation–at present torn stantinople, has been appointed Ex~cu­ by unfortunate strife, but peace will some day come." tive Vice-President of the AmerH?an Board of Commissioners for ForeIgn .. Missions. * >I< VISCOUNT been reapp<!inted SAITO h~s Governor-General of Korea. HIS .mte~­ est in missionaries and Koreans l,n h,s former administration endeared hIm to all residents of that country. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD DELAV,N II, PIERSON, Editor '-. , ARTHUR J. BROWN. Editor jor 1!i30 LET YOUR GIFT CONTENTS-FEBRUARY, 1930 to Foreign Missions I,'RONTISPIECE ………………..• PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME CAMPUS OF YENCHING UNIYERSITY You can make a generouS gift to foreign mis- sions and have a needed income for yourself TIlE CHINA OF 1929 ••..••••.•..•..• and others from the money you give by the ..•••……… COITRTE"AY H. FEN" 80 Annuity Gift Plan OPPORTUNITIES AND PERILS IN CHINA •..•…. IIE;'{RY '1'. HODGI{I~ 92 This plan relieves you of uncertainty and worry caused by changing values of invested FOR~1A:' OPENING OF YENCHING funds and assures yoU a fixed income of UNIVERSITY .J. LEIGHTON STUART 98 4t% to 9% per year INCREASING INTEREST IN BOOKS ON RELIGION •.•.. ARTHUR J. BROWN 103 for the rest of your life LANDS WHERE WOMEN AND GOD A reserve fund of over $1.500,000 guarantees ARE VEILED .. CHARLES R. WATSON 107 the prompt payment of annuities to you.

SOME "VERY RESPECTABLE MISSION· Protect yourself against loss through ARY SOCIETIES" •.•••• OTIS CARY 111 unwise investments and at the same time help send the gospel to all the world. MARCELINO VASQUEZ, A QUICHE INDIAN ••••••••••.• PAUL BUR(;ESS 116 For full £n/onnation 'write Erne.t F. Hal!l Secretaryl Dept. ofAnnuitie. A1HERICAN PROBLEMS DISCUSSED BY EXECUTIVE COMMIT'!'EE OF BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THE FEDERAL COUNCIL ….••.. of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • CHARLES STELZLE 121 156 Fifth Avenue, New York CONFERENCE OF THEOLOGICAL SEM· INARIES ……..•…. A. L. WARN· The Africa SHUlS AND SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT 12& Inland Mission TOPICS OF THE TIMES …•……… 126 Headquarters CHINA FAMINE RELIEF. 373 CARLTON AVENUE BROOKLYN, NEW YORK CHAOS IN CHINA. ARE ltIISSIO:SARIES RESPO~SIBLE FOR ANTI-FOREIGN FSJDLING"I ME'l'HODS FOR WORKERS ………. . ••. . EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOH>lSON 131 WOlIAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ••• EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 139 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUL· LETIN ……………………. .

•• • • •EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER 142 WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK •••••••••••• 145 BOOKS WORTH READING •••.•••••• 158 TERMS.-~2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of (3 (3 five.) Foreign pOfJtage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Publisbed montbly. COllYl'igbted. Medical 1930, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM· PANY, INC. All rights reserved. During last fiscal year the number of treatments given patients at hospitals and THE MISSIONARY REVIEW l'UBLISHING dispensaries in the Belgian Congo alone COMPANY, INO. was over one hundred and sixty thousand.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President The Gospel VILLrAAl 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President Number of evangelists and teachers DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary preaching and teaching the Gospel in our WALTER McDOUGALL, Trcaswrer Congo work was over five hundred.

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LIII, No.2 February

THE CHINA OF 1929 BY THE REV. COURTENAY H. FENN, D.D.

Prcs1Jyterian Missionary in Peking~ Chi-uft.< jor Thirtv-six l'cars D URING much of the year the giving of bribes. The present American newspapers have writer has found it possible to featured China on the front maintain a fair estimate of the sitpage under rather livid headlines, uation in China by waiting a few and with much detail of intrigue days for newspaper confirmation and bloodshed which has made it of startling items of news and then easy to grow discouraged in one's discounting them by a half. It is hope of peace and progress in that well also to reserve the interpreta- land of the unexpected. The con- tions of the residuum of assured fidence with which many of these fact for the future, as the parts reports have been set forth has played by various individuals in the been frequently belied by their events and movements are varimutually contradictory character, ously represented by writers with and by naive reportorial confes- widely differing points of view. sions of a great dearth of reliable information in China. Each party Of none of those prominent in China's recent history is this so in the frequent strife has censored emphatically true as of "The Chrisall news and manufactured much tian General," Marshal Feng Yii for propaganda purposes, and Hsiang, (e like u in fun). He has much of what has been published won the admiration and devotion has been pure guess work as to of his officers and soldiers and of events and personally colored fore- many intimate friends; but he has casts of their bearing on China's also aroused the suspicion and fear future. Not a little of the inter- of official sUPflriors and the absopretation has been unfriendly in lute unbelief and unhesitating conits spirit and far more pessimistic demnation of most foreign observin its tone than the actual outcome ers. Among missionaries there is has warranted. One prominent great divergence of opinion, a large correspondent especially, whose de- majority of British missionaries portation was requested by the considering bim a bypocrite and a Chinese Government, has pictured renegade, while a considerable mathat government repeatedly as at jority of American missionarieR its last gasp, and represented the continue to share the confidence exdilatory payment of soldiers as the pressed recently by a prominent 85

Chinese educator that "Marshal his Christian faith or ceased to live Feng is a good man, a patriot and a Christian life; that though de- a Christian." Chinese Christians ceived for a time by Russian hypo- in the North retain large confidence critical professions of friendship, in him, while most of those in the he has never been a Bolshevist, or South do not. a Communist, or "anti-foreign" ex- The actual events in the career cept toward those who were dis- of Marshal Feng it will not be easy tinctly anti-Chinese. Though his even for the future historian to as- name has appeared in almost every cel'tain, or to determine their ab- newspaper paragraph relating to solute or relative significance, so actual or possible uprisings against widely have witnesses disagreed as the present Nanking Government, to fact and meaning. That from a much of the time only a few friends very small beginning he developed have known where he actually was, an army of tens of thousands of and reporters have simply conjec- soldiers, who respected him, feared tured that the redoubtable Marshal him, loved him, and composed a must have some responsibility for unique military force, a model for any revolt which showed promise China and for the world, was for of success. Impartial history, if it several years a patent fact. Not is ever written, will probably re- only in time of peace more per- veal that such revolts as he has fectly prepared for war than any really sponsored have not' origi- other army in China, but even in nated either in his love of fighting time of war more perfectly pre- or in a desire for personal gain or pared for peace than any other aggrandizement, but rather iIi a army in the world, his soldiers strong conviction that the powers were kept from both alcohol and that be are running the New China tobacco and trained in every fea- off the track leading to true liberty, ture of civil as well as military life. justice and stability. Of course the In their camps was provided and correctness of his judgment and applied every facility for physical the quality of his statesmanship development and industrial effi- are open questions; but to my ciency. Everywhere the soldier mind there is little question as to turned he was faced with terse the sincerity of his patriotic pur- moral and social maxims painted pose. It appears probable that the on interior and exterior walls, and objects of his recent armed pro- a vigorous evangelistic campaign test against the non-observance of was maintained by urgently in- government agreements may be ac- vited Chinese Christians and mis- complished without further blood- sionaries. Much of this has been shed through a program of reforms continued, as far as 'possible, amid at Nanking, following the suppres- the innumerable shifts of the past sion of recent local mutinies.

few years, though the evangelistic The reports of movements of propaganda has been relaxed in Russians and Chinese on the Man- deference to the constitutional dec- churian border, at the two ends of laration of religious liberty. the Chinese Eastern Railway, have Marshal Feng also has upheld by so often been contradicted that his own consistent example the sim- even the newsmongers have felt ple life enjoined upon his troops. constrained to confess that the He declares that he has not lost combination of a double propagan-

THE CHINA OF 1929

da and a double censorship is too passed when the Chinese bandit much for them, and that they do was more respectful of the rights not know the facts. It is no doubt of foreigners to life and property true that China forcibly seized the than of those of his own countryrailway which was to be jointly men. In proportion to their numcontrolled, but it is equally certain bers, missionaries are probably less that Russia had long violated her subject to attacks and robberies treaty with China by engaging in than are other foreigners, perhaps secret Bolshevist propaganda along because they are justly suspected the line of that railway. Reports of carrying less of this world's of fierce battles and massacres may goods and of being able to pay be somewhat discounted; but the much smaller ransoms. Yet that situation had become increasingly there is another element in the matserious and might easily have in- ter is evidenced by the fact that Chinese evangelists share in the volved other nations. comparative immunity, sometimes It may well be doubted whether being left untouched when others are held up, simply because they the conference decision to disband are Christian ministers. a large part of the existing armies has been a large factor in starting America's refusal to join other the revolt of the Peoples' Army nations in an ultimatum to China (Kuominchiin), except in so far as for the immediate settlement of the partiality may have been shown at Nanking incident of March, 1927, leading to milder measures on the Nanking in the apportionment of part of all, undoubtedly has tended funds to payoff the retiring sol- greatly to the improvement of diers and to maintain those kept China's relations with all the under arms. Marshal Feng and world; yet the gentler treatment Governor Yen are thoroughly in has perhaps made it more difficult favor of the reduction of all forces. for the missions to recover proper- This disbandment of armies is, ty in many parts of the country however, one of the most serious occupied by soldiers but now problems of the new government, needed for missionary work. Even as it is intimately related with the pressure from the Central Governwide-spread bandit problem. The ment has not availed to restore discharge of hundreds of thousands many buildings to their rightful of soldiers, with neither back pay owners. On the other hand, the nor a means of livelihood, is merely decision of certain institutions not adding hundreds of thousands of to demand any indemnity for debandits to the vast number already stroyed property is said to be about made by these years of civil war, to result in outright gifts from the who have been terrorizing vast sec- government in excess of what tions of the country and preying might have been asked as indemniupon the already poverty-stricken ties. The Chinese Minister of Forpeople, rendering travel and even eign Affairs has carved on an residence unsafe for Chinese and enduring tablet not only an expreRforeigner alike. To retain them as sian of his personal affection and Roldiers is further to impoverish reverent admiration for the murthe people in order to support them dered John E. Williams at Nanin mischievous idleness and to in- king, but also his conviction that crease the prospect of further civil wars. Apparently the days have

that martyr death has been an ef- the new conditions. Indeed most fective means of arresting the dan- of them would prefer an occasional gerous frenzy of China's rapidly overruling by an earnest Chinese developing national consciousness majority to a constant lack of in- and directing it into constructive itiative, and will welcome the day instead of destructive channels. when the Chinese church will ac- Most of the evacuated mission cept all responsibility as well as all stations have been reoccupied, authority for the evangelization of though usually with a diminished China. Some missions have gone force. In Hunan and Hupeh, much farther than others in dethrough the surging and resurging creasing their staff in order that of military forces, not a few of the the Chinese church may increase. mIsSIOnaries have encountered The latest steps taken by the North great perils and hardships, and China Mission of the American there has been considerable occupa- Board have been published in THE tion and destruction of mission MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD property at the hands of defeated and elsewhere. The several missoldiers, sometimes necessitating a sions whose churches have united second or third withdrawal from in the "Church of Christ in China" the field. Yet in spite of these have gone at the matter in a somethings and of some falling away of what different way, but all are en- Chinese converts, much encourage- gaged in as rapid devolution as ment in the work is reported, and seems, both to Chinese and missionthe call is urgent for the return of aries, to be advisable. old missionaries and the appoint- The group of missionaries hardment of new ones. In this can have est hit by the overturnings and joined, with tremendous earnest- confusion of the past few years, ness, the leaders of the Chinese and therefore those who have found Christian Church, some of whom it most difficult to adjust themseemed disposed, two or three years selves to the new situation, strange ago, to question the need for more to say, is not composed of the senmissionaries. Now, faced with the ior missionaries who have been in stupendous task of evangelizing China twenty to forty years, but of that great nation, and themselves those who have reached China since forced, by missionary withdrawals, 1920. The older missionaries have to shoulder unaccustomed responsi- already watched China through so bilities for which they have found many crises that, though the latest their preparation inadequate, they crisis differed greatly from any cry with a loud voice, "Come over which had gone before, it was a and help us." It is not strange that, logical out-growth of earlier ones both in the case of old and new mis- and to a large extent the product sionaries, they express a preference of influences set in motion by the for those quite free from the "su- missionaries themselves. Thereperiority complex," who will be fore it could not overwhelm them happy to work in association with with its unexpectedness, or discour- Chinese colleagues, on the basis of age them with its revelations of perfect equality, for a church built weaknesses and incompatibilities. up in partnership as an autono- The younger missionaries, many of mous Chinese church. There are few whom were apparently much more missionaries unwilling to accept in sympathy with the Youth Move-

ment, which underlay the violent tive organization of spiritually explosions of these recent years, virile Christians to make Christ re- yet have actually been more largely demptively known to all the nation stampeded by the earthquake than and accepted as Saviour and Lord their seniors, and more disinclined in the shortest possible time; yet to return to China lest they be not they offer diametrically oppositepol- wanted. It is true that, as young icies for the accomplishment of this people, they have to plan for a aim. One party believes that a much longer future than these sen- great mistake has been made in the iors; and that the Chinese have past foreign financing of the Chi- not yet made it altogether clear nese church to work on a scale that there will be a life-time and quite out of keeping with past or life-worth service open to foreign present economic conditions, and educators. Yet it is also true that that the only hope is the immediate the Chinese people and the Chinese or gradual withdrawal of all for- church have not taken such a grip eign funds to the end that the Chi- on the hearts of these young people, nese church may attain spiritual as a class, as they have taken virility and efficiency through the through the years upon the hearts more sacrificial life involved in self- of their seniors, so that the sever- support. The other party argues ing of ties is much easier for them. that there is little or no connection The evidence is growing that there between self-support and spiritual is going to be an imperative need virility; that the contributions of for many years to come of all who all Christians to world evangeliza- are so fully moved by the mission- tion are given to Christ and not to ary spirit as to be willing to work a mission; and that therefore in beside the Chinese leaders and un- each country they should be placed der the direction of the Chinese altogether at the disposal of the church. The distinct reply of those Christian church of that country.

leaders to the inquiry, "In what Elaborate arguments support both departments of the work are mis- positions, but the conspicuous suc- sionaries still needed 7" is, "In cess, in certain missions, of the pol- every department." The way will icy of almost complete self-support not always be easy; it will proba- from the beginning in producing bly be more difficult for the edu- evangelistic virility appears to in- cator than for either evangelist or dlCate that long continued subsidiz- physician. It will require divine ation of churches for other peoples patience and love. But many who is not wise.

have already started in it testify On the other hand, the economic that it has its rewards by the way. level of China's Christians is con- Few missionaries would willingly siderably lower than it was a few return to the relations of five years years ago, on account of the havoc ago. wrought by military hordes, band- There is wide divergence of opin- its, droughts and locusts, and there ion as to the relation of self-sup- is little hope of rapid progress to- port to self-government. Propo- ward self-support. A new phase of nents of the two most sharply the problem is now presenting it- contrasted ideas declare their aims self in the organization of a Gen- to be precisely the same, namely, eral Council of The Church of the building up of an intensely ac- Christ in China, with full time, sal-

aried secretaries, and a request colleges have sought and secured from the church that the Foreign registration and also many of the Missions Boards provide for the middle schools; while others have larger part of the overhead while chosen to reduce their grade, or continuh:!l their large measure of even to close, in preference to ac- support of local churches. It is ar- cepting restriction of liberty to gued that th:s will hasten the se- continue the schools as positive curing of self-&upport through the evangelizing agencies. Few schools more rapid expansion of the have been compelled by the govern- church. But it looks somewhat like ment to close because of failure to the statement of the business man register, and it is hoped that, when who said that he cv11ld afford to the central government attains sell goods for less than cost because greater stability and larger control he sold so many! In view of the over such national matters, the economic depression, it will doubt- strong Christian element in that less be necessary for some years to government will be able to secure come for America to contribute for private schools a larger admin- more than in the past toward the istrative liberty, not a preferential total budget of the growing Chi- treatment of Christian schools, but nese church; but when political larger liberty for all in matters of conditions become stabilized and a such private nature, so long as the measure of prosperity returns, that general educational curriculum church should become increasingly conforms to national standards.

able and gladly willing to meet the Some missions have adopted the expense of its General Council and policy of confining their education- hasten the day of full autonomy al work more largely to the children through self-support. of Christian families and to the The problem of Christian educa- preparation of students especially tion in China does not find its solu- for Christian work, and have found tion as quickly as many had hoped. the spiritual atmosphere of the The Nanking Government showed, schools much improved by the with- in its early months, an inclination drawal of most of the non-Chris- to make all possible concessions to tian students and by the greater Christian schools as to require- singleness of purpose of those who ments for registration, and per- remain, relinquishing, as they do, mitted fairly explicit statements of the advantages of government rec- their Christian aim in application ognition. On the other hand, many papers, seeking only an impartial of the registered schools report application of its interpretation of that, While the attendance upon religious liberty in forbidding re- Christian worship and stUdies has quired religious worship or studies fallen off from twenty to eighty per in private schools. Unfortunately, cent since they became elective, yet too large a liberty of divergence their quality and influence, and the from these national regulations has interest of students in them, have been allowed to provincial boards greatly improved. Equally wise of education, some of which have and successful missionaries are ruled against any expression of a found on both sides of this que5- Christian aim, or have even forbid- tion.

den primary schools to teach reli- An outstanding event of the past gion in any way. Most of the year in Christian education was the

1930J THE CHINA OF 1929

dedication of the new plant of the darity, and encourage the hope of a Yenching University at Peking, for united front in the forward march.

which distinguished visitors went This National Council, the from Great Britain and America. Church of Christ in China, and The preponderantly Chinese archi- other Christian organizations are tecture and landscape gardening launching a nation-wide evangel- have made a very pleasing impres- istic movement with the opening of sion; and an able faculty, now the year 1930. The urge for this more Chinese than foreign, is com- movement has come from the rev- manding general respect. Another elations of the last few years as to Union University, at Tsinanfu, the smallness and weakness of the Shantung, has definitely devoted it- Christian Church; its inspiration self to a larger ministry to China's has come in large measure from rural population, more than eighty- the spirit and message of the Jeru- five per cent of the whole nation. salem Council, and vast encourage- Nanking University has begun a ment has been afforded by the dis- new period of prosperity following covery that the influence exerted the great destruction wrought in by Christianity in China is many 1927. The ,most largely attended times what might have been ex- Theological Seminary, attracting pected from the numbers of the students from many provinces, is Christians. The aim of the move- the North China Theological Sem- ment is so to intensify the evan- inary at Tenghsien, Shantung, gelistic activity of all churches and which is largely under the control Christian organizations as to ac- of the Chinese Church; but the complish at least the doubling of Nanking Theological Seminary has the membership of the churches been reopened and the Union Sem- within the next five years. During inaries in Canton and Tsinan are recent years there has been some in vigorous operation. danger of the missions' devoting The National Christian Council, an undue proportion of funds and with a majority of Chinese mem- force to the development ofedu- bers, has been thoroughly reorgan- cational and other institutions,' and ized to secure a more genuinely the new emphasis on the heart of representative character; not, the missionary enterprise, the mak- however, to represent the missions, ing of God known through Jesus but to represent the various Christ by direct evangelization is branches of the Chinese Christian most timely. Great enthusiasm is Church. The collection of valuable being displayed in the launching of information for all the churches, the movement. Methods and ma- keeping in touch with other nation- terials are being developed as rap- al Christian organizations, visita- idly as possible, and the goal set tion of great centers, organization should be more than attained if a of spiritual retreats, and other ac- fair degree of peace and security tivities, greatly aid the growth of are established and maintained in the churches, evidence their soli- that disturbed land.

Eternal Father, heal' our common prayer for all who are beshadowed by sorrow, tormented by temptation, or baffled by perplexity. 0 Thou Solver of human problems, Thou Comforter of all who mourn, may our helplessness be Thy opportunity and our deep need Thy open door.—JOSEPH FORT NEWTON.

OPPORTUNITIES AND PERILS IN

BY DR. HENRY T. HODGKIN Formerly Secretary 6J the National Oh1'istia'lt Council of China I T MAY fairly be said that in Christians who have remained human affairs the largest pos- faithful, to have talked with men sibilities of good are usually who have passed through the fire associated with dangers of a spe- and came out tried like gold, to cial land. The present moment in have seen buildings destroyed and the Christian movement in China ransacked and befouled and yet to is no exception and in this article find they were still being used for I propose to look at the opportuni- worship, is to realize how much ties and perils in their relation to steadfastness there has been often one another. None can say what in unexpected places and quite un- the next ten years may bring forth, recorded. These things have been but in the light of the present sit- noted by the general public in uation within the Church and in China. It would be quite mislead- the nation we may be able to indi- ing to say that persecution is at an cate some possibilities and the con- end. It would be wrong to deny ditions likely to favor or to prevent that some unseen structures have their realization. This much at fallen when the storm burst. But least can be attempted by way of the large degree of steadfastness stimulating further thought and shown often by humble and illiter- focusing attention upon significant ate people is a testimony to the factors in the situation. fact that amid the storms there is I a rock which can stand. Many things in China are changing and The inauguration of the "Five have changed. Some are comment- Years' Movement" by the National ing on the fact that the Church has Christian Council at its annual shown a certain stability and quiet meeting last May is a notable evi- confidence and are interested in dence of the conviction, shared by discovering how they can be.

Christian leaders all over the coun- Herein then lies the first oppor- try, that now is the time for ad- tunity which the National Chris- vance. The wave of anti-Christian tian Council has discerned and to passion has largely spent itself. which confirmatory evidence is While there have been disappoint- given from all parts of China. It ing places, some falling away from is possible today to work in larger the Church and even the defection numbers than for years past. The of some trusted leaders, there has next few years should be a time of been not a little evidence of the rapid expansion. Can the Christian reality and depth of Christian con- forces sieze the moment and use it viction in times of great trial. To to the full for the extension of have visited, as I have, places Christ's Kingdom in China?

where communism has s w e p t Not less significant than the de- through a whole countryside with cision to start the movement is the bitter attacks upon all religion and kind of emphasis which is being upon Christianity in particular, given to it at the start. The Coun- and to meet with the group of cil calls for no general campaign 92 of large weeding and wide public- cessity of continued spare work and ity. It believes that there should after-care instead of leaving all tu oe a place for such before the five one great concerted effort-if these years are over. But it suggests things can in any means be accomthat in the meantime, work be plished much will be done to avert along the quieter lines of personal the peril which accompanies this evangelism, small retreats, empha- undoubted opportunity. sis on stewardship, religious education and so forth. Why? Is it II not because there are perils very closely connected with the oppor- As all stewarts of Chinese affairs tunity? We may consider two such. know, the present period in the de- velopment of republican ideas is In the first place a rapid public known as that of "tutelage." It is advance of the Christian forces hoped that civil wars will soon be just now is very likely to become a a thing of the past. But it is evisignal for a recrudescence of anti- dent that the country is not yet Christian propaganda. Now us ripe for the exercise of all the remissionary-hearted men would halt sponsibilities of democratic governhis efforts for fear of opposition. ment. The large number of illit- But it may well be that a larger erates is one problem but an even result can be obtained by quieter greater one is the lack of "political methods at this juncture. The crit- sense" among very many who are ical condition of public affairs in at least partially educated. Crit- China may indicate a measure of icism has always been strongly decaution in action that may be need- veloped in China and many a lessly provocative. Doubtless this corrupt official owed his downfall consideration has been in mind, es- to the old censorship which was pecially in view of some of the ex- maintained in Peking. This faculty citing causes of the previous out- is very useful in a country under burst. an autocracy and indeed scarcely less so where democratic institu- A far more serious peril, how- tions flourish. But it would not be ever, is that which concerns the unfair to China to say that it has life of the church itself? Is it ready been developed out of all proporto receive a large influx? A letter tion to the constructive faculty and it is this latter which above all recently to hand from a missionary others is needed today. of many years standing confirms This includes the power to do what I have had reason to feel. He good team work, the willingness to says that large numbers could very subordinate personnel to public easily be enrolled in the list of en- ends, vision to see and statesmanquirers but that they could not be ship to carry through large tasks of cared for and many should be lost public welfare; a readiness to acagain after the first enthusiasms. cept a work under unideal condi- 'the church itself must learn some tions which cannot be quickly things before it can be trusted to changed, along with a determinadeal with a large influx. If two tion to get them changed as soon as years can be used to the full, re- possible; ability to use many peoacting in fresh tides of spiritual ple of all kinds even in spite of life, a firmer hold on central reali- their obvious limitations, a great ties, a deeper passion for souls, a greater sense of the absolute ne-

patience-and of course many oth- the political development of their er ingredients. It is a very inter- country. But they are held back esting fact that China is using so from throwing their whole life into large a number of graduates from this service for a variety of reasons the Christian schools and colleges of which I can only give what I in positions of great responsibility conceive to be the leading ones.

today. Why is this? Certainly not Some undoubtedly fear the tremen- because of any prediliction for dous temptations of public life, the Christianity and mission education. subtle tendency to compromise on It is because such qualities as the vital issues, the power of graft, the above are found in a large degree types of social life into which they in such persons. The mission col- would be drawn and so forth. More leges have been on the whole, very powerful may be in certain cases, successful in training men and the fear that their lives will soon women in this way. become futile either because the Now here is a great opportunity difficulties of getting anything done which has opened to Christians in wm prove insurmountable or be- China. The demand for men and cause the uncompromising man will women of fine calibre in the public find himself in isolation and beset service is alInost unlimited. Pa- by enemies, as not a few have done triotic citizens long to serve the already. To some it certainly country in the day of her need. seems that the larger ends they de- All the leadership of the church sire for their country can be ap- could be absorbed tomorrow into proached better by exciting influ- political life without any danger of ence from without than by getting iis becoming overstocked with able tangled up within the machine of and high-minded persons. What politics.

could be better for China than that I think I am not mistaken, how- she should be increasingly led by ever, in emphasizing another cause Christians of the finest type? for this reluctance. The church it- What could be better for the stand- self is just struggling for life and ing of the church in the nation than has to deal with many very serious that she should supply the best kind problems. While there are some of leadership in this critical peri- Chinese Christians of large vision od? The door is open and the one and strong personality who may be difficulty seems to be that there is able to guide the church in these not a large supply of persons quali- days, they are manifestly far fewer fied to enter. than the occasion demands and of- Yet it can easily be seen that ten lack any wide experience. If herein lies a grave danger which we think of the churches in China some of China's ablest and most far- reaching out to meet a new situa- seeing Christians have already tion and seeking a solution to prob- sensed. I know those who have lems that have perplexed and baf- been repeatedly urged to go into fled the best minds in the world, public life who have so far resisted such as the reunion of Christen- every kind of pressure. It is not dom, the reconciliation of old tra- because they have any theoretical dition and new truth, the new mor- view that Christians should not go al problems in the home and deep into politics. Those I think of are relations, the effective Christianiz- deeply interested as Christians, in ation of rural life, the adjustment

OPPORTUNITIES AND PERILS IN CHINA

of Christian thought and life to the shattering force is being brought ancient philosophy and culture of to bear on ancient superstitions China, we may partly realize th~ and on the wisdom of the sages in urgent need for the very best which so far as it is hinted to such. On can be given by Chinese leader and the other hand nationalism is urgmissionary in patient and sympa- ing men back towards a reexamthetic cooperation. To see the spir- ination and naturalism of the past itual need in many places and to wherein China's own sons have realize what big advances would be thought into the problems of the possible to a church with a firmer universe. The new cannot be rehold upon spiritual realities is to sisted. It demonstrates its value in have this same impression greatly a thousand ways. Beside the culstrengthened. ture of scientific nations how dere- lict that of China appears. An Here lies a peril very real and article like Dr. Hu Shih's in often present to the mind of Whither Mankind sets forth with thoughtful Chinese Christians. stabbing clearness this mood. Yet How can this relatively small and over against it is another. Perhaps weak body be led forward into these novel ideas carry men too far fresh experiences of God and into away from solid anchorage. Can a place where solutions may be China afford to sail forth on this found to her many insistent prob- uncharted sea? Is there nothing in lems? If the finer spirits who are her own part to which she must being urged to sieze the amazing cling desperately and which she opportunities for public service may hold to as assured in spite of should one_after another, respond all the efforts of the "scientific spirto these calls, what will happen to it"? The excesses of the commuthe church itself? It can hardly nist regime have made some who meet its needs with its present were keen on "reform" look up and leadership. Let that be depleted, wonder. Somewhere in the mind of for however worthy a cause, and China is a big half formed question we must face a backward move- -a doubt as to the soundness of ment towards greater dependence the policy of discarding the ancient. in foreign help, or failure at the Old China is reasserting h~rself, center just when the need for a but uncertainly with little Nnvicstrong well-planned advance is so tion that she holds the key in her urgent. Seldom has a great oppor- own hands. tunity been associated with a graver peril. Looking beneath the surface it is possible to see here a supreme III opportunity for a church which knows its own mind and has a con- It is only possible to dwell on structive message to give. If her one other aspect of my general spokesmen can show insight and theme, which I shan call the op- sympathy, if they can get the feel portunity to reach the mind of of this complex world of idea and China. That may sound a rather hopes and at the same time give a vague and pretentious idea but I word of truth that goes right home am convinced that there is such an to the present perplexity of many opportunity today. A whole vol- thoughtful minded, they can do ume could be written on the mental something of u"nique value for this transformations taking place in China today. On the one hand a

and succeeding generations. The ing doubt as to whether higher more sure and certain word of education is a good "missionary prophecy is needed desperately in method," and this may be more the China of today-not as a mere vigorously expressed if the opporquoting of another set of authority tunity for expression of religious as over against the scientific expert idea in the colleges and schools is on the one hand and the Confucian greatly curtailed. It is by no means philosophy on the other, but as a certain that the church in China is confident appeal to the higher rea- alive to the need on the educational son in men challenging them to and intellectual side and she is still think for themselves in the assur- a very long way from being able to ance that such thinking by honest carryon these institutions. minds will lead them towards Him Turning to another aspect of the who is the Truth. The "resthetic case, we have a growing feeling gospel" from the French trained among the very best students in student, the "economic gospel" our colleges that the church is out from the Russian trained one, the of touch with the thought life of "scientific efficiency gospel" from today. They find pastors and peothe Anglo-Saxon-can none of them ple alike using terms that have no satisfy China, any more than they meaning for them, content with can satisfy the soul of any other ideas which even a small education people. These things are now in has shown to be untenable, showing the melting pot in China. A church no power to appreciate the mighty which bases its message on a his- struggle towards reality in which torical revelation confirmed by an they have become so deeply ininward experience of the grace of volved. This leads to drift away God should have something to say from organized religion, the forwhich will make all the difference mation of groups and fellowships to many who are finding it impos- which may become mere cliques, sible to draw solid comfort and the inbreeding and intellectual arassurance out of that melting pot. rogance of a section of the Chris- At this very time the educational tian fellowship which is easier to institutions established by the mis- understand than to avoid. The mosions are meeting a new and diffi- ment of opportunity is again the cult situation. The attempt to take moment of peril. A break away by all religion out of the schools has students and young people would not succeeded, but by putting wor- spell disaster for the church. Yet ship and Bible teaching on a volun- if they are to express freely what is tary basis a new situation has been in them and give fearlessly the created which has not yet been message which thoughtful Chinese fully met. Under Chinese leader- outside the church can appreciate ship and in the new circumstances and understand it seems in many created by the educational policy cases impossible for them to do it of the government, there is a pos- within the church as it now is. sibility that the pressure towards This dilemma is felt by some Chisecularization and the demand for nese leaders to be the most serious "efficiency" at the cost of character problem they have to face. That building on Christian lines may there is a drift away from the prove very difficult to resist. In church by the very people to whom some quarters there remains a last- the Christian movement has given

of its best and to whom it must statesmanship. But it needs more look increasingly if it is to reach than insight and planning. It needs the mind of China is a tragic fact the reckless devotion that makes which ought to be realized by every the adventure, seeing the perils in- missionary-hearted person and volved in the opportunities but made a matter of earnest prayer. none the less going forward to meet How can these young people, many the new day with courage" and hope.

with a deep desire to serve Christ What is the place of the mission- and with a real experience of HIS ary? Not less than before, say in grace, become an instrument for 1900, but in some ways different. meeting the opportunity which Sitting down with his Chinese opens up before the church, but to friends he must try to appreciate which many Christians are blind? all that is involved in this perilous A year ago I was traveling yet hopeful day. Together must through Shans: where the martyrs they think out the lives of advance at the time of the boxer uprising and the way by which the perils fell by the hundreds, looking on the may be avoided. They must one hand at the graces of many strengthen one another to meet the who then gave up their lives for temptations of a new age. A wider the love of Christ and on the other sympathy, a more generous outlook hand into the faces of a new gen- towards those who think and act erationraised up in less than thirty unconventionally, must be devel- years facing a world so utterly dif- oped in this association. Youth has ferent from that of 1900. The to be given its chance and will simple faith of martrys, sealed by make its mistakes, but the future their death, is needed no whit less is for youth to make or mar, and today than then, a devotion that those who are old and can do noth- will carry men through fires of ing to help unless they maintain " persecution or into the bold facing the spirit of youth themselves. It of their subtle spiritual perils of is a great day for China and noth- which I have been writing. That ing is more to be desired, as far as faith must be expressed in new the West is concerned. Now that ways. Thought forms, social ideals the youth from our Christian and habits, economic conditions are homes in Europe and America may changing along with the changing see the opportunities as well as the political order, in some places perils and go forth in larger num- slowly in others with amazing ra- bers to share the tremendous task pidity. To meet this situation aright of meeting them in the name and is the great task of Christian the power of the living Christ.

CHINA'S POPULATION PROBLEM China contains more than 4,000,000 square miles and a population estimated at 446,000,000. Here is a problem which defies solution by any available means. It is not China's problem alone, it is a world problem. China seems to be approaching a period at which her land cannot support her people.

-Report of the Red Cross Commission to China.

2

OPENING OF

UNIVERSITY, PEPING BY PRESIDENT J. LEIGHTON STUART, D.D., LL.D.

I N THE early months of 1919, for a Christian university broadly Yenching University was little conceived in the ancient city which more than a vision of unreal- always had been and perhaps al- ized potentialities. Two old mis- ways will be even more the educasion colleges, both chartered as tional than the political capital of such in 1879, had been united- China. the Methodist Peking University and the North China Union College The new start was made purely as a venture of faith, and whatever at Tungchow founded by the results have been achieved are American Presbyterian and the fresh evidence of the practical British and American Congrega- working of such faith. The first tional Missions of that area. The great encouragement was the afold plants had been converted into preparatory schools. The capital filiation of the North China Union College for Women in the spring appropriations of $50,000 each had of 1920, which has enriched the inall been expended on land in the stitution in every aspect of its life southeast corner of the City of and has with the years' brought Peking. The old buildings on this steadily increasing integration of land were converted into impro- aims as of assets. After more than vised classrooms, dormitories, etc. a year a site was secured, what had Each of the four cooperating mis- once been the summer garden of sion boards had agreed to supply a Manchu prince, five miles from two mISSIOnary teachers and the city wall out toward the famous $1,000 in cash per annum. There Western Hills, on the slopes of were less than one hundred stu- which cluster so many of the paldents, almost entirely drawn from aces and temples of China's great local mission schools and supported past. In that lovely and historic on mission scholarships. These environment have been erected were the material assets. But there buildings which are symbolic of was the unbroken tradition in the our educational purpose in their older colleges of forty years of de- blend of Eastern and Western culvoted Christian service against all ture. Built of steel and concrete, the hardships and handicaps of the exterior reproduces the fine pioneering struggle; there was the proportions of the slowly decaying fruitage of this effort in a widely- palaces and temples around us with scattered body of alumni, not a their graceful curves and gorgeous few of whom constituted the back- coloring; the interior is equipped bone of organized Christian work with all the installations that add in North China; there was the to the comfort and efficiency of heritage of idealism, faith, high modern construction in the West. hopes and happy harmony. These The very architecture thus ex- previous imponderables were the presses our desire to preserve the real assets-these and the thrilling elements of abiding value in sense of opportunity and of need China's cultural heritage, while re- 98

FORMAL OPENING OF YENCHINGUNIVERSI'l'Y, PEPING

inforcing these with all the scien- York and thus gives degrees which tific and other knowledge and the spiritual dynamic that we of west- meet the requirements of that ern lands seek to share with China in the rebuilding of that nation. State. It also has been registered The nearly two hundred acres of land, the academic buildings and under the recently established Naresidences, represent to date an expenditure of about two and a tional Government of China, and quarter million dollars, and there is an endowment of about the same thus follows the regulations and amount. has the recognition of the Ministry The Faculty is a further illus- of Education. The aim of its founders is that as it passes more completely into Chinese control it will steadily maintain the religious character and purpose for which it came into existence. .

DEDICATORY PROCESSION IN FRONT OF BASHFORD )IFJ:I!ORJAL B U n,DING tration of the blending of cultures. The new plant was first occupied Of its one hundred full-time mem- during the summer of 1926 and, bers, two thirds are Chinese, nearly had it not been for threatening all of whom have studied in Europe political disturbance, it would have or America, and the other one third been formally dedicated the folare Western teachers who try to lowing autumn. A second date understand, not only the Chinese was postponed for the same reason, language, but the distinctive char- and at last it was determined to acteristics of this ripe old civiliza- hold this ceremony during the tion. There are 750 students, from autumn of 1929. In many respects all the provinces and from over- this proved to be an advantage. seas, from all classes of society,- Political uncertainty had been over 550 men and nearly 200 largely removed and our estabwomen. The University has been lished status under the new Govincorporated under the Regents of ernment secured not only its official the University of the State of New endorsement but a much larger

measure of good will from the and guests during a service of rare public. The grounds and buildings beauty conducted partly in Chipresented a more finished appear- nese, partly in English, by Dean ance. The policies and outlook T. C. Chao of the School of Relihad been further clarified by ex- gion, who with Dr. Timothy T. perience, and the completion of the Lew had prepared and printed the first decade under the present ad- outline of service in both lanministration seemed to be in gen- guages. Especially impressive was eral a fitting time for announcing the r eading of the lists of buildour existence to the academic ings by groups and their dedicaworld and publicly dedicating our tion to God by the whole assembly possessions to the advancement of in responsive readings. The serthe Kingdom of God in China. mon was by Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, General Secretary of the National PROCESSION TO THE RELIGIOUS Christian Council, Presiding Of- CEREMONY aD' '['HE D E DICATION ficer of the Church of Christ in China, and probably the most nota- The formal opening was planned ble, certainly the most eloquent and to continue through four days, revered, leader of Chinese Chris- Saturday, September 28 to Tues- tianity. Many persons testified day, October 1, 1929. Saturday was with deep emotion to the sense of occupied with inspection of the reverence and reality felt during grounds under student guides, ath- this service and to the witness it letics, and an entertainment of gave to the Christian character of welcome in the evening conducted the University. by the students, in which they also gave gratifying expression to their That afternoon a conference appreciation of their Alma Mater. was held in English on the prob- lems of religious work in a univer- The Sunday gatherings were of sity under present conditions in surpassing significance. In the China and the solutions being atmorning the Dedicatory Service tempted at Yenching. This was intook place in the great Auditorium tended especially to acquaint visiof the Bashford Administration tors from America with this situa- Building, named after Bishop tion, but again the room where the James W. Bashford, to whose vi- conference was held was crowded. sion and determination the union In the evening the Bashford Audiof the two older colleges was torium was filled once more during chiefly due. The room was filled a sacred concert. with faculty members, students, Monday was Alumni Day with a large attendance and much en- thusiasm in the reunion lunch and meetings. That day and Tuesday morning scientific and other tech- nical papers were read in groups divided according to Natural and Social Science, Arts and Letters, Religion, the distinctive aim being to make a record of the attain- ments of modern Chinese scholar- ship in these various fields.

FORMAL OPENING OF YENCHING UNIVERSITY, PEPING

On Tuesday afternoon we had with unusual earnestness of his the Formal Opening proper in a approval of Christian education as ceremony of stately dignity and exemplified in this instance. A glowing interest. As on Sunday Harvard professor represented morning, a long procession formed universities from other countries, in the building flanking the main and our loyal friend, Dr. Chang court, across which it proceeded Poling, the Christian President of into the Auditorium. This in- a near-by private university, did cluded, in addition to the speakers, the same for those in China.

members of the Diplomatic Corps There were many causes for en- in formal dress, representatives couragement: in the number and from other government, private, standing of visitors who came and Christian colleges, members especially from America; in the of the Board of Trustees (U. S. A.) widespread interest and endorse- and of Managers (China), dis- ment among Chinese; in the treat- tinguished delegates, the Faculty, etc. The Chairman of the Board of Managers, Dr. W. W. Yen, thrice Prime Minister of China, distinguished as scholar and diplo- mat, a worthy son of one of the earliest and noblest Chinese clergy- men, presided. The President of the Board of Trustees presented the Chancellor of the University with its keys, to which he replied in a striking statement which made it perfectly clear that the first Chi- President Chancellor J. LEWHTON STUART WU LEI-CHUAN nese executive head is as d eter- mined to maintain its Christian quality and purpose as any mis- ment of the event in the Chinese sionary or supporter of missions press; in the friendliness of the in the West. Chancellor Wu, after whole community; in the evidence taking the highest honors possible of lack of anti-foreign or anti- under the old classical examination Christian feeling; and for all system, and serving for years in these reasons in the prospects for the Ministry of Education, had re- the future. The walls and stair- signed his position of Vice-Min- ways of Bashford Hall were cov- ister in order to become our Chan- ered with scrolls and other em- cellor and enable us to comply with blems in gorgeous oriental colors the regulations of the new govern- and with complimentary inscrip- ment that the head of every edu- tions.

cational institution must be a The narrative of this event has Chinese. Representatives of the been recorded in this detail because National, Provincial, and Munici- of the heartening effect it should pal Governments gave messages of have for those interested in the good will. The Governor of Christian cause in China. Much Shansi, who until a few weeks that appears destructive or dis- previous had been governor of our cOUl'aging has been happening in province, made a special trip from that country, and there have been his new post to attend, and spoke many misgivings as to the future.

Yenching University is known ing faith and persistent well-directed effort and the response of generous among all Chinese as having been donors have brought about this marvelfounded and now being conducted <,us achievement in material things in on a Christian basis. The place it an almost incredibly brief period. At the same time there has been gathered has won in Chinese life as indi- at Yenching a faculty that in ability, cated by this Formal Opening may training, experience, and, to a large de- gree, in devotion to the purposes for properly be held, therefore, to reg- which Yenching was founded, is even ister their approval of Christian more impressive than its material equip- education when conducted with due ment, remarkable as that is. We are thoroughly committed to the regard to national considerations. small college, and believe there is a type For those of us connected with the of work which the small college will do institution the supreme satisfac- best. On the other hand there is a cer- tain directing of educational thought tion was in the thought that Jesus which comes from the larger institution, Christ was thereby being exalted thoroughly equipped as to buildings and all educational facilities, fully staffed as and an institution of learning be- to its various departments, and so placed ing accepted where His truth that it can test out by experimentation would be studied and His princi- the solutions of problems calling for at- tention. ples practiced, in the hope that faith in Him. would be awakened In the midst of present baffling condi- tions in the educational field, Yenching in successive generations of stu- is frankly experimenting, trying to find the best solutions of perplexing probdents, and forms of Christian life lems, whose immediate solution can only and worship would be developed be approximated. Experimentation in- volves risk and risk begets anxiety, and in keeping with the Chinese racial the friends of Yenching, as it is now genius and the intelligence of our fully launched on its efforts to help age. Yenching is now committed China, share in this anxiety that it may be guided aright in its difficult undertakafresh in the most public declara- ing. tions to its Christian origin and It is easy to criticize, it is easy to purpose, not only by its Western doubt, it is easy to sit on the side lines and wonder; but the achievement at founders, but by their Chinese col- Yenching, in both material equipment leagues and successors. and faculty, carried through in an almost In conclusion, it is an especial incredibly short space of time, in the face joy to quote the following para- of baffling political conditions in China, and a degree of uncertainty regarding graph from The Chinese Recorder, China in western lands, is one that com- pels the admiration of all who realize the by Rev. Dr. F. D. Gamewell who vision, the faith, the almost superhuman started the little Methodist school effort that alone have made such achieveover forty years ago out of which ment possible. In Columbia University, with its afone of our constituent colleges was filiated Teachers' College, we have a type formed and whose participation in of the larger institution, whose influence on the educational thought, not only of our dedicatory exercises was one America, but of the world, and particu- of the happiest features of the oc- larly of China, it would not be easy to casion: estimate. We covet for Yenching Uni- versity a place in.the future educational In August, 1922, the cornerstone of program of China that will make its inthe first building, Ninde Divinity Hall, fluence felt likewise throughout the Chiwas laid on the new site of Yenching nese nation and in other lands, in rightly University, in the hills west of Peping. directing Christian educational thought.

September 27 to October 1, 1929, wit- The Church Pennant, with the cross nessed the formal opening of its new of Christ, is the only flag that flies above plant, an important part of the exercises the national flag. May Yenching Uni- consisting of the dedicatory services on versity keep its Christian purpose stead- Sunday, September 29, when approxi- ily above all its multiplied activities, and mately thirty university buildings and as President Stuart puts it, find the way over fifty faculty residences were dedi- of achieving "its unchanging purpose in cated to Almighty God for the service of the midst of constantly changing condimankind. Vision, courage, an unfalter- tions."

INTEREST IN BOOKS

RELIGION BY ARTHUR .J. BROWN RELIGION is a subject of in- our desk. Some indeed are of in- creasing public interest and ferior grade or advocate vagaries the Bible is still the most popular Book in the world, pessimists to the contrary notwithstanding. Else how can one explain the steady stream of books from the great publishing houses of Europe and America? These houses publish books to sell. They reject manuscripts, however meritorious, for which they believe there would not be a profitable market. It is significant, .therefore, that trade reports show that religious books rank next to fiction in the total number of volumes published in the United States. It is not surprising that fiction headed the list with 1,135 novels, but religion came next with 776, a number which exceeded sociology, economics, biography, drama, poetry and books for children.

Still more significant is the ~rhil~s:i!~eO~u~t~~s c~:cil~;ttedhi:~~r~b~~~rl~; steady increase in proportion as ~~~e~el~u~3~~'dB~P'~~yS~f~;'::rtlJ';gf~t i~~';,:~~~ compared with former years. In the year 1880, the number of re- ~~~ksofci~'~l:~l>d 'l;;;t~h:n§~ci~t: i~nd;v;~~~.~ ligious books published in America was 239, in 1900 it was 448, in 1920 it was 665, and in 1928 it was 776. The advance outstripped that of books on other subjects, in 1900 religious books having been sixth on the list while in 1928 they were second. "And yet," observes the editor of the Federal Council Bulletin, who cites these facts, "some people talk as if general concern for religion disappeared with our fathers !"

We are impressed not only by the number but by the character of the books on religion that come to 103

of belief. These are exceptions. H. T. Andrews, Vernon Bartlet, F. C. Most of the books make no sensa- Bryan, A. T. Cadoux, G. E. Darlaston, tional appeal but are serious dis- D. Miall Edwards, H. H. Farmer, John cussions of weighty themes, the Lewis, and Malcolm Spencer. They kind of books that demand the discuss such subjects as "Reality in thoughtful study of thoughtful men Religion," "Man's Need of a Deliverand women. Many have already er," "The Historic Jesus," "The Christ been reviewed in former numbers of Apostolic Experience," "Christ in of the REVIEW in the section headed Theology," "The Meaning and Task of "Books Worth Reading." Now Christology in Its Earlier and Later several more are before us, and Forms," "The Christ of Today in Modpartly to illustrate our point and ern Terms," "Christ in Present Expartly to, emphasize their value, we perience," "Christ's Right to Our refer to them in this article. We do Worship," and "The Church's Witness not mean that we agree with all the to Her Lord." Here are weighty subopinions that these books express, jects indeed, and they are discussed but we believe that they are too with a clearness, a philosophical inimportant to be ignored. He is a sight, and a reverence of spirit which narrow-minded Christian who does make the book one of large value. A not want to know what able and thoughtful reacj.ing of this volume will reverent followers of Christ have be a tonic to faith. written, whether or not he agrees with them at all points. The Christian God, by Richard Rob- erts, ($1.50) contains the Merrick The New Testament in the Light of Lectures at the Ohio Wesleyan Uni- Modern Research is by Adolph Deiss- versity, by the former pastor of the mann, Professor of Theology in the Congregational Church of the Pil- University of Berlin, Germany. There grims in Brooklyn, the American Presis general agreement that Dr. Deiss- byterian Church, Montreal, and now mann is one of the world's foremost the Sherbourne Church, Toronto. He biblical scholars. No other theologian has been closely associated with the has written more valuable books on Student Christian Movement in Engthe Bible and related subjects, and no land and America, and has written sev- German writer of our acquaintance eral books and many magazine articles writes in such lucid and beautiful which have attracted wide attention. English. This volume gives the Has- He says that these "lectures are in kell Lectures which Dr. Deissmann de- some sort intended for a confession of livered in Oberlin College during his faith; but obeying an apostolic inlast visit in America. It discusses the junction, I have tried to give a reason origin and language of the New Tes- for the faith that is in me." The chaptament, its place in world history, and ters discuss prayer and revelation, the its historical and religious values. No Christian event in the life of Jesus, intelligent Christian can afford to miss God in Christ, the cross in history, this small but very valuable book. Christ as the living God, the dishar- (Doubeleday, Doran & Co., $2.) mony caused by pain and sin, the na- ture of evil, forgiveness and, its Five of the other books referred outcome. The book is a thoughtful to are issued by the great publish- study of these great themes. There is ing house of The Macmillan Com- an occasional statement in which we pany, New York. do not concur, but the volume as a whole is an able discussion by an elo- of The Lord Life, ($2.50) has been quent preacher.

written by nine eminent scholars of The Bible from the Beginning the Free Churches of Great Britain- ($2.50) is by P. Morrison Simms, a Presbyterian minister who for a quar-

INCREASING INTEREST IN BOOKS ON RELIGION

ter of a century has made a special more perplexed than we were before. study of the origin and history of the We daily use electricity. But what is Bible, and has one of the finest private it? An inquisitive newspaper reporter collections of translations and editions. thought that Edison ought to know, One is impressed by the wealth of in- and asked him. But Edison replied formation which he has packed into that he did not know what electricity the 318 pages of this volume. Most is; that he simply knew that there is of the facts have been published be- a universal force operating which fore, but scattered through a large could be utilized for the benefit of hunumber of books, some of which are manity, and he was trying to do it. expensive or not accessible except in metropolitan and university libraries. The author of this interesting vol- A bibliography of eleven pages shows ume, although discussing prayer the wide reading of the author and through many pages, frankly admits gives one an idea of the immense that "in reality prayer is uncompreamount of literature available to the hensible and at the same time indis- Bible student. An index of eight pensable." However, it is well somepages makes the rich stores in this times for the Christian to study the book readily accessible for reference. subject of prayer intellectually as well It is the best work of our acquaintance as devotionally. on this particular subject. The book before us provides such Prayer, by Mario Puglisi, ($2.50) a study. It has been written by a invites us to enter the innermost profound thinker and a reverent Chrissanctuary of the Christian life where tian. He is an Italian professor and the soul holds communion with God. lecturer who is better known in Eu- But a little self-examination as to the rope than in America, but he deserves kinds of prayers that one has been of- to be better known here. He has writfering may lead to some startling re- ten many books and magazine articles sults. How many Christians use that have deeply affected the religious prayer only as a means of getting thought of his countrymen. In the something for themselves, usually of a book now under eonsideration, he dismaterial kind-money or deliverance cusses the philosophical interpretation from physical danger. Unquestionably of prayer, the phenomenology of one is justified in praying for these prayer, the meaning and value of things, for God cares for all the ex- prayer, and prayer in the religious life periences of our lives. But is that all of today. A bibliographical appendix that prayer ought to be? Surely of 37 pages gives an amazing list of prayer is something more than these publications about prayer in all lanthings. The author of this book would guages. The book is not easy reading. lead his readers into a fuller sense of It is a volume to be studied and medithe spiritual value of prayer, and the tated about and prayed over. The reality of its benefits to Christian life reader, like the reviewer, will doubtand experience. less find some statements that he can- not accept, but he will certainly be Probably most of us feel that we know invigorated and enriched by this what it is, but probably too few of us thoughtful volume. Bernard M. Allen have stopped to analyze it and define has rendered an important service to it. When we do undertake to do this, English readers by his excellent transwe quickly find ourselves in deep wa- lation from the Italian. ter. After all, some of the greatest verities do not easily lend themselves Altar Stairs, by Joseph Fort Newto definition. We know that we are ton. ($1.25.) We have read this little alive. But what is life? No philos- book of prayers with deep tenderness opher or. scientist has ever been able of feeling. It goes straight to one's to tell us. They give us only involved heart, and through it to the God and and turgid statements which leave us Father of us all. Such delicacy of sentiment, such loftiness of aspiration,

and such beauty of devotional spirit the latter, that "it is the best testiwe do not remember to have seen in mony I have come across, indubitable any other book of the kind. These first-hand evidence." Doubtless other prayers are those of a man who has reviewers have been less favorable, had audience with God. Every min- but naturally the publishers' prospecister and other Christian worker, and, tus does not quote their comments. for that matter, every follower of Christ should thoughtfully read this The author's objectives appear to book. One will find in it, as we have be, to prove first that the soul surfound, strengthening of faith and en- vives after the death of the body; richment of spiritual life. second, that the resurrection of Christ was the chief purpose for The Chain-Reference Bible, (Kirk- which He became incarnate, His death bride Bible Co., Indianapolis) by Dr. being primarily not a vicarious sac- Frank Charles Thompson, is clearly rifice but to convince men that His printed on good paper with a thumb body actually died so that there could index and leather binding. The unique be no question .about the reality of features are its system of references His resurrection; third, that the resfor consecutive study of topics, and urrection of believers occurs immethe numerical references to the con- diately after death and that there is densed encyclopedia in the appendix. no Scriptural warrant for the tradi- The helps' also include good analyses tional belief that their bodies rest in of books of the Bible, original dia- the grave until the "last day"; fourth, grams, many suggestive topical stud- that communication may be estabies and outlines, memory verses, a con- lished, as a matter of fact, is often cordance, and maps. The margins established now as in Bible times, beof the New Testament books also have tween those living upon earth and sub-headings to chapters in bold let- those who have passed into the other ters. It offers excellent help for young world; and fifth, that the churches preachers and Bible teachers. have denied themselves available power in failing to recognize this. Man's Survival After Death, by the Rev. C. L. Tweedale (Grant Richards, To prove the last two positions is Ltd., London, lOs. 6d.) is a book to evidently the main purpose of the give one pause, rather serious pause. book, and to their discussion the bulk We have the impression that it is of the volume is devoted. One begins hardly known in America, but it has the reading with quite natural skeptibeen widely read in Great Britain, is cism, and ends with the feeling that, in a third edition, and has been highly while not convinced, there is a trepraised by many British newspapers. mendous array of arguments and re- The Bristol Times calls it "epoch- ports of what are described as actual making, crammed with facts of a appearances from the spirit world, most thrilling and profoundly inter- supported not only by many witnesses esting nature." The Aberdeen Jour- but by photographs. It is probably nal characterizes it as "remarkably the most thorough and comprehensive fresh, exhaustive and interesting, a discussion of this particular subject sane and honest effort to handle the that has ever been put into a single case for immortality." The Edin- volume. burgh Scotsman says that it "gives an extremely interesting and careful The book challenges consideration representation of the subject." Such whether one agrees with its conclueminent ministers as the Baptist F. C. sions or not. It certainly makes the Spurr and the Anglican J. R. Camp- reality of eternal life very vivid. The bell commend it strongly, the former effect is unfortunately lessened by the saying that "the case presented by insertion of unnecessary and objec- Mr. Tweedale is unanswerable" and tional opinions on some scientific and theological points that are not ger- mane to the author's thesis.

WHERE WOMEN AND GOD

VEILED BY THE REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D.D.

President of ~-tmcrican Ull'il;crsity of CairoJ Egypt D o AMERICANS realize the only gave them as His most pre- dimensions of the Moslem cious gift to the man he loved best, world? It is a far cry from his friend Abraham, but also chose Morocco facing the Atlantic to the them as the place into which He Philippine Islands facing the Pa- might send His own dear Son. As.

ci:fic, and from the torrid zones of God sees it today a land of waste, the Sudan in Africa to the snow- with its olive trees cut down and bound Steppes of Central Asia. its people impoverished, I do not And yet all that vast area is the think He is satisfied. I think God Moslem world, and all this terri- cares for the lands themselves, the tory is involved in "the lands where lands where today His face is God and woman are veiled." veiled.

Does God really care for all But of course He cares infinitely lands? I think He does. I think more for the people there. How He literally cares for the moun- many of His children are in these tains and valleys; for He made Moslem lands, in this Mosl,em them and wanted them to be beau- world? I think God loves the Arab, tiful. He fashioned them. And as with all his sternness of character, He looks down upon that northern with all his range of vision, born stretch of Africa that once had a in the desert as he is. I think He teeming population and a great loves the Persian, with his mysti- civilization and produced some of cism and his poetry, and the Turk, the great leaders of the Christian with his courage and his daring, Church, and sees it today desolate for he has that in larger measure because the Arab horseman has than the rest of the Moslem world.

passed over it (and where the Arab And I think He loves, too, His black horseman passes the grass does not child in Africa, submissive,. obe- grow again), as He looks, I say, on dient, faithful. And all of tnese all this, I cannot help thinking that His children are in lands where God is grieved. God and woman are veiled.

And as He looks over to that part The considerations that appeal of the world which, if our tradi- to our hearts in my theme are just tions are true, was the part which these two: first, that woman is he selected as the cradle of human- veiled in this Moslem world; and ity, the great Euphrates valley, the secondly, that God is veiled. Pic- place around which gathers the ture to yourself two hundred mil- sweet story of the perfect paradise; lions of people, one hundred mil- as God sees it today so bare and lion women – women that are unproductive, I do not think God doomed to the veil. We could en- is satisfied. Or as He looks at that dure it if it were only an oriental other part of the Moslem world, fashion, a Moslem style of dress.

whose mountains and valleys He But it is more than that. It is the thought so beautiful that He not sign and symbol of faithlessness 107

and lack of virtue. It is the shame tubs." For if there is any place in of womanhood in the Moslem the world where woman is made a world, when yOU really understand slave it is in this Moslem world. the origin of it. But we are think- All her possibilities of life and ing not only of this physical veil beauty and character are veiled by upon Moslem women; we are think- this conception of servitude that ing also of how, in consequence of overshadows her. this thing that is laid upon them by Moslem social law, women are also Then I think of Moslem woman veiled by ignorance. Kemal has as being veiled by lovelessness. taken the veil from Turkish wom- There is nothing that brings out en, but he has not changed their the beauty in anyone's face and character. I suppose Egypt is a life, and nothing that brings out land that stands in the front rank the beauty in a woman's face and of Moslem nations in literacy, yet life, like love. It is because the an accurate census by the British Mohammedan woman does not tells us that only three women in a have the love of brother and husthousand can read and write. It band and son that you can go all grows out of their seclusion, their through the Moslem world and you limited horizon, their narrow life. will see hardened faces. The pos- They are veiled by ignorance. sibilities of these women's lives are veiled by the lovelessness of their Women in the Moslem world are lives. It is a loveless marriage inveiled also by servitude. It is true to which they go. It is arranged that they are not all slaves, that for both sides by the parents. And there are w e a I thy women in when they go into the marriage wealthy homes. But where woman life, it is without the expectation is not a slave she is usually a toy. of any sympathy and fellowship. Yet for the most part the Moham- Woman's life is loveless, too, bemedan woman is a slave; it is no cause of polygamy. Four legal uncommon thing, when a man wives are p 0 S sib 1e. Poverty wants another servant, for him usually decrees that there shall be j-ust to marry another wife. I but one, that is, one at a time; but read the report of that Parliament divorces come in rapid succession. of Religions held at Chicago at the Many a man in middle life has had time of the Chicago Fair. I nat- as many as twenty or thirty difurally turned to the section that ferent wives. dealt with Mohammedanism, for I thought I could judge the whole But the Moslem woman is espe- Parliament by that one religion. I cially veiled, most hopelessly veiled was amazed at the representations by the spiritual darkness of her made. Speaking of Mohammedan life. I have gone through the women, the speaker said: "The Koran to find something that might picture of a Mohammedan woman be satisfying to a woman's heart bending over a washtub to support as she looks out beyond this life of a drunken husband and several misery to the life beyond. I have children is a picture that you never not found it. I have looked in the see in the Moslem world." I mosque for places that might be thought for a moment, and I said, "Yes, it is so; but the only reason reserved for the women, but there is that they do not have the wash- are no such places. Occasionally you will see a holy woman going into the mosque, but it is only oc-

LANDS WHERE WOMEN AND GOD ARE VEILED

casionally. And just because of Of course, the supreme reason the spiritual hopelessness of her why the face of God is veiled in life, the heart-hunger here and the the Moslem world is because they despair hereafter, joy and sweet- do not have Jesus Christ. They do ness simply disappear from a Mos- not know Him. We may try to lem woman's face. satisfy our hearts with the concep- tion of God that grows out of Of course all of this grows out deism; but our hearts will not rest of the other evil which our theme satisfied. In a splendid article, Dr. emphasizes, and that is that God's Macdonald has traced the efforts face is veiled. I can only touch of Mohammedanism to get rid of upon that, because it would carry the revelation of Christ. When he us far into Moslem theology to deal has finished tracing that movewith it in any full and detailed ment, he asks: "When the thunder way. But you know the face of of the hoofs of this warrior for the God is veiled by the garbled rec- greater glory of God have passed, ords of the Sacred Book of the Mo- what is there left for him and what hammedan. The Koran is a strange is there left for us?" And then he book. Read it. It will be good dis- answers: "Just one of two things: cipline, not mental discipline, but the Christian doctrine of the Trindiscipline in patience and perse- ity on the one hand, or pantheism verance. Here and there you will on the other hand. Because Mosee flashes that seem to be reflec- hammedanism has been unwilling tions from your own Scriptures, but so garbled that the face of God to take the revelation of God in is veiled in that Holy Word of Jesus Christ, it has gone over into pantheism, in so far as it has had Islam. any real religious character and I think the face of God is also experience."

veiled by the stern conception of But I must close in another vein. power attached to God. He is a If I have been writing about lands God of infinite power, and that power is absolutely lawless. He where woman and God are veiled, is so great that He is untouched by your prayers and your suffer- I do not want you to stop without ings. You may weep and you may realizing that in these same lands break your heart, but He will not the processes of unveiling have heed or hear. He is too great. To been going forward with marvelous say God is love is blasphemy in the Mohammedan world. rapidity. God has not left this And His face is veiled not only Moslem world without a witness to by the power attributed to Him but by the absence of morality in Him. Himself. In recent years, He has, What Allah does is right. Any- as it were, driven in the plowshare thing that He does is right. That that He might turn the hardened is why the life of Mohammed was so immoral. It was by the decree soil of Islam so that the seed of the and sanction of God that the things he did became moral. The very Gospel of Christ might find lodgefoundation for absolute morality ment and fructify. We have a is removed in the Moslem concep- wonderful story of political up- heaval, a means in the hand of God tion of God. of opening up this Moslem world. You think of that upheaval as only operating today. I wish I might take the time to disillusion you and

show you that God has never been are promoting. In the city of asleep. Cairo I witnessed what was to me Let me give you the events ill the most dramatic meeting I had the political disintegration of the ever been in, because of the way in Moslem world. Go back eighty-five which Christianity and Islam seem- years. You find Greece, until then ed to be grappling with each other.

a part of the Moslem Empire, gain- In charge of the meeting was a ing her freedom. In the same year convert from Islam, Mikhail Man- France reached over to Africa and sur. He knew the Moslem position laid hold of Algeria. The same through and through. After pre- year, Servia shook loose from Mos- senting the Gospel constructively, lem domination. Thirty-two years he said, "We will now have a de- passed, and Rumania freed herself. bate." He presented his side of Ten years more, and little Monte- the argument, having to do with negro threw down the challenge to certain verses in the Koran. Then Turkey in the Balkan war and he asked the men to stand who gained her freedom. The same might wish to take part in the de- year Bulgaria, and then Eastern bate. The moment the opportunity Rumelia and Cyprus joined those was given, there rose to his feet a that are independent of Moslem man who began to flounder about rule. Soon, Tunisia became a part in a general denunciation of Chris- of France. One year more passed, tianity. The man in the chair re- and the British mar c h e d into minded him that that was contrary Egypt. Now the movement of to the rules of the meeting, and events became accelerated. It was that he must stick to the text.

only in 1912 that Tripoli passed Presently he undertook to make an under the power of Italy. Then argument from the Koran, and Egypt became a British protector- misquoted the Koran, a heinous sin ate, and the name of the Sultan in the Moslem world. The man in was replaced in the prayers offered the chair reminded him that he was in the mosques at Cairo by the not quoting correctly. Some one in name of the Sultan of Egypt, ap- the audience set him straight. The pointed by the British Government. speaker then went on to quote an- Thus do we see Moslem political other verse, but the man in charge power disintegrating. of the meeting said, "That verse These are some of the ways in has been recaIIed." You need to which God has revealed Himself remember that certain sections of once again as a God of the living the Koran were recalled by later and as the Ruler of nations. But, revelations which Mohammed had.

of course, these processes are not For this reason certain earlier rev- as interesting to us as coworkers elations may not be used in argu- with Him as are the processes of ment, and the converted Moslem in his Gospel. We must link our- the chair pressed his advantage selves with an effort to take that over the less skillful Moslem de- to these people. bating from the floor. So the de- I close by giving you two illus- bate went on. It was a marvelous trations of how God is unveiling meeting.

His face, is unveiling the face of The other incident is from an- woman in the Mas I em world, other part of this Moslem world.

through the influences Christians It is an experience that I had in

SOME "VERY RESPECTABLE MISSIONARY SOCIETIES"

Constantinople with a personality of brown hair. She spoke in a that I am sure some in America silvery voice-Turkish, French and know. Her name is Halideh English. She had written several Khanem. She is the daughter of books. What was the secret of it the treasurer of the former Sultan, all? Away back in her girlhood old Abdul-Hamid. Because of the days, she attended the American position of her father, she was Girls' College on the Bosphorus. married to a man of high rank. That was the secret of it all. He turned out to be a brute of a man, and so, as her father had I went out from there and saw died, she succeeded in releasing other veiled women. But I said to herself from him, but only by sac- myself, "Who knows what is going rificing most of her money in order on under these veils?" And I to keep the children. While Doctor thought that perhaps the day is not Sailer and I were in Constantinople far distant when the veil is going we met her. She came into the home of a missionary where we to be thrown back from the faces had been invited to meet her. She of this entire Moslem world. Then threw back the thick, black veil will be seen the face of woman and that Moslem women were then re- then will be seen the face of God. quired to wear, and we saw a won- Then will we understand how God derfully fair face, with beautiful has been working throughout all brown eyes and luxuriant tresses these years in which we thought He was idle and indifferent, instead of quietly working.

SOME "VERY RESPECTABLE MISSIONARY SOCIETIES"

BY THE REV. OTIS CARY, D.D.

For Forty Years Missionary oj the A. B. C. F. M. in Japan T HE beginning of the year Gospel of the kingdom of Christ in 1800 saw the publication of those remote parts of the world"; the first number of The New and the charter of the Massachu- York Missionary Magazine and Re- setts Bay Colony declared that its pository of Religious Intelligence. chief end was "to win and incite This was· one of the signs that the natives of that country to the American Christians were being . knowledge and obedience of the aroused to the duty of giving the only true God." Gospel to those that were without The early efforts of Eliot and the it. Even from early colonial times Mayhews had been continued by they had not been unmindful of others down to the time of David this obligatiori. Among the rea- Brainerd, Jonathan Edwards, John sons that led the Pilgrim Fathers Sergeant, and their associates. to America, as stated by Governor With the gaining of independence Bradford, was "lastly (and which the thought of belonging to a new was not least) a great hope and nation quickened in the minds of inward zeal they had of laying Christians a sense of responsibility some good foundation for the for unchurched settlements and for propagating and advancing the the Indian tribes within its bor-

ders. In 1787, some citizens of organized in 1800 by Baptist and Massachusetts were asked by the Congregationalist women. Their Scottish Society for Promoting contributions were sent to The Christian Knowledge to administer Masachusetts Missionary Society funds for the benefit of the Indians. until the formation in 1802 of The Feeling ashamed that they had Massachusetts Baptist Missionary been more neglectful than for- Society, after which the money was eigners for these people, they ob- divided according to the denomina- tained from the Legislature a tional preferences of the givers.

charter for The Society for Propa- These organizations would now gating the Gospel Among the In- be reckoned as home missionary dians and Others in North Amer- societies; but many of the Indian ica. This at once began helping in tribes for whom they were work- the support of the Rev. Zechariah ing were then considered to be Mayhew on Martha's Vineyard and semi-independent nations. More- of the Rev. John Sergeant in New over the constitutions of some of Stockbridge, New York. The So- the societies expressed the hope ciety is still in existence, most of that they might extend their ef- its funds being used for the benefit forts to foreign lands.

of the Indians, but a part of them The prospectus of The New York for the "and others" of its charter, Missionary Magazine and Reposi- both white and colored. tory of Religious Intelligence an- A number of local missionary nounced that "The proceedings of societies were formed at this time, the three very respectable Mission- and it is interesting to note that ary Societies which have been they often disregarded denomina- formed in the United States, and tional lines. In Massachusetts, of such others as may hereafter be where relations between Baptists formed, will claim our first atten- and Congregationalists had not al- tion and will be fully exhibited to ways been very cordial, they some- our readers from time to time."

times united in sending out mis- What were these "very respect- sionaries of either denomination as able societies"? If age demands circumstances might determine. respect, The Society for Propagat- The first known case of this was in ing the Gospel Among the Indians 1794, when a union society in Bos- and Others in North America ton sent the Rev. David Irish, a would stand first among those Baptist minister, to the frontier formed in the United States; but settlements in New York. More apparently the prospectus had ref- formally organized societies soon erence to those of more recent arose. Some of the earliest of orlgm. One of them must have these were The New York Mission- been The New York Missionary ary Society (1796), The Northern Society. The initial number of the Missionary Society (1797), The magazine gives us "An Account of Berkshire and Columbia Mission- the Institution, Progress, and Pres- ary Society (1797), The Mission- ent State" of this organization, ary Society of Connecticut (1798), which tells us that, in the autumn The Massachusetts Missionary So- of 1796, a number of ministers in ciety (1799), and The Boston the City of New York, learning of Female Society for Missionary the exertions being made in Great Purposes. The last of these was Britain "to spread the knowledge

SOME "VERY RESPECTABLE MISSIONARY SOCIETIES"

of the Gospel among the heathen, that, when a few Indians became became impressed with the duty of Christians, "they are to be publicly making a similar attempt in Amer- initiated into the Church by bap- ica." The interest of a number of tism, and afterwards their chil- their clerical brethren of the vicin- dren."

ity and of some of the laity having December 11, 1797, the Directors been won to the plan, a meeting sent to the "judicatories of the sev- was held on the first day of Novem- eral churches connected with the ber and a Society was formed "for Society" a proposition that "the sending the Gospel to the frontier second Wednesday of every month, settlements and among the Indian beginning at candle light, be ob- tribes in the United States." A served" by meetings for prayer in number of leaves of foolscap paper, behalf of missions, these meetings loosely stitched together, are still to be held in succession at the Old in existence, giving the original Presbyterian Church, the Scots'

constitution of the Society and the Presbyterian Church, the New signatures of persons that joined it Dutch Church, the First Baptist in its early years. Two bound Church, the Brick Presbyterian volumes of ledger size record the Church, the North Dutch Church, meetings of .the Directors, begin- and then to revert to the place of ning with that of November 2, beginning.

1796. In their first annual report, the The Directors early appointed a Directors said that, in addition to committee to obtain missionaries. providing for the support of Mr.

Advertisements for suitable per- Bullen, they had contributed $100 sons at first failed to attract any, for the work of the Rev. John Ser- but after a while it was learned geant among the Stockbridge In- that the Rev. Joseph Bullen, of dians, and $60 for Paul, a preacher Vermont, was willing to receive among the Indians of Long Island.

appointment, whereupon the Di- As time passed, missionaries rectors voted to employ him at an were sent to several other Indian annual salary of $350 and to de- tribes. The annual report in 1813 fray his expenses for travel to the showed that the question had Chickasaw Indians in Georgia. A arisen whether the Society should form of instructions was prepared confine its efforts to the Indians.

to be given to him and future ap- The chief doubt was regarding pointees. One exhortation would work for white settlers. But the hardly be thought necessary for Board had not failed to notice that missionaries of the present day: five young men in New England "By denying yourselves to strong had lately gone to carry the Gospel liquors you may save yourselves to foreign lands, and "it cannot both trouble and blame. It is well help entertaining doubts respect- known how fond the Indians are of ing the wisdom of sending mis- rum, and how pernicious it is to sionaries to so distant a part of the them. Should they see you in- globe while so many parts of our dulging in the use, it will whet own country are suffering a famine their desires and they will plead of the Word of life"; yet it "con- your example." As the Society was templates such an instance of pious partly composed of Baptists, it is zeal with respect and admiration, interesting to note the direction and earnestly prays that a large 3

measure of the same spirit may be and made an arrangement by directed to our own destitute fron- which they conveyed to the Sotiers." A committee reported that ciety four hundred acres of land it found nothing in the constitution for the support of a missionary or proceedings of the Society mak- amDng them. ing it necessary to confine its labors to the Indians, and added: "It The Northern Missionary Soappears absurd and inconsistent to ciety came to an end as a separate display zeal in promoting mission- organization in 1818, when its ary exertions in a distant country funds and missiDns were transwhile the untutored heathen of our ferred to The United Foreign Misown borders are neglected." sionary Society. Two years later The New York Missionary Society The records of the Directors did the same thing. The new So- CDme to a sudden close with the en- ciety was organized in New York, try for June 12, 1820, without giv- July 28,1817. It had a wider outing the vote by which it was de- look than its predecessors, its concided to merge the Society with stitution declaring that "The ob- The United Foreign Missionary ject of the Society shall be to Society. spread the Gospel among the In- dians of North America, the in- Since the second number of The habitants of Mexico and South New York Missionary Magazine America, and in other portions of and Repository of Religious Intel- the heathen and anti-Christian ligence gives "A Short History of world." In its plea for support, it the Formation and Progress of The took a more charitable view of non- N Drthern Missionary Society in Christian faiths than some have the State of New York," it is prob- supposed to have been held at that time. It says: "It is not for us to able that this is the second of the limit the operations of the divine "respectable societies." At least, Spirit and pronounce that none are we are assured by this article that saved withDut the Gospel; but it was "a respectable number" of from the concurrent voice of Revministers and private Christians elation and modern travelers, we that met January 11,1797, at Lans- are compelled to believe the mass ingburgh, for its organization. Its of the heathen live and die grossly constitution, which was adopted at wicked." a later meeting in Albany, declared that "The principal object of the A subject that had been for Society shall be to propagate the some time discussed by this So- Gospel among the Indian tribes ciety was settled July 3,1826, when and in those frontier places of our it vDted: "That the missiDnary country which are destitute of its stations, papers, books, and propordinances and are not organized erty Df The United Foreign Misinto Christian societies." sionary Society be forthwith trans- ferred to The American Board of The Society was made up of sev- Commissioners for Foreign Miseral "departments" according to sions." the localities where its members lived. Probably most of the work One may well hesitate before dedone was in New York State. In ciding which was the third of the March, 1798, chiefs and warriors "Very Respectable Missionary Soof the Oneida Tribe met with the cieties" that the magazine had in department centering in Albany

SOME "VERY RESPECTABLE MISSIONARY SOCIETIES"

mind; for to do so might imply The Massachusetts Missionary doubt about the respectability of Society was organized May 28, others then in existence. The con- 1879, ami so perhaps had not fully tiguity of Southern Connecticut to established a reputation for re- New York, and the fact that the spectability when the New York second and later numbers of the magazine was preparing its pro- magazine give information about spectus. In 1804, its constitution, The Missionary Society of Con- which had formerly been similar to necticut (though others are soon others of that time, was amended noticed) make it probable that this so that the Society's object was de- has the strongest claim for the clared to be "to diffuse the Gospel honor. In June, 1798, The General among the people of the newly-set- Association of Connecticut, which tled and remote parts of our coun- in 1792 had obtained from the try, among the Indians of the coun- Legislature permission to take an- try, and through more distant nual contributions for the support regions of the earth as circum- of missions in new settlements, or- stances shall invite and the ability ganized a Society whose object was of the Society shall admit." The "to Christianize the heathen in magazine that it soon began to pub- North America and to support and lish under the name of The Mis- promote Christian knowledge in sionary Magazine became ere long the new settlements within the The Missionary Herald, the organ United States." In 1800, it had of The American Board of Com- four missionaries in Vermont, missioners for Foreign Missions, New York, and Pennsylvania. with which the Society itself was Two or three more were expected closely associated; though as the soon to increase the number, and distinction between foreign and one was to be sent to the Connecti- domestic missions became more cut Western Reserve. marked, it changed its name to The Berkshire and Columbia The Massachusetts Home Mission- Missionary Society showed by its ary Society.

name that its members lived in The societies that have been de- two adjoining counties of Massa- scribed were the forerunners of chusetts and New York. In 1813, others that were organized in the it had eleven missionaries working early part of the nineteenth cen- in Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode tury. In 1805, The Presbyterian Island, New York, and Pennsyl- Assembly's Missionary Magazine vania. The salary received by said that "more than fifty different each was seven dollars a week. In societies for the last several years 1812, the Society voted "that they have been actively engaged in pro- would cheerfully aid in the promo- mulgating the doctrines of Chris- tion of foreign missions," and di- tianity." Probably most of these rected that a part of their funds were auxiliaries of the leading na- should be devoted to that purpose. tional societies.

CHURCH UNION IN THE PHILIPPINES A significant event of last year was the organization of the United Evangelical Church of the Philippines, merging the Presbyterian, Congregational, and the United Brethren Churches, and the United Church of Manila. It unites a large portion of the churches from north of Manila south to Mindanao. The Moderator of the First General Assembly is the Rev. E. C. Sobrepena.

VASQUEZ, A QUICHE

BY REV. PAUL BURGESS, D.D., Quezaltenango, Guatemala / BOUT twelve years ago An- Antonio told the missionary about fi. tonio Alvarada, one of the this new soul that was seeking the Indian Christians from Santa Saviour and a visit was arranged.

Maria, was persecuted by Roman Marcelino was interested but his Catholic opponents who accused fear of criticism from his people him of stealing chickens to feed was so strong, however, he did not the missionary when the latter wish to receive the missionary in came to visit him. Though the ac- his house in Palmar and arranged cusation was false it accomplished for him to come to his little coffee the purpose of its framers by driv- farm where nobody but the meming Antonio out of town. He was bers of his immediate family would arrested and sent to work on the know. A servant conducted the road ten miles down the line. missionary by round-about by- paths to the house in the country, The guards in charge of tliese where a simple service was held prisoners were from Palmar. An- tonio counted it joy to suffer for and the way of salvation was exhis Lord and when his frugal plained. The missionary was well prisoner's meal was set before treated and invited to return, him, he never failed to bow his which he did two months later. head and give God thanks. This On the third visit the Spirit of simple act impressed Marcelino God seemed manifestly present.

Vasquez, one of his guards, so The Scripture read was from Mark much that he asked Antonio what and tells about the healing of the that act meant. He was told of the paralytic who was let down through great God, who is ever present and the roof. The vivid imagery of the ever solicitous for the good of his scene burned itself on the Indian children; of His love for lost men mind and when, after hearing and the coming of His Son to re- about the trouble of bringing the deem them; of the good Book that sick man before the Lord, the misbrings us the story and of the mes- sionary pointed out that the first sengers who have come to bring words of the Saviour were not to this good news to the Indians. cure the body but to forgive sins, Marcelino had been uneasy about the eyes of the little group opened the witch-doctor practices and wide in astonishment. We went on some weeks before had had a very to tell them that after all the soul impressive dream in which he had was more important than the body. been told to seek a new and better If the sick man should recover the way no matter what the cost. Thus use of his body to steal, to commit the seed fell into soil well prepared. adultery or to debauch himself by When Antonio had served his drink, he was really better off on .sentence, he went to visit Marcelino his sick bed where he could do none in his home and then for the first of these things. We explained time the latter heard the songs of how the Jews were shocked be- Zion. Their sweetness touched his cause Jesus said that He forgave heart and brought tears to his eyes. sins. Then the full powers of the 116 Saviour were pointed out and the swered, "Why, told the whole town forgiveness of sins and the gift of that I belong to Jesus!"

new life by the simple acceptance "Come in and tell me about it,"

of Jesus' sacrifice on the cross. A I said, hoping to atone for my lack great light burst over Marcelino's of intuition.

face and he said, "I have been lis- tening to the Gospel for several months and it has spoken to my soul, but I never understood it.

Now I see it all and I accept Jesus Christ as my own Saviour because He died for me."

After the meeting as we sat around the hearth fire, Marcelino suddenly turned to me to say, "Now I belong to Jesus, what does He want me to do next?"

"Well, Marcelino," I said, "the Bible tells us that Jesus once said, 'He that confesseth me before men, him will I confess before my Fa- ther who is in Heaven.' He wants us to tell others that we are His.

I think that will be your next step."

His face fell at that word, for it was a hard thing for him to do. It meant the losing of caste, the breaking of old ties and friend- ships, and great uncertainty for the future. He confessed his fears and my heart sank as I saw what he had to face. Next morning I left with a fear, almost a convic- DON MARCELINO AND HIS WIFE AND tion, that another had looked upon TWO ADOPTED CHILDREN the glories of the Promised Land but had not faith and courage to Since this article was written a volcanic enter. eruption cuused an appalling catastrophe, de- stroying much property and the lives of about Two weeks later, when other 1,000 people. A letter from the Rev. Linn P. work had almost crowded Mar- Sullenberger, of the Presbyterian Mission, iucelino out of my thoughts, I heard clmes the following account of this disastrous a knock at the door of my Quezal- event: tenango home. When I opened the door, I saw Marcelino. He did not "The eruption took placp. in the middle of so much as say "Good afternoon," the night. The flow of In va, hot sand and but blurted out, "Don Pablo, I've rock, took the people by surprise while they done it! I've done it!" were in their huts. No particular damage was done tu the town where only a few inches of "And what have you done then, ash fell, but hundreds lost theIr l1ves on the my good Marcelino?" I asked. I small farms to the west of the town; 39 of can still see the look of disgust at my lack of understanding as he an- troen c~ra~~~Yfnt~?sn I~~~iS~~~e c~~:r:de~if~n>f~'()~~ three to four yards' d epth of sand and burn ed rock. Seven, who were tnking care of the place, died there, one of them the little grand- daughter who had been given to the Lord in the hope that she might become a teacher or Dluse. Marcelino and his wife had gone to the village to hold the Saturday evening service in the absence of the worker. otherwise tbey too would have perished. Hie brother and famlh were almost miraculously saved but their proll. erty has been lost. A singular thing ls that there are no widows and orphans. Whole families were taken. Don Mal"ceJino lost every- thing but his house in town."-EDITOB.

The story came bubbling out. He "Here is my answer to prayer,"

had been in the garrison of the he exclaimed. "God wants me to town with some other soldiers who marry the one who shares my faith began to talk against the Gospel and my hope."

and to say that Protestants sacri- This he did, providing a house ficed and ate little children in their and land sufficient for the needs of services and perpetrated other in- the other woman, and telling her iquities. that henceforth she was to him "As I listened," he said, "some- nothing more than a sinner for thing seemed to be boiling inside whom he would never cease to of me and after a while I burst out pray. (She was converted ten indignantly, 'That's a lie. I know years later.) it is not so.' " Marcelino was nearly fifty years One of the soldiers looked at him of age when he was converted but a little maliciously and said, "How he had never learned to read. As do you know it isn't so? Are you we say in Spanish he did not know one of them?" the 0 because it was round, but he "Yes, I am," came the answer in was determined to learn how to no uncertain tone of voice. The read God's Word. He took lessoDE?

die was cast, and in the joy of his from another Indian who knew, newly-made confession he walked but in spite of all his effort the thirty miles up the mountain to little marks just swam around 'and share his happiness with the mis- he could make neither head nor tail sionary. We knelt and prayed that to them. Dr. Haymaker came to the Lord would lead him on and visit him as he was in the midst of would bless his testimony. From these struggles and seeing what then on prayer became the vital was the trouble, tested his eyes and life of Marcelino; gave him some glasses. With The next step for Marcelino was these he learned in an amazingly the straightening out of his family short time so that today he can affairs. Like most of the more read easily and smoothly.

prosperous Indians he was a po- Marcelino's vices and his super- lygamist with two wives though stitions had caused him to mort- not legally married to either of gage his little property up to them. We explained that it was capacity and so his next step was the will of God that a man should to payoff that mortgage. This· not have more than one wife and was a hard struggle and took him that the bond should be sanctioned three years, but when it was ac- by the law. He was in a quandary, complished he came to me and said: for both of his wives were faithful· "Don Pablo, the Lord has been very and both were beloved. He took good to me. First He gave me my the matter to God in prayer, and salvation, then He enabled me to meanwhile treated both wives straighten out my life and to learn alike. He talked to them day and how to read His Word and now He night of Christ and the Gospel and has enabled me to payoff my mort- in the course of a few months he gage. I am a free man at last and noted that the more he talked the now I want to consecrate my gOOdR nearer one of them came to evan- and myself to His service. I sug- gelical faith and the less interested gested that a house of prayer for the other one was. the congregation which was form-

MARCELINO VASQUEZ, A QUICHE INDIAN

ing about him might be in order ordered Marcelino to buy his wife and he took up the idea enthusias- a new outfit. This he obediently tically. A lot was secured on the did to the satisfaction of his wife, Central Plaza, plans were drawn but when she was all togged up and then Marcelino started to raise she looked at him and said, "You the necessary money. He had some must have some new clothes.

help from the other believers and There's no fun in my having all from a sympathetic German plan- these nice things if my husband is tation owner or two, but he car- going to dress like a tramp." "But ried most of the burden himself. I want to give my part to the Lord.

He insisted that God's house must His work must come first," insisted be the best house in town and set Marcelino. He made the matter a out to make it so. The coffee crop subject of prayer and finally his is the mainstay of life in this sec- wife was won over to cooperate tion, but banana trees are planted wholeheartedly with him in his between the coffee trees to shade sacrificial giving.

them and since Palmar is on the In the meantime, Marcelino's border of the highlands there is a spiritual work had been going on ready sale for the bananas though constantly. If any Indians would the price is'very low (about two listen sympathetically to the preach- cents a dozen). Marcelino discov- ing of the Gospel, he was on their ered that he could live on the ba- trail immediately. He gives more nanas and what he received from time to the work of the Lord in their sale though this barely cov- evangelizing, visiting the sick and ered the most urgent needs of him- lifting up the fallen than he does self and his family. He made a to supporting himself. The result pledge that his coffee crop should has been that over a hundred have be the Lord's and should go toward been received into church member- building the church. Five coffee ship in the Palmar congregation crops went into the church which and three other flourishing congre- was as many years in the building, gations have been started as the but which is a veritable jewel fruit of his direct efforts. He has among the Protestant chapels of never received a cent of salary western Guatemala. from the Mission or from any His wife did not appreciate his other source except his little plan- giving all his money to the Church tation.

and complained that it had been When the church building was several years since she had had a finished and the number of· be- new dress. He had read in the lievers increased greatly the con- Bible that wives should be subject gregation felt the need of a preach- to their husbands and insisted that er, the Palmar Church was organ- it was better to give to the Lord, ized on a self-supporting basis and than to provide for our own needs. a young man, who had been won The Palmar congregation was by Marcelino as one of his first under the care of the Cantel Church converts and had prepared himself at this time and so Mrs. Marcelino diligently, was called to assist Mar- took the matter before the Session celino.

of that Church. A committee of Next a school for the children of Indian elders was named to look believers enlisted Marcelino's en- into the matter and as a result they thusiasm. He put two coffee crops

into a suitable building, when the ful. The Palmar authorities were story of his efforts brought a spon- changed and the school granted. taneous and generous gift from a It began with thirty Indian chil- dren and is now in its second year. friend in the United States which It is taught by a graduate of Miss enabled the school to be finished Morrison's Normal School and has sooner than could have been done brought with it some new probotherwise. All this energy and lems and adjustments for Marblessing had been arousing the celino; he is facing the situation enemies of the Gospel and when manfully and paying half of the the petition for a school came be- teacher's salary out of his coffee fore the authorities of the town crop. they called the people together, made it appear that by the school Meanwhile Marcelino still goes Marcelino was seeking to convert barefooted, still dresses in the all their children and that they simple homespun cotton which the would be forced to pay for the coast Indians use. teacher and other expenses. The pent-up fury broke out and the au- Such is Marcelino Vasquez to- day, a man who believes the Gospel thorities declared in open session with all his heart, who seeks first that the man who killed that pesti- the Kingdom of God, a mighty ferous Marcelino would be a public man of prayer, a man of balanced benefactor. This brought three at- judgment in the meetings of Prestempts on his life in as many bytery where he never fails to be weeks. We moved every lever present, a man eminently sane in known to us to get the machinery his approach to all the problems of of higher Government circles to life, but a great man of faith. work to bring the local authorities Surely one such convert is a justito time. In this we were success- fication of Foreign Missions.

TRIBUTE TO DR. CHARLES FORMAN T HE Rev. Dr. James J. Lucas, and careful preparation. He usually of Allahabad, has written a carried a small notebook in which he tender tribute to his former had jotted down the outlines of these colleague, Dr. Forman, who after talks. I had hoped to get some of them published for the help of bazaar more than forty years of devoted and village preachers, and it may be service in India, retired five years that someone, perhaps his son, a beago and died July 13, 1929. Dr. loved medical missionary, will yet edit Lucas writes: them. Often I heard him preach in Hindu- During later years in Kasur, Dr. stani to little groups of humble people, sometimes Christians, more often Forman gathered groups of converts Hindus and Moslems. He had the scattered in the numerous villages of rare gift of putting the deep things the Kasur field and he ministered to concerning God, sin, suffering and re- them as the beloved physician and demption in simple, every-day words, good shepherd. Those village Chrisand so clearly that mind and heart tians looked up to him with trust and were reached. While these addresses reverence born of his loving service to humble folk would be called talks, in their times of sickness and sorrow they were the fruit of long meditation and persecution. His coming often meant healing of mind and"body.

PROBLEMS DISCUSSED BY EX-

ECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL COUNCIL BY DR. CHARLES STELZLE H OW the Protestant churches through by one group rather than of America may appropri- by another. The Federal Council ately observe the 1900th An- is not now concerned about formuniversary of the inauguration of lating direct schemes for church Christianity; the possibilities of union. Among the constituent bodbringing together the churches of ies of the Council are many whose the world on the basis of their prac- theories and church government tical work rather than upon agree- policies do not lend themselves ment in their doctrinal beliefs; the readily to the idea of organic kind of a program of education union. The Council is aiming, how- which the present situation regard- ever, to bring the churches to- ing prohibition calls for; how to gether on such a basis of church promote a better understanding be- cooperation that a deeper and finer tween Jews and Christians – these spirit of church unity may be con- were some of the score or more out- sequently developed. The aim of standing questions discussed by the the Council is to generate an at- Executive Committee of the Fed- mosphere of mutual confidence and eral Council of the Churches of respect."

Christ in America, consisting of The Federal Council officially 150 national religious leaders, which represents twenty-seven Protestant met in Chicago the first week of De- denominations having a member- cember. The meeting was also ship of 22 millions. The Council made the occasion of a public cele- itself consists of approximately bration of the twenty-first anni- 400 members, appointed by the of- versary of the organization of the ficial religious bodies which they Federal Council, Bishop Francis J. represent. This group meets quad- McConnell, President, making the rennially, but the Executive Com- address. Bishop McConnell said in mittee, whose members are also part: appointed by the denominational "We are coming to recognize bodies, meets annually, and is more and more that the churches made up of two representatives are not fighting among themselves. from each of the constituent or- Each denomination is an inheritor ganizations and one additional rep- of certain ecclesiastical legacies resentative for every 500,000 of its from the past. That means that all communicants.

denominations alike have to deal The Council has permanently at with situations which they have work ten commissions which deal not themselves created. The dif- with specialized phases of Chris- ferences between denominations tian service, each of which has its today are not those of doctrine but experts and executives. These com- temperamental differences, and the missions reported at the Chicago preference for carrying a policy meeting of the Executive Commit- 121

tee, their reports being comprised information and judgment, both to in a rather formidable printed vol- the public and to Congress." In ume of several hundred pages. reply to the charge that the Fed- eral Council expends "enormous Related to the Federal Council amounts of money," Dr. Macfar. also are several important affiliated land said that the total budget of and consulting bodies, such as the the Washington office is $11,000 of American Bible Society, the Na- which three-fourths are expended tional Council of Young Men's in helping the Army and Navy in Christian Associations, the Na- the work of chaplains and disabled tional Board of Young Women's veterans, and that the Washington Christian Associations, the United Secretary of the Council receives Stewardship Council of the United from the Council a salary of only States and Canada, the Foreign $1,500. Missions Conference of North America, the Student Volunteer Move- The Executive Committee apment, the Home Missions Council, proved the formation of a new and the Council of Women for Commission on motion pictures, Home Missions. There are also "for the purpose of coordinating special committees, among them the General Committee on Army the interests and activities of the and Navy Chaplains, the Religious various organizations in their re- Press, and Financial and Fiduci- lation to motion pictures; to furary Matters. The Federal Council ther or provide for a thorough has recently been charged with study of the relations of the motion lobbying at Washington, and be- pictures to the public welfare; to cause of misstatements made in assist churches at home and abroad this connection the Executive Com- to secure suitable motion pictures mittee authorized the following for their own program, and to maintain a general information statement: service and a representation of the "The Federal Council of the various peoples through motion pictures at home and abroad; to Churches of Christ in America and seek to eliminate misrepresentaits constituent denominations have tions; to secure the cooperation of the best of the life of the various from time to time expressed judg· countries, and to further the use of films to. strengthen international ments on what they believe to be understanding and good will." the principles of Christian religion in its application to issues involv- The Commission on Internaing moral and spiritual ideals and tional Justice and Good Will preaffecting social conditions and the sented a message to be sent to the welfare of humanity. The Federal churches concerning the Paris Council has carefully refrained Peace Pact which included the folfrom maintaining at Washington, lowing: "The Peace Pact of Paris, or elsewhere, any lobbyist or legis- proclaimed by President Hoover on lative representative, and from July 24, 1929, as binding on all using any form of political or personal pressure or partisan align- participating nations, is in truth a world covenant of world peace. ment, and has relied wholly on the If the people take ~t in earnest and moral power of its statements to require their statesmen to shape influence public opinion. We deem national policies in the light and it OUr duty in shaping a sound public opinion to make known such

CONFERENCE OF THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES

spirit of the Pact, it will usher in question of marriage and divorce a new era. War will be no more, and all preparations for war should with its concomitant issues of sex soon cease. Hitherto, nations have education and the limitation of offdepended largely on their fighting spring, the whole problem of relipower for existence, for rights, for gious healing in which there is just prestige and for influence. Arma- now an enormous revival of interments have been fundamental in in- est-all these are questions which ternational relations and in nation- raise fundamental issues of fact, al policies. Hereafter, the rights of and we must confess that appalnations will be based on mutual ling slight provision has been made treaties and agreements and on in- among the religious agencies international law, and a nation's terested in these questions for a prestige will depend on its achieve- faithful, unbiased exploration of ments in social justice and prog- facts and a correspondingly fair ress, on its practice of the essen- and candid treatment of the retials of civilization, on the attain- sults. Even in the handling of rement by its citizens of noble liv- ligious statistics we often give the ing." impression of being crude and not too candid. In this day of ever in- Dr. F. Ernest Johnson, Secretary creasing scientific research, in busiof the Committee on Research and ness, industry, law and education, Education discussing the Crucial nothing would go farther to Problems in a Church Program of strengthen the hand of organized Research, said: religion than to carry conviction to the public mind that we can be as "The prohibition issue, the prob- loyal to truth as secular scientists." lem of motion picture control, the CONFERENCE OF THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES BY A. L. WARNSHUIS AND SAMUEL McCREA CAVERT SINCE the Jerusalem meeting no means confined to the lands hith- the forces of the International erto call e d non-Christian. The Missionary Council have been greatest enemy of the Christian deeply concerned with the chal- faith is the prevalent secularism lenging situation which secularism and materialism of our time. A presents to the Christian Church. Chinese teacher, speakin~ of the No result of the Jerusalem meeting situation in non-Christian lands, was clearer than its revelation of said, "Christianity must ignore the the world-wide spiritual unity in incapacitated older religions and Christ which transcends differences think of its frontier work in terms of race, nation, language, theolo- of what it will have to do with gy, creed, and ecclesiastical polity. these new forces-scientific agnos- Equally clear was the emergence of ticism, materialistic determinism, the fact that a considerable por- political fascism, and moral iconotion of mankind today is willing to clasm." ignore or to oppose Jesus Christ, and that folk of this sort are by One result of the Jerusalem meeting has been the calling, by the

Archbishop of York, of a Confer- Ames, of the University of Chi- ence on the Preparation of the cago, presented the point of view Ministry, which convened at York of humanism and met a sharp re- in April, 1929. The Conference joinder from Professor Archibald brought together 48 theologians T. Robertson, of the Southern Bap- from all parts of Britain and from tist Theological Seminary at Louis- 12 denominations. Mr. J. H. Old- ville. Close on the heels of this ham, in a stirring address* before discussion came a paper by Profes- the Williamstown meeting, in July, sor Henry N. Wieman, of the Di- virtually summarized the thinking vinity School of the University of of this group in reference to the Chicago, who urged religious lead- world situation of today. His ad- ers to hold their points of view dress made a profound impression. more tentatively, after the fashion After discussion with the officers of the scientists, a position which of the International Missionary also met with no little challenge.

Council, the Executive Committee When the first day ended with a of the Conference of Theological presentation of present ethical and Seminaries and Colleges in the social problems by Bishop Francis United States and Canada decided J. McConnell and Professor Rein- to call a similar meeting. Plans hold N i e b u h r, one wondered were therefore made for a meeting whether it would ever be possible of the representatives of the facul- to discover any unity whatever ties of theological seminaries to within the group.

discuss the general problem of the When, however, on the second theological curriculum in the light day, Dr. John R. Mott gave a of this present world situation. masterful review of the present The meeting was held at Drew The- world situation, as he had found it ological Seminary, Madison, New especially in the countries of Asia Jersey, November 29 to December on his recent trip around the 1, and its enrollment of over 100 world, and outlined the opportunity members included many of the out- of the churches in the face of such standing theological teachers of a situation, a remarkable change this country. The conference was of atmosphere took place. It was held under the chairmanship of discovered that beneath such differ- Dean Luther A. Weigle, of the Yale ences as had appeared on the first Divinity School, chairman of the day there was a deep underlying Association of Theological Profes- spiritual unity and a common pur- sors. Cooperating in the arrange- pose to bring all of life under the ments was the International Mis- control of Christ. As a result, the sionary Council. ensuing discussions on the kind of The personnel ranged all the way an apologetic needed for today and from the most conservative to those on changes in the theological cur- who are generally regarded as rep- riculum which would make the resenting the more radical point of seminaries more effective agents in view. The very first hour of the fulfilling the world mission of the first session revealed a wide chasm, Church moved forward with in- when Professor Edward Scribner creasing momentum and much >I< Oldham, .T. II., 'J'lIe Nf:W Christian Adcen~ practical stimulus. ture. Interuatiollal Missionary Council, New York City. Price, 10 cents per copy, $3.00 per The conference was unique in hundred. having no findings. Bouks 011 China are numerous and The Quest for Go,! iu Chilla. F. W. S. new ones are frequently appearing. O'Neill. $2.50. A fair-sized library would be required to hold them all. As February is the China's Challenge to Christianity. L. C. month in which China is especially Porter. 75c; paper, 50c. studied in the home churches, we asked Miss Hollis W. Herring, of the China Her Own Interpreter: Chapters by Missionary Research Library, New a group of Chinese Christians. M. T. York, to list a few of the best avail- Stauffer, editor. 75c. able books. She has submitted the following, any of which may be ob- Chinese Culture and Christianity. J . L. tained through the Purchasing De- Stewart. $2.50. partment of the REVIEW: Farm and Factory in China: Aspects of Humanity and Labour in China. A. An- the Industrial Revolution. J. B. Tay- derson. $4.20. lor. $1.

China: An Interpretation. Bishop J . China Awakened. M. T. Z. Tyau. $5. Bashford. $4. China Yesterday and Today. E. T. Wil- China Christian Year Book.. $2. liams. $3.75.

Old Buddha. , Princess Der Ling. $3.50. A CORRECTION China in the Family of Nations. H. T. We deeply regret that the picture of Hodgkin. $3. the church on page 19 of the January China and Her Political Entity. HSll number of the REVIEW, in connection with the excellent article of the Rev. Shushi. $2. Dr. Joseph C. Robbins, Secretary of Western Civilization and the Far East. the American Baptist Foreign Mis- sionary Society, was wrongly labeled S. King-Hall. $5. "Judson College, Burma," when, as a History of Christian Missions in China. matter of fact, it was a picture of the Judson Memorial Church in Mandalay. K. S. Latourette. $5. The picture now given is one of the China, a Nation in Evolution. Paul Mon- buildings of the fine new plant.

roe. $3.50.

"WILLINGTON HALL" JUDSON COLLEGE. BURMA 126

·OPICS Of THE

China Famine Relief Committee laid the matter before him. He at once conferred with the Red The Christian people of America Cross Society which thereupon sent a were deeply moved when reports ar- deputation to China last spring. This rived of appalling famine conditions deputation spent two and a half in China. The Committee of Reference months in the field (June 15-August and Counsel, representing the Boards 30) and September 27 presented its of Foreign Missions of the United report to the Central Committee of States and Canada, and the Committee the Red Cross which, at its following on Mercy and Relief of the Federal meeting, adopted a statement which Council of the Churches of Christ in was given wide publicity in the news- America, presented the matter to the papers and which included the follow- Red Cross Society in Washington, ing conclusions: with the hope that the Society would take appropriate action as the agency That the destitution which prevails in the famine areas is the cumulative re- through which Americans are accus- suIt of the chronic conditions of dis- tomed to act in cases of calamity. The order, the crushing exactions of the war Society, however, did not see its way lords, the depredations of bandits, the clear to make favorable response. The enforced payment of confiscatory taxa- Committee of Reference and Counsel tion, and the crippling and consequent and the Federal Council's Committee ibneayboinldity a.of frtahcetiornailroofadsthetoir funnocrtmioanl on Mercy and Relief, feeling that the capacity-to these was added a severe situation was so desperate that some- drought which brought the whole to a thing must be done, set up a Famine traTghicatcltihmesaex;conditions do not present a Relief Committee, under the chairman- situation which can adequately be dealt ship of the Rev. Dr. S. Parkes Cad- with by a foreign emergency relief man, then President of the Federal agency; hence do not warrant an ap- Council. Most of his associates on the peal by the Red Cross to the generosity comm.ittee m e mb e r s f th e Coun- of TthheatACmheinriecsaenlepaedoeprles; would no doubt were 0 cil and secretaries of mission boards; give more thought to the removal of the the others being individuals selected causes which impoverish their people for their special knowledge of condi- and bring on such tragedies if they tions in China. A nation-wide appeal 'realized the necessity of assuming full responsibility for resulting relief was made and the gifts received en- needs; any acceptance of that responsi- abled the committee to send nearly a bility by foreign agencies cannot but million dollars to China. retard this all important result; It became evident ere long that the That the American Red Cross is con- attitude of the Red Cross was not tvrianlcegdovoenrlnymaenwt cisaen, csotrmomnga,ndsttahbelep, ocwenerneutral but distinctly unsympathetic. and resources and continuity of policy It did not publicly criticize the appeal necessary to lead China out of her con- for relief, but it 'notified its agents dition of disorder into a new era of ·t peace, security and prosperity; and is t h r o u gh o ut the count ry that was further convinced that disastrous condi- I not cooperating, and as people in local tions leading to continued suffering will communities naturally inquired of the constantly recur until such a. govern- local representatives of the Red Cross, ment comes into being.

its attitude soon became known. Sympathizing deeply as we do with the efforts of patriotic Chinese to bring Shortly after the inauguration of about these happy conditions we never- President Hoover, the China Famine theless believe that China' should be 126 permitted to work out her own salva- A statement issued November 6 by tion, and that to extend relief to her in the International Famine Relief Comthe. absence of conditions plainly due mission in Peking concurs in some of to an act of God-natural causes-but the considerations in the report of retards her ultimate recovery.

A further disquieting fact is that the American Red Cross but appeals the attitude of many foreigners in to the American People to give famine China, and of some Americans in pub- relief funds, "because thousands of lic life in this country, is less sympa- lives can be saved; and because those thetic with the Chinese than it was a starving are human beings and are few years ago. Many, both at home victims of natural and human circumand abroad have apparently lost all stances over which they have had no patience with the Chinese, and are contro!." The statement declares that disposed to think that, as long as the the total loss due to disturbed con- Chinese continue fighting among ditions during this famine is less than themselves, robbing and maltreating four hundred dollars, in a total of retheir own people, destroying their lief supplies and money handled by homes and seizing their seed and farm our organization of over a million dolimplements, nothing can wisely be lars. This experience shows that redone until they settle down to more lief is ppssible in spite of the disrupnormal conditions. tion of communications.

The Famine Relief Committee holds While a part of the famine area had that the just condemnation of un- rains, drought and floods will conscrupulous war lords is not a reason tinue famine conditions until at least why noncombatant villagers and peas- next June in the northwest over an ants should be abandoned to death; area of 450 miles square with a poputhat the sufferings on the Continent lation of 30,000,000 people, the severof Europe during and following the ity of which is increased by protrac- World War were caused by war con- tion and winter …… The Commission ditions, but that these did not prevent agrees that a stable Chinese governthe American people from doing what ment is needed to deal adequately with they could to relieve them; that while the famine problem, but it does not it is true that relief cannot be help- believe that the absence of such a fully administered in the war zones government is adequate ground for and in some isolated regions that are the suspension of nongovernmental redifficult of access, there are millions lief efforts in China any more than in of famine stricken Chinese in regions the suspension of relief undertakings that can be reached now; that winter in the United States where there is a is intensifying the sufferings of an stable government. impoverished people; that the China Famine Relief Committee has ade- The Commission believes that need quate facilities for prudently and ef- and practicability should determine a relief program and not political con- ficiently administering relief to these ditions, especially when the destitute people themselves are not responsible accessible millions through the Inter- for the political disturbances. This national Famine Relief Commission in was the attitude of the American peo- China, the Salvation Army, and the ple and the American Government in missionaries of various boards; that relieving the Near East and Russia. whatever may be the causes of the famine, humane people in America The Commission recognizes that the should deal with the existing situa- American Red Cross is perhaps not tion; and that it is heartless to leave justified in assisting now because of myriads of innocent and helpless wom- special conditions of that organization, en and children, as well as men, to a but it feels there is justified an appeal lingering death while "China should to the American people for money for be permitted to work out her own sal- relief in China in view of the extreme vation." seriousness of the situation. Since

natural causes have played a vital part of greater difficulty. The revolution- in creating the need, it believes that ary forces which operated upon the white peoples one at a time are ollerthe political misdeeds of those who ating simultaneously upon China. In Europe, the intellectual revival began have been in power should not be the in the thirteenth century, the religious reformation in the fifteenth century, cause of withholding relief from hu- the political revolution and the rise of democracy in the eighteenth century, man beings who need it. and the industrial revolution in the nineteenth century. Now the tremen- After careful and prolonged con- dously significant fact is that all these revolutionary forces have been opersideration, the Famine Relief Com- ating at once upon the vast population mittee in November decided to reduce of China. Thus five revolutions are impinging at one time upon those its staff to the lowest possible point swarming masses, anyone of which is in itself sufficient to upset a civiland to suspend, for the present, its ization. Vast social, intellectual, reli- gious, political, and industrial upheavactive appeals for relief funds until it als, which the western world met over a period of 600 years, are being let is clear what the situation during the loose on China in the space of one generation. coming winter and spring will be. It operated until December in coopera- tion with the Golden Rule Foundation which is one of the agencies which have followed the dissolution of the Near East Relief and which had voted in its appeal on Golden Rule Sunday, December 8th, to emphasize China as the area of the greatest and most urgent present need. A. J. B.

The Chaos in China The present chaos is therefore not surprIsmg. It is just what has hap- China is in chaos. At this writing, pened in other lands. Remember the a revolt of ominous proportions against long and tumultuous feudal era in the Nationalist Government has col- Europe, the Thirty Years' War, the lapsed, but the kaleidescope of Chi- Wars of the Roses in England, the nese events shifts so often and so Civil War in America, and the prorapidly that it would be unwise to longed unsettled period in the Ameripredict what the situation will be when can Southern States that followed it. these pages are read. It is painfully The readjustment in China is on a evident that many Americans and Eu- larger scale because an enormously ropeans, including some who have long larger population is involved in a vastbeen friends of China, are viewing the er territory and at a time that affords situation with despair. The high exceptional opportunities for unscruphopes that were raised by the found- ulous rival chieftains and roving baning of the Republic are dissolving, and opinion is freely expressed that the dits. Such a huge undisciplined mass Chinese are incapable of self-govern- could not be expected to find itself at ment and that the issue of the present once. But the old conditions can never civil wars will be either a Mongol Mus- be restored. For better or for worse solini who will restore order with an China has entered upon a new era. iron hand, or a modern J enghiz Khan Give the Chinese half the time that who, after crushing revolt, will mobil- Europe took in a like process, and we ize China's millions of fighting men believe that they will justify the opfor world conquest. timism of their friends rather than the pessimism of their critics. The Granting that the immediate outlook Chinese are a strong people with fine is dark, is the longer view necessarily qualities and we are persuaded that pessimistic? The Chinese are passing they will in time work through their through practically the same period of problems and take an important place transition that western nations have in the family of nations.

passed through, but under conditions We do not profess to predict what

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

the immediate future has in store. actively at work. It is true also that There are encouraging and discourag- the constructive force of the Gospel is ing factors. "Men ask us for the bot- at work, and that it is the mightiest tom facts," once exclaimed Dr. Arthur force of all. It has shown its over- H. Smith, of Peking. "They can't coming power in other lands and times, have them, because there is no bot- and it will show it again in China. A tom and there are no facts." recent traveler declares that it will We must not underestimate the dif- take 500 years to convert China. Well, ficulties of the situation. The hin- Christianity has been operating upon drances to the progress of the Gospel the Anglo-Saxon race for more than were at first suspicion, dense super- 1,500 years, and neither Great Britain stition, the inertia of centuries of nor America is converted yet. No stagnation, fear and dislike of any- other cities in the world have had the thing associated with white men, and Gospel preached to them for a longer entrenched non-Christian faiths. Some period than London, Edinburgh and of these hindrances still exist, but oth- Glasgow; but Christians in those ers are showing unmistakable signs cities confess that they are appalled of disintegration. New hindrances, by the wickedness in them. Even if however, are developing. Knowledge it does take 500 years to convert of western nations is bringing new China, which has nearly three times temptations., Some Chinese have as many people as Great Britain and thrown off the old conservatism to be- America combined, it would not be a come as volatile as the Athenians who reason for withholding the truths eagerly sought "some new thing," and which transform every man who ac- social and religious vagaries are find- cepts them. We do not refuse to give ing virgin soil for a rank growth of China our medical science because dis- fantastic "isms." It is easier to eases still prevail in America, and no change political institutions than to more should we refuse to give Chris- change character so that institutions tian teaching because some at home which are theoretically better will be still ignore or reject it.

practically operative. There is to be a Grant that the evangelization of new China, but whether it is to be China is a big task, and it certainly is, better or worse than the old depends we may be cheered by the progress largely upon whether the Christian that is being made, and by the evidence men of the West will strengthen the that Christianity has taken root so forces which make for righteousness. that there is a church which is well There is immense opportunity for established and certain to grow. We missionary work in China, but it must may be encouraged, too, by the fact be done amid new social and political that the churches contain a larger complications, the upheaval of Chinese number of Christians of the second society, surging currents and counter- and third generation, and are attractcurrents of a new era, increasing anti- ing men of intelligence who are fitted' foreign spirit, and the stubborn feeling of multitudes that Christianity is for leadership. The Christian movenot only identified with foreign ideas ment is gaining strength and momenbut is subversive of the ancestral worship to which the Chinese tenaciously tum, and the larger faith and sounder character of men who are at a farther remove from original heathenism.

cling. We are impressed by the fidelity and But there is another side. It would enthusiasm of the missionaries and not be fair, as it would not be Chris- also by the example of Chinese Chris- tian, to consider the difficulties of the tians who, amid toil and poverty and future apart from the influence which sometimes persecution, are serving the Gospel of Christ has in modifying their Lord with gladness of heart. "A those difficulties. It is true that the growing church among a strong peo- forces of evil and demoralization are ple, the spirit of life working against 4

the forces of death and decay in the Are Missionaries Responsible for one great pagan empire which the wrecks of millenniums have left on ~1.nti-Forcign l"eeljng~ the earth-surely there is .a call to service that might fire the spirit of Many critics are alleging that misthe dullest of us." If this was true sionaries are responsible and that the when Dr. Gibson wrote it years ago, resultant embarrassment to commerhow much more is it true now when cial interests and international relathe burden of that decadent pagan tions is serious. Fair-minded Chinese empire has been cast off and the and well informed resident foreigners mighty spirit of life given freer and emphatically deny this charge. more majestic scope. A volume would be required to quote How soon and how adequately wiII the appreciative words of Asiatic and the Christian churches of the West African princes, nobles, magistrates meet the extraordinary opportunity and people, wherever they have bewhich China now offers? It produces come acquainted with the real chara feeling of impatience when one is acter and objects of the missionaries told that all missionary plans must be and have been able to separate them contingent upon "the settlement of po- from the white men who have political litical negotiations," "the maintenance or commercial designs. Missionaries of a strong foreign military and naval today are far more popular with the force in China," "the thwarting of people than any other foreigners. Soviet Russia's plans for supremacy," They travel freely, unarmed and unand several other things. We cannot, protected, and it is comparatively selindeed, be indifferent to the course of dom that they are molested. When political events or to their bearing they are attacked, it is by a class of upon the missionary problem. But ruffians who, in the slums of an Amerineither can we make our obedience to can city, attack a Chinese gentleman Christ and our duty to our fellow men on the streets. dependent upon political considerations. For Christian men to "wait It is significant that during all the until China is pacified," or "until she turmoil of recent years in China, not is enlightened by the dissemination of a single missionary was molested by truer conceptions of the western the local Chinese who knew them, and world," would be to abdicate their re- that the only cases of violence were sponsibility as the chief factor in committed by bandits and undiscibringing about a better state of af- plined soldiers from other places who fairs. Is the church prepared to aban- attacked them not because they were don the field to the diplomat, the missionaries but indiscriminately assoldier, the trader? How soon is saulted, looted and kidnapped not only China likely to be pacified by them, foreigners, missionaries and non-misjudging from their past acts? The sionaries alike, but Chinese who were Gospel is the primary need of China suspected of possessing money or valutoday. The period of unrest is not ables. Thousands of non-Christian the time for the messenger of Christ Chinese grievously suffered in this to hold his peace, but to declare with way for every missionary who suffered new zeal and fidelity his splendid min- in person or property. Indeed when istry or reconciliation'. When, in all the lawless troops from a distant provthe history of the world, has such a ince sacked Nanking and shot the fa- God-given summons come to the fol- mous missionary John Williams, local lowers of Christ as to us of today? Chinese were overwhelmed with sor- row, hid many of the missionaries in A. J. B. their homes, supplied them with food and aided them to escape. A. J. B.

fTHOI)S fOR

EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions Before leaving for his world study ages symbolized wealth, was chosen of the missionary enterprise, Mr. Pier- for possessions.

son asked the editor of this department Confident that the Society had to give through it the outstanding reached the place where solid food in methods used in the five years leading stewardship study should take the up to the Sixtieth Anniversary of the place of our milk-bottle leaflets and Woman's Foreign Missionary Society stories, S. D. Gordon was asked to of the Methodist Episcopal Church. write for intensive study in 1926, a The meeting was held in Columbus, book on "Five Laws Governing Ohio, October 24-31, 1929. Hundreds Prayer"; Doctor R. H. Walker to of women were expected from all parts write for 1927 a study book on "The of the United States; but, thousands Master Personality"; Miss Clemen- came making overflow services neces- tina Butler to write for 1928 a study sary for practically every session of book on "Ownership"; for 1929 Mrs.

the anniversary days. Fine talent was F. H. Sheets prepared a review study so abundant that these meetings were under the title "Three Ways to Hap- easily programed. piness." These books were studied by thousands of older and younger wom- PREPARATORY METHODS en who are now praising God for lifted Usable by Boards and Other Groups vision and enlarged horizon. The pres- ence of the Holy Spirit in so marked, I. Christian Stewardship was almost miraculous, a way throughout placed at the heart of every method to the sixtieth anniversary is largely, if the end that The Christ might be kept not entirely, due to the volume of inconstantly at the center of thought and telligent, definite, law abiding prayer activity. In 1924 a Missionary Cycle ascending from hundreds of thousands was decided upon for the second half of persons all over the world who were of the decade with the object in view asking for a pentecostal enduement of of drawing the there and the here power for greater service. more closely together in the bond of the Spirit through the study and prac- THE PATRONS' GIFT for tice of Threefold Christian Stewardship-prayer, personality, possessions. THE RETIREMENT FUND In order to visualize the stewardship work of the cycle, green was chosen II. A missionary organization in to symbolize prayer; as in the last operation for fifty-five years must face analysis all physical life depends upon the problem of an increasingly large the green of God's world, just so does retirement list of missionaries. $1,- all spiritual life depend upon prayer: 250,000 as endowment was found nec- crimson was chosen to symbolize per- essary. "The Patrons' Gift" plan was sonality; this had a twofold reason, used during three years to help in first-symbolic of His Blood that was raising $340,000 of this amount.

shed for us, second-symbolic of our The success of this method was intention to rededicate our lives to thrillingly visualized at the Sixtieth Him: purple, which has through the Anniversary by means of an art-mus- 131

COPY OF "PATRONS' GIFT" LEAFLET (Cover) 1 ~– ——-~- —- ' -'–' " — 1869 Birth Year IflIWIlmllllllllllJIJJlJllIIJ lJII lllll lllllllll11111111 1lllJIIIIIIIlllllllll111111n111111J111II1 11Ii 11111 11 1929 Sixtieth Anniversary Our Sixtieth Anniversary Fund THE H Patrom' Gift" Leaflet SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY FUND MISS ELIZABETH RUSSELL FOR RETIRED MISSIONARI:f;S For·ty Years a Missionary in Japan $340,000 How beaut-;ful aTe the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and To raise this fund by 1929, sixty b1'ing glad tidings of good things! thousand patrons are called for, who -Rot/tans 10: 15 (King James Version). for the glory of the work accomplished and to be accomplished will make a tJlIII Illll1II1IIIIJlllllllllllllllllllllllll11!11111l1l111lllilll llll1l111l11111111111111111111111111111111 1111, gift of five dollars each, over and above their usual givings.

Memorial memberships will also add to this fund.

Find your place of geographical re- sponsibility in the following list and make yourself or someone else a pat- ron at once by the payment of five dollars which covers the entire time up to 1929.

Number of patrons required by branches per year, 1927, 1928, and 1929: New England ……… . … . 550 New york …………… .. 3,370 Philadelphia …….. . ….. . 3,105 Baltimore ………… .. .. . 620 Cincinnati ………. , . . … . 3,640 Northwestern ……. . ….. . 5,210 Des Moines ……. ,., ….. . 2,030 Minneapolis '" _…. , ….. . 280 Topeka ………. . , .. . , … . 1,400 Pacific … . .. . .. ,.' … , … . 1,620 Columbia River ……. , … . 275 lin banner one hundred yards long iness man of New York, where the carried to music by the eleven branch envelopes were purchased. in Old presidents and eleven others, across Chinatown, and where they were the great eighty-five foot platform. On printed. The wOI'd "Christ" was not the banner were sixty thousand stars printed on the envelope because the in a rich blue, each representing a $5 translator explained that so many of patron gift or the equivalent. The them would necessarily fall on the banner was the gift of the Lexington floor from the small hand press and Conference and was made by a young would be tramped 'on; his keen spirnegro man-an artist-in compliment itual sense would not permit it. to his mother. The amount asked for in these con- III. "The Incense Gift," called in tainers was placed within the reach Europe "Gratitude Gift." This little of all: in 1927-58c; 1928-59c; Chinese envelope in red and white was 1929-60c. This method placed on the chosen as the container for this gift. altar in 1929, $50,204; in the three The Chinese translation of the words, years, $137,645. Each year the "Grat- "In Gratitude to Christ a Holy Gift," itude Gift" was gathered by the local was made by a Christian Chinese bus- auxiliaries on or about March 23d.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

COpy OF "PATRONS' GIFT" LEAFLET (Continued) II III lVOT UNUSUAL To become a Patron of the Sixtieth Anniversary Fund of the Woman's Not an unusal person, except in Foreign Missionary Society of the courage and consecration, was that Methodist Episcopal Church, I encIo'se young woman who sailed away to with real joy my gift of five dollars, parts unknown some twenty-five or that the steps of the retired missionthirty years ago as a missionary of aries on the King's Highway may be the Woman's Foreign Missionary So- attended with peace and a measure of ciety. comfort.

Not unusual, except in dogged per- Name ……………………..•• severance and eager desire to preach the Gospel, was that same young wom- Address …….. ……………..• an as, year after year, she fought homesickness, the depressing atmos- Conference ……… , …….. , … . phere of heathenism, the bitter disappointments which too often are a missionary's lot.

Not unusual, except in unselfish devotion to a great call, was she, as she gladly gave up all idea of material compensation and lived on a salary barely large enough to meet the simplest needs and leaving no margin for savings.

Not unusual today, except in the gracious beauty which comes from long and intimate fellowship with God, is this retired missionary of ours. Not unusual, except in the power of the thought of her to make you and me eager to build, safe and strong, the Retirement Fund which cares for her declining years.

India, Germany and other countries Long before eight o'clock they began to arrive, afoot, by bullock cart and by joined in this gift but their amounts motor. There were day schools which came en masse and from city schools a are not in the above figures. The fol- cart load of women and children came in conveyance with the curtains closely lowing from Hyderabad gives the story drawn. There were teachers and ex- teachers; students and exstudents, of one conference. Christians and non-Christians. The as~ sembly and adjacent rooms of the Stan- In respons~ to the invitation of the ley Girls' High School could hardly hold Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, the crowd that day although they had the Hyderabad Conference laid plans to been carefully seated and no space was celebrate the 60th Anniversary of the unoccupied. A conservative estimate Society and to bring our Love Offerings reckoned the number at more than 500. and Incense Gifts to the birthday party. While we had celebrated last year also At 9: 30 A. M. the program began by and the Incense Gifts had amounted to singing the Woman's Foreign Missionary Rs. 312/ -yet we hoped to have a larger Society 60th Anniversary hymn "The part in the festivities this year. King's Highway" and for more than an In Hyderabad, invitations were sent ho~r we were entertained by songs, recito the ladies of the English, Urdu and tatIOns, pageants, and a short history of Telugu congregations both members or the Society. But to many the climax of friends: also to exstudents and to the mothers of many of our pupils.

the day was in the collection, for in the GIFTS FROM KINDERGARTENS, hand of each person was clutched a little red striped envelope containing their DAY SCHOOLS, HIGH SCHOOLS, Incense Gifts or Love Offering to be sent to the dear Woman's Foreign Missionary COLLEGES Society. Sometimes their envelope was very "thin and flat containing only one or IV. After two years of careful contwo copper coins: again another was so sideration it was agreed to invite the full that it was literally bursting. While young people, boys and girls in the the ladies in America were putting 60 schools supported by the Society to send samples of their work. Packages 1927 began to arrive late in 1928; they continued to come until it seemed that 58e every ship that docked for the last seven months brought bundles of love 19Z8 from those of "The Family" at the ends of the earth. In round numbers 5ge these tokens numbered over 380,000. In addition, the older folks sent many 1929 lovely and inspiring gifts. At the close of the Columbus meeting these GOc were divided among the home base secretaries for distribution among the auxiliaries in city, town, hamlet and countryside so that every adult mem- ber in the United States may have a "love touch" with her life investment at the ends of the earth. One little gift from Africa bore the legend in a scrawly little hand, "Is so happy." A scene in Korea, painted by Mr. Arthur Pak an artist, was given in honor of his mother who was the first Bible- woman in Korea. It is valuable and is to be exchanged for gold which will be sent for work in Ehwa-Haktang, Seoul, Korea, the only school for high- er learning for girls in all Korea.

The far reach of this plan in behalf of mutual understanding and good will cannot be estimated. One woman of large wealth remarked, at the close of the Mexico program when the gifts from that country were explained, "I never before was even interested in Mexico; she now has my heart."

cents into similar envelopes our school COUNTRY GIFTS girls felt very happy if they could bring 60 dubs-ninety-six dubs make a H.S. V. One by one various countries rupee and it in turn is worth about began to arrange to send what was twenty-eight cents. Many others who named a "Country Gift" which was in could not bring so much had sixty half every case for the Sunrise Communion dubs in their bags. Still others had Service on October 30th. smaller amounts while some who had more means put in 60 annas-over a dol- South Africa, a deer and baby Jeoplar-and a few gave even more than ard rug to be placed under the mahogthat. The total was B. G. Rs. 136/. any communion table which was sent by Japan; Mexico, the linens exquis- itely embroidered and also a fine Span-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

ish Bible; Italy, the linens for the The Columbus service as reported eleven Bread plates of brass sent by by Miss Effie A. Merrill, editor of the Korea; Philippine Islands, a banana Friend, follows: cloth altar cloth of lovely design; Bul- garia, a hand made altar rug; North THE SUNRISE COMMUNION Africa, a kneeling rug seventy feet long and made in units of ten feet each SERVICE bearing the Arabic inscription "The Peace of God"; India, five three- Who shall describe that communion branch brass candelabra over five feet service! This Memorial Hall became high; stewardship colors being worked the vestibule of heaven to our souls. into the cross pieces; Netherlands To this place people began to come at East Indies, two gold brass plates; one-thirty A. M. The doors were France, an exquisite pewter set for opened at five. For hours the apthe Wine; China, twenty-two "Lac- proaches and plaza had been packed. quer 14" trays bearing on all four At three o'clock they began singing sides the stewardship emblem in colors "Nearer My God to Thee" and other and 3,491 communion cups some of hymns of praise. Within a few mothem having been made in the royal ments after the opening, at five o'clock, potteries of Kiangsi. the thousands had filled the auditori- um to the very roof and long before Through this demonstration of love the appointed hour, the door keepers many of the missionaries say that were turning away those who would their lists of "the interested" have enter. been greatly enlarged. Many whom the missionaries had not before even In solemn hush, Bishop Fraser Mcthought of as friends or seekers asked Dowell came to stand beside the table. for the privilege of giving toward the gift. "How Firm a Foundation" was sung. Then as the stately ritual of SUNRISE COMMUNION SERVICE consecration of the Bread and the Wine was read and the prayers of AROUND THE WORLD penitence and consecration rose, there appeared pictured on the wall on one VI. Among the initial methods was side "Christ in Gethsemane"–on the that of a Sunrise Communion Service other, "He is the propitiation for our which should encircle the earth with sins, and not for ours only but for the prayer, and rededication to the active sins of the whole world." service of The Christ. The date, October 30, 1929. Letters were sent to At either side were the tables and every mission station asking if they at the call the altar was filled, comwould like to join in such a service. municants standing two deep, at the The response was quick and heartfelt. beginning, and later they came first The following program in its simplic- from one side, then the other and stood ity was mutually agreed upon: five deep. The quietness of the massed worship was of undescribable power. Opening service of song. For three hours the service continued, Season of prayer. before the benediction was pronounced. Communion Service. Were any omitted from the table of Song, "Jesus the Light of the the Lord? Yes, even here, where it is World" (to be translated and where computed that 4,100 received emblems possible by a National). of His death- and resurrection, some were missed in the moving throng. A service of personal witness as to Christ's redeeming power. And so it Looking on this and on the days of came about that at sunrise on October this meeting from its beginning to its 30 such a service was held in churches, end, Bishop Frank W. Warne said: . under trees, in homes, in school.houses, by the seaside and riverside clear "Stupendous, spiritual, the Pentearound the world. cost outpouring of the Holy Spirit for which we are praying, has begun at Columbus. Let us continue to pray

that Pentecost power may come to our of seventeen intercessors, carefully se- people here in the United States and lected from different parts of the Unit- in all lands." ed States, began to pray. One by one and in most unexpected ways many of MISSIONARIES SENT OUT DURING ihe first twenty givers were found; SIXTY YEARS VISUALIZED some of the incidents connected with VII. Thirteen hundred and ninety- these remind us of Holy Writ. They six missionaries had been sent to nine- continued to be given until, when the teen countries during the sixty years. list was called on the evening of Oc- 1,396 silk flags 10×12 inches and tober 30, one hundred and twelve mounted on 22 inch ebony staffs were checks or vouchers were placed by made by Annin Co., New York. The these consecrated women or their repnumber of fllgs of each country cor- resentatives in the precious Burmese responded to the number of mission- Bowl of hand wrought silver sent as aries sent to it during the sixty years. a gratitude gift to "Mother Society" by the loyal friends in Burma. This lovely feature was visualized in the great balcony of Memorial Hall, Every missionary society has womwhere the program of the anniversary en to whom has been given the talent days was given. The foreign secre- of gold; many of these are waiting taries stood together at the front of for some woman with a different kind the platform and as the roll was called of talent to show her where to place each responded with the name of her $1,000. You ask God to reveal to field and the total number of mission- you the person; test your witness aries sent, from the beginning, to that to see if it is of yourself or of Himcountry. When the leader called "Eu- if it is of Him-go and you will find rope, twenty-eight," the audience saw the person prepared for your appeal. We turned aside from three who twenty-eight wildly waving flags in would have given, but grudgingly. the balcony; then in rapid succession None but joyful givers could be enthe other countries were called; when rolled with such a sacred group. "China, 395" was reached and "India, 480," there was thrilling applause. The following excerpt from the Then to make it more impressive, the ExeC1ttive Daily will give you the spirwhole 1,396 were asked to stand while itual atmosphere in which the entire all waved their flags exultantly and seven days program was bathed.

sang, led by that prince of assembly "Gratitude to the Christ for results leadership, Homer Rodeheaver, "Tell achieved through sixty years" flashed the "handwriting on the wall," as echoes of It Out Among the Nations." Almost the Treasurer's message lingered in our in the twinkling of an eye the visual- minds, – $41,805,000, a broad golden ization was accomplished but the great stream that has flowed through the audience had a new conception of the Treasury out to the far-flung battle-line; greatness of this sixty years of service. gold transmuted into life in the name of the Christ and for His dear sake.

"THE SIXTY" One by one, the Home Base Secretaries bring the incense gifts-a cent a member for each year of the Society's life thrice VIII. In October, 1928, the Anni- repeated-$137,000 laid at his feet. versary Committee was authorized to pray earnestly that guidance would be The star shines from the top of the granted in seeking out -sixty women Christmas tree, strains of "We Three Kings of the Orient Are" from the or- within the membership of the Society, chestra, and the men of the East sing while the women of the West bring their who would make an offering of $1,000 gifts of $l,OOO-not sixty Women, but one hundred twelve, to the glory of His name each to care for items which could not who gave His life that they might live: otherwise be met. These were to be known as "The Sixty." Plans were One by one they come, reverently as in prayer, and a hush comes over the great prayerfully made. It was understood multitude–for the King is there. Into that this gift of $60,000 was to be the silver bowl sent by the women of especially sacred. In its behalf a band Burma fell the gifts, one who pledged is

METHODS FOR WORKERS

watching from the gloryland as her sister We in Columbus took up the song and drops her gift with a white rose in her with them joined to pledge ourselves to name. 'Walk in the light, beautiful light, The names were read solemnly,-slowly, Jesus the Light of the world.'

one by one, stewards of God they are, and Thousands of stewardship candles have we. The Holy Spirit broods over all, and burned in homes allover the world, so we feel ourselves possessed by the great in a real sense in a great circle of light, unseen presence. We are His, the gold we have been bound together with chains is His, we are one with that great com- of glory about the feet of the Redeemer." pany round the world consecrating anew the life He bought, the gold He gave, "This is the most thrilling moment of the powers He would unloose. my whole life," said Mrs. Nicholson, the beautiful mother spirit of the great So- Charlotte Anderson, a senior at Ohio ciety, and she voiced the feeling of "the Wesleyan, takes down the sacred reliq- five thousand," for we were of one accord uary for Bishop Warne to open. Mrs. in one place, and had all things common. Burt Smith places there the book where the names are written to be taken to Tre- "Have peace among you," flashed the mont Street Church in the room where writing from one side of the wall, and the Society was born. Bishop Warne from the other side, "I am the Way." prays God's blessing upon the $112,000, that it may be multiplied, and that souls From the depths of a wondrous rich, may be born into the Kingdom from this consecrated spirit, Senor Capelli voiced in giving. beautiful song the Saviour's promise: Triumphal music rises from the great "If with all your hearts ye truly seek Me orchestra as the flags of the nations are Ye shall surely find me," raised by their representatives in national costume. T.hey stand back on either and then going to the old rugged cross side of the great world way-the flags on the right of the platform, where were forming a frame at the top. What a gathered the representatives of the nathrill as they go up, and with the raising tions who had read the cables, Senor of Old Glory the audience rises, and from Capelli continued with deep feeling: the gallery 1,396 flags flutter in response, flags of the 19 countries to which 1,396 "I will cherish the old rugged cross, missionaries have gone these sixty years, Till my trophies at last I lay down, and all nations join in the swelling chor- I will cling to the old rugged cross, us of "The Star Spangled Banner." And exchange it some day for a crown."

On the world map which covers the The sense of God's presence was comentire back of the platform a ray of pelling and it was from the soul that the electric light flashes from Calcutta to great hallelujah chorus broke forth from Columbus as Helen Tupper reads a cable- the vested choir, joined by Senor Capelli, organ and harp. gram from India. Another stream of light from Hammer- "The Lord God of hosts, King of kings, reigneth! And He shall reign forever fest, northernmost city of Scandinavia, and ever." and a cablegram from the Women's Foreign Missionary Society of Sweden, num- "Forward together" flashed the writbering 6,000 members. Singapore- ings on the wall at the left–and the vi- Algiers-Tokyo, Paris, Manila, Dresden, sion of the Christ on the right. Shanghai, China, Old Umtali, Rangoon, Budapest, Methodist women of Mexico, Five trumpeters bearing the steward- Lovetch, Seoul, Zurich, Vienna, Rome, ship colors, emerald, crimson and purple, Quessua, Montevideo, Buenos Aires, Pe- sounded forth "taps" and Mrs. Nicholson king: each read by a national representa- declared the sixtieth annual meeting of tive-till light streamed from Columbus the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, to the uttermost parts of the earth and General Executive Committee, at an end. the globe was encircled with light. Then sounded "Reveille," for this is not the end but the beginning of the great "As the rising sun round the world enterprise, and with one voice the great proclaimed the coming- of a grand new company pledged itself for the next step. day," spoke Mrs. Lindsay, "so girls and women round the world this day pro- "Forward together – to know the claimed the coming of the Son of Right- Christ and to make Him known"-and eousness, rededicating their lives to know benediction was pronounced by Bishop Him and make Him known. Together Oldham. they partook of the Holy Communion, and sang each in her own tongue: SOME OF THE CABLES 'Hail the heaven born Prince of Peace, 'I. CALCUTTA. Jesus the Light of the world. Hail the Sun of Righteousness, (mATEFUL GREETINGS DEAR DEVOTJoJD Jesus the Light of the world.' .WYOUS LIGH'r RENDERS AND LIGH'~ BEARERS NOW RE.TOICrNG WITH THANKS- (HVING TO JESUS THE LIGH'!, OF THE WORI.D FOR HIS ENABLTNG AND BLFlRR- ING WORTHY IS HE TO RECEIVE HONOR

RICHES GLORY AND BI,ESSINGS TO VERSARY 0 R G A N I Z A T ION W II I C H f'RRIST OUR LORD AND SAVIOUR BE ALL BROUGHT US LWHT AND IN NAME LORD THE GLORY THE GLADNESS IS OURS. .TESUS CHRIST PLEDGE OURSELVES FOI,- LOW TORCH BEARERS TO THOSE STILI, MARY REED. IN DARKNESS.

(Perhaps al1 readers may know that Miss )!A THEIN NYUN. Rt'ed ,contracted l~prosy as a young missionary and ,vithout saying anything to her family OLD UMTALI, A~'RIC.. and friends aft!?]" the final diagnosis, l"{'turnpd to India to minist",r to those who were lepers. FOR PRAYERS AND HELP FOR REDE~IP­ She was healed but chOSF! to remain as OIl{' of 'rION A~'RICA WE ~'IIAXK YOU MAY GODS Christ's special ambassadors to these stricken NAME BE MAGNIFIED. FARAH. ones.) nUDAPEW!'. LUCKNOW, INDIA. I.OVING GREETINGS AND GRATITUDE HUNGARIAN FOR E I G N MISSIONARY WO)IEN SEND GREETINGS WITH FIRS'!' FOR YOUR LOVE AND GIFTS THROUGH SIXTY YEARS. EPISTLE PETER SECOND CHAPTER NINTH VERSE. MARTHA FUNK. ISABELLA THOBURN COLLEGE. ~IONTEVIDEO. TOKIO, JAPAN. THIS DAY THE LOVE OF' CHRIST MAKES REJOICE WI'l'II YOU ON THIS GLAD AN- NIVERSARY A:'D GIVE CHRIST GLORY. THE BOND BETWEEN OUR HEARTS AND YOURS ETERNAL. BERTHA TUDDENHAM.

FURUTA. ROME. FIRST CORlN1'HIAXS THREE TWENTY (Prosidont of Missionary Society of Japan, Methodist Church.) TWO TWEN'I'Y THREE. INES SERRER!.

HAM~rE!{PEST. ZURICH.

LOVING GREETINGS FROM CONGREGA- UNITED BY OUR REDEEMERS LOVE WE TION IN NORTHERNlIOS1' CITY IN THE MUST BE A BLESSING TO THE WORLD. WORLD. MELINE RODEMYER. MYRTLE I,. WADE FRIDMAN ROSSBORG. LOVETCH, BULGARIA. HELP UPLIF'l' SINGAPORE. BULGA!{IAN WOMEN TZVETANOVA. CHRIS'!' CON Q L E R IN G UNIVERSAl, CHRIST GREETINGS. BRO'J'HERHOOD COJoIING '!'O CROSS ROADS OF WORLD ALL R.CES AND CLARSES SEOUL, KOREA. WO!{KING FOR ,fALAYAS SALVATION. IN THE NA~IE OB' OUR CO~IMON FATHER KWAN S. NAL. AND HIS SON THI~ ONLY SAVIOUR OF 'l'HE WORLD WE SEND l'RAYERFUL GREE,!,- ALGIERS. HEVELA'I'IONS 15: 6 EPHESIANS 1: 16. INGS. ES'I'HER HONG.

~IAHANIE. .ilIALANGE, AF'RICA. LIFE THROUGH CHRIST IN AFRICA. GRENOBLE, FRANCE. QUESSUA GIHLS SCHOOL. IN EVERY PLACE YOUR FAITH TO GOD- CALCUT'l'A, INDIA. WARD IS GONE FORTH SALUTATIONS. CONGRATULATIONS AND CIIRIS'I'IAN MANILA. GREETINGS FROM '1'WO HUNDRED THOU- THE ISLES AWAIT HIS LAW PHILIP- SAND METRODIS,[' WOMEN AND GIRLS IN INDIA CHRIST BROUGH'!' EMANCIPATION PINE D.I.UGHTERS. '1'0 OUR MOTHERS HE MAKES POSSIBLE INEZ GODOY. 1'HE ABUNDANT LIFE FOR US AND HE S'L'ANDS AS THE ONE ROPE FOR OUR VIENNA. NON CHRISTIAN SISTERS FOR A RE- 'I'HE METHODIST WO:'IEN OF AUSTRIA DEE~IED LIFE IN THIS WORLD AND ETERNAL LIFE BEYOND HELP US LIF'I' JOIN IN WORK AXD PRAYER WITH IInl UP. GREETINGS FRO:.! PSAL)I 126: 2-3. SATYAVA'.rI CHITAMBAR. SHANGHAI. MRS. PAN"-'ELL JOSE. DEAR MOTHER LOVING GREE'l'INGS BUENOS AYRES. FROM CHINA ~'HE CUP OF BLESSIXG WHICH WE BLESS IS IT NOT THE CO~I­ JESUS ONLY THROUGH lInI WE CAN ~IUNION OF THE BLOOD OF CHRIST. BE BETTER DO MORE. BROWN.

IDA KAHN. MEXICO CITY. (A dil'ect lineal descendant of Confucius.) MEXICAN METHODIST WOllEN JOIN RANGOON. WORLD CHORUS OE' PRAYER AND PRAISE TESTIMONY BURMA METHODIST WO)IEN 'I'HANKFUI, FOR KNOWLEDGE OF LIVING CHRIST SENT BY YOU. SECOND CORINTHIANS ~'OUR SIX WE PRAY GOD'S BLESSING SIXTIETH ANNI- UARIA A. TOVAR.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretary, Council of Women for Home Missions YOUTH AND MISSIONARY ics, which are being used, dynamic, instead of the 'dead' nature they are EDUCATION now in so many groups?"-L. M. E.

At a recent meeting the following "Our own communion is making its came from leaders in denominational major work the creation of a comand interdenominational groups deal- pletely correlated and integrated age ing with young people's work. level program for intermediates, sen- iors, and young people. We want that "Interpretation of the missionary it shall be dominantly missionary and enterprise in modern terminology yet that missions shall be so integrated which reveals the variety of work done into the total program that it will not and the central place of friendliness in seem to be tacked on and will be a the whole program is much needed."- part of the life process of character H. S. L. education itself."-C. P. M.

"What can be done to remove the "The missionary emphasis and enprejudice that exists in the thinking terprise will never get across with of so many young people against the young people in the largest way as a term 'missionary'? So very many purely separate appeal; in that way young people have come to dislike that it has to run the hurdle in the human term, not realizing that an entirely mind of a popular misinterpretation new content and interpretation has of 'missions' and of 'the heathen.' The been put into the whole missionary missionary purpose becomes most powenterprise. A good many of our most erful in a human life when it emerges alert young people, particularly those as an inevitable expression of some who have come in contact with stu- central purpose or philosophy of life dents from other lands and have wit- that the individual has come to accept nessed the revolt on the part of those and to work out in experience.-P. H. people against some of the things that have entered into or followed the mis- sionary enterprise of past generations, "With denominational programs so are frankly not interested in a mis- well worked out in most denominations sionary program. To reach the masses and with a closer getting together of of young people with a new under- the religious education and the misstanding of this term is very difficult." sionary education forces within de- -E. M. nominations, it is becoming increas- "The young people's society is one ingly difficult to set up apart from all the other religious education a proof our finest opportunities, and the gram which can be distinctly missionstudy book plan will never reach most ary."-E. D. G. of these societies."-H. T. S. "There are various aspects of the "Christian Endeavor Societies and missionary enterprise today which other Young People's Societies are would be very interesting to students meeting month after month with a provided they were presented in the missionary topic each month, which right way. For example, students has been most inadequately treated. would be intensely interested in the Material prepared for such groups has missionary colleges in various lands, a far wider use and influence than any but there is no up-to-date description emphasis on specialized missionary Or- of them as a whole. About all you ganizations. Would there be any pos- can get is material prepared for fisibility of cooperative preparation and nancial campaigns, and that does not use of material to help make these top- 139

meet the need. Another subject that "We do need better pictures and would interest students is a survey of charts."-M. E. M. missionary hospitals, but there again there is no modern presentation that "I wonder if it would be possible I know of, that takes into view the to have the young people of various whole range of such work including countries themselves making a collecall denominations …… Weare very tion for general exchange of their dissatisfied with the fragmentary de- typical games and of folklore which nominational presentation …… Even could be translated or dramatized."- a map showing all the colleges, or one C.M.B. showing all the hospitals would be a help. "It would be a splendid thing if some sort of missionary project could be "There is one effective means of gotten under way that might dramareaching students that we are not us- tize and make concrete the missionary ing to the full, and that is the bulletin enterprise. The work accomplished board …… For one thing there could be issued each month (or oftener) a under the International Student Resmall poster consisting of an attrac- lief might well serve as an example tive picture with an appropriate cap- to us. I doubt if the American undertion, and a quotation or remark. Of graduates would have gotten up very course, the quotations, etc., would have much enthusiasm in making contributo be carefully worded and would have tions to European construction in the to embody a genuine Christian spirit abstract, but when they were told of the and not be simply sublimated imperial- actual physical needs of hundreds and ism, as so much of our missionary thousands of students and young peopropaganda has been in the past, and ple on the continent and were given to alas, still is! The cost might be ma- see that their dollars were sent on terially reduced by borrowing cuts errands of mercy and reconstruction from missionary periodicals. They they responded eagerly."-W. V. K. could be used in wayside pulpits and other such places. "Could there be available a list of speakers for young people's rallies who "Students for the most part, will no can present the missionary movement longer come to see stereopticon lec- in a gripping way-a list of those in tures, but they will come to see movies various parts of the country, with inif they are good. . . . .. The success of formation regarding what they might the play 'The Color Line' shows what can be accomplished by well written, expect in way of remuneration to guide easily acted plays. But the old plays program committees, and help make that talk about foot binding and child these many meetings more helpful? marriage, will not do in college com- Have we not all depended too much on munities where the susceptibilities of our own, and so lost a wider vision at foreign students are likely to be hurt. times?"-L. M. E. There are, however, lots of modern situations which could be dramatized, "Would it be possible to establish showing the common responsibility of direct mail communication between East and West in a changing world, if groups of young people in this country we could only find the dramatists."- and groups of young people across the C. H. C. seas? While it might be that some difficulties would arise in the way of "I am struck by the particular pos- translating messages, yet no doubt sibilities of visual presentation. About this could be overcome in some way. eighty per cent of all we learn comes through the eye and I think that we A great many people travel and if ought to magnify that means of edu- they have already established some cation more than we have done in the points of contact in other lands and past."-R. L. E. then should in the course of travel visit that country they would at once have a peculiar interest, or it might even work that the fact that they had

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

corresponded with somebody would that it is simply 'another religion.' In lead them to travel."-E. H. S. our effort to wipe out bitter prejudice between people of various faiths, we "Statistics show that the majority have gone so far as to create a feeling of young people who give themselves that 'any religion' is all right so long to missionary service volunteer before as a man lives up to it …….. Many college years. Unless missions are young people feel that until we can properly presented to precollege youth 'clean up' at home we have no right to we are certain to have young men and try to evangelize others …… We must women purposing to become mission- make it clear that whereas we may aries on the strength of motives which have no right to thrust our civilizaare unreal, which cannot stand the tion upon others, yet we must be tiretest of more mature thinking, and less in sharing (not thrusting) our which therefore cannot last. It is pa- gospel with others who have not heard thetic to find college students turning it, or have not accepted it.-J. G. H. away from their missionary purpose after several years in college because From a recent college graduate came they discover that their first interest this: "1 feel very strongly that a zest in missions was one under emotional for missionary education is in proporstress or by a presentation of need tion to the intensity of a student's highly colored and often untrue to own religion. When people are in facts. 1 hope that our young people's doubt about their own position, they organizations will strengthen their are hesitant about spreading the faith. Sunday programs along vocational guidance lines; and I also look for- "Most college students' judgments ward to the preparation within the about missions are based on the connext few years of missionary literature ception of missionaries they had when especially designed to meet the needs they were children. The typical 'misof preparatory school boys and girls." sionary' made the savages civilized by -M.T.S. changing their habits of dress and manners. Those who have taken "My impression is that the thing courses on the 'Appreciation of Orienthat is most needed is a sort of Jeru- tal Culture' and similar subjects resalem Conference for young people of sent this method. Some think it gross high school age. College undergradu- egotism on the part of missionaries to ates get about nine tenths of the at- inflict their ideas on someone else. tention of the leaders of the various Still others quote the old adage 'charyoung people's groups, much to the ity begins at home' as an excuse, but neglect of the high school crowd."- some who think deeper and observe W.V.K. the reaction of the foreign students who come to 'Christian' America and "I am finding that our missionary discover that the people are not like work is becoming an institutional en- the missionaries, and see that many terprise rather than a spiritually driv- turn away disappointed and brokenen service for other people …… We hearted, feel that we need to test have overdone the 'salesmanship Christianity here before we take it stunt'-we need now to reveal the suf- abroad. They feel it is futile to preach fering Christ pleading for help to Christianity and not be able to verify reach and save His children of differ- our beliefs at home."-R. F. ent race and color from ourselves."- M.D. THE CHOICE "One of the next steps is to develop Oft as he jogs along the winding way a sense of 'the uniqueness of the Chris- Occasion comes for every man to say,- tian Gospe!.' In the light of a lot of "This road?-or that?" and as he teaching that is prevalent in many colleges, universities and high schools, chooses then, young people are not so sure that So shall his journey end in night or Christianity is a unique religion, but day. -John Oxenham. EDITED BY MISS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York ASK THE WOMEN form their own opinions. The in- stances here related make up about By BESSIE ALLEN DONALDSON forty per cent of our calls, and do not include many other homes among our Twice recently I have read the state- friends where we did not call at the ment that polygamy has been prac- New Year season but where there are tically given up in Persia. In "The two or more wives. American Task in Persia" also we find the statement: "Polgamy is not gen- One call was upon a young woman erally practiced or approved in Persia, whose first husband had divorced her and it is probable that if the legal and because she objected to his bringing social facts were fully set forth, it in a second wife. The next morning would not figure as an institution at we called on a young widow who had alL" been one of the three wives of a high Polygamy is not paraded in Persia, official. In the afternoon of that some and it is not difficult for us who live day we went to a home where two here to understand how a traveler wives received us. The older woman might get the above impression. He is rather frail. She had needed help is met here and there by Persian gen- in the house, so what was easier than tlemen, and they are anxious for visi- for her to arrange for her husband to tors to get the best possible reaction marry her own niece? From this call concerning the land and people. In we went directly to another home fact, a Persian might answer his where our hostess is the sole wife. guest, if questioned, by saying that But one of her friends was calling at polygamy is on the wane and has al- the same time, a pathetic example of most died out, and cite that he and what often happens when some day, others of his friends have only one without any previous warning, the wife. If he has progressive ideas and husband brings home a new and is not overproud of some of the short- younger and more beautiful wife. We comings of his people, the Persian can scarcely recognized this woman as a easily avoid mentioning those of his former friend, she had become so friends who have more than one wife. emaciated with her grief and trouble.

One in an official capacity might live The next day we called at the home in Persia for several years and not of one of the high officials, upon his get "inside information," as polygamy European wife; his Persian wife lives is evident only in the women's quarters in Teheran. At another home two and Persian gentlemen do not take wives received, the second having been their wives with them into society. chosen by the first, who was childless, Nor has it been the custom-because with the hope that there might be a it was not considered good form in son and heir. Persian male society-for a man to Another day we were inVited to mention the female members of his lunch at a home where there are two household. If he is obliged to do so, wives of the same age, as well as two the terms "household" is sufficient, babies, only two weeks apart. These and that really tells nothing. women were dressed alike, as were It is not my aim to set forth legal their babies. They appeared to be or social facts to prove the existence good friends, but it is said that in of the custom. I wish only to recount spite of the husband's effort to treat our experiences of the No Ruz (New them both alike, there isa great deal Year) season, and my readers may of jealousy between the two.

142 We also called upon a young woman fore the entire consignment was diswhose father has two wives. There is posed of, and the publishers were notiweh hard feeling between these two fied that East Side New York had that he is obliged to keep one in Te- cOllsumed a large number of the books. heran and the other in Meshed! At another place two women, wives of the LATE DEVELOPMENTS IN same man, were guests. CHRISTIAN LITERATURE One of the saddest cases is that of a beautiful young woman, the mother of The new year should bring a new a bright boy of seven. The father and deeper interest in the cause of brought home a new wife who imme- Christian literature in the Orient. Dr. diately broke up the home and the John R. Mott has returned from the young mother obtained a divorce. The meeting in Jerusalem for 1928, and father went to Teheran, and the little from his subsequent trip around the boy grieved so for him that he became world in survey of the mission fields ill. Word of the child's health reached to express his belief that the furnishthe father, and after many negotia- ing of Christian literature ought to be tions, he promised to put away the sec- one of the major tasks of the missionond wife and, for the sake of the son, ary enterprise. This conviction of his take his mother back. It was all ar- is shared by all, but certainly not exranged and they went to Teheran, but pressed in action. The amount allotted not to happiness. After the man had to Christian literature by the various remarried the child's mother, he boards remains pitifully small. The brought the other woman back. The entire income of the committee is in mother feels she must endure it for the neighborhood of ten thousand dolthe boy, but she knows only too well lars. The field of operations continue the sorrows attendant upon polygamy, to grow. The chairman of the comfor her mother became a semi-invalid mittee received from the Christian Litand the father married another wife, erature Committee in Korea a request just his daughter's age, and this sec- for the subsidy of a Christian magaond wife has ruled the household in a zine for children in Korea similar to manner to make the angels weep. Happy Childhood in Japan. It was estimated that one thousand dollars Polygamy is behind the curtain in should be available for the initiation Persia, and the traveler and even the of this work. temporary resident do not get a chance to peek. But we who frequently visit During the time set aside for the Persian homes and get acquainted consideration of Christian literature at with what really does go on in them, Northfield this request from Korea would suggest to those who may be was mentioned. In return a persontempted to make sweeping statements al gift of five hundred dollars was about Persian home life, first ask the given, another of one hundred dollars, women. and smaller gifts brought the amount received up to seven hundred dollars, NEW READERS FOR OLD together with a promise for three hun- dred dollars more to be paid in at a "From Jerusalem to Jerusalem" will later date. It will be at least a year have a new group of readers this year. before the actual pUblication of this magazine. n seems that in the transportation of A delightful step in advance was a load of these books across New York taken at Northfield when an old friend City, one carton of the books fell off of the committee indicated her desire the truck, and broke open. It was soon to provide for the pUblication of one appropriated by a Jewish vender, who of the books of Central Committee. began selling them to his friends as Just after this, Miss Laura White, who "the latest information from Jerusa- is in charge of Christian literature lem" at five cents each. Sad to relate, publications in China, met the chairthe police cut short his activities be-

man and told her that she was desir- children. The door is wide open the ous of translating "From Jerusalem to Jerusalem" because she felt that it was need is for funds. ' exactly the kind of book on backgrounds which the Chinese Christians ONE FRIENDSHIP BAG needed and in which they would be interested. She said: "I want to One of the friendship school bags translate that book, Mrs. Montgomery, do you suppose you could raise the which American children sent to Mexmoney for it?" Mrs. Montgomery replied: "The Lord has already attended ico last year found its way to a tiny to that, and has sent three hundred dollars by special messenger." Miss island in the Gulf of California, where White expects to use as her helper in translating the book Mary Liu, a re- very primitive wInadsiacnasrr, itehdebSyeariuttroimboe~ cent graduate of Ginling. Miss Liu's live. The bag story will be remembered by many of our readers. She was a little slave bile across the desert for seventy or girl who lost both hands and feet through the cruelty of her owner. A eighty miles, then by cart until the fund had I;>een set aside for her education by the nobleman in whose family curt stuck in the mud, then by horsethe crippling had occurred. During her education she showed remarkable back to the shore of the Gulf, from . talents and has recently been graduated from Ginling College. She does there by rowboat to Tirburon Island, everything a girl with both hands and feet can do. She has learned to hold a the home of these Indians, and finally pen with her poor stump of a thumb, and with this she writes beautiful Chi- on the back of an Indian for several nese characters so that she completes a day's work of one thousand charac- miles to the camp. Here the bag was ters in about an hour and one half. It takes the ordinary girl a full day of opened, and the "good will" contents eight hours to complete this task. She is already the author of two books distributed to the Seri children. This and is employed by Miss Laura M. White in the office of the Women's was the first free gift these children Committee for Christian Literature in Shanghai. Steps have already been had ever received, and their appreciataken toward the pUblication of the same book in Japan and India. Money tion was very keen. has been provided for printing an edition of Mabel Thurston's "The Adven- Mr. Robert Thomson, the missionary ture of Prayer" in Chinese, and for printing "The Story of Jesus as Told in charge of these Indians, asked the by His Four Friends," in the same language. children what they could send back to The magazines for which the com- the American children, and a number mittee is responsible, one in South America, one in Constantinople, four of children ran to the shore and picked in India, one in China, and one in Japan, continue their blessed work of up pretty colored shells to be sent to furnishing Christian reading matter to show their pleasure.

These Seri people lack everything ordinarily considered essential to physical comfort. Their scanty cloth- ing is ragged and filthy, they have no permanent dwellings, food is always insufficient, and drinking water has to be carried on the shoulders of men for several miles. They have practi- cally no contact with other people.

*** A blind boy in Japan is copying the hymns he loves in the Braille system as his only way of having them near him. His patient work will carry the hymns to others.

*** When God wants to speak with a man, He wants that man to be alone.- H Bn77J Drummond.

*** The soul, like the body, lives by what it feeds on.-J. G. Holland.

Industrial work on this station

not been so prominent as on some of Growth of Z. I. M. the other stations, though 24 tons of maize were harvested, beside coffee, T HE Zambesi Industrial Mission has chillies and beans.-The Christian. under its care at Ntonda, S. Angoniland, 411 candidates for baptism, and an added 363 who have definitely re- The Y. M. C. A. in Assiut nounced heathenism. Other professing Christians in the community bring the I N 1921 a little band of twelve founded number almost to 2,000, an influence a local Y. M. C. A. in Assiut, two on the surrounding mass of paganism hundred miles up the Nile from Cairo. which cannot but be felt. Three evan- Assiut is a city of 65,000, the Chrisgelists are supported in this field. tian educational center of the country, the capital of Upper Egypt, a flourish- According to the missions annual ing business center, and the seat of a report, church services on Sunday fore- branch of the great Moslem Univernoons and afternoons showed an aver- sity, Al Azhar. From that time there age of 1,126. In addition 97 villages has been rapid growth in the organizawere visited, and the average attend- tion and almost complete self-support. ance throughout the year came to 7,388 The committee of management now people. A Bible class is held on Wednes- consists of Christian landowners, lawday every week at the station, and yers, teachers, pastors and Government has an average of 352, mostly young officials. The first full time secretary men and women. Prayer meeting on was appointed in 1926. Steps were Friday has an attendance of 44, and immediately taken to secure a site and the monthly communion service 204. A erect a building. Two hundred pounds Bible Reading is held daily at sunrise were given by a Mohammedan deputy with all workers on the station. Dur- to Parliament, and a like amount by ing the year a small Hospital was built the Coptic Archbishop and Abbot of at Ntonda, and 2,504 medical, and 2,805 the Monastery of EI Moharrek. A flood surgical cases were attended to. of small subscriptions came from men of every creed and class, and in 1928 School work was continued through- the desired plot was secured.-South out the year. Twenty-four teachers African Outlook. were sent to the Training School to Dombole, to enable them to qualify for Government examination, and all who presented themselves passed success- Welfare Center in Nigeria fully. The twenty-four schools, with CHILD welfare work in Nigeria was a total daily average of 882 boys and first started about the year 1914, girls, have been registered by the Nya- through the agency of various missionsaland Board of Education. While to ary societies; and it was as recently some extent these schools are expected as 1926 that the first government ma- to conform to a recognized code, ap- ternity and child welfare clinics were proved by a Federation of Missions and established. The C. M. S. Hospital the local Government, our chief aim is at Iyi Enu has drawn up plans for a to make them Bible Schools in practice, large maternity unit, for until Chris- and our experience is that they have tian education has emphasized care of been, and are, the nursery ground of the body there can be no decrease· in our churches. this mortality rate. With the proposed 145 5

new buildings wards will be provided the hospital will need only dispensary for the maternity cases quite apart service. However, six rooms for surfrom the rest of the hospital buildings, gical or other special cases which rean out-patient department for ante- quire hospital care will be provided. and post-natal clinics, and for infant The majority of those who need to rewelfare work. Here also women from main after operation or otherwise, can the different districts can be received be assigned to one of the huts where for training in simple midwifery and they and those who come with them care of infants.~C. M. S. Outlook. may be given some training as to the care of the sick. These huts may be Practical Christians simple and relatively inexpensive, so that they can be removed or burned MISS MABEL E. EMERSON, re- and rebuilt from time to time as turning from a world tour, has needed. Possible development as the this to say of American Board activi- work grows is also included in the ties in West Africa: "The rapid growth plan. of the Church within the last few years is not a mass movement but the nor- WESTERN ASIA mal growth due to witnessing Christian lives. The converts come in small The Old Order Changing groups from many villages, totaling thousands a year. The growth in Bail- MUST APHA KEMAL has a slogan, undo is a good example. In 1916 that "Break with the past." One aschurch had less than 500 members; in tonishing phase of this break with the 1922 it had passed the 1,000 mark; past is shown in the action authorized now in 1929 the membership numbers by the republic of Turkey toward the 3,300, a trebling in seven years. By entire habits of the men in charge of 1931, judging from the number now the worship in the Mohammedan mosenrolled as catechumens in the training ques. Here are a few quotations from classes there will be more than 5,000 the project for religious reform just members. made public by the committee ap- pointed by the Theological Faculty of "No where did I see people facing the University of Constantinople: more difficult economic conditions than those in West Africa, where the aver- "Religion is a social institution. It age daily income is only five cents, and ought to satisfy all the exigencies of yet these African Christians are fac- life and pursue a process of developing resolutely the obligation of church ment. It is wrong to think that our support. A new building for church religion should be bound to the old and school in one of the out-stations, forms and conventions and thus bewhich cost not less than $500, has been come incapable of progress. built without a dollar of help from the Board. Native Christians had contrib- "Our places of worship must be uted money and labor equivalent to 10,- clean, orderly, accessible and inhabit- 000 days' income. The 'words' came to able. Pews and cloak rooms must be these people less than fifty years ago." provided in them. They must be en- tered with clean shoes. (Heretofore Kru Coast Need to Be Met no Moslem could enter a mosque with any kind of shoes.) The language of MISSIONARY Walter B. Williams, worship must not be in Arabic but in of the Methodist Mission at Nana the new language. Kru, Liberia, writes that he hopes to return to the Kru Coast in 1930 with "Measures should be taken to make sufficient funds to build the Hartzell worship beautiful, inspiring and spir- Memorial Hospital. The present plan itual. For this reason it is necessary takes into consideration the fact that to prepare singers equipped with a the majority of people who come to knowledge of music. It is also neces- sary to have instruments of music in places of worship."-Christian Herald.

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Labor Conditions in Persia easier to separate the South Africa DURING the last ten or twelve years Zulu work from the Rhodesia work and conditions of workers in the car- that in the newer territory of the Mopet-weaving industry of Persia have zambique Company. The East Africa vastly improved. In the old days il- Mission has 3 stations, 35 outstations, literate children were apprenticed at 31 white workers and 9B natives, 7 about six years old and upwards as churches and 39 schools of all grades. weavers, the parents receiving a sum -Missionary Herald.

in cash from the master weaver in re- turn for an agreement binding the A Power Plant A childen to work for the ensuing year. BOUT twenty-five years ago, the Persians awoke to the value of The weavers' day started soon after sunrise and ended at sunset, the modern education. There were, at that cramped position in which the workers time only a very few schools using had to sit causing a peculiar form of modern methods. In recent years the late rickets, resulting in much crip- government has opened schools in all pling. the cities and towns and in many of Now the industry has passed almost the larger villages, for girls as well entirely into the hands of foreign firms, as for boys, and they are discussing who have much improved the condi- ways and means of initiating free edutions of labor: The workers are now cation throughout the country. Intelpaid by piece-work, the Persian law ligent Persians are recognizing that limiting the weavers' working day to their failure as a nation is a moral eight hours, and preventing boys of failure, and they have implicit conless than eight years of age and girls fidence in the ability and the sincere of less than ten from weaving at all. good intentions of Americans to give their children what they need to make Missions Change Nanles them useful, patriotic citizens. The northern half of Persia has been T HE name of the Turkey Mission of the American Board of Commis- allotted to the Presbyterian Mission. sioners for Foreign Missions which Work was begun in Teheran in 1872, has included work in Greece, Syria and the following March a school for and Turkey, has been officially changed boys was opened,' but the pupils were to "The American Board Mission in drawn exclusively from Armenians, the Near East." The different sections Jews and Zoroastrians, as the sons of will be known as the Greece Section, Persians who constitute ninety-eight Syria Section, and Turkey Section. per cent of the population, were strict- The Near East Mission includes, ac- ly forbidden by the Government to atcording to the latest statistics, 12 sta- tend. In the late nineties a few Moslem tions, 35 out-stations and a total of boys began to come. In 1900 there 135 workers. There are 398 native were twenty-two, and from that time laborers, 42 churches and 62 schools of on the number steadily increased. Since all grades. Work is conducted with 1925 the enrolment has stood at from headquarters in Constantinople, Mar- 800 to 900. While boys of every grade ash, Tarsus, Merzifoun, Adana, Smyr- of society and of every race and creed na, Mardin, Brousa (Turkey), Athens, are accepted without discrimination, Salonica (Greece), Aleppo, and Beirut an unusually large percentage of them (Syria) . are the children of the nobility and other influential families of the coun- At the same time the name of the try. In recent years, fees collected mission operating in Rhodesia and the from students have amounted to about Mozambique Company's territory, Af- $28,000. Nine wealthy boys are charged rica, was named the East Africa Mis- enough to support ten.-Women and sion. The new name makes it a little Missions.

CHINA the object of the American donors.

Christian Movement in China If we give seed grain, the usual re- 8erve can be eaten. If there are no THE present communicant member- seed reserves, the need for seed will ship of the Christian churches in be even greater, unless we are to face China, according to estimates in The another famine appeal next year." Chinese Recorder, Shanghai, is 446,- 631. The figures are not set forth as being precise, but are believed to be Problem of Girl Sla.very T approximately correct. In 1922, the HE National Child Welfare As- sociation of China, which was figure stood at 402,539. From the same source it is learned founded a year ago by Dr. H. H. Kung, that there are now about 4,750 mis- Minister of the Interior, will probably takt: up th~ uu-tsai or girl slavery sionaries in China, about 78% of what was regarded as the "normal" number question, in it, dition to striving to edu- before the confusion of the last few cate parents on matters of child health years. The recent Directory of Mis- and carrying on a campaign against sions in China records 20 new stations foot-binding. as opened, and 500 names of new missionaries who have been added since As long ago as 1922 the British Sec- 1927. retary of State for the Colonies ap- proved of a proclamation declaring girl slavery illegal in Hongkong, but this Drouth-Resistant Grain proclamation has proved to be only waste paper, and now some means are OR the past two years Mr. L. M. being sought to punish the masters F Outerbridge, agricultural and evan- and mistresses of these slaves. gelistic missionary at Fenchow, has experimented with surprising results China is estimated to have an infant with certain strains of newly intro- mortality rate of 73% for children of duced drouth-resistant seed grain. The less than 1 year old, and the reduction following paragraph is taken from a of this rate by education of adults is letter of Mr. C. R. Bennett of the Na- alone a colossal task. The Association, tional City Bank, Peping Branch, who during the first year of its existence, is chairman of the American Advisory made a good record considering its Committee which distributed funds slender income of only $30,000 Mex. from the China Famine Relief, U. S. A. Of this total 80% came from the New "This seed planted next spring will York Association for the Welfare of not only supply food, but will pave the the Children of Cbina, 6% from other way for supplying by the end of 1931 foreign sources and 14% from Chinese sufficient seed grain for the whole contributors.

province. If seed grain for the spring is assured, the people can eat now and Loss of Righteousness Deplored through the winter the grain usually "FAITH and righteousness are not reserved for seed. If we keep them prized and there is no sense of alive with food gifts now, they will shame. If this state of things is al- plant the same old native seed in the lowed to continue, China will be wiped spring and possibly get nothing if it off the earth without waiting for im- is a drouth season, or at best less than perialistic aggression or communistic half what the new seed would produce. intrigues," was the startling statement While we may have to supply sollie made on Independence Day (October further food relief, this seed grain 10) by General Chiang Kai Shek, proposition seems not only an excel- President of the Nationalist Govern- lent chance to put perennial drouth land ment in China, and reported by Dr.

on its feet and create a granary for Percy T. Watson, missionary physician surrounding districts, but it would under the American Board of Commis- seem to be constructively in line with sioners for Foreign Missions in China.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"Everyone today wants to succeed, work developing that trained mission- by hook or by crook," General Chiang aries cannot supply the need, and lay further warned in his Independence preachers itinerate among the villages. Day speech. "Right and wrong are The movement is not limited by confused. Private considerations are political boundaries, but is reaching placed above the interest of the. State. Ukrainians from the Caucasian to the In the mad competition for rights, one Carpathian mountains.

ignores one's obligations."

General Chiang further stated that Protestantism in Latin Countries it was not foreign aggression nor do- DURING the fall a conference of the Evangelical churches of Spain mestic difficulties which caused him and Portugal took place in Barcelona. One of the speakers from Portugal anxiety, but rather the gradual disap- called attention to the fact that in his country the most influential people pearance of those virtues which had been the spiritual herit "gil of the race for generations. ,iC"

Liebenzeller Mission G;rows were the atheist, the agnostic and the cleric. Evangelical Christians are in THE Liebenzeller Mission is a branch the minority, owing to the persecutions of the China Inland Mission, and which they have suffered throughout is operating 16 stations with head- their history and are still suffering in quarters in Changsha. Two years ago communities distant from the great one of their missionaries wrote: "Con- centers. This was also said to be the ditions in China never appeared so case in Spain.

hopeless as at present," but since 1927 The religious statistics given at the the progress has been encouraging. conference present an interesting pic- One new station was opened in the ture. The several groups exist in the province of Kweichow and 11 new out- following numbers: 2,000 spiritualstations added. The number of Chinese ists; 3,000 confessed Protestants; 25,- helpers has risen from 268 to 311. In 000 Crypto-Jews (Jews outwardly 1928, 624 new church members were Catholic); 750,000 indifferent and baptized, the largest increase in the atheist; 750,000 Roman Catholics in Mission's history. full communion; 3,000,000 Romano- EUROPE pagans, devotees of superstitition.- Ukrainian National Movement Espana Evangelica.

REV. MICHAEL FESEUKO, Sec- An Urgent Appeal retary of the Ukrainian Evangelical Alliance whose headquarters JUST when the Bureau of Relief of are in Toronto, writes of a Christian Evangelical Churches in Europe movement among his people amounting to a national revival. The Ukrai- was feeling confident that no outstandnians number about 28,000,000. About 7,000,000 were ceded to Poland after ing crisis was imminent, they find the Great War, this part being called Galicia-Large Ukrainian minorities themselves face to face with the most are in Rumania and Czecho-Slovakia, and in all these places they are op- difficult problem since 1923. The folpressed both politically and religiously. Homes are burned, religious meetings lowing cable was received in New York banned, yet the Christian movement gathers force. Beginning work in from Dr. Adolf Keller, European Galicia five years ago, the Ukrainian Evangelical Alliance in North America Director of the Bureau: now has twenty congregations and mission stations. So rapidly is the Thousands of farmers leaving Russia because of insupportable conditions im- posed by Soviet Government. Hope to migrate to Canada but Canadian Govern- ment hesitates to consent because of eco- nomic conditions in the Dominion. Thou- sands of families therefore stopped on their flight from Russia. All their pos- sessions sold or lost. No money, food, or winter clothing. Living in terrible squalor in concentration camps near Moscow, in Bigossowo, Sebesch, Schneidernuhl (Ger-

many), Hamburg and Bremen. In Mos- sanatoriums, or to furnish medical cow camp alone are 10,000 families. aid." Bitterest need for immediate help. This concerns all Protestant people as most An example of how the "Five-Year of these refugees are Lutheran or Men- Program" is being 'carried out, may nonite. Our office working with leaders be seen in the following: The scholars of Refugee Migration Movement, and of the forty-first school, formerly St. with Dr. Fritjof Nansen. Urge again Peter's German Evangelical Lutheran necessity for immediate help as sickness Parochial School, unanimously voted already breaking out. in favor of the following resolution which was put before them by the au- Those involved are not the ignorant thorities: "Inasmuch as we consider "Mujiks," but once prosperous farmers.

Anti-religious Progralll in Russia the existence of the Lutheran St. Peter's Church opposite the forty-first THE Central Committee of the Gus- school as injurious tQ the Soviet edu- tavus Adolphus Society in Ger- cation of the young, and inasmuch as many, in possession of news material we recognize the anti-social influence direct from Russia, publishes the fol- of this church which is competing with lowing facts: the school for influence over the young, In the beginning of September, in we demand that the church be closed the vicinity of Omsk, where three years and used for c'Ultural purposes." The ago Pastor Schulz was executed in the next steps to be taken in this direction market square on the orders of the involve the vote of the parents' associa- communistic party, the young assistant tion and then that of the laborers'

pastor John Grant has been murdered. counsel of the city ward. It is alto- Another young graduate of the Theo- gether likely that "the voice of the logical Seminary in Leningrad has people" will thus succeed in closing the been arrested and is still in prison for church in a very short time.

no other offence than that the evan- In the villages, the system called gelical peasants have been thronging "collectivation" is being introduced.

to his services. This means that pressure is exerted A private letter states: "Our pastor on the peasant to amalgamate his farm has just been sentenced to one year's with a collective organization. This hard labor, because he did not stop a makes him an employee of the "collec- woman in his parish who was practic- tive." He thereby loses the individual ing hymns in her house with a number right to dispose of his receipts and ex- of school children." A few months ago penditures. The village which is thus all organists and directors of choirs "collectively" managed, forbids every had to resign their positions, as they contribution to church purposes and were threatened with discharge from at any rate makes it impossible, since public positions if they continued to it leaves the individual only the barest officiate at church services. means of subsistence.

The following decree on religious Pastors are without civil rights of associations, passed in April, 1929, is any kind. They may not be members now in force: "Religious associations of any state or community cooperative are denied the right: to organize re- organizations, have no claim on public lief treasuries, to grant material help charity "like other people"; they are to their members, to oganize special excluded from the rights of citizen- meetings for children, young people or ship, but must bear incomparably women, to hold prayer meetings, to more of the burden of taxation of all hold meetings for Bible study, literary kinds. For example, where an official study, needle-work or other forms of or a laborer, in proportion to his earn- work, or any kind of meetings serving ings, pays 10-86 kopeks monthly for a for instruction in religion, to get up square meter of dwelling space, the picnics, establish kindergartens, li- pastor is compelled, irrespective of braries or reading rooms, to maintain his income, to pay for the same floor

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

space 2 rubles 15 kopeks up to 6 religions. They maintain that the rubels 45 kopeks. No minister may Christian idea of God is as untenable hold any public office, no child of a as the Christian doctrine of the atoneminister may attend a high school. ment, that the character of Jesus is far below that of a Bodhisattva, and Notwithstanding these hindrances, that between Buddhism and Christianthe Church in Russia is still alive. A ity there can be only war. The viceminister reports about a trip that he president of the English Maha-Bodhi took through Siberia. He relates that Society in London writes: "The num- in the eight weeks in which he was ber of Buddhists in Europe is conaway he visited 29 congregations, stantly increasing. A great responsibaptized 135 children, confirmed 433 bility rests on us Buddhists, for I feel lay baptisms, confirmed 452 confir- that we are the last hope of the world." mands, administered holy communion -Evangelical Missions Magazine. to 3,631 persons, married 70 couples, consecrated 3 cemeteries, made 250 Winter Plans in Evangelism public addresses, traveled 9,491 kilometers by rail, 514 by automobile, and T HE plans which the Commission 1,310 by wagon. Truly a missionary on Evangelism had in mind by tour of the most strenuous kind, wit- which it would send out five teams innessing to the fact, that God provides stead of one to cities throughout the ways and means for the spread of His country are already well advanced. Word even under the most adverse con- Bishop Darst, Chairman of the Comditions.–Condensed from Allg. Ev. mission on Evangelism of the Protes- Luth. Kirchenzeitung. tant Episcopal Church, is to have charge of the team which will visit GENERAL the cities of the South, largely along the Atlantic coastline. Dr. Mahy will Refor:m BUddhism and Christianity have charge of the team to visit the cities in New York State, Dr. Living- THE Shin sect, which was concerned ston in Pennsylvania, Dr. Bader in the in reshaping Buddhism on the West, and Dr. Goodell in New Engpattern of Christianity so as to adapt land. it to the modern age and enable it to overcome the competition with Chris- It is a matter of great interest that tianity, has accomplished some out- the leading denominational magazines standing things, but in its tendencies and papers are publishing series of has remained otherwise worldly. Now articles on the Holy Spirit and Pentesome prudent Buddhists have come to cost, some of them appearing in every the conclusion that Buddhism can have issue of the magazines and papers no future in Japan unless it can give from now until Pentecost, 1930. One men something of worth for the pres- of the leading magazines has already ent life. Thus a religious reform sent out a list of more than forty movement has started which aims to topics relating to these themes.-Conput Buddhism into inner relation with gre gationalist. secular scientific thought and to supplement it with certain Western Protestant Giving Wanes (Christian) ideas. This led in 1928 to a sharp conflict between the reform CHARLES H. F AHS, Curator of movement and the Shin sect, in the the Missionary Research Library, course of which the reform movement has made a study on "Trends in Protwas overcome, although not rooted estant Giving." His conclusions inout. dicate that sacrififiai giving for mis- sions in this country and abroad is The reformers stress the similarity not increasing. Since 1921, with nabetween Christianity and Buddhism, tional wealth rapidly mounting and but their opponents will not listen to with contributions for local church exany rapproachement between the two

pense steadily increasing, gifts for funds for the care of 29,665 benefici- benevolences or other than local aries. In expenditures, the Methodist church expenses have consistently de- Episcopal Church, with 8,513 benefi- clined, although the trend in total giv- ciaries, leads with $3,279,439; and the ing, including both benevolences and Presbyterian, with 3,163 beneficiaries, local expenses, moved regularly up- is listed as second with a total outlay ward every year from 1913. Close of $1,224,000. The Methodist Church conformity to the two general trends, (South) is third, with benefits total- i. e., a steady increase in contribu- ing $1,000,000 for 2,700 aged or inca- tions for local expenses and a decline pacitated ministers.

from a peak of benevolence giving in Figures on the other sixteen reli- 1920, was found in each of the 11 de- gious bodies listed in the report are nominations studied. These were as follows: Number Northern Baptist, Southern Baptist, of Benefi- Total E",· Congregational, Methodist Episcopal Ohurch (North), Methodist Episcopal caries penditure (South), Presbyterian (North), Presbyterian (South), United Presbyte- (Tnlted Presbyterian .,.,… 176 $54,8R3.00 rian, Reformed in America, Reformed in United States and United Brethren. Unite, Chnrch of Canada .. 1,428 62~,694.00 United Lutheran ……… 1,004 This situation is in the face of an Evangelical Lutheran Synod 185,475.78 increase in average wealth and income 282,314.50 in the United States since 1920, and of Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1.2g0 an accompanying decrease in the cost Reformed Church in America 247 61,055.02 of living. Mr. Fahs discusses many Congregational ……….. 1,352 438,941.00 Protestant Episcopal …… 1,800 806,000.00 Norwegian Lutheran of Am. 260 Disciples of Christ …….. 468 75.937.00 Presbyterian ChUrch (South) 466 127,846.97 NGrthern Baptist ……… 4,580 193,596.00 Southern Baptist … '….. 1,328 950,000.00 United Brethren ………. 265 162,705.06 Augnstann Lutheran …… 311 8,500.00 Church of the Nazarene … 45 78,365.00 Reformed Church in the U. S. 279 7,917.50 79,362.70 explanations offered for this decline, Practically all of the churches to but finds it impossible to substantiate which questionnaires were sent re- any of them. Reasons offered include ported plans for extending the scope diversion of giving by the Near East of their work in this field.

Relief, the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C.

A., independently sustained mission Child Labor Sunday C colleges and by new fundamentalist HILD Labor Sunday was observed throughout the country January o r g ani z at ion s; rehabilitation of church property and increased sup- 26, at the suggestion of the National port for educational and philanthropic Child Labor Committee. Perhaps no institutions of the churches; the other single problem in industry car- sense of responsibility or the dis- ries a more powerful appeal to church couragement resulting from indebted- people. The December 7 issue of In- ness on church and parsonage prop- formation Service of the Research erty, and indebtedness carried by de- Department of the Federal Council of nominational boards and institutions; Churches gave a summary of data ecclesiastical engineering manifested furnished by the National Child La- in unified national benevolent budgets bor Committee which was helpful for and unified promotion. s rmons, discussion groups and plans for the coming year. It is interesting NORTH AMERICA to note that "the legislative season of Pension Fund for Clergy 1929 was an active one, with 44 legis- NINETEEN Protestant religious latures in session and 123 child labor bodies spend $9,566,095.53 a year bills of varying importance introon relief and pension benefits for their duced. Many of these died of that ordained workers, according to a sur- common legislative disease – inertia.

vey being made by the Disciples of Other bills, some of the most impor- Christ. tant, were killed by an opposition These organizations had on hand which in several cases refused to re- $130,000,000 endowment and reserve veal its identity. On the other hand,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

not a single bill which would have establishment of a Chair of Industrial lowered child labor standards in any Relations at Duke University, particu- important respect was permitted to larly for the education of theological pass." Full information with refer- students.

~mce to the child labor situation may Other ecclesiastical bodies which are be had from the National Child Labor calling for a study of the textile in- .committee at 215 Fourth Avenue, dustry by the Federal Government New York. are the Synod of Sewanee Province of the Protestant Episcopal Church and Life and Work and Churches Abroad the Georgia Baptist Convention. The T HE first meeting of the reorgan- Ministerial Association of Greens- ized American section of the Stock- boro, N. C., has urged the Federal holm Life and Work Continuation Council of Churches, the National Committee, and the Commission on Catholic Welfare Conference and the Churches Abroad of the Federal Coun- Central Conference of American cil of the Churches of Christ in Amer- Rabbis to take action. The National ica was held in New York, October 22. Board of the Young Women's Chris- The new body is a combination of tian Association has also recently what had hitherto been three separate asked for a study of the textile indus- agencies, namely, the Federal Coun- try by the Federal Government. The cil's Commission on Relations with Federal Council of Churches has been Religious Bodies in Europe, the Com- urging the same step.-Federal CfYUn- mittee on Relations with the Eastern cil News Service.

Churches, and the American Section of the Universal Christian Confer- Boy Scout.' Anniversary T ence on Life and Work. Under the HE Boy Scouts of America will celebrate their twentieth annivernew arrangement, the American churches will have a united approach sary the week of February 7-13, 1930.

to the various phases of their relation- The esteem in which the Boy Scout ships with the churches in foreign Movement is held by religious leaders lands. of all creeds is an evidence of the The officers elected by the Commis- worthwhileness of the Scouting pro- sion were as follows: Honorary Chair- gram of character building and citizen- man, Bishop Francis J. McConnell; ship training. The twelfth Boy Scout Chairman, Dr. S. Parkes Cadman; Law is: "A Scout is Reverent. He is Chairman of Executive Committee, reverent toward God. He is faithful the Rev. Kenneth D. Miller. An Ex- in his religious duties and respects the ecutive Secretary has not yet been convictions of others in matters of elected. custom and religion."

Lord Robert Baden-Powell, founder Southern Churches Ask Textile Study of the Boy Scouts, in the early days SIGNIFICANT resolutions h a v e of the Movement more than twenty been passed in recent weeks by a years ago, impressed upon the world number of Southern ecclesiastical that "Scouting is a great game." It bodies asking for a study of the entire puts into a boy's own keeping the textile industry by a Commission of Scout Oath and a set of twelve Scout the Federal Government. The West- Laws as the basis for high ideals ern North Carolina Conference of the which he may take into his life and Methodist Episcopal Church (South) make an integral part of it.

led off by requesting such a study. The Conference also went on record as be- ISLANDS A· ing against night work for women, in For Christian Work in the Philippines favor of a living wage, and condemned COOPERATING Committee for the violence and disorder which accom- Christian Work in the Philippines panied recent industrial disturbances. has been organized by the missionary The Conference also recommended the boards having work in the archipelago

for the purpose of strengthening the with non-Christian owners. Living Union Theological Seminary in Ma- conditions in the dormitory were im- nila, the Filipino Tract and Literature proved; earnest effort on his part Society and promoting wider interest caused the stated holidays to fall on in and more adequate support of the Sundays; girls who became Christians general missionary work in the Is- had the privilege of going outside the lands. The plan is to make contacts compound to attend church services; through speaking teams composed of a Sunday School for outside children Filipinos and Americans; follow up was opened in his place and sponsored interested parties but not make ap- by himself; his own daughter was en- peals in public assemblies; and form rolled in a Christian girls' school; small groups which will endeavor to finally one of his girls who had ac- make contacts with their friends. It cepted Christ enrolled in the Bible is hoped to raise $100,000 or more Training School as a student for the for the Seminary, and $50,000 or more purpose of giving her life to work for for Christian literature, this money factory girls like herself.-Missionary either to be held in trust by the de- Link. nominational Board of the donor, or turned over to the Trustees of the New Tuberculosis Hospital Seminary. T HE first tuberculosis sanitorium Three members of the Filipino in Korea was opened at Haiju in Christian Student Movement are on October, 1928. The buildings and site the committee. were made possible by a special gift for a hospital in Korea, known as the JAPAN-KOREA "Mary Verberg Bequest," which had been held by the executor until a plan Transformation in a Factory should be proposed which fulfilled the terms of the will. Dr. Sherwood Hall A YOKOHAMA factory employing and his wife, both graduate physicians, several hundred girls had the organized this work and are in charge usual crowded conditions and long of the institution. It is nonsectarian, . hours, but the superintendent, though having the doctors of nearly every not a Christian, was progressive Protestant denomination doing work enough to value moral teaching as a in Korea on its consulting staff, and means toward efficiency, and opened is a distinctly Christian enterprise, an evening school. His first move was strictly up to date, equipped with spe- to invite a Buddhist priest to teach cial features for diagnosing and treat- his code of ethics. For a time he ing tuberculosis, such as X-ray, Alpine came regularly, but the girls were sun lamps, pneumothorax apparatus, ignorant, dull, bored; and he soon re- and a sun room with special windows signed. Next, a public school teacher for admitting ultra-violet rays. Not was secured, but soon he, too, gave up. one of the non-Christians who has en- The third time the manager invited tered the sanatorium has gone out of two Christian Bible women, who or- its doors without finding Christ. A ganized a Sunday School, and stayed. sanatorium evangelist and a Bible Attendance was voluntary but the class woman give regular Bible CQurses.- grew and grew. The manager made Reco'rd of Christian Work. things easy by furnishing a spacious room, a baby organ, a blackboard, and Mission of a Mission finally by coming as assistant: Some weeks later, with five or six of his K OREA is the first country known own factory girls, he stood up in the as a "foreign mission" to send church and made public confession of out missionaries of her own to an alien Christ by baptism. people. In 1913 three Korean or- dained pastors were sent to begin His new life expressed itself in the gradual improvement of conditions in his factory, going as far as he could

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

work in Shangtung, China, and the elementary character. Contact with American Mission turned over to them such fields as these shows how great the district of Liyang, with a territory are the possibilities of Sunday School 150 miles square. This undertaking work in the primitive type of schools, has been a proven success. In making and also the pressing need of furnish- Christ known among the Chinese, ing better means of training for work- bands of volunteers itinerated among ers whose chief qualification is their the villages of the district, preaching Christian zeal and willingness to help.

to groups and talking to individuals In most of these places I would have in the market places, and at the cross an hour in the afternoon and some- roads. From October, 1928, to Janu- times another hour in the evening in ary, 1929, this effort was carried on, which to present in the simplest fash- and again from February 14 to July, ion the objectives of Sunday School 1929. Listeners were numbered by work, and how these are to be attained the thousands, and results were sure. through proper application of the Bible In one place 67 decided to become lessons by teachers trained, if possible, Christians, and many little groups for in methods of teaching and in the study of the new doctrine were knowledge of their pupils; and also formed. This whole district had been through adequate organization of the raided by bandits at different times. school. In all these fields the Sunday At one of the preaching services a School furnishes a splendid means of band of looters gathered at the church approach to the people and is being door to burn the building and kill the more and more appreciated as an ef- worshipers, if they were not given fective evangelizing agency. In most money. Their intentions were made places it is now comparatively easy to very real by the sight of a huge can get large numbers of people to attend of kerosene, swinging from their a s[ ecial series of gospel services or shoulders. The preaching band and special sessions of the Sunday School.

the members of the little church went Children are more easy of access than down upon their knees in agonizing their elders."

prayer. The looters were astonished at this sight, and feeling that this New School in San Juan queer God, to whom the Christians were praying, might at any moment APRESSING need of the Lutheran cast a spell over them, turned about, Mission in Porto Rico has been and sheepishly slunk away. a training school for kindergarten teachers. The Luther League of At the entrance to every Christian America in its Omaha Convention home a cross was erected and before voted to raise $25,000 for a new school its quiet witness raiders and looters building in Monte Flores, a new and fell away. Chinese converts gave, in rapidly developing residential section 1928, more than $1,750 to this work. of the capital city, San Juan, over- LATIN AMERICA looking the Atlantic Ocean. This new Building Founda.tions in Brazil building will provide a suitable place REV. HERBERT S. HARRIS, Sec- for a night school for training Sun- retary of the Brazil Council of day School teachers, and for pre- Religious Education, tells his experi- seminary an:i general Bible courses ences in holding a series of Workers' for ministerial candidates and other Institutes in four places in the State workers.

of Minas Geraes, Brazil, under the general auspices of the Southern Conference in Salva.dor T Presbyterian Church: HE missionaries of the Central "Formiga, Campo Bello and Olive- American Mission in Salvador ira are comparatively new fields, and came together October 15-17 at Cojute- Sunday School work there is of an peque for their first missionary con-

ference, and correspondence indicates convenient school where boarders are a happy and profitable season of fel- entertained. The present number lowship. A full schedule of plans and maintained by the Orphanage is problems was handled most effectively, eighty-eight. Many of these children and all present felt loads lightened and have come from Christian homes, but zeal renewed as situations in the indi- those who have not, as well as those vidual fields were discussed with fel- who have, are being won to Christ.

low-workers, and then were unitedly Many are training for Christian servo carried to the throne of grace. Mr. ice.-Missions.

Bender presided over the sessions and Mr. A. Roy MacN aught brought the Children's Week In Ceylon C devotional messages which proved re- HILDREN'S Week was observed in Ceylon under the general direcfreshing to the entire group.

Perhaps the most far-reaching thing tion of the Ceylon Sunday School accomplished was the formation of a Union. The purpose was for special Field Committee for more systematic spiritual attention to the needs of the and efficient managing of mission af- children, and to prepare them for defi- fairs in the whole Republic. Such nite decisions. It was also hoped that committees are already operating in the observance of this week would Guatemala and Nicaragua, and have help in bringing the claims of the demonstrated the merits of the system. children to the attention of the This forward move in Salvador light- churches, and increase the interest of ens the burden in the home office and adults and parents in the religious will make for efficiency on the field. education of youth.

Mr. J. Vincent Mendis, General Sec- INDIA retary, reports: "During my visit to Child Marriage Bill the Tamil Country, the South India THE Legislative Assembly of India United Church in Jaffna (Ceylon) has passed a bill establishing a held their 'Children's Week' in adprison sentence of one month and a vance of the rest taking advantage of fine of 1,000 rupees ($360) for any- my visit there. It was a most inspir- one convicted of solemnizing the mar- ing period. I can never forget a riage of a girl under fourteen or of a prayer gathering I had with the senior boy under eighteen years of age. This girls of one of the big schools that will greatly aid in doing away with week. After an inspiring period of the unhappy conditions occasioned in conversation, everyone felt the prayer- India by the practice of child mar- ful atmosphere and I gave them the riage. It is estimated that there are opportunity of decision. Twenty defi- in India 8,500,000 wives and 3,000,000 nitely made the decision, including two husbands under fifteen years of age, girls who were Hindus. I had the op- and 400,000 child widows under fifteen. portunity of meeting these girls be- Although Gandhi and the Nationalists fore I left a few days- afterward, and have long favored raising the marriage I found them resolute in their deci- age, it is expected that there will be sion. The last day of Children's considerable opposition to the new law. Week there was a rally of 1,000 chil- dren and teachers. After returning Bunnans Support Orphana.ge from Jaffna I went to Galle (a tour T HE All Burma Baptist Orphanage, covering 150 miles) to spend a week- Moulmein, Burma, is supported by end with Sunday School teachers there the Christians of Burma. For some who have made a new start and years now only pukka orphans, chil- wanted special guidance. It was a dren who have lost both father and fruitful time and I felt that my visit mother, are being received. The chil- and the conference was of great as- dren are taken into the Ma On Home sistance to the young school of twelve at Moulmein, or are placed in the most teachers, most of them under 21, and

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

therefore raw in the work while most seven-inch water main a mile and a earnest in their activities." half long was laid at a cost to the mills of $12,000, so that every house could Sadhn Not Fonnd have its own water tap.-Christian Heraul. MR. C. E. RIDDLE, missionary in the northwest province of the Home Mission Society Punjab, writes of the mystery surrounding the disappearance of Sadhu SEVENTY-FIVE years ago the Ma- Sundar Singh: dura Mission of the American Board determined to do something "April 19 Sadhu Sundar Singh set quite on its own, so its Indian workers out to visit Tibetan Christians living and Christians formed an evangelical ten days' march east of Lake Manasa- society, started branch societies in rowar. He planned to return or to various centers and, with funds raised send back a messenger in July. As no by the Indian Christians themselves, word had come, Rev. C. E. Riddle of carried on evangelistic work. the New Zealand Presbyterian Mission and Dr. John C. Taylor of the Re- In its year of jubilee, 1904, the soformed Presbyterian Mission set out ciety changed its policy and its name. to search and followed the trail he was In the northern part of the district, to have taken as far as the Tibet where no evangelistic work had yet border, at the Hoti Pass (18,000 feet). been done, a tract of country about No trace was found of the Sadhu, and four hundred miles in area and with a it is feared that his health, which has population of some seventy-eight thounot been good for some years past, was sand was chosen as the field of real not equal to the severe strain, or that home missionary effort. These people he was a victim to a cholera epidemic are of the depressed and criminal which was raging along the Pilgrim castes, and are serfs on the lands of Line in May and June. If this had rich farmers. Much must be done for been the case it is unlikely that any their relief and uplift. This year is trace of him would be found, for the the Diamond Jubilee of the parent Nabodies of victims are at once thrown tive Evangelical Society and the Silver without identification into the salva- Jubilee of its child, The Madura Home tion-giving waters of the sacred Mission Society.-Missionary Herald. Ganges."

Building for Humanity WANTED-BOOKS FOR A MISSION I NDIA-believed by many Western LIBRARY nations to be almost hopelessly backward-has an industrial welfare At Penney Farms, Florida, is the experiment under way which would do home of nearly two hundred retired credit to a Detroit or a Gary. ministers, missionaries, and their wives, representing fourteen denomi- Seventeen thousand people of Nag- nations. This memorial community, pur are dependent upon the Empress with twenty-two apartment buildings Textile Mills, which are entirely Parsi in Norman architecture, is the gift of managed and owned. Eight thousand Mr. J. C. Penney. At the head of the of these are employees, many of whom plot is a stately chapel, with a wing formerly existed in windowless hovels, for a commodious library. It is which had to be entered on hands and equipped with books of general theoknees and unsanitary in the extreme. logical interest but lacking in the de- partment of Missions. If readers of The experiment of changing these THE MISSIONARY REVIEW have misconditions consists of setting aside II sionary books or magazines which large plot of ground upon which is be- they are willing to donate, they may ing built a model city for the indus- be sent to the Rev. Charles W. Blake, trial workers. On this plot fifteen hun- Memorial Library, Penney Farms. dred houses are being erectlid. A

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these coLumns will be forwarded by 1/,S on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Robert Morrison of China. By W. J. might have lengthened his time of Townsend. 12 mo. 184 pp. 28 6d service by twenty years, yet one must London. 1929. admit that his record of accomplish- ment in twenty-seven years is as long The out-of-date statistics of mis- as most men's record of fifty years. sions in China on the last page of this undated book indicate that it is a re- C. H. FENN. print of one published between 1880- 1890. The book, ostensibly written Freeman of Shanghai. By F. Booth especially for "the young of our Tucker. 12 mo. 224 pp. 58. London. churches and Sunday-schools," is as 1929. stilted and pedantic in style as if Albert L. Freeman was a prominent written in the days of Robert Morrison himself. Christian layman who lived in Shang- hai for ten years in the middle of the In spite of these blemishes, the pub- nineteenth century. In 1858 he became lishers have rendered a good service American Vice-Consul at Shanghai. in publishing, in a cheap yet substan- He was soundly converted at the age tial form, such missionary biographies of nineteen and his life story shows as this of the pioneer of Protestant how effective a Christian layman can missions in China. The story is told be on the mission field though not graphically and forcibly and brings designated as a missionary. He died into clear light the consecration, the in Bath, England, in 1871 at the age indomitable energy, the linguistic and of only thirty-seven. His life was full diplomatic ability, and the remarkable of interest and adventure and this accomplishments during this man's biography is essentially a human docualmost unremitting service of twenty- ment with a Christian message.

seven years. In spite of Chinese Highways and Byways in Japan. By Lois prohibitions of instruction in the Johnson Erickson. 136 pp. $1.50. Re- Chinese language, he became in a few veil. New York. 1929.

years the greatest master of Chinese Like a Burton Holmes travelogue are speech and literature then in China, these sketches of life by a country mis- compiled a great Chinese-English Dic- sionary in Japan. The varied experitionary, translated the entire Bible ences of Mrs. Erickson could be into Chinese and issued many tracts matched by many another missionary, and books. Compelled to labor for but few would be able to tell about seven years before baptizing his first them in such picturesque yet unaf- convert, his faith yet looked forward fected language. Many years ago Dr. confidently to the "millions who shall M. L. Gordon wrote the classic en- come and be saved," of whom Tsae- titled, "An American Missionary in Ako was the lone "first-fruits." His Japan." Mrs. Erickson's little volume sturdy Scotch ancestry and his single- is less pretentious, but it brings Dr.

ness of purpose held him to his dif- Gordon's book up to date by presenting ficult course "in spite of men and a film of missionary service, grave and devils," and feel as one may that a gay, since the World War.

less strenuous use of day and night, The sketch entitled, "Japan Welwork periods and rare furloughs, comes the Friendship Dolls," would 158

BOOKS WORTH READING

make interesting reading for many a journey by easy stages; from the easy young people's meeting or church· stages to the automobile sold on easy school. Varied as are these sketches, payments; from the Assyrian tablet one wishes they might have been com- to the American tabloid; from the plemented by descriptions of the ac- poisoned arrow to poisoned gas and tivities of representative Japanese from the kite to the flying machine."

Christians; for example, Toyohiko A. H. McKINNEY.

Kagawa, who was himself led to Christ in the very city where the Ericksons The Hope of. Israel-What Is IU By Phil- ip Mauro. 261 pp. $2. Hamilton live. GALEN M. FISHER. Brothers. Boston. 1929.

The Making of a Great Race. Edward A. The author is a lawyer and a mem- Steiner. pp. 192. $1.75. Revell. New ber of the bar of the United States York. 1929. Supreme Court. He is a diligent and This book is recommended to every devout Bible student. He has written student of the development of the much, and always with thoroughness, United States, especially to those who spiritual insight, and an amazing fa- have imagined that the last word on miliarity with the Bible. In this book this subject was printed in "Babbitt" he vigorously opposes the conception or "Main Street." "I believe," says that Jewish nationalism has any foun- the author, "in a comparatively short dation in Scripture. He argues that time, as one measures history, the it was the current notion of orthodox varied racial groups will be absorbed Judaism in Christ's day that the com- into a cultural, though not a complete ing Messiah was to reconstitute the racial unit." Jewish nation and elevate it to the One who is acquainted with Dr. highest pinnacle of earthly dominion Steiner's other books and with his and glory; and that because Christ work in Grinnell College takes up this repudiated such a notion, he incurred new volume with awakened interest. the enmity of the Jewish leaders of his Nor is he disappointed, for it is writ- time by declaring that this "kingdom ten in a picturesque style and with an is not of this world," and that he was insight and fairness that compel inter- to be a king not in an earthly sense, est and respect for the w;iter and the but in the realm of the spirit. And subject which he skillfully handles. they crucified Him.

With the mind of a master historian This is one of the most challenging and the pen of a facile writer, Dr. books that has appeared for Tllany a Steiner, after suggesting the question: day. By a constant appeal to Scrip- "Is America Growing Old?" introduces ture, the author has called in question the reader to "The Myth of the Great· one of the widely accepted fundamen- Race," and in successive chapters con- tals of dispensational teaching. It siders Jewish, Roman Catholic and involves our understanding of Old Tes- Protestant culture as contributing to tament prophecy, and it also presents the coming homogeneity of the present the work of Jewish evangelization diverse races that inhabit but have not from an entirely different angle.

yet become united in this country. He J. S. CONNING.

concludes that "mankind, on the whole, is still primitive in spite of the fact Steeple lim. W. Wyeth Willard. 301 pp. that its birthdays are supposed to be Princeton Publishing House, Princeton.

a million. It is hypnotized by prog~ Steeple Jim is the story of a miracle ress, which it measures from the cliff- of grace. James A. Parker, son of a dwelling to the apartment hotel; from sea captain, born and reared on the the primitive man who wore the raw North Atlantic Coast, early in life skin of the coon to the raccoon over- manifested the wild spirit that char- coat of the collegian; from the burden acterized nearly all of his mature years.

.on a man's (or woman's) back to the An enemy of society, he dropped into

the Doyer Street Mission on his way sionary history has ever been pro- to suicide at Brooklyn Bridge, to be duced. It contained many biograpical met and gloriously saved by Christ. studies which are masterpieces, and its "That night on the 27th of July, 1923, accounts of great movements like the The Fighting Brute died, and by the Indian Mutiny and the Taiping Re- Spirit there was born to the world a bellion are unsurpassed. Miss Gol- babe of Jesus Christ, James Parker, lock's sketch is thoroughly sympathetic evangelist and steeple Jack. Gone and intelligent, but hardly adequate to were his drunken days, gone were his the real greatness of the man·-and his wicked deeds." In the five and a half work. R. E. S.

years of life that remained, Jim made what restitution he could and gave Democracy and Mission Education in Ko- rea. By James Ernest Fisher, Ph.D. himself utterly to a living testimony 187 pp. $1.75. Bureau of Publications. Teachers College. Columbia Univerto the Lord who had redeemed him. sity. New York. 1928.

At Rescue Missions in Brooklyn and The author, who is Professor of Education in Chosen Christian College, Providence, he sought his old compan- Korea, completed this study during graduate work at Teachers College, ions in sin as trophies for his Lord. New York. The volume begins with a statement of the basic assumptions As a story of transformation, Steeple underlying modern conceptions of democracy in education. Following Jim ranks with "Hadley of Water this the author undertakes a fourfold purpose: to draw up criteria for de- Street" and Harold Begbie's "Twice fining democratic education; to study Born Men." It out-trotters Mel Trot- ter. Artlessly written, the book is great only because of the greatness of Jim's life story, which is highly veri- fied and largely told in Jim's own words. R. C. WILLIAMSON.

The Drama of Christianity. By S. L. Mor- the dominant aims of mission educa- ris, D.D., L.L.D. 147 pp. Presbyterian tion in Korea in .the light of these Committee of Publication. Richmond. This is an interesting interpretation criteria; to study the problems aris- ing through governmental control of of the Apocalypse by the Secretary of mission education and suggest means Home Missions of the Southern Pres- of adjustment more in keeping with a 'byterian Church. It has already found democratic tReory of education; and, such favor that a second edition is lastly, to study the relation of mission now in press. It is a thoughtful dis- education to certain life problems of cussion of the Book of Revelation the Korean people and suggest methwhich, as the author justly observes, ods of adjustment more in harmony is "a sealed book to a multitude of with a democratic theory of education. earnest Christians." To carry out this last purpose there is a discussion of the relation of mission Eugene Stock. By Georgina A. Gollock. education to political and economic 198 pp. 38. 6d. The Church Mission- problems, and to indigenous Korean ary Society. London. culture. The problem of adjustment Eugene Stock was one of the noblest, between missionary and national work- truest missionary leaders of the last ers and the conflict between intellec- half century. He was Editorial Secre- tual liberalism and religious authori- tary of the Church Missionary Society, tativism in Korea are also treated.

but he was far more. He was a stu- While this volume is a study of a spe- dent of missionary principles and pol- cific Korean situation, western edu- icy, a wise counsellor, a real statesman, cators should be interested in it as an a convincing public advocate, and a illustration of the application of Pro- noble Christian man. His greatest fessor Dewey's philosophy of education piece of work was the History of the to an oriental situation. The book can Church Missionary Society in four be strongly recommended to mission- volumes. No comparable piece of mis- ary educators in all parts of the world,.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1930

TO 'l'HE HAVANA

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Write to Dept. 20/or a copy 0/ our January Sale Boo~lct McCutcheon's Req. us Rzt. Off FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTY.NINTH ST. DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK THE ONLY GIFTS Evangelical Orphanage Spirit.filled Christian stewards like to make them. Within 1,000 Miles Annuity Gifts to the National Bible Institute Serving a territory two.thirds the size of are not only extraordinarily fine gifts, but the United States. they pay dividends in trained Christian workers proclaiming the Gospel at home Supported by the native church and any and abroad. offerings received. You can help greatly in evangelizing the We guarantee a Christian home, a Chris- world and enjoy tian education and a training for Christian service. a non-fluctuating income for life Your prayers we desire most of all. through an Annuity Gift.

Your interest will gladden our hearts. SECURITY STABILITY ~ S~VICE Your seventy.five (75.00) dollars will ~ ~ ~ LOt;)1 completely support a child one year. For detailed information write to Correspond with REV. W. G. NEVILLE THE NATIONAL BIBLE INSTITUTE Garanhuno, Pernambuco, Brazil 340 West 55th Street, New York City Your personal check wi:I be honored. Postage to Brazil 2 cents Don O. Shelton, Presideo! Hugh R. MODIo, Treasurer Please mention TRE ]rfISS[ONARY REVIEW OF THE 'VORLD in writing to advertisers. 1– !

I DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS January, 1930 Paye FRONTISPIECE-DELEGATES TO THE HAVANA CONGRESS. 5 A. THOUGHT FOR THE NEW YEAR •.•.•…….•……….. NOTABLE EVENTS OF 1929 .•..••……….•…•..•…….. , ……… . (l CONDITIONS IN THE NEAR EAST ………••…•••..•……•……… Robf.wt E. Speer 7 OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF 1929 FROM THE VUHVPOI.'lT Ol.' 'l'f[E l.'TERXJ,TIOYAL .MISSIONARY COUNCIl• . • • • • • • • • . . . • . • . • . . • • • . • • . • • . . • . . . . . . – _ . . . . . . . . . • . . A. L. Warnshuis ~) SIGNIl?ICANT EVENTS DI AMERICAN BO.-1RO MTSSIO:!';S • . . . . . . . . . • • . . . • . • . • • • • • . . . • . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lVaUam R. Strong nnd Ern cst W. Riggs 11 l10VEMEN'fS IN JAPAN AND CHOSE:S •••.•••••.••••••.•…•.•••.••• • John R. Edwards 13 A NEW PLAN IN THE METHODIST EPISCOPAl, CHl:RCII HorTH •.••••••••• W. W. Pinson 14 MORAVIAN AlrSSION IN NICAItAGUA Paul • . • • . • • • . • • . . • • . • • 0.00 ••••••••• deSchwei1dtz 15 U. Smith 16 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE S . . " " , E g b e r t lV, 0 0 • • • • • 0 0 0 • • 0 • • 0 • • 0 • • • • • REFORMED CHURCH IN 'l'HE Ul'IOITED STATF.S 4Ucn. •••.••••••. 0 ••••••• R. BftJrthoZomew 17 BAPTIST If'OREIGN MISSION SOCIETY .Joseph • • • • • • • • • • • 0 •• 0 •• 000 •••••• , . 0 O. RQ-bbins 18 WOMAN'S B;PTIST FOREIGN MISS[O)l SOCIE'fY 0,' 0 •••••••••••••••• Minll·ie V. Sandbern 20 REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA ••••••..•••. , . , ' , . " . , . 0 • , •• lVilUam Io Oham1)erlain 21 WORI{ OF THE HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL ••••••••••••••. 0 •••••••••• • 1VUUam R. King 28 HOME M ISSIONARY -VORK OD' P}R~EXSTHEY~'lR'EHI)U~A N ' YOl ltE N ..•…. 0 •Fl, P•IS• CMOP..K.Ia~. t herine B enne tt 24 HOME M ISSIONS AN D CHU RCH IN TH E M m'fnODIST CHURC H •••• • : . . . . • . . . • . • • . . •• . • • . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Jay S. Stowell 25 MISSIONS O~"' THE PRESBYTERIAN CTIL'RCII IN THE D. S. A. Al[(l~G THE MORMONS ..•••. •.•. ••……..•• . •. ….. .'.V.O.~..l.A.N.'.S . …… . , " ., .. , … , .Andrew J. M011tgomery 20 SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FoREIGN 27 CHURCH … _.. _…………….. _… _….. l[rSSIOSARY SOCIETY OF aT.HaE. M. E. Peale _.. _………….. Mr•.

BAPTIST HOllIE MISSION SOCIETY ………. . …… ahar!es L. White 29 THE CHRIST OF TIlE AMERICAN ROAD _… _…. _…………… _ahar/c. L. Goodel! 31 SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN ALASIC~ …… Herbert Bo<>th Smith 35 ……….. – – – – _Otis Oary 4~ THE FIRST MISSIONARY TO SAIL FHO:lr AMERICA PROPOSED UNION IN SOU~'I1 INDIA… . ….. . A,-thul' J. Brow" 43 LIVING BEYOND SPIRITUAl, INCO~[E …………………… . . Danie! J. Fleming 45 DEATH OF ~!RS. A. F. SeJIAUIOFJ,ER …. ___ .. _……… _… _………… _…….. 46 TOPICS OF TIm TIMES ………… . ………………………. – ……… , 48 EDITOR'S VISIT TO ASIA. "'l'HE BEST MISS[ON 8Tl'OY BOOI(S." SCOPE Ol!' MOlHtlRN ~"'OREIGN MISSIONS.

METHODS FOR WORli:J<:mS •……………………… EDIT"D BY MRS. F. 1. JOHXSO," 51 WOMAN'S FORJlJIGN MISSION BULI,E~'IN ……..•…… EDITED BY Fr.ORE"CE G. TYLER 56 WOMAN'S nOME MISSION BULLE'rT~ . . . . . . . . . 0 ••• 0 .EorrED pY Ii"'r.ORENC:Fl E. QeINf,AN 59 WORLD-WIDE OUTI,OOK …….•………………………………………….. 62 BOOKS WORTH READING …………..•.•……….••……………………… 78 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President WJtL I~ CHAMBERr.AIN, Vice-President DELAVAN L. 'PrERSON, 8ecretQJry Publication omc., 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-cIa•• matter at the Post Of1;ce, Harrisburf', Pa., under Act of Marcb 3. lR79. OBITUARY NEW BOOKS MR. FRANK M. BROCKMAN, for 20 years Western Money and the Chinese Church. Frank Rawlinson. 71 pp. 25c. Presthe senior secretary of the Y. M. C. A. byterian Missionary Press. Shanghai. in Korea died June lOth, at Princeton, 1929.

N. J. His work in Korea was conspic- Burning Beauty. Temple Bailey. $2. uous in his ability to hold the confidence 318 pp. Penn Pub. Co. Philadelphia.' 1929. of both Japanese and Koreans during The Church at Work. Clarence H. Bentense political antagonism. son. 155 pp. $1.25. Bible Institute of Los Angeles. 1929. • .. * The Drama of Christianity. S. L. Morris. THE REV. EDWARD BAXTER RILEY, a 147 pp. Presbyterian Committee of Publication. Richmond. 1929. worker for 27 years of the London Mis- The Lesson Round Table. Sunday-school sionary Society in Papua, died recently lessons for 1930. Edited by Richard D. Dodge. 359 pp. $1.25. Cokesbury in Australia. His book, "Among Papuan Press. Nashville. 1929. Head Hunters," is a valuable study in Making a New China. No Yong Park. folk lore. * .. 308 pp. $2.50. Stratford Press. Bos- ton. 1929. THE REV. FRANKLIN PIERCE LAWYER, Posture and Hygiene of the Feet. Philip Methodist missionary in Mexico for 28 Lewin. 47 pp. 30 cents. Funk & Wagnalls. New York. 1929. years, died at Inglewood, Cal., October The Story of Musa. Mary Entwistle. 84 4th. .. * .. pp. $1. Friendship Press. New York. 1929. JAMES CLARENCE OGDEN, of Tibet, died Eugene Stock: A Biographical Study. August 28th, at Hollywood, California. Georgina A. GoIlock. 193 pp. 3s. 6d. Church Missionary Society. London. Mr. Ogden joined the Sheltons in Tibet 1929.

in 1905. **~ Unpaid Ministry. James S. Mather. 24 pp. 25 cents. "Robert" Press. Co- PERSONALS lombo. 1929.

THE REV. CHARLES W. ABEL, of Kwato, Where East Meets West in China.. Char- New Guinea, arrived in New York in lotte Bacon. 96 pp. 2s. Sd. Marshall, November to spend several months in Morgan and Scott. London. 1929. America. He went to Papua 35 years ago, and was associated with James Chalmers who was killed by cannibals.

* ..

THE REV. JOHN RITCHIE, after 23 years of strenuous missionary service in Lima, Peru, has accepted an appointment in New York on the Committee of Co- operation in Lati..n A•me*rica.

MR. FRANK A. HORNE has been chosen COMING EVENTS to head the new Layman's Advisory Council of the Federal Council of .. . .. Churches of Christ in America.

THE REV. A. H. McKINNEY, D.D., vet- January 8-10-HoME MISSIONS CoUNCIL eran superintendent of the New York AND COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME City Mission Society, retired at the end of the year, and was succeeded by THE MISSIONS, Atlantic City, N. J. January 11-14-FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S REV. WILLIAM R. JALLIFFE, who was BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, Atcalled from an associate pastorate of the lantic City, N. J. . Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church, .. New York.. . January 14-17-FOREIGN MISSIONS CON- FERENCE, Atlantic City, N. J.

THE REV. ROBERT M. HOPKINS, D.D., January 14-17-CONFERENCE ON THE a General Secretary of the World's Sun- CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR, Washday-school Association, is in the Orient in conference with the leaders of Sunday- ington, D. C. school Associations of Japan, Korea, January 19-26-T E NTH ANNIVERSARY CONVENTION OF OHIO CoUNCIL OF China, and the Philippines. CHURCHES, <!olumbus, Ohio. .. * .. February 20-23-CONFERENCE OF MED- ICAL MISSIONARIES, Clifton Springs, THE REV. P. W. PHILPOTT, D.D., pastor of the Church of the Open Door, Los N. Y. Angeles, CaL, has accepted the presi- February 25-27-NATIONAL STUDY CONdency of the Africa Inland Mission, to succeed the late Dr. R. A. Torrey. FERENCE ON THE CHURCHES AND WORLD PEACE, Evanston, III.

March 7-WORLD DAY OF PRAYER.

LIII, No.1 January

THOUGHTS FOR THE NEW YEAR W E MAY well begin the New Year in the spirit of the 126th Psalm: Thanksgiving for the past-"The Lord hath done great things for us whereof we are glad." There have doubtless been disappointments, failures, perhaps illness or bereavement; but let us think of our blessings. They have been many, far more than we have deserved. "He hath not dealt with us after our sins, nor re- warded us according to our iniquities."

Prayer for the future-"Turn again our captivity, 0 Lord, as the streams in the South," our captivity to sin, to fear, to doubt, to worldliness. Let us pray for deliverance, a fuller consecration, an outpouring of the Spirit of God upon the Church and the world.

Never was it more needed than now.

Assurance for the future-"They that sow in tears shall reap in joy; he that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed, shall doubtless come again with rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him." Therefore the Christian worker may labor on, even though in pain and tears, but with confident faith that his labor will not be in vain.

So let every faithful follower of Christ face the New Year in the spirit of St. Paul's exhortation to his beloved Philippians: "In nothing be anxious; but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God.

And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall guard your hearts and your thoughts in Christ Jesus."

Freedom from anxiety and the peace of God! What richer blessings can the child of God desire? That every reader of this REVIEW may have them is the New Year's wish of the Editor..

And then let us hear again the Master's call to service: "Fol- low thou me"; "As my Father hath sent me, even so send I you" ; "All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth"; "Go ye therefore, and teach all nations …… And, 10, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world." A. J. B.

5

EVENTS OF

T HE closing year was one of money expended on church build- special interest in missionary ings. Meantime, unprecedented work both at home and sums are being poured out on eduabroad. Large and significant cational institutions in America. movements that were already The United States Bureau of Eduunder way received additional im- cation reports increased assets of petus, and some new movements colleges and universities from onedeveloped. In the varied work of third of a billion in 1900 to two and the churches amid the conflicting one-third billions in 1926. The ancurrents of our modern life, it is nual budget of.a single university not surprising that the record in- in New York exceeds by thirty per cludes lights and shadows. cent the budget of the largest Board of Foreign Missions which Disquieting Conditions has under its care six colleges and universities besides 101 middle and At home, there are some dis- high schools, 2,040 primary and quieting conditions. It is true that intermediate schools, an extensive many denominations report in- evangelistic and medical work, and creased memberships, some of part of the cost of maintaining 58 them having received the largest union universities and other instinumber on confession in their his- tutions. tory. The Federal Council Handbook of the Churches reports a Religion in Colleges church membership in the United States of fifty millions and increas- There are also disconcerting reing at the rate of a million a year. ports regarding the religious teach- Church property is worth four ings and spiritual conditions in millions, and the churches con- colleges and universities, and fears tribute annually $200,000,000, half are expressed that the interest of of which is given to benevolences. young people in the activities of Larger and better churches have the churches is not encouraging. been erected, or are in process of In these circumstances, Christian erection, than in any previous men and women are betaking year. More money for new church themselves to special intercession buildings has been raised in the for a fresh outpouring of the Spirit last five years than in the preceding of God. Many of the boards of fifty years. A few boards, too, have home and foreign missions are conreported increased contributions. ducting more carefully planned campaigns than ever before. A Surveys, however, of eleven de- great volume of prayer is being nominations by Charles H. Fahs offered, and faith is strong that the and Charles Stelzle show that con- tide of spiritual life will soon turn tributi'ons in many denominations in a more favorable way. But have been steadily falling off since there never has been a time when the peak year of 1921, and that it was more urgent that the followwhere there has been advance, it ers of Christ should renew their has not been commensurate with own spiritual life and reconsecrate the increase in membership and no- themselves to His service. where near the increase in the 6 Conditions Abroad precipitating difficult problems in Abroad, missionaries in some some fields, particularly in China, fields have seen but little visible is nevertheless a wholesome eviadvance as the result of their la- dence of vitality. Better far a resbors. There have been, as our tive and ambitious church than an Lord' foretold, "wars and rumors of apathetic one. Schools and hoswars ….famines and earthquakes pitals in many fields are crowded. in divers places, tribulation, and Evangelism is receiving greater many false prophets." But the fol- emphasis. Revivals are in proglowers of Christ have been cheered niss in several fields. Opportuniby remembering that our Lord also ties beckon on every hand. We no said: "See that ye be not troubled," longer need to pray, as our foreand that instead of making the fathers did, for the opening of tumult in the world a reason for inaction, He made it a renewed doors to the non-Christian world. challenge to preach "this Gospel They are wide open today, and or the Kingdom in the whole what we need to pray for is that the home churches may be given a world." wider outlook and a clearer under- But in spite of obstacles, on the standing of their duty to give the ·,vhole the year was one of sub- Gospel of Christ to all men.

stantial progress. Large accessions In order that our readers may are reported. The native churches have more detailed information, are taking more active part in the we invited several missionary lead- conduct and maintenance of Chris- ers to indicate the outstanding tian work and institutions. A events of the year from their re- healthier tone is being manifested. spective viewpoints. Their mes- The spirit of independence, while sages follow. A. J. B.

CONDITIONS IN THE NEAR EAST BY DR. ROBERT E. SPEER Committee on Coupera.tion in the Near East ; LL the missionary forces of the looking for ways in which they can support and more fully cooperate f i Near East are correlated with the agencies on the field in the Near East in these regards. now for mutual conference The drawing together of these and for a large measure of common Eastern peoples and the Western action in the Near East Christian peoples as a result of the war, the Council and with them are asso- contacts of the churches, east and ciated the Evangelical churches. west, in the Faith and Order and The Council is reaching out afresh the Life and Work movements and also to the old Eastern Churches the good will won by the wide minseeking to support the living reli- istry of the Near East Relief have gious elements in these churches helped to produce a new situation and to draw all real Christians to- of opportunity for service, an opgether in a new effort to rid Chris- portunity not free from peril and tianity of its age-old reproach to requiring wise counsel in order the Moslem mind, and to win the that only good may be done and Moslems to Christ.

The Western Churches also are

that none of the gains of a century ever come together in Persia at of work may be imperilled. Christian meetings, have assem- Meanwhile political conditions bled to hear the direct preaching have undergone no change for the of the Gospel and have listened better in the direction of real reli- with attention and response.

gious liberty. In Egypt the free- The overturnings in Afghan- dom of Moslem women to become istan have not as yet opened the Christians has been challenged and country to missionary occupation.

for the time being denied. In Irak Missionaries are waiting on three the government has invaded the sides, west and south and east, to guarantee of the mandate with the press in whenever the doors open.

open rebuke of the Mandates Com- Meanwhile thousands of Afghans mission of the League of Nations come for medical treatment to Pa- but without amendment of its sharvar and Meshed and back course of action. In Syria the man- home with some portion of the Bi- datory power has forbidden the re- ble in their packs and some word turn to Damascus of an efficient of the Gospel in their minds and Danish missionary who was work- hearts.

ing for MOSllems. In Turkey no The most tragic recent event in Christian teaching is allowed in the Near East, however, has been, mission schools and Islam is dises- of course, the troubles in Palestine.

tablished as the state religion and Foolish and ill-advised actions of religious liberty is declared but it small consequence touched off this is liberty only to hold one's own explosion but back of it are deeper religion, not for a Moslem to moral and economic and religious change and become a Christian, causes. The Jewish population is and the government schools in the a small minority of the land. It is lower grades provide courses of re- supported by a heavy annual influx ligious instruction in which Islam of money from the Zionist organ- is taught as the true and the only izations abroad. The Arabs see national religion. their dominance steadily en- The set against religion is croached upon and are unready or strongest in Russia and perhaps incompetent to meet new competi- weakest in Persia. The Soviet tion by an awakened life and the Government is deliberately seeking acceptance of modern conditions.

to extirpate religion. It is atheiz- Two wholly incongruous groups ing its schools and establishing are thrown together under circum- avowed anti-religious universities. stances rendering friction inevita- And it is curtailing and constrict- ble. Long and grave troubles are ing the scanty rights of religious ahead which, still, can be moderated freedom which have survived. In if wise leaders can be found who Persia, on the contrary, the gov- will apply in Palestine the methods ernment seems to be satisfied with of the Inter-Racial Commissions in the continued work of the mission America. But what has made these schools with larger freedom than commissions so successful in ad- is allowed by Moslem authorities justing relations between black and anywhere else, and as yet there has white in America is the common been no interference with medical Christianity of their members. If or evangelistic work. In Zenjan that were only possible in 'Palestine larger Moslem audiences than have today!

From the Viewpoint of the Inte1"national Missionary Council BY THE REV. A. L. WARNSHUIS, D.D. Secretary T HE work of the International missions in Africa. Mr. Paton Missionary Council, enlarged visited India and the Near East. and reorganized at its meet- Dr. Warnshuis has served the ing in Jerusalem in 1928, has been North American forces and has in developed and strengthened by the a large measure been responsible Chairman, Dr. John R. Mott, who, for maintaining the organization since the autumn of 1928, is giving work of the Council. his whole time to its service. The first half of the year 1929, Dr. The Williamstown meeting of the Mott spent in Asia. He partici- Committee of the Council was a pated in an enlarged meeting of noteworthy event of the Council's the National Christian Council in year. It was attended by delegates Madras, India; assisted in organ- coming from twenty-two countries, izing a National Christian Council elected by seventeen national conin Siam, and in reorganizing a Na- stituent bodies of the Council in tional Christian Council in the accordance with its revised consti- Philippine Islands. He shared in a tution. The principal business of series of regional conferences in the meeting was the adoption' of China which culminated in the plans to carry out the program and meeting of the National Christian recommendations of the Jerusalem Council in Hangchow where that COjlncil Meeting. The chairman's Council was reorganized to become tour, the visits of the secretaries, directly representative of the Chi- and correspondence from all parts nese churches. In Japan he at- of the world furnish evidence that tended the National C h r i s t ian the Jerusalem Meeting is influ- Council. In all of these countries encing in many ways the policies he met with various other groups and plans of churches and missions and conferences and made personal everywhere. The reading of the inquiries with reference to the different aspects of the Christian Williamstown minutes,* to which Mission. A summary of the impressions and recommendations re- reference must be made for fuller sulting from this visit is printed in information, will show how the the minutes of the Williamstown Council is trying to make its work meeting of the Committee of the helpfully effective along many lines, in the presentation of the Council. Christian Message, in religious The secretaries of the Council education, in relations between the younger and older churches, in the have each in their respective safeguarding of religious liberty spheres sought to serve the mis- and in overcoming other political sionary cause by bringing the far- difficulties, in the development of flung forces into closer relation- Christian literature, in research in ships that thus they may strength- *Copies of these minutes may be obtained en each other. Mr. Oldham has by application to the Secretary's office of the rendered special service to all the Int~rnati(lnal :Missionary Conncil, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City. Price 15 cents per copy.

9

social and industrial problems, in China, he made a study of mission the organization of educational work there. His expert advice en- commissions to India and to Japan, riched the Jerusalem Meeting.

in rural missions, and in various During the past winter he went on other matters. .Through all of a special mission to South Africa these extensive and comprehensive from which he only recently re- efforts, it is most noteworthy to ob- turned. He has now gone to India serve a marked strengthening of where he will spend the greater evangelistic purpose and activity. part of this year. After that, the • For that we thank God, and take International Missionary Council fresh courage. is planning for him to spend most In this enlargement of coopera- of the year of 1930-31 in China.

tive missionary work, the appoint- The purpose of this appointment ment of a third secretary, which is principally to study the need of was confirmed by the Jerusalem the rural communities from the Meeting, has made it possible for Christian point of view, to study Mr. Oldham to devote the major and evaluate the outstanding pieces part of his time to the problems of of rural work, and to help the Africa. A'plan for much more ef- Christian workers in India to de- fective cooperation in that con- velop a comprehensive constructive tinent has been outlined. With the program for the rural areas.

assistance of Miss Gibson in this The limitations of space prevent work and also of Miss Margaret any detailed reference to the plans Wrong, who is just beginning her of the Council in the development secretaryship of the new Interna- of carefully organized studies with tional Committee for Christlan regard to the financial support of Literature in Africa, it may be ex- missionary work and of the grow- pected that in the course of a few ing younger churches, of the mass years, missionary work in that movements in India, of freedom of great continent will more success- religious instruction, and 'of other fully meet the changing life of urgently pressing problems of the Africa and, with the blessing of world-wide work of the churches.

God, make it more Christian. Nor is there room here to tell of A significant development of the the inspiring. news that comes into Council's work may be seen in the the offices of the Council of the appointment of Dr. Kenyon L. But- great forward movements that are terfield as Counsellor on Rural a call to Christian believers every- Missions. Dr. Butterfield is known where to be more faithful in prayer as one of the foremost leaders in and more sacrificingly devoted in America in movements for the up- service. The churches in Japan are lift of country life, and has been united in a Kingdom of God Cam- the president for twenty-five years paign, the sorely harassed Chris- of two great state colleges of agri- tians of China are advancing in a culture. He has always been Five-Years' Movement, the evan- deeply interested in foreign mis- gelicals in Latin America are sions and for many years has been awakening to more united efforts, a vice-president of the American and all parts of Africa ask for Board of Commissioners for For- Christian leadership. For what is eign Missions. As a member of the Christian Church iIi North the Educational Commission to America waiting?

EVENTS IN

BOARD MISSIONS BY THE REV. WILLIAM E. STRONG, D.D., AND THE REV. ERNEST W. RIGGS, Secretaries I N THIS year 1929, the West al conduct of the Christian move- Africa Mission of the Ameri- ment are now distinctly under can Board in Angola is the field control of nationals: where the increase in discipleship Evidence is increasing that the has been most notable. Men and Turkish Government is sincerely women have been coming by hun- and progressively trying to build dreds to confess Christ and to seek a modern state. It is not hostile to admission to the church. The mis- Western ideas or agencies if they sionaries, pastors and church Iead- recognize Turkey's sovereignty and ers are overwhelmed with the task are calculated to cooperate with of training. The fact that the mis- Turkish aims. The year has seen sion is to celebrate its jubilee year many favorable actions of the gov- in 1930 enhances the joy over this ernment toward missionaries, as token of success. educators, doctors and personal The Madura Mission of the workers. There is a growing ap- American Board has had a special proachableness and spirit of in- committee this year studying the quiry on the part of the Turks, condition and needs of work for both men and women, adults and women in its area. It was felt that young people. Conditions are not efforts to reach girls and women uniform in all places or among all and to train them for Christian in- officials but the attitude is on the fluence in home and in community whole promising.

were insufficient. The inquiry has On April 1, 1929, announcement shown that the numbers of girls was made of a new law granting being educated in the mission suffrage to women. It was an- schools is disproportionately small. nounced that they would not only Plans are being formed to meet be permitted to vote but that they this situation and to stress more also could hold office. This fol- effectively the Christian culture of lowed the general attempt in the the womanhood of the land. early months of the year to teach The large North China field of everyone the new letters. Women the American Board has made gathered together in classes for changes this year in organization this purpose, and in the homes, which give increasing responsibil- shops and streets adults struggled ity and control to the Chinese with the new learning. One of our Church. The care and use of what missionaries estimates that during has been mission property (save the first four months of the new missionary residences) are put in year the number of literates among the hands of the governing board women increased by fifty per cent.

now called the Promotional Board American mission schools for girls of the churches, which is predomi- have correspondingly increased in nantly a Chinese body. The lines popularity and influence.

of work, oversight of churches, In May, 1929, the Turkish De- headship of institutions and gener- partment of Education for the first 11

time sent a student to study in the have been issued and it has been United States. He is a graduate made perfectly clear that our help of one of the missionary colleges along the line of practical arts and in Turkey and is to secure his doc- home economics is welcome. An torate in philosophy. This is sug- individual attempt to prevent pugestive of the idealism which pils from entering one of the mis- Turkey seeks in this country. sion schools last September was met by public protests not only to Another contact with America the local school authorities but to came through· the extended visit the Ministry of Education at Anmade by the Minister of Health to gora. At Adana the city council the United States during the late awarded a prize to the pupils of spring and summer. He came as the mission school for their orderly the guest of the Rockefeller Foun- conduct, their neatness and their unique exhibition at the time of a public celebration in the city.

In other lines than education our missionaries are finding their way slowly but surely. Playgrounds are crowded with eager youngsters learning discipline for the body.

Two missionary doctors have been added to the medical force in Tur- key and find hearty cooperation from the government. A family magazine being published jointly 'l'URKEY LEARNDW THE NEW ALPHABET by Americans and Turks in Con- stantinople is receiving broad recdation to study our systems of pub- ognition and has already probably lic health and hospitalization. In the largest sale of any magazine in a letter to one of the secretaries of the country. While not religious the American Board he says: "I in a technical sense it is clean and am anxious to cooperate and main- wholesome reflecting Christian tain our friendly relations with ideals throughout. your institutions in all that is necessary to facilitate the work in my Sometimes the missionaries in country." Turkey are criticized for doing so much for and with the Turks when In these and many other ways the chance to preach Christ by increasing confidence in American word of mouth is still limited. idealism is being demonstrated and There is true reason in this. To American schools and hospitals re- use the words of Dr. Watson, Presceive increasing tokens of friend- ident of Cairo University: "Alliness. During the year several most every religious term and new permits for missionary schools adjective bears a false meaning. Our supreme problem is religious and moral reality. . . . .. There is no effective way of getting our meaning across apart from ac- tion."

IN JAPAN AND

BY THE REV. JOHN R. EDWARDS, D.D.

Secretary, ~Methodist Episcopal Ohurch I N CONSIDERING the religious tion. Korea is a nation of farm- movements of 1929 in Japan ers, and a survey conducted two there seems to be only one- years ago brought out the terrible "The Million Souls for Christ Move- economic needs of the peasants.

ment." Originally this came from Even before this survey, some of the daring vision of a genuine mod- the mission boards were sending ern prophet, Toyohiko Kagawa. For out men having special training years he has been doing social in methods of rural church work, Christian work among the sub- and some missionaries were ex- merged classes of Japan's great perimenting with improved agri- centers, and through those years cultural equipment. About a year his emphasis has been upon ago, the National Young Men's changed lives which lead to Christian Association sent out changed conditions. He conceived Mr. Francis O. Clark, an expert the idea of securing a "million along these lines, whose task is to friends of Jesus," and the dream secure the cooperation of inter- captured the hearts of Christian ested missionaries in a nation-wide Japan so that the churches have effort to raise the economic level rallied to the slogan and the man. of the country people. Better ag- The National Christian Council, ricultural methods, improved seed, the directing agency for the fed- cooperative marketing, and similar erated churches, is backing the subjects are the means used.

movement, and evangelistically The Mission has completed the minded leaders from all denomi- plan begun by Bishop Welch in apnations are throwing themselves pointing Koreans to every official into carrying the dream into real- post in the church. All thirteen ity. The boldness and Christian district superintendents are now adventure inherent in a plan to Koreans. Missionary appointments reach a million people for Christ are only to evangelistic work. through the agency of the comparatively few Christians now ac- The General Conference has aptive are dominating the minds and proved the following statement: hearts of professing Christians. The year is proving an inspiring The supreme and controlling aim of Foreign Missions is to make the Lord one. Jesus Christ known to all men as their Korea presents problems and Divine Saviour, to persuade them to become his disciples, and to gather movements all her own. Although these disciples into Christian churches owned and administered by Japan, which shall be, under God, self-propa- the people, their needs and their gating, self-supporting, and self-gov- reactions are very different from erning; to cooperate so long as those of the Island Empire. necessary with these churches in the The outstanding effort of an in- evangelizing of their respective coun- terdenominational nature is cer- tries, and to bring to bear on all hu- tainly the emphasis being placed man life the spirit and principles of upon work for the rural popula- Christ.

13

A NEW PLAN IN THE

EPISCOPAL CHURCH SOUTH BY THE REV. W. W. PINSON, D.D.

T HE one outstanding depar- couraging. At the above rate about ture of the Mission Board in fifty per cent of the Board's total this quadrennium is in its cul- income was from this source, show- tivation and finance. It is a step ing how important it is.

towards putting the missionary The cultivation has been equally budget on a voluntary basis, and successful. In addition to millions was taken because of the practical of pieces of campaign literature, a impossibility of maintaining the book'for study has been issued and work through participation in a circulated each year. These books budget shared by all the benevolent have been prepared by the secre- boards of the church. It was found taries and have dealt with the im- that $1,000,000 must be secured by portant phases of the missionary some means outside this general situation. The remarkable sale of budget. This must provide for a these books is one of the most hope- church-wide appeal on the merits ful features of the movement. The of the cause, for a voluntary offer- first year 72,000 were sold, in 1928, ing that would express the interest 108,166; in 1929, 110,335.

of the people, and for adequate So far as I know, critics of this cultivation, through which the plan have no adequate substitute facts and needs might be made to offer. It scarcely need be said known. there are critics. It may be that at The General Conference of 1926 the General Conference, which authorized the inauguration of a meets in May, 1930, there will be plan by which the Board was to an attempt to repeal the action au- have free access to the churches thorizing the plan. If so, the alter- during January and February of natives proposed will no doubt be each year. All avenues of approach that the board withdraw from the were left open for such methods of Budget of Apportionment to the CUltivation as the board might various benevolent interests and adopt, with privilege of asking for rely alone on voluntary offerings, a voluntary offering with a million or that it seek a vast increase in its dollars as a goal. share in that budget, and rely on This plan is yet in its experi- the income from that source. The mental stage, but the results have latter is impracticable, and would been gratifying. It has saved the cripple the Board almost fatally.

. day for the Board in this difficult The first, with all risks involved, period, and the secretaries look up- would have the advantage of put- on it as the ,bright hope for the ting the cause on the conscience of future. Only two full years have the Church. It is there at last that elapsed since the inauguration of the cause of missions rests. Of all the plan. The first year the income causes it depends on the love and from this source was $787,933. loyalty of the people. Spontaneity The second it was $653,405. For rather than constraint is charac- the year 1929 the prospect is en- teristic of missions.

14

MISSION IN

BY THE REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D.

Prc.'fident of the Moravian Rocictv T HE largest mission field While some of these chapels are under the care of the Foreign doubtless primitive they testify to Missionary Society of the the value the Indians place upon Moravian Church in America is in the Gospel of salvation through Nicaragua among the Creoles, Mis- J esus Christ~ which they have rekito and Sumu .Indians, not among ceived through the Mission. the Spanish-speaking Caucasians. This mission is eighty years old, so After the inauguration of the naturally there is a large body of new President of Nicaragua, he Christians of even the second and invited Bishop Grossmann to visit third generations; but there are him, and Major Utley of the United still thousands of unevangeIized States Marine Corps sent the Indians in Nicaragua and Hon- Bishop from the East to the West duras, and· each year reports a Coast to Managua by aeroplane, large number of adult baptisms. thus enabling him to make the The net increase last year was 361. journey in a few hours, which The total number of baptized con- otherwise would have been a hazverts actually enrolled is 12,410, ardous and painful journey of besides a larger number of ad- weeks. The interview was folherents. lowed by results very favorable to the Mission. The work was greatly hindered during the years of the revolution- The settlement of the long ary fighting, as several of the sta- boundary controversy between tions were in the war zone, but the Nicaragua and Honduras threw work went forward. In his recent several Moravian Mission stations report, the superintendent, Bishop into Honduranian territory, and Guido Grossmann, wrote: "In when the Moravian missionaries spite of all drawbacks and hard- sought to visit their Indian conships, nine new church buildings verts they met with strenuous ophave been erected and dedicated position from local commandantes. during the year. Each one has So Bishop Grossmann paid an been built by the people themselves, official visit to the President of who have displayed much interest Honduras with happy results. in their labor. This is especially true of the church at Bilwas In this mission field the Mo- Karma. It is a fine, well-con- ravians have 13 stations, 25 outstructed edifice, which would call stations and 16 preaching places, forth favorable comment any- served by 24 foreign missionaries, where, and is an ornament to the by five ordained native ministers Wangks River. With the excep- and their wives, 65 native evantion of the hardware, everything gelists and assistants and 265 nais of native production. The tive helpers. There is a large field timber was grown and cut in the open here and the only serious obvicinity." stacle to great advance is the lack of men and means. For these we seek and earnestly pray.

15

CHURCH IN THE U. S

BY THE REV. EGBERT W. SMITH, D.D., Secretary T HE special effort made by Bible teachers are trained, is not our Church in 1928, reaching usually crowded because educated an average foreign mission natives cari make five or ten times gift of $3.74 per member, has been more money in the service of the followed this year by a falling off Congo Commercial Companies than in receipts compelling us to "go in the ministry. But President softly." Our nine missions in Crane writes: Africa, China, Japan, Korea, Mex- As for the Bible-school, we are overico, and South America, are this run with students, over 200 men and 150 year, in accordance with the instructions of our Executive Com- women, We have not gone out of our mittee, making a thorough restudy way to get these students. But we have been literally besieged with applications for entrance.

and reappraisal of all their policies From Brazil and Mexico come and methods with a view to the similar reports, while in China the elimination' of what experience has recent upheaval is now seen to proved inadequate and the secur- have been God's plowshare uping of the utmost efficiency and turning that hard soil for a mighty fruitfulness along aU lines of mis- harvest. A new openness to the Gospel is everywhere evident. One sionary endeavor. missionary writes of seventy-one Following our General Assem- coming for examination at a single preaching point. Says another: bly's initiative, our Committee is urging aU our missionaries to make Where I expected to find the usual this year memorable for evan- dozen or so coming up for membership, gelistic effort, stressing the Sa- I found 150. viour's last command, "Go ye and make disciples." Already the year Writes another: is notable for the spiritual awakening evident in nearly all our mis- We have a crowd every time we open the church.

sion fields. From Japan comes Says another: this official report: In two days' visiting in the country district, I found in several places whole Never before was there a time when families destroying their household idols the people seemed so anxious to hear the and declaring their faith in Jesus. Gospel, many coming to our doors inquiring the Way of Life. Another writes of 400 inquiries From Korea one of our mission- in his field and adds: aries writes: In many places I preached to crowds Last Saturday and Sunday the Chris- in the streets. In one place three of us tians had to sit or stand out side the preached to a crowd of over 150 till we building which was filled and jammed were exhausted. After three hours, the with non-Christians, as Mr. Kim people still stood and wanted to hear preached the good news to aching hearts. more. The Chinese evangelist told me he frequently had similar experiences. The From Africa comes the news people seem open to the Gospel as never that all our schools are full and before, many realizing that there is no . hope for China except in the Gospel.

turning away applicants for lack Each quotation is from a differ- of room. Our Bible School, where ent Station, showing how wide- native evangelists and women spread is the awakening.

16 STATES BY THE REV. ALLEN R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D., Secretary T HE past year has been one of Seven of our missionaries are unusual surprises and emer- in the United Mission in Mesopo- gencies in our three missions tamia. Evangelistic work is reach- -Japan, China and Mesopotamia. ing out into new areas. Two book- The workers abroad have given shops have been opened, one in anew to the supporters at home an Hillah and the other in Mosul. example of the Christian spirit The American School for Boys at which makes men strong in trial Baghdad has among its 400 stu- and challenges a greater trust in dents 14 nationalities and 16 re- the God of love. ligious sects. It is known as "a Special services were held in little League of Nations." A board- March and September at Sendai, ing department was opened in a in honor of the Fiftieth Anniver- building erected on rented ground. sary of the founding of the Japan The Bible has been faithfully Mission. There has been a gratify- studied in all the classes. There ing increase in the number of self- were 18 graduates-four Moslems, supporting churches. Many· stu- two Armenians, one Assyrian, four dents in our institutions have ac- Chaldeans, and six Jews. The cepted Christ. A gift of $50,000 Girls' School at Baghdad has had by a noble woman, the largest ever a good year, enrolling 115 pupils. given, for the new North Japan College Chapel, was a happy sur- By action of the General Synod, prise. Five new missionaries have the Board is to serve as the agency been added to the Mission. of the Church for the relief of our sister churches in Europe, co- Doors which had been closed for operating with the Central Bureau two years were reopened upon at Geneva, Switzerland. much of the work in the China Mission. A brighter day is dawn- The finances of the Board have ing. New Year's Day, 1929, saw been in a more encouraging con- 15 of our missionaries again on dItion than in former years. Care the field, and nine others have re- is being exercised in keeping the turned during the year and were expenses within the income. warmly welcomed by the Chinese. The new educational policy under The number of Japanese who the direction of the Church of emigrate each year is steadily in- creasing. Of the more than 120,- Christ in China was introduced. 000 that will leave this year, Brazil will get the largest quota, ten thou- United school work is being done sand. Other favored places are the at Changsha and Wuchang. The Philippines, Peru, Central Amerevangelistic work has gained a new ica, and the islands of the South Seas. Specially organized corporafervor. One missionary predicts tions in Japan help these colonizers that the next five years will wit- to their new homes. To Manchuria ness a large ingathering among and Korea, the Japanese, because the Miao tribes in West Hunan. of climatic conditions, dislike to go.

17 3

FOREIGN MISSION

BY THE REV. JOSEPH C. ROBBINS, D.D., Foreign Secretary BURMA, with its abounding murderer and a bandit chief. He natural resources, lying, as it came under the influence of Judson does, between India and at Moulmein, and in May, 1828, China, is one of the richest and he was baptized by George Dana most strategically located prov- Boardman, at Tavoy. He became a inces of the Indian Empire. Great veritable apostle to the Karens, changes are now taking place. winning thousands to Christianity. There is everywhere evident an in- There are now nearly 200,000 tense nationalism, marked by an Christian Karens in Burma. Last increased interest in politics and year, a deputation from America, education, and by a renaissance of with 2,000 people of the different Buddhism. The demand for politi- races from all parts of Burma, cal separation from India is prac- gathered at Tavoy to celebrate the tically una.nimous on the part of centenary of the baptism of this the Burmans, who claim that his- first Karen convert. At a continuatorically, racially, geographically, tion of the Centenary Celebration economically, and religiously there in Rangoon, the Governor of the is no justification for the existing Province, Sir Charles Innes, said: political connection with India. In- This is a great day for the Chris- tian Karen community of Burma. dia is Aryan, Burma is Mongolian; Christianity among the Karens is no longer dependent for its life on in- India is Hindu and Mohammedan, spiration from outside. It has taken Burma is one of the great Bud- root and draws a great part of its sustenance from the Karens themdhist countries of the world. Final- selves. Karen churches are to a large . extent self-supporting and self-govern- Iy, B urma completely separated ing. The work is carried on largely IS through the Karens themselves ….. . Christianity has proved a powerful from India by almost impassible lever for raising the moral as well as mountains and by the Bay of Ben- gal. Burma, with a population of thirteen million people, thinks she has a just case in urging political separation from India.

The peoples of Burma are also the material condition of the Karens. With them education goes hand in manifesting today a g row i n g hand with religion. Where there is a .knowledge and appreciation of the church, usually there is also a school, life and teachings of Jesus. From and some of the schools I have seen a missionary viewpoint, the out- have surprised me by the excellence of standing event of the past year was their buildings, and the thoroughness the Ko Tha Byu Karen Centenary of their equipment. The more so be- Celebration. Adoniram Judson, pi- cause the Karens are not usually rich, oneer missionary to Burma, had and money has frequently been sub- been in Burma a number of years scribed at considerable personal sacri- before he knew there was such a fiee. A community which is ready .lInd willing to spend money on its schools people as the Karens, a wild, jun- needs have no fears for the future, gle race that lived in the mountains and I have no doubt that the Karens of the Province. Ko Tha Byu, the are destined to play an increasingly first Karen convert, had been a important part in the life of Burma.

18 An interesting recent develop- intensified by the work of the semiment in missionary work in Burma nary and college evangelistic bands, is the remarkable response of the led by. missionary Dyer. Burma Kachins, one of the wild races of had a delegation of forty young northern Burma, to the Christian men and women at the Quadrenmessage. This race is definitely nial All India Student Conference moving from its old traditions and in Madras in December, 1928. A animistic religion into a new day Burma student evangelistic band of education and Christianity. The has recently crossed the Bay of three organized groups of Kachins Bengal and held evangelistic meet- -the Namkham Association, the ings in some of the mission schools Myitkyina Association, and. the of India. Bhamo Association-have each petitioned for additional missionaries Adoniram and Ann Hasseltine to take advantage of the present Judson lived six years in Burma response of these people to Chris- before they won their first convert. tianity. The Kachins themselves That lone believer of 1819 has now are taking a large initiative in seIf- become a multitude. The Bible has support and in evangelistic and ed- been translated into most of the ucational work for their tribe. languages of Burma, and there are now planted in all parts of the There is today a new spirit of Province strong churches of misevangelism manifest among the sionary passion and evangelistic Christians of all the peoples of Bur- zeal that are a prophecy of the day ma, and this spirit has been greatly when Burma will be won to Christ.

JUDSON COLLEGE, BURMA SOCIETY BY MISS MINNIE V. SANDBERG, Foreign Secretary A SIGNIFICANT event of the bodies and the opening of a new past year was the laying of one, at the same time developing , the cornerstone of the Ad- Moanza and Leopoldville as regu- ministration Building and of the lar stations.

Woman's Building of Judson Col- This year has also marked the lege, the only Christian college in sixtieth anniversary of the Girls'

Burma. The College has a faculty School at Dngole, South India.

of 32 Americans, Burmans, and In- Soon after Dr. Clough arrived in dians, and a student body of 278. Dngole, his wife Harriet opened a With the completion of the build- primary school on the veranda of ings, at a cost of a million dollars, her home, with only six pupils in on the new site at Kokine, the Col- attendance. This was the first lege will have a complete material girls' school in a region of about equipment. 7,000 square miles and among more The cornerstone of the new than a million people. Education Woman's Hall was laid by Lady for women was then a thing quite Innes, wife of the Governor of unknown. During the past year Burma. The building will provide the enrolment was 336, with 200 a home for the 75 young women living in the boarding home. There who are students at Judson Col- has been a constant effort to mini.

lege, two of whom are doing grad- mize the difference between life in uate work for their Master's a little village and in a big station Degrees. like Dngole. To this end, simple Fifty years of Christian effort in projects suited to Indian life are Congo called a number of visitors carried out. Hygiene and domes- from America to celebrate the J u- tic science are related to the home bilee of Christian missions in that life in the boarding department land. Following this meeting the and work with the hands has an missionaries of the Baptist Boards important place. Gardening, spin- in the Congo met for conference at ning, weaving plain cloth, net-mak- Sona Bata. After two years of ing, rope-making, book-binding and study a comprehensive plan for poultry-keeping, all have their part the development of the work of the in the daily life of the school. All mission was adopted. This pro- the cooking and housekeeping are gram calls for the reorganization done by the girls. Food supplies of the work in the turning over of are sold to the cottages by a com- two stations to other Christian mittee of the older girls.

Eternal Goodness, grant us to walk before Thee in the glory of a lighted mind, serving our fellows with hands skillful and love-anointed. Dwell within us with the spirit of power and the deep peace of a triumphant hope; then we shall serve Thee in fruitfulness and joy. And when the day is done, and our work is ended, and the night falls, may the dimness of our evening be the dawn of Thy eternal morning. In His name, Amen.

-JOSEPH FORT NEWTON.

20

CHURCH IN

BY THE REV. WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, PH.D., Secretary D EVELOPMENTS d uri n g the Church have become more 1929 in the Amoy Mission, acute and are being studied mutu- the oldest of the Reformed ally and with harmonious results.

Church in America, have been The Arcot Mission in India is characterized by great uncertainty looking forward with keen inter- because of undisciplined troops est and elaborate preparation to coming from without the area of the commemoration of the comple- the Mission and, through Commu- tion of seventy-five years, in Janu- nistic propaganda, so disturbing ary, 1930. The emphasis is being conditions that the only wise course placed upon the enlargement of the seemed to be for all missionaries of Christian community and Church inland stations to remove tempora- through earnest, persistent evan- rHy to the port city of Amoy. This gelism, in the hope that at least brought about interruption, not 3,000 members will be added to the only to evangelistic work, but also Church as the Jubilee offering of to medical and educational work, the Mission, thus raising the Chris- particularly the latter, since there tian community to a membership is a fresh insistence upon the gov- of 25,000. Encouraging progress ernment "recognition" of schools to this end has been made during upon the basis of omitting religious the year. The financial objective is exercises and Bible instruction the raising of Rs. 75,000, repre- from the curriculum. For the pres- senting Rs. 1,000 for each year in ent the schools continue under a the history of the Mission. This modified status, having freedom of fund has been raised primarily by management and conduct, but the voluntary contribution of one without the status of government month's salary from each mission- "recognition." No special disabili- ary, catechist and teacher, and by ties seem thus far to be attached to contributions in kind from the vil- this modified procedure. These may lage Christians.

develop later. A Deputation from the Board From its earliest history, mis- will be present at the JUbilee Ex- sionaries of the Reformed Church ercises, and will also visit the in South China have promoted the other mission fields of the Church.

organization of a united church as- The Japan Mission, concentrat- sociating themselves with the mis- ing upon the Island of Kyushu in sionaries and Christians of the the south of the Empire, is length- English Presbyterian and London ening its cords and strengthening Missionary Societies in the same its stakes in the field of village area. The momentum of seventy evangelization. A new and effec- years in the life of the United tive organization has been formed Church of South Fukien has aided for the cooperation of Japanese in the recent organization of the and missionaries in the promotion United Church of Christ in China. and direction of this united effort.

By this larger union the problems The major achievement of last of the relationship of Missions and year was the reconstruction of 21

Ferris Seminary, Yokohama, which year that the persistent Christian was destroyed by the earthquake testimony of our missionaries is of September, 1923. The comple- having its effect in the conversion tion of the main building, bearing of individual Mohammedans. There the memorial name of Miss Kuy- is a readiness not only to listen to per, the principal, who lost her life the story of Christ but to regard in the earthquake, and its dedica- Him as a unique Teacher in the tion in June, 1929, occasioned great spiritual realm. There is less tendrejoicing. The cooperation of pu- ency to compare Him with the pils and parents, the alumnre and Prophet Mohammed, with conse- Government officials, political and quent antagonism, and a larger educational, has been remarkable. willingness to consider Jesus Christ as a true interpreter of God. Another major achievement in which the Reformed Church Mis- The building of the Jubilee sion has participated has been the Girls' School in Basrah and the notable advancement toward as- growing strength of the Boys' sumption of the support and ad- High School in that station, are ministration of theological educa- giving our educational work a tion, particuJarly in Tokyo, by the place of increasing importance, Church of Christ in Japan. The while the medical work in Bahrain, Synod at its annual meeting in Oc- Kuwait, Muscat and Amarah, the tober accepted the offer of the two coastal and river stations, increases theological schools in Tokyo to influence in winning attention to pass themselves over to the juris- the Christian message and its diction of the Church, with diminishing subsidies of the associated fruits. missions, Presbyterian and Re- The United Mission in Mesopoformed. It is hoped that a strong independent Divinity School in tamia, in which the Reformed Tokyo will be developed within the Church in America cooperates next ten years, the basis being the with the Reformed Church in the two in Tokyo associated with the United States and the Presbyteri- Meiji Gakuin and with the Church an Church in the U. S. A., strengthand work of the late Dr. Uemura. ened its staff and its work during the past year. The steady evan- The Arabian Mission among gelistic work carried on through Moslems in the very cradle of Bible shops and coffee shops in the Islam has been developing slowly cities of Baghdad and Mosul and but surely. While the organization Hillah, and the increasing strength of the Church in this hard field has of the Boys' and Girls' Schools in not yet been brought about, there Baghdad, have been notable feahave been evidences in the past tures of the past year, and the out- look is encouraging.

AVIATION IN BRAZIL Brazil is rapidly becoming convinced of the advantages of aviation. Last year the Companhia Viru;ao Aerea Rio Grande ftew its planes 108,860 kilometers and carried 1,530 passengers. The Condor Syndicate's planes flew 366,224 kilometers, carrying 5,224 passengers. The letters carriej by the Compagnie Generale Aeropostale (a French aviation company serv- ing Brazil) totaled 8,112,820, and its kilometrage rose from 69,415 to 481,185.-New York Times.

OF THE HOME MISSIONS

BY THE REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D.D.

l1a:c('utive ~~'ccrct(1;ry of the Ooun(,~il T HE' work of the Home Mis- given sections. Considerable inter- sions Council for the year est is being developed in this effort.

1929 has proceeded along the Second, the meeting in January usual lines with gratifying results. of the three large commissions There is a growing spirit of good- that are preparing for the North will and Christian comity among American Home Missions Congress the denominations, and an increas- which is to be held in Washington, ing desire on the part of the de- D. C., December 1-5, 1930. More nominational boards to work out a than one hundred carefully selected finer interdenominational coopera- men and women, who constitute tion. In addition to the regular these commissions, met in Atlantic lines of work, through the various City for two days in January to re- standing committees and the State view the work of the previous year Home. Missions Councils, the out- and to make plans for further standing events for the year have study and research during 1929 been in connection with the Five- and 1930. This meeting revealed Year Program of Survey and Ad- the interest that is being taken in justment. Four things may be the coming Congress and gave mentioned as the most significant promise of a great epochal meet- events of the year in this program. ing in Washington this year.

First, the organization of state Third, the Council, with the co- and regional councils and commis- operation of the Council of Women sions. Two new State Home Mis- for Home Missions, the Federal sions Councils have been organized Council of Churches and the Comduring the year-New Mexico and munity Church Workers, is mak- Arizona. The Home Missions ing a survey of the entire United Council is cooperating with the States to discover the conditions in Quadrennial Extension Program small towns and rural sections with of the Federal Council of the reference to overchurching, inade- Churches in an effort to secure in quate churching, and overlooking.

every state an inclusive State This survey is under way in fifteen Council of Churches. Two of the states. One State, New Ramp- State Councils-Montana and Ore- shire, has been completed in which gon-have voted to join in a State 83 towns were found to be over- Council of Churches as soon as churched, 33 towns inadequately other state interdenominational churched, only 15.4'10 of the popagencies will agree to cooperate. ulation of the State is in the mem- First steps have been taken toward bership of the Protestant Church; the organization of interdenomina- 33.1 % is Roman Catholic, and tional home mission commissions 50.9 % is totally unchurched. Some in certain rural regions, which striking instances of overchurching shall be charged with the local re- were found, communities of 1,000 sponsibility of coordinating the to 1,500 people with as many as home mission activities of these seven Protestant churches. Seven- 23

teen towns with a total population the United States. By the estabof 8,709 have 50 churches, or an lishment of a Joint Committee of average of one for every 161 per- r.ine, three each from the Home sons. The aggregate church mem- Missions Council, Federal Counbership is 1,317, or an average cil of the Churches, and Commembership per church of 26. munity Church Workers, a plan These conditions in New Hamp- has been devised to care for the inshire are typical of conditions that terest of the independent comobtain all over the country. munity churches of the country, so as to hold them in connection Fourth, the fourth outstanding with organized Protestantism and event of the year is the cooperative the regular going order of the agreement that has been effected churches. with the community churches of HOME MISSIONARY WORK OF PRESBYTERIAN WOMEN BY M. KATHARINE BENNETT BOl>rd oj Nationa! Missions of the Presbyterian Onurah in the U. S. A.

T HE year 1929 has been San Juan, Porto Rico. At the marked by a fine building former, a new hospital of 75 beds program for the schools and has been built and the former hospitals cared for through the small hospital building has been Board of National Missions of the remodeled as a Teachers' Home.

Presbyterian Church. Teachers' In Porto Rico, a splendid new homes at Wasatch Academy, Utah, Nurses' Home, named Sellew Hall and at Cardenas, Cuba, make pro- in memory of her whose gifts made vision for retaining married men this possible, will care for one hun- on the staffs and for housing more dred nurses and increase the hos- comfortably some single workers. pital capacity. Smaller buildings Allison-James School, Santa Fe, and repairs in many places increase New Mexico, and Farm School, efficiency and the comfort of the North Carolina, have each dedi- missionary workers.

cated a new dormitory to replace As the mission field is surveyed, buildings that had to be abandoned. the constant adaptation of service Sheldon Jackson School, at Sitka, to changing needs becomes a factor Alaska, has a much-needed Indus- that is of interest and importance.

trial Building, making possible the Local conditions are as varied at teaching of more varied types of mission stations as elsewhere, and work and thus preparing students there must be at all times the study better to meet the needs of the Ter- of these and a flexibility of pro- ritory. Tucson Indian Training gram to meet them. There is great School, Arizona, proudly adds to encouragement in the increasing its campus a Graduate Home for leadership and cooperation of local boys who, having finished grade groups which point toward the work at the school, will attend the final assumption of full responsi- city high school. bility by them – the desideratum Medical service is being much toward which all service must enlarged at Ganado, Arizona, and strive.

MISSIONS AND CHURCH

IN THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH BY THE REV. JAY S. STOWELL Director of Publicity and Promotion DURING the fiscal year ending gelical Congress held in Havana in October 31st, the program June was attended by several of of work extending over the our secretaries and by representa- United States and into Hawaii, tives from our churches in Porto Alaska, Porto Rico, and the Do- Rico and the joint enterprises of minican Republic continued on a the Dominican Republic. It was relatively even keel with encourag- an occasion for broadening hori- ing reports from all parts of the zons and gaining new strength and field, but no resources were avail- courage for the work ahead.

able for the undertaking of urgent During the year a number of new projects. Porto Rican churches destroyed . Because of limitation of funds by the hurricane have been re- and as a matter of policy, special stored. The immigration of an in- emphasis has been placed upon the creasing number of Porto Ricans development of self-support. Ad- into the United States is creating vance steps have been made in in- a new challenge. Several Porto terdenominational cooperation at Rican congregations have been a number of points. Notable among built up and Porto Ricans are now these projects is the plan for han- settling in neighborhoods formerly dling the school work for Spanish- occupied by other national groups speaking boys in Albuquerque including New York's Little Italy.

jointly with the Presbyterians, re- Our Department of Evangelism suIting in a practical federation of has given specia) assistance to the Harwood Boys' School with the churches in locating and reclaim- Menaul School. Cooperative enter- ing nonresident inactive members.

prises in government In d ian At present it is promoting "preach- schools, in the Dominican Repub- ing missions" and other evangelical lic, and in many local fields, par- enterprises, and aiding churches ticularly in larger parishes in in their preparations to make this rural areas, have been continued 1900th anniversary of Pentecost a and extended. notable year in the field of evan- The great influx of Filipinos into gelism.

Pacific Coast states has created a An unusual departure this year new challenge and opportunity, has been the launching of a new and, during the year considerable periodical of church administraprogress has been made in culti- tion known as "The Pastor's J ourvating this important field. Much nal." It has met an amazingly of this work for Filipinos is now cordial reception on the part of the handled in American churches. pastors and has seemed to fill a An important conference of Fili- very definite and long-felt need.

pinos and Filipino workers was Two new superintendents of de- held in San Francisco in 1929. partments have taken up their re- The Hispanic American Evan- sponsibilities this year-Dr. F. W.

25

Mueller, Superintendent of the Unfortunately, our fiscal year Department of Church Extension, ending October 31, 1929, closed succeeding Dr. W. L. McDowell; with a deficit of. approximately and Dr. C. A. Richardson, Super- $200,000, so that some curtailment intendent of City work, succeeding and readjustment of work will be Dr. M. P. Burns. necessary in the year ahead.

MISSIONS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A. AMONG THE MORMONS BY THE REV. ANDREW J. MONTGOMERY, D.D.

Director, TrHl'1t and CountlJ D('pa1~tl1u:nt A RECENT study of the mis- ary work in reachable outstations. sionary map and forces of There is only one county in Utah, Utah and southern Idaho, and none in southern Idaho, in the home of nearly four-fifths of which Protestant churches have the followers of Joseph Smith and not established missions or 'visited.

Brigham Young, may cheer those the Mormon villages through Sunwho are intloi~ested in the work of day-school colporteurs or by sum- the Protestant Church in our Gali- mer itineration. The larger Prot- lee of the Gentiles and the cities estant churches have also a and villages of our Samaria. resident bishop, superintendent or There are 200 Protestant min- executive who visits the missions isters in this region, 75 in Utah aided or supported by the church and 125 in southern Idaho. Over which he serves and scores of other fifty of these ministers are resi- adjoining settlements.

dent pastors of self-supporting Beside these ordained or com- churches, ten in Utah and forty in missioned ministers, the Protestant Idaho. Ten teach in the Protes- churches have three academies and tant colleges and academies. The an interdenominational college in churches also support ten Sunday- Utah and two academies and two school missionaries or colporteurs colleges in' southern Idaho. Sixty inside the Mormon lines. These teachers are at work in these acad- men help us keep in touch with emies and c'oIleges in Utah and little fellowships beyond the fre- nearly as many in the academies quent ministry of settled mission- and colleges of Idaho. In one acad- aries and do an effectual service in 'emy, which has an enrollment of the hinterlands of the Mormon over 200, sometimes as many as area. forty per cent of the pupils are of Besides these traveling mission- Mormon heredity or training. Sev- aries, the Protestant churches have eral churche,s also support com- over one hundred ministers who munity workers, kindergartners are partially or wholly supported and deaconesses, usually in fields by the various church boards and otherwise unoccupied. There are are resident in dominantly Mor- at least fifteen of these good wom- mon communities. These mission- en who are doing missionary work aries minister not only to the little in our Samaria under the direction flocks in the towns or villages in of the boards of the Protestant which they reside, but do mission- churches.

ANNIVERSARY OF THE WOMAN'S

FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH BY MRS. C. C. PEALE, Cincinnati, Ohio T HERE recently closed in Co- people, was taken with some doubt lumbus a meeting unique in as to its wisdom. The President the annals of missionary ac- of the Chamber of Commerce said tivities. It was the annual meeting to the women of Columbus, "There of the General Executive Commit- are not enough people in the United tee of the Woman's Foreign Mis- States interested in Foreign Mis- sionary Society of the Methodist sions to fill this hall." He sat on Episcopal Church, but combining the platform Sunday night and with it the celebration of the six- saw hundreds of people unable to tieth anniversary of its organiza- get in. It became necessary for tion. the police and firemen to take charge of the situation, and for Mrs. F. I. Johnson, President of three days literally to guard the the Federation of Woman's For- entrances to prevent a panic.' The eign Missionary Boards of the streets were thronged with earnest- United States and Canada, was the faced women with notebooks in moving spirit of the anniversary their hands, hurrying to imbibe the days. For two years her ingenious knowledge being given by specialand inventive mind worked out ists, missionaries, nationals, and the details. It has been said of her men and women from every dethat she "specializes in the impos- partment of Christian activity. sible," and where others were faint-hearted and felt that the ob- The scene in Memorial Hall can stacles were too great to be over- hardly be described. It might be come, this little dynamo of human compared in miniature to the great energy never faltered in the task. Centenary held a number of years To her, more than any other wom-. ago and, like a miniature, it was an, is due the honor for the over- delicately wrought out showing whelming success' which crowned the evidence of a woman's hand her labors. and planning. A large painting made in sections by school girls of Women came by the hundreds Japan almost covered the ceiling. and thousands from every section Other paintings used as a backof the United States. Situated as ground and representing many Columbus is in the heart of Meth- countries, were displayed as misodism, every city and hamlet sent sionaries brought the story of the large delegations until the local progress of the Gospel. committee in despair ceased to register the throngs. By actual Booths lined the walls, some of count, 5,713 were present, but them filled with Oriental displays many "did not register and there and others representing the eleven were probably 8,000 people in at- branches, showed the resources tendance. from which missionary money is Memorial Hall, seating 4,000 secured. The Communion Booth 27

with its mahogany table from might be described-a woman with Japan, prayer rugs from South toil-worn hands weeping over the Africa, communion cups from little cup. "I wanted so much to China, delicately and intricately be a missionary," she said to a wrought linens from Mexico, brass friend, "but I could not fit myself plates from Korea, silver pitcher so I have kept a child for years in from France, and rugs from Bul- one of the schools in China. Pergaria and Africa, was the center haps this cup is from that school." of reverent interest. The last night was thrilling. A The unpacking of the "Love great map of the world was at the Gifts" in the basement of Memorial back of the platform with lines of Hall transported us from prosaic electric light converging at Co- America to the mysterious Orient. lumbus. As cables were read by Queer-shaped hampers, baskets of nationals, the light ran down to different kinds, trunks and boxes Columbus, Calcutta, Tokyo, Hamyielded up their treasures. Hand- merfest, Lovetch, Algiers, Singawork from the schools brought a pore, until all the countries had vision of dusky faces bent intently sent their messages. Then the over their work. Hundreds of circle of light ran around the whole pairs of cunning Chinese shoes world and it was complete. When with cat faces, gifts of brass from Senor Mario Cappelli, the conse- Korea and India, woven baskets crated singer, sang, "If with all and trays, costumes from many your hearts ye truly seek Him," lands, linens from Lingayen, form- and facing an illuminated cross ed a bewildering array that made poured out his soul in "The Old the work fascinating. Over it all Rugged Cross," and the "Taps" the odor of far-away lands, cloves were sounded for the close of this and spices, made us think of the wonderful meeting, we were ready docks in Boston; and to crown all for the "Reveille" which was the gifts, the lovely silver bowl from beginning of a new epoch in mis- Burma which, on the last night, sionary work. The watchword for was to hold the anniversary gifts the new decade is "Forward-Toof 112 women-$112,OOO-what a gether-To the Unfinished Tasksight that was! To Know Christ and to Make Him Known." The missionary cause The Sunrise Communion Serv- has received an impetus which ice was a scene never to be for- will tell mightily in the coming gotten-the tall candelabra of Indian brass shedding a soft light, years. the organ playing softly, and the The city of Columbus was deeply thousands of women in solemn procession receiving the bread from stirred by the crowds and the inthe twenty-two laquer trays and terest shown in a religious gaththe wine from the porcelain cups- ering. Even the taxicab men said the gift of the women of China- they could not understand why peoand to be carried away. Eight ple would stand so long to get into hundred women were standing in a missionary meeting. Governor the rain at 4: 30 A. M., waiting for and Mrs. Myers Y. Cooper gave a the doors to open. The service con- beautiful reception at the Executinued three hours and 5,000 com- tive Mansion and attended many muned. Many touching scenes of the sessions.

A brilliant array of speakers

BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY

were on the program. Bishops Tupper, and others charmed every- Nicholson, Leonard, McConnell, one by their gifts of speech and Welsh, Warne, Hamilton, Oldham, song. and McDowell; Dr. J. M. King, a colored man, Mr. Cuadra from the Mr. Homer Rodeheaver led the Philippine Islands, Dr. J. M. M. vast throngs in song which con- Gray, Dr. John R. Matt, Mrs. tributed greatly to the success of Henry Peabody, Judge Florence every service. Mrs. Thomas Nich- Allen, Mrs. Ella M. Boole, Presi- olson showed herself to be a master dent Soper, Rollin H. Walker, Dr. in the difficult art of presiding S. D. Gordon, and others. over such a large assembly. Her words were like "apples of gold in A group of Nationals among pictures of silver," and she rose to whom were Miss Lillian Wu, Miss every occasion with a dignity which Carol Chen, Mrs. Induk Kim, Miss was beautiful and charming. Avelina Lorenzana, Miss Helen BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY . BY THE REV. CHARLES L. WHITE, D.D.

n/T OUR doors, throng the peo- ness, vice, crime, and degradation. pIes of every land. In the Like Jesus Himself in the days of work of evangelizing these old, the workers in these centers new Americans, Baptists are ex- make themselves a part of their pected to have large responsibili- neighborhood, a healing part, a ties. The magic growth of the helpful, hopeful, and saving part.

cities, with populations from forty Many are the stories of self-sacri- to sixty per cent of foreign birth fice and unheralded heroism on the or parentage, has created large sec- part of the workers which come tions where thousands of people from these life-saving stations are without church privileges. every year, and into the thousands Our foreign-speaking pastors and run the number of lives which, Christian center workers report a through the ministries of these response to the Gospel on the part workers, have caught sight of of these racial groups that should Jesus as their Saviour and have hearten everyone who finds it a yielded themselves to Him.

joy to build with Christ. The educational work of the So- From the experimental stage of ciety is facing far-reaching deci- ten years ago, our center work has sions. The rapid development of already passed into that stage of our schools for Negroes into col- its development where we can point leges and the greatly increased to definite permanent results and cost of carrying on a college bring where we know with a fair degree us again to the question of the fu- of certainty whither we are going. ture of some of our schools. Thirty We now have forty-four institu- years ago, $10,000 a year would tions which claim the distinction maintain a school of 400 children of being full-fledged, half-grown, below the twelfth grade. Now or budding Christian centers. Many $40,000 will not maintain a school of them are nothing less than life- of 300 college students. Yet the saving stations set in the midst of appropriation of our Society for stormy communities of ungodli- these schools has hardly changed

in these years. We have, however, commodated in the present buildsecured partial endowments for ings. A choice piece of land of fifty three or four of them, and students acres has been purchased for the pay much more tuition than for- Baptist Academy in Barranquitias. merly. We have also reduced the In Mexico the laws do not allow us number of schools to which appro- to hold public worship in rented priations are made. buildings or private homes. There- fore the Home Mission Society is The mission schools for negroes, called upon to help provide church as well as the other institutions of buildings if the Gospel is to be learning maintained by the Society, planted in new centers. The exare evangelizing agencies, minis- penditure of $50,000 per year for tering to their respective student ten years would scarcely enable us bodies, and by the directed activi- to overtake the building needs of ties of Gospel bands, to neglected our Baptist churches in Latin outlying communities. Practically America. all of our schools devote special attention to the training of preach- The Next Step in Home Missions ers and Sunday-school teachers either in special courses or sum- The ever-recurrent problem of mer institutes. There are more how to induce the foreign-speak- students in the regular theological ing groups and churches receiving department of each of the four financial aid to assume larger fi- largest schools-Virginia Union nancial obligation, with the conse- University, Shaw University, quent measure of self-determina- Morehouse College and Bishop Col- tion, is a vital one. This work lege-than for several years past. should be persistently carried for- ward and every group and church The Home Mission Societies enjoying the gifts of the general conduct mission work in six Latin denominations should at the earli- American countries-Cuba, Porto est possible moment come to self- Rico, Haiti, Salvador, Nicaragua support.. Heartening progress has and Mexico. In Haiti the language been made in this direction during is French; in all the other fields the past ten years. The next ten it is Spanish. The Home Mission years should see many advances in Society has under appointment to bringing groups and churches to these fields eleven English-speak- self-support. Just because a soing missionaries and 122 French or ciety has been working for a hun- Spanish-speaking pastors. Of the dred years is no reason why it latter, twenty-nine are supported should continue to do its work for- entirely by churches on the various ever. It must always justify its ex- fields. During the past year there tension of life by its extension of were 1,236 baptisms in these six work. countries, and the total offerings from the churches amounted to BIBLE DISTRIBUTION $74,632. The American Bible Society dis- In all of these countries there tributed eleven million Bibles in 1928 in 182 languages. Four and has been a change in the moral a half million Bibles and Bible por- atmosphere favorable to the tions were distributed in China alone. preaching of the Gospel, and the . people are coming to hear it in larger numbers than can be ac-

CHRIST OF THE AMERICAN

BY THE REV. CHARLES L. GOODELL, D.D.

Secretary of the Oommission on Eva,ngelism and Life Service of the Fedet'al Council of the Ohurches oj Christ in AmC1''ica I T IS now some four years since nobody. We may slightly para- "The Christ of the Indian phrase the poet's words and say- Road," by E. Stanley Jones, made a real spiritual sensation That one Face rather grows, throughout the country and the And decomposes but to recompose, world. It is interesting to know Becomes my Christ that a proper successor to that book Who feels and knows. has been written by Dr. Jones entitled "The Christ of Every Road." Matters of creedal statement This book dwells especially upon have long been fought over in the coming of the Holy Spirit and America. When we remember the Pentecost, and is peculiarly timely polemics of the last century and in view of the nineteen hundredth more, and recall the names of those anniversary of Pentecost, which is who stoutly withstood each other now engaging the attention of the in the fields of debate, we cannot Church: With the advent of the help thinking of the great revelanew year, this book will be in the tion which must have come to them hands of the people. when the a n gel of grace had washed from their eyes the sleep of death and they stood in common fellowship before their Lord.

The Editor of the MISSIONARY Their swords are rust, their bones are REVIEW OF THE WORLD suggests to dust, me the propriety of a brief article Their souls are with the saints, we trust.

on "The Christ of the American There is a growing conscious- Road." This I am glad to under- ness that Dean Inge was right take. Every few years a new re- when he said that Jesus did. not ligion is being promulgated. This· come to bring a religion but to be year is no exception; a liberal a religion; that He brought us a preacher in New York is standing religion that does not have to be sponsor for the new religion of defended but defends itself; and Humanism. One can not help re- that while we are interested more calling the answer of Tallyrand or less in creedal statements and when a man of his day told him he have no doubt that some of them was launching a new religion and are better than others, we are thor- would like his advice as to the best oughly satisfied that in the last way to do it. The answer was, "I analysis the best creed is the blind would advise you to be crucified man's creed-"This I know, that and to rise again on the third day!" whereas I was blind, now I see."

Whatever may be said about the It ought not to be difficult for all deflections and the indifference of communions to get together on that the Church, there is no question basis, and the unity for which we throughout America as to the su- long will probably come about in premacy of Jesus Christ. It is not no other way. Doctrines may di- a question of Christ or somebody vide us, but a common experience else; it is a question of Christ or through Christ will make us one.

31

Then we can say, "Is thy heart as lives of the buffeted millions we my heart? If it be, give me thy are hearing His words, "Come un- hand." to me all ye that labor and are The attitude which is more or heavy laden, and I will give you less apparent in the thinking of rest." You have been bearing your America today is the attitude that burdens alone and they are too these great questions which center much for you. "Take my yoke up- in Christ must be settled by ex- on you and learn of me, for my perience. Nothing stands the acid yoke is easy and my burden is test but faith in Jesus Christ. The light."

testimony of Dean Sperry, in his In the application of this blessed lectures before the Colgate-Roch- fact, we feel that a new day is ester Divinity School, is signifi- dawning throughout our country. cant. Speaking for that "vague If you are thinking of the great society known as 'Liberal Protes- missionary movements which have tantism,''' he says, "As for wor- so blessed the world and which ship, we are vaguely aware that at need as never before the motive of this point we are unexpert and defi- a divine urge, it is here you will cient; therefore we redouble our find it. Jesus Christ is saying, "Go busyness in the hope that work is quick, everywhere. Lo, I am with the substance of prayer. We try you even unto the end of the to make two blades of grass grow world." If you try to keep your where one grew before, without religion, you will lose it. If you stopping to ask the meaning of give yourself and your life in ut- this endeavor in sight of the time termost surrender to the needs of when some wind shall blow across a world ruined by sin, you will the world and no blade of grass save your own life and the lives of will grow more." The pendulum those to whom you minister. You has swung so far to the things are talking about social service, the which are of the earth earthy, and betterment of all classes and conour busyness has so absorbed us, ditions of men. You cannot face that we are calling a halt. We them in your own strength. You have been straining every energy will grow weary and utterly fail. in feverish anxiety to annihilate You must have a wisdom that is space and time. To cut a second greater than any which grows in from the record is enough to put purely human service. If you want a man or a horse on the front page; to minister to men who toil with but the answer from the bystander brain or brawn, you must bring to is, "If all that means the reaching them the spirit as well as the pracof the graveyard so much sooner, tice of the Carpenter of Nazareth. what is your hurry?" What is the If you want to minister to those end of it all? Alas, on the human who question your sincerity, you side, a few short planks from the must join the Society of the Towel joiner's hand in the windowless and the Basin, whose charter memchamber of silence and death, and ber was the Man who girded a on these lips of ours, so avid of towel around His loins and washed praise, there will rest at last but a and wiped His disciples' feet. If puff of dust. you want to take away the scandal It is here where the Christ of of the Church and bring men from Every Road comes in. Over the the highways and the byways of

THE CHRIST OF THE AMERICAN ROAD

life, from the seats of the mighty psychology and pedagogy, but are and the cottages of the poor, into they walking more closely with vital relationship with God and God? Do they know more intiduty, you must do it as Jesus did mately Him who said, "I am come it. It is the personal touch, the that they might have life and that yearning of heart for heart, the they might have it more abundantpassion which sent our Lord to ly." The psychology of conversion gaze on a ruined city that would or prayer is no substitute for those kill Him in a few days, and weep experiences. The study of the numthere with a love and longing too ber and authorship of the books deep to measure as He cried, "0 of the Bible is no equivalent for Jerusalem! how oft would I have the translation of their message gathered you as a hen gathereth into good and honest hearts. "The her chickens." words that I speak unto you, they are spirit and they are life." And We are coming to realize that that is the purpose which must lie the supreme message of Jesus is behind all our Christian religious not the message of a teacher but education. It is a matter of great of a Saviour. The Sermon on the joy that many of our leaders in Mount was not by any means His Christian education, like Dean greatest deliverance to the world. Athearn, lately Dean of Boston It was only His inaugural, spoken University School of Religious Edwhen those who listened were not ucation, and Dean Weigle, of Yale able to comprehend deeper spir- School of Religion, are emphasizitual truths. His greatest sermons ing this great fact on every proper were those preached to individuals, occasion. Jesus Christ is himself and that supreme message which the Way and the Truth. A weary was last upon His lips before those world standing at the cross roads lips, moistened with the vinegar of is not asking for a new signboard malice and purple in the agony of to point the way, but it is looking death, had cried, "It is finished." for a living message from Him with pierced hands and a wounded Here, in the matter of religious education, we in America are face heart, who alone can guide it into to face with a lesson which we must all truth. not overlook or forget. If secular education is falling down at the At this particular time there is point of character, the same thing an expectancy upon the face of the is also true of our religious educa- Church which she has not worn tion. Taking the country at large, for many a day. It has been quite there are thirty per cent less chil- the fashion for spiritual leaders to dren in the Sunday-school today say that it was time for a new outthan there were thirty years ago. pouring of spiritual power. For But this is not the saddest thing many years there has been a feelabout it. The percentage of those ing that a Pentecost was overdue. who are corning from the Sunday- With a unanimity that is most enschool into vital relationship with couraging and a yearning that is Christ and membership in the inspiring, the Conferences, Assem- Church is also increasingly less. blies and Synods of the Churches have united to make the present No doubt our teachers are better year, the nineteen hundredth annitrained than those of a former gen- versary of Pentecost, a time when eration in matters of philosophy, 3a

the Church should listen to the last Such in substance was the holy message of its Lord and wait for challenge which did thrill and will a new enduement of spirit and thrill the Church till the end of power. If Pentecost was necessary time. It is this Christ who must for the birth of the Church, other walk with us. Once He fell in with Pentecosts must be necessary for discouraged disciples who walked its continued power, and it is this and were sad on the way to Em- enduement which will vitalize the maus; but a little later their hearts whole Christian Church. burned within them as He unfolded The supreme day of the year is to them His holy promise. The Church of our day has been walkneither Christmas nor Easter, ing with leaden feet in a dusty blessed and glorious as those days path. The cares of this world and are; but they both take their the deceitfulness of riches have beauty and significance from what happened on Pentecost. After the choked the Word, and it has stood resurrection, the disciples were still shivering around altars where the a discouraged and timid company, fires had gone out. Some perchance meeting behind bolted doors. But have even been ready to propound when the day of Pentecost was once more the dreary skepticism fully come, there came with it that of John's disciples, "Art thou he power which changed the hearts that should come, or look we for of doubting, helpless men and made another?" With patience unspeakthem invincible by the indwelling able, the Christ has' been saying to of that .spirit which Christ said all such, "Look about you. The would be His alter ego, His other blind see, the deaf hear, the lame self, the spirit of Truth which walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the poor rejoice in a Gospel as would abide with them forever. mighty as their need." It is this Christ who journeys with us. It is Who is the Christ who is to be He alone who is adequate to the the Christ of the American Road? needs of our complex civilization, It is the Christ who is revealed to to the materialism of a nation each individual through the Holy grown rich in things beyond any- Spirit. We are talking about the thing which the world has ever rediscovery of Jesus. How is that seen, whose temptations to the mato be brought about? Not through terial and the sensual have been some ancient papyrus dug from greater than any other generation Egyptian sands or uncovered in has ever known. It is this Christ some ancient library. "He shall who is saying, "All power is given bring to your remembrance all that unto me in heaven and in earth. I have said." "He shall lead you Go ye, therefore, and teach all nainto all truth." He shall give you tions. . . . .. And, 10, I am with you wisdom and strength. Through Him you shall be mighty and pre- alway, even unto the end of the vail over all that is against you. world."

"A great empire and little minds go ill together. We ought to elevate our minds to the greatness of that trust to which the order of Providence has called us."-Edmund Burke, in the British Parliament.

CHURCH AND CONGREGATION AT POINT

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN ALASKA BY THE REV. HERBERT BOOTH SMITH, D.D.

Posto'r, imtnltnud Prc8 bv t erian Church, LOB Angeles, Oalifornia I T IS easy for the tourist to gen- impressions which may be worth eralize. A European whose passing on to others whose knowl- knowledge of America was edge of Alaska is confined to the confined to the country between geography class in the fourth Niagara Falls and the Statue of grade. Liberty would not be able to write One thing which is patent to the a "Guide to the United States." No casual observer is the need of comore can a Californian who has operation between the variou~ spent one month in Alaska, travel- Protestant denominations. Alaska ing from Seattle to Fairbanks and is a big field to cover, with its 600,- points en route claim a thorough 000 square miles and its popula- acquaintance with the land north tron, native and white together, of of Fifty-four Forty. And yet if about 60,000. This means ten you have kept eyes and ears open square miles of elbow room to each and talked with a score of repre- inhabitant. If the 30,000 white sentative leaders from missionary folk are going to give a true picto Governor, you do gather certain ture of Protestant Christianity to 35

the Indian and the Eskimo, they considerable number of Lutherans ought to work together more fully were enrolled in the Northern than is now the case. Of course Light Church, which was none too there is considerable cooperation strong even then. Our Lutheran already, but more is needed. You brethren saw fit to come in and or- will find many Alaskan towns with ganize a church in that city which up-to-date store buildings and mod- drew away to its membership the ern theatres but hopelessly inade- Lutheran folk already happily quate churches. What a sorry ac- working in the former fold. Is count religion gives of itself when this a wise expenditure of home Ghrist's cause is represented by mission money? Mr. Young, the three or four one-room frame Juneau Methodist leader, told me buildings in a town of three thou- that the Canadian plan was the sand, say, whose ministers live on solution of Alaska's Protestant a starvation wage, comparatively problem. Perhaps it is, but that speaking, and preach to a handful cannot come at once; and my sug- of souls each week. Take Juneau, gestion would seem to be the first the capital, for example. The step. The situation at Fairbanks only self-supporting Presbyterian was a much finer. illustration of Church in' the territory is the Christian comity. . The Lutheran Northern Light Church of Juneau. leaders came there on a tour of in- They have a comparatively new vestigation with a view to organ- building which cost about $35,000, ization. They were fair enough with a membership of 140 or there- to hold a friendly conference with abouts. The Methodist Church the Presbyterian pastor and others, across the way is an antiquated as a result of which they concluded frame building and their church that there was no field for another roll numbers about forty. They Protestant church and hence they have a better manse, however, than left the work in its present status the Presbyterians, a reasonably quo. The children of this world ·odist friends could see their way are not always wiser than the chil- clear to dispose of their lot, valued dren of light. One wishes that our at about $10,000, and unite with Episcopal brethren might see their the Presbyterians, a reasonably way to a finer spirit of coopera- strong work could be developed. tion, especially in view of the over- My thought would be that in a tures emanating from that com- town where the Methodists had the munion today in behalf of the re- stronger work, the Presbyterians union of Christ's divided church.

should not establish a church and Take the situation in Sitka as a vice versa. This has been done at case in point. St. Peter's-by-the- Ketchikan for example, whose Sea is a charming little Episcopal Methodist Church numbers Luth- building which has had no rector erans and Calvinists among its for some time and where, accord- flock. Bishop Rowe and Dr. Tor- ing to my information, no services bet, both of the faith of Wesley, had been held for years. The Pres- agree with me in this general posi- byterian Church has had a school tion, though we might differ as to there for a half century or so. The details. time came when tbe need of a As an example of what should church building was urgently felt.

not be done, take Juneau again. A Application was made for the use

1930J SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN ALASKA

of St. Peter 's Church in order to sibly different kind. One of my avoid duplication, but a decided pleasant boat acquaintances was negative was the answer. Bishop Father McElmeel of the Mission Rowe is a man highly regarded at Nulato, way out on the Yukon. throughout all the territory, to be Handsome and genial, cultured and sure, and he may have had wise refined, he would be at home in any reasons for his refusal. But a social group in New York or elsemere Presbyterian cannot see the where. And yet he volunteered need of standing on technicalities for this .work five years ago and in Christian work on this far-flung he loves it. He could hardly wait battle line. A somewhat similar to get back to his dogs! A brother situation at Wrangell might be Jes uit of his said to me : "Ah yes, discussed at length. In the attrac- we give our best men to the hardtive town of Anchorage the Lutheran and Presbyterian Churches ( ,or stand on opposite corners of the same intersecting streets; both of them small and struggling. Why can they not get married? What is the use of passing resolutions about unity in our great conventions unless we begin to practice its precepts in our sparsely settled communities in the home and foreign field? In the present stage of affairs we can expect no sympathy from the Roman and Greek priests in Alaska, but surely we Protestants might unite.

Christ's Ambassadors VISITING PARISHIONERS IN ALASKA A second fact which forces itself est places," and I pondered over upon one's attention is the heroism the words. of Christ's ambassadors. One reads with admiration of the sacri- Well, we Protestants too have fices made by early traders in our saints and our heroisms, search of business success. In though we do not deal in haloes. 1838, for example, the Hudson Bay One hesitates to mention names; Company made a desperate at- but there is that man who put his tempt to establish a trading post wife and baby and household goods at Dease Lake. Four men passed in a rowboat and rowed them up an awful winter SUbsisting on the river to begin work in a native animals and moss. At one time village. When she was taken ill they had to eat their parchment she had to be driven by dog-team windows and their last meal be- for weary miles across country to fore giving up the effort was the find a doctor. There was that lacings of their snow shoes! But other missionary who was one of thank God, the servants of the three trustees for some Indians Cross are capable of equal, aye, who located a gold mine. Being greater sacrifice, though of pos- offered 250 shares (which later were worth $250,000) he refused

the same; although he was so poor One mIsSIOnary acquaintance he had to borrow his salary in ad- who has a wife and four children vance to pay his wif.e's passage to to support on the princely salary the States to visit their daughter. of $1,700 and manse, told me he He was one of Christ's fools. sometimes wondered whether he and his family were really worth An advertising man met a bach- all the money they were receiving elor missionary at a remote point from the Board of National Mison the Stikine River, who begged sions! Selah. him to stay a week with him as he ALASKAN BOYS Lay Leadership was so lonely. His chief earthly A third lesson one can learn is delight was an old-fashion~d bath- the importance of lay leadership. tub he had recently installed, the One of the needs of the church toonly one for miles around. day is a more consecrated and effi- cient laity. Many of our American I know a Sunday-school mis- churches would have to go out of sionary who answered my question business if the ministers should all about hardships in this way: "No, die. Alaska, however, has learned we haven't made any sacrifices to lay responsibility upon some of here. Of course, we lost two dear her elders and stewards and to children who could have been hold them accountable for results. saved if we could have afforded to When I visited the native church give them the care they should at Juneau, most of its members have had, but we haven't made any were away; but they were carryreal sacrifice." No sacrifice, mark ing their Gospel with them. One you. summer their pastor told his peo- ple as they left for the canneries to use every opportunity for getting groups of people together for wor- ship. In the fall they reported one hundred services held in three months. In the Klawock Church there occurred a vacancy of eight- een months between ministers and yet Mr. Bromley found a Sunday- school of one hundred members when he took charge and a field where Sunday services had been regularly held. At one native serv- ice I attended the lay preacher was blind and yet he proceeded with great efficiency. He had memorized his hymnbook and could lead all the songs with a good voice, quoting also whole Bible chapters from memory. One California clergy- man wondered whether his own of- ficial board of sixty members could

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN ALASKA

carryon as well if similar duties to be an officer in a certain church.

were laid upon it. The pastor of this church is prob- There seem to be two theories on ably the most gifted churchman in which church leaders have acted, Alaska. This elder said to me, leading to opposite conclusions. "The people will do everything for One is that the missionary should Doctor Blank but come to hear him learn the Indian's language and preach." Congregations of twenty- try to "think native" as fully as five to thirty people are accounted possible. The other is that the large up in the Northland. You churchman should confine himself soon learn that a minister's in- to the English, insisting that the fluence is not to be measured by his Indian is an American and must therefore learn the English lan- guage, think for himself and stand on his own feet. Naturally the second method would seem to de- velop more initiative.

Humorous mistakes have; of course, resulted from the efforts of interpreters to translate Gospel ideas into the vernacular. Rev.

David Waggoner told me of one of his assistant's interpretations of Psalm 23. He heard the man say- ing in Thlingit: "The Lord is my goat hunter." Since they know nothing of still waters except in the valleys, he put it this way: "He knocks me down on the moun- tain and brings me down to the valley." Still another translator counselled his auditors thus: "Eat, drink and be married, for tomor- row you die!" A little Haidah girl THE "PRINCETON" SPREADING TIlE evidently had her own version of GOSPEL IN ALASKA the Lord's prayer, which ran as follows: "Forgive us our debts as crowd. One of the most useful and we forgive our dentist!" A small active m~m out "to the Westward" Miss at Cordova asked at the close preaches to eighteen usually and ot evening prayer: "Mother, is yet he is a power for God. He God a fish?" "Why, no, child!" goes to cannery and copper mines, "Well, then why do we say so often, wherever men are found; and as long as they don't come to his place Halibut be Thy name?" of business he goes to theirs. He Personal Evangelism builds his life into the lives of those You can write down a fourth about him. One of my Skagway thing in your notebook and that friends probably does as much is the importance of personal work. good in preaching to the prisoners A judge who has lived about a half in the town jail as he does in century in the Territory, happens speaking to his church folk who

are as yet out of jail. He told me attractions of this great frontier how the poor chaps sent for him country as the authoress was who to come and how some of them had made her hero go overland all the straightened up as a result of his way from Washington State to the Aleutian Islands. Some folks seem visits. to think it still belongs to Russia All this is borne out by a thing and are surprised to hear English spoken there. One dear lady said which happened as the result of she wanted to see what an Alaska President Harding's visit to Alaska stamp looked like on a letter. Anin 1923. He appeared fully as other tourist wondered when her much interested in the natives as bags would be opened for examinain the whites, and asked what could tion by the customs authorities, be done to help in the solution of and who the President of Alaska their problems. He was told that was. a new boat in which the Sundayschool missionary could visit the Such persons ought to read of people in their fishing camps would the dramatic incident of Friday be a great boon. Mrs. Harding evening, March 25, 1867. Secreand Mrs. John Grier Hibben, wife tary Seward was playing whist of the president of Princeton Uni- with his family when the Russian versity, were great friends and minister was announced. Baron were also among the visitors in- Stoeckel said he had received a discluded in the Presidential party. patch from his government by It was proposed that they head a cable stating that the Emperor movement to raise $40,000 for such consented to the cession of Alaska a boat, the same to be named after to the United States of America the President. But, as will be re- upon payment of $7,200,000. "Tocalled, the President passed away morrow," said he, "I will come to in San Francisco on his return the Department and we can enter from Alaska and Mrs. Harding on the matter of the treaty." Mr. died some time after. So that the Seward said, "Why wait till tofund for a smaller boat was largely morrow? Let us make the treaty raised through the good offices of tonight." The Russian replied, Mrs. Hibben and the vessel was ap- "Your Department is closed. You propriately named the Princeton. have no clerks and my secretaries On this trim little ship the apostle are scattered all over town." Mr. of the personal touch makes his Seward answered: "Never mind way from one camp to another. that. If you can muster your lega- The little dining-room becomes a chapel and the devout Indians as- tion before midnight, I will be semble for worship and sacrament awaiting you at my office." The there. It is another case of fol- result was that by four in the lowing the people to their where- morning the treaty was engrossed abouts rather than expecting them to come out to church. and signed and ready for trans- Another observation may be mission by the President to the mentioned and that is the need for more intelligent knowledge of Senate. Alaska by the Christians of the homeland. Most of us are as igno- Frequently the thought came rant of the geography, climate and over me as our steamers ploughed their way through the various beautiful channels of the inside

WEEK OF PRAYER

passage, that if the traveling WEEK OF PRAYER world knew the matchless beauty The Federal Council of the of Alaska's snow-clad mountains Churches of Christ in America rising sheer from the water's edge, joins with the World's Evangelical there would not be space enough Alliance of Great Britain in apon the boats of the four steamship pointing a Universal Week of lines to satisfy the people desiring Prayer, beginning Sunday, Janto go. Here is an ocean voyage uary 5. A suggested devotional without the danger of seasickness program will be circulated throughand a foreign country, in some out all English-speaking lands and senses of the word, two days out will be translated for use in other from Seattle. Here are the largest countries throughout the world. glaciers in the habitable world to The year 1930 promises to be sigbe seen in a temperature congenial nificant in the history of the to the normal American; and here Church. Most of the denominaare canneries whose output in a tions are. planning to observe it as single year amounts to ten millions the nineteen hundredth anniverof dollars. In fact, when Russia sary of Pentecost, and. have desold Alaska she gave away "valleys clared their purpose to make it a yellow with gold, mountains full year of intercession for the o~t­ of copper and coal, waters alive pouring of the same Power whIch with fish, and fur-bearing animals was bestowed upon the disciples in and scenery as sublime as any in the first century. the world." Suggested themes are: In similar fashion our people ought to know something of the Texts for Sunday Sermons, January 5: spiritual needs of the great North country. They ought to be taken Behold how good and how pleasant it on pilgrimages of investigation is to'dwell together in unity ….. for under the guidance of their pastors there the Lord commanded the blesswhere possible, that they may see ing, even life forevermore (Psalm 133).

That they may all be one, that the world may believe that Thou hast for themselves the desperate needs sent Me (St. John 17, 20-21). of some of these parishes and the Endeavoring to keep the unity of th;e pitiful inadequacy of the equipment Spirit in the bond of peace (EpheSIwith which Christ's servants have ans 4, 3). to work. Time and again as I sur- Blessed be the Lord God, Who only veyed some need, I wished for the doeth wondrous things: and let the whole earth be filled with His glory. Amen an.d Amen (Psalm 72, 18-19).

presence of some of my parish- Monday, January 6: ioners to whom God had given of Christian Unity; Thanksgiving and Confession. this world's goods in the hope that some special object might appeal Tuesday, January 7: The Church Universal.

to this one or that one, and the Wednesday, January 8: International Friendship and Cooperneed be met. If any who read these ation. lines shall be persuaded to make an adventure of a summer trip Thursday, January 9: Foreign Missions.

thither and should regret the same, Friday, January 10: if they will communicate with this Family, School and University Life. author he will put his hand down Saturday, January 11: Home Missions.

into his pocket and—criticize them Copies may he secured from The Federal for their poor taste. Council, 105 FJast 22d St., New York, at $1.50 per 100.

FIRST MISSIONARY TO SAIL

AMERICA BY THE REV. OTIS CAREY, D.D.

1110r Forty YCtW8 Mi88ianM"V of the A. B. O. P ..ZlI. in Japan I N ANSWERING this question vessel in which he sailed was cap- one perhaps thinks of the Jud- tured July 23, 1803, by an English sons and Newells, who sailed Guineaman and afterwards taken from Salem, Mass., February 19, possession of by an English Man- 1812; or recalls the statement in of-War and carried into Barbadoes, some books that Mr. and Mrs. Nott, from which place he went to Cu- Mr. Hall and Mr. Rice sailed Feb- racoa, and being entirely destitute ruary 18 from Philadelphia. Their and incapable of prosecuting his ship, however, did not leave the voyage, he came to this city and waters of the United States until has cast himself upon the care of February 24, and by that time the the Society."

Salem boat' was well on its way. The directors voted "to take him The inquiry is not confined to under their care," and appointed a American missionaries. An old committee to provide his board and volume of The Baptist Missionary lodging in New York, his passage Magazine, published in Boston, in- to Amsterdam, and needed clothing cludes a letter dated May 21, 1804, for his comfort during the voyage.

that tells of the arrival in New May 30, the committee reported York of three missionary families that it had unexpectedly found a of The Baptist Missionary Society vessel going directly to the Cape of of England who, being unable to Good Hope. The directors there- get direct passage from their own fore authorized them to procure country to India, had come to take passage in it, and Mr. Schmidt was an American boat. This they did soon on his way to the land for soon after the letter was written. which he had set forth nearly two In them the answer to our ques- years before. Nov. 2, his Mission tion would appear to be found, sent a letter from Good Hope tell- were it not for some items con- ing of his arrival and thanking the tained in the old record-books of Society for what it had done in his The New York Missionary So- behalf. Thus, unless some earlier ciety, which tell of another person, candidate appears, our question whose date of sailing was a few must be answered by the name of days earlier than theirs. At the Mr. Schmidt.

meeting of the directors of this It may seem that the accounts of Society, April 23, 1804, there was these English and Dutch persons introduced Erasmus Schmidt, a have little to do with the history of missionary of The Netherland American missions; but during Missionary Society. He had been their sojourn in this country they, appointed a catechist for work in by addresses in the churches and South Africa, had embarked for in other ways, increased and wid- that country in September, 1802; ened the new interest that Chris- but "after being twice blown off tians were taking in giving the the coast of Africa to Brazil, the Gospel to those hitherto without it.

42

UNION IN SOUTH

BY THE REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D., New York ~MONG the notable events of the uniting Churches that all actions of the year was the annuaI the united Church will be regulated by meeting of the Continuation the principle that it should maintain fel- Committee appointed by the World lowship with all those branches of the Conference on FaI.thaO nd dr er that was held at Lausanne, Swit- Church of Christ with which the unitzerland, in 1927. The meeting was ing Churches now severally enjoy such held in the Maloja Palace Hotel, fellowship, and that it should constantly seek to widen and strengthen this fel- lowship and to work towards the goal ~~ i~~ ~~~~;~o~f ic~:1~t~ody of all parts near St. Moritz, Switzerland, (3) It is also the hope of the uniting whose owner, Sir Henry Lunn, of Churches that their union will be a London, had made generous pro- means to the greater progress of the vision for the meeting. Fifty-eight Gospel in India, in fulfillment of the members were present, represent- Master's own prayer when He said, ing practically all of the historic communions of the Protestant and "That they may all be one . . . that the the Eastern Orthodox churches world may believe that thou didst send throughout the world. me." The result of union should be not merely greater fellowship and peace The special event of interest within the Church and greater eagerness from the viewpoint of missionary for the proclamation of the Gospel of Christ but also a greater release of divine' power and greater effectiveness for the establishment of His Kingdom on earth.

work was the "Proposed Scheme of Under the heading of "Faith and Union prepared by the Committee Order," the report avows "the of the Church of India, Burma and faith which the Church has ever Ceylon, the South India United held in Jesus Christ the Redeemer Church, and the South India Pro- of mankind …… being Himself vincial Synod of the Wesleyan God incarnate" ; "accepts the Methodist Church, for presentation Scriptures of the Old and New Tes- to the governing bodies of those taments as containing all things churches in India and elsewhere." necessary to salvation and as the This was presented by the Angli- ultimate standard of faith"; and can Bishop of Bombay in a printed the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds pamphlet of seventy pages. "as witnessing to and safeguard- The purpose and nature of the ing that faith."

union were defined as follows: The usually difficult problem re- (1) The uniting Churches are agreed garding bishops is solved by an that in every effort to bring together agreement that the United Church is to have "the historic episcopate doniveidoerdgamniezmatbieorns, othfe Cfhinrailst'asimBomdyustinbtoe the union of all who acknowledge the in a constitutional form as part of name of Christ in the Universal Church, their basis of union, without inand that the test of all local schemes of impIy, t union is that they should express locally tending thereby to or 0 exthe prin<!iple of the great catholic unity of the Body of Christ. Their desire, press a judgment on, any theory tihnerSeofourteh, Iins dsioa ttohaotrgiatniszhealtlhegiCvehutrhche concerning episcopacy." Indian expressiou of the spirit, the On membership and the validity thought and the life of the Church Universal. of the ordination of all ministers in the uniting churches, the plan (2) It is the intention and the hope of provides as follows: 43

"All persons who at the time of the judge details of the proposal, but union are communicant members of any of the uniting churches in the area of it declared: the union shall have the privileges and We welcome the statement with which responsibilities of communicant members it is prefaced that "unity of the Spirit of the United Church, and as such shall must find expression in the Faith and be at liberty to receive communion in Order of the Church, in its worship, in any of its churches." The Bishops of its organization and in its whole life." the dioceses concerned "shall be accepted We believe with them that their union, as bishops of the United Church"; and if carried out on right Jines, would re- "all the other ministers of the uniting sult in greater fellowship and peace churches in the area of the union shall within the Church and greater eagerbe acknowledged as ministers of the ness and effectiveness in the proclama- Word and of the Sacraments in the tion of the Gospel of Christ. United Church, each retaining the standing which he had before union in his In this connection, reference own Church ….. The United Church will seek to be in full communion with the may be made to the general fact churches of the Anglican Communion, that the movement for closer union and equally to be in such relations of and cooperation of the people of communion and fellowship with other God both at home and abroad has Churches as are now maintained with made notable advance during the those Churches by the South India United Church and the Wesleyan past year. Some long desired un- Church in South India." "For the thirty years succeeding the ions have been consummated, not- inauguration of the union, the ministers ably that of the Established and of any Church whose missions have United Free Churches of Scotland. founded the originally separate parts of the United Church may be received as A considerable number of pending ministers of the United Church, if they movements are making encourag- are willing to give the same assent to ing progress, and some new ones the Basis of Union and the same promise to accept the Constitution of the United have been inaugurated. It is evi- Church as will be required from persons dent that there is a growing feeling about to be ordained or employed for· the first time in that Church. After this that the time has come to make period of thirty years, the United more earnest and vigorous effort Church will consider and decide the to carry out the prayer of our Lord question of such exceptions to the general principle of an episcopally ordained "that they may all be one."

ministry." It is significant that the· move- Our space limits do not permit ment for union has made greater further citations. The whole re- progress on the foreign field than port deserves thoughtful and at home. Face to face with the prayerful consideration. It is tremendous problems of the nonarousing deep interest throughout Christian world, missionaries and the whole foreign missionary field native Christians have felt the abas well as among the home solute necessity of getting together churches of America and Great in order that they may unitedly Britain. The plan is to be passed press their efforts for the evangelupon by the governing bodies of ization of the millions of people the uniting churches in India and who have not yet heard of Christ. elsewhere, and it is of course pos- We are gratified to add that the sible that difficulties may yet de- Continuation Committee of the velop. It is significant, however, WorId Conference on Faith and that the various interests con- Order is planning to make a special cerned in South India have agreed feature, at its next meeting, of the to the plan by a large majority. unions that have been consum- The Continuation Committee at mated in Japan, China, the Philip- Maloja did not feel free to pre- pines, and other mission fields.

BEYOND OUR SPIRITUAL .INCOME

BY THE REV. D. J. FLEMING, D.D.

Pro!e880'l' oj 111is8io'nsJ Un'ion Theological Seminary, New York A TRIP of five weeks inspecting in recreation or study back in the missions in the Antilles is States. Young women can be bound to leave many impres- found for these posts who are sions. One of them is indelibly drawn by the novel beauty of made by the great majority of the tropical lands, by palm-fringed workers-you cannot help but take plazas, by great stretches of sugar "knowledge of them that they have cane, by ancient forts recalling the been with Jesus." In their tender romantic history of daring pirates concern for the people, in resource- or of the conquistadores of Spain, fulness, in creative love they are by the romance of months in an embodying the God-life. There is environment full of reminders of something about the way they an old civilization. But the head touch their patients or introduce of this school tells us that teachers their old pupils or share their with a warm, vital Christian life vision for th'e future that is con- which they are eager to share are vincing. Before them mountains very difficult to secure. Why is it are being removed-certainly they that from our Sunday-schools and care enough to long that they Christian colleges such a near and should be removed. In such per- strategic opportunity should not sons is manifested love-and love be overwhelmingly met? is of God. Not every worker produces this impression. But the A similar question arises as one divine life is there, and where this is shown through a hospital-the quality of life is, rivers of living outstanding medical institution in water are flowing. a whole republic.. There are the beds-a hundred of them. There But another impression follows are the patients. But at the .top hard upon the first-an impression there does not seem to be an apgailled not so much from our own preciation of the spiritual signifiobservation as from statements cance of this potentially impormade by those earnest spirits we tant institution. Why cannot the have just been describing, viz., that churches of three of the largest our American churches are living denominations of the United States beyond their spiritual income. turn out a consecrated Christian Here is a lovely girls' boarding director for this hospital?

school not more than four days There were other places where away from New York. Most of it was the Christian nurse that the future wives of the evangelical was lacking. Plenty of efficiently leaders of an island people are to trained workers could be found come from this school. The knowl- . who would go to these near-by edge of Spanish is not absolutely islands for the novelty, or for a necessary. Teachers from the job, and who would spend their north would be accepted for terms off-time at the club and come in of three years, or even of one late at night. From a professional year. Each summer could be spent standpoint they do their work. But 45

why did we so often hear the la- missions. But never before have ment that it is hard to get nurses I been so struck with the apparent with a missionary passion? spiritual poverty of our home churches. Possibly this impres- We saw buildings and institu- sion was due to the proximity of tions. Relatively these are easy Cuba, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and gifts for a great land with eco- Porto Rico to the United States. nomic surplus. But the personnel Separations need not be long. fully to run the institutions-the Adaptations to an alien civilization life amply to suffuse these build- are not so severe as in the Orient. ings – was sometimes lacking. The language is much easier to Wanted missionary minded teach- master. And yet even here those on the spot say that we are underers, doctors, nurses! When we manned with contagiously Chriscan buy the land, put up the school tian lives. buildings, and provide the latest X-ray apparatus or operating We are convinced that in Christ, room, but do not raise up enough embodying as He does the selfot those who are eager to use this revelation of God to man, there is material equipment for the deepest truth of inestimable significance to Kingdom purpose it is a fair ques- every human being. God grant that we may show that belief by tion whether we are not as Amer- allowing His power to demonstrate ican churches living beyond our itself by its great out-workingspiritual income. beginning with ourselves.

I have been twice around the world in close touch with Christian DEATH OF MRS. A. F. SCHAUFFLER T HE cause of missions sus- was a Director and liberal support- tained a heavy loss in the er of the Seacoast Mission, and oth- death, August 28th, of Mrs. er Christian and philanthropic A. F. Schauffier, of New York. She enterprises. She was one of the was a remarkably devoted and gen- stockholders of the REVIEW, reguerous friend and supporter of mis- larly attended their meetings, and sionary work at home and abroad. manifested keen interest in every Prior to marriage to the late Rev. department of the magazine. A. F. Schauffier in 1884, she was active in Sunday-school work and Her interest in foreign missions in the Woman's Branch of the New was deep and strong. She was York City Mission. These activi- widely read in missionary literaties she continued for many years. ture. She was familiar with all In 1902 she became Secretary of missionary books, and she bought the Woman's Branch of the City almost every new one that ap- Mission, in 1915 its Director, and peared. Her resume of recent mison her retirement in 1925 at the sionary literature at the monthly age of eighty-two, the Board of meetings of the Woman's Mission- Managers elected her Honorary ary Society was remarkably able. Chairman. In her summer home She poured out her money for miswith her sister, Mrs. John S. Ken- sions without stint, giving largely nedy, at Bar Harbor, Maine, she to her denominational boards and to several undenominational agen-

DEATH OF MRS. A. F. SCHAUFFLER

cies, and constantly sending checks nedy, on her 86th birthday, closing and other presents to missionaries an earthly life of not only excepin various lands. Her mail was tional length but exceptional useheavy, but she read every letter, fulness. She was a woman who ana her sympathetic heart united to a rare degree, beauty and prompted generous response to ap- strength of Christian character. peals. There are buildings in several missions that she erected, and Christian workers in many parts hundreds of missionaries have sub- of the world sorrow in the death stantial reasons for knowing her of this devoted servant of God. personal interest in their welfare. But sorrow is mingled with thanks- She regarded her money as a sa- MUS. A. 1<'. SCHAUFFLEIl cred trust and she found her greatest joy in using it for the advance- giving for the abundant good that ment of the cause of Christ and the she did and the gracious influence assistance of Christian workers. of a life unreservedly consecrated She gave. away practically all of to the cause of missions. The alaher income, except the amount re- baster box of ointment is broken, quired for her modest living ex- but the place is filled with the odor of the ointment. May we not say penses, and in her will she of her passing from earth what bequeathed most of her property Bunyan wrote of Christiana: to missionary agencies at home and abroad. Her skill in presenting "Now the day drew on that she missions to young people was hap- must be gone. And behold all the pily illustrated in a missionary banks beyond the river were full of horses and chariots which were service in the Sunday-school of Oli- come down from above to accomvet Church in the tenement house pany her to the city gate. So she came forth, and entered the river, district of the East Side in New with a beckon of farewell to those York, at which she presided. She that followed her to the riverside."

represented mission stations on the A. J. B. foreign field by candles, and in her explanatory talk to the children she said:.

The secret of all successful work for children in missions is for the leader to be full of enthusiasm and information. Tell over and over again where the money. goes, and what it accomplishes in the field. The best exercise we ever had in Olivet was when a large map of the world was spread on the platform and twenty children came up, one by one, carrying lighted candles which were placed on the stations to which the money from Olivet is sent, while the leader explained how the light from Olivet was shining in Africa and India and brightening places which, but for Olivet, would be dark. The children looked and listened and never forgot the lesson learned.

Mrs. Schauffler passed to her heavenly home at the summer home of her sister, Mrs. John S. Ken-

OF THE

The Editor's Visit to Asia including visits to missions in Bom- bay, Poona, Miraj, Ahmednagar, Hy- The Editor of the REVIEW, Mr. De- derabad, Vellore, Madras, Madura, and lavan L. Pierson, with Mrs. Pierson, Donhavur in South India. Visits to sailed December 2 for an absence of North India stations are to include about a year, during which time they Lahore, Ambala, Lucknow, Allahabad, will visit missionaries in Asia. Their Nowgong, Central Provinces (where itinerary is approximately as follows: Mr. Pierson's sister died), Benares and Calcutta. Sailing from Calcutta, Leaving New York on the S.S. Em- they will visit Rangoon, Burma, Bang- kok and Chengmai, Siam. From thence they will go by way of Singa- pore to Hongkong and Canton, China.

The length of stay in China will de- pend somewhat on the political situa- tion, but they hope to reach Shanghai about April 1 and from there to go on to Nanking, Hangkow and Changsha, later visiting Pautingfu, Tsinanfu, and Peking. Journeying northward through Mukden, Manchuria, they ex- pect to reach Korea about May 15, visiting Sunchun, Pyengyang, Seoul (where there is a Bible school erected to the memory of Dr. Arthur T. Pier- son) and Taiku. From thence the route lies to Japan by way of Shi- monoseki (where Mr. Pierson's sister, Mrs. Frederick S. Curtis, and her hus- band labored for many years) to Na- gasaki, Kobe, Osaka, Kyoto, Hatchi- man, where the Omi Mission is located, Tokio and Yokohama.

DEJ.AVAN L. PIERSON The specific dates for various points are not definitely fixed as their plans press of Australia December 2, going are somewhat elastic in order to have to the Mediterranean by way of Ma- liberty to follow the leading of God deira, Algiers, Naples, Athens and en route. They expect to return via Haifa. They expect to be in Egypt, Hawaii and San Francisco and to December 25 to January 1; then to reach New York about October first.

go by aeroplane to Baghdad to visit In this journey Mr. and Mrs. Pier- the United Mission in Mesopotamia, son are carrying out a long cherished including a visit to ancient Babylon desire to see on the field and at their and Ur of the Chaldees and sailing work the missionaries in whom they from Basrah to India, January 11. have so long been prayerfully inter- About seven weeks will be spent in ested and to the advancement of whose India, from January 18 to March 5, cause they have devoted so much of 48

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

their lives. Mr. Pierson has labored follows to the editor of one of his indefatigably and self-sacrificingly for church papers: many years to make the REVIEW a means of increasing interest and gifts A genuine bargain, this book-the and prayers for the world-wide work Annual Report of the Board of Foreign of the churches, and to bring to the Mission~osting but twenty-five cents missionaries in many lands messages -in bulk, with its 347 pages; in quality, of cheer and information regarding with its score of sepia cuts and outline the work and problems of missionaries maps, showing results of our missions in other fields which they might not throughout the world today; well- otherwise have means of knowing. He printed, thoroughly edited; in interest, has rendered a service of inestimable leading the reader on a mental and value to the cause of Christ and has spiritual journey through the great made the REVIEW indispensable to mis- countries of Asia, Africa and Latin sionaries and to their supporters in America, with accurate news and inter- the homeland. While he has become pretations of human life which are one of the best informed men regard- comprehensive and even profound and ing missionary work he has not hither- always sympathetic. It is well worth a to had opportunity to visit the Asiatic quarter and a few evenings' reading, fields on which the foreign mission- this best of our mission study books. aries labor. He and Mrs. Pierson set Our eyes are opened and our hearts' forth on thei~ journey with eager an- faith revived, as we read in these livticipation, and we are sure that the ing pages of those who are coming to results of their tour will be further the help of the Lord against the mighty. enrichment of the value of the REVIEW. He has promised to write a series of What Mr. Cooke wrote of the annual letters regarding their experiences report of his denominational board and observations which will be pub- might be said of the reports of other lished in the REVIEW, and will be read boards. We hope that our readers with keen interest. who have not seen the reports of their church boards will write to their Sec- During his absence, the editorial retaries for copies. They will find the chair will be occupied by the Rev. Dr. volumes packed with interesting and Arthur J. Brown, as explained in the important facts regarding the world- December number of the REVIEW. He wide work of their respective churches. is confident that readers will follow Mr. and Mrs. Pierson with special The Scope of Modern Foreign prayer that God may give them a safe journey, bring an abundant blessing Missions to the missionaries, and in turn receive rich reflex blessing for them- Statistics are said to be dry; but selves. surely not those that epitomise the onward sweep of the Kingdom of God "The Best Mission Study on earth. It is heartening to remind ourselves of the figures compiled by Books" those high authorities, Harlan P. Beach and Charles H. Fahs in the How many members of home World Missionary Atlas. They show churches read the annual reports of that throughout the non-Christian their Boards of Home and Foreign world of today, 29,188 foreign mis- Missions? They are supposed to be sionaries and 151,735 native workers dry and uninteresting. But a Penn- are conducting Christian work in 4,- sylvania pastor, the Rev. William B. 598 stations and 50,513 outstations; Cooke, who had taken the trouble to 36,246 churches with 3,614,154 comread the annual report of the Foreign municants shine like stars amid the Board of his denomination, wrote as darkness of the non-Christian world. Adherents swell the number of the 4 Christian community to 8,342,378, and an uncounted host stands upon the threshold of the Kingdom; 2,440,148 pupils are being educated in 50,079

missionary schools ranging from kin- that means only one in 80 of the popdergartens to great universities; 858 ulation. In Siam, only seven of the hospitals and 1,686 dispensaries 18 provinces have mission stations, treated in a recent year 4,788,258 pa- and two men and their wives are trytients in the name and spirit of the ing to cover a field as large as Ver- Great Physician. Millions of pages mont and New Hampshire with a popof tracts, books and periodicals are ulation larger than that of St. Paul. annually published. The Bible is be- In the whole non-Christian world there ing distributed in 853 languages and is only one missionary for every 36,- dialects at the rate of over 11,000,000 727 of the population. Dr. Arthur copies a year. The British and For- Mitchell's heart almost broke as on a eign Bible Society prints five tons of night ride on a Chinese river he saw Bibles every day, and the American city after city and not a man to tell Bible Society since its founding in them of the true God. "What can we 1816 has issued 70,082,448 volumes. do?" cried a lonely worker in Africa, The breadth of Christ-like sympathy "but pray without ceasing to God that is movingly exemplified in a great hos- He will bring the needs of Africa so pital for the insane, 104 leper asylums, vividly before the Church that it will 32 schools for the blind and deaf, and make our weak hands strong in deliv- 361 orphanages. For this vast and ering the message of a living Saviour varied work the churches of Europe to a dying people!" "Say not ye, there and America' in a recent year gave are yet four months, and then cometh $69,555,148. harvest? Behold, I say unto you, lift up your eyes, and look on the fields; The very recital of such statistics for they are white already to harvest." impresses one with the magnitude of the enterprise. Dry though they A. J. B. sound, to him who knows their meaning, as a missionary once said, they SUMMARY OF INCOME AND EXare clothed with the flesh and blood PENDITURES OF NINETY-TWO of those whose life work they repre- BOARDS IN NORTH AMERsent. ICA IN 1928 It is a wonderful record when one Reported by Mr.. Leslie B. Moss, considers the comparatively brief peri- Secretary of the Committee of Refod in which missionary work has been erence and Counsel of the Foreign conducted, the difficulty of inducing Missions Conference of North Amerpeople to change hereditary beliefs, ica. the limited resources of mission boards and their support by only a part of the Income from living donors $33.867.920.50 membership of the home churches. IuC'ome from other sources 6.584.084.31 Foreign Missions are not only the vastest but the most successful of the 1'otal income ………… . $40.452.004.81 varied enterprises of the Christian Church. One thanks God and takes Exppnditnres for: courage. Africa . . . . . . . . ~2,ti77.362. 45 Near East and But when one thinks of the work North Africa. 2.467.441. 64 yet to be done, exultance gives way to India …….. 6.735.462.24 anxiety: 164,700 Christians in Japan! China …….. 6,559,448.45 But 66,000,000 people in Japan of Korea …….. 1,508,065.93 whom forty million have never heard .Tapan …….. 3.709.168.58 of Christ; 800,000 Christians in Philippine Is- China! But 438,000,000 people in lands …… 833.716. RS China and only one missionary for Latin America* 4,380,844,29 every 52,000! Nearly five millions Countries not who tell the government census takers (Iesignated by in India that they are Christians! But boards ….. 2.988.772.10 'l'otal r,xpendltures for recurring purposes……………… 31.760.282.56 New property. eqllipmeht, und other special purposes ….. $8.691.722.25 * Reports not received from home mission boards conducting work in Latin Americ.ll.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions A Sunday-school method for develop- (5) What other denominations are at work in this field? ing knowledge of the bigness of the (6) What more needs to be done? church's responsibility for making (7) What more can we do? Christ known; also of the results thus far achieved. In addition, it will lift IV. When your denominational divi- sions are pasted on the outline the interdenominational horizon. map, have a talented boy to Devote ten minutes to this method paste on all other divisions, naming each as he does so, and on each of the twelve missionary Sun- the denominations at work in days. each. Let him close with state- ment of amount per capita METHOD given by your denomination to fulfill the command of the I. Very large map of world with world's Saviour to spread the geographical divisions in out- Gospel of Redemption through- line. (This to be hung up for out the earth, (pastor needed). the missionary period each month and taken down im- KOTE :-This win mean research and hard mediately thereafter. It must work. If the classps ure rightly approu('hed in be kept fresh and clean.) pr~senting this method of visualizing the work hoth at home and abroad, they will gladly un- II. Geographical divisions of each dertake a pie('e of study Which will appeal to them as worth the cundle. The young folks continent in colors made out are tired of huving the Christ's work handed of paper or cloth, durable to them on a platter of ease; they know that enough to hold up well after this is not the way in Which it will he ac- being pasted on the outline complished; they are champing the bits for map. hard jobs, while the majority of so-called mis- siomrry leadcl"S' are treating" them either as III. Assign definite geographical divi- children or "uninterested youth." On with sions to definite classes, each hard tasks for our splendid youth! Thpy will to be reported on at a specific measure up! 'Ve nre the ones at fault.

date at which time the presi- MOTHER INDIA'S CHILDREN dent of the class or other chosen one pastes its division By MISS LAURA DEWITT SOPER, on the outline map in the pres- ence of entire school; report Bakersfield, Calif. to consist of following items Scene: given by as many different in- dividuals as possible: A wayside shrine, in any setting typical of India. (1) What Home or Foreign missionary work has our denomination in Characters: this world geographical division? Mother India, ragged, travel-stained, (2) Where is our work? exhausted. A Poet, dressed in flowing robes, (3) Name of one worker. white hair and beard hanging loose, sandals.

A Warrior, in fighting garb of (4) Approximately how much in- kahki, with turban, knife, and short vested by our local church in this sword.

division? (pastor's help required at A Priest, in saffron robes and carry- this point). ing rosary.

51

A Chela, with begging bowl. Future-Has she no children who A Scholar, dressed in semi-European will care for her? fashion, alert, important. A Skilled Craftsman, bearing a bowl Mother India-(Proudly) Yes, I of carved brass. have many children who have wrought A Far.mer, with rice and grains tied splendidly for me. They are noble in knotted cloth slung over his and illustrious. For me they would shoulder. lay down their very lives. A sma!/' group of women, dressed in saris and bringing with them beautiful Present-Then where are they? silken scarves. Why do they not come to you in your Outcaste Man, dressed poorly but need? neatly in white dhoti, blue cotton coat, and dark turban. (Select this char- Mother India-Ah, I am old, so very acter most carefully.) old, and they are young. Their days The Present, wearing a classic white are filled with the cares and hardrobe draped with gray gauze scarves. ships of youth. In a little while, in a The Future, classic robes of pure little while, when they have time they white. will come.

As curtain rises, Mother India is Present-But in the meantime you discovered feebly trying to worship at will perish. Can we not call them to the shrine. She falls in a little ex- you now? Is there none to find them? hausted heap beside the road. Enter the Present and the Future. The Future-I go to call them. At my Present discovers Mother India and bidding they will come, bearing loyal goes over to her. The Future waits gifts for their beloved Mother. In a at one side of stage. few moments I shall return with them. Do you in the meantime minister to Present-Oh, poor Mother India. her needs. What has happened? Why are you here beside the road, so weary and FUTURE LEAVES PLATFORM disconsolate? The Present kneels beside Mother Mother Indiu—-Daughter, I have India, helping her to recline more journeyed far and the weariness of the comfortably; straightens her garyears is upon me. ments; and ministers to her tenderly. The Future returns leading all of Present·-Whence have you come, Mother India's c;hildren. The Poet, Mother? the Priest, and the Scholar approach Mother India. The Warrior and the Mother India-I have come from the Craftsman stand a little at one side. far boundaries of my own past. Out The women group themselves at her of the misty beginnings of civilization feet or crouch near her head. The I come, seeking fulfillment and peace. Farmer stands deferentially at the I have come at last to the end of the far side, and the Outcaste man stops, journey here by this wayside shrine. barely inside the stage entrance.) Present-But how ragged and dusty Pt'esent-See, Children of India, your garments are! your beloved Mother lies here by the roadside, exhausted and ill. Can we Mother India-They have been torn not aid her? on many a briar and drenched with many a storm. Poet-Oh, beloved Mother, it grieves us to see thee thus stricken with weari- Present-Why do you not rise, ness and pain. Too long hast thou Mother? It is the hour for prayer. gathered dry sticks in the forest; too long hast thou cut the sheaves of Mother India-Alas! I can no longer brown grass on the barren hillsides. rise. My strength faileth me. Arise, cease from toil, take the while lotus of love which flowers in our Present (To the Future) Oh, what hearts for thee, and walk with us the shall we do? We cannot leave her here upon the road to perish alone.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

paths of blessed peace. (He lays a hold the bowl which my hands have flower beside her.) carved. This, Mother, is yours. You are hungry and thirsty. Eat and drink Mother India-Ah, beautiful is your that strength may return to you. flower, my son. My heart is made glad by your offering. (She touches it Mother India-How shall I eat from reverently, but does not lift it.) your bowl of loveliness when my bags are empty? Since I have been on my Warrior-CStepping forward brisk- journey, my rice has all been eaten ly), Nay, what cares our Mother now and my water skin is empty. I faint for flowers of love and paths of peace? with hunger. The world is knocking at her portals to carry away her treasure. She has Farmer-Here is grain, Mother, and need of strong arms and brave hearts. here are fruits from the trees in my Mother, arise and lean upon me. I field. Let mine be the hand that fills shall turn away those who would op- your bowl. pose you. Come, let me help you rise. Scholar-CLording it a bit.) Dh, Mother India-Nay, but I am tired, foolish brothers and sisters, while we son. Your swords have clashed in my argue, our Mother dies. Let us make ears so long. Leave me in peace, a litter of our cloaks and carry her to though it be but to die. her rest. Sisters, lift the grain and water skin. Let us make haste. Priest-Flowers of love and sword of warfare a.like are vain. Come with (The children all crowd around. me to the Shrine, Mother. There shall From their shawls and sticks they you make offering to the gods ….. . construct a rude litter. Mother India is lifted upon it. The litter is lifted Chela-(Pushing in suddenly from to the shoulders of the Warrior, edge of crowd.) Better that you should Farmer, Craftsman, and Scholar. The fill the bowl of this priestly son of women gather up the bowl, the flower, yours. Give to him that he may bless and the veils which have fallen, and you. Perchance a deed of generosity the grain and fruit. (The Priest leads may win merit to raise you from this the way.) (The Dutcaste remains at dusty bed. one side.) (The Poet following.) Mother India-Leave me to die. Priest-Come, let us take her to the How can I give to you that which I holy waters of the Ganges. There behave not? side the blessed stream, waiting in prayer, our Mother shall find healing. Women-Deal' Mother, we bring veils for your shrouding. It is not Mother India-Not, so, my son. fitting that you should lie here before Each year have I made the pilgrimage the sight of all who pass by. These to Benares or Hardwar, but behold, I ragged garments should be covered am no whit better. that you be not mocked in your sorrow. Place your arms about our Priest-Then let us carry you to shoulders and we shall raise you. Lean the hills, to Badranath, the most upon us and we shall lead you into sacred, where Mother Ganges springs the seclusion of our home where you as a tiny rivulet from the cool arms may rest undisturbed by the curious. of the glacier. The way is long, but we, your sons, will carry you. Mother India-Daughters of the gentle voices and the tender hands, I Mother India-Not so, not so. Two would go with you but I cannot rise. hundred miles beyond Hardwar into These limbs refuse to bear me further. the frozen hills! The weariness of death is upon me. Carry me not to Women~CSpeaking with veiled the hills. I am weary, weary, so weary. faces to the men.) Brothers, behold our Mother is ill and unable to rise. Warrior-Let us leave her here in Cannot you help us carry her to our the care of her daughters for a time home? while we unsheathe our swords and drive the stranger from her home. Craftsman-Before you take her Behold, from the far corners of the away, let me make a gift for her. Be-

earth, the foreigner has crowded in Outcuste-You speak truly. I would upon us until there iSJlo place left for not lead. I can only point to One who our beloved Mother to lie down to has called to us, "Follow me." He is rest. Let us to battle! able to lead us where there is healing Present-Peace, brother; too long for all, even for such as I. Have I has the sword been unsheathed in this not followed Him and learned of His fair land. They that live by the sword strange power?

shall also perish by the sword. Not Scholar-Do you say you have thus can you serve your Mother in her learned? How can that be ? You who need. have brains only for the menial tasks!

Poet–Bring her hither, my broth- Have not our holy books made it a ers, to the retreat where we poets and sin even to read their sacred pages in philosophers live. She shall lie at ease your presence? How then do you talk upon the green grass, where perfumed of learning?

fountains cast up their rainbow spray. Outcaste-It is true, brother, that We shall plant hedges of hibiscus and through the centuries we have been fragrant jasmine about her that she stupid and ignorant. I have been as be not tormented by the sight of the poor dumb beast until this great misery …… . Teacher of whom I tell you has made Farmer- (Interrupting.) And me to understand many things. I have would you then carry her away from read in the Blessed Book ….. .

us? In the years when the crops fail, Priest-CAstonished.) You have when disease walks through our vil- read the sacred books?

lages, or when poverty bends us low Outcaste-Nat your sacred books, shall we not be able to come before brother. The Book that tells of this our Mother for comfort and counsel? Great Physician ….. .

Scholar-Hush, villager, your com- (THEY SET LITTER DOWN AGAIN AS plainings trouble her. What have we THEY ARGUE.) to do with the voice of misery? Let us go forth to tell the world of her Mother India-The Physician! The glorious achievements. Hearing of Physician! Where is this worker of these all will love her and she shall miracles? Will He trouble to heal be exalted among the nations. me, a woman?

Future-Is there none among you Outcastf!–Yes, mother, He is tender who can lead? Poet, Priest, Scholar, and compassionate toward all.

can you not rally your brothers and Mother India–Then take me to sisters about you, or will you argue Him, my children, before I die.

together hopelessly while the Mother Wome11!–Come, let us find Him lies dying before you? Who will take quickly while there is hope. Forward, my hand and lead us to a place of brothers.

hope? Warrior-But who shall point us Outcaste-(Humbly.) Oh, my the way? Can you tell us which path brothers and sisters, hear me. I am to take, Poet?

poor and humble. No lotus blooms in Poet-Not I. The paths where my the tanks of my village; no bowls of feet wander are pleasant but lonely.

carven brass or scarves of silk can I I know not where this wonder worker bring in offering to the Mother whom lives.

I too love. My grain and my fruit she Warrior-Thou, Priest! Cans't thou must not eat, for I am untouchable. tell us?

But I have heard of One who can heal Priest-I have heard of Him, but her illness and I can guide you to the I know not where He dwells nor the dwelling place of the Great Physician. way of discovery.

Priest-(Scornfully.) You? What Warrior-CTo Scholar.) Then it is can you do save follow? We are the for you, learned one, to lead us. For- ones whose destiny it is to lead. ward and we shall follow.

Scholar-Alas, I have searched but Outcaste-(Turning to speak to the the way is clouded with the mists of little group just before they leave the uncertainty. I, too, would find the stage.) Teacher, but I search in vain. When we have found him, let us Future.-Oh, Children of India, lay kneel before Him and offer Him the aside your confusions and your pride. devotion of our hearts, for He is This lowly one among you bears testi- worthy. And His name is a name mony to the One who alone can heal above all names-Jesus the Christ. the grievous ills of the beloved Mother. He has followed and found the Teacher (Mother India rises to sitting posiand Healer for whom the whole world tion and lifts her joined hands high.) waits. Follow and He will lead you to the Teacher's feet. (To Outcaste.) Mother India-Jesus ! J esus ! the Humble one, speak plainly. Where Christ! He it is that shall heal me of dwelleth the Blessed One? How shall this weariness. To Jesus be praise! we find Him and how is His name called? Come, I will go with you to All-CAs they pass out of sight.) find Him. (She stretches her hand to Jesus! Jesus the Christ! to Jesus be the Outcaste who takes it as he steps praise! to head of line.) END. Outcaste.-His dwelling I know. It is not in the shrine or in the retreat. NOTE :~-Use with the presentation of tho It is out among the restless weary ahuve demonstration, the two Indi.a songs found ones. He dwelleth in a house not in the Methods Department of the December made with hands. The way I know issue. for He led me and I followed and found peace. Come and we shall guide WONDERFUL WORK you to Him. We will lay our Mother at His feet, for He will heal and raise It's wonderful work, they're saying, when her that she may shine forth like a men put over a scheme, jewel among the nations. But the wonder of all was the laying of Warrior~(Fingering his sword.) the outlines and the dream, And shall we meet with dangers upon the path, or shall we need to force our The bringing to birth of the fancy, the way into His presence? setting the heart aglow Outcaste-Dangers and trials there With visions of use and beauty that the will be, but with swords and fightings work might be builded so. we may not approach, for He is the Prince of Peace. It's wonderful work, they're saying, of the things men do each day, All-(Shouldering the litter again.) Let us go forward! (They move off But the wonder began in the dreaming with the Outcaste and the Future lead- of the light, the truth and the way; ing, the Present following last.) And somewhere the heart and the spirit, Mother India-Now shall I find rest the hope and the faith and the trust and healing. The strong arms of my sons are carrying me where there is Of a dreamer were forming the structure life and light. My daughters are with that the builder lifts from the dust. me. Their loving devotion brings joy -B. B., in "Baltimore Sun." and refreshment to me. With my children about me to uphold me I shall (The above method of progress is find the healing for which I long. dedicated to the young missionary worker who is dreaming great dreams Scholar-And when we have found of the possibilities of Christ's rule in the Teacher, how shall we address the hearts of folks and is fearful of Him? By what title shall we honor making them known lest he may be Him? called a dreamer.) TELEPHONE ANNOUNCEMENT Purchase two toy telephones. Place a table and chair at one side of plat- form or room and another chair op- posite. One announcer sits reading. The other announcer comes into the room, takes up the phone and calls a number. A bell rings. The reader takes up her phone, and during the conversation, an announcement is made of the next missionary meeting, and an invitation given to attend.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY MISS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York WHAT CHINESE WOMEN ARE The government in China today is DOING standing for the political equality of men and women. Women are very By TING SHU CHING and KATHARINE generally being employed in govern- E. VAUGHN ment offices, many for clerical work and a few holding higher positions In these days which are on the bord- which necessitate the carrying of a er land of the period of reconstruction, good deal of responsibility. During full of activity along political, eco- the last twenty years women have taken an active part in the furthering of the revolution and as the nation settles down to the business of recon- struction there is every reason to be- lieve that an increasing number of government positions will be open to women who are qualified to serve their country in this way.

In Development of Rural Life A second concern is for the women in the country districts. U nti! recent- ly the Women's Movement has had to do mostly with a relatively small group of women, who have lived for the most part in the larger cities. It has felt this weakness, but it is looking now toward the time when country women TING SHU CHING shall be included in its activities. Much publicity is being given to the nomic and social lines, the question fact that some eighty-five per cent of arises of how much part Chinese wom- China's 400,000,000 people are living en are having in the up-bUilding of in country districts and villages, septhe nation and with what phases of it arated from each other and isolated they especially are concerning them- from the rest of China through lack selves. of means of communiCation. A direct result of the revolution has been that we are fast becoming more aware of this eighty-five per cent in the coun- try and that they are at the same time becoming more conscious of their own In Governmental Aft'airs strength. Much attention is being paid to The presence of women delegates at the third national conference held rural education. Popular education classes are being organized even in in Nanking in the spring of 1929, in- remote villages and learning to read dicates that they are concerning them- and write one thousand of the mast selves with the government. "Woman commonly used Chinese characters in delegate makes brilliant speech for four months time brings new life to women's rights," appeared in the head- the women in country districts.

lines of one of the conference reports. Churches and groups such as the Y.

56 W. C. A. are gladly joining in China's tional gatherings. Most recent was effort to bring education to the masses, the Pan-Pacific Conference held in especially to the women, looking to- Honolulu in August, 1928. Two Chi- ward the time when they may be bet- nese women went as delegates to that ter educated and more helpful citizens. conference to represent China in con- In Economic Independence sidering problems common to all coun- tries bordering on the Pacific.

Economic independence is a third In China, the National Council of concern of China's women today. The Women, organized for the development number of women who earn their own of women along lines of general knowl- living is constantly increasing. Most edge, social, economic and internation- professions are open to them, many al interests takes its place beside sim- are successful business women and the ilar National Councils in thirty-eight social service field has much to offer. other countries in affiliation with the In addition to these openings for International Council of Women. The trained workers there are endless fac- Young Women's Christian Association tories offering means of livelihood for as an international organization joins the less skilled. The development of the association in China with associa- large scale industry in China has given tion centers in forty-four other coun- work to many women. Cotton spin- tries and is an international fellowship ning and weaving, silk reeling, match for women who believe that Christian packing, cigarette wrapping, hosiery principles are at the root of right so- and embroidery works are all possible cial and economic development. Stu- means for at least a partial livelihood. dents in China are linked with student That the conditions under which movements in other countries through such work is done are far more satis- the World Student Christian Federa- factory is the concern of a steadily tion and the Christian movement it- increasing number of women who ap- self brings together Christian women preciate too, the need for education everywhere. Two years ago the Wom- for women and girls in modern indus- en's International League for Peace trial plants in order to prepare them and Freedom sent two representatives for the part that will be theirs in to China, one from England and one China's developing Labor Movement. from France, to acquaint themselves In this emerging Labor Movement with the problems of Chinese women women are being given a chance, but and to assure the women of China of there are as yet few qualified to take the sympathetic interest of women in it. To quote from a Chinese industrial the West.

worker: "The workers as well as those The status of women is changing who are interested in their welfare and it is changing with much less look forward to a genuine movement agitation than has often been possi- headed up by their own leaders and a ble for siIT,lilar changes in western working women's union to work for countries. The methods by which the women's welfare especially under the changes are accomplished are new to leadership of women with industrial the thinking of Chinese women.

employment." Group life and group thinking are in In International Aifairs contrast to the more individual think- ing when women remained so ex- A fourth concern is international in clusively within the walls of their own its nature. Chinese women are coming homes. New problems bring with more and more to have connections them the need for cooperation and for with women in other countries and to the sharing of responsibility. While consider with them questions which numerically speaking it is true that touch on the interests of women the the majority of the women of China world over. Chinese women have been may be living lives little, if at all, af- represented. in a number of interna- fected by the events of the last years,

it is also true that with each step in in charge of Miss Adams and Miss the economic development of the country the results of the revolution be- White. come more far reaching and touch the lives of far more people. It is the * * * ** concern of the women of China today Among those who spoke at the to prepare themselves for the time when the help of the Women's Move- meeting of the Executive Committee ment will be most needed in the reconstruction of the country. were Miss Josephine Schain, secretary NOTES FROM THE MEETING of the National Committee on the of the Executive Committee of the Fed- Cause and Cure of War. Miss Schain eration of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America, 419 Fout·th gave a brief review of late develop- Avenue, New York City, November 7 and ments in connection with the World 8, 1929. Court and stressed the importance of The annual meeting will be held in Atlantic City at "The Breakers," Jan- keeping in touch with our senators uary 10-14. The theme for this meeting will. be: ."Spiritual Factors in a and congressmen that they may know World of Facts." our desires in regard to the World Miss Elinor White and Miss Alma Adams will be in charge of the wor- Court and World Peace. ship service throughout the Conference, with Miss Sarah Maloy at the Miss Bessie MacMurchy, a member piano. Saturday evening the speakers will tell of the interesting World Con- of the Executive Committee from ferences, the Havana Conference, the World Y. W. C. A., the Institute of Canada, speaking on international re- Pacific Relations, and the Paris Conference. lations work from the point of view Rev. Henry P. VanDusen and Miss of Canadian women, said in part: Helen Calder will have charge of the Sunday morning service. There will "The fact that Canada is a member of be a Vesper Service Sunday afternoon when Miss Bertha Conde will speak. the League of Nations gives much Sunday evening will be given over to four outstanding missionaries who help to us in our peace work. The will speak on "The Spiritual Implications of the Task." League of Nations Society which has Monday morning will be chiefly local branches in many places sends taken up with business, and in the afternoon "The World Federation of out a ·great deal of literature which Christian Women" and the Day of Prayer will be the chief topics for keeps us in close touch with all that consideration, and Miss Margaret Applegarth will have a Story Hour. is being done by the League. The Monday evening will be a gala oc- missionary magazines use this macasion, with a dinner and speeches by the Nationals of various countries, and terial constantly, putting it in form the closing session Tuesday morning will be a business session, ending with for the local women." a season of "Worship Through Music," Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, chairman of the Committee on International Rela- tions, brought many valuable recom- mendations from her committee, among which are the following: 1. That again we endorse the World Court and use our influence for the ratifications by the Senate of the new Protocol.

2. An active Campaign of Education concerning our relations as a government to the present situation of the World Court, and to the Naval Disarmament Conference to be held in London in January.

3. That the office of the Federation do everything in its power to secure a strong 'delegation of outstanding church women for the Cause and Cure of War Confer- ence in January, and that this Committee cooperate in ways deemed most effective.

4. The endorsement of the Treasure Chest Friendship Project.

5. That the Federation and Boards study carefully the report of the meeting of the Committee of the International Missionary Council, held at Williams- town in July.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretarlj, Council of Women for Home Missions SONSHIP opened by singing hymns, followed by God came down from Heaven a Bible story, reading or recitation of verses by the pupils, prayer, then study To teach me how to live; and recitation period from thirty to forty minutes. Memory work was God came down from Heaven often, but not always, followed by play period of ten to twenty minutes and To teach me how to give; singing. We assigned several Psalms for memory work, and each was aided 'God came down from Heaven in selecting Scripture verses of out- standing merit. To help fix them in To teach me how to die; God came down from Heaven To o lift my dreams on high. small, I am big, nor poor nor Since He has thought me worth it all!

-Anne M. Robinson.

WITH THE INDIANS memory we selected verses for each one with initial letters of his name. September, 1928, Miss Helen M. We spent some time memorizing the Brickman's service as national director good old hymns. of Indian Work, Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home "We offered a prize for best work Missions, began. It is a pleasure to and two prizes were earned. Two present excerpts from reports that girls, one Pima, a Baptist; the other have come to her from local directors Navajo, a Presbyterian, had perfectly of religious education at Government recited all work assigned.

boarding schools and to let our readers "One night I said, 'Tomorrow is see the countenances of those serving. your night to go to the park to the Miss Brickman's picture appeared in band concert; if you wish to go we the May REVIEW. will not have Bible school.' They said, 'We want to have the school and will Mr. J. C. Ross, religious work direc- not go: I insisted that any who wished tor at Albuquerque and Santa Fe, to go to the concert do so and we would writes: "We conducted an interde- have school for the others. Only one nominational vacation Bible school in girl went; all others were at school. June, at request of the pastors of some We asked them as closing time drew of the Albuquerque churches, for chil- near whether or not they wanted dren of the congregations partici- school to close, so they could have more pating, several children from other time for play in the evening. Everychurches and quite a number gathered one said, 'We want the school to hold in who had no church or Sunday- longer.' school connection.

"Immediately after closing this work we opened an evening school in the "Mrs. Ross arranged a little mis- girls' sitting room at Albuquerque In- sionary pageant, with candles and dian School. Meetings were held five flags of many nations for the closing evenings each week from 7 : 00 to 9: 00. evening. One character was to be an The children were so eager we could American Indian and carry the United hardly get them to go when closing States flag. No one was willing to act time came. With exception of one girl the Indian. At last a Hopi boy said given an outing after she enrolled and he would. He costumed and rehearsed.

one little boy who came only a few He also costumed on the evening of times and then dropped out, we had the play, but instead of filing in with almost perfect attendance. the others, jumped out of the window.

"We had no stated program; usually It was easy to get a Japanese, a Turk, 59

an Austrian or anything else, but no one wanted to play the Indian.

"Saturday follcwing the close, in a truck from the school, we went up the Rio Grande to a nice grove; there had a fine afternoon. Weiners, onions, pickles, coffee and watermelons were served.

"Three weeks in August were spent similarly at Santa Fe. Neither group was willing to quit when closing time came. Nearly all attending were earn- est in study and pleasant in disposi- tion. Only those who wished to come J. c. noss A. A. VAN SICKLE were there; no urgency was used. We have made the usual trips to Santa Fe though we need hymn books badly we this fall and are finding the same have done nothing about them. The hearty cooperation that has always hymn books furnished by the school been extended. They did not get the are not allowed to be taken from the additional grade added, so we lost our Chapel.

leaders among the pupils. Others will "Had a busy day yesterday, taught develop, however." six classes; will have a busy day to- In the July issue there was a pic- morrow, Sunday."

ture of seventy-six young people of Rev. J. M. Hinds, pastor of the Con- Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas, gregational Church in Genoa, Nebras- who were received into Protestant ka who serves part time at the school churches at Easter. A September there, sends an interesting calculation: letter from Rev. A. A. Van Sickle, our "Looking over record of attendance at director, says: weekday religious instruction at Genoa "For the past month I have been just Indian School for a recent month, I about swamped, and it looks as if I find total attendance at classes 1,015.

would be for some time yet. Our work Expense was $33.33, or 3% cents per is starting out in a fine way. There is unit hour of worship and instruction.

such a good wholesome spirit mani- Should we include two addresses at fested by the whole student body this Sunday evening assembly at the school year. There never has been in the his- (average attendance 525), expense tory of the Indian a s.tudent body as would be cut in half or would be prac- large as the one at Haskell which is as tically 1Y2 cents per unit hour. On far advanced educationally. Most stu- this basis it cost the church in Genoa dents here are high school and junior twenty times as much to provide unit college grade. We are trying to make hour under the same leadership and our religious program a regular part much of it identical in character."

of the whole school program, and I A Sisseton Indian, Mr. Isaac Grey- think we are getting somewhere with earth, is religious work director at it. We have over 450 Protestant stu- Pipestone, Minn., and Flandreau, S.

dents enrolled in our religious educa- Dak., also serving the rural depart- tion classes this year. ment of the International Committee, "We have chosen for textbook, 'The Y. M. C. A. in work with the boys and Bible: Story and Content,' by Calvin young men on reservations.

Weiss Laufer. We have arranged for The "Personals" column, November three students to use one book. Since REVIEW noted appointment of Rev.

they recite only once each week we Floyd O. Burnett as director of re- think this will be satisfactory. If it ligious education at Sherman Institute, is not we may need enough more books Riverside, California. We hope later so that two students use one book. AI- to give items from him.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN fi1

A . GRAHAM ROWLAND ISAAC GREYEARTH FLOYD O. BURNETT J. ~L HINDS Theodore Roosevelt School, Fort showed them how they could build one Apache, Arizona has a new religious side so much longer than the others work director, Miss A. Graham Row- that the whole triangle would be land, necessitated by resignation and spoiled. Perhaps they did not undermarriage of Mil'S Bessie Kniffen. Miss stand all of it but when asked to sign Rowland writes of first experiences: their names if they wanted to join, every girl there, twenty-five in all. "Mr. and Mrs. Fred Young (Bessie signed up and I trust that through Kniffen and husband) left this morn- this organization we can lead these ing. I begin my first report by telling girls closer and closer to our Master. of the chive'fa with which the bridal couple were received. It was my first "This month has been fuJi of new such experience so I guess I enjoyed it faces, new experiences, new places. more than most of them, though every- The children are beginning to accept one was there from superintendent to me now, especially the girls, and we missionary. It began after the lights have many jolly games of 'Cat and went out, with guns, bells, whistles Rat' together. Several teachers have and pans being shot, rung, blown and let me visit their rooms and that helps beaten in front of the couple's room. in getting acquainted with the chil- They finally appeared and rode burroes dren. The employees have been very down the middle of the road to one of nice to me too; I think they will be the other houses. There the whole nice to work with. I have also met the crowd assembled and were 'set up' by employees at White River-the Indian the bride and groom. They were pre- school four miles from here. Two pared with ice cream, cakes and candy. weeks ago, four of us from the Fort hiked over, met a group of the White "The head matron and I met with River employees half way and had 6th, 7th and 8th grade girls and or- supper together. We had a jolly time ganized a Girl Reserve group. I drew and decided then and there to do it a tepee on the board and asked what again real soon. it stood for. I drew a tree and asked what that stood for. Then I drew a "Fort Apache is still wonderful to blue triangle and tried to tell them me and I wonder each day what good what that stood for,-a group of girls just like themselves who wanted to things wiII happen. I feel like the poet have good times together, to learn new things, to have strong bodies and alert who says, minds, to learn more about Jesus and to live like Him. I told them that each The day wiII bring some lovely thing, side of the triangle stood for some- I say it over each new dawn; thing-body, mind and spirit-and Some gay adventurous thing to hold Against my heart when it is gone. And so I rise and go to meet The day with wings upon my feet,

AMERICA viously religion was taboo, but now

is recognized as a fundamental and Peruvian Spreads the Gospel eternal phenomenon of human life. Eminent thinkers like Antonio Caso MR. JOHN RITCHIE, a Scotch mis- and Jose Vasconcelos of Mexico, Mari- sionary in Lima, Peru, publishes ano Iberico Rodriguez of Lima Unian evangelical paper called Renacie- versity, the President of Buenos Ayres menta ("Regeneration"). Some months University, and the poetess Gabriela ago a man in northern Peru, who had Mistral of Chile have all dealt with heard of this paper from a passing religious themes in their recent publitraveler, wrote to Senor Juan Retcher, cations. Protestant Archbishop of Lima, sending for sample copies and for Scrip- In most of the South American tures. After reading them he consti- countries the newspapers and reviews tuted himself an agent for securing readily publish articles on religious subscriptions,' and for his pains has topics. Catholic evangelization is been put in prison twice by fanatical making a rapid progress in the larger authorities. Nothing daunted, he con- cities and the mass of the people is tinues his work and has already touch- taking more and more interest in the ed a whole series of towns and villages life of Jesus. There is, however, one around his own town, Chiquian. disturbing factor – the Latin Amer- Among those he has been able to in- ican peoples are showing strong interest is a young fellow whose father clination for Theosophy and Spiritism. came back years ago from the coast In Chile, Mexico and Brazil, Theosophy with a Bible, telling his little son that has already become a serious rival to the friars did not teach the way of Christianity. – Information Service, truth, but that it could be found in the World's Committee, Y. M. C. A. book he had bought. Lately this boy, now grown to manhood, journeyed on Famine in Porto Rico foot nine days to Huacho, there taking the train to Lima where he marched CONDITIONS in Porto Rico are into Mr. Ritchie's church in sandals vividly described by Governor and poncho, and, doffing his great hat, Theodore Roosevelt in the New York asked that some one be sent to instruct Herald Tribune. The population dehimself and his neighbors in his far- pends mainly on agriculture. Average away mountain town in evangelical earnings are only $150 a year. The truth. Mr. Ritchie affirms that there hurricane a year ago destroyed $80,- are dozens of little groups scattered 000,000 worth of property, fruit trees through Peru that would soon grow and coffee plantations. People from into strong evangelical churches, if the farms who corne into the towns in native preachers could be sent to them. the hope of finding employment and -So S. Times. food make the situation even worse than it already was. Housing facili- Spiritual Springtime ties are "woefully inadequate." Dis- ease is increasing, both because of the DR. JOHN A. MACKAY writes in over-crowding and because the Health World Dominion that the univer- Department lacks funds to cope with sities of Latin America have finally conditions. The Red Cross estimates thrown off the burden of materialistic that 60% of the children of the Island philosophy that has weighed heavily are undernourished, a large number on that continent for so long. Pre- 62

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

of whom are "literally starving." The ganization encouraging and making infant mortality rate is approximately possible, by bringing the cost within two and a half times that of the the means of the average Christian United States. "Tuberculosis is one worker, the reverent study of the of our worst menaces, and under the Bible in the land of its birth. present condition of affairs is fastening on the children, who have no The field department, with headstrength to resist it." quarters in Jerusalem, is the central feature of the Institute's activities. Religion in Canal Zone Its objective is to conduct parties through the Holy Land. Classes are THE religious life in the Panama held at the main stopping places in Canal Zone is rather unique. the Holy Land as well as in the rural While there are two Episcopal churches districts. A short course aimed to and one Baptist church as well as give a sound background to the Holy Catholic churches for the Americans Scriptures from the standpoint of living there, there is a system of union geography, topography and customs of churches affiliated with the Federal the people is the paramount feature. Council of Churches of Christ in The business department, located at America. These four churches are dis- the Bible House, New York, assists tributed at different points on the and cooperates with the work of the Zone, Cristobal, Gatun, Pedro Miguel, field department. – Federal Council and Balboa. These, while having their Bulletin. local church councils, are in turn regulated by a central council and work D. V. B. S. in Palestine in the greatest harmony. Two of the four churches have fine buildings. I N 1928 four Vacation Bible Schools The advocates of church unity can be were held in Palestine; the past proud of the system and its results. year the number increased to four- One of these churches has a Chinese teen. The first school of this kind was Bible class. The four churches unite held in Ramallah in 1925, but in 1929 in a missiouary work being done for they were in most of the important the natives at David, on the Pacific centers of Palestine and Transjorcoast north of Panama City. The dania. The total enrolment has reached Wesleyan Methodist Episcopal Church 674; forty-five teachers have given has missions for the colored people at their time freely in this service. Panama City, Colon, Paraiso, and There is nothing denominational or Gatun. The Baptists have a similar sectarian about the Daily Vacation work for the colored people. In each Bible School Movement, and three of case a superintendent (white) has the schools have been entirely in the charge, with colored pastors in the hands of members of the Greek Ortholocal churches.-C. E. World. dox Church.

WESTERN ASIA One of the most gratifying features of this work is that those who are Toward Understanding the Bible taking part in it-as well as those who are benefiting from it-belong to so To THE many Bible stUdents, many different sections. The teachers clergymen and laymen, limited in are pupils of many different mission time and money but desirous of com- schools; the buildings occupied have ing into a more intimate understand- been lent by different bodies; while ing of the Holy Scriptures, the Travel all branches of the Protestant Church, Institute of Bible Research is render- as well as the Greek Orthodox Coming a service of exceptional value. munity are anxious to help in the movement in one way or another. In Having its genesis in a demand for one school at least a Moslem girl has authentic evangelical leadership in the offered her services as a teacher and historical, geographical and archreo- will help with the teaching of handlogical background of the Scriptures, craft.-Bible Lands S. S. News. the Institute is a noncommercial or-

CHINA and by generous contributions from both Chinese and English in Hong- A Benevolent Railway kong. The site of twenty-five acres on which the school stands was given MANCHURIA is an important field free of cost by the British Govern- for Christian work, made acces- ment. The college provides a Chrissible by the cooperation of the South tian education on modern lines for the Manchuria Ry. Co., some of .whose sons of well-to-do Chinese. Accommoofficials are Christian. This company dation has been provided for one hungives a 50,% discount on tickets to all dred boarders. In the school may be Christian workers living in Manchuria found a large number of non-Christian and passes to those who come in from boys, drawn from the official, comoutside. The three Christian organi- mercial, professional and other leading zations doing the most extensive work classes, both from China itself and are the Presbyterian, Congregational Chinese communities overseas. – The and Methodist Churches. In addition Christian. to these, there are the Anglican Church, the Salvation Army and the Chaplin Memorial Boat Y. M. C. A. I N THE autumn of 1926 the contract At Newchwang, first Manchurian was let for a boat, to be used for port opened to foreign trade, there is evangelistic itineration purposes, as a a well organized, active group of in- memorial to Rev. Maxwell Chaplin, of fluential Christians who hold their Showchow, Kiangan Mission, China, meetings in a rented building. Their who died July 20th of that year from evangelistic spirit is strong and, led Asiatic cholera. This boat has now by their pastor, they are growing in been completed and dedicated. The numbers, as well as working and name Baoling, Mr. Chaplin's Chinese praying earnestly for the erection of name, is cut in large Chinese chara church building. At Darien, where acters on either side of the boat outthe Japanese population is 80,000, the side, and colored bright red. The four pastor and his wife have led their peo- shields of the windows, on the outside, ple to build a beautiful church during are cut with six characters each. their three years of service. They Translated, they read: have increased the membership from a mere handful to 196. There were "The Cross Saves Utterly." 51 baptisms last year. "At a Word the Wind and Waves The South Manchuria Railway Were Stilled." maintains, in the various cities of this land, such constructive institutions as "The Great God, the Living God, a Social Service Bureau, Domestic the True God." Science and other schools, hospitals, libraries and clubs. Manchuria has a "Created Us, Loved Us, Saved Us." Japanese popUlation of 200,000. – A short history of Mr. Chaplin's Korea Mission Field. life, in Chinese characters, hangs on the front side of the cabin. Under it New Public School is a place for his picture. On the op- posite side is a map in colors showing T AST May the new buildings of St. the course of the Hwai River, with L Stephen's College, Hongkong, an the railroad from about fifty miles north of Fengpu to Nanking, all institution of the Church Missionary small rivers in· the district, mountains, Society, were occupied, the foundation lakes, villages where there are groups stone having been laid by the Governor of worshipers, centers where there are of Hongkong in April, 1928. The organized churches and small villages new buildings were erected at a cost stilI unreached by the Gospel.-Presof £40,000, the money having been byterian World News. raised by the sale of the old buildings

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"'Nouriah Sou.l" CODvention joy far greater respect than would be expected" on a comparison of numbers, THE Pooi Ling (Nourish Soul) declares Rev. Michael Becker, Evan- Convention at Hongkong is more gelical Lutheran pastor in that land, and more being recognized as a fixed as reported in Neues Leben (Ljubl- institution, interdenominational in jana). Pastor Becker stated that he character, and groups of Christian was able to report "generally satisfac- workers, as well as individuals tory conditions" throughout the Prot- throughout the south look forward estant churches of Jugoslavia. "Aside with much expectation to this annual from financial means we are in a posi- meeting. This is a ten days' gather- tion to cultivate evangelical undering of Chinese pastors, preachers, standing and evangelical thought and teachers, Bible women, and a repre- life among the church members and sentative company of laymen from the awaken interest and goodwill for various churches in the district. A Protestantism among the remaining similar convention was more repre- population." As an indication of the sentative, there being some two hun- loyalty and willingness to sacrifice on dred from various parts of the prov- the part of church members, Pastor ince, in addition to hundreds from Becker points out that in his church Canton and its suburbs. Among district 25,000 members of the Luththose from the country were seventy eran Church capable of earning their Bible women .in connection with the own living contribute annually about Federation of Churches, who attended $90,000 for current expenses and in a body, preferring to rise early and $18,000 for benevolences, which inmake an hour's tramp, in order to save cludes the maintenance of a Lutheran bus fare for the offering. The num- deaconess home, orphans' homes, hosber of young people in attendance was pitals and homes for the aged and encouraging.-AUiance Week~y. poor. Out of 70 preaching stations, 35 are vacant. Because of great dis- EUROPE tances to be traveled and lack of ade- quate railways and other means of Buddhist Temple in London transportation, some groups of Luth- erans often remain unvisited by pas- THE first Buddhist temple in London tors for years.-Bulletin. is to be built in the West End. A site has been acquired, and the temple John Eliot's Bible will be modeled on that of the famous Caves of Ajanta in Hyderabad, be- A BATTERED Old Testament which lieved to date from 200 B. C. John Eliot caused to be printed in an Indian language, and which he At a public meeting in Colombo it used in mission work among the was decided to send three priests to American Indians, has been discovered London, where it is estimated there by chance on a musty book shelf in are about 500 Buddhists. A wealthy Exeter Cathedral. Printed in strange Ceylonese, who has given 75,000 rupees characters, the book is dated 1661 and ($37,500) toward the establishment of was published by Samuel Green of the temple, is meeting the expenses of Cambridge, Mass. The entire text is sending the priests. in an American Indian language, and is the earliest instance of pUblication London already has a Moslem mos- of a retranslation of the English Bible que, and the Nizan of Hyderabad has in a foreign tongue as a means of promised five lakhs of rupees (about evangelization. Eliot, named "The $137,500) towards the fund which is Apostle to the Indians," having acbeing raised for building another.- quired the language of the Indians of Revord of Christian Work. the region in twenty-three years of toil among them, published the trans- "Minority" Respected TWO hundred and thirty-five thou- sand Protestants out of a population of 12,000,000 in Jugoslavia, "en- S

lation, said to be the first book printed liberty of Protestant churches in Italy, in the Indian language and the first it is gratifying to note that the Synod Bible printed in America. of the Waldensian Church at its an- nual meeting in September, 1929, A Society for the Propagation of adopted the following message to the Gospel among the Indians was Premier Mussolini: formed in' London in 1649, and annually sent Eliot money to supplement To His Excellency, the Head of the Govthe salary he received from the church ernment, The Honorable B. MU88olini, at Roxbury, Mass., where he settled Rome: after coming to New England in 1631. -N. Y. Times. The Waldensian Synod, assembled in its annual session at Torre Pellice, con- French Mission Hospital stituted by the representatives of all the evangelical Waldensian churches, with THE Mission Hospital of the French delegates present from the principal Southeast Mission, located at Dig- evangelical churches of the world, has nes, Basses-Alps, France, and under learned with great satisfaction of the the direction of the well-known Hugue- promulgation of the law of June 24, not Christians M. and Mme. Henri 1929, No. 1159, on the exercise of the Contesse, has been in operation but religious forms of service, "admitted" in eight months. In that time a number the state; and, while it expresses its of patients have been treated, and gratitude to His Excellency, the head of many conversions have taken place. the National Government, for solemnly The hospital is a distinctly Christian reaffirming, by it, the great principals of and missionary institution, and is civilization, which under our common manned by a staff that is one hundred law, such as the freedom of conscience per cent evangelical and evangelistic. and of worship, equality of all citizens Daily prayers are held, attended by before the law, whatever their religious all patients who are able.. profession, free discussion on religious matters, invokes the blessing of the Al- In connection with this Mission mighty on the Head of the Government there is also an orphanage, where the and on our country, that she may prosper children of Protestant parents are re- and grow great, for the good of all her ceived and brought up in the Christian sons. faith. Recently there came to the mission two little Armenian girls, The President of the Synod, aged nine and eleven, absolutely homeless and friendless. Their father had GurSEPPE FASULO. been killed by the Turks before their very eyes, and their mother, an exile His excellency caused this message in France, had died of cancer. They to be sent to the newspapers throughwere welcomed to this orphanage, and out Italy, and it was circulated everymade a part of the happy family of where and aroused great interest. little orphans who are being brought La Stampa, of Turin, sent a reporter up in the nurture and admonition of at once by automobile, 37 miles, to the Lord.-Evangelical Christian. interview the Moderator of the Synod and gave prominence to his report. Action of Synod o:f the Waldensian First Atheist Univeroity Church, Italy THE first anti-religious university THERE are over 100,000 Walden- in the world was opened at Lenin- sians, comprising more than two grad, October 10, with elaborate cerethirds of the 150,000 Protestants, or monies. Named aft e r Stepanoff less than one half of one per cent of Skvortsoff, pioneer atheist in Russia, the 41,000,000 population of Italy. In the anniversary of whose death ocview of the widespread anxiety as to curred on this date, the new university the effect of the concordat between the began its sessions with 300 students, Vatican and the Government upon the forty-seven being women. The insti- tution, its founders say, is intended to prepare a large body of anti-religion- ists and active propagandists of mili- tant atheism.

In opening the university, Professor Bogoraz of the Russian Academy of

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Science, declared that at the present stone missed, falling into the water.

time, "when the church is attempting Bolshevist persecution is bitter. A to regain its lost power in Russia," a new institution in Russia is the read- relentless struggle based upon strict ing room in the villages. One who has science must be carried on against re- entered many of them says that, apart ligion. Following the action of Lenin- from Soviet propaganda, the only lit- grad in creating an anti-religious uni- erature is of an indecent character.

versity, the Society of Militant Parents who forbid their children to Atheists opened a similar institute in go to these reading rooms are punished Mcscow. The students, who number with imprisonment.-S. S. Times.

more than 400, will have as their in- structors Mme. Lenin, Commissar of ISLANDS Health Semashko, and a number of other prominent Soviet leaders. – N. Another Unreached Tribe Y. Times. T HE Crane Pacific Expedition for the Field Museum of Natural His- tory for Chicago recently visited New Russian Evangelical Activity THE Tartars of Kasan are descend- Guinea, the second largest island in ants of the Golden Horde of Geng- the world. In the heart of the island his Khan and are Mohammedans. The they discovered a people, which they evangelical movement is beginning to claim to be of a stone-age civilization, reach them. A Tartar by the name of who had never laid eyes upon a white Krissof received a copy of a Gospel man. They are said to be "savage and while in the army, and was profoundly primitive, wearing few clothes and stirred by reading it. Coming home brilliant bird – of – paradise feathers after the war he strayed into a prayer stuck in their woolly hair. Some of house of evangelical Christians in the tribesmen paint themselves' in Kasan and was converted. In 1921 he stripes of red, black and yellow, and returned home and started meetings others scar themselves with flints or in his village of Kibech. A revival by fire."-Alliance Weekly.

broke out and at present there are twenty-six baptized members in the New Hebrides Synod T church that he formed, with fifteen HIS Synod met at Aneityum June 16th to 20th. The Rev. J. C. Rae, waiting for baptism. The Gospel has already spread to other Tartar vil- Erromanga, was nominated as Mod- lages, and many Tartars have become erator. Appreciation of money gifts Christians in the Trans-Caucasus, from the Presbyterian Church in Can- Turkestan, Caucasus and the Crimea. ada and an anonymous donor in New In Lake Pskov is an island called Zealand was minuted. Gratification Zalito, inhabited by illiterate fisher- was expressed that there has been a men. So ignorant are the people that marked decrease in the central islands when, in cholera times, physicians of the groups in the supplying of were sent .thither for their assistance liquor to natives. The Synod strongly they were driven out with threats of expressed the view that the interests drowning. A little group of six were of good order demand amendment of converted here and abandoned vodka the Code of native law regarding and ribaldry. When Morgunoff, a morals. The old native law and cus- Christian evangelist, came to preach tom demands a higher standard than to them, a drunken crowd tried to kill the European definitions embodied in him, but Morgunoff's wise and kindly the Code prescribed, and the enforc- words disarmed them. On entering a ing of the lower standard of that code boat to return home, he noticed a on the natives is inimical to their in- woman slipping along the shore who terests. Recognizing immorality as a threw an enormous stone at him. The factor of depopulation in the New woman aimed at his head, but the Hebrides, the Synod urgently presses

the need for reform on the Condo- services held once or twice a month. minium legislature. It also complains At present, in everyone of these scatthat the government is somewhat spas- tered districts there are churches, modic in its efforts to suppress sale of more or less self-supporting, and each liquor to natives. Valiant medical and a center of evangelizing influence.- educational work is reported, and that The Christian. evangelistic work wins converts, and baptisms of adults and young are re- NORTH AMERICA ported at nearly every station. Mr. A. K. Langridge was congratulated on Systematic Bible Study his completion of forty years of unselfish service as honorary secretary AS A PART of the movement for of the John G. Paton Committee Fund. ft the encouragement of systematic -Quarterly Register. reading and study of the Bible, the American Home Bible Institute is Whole Island Converted sponsoring the formation of "Around- the-table" groups in hom e sand GoNAVE is a large island fifty by churches. The course selected for twelve miles, in the Bay of Port- 1930, and now ready for use, is au-Prince, Haiti, about twenty-eight "Studies in the Life of the Christian," miles from the mainland. In one year taking up in order Christ the Great seventeen missionary stations have Teacher, the Christian's God, the been established there, with a preach- Christian man, his fellow man, his ing place and a primary school in each. faith, Book, prayer, service, church, Thus 3,000 believers have been en- home, business world, society, state rolled as members of the congregation. and home, in a series of fourteen The inhabitants, numbering some studies, with :final review. The Insti- 12,000, are abandoning voodoo fetish- tute recommends small groups of three ism and worship of the great serpent to ten members, and the course is so god. The people are eager to learn to arranged that the members may, if read. Last year 100 Bibles, 200 Testa- they desire, take turns in conducting ments, and 2,000 Gospels were bought the sessions. The Institute's creditby them.-Sunday-School Times. certificate, applicable towards the dip- loma, will be issued upon completion Inland AUlitralia of the course on the same basis as for completion of prescribed work in the QUEENSLAND, Australia, has an full curriculum. area equal to the former empires of Austria and Germany, and eight The American Home Bible Institute, times that of Great Britain. In the now in its twelfth year, is an associacapital, Brisbane, there is a popula- tion of Christian workers, having its tion of about 300,000, while over the headquarters at the home of its presiremainder of the State, in cities of dent, Mr. E. W. Collamore, 837 Allison from five to fifteen thousand, and in Street, Washington, D. C., conducting tiny townships and in a multitude of full courses of Bible reading and lonely homesteads another half-million study, and having students in nearly of men, women and children are scat- every state of the Union and in Cantered, a large proportion of these last ada. being emigrants from England. Many live remote from any railhead, and Gains of Japanese Methodists from five to fifty miles from the nearest post office, school or church. I N VIEW of the discouraging returns Twenty years ago the Baptists under- on membership from many of the took to evangelize these back blocks, annual conferences, there is encourageand within a few years six or seven ment in the gains reported by the mission centers were created, with Paci:fic Japanese Mission. Small as it is, it made more of a net gain in mem- bership than the California Conference

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

during the past year. The Conference evangel booklets and 20,436 pocket lost about 200 members, while the treasurys, besides Gospels and tracts. Mission gained 221 members. The This literature is sent free to all Mission also gained 366 Sunday-school teachers willing to cooperate with the pupils and its World service offerings Association in its careful distribution advanced from $2,958 to $3,130. There and use. are 3,681 in its Sunday-schools and 1,825 full members in the churches. All scholars who memorize and re- Three years ago there were 17 Japa- cite the Twenty-third Psalm and John nese pastors on the list, and one sec- 3: 14-21 are given a cloth-bound copy ond generation worker. This year 25 of John, and all who read the Gospel pastors, five second generation work- of John and memorize the Bible verses ers, and five special evangelists were printed on a little tract entitled "Four given appointments by the bishop. Of Things that God Wants You to Know," the four young men who were ordained are presented with a copy of the New at the recent session of the Mission, Testament. two are graduates of Boston Univercity School of Theology. This literature is eagerly received, and numerous reports of blessing are Negro Education coming from teachers. Hundreds of boys and girls are memorizing the por- T HERE are in thirty-nine Negro tions suggested. The Association is and sixty-five Northern colleges and endeavoring to reach at least 3,000 of universities a total of 19,253 Negro these mountain schools this fall and students, while from these same insti- winter at an average expense of five tutions there were graduated with de- dollars each. gree's during the last commencement season a total of 2,160 men and wom- Filipino Students Hold Conference en, according to the August numher of The Crisis. These encouraging rev- THE recent Executive Board Conelations are found in an article in that ference of the Filipino Students' issue entitled, "The Year of Educa- Christian Movement in America was tion, 1929," which is the eighteenth held in Upper Montclair, New Jersey, annual report of progress in education September 13-14, with eleven in atamong Negroes. From the thirty-nine tendance. Every member had some- Negro colleges, most of them located thing to say on the topics discussed in the South, there graduated last year and said it with clarity. Subjects dis- 1,776 men and women, and in those cussed included: How can we secure schools there is a total of 16,982 stu- a sufficient number of well qualified dents of college rank. From northern members for Christian leadership? colleges and universities 294 Negroes How can we help to deepen their graduated in 1929 and there is a total Christian convictions so that when of 2,271 Negro students in these they return home they will actively schools. The figures are the result of lend their services to the churches' a nation-wide inquiry made by The work in the Islands? What responsi- Crisis. bilities and opportunities does the F. S. C. M. offer to its members ?-Bul- letin.

Christian Literature for Mountaineers Decade of Cooperation T HE Bible Institute Colportage As- T HE completion of ten years of serv- sociation of Chicago has recently ice by the Home Missions Council mailed large quantities of its Christian of Montana calls attention to one of literature to 700 or more schools in the most promising experiments in cothe mountains of Kentucky, West Vir- operation in home missionary work on ginia and Tennessee. These shipments a state-wide basis. Organized in 1919, consisted of 12,570 copies of the Moody by representatives of the national Colportage Library books, 16,390 home mission boards, it has concen-

trated attention upon securing a more iliary toward the Student Rotary Loan effective distribution of the religious Fund, and this amount is either in forces of the state, the home mission- hand or in outstanding loans to be kept ary superintendents working out a in circulation as repaid. The school comprehensive allocation of territory enrolment for the present semester is in such a way as to provide for the in excess of 50, making a total since effective churching of all areas. In the first of April of the present year general, the principle followed was of over 100.-Presbyterian Banner. that of assigning a territory to the church nearest at hand and already Centennial Celebrated most interested in the field. What has been done in Montana has been a THE First Presbyterian Church of stimulus to cooperative endeavors in Pittsburgh celebrated early in Nomany other areas. – Federal Council vember the one hundredth anniversary Bulletin. of the organization of its first mis- sionary society. An appropriate his- Eager for the Bible torical sermon was preached by the pastor, Dr. Clarence E. Macartney. MR. UNOURA, pastor of the Dis- The first society was organized in 1829 ciples Japanese Church in Los by Jane Craig, Hannah Laughlin and Angeles, is rejoicing in a new oppor- Susan Irwin. A short time later, the tunity which has opened up. A group Western Presbyterian Missionary Soof mothers who gather in a home for ciety was organized; and Harmar regular sewing classes have asked Mr. Denny, for many years a member of Unoura to come and give them a Bible Congress from Pittsburgh and an elder study twice a month as they meet. in the First Church, was president of Several of these are kindergarten the society until it was changed to the mothers and several are Christians, Board of Foreign Missions of the but none of them have any other op- Presbyterian Church. The first misportunity for such study because, like sionaries sent out by the church were most mothers of small children, they former members of the First Presbycannot come to church early. Eleven terian Church. Among them were were present at the first study.- John C. Lowrie, pioneer of Presby- World Call. terian missions in India; Albert O. Johnson, killed at Cawnpore during Sehool Changes Name the Sepoy mutiny in 1857; John Cloud, a martyr in Africa, and Wells T HE Presbyterian Training School Bushnell and Joseph Keer, pioneers in of Chicago has not only a new en- missionary work with the North vironment in its occupancy of the new American Indians. In the First property at 815 Belden Avenue, but it Church were also organized the is now ready to announce a new name. Western Foreign Missionary Societies, By action of the board of directors and the Synod of Pittsburgh, the Board of approved by the Board of Christian Home Missions, Western Theological Education, the name of the school will Seminary and the University of Pittsbe changed to The College of Christian burgh, together with many other re- Education. Three students have gone ligious and philanthropic societies.- from the school during the calendar Presbyterian Banner. year into the foreign field of missions and one more is now in training. Sev- JAPAN eral other students have been placed in strategic positions as directors of Japan Still Resents American Exclureligious education and church secretaries in some of the best churches of sion Act the denomination, while others have been placed in important positions I N VIEW of the impression in Amerwith the Board of National Missions. ica that the Japanese have ceased Approximately $1,500 has been con- to resent the clause in the Selective tributed through the Woman's Aux- Immigration Act passed by the Con- gress of the United States ir. 1924, it

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

is interesting to note that, at the meet- Setting up as our ideal a Christian ing of The Institute of Pacific Rela- social order in which God is recognized tions in Kyoto, Japan, October 28, as Father and humanity is interrelated 1929, a statement read on behalf of as brothers, we firmly believe in the prin- Viscount Shibusawa of Japan declared ciples of love, justice and fraternalism as that "the controversy arising from set forth by Christ. American immigration legislation in 1924 is not closed. The wound so Believing that this can only be realized needlessly inflicted on our national through cooperation and mutual love on honor is still open and will remain the part of individuals and organizations, open until the matter has been rightly we are opposed to every kind of masettled. terialistic education, thought and move- ment. We reject all social reconstruction "I think it necessary to make this based on class struggle and revolutionary plain statement because there seems to methods. We are likewise opposed to rebe an impression in America that the actionary oppression. incident is as good as forgotten in Japan. This erroneous impression is In conformity with these ideals we addoubtless due to our courtesy and vocate the following matters: reticence on this subject in conversing with American visitors." Equal rights and equal opportunities. Nondiscriminatory treatment of na- Kagawa's Pre~ching tions and races. The sanctity of marriage, equal re- SEPTEMBER 1, more than 500,000 sponsibility of both men and women re- people gathered in the Honjo garding chastity and improvement of Square of Tokyo to celebrate the sixth home life. anniversary of the great earthquake. The betterment of the status of wom- The mayor addressed 2,000 people in en in the educational, social, political and the Honjo Public Hall; he spoke ori industrial world. national diligence and perseverance Respect for the personality of the during the years of reconstruction. child, the prohibition of child labor and Other speakers followed, and the crowd the extension of the period of compulsory became extremely bored. However, education. The diffusion of a thorough the moment Mr. Kagawa, the famous vocational education. Christian evangelist, rose to speak, The enactment of a law making Sunthe atmosphere changed, faces bright- day a public rest day (with the expectaened up and everyone became ani- tion that wages will be paid). mated. For nearly an hour he kept The abolishment of the system of pubhis audience spellbound. His message, lic prostitution and the complete regula- "The Spirit of Reconstruction," was a tion of all similar trades. religious one and the proletarian The promotion of national prohibition. crowd in holiday mood had expected The enactment of a minimum wage, something very different, but none the peasants' welfare and social insurance less Kagawa's burning words went Jaws. deep into the heart of his audience. Legislation and equipment promoting The very same evening his preaching public hygiene. at the Industrial Y. M. C. A. of Honjo Government subsidy for the betterbrought over some thirty-four con- ment of housing conditions. verts to Christianity. The encouragement of producers and consumers cooperative associations. Social Creed for Japan The establishment of a suitable agency to attain harmonious relations between THE All-Japan Christian Conference employees and employers. asked the National Christian Coun- The enactment of a reasonable workcil to formulate and issue a social ing day. creed. The Council's committee there- The betterment of home industries and fore drew up the following tentative the improvement of equipment in facdraft: tories. The enactment of a higher progressive tax rate for incomes and inheritances. The realization of a warless world.

-Christian Intelligencer and Mission Field.

Reaching the Lepers THREE young students in the Epis- copal Divinity School in south Japan, too far from home to return there during the Christmas holidays

last year, were asked by Bishop Lea to attendance. The largest enrolment is undertake a missionary journey to the that of Waseda University which, in- island of Tanegashima, where the cluding its higher department, has Japanese Church has mission work. 11,066 students. Nihon University Their special object was to visit the enrolls 9,857, though quite a large lepers. The climate is supposed to be number of these are in the classes of good for sufferers from leprosy, so the night school. Keio University has that the number on this island is 9,187 students and the Imperial Uni- larger than in some other parts of versity 8,434. Conservatively speak- Japan. The island is forty-five miles ing, these schools enroll a total of long and about ten miles wide. The 100,000 stUdents, or about one twenty- three students divided it into sections fifth of the whole population of 2,400,- and went off separately, meeting at 000 in Tokyo.

intervals to compare reports. It is intended to carry out a very They found the lepers living in careful study with regard to plans for miserable little huts, hiding themselves more effectively strengthening the as much as possible. They had spent places where Christian efforts are al- what little money they had on patent ready being made, as well as for enter- medicines, without results. It re- ing those schools where Christian quired much patience and tact on the work has not yet found an opening.

part of the 'students to reach them Twenty-four schools have Y. M. C. A.

with a Christian message, and with organizations where Christian work is the information that new methods of carried on – including Bible classes.

treating the disease hold out some Two others have the beginning of such hope. A clergyman on the island some organization. In ten others, Bible years ago had made arrangements to classes are held with more or less reg- have the lepers visit a doctor on the ularity and success. No others have island, for injections, but through organized Christian work. – World ignorance and fear few have done so. Call.

The doctor himself believes that the Christian message must be delivered Kingdom of God Campaign first, and urged the students to find a A LAYMEN'S Mass Meeting was Christian worker for these sufferers. held in Tokyo, November 6, in connection with the commemoration of The names of the three students the 70th anniversary of the opening were Paul, Barnabas and John. Two of Protestant Missions in Japan. The were from the northern island of Hok- purpose of this meeting was to mobilkaido, and the third came from Brazil.

ize the laity of the church for the Christian Effort for Students Kingdom of God Campaign, to be F OR some time there has been a launched in January, 1930. feeling among Christian workers in The following five Commissions Tokyo that more direct and effective were set up: efforts should be made to reach stu- (a) Commission on General Affairs, dents in the higher schools. A some- to serve as a cabinet, having general what hasty survey revealed that in charge of all matters relating to the Tokyo alone are fifty higher schools- campaign.

that is, schools above the grade of (b) Commission on Evangelism, to high schools, including several uni- help plan local campaigns, select versities. Of these, fifteen are gov- speakers, organize prayer bands, and ernment schools, four are Christian, make suitable plans regarding other three are Buddhist, one is a Shinto matters.

school-the others are private schools. (c) Commission on Publicity, to Twenty-one of these schools enroll each prepare articles for the press and to more than 1,000 students, while eleven make provisions for broadcasting in- others have between 500 and 1,000 in formation regarding the campaign.

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

(d) Commission on Education, to complishing, and the increasing num- plan for follow-up training of in- ber of entries for examination show quirers and those who make decisions, the rapid awakening of the non-Chris- working through local churches. tian people to the advantages acquired (e) Commission on Social Service, from educating their girls. The to make surveys and plans to follow greatest percentage of increase has up these surveys and to deal with such been made by the two largest com- issues as temperance and social purity. munities-the Mohammedans and Hin- -Foreign Missions' Conference Bul- dus. It is interesting to note that letin. Qadian, perhaps the most bigoted Mo- hammedan village in the Punjab, sent Bibles for Ba.ttleships up thirteen girls for examination.

ON AUGUST 17, in San Francisco Not only Christian, but non-Christian Bay, the officers of the Japanese girls, are qualifying in increasing Training Battleships of the Imperial numbers for graduate work, and indi- Japanese Navy, in full regalia, with vidual examples show marked capabil- elaborate ceremony, graciously and ity on the part of Indian women to cordially received from the representa- take special training.-Woman's Mis- tives of the Japanese and American sionary Magazine.

Christian Churches and the American Bible Society a gift of Bibles to their ]doRleD1 Activity fleet. Vice-Admiral Nomura, in re- NEARLY one-third of the Mohamsponse to presentation speeches, said medans of the world are in India. it was a high honor, the Japanese Rev. F. N. Silsbee, in Darkness and officers felt, to have the Bibles pre- Light, says that Islam is the only resented to them, that he had been many ligion seriously bidding with Christimes to America and knew that the tianity for world-wide dominion, and lofty conceptions and high ideals of that India is a center for its missionary the nation were inspired by the Bible, program. It is the most active in the and that they were happy to receive press of any Mohammedan country, this Book and it was their hope and there being 222 periodicals. About prayer that with the ideals of right- 160 of these are in Urdu, fourteen in eousness and justice of this Bible, English, and the others in various peace would ever reign between the vernaculars. Most of these are' more two nations. He further said that he than newspapers and magazines in the hoped their battleships would never ordinary sense, and many of them have make war, but only be a national police the definite objective of disseminating force for righteousness and peace and and defending Islamic doctrines, not a goodwill.-Indian WUness. few of them being bitterly anti-Chris- INDIA tian. The definite watchword is, "The Islamization of All India." At Karachi Compulsory Education for Women a large meeting of one of the societies AN ALL-INDIA Conference on Re- was held at which circulars appealing f t form in the Education of Women for about 2,500,000 rupees for an en- and Girls has been organized, and dowment fund were distributed. The three annual meetings have been held. following is an extract: "Christian One of the main 'objects of these con- missions have been at work in India ferences is to work towards the com- for some centuries. Their organiza- pulsory education of girls. Only one tion is perfect, their funds are enor- out of each two hundred is now in mous, and their methods of work are .school. Another of the aims is to es- effective. Hundreds of different mis- tablish schools for married women. sions, hundreds of institutions and so- The real progress in education can cieties, and thousands of workers con- best be shown by what the Govern- stitute the strength of the Christian mental Education Department is ac- propaganda. Thousands of Moslems

have already fallen a prey to the Chris- given the use of a house without rent tian missionary, and there are yet for the purpose of the school. The greater dangers ahead."-Moody Institute Monthly. school will not only be a place of teach- ing, but will contain a health center A Large Task and model village home. The ladies of the League are particularly anx- THE Lutheran India Mission com- ious to make this institution a center prises a field about as large as Bel- of village activities. They are taking gium, with a population of nearly 5,- care to make everything within it 000,000. In each thousand of this suited to village conditions and withpopulation there are 898 Hindus, 55 in the reach of all village people. The Christians, 44 Mohammedans, and all teacher will also be the health visitor other religions 3. Of each 55 Chris- and general advisor of the village folk. tians, 21 belong to the Lutheran Mis- She will live the life of the people and sion, the others to the missions of the show them by practical example how Baptists, Church of England, and Ro- life in the poorest village can be made man Catholics. Most of the unreached useful, clean and bright.- Woman's population belongs to the so-called Missirmary Magazine. Sudra castes or the middle classes. They are opening their minds and Changing Methods hearts to the· Gospel and some have been baptized, but the Mission is not rDOinRMIEndRiLa Ywthaes main stress of work prepared to meet the Sudra opportu- laid on open-air nity. It does not have enough missionaries, enough Indian workers be- preaching, either in the crowded longing to the Sudra castes, nor enough money to press forword in this bazaars of cities or to smaller groups direction. met with in the villages. While that Then there is the task of the uplift of the Indian villages. One who has form of endeavor has not been abannever seen a typical Indian village does not realize how much they need up- doned, nor, indeed, is likely to be, yet lift. Missionaries must take the lead in the remaking of Indian villages by there is not so much time devoted to cleaning them up, improving their industries, reforming their social life, it as previously. Various causes have elevating the village women and enlarging the horizon of the villagers.- contributed to this end. The limita- Lutheran N eW8 Bulletin. tions of this method have been real- Edueational League of Women ized; it was seen that street preaching 'rHE Women's Educational League of Delhi is a very active and prac- served to reach only a portion of the tical body. It has taken up with great community and left other classes- unzeal the work of uplift among village women. So far, the work of training touched. The enforced reduction of women who seem to be extremely keen has been done by voluntary workers expenditure necessitated the abandonbelonging to many of the leading families of Delhi. The work has now ment of cold weather tours in the disincreased to such an extent that the League is planning to start a regular trict. There have come other devillage school for women and girls in a neighboring village. A well-to-do mands on the missionary's time. Then, Brahmin widow in the village has too, it has been felt that this was a task which the growing Indian Church could well undertake. A change has come over the nature of the preaching.

It is now less controversial and more experimental.

Institutional work can account for much of the diminution of street preaching. Where a man's connection with a school was once regarded as a subsidiary task, it is now regarded as his main job. Greater attention has been given to vocational schools. At Faridpur in Bengal two missions are cooperating in an industrial school, and the number of such schools has in-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

creased. Similar settlements have Government has seemed quite pleased been opened for girls and widows. with the result. As evidence of this, Even in ordinary schools manual the school received a grant of £50 training has been introduced, and car- ($250.00) to cover expenses. After pentering, spinning or weaving form the fall opening of the school, the In- parts of the curriculum in many spector of Education of the Southern schools.-Missionary Herald (Baptist). Sudan came for a thorough inspection AFRICA of the equipment, the schedule and the quality of the work done. In his re- West African Elijah port to the department he was gen- A REMARKABLE figure in the erous in his commendation, and as a Christianizing of Africa is dead. result the school is to receive this This is William Wade Harris, of Li- coming year a grant of £150 ($750.00).

bera, who worked quite independently Out of this fund some 25 boys that of any mission, and as recently as the Government is sending are to be 1925, 20,000 of his converts in the taken care of, and in addition better French Ivory Coast were awaiting equipment can be secur€d. The Govteachers for further instruction. ernment proposed to bring in boys Bibles had been procured, though few from a distance, and since most of could read them, a primitive form of these boys will be sons of chiefs, the Christian worship had been instituted, influence will be magnified. So far no until a Christian community of 40,000 restriction has been placed on reli- gious teaching. The educational inhad grown up.

Harris' early life is obscure. It is spector has worked out a syllabus of known he had worked on ships and study, and in it religious teaching has later at Lagos, where he attended a been given a very definite place.- Wesleyan Church, probably learning to United Presbyterian.

read there. About 1915 he appeared in his turban and white robes, carry- Christia.nity or COlDlDunislD1 ing a light wooden cross, at Axim on ~~A LARGE number of native South the Gold Coast, but he soon turned Africans are becoming com- west into Ivory Coast territory. His munistically minded, they are adopting message was, "Burn your fetiches, money and goods as their ideal; are warship the one Gad. Get Bibles. increasingly feeling that their wrongs Build churches, and one day the mis- are not going to be righted by peace- sionary will come." ful means alone. They have lost faith, It was not until the end of 1926 that or are rapidly losing it, in the Govern- the old man was found by a French ment; they feel that the missionary Methodist missionary, Pasteur Benoit, has betrayed them, or at least stood at Cape Palmas, where he had been silently by while the unscrupulous living practically penniless in a tiny white man has grabbed their land and hut. He was described as still active, driven them to work; they see the though obviously a very old man.- wide discrepancies in wages paid H. W. Peet News Service. white and black workers for the same work; they see the utter cant and Education in the Suda.n hypocrisy in the liquor laws which THE United Presbyterian School in grant to the white man unlimited the Black Sudan opened August, rights and prohibit liquor to the na- 1928, and during the year ending July, tives in towns. All down the line, 1929, 75 boys, 20 yaung men, and 60 especially in the economic field, the girls were enrolled. Notable during native feels that he is being discrim- the year was an experiment with inated against, and unjustly. Rebel- twelve boys sent by the Government. lion and revolt are not natural to the These boys were in school about five native people. They hesitate to join months. They did very well and the formally an organization such as the

Communist Party. But the general York City has 1,765,000. But Amerattitude which the Communists stand ican Jews are gradually forsaking the for is growing and is becoming in- crowded centers and seeking new creasingly vocal." These are the homes in towns and viIIages, and on startling words of Ray E. PhiIIips of the farms. While two-thirds of the the Bantu Men's Social Center, Johan- Jewish population are found in our nesburg. eleven largest cities, the other third is scattered over 9,701 smaller cities, The man in South Africa who has towns, villages and rural communities. taken the time and energy to look Jews today' are found in 1,121 towns carefully into the native economic sit- having a population of less than 5,000. uation with its accompanying social They are living also in 3,943 villages effects, Dr. Henderson, states, "The and in 3,292 unincorporated rural dissituation is anxious, and there are tricts. There are 110,000 Jews on Borne who fear it is passing out of our farms in 40 different states. – The control."-F. M. C. Bulletin. Presbyterian.

Modernizing EI Azbar The Gospel for Jews EL AZHAR, in Cairo, both the oldest T HE Presbyterian Church now has and the largest university in the centers of evangelism for the Jewworld, is to recast its curriculum. The ish people in twelve cities. The Board old university course of EI Azhar, of National Missions is also encourwhich is said'to go back to the time of aging Presbyterian churches to include Muiz, and has been established from Jewish missions in their ministry. time immemorial, was based entirely Many a church has discovered that on the Koran. The theology, the law, Jews, far from being unreachable, are the traditions of Islam formed almost eager to learn about Christianity and the whole of the education given, in to read the New Testament. Some of the senior course, though reading and these churches have twenty or more writing, grammar, algebra and arith- Jews in their membership. It is estimetic were given to the junior stu- mated that some 1,500 Jews are memdents. No independent thinking was bers of Arne ric a n Presbyterian encouraged, or learning of things out- churches. Of these, sixty-one are minside the realm of Islam. But now this isters. Recently a rabbi of unusual is to be changed. The cabinet, under scholarship and ability has been bapthe inspiration of a new rector of the tized and is studying for the ministry. university, Sheikh Meraghi, has Others are professors in colleges, passed a new organic law for its gov- elders, deacons, and t r u s tee s of ernment. There are to be faculties of churches, teachers in Sunday-schools, Moslem theology, of Islamic law, of presidents of missionary societies.- the Arabic language, as of old, but The Presbyterian. these are to be moved by a new spirit; and to them are to be added new Result of Sound Policy courses of modern languages and modern science, adapted to modern condi- THE Church Missionary Society, tions.-The Living Church. which began its work in Africa about 125 years ago, reports a re- GENERAL markable ingathering. After nearly 100 years in the field, the total number Rural Trend of Jews who had embraced Christianity was 60,901. This was in 1900. In 1927 JEWISH population has long been the number had increased to 488,565; concentrated in towns, and chiefly in 1928 to 519,577; in 1929 to 552,640. great cities. Warsaw has 250,000; The ranks of ordained Africans had Budapest, 169,000; Vienna, 149,000; also increased from 84 in 1900 to 257 London, 150,000; Paris, 100,000, in 1928. The Christians in Southern while of the 4,228,029 Jews in America, 3,553,600 live in 68 cities. New

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Nigeria contributed last year nearly let the nations pay their debts as ar- $500,000 to the work. Sixty-seven ranged (if it is for their good) and European workers were supported then, since the United States would from native contributions in 1926, not feel any loss in canceling them, let and 161 in 1929. These African her put what is paid to her into a fund churches have been taught to support for the education of children throughtheir own pastors and teachers. Now out the world. We would be disposed they are beginning to provide even to subtract from the contracted payfor the foreign missionaries in their ment of the debt, any amounts so spent midst.-Alliance Weekly. by the nations themselves. The fund might be placed in the hands of an Race Relations Sunday international committee – or a plan- etary committee of the foremost men T HE eighth annual observance of in the world, the majority of whom "Race Relations Sunday" has been should be United States citizens-to announced for February 9, 1930. This be administered with the purpose, is an occasion which is coming to be first, of giving education to those chilobserved increasingly in the churches dren who suffered most from the for the purpose of emphasizing the wreckage of the World War; second, meaning of the Christian Gospel for of giving the highest possible training the contacts of the races with each to the teachers of all lands."-Presbyother. Last. year in many communi- terian Banner. ties white ministers and Negro ministers exchanged pulpits on this Sun- Hissionary Distributors day, and in some cases church choirs made similar exchanges. The singing T HE Pioneer Mission Agency, with of the "spirituals" served to give many headquarters in Philadelphia, was a new appreciation of Negro music. organized "to learn and publish the need, and forward workers and means A special message for Race Rela- to other organizations for pioneer tions Sunday has been prepared, work." During the past year more stressing the practical application of funds have passed through the Christian principles to concrete inter- Agency's hands than ever before, the racial conditions that confront the amount for missionary work alone bechurches. A folder of suggestions, ing about $11,000. That which was with sections of interest to ministers, designated has been forwarded as re- Sunday-school superintendents, young quested; the money given for pioneer people's societies, women's groups and work was sent to various missions for interracial groups, will be furnished the opening of new fields or for makupon writing to the Federal Council's ing surveys. Nothing is taken for the Commission on the Church and Race upkeep of the office from funds given Relations, 105 East 22d Street, New for field work.-Report. York.-Bulletin.

War Debt Proposal Stockholm Continuation Committee DR. JOHN H. FINLEY, advisory T HE Stockholm Continuation Com- editor of the New York Times, in mittee has now been transformed his final lecture at Edinburgh Univer- into the "<Ecumenical Council for sity on November 1, suggested that Practical Christianity." At its last America should put what is paid to meeting at Eisenach, Germany, in her in war debts into a fund for the September, the Committee approved education of the children of the world. the establishment of a permanent "If Henry Ford is right, that the centre at Geneva. Steps are being United States would not feel any taken towards a closer cooperation serious loss if it cancelled all its for- with various Christian Youth Associaeign debts," he said, "it seems to me tions.-Information Service, World's that at least this course is possible: Committee, Y. M. C. A.

OOI(S WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be jorwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Scripture Calendars. Pickering & Inglis. simple. It is found in the fact that Glasgow. 1929. there was greater diversity in primi- Daily Scripture quotations on pad tive Christianity than has been sup- posed, that there did not exist a single calendars give daily messages to type of church order, but that there brighten and nourish spiritual life and were several types, so that the Episequip for service. Five of these cal- copalian, Presbyterian and Independent endars, on attractive boards with col- can each discover the prototype of the ored pictures, offer a variety of style. system to which he himself adheres. The prices range from 18 to Is 6d. The important bearing of this on the Some of the calendars contain only pending question of mutual recogni- Scripture verses, while others give tion of orders in the movement for quotations from such well-known Brit- organic union will at once be seen. ish and American religious teachers Incidentally, the book gives a clear and as Andrew Bonar, Charles Spurgeon, non-technical introduction to the his- F. B. Meyer, D. L. Moody, Arthur T. tory and literature of the first century Pierson and others. There are also of Christianity. "Golden Grain" Diaries (28. to 78. 6d.) and Almanacs (2d. to Is.) D. L. P.

The Primitive Church, by Canon B. H. A New Commentary on Holy Scripture, in- Streeter. 323 pp. $2.50. The Mae- eluding the Apoerapha. Edited by millan Company. New York. Charles Gore, Henry Leighton Goudge This is a thoughtful and scholarly and Alfred Guillaume. 1,598 pp. $3.50.

The Macmillan Company. New York.

study of early Christianity with spe- This is a notable contribution to the cial reference to the origins of the literature on the Bible and it is arous- Christian ministry. Canon Streeter's ing widespread interest. The editors high reputation leads one to expect a and authors are among the most dis- thorough piece of work, and this book tinguished scholars of this generation does not disappoint the expectation. and they have done their work with It is an important contribution to a skill, painstaking care, and deep rev- subject which is being actively dis- erence for the sacred book which they cussed in America, Great Britain and expound.

the mission field. We all know how Particularly interesting features vigorously each denomination insists are the inclusion of the Apocrapha, that its polity and orders are justified and a series of monographs on various by the New Testament, and the result- topics that the authors deem essential ant controversy as to which of the to the proper understanding of the many conflicting claims is the right Bible. We know of no other recent one. The Episcopalian believes that commentary which contains so much he finds episcopacy, the Presbyterian suggestive material within the covers presbytery, and the Independent, inde- of a single volume. The comments are pendency. But while each party has of course usually brief, but they are argued to its own satisfaction it has remarkably luminous. The three edinot succeeded in satisfying its op- tors have provided the principal part ponents. Canon Streeter believes that of the work, but they have associated the solution of the deadlock is quite with themselves a considerable num- 78 ber of specialists in Great Britain and no': an exhaustive commentary, but a practical an inspiring manual for America so that the volume represents members, as well as teachers of adult classes, and it admirably suited to tlie the concensus of opinion of many em- need of devout Christians, who being themselves deprived of fellowship in inent scholars. an active class, want to follow the study of the international lessons. All of them belong to the High R. C. WILLIAMSON. Church Anglo-Catholic party in the What Do We Mean by God? C. H. Valen- Anglican Communion, and all accept tine. pp. 2·13; $2.00. New York. 1929. what are commonly called "the assured This apologl tic for Christian Theresults of the 'literary criticism' of ism does not draw upon the Scriptures as revelation 01 upon ecclesiastical trathe Bible." These presuppositions col- dition; rather does it dig into human experience on its various levels for or their interpretation of many pas- arguments to support the main thesis, that the least we can mean by God sages, and readers who do not concur must be such a conception as can run the gauntlet of modern science, philin the presuppositions will naturally osophy, and religion. "The minimum essentials for the God of religion are not concur in the interpretations. two. As against psychology, we must claim for God the nature of Ultimate Doubtless no human beings could tra- Reality; as against philosophy, we must claim for God the nature of reverse so vast a field as the whole Bi- sponsiveness." Tracing responsive- ness from the lowest levels of life in ble in a way that would be satisfactory plant and animal to awakening per- sonality in man, the author concludes to everyone. Certainly this reviewer that it is conditioned in each stage by the character of the stimulating obdoes not concur in some of the opin- ject. In animals with clearest traces of intelligence, there are closest apiuns expressed. But we gladly recog- proaches to personality only when un- der the constant stimulation of human nize the fine. Christian spirit of the discipline or training, while man, al- ready arrived at the stage of personeditors, and the unwisdom of ignoring ality, depends upon responsiveness in other persons for his progressive exthe views of such influential scholars perience. If mind and personality in man be allowed any place in ultimate who undoubtedly represent a large reality, a quality of responsiveness in the ultimate of science or the absolute constituency. They evidently do not of philosophy is demanded by highest probability as conditioning the remean to be iconoclastic for they say sponsiveness of human personality. God cannot be less than personal as the that they object to "a great deal of character of the system and unity of the ultimate. He may be much more modern biblical criticism which is in- than personality, He cannot be less than responsive in the sense in which spired by a spirit so obviously hostile that term characterizes human beings.

to the Christian faith as to leave no room for real appreciation of its books"; and they declare that "it is not this sort of criticism which read- ers will find in this commentary." It is gratifying to note too that the edi- tors avow their firm belief in the mir- acles of the New Testament, the virgin birth, bodily resurrection and deity of our Lord. A. J. B.

The Lesson Round Table-l930. Richard D. Dodge, Editor. 359 pp., 12 mo., Nashville, Tenn. 1929.

This is a pocket size teacher's manual on the 1930 International Uniform Lessons upon the plan of having each lesson discussed by a different leader among the outstanding ministers, educators and other Christian workers. Joseph Fort Newton, Wm. L. Stidger, Francis J. McConnell, James I. Vance, G. Walter Fiske, Frederick Lynch, Wm. H. Leach, Burris Jenkins, and other notable leaders teach the lesson. Moffatt's Translation is used. It is

In three main divisions, the author ness Life; Entrance and Conquest; deals with the questions, "the reality Early Life in Canaan; the United of the object of religious experience," Kingdom; the Divided Kingdom, and "the responsive subject of Christian the Downward Course.

experience," and "the responsive ob- One excellent feature about these ject of Christian ex·perience." It is a studies is that the great essentials of highly profitable study for all who are faith and life are emphasized and constantly seeking clearer "reason for made clear. They lead the reader to the hope that is in them." a higher regard for the Scriptures and R. C. WILLIAMSON. leave one eager to see the remaining three volumes. HARLAN P. BEACH. Pass on the Torch. Allen Eastman Cross.

104 pp. $1.00. Boston. 1929. The Epistle to the Romans-A Commen- A delightful book of hymns, lyrics tary. H. C. Moule. 437 pp. 5s and free verse by a modern poet. The London. 1928.

poems are all quotable and full of a This book is a new edition of an spirit sensitive to beauty and to God. old work which was so valuable as a A beautiful one is entitled "Into the devotional exposition of the Epistle, Mountain"-Luke 6: 12. that it was thought worth while to The mountain looming in the dark bring it out again. All who know the Is not more strong and still writings of Bishop Moule will recall his "Faith," "The High Priestly Than is thy waiting soul, at prayer Prayer," "From Sunday to Sunday," Upon the conscious hill. and will recognize the luminous char- The waters, dreaming of the stars, acter of the work done by this devout Are not more free and clear and scholarly spirit. There is no in- tellectual debating over minutia. In- Than is thy open heart to Him, stead there is a rich unfolding of Who breathes above thee here. Evangelical Faith. If there were more Spirit who prayest when we pray, pastors studying Commentaries of this Draw thou our souls apart; sort, the sermons they produce would Into the mountain which is God be richer in Biblical content, deeper Bring every wondering heart. in their understanding of life, and "The llook to Know." congregations would not go away from "The Book to Know" is not a large services unfed. JAMES F. RIGGS.

book, but into it is packed a surpris- Power From on High. By John Greenfield.

ingly large number of seed thoughts. Pamphlet. 35<:. Warsaw, Indiana.

Dr. McConaughy learned years ago, The story of the Moravian revival as Bible teacher at Mount Hermon of 1727 which resulted in the conver- School, how to awaken the thoughtful sion of John and Charles Wesley, is mind of youth; here he both stirs and accompanied by a strong appeal for directs the interest of all who would prayer for a new revival. The pambetter know their Bibles. This vol- phlet contains many interesting facts ume is first in a series of four and and has a stimulating spiritual mestakes up "Genesis to Kings: God in sage. Israel," that section which is most D. L. P.

abused and all too little used. Critics A Modern Pilgrim's Progress. Rev. DeWitt will find in this volume that a man Lincoln Pelton, D.D. 136 pp. $1.50. can be thoroughly modern in his New York. 1928.

knowledge and viewpoint and yet be These twelve practical addresses, true to the record in those earlier based on Bunyon's "Pilgrim's Prog- Scriptures. The chapters relate to the ress," deal with the progress of a pres- Book of Beginnings; the Book of De- ent-day Christian. They are inspiring.

liverance; the Books of the Wilder- M. T. SHELFORD.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1929

A P AGANI ZED AFRICAN W'OMAN AT " HOME"-IGNORANT AND

THE MISSIONARY ._.

REVIEW OF THE WORLD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS-November, 1929 LET YOUR GIFT to Foreign Missions Page ~'RONTISPIECE-Heathenlzed and Mod- PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME ernized African Womanhood You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- HUlIlE O~' AHMEDNAGAR ………•• sions and have a needed income for yourself and others from the money you give by the · •.•••••.•••.••…•• ALDEN H. CLARK 821 MAKING MEN AS WELL AS LUMBER- Annuity Gift Plan MEN ….•..•.. FRED H. RINDGEJ JR. 828 This plan reHeves you of uncertainty and IN MONGOLIA BEYOND THE OUT- worry caused by changing values of invested funds and assures you a fixed income of POSTS OF CHRISTIANITY .••••••• • ••..•••••••••••. GEORGE W. HUNTER 832 4t% to 9% per year RELIGIOUS REIGN OF TERROR IN RUSSIA …….••• PAUL HUTCHINSON 835 for the rest of your life RUSSIAN VIEW OF EVANGELISM IN RUSSIA …………………….. 839 A reserve fund of over $1,500,000 guarantees WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM KOREA? the prompt payment of annuities to you. · •..•..••..•…•.••. H. KERR TAYLOR 843 THE MODERNIZED AFRICAN WOMAN Protect yourself against Joss through unwise investments and at the same time • ••••••••••. MRS. J.OHN M. SPRINGER 846 help send the gosDel to all the world.

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MENNONITE WORK IN ARGENTINA BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. K. HERSHEY 852 of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

156 Filth Aveaue, New York TOPICS O~' THE TIMES …………. 854 The Bible To-day Dr. Matt's Missionary Projects The Ca.mpaign in Japan a cheer-bringer,an informer,an instructor Ll. Fo.rwOJrd Movement in Ohina —in a word–ca concise and thoroughly Youth Mo'vements in Europe evangelical, up-to-the-minute magazine , Unrest in Pa~e8tine that has as its readers and subscribers Church Union in Scotland those who wish to keep abreast of the times and in touch with strong and able ~I~:~~?'kt:~! ~O~~:'R:. i: J;'ii~so'; 859 moulders of Christian thoughts and lives, leaders in the evangelistic world to-day. WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS- SION BULLETIN ……………•.. 869 DON O. SHELTON, LL.D. Editor WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK ……….•• 877 The Missionary Review of the World, $2.50 BOOKS WORTH READING ……•.•• 893 BOTH $2.75 TEUMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBr.ISHING COl{w PANY, INC. All rights reserved THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING The Bible To-day $1.00 COMPANY, INC. SAVE 75c.

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LII, No. 11 November

THE MISSIONARY NIEW7te HUME OF AHMEDNAGAR BY REV. ALDEN H. CLARK, D.D., Ahmednagar, India, Principa.Z oj the Union Theological Colleuc~ Ahmcdn(Juar T OWARD the end of June the of the Kingdom of God and man, leading citizens of Ahmed- at home in the world." nagar, of every class and The record of his childhood takes creed, gathered to pay honor to us back to the pioneer years of misthe memory of Robert Allen Hume, sionary privation and heroic sacrinews of whose death in Boston, on fice. His father was of staunch June 24th had been cabled to India. Scottish ancestry and a man of The chief British official of the dis- scholarship and ability. His mother trict presided and addresses of ap- was aNew England Puritan of preciation were made by the culture and deep devotion. They leading Mohammedan, Parsi and volunteered for foreign missionary Hindu of the city. Dr. Hume had service in 1839 and sailed for Bombeen retired from Ahmednagar for bay in a two-masted brig, going some years but at this commemo- around the Cape of Good Hope and rative service his fellow citizens taking five months for the journey. gave striking expression to their The quality of Mrs. Hume's mis- appreciation of his life and service sionary spirit was indicated by the among them. fact that on the journey she was Dr. Hume was fond of calling the means of converting the Afhimself, "A Scotch-American-Indi- rican cook and she brought great an." He explained: "My forbears pleasure to the Sultan of Zanzibar were Scottish. I am an American by demonstrating the use of a piano citizen. I am a son of the Orient, that had just come to him as a gift born in India. Really I am a citizen from Queen Victoria.

of the Kingdom of God and of man, After fifteen years of fruitful at home in the world." Consulted and many-sided missionary service, and trusted by a succession of Mr. Hume was attacked by tropical Governors, the friend of eminent dysentery and was ordered by his Indian statesman and social re- physician to try a change to the formers, a leader among mission- cooler climate of South Africa, so aries, a devoted servant of the Mrs. Hume, with their seven small Indian church and well-known and children, of whom Robert was the influential in wide circles in Amer- eldest, embarked on a small sailing ica, Dr. Hume was indeed "a citizen vessel, Mr. Hume being carried on 821

a stretcher. The voyage was genious methods and exerting a stormy, the cabin small and stuffy. strong influence over his fellows, All were sick. Robert had a severe while at the same time, he showed convulsion. The father grew worse unusual ability in his academic and finally died. Amidst the weep- work. Mrs. Hume had moved the ing of the children the body of their home to New Haven to facilitate father was committed to the Indian the higher education of the chil- Ocean. Something of the quality dren. After graduating with dis- of the faith that Dr. Hume was to tinction from Yale, Robert Hume show through his life was then re- spent some time in teaching. His vealed when the little boy, feeling mother had, from his childhood, his responsibility as the oldest, said dedicated him to missionary serv- to his mother "All right, mother. ice and he, after a time when he God and I will take care of you." was allured by the prospects in the Weeks afterward, the widow and realm of law and politics, had her seven little children landed in wholeheartedly decided to go out to Boston and a prosperous uncle of- the work in which his father had fered to adopt Robert as his heir, laid down his life. His younger but Mrs. Hume decided to keep the brother, Edward, had made a simi- family together and they settled lar decision, but they had deter- down to a life of poverty and mined not to leave America without struggle in Springfield, Massa- making provision for the beloved chusetts. Often did Dr. Hume in mother to whom they owed so later years express his gratitude much. By 1874 they had saved to his mother because, instead of enough from their salaries as allowing him to be brought up in teachers to buy their mother a ease, she trained him in industry, home in New Haven. Robert mar- economy, mutual helpfulness and ried a daughter of the Marathi Mis- profound Godliness. One of the sion, and set sail for India, thus ways in which Robert helped was beginning what was to be over half by delivering copies of the Spring- a century of service so rich, so field Republican to subscribers. varied, so dominated by the spirit This meant getting up between of Christ as to place him high in four and five o'clock in the morn- the list of the great Christians of ing. In the winter his coat would his day.

sometimes freeze stiff upon his :Beginning Work in India body; and when there was a storm it would stand alone upright Immediately on landing in Bom- on the kitchen floor, on his return bay they were sent to Ahmed- home. Robert would not only be nagar, a city of some significance the first boy to report for duty, he in the history of India. It is the would have the cheeriest word for administrative headquarters for a all and the heartiest laugh at any district of three quarters of a mil- joke and because of his fitness he lion people and a military center of was soon made the foreman of all importance. This means that many the paper boys. civil officials and military officers As he went on into higher educa- live here and that the city has a tion he showed the same qualities considerable group of Indians of of enterprise and responsibility, education and of prominence in earning his way by various in- politics and business. However it

HUME OF AHMEDNAGAR

was not this fact that gave Ahmed- treated him as a member of their nagar its importance as a mission- family, giving him the sympathy ary center. It was rather that in and support that were of vital imthe city and surrounding villages portance to him in that crisis. Mr. Christianity had early met with a Tilak became a teacher in the greater response than it had found Theological Seminary and turned elsewhere in western India. A to Dr. Hume for advice and help in group of noteworthy missionaries every important situation. Much and Indian Christians had given of the remarkable effectiveness of leadership of high quality to the this great Christian poet was no Christian movement. Ahmednagar doubt due to the wisdom and symalready gave promise of being the center of training for Christian ROBERT ALLEN HUME service that it soon became. On reaching Ahmednagar Dr. Hume pathy of his equally great Christhrew himself into the life of the tian friend. What was true of Tilak church, began evangelistic work was also true of many other Inand cooperated in the organization dians, whether students of Dr. of a greatly needed theological Hume's or not. To all he extended seminary. One element in the a sympathy and an unstinted helpsignificance of Dr. Hume's mis- fulness. He was preeminently a sionary service is its continuity. friend, advisor and inspirer of any- For over fifty years Ahmednagar one who he could aid and counted was his base. He became "Hume no expenditure of time or effort of Ahmednagar" to the Christian for the sake of an Indian brother world. as too great.

During all his years of mission- Soon after arriving in Ahmedary service Dr. Hume gave much nagar Dr. Hume was asked to take time to the training of Chris- charge of Christian work in the tian leaders. He looked upon that work, as, on the whole, the most rewarding of his career. Over two hundred Indian ministers and evangelists were trained in the seminary under his inspIrmg leadership. Many of them went out to serve in positions of great responsibility in almost every church in Western India. Dr. Hume followed the careers of these men with affection and they, in turn, continued to look up to him for sympathy and advice. Among the most notable students of the Seminary was the late Narayan Waman Tilak, the famous Marathi Christian poet. He came to Dr. Hume immediately after his baptism. His own family for a time disowned him and Dr. and Mrs. Hume

Parner District, an area contain- church life of Ahmednagar. Sev- ing some seventy-five villages. eral times, when it was pastorless Christian development in this area he acted as pastor of the large had barely begun. There was one First Church. His greatest visible pastorless church, with eleven monument is the beautiful church members. Dr. Hume threw himself edifice, seating 1,300 people, which into this work with all his remark- was built under the stimulus of his able energy and ability to find fresh leadership. The congregation had ways of approach to the hearts and far outgrown the old building. The lives of the people. Schools sprang crowding, added to the inadequacy up. Friendships with all classes of the structure, made difficult the were established. People began to development of the spirit of wor- come out as Christians in con- ship. To the task of furnishing a siderable numbers. In his forty more fitting center of Christian years of connection with this dis- worship for the city Dr. Hume ad- trict Dr. Hume saw about a thou- dressed himself. The great new sand men and women brought into building is in the very heart of the church fellowship; he gave pri- city. Its special feature is a beauti- mary education to some thousands ful dome, symbol of the unity of of villagers, the best of whom were God. The whole is designed to give sent on into high schools and nor- to the Indian church a place of mal schools and are now found in Christian worship which is in har- positions of usefulness in many mony with the best things of her parts of India. He left behind him own past. As this prophetic build- a corps of Christian workers, a ing was being built Dr. Hume went group of churches and eighteen daily to look over the work with substantial buildings for Christian painstaking care. Standing amid work. A distinctive feature of this the piles of material he would pray district work was the way in which that this great undertaking might Dr. Hutne linked up individual be blessed of God to the develop- workers and churches in India with ment of a spirit of true Christian individual Christians and church worship and service. It is a most groups In America, thus making it appropriate decision of the Indian a very effective means for spread- church, made since the news of Dr.

ing inter-racial understanding and Hume's death was received, that sympathy. this beautiful building should be For many years Dr. Hume co- named the Robert Hume Memorial operated with the churches of Church.

Ahmednagar in Christian work. A Friend to All Village Christians drifted into the city in large numbers and he and Dr. Hume did not confine his in- his devoted wife concerned them- terestin Ahmednagar to the Chris- selves in many kinds of effort for tian community. He was the friend them as well as for those of the of all. . He served for some years older Ahmednagar community. on the Municipal Council. His pub- One of his last projects for the lic spirit received unprecedented good of the community was a hous- recognition when he was elected by ing scheme which he carried his fellow citizens as one of their through successfully. Dr. Hume representatives to the Indian Na- took especial interest in the actual tional Congress. In the meetings

HUME OF AHMEDNAGAR

'['lIE ROBERT A. HUME MEMORIAL CHURCH A'l' AIIMEDNAGAlt of the Congress he came into touch relief work for people without diswith able leaders from all parts of tinction of caste or creed, under India, many of whom became his the general direction of three difwarm personal friends. He would ferent committees. The total make a point of delivering a lecture amount of aid thus distributed was in the city where the Congress met almost two million dollars and the and he would print and distribute work was done so efficiently and to all Congress members and their wisely as to call forth a chorus of friends a prayer appropriate to the approval. This famine work left occasion. Those who had opportu- Marathi Mission a legacy of about nity to observe it wondered at the 3,000 famine orphans to be cared influence of Dr. Hume over Indian for and trained for useful citizenleaders from every part of that ship. To accomplish this Dr. Hume, great land. on his own responsibility, called to India two American experts, an A community service of Dr. agriculturalist and an industrial Hume's which attracted wide- engineer. Both of these men came spread interest was his remarkable to be recognized by the Governwork during the famines which ment as leading experts in their swept over wide areas in India own lines. It was especially in from 1897 to 1900. He was the recognition of his services in famprincipal administrator of famine

ine days that Queen Victoria later life was that for actual church conferred upon Dr. Hume the union. It was largely due to his Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal for public untiring effort that the United service in India. Church of Northern India, bring- Dr. Hume's creative mind was ing together about 200,000 Chris- bound to express itself not only in tians from a wide area and from such activities as we have here de- many varying backgrounds, was scribed but also in writing. For formed. It was natural that he a considerable period he was the should be chosen the first Modera- English editor of our Christian tor of the General Assembly of weekly, the Dnyanodaya. He wrote this United Church. Even after many leaflets which were so clear, his retirement and in spite of so simple, and so full of Christian physical handicaps he took the spirit that they were the means of journey from America to Lau- spreading the most vital Christian sanne as the representative of the truths among the educated classes United Church of Northern India of India. Dr. Hume was in the to the World Conference on Faith habit of sending these leaflets to and Order.

a long mailing list of Indian and This brief recital gives no ade- American leaders, often address- quate impression of Dr. Hume's ing them with his own hand. Dur- vital personality. There was some- ing his furloughs in America he thing in him that drew the affec- was asked to deliver courses of tion of those who came in contact lectures. These he prepared with with him. British officials, Indian great care, and published in two political leaders, churchmen in books that have had wide influence America, and humble Christian uIlder the titles "Missions from the converts in his district, all looked Modern View" and "An Inter- to Dr. Hume with deep affection.

pretation of India's Religious Why? Because he gave himself to History." them with equal warmth of friend- One more aspect of Dr. Hume's ship. "Comeraderie" was a word many-sided service deserves espe- he often used and to which his own cial notice-his part in the inter- attitude gave rich meaning. One denominational movements. He time he said to me, "So far as I threw himself with enthusiasm in- know myself I have nothing in my to everything that tended to bring heart but good will for everyone."

Christians together. He saw in I believe that this statement was the Christian Endeavor movement true. It was all the more note- when it first came to India some- worthy because Dr. Hume had thing that could help to develop those who criticised and opposed Indian initiative and interdenomi- him. Such a dominating person- national effort and gave it warm ality as his was bound to excite support, becoming for a time its some strong antagonisms. Yet no president. He was a prominent matter how vehemently anyone figure in all the earlier coopera- might attack him, Dr. Hume al- tive efforts among missions and ways remained his friend. He was one of the first presidents of was too large-spirited to cherish the Bombay Christian Council. But grudges.

the effort that called forth the From a record of his accomplish- most enthusias~ic service of his ments one can gain an idea of his

HUME OF AHMEDNAGAR

great efficiency, but one cannot Governor of Bengal, he said to gain an idea of the delightful him "Your Excellency, the finest humor that gave poise and balance code of statesmanship ever written, to it all. At one time Dr. Hume was which I commend to you in your called to testify before the Mon- dealing with the people of India, is tague-Chelmsford Commission that found in the thirteenth chapter of was gathering evidence prelimi- St. Paul's first epistle to the Corin- nary to the preparation of their thians." Dr. Hume impressed the plan of Reform of the Government leading officials as so deeply re- of India. As he came into the room ligious a man that they listened he saw that their minds were jaded with respect to such testimony as by the bewildering array of con- this. His preaching and his literary flicting testimony that was being work had the same prophetic quali- presented to them and he had the ty. It came out of the immediacy happy inspiration to make a joke. and vitality of his own religious Immediately the atmosphere was experience and so helped the reader changed and the minds of the com- or hearer to enter into a similar mission were prepared for his own experience.

statement. Once Dr. Hume went Growing out of his faith was his directly from the boat by which he victorious attitude toward life.

had arrived in Boston for furlough Death had no fear for him. It was to a training conference for out- but a doorway into a fuller life.

going missionaries. He stood Difficulties and discouragements among these young missionaries, a he accepted calmly and sought to short figure, in homely garb, and, turn them to account in bringing as he looked around his eyes began in the Kingdom of God. He was to twinkle and he said, "Friends, always ready to make great sac- its great to be a foreign mission- rifices in his single-minded de- ary." Then he went on to show in votion to Christ, yet one always simple fashion why he thought it had the impression that he made great. The outgoing missionaries light of sacrifices. They were will doubtless forget much of the merely an accepted part of a rich wise counsel they were receiving and happy life of service. Like in that conference. They will never Paul he counted them but refuse, forget the contagious enthusiasm since to him they were means of and the very human fellowship of closer fellowship with Christ. His Dr. Hume's talk. wife and his seven children en- A Source of Power tered to the full into his spirit. Five of his children have been mis- The deepest source of Dr. sionaries to India.

Hume's power lay in his sponta- Dr. Hume died in the Corey Hill neous and all pervading fellowship Hospital, Brookline, Mass., on with his Divine Father and his June 24, 1929 at the age of eighty- discipleship to Jesus Christ, the two. Following his strongly ex- Master of his life. Seldom did any- pressed wish his body was cre- one leave his study without having mated, and his ashes were taken in Dr. Hume offer a brief, simple, but an urn by his brother-in-law, Dr.

very real prayer. When Dr. Hume Edward Fairbank, to be deposited called on Lord Lytton, the then in Ahmednagar.

MEN AS WELL AS

BY FRED HAMILTON RINDGE, JR.'

" S FAR back as 1884 several classes, writing paper, athletic £'l. selected men were sent out goods and plenty of good cheer and by the Y. M. C. A. to serve uplifting influences were carried the Wisconsin lumberjacks. One far and wide. When this service of these hardy pioneers wrote the was at its height, the "Y" secre- following in his diary; taries traveled 50,000 miles in a Yesterday we walked eighteen miles single month visiting the camps, through the snow, and held a meeting and a total of 147,000 men particifor the boys in the evening. The roads were poor and our packs heavy. But the pated in the regular activities. All work is important and must be done. this resulted in better morale, hap- Two of our men joined the train bring- pier relationships and a larger outing the boys to town after pay day, put. Thus from small beginnings warned them about those who would rob them of money and character, and in- have come great accomplishments, vited them to make use of the "Y" room in the city. and the end is not yet!

In 1887 one worker had person- Y. M. C. A. service in the ally visited 156 camps in the Mid- lumber industry includes taking dle West and service had been or- the regular fivefold program of the ganized in Pennsylvania. These Association into the logging camps were small beginnings, with no and saw-mill towns. This program equipment except what the men carried on their backs. Since then, is adapted in different ways to local the "Y" work among lumberjacks conditions, and the work is always has made giant strides in Maine, supported by both employer and Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, employee, thus making it really mutual and democratic. Many Washington, Oregon and other forms of worth-while service are States. Scores of fine buildings promoted and even character-buildhave been established in towns and ing meetings are heartily enjoyed camps and hundreds of other by the lumbermen.

points have been served through The Secretary must be a real "extension work" from organized man. In one instance where log- Associations, or through State and gers were suspicious of a new Sec- International Secretaries. retary, the boxing gloves were DUring the war, the "Y" served brought out after supper, and the in over 200 camps on the Pacific "Y" man gamely took his turn and Coast where "soldier-loggers" were landed many a good blow. Then he getting out the spruce for Ameri- produced his cornet, played a few ca's aeroplanes. Secretaries were tunes, and asked the men to request stationed at strategic centers, and their favorite pieces. After a from there set out by auto truck hearty sing, the Secretary an- or on horseback to reach even the nounced that it was Sunday night most isolated camps. Movies, mag- and as the "Y" had a program for azines, entertainments, educational every day in the week, there would '" This article was sent to the REV1EW be a religious meeting. The "boys" shortly before his deuth folluwillg an operation in Septcmber.-EDITOR. readily responded and he gave a 828 short, straight-from -the-shoulder for a week. But a real "Y" man talk. adroitly organizes a Celebration Committee, and helps plan tugs-of- One day there came a sudden war, a parade, horse races, boxing call for help from the woods. The matches, open-air "concerts," ob- Secretary grabbed his stretcher stacle races, pie-eating contests, and with the "speeder," hurried etc., with the result that not only out to where the men were work· do the loggers remain in camp during. A big burly fellow had ing the holiday period, but when broken his leg. The "Y" man the whistle blows next day, every quickly bound it up with splints, worker is in his place with clear and with the help of another logger head and steady nerves. A lumber got the man back to camp on the manager recently said: "If the Secstretcher and later to the hospital. retary did nothing but that, it The injured man had been one of LOGGING MEN ENJOYING THE Y. 111. C. A. AT CAMP HUGH, ALABAMA the toughest in the bunch and had would be worth all the work costs. given all kinds of annoyance by Since the "Y" started in my camp, his deviltry. Some weeks later, as the average term of service of our he left the hospital, the logger loggers has increased several grasped the Secretary's hand with months!" a new resolve and said, "Things are going to be different when I Living conditions have been imget back to camp. I am for you!" proved in many places because of And things tvere different! the "Y" program. In one isolated camp the Secretary initiated a Logging camps are generally movement to build a new school. compelled to close down while the The funds were subscribed and men celebrate the Fourth of July much of the labor performed by and other holidays. On such days the men voluntarily after working the lumberjacks frequently "blow hours. This building was also used in" all their savings at one full for a Sunday-school and church, swoop and do not get back to work and was a great influence for good

among families of the community. shipyards. The Secretaries are Another service provided by the close to the men as is illustrated by Association and greatly appreciated by the men, was a dust-proof this letter from one of them: locker room with clothes hangers, where their best clothes could be The longer I follow this work, the kept in good condition until more firmly I become convinced that the needed. A Western Secretary welfare of the industrial man, whether physical, mental, social, spiritual, or ecowrites: nomic, must be sought through the me- dium of his family. If the workman In the past four days we have visited possesses a happy home life and does isolated camps twenty-five miles from not have the worry of domestic affairs a railroad. During our entertainments constantly facing him, he becomes a more I have seen men almost hysterical with effective worker. No amount of oratory relief from pent-up emotions and have and fine sentiment of the pulpit will let them laugh until they have laughed bring shipyard workers into the pews. it all out. And they have cried once in No high salaried officials sitting in cena while, too, hut care and worry and tral offices waiting to be interviewed will loneliness have faded. be of any great aid in this field. It is direct personal contact, not only with In one camp I met a lumberjack the worker himself, but with his entire who had not been home in twenty family that counts! The average man years. What does a fully equipped is floundering about aimlessly. Our job Young Men's Christian Associa- is to give him hope, purpose and hign tion and' a real, red-blooded, ideals. friendly Secretary mean to a man like that? "That 'Y' man is the Secretaries have spent many 'haulback' for all of us," exclaimed one fellow. Often, in spite of the hours in counsel and consultation company's best efforts, the down- with employers of labor, social pulling forces in the logging camps workers, labor organization offiare many and strong, while restraining influences are relatively cials, and with individual indus- few. One lad who came of good trial workers in an endeavor to get family was cursed with a weak will and low ideals. The strong the "feel" of relations and the cable of evil influences had landed him on the steep slide that plunges mental attitude of all classes. so many into the inferno of lost manhood. Profane of speech, im- There are times of discouragement, pure in thought and act, a poker fiend–he was going strong. It but all testify that the work is detold on his work and he was continually changing jobs. The Sec- cidedly worth while. One "Y"

retary helped switch him on to the man says: right track. When he came to himself the boy said: "Since coming After nearly a year of service in Close here many a hand has been contact and fellowship with thousands stretched out to pull me down, but of men daily, in the mill, in their homes, you alone have helped me to my in society, in sorrow and distress, in sickfeet again." ness and death, I have felt the heart throb of these people. I know their In addition to work in lumber thoughts, their habits, their desires, towns and camps, the "Y" has been their ambitions, their hopes and fears, rendering splendid service in the and after weighing all conditions, I am convinced that the most appreciative bunch of men in the world is this group that work, swear, and smile in my lumber town.

When a logging camp has acci- dents and law suits, and reports show that the operation is costing more than necessary, it is often due to lack of efficiency in the or- ganization. To secure maximum results, the enticements found in many camps must be eliminated.

If a man is employed in a saw-mill

THE PRICELESS BEQUEST

town or logging camp in which or- towns of 25,000. The work has der, sanitation, helpful amusement, succeeded with foreigners, Mexisociability and intelligence are un- cans and colored workers as well known, his standard of service as with native Americans. It has cannot rise above a thoughtless, made good with men of all reliirresponsible and correspondingly gions and of no religion. It has inefficient plane. Many loggers commanded the respect of both move from place to place, from no employer and employee and is still other cause than sheer mvnotony. going strong.

Most camps afford meagre op- One secret of the success of the portunity for the right use of lei- Association has been its non-patersure time, and yet, there are few nalistic basis and its unselfish places where more time is avail- Christian purpose. It does not take able. Already many employers are long for the men to discover that it cognizant of this, and are provid- is their organization. They help ing ways to improve the leisure support it, they run its activities, they reap the benefits. Needless to life and happiness of those who say the work of the "Y" by increaswork for them. ing education and improving char- acter, makes for both happiness A new era is upon us in the and efficiency. This means making world of industry, and the lumber better men as well as better luminterests will not be found lagging bermen. But the best results of behind. During the past decade, all, and the only work that abides, the agency that has made one of is when the men are led to know the largest and most successful Jesus Christ as their Friend and contributions in this field has been Saviour and to follow Him as their the Y. M. C. A. Specially adapted Divine Master. buildings have been established in camps of 250 men as well as in THE PRICELESS BEQUEST T HE Rev. William S. Marquis, of infinitely more value than any houses, D.D., who went to his Heav- lands or bonds I hereby devise or be- _enly home in August, left a queath to them. characteristically Christian "Last Will and Testament" by which he "Furthermore, I desire to testify in bequeathed to his children, with this formal document, when a man his earthly goods, a testimony "to weighs his whole life in the balance, to the truth and preciousness of the my joy in the service of Jesus Christ, Gospel of Jesus Christ." as a preacher of the Gospel and pastor, and also as a promoter of his great The will began with bequests of world-wide missionary enterprises repmaterial things and continued: resented by the benevolence boards of the church. "I desire also to bequeath to my children and their families, my testimony to "I do not need to remind my children the truth and preciousness of the Gospel how heartily their beloved mother joined of Jesus Christ. This heritage of the in all this service. We gave our lives to Christian faith, re~ived in an unbroken it. We systematically set apart more line from exiled and persecuted Hugue- than the tithe of our income to it. This not and Scots Covenanter ancestors, is was the highest joy of our wedded life. The service of Christ and His church made us partners of Christ and world citizens."

AND MONGOLS IN

.~·-Z- U'~'-G-~- R,';':-'- – 'L~.,_. /n DES E RT tf-;~;;-·- – – – -'- :…..-.-._.__ _ AKUl'……•……….r. – . – Q~'''''' Ro"t&ta..en _ _ Other rQads _ _ '.( Ft •__ •___._._ .1""'1""'" –'1'0 wmel ~oad5 ••• _" __ PI",es where we c~mJled n Camp S IN KIAN G , ZUNGARIA r,,.,*,.,,, ,/ I G.W.HUNTER SINI'IIANG IN MONGOLIA BEYOND THE OUTPOSTS OF CHRISTIANITY A STORY FROM THE DIARY OF REV. GEORGE W. HUNTER T IHWA-FU, the extreme out- stream of eastward migration car- post of the China Inland Mis- ried Mohammedanism into India. sion, lies in Sin-Kiang, a land These Moslem inhabitants still which is not properly in China at speak a language closely akin to all, and which in its mixture of Turkish, and have, by their reliraces, languages, and religions gious observances, somewhat modirivals the European Balkans. Once fied the Lamaism which prevails this district furnished the left over most of Mongolia. Another wing of Ghenhi Khan's conquering Moslem tribe in the district are the army, but other races have now Quazaqs, a strange race who may crowded in so that the Mongois are be related to the Tartar strain no longer in the majority. . underlying the Cossacks of Russia.

Many of these people in Tihwa- More recent settlers on this fu, and across the neighboring southwestern border of Mongolia Mongolian boundary, are Turgots are the Chinese, who came in after (or Turkis) who drifted in as a the Manchu empire finally consort of backwater when the great quered the district, and Russians 832

IN MONGOLIA BEYOND THE OUTPOSTS OF CHRISTIANITY

who have an eye on the undevel- of his robe, he pulled out a welloped mineral resources of the thumbed Kalmuk Gospel. region. He had bought it four or five Through a missionary career of years before from another Monmore than thirty years, George W. gol, and he carried it with him Hunter, a missionary of the China wherever he went, even when he Island Mission, has watched and was several days' journey away studied these peoples of various from home. races. The Quazaqs and Turkis, in particular, have interested him, On another occasion a band of and he has devoted a great deal of Quazaqs told the missionaries that time to translating portions of the they had bought some books the Bible into their language as well year before, and that they wanted as to distributing the Scriptures more. Still later they met a Rusamong all the peoples of western sian traveling in the company of Mongolia-a land in which there is some Quazaqs. Mr. Hunter gave not a single missionary. some Gospels to the Russian, who praised the book so highly and ex- One year, by way of summer pressed such deep gratitude that vacation, Mr. Hunter with his the Quazaqs also asked for books. fellow work'€r Mr. Mather traveled two thousand miles on horseback The religious leaders seemed as distributing Bibles and tracts in free from bigotry and as willing the isolated regions of the Altai to accept Christian books as the and Kobdo districts. The journey common people. At least three lasted three months and carried times on his journey Mr. Hunter the travelers through hot desert met Buddhist lamas who gladly acdepressions almost as low as sea cepted Gospels. Both on the way level and up over mountain passes to Kobdo and on the return trip which are above the line of per- the party stopped with a mullah, petual snow. The most remark- a writer in the head chief's yamen. able features of the journey were This man had previously helped the universal courtesy which Mr. Mr. Hunter with his translations Hunter and his companions met of the Gospels into Quazaq. On from members of all races and this occasion, as Mr. Hunter says classes and the willingness with in his diary, "He invited us into which representatives of all reli- his big, luxurious tent and regaled gions accepted the Christian Scrip- us with milk and mutton." tures. Government officials as well as On the very first day out Mr. religious leaders showed the party Hunter, with the aid of a little every courtesy. In the Altai dis- Mohammedan girl, sold three Gos- trict the military governor called pels in Chinese and one in Arabic. at the missionary encampment and A few days later in the Altai dis- both he and the Kobdo governor trict he met a Mongol from one of gave the party special passports. the Kalmuk tribes. Some idea of the remoteness of "Won't you buy a Gospel?" Mr. the area may be gained from this Hunter asked. entrance in Mr. Hunter's diary. "We visited the Russian consul (at "I have one," the Mongol replied, Kobdo) and he kindly gave us some and putting his hand into the folds Peking newspapers only a month old-the first we had seen for six 2

months. Themail from Peking to change, but the missionaries had no Kobdo goes by fast couriers and difficulty in making purchases by takes only one month." means of needles, thread, eye medi- cine, and matches as well as the Such a long journey in so remote Gospels which the people were ala district was naturally not with- ways willing to accept. out dangers. After leaving Tala Lake the party took the wrong Yet even in this remote teritory, road and got into the gorges of the where there are no railroads, where Bujantu River. Mr. Hunter's caravans of mountain camels bear diary for July 24th says, "Made a their loads of hides and wool and long detour today trying to avoid salt over the high passes, where the gorge, followed a path which herds of yaks graze on the table led us up a steep mountain. This lands, and where eagles are still path proved to be an old cattle trained for hunting purposestrack to some tents which had been even here the war has had a promoved away. We could not very found influence. In Kobdo Mr. well retrace our steps, so we Hunter met a number of Russian pressed on. The task got more dif- refugees, several of whom exficult as we ascended, and night- pressed great interest in his work. fall found us in a place where I At Altai, on the return trip, while fear the foot of man has seldom attending the christening of the trod. Huge boulders of rock Russian consul's son, he chanced to perched on ice and snow. There see a refugee woman trying to sell was no grass nor fuel, and our her sewing machine and household servant was much afraid. No won- goods. Later, on the road he met a der, for it was a really dangerous Russian general with a large party place. We divided a small piece of of military refugees on their way bread between us but did not eat to Kobdo. it, each thinking he had better save it until morning; so we went to During the entire journey Mr. rest hungry and tired." Hunter and his party disposed of six hundred portions of the Bible The next morning they found a -in nine distinct languages-as way over the east shoulder of the well as religious tracts in Chinese, mountain and later were fortunate Mongolian, Tibetan and Sarto enough to meet some Quazaqs who gave them mutton. The next day The willingness of these strange they came to a river valley in which they could gather quantities of nomadic tribes to hear the Chriswild rhubarb, onions, and mush- tian message, as well as the evirooms, and these added greatly to dences that even western Mongolia the diet of milk and mutton which will soon be in the path of Eurothey could get by trading with the pean civilization emphasize the im- portance of putting this country native peoples. Bartar, of course, on the Christian map of the world is common in this region, frac- by giving them resident mission tional currency being entirely un- workers and an opportunity to reknown. Compressed bricks of tea ceive the best elements of western are the most usual medium of ex- civilization before the worst ele- ments are thrust upon them.

REIGN OF TERROR IN RUSSIA*

BY PAUL HUTCHINSON, Chicago, Illinois I HAVE just come out of Rus~ But I have come out of Russia sia after two crowded weeks with the conviction that, before there. Entering by way of everything else, I must set forth Riga our party, under the leader- the facts as to the religious perse- ship of Sherwood Eddy, spent two cution which is now under way days in Leningrad, eight in Mos- and which is gaining in power. I cow, then sailed for three and a do this with a full sense of the re- half days about a thousand kilo~ sponsibility involved. . . . The meters down the Volga to Saratov. situation created by the religious Returning from Saratov-which is persecution now going on in Rus- within a day's steamship ride of sia is so serious that I dare not the Caspian-to Moscow, we came withhold this report a minute.

directly westward, crossing the As with almost every other so- Polish frontier and reaching War~ cial factor, there has been endless saw last evening. debate over the status of religion I have been tremendously im- in Soviet Russia. In the constitupressed by much that I have seen tion as originally adopted, freedom of religious belief and practice in Russia. There is power, drive was granted. The constitution has in the air-particularly in the now been amended, however, with Moscow air. People are not won~ the vague matter of "denominadering whether the golden days tional practices" substituted for are past, as they are in so much the former blanket religious guarof western Europe; for Moscow, antee. It is possible, of course, to at least, the best is yet to be. The construe such a term as amountgovernment creates this feeling of ing to a grant of religious libertypower. It seems to grip its task just as it has proved possible to with a directness, a completeness construe it in a diametricallydifof control beyond that of any other ferent fashion-but as a matter state we visited. There is a sense of fact, there is now under way as of achievement – in industry, in determined an effort to stamp out social reorganization, in producing vital religion as any government new cultural forms and norms, in has ever undertaken. The modern providing opportunity for mutual participation in the building of world has known nothing like it. what may become one of history's Not even in Mexico, where State great nations-that constantly as- and Church came into such direct serts itself, even in the face of the conflict, did the Government dream of attempting the work of reliobviously needy present. gious extermination which the *rrhls franl{ communieation from Paul Hut- Soviet Government is actively chinson diseusses the attitude of the Russian prosecuting. Government toward the Christian chUrches and all recognized religion. The author, an Ameri~ There is a certain sort of relican Christian with the viewpoint of America, gion against which the governhas spent two weeks in an attempt to learn ment seems to harbor no active what is beneath the religious persecution in animosity, probably because of a Russia, and has come out of that land determined to speak without fear. The commu- nication appeared in The Ohristian Oentury of September 18. 1929.

835

belief that it holds the seeds of cessful in the making of young death within itself. So long as the atheists than of young Commu- Orthodox churches are content to nists. Russia is actually rearing stay in the old ruts, and their an entire generation that affirms priests are content to confine their its belief that there is no God.

operations rigidly to the celebra- This is serious. But when you re- tion of an ancient liturgy largely flect that it is really the god of the couched in a dead language, the old church – the anthropomorphic State does not worry much about being who gave power to the tsar them. Even in such cases the life and held the common man under a of the priest, who is deprived of hideous spell of superstition-who all civic rights, is a hard one. But is thus being bowed out of Russian if he is willing to live in privation life, the present loss may be reand accept the derided status of a garded as a necessity for any fusocial parasite, the old-line priest ture religious gain. can go on. It is not of these things, so fre- The old style of Greek church quently reported before, that I am is acting, in the main, only as the now speaking. When I say that chaplain of the older, conservative, there is terrible religious persecu- and often densely ignor.ant por- tion now under way in Russia, I tions of the population-the people refer to the heavy penalties now who will die out within the next being inflicted on those who are twenty years, leaving no heirs, if attempting to minister to such en- Soviet expectations are realized. lightened Russians as still ac- But when a movement for a vital- knowledge a hunger in their souls ized, a modernized form of reli- and seek its satisfaction in reli- gion appears, that is something gion. Enlightened religion, vital else. Then you see the effort to religion, religion that is in thor- provide a modern education for the ough accord with many of the ex- priesthood brought to futility by pressed social aims of the Soviets, the Government's disruption of religion that can walk sure- teaching faculties; you see the so- footedly in the modern world- called Living Church movement religion of this sort is being perse- channeled off into various types of cuted systematically and savagely innocuousness. -as hundreds of bishops and Making a Godless Nation priests of the Orthodox church, of ministers of various Protestant This is not what I call religious bodies, and even of worshipers, persecution. Neither do I mean can testify.

the systematic anti-religious train- To mention names or places or ing to which all Russian children dates or occurrences connected are being subjected. Russia has with this persecution would be to now gone clear beyond the point precipitate drastic punishment on where teaching in the schools is persons in Russia; in several in- nonreligious. It is now made, by stances I have been warned that government order, aggressively any specific reference would be atheistic. Capable observers say tantamount to signing the death that investigation, whether in city warrant of those immediately con- or village, will show that 'the Gov- cerned. The world has already ernment has been much more suc- been told that the right of churches

RELIGIOUS REIGN OF TERROR IN RUSSIA

to carryon social work has been Iigion? Is not the Soviet Govern- abolished; that young people's so- ment strong? It certainly appears cieties under church auspices have to be stronger by far than any gov- been put under the ban; that the ernment in central Europe. Then teaching of religion to organized what can there be in the religion of classes, even in the churches, has these minority Protestant groups, been forbidden; that the work of or in that of the handful of genu- the traveling evangelist has been ine religious pioneers within the stopped; that the circulation of Orthodox church, that so arouses religious papers has been greatly its fears? To that question there reduced or their publication ended must be given a three-point an- entirely; that 300 Baptist preach- swer.

ers have been sent to jail; that 500 In the first place, the Soviet churches were closed last year. Government has been astonished, These things are true. But they and badly frightened, by the suc- are only a fraction of the truth. cess of the reform religious move- Eradicating Religion ments in Russia. This has been particularly true of the Protes- I am using words with care tants. Numerically, Protestants when I say that a reign of terror are still lost in the Russian mass.

has been instituted to eradicate But the rate of growth in recent the last vestige of vital religion years has been phenomenal. In from Russian life. For the sake ihe past two years this growth of the lives and safety of men and had begun to reach figures in the women in Russia, I must not give millions. If this rate had been names or specific instances. But maintained for another five years, I have personal, first-hand knowl- the Protestant constituency would edge that the Soviet Government have been numbered in the tens of is today closing churches whole- millions. A government committed sale; sending hundreds, and prob- to the establishment of an atheistic ably thousands, of persons to jail nation could not regard such an for the sole crime of religious ac- outlook cheerfully.

tivity; reverting to the old G. P. In the second place, the Govern- U. (secret police) terror, under ment has been aroused by the suc- which persons are arrested, tried cess of the Protestant churches in and sentenced without public trial, organizing the young people. It the employment of counsel, and was asserted by Bukharin at the frequently without letting even last convention of the communist the families of the accused know party that the· membership of where they are confined or with Protestant young people's societies what they are charged. A new had passed that of the Comsomols stream of exiles is starting for -the 'teen age organization of Siberia and Central Asia-exiles communists-and that the rate of who have never had a day in open growth was much more rapid.

court, and whose only offense has There was probably some exagbeen that of preaching or practic- geration in this, in an effort to se- ing a religion that showed signs of cure party action forcing govern- being able to maintain itself in the mental suppression of the societies, such as followed. But it is unface of the Soviet attack. Why this terrific attack on re- doubtedly true that the young peo-

pIe's societies of the churches were internationalism in this sense the growing at such a rate as to excite Soviets accept, even cheer, because the apprehension of the commu- of their economic necessity. Reli- nists, who place their hopes for a gious internationalism they regard communized Russia so entirely in as a threat.

the coming generations. For these reasons certainly, and In the third place, the reform- perhaps for others, the Soviet Government is today systematiing groups-particularly the Prot- cally subjecting the most vital eleestants – came under suspicion ments in Russian religion to because of their international con- relentless persecution. It is using nections. The Russian Govern- ment considers every other gov- the secret processes of the secret ernment in the world at war, con- police to do this-so secretly that structively, with it. It is not only multitudes in Russia have no idea afraid of future war; it conducts of what is going on. Whether this itself as if war is now going on. persecution has reached its full To have international connections strength it is impossible to judge. is, therefore, in a sense to be trad- But Protestants and the reforming ing with the enemy. From this priests are accepting their jail point of view, Russian Baptists terms, their banishments, their probably never had a worse dis- punishments of whatever kind service rendered them than when with complete courage and with the Baptist World Alliance last incredible calmness. year elected one of their number as its vice-president the reb y There is probably nothing that drawing attention to their con- the Christians of America can do to help their imperiled Russian nection with the "capitalist" world. In Moscow's anti-religious brethren at this juncture. If the museum, where the Government Federal Council of Churches sent the proper sort of letter to the seeks by all sorts of posters and Russian authorities, it might help exhibits to drive home the idea of the enmity of religion to the to make clear to them the effect welfare of the people, space in which such a policy, if persisted the corner devoted to attacking in, is bound to have on American the Baptists is given to a picture opinion. Or it might not have any of Henry Ford. Why? Because effect whatever. The Soviet Gov- Ford is said to be a Baptist! (The ernment is under the mental strain of a state of war with other na- Government is mistaken in this.) tions. Once this strain is eased, But the argument runs-Ford is the Government will feel less neca Baptist; Ford is a foreign capitalistic magnate; to be a Baptist, essary the stern repression of certherefore, is to be allied with for- tain elements. Out of that might eign capitalism. Q. E. D. The quickly come a lessening of the irony of this is clear when one drive against religion. Meanwhile reads the enthusiastic comments gentle women and noble men are of the Moscow press on Mr. Ford's being sent by the hundreds, percontract with the government to haps by the thousands, to the lone- build a factory at Nizni Novogorod liness of exile because they have for the production of up to 100,000 dared to preach or profess the Ford cars and trucks a year. But Christian religion.

A RUSSIAN VIEW OF EVANGELISM

RUSSIA I T IS of interest to see the evan- of social work. Their Gospel gelistic movement in Russia meetings are open to all who wish from the view-point of its ene- to come. This propaganda work mies, the atheistic rulers of that is done in the churches, in public country. The M 0 s cow paper places, among the workers in the Trude, says: "During the years of open air, or at the the doors of the Revolution the Church (i. e., their meeting rooms.

the Orthodox State Church) lost "A great part of their work- many of its adherents. The Sec- we should say their chief work-is tarians (Protestants), however, done among the young people. It have increased tremendously in is here that they use all their number…. There are about six strength, and they speak of 'the millions of them now in this coun- future generation' in every ser- try, not counting the nine millions mono This activity is often suc- of 'old believers.' [Those who, in cessful. It is a fact known to us the 17th century, refused to submit all that one of our 'Komsomolka'

to the secular reforms in the Or- (young Communist female leader) thodox church, introduced by the from the factory 'Presse' has gone patriarch, Nikon.] They take their over to the Evangelicals.

religion seriously, do not smoke, "The sectarians find it easy to and are distinguished by a strict gain new members from among morality. Before the revolution the unemployed, the seasonal work- the 'sectarians' did not number ers, coachmen, gardeners, etc.

more than one million. Their preachers even penetrate the "Former monarchists, social rev- workmen's barracks and converse olutionaries, police officers, and with them during their work. At members of the erstwhile nobility, the Red Gate (where our Labor are the leaders of these sectarians. Exchange is) a group of sectarians They know how to adapt them- are at work, and these members selves quickly to the spirit of the have adapted themselves especially times. They have the methods and to the type of work they are doing forms of the committee system and there.

party organization, and carryon "There is a large group of sec- active propaganda. tarians in a number of factories, "In a number of provinces (as chiefly of the textile industries, Smolensk, Bryansk, Twer, and oth- with their great number of work- ers) , they hold conventions where men from the country villages. In they discuss such problems as or- the weaving mills at W- I myself ganizing schools, hygiene, improve- know such a group of sixty per- ment of agriculture, and many sons (and credible accounts make others that are really the concern the number even larger), consist- of the Soviet authorities. ing mostly of women. The sec- "Every member of their commit- tarian preachers simply enter the tee is over-burdened with all sorts houses, and around the samovar 839

hold long conversations about tribute themselves in every nook Christ, the New Testament, and and corner of the hall. Thence the future life in Paradise. They they bombard the speaker with take no entrance fees to their Gos- questions, both verbal and writ- pel meetings, and everyone is wel- ten."

come. Even in such factories as The editor of the German Gospel 'Sickle and Hammer,' there is al- Weekly from which this account is ways a group of sectarians and taken, makes his own comments: their number increases every- "Evangelical Christians in the where. Russia of our day number at least "Their activities have extended six millions, and according to some much during the last few years. enemies, 10 millions. God has done They even dare to enter the lists a great work, and that is all the against the anti-religious cam- more remarkable because there paigns. If anywhere lectures are have been no mass conversions, as given against religion, they, too, has sometimes been the case under appear with their counter-propa- a more tolerant government. In ganda. Not content with that, they this case, confessions bring only undertake even to arrange for persecution and disadvantages.

some sort of discussions in the fac- "In the eyes .of their persecutories, chiefly· making use of the tors, Christians now are in Russia mid-day recess. (as they have been at all times and "In this manner our orators, everywhere) abominable crea- during the anti-religious compaign tures, full of malice and craftiness.

in Moscow last Christmas, were re- The 'virtuous' ( ?) communists peatedly faced with the opposition seem to have a hard time of it with of these sectarians. At the anti- these sectarians. With all their religion meetings of the mechanics might they carryon this campaign and housewives. where 1,300 per- against 'religion,' calling it 'the sons were present, a young secta- people's opiate.' But vain is all rian, after the lecture of Comrade their effort-the wicked (?) sec- L– carne forward and attempted tarian neutralizes all their well- to prove that 'even if some reli- meant attempts. Then Evangeli- gions are harmful, this could not cals are mightier than the Commu- be said of all of them.' Similar nists, because they fight with the scenes were enacted in a second Sword of the Spirit-the Word of meeting of the same district in the God.

P- works, where three sectarians "There are many signs that difmade counter-speeches, and also in ficulties and distress are multiplyother parts of the capital. In the ing on every hand in Russia. The general assembly of the workers in Government, through erroneous 'Sickle and Hammer,' they even measures, has become the enemy handed a resolution to the chair- itself of large sections of the peoman and demanded that it be pub- ple, and in consequence senses enelished officially. mies everywhere. The result. is a "All such demonstrations are severe conflict that brings unspeak- carefully organized and prepared able sufferings to the people. Be- before hand; the sectarians corne ing atheistic in principle, the rulers to the meetings in groups, and dis- of Russia see opposition and op-

A RUSSIAN VIEW OF EVANGELISM IN RUSSIA

ponents in every church and Chris- cerned. The spirits one has intian community, and fight them with every means at their disposal. voked refuse to be dismissed. This is by no means confined to the Evangelical movement, but the They threaten to devour the sor- Greek Orthodox Church no less so, and the latter has thus again be- cerers that have called theIII"out of come a 'martyr church.' It is easy to understand that the common the bottomless pit. Only the Gospeople (who for the greatest part belong to that church), have be- pel (the despised, hated Gospel) come embittered through these persecutions. can help.

"Knowing the philosophy of the "Even the young generation leading elements in Russia one does not marvel that immorality (espe- feels the horrible burden of these cially among the young people) is becoming a serious concern, even conditions (at any rate the better to the government. Whole columns of the Soviet newspapers discuss element do). One girl student this question. They emphasize that this moral swamp completely writes: undermines the prestige of the ruling party-the communistic group. It is the custom among us, to look down with a sort of malicious contempt "But how shall they get out of on everything that makes for beauty or this morass? That remains the order, either in clothing or housing. In 'doctor-problem' for the men in our campus one sees nothing but dust, power to solve. dirt, disorder-beds and rooms never tidy. The reason is NOT that important "It was the 'unrestricted liberty' work does not leave us time to remedy in contrast to the 'aristocracy no- this, but because it is supposed to be tions' that they have held out as a our duty to despise everything connected bait for the young people, to make with aesthetics. I do not understand them support their cause. All why this should be so, since our govsorts of facilities and privileges for ernment (a proletarian government at entry into schools and universities, that) being poor to the point of begging. as well as in appointments to the yet spends any amount of effort and various posts and offices in these money to make everything around us and other government institutions, look aesthetic and beautiful. But in our granted to members of communis- speech the most filthy language is most tic organizations, helped to swell approved, and if any girl (very few their ranks. But now these young dare to do it) protests, things only grow communists of the government will worse. They set out systematically to not hear of anything that the gov- inure the victims to ()Ur "mother tongue." ernment may want to do to put any check on these liberties obtained. This contempt for all that is beauti- ful, pure and healthy has for a result "However, anyone with his eyes that the same malice, coarseness and open can see that these things, if shamelessness predominates in an .intiallowed to go on unchecked, will mate intercourse. One is literally afraid lead to absolute dissolution, into a to manifest to one's bosom friend anymoral bog that will engulf all con- thing like tenderness, forethought, or consideration. There is no love among us. We only know the relations of the senses, for according to our philosollhy, love is contemptuously stigmatized as "psychology," whereas we should only be concerned with "physiology." Anyone who looks for anything else in the rela- tion of the sexes, is denounced as mentally inferior.

"The last clause of the words the poor girl quoted above, show like a flash of lightning the tap-root of all the bitterness Russia is reap- ing. This is the doctrine of this root of bitterness, i. e., that man has only a body, and neither soul nor spirit. It is the most horrible lie of Satan."

Another writer says: "It always ers, and it seems even that the is dangerous to see the actual situ- Tcheka is letting the religious ation in Russia in a too scheming groupings grow for a certain time way, fbrgetting that we are in to better seize their adepts. front of two hostile forces: those of the Bolshevist oppressions and "We recently had in our possesthose of the same elements of the sion a letter where was written Russian nation. These forces are something like this: 'The believers in constant fight, and the fact that are getting on with their task, but the Bolshevists today have the they perfectly know that arrest power does not prove that their and death are watching for them adversaries are entirely crushed. every day, and that they must be It would be, besides, disregarding ready to join their brothers who the real power of the religious are already suffering in the prison faith to think that it could be taken of Solovki or in Siberia.' out of the soul of a folk of 150 millions people by Soviet decrees and "Up to now the principal effort terrorist acts, so bloody. of the persecutors of the faith in Russia was directed against the "If the Soviet Government has Orthodox church. In tolerating not feared 'plunder and murder to the adepts of the different sects be used for weakening the religious they thought that they would organizations of Russia, the be- weaken the main religious organilievers have also proved an ex- zation. In 1928 the Soviet power traordinary tenacity and devotion, discovered its error and the fact and as they are a majority of the that religion, under any form, confolk, the Soviet power has been tains ideas that are incompatible obliged to admit that it was im- with Bolshevism. Actually the possible to deChristianize Russia Soviet press is constantly insistin a day. ing, with regard to all religious groupings, that tolerance of any "When the Tcheka murdered religious pUblications is unforgivpriests, new ones were taking their able, and is demanding their defiplace; the Soviet authorities shut nite suppression. Thus we have a the churches and cloisters, the be- copy of the Pravda, the official orlievers gathered wherever they gan of the Russian communist could, and the monks were recon- party, of Feb. 5, 1929, which constituting communities; at last tains a very violent article on that where it was getting impossible to subject. Its author finds the recelebrate the mass officially, and pressive measures insufficient. where the Orthodox communities were quite disorganized because of "It is. needless to sayan which the persecutions, Methodist or side must be the support of the other groupings arrived, and so re- Christian believers of Europe and ligion under a new form recon- America. quered the lost places. Yours sincerely, "The prisons are full of Believ- THE PRESIDENT, (Signed) Th. Aubert.

CAN WE LEARN FROM KOREA?

BY REV. H. KERR TAYLOR, Tsingkiangpu, Kiangsu, China Missiona.·y of the Presbyterian Ohurch, South SOMEONE has said that the Japa- nomenal work. I notice in some nese have a genius for governing, statistics that I picked up over there that the "board grant for current the Chinese a genius for being mer- work, per baptism," in 1927, was for chants, and the Koreans a grace for the being Christians. Canadian Presbyterians …… . $153.00 The Korean church everywhere is Southern Methodists, U. S…. . 138.00 interesting and the missionary to Australian Presbyterians …. . 119.00 China has much to learn in every Southern Presbyterians, U. S.. . 107.00 place. It is a wonderful thing to see, Northern Methodists, U. S…. . 106.00 Northern Presbyterians, U. S. as you pass on the train through villages and towns, the neat little only …………………. . 15.00 churches that stand out on the hillsides and give the landscape a touch For "board grant for current work, that belongs to long ago evangelized per communicant," the figures in the places. same order were: $13.27; $10.67; But perhaps the most interesting $12.82; $8.29; $7.12; and for the and helpful J)lace to visit is Pyengyang, Northern Presbyterians, whose work Northern Korea. Other near-by towns centers in the fine Pyengyang field, have fine work, but Pyengyang is their only $1.35. The work has gone forcenter. A college and theological semi- ward with a small Board grant. nary are there. foreign school, etc. It is a small oriental town, about 80,000 The question that concerns us is, people, and is the second city in the can that work be duplicated in China? little country. In that town there are What has caused the church to grow twenty self-supporting churches. I at- so in Korea as compared with parts tended seven or eight of these, met of the work in China, India, etc? their independent though cordial What has been done to put their work pastors, and thanked God for such a ahead and on so firm a basis? sight. Those churches were built practically entirely with native gifts, As someone has said, Korea is at and in two of the twenty churches I once the admiration and the despair saw the notice boards telling of over of all interested in mission work in 1,100 and 1,200 in attendance on the the world today. How can one account previous Sabbath. In one of the for the streets after streets of closed churches I saw over a thousand in at- business doors on the Sabbath in tendance at the main morning service; Korea, and the difficulty in China of they had had the same number at the bringing men to an appreciation of the Sunday School service a short time be- value of the day of rest? I want to fore. At night I slipped back just to jot down a few impressions gained from listening and observing and read- ing in Korea and here in China.

see that church filled again to the First of all, they magnify the Bible; doors, without foreigners, and with a they believe it, take pains to teach it, reverence that made you feel that here emphasize Bible classes, are reverent- after all was something genuinely ly jealous for it, and endeavor to live indigenous. strictly by it. This is certainly a fea- Pyengyang is the stronghold of the ture of the Korean work. Some of work of the American Presbyterian their Bible classes are quite remark- Mission, North, and I may as well sayable.

here that the Northern Presbyterian One thing that struck me especially work in Korea struck one as phe- in regard to the missionaries in Pyeng- nomena!. pven among generally phe- yang, as well as in other parts of 843

Korea; the missionaries believe the the Sunday service, the local elders or Bible through and through, and their leaders take charge. work is projected on a well understood loyalty to the whole Scriptures. There The missionaries learned from Dr. is no disposition to cavil over difficult John L. Nevius, this lesson of the inplaces and seek obvious solutions to dispensability of self-support to a real difficulties. They are impatient with church. They say frankly that the careless handling of the Word of God, mistakes of the China and India misand I believe God is blessing them ac- sion fields led them-in their more cordingly. Not even so-called minor recent mISSIOn venture-to avoid concessions to liberalism, are tolerated building over native groups of beby the Korean General Assembly. lievers a superstructure that was not theirs and that would not be carried Second, they require self-support; locally. They started right. they not only preach and urge it, but they feel that there is no church work Third, let me add another unquesworthy the name that does not pay its tionable feature of the work. It is way as it goes. that the Holy Spirit has signally blessed the Korean field. His doings They do not-that is, the missions are marvellous in our eyes. The home do not-employ seminary graduates churches have also inevitably reas preachers. They will support a boy sponded with adequate men and means or a man through school and seminary, to reap a rich harvest waiting to be but when .he gets his seminary reaped. The mission workers have diploma, he has the native church spent their time not so much in evanalone to look to for his support if he gelistic scattering of seed, as in teachis to get any for his preaching. ing and garnering and building the church, under God. They have been Another thing, each evangelistic almost unable to take care of the enormissionary is given Yen 70 per month mous demands on their time for such with which he may support two advanced work. The Spirit of God has helpers or secondary native preachers. certainly moved in that land. One can That amount would never support two give only outstanding characteristics seminary graduates. And they call these men "helpers." They actually of the Korean work. help the missionary. They are not They have in Korea a form of script helpers with another title. Yen 35 a month is about Mex. $20. And that writing, much like the script that has is all the money these missionaries been with such difficulty pushed in have for their country evangelistic China. But this is used everywhere in work, outside of itineration and Korea. It is called Unmoon. It has similar personal items. No "chapel made possible a Bible reading and rent," "purchase" items, etc. They Bible studying church. It is at once gradually add a third such helper or evident what an enormous lever this native preacher as the work develops, is. China simply must solve this neceshaving the churches to make up the sity for an easy script. amount needed. When a fourth man is wanted, they stretch the Yen 70 Another feature is, that there has over the four men, the churches com- been in Korea during these recent ing up with the amount to increase years a large amount of peace and the Yen 70 to twice that amount, etc. order and business, thanks to the Some places have six or more such governing ability of the Japanese workers, and the same original Yen rulers. While bandit and war ridden 70. The churches able to have pastors, China has become day by day more or groups able to have them, have impoverished, and property holdings simply graduated from this lower class have become more and more insecure into self sustaining units or groups. for many reasons; in Korea the If there is no preacher on hand for church has been able to save and build and keep what it has saved and built.

Are the Koreans better off than the

WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM KOREA ~

Chinese? That is hard to say. They is sanguine, quick, versatile, idealistic, are all poor; all in debt. Thanks large- volatile, patriotic, daring,-a land ly to Japan, there are many improve- where mystical and imaginative Budments that China does not have. The dhism has thrived; and whereas China advance of the Korean work can not is phlegmatic, careful, patient, perbe explained on the basis that they are severing, rational, utilitarian,-a land better off than the Chinese. The where Confucian rationalistic philos- Koreans fear Chinese economic ex- ophy has for so long held sway; the ploitation as much or more than they Korean partakes of both and is overdo Japanese military usurpation of come of neither; he is rationally idealtheir rights and authority. The istic, more like the Anglo-Saxon; a Korean is no match for the Chinese economically, and what the "poor" or combination of rationality and emounpractical Korean has done, would tionalism. seem-other things being equalequally possible to the thrifty Chinese. The Korean is not stingy. He And this is significant, the better off doesn't bother about money to a great Koreans have built better churches, extent. He likes to give and gives the poor Koreans in their villages have liberally. To be stingy or niggardly, put up typically native buildings. is with him to be mean, worse than to· be a libertine or to lie or to steal. Another thing that struck me was Money with him was made to circuthe homogeneity of the field, and the late; he is lavish with his own or anhomogeneity of the work and workers. other's money, we were told by those It is largely a rural field; the Koreans who know! for the most part are tillers of the soil, a class that has always built This may help to explain the rapid strong, dependable churches. Korea has but one or two large cities. They and phenomenal nature of some of are not bothered much with modernism the church's growth, but it is not the and all its attendant impracticalities. There is very little directing of the secret of that success. After all it is work and thought of the church from not so much phenomenal success we the cities. They don't worry over are after as a real, self-sustaining, such things as who is going to control, or over "devolution," foreign funds, indigenous church. In Korea we have and the like. The churches pay their a demonstration of what a really inown bills and manage their own af- digenous mission projection should be. fairs. Most of the mission work, too, I have been thinking constantly of that has been done by one or two of the so different mission projection,-the major groups of the Protestant church in Moslem lands, the stunted church; this, too, has made for church growth in Moslem lands. The homogeneity. lesson of all lessons that I learned in Korea was that, whether large or There is one other thing I want to small, whether phenomenal or stunted, touch on that is paramount. There a church, not a preaching hall, not a seems to be something in those missionary's chapel, but a church- Koreans that makes them more tract- isn't a church if it doesn't pay its able, more teachable than the Chinese. own way and manifest that very I think this does help to explain to a practical necessity to any sort of orcertain degree the large growth of the ganism, LIFE. They must build their Korean church. As some one has own church. It may be slow, it may pointed out, Korea is not only geo- be inconvenient, it may not look well, graphically midway between China but it won't be a "foreign church" it and Japan-northern China and will not know what such a term means, Japan, but she is philosophically mid- for it is a church, a group worshiping way between them. Whereas Japan God and paying all its bills, and mani- festing that it has found something worthy of the investment of its money and life.

MODERNIZED AFRICAN WOMAN-

AN ASSET OR A LIABILITY?

BY MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER ~fi88ionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Rhodesia T HE really pertinent question The life of the African woman seems to me to be, Is modern- has been largely one of hard work ization an asset or liability to and few pleasures. On one occa- the African woman? sion, when we were camping by a Even Solomon would, I think, stream off the main trail, a woman hesitate to give a definite answer appeared and begged us to let her to either of these questions but we go with us for three days in order must face the fact that Africa is be- that she might escape from the ing rapidly modernized and it is im- chief who was a cruel tyrant.

possible to stay the tide in which Pushing back her hair, she showed the African woman, as well as the where he had cut off both her ears African man, is caught in the back- and recently had threatened to cut wash. off her nose. She said that if she could go a three or four days march In the tribal life, the African with us, she could escape to friends woman has, for centuries, been scarcely more than a slave, a chat- where he would not follow her.

tel. It may be true that there are In most of the tribes, the African tribes in which the lobolo paid for woman has no rights over her own the wives insured protection to the children. She must cultivate the woman and a state of virtue. But fields and raise the food with which we have known personally several to feed them but her husband, her tribes where there certainly has parents or other relatives dispose existed the idea of ownership. of the children. A brother has a Among the Bafiote the writer was right to sell his sister to provide a told by one of the young men that wife for himself and many a father if a woman did not bear her hus- has done the same. A man is rich band a child inside of two years he according to the number of wives could take her back to her father he owns.

and demand a refund of what he One of the pioneer missionaries had paid for her. in Rhodesia said: "The African We have known numerous cases woman has to raise grain for her in Rhodesia where there has been husband to buy more wives, to endless litigation handed down two raise more grain to buy more and three generations in order to wives, to raise more grain to buy get such a refund so that sometimes more wives-a vicious circle." girls are even obligated for old Life in an African town or vildebts before they are born. Some lage is one of deadly monotony.

of the complexities of heathen mar- Most of the huts are small and the riages can be dimly comprehended villages are decidedly unsanitary; by the fact that one woman, who there is little or no privacy and did not look to be out of her thir- many social customs are too revolt- ties, had been given successively to ing for description. It has been some thirteen husbands. quite popular to state that the Mri- 846 can is unmoral rather than immor- not gladly exchange a hot, foul, al, a statement as false as it is dirty goatskin for a bright, pretty catchy. We have never yet found cotton cloth? When men are a tribe where there was not a well drafted to work in the mines, it is defined, decent code of morals. We becoming increasingly easy to per- suade their women to go with them. A WHITE MAN'S MISTRESS-A MENACE Along the newly-made motor have yet to find any tribe where roads we see a steady procession there was any serious, general at- of men, women and children headed tempt to live up to such a code. As toward the commercial and mining to a recent widely-circulated report towns. These motor roads have that the cannibals are a highly mor- been made largely by the women al people the facts prove quite the and the old men and the honk of contrary. the motor car has not only given the African woman a tremendous Back in her native kraal, the Af- thrill but it is the call to a new rican woman has had little or noth- world beyond her present ken. She ing to wear except skins or a bit listens at night to the accounts of of grass cloth or bark blanket. these towns as Meccas where no woman has to work, where every- one is rich, where there are plenty of gay clothes, gay tim€s and all can eat white bread. It is not strange that many follow the men and the will 0' the wisp that leads to the bog of the artificial city life. Broad is the motor road that leads to destruction and many there be The Coming of Civilization A CHRISTIAN WIFI1J-A BLESSING Now into this sordid background that travel thereon. At the end of comes the advance agent of civili- the way there are dazzling electric zation, frequently a trader or a lights with a minimum of hard lagovernment official collecting taxes. bor and a maximum of temptation These will be closely followed by for the woman to sell her body and the labor recruiting agent soliciting labor for the building of railroads or work on the mines. These men have attractive clothing and blankets and the labor bureau agent will be very generous in making presents. What woman would

soul for a morsel of meat to eat or icent church structures, these a glad rag to wear. needlessly costly piles of stone and In this artificial life children are masonry, that are being erected all decreasing in number. One govern- over America and Europe in His ment official told us that among 600 Name and largely at their expense?

women on the Busanga tin mine, What could be done and what there were only ten births in the should be done is seen by the small past year. The world has gone army of bright, happy Christian pleasure made and the African girls walking briskly down the woman is also being sucked into beautiful avenue at Lovedale and a the maelstrom. few other similar Christian insti- Some may be amused at the sight tutions in Africa. These young of a dusky beauty arrayed only in women are Christianized rather a black velvet evening gown, bare- than modernized. They are march- headed and barefooted, riding a bi- ing forth to help uplift the race.

cycle at full speed through the They are taking their places in the streets of ElisabethviIIe, but the schools, the hospitals, the shops, laugh dies as we see a white gov- the offices and best of all in the ernment official with whom she homes where they will be Christian lives intrQducing her to some of the mothers caring for their families.

men of his acquaintance while they No race or people can rise above all stand on the street laughing to- its womanhood and these women gether. That man has a wife and are the richest asset of that fabu- children in Europe. lously rich continent.

This gay life does not last long. But-"how shall they call on Disease soon catches the poor wom- Him of whom they have not heard?

an on the rebound and she is tossed And how shall they hear without aside, a mere bit of human wreck- a preacher? And how shall they age, while a younger and fresher preach except they be sent?" And victim takes her place. During the how can more missionaries be sent rest of her life she is a serious li- to save the African woman unless ability from a physical as well as there can be more given for the from a moral standpoint, spread- world-wide extension of Christ's ing disease appallingly. Thousands Kingdom and less for our own self- of hands are stretched out to drag indulgences?

her down to the lowest depths to The Christian African woman is which any woman can fall, but the a wonderful asset to the commu- thing that breaks the hearts of the nity and country at large. She missionaries is that there are so stays with her husband, looks after pitifully few hands held out to save her home and her children and is her from the fall or to raise her in a power for good.

the hour of her disillusionment When we first saw Nyinza, she wlien she is wanting to be helped. was still the mistress of a white Is it strange that as we think of man. Then she came to our church, the many appeals that have been became an inquirer and asked to made to us to either take these join the church. She was tired of young women, or the little girls on a life of sin and wanted to marry the mines, away from the reeking a man of her own race. A few atmosphere of sin and vice, that months later she married one of we fail to enthuse over the magnif- our Christian men who had known

MODERNIZED AFRICAN WOMAN-ASSET OR LIABILITY?

all about her and felt that he could girls the way of real life and right- trust her now that she had turned eousness. to Christ. She has justified that trust. Her relatives tried hard to Every day in Elisabethville and get her back into the old life, and Likasi, those great mining centers it is useless to deny that she was in the Congo, one can see a troop sorely tempted, but she won out and of women and children going to the is today a fine helpmeet for her day school with their primers, pastor-husband and the mother of hymn books and New Testaments his children. in hand. These women are changed. Many of them have been Another woman in the interior dragged down by the lure of the at Kapanga was so vicious and im- towns but have been pulled up and moral that she even scandalized the saved by the grace of God. natives. One day she gave her The modernized African woman heart to Jesus Christ and I wish without God and without Christ is the world could have heard her a great liability both to her own teach the Sunday-school lesson lat- people and to the white race as er at Kapanga. Both missionaries well. The modernized African and natives testified that her life woman who has been saved was entirely changed and that through the power of Jesus Christ whereas she had been going about is a tremendous power for good in bent on mischief and immorality, her community-an asset to the now she was going up and down white race in the country at large. helping her sisters still in heathen- . dom, and telling of Christ who JESUS I KN9W could take away sin from the heart. (Acts xix. 15) Muledzwa was only a drunken Jesus I know, who made His path to reprobate, the mother of half a doz- shine, en children by as many different men, when I first knew her. Now Who was Himself God's great redemp- she has truly become a new crea- tive plan, ture in Christ Jesus and with her daughter Nenhu, who is also a Who walked the earth, pure human, yet Christian, is a decent, clean-living divine, chieftess among her own people, cleilnly clothed and at last in her A selfless, sinless soul, the perfect right mind. Man.

There was the Imp, foul- But know I Jesus as the living Christ? mouthed, filthy of body and mind Exalted now to share the Father's when I first knew her. She was throne?

then about twelve years old and a Lord of all life, who once was sacrificed, more offensive child I have never Who claims all hearts and kingdoms seen. She was disgusting in speech for His own? and conduct. She is now the wife of a pastor and a teacher in the Could I but know Thee, Jesus, as Thou school, a highly respected wife and mother of a fine little family. She art, keeps herself and her children clean and finds time to help teach other The living Christ, my Saviour, Lord 3 and King, Then should I serve Thee with a glow- ing heart, And live the Glorias which the angels sing. _ -Henry Burton, in the British Weekly.

APPEAL OF

A LETTER FROM REV. PAUL J. BRAISTED, Madras, India Missionary oj the American BaptiBt Foreign Mission Society T HERE is a tremendous ap- Perhaps the mildest thing that peal from the great city of can be said of Miss Mayo's second Madras to anyone who is book on India is that one ought to alive to human need and suffering. balance the picture presented with The crowds speak in clear voices much other available literature and misery is everywhere visible. about this land, its peoples, their It is easy to understand the Mas- history and ambitions, and their ter's great compassion for the mul- present life. But the book itself is titudes when we see these eastern misleading. Noone who has any multitudes bargaining, bickering, knowledge of India would consent gossIpmg, quarreling, jostling, to the statement that there are hungry, weary, disease-ridden, and thousands of Hindu widows burned destitute of the things which make life rich and happy. Here is un- to death on their husband's funeral pyres every year. Such has not limited opportunity for the re- been the case for nearly a century former, the social expert, the en- since the Government made it illethusiastic educationalist, and any- gal. Other similar facts might be one with a vision of any phase of questioned. The picture is out of life which can be improved. But focus. It is a curious thing that.

most of all in these hungry crowds while attributing all the evils to the is the insistent and persistent call, Hindu community, no mention is like the moving strain of pathos in made of the Moslem community.

a symphony, for life and the Life But most of all one misses the pres- Abundant. When I pass the many ence of the "Christ of the Indian shrines; the mosques, and the other Road" who has touched so many signs of varied devotions to the hearts into life and who is today many gods of India, I am reminded drawing many by irresistible bonds of a statement of J. E. K. Aggrey. of love unto Himself. The warmth He referred to the great mission- of a great love that will sacrifice ary hymn of Bishop Heber, the for the object of that love is wholly lines: "The heathen in his blind- missing from the book. Those who ness, bows down to wood and have proved themselves true stone." And then with the great friends of India can speak to her heart and true insight of one who with the utmost freedom of her walked near the Master, he added: evils. But India feels a just re- "In his blindness? No, in his hun- sentment to one who make's India's ger." It is the hungry heart that sins a means of commercial gain calls the loudest from the streets through their pUblication. There and bazaars of this great city. is no humble missionary, in how- There is limitless opportunity for ever isolated a station, with howone whom the Master might place ever little resources, however un- here to reach out in many ways to known and unsung, but in whose touch hearts and lives with the heart the love of Christ burns until abounding love of Christ. it lights other hearts, there is no 850 such a one whose life will not far clear and for the most part accu- outweigh in eternal and enduring rate and convincing. He quotes results this heartless dealing with from wide fields in support of his the woes of this people. appeal for Christ. He quotes from The other evening on the beach Keshab Chunder Sen's famous lec- of the Bay of Bengal, a Brahman ture, "India Asks Who Is Christ."

and I spoke together. In the gath- One of the statements may be ering shadows of evening our quoted here: "Christ as a good man, thoughts turned to the Nazarene. a great man, we have learned to This man was evidently a secret love, honour and esteem. Christ believer, and at one time he said, as a moral teacher of the highest "Sri Krishna was the embodiment order, we are this moment ready of lust, but Jesus Christ was the to enshrine in our hearts. For the embodiment of suffering love." We exemplary purity of His character, spoke of the abundant life that we would at once give Him the Christ continually gives to the be- heart's allegiance and loyalty. But liever who appropriates it by that is not the whole of Christ's faith. I thought again of the great character or mission. It is not and significant differences between here that we find the real essence a change of heart and a change of of His life . . . Christ aspired to religion. How easy it is to work a higher position than that of a for the latter without the former. moralist in the affections and at- How glorious is our privilege to tachment of his followers-yes, a deal with the eternal things and to higher and a heavenlier positionwatch a life change, a new attitude that of a divine power. To that emerge, a new life grow in ever in- position He is entitled, and that He creasing fulness. This surely is demands … " the first great essential, after Here are the two great phases of which the other will take care of India's thought of Christ,-her itself. Christ will touch the heart great admiration for His teachings and character, and her unwillingto life! The late Registrar of one of the ness to assign Him a unique place. North Indian Secretariats, a Hin- She has been drawn, mightily du, read books written by another drawn, by Christ, but she has yet Hindu in an attempt to "disprove to enter the great deeper secrets the historicity of Jesus Christ and whence flow the abounding springs the claim of Christianity as taught of abundant life which she needs. by Him to be regarded as a di- Oh, that my adopted country may vinely-revealed religion." This know Him in all His fulness-and registrar was so hurt by the read- to His glory!

ing of this literature that he set The missionary movement has shamed out to defend Christ before his and educated the socially strong into critics. A Hindu appealing to his lifting the ban from the outcaste mil- lions … Christianity will win its way fellow religionists on behalf of in India only through an Indian church, Christ! So the Master moves on well – established, self – supporting, un- human hearts! He answers in afraid, and inspiringly evangelistic. Such a church is now coming into being. turn the arguments which tried to Those who love the world-wide Kingdom make Jesus out to be far from a of God must help it to stand upon its divine man, not even a good man. feet and encourage it to walk without The Registrar's arguments are faintness and to run without weariness.

-BISHOP FRED B. FISHER.

WORK IN

BY T. K. HERSHEY, Pehuaj6, F. C. 0., Argentin;; S. A.

Superintendent oj the JHs'i(m Evanuelica Menonita H AVING been appointed by four new missionaries were sent the Mennonite Board of from United States. As more Missions and Charities of missionaries arrived on the field, United States and Canada as mis- the work of missions spread to sionaries, two families-J. W. other towns, until at present, there Shank, wife and two children, the are 16 appointed missionaries and writer, wife and two children- two native pastors giving all their sailed from New York in August, time, 12 native helpers giving part 1917, arriving in Buenos Aires, time, and some in training for fu- Argentina, one month later. After ture work. The work has been or- acquiring the Spanish language ganized in eight centers in the dis- and studying the field we travelled trict.

over the greater part of Argen- From the beginning, the people tina, consulting with missionaries had many strange ideas and noalready on the field. Pehuaj6 was tions as to who we are, our motive chosen as a center from which to and purpose in the country. It is begin our missionary activities very difficult to erase the idea and and in January, 1919, we moved to convince them that the United this town, 217 miles southwest of States Government has nothing to Buenos Aires. do with financing our mission work. The Roman Catholic priests At that time there was no mis- have proclaimed that we are false sion work on the Western Rail- prophets and leaders sent to spy way farther west than Nueve de out the lay of things under the Julio. From this town to Santa cloak of religion. Threats were Rosa de Toay, a distance of 200 repeatedly made of boycotting the miles, 75 miles north and 75 miles business of our members, but God south of this main railway, lay a lives and so we press on, knowing great unoccupied field. Here a that He who called us is greater great number of towns with from than the adversary. 200 to 10,000 inhabitants were Besides the preaching services without the Gospel. in all the established centers We opened public services, dis- twice a week, we have eleven Sun- day-schools with thirty-five native tributed tracts, engaged in visita- teachers. tion work, and organized a Sunday-school. After a hard struggle Another effective way of getting with fanaticism and blind spirit- the Gospel to the people is through ism, we received seven by baptism the native Bible women. At presthe first year. ent, we have eight women who read the Bible in the homes to From Pehuaj6, our headquar- their native friends two hours each ters, we extended the work to other afternoon, five days a week. In towns. The next year work was 1927 they made 7,474 visits, with opened fifty miles west of Pehuaj6 in. Trenque Lauquen, a town of 10,000 inhabitants and in 1921, 852

MENNONITE WORK IN ARGENTINA

12,641 persons present to hear cial meetings. In one year we placed in the hands of the public God's Word. 2,943 Bibles, New Testaments, Each established cent~r has an Gospels and portions of the Gospel, and approximately 143,300 Gospel organized Young People's Society tracts. There is a church memand every Tuesday evening the bership of over 200, and more than members and young people meet 400 children are in the Sunday- schools. Many of the members are for Bible Study. faithful and have shown much zeal Five kindergartens are in oper- in carrying the Gospel message to their fellowmen. They have caught ation five days a week with more the spirit of missions and in 1927, than 200 children enrolled. In the contributions from these willone, an advanced class of the First ing, but mostly poor, members was Grade is being taught by a member 3,271.75 pesos. of the church and a graduate of the Normal School at Pehuaj6. God is blessing the work of the Mennonite Church in Argentina. Orphanage work was launched It has been little in comparison to in May, 1926, in rather unsuitable what might have been done. Many quarters. At present 18 children are very indifferent to religion for in the institution are cared for by they have been long deceived by two missionary sisters, one of false teachings. On discovering whom is a trained nurse. that these "Evangelicos" are also teaching religion they have come Another great factor is the to look upon this Protestant misprinted page. We have our own sionary movement as "a bird of printing plant, and publish a four- another feather." page monthly paper called El Camino Verdadero (The True Way) with 12,000 circulation. Tracts, booklets and hand bills are used to announce services and spe- MR. HOOVER'S VISIT TO SOUTH AMERICA T HE visit of President Hoover, visiting the American colonies but then President Elect, to South was making a pre-official visit to America last January very the South American governments, deeply impressed South Ameri- created a favorable impression. cans. In the first place there was His sincerity and straight fora feeling that they were getting on wardness also won friends. On the front page. The people of the religious side he also scored a Brazil and Argentina felt that here tremendous point. At Rio he dewas a man who knew Europe, Asia, elined Sunday morning invitations Australia, and something of Afri- and arrangements without offering ca, and who did not feel that he any reason or excuse. He and could take up the presidency of the Mrs. Hoover quietly attended the United States without knowing English service at the Union something of Latin America. That Church. Men who exult in the made them anxious to give him in- fact that they have advanced beformation. His frankness in con- yond religion took off their hats to versation with President Irigoyen him. Without pomp or ceremony and President Washington Luis he went to worship God. Some and the fact that he definitely very beautiful things have been stated in Brazil that he was not written and said about this.

eroP1CS Of THE TIME~

Dr. Mott's Missionary Projects gram" and in Japan "The Kingdom of God Movement." This summons AS a result of his recent missionary to a larger evangelism must be vital, 1"1. journey around the world and his continuous and intensive-not spas- modic. We must adopt all means to conference with native Christian lead- ers in Asia, following the Interna- this end-mass evangelism, social tional Missionary Council at Jerusa- evangelism, religious literature and lem, Dr. John R. Mott expresses the education.

conviction that "from an economic 7. We must work for a thorough point of view, the world is in a very and unhurried evaluation of the Mass grievous state." He suggests the fol- Movements. In India 90% of the lowing twelve missionary projects for present Protestant churches are the the Christian Church which, to his product of this movement. It is now mind, should deeply concern every influencing the castes and more than missionarY statesman. These twelve 10,000 of the upper castes have beprojects, which are closely related to come Christians while as many more the deliverance of the Jerusalem con· are in process of preparation. ference, may be briefly stated as fol- 8. We must produce more and bet- lows: ter Christian literature in all these 1. We must seek to coordinate mission lands. The amount available clearly the highest Christian thought for the clergy and educated youth is of the East and the West as to the inadequate in virtually every field.

true World Mission of Christianity. We should discover and release the 2. We must unite in the world-wide ablest writers for this work and proclamation of the Christian Mes- should together devise more adequate sage of the New Testament and its im- means for the publication and distriplications, as so clearly expressed at bution of this literature. The book Jerusalem. stores of the Orient are well stocked 3. We must disseminate the defi- with non-Christian literature but there nitely Christian ideas and ideals of is scarcely any Christian literature in religious education in all the churches evidence. We must solve this problem at home and abroad. interdenominationally.

4. We must cooperate to promote 9. We must augment the force of the distinctly Christian educational trained, spiriitual Christian leaders. program in all the missionary work Every mission land is calling for more of the Church. missionaries of the highest possible 5. We must promote understanding qualification, those who have experi- and cooperation between the younger enced the divine call. But the number and the older churches. of national youth who will sacrificially 6. We must have a larger, more ef- give themselves to this work should fective program of evangelism. The be enormously augmented. Their troubles through which Christians preparation must be thoroughly have been passing in the mission studied. The curricula of every theo- fields have prepared the way. "We logical school should be reviewed. must not only see the opportunity but 10. We must liberate a vastly we must sieze it." In China they have greater force of lay workers. The inaugurated their "Five Year Pro- strongest laymen in America and 854 England should realize their unique distress however is God's opportunity. responsibility and opportunity. We Man's perplexity is God's challenge.••• must mobilize them for service. Distressed Japan is a humble Japan. 11. The West and the East, the Perplexed Japan is a challengeable Jaolder, and the younger churches, the pan. Self-satisfaction and pride are nationals of different lands must learn disappearing. The sound of the breakhow to share their visions, their in- ing away of the husks of the Nation's sight, their burdens, their experience, thinking and of its life echoes gloomily their resources and the deepest things far and near. . . . of life, as well as those that come by revelation from God. The birth-pangs of a new Japan! The violent birth-quickening of the Kingdom 12. We must strengthen the Na- of God in Japan is on. The time is at tional Christian Councils. There are hand. The Kingdom of God is near. fourteen now in the "sending coun- The time has come for repentance and tries" and fourteen in the "receiving for consecration to the task of spreading countries" that are cooperating in the the Gospel. International Missionary Council. The thought life, life as a whole, This is a program that may well politics, education, industry, everything challenge the attention of the Church in Japan must be brought under God's and of every Christian. The Warld direct control. Through Christlike J ap- Mission of Christianity has scarcely anese, a Christlike .Tapan must be begun to be' fulfilled. It will not be brought to the birth. To transform this accomplished until every man and vision into reality we must increase the woman on earth has had an opportu- present two hundred and fifty thousand nity to hear the message of new life Christians to a round million. Numerthrough Christ and until the followers als are void of power but there is of Christ are exemplifying in their strength in numbers. . . . characters and lives, in their institutions and habits, the spirit and teach- We believe that one million Christians ings of Jesus Christ as recorded in will make possible the Christianization the New Testament. The Church of of Japan's public opinion and conscience Christ must be satisfied with nothing and realize through the Church a really less than living the ideals and full Christianized Japan. Every Christian program of Christ. a soul winner, winning one soul a year and thus in three years quadrupling the The Campaign in Japan number of Christians, this is the pro- gram of the Kingdom of God Campaign. T HE Christian forces in Japan are being mobilized for the Million A Foward Movement in China Souls Movement. Ten thousand copies of a prospectus setting forth THE Church of Christ in China has the plans will be sent out among the been very much affected by the dif- Japanese churches and Christians, and copies of an English translation ficulties and unrest of China during will be available for missionaries and others interested in the campaign. the last few years, asserted Dr. C. Y. The next step is to get it into the minds and hearts and into the prayers Cheng, Moderator of the United and purposes of every pastor and every Christian in the land. Church of China and Secretary of the The prospectus says in part: China National Christian Council, Japan the land of the gods, God's who recently made an address to miscountry! This is our prayer, our slogan, our goal. Our Japan is in distress. sionary leaders in New York. He said Our Japan has lost her way. Man's that political changes, activities of communists, the intellectual changes and the anti-Christian movement, especially among the younger student classes, have all left their mark on the Church. Some of these effects are good. There is less self-complacency and more humble seeking after im- provement and for guidance. There is a realization as to wherein the Church has failed and an increased emphasis on essentials.

On the other hand, the disturbed conditions and the wave of radical

thought has had its evil effects. There the conviction that their religion is a are sections of the Church that do not life and death matter they must go seem to have been touched by the revo- out to actively evangelize. This is true lution and such groups are a hindrance for all Christians, whether their reguto progress. Others have allowed lar work is evangelistic or not. The themselves to be too much swayed doctor and the teacher must realize by recent thought and events. Some that they are as truly evangelists as among the younger element have even the preacher. It is a movement to gone so far as to advocate discarding enlist men and women in upholding, the Church and organized religion, improving, enriching and utilizing while still affirming their allegiance the Christian Church in order that it to Christ. There is a general lack of may be more efficient. Too often even spiritual growth which gives cause for those most able to help have a tendconcern and a sense of depression. ency to draw away from the Church. Many feel an uncertainty growing With all its inefficiencies, the Church out of this sense of failure that is has not been equalled by any other paralyzing to progress. organization or combination of organ- izations in its power for good in If the Church does not quickly do China, said Dr. Cheng. We must try something to help this situation, Dr. to remove its imperfections so that it Cheng believes that its very life will may better perform the tasks for be threatened. The "Five – Year which it is intended. Because of the Movement" is the answer to the deep- serious situation at the present time, felt need on the part of native Chris- it is felt necessary to concentrate our tian leaders and missionaries as ex- forces in one united effort for a defipressed in the regional conferences nite period of five years but it is con· recently held in nearly all parts of fidently expected that the impetus China. The idea, introduced in these gained during this time will go on. conferences, was at once unanimously taken up because it was what all felt Dr. Cheng requested the older to be most needed. This is the gen- churches of America and Europe to eral desire and hope and prayer of the engage in intelligent, earnest, con- Chinese Church as a whole. stant prayer on behalf of the move- ment. He also asked for an increase The aim of the Five-Year Movement in the number of Christian workers, (1930-1934) is to build up the mem- both the general missionaries, and bership of the Church, but at the same specialists on certain lines, such as time to make sure that each new mem- religious education, rural work, theober really understands what it means logical training, industry, etc., who to be a follower of Jesus Christ. All would come out for limited periods. the Christian agencies are asked to There is a great need for such exwork together with this in view. Five perts to help China. The Chinese regional conferences, as well as the Church is poor-it needs money; but National Christian Council and the it needs more than anything else, the Church of Christ in China, have voted gift of men-men who come with to adopt this program in all serious- evangelistic zeal even though they ness. may never preach. The National Christian Council also hopes that In addition to the effort to greatly some special help may be given in the increase the numerical membership of financing of this five-year program. the Church and to educate these new This movement, if it is to be taken up members in the understanding of seriously, will require more workers. what it means to be a disciple of In the field of literature much must he Jesus, the movement, as interpreted done. This is a movement in which by Dr. Cheng, represents a great the older and younger churches can striving for renewed spiritual fire in well cooperate. the Church-for an outpouring of evangelistic zeal. If Christians get

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Youth Movements in Europe vincial and colonial towns to fight against immorality. They are not NOT all the "Flaming Youth" are satisfied merely to protest against li- bent on the destruction of old centious literature and plays, cinemas, standards and entire freedom from etc., but are attacking one of the chief moral restraint. Many signs indicate causes of immorality, namely the ina reaction and a rising in the inter- sufficient salaries paid to women and ests of idealism among the youth of girls. Young women's groups affiliated many lands. Multitudes oppose all with the "Voix des Jeunes" are to war and have joined pacifist societies. make an inquiry into the matter dur- Others are against all forms of im- ing the winter, in conjunction with perialism-so-called-and have joined the International Labor Office, which the Anti-Imperialistic League. has started a similar inquiry.

In connection with the recent In Italy a group of Protestant World Conference against Imperial- young men called "Knights of ism, a congress of you.ng men at Christ," has decided to fight against Frankfort – on – the – Main (Germany) immorality. After careful study they last July brought together some sixty have had 5,000 placards printed recyoung men from India, China, South ommending in words of St. Paul, America, Mexico, Korea, and other chastity, respect of human personality countries. Special attention was paid (especially of women). They have to Syria, Morocco and China and the gone out by twos to put these posters situation of young workers and young in most prominent places. The police peasants was carefully studied. interfered, but the magistrates found the young Knights not guilty. Unfortunately "Young Pioneers" of Russia are taught that they are ene- In America also, and in Asia Youth mies of the Boy Scout movement, movements have been formed to destarted some 21 years ago in England fend the Bible, to put into practice by Lord Baden-Powell, and now num- the teachings of Christ· and to adbering over 50,000 scouts from all vance morality, the spirit of brotherparts of the world. The Boy Scout hood and Christian missionary ac- "Jamboree" in England last summer tivity. brought together some 300,000 visitors and was a remarkable manifesta- Unrest in Palestine tion of International fellowship. THE little country, now known as At the same time a meeting of the Palestine, at the crossroads be- Socialist Youth in Vienna (July 12th tween Africa and Asia and almost to the 14th) brought together some next door to Europe, has always been 50,000 participants from a few coun- a scene of strife. Before the Israelites tries or central Europe. On the 16th conquered the land it was a battlefield of July the official delegates of the between many warring tribes. Egypt, National Movements of Socialist Assyria, Persia, Greece and Rome youth met for their 3d International later fought for its possession for po- Congress. It was stated that 220,718 litical and commercial advantage. members from 50 different countries Since the capture of Jerusalem by the belonged to it, but that France and followers of Mohammed the religious Great Britain had not as yet made motive has been added as a basis for adequate efforts for their national or- desiring possession, and for nearly ganizations. A program for the pro- fifteen hundred years Christians, Jews tection of young workers was formed and Moslems have contended for posin cooperation with the Trade Unions session of their sacred shrine. Jeruand the Socialist International. salem has been a bone of contention rather than an olive branch of peace. In France "La Voix des J eunes" is When General Allenby entered the getting together all the youth organizations in Par:s and in different pro-

city in 1917, the Christians regained improvements made under British control from the Turks but the Jews rule: Moslems, Jews and Christians were promised the opportunity to will all profit if they will learn to live realize their national ambition to en- together in harmony. The hope of Pal- joy Palestine as their ancestral home. estine is not, however, in the domina- This right has been the cause of dis- tion of anyone class or race or in the pute and contention with their Arab physical development of the country neighbors who outnumber them three but it is in the recognition of Him to one. All religions and nationalities who is the Prince of Peace and in have been enjoying equal rights under loyal submission to Jesus Christ whose the British Mandate but this does not right it is to reign.

satisfy the Mohammedans and as- saults upon the Jews have resulted. Church Union in Scotland The Rev. Malcolm M. Maxwell, of Jerusalem, writes to The Christian "NOTHERbreach in the Church of under date of August 30th: "We can- f t Christ was healed on October 1st, not yet see anything in the nature of when two other branches of this Body a national turning to Jesus Christ as were joined together through the their Messiah. But it may be signifi- union of the Established Church of cant that in many cases the Jews liv- Scotland and the United Free Church ing in the Holy City are painting up -both of them Scotch Presbyterian large cro~ses over their houses, in bodies. The "Wee Frees," as they are order to shelter under the sign of the popularly called, still stand aloof. At the final session of the United Cross. It may be that some of them Free Church Assembly only twentywill come to seek refuge under the two members, among the 500, voted to Blood of the Cross, which, until quite support an amendment proposing recently, they despised, and of which many of them had a superstitious "that this Assembly do not proceed to the consummation of the union dread." . Pictures of Jewish homes, on the with the Church of Scotland." Twenty door-posts of which have been painted years of debate and negotiation have crosses to protect the inmates, forcibly preceded this amalgamation which will rank as one of the biggest events remind us of the sprinkling of blood in Scotland since the disruption. on the door-posts of Jewish families in Egypt at the time of the Passover On October 2d, the two Assemblies to protect them against the angel of marched from their respective meeting death. places to St. Giles's Cathedral-unit- ing on the way-for a devotional serv- An anonymous proclamation, found ice. In the afternoon Dr. John White in Jerusalem during the recent upris- was elected as First Moderator and ing, called for a Holy War of the the Duke of York presented his com- Arabs to drive out the Jews. mission as Lord High Commissioner; and a letter from the King was read. The Arabs claim that their country has been divided and that the Jews The first assembly of the reunited have been unduly favored in political Church was held in the municipal appointments and other privileges. garage. The audience of 12,000 in- cluded the Archbishop of Canterbury, The Jews make ten demands on the Dr. Cosmo Gordon Lang, and his government including a commission of predecessor, Lord Davidson, of Laminquiry, security for Jews in all the beth, and several members of the govcities and colonies, the restoration of ernment. The moderators signed the property, fines on Arab villages, uniting act with the historic quill pen establishment of an armed Jewish with which the dissenting ministers police force to protect Jewish com- at the disruption in 1843 signed the munities.

Palestine has greatly benefited by act which created the breach. EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions ATTRACTIVE METHODS FOR to have something actively to do with TEACHING the.solution of any problem that affects the lives of human beings." "Jumping Beans"

By MAUDE E. BRADLEY Our Junior boys and girls are going MEXICO to enjoy "Jumping Beans." What a fascinating title to arouse the curios- Under the "Plan and Point of View" ity of those eager little people who with which the course is introduced are waiting anxiously for the "club" to the leader are many valuable sugto begin. And the title is not the (/lily interesting thing about this new book! The children will love the whole Sandoval family from father and mother, Manuel, Carmen, Elena, and baby Carlos, to Zoso, the burro, and Chini, the pig.

The book is in two sections; Part 1: Stories by Dr. Robert N. McLean, and Part 2: The course-worked out by Mabel Little Crawford. In the charming little stories, Dr. McLean introduces us to a Mexican Indian family in their Mexican home and then we follow them through varied experiences as they become migrant agricultural laborers in the southwestern part of our own great country.

Delightful as are the stories in themselves, their real value will be best brought out by using them as part of the suggested course. This course may be adapted easily to various groups-church school classes, mission bands, clubs, week-day classes, daily vacation Bible schools, etc.

Miss Crawford says: "The aim of such a course is not to furnish children of nine, ten, and eleven with ready-made opinions on social or economic problems, but rather to make them conscious that there are problems, that there are two sides to the problems, and that Christianity ought 859 gestions which will save the leader right. Two or three white pages may much time and effort in preparation be inserted and fastened with yarn, for the sessions. Some of these sug- ribbon or white string colored with gestions follow – "Materials Needed crayon. On the cover draw four or for the Course, Activities, Making a five bands of varied widths and color Map, Making Notebooks, Writing with orange, blue, red and black. Letters, Making a Mexican Village, Across upper left corner, color nar- Preparing a Mexican Meal, Dramati- rower bands. Print "MEXICAN zation, Service Activities, Summary WORDS" in black crayon in remainof Preparation to be Made by the ing space. Before the stories are Leader." Then follow specific pro- told write Mexican words on the grams for each session. blackboard or large sheet of paper, with translation, and let children copy The course is so well worked 'Out them in their notebooks. In this way, that, taken just as it is printed, no they will assemble quite an Englishleader should have difficutly in pre- Mexican dictionary. senting it. Perhaps a few suggestions which were worked out this summer Have you ever helped a group of while a small group of children were children make their own little hymn enjoying the course will be of further books? One society in Lancaster, Pa., help. did this and it was a great success. Use lightweight colored construction Make invitations for the first meet- paper for covers and plain white ing in the shape of a big sombrero of paper for the pages. Let the children white paper colored with yellow crayon copy words of hymns which they sing or of yellow Tonal paper. Touch up at meetings. with lines of orange and black crayon. Inside, write or print, "You are Another attractive booklet is made invited to come to the church next Fri- of yellow or orange paper, size 3ljz day at four o'clock to meet the Sando- by 12 folded double to make cover val family from Mexico." These invi- 37'2 by 6. Tie with yarn at the top tations could be given to the Juniors to hold inside pages in place. Print at the close of the church school ses- "MEXICO" in colored crayon at top sion or could be mailed. Do you real- and paste silhouette of sombrero cut ize what it means to a Junior to re- from black paper at bottom of cover. ceive a real-honest-to-goodness letter or invitation through the mail ? It is Children will enjoy making articles worth many times the value of a post- from clay modeling material. Hang age stamp. up a lot of pictures around the room showing scenes from Mexican home Why not enlist some of the Junior or village life. Point out certain artior Senior High art students to help cles which might be made in miniature with this part of the preparatory in clay. Then leave the children to work? Almost every church, whether their own initiative in carrying on small or large, urban or rural, has one the work. Results will be surprisingly or more young people with artistic successful. The group mentioned ability. Do use them! Invite them to above made an adobe, stools, tables, give of their talent to Christ's pro- crude fireplace, kitchen utensils, burro, gram! pig, sombrero, etc.

Children love to make little booklets. The Everyland Picture Series on "Jumping Beans" offers many possi- "Mexicans in the United States," 25 bilities in this line of handwork. To cents, published by the Everyland make a Mexican blanket or sarape Press, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York notebook, fold a sheet of 9 by 12 yel- City, may be used in many ways to low paper through the center and then make the course interesting. again, making a double cover, 47'2" by 6". Place the folded edges at left and There are twenty-four pictures with top; the open ones at bottom and printed captions underneath. Have the Juniors mount these separately on

METHODS FOR WORKERS

colored construction paper. Then cut formed again at opposite sides of them up into "jig-saw" puzzles. This room. At the striking of a cord on can be done with scissors in two ways. piano the lines break and go across Make a simple puzzle by cutting the room, each child trying to find the picture into five or six horizontal or child who has the other part of her vertical strips. A more elaborate picture. puzzle may be made by cutting the picture into a number of irregular OHRISTMAS PAGEANTS sized pieces. Do not make too many pieces. Place each puzzle in an en- By MARVIM M. WALTERS velope and on the outside write or print-"Mexican Puzzle-Number of The very best and most effective pieces." Very pretty envelopes may Christmas pageants the writer has be made of wall paper to contain the seen were those created from locbi puzzles. Let the children decide what surroundings and put on in that one they shall do with the completed puz- spot for which they were written or zles. Hospitals, shut-ins, sick club played. members, orphan asylums, etc., may be suggested by the leader. Pageantry consists largely of four main elements-namely, color, music, Another way in which to use the pic- free dialogue, and pantomime. Christture set is as a game. The leader mas pageantry should of course have should cut out each picture with its a Christmas theme. explanatory text. Number each picture. Mount on colored construction Many think it is hard to give pagpaper or lightweight cardboard. eants. We have not found it so, Mount the printed texts but do not especially after we stopped putting too number. Pin the pictures up around much into it. the room. Line the children up and give each one a printed slip. When a Get three or four vital, progressive bell rings they are to go around look- ideas and work them into a musicing at the pictures and find the one color skein, putting into the pageant which they think fits their printing. characters who like to do their parts. Each child stands by his or her picture and at the end of a short time "Christmas in Every Land" turned the bell is rung again and the leader out to be one of the finest pageants decides how many have made the cor- we ever put on. We spent some four rect decision. weeks studying national customs, dress ideas, national airs and tradi- A good way to "break the ice" at tions. We worked in as many nathe first meeting is to use the pictures tions as we were equipped to do– in the following partner contest. England, France, Germany, China, Mount the pictures on light cardboard India, America, and several others. or heavy paper and cut into two pieces. For all the countries we represented The printed matter is mounted with we procured flags or made them from the picture. Place all the left sides chart descriptions found in an unof puzzles in one pile on a table at abridged dictionary. For those who front of room and all the right sides contemplate putting on such a pagin another pile at other side of table. eant I would suggest free use of un- Let the Juniors choose sides and line abridged dictionaries and standard up on opposite sides of room. When a encyclopedias. Articles dealing with march is played the two lines march various countries, together with charts around until they meet and then they of national colors, will give many come forward double breast to the hints. table. Here they separate again, each child taking up a piece of picture from Don't make your plan too big or too the designated pile. The lines are complete, but let the pageant be as suggestive and dramatic as possible. Make use of Christmas solos, carols, and anthems. The Christmas theme is abundantly expressed in good music.

A MISSIONARY CHRISTMAS PLAY would gladly help if I could but I For Union Home and Foreign Mis- think you will have to go elsewhere sionary Societies. this time."

If given with a generous amount of DEACONESS :-"If you only knew action, it is unusually effective. one of the families there. The mother died recently leaving a family of six Christmas Pageant children; the oldest a girl of four- (Woman sitting at table doing up teen, tries to keep house and mother the last of her Christmas presents. the other five children. The father Bundles and boxes are all about her.) works hard, when he can get work but his pay is small. A good dinne; MRS. SHOPPER:-"Well, well, I am and a few presents would do much toglad that job is about done. My list ward making them feel the true spirit of people to whom I give presents of the Holy Christmas Day." grows longer every year and it is so hard to please them and find some- MRS. SHOPPER:-"I am truly more thing they do not already have. sorry than I can tell you, but I simply Really Christmas is getting to be a can't help this year. It is too late for burden. I am so tired by the time the I have overspent my allowance for day arrives that I do not enjoy it. I Christmas and will be in debt for some sometimes wonder if this is not the time before I can pay for all my wrong way to celebrate." gifts."

(Just tkBn a knock is heard. She DEACONESS: – "Well, good-bye! I goes to the door and admits a deacon- hope you may be able to help next ess, who says:) year."

DEACONESS :-"My dear Mrs. Shop- MRS. SHOPPER (sits at table thinkper, we are spending Christmas Eve ing aloud) :-"1 should like to have trying to collect a few more dollars to given something, but I just could not. help in our celebration of Christmas I do believe it would have been better at the S. S. S. You know we have so if I had bought less expensive things many foreigners and colored people in and had a little left for those poor that part of the city. children. It rather worries me as I think about them. I believe I will "During the past year, many of the read a while and perhaps get my mind men have had scarcely any work at off them." all. The families are large and in many cases two or three families have (Sits doum to read and presently moved together and are living in three falls asleep and dreams.) or four rooms. They need food and Spirit of ChristJllas clothes and heat. Added to these nec- (Enter Spirit of Christmas. Peoessary things, we are asking for ple fro:m America and many foreign money-just a little from each per- countnes show what Christmas and son, to give them a little Christmas the Christ-child mean to them.) cheer. (Enter Moslem woman (veiled).) "We have our kindergarten children, and other classes that the chil- SPIRIT OF CHRISTMAS :-"This is a dren attend-also the colored women's Moslem woman from Algiers."

club and the foreign women's club. MOSLEM WOMAN :-"1 am supposed Many of them will have no Christmas to be happy because I was married at unless we give it to them. thirteen years of age and have never "Will you not try to put a bit of been divorced. But we do not know joy into their lives as you, too, are happiness as you Christians know it.

celebrating the birth of the Christ- I cannot sew or read, and hear only child, Christmas Day?" coarse, vile talk from my neighbors MRS. SHOPPER:-"I am sorry but I and friends. I am an obedient wife have spent all my available money. I and attend to all my religious duties,

METHODS FOR WORKERS

observing the hours of prayer, repeat- baskets and beadwork. We do not hate ing the words in a language I do not the white man now for he is teaching understand, hoping to be rewarded by us a better way to live, and when at being allowed to be one of my hus- Christmas time, we meet with God's band's seventy slaves in his heavenly people to celebrate the birth of His paradise. 1 attend the mosque, sitting Son, we, too, can sing: behind a screen where I can neither Hark! the herald angels sing, see nor be seen, or understand the Glory to the new-born King; Peace on earth, and mercies mild, service; I observe faithfully all fast God and sinners reconciled! days, but these do not satisfy the Joyful all ye nations, rise, cravings of my religious nature. We Join the triumph of the skies; long in vain for something that will With the angelic host proclaim give us peace and happiness." Christ is born in Bethlehem."

(Enter l!merican Indian woman.) (Enter 0 Tomo San, Japanese SPIRIT:-"And now comes a dusky woman.) maiden from the land of Hiawatha SPIRIT :-"Here is a young mother who will tell her story." who will tell you what the Christ INDIAN WOMAN :-"1 come of a means to her."

race which once ruled this fair land. o TOMO SAN :-"1 have always been But one day, long, long ago, the white religious but until recently it was the men, who were stronger than we came religion of darkness and superstition.

and took our land away from us. They Many dark nights my husband and took our hunting grounds and drove 1 visited shrine after shrine set in the us on reservations they had set aside. gloomy groves. We took our little Our lands made the white man rich; offerings of rice and fish and per- and piece by piece we gave up to them formed the only worship we knew, the woods and fields that had been but there was no response in our souls.

ours for hundreds of years. We were Were the gods satisfied? Had they ignorant and at the mercy of every heard our prayers? There were so white trader. They taught my peo- many gods-were there any that had ple to drink fire-water and to gamble. been omitted, and who might wreak "My grandmother was a Princess their vengeance on our poor home?

and I was born in a tepee, because my Alas! we could not tell; there was no father hated the white man's ways of way of finding out. In spite of all living. He never forgave the people these night pilgrimages-in spite of who took our lands from us and died innumerable little wooden tablets pur- of a broken heart. chased at the temples, insuring bless- "Then I was taken sick and a beau- ing of all kinds-in spite of slips of tiful woman, a missionary, came to paper bearing pictured gods and pray with me and nurse me back to charms of all sorts, guaranteed to health. She told me of a Saviour who keep off all spirits-still misfortunes was born on Christmas Day and who had followed one another in quick suc- was God's great gift to the world. cession. To cure my husband of tooth- She said He loved the Red Man, too. ache, 1 vowed to abstain for three Teach us more about the Great Spirit years from eating natto, my favorite of the Paleface. Take us to your food. Before the three years were up, schools-deal with us fairly. we moved away from this town. Hence "The white man robbed us of our I was unable to revisit the shrine with lands and traditions and left in their an offering of natto, which would have place the vices of civilization. We released me from the vow, so I· still want a share of the better things- could not touch it. Similarly, to cure we want to be lifted up by the Great one of my children, we covenanted not White Spirit and your God-man-the to eat crabs.

Christ. Then we w1l till the soil and "One day I attended a mothers'

make for you our beautiful blankets, meeting at the Christian kindergarten.

This led to other meetings and my and they'd train my gals right. So husband and I learned the Jesus doc- we picked cotton all summer till our trine. Then arose the question-what fingers bled and got a little m~mey­ to do with the idol shrines in the but not much. house. At first we closed the doors of the shrine and turned them around "But somehow the spirit of Jesus with their faces to the wall, but some- Christ just opens the pocketbooks of how, this did not prove very satisfac- some of them northern white people, tory. So we decided to sell them, but and you can go to them schools withit did not seem quite the thing to out much money. We walked twelve make money on our discarded gods. miles to a railroad station-we hadn't We finally burned them with all the never seen railroad cars before and I wooden tablets and paper charms. felt kind 0' skeered to let them gals get on and be jerked away so fast you Outwardly our circumstances re- couldn't say bood-bye; But they said mained unchanged, but how different they wasn't skeered; that they'd go everything seems, since turning to through fire to get there. God in obedient faith, and committing everything to Him, a complete change "Araminty has learned to be a nurse has come over our hearts and all the oyer a: Jacksonville and Arabella is old unrest has disappeared. As for goin' to teach school and they ain't gomyself I seem to have lost all fear. I ing to marry any no 'count niggers used to be so afraid of the dark, but neither. We got a real Christmas tree now I feel so perfectly safe every- and all the other colored children for where. The other day I ate some miles around are comin' to celebrate. natto and it tasted good. We are go- We won't have many presents, but ing to enjoy the crabs when they come we'll have a mighty good time. Arain, too. It seems so strange to be so bella has taught them lots of Christfree. Everytime I hear the Gospel, I mas songs, she learned at school-but feel ashamed of myself for not having the one I like best is the one about earlier trusted in Jesus. So you can Glory to God in the Highest, Peace on see why we love to celebrate the Earth, Good Will Toward Men." Christ-child's birthday as a Holy Day." (Enter Chinese Girl.) (Exit.) SPIRIT :-"This child is a member of our Christian school and lives in (Enter Negro woman.) the compound with the missionary and SPIRIT :-"The Negro race has been she is very happy to tell you .of their a special study for our people. Let Christmas." our colored friend tell us how our missionary homes have taught them the GIRL:-"To us Christmas Eve is the way to celebrate Christmas. night of nights. After dinner we had NEGRO WOMAN:-"We are g'wine a musical program and then Santa to have a big Christmas at our house. Claus who is just the biggest, fattest, We live in a little shanty and we ain't jolliest person you can imagine came got no money to count on. But our riding in on a tiny donkey. Our gals Araminty and Arabella have come Christmas tree was beautiful and we home from that school at Jacksonville, thought it was even prettier as the Florida, about fifty miles from here, gifts began to disappear from it and where they got all kinds of larnin'. appear in our hands. The next day at "Myoid man said, 'Don't you send ten o'clock, we attended the little them gals away to no school-they'll Christmas entertainment in the jest get a lot of fool notions in their church. Then followed the Chinese heads and then like as not come home feast when we Chinese and Americans and marry some no 'count nigger.' ate together in good fellowship to cele- But I 'lowed as how them missionaries brate Christ's Birthday. had the love of God in their hearts "After this, we attended the little play given at the girls' school. It was 'The Birds' Christmas Carol.' Then

METHODS FOR WORKERS

came the best of all, the real Christmas ye about towns and rivers and mounfeast for the girls, when we had meat tains). While she was talkin', I jest and vegetables. And you know we thought my heart'd stop beatin', 'cause have these only twice a year in the I got bluer and bluer 'cause I knowed girls' school-on Christmas and New we didn't have no money but Glory Be Years. The rest of the time we eat -she said we didn't need much money black and yellow beans, rice and Chi- 'cause the missionary societies furnese bread. nish most everything. When she said that I got so excited I nearly let the "We closed our day with the singing twins fall off my lap. So Melissa went of carols and went to bed, very, very to school. And we are so proud of happy girls." that gal. She just larned everything. There ain't nothin' she don't know (Exit.) about sewin', cookin', keepin' house and everything. (Enter Mountaineer woman.) SPIR.IT :-"This woman is one of our "Do you wonder we want to celenative-born Americans whose daugh- brate Christmas, the day when Christ ter owes her life to the home mission- was born? Melissa said He came to ary school." save the world, and that means us poor MOUNTAINEER.:-"Well, I just want white folks way down here in the to tell yer, I'm glad it's Christmas mountains." time cause it gives me an excuse for celebratin'. I'm jest bubblin' over (Enter Hindu Bible woman.) with joy. You know I got a gal, Me- SPIRIT :-"A Hindu Bible woman lissa, who goes to that school down at will tell you of the celebration of Boaz. I never had any eddication and Christmas in a mission schooL" neither did her pa and sometimes HINDU BIBLE WOMAN:-"I am a when we'd git newspapers wrapped Bible woman trained in a Woman's round things at the store and couldn't Foreign Missionary School in India, read nary a word of the print on 'em, and I want to tell you just a little I would jest natchery cry and worry of Christmas in India. The flowers 'cause I didn't see any way but to jest in the garden of the mission compound let my young uns grow up as ignorant are blooming luxuriantly – cannas, as I was. roses, phlox and cosmos. It is not "We was awful poor and me and the Christmas weather as you know it, two gals only had one pair of shoes with snow and the jingle of sleighbetween us. And one day when we bells. But the girls in our school and were workin' barefoot in the cornfield the mothers in some of the homes a woman with a pretty face and the where I visit and teach, know that sweetest voice, came riding up and tomorrow we are celebrating the birth said, 'Howdy. Can I come in and sit of the Christ-child, and realize more a spell? I want to talk to you about deeply that many in America, what a school over to Boaz where we can His coming to earth has brought to take at least one of your girls.' Well their lives. that beat me and we laid down our "Tomorrow at nine we shall have a hoes and went inside our shanty. Qur church service and then the celebrapreacher up on the ridge had told her tion for the children. Thanks to the 'bout us. I didn't know where Boaz boxes received from Christian Amerwas-'cause we didn't know nothing ica-we can make all the children about anything on tother side of the happy. One Standard Bearer Commountain. pany has sent us a box filled with rag "She said it was the Rebecca Mc- dolls and how the girls love them. Cleskey School and was kept by some Then from a Kings Herald Band we folks up North. She said they would have tops and marbles for the boys teach my gal to read and write and and candy for all the children. How she'd larn rithmetic (that teaches ye those little brown faces will shine as to count), and gography (that teaches 4

we tell them that someone in America last Christmas when we people of the loves them and is willing to sacrifice village were invited there, too. The a little of her own pleasure that teachers surely had a time to make all Chrismas joy may reign in far away the costumes and train sixty children India. in song. The thirty little girls were all dressed in white and after Christ- "At four in the afternoon we will mas these little dresses and skirts have the tea for Indian Christians. were put away to be kept clean for They sit in the church compound, the Easter. They had a Christmas enwomen and children on one side and tertainment on Christmas Eve and I the men on the other. The school chil- wish you might have heard their songs dren will present tableaux and songs and pieces. of the Christmas story and we will live again that first Christmas Day. There "The children were up at 5: 30 will be gifts at this service for each Christmas morning and there was a family: clothing, towels, soap and big tree and Santa Claus was dancing other things, that are luxuries to us, around the tree jingling sleigh bells but commonplace to you. And each to call the children down stairs. You will go home happy, filled with Christ- never saw such a commotion. There mas peace." was something for each one-the little girls got tiny wash boilers and little (Enter Eskimo.) green skillets and the boys got balls SPIRIT:-"And here is an Eskimo and fish-hooks and other trinkets and woman from the ice-bound shores of all got apples, oranges and candy. A the Yukorf. She will tell you how glad big box arrived from the States and she is that no cold is so intense that in that were some presents for the it can keep back the messengers of the missionaries and some things for the King, who have made possible a joy- Home they had been praying for. ous Christmas. ESKIMO :-"1 come from Alaska, a "The children took their presents land where it is always cold. In many and formed in line and had a parade parts, the ground never thaws. The all over the Home-they were led by people are very, very poor and some- a band (six children playing on combs times families and even whole villages and one beating a pan for a drum) starve to death. The men are miners, and then games and a good dinner. sealers, whalers and sailors. They live in small huts and stop up all the "Say, you've never seen a Christcracks to keep out the cold and have no mas, if you haven't seen one at the chance for fresh air. Jessie Lee Home." "The woman of the home is often the beast of burden because the old (Enter girl from England.) chief says that she can do twice as SPIRIT :-"In England their Christmuch as a man. mas celebration is all centered around "The one bright spot in that frozen their Yule-log, which is supposed to land is the Jessie Lee Home at Un- burn from Christmas Eve to New alaska. There are sixty boys and Year's Day. Round this gather all the girls in that home. Some are orphans family and relatives and make merry and some have been deserted by their together." parents and some are too poor to live (Girl Speaks foUowing poem, then any other place. The missionaries gOBS out.) lead lonely lives away from all their friends but they are doing a wonder- AT CHR1STMAS TIME ful work not only for the children in school and the sick in their hospital, At Christmas time the fields are white, but for all the people in the village. And hill and valley are bedight "Christmas time is the greatest time With snowy plendor, while on high of all the year. I will tell you about The black crows Bail athwart the sky, Mourning for summer days gone by At Christmas time.

At Christmas time the air is chill, And frozen lies the babbling rill;

METHODS FOR WORKERS

While sobbingly the trees make moan our customers so we can make money For leafy greeness once their own. to buy you all good warm clothes like For blossoms dead and birdlings flown. American children wear.

At Christmas time. "Your brothers, ever since they have been big enough, have helped their At Christmas time we deck the hall father in the bakery. They carry in With holly branches brave and tall, the great trays from the oven, make With sturdy pine and hemlock bright change and deliver cakes and tonight And in the Yule-log's dancing light they will work 'till 10, 11, 12 o'clock We tell old tales of fields and fight that the Christmas dinner tables will serve our little cakes, rich with At Christmas time. raisins and sugar or the round cakes filled with jelly as red as the holly At Christmas time we pile the board berries. With flesh and fruit and vintage stored, And mid the laughter and the flow "They are such good boys, too. We tread a measure soft and slow, They try to learn in school, but they And kiss beneath the mistletoe are only immigrants and the other boys never invite them to join in their At Christmas time. games or clubs or Boy Scouts or any- thing. We try to be good citizens- 0, God the Father of us all to be honest and to worship the Christ List to the lowliest creature's call: we have learned about. But Oh, we Give of Thy joy to high and low" are so lonely! Comforting the sorrowing in their woe: Make wars to cease and love to grow "I look out of the window and see the happy faces-people hurying home At Christmas time. with arms full of bundles-friends meeting and smiling and wishing each Let not one heart be sad today; other a Merry Christmas, but no one May every child be glad and gay; thinks of us. We have each other- Bless Thou Thy children great and small. God be praised! But we do so long to And may each soul keep festival hear a friendly voice and to know that some one in all this land thinks of us At Christmas time. at Christmas time.

(Enter Mrs. Chzerney – a Bohe- "But listen! I hear children singing mian.) Christmas carols. They are coming nearer and nearer. Can it be they are SPIRIT: – "Here we have Mrs. coming to us 1" Chzerney, One of the immigrants, who have come to our shores. Let us hear (Carol in distance.) what Christmas means to her." (Two children who have been sing- ing off stage enter and give presents MRS. CHZERNEy:-"What a dreary, to Mrs. Chzerney and her two chi!- lonely Christmas Eve, my children! dren.) We are living in a Christian land, but not one of Christ's people ever says a GIRL WHO HAS BEEN SINGING SAYS: friendly word or reaches out a friendly -"We bring to you these little gifts hand. to make you feel you are living in a land among Christ's people and to wish "Over in Bohemia, the Christmas you a Merry Christmas." bells are ringing tonight and that is still home to me. MRS. CHZERNEy:-uGod is good to "We came here, my children, because us and all is well." we heard that in this country, you (Enter-Bedoin boy and girl tomight have a chance. But I guess we'll never be anything but just that gether.) 'German baker – Chzerney – and his family.' We have to work so hard, too. SPIRIT: – "These are Bedoin chil- We brought with us receipts for Bo- dren whose home is a tent in the wide. hemian Christmas cakes that have wide desert of Arabia. been baked by our people for hundreds of years and have been served to kings.

"Everybody wants our Christmas cakes this year and we have worked day and night to bake enough for all

(Boy wearing on head white cloth follow the rugged path from Jerusacap—only other dress visible is loose lem, once trodden by the wise men bro'Um coat hanging below knees-legs from the East who sought the newand feet bare.) born King in his manger cradle. We enter the city of Bethlehem and plod Boy:-HMy name is Achnet and this up the hill till we reach the eastern is my sister Fatima. We live where brow of the ridges. On the south side it is always warm and the sun shines. is one of the oldest Christian build- We have never seen it rain. Our home ings in the world, the Church of the is a tent on an oasis and when the Nativity. The entrance to the church springs dry up we move on to another is so low that one stoops to enter. We one. Our food is chiefly meat, cakes pass through the nave of the church to and dates and goat's milk. I have a the sanctuary, then down a flight of little colt, which lives in the tent with narrow stone steps to the cavern. me. When we are both older I hope he will carry me to the city where A silver star is set into the pavement people do not Jive in tents. When we surrounded by the inscription, which travel, we use camels, putting our tents translated is, 'Here of the Virgin and all our household utensils on their Mary Jesus Christ was born.' Above backs and we travel mostly before day- in the recess, hang many lamps of light as it is too hot during the day- gold and silver, which burn continuwe sleep then." ally. Pilgrims by scores and hundreds throw themselves on the pavement to FATIMA:-HWe never have to worry kiss the stones. The beautiful digniwith copy books and numbers as the fied service is held at midnight and it little American children do, but Oh, stirs the emotions. we have to work so hard even little as I am. 1 have to gather firewood and (Enter woman to tell Christmas churn butter by shaking it backward story.) and forward in a goatskin. Then my mother and father beat me for slight SPIRIT :-HListen, you are about to offenses, which would be all right for hear a Christmas story." my brother to do but then, I am only a girl. Won't you send someone to tell Use "Why the Chimes Rang," or any us of the love of Jesus, which makes other suitable one. At its close carols mothers love their girls as well as are heard outside. Spirit goes off as their boys ?" carols begin.

(Exit.) (At end of carols Mrs. Shopper (Enter woman from Jerusalem.) wakes with a stfLrt.) SPIRIT:-HNow that Jerusalem is again in the hands of Christians we MRS. SHOPPER :-"1 must have gone are doubly interested in their celebration of the Festival of the Nativity." to sleep and those carols wakened me. WOMAN :_HIt is evening in J eru- What a dream I have had. It breaks salem, the stars come out, one by one; my heart when I think of the selfish the cool breeze comes in from the hills just as it did that beautiful night way 1 have spent Christmas. If the when the shepherds heard the first dear Lord grants me another year to Christmas hymn two thousand years live, 1 will show him that 1 have ago. learned how really to celebrate His HWe women take off our beautiful birthday in a way that I am sure will bead necklaces and bracelets, cover be more pleasing to Him, for He said, our garments with a white veil and in little companies join the great 'In as much as ye do it unto the least throng that is going to Bethlehem of these, ye do it unto me.' I know five miles away. All Christmas Eve pilgrims from all parts of the world now that the true joy of Christmas is in giving to His little ones, not only money but the service of a glad heart. I am going to call the Deaconess and go to her rescue at once."

(Close with Christmas carol in the distance.)

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS AND COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS WORLD DAY OF PRAYER-1929 the meeting was held in the home of a sick woman whose bed was spread on THEME: the floor in the corner and who took part in prayer and speaking. All were "That They All May Be One" impressed by the service and sent greetings to other women who were It has been a wonderful evening joined with them in prayer. Enthusi- astic reports of gatherings in the Mt. spent in reading scores and scores of Hermon district have been received. letters from many lands telling of the blessing and inspiration of the World We trust that as a result of these meet- Day of Prayer, February 15, 1929. It ings there will come new earnestness is becoming literally true that through in prayer and in working for nonprayer the "whole round earth" is be- Christian neighbors."

ing "bound by gold chains about the PERSIA feet of God." We have learned of meetings held in the following coun- "We planned for two services in Teheran (11 to 12 a. m. and 2 to 3 tries: p. m.), held in the prayer room, the assembly room of the Persian church. Japan Turkey Africa About 100 women attended each serv- ice and six nationalities were repre- China Syria Nova Scotia sented and had a part in the program -Armenians, Hebrews, Zoroastrians, Korea Hungary Canada Assyrians, Moslems, Americans-'all one now in Christ Jesus.' As far as Philippine Poland Alaska possible we followed the general pro- gram translated into Persian. In the Islands Germany United afternoon Fatima Khanum, one of the strongest converts from Islam, New Zealand Austria States gave an account of her conversion, which stirred to the depths all pres- Australia Switzerland Mexico ent. In the noon interval, 100 women sat down together to a simple dinner Siam France Brazil of rice, stew and bread, in the large room of the elementary school. All Burma Holland British India England Guiana Persia Scotland Hawaii There are possibly others from which we have not heard. In some lands the thought has been new and only a few small groups have met on that day, while in many other lands the observance is increasing rapidly each year. Beginning in the Orient it was true that "from the rising of the sun to the going down of the same,"

the Lord's name was praised.

Glimpses Into Many Praying Groups sat on the floor, which added to the informality and good cheer of the oc- It is painful to cull mere snatches casion. It meant much to us at the from letters and reports which scintillate with such intense interest. morning service to know that for sev- eral hours in the Far East our Chi- SYRIA nese and Japanese sisters had already "The program was translated into been lifting hearts and voices in Arabic. In many towns programs prayer and praise; it meant much at were distributed in homes the day be- the afternoon service to feel that in a fore the meeting and an invitation few hours women in America would given. At Judeideh the principal ex- gather and remember us in Persia. A cused the advanced class in high school great blessing was ours in getting toto attend the meeting. At Khiam gether and in sharing the larger fel- 869

lowship of the Christian women of been expressed to have such a meetour world." ing not only once a year but more often." "We observed the Day of Prayer meeting in the Armenian church at SCOTLAND 1: 30 p. m. It had previously been planned by a committee co:nposed of "The meetings were well attended three Armenian ladies, two Persian and inspiring. The hope was exladies and one missicnary. They se- pressed that another year more groups lected their own leaders, planning and might be formed to meet for prayer." carrying out details. We felt a close tie with our sisters the world over during NEW ZEALAND those three hours of prayer and meditation. We represented many different "Many reports have come in; each nationalities, Persians, Arme::Iians, Assyrians, Jews, Americans, all meet- one breathes a message of thanksgiving together as one in Christ Jesus. It was all conducted in Persian except ing for mighty uplift and blessing retwo prayers in Armenian and two or three hymns sung by the Armenians. ceived. Our prayer meeting, divided I wish you could have listened to them. As I was walking home with one of into three sessions, was an inspirathe Jewish women after the meeting, she said what an inspiration it had tion; we shall never have any trouble been to meet all together. One lady expressed a wish for a similar meet- in arranging for another. Representaing weekly. tives of eight denominations were "At the meeting in Hamadan on February 15, 1929, much time was present. The inspirational value was spent in prayer, asking God to establish His Church in this country, to evident to all and the hope was exraise strong revivals in the Persian land, and to give full freedom for pressed that simill.lr meetings would those who are converted from Islam, so that they may work freely for their be held." . country and people, and set free the women of Moslem lands. The meeting "As we took part in, the worldwide closed with new pledges of good will and promises to work for Christ in the bond of prayer, we felt we were one coming year." with the great unseen army of inter- HOLLAND cesso·rs in all lands, who are part of "I translated the program adapting it to the needs of our country. As it the same great human family, whose was the first time the Day was observed, we did not expect large re- need is God. Already we are planning sponse, so began with printing 500 programs. After a few weeks 5,000 for next year's meeting." had been distributed up and down the countryside. In 50 different places a These are but a few of the heartenmeeting W88 held. The way many ing messages which have come from women from different churches and walks of life have responded to this all over New Zealand-from cities, call seems to be a sign of real need, of which we were too little conscious country towns, and from the twos and before. In some places the wish has threes in faraway outposts.

AFRICA "We began preparations to observe the Day in the Cameroun over a month previous by giving to the teachers of the schools for women around the Sakbayeme, and to the leaders of morning prayers in the villages, the verses of Scripture that were to be said in unison, so that they might teach them to the women. One woman learned and prayed one of the prayers; another read the seventeenth chapter of John. Four school girls sang a quartette.

"At Nkona there were 250 women present. To quote the evangelist, 'They were very happy to be called with other women to pray.' They asked, 'Will there be another such meeting this year?'

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

"Another meeting was held across that Jesus said, 'Where two or three the river at 2 o'clock, as then the are gathered together in my name, women would have returned from there am I in the midst of them.' " their gardens and as the drum for the afternoon session of school beats they MEXICO could know definitely the time of day. About 150 women quietly gathered. ."The Day in Pueblo was most in- It seemed as if there was added dig- spiring, of great spiritual uplift. nity in their bearing. Consciousness 'That all may be one' was the thought that they were an integral part of the presented before the Throne of praying women of the world made Grace. Race, color, social position them forget their color, their feeling were forgotten as all knelt and poured of inferiority, forget themselves in out their hearts before the Lord." the thought that they were one with all God's children, praying for the "The Christian women of the Fedselfsame things, saying the same eral District held a union service in words, singing the same hymns. The the Balderas church. The program day brought blessing to each of us." was followed with all reverence. This service of communion with one an- "At Efulan many took part in the other and with our kind Heavenly meeting; all expressed appreciation Father made a deep impression upon that they had been remembered." us all, and in our hearts there was a feeling of holy joy." "We thank you for including us in this Day of Prayer. We have been CHINA very much helped by it. There were 687 women present at our meeting at "Our churches are not heated ordi- Okon." narily, but for this meeting at Shen- chow we arranged for three braziers "The program was condensed, of charcoal fire around which about 50 adapted and sent to mission stations women gathered. We had a baby orof all denominations in Sierra Leone; gan to help with the singing. On the 11 reports have been received. The walls were pictures of women and chil- Day was observed, no doubt, in other dren of other nations." places not reported. It was suggested that the offering be used for paying "At Kaifeng a continuous prayer school fees of children who would service was held from 7 a. m. to 7 p. otherwise be unable to come to school. m. Some fasted one or two meals of This suggestion was taken kindly and the day. We had some big problems the Bonthe women went the second to bring to God." mile in undertaking the support of a girl at Moyamba. The women of "It was most interesting to see the Sierra Leone are gradually coming interest the younger women took in into their heritage." the service in Peking. Everybody en- joyed working together for it and felt "We had a very fine service in Free- inspired by knowing they were a part town; the women responded so well of a great body of women all over the there was no pause between prayers. world meeting in prayer to God." Everyone Bang heartily. The pastor led in prayer and then the women "Four Chinese women at Weihsien prayed one after the other most earn- formed themselves into a committee. estly." They decided everything, even to what man should be invited to keep up the "With rocks as seats and the canopy fires in the large church building, of a mango tree between us and the what women should serve tea to those sky, three of us missionaries observed who would remain over for the afterthe World Day of Prayer near the noon meeting, and who should take peak of Mt. Leicester. Our attend- care of the children for the day. This ance was small, but we remembered latter was delegated to the husbands and some school girls. There has been a distinct growth in interest in

giving the Gospel to others since our gram was given in English, part in meeting. The collection was a good Visayan. We made our own posters one and was given to employ an extra and announced our meeting in the dif- Bible woman." ferent services for two weeks before the meeting. The women were seated "At least 200 women gathered for in groups in the chapel, each group the service at Hengchow. To make having its banner." more vivid the idea that women all over the world were joining at the INDIA same time in a great volume of prayer, a group of young school teachers and "Under the shade of palm and others worked out a simple pageant, shisam trees, the Christian women of each wearing the costume of a given Mainpuri met to pray. A very imnation. Each told something of the pressive part of the afternoon proprogress of Christianity in the coun- gram was the prayers for all nations, try she represented, followed by the last prayer being one of special prayer." thanksgiving for all mothers through- out the world who had dedicated their "The various churches united in one sons and daughters to the service of big union meeting here in Changsha. the Lord." We followed the program suggested; had many denominations represented, "The service was truly an impresas well as nationalities. Changsha sive one at Sangli; the women enhas a variety of missions. There are tered thoroughly into the spirit and English, Germans, Nor w e g ian s , thrill of the observance of being part Swedes, and Americans; all took part of what Christian women were doing on the program. A splendid spirit of all round the globe. The offering infellowship and unity was manifested; cluded not only money, but three live more than 300 people were present." chickens, some grain, some peanuts. We all felt greatly uplifted by this PHILIPPINES service."

"The Day was observed among the "The program was put into the ver- Tagalog speaking people. It was in- nacular, somewhat adapted to India. deed inspiring to see the response It has been printed in our vernacular which the churches made. The offer- paper, the Sahayak Patrika, which ings went for work in Africa. We circulates among about 40 missions in want the folks there to know that it India." was a joy for us to give and that this money is only a token of the love and "In Guntur we began the day in the interest for their work which was born Mangalamandiram with prayer and in our hearts on the World Day of closed it at the Y. W. C. A. with Prayer." prayer. The program prepared in Telugu was distributed. We had a "The Day was observed in Ilocos meeting at the hospital chapel at Norte and Sur provinces and offerings noon; there was one at the Stall taken for work which the churches in School at the same time. At the close these districts support in the moun- of the afternoon meeting I asked the tains among pagan tribes. From all women what message I should send reports the programs were very worth- you. They said in one voice, 'Send us while in all the churches where they material for next year without fail, as were held. New spiritual life was we liked this program very much.' " awakened in the hearts of many, a world-wide interest and vision." "Yesterday was another great day for Kodoli district. The fact that all "The Mothers' Club, Christian En- the world of Christian women were deavor societies, Bible school women, using the same hymns, same Scripture nurses from the hospital and the Lola- made a wonderful impression on our litas of Silliman took part in the serv- Indian sisters. The offering of money, ice at Dumaguete. Part of the pro-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

eggs, peanuts and Kaffir corn, was WORLD DAY OF PRAYER AT given for work in Tibet." KOllOLI. INDIA " 'The whole round earth' was certainly bound by gold chains about the that everyone who had part received feet of God' on the World Day of a special spiritual blessing. In Oliveira Prayer. Our little corner in Dehra our whole congregation came and took Dun, we earnestly hope, formed a very part and we felt the Spirit with us. golden link of that chain which united Although the women put it on, much us at the feet of God, where all are one propaganda was made for all-men, in Christ." women and children-to attend and it seemed the churches were full at one JAPAN hour or another on that day. It was fine to know the whole world was at "The programs were a great bless- prayer." ing to our work here, both last year and this. We had translated and BRITISH GUIANA adapted the program, and the women entered into the spirit of it with great "Our meeting here at New Amsterearnestness. It was a new, rich expe- dam was indeed wonderful. Since the rience to them, and they were enthusi- women here can not get out during astic over continuing to observe the the day, except on Sunday, we held a Day regularly." meeting on the evening of the 15th. It did not look very promising all that "Yesterday saw our first celebra- day, as it rained most of the time, but tion of the Day here in Hiroshima. around six o'clock the sky cleared and The program was translated into J apa- the stars and moon shone with all the nese and copies sent to the various brilliancy of a tropical sky, so people churches. We began preparation were able to come out in quite a good early in the week by explaining it in number. Many races were represented the different Bible classes, and by post- -Negroes, East Indians, Portuguese. ing notices and verses of Scripture. Members of different churches-Meth- The response on the part of the stu- odist, Canadian Presbyterian, Scotch dents was the thing that pleased me Presbyterian, Congregational, Lumost. All were impressed by the fact theran, Salvation Army-took part in that they were taking part in a world the program, which consisted of short movement, and that they of Japan talks on the objectives of the Day, and really had the privilege of leading off prayer, which was emphasized the in a worldwide chain of prayer." most, of course. It was really an in- spirational meeting and it did create KOREA a spirit of unity between all the Christian churches in this town. We "February 15th we gave up classes all felt as if we were one Church, as to join with the women of the church we are, inde"!d all one in Christ." in the World Day of Prayer. The meeting lasted from 11 to almost 3, SIAM with no signs of restlessness, so we kept on without the intermissions we "For the first time our women at had expected to have between differ- Chiengmai observed the World Day of ent topics. The bell rang each hour, though, so that those who could not come for it all, came for part. Such earnest prayers!"

BRAZIL "Five spiritual meetings were reported. Some divided the program into three meetings-8 a. m., 12 noon, and 7 p. m.- so that a larger number could attend. All emphasized the fact

Prayer. It was a beautiful service, was a great success; a real spiritual entirely in the hands of the Siamese uplift came from this effort. It was women. The program was practically an all-day program with an interval the same as was used in America." of about twenty minutes at noon. The nearness of those who were praying CANADA all over the world was just thrilling."

"In Toronto several thousand women "Last Friday was a great day in attended the meetings which were held San Francisco, California. More than in 18 churches, 15 or 16 nationalities 1,000 women attended the three-hour being represented in the leadership- service." Swedish, Finn, Indian, Ukranian, Japanese, Bulgarian, Chinese, Rus- "Several denominations in Pensasian, Italian, Dutch, Polish, Hunga- cola, Florida, held a real prayer servrian, Armenian, Macedonian, etc. ice. The colored churches were our Great publicity was given to the meet- guests and were given a part on the ings by the daily press." program-a big step for southern people." Canada has been very successful in enlisting the women living in the scat- "We had nearly 100 in our meeting tered rural communities and many of at Minot, North Dakota; 40 nurses the most precious meetings have been from a local hospital attended. The those where there have been but the meeting in the afternoon had groups "twos and threes." from six or seven denominations."

UNITED STATES "We observed the day at Winterset, Iowa, in cottage prayer meetings in Reports have been received from twelve homes." meetings held in every state. In New York the women of the five boroughs "Our Day of Prayer at EI Paso, in Greater New York, which includes Texas, was a wonderful day and cumu- Brooklyn and Staten Island, came to- lative in power. The auditorium was gether in 30 different churches. filled. The decorations at the noon Women of many denominations, many luncheon featured the nations, with nationalities, and different races wor- women in costume. American flags on shipped together. One borough re- the platform and lighted candles on ported at least 10 different nationali- white pedestals at each station around ties at the meetings, and prayers were the room illustrated 'prayer around offered in a number of languages. the world.''' Many groups of young people participated. Between 7,000 and 8,000 copies "The ladies of the missionary socieof a special "Call to Prayer to the ties of Billings, Montana, look forward Youth of the World" were distributed to this time each year when we all in young people's groups. Still an- meet together in prayer." other feature was a children's service held at the same hour as the women's Jackson, Tennessee, had a fine meetmeeting, but in a neighboring church. ing with all faiths represented. The "Shut-ins" had been provided with Catholic priest commended the plan programs so they could follow the and purpose of the meeting and the service. Sisters gave it publicity.

Mrs. D. E. Waid, of the Council of In order that mothers of young Women for Home Missions, conducted children might be in attendance at the morning devotions over WEAF and meeting in Phrenix, Arizona, special allied stations. The radio was also nurses were provided to have charge utilized in other cities all over the of the children. United States. Supplies for March 7, 1930 "The union meeting in which the churches of Joliet, lUinois, cooperated. THEME: "That Jesus May Be Lifted Up"

We are especially happy over the

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

JEAN PAx'rON IDSPERANZA HELEN KIM MRS. S. S. HOUGH ABELLERA materials* for this observance because Introducing Our Friends of content, authorship and attractive appearance. It is a very real joy to Mrs. S. S. Hough, Chairman of the have the Program the product of Joint Committee on World Day of Korea, the cycle of prayer on the Prayer since January, 1925, was, as "Call" from the Philippines, and the Mrs. Albert, a missionary to Africa Service of Consecration by an Ameri- for three and a half years. After the can. death of her husband, returning to this country she served for nine years The "Call" is for daily use begin- as editor of the women's missionary ning immediately. There are little periodical of her denomination, until seals to be utilized on all correspond- she married Mr. Hough. For the past ence from now until the Day, and a two years she has been president of poster to be conspicuously displayed in the Women's Missionary Association churches, stores, offices. of the United Brethren in Christ. She is a member of the Executive Commit- Accompanying the program, "That tees of the Federation and Council. Jesus May Be Lifted Up," there is a picture sheet depiciting the four proj- Miss Helen Kim, Dean of Women, ects assigned for free will offerings Ehwa Haktang College, Seoul, Korea, on the Day. Suggestions for leaders who made the main draft of the 1930 are with the program, and suggestions program, came to Ehwa Haktang, for leaders of the Service of Conse· Seoul, when a very little girl. A scholcration will be found in that booklet. arship was secured for her, and this, together with her own self-help Looking Unto Jesus through such work as ringing the bell for prayers, classes and meals, pro- A Service of Consecration with vided for her board and room. She was above title has been prepared by Miss graduated from Ehwa High School; Jean Paxton to be used by the local took her Post Graduate in Ohio Wesleaders and committee in charge in leyan University, Delaware, Ohio. preparation for the World Day of She was a delegate to the Pacific Re- Prayer or by the whole group at a lations Conference in Honolulu, Hapreliminary service on the Day. waii, and to the Jerusalem Conference.

Based upon the Messages fom the Miss Esperanza Abellera, who pre- Jerusalem Conference, all study pared the "Call to Prayer," is the groups will find it very helpful used daughter of a Filipino pastor who gave in connection with the books on "The up a teaching position at 100 pesos a World Mission of Christianity." month to preach for 30 pesos. He was the founder of the first United Church *'fhe program is 2 cents, $1.75 per 100; of the Islands. While away from home the SerViCe of Consecration, 10 cents. only two Esperanza wrote to her father: "You being needed for a meeting; the "Call" is free; have prayed that one of your children poster. 10 cents; seals. $1.75 pf'r 1,000. 25 cents per 100. All supplies should be ordered from denominational beadquarters.

might follow you into the ministry; I of the Church. Through the Boards had a long struggle between my way the message will go out to the utterand God's, and God won." She has most parts of the earth. It has algraduated from the University of the ready gone through the countries of Philippines, taken her Master's work Europe. All around the world women at Columbia and at present is studying are summoned to the Day of Prayer, for her degree of Doctor of Philos- March 7, 1930, to ask that this power ophy. may be given again, knowing that the condition is witnessing for Him. We Miss Jean Grigsby Paxton is a mem- ask all Christian women and girls to ber of the staff, Foreign Division of join in this spiritual fellowship and to the National Board, Young Women's begin even now to pray that there may Christian Associations of the United be a great awakening of the Spirit States. She was in Canton, China, for among all women everywhere. a term as secretary of the Young Women's Christian Association there. The topic for our World Day of Prayer this year of Pentecost, 1930, A World Fellowship of Ohristian is "That Jesus may be lifted up." How can He be lifted up without our * Women human hands? How can He be made known to these who have never heard, By MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY without our voice? And so we come ourselves, pledged to new consecration, We have read of the Day of Pente- pleading for a new vision of the cost and of the birthday of the Chris- world's need and a new vision of the tian Church which we love. We have world Saviour, pledged to witnessing realized that they were not all great and testimony in our word and life leaders, highly educated men and and deed which shall go on and on women, but very simple peasant work- until the last woman has been reached ing people who followed Jesus, who through this World Fellowship of Himself was a carpenter. After He Christian Women. left them they remembered His last message, "All power is given unto me It does not mean an offering of in heaven and in earth; . . . ye shall money; it must be done very simply, receive power after that the Holy as they did it long ago, but there must Spirit is come upon you, and ye shall be this power of the Holy Spirit and be my witnesses both in Jerusalem, there must be a dedication of life and and in all Judea and Samaria, and un- a new realization of the need and the to the uttermost part of the earth." power of the message.

As we think of those insignificant Suppose we all begin now to pray. Some of us have taken the very first groups, opposed by the great estab- waking hours in the morning to pray for a fresh outpouring of the Holy lished Jewish bodies, derided by the Spirit, forming a great fellowship of prayer. Then suppose we read again cultured rulers, going from village to very carefully the life of Jesus in His Gospels, and also the Acts of the village, poor, unsupported, carrying Apostles. For God is asking us for a new book of Acts of Women Apostles. the message-for they did not have Women must go, in the main, to women. Suppose we find our message, the New Testament or the Gospels, as the old, old story, and begin to give it and live it in a World Fellowship of we have them, only their contact with Christian Women. It could change the the Lord and with those who had seen whole face of the world and could him-there is no accounting except bring again the fervor of Pentecost.

that this promised Spirit came in power and so they carried the Word men and women, young and old. '

We have proposed that we Christian women form a spiritual union, without additional organization, to observe this 1900th anniversary of the beginning * Leafl.(-lt may be Pl'oclll'pd frum the Fj~dera­ tion or Council.

AMERICA these art products will be made

children, by Indians, and by peons. It C. E. Among Lepe…. is through art that the Mexican peo- ple express their genius and soul. PORTO RICO has its share of lep- rosy, although the disease is not Following the receipt of the "Friendspreading and does not form a major ship School Bags" ten lessons on interdanger to the lives of the people. The national good will were introduced into known cases, about 50, are isolated in Mexico's regular school curriculum. a modern colony maintained by the insular government. The evangelical A third American project will be the churches of the island, realizing the sending of a friendship symbol to Filiimportance of some Christian work pino children, to be called a "Treasure among those confined in the various Chest," into which will go various arstate institutions grouped around Rio ticles that all children enjoy and at Piedras, called a seminary graduate to least one book.

give his whole time to this work. The two institutions which claim the major An Indian Story part of his time are the leper colony MR. L. L. LETGERS, field repreand the tubercular sanitarium. In sentative of the Indian Mission both of these his work has been most of America, tells the following Indian acceptable and has produced fine re- story: "I shall not forget Anselmo, a sults. But among the lepers the work Guatemala Indian, a weak old man is more spectacular. Here, according with most of his lower teeth gone. I to the management, the question of can see him walking along. In his discipline has completely changed. right hand he carried a little Deitz Much more liberty is now being given lantern. In one pocket of his coat a to the patients with fewer breaches of bottle of oil, and in a little sack his confidence and trust. Out of a total of Bible and Testament. I said, 'Ansel- 50 patients, 39 belong to the Christian mo, why do you carry that lantern?' Endeavor Society. – Christian Cen- He said to me, 'I am getting old; I tury. cannot sleep well at night, and when I awaken I light my lantern and I can Friendship With Mexican Children read my Bible and sing praises to my L AST year, children of the United Saviour." States stretched hands across the On one of my trips to Guatemala, Rio Grande in friendly gesture by Mr. Burgess asked me whether I would sending Mexico's children 30,000 give a few Indian men special lessons school bags. This courtesy is now to in soul winning. While speaking I be reciprocated. Dr. Moises Saenz, turned to the old man and said, "Tell Assistant Minister of the Mexican Ed- me, Anselmo, how many have you led ucational Bureau, tells of the forma- to Jesus this year (this was about the tion in Mexico of a National Com- twelfth of February)?" The old man's mittee on World Friendship Among face fell. He said, "Ah, Senor, very Children, which is planning to send, few." I said, "Tell me, how many have before the end of this year to each you led to Jesus this year?" He said, state in the United States an exhibit, "There are not more than thirty."

representative of the artistic handi- Early in July of that year I received craft of the Mexican people. Many of a letter from the old man and it con- 877

bined a list of 144 whom he had led ance with the textbooks approved by to Jesus before the first of July. Aft- the Ministry of Education.

er the meeting Anselmo asked me to What this law will mean to the go with him to a place where he had Evangelical Mission Schools in Peru been working among the Mam Indians. cannot yet be determined. It would He had a group of young folks he had appear that under it no Protestant been teaching and they had never had child can receive a Protestant educa- an opportunity to make confession of tion in any school in Peru. At best, their faith to anyone who seemed to he can only be excused from Catholic them to have authority. instruction. Meanwhile Protestant The old man had them come to us missionaries are meeting in Lima and individually, and while standing before elsewhere for conference and prayer.

us they made their profession of faith and said, after telling the things that Protestantism in Brazil P they believed, "I have received Jesus ROTESTANTISM in Brazil is com- posed of two great groups, one of Christ as my personal Saviour." German churches and the other of na- This old Indian is the only witness tive. The latter constitute 340 parfor Christ in a tribe of 200,000.- ishes with 33,000 members and 190,000 American Indian Stories. children attending Sunday-schools.

Hospital for Costa Rica These churches belong to different de- nominations, each one of them pub- WORK in the Hospital Clinico Bib- lico in Costa Rica was inaugurated lishing a periodical for its members. on July 14th with appropriate ceremonies. Representatives of all classes of The Episcopalians, with 25 churches society were present. The hospital is and 20 pastors, publish the Estandarte divided into three sections: surgical Christao; the Methodist Episcopal clinic, maternity clinic, and children's clinic, the first two for paying patients, with 83 churches and 70 pastors, the the receipts going to the upkeep of Expositor Christao; the Baptists with the children's free clinic. 212 churches and 129 pastors, the Jor- nal Ba.pti!Jta; the Presbyterians with The operating room is admirably 128 churches and 80 pastors, the Puriequipped with a complete sterilizing tano; the Independent Presbyterians outfit, unequalled in the entire country. In the children's clinic there are cots with 84 churches and 22 pastors, the for thirty children. Semana Eva:ngelica and the Congrega- tionalists publish the 0 Christao.- Renacimiento (Lima, Peru).

In a visit of courtesy, the President Bush Negroes of Surinam of Costa Rica, Hon. Gonzalez Viquez, cordially expressed his interest in the MR. FISCHER of the Moravian effort to lower the infant mortality, Church in Surinam tells somethe official figures being 50% of chil- thing of his experiences on a trip up dren under five years and 33% under the Cottica River to visit the Bush one year. Negroes. He writes: Crisis in Peru "Many of the young people are weary of their heathen religion. They A DIFFICULT situation has arisen have thrown away all amulets and oth- in Peru owing to the passing of er heathen objects usually worn by a new law prohibiting the teaching of their people, and they no longer take any doctrine opposed to the state re- part in the heathen dances. We see ligion in any public or private school, the glory of God in the lives of people and decreeing that moral and religious who have come out of heathenism into education shall be given, subject to the the Christian life. To none is the plans, programs, and decrees which the change more apparent than to the heathen people. God often uses the Government may make, and in accord- lives of the converts to witness for

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Him. What wonderful faith and cour- The Gospels we gave the prisoners of age is imparted by the Holy Spirit to San Stefano, where no stranger is those who are saved. Would to God allowed to land, were accepted with that we in the home churches had the joy. The Director wishes to see you." same courage to witness for God before the unbelieving people of this The Director said : "Your books age !"-The Moravian. have brought peace in this island among our poor criminals. I am glad EUROPE if you have some more books for them." The Director gave him a per- The Missionary Calling mit to visit the cells. The guard un- locked one cell after another and REV. ROBERT FORGAN, of Scot- Signor Santoro spoke to the men and land, has made some observations offered them Gospels. as to the homes and parentage of present day missionaries. Speaking of the Colporteur Santoro distributed three United Free Church, he states: hundred copies of Proverbs and 1,700 Gospels in the three islands which he l. Of the 220 men missionaries visited. about 75 are the sons either of ministers or of missionaries. Leprosy in Europe 2. Of the 214 women missionaries REV. JUSTIN E. ABBOTT, D.D., about 70 are the daughters either of reports a visit made to various ministers or ot missionaries. countries of Europe to gain first hand knowledge of leper problems. His 3. Of the 180 wives of missionaries method was to visit Departments of about 60 are "the daughteJ:s either of Public Health, and gratefully acknowlministers or of missionaries. edges that he was met with unvarying courtesy. Poland, Austria, Hungary 4. During the last twenty-five years and Czechoslovakia were found to have about 40 of our women missionaries no cases, although there were special became wives of missionaries, and laws providing for the handling of quite a large number of these were the such cases. Yugoslavia has 74 known daughters either of ministers or of cases, Italy 226 and Switzerland posmissionaries. sibly as many as 25. Italy has a small leprosarium with about thirty inmates. From these figures it appears that Aside from this, there is no special out of the total of 614 men and women provision for lepers in Italy. . missionaries and wives of missionaries more than 200 have been provided The complete absence of leprosy from the homes either of ministers or from central Europe is accounted for of missionaries-that is, in brief, one- by the fact that none of these counthird of the whole staff. Of this 200 tries have colonies in lands infested it appears that about two-thirds are with leprosy, nor have they any comsons or daughters of home ministers, mercial relations with such countries, and one-third are sons or daughters of as have England, France, Spain, Pormissionaries in the foreign field.-U. tugal and Italy. Dr. Abbott has as F. Church Record. yet been unable to visit Roumania, Bulgaria, Greece and Albania. The Gospels for Italian PrLsoners League of Nations is collecting infor- mation along this line, and supply the I T IS a rule that no visitors are al- following figures: Crete, 400; Cyprus, lowed in the prison, which is built 250; Malta, 249; Roumania, 338. on a big reef of the island of San Adding these incomplete figures to the Stefano. The men there are reputed total for Yugoslavia, Italy and Switthe worst. Two years ago Dr. Pons, zerland, the total known cases reach an Evangelical Christian in Italy, took 1,572 for Central and Southern Euan opportunity Qf sending 500 Gospels rope. to the prison through contractors who supply provisions. Signor Santoro, a colporteur, later saw these men who said, "We have good news for you.

Prohibition in Germany point is made of establishing centers in hot beds of racial friction. T EN years ago the Germans looked upon water as something to run Ne", Pastors for Ru,ssia under a bridge, and to ask for a drink of it was to receive a good laugh. THE second graduating class at the Now, Germany is beginning to won- Lutheran Theological Seminary at der if she can spend three billion Leningrad, Russia, has added fifteen marks annually on alcoholic drink and young pastors to the seventy-nine who hold a place in world affairs. A little serve about 1,000,000 Lutherans in over two years ago a mass meeting was Russia. The ordination of these fifheld in St. Paul's church, at Frank- teen young pastors, two of whom are fort, to consider the question of local Ests ready to preach to Esthonianoption. Questions discussed were: speaking congregations, and all of them splendidly equipped for their 1. The Significance of Local Option service to the church, will permit the for the German Nation. 2. Local Op- retirement of several aged pastors who tion and the German Woman. 3. Lo- should be granted release from activcal Option and German Labor. ity.

Those who are working for tem- Bishop Meyer, of Moscow, in adperance in Germany are divided into two groups. The first organization is dressing the Lutherans of America, in favor of total abstinence and prohibition, the second is working simply writes: . for temperance, or moderate drinking. Also, the leaders are unable to collect "Not being able today to go into funds to promote the cause, but un- detail, I -CRn report to you only in questionably the nation is alert to the general that the condition of the progress of prohibition in other lands. church and of the congregations is growing worse all the time. Thus we The "y" in Czechoslovakia are looking upon it as a special grace of God that we were able to increase AMONG the 13% million people in the number of pastors in our church by these graduates of the Leningrad .tl. Czechoslovakia are seven lead- Seminary. This was the more neces- sary because a number of former pasing races, one half Czechs and three- tors have become feeble and unable to fourths Roman Catholics. The Prot- work. Thus it is fortunate that the estants, next largest element, number supreme church council is in a position about 8%. These include Czech Breth- to fill gaps. Our congregations appreren, Lutherans, Calvinists, Methodists ciate the fact that our fellow believers and Moravians. made it possible through their gifts to take care of the training of these The Young Men's Christian Associ- young pastors. If that had not been ation was at work in this country be- the case our congregations would be in fore the war, but it was then a church a still worse position." organization, weak in membership and in program. Its chief aim was to keep AFRICA the youth in the churches, and to protect them from the destructive influ- Algiers Mission Band ences of society. Following the war, the whole program has changed to em- MISS HELEN FREEMAN, pioneer phasize the idea of service, based on worker of the Algiers Mission the belief that individuals and nations Band, says that there is very little have a mission to fulfil; character ground in all the world that has been training; Christianity in daily life; so soaked with martyr blood as North cooperation and self-discipline. The Africa, and that present day service "Y" stands aside from church con- there is a "work of retrieval." flicts; and has found one of its chief services in acting as a link between In 1888 Miss I. Lilias Trotter and national groups. In fact, a special her friend Miss Haworth settled

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

among the Moslems of Algiers. Three the Moslems have taken to reading, years previously the North Africa Mis- and as they read they realize that they sion had opened its first station. Be- themselves and Islam are behind the fore then Mohammedanism had re- times and want to be brought up to mained for centuries unchallenged, and date. The EI-Azhar University in it was only after nineteen years of Cairo, the stronghold of Islam, has gradual growth that a society was or- purchased a thousand copies of the ganized under the name of the Algiers Bible in Arabic and a thousand copies Mission Band. Today it has fourteen of the New Testament. They have stations, with thirty-five missionaries. done it to compare the Christian Scrip- The Band has for its. aim "the evan- tures with the Koran, but the sword gelization of the Arabic-speaking Mos- of the Spirit has entered the heart of lems of Algeria, with special emphasis Islam.-Blessed Be Egypt.

on the needs of the practically un- touched peoples of the South." Miss Missions to Use Inventions Trotter's ambition was to push ever AGERMAN missionary, Father further and further into the desert, Schulte, of the Roman Catholic where some of the oases support popu- Missionary Society, a former aviator, lations that run into the thousands. proposes to use automobiles, airplanes, Intolerant Egypt motor boats, motorcycles and radio for the prosecution of missionary work in EGYPT professes to include in her Africa. He strongly advocates the un- constitution liberty of religion, limited exploitation of modern technibut in actual fact, this is not true. cal devices in connection with carrying Bishop Gwynne, of the Anglican the Gospel to the darker regions of the church in Egypt and the Sudan, re- earth and believes that the use of aircently reported to the Near East planes and other modern agencies of Christian Council that two women con- locomotion would accelerate and simverts of the Egypt General Mission plify the work of missionaries in unwere "by the order of the Moslem re- cultivated regions. ligious courts forced back to their fa- Captain Herman Koehl, the transatnatical relatives." "It is estimated," he lantic flier, with Colonel James Fitzsaid, "that about 400 Copts become maurice, one of his companions in the Moslems in Egypt every year-every flight of the Bremen, has placed himprovision is made for their reception self at the service of the society in into the faith of Islam; but when connection with its proposed aviation these two Moslem women wished to service in Africa, where it is intended openly confess Christianity, justice is to establish a missionary base in the refused. A convert on being baptized northern part of the former German is deprived of his patrimony. A wom- Southwest Africa which will be an has no power to change her faith equipped with ten automobiles, three in Egypt. If unmarried, her person motor boats, three airplanes and wirecan be claimed by her father or her less telegraph. The first motor boat, guardian; if married, by her hus- christened Pius XI, has already been band."-Alliance Weekly. shipped.

Well-known German steamship lines Modem'll Read the Bible and automobile and airplane manufac- THERE never was a time when there turers have promised to promote the was such readiness to receive and society's African plans. read the printed page, or when Mos- lems all over the Moslem world were A Gospel Triumph T so eager to possess themselves of HE Mashukulumbwe tribe, south of the Kafue River, is one of the most Christian literature and to study it. The unrest in Islam today is un- degraded of Africa. The natives were doubtedly largely due to the fact that slaves to other tribes before the ad- 5

vent of the British government, and the movement more marked. Forward- are noticeable because of the absence looking statesmen visualize a fusion of of upper teeth. They worship the all the great territories under the cow, and so during childhood the upper British Crown stretching from Cape teeth are removed in veneration of this Town northward through the Union of animal. Possibly this tribe has the South Africa, Rhodesia, and Nyasa- most degrading customs of any people. land, into the East African Protector- They have a particularly harmful ates.

method of smoking. A hole is made in If figures may be relied upon, South the ground and filled with tobacco and Africans are very religious. When the other more harmful ingredients. A last census was taken, only 3,203 perlong hollow reed is thrust into the cavity, and a lump of burning charcoal sons in a total population of 1,519,488, placed on top of the tobacco. The na- declared themselves as of "no relitives inhale deeply, and between in- gion." halations take a drink of water. The result is startling, for after a short The largest and most influential time they become intoxicated; and church is the Dutch Reformed, which continued indulgence causes madness. has more adherents than all the rest of the churches put together. Here are The results from preaching the Gos- the figures for the first eight bodies: pel among these people is most remarkable. Two native evangelists have Dutch churches ……. . . . . . .. 383,982 returned from one of their large vil- Anglican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294,026 lages after holding meetings for two weeks, and report more than one hun- Methodist. …. . . . … . … . … 102,771 dred conversions. Presbyterian ……………. 74,999 A few years ago a Christian teacher Roman Catholic …………. 61,246 was sent to a large Mashukulumbwe village, the Sodom of this section. At Lutheran ………………. 19,098 first little interest was taken, but soon Baptist ………………… 15,414 a school was established, and regular church services were carried on. Soon Congregationalist ………… 10,598 some began to take a stand for Christ. One day the chief decided that his vil- But the drink traffic is a serious lage should become a Christian village, question, divorce is becoming more common and moral standards are on the downward trend, against all of which the Christian conscience is as- serting itself. A recent Liquor Act embodies many radical reforms.- Christian Herald.

and that he was going to take a strong stand against such things as smoking, The Year in Tanganyika.

witchcraft, polygamy, and child-marri- ALL the stations and most of the outage. Today there is a strong church 1". schools of the Tanganyika Misin this village.–C. E. World. sion report unusually large increases in attendance, both at school and re- Importance of South Africa ligious services. The large school at T HE Union of South Africa is the Kijima has been taxed to capacity, most important white unit on the and the church at Busia can scarcely continent, and seems destined to be- accommodate the congregations which come the determinant of all Africa, assemble. One of the fruits of unin- not only because of the type of its terrupted services has been the bap- people, but because of its vast physi- tism of 57 men and women from the cal resources of soil, minerals and ani- Nera work, 33 at Busia, and 9 at mal life. The million and a half Lohumbo. There were also 182 pro- British, Dutch and other European fessions of faith from the Busia peoples are looking to the north for work. Church offerings were $776.12.

openings, making civilization's ad- By way of illustrating the difficulty vancing line from south to north, and of quoting accurate figures, native the coming of the railroad has made Christians at an out-school gave of

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money, time and material for the last issue of the journal, The Hebrew building of a church about $125, Christian. Writing about this remark- which is not included in the report, able feature of how the land shall be since it did not pass through the reg- governed and supervised, Sir Leven- ular channels. Again, a native teacher son says, in so far as has been com- so faithfully observed Christian char- mitted to it the task of preparing it, ity that frequent travelers stopping the Alliance will pursue the policies of for hospitality consumed all his food said organization to assist the Jews supplies. This represented heavy out- who are in distress, and also will give lay, and cannot be figured in terms of work to the Jews who live in the land real value as Christian testimony.- of their fathers without any discrimi- Inland Africa. nation, whether they have obeyed the commandment of righteousness, or not.

WESTERN ASIA It is 'also planned to build, upon that oil/Intercessory Members" of Union place, homes where Jewish Christians will be able to learn various trades, so THE "Bible Lands Sunday-school that they will be independent. It is Union," believing that many Chris- also their purpose to erect a Jewish tians unable to attend the recent Con- Christian Church, where baptized bevention at Baalbek, Syria, yet were lievers may worship.-Word and vitally interested in its success, ar- Work. ranged for "intercessory member- ships." An intercessory member is one who promises to pray regularly, from Those Persian Rugs K the day of his registration to the close ERMAN is one of the centers of the Persian rug industry. About of the Convention, for its success-success in the sight of God. Such persons 3,000 women and girls work as weavare considered regular members of the ers in this city, toiling nine hours a convention. ' day in winter, eleven in summer. A While the registration fee for those writer in Persia, Old and New says of in attendance was $1.00, intercessory them: "It is not possible for you to members paid fifty cents. This fee was meet in Kerman one weaver who has asked for four reasons: the appearance of a human being. The (1) That they may feel they are majority of the men and women are formally identified with the conven- sallow, abject hunchbacks, with detion, (2) That they may share in the formed legs."

financial responsibility, (3) That dele- Girls are apprenticed as weavers gates may feel they are sustained by when six or seven years old. For this the prayers of many who are present the parents are paid £4 in advance and in spirit though absent in body, (4) £6 or £8 more in instalments during That through this definite association the five years of the apprenticeship.

of delegates and intercessory members The girls themselves receive nothing there may be developed a unity of spir- whatever apart from these payments it which shall prepare the way for an to the parents. At their work the girls advance program of religious educa- sit on a bare, narrow plank without tion in Bible lands. a back to it. T.ley all become more or less deformed, some much more Church :for Jewish Christians than others. Marriage is extremely THE bit of land known as "Abra- dangerous for them, for because of ham's Vineyard," near the city their deformity, normal child-birth is walls of Jerusalem, is now turned over impossible. Except where competent to the "International Hebrew Chris- surgical treatment is provided death tian Alliance." Sir Leon Levenson, is the result in all but a few cases.

President of the Alliance, made note Missionaries of the C. M. S. are min- of the stupendous undertaking in the istering to what is left of these poor

girls after they have woven their fin- Seventeen thousand one hundred and est and best into floor coverings. sixty-nine Christians are reported. Average church attendance totals 6,- Persia is not a Christian country 205, while the average number of comand it is not probable that any of the municants is recorded as 1,889. A' factories where these outrages against good gain was made for the period womanhood are perpetrated are under under review, which was 15 instead the management of professed Chris- of the usual 12 months, owing to a tians, but a large proportion of the change in the system of keeping the output of the factories ultimately records. Baptisms numbered 630 chilreaches the homes of Christian people. dren of Christians and 1,069 converts A boycott of the industry until re- from non-Christians. In addition to forms are effected would be reasonable the fifty-one missionaries, twenty-two and right.-Indian Witness. pastors, 225 elders, 70 Bible women and 143 teachers are engaged in the INDIA AND SIAM work of the church.

Two Significant DocuDlcnt. An unusual column in the Mission Report is headed "Excommunicated." TWO Indian Church Documents have That excommunication is not out-of- recently issued from the press. The date in the group is made clear by the "Confession of Faith, Constitution, entry of 124 in this column. Exactly Rules, and Forms of Procedure" of the one half of the stations excommuni- United Church of Northern India ap- cated one or more members, one conpears in final form as drafted by the gregation thus expelling no fewer than Executive Committee of the General 43 out of a total Christian community Assembly. The book consists of 69 of 418. That some of those pronounced pages analyzed as follows: Confession unworthy to remain in the church of Faith, Constitution, Rules and profit by the stern punishment meted Forms of Procedure, Appendices: A. out to them is shown by the re-admis- Rules of Debate, and B. Forms. The sion to the church of 69, or a number freedom allowed in the Form of Ac- a little more than half as large as the ceptance demanded of all ministers, number excommunicated. – Indian reads as follows: "I receive and adopt, Witness. for substance of doctrine, the Confession of Faith of this Church as based Gwalior's "Conversion Bill" on and in accord with the Word of God. I N Gwalior is a general assembly The other document to which we which meets once a year and makes make reference is the "Proposed suggestions for legislation. The body Scheme of Union" of the Church of presents its requests in the form of India, Burma and Ceylon, The South detailed bills, but it has no power to India United Church, and The South enact laws. That lies with the Council India Provincial Synod of the Wesley- of Regency. In 1928 the general asan Methodist Church. The combined sembly presented a "conversion" bill. totals of baptized and communicants The object of the bill is to prevent any number some 616,199 persons. This person changing his religion because final draft of the scheme of union for of "coercion, undue influence, or mapresentation to the churches concerned terial inducement." It is popularly represents the product of ten years' known as the "minor" bill. It would labor.-Indian Standard. prevent any person between the ages of seven and twenty-one years from Santal Mission of North India changing his or her religion either voluntarily or at the will of the parents THE Santal Mission is aided by or guardians. Children under seven three boards, one in Norway, one would remain under the parents' conin Denmark and one in the United trol in religious matters. Any person States. The missionaries are recruited from each of these three countries, but are organized and work on the field as a single unit.

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over twenty-one desiring to change his ing as lay preachers. Cochin-China religion, would be obliged to intimate reports six self-supporting churches, his intention to a magistrate. The of- with an active church membership of ficer would publish his name and after 2,861. Tithing has been stressed, refifteen days either grant or withhold sulting in increased offerings and more the privilege of change of religion. self-supporting churches. Two members of the Council have stated that the bill is not directed Religious Freedom in Patiala against Christianity. A number agree with them. Others there are whose THE restrictions upon the Gospel opinion on this point cannot be ascer- imposed in some states are untained.-Indian Standard. known in Patiala, premier state in the Punjab. Hindus, Moslems and Sikhs French Indo-China as well as Christians enjoy religious liberty. The Christian Church was es- THE French Indo-China Mission un- tablished here through the work of the der the Christian and Missionary ministers of the Methodist Episcopal Alliance reports encouraging progress Church who first came to the city in in 1928. Protestants are granted full 1890. religious liberty in French territory, but in the Protectorates-Annam, The usual methods of proclaiming Toukin and Cambodia-ancient trea- the truth are followed here. At melas ties which gave religious freedom to and like gatherings Bible portions and Roman Catholics made no mention of religious booklets are sold and tracts Protestants, thus excluding them from are distributed in large numbers. Bethis privilege. However, an epoch- sides this all preachers and a few laymaking event in Annamese Protestant- men sell religious books, especially ism was the audience accorded by the portions of the Holy Scriptures, in the Governor-General at Hanoi, February bazaars of the city and in the weekly 28, 1929, to the Committee of the An- or the bi-weekly bazaars in rural namese Evangelical church. The Gov- places. ernor received them cordially, accepted the copies of the Church Constitution A college has been opened by the given him, and expressed a desire that Maharaja where free tuition is prothis church should enjoy the same lib- vided. Although there is no school erties as the Catholic Church. under Christian auspices, Christian children are not deprived of education- At the close of 1928, ten Annamese al opportunities. The church is lochurches had become entirely self-sup- cated within the bazaar. Every Sunday porting, two new districts had been or- Christians gather at the church and ganized and three candidates were non-Christians are impressed by this ordained early in 1929. A number of congregational worship, A European Annamese workers were imprisoned Police Inspector is one of the most either for distributing Scriptures or loyal and earnest Christians in the for witnessing for Christ, but turned city. On his proposal the church has their affiiction to account by carrying opened a reading room, where relitheir message to fellow prisoners. The gious books, papers and pamphlets are officials, from the highest to lowest, provided for the public.-Indian Witare not in sympathy with the spirit of ness. intolerance which imprisons a man because of the love of God in his heart, Student Catnpaigna in Burma and treat the men leniently, often letting them off with a fine. A JUDSON COLLEGE student, after an evangelistic campaign in the An outstanding feature of the work Karen high school, Rangoon, wrote in in Cambodia has been the organizing regard to the impression on himself: of various leaders into a district committee, and giving them special train- "Every time I go on a Gospel team campaign I feel the real happiness and joy of Christ in me, because I give

myself heart and soul into the hands who used of yore to guard the temple of God; because I continually have gateways with their all-powerful communication between Him and me, swords. praying to make me absolutely pure, honest, unselfish and loving; and be- Missionaries Still Needed cause I myself enjoy doing His work." MR. DAVID YUI, Chinese Christian A college girl wrote: leader, seeking to correct the im- "Now I have the real happiness which pression that the Christian forces of I have never known before in my life. China no longer need the assistance of My heart breaks whenever I think of missionaries, gave the following ex- Jesus' death on the shameful cross. pression of his views at a recent meet- Only now I admit that Christ's life ing of the China Commission: and teaching are the key to all nature and human destiny." "We depend on Christians in other The campaign resulted in forty-four lands to cooperate with us. Enemies baptisms and hundreds of decisions, a of China and the Christian movement large proportion being from Burmese have sought to spread the impression Buddhist homes, but it was thought that the Chinese Christians no longer that the more far-reaching result of feel the need of missionaries. This is a the campaign has been the re-conse- false idea, and if followed would lead cration of the Christian teachers. One to the death of the Christian movement high school teacher testified as follows: in China, as Chinese leadership is not "I have been a sleeping Christian, and strong enough to carryon alone. We up to this time have wasted my life. hope that our Christian friends in Can- When I heard the students pleading ada and in Europe and America will with other pupils to accept Christ, I not fall into the trap that has been laid made up my mind to work for Him." for them by our enemies, but will keep One third year student organized, their eyes open and will do all they trained and led a Gospel team for more can to strengthen the Christian forces than a month, with the result that in China …… I think I represent not more than 300, mcstly Karen Bud- only the views of my Christian friends dhists, expressed their faith in Christ. but also those of many non-Christian Chinese when I say that we shall be CHINA glad to receive back old missionaries to China, and to welcome new mission- Superstition on the Wane aries who may come to help us.. There may have to be some readjustment in T HE Nationalist Move~ent has relationships and in lines of work; but brought many changes to China. such readjustment should not discour- Students have taken an ardent part in age either the return of old missiona campaign against superstition and aries or the recruiting of new ones."- idolatry. Repeated proclamations have The Record. come out in the papers ordering the discontinuance of fortune telling and Foochow Trains Ministers soothsaying. The old formal and superstitious customs connected with T HE Foochow Theological School weddings and funerals are being done opens this month as a Methodist away with and more simple forms es- institution prepared to train preachers tablished. A one time famous temple for all the Conferences in the Fukien in Peiping has become a dump heap. area, with Mandarin as the medium of There is little demand for the sooth- instruction. Rev. Harry W. Worley, sayer who formerly had the last word recently returned from furlough, has in locating a favorable spot for one's been appointed president. Rev. Philip house, setting a favorable marriage S. S. Yu, delegate to general conferday, and choosing by signs a lucky ence, has just returned to the faculty spot for one's last resting place. Even after a year of special study at Drew less popular are the horrifying figures Theological Seminary. Since their re-

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turn, both of these professors have Iigious writings, and he was able to been in demand as speakers to report get the Gospel to every tent. concerning the attitude and work of the Church in America.-Christian From Shiabden Gomba to Leh was Century. a journey of eighty-nine days. Many terrible snowstorms were encountered A Dream and a Conversion and high winds almost daily. "One entire caravan perished in a storm AWOMAN in the country district in within sight of our camp. We met Taichow, a Buddhist all her 71 Tibetans every day on this long and years, had a dream a few months ago, difficult part of the journey and gave and in the dream found herself in the to them the message of Eternal Life. Christian church at Dazih, where she Tashi-gong is the last and most imporlives; and while there, a man dressed tant monastery in western Tibet. Here in white came up and talked to her. we gave the Gospel to the priests and The next day, the Bible-woman, going to many other Tibetans. All were the rounds of her village, called at this friendly and even sold us food. At woman's house, and told her the Gospel Kargil all animals had to be abanstory. She said: "How strange that doned, as the snow was so deep they you should come and tell me this to- could not get through. For ten days day. Last night I had a dream that I we waded through snow, many times was in the 'Jesus church,' and a man to the waist. We had to face terrible dressed in white came and talked to cold and winds, and our feet and lower me." The Bible-woman said: "The legs were wet most of the time. Many Lord Jesus is evidently calling you and times we were just hanging on to the has sent me to you today that you snow-covered mountainside picking might heed His words." The woman our way along a tiny path where one was greatly impressed, and was quite careless step would have meant· disconvinced that it was the Lord Who aster. One avalanche shot around a had spoken to her, and that He was huge rock just five feet in front of me calling her to follow Him. She imme- but the rock saved me."-S. S. Times. diately acquiesced and believed, and started at once to learn from the Bi- JAPAN-KOREA ble-woman more of the wonderful truths of His love. She gave up all Oooperation Brings Results her Buddhist idolatrous things and attended church regularly every Sunday. THE churches of Japan are discov- Church Missionary Gleaner. ering that the greatest results come from a united front toward the enemy. Pioneering in Tibet An example is the Temperance and Purity Society which, with denomina- MR. V. G. PLYMIRE, of Tangar, tional lines entirely lacking, has been Kansu, China, undertook last year turning in astonishing reports of proga long and dangerous evangelization ress. Hamlets and villages here and journey through Tibet, the first mis- there are voting out liquor, some for sionary ever to make this journey of moral reasons, others with economic 2,437 miles. He reports that many motives. In one case it was in order thousands heard the Gospel for the that a schoolhouse might be built with first time. He distributed 73,396 Bible the savings, and within five years the portions and 46,542 tracts in Tibetan, building was completed and paid for. beside a very large amount of litera- Again, 600 girls of four neighboring ture in Chinese. In a journey from villages formed a league and pledged Tangar to Dsun he passed as many as themselves not to marry men who 192 tents in one day and tried to reach smoke, drink or consort with immoral all with the message. All the men of wqmen. The results in moral improvethe Dsun district were gathered at one ment have been very noticeable, and place for eight days to read their re- the idea is spreading. It is quite sig- nificant that between 1,500 and 1,600

local temperance societies were started and "shells," except for a few maps. in Japan to commemorate the en- The loss in Scriptures was 9,108 un- thronement of an emperor, who uses bound Bibles, 36,448 unbound and 11,- neither liquor nor tobacco. Add to this 600 bound Testaments, and 132,600 the fact that three provincial legisla- portions valued, with some paper and tures have passed regulations provid- binding materials, at within a few yen ing for the abolition of licensed houses of $8,000. The more serious loss in 'of vice at the expiration of present plates and shells included plates for ,contracts, and one can see what a unit- one whole Bible, for six varieties of ed Christian conscience can do toward Testaments, and for eighteen different the realization of Christian ideals in a Gospels and other portions. The loss non-Christian land. In all these pro- of nearly 1,000 pages of freshly set grams of social betterment, a diminu- type for the "nine-point" type refertive Japanese Christian woman is a ence Bible, will amount to nearly $2,- mighty factor, Mrs. 0. Kubiushiro. She 000. is one of the leaders in putting the churches into cooperative harness for The misfortune of the Japan Agenthe social evangelization of Japan.- cy is particularly distressing, as the Christian Century. replacement of the severe losses in- curred in the great earthquake of Sep- Kobe COlILpletes C…..paign tember, 1923, was almost completed.- Bible Society Record. K OBE COLLEGE has successfully completed its $600,000 campaign Grouping Denominations on the date stipulated. This makes available an additional $100,000 from JAPAN has taken the first step tothe Harkness Foundation and will ma- ward grouping denominations. The terially assist Kobe College, which is churches tabulated below are all J apathe oldest college for women in Japan. nese, originally connected with vari- ous missions, sometimes of diverse It was founded in 1875 by the Wom- denominational names. For example, an's Board of the Interior of the Con- the Presbyterian group comprises two gregational Church-now a part of the Reformed Churches, besides the vari- American Board-and represents a ous Presbyterians. venture in international cooperation in the higher education of women of the STAT[STICS FOR 1928 Orient. The college has received official recognition through the commen- Com· Oburcbes Con· dation of the Emperor of Japan and Self·Sup· trlbu· high provincial officials. Its eighteen- mUlll- port- tions acre new campus near Kobe, costing cants Ohurches ing Yen $75,000, was purchased by the Japa- presbyteri an (or) nese graduates, who are now seeking an endowment fund of $300,000 to be Kihon Kiristo Kyokraised in Japan. w-Ij "" .. "", …… 40,866 261 127 6&1,278 Bible Fire Loss Methodist (or) Nihon Mesozisto Kyokwai. 32,783 ON JULY 4th a disastrous fire Congregational (or) 202 100 283,833 broke out in Tokyo in the plant of the Seiko Printing Company, printers ~ihon Kumiai Kyokof the Scriptures for the Japan Agency of the American Bible Society, and wai …………….. 21,837 169 83 4M,369 reduced it to ashes, burned timber and Epise -ual (or) Nihon ruined machinery. In the flames were destroyed a considerable amount of the Sei Kyokwai ……. 22,235 245 44 180,884 Society's printed Japanese Scriptures Baptist (0 r) Nihon and all of the Agency's printing plates Shin Rei Kyokwai .. 6.688 49 17 68,8()7 Oriental Mis. Soc. (or) Nih 0 n Holiness Kyokwai o the r P~~t~~t~~t 6,374 150 i'4 147,202 Chllrches .. " …. ". 27,163 596 42 8110,992 '['otal for all churches 163,1)016 1,652 497 2,629,365 -Missionary Voice.

Young Men Busy MISS EMMA E. GARDNER, of Nagoya, Japan, tells of the faith- fulness among young people in the Kinjo Presbyterian Church: "The Kinjo church is the second

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

largest Presbyterian church in the penses of anyone who wished to study city; the minister is Mr. Toeda, an free at the yearly District Bible Study earnest, spiritual preacher. His Class. church members number about one hundred and fifty, some of whom have ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC moved away to other cities, but still keep their membership in the Kinjo Philippine Progress church. The congregation is largely composed of young people; among T HE two hundred missionaries who them some splendid young men, who, have gone out to help the Philipwhile their minister and one of his pines with churches, schools and hoselders were away this summer at the pitals have exerted an influence far Los Angeles Sunday-school Conven- beyond the limits of the churches they tion, took upon themselves the re- have established. sponsibility of the church services, speaking by turns on Sunday and dur- In 1925 the Catholic Students of ing the week, and holding outdoor America sent a mission to study the evangelistic meetings in front of the Philippines. They reported that "by church every Sunday night. founding hospitals and dispensaries for the poor, secondary and industrial "When Mr. Toeda returned, he schools in the more important towns, found these young men had brought and splendidly equipped dormitories into the church thirty-eight young for students at Manila, the Protestant people, earnest enquirers who were churches are doing a work of positive reading the Bible and ready to be importance and value." The Roman formed into a class to be trained by Catholic church has removed practicalthe pastor for future church member- ly all of the corrupt friars from the ship."-Presbyterian Survey. Islands and has replaced them with clean, progressive, well-educated Chun Pyung Baing's Olrering priests from America, Ireland, Bel- gium, France and Germany. Educa- I N EAST KIRIN PROVINCE, about tion has been greatly improved, beauti- fifty miles west of Lungchingtsun, ful schools and dormitories have been some Korean Christians settled built, the reading of the Bible has been among the mountains. They agreed encouraged; in a word, the Roman that each family would set aside one Catholic church in the Philippines has day's plowing and put the crops to- come to resemble that in North Amerigether for sale, the proceeds to be used ca. for Gospel work. Some Christians moved away and others grew cold in The Catholic Historical Review in their love, but Mr. Chun, believing that 1917 had this to say: this money should be given to the Lord, took the price of the field he had set The Protestant sects have not been apart and bought a calf. without a quickening influence on Catho- licism, for they have aided the establish- One day Pastor Yu, while visiting ment of the [Roman Catholic] church on this village home, overheard a conver- the American basis, and the correction sation between Mr. Chun and his wife of undesirable conditions which had over this calf which had been eating grown up during the Spanish control. his tether. Mr. Chun wanted to keep The competition has served a good end the calf bull the wife maintained that for Catholicism, for it has put it on its they must sell it and give the money mettle in a way it might never have been to God's cause. Thereupon the hus- without it. The American clergy, I venband asked Pastor Yu to take charge ture to think recognize this fully.- of the money. The sixty-six yen thus Frank C. Laubach. obtained was used to form the nucleus of a fund raised by tpe churches of Union Church in Suva Pastor Yu's district to pay the ex- FOR about fifty years the European Presbyterian Church has been car- ried on in Suva, Fiji. It has had some checkered experiences, but through the long years has done excellent work

and borne good testimony. Many tians heard the call, and there is now years ago the Methodist Church a Gospel Hall in Samarinda and in thought of establishing a European Balik-papan. Church in Suva, but it was felt that there should be no overlapping in such These coast cities are occupied by a a small town, and the Methodist peo- mixture of Asiatics, Malay, Japanese, ple have attended the Presbyterian Sudanese and countless other races. Church and loyally helped in this All these speak Malay, a happy fact in work. Many of the office bearers are the task of evangelization. Moham- Methodists, and it has been felt re- medanism is rap i d 1y spreading cently that it would be a good thing through the instrumentality of Arab if some arrangement could be made traders. Everywhere are to be seen whereby the Christian forces might Mohammedan mosques.-Evangelical be more closely linked up in church Christian and Missionary Witness. membership. Successful Week Da.y Religious Conferences have been held between the Presbyterian and Methodist bodies Teaching in Australia, as well as a meeting between the parties concerned in Fiji, H ONOLULU has a record in weekand the result has been that the Pres- day religious instruction which byterian Church now becomes a Union any city might well try to emulate. Church. A Methodist and Presby- Work was begun four years ago, under terian minister will be appointed al- the Honolulu Interchurch Federation, ternately for a period of three years, and the first year weekday religious and while each will bear ecclesiastical education began in connection with relationship to his own church, he will seven public schools, with 2,200 pupils be recognized minister of the Union enrolled in church school classes. The Church. The first appointee under following year, ten school centers enthese new conditions is the Rev. C. W. rolled 2,700 pupils, and the growth for Turner, who has already taken up his the third and fourth years has brought residence in Fiji. The Union Church the enrolment to 3,556. All the 125 will be subsidized by the Presbyterian teachers were Christian, but from Church of Victoria and by the Meth- many different races and nationalities. odist Board of Missions until such These are part time teachers, but a time as it is able to carry alone its re- full time supervisor has the oversight sponsibilities. – Australian Christian of th~ system. A carefully selected World. course of study is provided, and the nature of the teaching is distinctly Borneo and Its Need evangelistic. In addition to these schools running throughout the school BORNEO, except Greenland and year, the Interchurch Federation car- New Guinea, is the largest island ries on a number of vacation Bible in the world. Missionary work is be- schools, with an enrolment of from ing carried on in British North 1,200 to 1,500.-Presbyterian Maga- Borneo; in the south, considerable zine. work has been done by German and Dutch missionaries, and the American NORTH AMERICA Methodists some years ago opened a work on the west coast of Borneo; Commemorate Pentecost but the entire east coast of Dutch Borneo is entirely without missionary CELEBRATING the nineteen hunwork. On the eastern coast line of dredth anniversary of ;'Pentecost," approximately 500 miles there are the birthday of the church, the Commore than twenty ports, and so far as mission on Evangelism and Life Servknown no station was ever opened in ice of the Federal Council of Churches this area until some Chinese Chris- has just announced a program which includes a campaign of personal evan- gelism, a church-attendance crusade, a Sunday-school' drive, the reestablish-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment of a family altar in every home, eign public which comes into contact a series of "upper room" prayer-meet- with them. Particularly is the work ings to be held in churches, homes, of the Association worthy of mention shops, offices and stores, and a simul- as the Association during the past two taneous reading of a chapter a day of years has been sparing no efforts to the Gospel of Saint Luke and the Acts give a true interpretation of the colosof the Apostles. sal changes going on in China which lie at the back of the present Nation- This program, which will begin this alist movement. fall and continue through the winter and spring, ending June 8th, the day "It is with confidence that I look of Pentecost, is the culmination of a forward to the increasing usefulness series of conferences recently held by of the Association."-Chinese Christhe leaders in evangelism of the prin- tian Student. cipal denominations in the United States. Nearly all of the national reli- .Chicago Youth's Service Bureau gious bodies in America have already committed themselves to this observ- SHORTLY after his election, State's ance at their official conferences, as- Attorney John A. Swanson, of Chisemblies and synods.-Christian Advo- cago, announced that he would organcate. ize a youth's service bureau as part of his program of crime prevention. The Chinese Student Anniversary bureau has now been brought into ex- istence as a regular part of the city THE Chinese Students' Christian and county government, sponsored and Association in North America has directed by the state's attorney's office, just commemorated the 20th anniver- and Rev. Charles A. Gage, a Methodist sary of its founding. Hon. C. C. Wu, Episcopal minister of many years Chinese Minister to the United States, standing in Chicago, has been placed in his greetings to the Association, in charge. The field of service of the has this to say: youth's bureau is in home, school and club, and in nowise is the character of "The work done by students as such service political, partisan or secgroups in cementing cordial relations tarian. To keep a boy from going· between China and America is espe- wrong is infinitely more commendable cially significant. Through these uni- than using corrective measures on him fied and organized mediums, contacts after he has gone wrong. The new with American organs representing bureau will seek through every availidentical or similar interests are facili- able channel to create an atmosphere tated, and opportunities are created of helpfulness away from delinquency for mutual appreciation and criticism and crime. It is expected that the vaof each other's ideas and institutions, rious luncheon clubs, women's clubs, thereby removing the possibility of association of commerce, church fedmisunderstanding which, as it is gen- eration, Salvation Army, fraternal erally recognized, constitutes a formid- groups and other civic organizations able foe to international peace and will see the importance of representafriendship. tion on the advisory board.-Christian Century. "The Chinese Students' Christian Association has achieved signal suc- The Indian Problem cess in its lines of endeavor. The present membership of the Association, REV. RUDOLF HERTZ, of the comprising one hundred and thirty- American Missionary Association three institutions in thirty-two states staff in Eagle Butte, S. D., thus sumthroughout this country and four cen- marizes the findings of the recent surters in Canada, testifies to the influ- vey of the Bureau of Indian Affairs: ence it wields in the life of Chinese students in this part of the world, and Most of the Indians are poor, many to its usefulness even among the for- extremely poor;

The general health of the Indians is dation. Food, uniforms. heat, medical bad and their living, housing and sani- care, and general supervision are given tary conditions are conducive to the de- for fifteen cents a day_ Children are velopment and spread of diseases; brought in from six o'clock in the morning until closing time at eight in Tuberculosis and trachoma are preva- the evening. A registered nurse and lent to a distressing degree; the death baby specialist attend to the health rate and infant mortality are high; program. Five persons are employed in various capacities to care for the In an economic sense the Indians are children. During the two years since backward, with the result that insufficient its origin, the day nursery has given incomes, low standards of living and an 14,000 days of nursery care. The Comapathetic attitude toward progress are munity Chest of New Orleans granted general; $3,000 to aid in this work.

The Indians are not yet adjusted to the Federal Penitentiary for WODlen new economic and social conditions confronting them; THE Federal Institution for Women at Alderson, W. Va., is the only one They have little knowledge of the value of its kind in the United States. It of money and land; is a prison planned by women, for women and operated by women. There The intermittent and generally small are at present 314 inmates, under the incomes from land sales, leases and per care of a staff of twenty. It is thought capita payments from tribal funds en- the number will now increase, since courage idleness and retard progress; judges heretofore have often refused to sentence offenders because of the The survey party also reports that it lack of adequate places for their infound too much evidence of suffering and carceration. Now all women sentenced discontent to subscribe to the belief that in United States courts will be sent the Indians are reasonably satisfied with there. Offenses for which women are their condition. sent irtcIude violation of the prohibi- tion or narcotic acts, tampering with Three fundamental recommenda- or misuse of the mails, counterfeiting tions for improving the Indian service or any offense against federal law. were made by the Survey Commission: In conformity with the aim of the 1. The creation, in connection with the institution to reform rather than pun- Washington office, of a professional and ish. an effort is made to create a minscientific Division of Planning and De- iature community, under conditions as velopment; nearly ideal as possible, and the bene- ficial effect of useful activity is 2. A material strengthening of the brought to bear. They are not called school and reservation forces that are in convicts, prisoners or even inmates, direct contact with the Indians and are but "girls," and precaution is taken to responsible for developing and improving prevent the stigma of "criminal" from their economic and social conditions attaching to them in later life. For through education in the broadest sense example, Red Cross certificates to of the work; those who have completed the course in practical nursing are issued by the 3. The maximum practical decentral- National Headquarters in Washington, ization of authority so that to the fullest rather than by the local chapter at extent initiative and responsibility may Alderson. Religious services are held be vested in the local officers in direct regularly and all must attend, but viscontact with the Indians.-Congregation- iting ministers are required to avoid alist. mentioning criminal careers in their sermons.-Presbyterian Survey. Negro Church PrograDl THE People's Community Center of New Orleans is reaching out to serve its community. It has found places for more than 2,500 domestics in New Orleans. placing Over 1,000 persons in 1927. The character of applicants is investigated, and the bureau has built up a real reputation for furnishing reliable domestic help.

In 1926 there was but one day nursery in New Orleans for colored children. with a capacity of forty. People's Community Center organized a model day nursery, using the method advocated by the Russell Sage Foun-

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Training for World Friendship. By Ina done to these faiths. Carey went to Corinne Brown. 203 pp. $1.00. Nash- preach the Gospel of righteousness ville, Tenn. 1929. and salvation through a Holy God and His Divine Son. His work and the This book is written primarily for work of missions throughout the leaders of young people, but we won- world has been based on the Apostolic der what the effect ""ill be on young Gospel of Christ. There is no other people who, without historical back- Gospel today. Reforms without regrounds of Christian missions, read generation do not succeed in transher criticisms on the motives and forming men and nations, nor is any methods of the earlier missionaries. harmonious adjustment with Oriental faiths possible. Kali Ghat, Benares, In the first chapter Miss Brown in- and other centers of heathen worship dicts the missionary message, which cannot be harmonized with the pure she states has prevailed, as follows: Gospel of Jesus Christ. Missionaries of the past have sought first the It (this method) has made our mis- Kingdom of God and His righteoussionary endeavors a gesture of pity ness and these other things of social rather than an act of faith. It has betterment have been added. . Carey painted the rest of the world black and did the most remarkable literary work America white. It has made the non- ever attempted by one man in his Christian religions products of the Devil translations of the Scriptures. He and their leaders scheming priests who was forerunner of all industrial misdeliberately deceive the people. It has sionaries with his successful indigo pictured the sin and misery and sorrow, plantation. He was an ardent worker the poverty and illiteracy of other coun- for moral reform and against evils tries, the queer customs, the different embedded in Indian religious beliefs. ways, the unusual, the bizarre, the hideous, the bad. And then it has spoken We cannot agree with Miss Brown in glowing terms of what the missionary in her premise. We do agree with efforts of our own land have accom- her heartily in the need of training plished. for world friendship. This we can This indictment is disproved by have without any compromise between work and results of the missionaries the missionary and the terrible evils who laid foundations through the against which he must still contend. past century. They have not justified evils in America. They went to preach The second part of this book gives the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ, valuable suggestions for missionary the Saviour of sinners, which Amer- education. We wish that Miss Brown ica needs as truly as other lands. If we are to wait until America is per- might add to her book some of the fect before we carry this Gospel then great examples of missionaries who we must wait until all have passed on. did not fail in sacrifice even unto England was far from perfect when death and whose methods were the Carey went to preach this Gospel of methods of the New Testament, and Christ in India. He fought such in- produced remarkable results. Is not stitutions as child marriage, suttee the success less marked in recent and unspeakable immoralities of hea- years since institutionalism, higher thenism. Apparently Miss Brown feels that grave injustice has been 893

education and social service have been losophy, and a prominent educator, says, "What we want is a force and stressed rather than the Gospel? We motive" (p. 46). The authors of the book are convinced that "The message cannot change the Divine order. All of the Cross of Christ is Japan's su- preme need today." But their intermen must find not merely a great pretation of its value appears to be, not so much the atoning substitutionteacher, a leader in social reform, but ary work of Christ as the sacrifice of self for others. They think that the a Saviour from sin. Society will "new conception of self-expression" gained from the story of Christ's never be saved in the mass nor will it death, and "the message of the Risen Lord" will supply the new power debe saved by mere reformers. Men manded by present conditions (pp. 65, and women must still be regenerated 66). It is true that results of Christian as individuals if the world is to be effort in Japan through six decades saved. L. w. P. are inadequate and the growth of the Japan and Christ. By M. S. Murao and church has been slow, though the in- W. H. Murray Walton. 172 pp. 28. fluence of Christian ideas on the na- 6d. London. 1928. tion has been great. Some of the reasons for this lack of satisfactory Many books have been written Christian progress are clearly pointed about Japan by wise and understand- out but two others might have been ing men who help a foreigner to see stressed, especially for the help of with Japanese eyes, but there is per- younger missionaries. The first is haps none which will so quickly as the lack of thorough Bible studythis bring him to a clear and sym- comparing Scripture with Scripture. pathetic understanding of the country Few, even of the consecrated, able and people. This is especially valu- Japanese Christians are acquainted able to the missionary who' desires to bring to the Japanese a vision of the with the true value of the Old Testa- Heavenly Father whom he worships ment. This leads to a lack of a proper and of the Saviour through whom he understanding of the necessity, meanhas received deliverance, life and new power. ing and message of the Cross of Christ and of the teaching of the New Even those of long residence often Testament. They have little realizafail to realize the vital significance of tion that God is holy and righteous as many common customs and, therefore, well as merciful-abhorring and punare unable to sense the difficulties to ishing sin as well as loving the sinbe overcome, or to find a right way ner. There is little apparent sense of approach. Salient points in the of inward sin before His holy eyes. history of the country and of its reli- Repentance and confession of sin are gious beliefs show the development of not often stressed, even in evangelischaracteristics which differ greatly tic meetings, except in case of the from those of other peoples, and more heinous and open sins. which cause them to be misjudged. The authors of this volume show The second great lack among the clearly the lamentable effects of the Japanese is the failure to emphasize friction caused by the change in edu- the Person and work of the Holy cational ideals and methods, and the Spirit in the Church, in individual danger of making schools into ma- Christians and in the world and our chines rather than into places for the dependence on Him. We note these development of character and power two great lacks when we compare the to serve. young Japanese Church with the early Church of Acts. The greatest Present social conditions in Japan are vividly described, the seething unrest and bewildered search for relief from the conflicting forces reveal Japan's imperative need as it is felt by many eminent Japanese leaders. Anezski, a believer in Buddhist phi-

BOOKS WORTH READING

value of the book lies in the clear get larger farms," "to become farm showing through history and the owners." There is no quest of reli- forces that worked in the national de- gious liberty in their minds. Their velopment, of what the missionary Rom a n Catholic and Lutheran will meet in the mental attitude and churches are their cherished institu- spiritual life of the people, so that he tions. So it is the economic in- may more quickly effect a sympathetic stitutions of the states that assist approach to the people in his efforts them most in becoming Americans.

to lead them to Christ. H. P. C. Next in order is political action, to which they show an eager interest; Immigrant Farmers and Their Children. then social and civic institutions of By Edmund deS. Brunner. 277 pp. $2.75. New York. 1929. the community, the public schools, to which they send their children; last Several important questions have of all the American churches in vilbeen answered by Dr. Brunner in this lages and open country receive them excellent, substantial volume which into the structure of American life. treats of some subjects on which there This book pays a tribute to the was no reliable information. The Rom a n Catholic and Lutheran book has four masterly studies of churches of foreign speech, which communities or settlements of rural some anxious Americans will do well national groups, which alone are of to read. The writer says that their the worth of a book. It is well made, ministers are better educated than readable, and of convenient size, and are the average rural ministers in this gives to rural ministers and mission country. They serve longer as pas- .executives solid and reliable knowl- tors. They live with their people in edge on which to base the programs those sections in which the American of the parish and of the nation. ministers are absentee preachers, and The body of the volume is a careful their people attend and support their analysis of the numbers of rural im- rural churches better than the older migrants, their colonies, distribution, American churches are attended and and their assimilation to the Ameri- supported. Best of all, their pastors can population. One-fourth of the are sympathetic to the American foreign-born population is in the rural trend and are helping their people to communities (or was in 1920); being adapt themselves to the ways of this about three millions, of whom one- country, rather than imitate the half are farmers. In the order of size country from which they came.

they are populations of Germans, Nor- But the most interesting part of the wegians, Canadians, Mexicans, Brit- book, to those who care for the ish, with Italians, Poles, Dutch, Finns, church, is the chapter which discusses Irish and Swiss. The first named the relation of the American-speaking number over one hundred forty thou- churches with these rural immigrants sand, the last named about thirteen (pages 125 to 127). It is a story of thousand, in their population groups indifference, poor equipment, and lack in the last census. Two and a half of trained workers. But there is this times as many more are the children general statement, "that with equip- of these nationalities living in the ment to fit the need, trained workers, country. They attain American citi- a broad enough program, and regular zenship before their city fellow-na- help from the mission boards, success- tionals. Dr. Brunner records with ful work can be accomplished." Then gratification that the rural community follows the story, briefly told, of the shows a power of Americanization admirable work of the Presbyterians greater than that exhibited by the at San Gabriel, California, as an "out- city. standing example of successful Prot- These millions have come to Amer- estant work among the Mexicans-in ica "to better their condition," "to the fruit groves of the valley." The

observations of this survey are then Our Children; Renewal; The Sacrasummarized in the sentence-"The new American has made good on the ment; Lent. land but the Church has not made good with the new American." The principal emphasis is in pray- The picture as a whole presented in ers for Healing, with petitions under this volume is a hopeful one. Even the effect of recent immigration laws such titles as : You and Your Sickis described as good, in a measure; while the pictures of the colonies of ness; What to Do and How to Think rural immigrants, appended to the survey, exhibit them in a state of de- About Your Illness; Before an Operavelopment of which the earlier settlers of this country would have been tion; Recovery from Sickness. proud, could they have enjoyed it. But the service rendered them by The price of the book seems high; churches, in their transition from Europe to America, is that of conser- but it is worth the cost. These prayvation of their birthright religion, speaking generally, rather than of ers will be especially helpful to those evangelization by the American Protestant churches. who feel their need of Divine Guid- WARREN H. WILSON. ance. JAMES F. RIGGS.

Prayers for the Way. John S. Bunting. A Remarkable Biblical Discovery-or "The 55 pp. $1.25. Philadelphia. 1928. Name" of God According to the Scrip- tures. By William Phillips Hall. This little book deals very practi- 12mo. 175 pp. $1.50. New York. cally with the daily problems of ordi- 1929. nary life. The phrasing is good, strong in its choice of words, sensitive God, the eternal and the infinite, is to the best aspirations of the human an inexhaustible subject for study heart, and sensible in point of view. and experience. Everything connected The prayers are heart-cries to God with Him seems to offer a mine of for help. Such a book is demanded by wealth – His physical creation, His the complexities of modern life. Word, and His spiritual world. This little volume, by the president of the An example of these prayers is as American Tract Society, reveals the follows: "May we remember the pov- same quality in the very name of God. erty of any life that lacks faith in In his very rich and useful study, Mr. Thee, and the disappointment of any Hall calls attention to the name "I success that has not been won with am" (Jehovah), by which God revealed Thy Spirit. . . . May no disappoint- Himself in the Old· Testment times ment today cast us down, and no suc- as He revealed Himself in the New cess flush us with pride, and no sud- Testament times through the Lord den temptation make our feet slip. Jesus Christ. Efforts have been made May we beware of any impatient by unbelievers to weaken or destroy word with others that may lead us to faith in the inspiration of the Scripmistrust them. And may we avoid the tures and in the deity of Christ. This spirit of judgment and condemnation study by Mr. Hall offers valuable and which hurts our faith in Thee because inspiring evidence of the truth of it shakes our faith in men." those claims. He believes that he has discovered truths that have been lost A number of prayers have to do sight of for centuries. with such questions as Loneliness; The Day of Trouble; Justice; Disappoint- The Jews would not utter the name ment; The Defeated; The Home; Jahve for fear of taking the ineffable name of God "in vain." The name "Lord" was substituted for Jahve as the name of the eternal God in the Old Testament. Mr. Hall shows that this name has the same significance when it is used to refer to Jesus Christ in the New Testament and by the early Church. He points out that Christ came "with his Father's name, Lord" (Matthew 21: 9). The apostles "called

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1929

Ewing

THE BIBLICAL SEMINARY IN NEW YORK DR. WILBERT W. WHITE, President DEGREES IN THEOLOGY AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION The Biblical Seminary in New York (interdenominational) calls the attention of students to the fact that its courses leading to the following degrees have been approved and registered by the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York: In the Department of Theology: Bachelor of Sacred Theology, Master of Sacred Theology, and Doctor of Sacred Theology.

In the Department of Religious Education: Bachelor of Religious Education, MaBter of Religious Edul"ation, and Doctor of Religious Education.

In addition the Seminary ("onducts a Department of Missions and a Department of Social Service.

The most modern pedagogical principles are employed in all departmentB. Bible Study in on,,'s mother tongue is the organizing principle of the curricnlum, hut with due regard to the other dbdplines belonging to each department.

Write for Catalogue, stating depa.tment in which you are interested. Address DR. WALTER E. BACHMAN, Dean, 235 East 49th Street, New York Publishers of THE BIBLICAL REVIEW A neW McConnell book on missions MISSIONARIES·· is an event Save Money —-:Ll:—- on Christmas Gifts HUMAN Missionaries: Now is the time to select NEEDS and your Christmas gifts. Accredited Mi.- sionaries are granted 100/0 discount on all WORLD orders of $50.00 or over taken from our CHRISTIANITY current ·general catalogues.

~¥. BISHOP FRANCIS J. McCONNELL Churcheo: Our Missionary Bnreau will relieve you of much worry and tell you President 01 the Federal Council 01 Churches how to save on Christmas donations and supplies for Missions. Here is a volume of prophetic significance. It emphasizes Field Secretaries: Antieipate the Holiday the human value that lies at needs of your stations. Communicate now the base of the Christian world with our Missionary Burea u for special task. "The present day argu- wholesale discounts on large orders. ment for Christianity … must consist as never before in act- A free copy of the famons Montgomery ual human results, which pre- Ward catalogue upon request. pare for and lead toward the vision of God." MONTGOMERY WARD &COMPANY $1.50 Missionary Bureau Chicago, U. S. A.

FRIENDSHIP PRESS 150 Fifth Ave., New York Please mention THE llIsRIONAR'L REVIEW OJ!' THE "TORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD DR. CHARLES L. WHITE, for twenty-one years Secretary of the American Baptist DEI,AVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Home Mission Society, has offered his resignation to take effect October first. CONTENTS-AUGUST, 1929 Dr. White was formerly president of Colby College and is now a Director of Page the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING FRONTISPIECE ……………….. . COMPANY and President of the Home Missions Council. Dr. White plans to How A GREAT CITY LOORS FROM THE devote himself to other important de- AIR. NEW YORK J:r'I~ANCIAL DISTRICT nominational and interdenominational activities. 'i'RA~.S~~)~.~[~.~~O~.SR~~E;:~f~~~~s~;.;, 581 *** TIlE. :.HU.R~~! .~N.D ?~lf{A~~J;~~S'R~Y 585 FRANK OLDRIEVE, ESQ., secretary of BUILDING CHRISTIAN CHARACTER the British Empire Leprosy Association and formerly of India, has resigned as ~~. I~D~.STR1A';U~L . W.' 'GRAi,>,j,;" 587 secretary of the Association and will make his home in Southern Rhodesia. LIFE-ITS MEANING AND USE ….. Dr. Robert G. Cochrane, recently of India, son of Dr. Thomas Cochrane, · •…•……. SADHU 8UNDAR SINGl! 590 editor of the World Dominion, is to suc- ceed Dr. Oldrieve as Secretary. AN INTERESTING CRUISE IN NICA· RAGUA '" .KENNETH G. HAMILTON 594 *** DIFF'ICUL'l' TIMES IN ALBANIA ….. DR. JOHN R. MOTT has recently re- • • • • • . . . . • . . . PHINEAS B. KENNEOY GOO turned from a world tour, during which he conferred with national Christian . G03 DR. c"lIi;rt~.:Y ~?::~~. ~~S.:E.~~. ~I~ leaders in India, China and Japan. The Japanese Emperor conferred upon him A. G07 PRESENTING CHRIST TO NEW the "First Class Order of the Sacred AMERICANS ….. H. McK,NNEY Treasure" in recognition of his services in promoting friendship between Japan ARE lIIISSIONARIES WANTED IN and America. This decoration is one of BRAZIL? . . . . . . . . . . ERASMO BRAGA (311 many conferred on Dr. Mott by foreign governments, EBEN E. OLCOTT. A CHRISTIAN LAY· MAN . . . . "TIl.]~I.UI 1. CHAl.IBERL.H~ G14 ** THE HAVANA CHRISTIAN CONGRESS FRANK A. HORNE, vice-president of the · …….•…………. E. A. ODELL 617 Board of Foreign Missions of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, recently received TOPICS OF 'l'HE TIMES …………. 621 the degree of Doctor of Commercial Science from Boston University. He is INTERNATIONAL ~IIssro~ARr COUNCIL, president of the Merchants Refrigerating Company; a helper of Herbert Hoover DICTATORSHIP AND LIBERTY I='l ITALY. in the United States Food Administra- tion during the World War; distin- AT THE HAVANA, CONGRESS. guished friend of many religious, wiTH PAPAl, PEACE educational and philanthropic causes. Iv!EXICO, *** THE OUTLOOK IN CHINA. DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, editor of The METHODS FOR WORKERS .•..•••••. Moslem World, has recently returned to ••… EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSO~ 625 his work in Cairo. He has been elected to the chair of missions in Princeton WOl>lAN'S FOREIGN MISS.!ON BUL· Theological Seminary and to a similar position in the Presbyterian Seminary ~~.~~~DJT;'i; ";,' fui,j,;A' jj: MACL~u~iN 031 at Chicago. He has not yet signified his acceptance of either position. He WOMAN'S HOllIE MISSION BULLETIN served as a missionary of the Reformed Church in Arabia, 1891-1905, and has be- · •• EDlTED BY ~-'l.JORENCE E. QUIXLAN 634 come an authority upon missionary work for Moslems. WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK ………… 037 REV. CHARLES E. SCHAEFFER, D.D., BOOKS WORTH READING .••.••….• 053 General Secretary of the Board of Home Missions of the Reformed Church in the TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of U. S., was elected president of the Genfive.) F-oreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, eral Synod of that church at its recent 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, annual meeting. Dr. Schaeffer is one of the active forces in the missionary enter- 1928, by lIISS]ONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- prises and is a member of the Editorial Council of the REVIEW. PANY, INC. All rights reserved THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President DEI,AVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary WAf.JTER McDOUGALL, Trea8urer Publication Office, 3d & Reily St., Harrisburg, Pa. 250 a copy. $2.50 a year.

Editorial and Business Office. 156 Fifth Avenu~, New York City Flntered os second-class matter at the Post Oflice, HarriRlJUrg, PUo, unuer Act of .l.larch 3. 1879. DR. C. H. HOLLEMAN, a Reformed I ,• Presbyterian Church missionary, arrived in Amoy, China, on June 23d, after a LET YOUR GIFT thrilling experience with bandits who captured him on May 23d. His captors to Foreign Missions marched him to Yungting with his hands tied behind his back. On May 27th, PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME military forces of Fukien Province threatened to attack and during the You can make a generous gift to foreign misflurry he escaped to a vacant house near sions and have a needed income for yourself by and hid in a giant rice kettle. That and others from the money you give by the night he made his way to friendly Chinese who hid him for two days, pro- Annuity Gift Plan vided him with food, clothing and money. Then he fled to Taipuhsien, Kwangtung, This plan relieves you of uncertainty and and hid in the British mission hospital worry caused by changing values of invested for twenty days. The bandits were Com- funds and assures you a fixed income of munists and wanted money. Mrs. Holleman and her children and Rev. and Mrs. 4!% to 9% per year Poppen escaped but the mission premises were looted. Dr. Holleman expects to for the rest ofyour life return to Lungyenchow as soon as conditions permit. A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. ** Protect yourself agalnst loss through FRED B. SMITH, Chairman of the Na- unwise investments and at the same time tional Citizen's Committee of 1,000 on help send the gospel to all the world. Law Enforcement and a prominent leader in the Men and Religious Movement, was For full £nformation write elected President of the Council of Congregational Churches at a recent meet- Ern••t F. Hall, Secretary, Dept. 01 Annuifi~. ing in Detroit. BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS *** of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

MISS MARIE MONSEN, a Norweg-ian 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Lutheran missionary since 1901 at Nanyang, Honan, was captured on April 23d OOMING EVENTS by Chinese pirates in their attack on a Yellow River steamer off Lungchow. August. International Congress of Miss Monsen was returning to China Christian Youth under the auspices of after a furlough and was on her way to the World's Alliance for International Hwanghsien to cooperate with the Amer- Friendship through the Churches-Gerican Baptist Mission. She was later re- many. leased by the pirates. August 3-9. World's Committee of Y. ** M. C. A.-Geneva.

CANON SELL of Madras (C. M. S.), August 7-14. Conference of the Inhas completed sixty-three years in India. ternational Fellowship of Reconciliation His literary output has been phenomenal, -Lyons, France. and he is now at work on his fortieth book. These books include twenty-three August 11-16. School of Home Misvolumes of Old Testament commentaries sions–Chautauqua, N. Y. and a number of publications on Islam. Through the help of the S. P. C. K., 200 August 18-23. School of Foreign Mis- Indian pastors have each a whole set of sions-Chautauqua, N. Y. commentaries. Little Christian literature has been written by Indians or with August 21-28. School of Missionsthe needs of India specially in view. Kerrville, Texas.

*** August 27. Continuation Committee of the Faith and Order Conference- A CORRECTION Maloja Palace, Switzerland.

REV. B. H. NIEBEL, Missionary Secre- August 28-September 1. Twelfth Antary of the Missionary Society of the nual Conference on "Human Relations in Evangelical Church, calls our attention Industry"-Silver Bay-on-Lake George, to an error in the statistics of this church N. Y. as quoted 'from Dr. Henry K. Carroll in the June REVIEW. Instead of a decrease September 2-13. Summer School for of 5,264 in membership for the year end- Rural Pastors-Bangor, Maine. ing August 31, 1928, there should have been recorded a net gain of 3,106 for the September 30-0ctober 4. School of year. There were a year ago 212,671 Home and Foreign Missions – Dallas, members. Texas.

October 15-16. School of Missions- Warren, Ohio.

Please mention TaR MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE "TORLD in writing to advertisers. HOW A GREAT CITY LOOKS FROM THE AIR. NEW YORK FINANCIAL DISTRICT (Note the Ant·Like Human Beings in Battery Park.)

LII, No.8 August

TRANSFORMATIONS IN CAMEROUN BY REV. ROBERT M. RUSSELL, Larchmont, New York E IGHT years ago a native abundant. In the Mbam River in evangelist began work in the dry season are the hippo and Yaounde, Cameroun, West crocodile. When the rains begin Africa. Four years later, Rev. and the rivers rise rapidly and in a Mrs. Joseph McNeill, missionaries few weeks communication with of the Presbyterian Church, were Bafia is likely to be cut off. assigned to open up an outstation. This is the country of the leop- Unlike most stations visited on ard and the lion. A frightened a recent tour in this field, Bafia is bush cat crossed the road before in the grass country. One can see us and ran into the jungle. A bush from thirty to forty miles over the cow was seen on the edge of the grassy plain toward the encircling mission compound a week ago, and hills. It was here that only twelve here are found four varieties of years ago, native tribes declared a antelope, the wild hog, numerous truce for market day, by taking varieties of monkeys and snakes human life. Someone, old or of various kinds.

young, was designated by the head- These people are tillers of the man of the tribe as the sacrifice, soil and, under the direction of and both tribes set to with cut- able and powerful headmen, have lasses and claimed their bit of planted their gardens well. They human flesh before the trading be- Rupplement their diet with game gan. The people then dressed as killed by spears or bows and arthey first came into the world, save rows.

for some trivial amulet or charm, The prevailing diseases of the the patent stopper of a modern country have wrought their awful bottle or some equally absurd nov- havoc and taken their dreadful toll. elty. From their mud house, Mr. Leprosy, syphilis and minor ail- and Mrs. McNeill taught patiently ments have kept the small mission the things of God. dispensary busy in an attempt to Crossing the Senega and Mbam minister to human needs. Sleep- Rivers on ferries made of planks ing sickness has begun its work, laid across four large dugout and so frightened are the natives canoes, we followed the well con- of the French Sleeping Sickness structed road by motor truck to Commission that they hide them- the country where animal life is selves for days rather than submit 581

to examination and treatment as teen. A native licentiate, Mvondo required by the government. Atyam, a charming man and a powerful preacher, was ordained At a conference of the evangel- as pastor in October. Both he and ists and teachers, we learned of a his wife are outstanding results of great number of orphaned children the missionary effort. in that district and, at the first service, we were astounded to learn There are twenty-six evangelthat there were two hundred and istic points in the district, fifteen eleven orphans (or one out of of which can be reached by motorevery four children in the gather- cycle. Mr. Newhouse goes out for ing) present. One boy in the home three and four weeks at a time and of Mr. and Mrs. Newhouse, the makes it a point to meet every present missionaries in charge, Christian in the village and make had been deserted by his mother a brief examination as to their A BIBLE READERS CLASS, PRESBYTERIAN MISSION, BAFIA, WEST AFRICA years ago, and had but recently faith and their conduct. I know found her. The needs of these un- of no one more conscientious or cared for children must be met, faithful in his devotion to his task, but where to begin is the question. and the Sunday service well illus- Of the 86,000 people in the district, trated the thoroughness of his thousands of children are orphans, labors. having lost their parents by death or by desertion. Long before eight o'clock in the morning, the roads were filled The Girls' School has one hundred and twenty-five in attend- with people journeying to the ance; the station Bulu school one hundred and twenty. The French church. This had been enlarged school, under able native leader- and a native roof extended from ship, enrolls two hundred and four- one building to give protection from the sun. By nine fifteen, every seat was filled and chairs

TRANSFORMATIONS IN CAMEROUN

and boxes were lined outside with- siderate and thoughtful. On the in hearing distance. As we en- day of our visit, Machan, another tered the building, it seemed as equally powerful headman, sent though thousands of palm birds Mrs. Newhouse a goat with which were chattering, but in an instant to entertain her guests. One of his there was worshipful silence. sons is a confessing Christian. While he is an aggressive Moham- The native licentiate took a medan, and is doing all he can in prominent part in the service with a peaceful way to promote his Mr. Newhouse, and it was my faith, yet he is, willingly or otherprivilege to speak, Dr. Johnston wise, tolerant of the Christians and interpreting into Bulu, while three PART o~' A SUNDAY MORNING CONGREGATION, BAFIA, WEST Al"RICA other interpreters translated si- appreciative of our educational multaneously into Bafia, Yembassi and Osenanga. It was a wonder- work. ful experience; the interruption In the audience, the evangelists' due to the interpreting did not affect the worship of the hour. wives were dressed in their finest – gowns imported from Paris. Think of the change that has The sizes showed that they had come into that community in seven been purchased from some mail years! To my left was Ndenge, a order house. Bright kerchiefs were native headman, ruling 35,000 peo- used as head pieces, and, in fact, ple. He has fourteen wives and is the women Board members at our a nominal Moslem, but very con- General Assembly in America, could not have looked finer ($1.30

a yard at McCutcheons!). The from another church. It was my older women sat, for the most privilege to baptize the remaining part, by themselves, dressed in six-a woman well on in years, very scanty attire. The men have three boys, a young man and a picked up European styles and younger woman. This is one of were dressed in their best. Some the very happy memories of my attires were hardly in keeping with visit to Cameroun. "what the well dressed man will wear." A dinner jacket seemed The audience numbered nearly out of place before the noon hour, 3,000, and was the largest service but they were respectful and knew ever held at Bafia. Having begun at 9: 30, we adjourned at 11: 30, A BULU MISSIONARY SCHOOL TEACHER .permitting those who were nGt AND HIS FAMILY communicant members of the church to withdraw. Then we met something of the meaning and sig- a little group of about 200 to celenificance of the Lord's Day wor- brate together the Holy Supper of ship. our Lord. To become a church member in Africa, requires first Mr. Newhouse and his session a confession and straightening out had worked for days examining of all illicit relationships, then the candidates. Many were refused person is on probation for at least for various reasons, but chiefly on a year. If no charges of any kind grounds of adultery. Seven, how- can be brought against them, they ever, presented themselves to join are advanced into the second catethe church, one coming by letter chumen class where they remain for another year or longer. They are then baptized and received as members into the church. At the present time, there are 2,300 in the first catechumen class, 600 in the second catechumen class, and the membership now stands at 231. This is a mighty tribute to the ef- forts of our missionaries. I mar- vel at their patience and their endurance. In a section where there is but an occasional trader or government man, they live and move and have their being with a single purpose of presenting Christ and establishing the Christian con- science in a backward people where conscience means very little. It is with great joy that I think of this visit of not more than forty-eight hours. It would have been incom- plete had I not seen with mine own eyes the power of the living Christ there.

CHURCH AND THE

BY REV. RANDOLPH RAY, D.D., New York City Rector of the Ohurcli of the Trmnsjiyuration I T IS estimated that more than ground that the actors did not 18,000 men and women are en- want an alliance with the Church, gaged in the theatrical profes- but wished to be in a guild of sion in New York and vicinity. workers in the Church. The Ro- Contrary to the impression of man Catholics recognized this very many people, the actor is almost important difference and organized always incurably religious. He is a Catholic Actors' Guild, some highly emotional by nature and is fifteen years ago. This Guild now the possessor of that indefinable has several thousand members, thing, the artistic temperament. with headquarters at 220 West The artist is born psychic, not in Forty-second Street. It has a the sense of dealing with the oc- number of chaplains and lay work- cult, or spiritism, but he has a ers and is actively engaged in re- large soul and is inherently spirit- ligious and philanthropic work.

ual. A distinguished actress said Three years ago the Jewish to the writer, "I believe that we, Theatrical Guild of America was as a class, have greater capacity organized and now numbers many for feeling and knowing God-that thousand nembers. Mr. William we need God-more than any other Morris is the President and it is group of people. Why is it we so doing a most active work with often allow ourselves to become headquarters at 1560 Broadway.

shut away, lost in the mrelstrom of Out of an active group of Prot- the physical, and smash and blun- estant actors and members of der so blindly?" kindred professions grew the The theatre and the pulpit are "Episcopal Actors' Guild of Amer- more closely related than seems ica" with headquarters at Np. 1 apparent to a casual observer. The East Twenty-ninth Street, New phrase "Church and stage" are York. In less than five years this often spoken of as two organiza- has gathered more than two thou- tions opposed to each other. We sand professional members in ad- do not so refer to the "Church and dition to nearly one thousand the law," or the "Church and church men and women off the the medical profession," or the stage. Mr. George Arliss is the "Church and civil engineering." President and the National Head- The members of the theatrical quarters are at the Church of the profession belong to the stage as a Transfiguration, for many years profession or vocation, but they affectionately known to actors as are children of the Church and are "The Little Church Around the as a class no better, no worse than Corner." The association of the members of other vocations. theatrical profession with this In the reorganization of the parish dates back to the early sev- Actors' Church Alliance great op- enties, when the Reverend George position to the use of this name Hendric Houghton interested him- came primarily from the members self in the religious welfare of the of the theatrical profession, on the actors. Up to that time the oppo- 585

sition to the stage on the part of conventional life that surround many church people had bred a and restrain the average business prejudice which Dr. Houghton did man or society woman form no much to overcome. It was Joseph such barriers for him. His temp- Jefferson who pronounced the en- tations are greater, his freedom is dearing benediction "God bless the appalling. Great credit is due to Little Church Around the Corner" those who accomplish a sane and when burial had been refused normal life, and the actor, on the George Holland, a well-known ac- whole, does accomplish this. The tor, at a neighboring church. marital scandals and wild orgies of These guilds help to link more a comparatively small number closely to the church members of make news for our daily press, but, the theatrical profession. Their under most adverse circumstances, chaplains visit sick actors in the the average actors live happy, hospitals and in their homes, and beautiful home lives as contented in other ways minister to their wives, affectionate and loyal hus- physical and spiritual needs. The bands, self-sacrificing children. I Episcopal Churches of St. Mary know many men and women on the the Virgin, and St. Clements, stage who make practical applica- (both on West 46th Street), are in tion of their faith, not only in the very heart of the theatrical working out their religious and world and hundreds of actors at- moral problems, but the problems tend their services. of their profession. At the close The Union Methodist Episcopal of service in my church one Sun- Church (on West 48th Street) is day morning, a very unactressy also doing wonderful work among looking woman spoke to me at the them. St. Malachy's Roman Cath- door and said: "For years in the olic Church (West 49th St.) is days of hard work and bitter dis- specially set aside as an actor's couragements, it was my custom church and a special Mass at mid- to come here and pray, going out day on Sunday is largely and faith- with renewed strength to work.

fully attended by members of the Today I feel as if, indeed, God had profession. A large number of answered my many prayers." She actors also find a home in The was the star in a very successful Little Church Around the Corner. and wholesome Broadway play.

(Fifth Avenue and 29th St.). Another actress, known on both Unfortunately, public opinion sides of the Atlantic, came to me still generally holds that the actor and said "I have not taken com- is usually immoral or unmoral, ir- munion in many years. I thought religious or unreligious, and gener- I had lost God. I came here to the ally wild. It is true, that the actor church recently in great sorrow.

is most unconventional. He works The little light there of God's Pres- when others play-steps out of ence," pointing to the Sanctuary character to dance and dine when Lamp, "has drawn me back to him.

other people are starting to bed. Will you prepare me for commu- He sleeps when others work. It is nion ?"

therefore, much more of an effort The Guilds and religious organ- for him to attend an early Mass or izations are organized to encourage an eleven o'clock service than for and increase mutual interest and most of us. The repressions of sympathy between the clergy and

BUILDING CHRISTIAN CHARACTER IN INDUSTRY

the members of the profession. theatre shall stand one hundred per They are national societies and cent for integrity and honest dealsome of them have chaplains all ing. We want to build a reputaover the United States to carryon tion for such standards that there this work among resident or visit- will be no need of censorship, that ing players. Every clergyman in the theatre may be indeed the the City of New York might well handmaid of religion, morality and be an active member of one of the highest culture." A large numthese organizations and do all in ber of actors are sons and daughhis power to interest his parish- ters of clergymen; some of the men ioners in it so that they may under- have studied for the ministry; and stand the actor and may help and many more have grown up in encourage him as a member of the Christian homes. They love and Church of Christ. reverence the Church and Guilds are means of keeping them loyal Many will be surprised to find to their traditions, of bringing how earnest actors are to work back those who have lost them, of for high standards of morality and making new friends for Christ and beauty. One actor, speaking of a recent organization for better His Church. * plays, says: "We have pledged ourselves, no matter what the fu- tjc There are also several organizations of ture success may be, that the l)rtoI's thnt make for moral stamina and higher I5tundards. Srvpral of these are officered or sponsored by faithful members of the Church.

BUILDING CHRISTIAN CHARACTER IN INDUSTRY BY DR. SAMUEL W. GRAFFLIN, New York Religious lVork D'ircvtor oj the lr(J~t Side Y. .M. G. A.

T HERE is only one reason for wiser and kinder in their attitude, being in business. It is to and to make those who work more make money. Whenever a efficient and contented to the end man tells you he is in business for that when they assume the manageany other reason I believe that he ment, as some of them of necessity is not telling the truth. There is will, they may be better fitted by only one reason for getting up and that education and training to asgoing to work every day. It is to sume the direction and supervision make a living for one's self and of their fellowmen. family and to provide for one's old age and retirement. Years ago we realized the value of the industrial shop meeting as With the present organization a character building enterprise. of industry, in great shops and fac- By character I mean Christian tories, there is, however, an oppor- character-Christ founded, Christ tunity to present education and inspired, Christ patterned and built spiritual truth to the workers in up in the belief that only that charthat factory and to the manage- acter that is sound at heart and ment in their executives' and fore- touched with real Christian love men's meetings in such a way as to can be abiding and worth while. sweeten the line from top to bottom, to make the men who manage To some the shop meeting pro- gram may consist in nothing but

the presentation of "Gospel Truth." the correction of bad habits, health We have conducted certain shop in the home, in the shop, safety meetings for years in which noth- talks, community health. In other ing was used except the Bible story words, a gospel for the body.

and the spiritual lesson drawn Then there is a gospel for the from it; shop meetings in which mind. Ignorance and vice are too the opportunity was given for pub- closely associated for us not to lic Christian decision. We have realize the need for such a mes- also conducted other shop meetings sage.

in which the very character, ignor- There is also an industrial gos- ance, illiteracy and non-Christian pel. That man would be recreant background of the personnel made to his trust who did not make clear such a program impossible. Only to those whom he addressed the on great festival occasions in which value of being an effective, skilled it would be naturally expected that craftsman, whatever the task.

we mention Christ and Christianity There is the great spiritual gos- did we present the Christian mes- pel of Christ. A careful reading of sage. On other occasions where the life and teaching of Jesus will the Bible ,was used we drew our show that He cheered, comforted, stories and illustrations from the healed, instructed, taught econom- Old Testament, as did Jesus and ics, rebuked harshness, bitterness, the early disciples. and oppression in such a way that As a result of experience we no matter what He said or taught have been able to work out a Gos- men turned to Him for vision and pel message for shop workers, to seek life and help from God.

which we call "The Five Point There is also the Gospel of serv- Man," which is placed in the hands ice, in which the strong man, the of those who speak in the shops. wise man, the efficient man, the The body of man is the temple good man, places his talents at the of the Holy Spirit; the mind of disposal of the less favored.

man contains that rare immortal The following topics are placed thing-imagination, the eye of the in the hands of the speakers. We soul. Man works at a task and if have never known a man who he is indifferent and non-efficient dared to prepare thoroughly for he clogs the wheels of progress and these talks, or who secured the defrauds those dependent on him. services of physician, minister, Man has a soul, a soul which must lawyer, teacher or business man to be morally sound, with a God-given deliver these talks, who did not find righteousness; God, through J e- as the result of such effort better sus Christ, stands ready to give citizenship, nobler manhood and him the divine help which he needs. womanhood, more real Christian Such a man-well of body, wise of living.

mind, industrially efficient and Many instances could be given, morally sound, can do, must do a with human interest stories by the piece of service for his less favored hundred, cases in which as many fellowmen. as ten or eleven men, strong men, On this line we have outlined a have stepped out and confessed program to last for a year: a pro- Christ while hundreds of their fel- gram to include health talks, pre- low workers stood around. One ventive hygiene, personal purity, case in particular is that of one of

A NOONDAY RELIGIOUS SHOP MEE '!'ING IN NEW YORK America's really strong labor lead- an aid to those who are so splendidly ers who was "born again" in a cooperating with us by speaking in our machine shop meeting. The whole influence of that man's life has shops, we are sending out this list of been helpful, constructive, worthwhile. We know of employers topics: whose interest in their own men has been quickened beyond meas- I – BOO1': ure by a visit to the shop meeting that was being held by those men. I-Hpnlth TalkS-Preventive Hygiene. We know of cities in which hun- Eyf"s. Ears, Nose, Thl'oat, Teeth, Feet, dreds of homes are Christian Body. homes, with family prayers, with good books and good deeds, born of 2-P ersonal Purity. the father's regeneration in a shop 3-The Correction of Ball Habits. meeting. 'I- Health In the Home. 5- Tlealth in the Shop, including Safety The industrial shop meetings are without doubt a character building ' l' n J k s enterprise. 6–CoUluiulLity Health.

THE FIVE POINT MAN TJ-TiJDUOATION: Suggestions to Shop Meeting Speakers l-Cl'ime and the 105th Grade Slacker." 2- The Highway of the Head. DEAR FRIEND: We are making an at- 3-The Importance of Education. tempt in our shop meetings to develop the idea of a "five-point man": The man As a Source of Income, As a Source who is physically fit; the man who is of Pleasure, As un Introduction to educationally trained; who is industri- Better Associations. ally efficient; who is morally soundwith a God-given righteousness-and the 4-rrhe American Form of Government man who is of service to his fellows. As Executive, Juuicial, Legislutlve.

u- Citizenship.

Ilf-INDUS1'RIAL El'FIOIENCY: l-The Master Craftsman. 2- The 1:fnn Vho Knows and Dues. 3-How to Become a Skilled Workman. 4-The Secret of Failure Among Men of Industry. 5-The Great Craftsmen of History.

IV-MORAL SOUNDNESS: l – Tbe Moral Code. 2-'I'he Holy Heroes of History. 3-The Highest Good. 4- Custom. Character and Conduct 5-The Man Christ Jesus. .

6–The Things thut Count.

Y-SERYIOFJ: l–'l'he Vision of Service. 2-·The Opportunity in Service. 3- The Oblig-lltion to Serve. 4-'l'he Uewards of Service. (I-The JOY oC Service.

LIFE-ITS MEANING AND

BY SADHU SUNDAR SINGH, Sabathu, North India L IFE, in every creature, is an deep experience of the inner life. unseen and hidden reality, As Goethe has said, "the highest whatever is seen outwardly cannot be spoken." But it can be of life is but its partial manifesta- enjoyed and put into action.

tion. The atheist fails to under- One day during my meditation stand what life is and he attributes and prayer I felt Christ's presence it to matter. But the source of life strongly. My heart overflowed must be life; lifeless matter can- with heavenly joy. I saw that in not produce life. Only those who this world of sorrow and suffering, have an intimate relation with the there is a hidden and inexhaustible Source of Life can understand this mine of great joy, of which the mystery. world knows nothing because even We cannot comprehend the real men who experience it are not able inner life of any creature, because to speak of it adequately and conit is hidden under a partial mani- vincingly. I was anxious to go festation of itself. The full mani- down to the neighbouring village festation of the spiritual life is to share that joy with others. But possible only in the spiritual because of my physical illness, world; the material world is in- there arose a conflict between my sufficient for its full expression. soul and my body. The soul wanted An animal has warmth, move- to go; the body lagged behind.

ment, growth and other signs of But finally I overcame and dragged life. These only we see and not my sick body forward and told the the life itself, of which they are people in the village what Christ's the outward signs. But by living presence had done for me and in Christ, who is the Source of would do for them. They knew Life, we can know Him as He is that I was ill and that there was in Himself, according to our needs some inner compUlsion which and capacities. By knowing Him urged me to speak to them. Thus thus we come to know ourselves though I was unable to explain all who are created after God's that Christ's presence meant to me, "image and likeness" and may that deep experience had been know also the real nature of our translated into action and men had inner life. been helped. Where the tongue is The spirit of egotism hinders us lacking, life reveals the reality. As from attaining a knowledge of St. Paul says, "The letter killeth, reality. We should not be like but the spirit giveth life." (2 Cor.

Carneades who said to his teacher: 3: 6). "If I have reasoned rightly, you As some insects with their an- are wrong; if not, 0 Diogenes, re- tennre feel their surroundings and turn me the mina I paid you for distinguish between hurtful and my lesson." Carneades was not useful things, so spiritual men, willing to admit his mistake. In through their inner senses, avoirl any case he wanted to lay the dangerous and destructive in- blame on his teacher for not hav- fluences and enjoy God's sweet and ing taught him to argue correctly. live-giving presence; they are con- rt is very difficult to explain the strained by their blissful experi- 590 ence to bear witness to God. As this life on account of its struggles Tertullian said, "whenever the soul and anxieties, may repress the will comes to itself and attains some- to live, they cannot get rid of the thing of its natural soundness, it will to believe. Even if they have speaks of God." no belief in God or in any other Almost everyone has an inner spiritual reality, they have at least capacity-some more, some less– belief in their unbelief. Pyrrho to sense spiritual truths without said, "We cannot even be sure that knowing how they have attained we are not sure."

them. As someone has said, "they The inner life or personality of know without knowing how." For man cannot be freed by changing instance, Colburn (1804-1840), the place or by killing the body, when six years old, was asked how but only by putting off the "old many seconds there are in eleven man," and putting on the "new years. In four seconds he gave the man," thus passing from death to correct answer. When questioned life. Those who go astray, instead as to how he had arrived at the of satisfying their inner craving answer the boy said that he did in the Creator, try to satisfy it in not know; .all he could say was their own crooked ways. The result that the answer came to his mind. is, that instead of being happy and So God reveals spiritual realities satisfied, they become miserable. A to those who live according to His thief who is stealing and hoarding will. things as a way to attain happiness The will to live, which is present is not only missing his happiness in every man, is an impulse urg- but, by his acts of theft, he is de- ing him to carry life to its per- stroying the very capacity for it.

fection, that is, to that state in That capacity is deadened by his which the purpose of God for that sinful conduct. If he loses the sense life will be fulfilled, so that he will of the sinfulness of theft, and his be eternally happy in Him.. On the conscience does not feel remorse, other hand, to those who are with- he has already committed spiritual out the experience of the joyful suicide. He has not only killed the inner life in God, life is a burden. capacity, but has killed the soul, Schopenhauer was one of these; he which had the capacity.

said "Life is hell." There is noth- Real joy and peace do not depend ing strange in the fact that such on wealth, kingly power or other people wish to commit suicide. As material possessions. If this were a result of the teaching of the so, all men of wealth in the world Greek philosopher Hegesius, sev- will be happy and contented and eral hundred young men committed princes like Buddha, Mahavira and suicide. S eve r a I philosophers, Bhartari would not have renounced like Zeno, Empedoc1es and Seneca their kingdoms. But real and per- put an end to their lives, but the manent joy is found only in the strange thing is that their philos- Kingdom of God, which is estab- ophy did not show them how to lished in the heart, when we are remove those things which made born again.

them unhappy, instead of destroy- The secret and reality of this ing their life. Such is the philos- blissful life in God cannot be un- ophy of the world. (James 3: 15). derstood without receiving, living Although some, who are tired of and experiencing it, if anyone tries

to understand it only with the in- other hand, and by following the tellect, he will find his effort use- truth, he is made free forever less. A scientist who wished· to (John 8: 32). The works of those discover in what part of the bird's who are thus made free and spend all their life in His service, that is, body life was centered and what of those who die in the Lord, will the life was, began dissecting the follow them. (Rev. 14:13). To bird. The result was that the very "die in the Lord" does not mean life of which he was in search dis- real death, for the Lord is "the appeared mysteriously. Those who Lord of the living and not of the try to understand the inner life dead." As the Lord said, "whosoof the Soul of man by intellectual ever will lose his life for my sake, dissection will meet with a similar the same shall save it." (Luke 9: fate. The life for which they are 23) . looking will vanish in the analysis. If one lives and dies in evil and In comparison with this great darkness, it is not the fault of the world, the human heart is a very Lord. He "lighteth every man that small thing. Though the world is cometh into the world" (John 1: so large, it is utterly incapable of 9). The difference between a good satisfying man's heart. Man's life and an evil life is like that beevergrowing soul and its capacities tween diamond and coal. Though can only be satisfied in the infinite both are made of carbon, there is a vast difference between them. God. As water is restless until it The diamond reflects the sun's light reaches its own level, so the soul with glowing beauty, while the coal has no peace until it rests in God. remains dark and dull even in the brightest sunshine. So the Sun of The material body cannot keep Righteousness shines on good and company forever with the spirit. evil men alike but revealing dif- After fulfilling its purpose for ferent characteristics and destinies. sometime, as the instrument of the There is no defect in the Sun, but soul for its work in the world, the only in the sinner. body begins to refuse, through weakness and old age, to go along Man's state is like that of the with the spirit any further. This earth. The sun does not set and is because the body cannot keep hide itself away from us. The real pace with the eternally-growing fact is that the earth tUrns away soul. from the sun. The earth would be lost in the dark spaces of the uni- Although the spirit and the phys- verse if it were not being contin- ually drawn towards the sun and ical body cannot live together for- so kept in its light and warmth. ever, the fruits of the work which So the Sun of Righteousness draws they have done together, will re- all men to Himself by the attracmain for ever. So it is necessary tion of His love (John 12: 32). to lay carefully the foundation of our eternal life. But the pity of it When one member of the body is is that by the misuse of his freedom man loses it forever. Free- wounded, the whole body is busy dom means the capacity to do either good or evil deeds. By constantly healing it. In the same manner, choosing evil, man becomes a slave of sin and destroys his freedom and if we are in Christ and He is in life. (John 8: 21, 34). us, then, by His Divine life, He will By giving up his sins, on the

LIFE-ITS MEANING AND USE

heal our wounds of sin and give us the habit of procrastination will the joy of sound spiritual health. become so ingrained that when more time is given, we will waste This new life does not set us that time also. "He that is unjust free from all temptation and in the least is unjust also in much." trouble, but by receiving this new (Luke 16: 10). life, we become separate from the world, so that there will be more Everyone should fulfill in his conflict and struggle than before. life the purpose of his Creator and The difference will be that whereas spend it for the glory of God and before the s e temptations and the good of others. Everyone troubles were unbearable, now we should follow his calling and carry will be victorious and they become on his work according to his Godmeans of blessing and joy. "We given gifts and capacities. "Now know that all things work together there are diversities of gifts but for good to them that love God." the same spirit." (1 Cor. 12: 4, (Romans 8: 28). 11). The same breath is blown into the flute, the cornet, and the bag- The struggle is necessary for the pipe; but different music is progrowth and perfection of our hid- duced according to the different den capacities and qualities. He instruments. In the same way the who has granted life to us will one Spirit works in God's children, help us to win victory in this holy but different results are produced war, so that by overcoming the and God is glorified through them world, death and Satan, we may according to each one's talents and enter into His eternal Kingdom. personality.

If we make the· best use of God- In this world there is very little given opportunities we will not harmony between the inner and the waste our precious time by neglect outer life. If we live according to or carelessness. Many people say, the will of God, then the time will "There is plenty of time to do this come when there will be perfect or that; don't worry." But they harmony between the inner and the do not realize that if they do not outer life forever. make good use of this short time, PRESIDENT HOOVER ON THE BIBLE ~~THERE is no other book so various as the Bible, nor one so full of concentrated wisdom. Whether it be of the law, business, morals or that vision which leads the imagina- tion in the creation of constructive enterprises for the happiness of mankind, he who seeks for guidance in any of these things may look inside its covers and find illumination. The study of this book is a post-graduate course in the richest library of human experience.

"As a nation, we are indebted to the Book of books for our national ideals and representative institutions. Their preservation rests in adhering to its principles."

A message from HERBERT HOOVER, President of the United States, given at the National Federation of Men's Bible Classes, in Baltimore, Maryland May 5,1929.

2

INTERESTING CRUISE IN

BY REV. KENNETH G. HAMILTON, Bluefields Missiona.ry of the .ll(Fravian Mi88ion T HE forests and swamps along skinned people, with broad faces the Caribbean coast of Nica- and straight, heavy, black hair. ragua she I t e r aboriginal Indeed, you might dress them in tribes of Indians, almost as pure furs and pass them anywhere as in blood today as when the caravel typical Esquimaux. Needless to of Columbus nosed her way down say, they do not dress in fUrs, this coast vainly searching for a though in our days they wear am- channel westward to the Indies. pIe clothing of a simple kind. The Protected by their dismal forests, younger generation even aspires by their inhospitable shore, by the to straw hats. They are few in fevers that fought with them, and number. Perhaps 200 all told live probably chiefly by the poverty of on their beautiful little island, their land, a number of races found within sight of the beams that flash a safe asylum here while the rest of from Bluefields' light house, but the Ameri'cas had to submit to the still ever so remote as regards their yoke of the white man. For cen- plane of living. Their homes have turies these natives have kept their not changed much in these cen- own tongue, their own ways, their turies, I think: a dirt floor, an own laws in part, their own faiths, oval wall made by the simple ex- uninfluenced by the Spanish civili- pedient of planting one post after zation and the Catholic faith of another in the ground as close to- the lands about them. Here you gether as possible, and a roof of have utter heathen still, heathen thatched palm. Such a house can who never have even heard of the be built, and often is, without us- name of Jesus, though God be ing a single nail. True, if you ex- thanked their number is growing amine the utensils of the hut and few. the crude furniture it contains, you Protestant mISSIOnaries were will see that modern commerce is first sent to this land by the Mora- knocking at the door even of Rama vian Church in 1849, and for near- Key. For the Indian carries fire ly eighty years the Saviour has wood, and oysters, and eggs, and blessed their witness for Him; so oranges, and coconuts to town, or that at the end of 1927 our mission sells bananas to the company's counted a total membership of barge at his river bank, and buys nearly 12,000 souls. Of these the flour, sugar, sewing machines, large majority are Indians belong- cloth, knives, guns, whiskey, and ing to various tribes, though a con- quinine. And he buys the boards siderable minority are descendants he needs to bury his dead.

of African immigrants, come from Seventy years ago, the first mis- various lands bordering the Carib- sionary made his home on the little bean. island. Then the place had a most Of the various Indian tribes, one forbidding reputation; the Ramas of the smallest that still survives, were slaves to vice and given to and one of the purest, is the Rama. violence. The well he dug is They are a short, squat, brown- pointed out today, and still serves 694 all the huts in the neighborhood. called urgently: "Come up and And the water of life, of which he help us!" So it came about that brought the glad promise, still is the cruise of the "Three Sisters," a well of water in many a heart, our large dug-out sailing boat, was springing up unto eternal life. planned to explore the unknown Nominally, there are no heathen antipodes of our field. left on Rama Key. The congregation is self-supporting, has a large After dark, when the rains had church building which it keeps in abated, the church bell called us good repair, and in which it meets to gather for worship: the captain every Lord's Day in worship. It and crew of the "Three Sisters," is taught by a Rama Christian who the marines, and the Rama Key also conducts a very elementary natives all united by a common tie day school. Only at stated inter- for that short hour. One of the vals does a foreign missionary vis- Indians was our organist. As the Indians on the island are fairly WHEN WE VISITED CANE CREEK IN THE "THREE SISTERS·'

it the island to administer the well acquainted with English, servsacraments. ices are conducted in that lan- guage. But further south along the Nicaraguan-coast lie little settlements We set sail early one morning of heathen Indians, of which men- from Rama Key and came just betion is made from time to time in fore noon to our first stopping ant-eaten records in the mission place, Wirring Key bar. It was archives. And rarely does such certainly a wicked-looking harbor. mention contain anything compli- To the seaward the swells were mentary to them. It seems, for booming dully on a hidden reef as one reason or another, some of though in disappointment at our these communities were never vis- evading them. Right in the mouth ited by any missionary-probably of the bar, two low, ugly black because they were small, and pop- rocks lay crouching in the breakers. ulous parts of the coast to the north The water was unusually calm so

we had no difficulty in passing pinned down unwary fish. Cala- them, but with the heavy seas com- mon along this part of the coast, bashes of all shapes stood about, the bar must be very dangerous in- deed. Two sharks we saw, cruising corn hung drying under the eaves, around expectantly. a fermented mash of the fruit of From the water, five huts could be seen through a screen of trees the supa palm was wrapped in and hanging vines. When we landed we found four more stand- great green leaves ready for the ing a little back on the ridge. Only two huts in the little village had hunters' return, plantain hung rip- board floors, raised a couple of feet off the ground. Three women and ening in one house, and on a pole in two babies proved to be the sole occupants of the place on our ar- another strips of dried fish. An rival. They put one of the floored huts at our disposal. Its walls ancient wooden rack used mani- • were still in the process of con- struction, but newness in a native festly to barbecue game stood to hut is a virtue. Of these women one was the village ancient. Her the east of the village, to the wind- husband had been an eminent snake doctor, till he one day failed to ward that is, so that its smoke cure himself, when bitten by a would serve the double purpose of snake. Her own name is "Kul- mang," though none of the natives curing the meat and driving away professed to know how it came to be given her. "Kulmang," is the the clouds of sandflies that make Rama term for a ghost, a particu- lar ghost, like a small woman with life miserable at times. All this sweeping hair, who is seen occa- sionally by people in the heart of might have dated four hundred the forest. Her appearance is a certain omen of coming death, not years back or more. In one hut, the death of the beholder it is true, but of some near relative of his. an empty white jar stood on the However, Mrs. Kulmang of Wir- ring Key is not at all small-the ground, and it was decorated with very opposite-nor does she look ghostly in the least. the familiar legend in black letters, In the village. Here were mod- "Keller's Dundee Marmalade." By ern and ancient times dwelling happily together. Bows and arrows the door of another hut lay a big leaning against the wall of our house, not just curiosities nor the rubber ball, decorated with all the implements of fashionable leisure these, but arrows that had brought letters of the alphabet and num- down birds, killed deer on the run >~~ and the wild hog in its charge, and bers up to ten.

Wirring Key is said by the natives not to be an Indian name.

Its first settlers were negroes, so that possibly the word is of Afri- can derivation. The Ramas mi- grated to Wirring Key from Punta Gorda in the time of the filibusters under Gen. Walker, when natives were drafted against their will to fight on either side. No doubt Wir- ring Key's inaccessibility made it a secure retreat. The village lies on a narrow ridge of dry land.

Of the nine dwellings which made up the village, four were the dwellings of the dead. That the Rama Indians should build huts over the graves of their dead, is not strange; all the tribes along the coast did so formerly. But that the Wirring Key people should dwell in an ancient graveyard ar- gues a strength of mind and free-

AN INTERESTING CRUISE IN NICARAGUA

dom from superstition that is very that this was an Indian custom.

unusual. Once they lived on the When a baby is weaned and given sea beach. The ocean washed away its first bones to suck, such bones the land on which their houses may not be thrown away but must stood. Probably, too, the sandflies be preserved by the parents, to be proved more formidable than any given to the child when it grows fear of departed spirits. At all older. The latter then hides them events they migrated to the only carefully away in some hollow tree, other high ground in the neighbor- or other safe place, over which no hood, and that was the spot where foot will ever walk.

they had laid their dead. The In the "kitchen" belonging to marks of ancient graves could eas- our temporary residence, the In- ily be found all about us, when we dian women were busy with hands looked for them. In one burial hut and tongue. The kitchen is a sep- were two recent graves. The sur- arate hut, built some distance from face of both had been freshly dis- the dwelling. In Rama it is called turbed-by chickens we thought. Abung Teik Gnu, meaning literally, In one was a depression exactly "The House of the Nose of the the shape o~ a man's body. This Firewood," the flame of burning led to a question and to the infor- wood being called its nose. In one mation that heathen Ramas bury corner of the kitchen a ragged dog their dead without placing them in was tied, in another a tortoise that any coffin, the corpse being simply was destined soon to wander into wrapped in native cloth which they the pot, and a huge brown cat lay beat out from the bast of a kind among the ashes basking in the of rubber tree. The marmalade heat of the fire. Fire places were jar referred to above stood in this dispensed with by the simple ex- hut, also a tatter"ed cast net, some pedient of building fires on the dirt rotten clothes, calabashes black floor. Iron pots and bake dishes with mildew, broken dishes, even stood among the wooden ware of the remnants of an almanac the natives, calabashes too had printed in Spanish, and heavy plate their place. Under a crude table glass from the portholes of some a great granite rubbing stone luckless wreck: all the belongings caught the eye, its surface concave of the departed. Wood ants had and smooth, its body resting on taken possession of the tomb, and three stumpy legs, and the roller a great nest of them hung from the worn somewhat lop-sided by con- center of the roof tree. stant use, all without any trace of We entered a vacant hut to ex- ornamentation.

amine its furnishings. Eight fairly During the afternoon the men fresh jaw bones of wild hog hung of the village began to return, one from sticks on the wall, showing by one. The writer sat alone in the owner's prowess as a hunter. the dwelling making ready for the But what interested us most was evening service. The parrots passed a "string" of little bones (the screaming overhead, announcing string being bark fibres). The that dusk was at hand. Still we bones were pronounced monkey waited for one family to finish its by our Captain, bird by Clemente. meal. A stiff breeze had sprung up Among them was the claw of a clearing the air of mosquitoes and huge crab. Clemente informed us sandflies-a welcome breeze. Slow-

ly eleven villagers gathered, all but erous in this district, there is no one of those at home at the time. trace left. One sat on a log near the kitchen, one leaned against a coconut palm, After dark, we reached Cana the rest stood grouped in the open Chiquita, and were hospitably rebefore their huts. For the first ceived by those in charge of the time in Wirring Key the Gospel company's camp. A big thatched was preached and Jesus' name was hut, open on every side, with cots called upon in prayer and song. for some thirty laborers, such is Because of the fact that a number the camp. The beds too, are simof the dead resting about us had plicity itself. Four poles planted died by snake bite, the text chosen in the ground support a frame of was John 3: 14, 15, our Rama other four poles, across which is teacher interpreting. Dusk fell and stretched a sheet of Spilt bamboo. darkness while we worshipped. Behold a bed. And like a halo over May the true light dawn on all each, the inevitable mosquito net. who gathered there. The tug took us a few miles At five the next morning we left, further up stream that morning, and heade,d down the coast. Past and then the "Three Sisters" got Devil's Creek we sailed to Mon- under way, proceeding under her key Point, a most interesting head- own power-man power. We went land behind which lies the best on to the first rapids. They rush harbor on the coast. Great blocks down on both sides of a small of basalt stand about everywhere island, by which they are formed. like Baalim; a few are fallen and There, in a most picturesque bend look like cannon pointing out over of the river, we found the last of the sea. At one place the ocean the Ramas left on these waters. has cut clear through a hill, leaving "Diamante" (diamond) is the apopen the bare, black rock with propriate name for the rapids in whitened base: "Monkey's Neck." Spanish. The Ramas call it "Kal- On the exposed rock, so Captain pamni." The bank is very steep. Slate said, undecipherable writing You climb up a natural staircase, can be seen by boats passing closo the roots of a giant cottonwood in shore. We could not verify the tree serving you for steps. Here statement because of the heavy stand three houses. All about, on swells, but possibly it is nature's trees, on fence posts, on the walls, writing of fissures in the rock. we saw jaw bones of the wild hog. In the kitchen of one house a fire We wished to be at Punta Gorda blazed hotly, and about it sat four bar in time to have the "Three women. Two were young and Sisters" towed up river by a gaso- comely. We got them to talk a line tug due to arrive from Blue- little after much persuasion. The fields that afternoon. We tied on men were away they said. They to the tug, and the "Three Sisters" both belonged originally to Cane and her crew took a rest. We Creek, and both were the wives of chugged up thirty miles of river, one of the young men of the place. through ever changing beauty. The One was rocking her baby in a banks of the river are well popu- hammock as she spoke. After a lated-for this coast, that is-but little while the wife of the headman by Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans, appeared. She knew our Rama Key natives, and made up for the Of the Ramas who once were num-

speechlessness of the rest forth- sions for the coming day, and the with, talking volubly in guttural writer took it out in sleep. tones. She had sent for her husband, and her sons would soon re- When daylight came we found turn. that Cane Creek village boasts five huts, three on the north bank, two George, the headman, came at on the south. Several families were last, and with him his elder broth- away. Isaac, the chief, had mier. Then we gathered in worship; grated to Indian River temporarily, in the open at first, but soon a there to cut a cedar tree and fashshower drove us indoors. Acts 10: ion a boat. The Cane Creek con- 34 and 35 was the basis of the gregation was composed of nine address which Clemente again souls. Again we worshiped in the translated. Throughout his trans- open air, this time with the sound lation, the chief most unconcerned- of the breakers accompanying our ly carried on a dialogue with him, hymns. commenting on what was said. Apparently, most of the sermon met We would gladly have stayed to with his approval. help feast on the spoils of the hunt but other duties called us to Blue- Next day both the tug and the fields, and the winds gave promise "Three Sisters" started dow n of a tedious journey thither. That stream again. As we landed at Cane promise they fulfilled. The crossing Creek we saw a boat shed and at Home Sound bar was a rough hanging from its roof a wild hog one. Just as the "Three Sisters" skinned and quartered. A little reached it, a squall caught us. We to one side the boar's head grinned fairly raced for the roaring breakat us in a ghastly way. That then ers. Torrents of rain drenched us, was the explanation of lights at lightning incessantly blinded us an hour when all good Indians are and made the night seem inky abed. What was more, three other black. But captain and crew hogs decorated a house across the steered by the sound of the break- ers; so we shot across safely. creek, we were told. It had been Thence to Bluefields we flew on the a fortunate day for hunting, evi- wings of the storm, wet and stiff dently. The sight of the meat indeed, but happy to have finished enlivened our crew wonderfully, our mission successfully, to have and there ensued much conversa- seen the remnants of the Rama na- tion, and to have carried the Gostion until late in the night. Mean- pel of Life to a dying people. time Capt. Slate prepared provi- ISLAM DISINTEGRATING I SLAM is dead in Turkey; it is dying in Persia; it has ceased to carry real weight in Egypt; it may survive for eight or ten generations in Arabia and elsewhere, but the basic truths of Christianity will, in the long run, prevail even there. I would make only one proviso, namely, that Christianity itself must be purged of the accretions of tradition and superstition of twenty centuries.

LT. COL. SIR ARNOLD T. WILSON, K.C.I.E., C.S.I., C.M.G,. D.S.a., British Official in Persia.

TIMES IN

BY PHINEAS B. KENNEDY, Kortcha, Albania I LLYRICUM (mentioned in the most ancient races in Europe if Paul's letter to the Romans not the most ancient. According 15: 19) is the ancient name to Professor Max MUller, they are for Albania. The word liri in the of Pelasgic origin which carries us Albanian language signifies "free- back 1200 years B. C. Alexander dom" so that the apostle says that the Great was an Albanian and he has fully preached the Gospel Demosthenes in speaking of Alexround about unto the "land of free- ander's father, Philip of Macedon, dom." He could preach this mes- in "The Philipics," calls him a sage of God's love for sinful men "barbarian." Plutarch also says for he himself had experienced the that Philip addressed his soldiers wonderful salvation of Christ. in his own language and not in He came to Illyricum with the the Greek. Pyrrhus of the Epi_ rotes, Dioclebian of Dalmatia, the saving message of life through Roman Emperor, and probably faith in the crucified and risen Sav- Jerome, who translated the Bible iour of mim. Albania is that very into Latin, were Albanians. These mountainous c 0 u n try situated people have made great leaders north of Greece along the Eastern shore of the Adriatic. Its area is and have ever been renowned for about equal to that of the State of their bravery and faithfulness. Massachusetts. Its population of They are a hardy mountaineer about one and one half million, is race, their name "Shqipebors"

about three-fourths Mohammedan, meaning, "The Eagle People." the remaining one-fourth being The modern history of the AI- about equally divided between the banian people began with the intro- Roman Catholics in the north and duction of the feudal system by the the Greek-Orthodox Catholics in Normans. King John, of theCastri- the south. This land has been lost ota family, held the fief of Croia, sight of and sadly neglected by the which is near the present capital, Christian churches of America and Tirana. When Constantinople fell Great Britain. It is a beautiful in 1453, his son George Castriota country-Switzerland in minia- Skendenbeg led his forces back ture. It has no railroad and its into Albania, regained the throne, mountain torrents cannot be navi- and prevented the Turks from engated but the harbors of Scutari, croaching into Europe. After his Durazzo, Avlona and Saranda bor- death, in 1468, Albania fell under der the Adriatic. From there auto- the Venetians.

mobiles carry travelers into the in- Albania was under the Turks terior. The city of Kortcha, or when Mrs. Kennedy and I were Corytza as it is sometimes spelled, first sent out as missionaries by is the largest city in the southern the American Board in 1907. The half of Albania and may best be presumption was that to carry on reached from the harbors of the Christian educational missionary north or west or from Salonica in work there was going to be a slow Greece. process. Hilum Pasha, the repre- The Albanians belong to one of sentative of the Turks, sent a tele- 600

DIFFICULT TIMES IN ALBANIA

AMERICAN ~USSION SCHOOL. KOR'l'CHA. ALBANIA gram ahead "Here comes the Amer- York, owing to the submarine ican, hinder him all you can." catastrophes, we put our trust in They put our Albanian preacher, God, and went back to Greece. Rev. Gligor Tsilka, into prison. After a year in mission work in During the Balkan wars when the Salonica we were enabled to re- Mohammedan Albanian patriot Is- enter Albania and were able to remail Qemal Bey, left his position in establish the work. Now that the parliament at Constantinople, Albania was freed from the Turkand returned to his home at Avlona ish yoke, the need and opportunity where he first erected the Albania were far beyond the financial flag on November 28, 1912, I was ability of the American Board. Inejected by the Greeks. I was prov- stead of one family, the work called identially guided into relief work for four or six. Dr. James L. Baramongst the starving Albanians of ton wrote that if another Board the north, whose villages had been could take up the work in a more burned, and during this experience efficient way they would turn the the Mbret Wm. de Wied, who work over to them. Unfortunately was appointed by the Powers of the great plan of the Methodist Europe, came to rule the country Church to take this land for Christ in March, 1914. While Albania along the lines of Christian educawas being devastated by moving tion never came to realization. armies in the World War, there After prayer, Mrs. Kennedy and I was a great opportunity for mis- decided to go back as a venture of sionary service. Though all ship- faith, in order to conserve the in- ping had been called off from New terests of Christ's cause until this

matter between the Mission Boards any American institution where was adjusted. At a meeting in the the English language is required. Park street Church in Boston, we were pointed out by Dr. Conrad as It has been my hope to find some two people who were going to the American Mission Board that mission field but had no Mission could see its way clear to take title Board to send us. Voluntary con:..' to our property, and encourage this tributions and the putting of all work of evangelization in Albania. our personal property into the Every Board is interested but no work have enabled us to go on. The one of them feels able to take title Kortcha Mission plant is now to the property as this would invalued at about $25,000, and is out volve responsibility for solving the of debt. Mrs. Daniel H. Martin problem. I am encouraged by The donated the main $15,000 building Foreign Missions Conference of as a memorial to her husband, my, North America of 419 Fourth Aveclassmate, and Mrs. Mary Stewart nue to continue to push on indigave money for the two adjoining vidually. We are deeply conscious lots. Our coeducational school of of our need of the prayers of God's 100 schola.rs has two boarding de- people.* As the late Dr. Reuben A. partments, one for girls and the Torrey once said, "Sincere prayer other for small boys. We employ means more than money." Pray seven Albanian teachers, and that we may be given grace and greatly need an additional wing. wisdom to be faithful and efficient The Albanian government will give servants of Christ, ever looking to no aid but we are allowed to hold Him "whose we are and whom we title to the property. Our school of would serve." A great and effecsix grades is under the national in- tual door is opened unto us and spector and has all the lessons re- there are many adversaries. quired by the national curriculum, as well as English and the Bible in * 'l~his work is E'ntirely dependent upon all of our classes. Graduates from voluntary free"will offerings which may be sent our school can be admitted into to The Alhanian Mission Fund. care of Guar· anty 'Trust Company of New York. 140 Broad~ way, Xc,,," York.

SACRIFICIAL GIVING IN CHINA W HILE Churches at Home are debating whether to put on an every-member canvass, there comes from overseas inspiring reports of what sacrifices are being made by Chinese workers of Foochow: In spite of bandits and unsettled political conditions in China, self-support is being pushed this year by the every-member canvass. At the dispensary, the man in charge was a church member who, after losing eight of his ten fingers, had been saved from lockjaw by our missionary doctor. When the pastor gave him the subscription book, he took the Chinese brush in the one finger left on his right hand and wrote down his subscription for the year, equal to a month's wages.

Do American Christians care enough for the work to dedicate even a day's income to the Church ?-The Christian Advocate.

STANLEY JONES ANSWERS

CRITICS· "If the critics can show me, by demonstration, how to win more men to Jesus Christ than I am doing, I will sit at their feet. UnW then I must go my way, remembering that to my oum Master I stand or fall."

As India is the chosen place of my with redemption from sin that it never work for Christ, and has been for occurred to me that anyone would many years and I hope for many years think of them as being separate or to come, I am under obligation to that we could have one without the make some things clear to puzzled other. I should have been more ex- friends who have read criticisms of plicit and should have mentioned "re- "Christ of the Indian Road." After demption from sin" as one of the needs going through a series of meetings of all men and of India in particular.

among the non-Christians with me and (A paragraph to this effect has been hearing me plead with them about sin, inserted in the latest editions of the about Christ's atoning death for sin, book). That anyone who found the about the deep necessity for conversion omission in the book but had known and the new birth, about one's alle- the background of my Christian ex- giance to Christ taking in the inner perience and my subsequent preaching and the other life, thereby involving could have thought that the omission spiritual conversion and open declara- represented my position seemed ab- tion before the world through baptism surd. For me finding God involved and joining the Christian Church, repentance, and faith in the Divine some friends would be puzzled to find Saviour, Jesus Christ, with its conse- that my critics were saying that I quent spiritual conversion (see chapter omitted these very things. It is for on Conversion-Horizontal and Verti- these puzzled friends that I write. cal in "Christ at the Round Table") According to the criticisms that have so that the whole was inextricably come to me the objections to my views bound up together.

as found in "The Christ of the Indian (2) In my book when I mentioned Road" center around four things: the Cross I expected the content of my own thinking to be put into the words, (1) Sin and repentance, (2) the but again I was mistaken, for my Cross, (3) baptism and the Christian critics emptied the words of meaning Church and (4) the relationship of and implied that this was my attitude. Christianity and Hinduism. There The cross cannot have too rich a meanmay be others, but these are central. ing for me. My attitude toward the Cross might be put this way: I find (1) The objection is made that in that in a home where love meets sin, the book where I state the three great at the junction of the two a Cross is needs of the human heart of India are: set up. Here love suffers and the purer "an adequate goal for character, a free and deeper the love the more intense full life, God," that here redemption the suffering. That suffering is vifrom sin is left out, and therefore the carious–what should have fallen on above three things are inadequate. the guilty one falls on the innocent Here I am inclined to agree with my one. If God is Love-and He is-then critics. I remember when I wrote it when that Love meets our sin-as it there was a question in my mind as did in the Incarnation-a Cross is set to the adequacy of the statement, but decided that it was covered in the last up. It is inevitable for it is the nature -"God." In my own experience finding God was so inextricably bound up of love to insinuate itself into the sins • )Crom The Ghri.tian Patriot, Madras, India. and sorrows of others. It cannot be 603

love and stay out and if it gets in it baptism to their consciences." If not suffers. That suffering is vicarious to their consciences, then to whose?

-what should have fallen on us falls They must decide after studying the on Him. This is not something im- New Testament. This approach has posed on life arbitrarily, but it is in- resulted in many accepting Christ and herent in the very nature of things. later expressing that fact in baptism.

(3) As to baptism and the Christian But it is a far more serious hindrance Church, those who have been in my to the Kingdom of God to urge uncon- meetings with non-Christians know verted people to baptism, than that that view about the necessity of bap- one solitary couple should hesitate to tism runs something like this: We take Christian baptism considering live two lives, one inward and before inner allegiance sufficient. How many God and the other outward and before educated non-Christians, close up to the world-which life does Christ the point of accepting Christ but, want? When the non-Christian stumbling over unconverted but answers "The inner life," my reply is: baptised "Christians," hesitate to take Yes, first of all the inner for the outer Christian baptism? Such a question without the inner is hypocrisy, but He shows us the place that is the chief wants both, for the inner without the hindrance.

outer is also hypocrisy. Baptism is (4) Concerning my attitude toward an outer declaration of the inner alle- Hinduism I think I have made that giance. Not' declaring that inner fact quite plain in "Christ at the Round it is the most barren of things-it is Table." There has been a great fear blasphemy. Tens of thousands have that sympathetic attitudes toward come into the Christian Church declar- truths found in Hinduism or elsewhere ing what is not, and if some of us have may result in a syncretism. I share thrown the emphasis on the inner fact that fear. One of the greatest dangers it is to seek to restore the balance. But before Christianity at the present time that does not mean that we do not be- is the increasing attitudes tending to- lieve in the New Testament rite of ward syncretism. At the heart of the baptism. We believe in it so much Gospel is a core of exclusiveness. We that we would restore it to its New cannot escape it. Christ is not Testament position from the desper- presented in the Gospels as one of the ately low position it has fallen to in good ways, or even the best way, but India where it has been made the de- the Way. Nor is He presented as termining thing as to whether a man bringing good truths, nor even the best is a Christian apart from the question of truths, but He is the Truth.

of inner fact and outer conduct. This statement makes clear some One thing hurt me deeply. It was differences; "Eclecticisms pick and said that a couple were ready for choose, syncretisms combine but only baptism until they read my book and life assimilates." Christianity shuns afterwards they refused, not consider- an eclectisism, it refuses a syncretism, ing it necessary. I would like to see but it does assimilate, for it is Life.

them and undo any injury that any A plant reaches into the soil and takes statements of mine had done them. I but elements that are akin to its own would urge them to take Christian nature but all the time its life is its baptism, provided I felt they had ac- own-it is not a compromise nor a cepted Christ in inner allegiance. patchwork of elements gathered from Where they could find a statement in everywhere-the laws of its own na- my book from which they would con- ture determined the disposition of clude that I did not consider baptism those elements. Christianity is a liv- important I cannot understand. The ing thing-it took from Judaism only one is where I suggest that I ask elements akin to its own nature, in- the non-Christians to accept Christ corporated them into itself, but its life as their Saviour and that I will "leave was its own and Christianity, not

DR. STANLEY JONES ANSWERS HIS CRITICS

Judaism, determined the final result. ligion, but all the time gathering up In like manner in its virility and in itself expressions of truth akin to vitality Christianity reached into its own life and using them, so Chris- Greek thought, took out the Greek tianity will displace Hinduism, all the idea of "the Word," brought it up in- time gathering up any truth found to its own life, put new content into there. This displacement will come it and said, "In the beginning was the the quicker as Hindus see in Chris- Word and the Word was with God and tianity the finest elements of the old the Word was God." Similarly it will plus something that is lacking there, reach into India's thought and culture, namely Christ. But Christ is not pick out such conceptions as bhakti merely a prolongation of other truths and dhayan, assimilate them into its -He is not merely more-He is own life, put new content in them, "other." Bein.g more He fulfills the eliminating the unworthy and untrue, .best in.ancient faiths and systems, but but using the basic good, yet all the being other He becomes our Retime these will be used according to deemer. Being like us but more, He the laws that govern the life in Christ becomes our Guide and Example, beand the end will not be an accommoda- ing unlike us and Divine, hence other, tion but an assimilation, not a patch- He becomes our Saviour. work, but Life using and fulfilling, but all the time qetermining what the re- It would be untrue to say that I do sult will be. not mind criticism. I do. But I have learned to make my critics, "the un- One critic asks whether the end will paid watchmen of my soul," and if the be, in my view, the evolution of Hin- critics can show me, by demonstraduism into Christianity or its dis- tion, how to win more men to Jesus placement by Christianity. My Christ than I am doing I will sit at unhesitating answer is that it will be their feet. Until then I must go my displacement. Just as Christianity way remembering that to my own displaced the Greek systems of re- Master I stand or fall.

THE NAVAL OFFICER'S OBJECTION One day in a hotel near Poona I sat beside a naval officer, an infantry major and a sergeant-major. The naval officer said: "Why don't these missionaries stay at home and mind their business? Why do they come out here and worry these people?"

It was the time of the Armenian massacres and there were rumors that the British fleet might be ordered to Constantinople. I turned to the officer and said: "Suppose that you were ordered to take your battleship to Constantinople tomorrow, and I were to say, 'Why don't you stay here and mind your business? There is no sense in your going to the Bosporus.'''

The man's eyes flashed as he said, "I would tell you to mind your own business; if we are ordered to go we must go, even if every ship is sunk and every sailor killed."

"Quite right, my friend," I replied, "I have marching orders, not from any human government, but from the divine government. My command is to preach the Gospel to every creature. India has one-fifth of the population of the world, and the primary question is not what the cost is but whether I am going to obey the command of my Lord and Saviour."-Robert P. Wilder.

A SACRED 'SPOT IN AN AFRICAN VILLAGE-'fHIS IS 'fIlE "ALTAR ." SPEARS

ARE PLACED AGAINS'f IT TO PUT THE~[ IN CARE OF ANCESTRAL RPIRIT~ -1JI. 11'. NmUh .

A "COMING-OUT" PARTY IN NIGERIA BY ELIZABETH McDONALD WILKINSON, Onitsha .rlHssionury oj the Church .Mls8ionat'y Society T HIRTY miles we have come, to the rhythM in which their to Umunze, to a tiny crum- bodies, as one body, are caught. It bling Rest House built of sweeps them along through the dim mud and mats in a clearing of the fields; it plunges them again into forest. I sit in a deck chair before the dark of the trees; it moves the door, idle and completely them, controls them, beats through happy. At my elbow a lamp casts them and around them. Here sure- its soft glow out into the shadowy ly is a voice, as authentic as the star-haunted night that has crept crash of the hurricane, the whisper up around us. Fields glimmer of wind in the palms, but more in- faintly in the starlight; beyond dividual than these, more signi- them rises the wall of trees, blank ficant, more expressive. In this in the darkness. fierce wild ecstasy, too wild for From far away comes the throb- gaiety, too fierce for beauty, does bing of many voices, the clash of Africa speak?

metal, the strange violent rhythm All night echoes of rejoicing of tom-toms. The noise grows and throb on in the town. In a neigh- grows until a swaying lantern boring village famous for its spark gleams out from the forest, priest-craft the girls have been and following it comes a group of cicatrized with marks showing forty or fifty girls, chanting and their readiness for marriage; they dancing. Their voices follow the have gone jingling in brass and same half score of notes over and ivory, they have gone singing and over, one voice leading, and all the dancing, to be cut with knives by others coming in at the end with the priests of Ezira. It is the com- a shout. Their brass anklets clash ing-of-age feast. Umunze rejoices.

606

EAS'!' SIDE nOMES AND PLAYGROUND FOR CHILDREN OF NEW .MERICANS

PRESENTING CHRIST TO NEW AMER]CANS BY REV. A. H. McKINNEY, D.D., Supwrintrnd(mt oj the Netv York Oity MiRRion Society I N ANY complex American city, with traditions, habits and out- there are many agencies for looks of many lands and with vari- the physical, mental and social ous religious beliefs and practices development of the people of all deeply embedded in their very naclasses. In New York this problem tures. In many instances these is made more complex by the num- newcomers come with a desire to ber of the unassimilated who have cast off all their old traditions and recently come from other lands. to enjoy what they ignorantly con- The New York City Mission Soci- sider to be the liberty of this gloriety has been serving new Ameri- ous land of the free. To them cans for over a century and enters liberty spells license. A study of heartily in various ways into the newspapers for one week, will give multitudinous activities in which evidence of this in the names of many other agencies engage, but criminals. Added to embedded underlying all that is done for these characteristics are the out-growing people by the society is the con- ambitions of those who expect to viction that their supreme need is find here their EI Dorado. Disapfor Jesus Christ. Anything that pointed at first many of them releaves Christ out, leaves out the sort to crime in order to gain what best and greatest power for the they think the world owes them as good of these people. Accordingly a livelihood; others lose heart and prayer, plans and work are based drift as best they can; while many on this dictum: CHRIST FOR OUR others become useful citizens and NEIGHBORS FROM OTHER LANDS. loyal followers of Christ.

These varied multitudes come Superstition characterizes many 607

of these new comers. Opposite one rooms, social rooms and class of the city mission churches is a rooms are provided, as well as cemetery. From time to time its places for worship and instruction. keeper has been approached by a A camp for boys and young men new American with a request for of over a thousand acres forms a piece of bone of some skeleton part of the society's equipment. interred in its vaults. Questioning Years ago we accepted this addielicits the fact that the bone seeker tional dictum. In this endeavor to believes that if the bone is put into lead others to Christ, flesh and soup and administered it will cure blood are far more important than a diseased child. From this super- brick and mortar. Accordingly we stition the gamut runs all the way place more reliance upon living up to the act of picking up a pin workers than upon fine buildings, with its point toward one, spitting which are made as attractive as SOME RUSSIAN CHILDREN-WHAT WILL WE DO WITH THEM?

on the point and throwing it over possible. Unless the workers are the finder's left shoulder for good guided and empowered by the Holy luck. Spirit, they cannot survive long, for the work is difficult, exacting, To bring Christ to these people, tedious and in many cases disapand to teach them His way of life, pointing. Even after there is a is a task that requires great faith, nominal acceptance of Christ as perseverance and patience. Like Saviour and Lord, old superstitions the Apostle Paul, the city mission- often continue their influences in ary must be "all things to all men" baffling forms. The worker must in order that he may win some. therefore have a Power outside Accordingly institutional churches himself to enable him to cope with are equipped and manned so as to the difficulties of the situation. meet people on the planes on which they live. Reading rooms, play DeWitt Memorial Church, located rooms, gymnasiums, baths, club in the heart of the Ghetto in south-

PRESENTING CHRIST TO NEW AMERICANS

eastern Manhattan, has had a re- staff and volunteer workers come markable history, running through into contact with nearly two thouforty-eight years. When it was sand Spanish-speaking people from established, the surrounding houses seventeen different countries. Here were occupied by English-speaking are conducted various activities for people. Now it is difficult to find the physical, mental and social benan adult in the polyglot neighbor- efit of these Latins from other hood whose native tongue is Eng- lands, but the main emphasis is put lish. For the benefit of adults on the church school and the repreaching services are held and re- ligious services; the former is conligious instruction is given in Eng- ducted in English for the young lish, German, Italian and Russian, people and in Spanish for the while for children and young peo- adults and the latter in Spanish.

BRINGING A SPANISH GROUP UNDER CHRISTIAN TRAINING pie many varied activities are car- These new comers respond to the ried on in English. From this appeal of Christ. Though poor in spiritual lighthouse have gone purse, they contribute largely to forth large numbers of Christian the work of the Kingdom, not only workers who are now laboring for in connection with the home church the spread of the Kingdom in New but for the evangelization of Spain York City and in various parts of and other lands. In 1928, during America and foreign lands. The the visitation evangelism camappeal to new Americans, based paign, seventy of these church upon the Gospel of Jesus Christ, members went out with their minhas been eminently successful. ister and other leaders to present Christ to their neighbors. As a In another part of the city is the result four hundred and seventy Spanish Evangelical Church, Its 3

new contacts were made with those Czechoslovak or Greek as well as who expressed a willingness to at- in English. With a loving heart, tend the church services and be- a sympathetic understanding of the come interested in its activities. history and the longings of those A similar campaign conducted in to be benefited, the approach is 1929, through the efforts of the real friendship. The chief endeavemployed staff and volunteers, re- or is to show Christ incarnate in suIted in three hundred and thirty the worker to those who may scoff new contacts. The principal means at religion because they are ignorof evangelization in this church is ant of what the Christian religion through house to house visitation. is. As the work is not denomina- At the close of the preaching serv- tional, the approach and the appeal ices on many Sundays an appeal are always made in the name of for personal acceptance of Christ Christ and not in the terms or lanas Saviour is responded to by large guage of a particular sect.

THE CHOIR OF AN ITALIAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH IN NEW YORK numbers. In 1928 eighty-six people The ways of approach are variunited with the church, most of ous. Now it may be a trained nurse them on confession of faith in who comes as an angel of mercy Christ. in a time of illness. At another time some greatly appreciated Methods are as varied as the service is performed for one in races since those to be interested need. When one of our woman are personalities with physical, missionaries passed into the larger mental, social, ethical and spiritual life, at the funeral service Matthew elements differing widely. For 25 : 35-40 was read. Those present each group there is a clergyman recognized that in a very real sense and one or more workers of their these statements were true of the own race, so that we have ministers one who had gone to her reward. who preach in German, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Ukrainian, She was representative of all our for physical welfare the spiritual workers. is kept to the fore. Bibles, gospels, home department quarterlies and Thirteen ordained ministers, ten other religious literature are dismale layworkers, twenty-four lady tributed. Invitations to church missionaries and ten trained nurses services, church school and various are constantly at work. There are other religious meetings are peralso many volunteer and occasion- sonally extended, while religious al workers. Outside the church instruction is patiently and lovingbuildings, which are open from ly given in the homes of those who Sunday morning to Saturday night, for any reason cannot or will not with gatherings of many kinds in attend the services. progress, our chief efforts are in homes. From birth until death we The stress laid on the spiritual minister to the needs of these peo- side of the work is well worthple. Thousands of visits are made while. In 1928 two hundred and for all sorts of purposes-anything fifty-two persons united with five that calls for help from the arrival of our churches, the large majority of a new baby, caring for chil- on confession of faith in Christ. dren, fresh air work, finding em- This evidence of spiritual life and ployment for youths and adults, fruitage makes us most grateful to assisting agencies for preventing the Lord of the vineyard and enor curing disease, preparing for a courages us to go forward in our funeral and conducting a funeral endeavor to bring Christ to the service. All these and more come new Ameri,cans that swarm our within the scope of our workers. city and threaten our civilization.

While this help is being given ARE MISSIONARIES WANTED IN BRAZIL?

BY REV. ERASMO BRAGA, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL EX-Moderator oj the Genera.l Assembly oj the Presbyterian Ohurch oj Brazil SOUTH AMERICA occupies through the radio, airplane, mov- an area of 7,500,000 square ing-picture and the Bible, which is miles. Brazil covers one- the best seller in Brazil. half of South America, and has a population of some 35,000,000. Immigration is rapidly changing There is in South America only the type of the population as is one ordained Evangelical Christian minister for every 156,250 per- seen from the fact that the recent sons; in Brazil, one to 35,550. tide of eastern immigrants, has The population is most dense brought 75,000 Japanese to Brazil, around Rio de Janeiro, in Central many of whom are now owners of Brazil, Recife, in North Brazil, and small farms. Porto Alegre, in South Brazil. The hinterland is thinly populated. Brazil, as well as her sister na- A few railways penetrated into the tions of Latin America, emerging interior before the great war and out of three centuries of isolation recently, motor roads are increas- from the great currents which had ing the facilities of transportation. been reshaping EUrope since the Great c han g e s are occurring Reformation, faced all the prob- lems of political independence, at the beginning of the nineteenth century under the leadership of :;mch men as Jose Bonifacio and Synod of Brazil (1888) and for Gonsalves Ledo, who were far forty-one years the management of ahead of their generation. The the affairs of this body has been fifty years which followed the dec- entirely in the hands of an auton- laration of independence (1822) omous National Council. A split were troublous and reactionary. resulted in the formation of the At the time when Brazil, and the Independent Presbyterian Church Spanish-speaking countries of this of which no foreign missionary has continent were entering the era of ever become a minister. Hundreds stability, the pioneers of Protes- of Protestant church members in tant missions landed in Buenos Brazil have never seen a foreign Aires and Rio de Janeiro. This mISSIOnary. The other commu- providential coincidence is remark- nities are in process of thorough able. nationalization.

The missionary enterprise in In the second place, these Prot- Brazil has resulted in the forma- estant communities have a re- tion of a community of some 100,- markable missionary spirit. They 000 Evangelical church members. have been self-propagating on Add to these 300,000 German Prot- their own territory and have sent estants and 4,000 British Evan- missionaries to Portugal.

gelicals. A careful estimate of the A third feature is that, on ac- number of children in the usually count of their evangelistic activ- large Protestant families and the ities and their dissemination upon statistics of baptised infants show a vast territory, they lack an ade- that the Protestant community of quate organization of their admin- Brazil is some 750,000 strong. The istrative machinery, and have not number of adherents, inquirers, deepened their religious life. We and friendly observers, would raise have reached the point when ur- the figure to one million. gent help is needed to save this Six denominations, under regu- great Church from crumbling lar conventions, conferences, syn- under the weight of the great re- ods or Assembly, have been sults achieved. Statesmanship is established. Some missions show the great need of our day. De- a tendency to develop new denom- pending largely on their own re- inational organizations and there sources, the indigenous churches are besides a few independent are in danger of being swamped by groups. the i r growing responsibilities.

These Protestant churches in Their leaders are overworked.

Brazil have some outstanding Their smaller problems and petty traits. First, there is their strong differences of opinion frequently national consciousness. The Con- loom larger in their councils than gregational Churches, formed by a the great strategic plans under dis- group of refugees from Madeira, cussion.

under the leadership of the Scot- tish Dr. Kalley, has never been SOME INFERENCES affiliated with any foreign organ- The national churches realise ization. The Presbyterian mis- that the rapid changes in social sions, thirty-six years after the life, as well as the vastness of the landing of their pioneer A. G. Si- evangelistic task before them, de- monton (1852), merged into the mand an enlarged cooperation of the missionary forces on the field. more and more the cooperation of The call from thousands and thou- missionaries, as companions, adsands of heathen Indians in the in- visors, partners, in evangelism and terior, the appeal of millions of social reconstruction, is most valu- able, needed and de:;ired. nominal Christians who merely mumble a few prayers learned by In Brazil, the most recent ex- periment in training Christian heart and who recite some doctri- workers, based on a study of long nal statements, the whirling indus- years of the national system of education, curricula 0:( theological trialisation of the whole continent, schools and the needs of the counthe disproportionately small num- try, will yield the first ponderable results in eight or ten years. Up ber of Christian workers to the to this time, the pre-theological population, are terribly heavy upon preparation of the ministry has been inadequate. During this periour hearts. The hinterland is still od, the whole system of ecclesiastipractically unoccupied. The Ama- cal finances should be reformed.

zon valley, where the rush for land Those who are responsible for the future of this country under and rich stores of raw materials the impression of the great opporattracts an sorts of adventurers, is tunities before us and of the ina challenge to the best in the mis- evitable clash of materialism with sionary spirit. the spiritual forces at work on this field cannot but feel uneasy, when The need for an increase in the rumors reach our hearing that missionary forces of Brazil is em- missions today are questioned and phasized by the following facts: that their supporters are losing sight of the immense task and (1) A number of unoccupied areas, wonderful opportunities before us. among the fields already developed, call for rented halls, residences and schools, After three and a half centuries which cannot be provided for by the of stagnation, Brazil was opened overburdened national congregations in to a new life just when the Prot- Brazil. estant missions were established here. It is not a mere coincidence (2) The new fields on the outskirts that strong and active Protestant of civilization, where mushroom towns minorities have developed paraland villages are springing up at the ap- lel to the economic and social progpearance of the motor car, are "no man's ress of the country, into a Church land." Home missions in the immediate deeply rooted in the vitals of the neighborhood are hardly possible as an nation. We know what is at stake extension of parish work. in this matter of evangelising our country. We will welcome all who (3 The new lines of advance of mis- may come and share with us the sionary work in social service, research, great opportunities of giving right religious education, cooperation, call now the Gospel to a great nation for experts and equipment far beyond in the making. We want the best the resources of the national church. that North America and England The results achieved by the Committee have in universities and semion Cooperation in Brazil and the secre- naries to come over and help us. tariat of the World's Sunday-School Association constitute a challenge for an enlargement of missionary endeavor on highly specialized lines. The integration of Latin America into the International Missionary Council implies the development of activities on the field that demand the cooperation of missionaries with a special training for certain tasks.

The time has come when the nationals must have the initiative and the responsibility in shaping policies and carrying out some ac- tivities which touch the inner chords of national sentiment. But

A CHRISTIAN

A TESTIMONY TO EBEN ERSKINE OLCOTT, of New York BY REV. WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, PH.D.

A good man and true, a gracious most Christian laymen of his city and forceful personality, a friend and of his day. His high sense of to many good causes, Eben Erskine honor, his business ability, his con- Olcott of New York City, passed scientious discharge of every duty from our earthly fellowship on laid upon him, his undaunted faitn June 5, 1929. A descendant of the and courage, his loyalty and faith- Olcott family which came to Con- fulness, made him a valuable coun- necticut early in the 17th century, sellor in many organizations. He he was born in the City of New was an active member and an of- York on March 11, 1854, the son ficer of the Laymen's Movement ()f John N. Olcott and Euphemia which exercised so wide an influ- Helen Knox. He was a student at ence throughout the country in the the College 'of the City of New decade preceding the War. He was York, and was graduated from a past President of the American Columbia School of Mines, in 1874. Institute of Mining Engineers, and Tn 1884 he married Kate Van of the United Engineering Society. Santvoord, eldest daughter of the During his administration as late Commodore Van Santvoord, President of the Hudson River Day founder of the Hudson River Day Line the largest and most beautiful Line. steamboats were added to its splen- did fleet. He also inaugurated the Mr. Olcott's whole life, with the Christian services of worship on the exception of a few years, spent as Day Line and carried many mis- sionary parties freely up and down a mining engineer in Mexico and the Hudson River. In 1909 he in- South America, was passed in augurated the Tercentenary Celethe American metropolis. His an- bration of Hendrick Hudson's discestry was prominent in the life of covery of the river which bears old New York and long identified his name and so directed the celewith the oldest Church on Man- bration that it became noteworthy, hattan Island, the Reformed Dutch not only as a civic, but as a re- Church. From his earliest years ligious observance. he was an earnest Christian and a devoted and active member of the Mr. Olcott had wide and varied Church. For ten years he was suc- interests. He belonged to the Sons cessively Deacon and Ruling Elder of the Revolution, the Pilgrims Soin the Consistory of the Collegiate ciety and the St. Nicholas Society R.eformed Church of New York and was affiliated with the Metro- City, giving liberally of his time politan Museum of Art and the and thought and money to promote American Museum of Natural Hisits wide and varied interests. He tory. But his first concern was for was a tower of strength to the those things which are vitally con- Church which he loved devotedly nected with the extension of the and served faithfully for many Kingdom of Christ. For twentyyears.

Mr. Olcott was one of the fore- eight years he was an active and 614 EBI~N EllSKINE OLCO'I"l'-A CHRISTIAN LAYMAN influential and generous member member of the Board of Managers of the Board of Foreign Missions of the American Bible Society and of the Reformed Church and was was treasurer of several missionchosen as one of the few represent- ary and benevolent organizations. atives of this Board and Church Many individuals and societies to attend the great Ecumenical bear in grateful memory the broad Missionary Conference at Edin- sympathy, the tireless fidelity and burgh in 1910. He was also a the rare service he gave to great

enterprises; the kindly, friendly, ries of the Church. Their generous thoughtful courtesy with which he benefactiops were given so unosblessed innumerable individuals, tentatiously that no one knew how and the faith which kept him in widely and helpfully they were dishumble and contented reliance tributed. His was a life fruitful in upon the grace of God and devoted every good word and work, honorto the worship and work of the ed of man and blessed of God. He Church of Christ. rests from his labors and his works do follow him. Both in private and in business life he was a witness to the grace "Well done, good and faithful of the Gospel. His personality was servant, thou has been faithful radiant with it. He and Mrs. Ol- over a few things, I will make thee cott made tlieir beautiful home a ruler over many things: enter haven of rest for many missiona- thou into the joy of thy Lord."

WHAT MEN HAVE SAID OF PRAYER Whoever prays most, helps most.-Williarn Goodell.

Every step in the progress of missions is directly traceable to prayer.- Arthur T. Pierson.

He who faithfully prays at home does as much for foreign missions as the man on the field, for the nearest way to the heart of a Hindu or a Chinaman is by way of the throne of God.-Eugene Stock.

Let us advance upon our knees.-Joseph Hardy Neesima.

Communion without service is a dream; service without communion is ashes.-Robert E. Speer.

I never prayed sincerely for anything but it came, at some time-no matter at how distant a day-somehow, in some shape-it came.-Adoniram Judson.

I have resolved to pray more and to pray always; to pray in all places, where quietness inviteth, in the house, on the highway, and on the street; and to know no street or passage in this city that may not witness that I have not forgotten God.-Sir Thomas Browne.

I resolve to devote an hour morning and evening to private prayer, no pretense, no excuse whatsoever.-John It'ealey.

Ten minutes spent in Christ's society every day; aye ten minutes, if it be face to face and heart to heart, will make the whole life different.-Henry Drummond.

We must not conceive of prayer as an overcoming of God's reluctance, but as a laying hold of His highest willingness.-Archbishop Trench.

On all my expeditions prayer made me stronger, morally and mentally, than any of my non-praying companions. It lifted me hopefully over the one thousand five hundred miles of forest tracks.-Henry M. Stanley.

Prayer is like opening a sluice between the great ocean and our little channels, when the sea gathers itself together and flows in at full tide.-Lord Tennyson.

I am so busy now that if I did not spend two or three hours each day in prayer, I could not get through the day.-Martin Luther.

HAVANA CHRISTIAN

BY REV. EDWARD A. ODELL, New York H AVANA has just been host so that the scope of the Congress to the Hispanic-American and its influence must extend far Evangelical Congress-and beyond the Caribbean area. How- Havana knows how to be host. ever, the largest delegations were, This is the third Latin American of course, from countries near at congress that has been held in the hand. Cuba, Mexico and Porto interests of Latin solidarity and of Rico were present in force. better understanding of the work This was probably the first mis- and problems involved in the evan- sionary congress of an interna- gelical cause throughout Spanish- tional character that has been pro- speaking America. Missionaries moted, organized and carried to a and national leaders of North and conclusion entirely by nationals. South America met in Panama in The Spanish language was used 1916, and in 1925 the Latin Ameri- throughout and none of the adcan Evangelical leaders assembled dresses were repeated through an at Montevideo. The recent confer- interpreter. Mission Board repreence at Havana included delegates sentatives and official delegates from the northern part of South from abroad were there as guests America and the Caribbean area. of the organizing committee, which The organizers hoped that its in- was appointed by the Havana Minfluence might not be confined to the isters Association. Caribbean area, and the countries The second feature that attracted represented included Cuba, Spain, attention was the entire freedom the Spanish-speaking churches in from a sense of domination. The the United States, Porto Rico, delegates had been chosen by Central America, the Dominican groups in their own countries be- Republic, Colombia, Venezuela, and cause of their leadership. From Mexico. For more than a week the the very first it was evident that groups studied the evangelical these representatives were in Hasolidarity and its message, nation- vana to express their understandalism and self-support, evangeliza- ing of the evangelical situation and tion, work among the Indians, the to discuss its problems with open evangelical school, religious educa- minds. There was a delightful tion, ministerial culture, the church spirit of independence, and a spirit and the community, industrial and of joy that prevaded the meetings. rural problems, medical work, When the Organizing and Nomiwomen in the evangelical church nating Committees made their reand literature. Representatives of ports, the congress decided it would all of the countries above named, prefer younger men, requested a and visitors from other countries, new 1ift of nominations, and unanimissionaries representing British mously elected them. The congress societies and South American coun- had in mind to attend to its own tries, and Spanish countries south business in a spirit of kindliness of Panama, as well as Brazil, and efficiency that left no ground formed part of these study groups, for ill will.

617

A third oub;tanding character- a well known writer. The first deistic of the congress was the ex- pression of the desire to cooperate votional service was conducted by with the agencies that have been carrying on mission work in these Dr. Ortz Gonzalez, who is known countries. The spirit of Latin solidarity was not in any sense as an author throughout the Spa:nantagonistic to Anglo-Saxon fellowship. The Organizing Com- ish-speaking world. The congress mittee had requested and received the assistance of the Committee on was welcomed in the Marti Theatre Cooperation in Latin America through its executive secretary, by the Secretary of State for Cuba, Dr. Samuel Guy Inman. At different times representatives of the Dr. Francisco Maria Fernandez, Mission Boards were requested to give their opinion and interpreta- who represented President Machtion of matters under discussion. Definite expressions of gratitude ado. The reply to the address of to foreign' workers were also written into the minutes. At the same welcome was made by a delegate to time the following resolution was passed expressing the Latin Amer- the congress from Mexico, Mr. ican point of view: Herminio Rodriguez, former dep- "It is sufficiently proven that in the Hispanic-American countries of the Car- uty of the Mexican National Conibbean area there are national elements capable of assuming leadership of the gress. The president of the conwork, and therefore it is time for them to do so. In order that there may always gress, Sr. Gonzalez Baez Camango, be a leadership it is necessary that the greatest support for their education be of Mexico, devotes his entire time provided." to teaching and religious education. While the feeling of cordiality and companionship between the Dr. Angel Archilla Cabrera, vicedifferent nationalities was delightful, representatives of mission president, is superintendent of boards attending the congress must have felt the necessity for a Presbyterian Missions in Porto thorough study of their attitude to the development of native leader- Rico. One of the honorary viceship. presidents was Dr. Juan B. Huyke, Among the one hundred and ninety-nine delegates who came to commissioner of education for Havana, there were many laymen of national reputation and min- Porto Rico, another, Dr, Erasmo isters whose preaching and pastoral work have won ~laces of Braga, of Brazil, was chairman of prominence. The chairman of the organizing committee was Dr. Jose the Montevideo Congress and a Marcial Dorado, a representative of the American Bible Society and delegate to the Jerusalem Congress from Latin America.

Here are some of the high points in the reports of the commissions: Nationalism was defined as: "The purpose and endeavor to secure complete self-support and self-government and the extension of work, without separation from the spiritual fellowship of the Church Universal."

It was urged: "That national churches endeavor to organize committees of lit- erature which shall collect funds with which to pay for the pUblication of evan- gelical works. That missionary socie- ties and national churches designate a definite part of their budgets, not to ex- ceed ten per cent, for the promotion of literature. That it is of the greatest importance to raise the standards of our publications in order that they may merit the attention of persons who are awake to contemporary problems."

In the interests of world peace, it was recommended: "That the Church, whose Teacher and Saviour is He who is called Prince of Peace, shall devote itself with all fervor to the task of propagating the idea and the ideal of universal peace, sustaining with all its power and vigor

THE HAVANA CHRISTIAN CONGRESS

the movements and institutions that tend service, as well as the needs in to establish peace and harmony throughout the world by means of more sympa- densely populated industrial cen- thetic relations of individuals, peoples ters. The commission also recog- and races." nized "the necessity of awakening The commission on indigenous a social consciousness in the races of the Latin American coun- church. If the church ignores the tries reported that there are 347 problems of the masses, the masses Indian dialects in Latin America, will ignore the church."

that many of these tribes are en- A delegate from Spain asked for gaged in inter-tribal war, and that special consideration of the needs pacification and protection of agri- of the working class.

cultural Indians are imperative. HThink of the conquests which Massacres of missionaries and can- the workers' organizations have nibal feasts are not infrequent. made without the support of the Responsibility for this work should church, indeed sometimes in the be accepted by the national face of actual opposition from the churches, especially in Mexico and church. The church has failed to Brazil. The situation in Columbia face resolutely the greatest of the is especially critical. The congress social problems, that of bringing voted to observe the second Sunday home to the people the redeeming of October in the Latin American Christ and putting into the work- churches as a special day for the ing man's heart the kind of noble consideration of the needs and and generous emotions that will work for the indigenous races. enable him to fight his battles with The committee on women's work righteousness rather than with the recommended that a permanent might which makes right."

committee be appointed to organize The committee on religious edu- women's societies in all of the cation came to the congress with countries represented in the con- twenty-four carefully worded reso- gress, looking to an international lutions covering the entire scope of organization that would carry into work of this important department effect the resolutions that accom- of church activity. The report also panied the report. The congress provided for the organization of recognized the importance of wom- regional and central committees of en in the work of evangelism by religious education that would co- electing Sra. Natalia de Mendoza, operate in the creation of uniform of Mexico, one of the honorary methods and literature throughout vice-presidents of the congress. the entire area of Spanish Amer- The commission on ministerial ica.

training strongly favored union The educational work of the seminaries for the training of both boards and national churches came ministers and lay workers, declar- in for a thorough discussion and ing that-Hin order to assure the special emphasis was laid on the suitable preparation of ministers, necessity for a close identification, the committee favors the establish- and, where possible, integration, ment of interdenominational sem- with the educational system of the inaries as the most effective country where the work was being economic and Christian method. carried on. Indeed, the resolutions They seemed to be awake to the of the congress should give heart requirements of pioneer missionary to statesmen of the countries repre-

sented in Havana. Over and again Economic, and, in some instances, the nationals declared their inten- political conditions in the coun- tries represented in this group are tion of bringing to the state their such that work is maintained with loyal and earnest support in all the greatest sacrifice. In the face of these conditions the program matters of a public character. for extension and self-support out- The need for hospitals is very lined by these new Christian states- men is most inspiring. It brings evident and mission boards were to the boards and supporting agenasked "to establish at least one cies of North America new inspira- tion and challenge. evangelical hospital in every coun- The following definition of selftry, and more if possible in the support was adopted as the goal to- wards which all would work: larger ones. In those countries We understand that self-support comwhere there are no evangelical doc- prehends the support of the parish, tors they urged that the churches which includes the salaries of the pastor and his helpers, house rent, and payment select such individuals as may have of such other current expenses as may a vocation for that work and aid be necessary for the development of the work. Also as a norm and within the them in their preparation, and that measures of our possibilities we propose evangelical medical dispensaries the support of schools, hospitals, and other institutions which may be found and itinerant clinics be estab- necessary for the development of the lished." work in our different fields.

The congress gave great atten- In connection with the future tion to the message, and there was leadership of the Church, the con- gress voted: scarcely a discussion of any phase 1st. It being sufficiently proved that of the work that did not in some in almost all the Latin American nations way reveal the passion of the na- there exist national elements capable of acting as leaders, therefore it is logical tional missionary for the preaching to conclude that these leaders should go and teaching of the Gospel. "The on taking- the reins of power.

message is Jesus Christ," they said. 2nd. That it may be possible to have efficient leaders it is necessary to display "He is the revelation of what God is, the greatest activity in educating them. and what man through Him may become. We believe that this message 3rd. The relation between foreign and should be proclaimed in simple and direct native workers ought to be based on form; that its appeal should be to the frank and sincere companionship. heart and the mind, with the reverence and dignity that it merits; that it Bishop Hiram R. Hulse of the should come from the heart and the mind Protestant E pis cop a I church of the minister in sacred and continuous writes: contact with God, constrained by his passion for souls; that the sermon be brief, I believe that the most valuable result filled with compassion for men, digni- of the congress was the spirit of fellowfied in phraseology and literary form, ship which overleaped the boundaries adapting the message to our racial emo- of nation and race and language. This tions and in accord with the sacred will brin!; about better understanding beplace where it is proclaimed." tween the different elements. It will break down prejudice, it will promote The congress in its closing ses- common action where possible, and it sion made special plans to extend will increase the spirit of unity. These intangible results are far more importhe work of solidarity and for this tant in the long run than any definite purpose an organizing committee action the congress may have taken.

was named. Resolutions were adopted asking for the organiza- tion of prayer leagues, and the pUblication of a monthly bulletin that would give important new items of common interest to all the countries represented in the congress.

~~140PICS OF THE

The International Missionary of human ideals and enterprises from Council Committee at Wil- the central truth of God in which they properly inhere and from which they liamstown should draw their life and ideals.

REPRESENTATIVES of National The problem of religious liberty is Christian Councils from twenty- being forced to the front in the Near five nations were delegates at the East, most of all in Egypt, where the conference of the International Mis- highest Mohammedan courts have de- sionary Council Committee which clared that no Mohammedan woman opened at Williamstown, Massachu- has the liberty to change her religion; setts on July II. while in Iraq and in Syria different Dr. John R. Mott, chairman of the questions relating to missionary free- Council, who has recently visited and dom are being discussed both on the conferred with the National Councils spot and in the Mandates Commission of India, China and Japan, presided. at Geneva. Turkey and Persia pre- The secretaries of the council are Dr. sent a different, though related, series J. H. Oldham and Dr. William Paton, of problems of the highest imporof London, and Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, tance:x- of New York City. For the first time Indian, Chinese, African, Mexican, Dictatorship and Liberty in Italy Brazilian, Japanese and Siamese nationals, representing the national TRAVELERS in the realm of the Christian councils of their lands, sat ancient Cresars and the modern in the International Council with the "Duce" report interesting and imsame official status as delegates from portant changes in the spirit of the North America and Europe. people, the condition of the country and the strong hand of the Govern- Dr. Mott reported on his recent tour ment. There is clear evidence that of study in India, Siam, Straits Set- Italy is becoming an increasingly tlement, China, Japan and Korea. Dr. powerful nation. There is a Govern- Oldham recently toured Africa as a ment with a definite and aggressive member of a special commission ap- program; there is a growing and inpointed by King George V to study tensified patriotism; beggars have native affairs, and out of his investi- been banished; industry has taken the gations he is offering various rec- place of tropical indolence; the inommendations for educational pro- dustrial life and the agricultural acgrams in Africa. Dr. Paton has vis- tivities have been quickened; the ited Egypt, India, Iraq, Syria and importation of fruits and other prod- Turkey in the last year and brought ucts has been discouraged in favor of recommendations from those areas. the cultivation of those produced in Italy. Popular education has been ad- The need for closer cooperation be- vanced and there are many signs of a tween Christian churches and men of new material prosperity. The fear of science who have so large an influence in the modern world is being felt everywhere and this need and its Bi:~~~e~{~~~Ci~r~~lI~:ion~~t.etr~i~::~r t~~~~~ supply was studied at Williamstown. The growing world secularism lies not f: ~veb~l~';iI~~~ if~v·R~I~~ieEB·D~ti~~lsJo;;eer. Rij;: merely in a rising tide of worldliness and materialism, but in the separation J. H. ~'ranklin, Dr. Robert E. Speer, Professor ~iis~' It;t~~uB.ttcal~r::.· Tholllas NicholsOIl anll 621

"II Duce" has been instilled into the This is a brief resume of the thir- hearts of all, together with a mixture teen articles of the new law: of reverence for him and his man- dates. He holds the government in 1. That the Catholic Church is the his control and rules with the iron State religion, according to the Consti- hand of a patriotic despot. Appar- tion, and enjoys special privileges. She ently Italy comes first, Mussolini sec- is free in spiritual matters, but in civil ond and God last. The agreement matters the State is supreme, and bish- with the Pope and the formation of ops and priests must abide by the civil the Vatican City was in the interest laws of the State. of peace and stability by the removal of a powerful cause of friction and 2. Non-Catholic cults are no longer unrest. Now word comes from a rep- simply tolerated, but they are admitted resentative of the Evangelical Church into the State and have a right to the of Italy that full religious liberty is protection of the State. granted by the Government to Protestants of Italy. Non-Catholics are 3. Religious liberty and the right of protected by law and have full rights religious discussion is guaranteed to all in religious and civil matters. Rev. citizens. Stefano L. Testa, of the American European ,Fellowship, says: "A new 4. Marriages performed by Protestant day has arisen for the spreading of ministers and Jewish rabbis are as legal the Evangelical religion in the very as those performed by the priests, and center of Roman Catholicism. We all clergymen must register those marmust enter this good and effectual door riages with the State Bureau within five which the Lord has opened." days.

A special law regulating non- 5. That education is not to be con- Catholic cults admitted in the State trolled by any church, but by the State; was presented by Premier Mussolini and no religion is to be forced on chilto Parliament in a three-hour speech, dren in the public school. There will be and was approved almost unanimously, courses of religious instruction in the with only two dissenting votes. schools, but parents, who are the natural guardians of their children, can select When the Italo-Vatican Concordat the religion in which their children are was signed on February 11th, it was to be instructed in the public school, or feared that the Canon Law of the ask to be relieved from any religious church would be enforced upon all teaching. Italy, with the result that Protestant institutions would be suppressed and 6, Mussolini has made it clear that by the Roman Catholic Church would be the Concordat no temporal power has the only church in the kingdom. Many been restored to the Pope, but in fact the optimistic Roman Catholics so under- temporal power has been buried forever. stood it and Te Deums were sung in many churches for the supposed vic- This is tremendously important, tory of the Papacy. Many prayers especially since it comes from unexwent up to God by Evangelical Prot- pected quarters. Protestantism in estants, that the "little flock" might Italy was always regarded as an inbe allowed to' exist, even if they should trusion and was simply "tolerated" in suffer persecutions in His Name. law and persecuted in practice. Pre- mier Mussolini has now admitted it The new law nominally gives the into the State and we thank God for Protestants and Jews legal standing, this religious liberty. complete religious liberty and their churches are admitted and protected The Catholic papers in Italy, howby the State much more than before. ever, decry any such recognition or protection given to non-Catholic cults, God has intervened to save the while the fascisti and government pa- "little fiock" from being scattered. pers have risen in defense of Protes- tants and the new law, which was voted on May 13th.* "'Missionaries of the Evangelical Church in Italy, for the conduct of which The American European FetZowship is partly responsible look j for a great turning of the people's heart to the Gospel and a la.rge extension of our work there. Since this door has been thrown wide open in the providence of God, now is the time to pray for the work and send contributions, 80 that many souls will see the light of Christ and come to it.-S. L. TESTA, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

At the Ha'ana Congress somewhat unappreciated field of Latin- American missions, an international T HE Hispanic American Evangeli- fellowship and understanding, a new cal Congress met in Havana, Cuba, courage and faith in the power of from June 20 to 30 to bring about Christianity to transform the social closer Christian fellowship and more life of Latin America, a new sense of effective cooperation among Evangeli- competency for local leadership among cal Christian workers in countries the workers in the Evangelical bordering the Carribean Sea and the churches, and a new sense of per- Gulf of Mexico. It was hoped by this sonal friendship, free from subserconference to bring about a more per- vience, between many nationals and fect and cordial understanding be- many Americans, who will long chertween all the evangelical churches and ish the remembrance of distinguished all the educational, charitable and so- and delightful personalities among the cial institutions of an evangelical Spanish – American delegates. The character, to carry out general plans ideals and methods of missions to of propaganda which will more rap- Latin – American countries w ere idly reach the heart and the soul of speeded up, and the difficult problem these people, and to awaken greater of relations between the United States enthusiasm concerning the responsi- and Latin America was helped by a bility of the evangelical churches to new confidence between the Christian develop self-support, native leadership forces in these two areas of the and wider service. Western Hemisphere.

At the first plenary session, on Fri- Papal Peace with Mexico day, June 21st, the following officers were elected: Honorary Presidents, TH~ ~greement reached between the Dr. J. Marcial Dorado (Cuba); Dr. QUIrInal and the Vatican in Italy Juan B. Huyke (Porto Rico); Dr. and the establishment of a Vatican Erasmo Braga (Brazil). President, City in Rome has been followed by a Gonzalez Baez Camargo (Mexico). compromise agreement between the Vice-Presidents, Angel Archilla Cab- Roman Catholic Church and the State rera (Porto Rico); Sra. Natalia de of Mexico. It will be remembered Mendoza (Mexico); Alfredo Santana that the Mexican Government passed (Cuba); Alberto Rembao (Spanish- a law three years ago by which all speaking churches in the U. S.). church property was practically con- Secretaries: Recording-Ricardo Bar- fiscated by the State, priests and memrios (Cuba) ; J. T. Ramirez (Mexico) ; bers of religious orders were for- Corresponding – Abelardo M. Diaz bidden to teach in religious garb and Morales (Porto Rico); Registration foreign clergy were prohibited from – Philo W. Drury (Porto Rico). preaching and administering the Sac- Treasurer: Arsenio Catala (Cuba). raments in the Mexican churches. As Business Committee: the officers and a result many churches were closed Messrs. C. S. Detweiler, G. W. Hin- and there followed a popular demonman, S. G. Inman, E. A. Odell (United stration in some sections protesting States; Arturo Parajon (Nicaragua); against these prohibitions. Protes- Herminio Rodriguez (Mexico) ; Campo tant churches and schools accepted the Elias Mayorga (Colombia); Flavio new regulations and put their work in Argueta (Guatemala). charge of native clergy.

The thirteen permanent commis- Many foreign-born clergy and nuns sions met under the temporary presi- were deported and the church officials dency of the authors of preliminary were charged with fomenting unrest papers and elected their own presi- and insurrection. The assassination dents and secretaries. of President-elect Obregon was traced The Congress was worth while for some new things were created in the

to the agitation of a certain nun the walls of Nanking. It looks as against the government. though Marshall Feng would break For the past year, both parties have with them."

been seeking for some solution that It is now reported that Marshall would enable the Church to raise the Feng YU-hsiang will avoid an open interdict and for the Government to military conflict with the Nationalist relax its policy. Finally they have Party and will leave China to study reached an agreement by which the industry abroad. This withdrawal churches will reopen and carryon would remove a strong factor from the their work. present situation and may enable the President Gil's official statement Nationalist Government to unify the says that certain provisions of the law country more speedily. It is rumored have been misunderstood, and that that General Feng may come to Amer- they did not really mean what the ica. General Yun Hsi-Shan, the pow- hierarchy took them to mean; that, erful factor in Shansi, is mentioned moreover, it is perfectly permissible as the possible successor to General for any citizen to apply to the proper Feng, who has many bitter enemies.

authorities for the amendment, repeal They charge him with being too or passage of any law. friendly with Russia and the Commu- Archbishop Ruiz, speaking for nists, with being disloyal to the Nank- Rome, expresses the hope that this will ing Government and destructive in his "lead the Mexican people, animated by campaigns. The struggle for Sun a spirit of mutual good will, to coop- YatSE)n's ideals and for control in erate in all moral efforts made for the China naturally develops enmity, su- benefit of all people of our father- l!p:iei&ll and jealousy. General Feng land." is -regarded by those who know him In a later letter the Archbishop ad- best as.a patriot and a friend of the mits that though as yet the laws have people, and as loyal to the principles not been modified as desired, the mo- of Sun Yat Sen. He has shown abil- ment has come to seek an agreement ity as a leader, with strength and for- which permits the faithful to "practice bearance toward his enemies, and their Catholic faith," "that this would high moral qualities in the command remedy the evils which suspension of of his troops. He refuses, however, this faith had created, and the even to cooperate with leaders who mani- greater evils created among the peo- fest a selfish desire to use their public ple's habits and public morality." office for private gain. It is difficult, Mexico City is reported to be quiet, if not impossible, to discover military with priests in attendance at all leaders in China today who are devoid churches restored to them by the Gov- of such failings. Anyone in the asernment. cendency is under suspicion. Perhaps General Feng's greatest weakness is Protestants generally share in the his lack of education to fit him to be benefits of the new orders. They a national leader. He finds it difficult sympathize with the desire of the peo- to put confidence in other leaders who ple to have their places of worship re- come into great power. This may ex- plain the reason why he has broken opened.

The Outlook in China with one after another. The Cabinet of the Nationalist Government con- THE political outlook in China is tains a number of strong men and not bright. A correspondent should be given an opportunity to writes: "The Nationalist Government show what they can do to unify China, is not making good. Chiang Kai Shek to establish peace and to educate the is putting all his relatives into lucra- people under civil government. Per- tive positions. The authority of the fection is too much to expect for many Government is scarcely felt outside decades-never without Christ. By MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions Having had for fifteen years the Whoever gives a child a home responsibility of the Sunday-school Builds palaces in Kingdom Come. missionary program in a local church, the chairman of such a One great American poet, Jocommittee has my sympathy. Juicy aquin Miller, pictures Christ and material is hard to find. Responsive little children in these sweet lines: readings often used are dull and Then reaching his hands he said, lowly, leave little deposit that is of active value. We have found the following "Of such is my kingdom," and then suggestions wholesome in their ef- Took the little brown babes in the holy fect. White hands of the Saviour of men; CHILDHOOD IN THE MOSLEM Held them close to his breast and ca- WORLD ressed them, Put his face down to theirs as in prayer; Held them up to his cheeks, and so, blessed them With baby hands hid in his hair!

(12 minutes when properly pre- One generation, one entire genpared) eration of all the world of children understood as they should be, loved Introduction: as they ask to be, and so developed as they might be, would more than Like a cradle rocking, rocking, begin the millennium. Silent, peaceful, to and fro, Today, more than two thousand Like a mother's sweet looks dropping years after the Great Commission On the little face below, was given by the world's Saviour, I present to you the problem of Hangs the green earth, swinging, swing- 87,331,000 Moslem children who ing, have not heard of Christ. The Prophet Ezekiel tells us that their Jarless, noiseless, safe and slow; blood shall be required of us! Falls the light of God's face bending If these children stood in line, Down and watching us below. holding hands, they would stretch twice around the globe. o great heart of God! whose loving Cannot hindered be nor crossed; Will not weary, will not even In our death itself be lost- Love divine! of such great loving, Only mothers know the cost- Cost of love, which all love passing, Gave a SON to save the lost. A World Mother: I come as the Mother of the Characters shOUld appear as the World to speak this word for my names are read by World Mother. Moslem children, my Moslem little A scroll on which the names are ones. I call your mind to those printed, can be made by anyone stirring words of the poet Mase- who has ingenuity.

field: The pictures of Moslem children Whoever gives a child a treat in costume (page 627) correspond Makes joYbells ring on Heaven's street; to the following titles, which are 625 4 followed by the approximate num- pasted on cardboard; if picture impos- sible, use captions printed or written on ber of children represented in each card. country or race. Assign to each of the several Children boys and girls in advance the task Repre8enting" to assemble facts concerning the 1. A son of Islam territory and people mentioned. 2. A Moslem boy and girl On a given Sunday have these from Bokhara ……… 1,250,000 facts handed to the missionary 3. A little Tartar Girl (Cen- program chairman who shall as- tral Asia) …………. 2,000,000 semble the best returns in a three 4. A Bride from Algeria … 2,000,000 minute report just before the dem- 5. Young girl and baby, Mes- onstration. seria tribe, Sudan ….. 1,000,000 6. Little sisters from Bengal 10,000,000 Take your copy of the MISSIONARY RE- 7. Russian child ………. 8,000,000 VIEW OF THE WORLD to the meeting where 8. Tunisian children …. . . . 800,000 the parts are assigned. Let the children 9. Daughter of a Nawab of see the pictures and study them. Hyderabad, India ••…. 600,000 10. Moslems at Biskra ….. . 1,000,000 SOMETHING FOR BOYS 11. Egyptian mother and child 4,000,000 12. Children, Beshari tribe, OUR GIFTS TO THE ORIENT Egyptian Sudan …… . 500,000 13. Child from Equatorial First Boy Africa ……………. 10,000,000 Our gifts to the Orient. What 14. Children of Mecca, West Arabia … '" ….. '" . .. 1,000,000 are they and what have they done? 15. The price of a Turkish rug 5,000,000 Let them speak for themselves. 16. Young Mohammedans in China … '" ……….. 10,000,000 Second Boy (representing OIL): 17. Fellah girl from Egyp- tian village ….. . . . . . . . 3,000,000 "I have lengthened the day. I 18. A Persian child …….. 4,800,000 have made night study possible. I 19. Children from East Ara- hold a torch to light men out of bia ……………….. 1,000,000 physical darkness. More than that 20. Beggar boy from Algiers 1,000,000 I cannot do. If they prefer dark- ness, I am helpless." There are 120,000 Moslem children under the stars and stripes Third Boy (representing RAIL- in the Philippines. There are over ROADS): one hundred million Moslem chil- "The day is past when it was dren in Asia, Africa and the is- necessary to paint white bars lands who are heirs of superstition, across my windows because pas- sengers, ignorant of the nature of ignorance, and immoral teaching. glass, might break, both pate and pane when tempted to poke out Christ died for them. His last their heads. Past, too, are the commission includes them. nights when Koreans, thinking the railroad bed to be like a Korean His word is "GO YE." bed, lay down in my path on the stone roadbed with the rail as a Song: "Jesus Loves the Little pillow. Today I carry the whole Children" (One verse sung by all Orient breathlessly hither and the children in costume.) thither. For those who would flit, I provide speed. One thing I can- Song: "We've a Story to Tell to not provide: purpose; and speed without purpose is futile." the Nations" (One verse sung by all present.) NOTE: Children love to play "dress up." For public school demonstrations parents and others will spend hours in helping the children to prepare their costumes. Let the children work these out themselves under supervision. Where costumes are impractical, use a -picture • Estimated children under 18 vears foHow- Ing figures in Dr. Zwemer's book "Islam."

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Fourth Boy (representing an Au- oblivion from life's troubles. My TOMOBILE) : masters are cunningly planning to "I displace the camel, the horse, make their millions- by making the water-buffalo. The consecrated their publicity so attractive that stables of Siam's white elephants every boy and girl shall be per- have been turned into garages and suaded to use me."

the picture of the sacred animal Eighth Boy (representing CHEWhas long since been removed from ING GUM): the national flag. The portrait of a flivver has not been substituted, "With my slogan, 'Do not swalalthough I am much more precious low,' as a caution to those unfamito the heart of the native than the liar with my peculiar charms, I white elephant ever was! The bring the pleasure of mastication Arab of North Africa gives me without the expense of actual food. petrol to drink and the jinns under I supplant the betel nut in Siam, my hood do wonders. Throughout and cocoa in Peru. About the the world, I am an accelerator, but dainty Japanese stenographer as I do not pretend to morals, I do there hangs no longer the scent of not care whether I accelerate good cherry blossoms, nor of wisteriaor evil." but of spearmint. All of which I regard as a triumph in the dis- Fifth Boy (representing ELEC- semination of American products."

TRICITY) : Ninth Boy (representing MOVING PICTURES) : "I bring heat to those who want it; coolness to those who will "My worst in America becomes adopt my fan instead of the lag- my best in the East. I come gard punkah, light to great cities straight from the world's moral and towns. I even turn the prayer fashion center, to show these bewheels of Buddhist priests. nighted heathen how civilized Whether the many comforts and people really act." luxuries I make possible be used to advance or to hamper spiritual Tenth Boy (representing FOREIGN growth depends upon others, not CLOTHEs-a th,ree-piece suit): upon me." "Slowly but surely I am con- Sixth Boy (representing a FAC- quering the world. The human TORY): race will not truly be respectable "In the Orient I produce wealth until it is clothed in coat, vest and trousers. If there is anything else and scatter it throughout the East needed to make human happiness, -and where in the world is wealth I don't know what it is." more needed? True, I coin much of it from the bodies of children. Young Man (representing WEST- I have prudently left behind in ERN VIEW POINT) : America the troublesome Christian "The West believes itself capable labor legislation that considers of saving the world. It is efficient, children of more worth than as efficient as fire. Life and death wealth." are in its flames. It can do as Seventh Boy (representing CIGA- much good as harm, as much RETTE) : harm as good. We have inflamed "I dull the pains of the East. the East with our modern spirit.

Yet even I cannot bring complete We have set the miracles of science

blazing in the imagination of every have nice place to go like pickers in Pem- Oriental. But have we also given berton. the Christian spirit which, in large degree, has controlled the civiliza- ROSIE. tion of the West and has made it a fire to warm rather than a fire * ** to consume. It is easy for the fire to get out of control in the East, Beet Fields, Colorado because, in pressing upon the Orient all the gifts of a mechanistic To the members of the Sunday-School age we have omitted the one or Light Bearers Band (Fill in appro- GREAT GIFT-which gives synthesis and direction to all others. priate name of Organization) THE "GREAT GIFT" SHOULD GO FIRST. So tired tonight. We all worked all day in beet fields. Wish my Pedro and METHOD FOR PRESENTING MI- Consuelo could live in clean place and go to school like you. GRANT WORK AT A CHILD- REN'S MEETING A MIGRANT MEXICAN MOTHER.

MISS EDITH LOWRY **** Secretary of Migrant Work, Coun- Walnut Grove, California cil of Women for Home Missions To the members of the Sunday-School The worship period should be or Light Bearers Band (Fill in approbased on Migrant Work,-appro- priate name of Organization) priate scripture, hymns and poems may be chosen. Me and 3 brothers and 2 sisters came to "asparagus" yesterday. Mother, Immediately at close of the worship service a child in a costume of father two big brothers work in a cana Western Union messenger rushes nery all day. Sisters and me go migrant in and delivers the following telegrams to the presiding officer who school. Baby brother go nursery. Lots reads them aloud. more families like ours here too. We find Hood River Valley, Oregon friends here-take care babies, make sick people well, tell us about Jesus-that He To the members of the Sunday-School or Light Bearers Band (Fill in appro- loves Japanese children too-learns us priate name of Organization) : have good times. Easy be good her" Came from Idaho last week, to pick Next place we go no friends-so much apples-3000 of us came. Live in old bad all round us. We want mo~ fri.."ds tent. Father sick with typhoid fever, some kids have chicken-pox. Can't go to How can we find this kind of friend? school because school books cost too much. If we don't like here we will go on to MISHI. California. Wish we could stay in one place all year. We have no real friends. **** Will you be our friends? After each telegram is read, a JACK. child can tell in his own words *** * what is being done for the children Cranberry Bogs, New Jersey in these various places. At the To the members of the Sunday-School close perhaps the children could or Light Bearers Band (Fill in appro- priate name of Organization) frame a telegram to send their greetings to the migrant children. Have to take care of babies all day on bogs. Get tired and cold. Wish we could These telegrams could be sent to various migrant centers through the Council of Women for Home Missions, 105 East 22d Street, New York, New York.

Following leaflets would be help- ful in working out this presenta- tion and can be secured from above named organization.

Little Gypsies of the Fruit … Five cents Nomad Neighbors ……….. Ten cents Migratory Children …………. Fre~ Whither Bound ……………… Free Millstones ………………….. Free College Girl's Diary …….. Ten cents Reports ……………………. Free Program-Farm and Cannery Mi- grants …………………… Fre~

OPENING THE DOOR to, when I lived out west, but whEm I moved here there was no Society MRS. FRED VICTOR, Yonkers, N. Y. for me to join. I am glad to have my name put down as a member." It is always possible to secure the name of the pastor in any zero This work is full of surprises. charge, as some of the denomina- After you have found the keytions call the church where there woman, she may consent to invite is no organized missionary work. some of the other church-women to Begin the approach by writing to her home for a social afternoon, him, asking for the name of some so that you can talk over with them woman in his church to whom the the situation in both Home and matter of missions could be pre- Foreign Fields. It is amazing how sented. If the pastor himself is many women in our churches have interested, he will be more than no idea of the magnitude of misglad for any help that you can give sionary work. This, in itself, conhim. If you can make him see that stitutes an initial challenge. your desire is not just to add another organization, but that you In one denomination two secrecovet for the women of his church taries planned a Visitation Camthat more abundant life, that can paign with the purpose of be found only, as sensing our bless- removing every "zero" charge in ings in Christ, we try to share their districts. This required carethose blessings with every woman ful and prayerful preparation. who haiS not yet found Christ, you They interviewed personally or by will find that he will help you. letter the pastors of these charges and secured permission to present A secretary who had been as- the work at a regular church servsigned to this work called on a ice. They found women who were pastor who was immediately ready willing to carry the message. They to help. He called one of his pa- prepared an address, because some rishioners, asking if she would re- of these women had never spoken ceive the visitor. The answer was in public before. an emphatic "No!" At the District Meeting, held "Don't call anyone else, please," just before this Campaign opened, said the secretary, "just give me the secretaries presented their plan the name and I will call on her." and said that they had done all that they could do to make the The name was given. When the campaign a success, but that it secretary arrived at the home she would fail unless backed by the found that the woman was having prayers of the women of the disa tea party on the porch. "How, trict. The dates were announced thought the secretary, am I to pre- when the visits were to be made sent missions to her when she is and the women were asked to regiving a tea party? As the hostess member them as days for prayer. excused herself to her guests and invited her visitor to a side porch, Those who are brave enough to that visitor raised her heart in attempt this missionary service prayer that God would give her dare not let any discouragement the words to speak. When she had block the way. It may take time. made her appeal the hostess an- The first attempt may fail. Faith swered without hesitation: and prayer and patient effort will find the "Key-Woman." "Why yes, I should like' to belong to the Missionary Society. I used

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York PRESBYTERIAN WOMEN and Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, of the Board Presbyterian missionary women had of National Missions, because of illtwo meetings in May at St. Paul, ness were unable to be present but the Minn., in connection with the 141st biennial rejoiced in the presence of General Assembly of the Presbyterian Miss Margaret E. Hodge, vice-presi- Church in the United States of Ameri- dent of the Board of Foreign Missions ca. The second biennial of the women and chairman of the Council of Womsummed up the goals achieved in spir- en's Committees. itual advance during the past two years and suggested plans for future Although the biennial was not called work. The Conference of One Hun- to discuss the future status of women dred Women was even more important, in the church, nevertheless, one mornfor the General Council of the church ing was given over to this very vital had called this group together to find subject. Miss Hodge gave a brief out from representative women the history of women's work and place in general sentiment of the women of the the church, both in the Presbyterian church at large regarding a change in and in other denominations, and, sometheir ecclesiastical status and also what to the surprise of many, it was what they thought should be the fu- soon evident that the delegates to the ture of organized work in the denomi- biennial themselves were strongly of nation. Neither the biennial nor the the conviction that the time had come conference was official in that any rec- for women to be granted larger place ommendations were binding on the and opportunities in Presbyterian boards of the church but they were church matters. It was pointed out indicative of the mind and activity of that while women may vote in the lothe women, and both the Women's cal church, they have no voice in pres- Committees of the Boards and the bytery, synod nor General Assembly. General Council took into most serious Noone there, however, desired to beconsideration all actions and findings come a minister-few even had leanof both groups. ings toward the eldership. It was even stated that doubtless every woman present would vote against having a The Biennial woman pastor in her local church. Yet The theme of the biennial was there are other phases of the subject "Builders in a New Day." Every ad- to be taken into account, especially dress and discussion was concerned the growing demand of the young peo- with the transition from the present pie that all sex bars in ecclesiastical to the future-with the handing on of matters be removed, even as they are responsibilities from the women of the being removed in political and civic present day to the young people who life. The whole tenor of this biennial are to carryon the work in the next discussion pointed strongly toward the generation. The biennial program had action which was later taken by the been arranged to provide ample op- Conference of Women.

portunity for discussion. Practically It was the desire of the delegates no board secretaries were on the pro- that a third biennial be held two years gram, all the addresses being made by hence. Instead of ten goals of the the delegates and the furloughed mis- past year three more inclusive goals sionaries. Mrs. D. Everett 'Yaid, were suggested: Faith, Fellowship, chairman of the Biennial CommIttee, and Future. Sunday evening there 631

was a retreat, led by Mrs. Daniel J. many men leaders have definitely an- Fleming of New York, and after two nounced their conviction that this hours of meditation and prayer, the "disability" of the women should be biennial closed its second term of removed. In several denominations "spiritual advance." this has been done, including the Con- Conference of One Hundred Women gregational, the Northern Baptist, Dis- ciples of Christ, Christian, United Intense interest centered in the Con- Brethren, Friends, and African Methference of Women which began Mon- odist Episcopal Zion churches. A day, May 20th. This conference was called by the General Council in order "Special Committee on the Official Reto find out how the women of the lation of Women in the Church" was church regarded the overture to Gen- appointed by the General Assembly in eral Assembly suggested by the Coun- 1919. This committee, headed by Dr. S. cil, and which, if passed by the Hall Young, after months of investigapresbyteries, will make women eligible as ministers and elders, thus enabling tion and correspondence with leading them to have a voice in the conduct of men and women in the Presbyterian the church other than in the local con- and other denominations, and after gregation. A second matter for dis- thorough study of the Scriptures, sent cussion at this conference was the to the General Assembly an overture enlarging of the women's missionary organization by giving entrance to the recommending the ordination of wom- Boards of Christian Education and en as ministers and elders. This over- Pensions, thus enabling other women ture was sent down to the presbyteries in the church to find lines of activity. in 1920 but while the vote was 139 for and 125 against, the overture was lost The most careful preparation was because 37 presbyteries did not vote made for this conference. The One at all and had to be counted on the Hundred Women included the women negative side. members of the four boards, two synodical presidents and two presbyterial In 1926 the General Council represidents from each district elected quested its two corresponding memby the biennial, women active in all bers, Mrs. Fred S. Bennett and Miss types of women's organizations in the Margaret E. Hodge, to study causes church, and others not definitely as- of "unrest among the women of the sociated with organized women's church" and report their findings to church work. Some of these had been the Council. The first biennial meet- ing in San Francisco in May, 1927, made a similar report.

elected at the biennial meetings, others The report by Miss Hodge and Mrs.

were appointed by General Council. Bennett was presented to the General But all were selected with a desire to Council in November, 1927, and conhave the fullest representation possi- tained among other statements: "If ble of women's activities and also the by unrest among the women of the widest geographic reach. Board sec- church is meant a far-reaching, organ- retaries were present but only as "ob- ized, seething opinion, it does not ex- servers," with no voice except when ist …… The women are not a unit in specifically called on for a point of their attitude toward the position ac- information. corded them in the Presbyterian The steps leading up to this con- Church." The report went on to say, ference were many. In the last dozen however, that "when the church, by or more years there has been in all action taken by the men of the church denominations a growing feeling that with but the slightest consultation women, who now have equal place with with the women, and then only as to men in political and social life were methods, decided to absorb these agen- not satisfied with their subordinate cies" (mission boards of the women, position in the church. For years built up through long years by them-

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

selves and functioning successfully) discussion when Dr. Speer came. Al- such decision opened the whole ques- most at the start the conference leaned tion of the status of women in the toward equal status for women. Not church. "Women faced the fact that a woman present wanted to be a min- their sex constitute about sixty per ister or an elder; not a speaker "de- cent of the membership of the church, manded rights," yet again and again yet as individuals they had no status it was brought out that the young beyond voting in the local churches. people in the church wished no sex …… They saw the church, which af- inequality; that many brilliant Pres- firmed spiritual equality, lagging far byterian young women were going in- behind in the practical expression of to other denominations where they it." could be ordained as ministers; that The General Council received this there were many places in the Presby- report sympathetically and appointed terian Church-especially in remote a committee consisting of Dr. Robert localities and on the mission field- E. Speer, chairman, Mrs. Bennett, where no men were available or even Miss Hodge, and Dr. Lewis S. Mudge, prepared for office as pastors or elders stated clerk of General Assembly, to and churches could not be organized, plan for a conference at which fifteen or the church's benefits given, while women from various parts of the coun- strong women, well qualified for such try should be .invited to meet with the office, were there and these women, in General Council to discuss the paper. nearly every instance, had become This conference of fifteen was held in qualified for such work through the Chicago in November, 1928, and as a training they had received in the mis- result General Council framed an over- sionary society.

ture to General Assembly asking that But always the basic reason for the women be given equal status with men opinion of the conference was the fu- in the church. ture generation. It was felt that per- The Conference of One Hundred sonal opinions must be laid aside for opened with utmost solemnity and ser- the sake of the young men and women iousness. All present were keenly con- who, through their young people's scious of their great responsibility. programs, are already working togeth- The retiring, Dr. Hugh K. Walker, er in the churches with no thought of and Dr. Mudge gave a brief resume of sex lines.

the reason for the gathering. Miss As a result the conference voted Margaret E. Hodge presided over all with hardly a dissenting voice, to rec- sessions, and Miss Florence G. Tyler ommend to the General Council that led the discussions. Miss Hodge re- the overture to make women eligible minded the members that the confer- as ministers and elders in the Pres- ence was not emoowered to do more byterian Church in the United States than make recoIiImendations to the of America be presented to the Gen- General Council, that it had no official eral Assembly. The overture was pre- voting power. sented at the last Saturday morning It was soon evident that the mem- session of the assembly, and to the bers of the conference wished to get surprise of nearly everyone, it went to what most of them felt was the through the assembly without debate principal subject of the gathering, the or argument. Dr. Speer in presenting status of women. Although the agenda it stated that what discussion there planned this theme for the second af- was on the matter would come in the ternoon, when Dr. Speer, the chairman presbyteries, and the overture was of General Council's Committee of voted immediately. It now goes down Four, would be present, the conference to the fall and spring presbyteries for at the end of the first session voted action and the next General Assembly to take it up Monday evening, in order will report the decision.

to prepare themselves for intelligent By AN OBSERVER•. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd St., New York Executive Secretary, Council of lVomen for Home Mission8 ONE With the approach of the present God never meant us to be separated century the current set in the direc- From one another in our work and tion of new and significant cooperathought; tion. That no man liveth unto himself Spirits that share His Spirit or by himself was found to be true of mated, He has missionary organization. Certain That so His loving purpose may be things could not only be better done wrought, together, it was necessary that they be His gracious will be done done together. Women's denomination- In earth and heaven, as one. al missionary organizations were -Selected.

NATIONAL COMMISSION OF PROT. drawn together in the annual observ- ESTANT CHURCH WOMEN ance of an interdenominational day of prayer. Committees were formed to Offisial statement authoriz(ld by the Spf'cial plan for the production and publication . CommIttee on Relationship of the Commission of mission study books and other liter- to the Federation and Council.'"

The National Commission of Prot- ature. The founding of Chautauqua estant Church Women is the latest development in a movement that began Institute in 1874 aroused interest in more than a hundred years ago. summer education and was an influence which nourished the idea of confer- As the nineteenth century appeared ences for women. Quite naturally this upon the threshold, in 1800, fourteen fellowship of leading Christian womwomen representing Baptists and Con- en in service, prayer, and study ingregational Churches united to form clined the women's denominational the "Boston Female Society for Mis- missionary boards to organize the sionary Purposes," destined to become Council of Women for Home Missions through its contributing branches the and the Federation of Woman's Boards "Female Mite and Cent" societies of of Foreign Missions. These two na- New England, an outstanding factor tional bodies have worked side by side in the extension of early home mission for years in their respective fields proenterprises. This initial event ush- moting the production of mission study ered in a century of organization. The "Woman's Union Missionary Society books and literature, the establishment of America" strengthened the foreign of women's conferences and schools mission cause by sending single wom- of missions, the observance of days of en to far distant lands. Within the prayer for home and foreign missions various denominations there was a and the cultivation of student contacts stirring, resulting in the organization in schools and colleges for the purpose of their women into national societies of gaining recruits for missionary for the extension of missions at home service. Local women's interdenomiand abroad. Independent societies national groups which were in existarose indicating a wide range of in- ence here and there were fostered by terest, notably abolition of slavery, to- each separately, and how to provide tal abstinence, woman's suffrage. them with an effective program was made the subject of careful study. The rapid increase in the number of • 'rbi. statement was authorized in )Iay. local units brought to the Federation ~vents b~yf'. movpn rapidly. The item regard~ and the Council the realization of the mg the !atlOnal Counci! of Feilerated Church need for closer cooperation. Joint S'lVll~PmSenC oimnmd ui tdt ei ne gont he rf' port ()f the Relation- page 636, should be noted.

634 instead of separate committees were Pittsburgh in December, 1924, for the appointed on Women's Church and purpose of outlining a program and Missionary Federations, Day of presenting a scheme of unification Prayer, Conferences and Schools of which would correlate and coordinate Missions and Student interests. Com- all the activities or organized church munication with the local groups was women.

carried on jointly through periodic The delegates represented five par- letters sent several times a year. The ticipating groups: The Federal Coun- day of prayer program included both cil of the Churches of Christ in home and foreign missions and yet America, the Federation of Woman's more recently has united the Christian Boards of Foreign Missions, the Coun- women the world round in a World cil of Women for Home Missions, the Day of Prayer. Association of Executive Secretaries As time passed the trend of think- of Councils and Federations of ing expanded and as the content of the Churches, and Local Interdenomina- missionary concept was realized to be tional Groups of Church Women of more inclusive the items considered the various types.

covered a larger scope; such as, law The Conference in Pittsburgh observance, international, interracial proved to be the first of four, the and industrial relations, legislative others being held as follows: Cleve- matters, especially those relating to land, June, 1926; St. Douis, June, the welfare of mothers and children. 1927; Buffalo, June, 1928.

The number of local groups has stead- Previous to the Buffalo meeting the ily increased, there being now between Federation of Woman's Boards of nine hundred and a thousand that car- Foreign Missions and the Council of ry on various activities and over four Women for Home Missions had both hundred others which unite in the an- taken action approving cooperation nual observance of the World Day of with the Women's Local Federations Prayer, a total of some fourteen hun- in the appointment of a guiding group dred. To keep in contact with these to consist of six members from each was no small task, and the need of a of the three cooperating groups to- secretary in the field was keenly felt gether with three members from the and repeatedly expressed in the an- church-at-Iarge selected by the Guid- nual meetings. ing Group itself. Provision was also During the last ten years there has made for alternates. This guiding been a remarkable increase in cities group chose for its name the National and states of Councils and Federa- Commission of Protestant Church tions of Churches. These are affiliated Women which has been made the me- with the Federal Council. Their pro- dium of communication with women's gram of community service makes a state and local interdenominational strong appeal. Consequently numbers groups. Through it are to be continued of these state and local federations the functions of the former Joint have occasioned the formation of aux- Committee on Women's Church and iliary organizations of women, in some Missionary Federations. Its budgets cases known as women's departments and policies are to be submitted to the or divisions of the local councils or Federation and the Council for final federations. These differed materially approval. All matters of interest and from the earlier typical woman's mis- concern and actions from these two sionary union or women's church and national bodies channel through it to missionary federation in that their the local interdenominational groups.

major interest centered in some one An office has been opened at 1123 or more phases of community service. Broadway, New York City and offi- In response to the desire for a closer cers appointed.

unity and a more inclusive program, Thus the National Commission of a conference was called which met in Protestant Church Women is the re-

suit of a quest for a unified program 1. After a careful analysis of the posand a unified approach to local inter- sible and actual field of activity of each denominational groups. It is not an group involved, it is our unanimous organization; rather it is a method opinion that for future successful coopof procedure in which the Federation, erative work, it is necessary that their the Council and the women's state and fields of activity shall be distinct and local groups are partners. It is an ad- clearly defined. venture in fellowship and in service. Method and means are subject to mod- 2. That the fields of activity of the ification, but the shining goal remains National Council of Federated Church unchanged-the enlistment of the full Women and the National Commission of strength of the Christian womanhood Protestant Church Women are in the of our country for the extension of main, if not in their entirety, identical. the reign of Christ into every area of every life everywhere. Your committee therefore unanimously recommends: NATIONAL COUNCIL OF FEDER- 1. That a merger of the activities of ATED CHURCH WOMEN the National Council of Federated Church Women and the National Com- At the fifth annual conference of mission of Protestant Church Women be women's state and local interdenomi- effected, the same to be finally operative national groups held in Boston June not later than June, 1930. (It is our 15-18 in conjunction with the annual unanimous opinion that this arrangemeeting of the National Commission ment will provide for the Christian womof Protestant Church Women, forma- en of the churches, a clear and perfect tion of a third organization of church channel for their organizational activiwomen on a national scale was per- ties.) fected-the National Council of Federated Church Women. The other two 2. That when such merger shall have organizations are the Council of Wom- been effected the National Council of en for Home Missions and the Fed- FedeTated ChuTch Women shall thereeration of Woman's Boards of Foreign after be recognized as the national or- Missions of North America. ganization of women's interdenomina- tional groups. The National Commission of Protestant Church Women was set up last 3. That, in order that the National year as an experiment and is not an Council of Federated Church Women may organization but as its name-Com- be encouraged in its development toward mission-indicates partakes of the na- complete self-support, the Federation of ture of a committee. Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and the Council of Women for Home The following report was accepted Missions continne for this and the two and the Relationships Committee was succeeding years, financial cooperation requested to proceed to work out cor- on a diminishing scale. relation of the three women's national bodies for presentation to the execu- 4. That, in view of the above, we rective bodies at their next meetings. ommend the continuance of the· present RelaiJionships Committee or the appoint- Relationships ment of another, whose responsibility it shall be to work out the correlation of Your Committee of six on Relation- the three bodies, the same to be ready ships among the four existing bodies for presentation to the executive bodies -the Federation of Woman's Boards of the Federation of Wotnan's Boards of of Foreign Missions, the Council of FOTeign Missions, the Council of Women Women for Home Missions, the Na- for Home Missions and the National tional Commission of Protestant Council of Federated Church Women at Church Women, and the National their next executive meetings. Council of Federated Church Women submits the following report: (The Committee on Relationships consisted of Mrs. John Ferguson, Chairman (Chairman of the Commis- sion), Mrs. James T. Ferguson and Mrs. L. 1. Walker from the National Council of Federated Church Women, Mrs. F. 1. Johnson and Mrs. Ernest A. Evans from the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, Mrs. Orrin R. Judd and Mrs. McD. Howsare from the Council of Women for Home Missions.)

AMERICA Summer conferences are held

these students at Northfield, Lake Unofficial Ambassadors Geneva, Seabeck, Blue Ridge, Silver Bay and other places. OVER nine thousand students from one hundred and one foreign Many testimonies show the benefits lands are studying this year in four received by students and the gratitude hundred colleges and universities of felt by their compatriots. The annual the United States. Of these the larg- budget calls for over $30,000 which inest number come from China (1,109) ; cludes salaries for the national group India (208); Japan (814); Korea secretaries and other items. This (131); Mexico (271); Sol1th Amer- work deserves support. ica (272); Siam (22); Africa (83); and from Western Asia (333). There Student Sobriety Society are also Filipinos, Russians and Siamese. AN ANTIDOTE for the "hip-flask" ft among young people is the "Stu- What a wonderful opportl1nity to influence these young men and young dent Sobriety Society," which is growwomen for Christ and so to mold their ing steadily. Given adequate pubcharacters, their careers and their des- licity, it may quickly spread round the tinies. The Committee on Friendly world. Relations with Foreign Students (founded in 1911) of which Mr. September 7, 1928, in the Mankato, Charles D. Hurrey is the General Sec- Minn. high school, flve students orretary, undertakes to meet these stu- ganized this society, whose motto is, dents, to make them feel at home in "Keep That Schoolboy Complexion." America, to surround them with Chris- Almost immediately three other chaptia.n infll1ences a.nd to introduce them ters were organized in Minnesota, to American Christians. It is a won- while the parent organization as derful opportunity to promote inter- quickly grew from five to sixty-four national understanding and friend- The purpose of the club is to insure a ship, to open the best American homes higher type of young manhood by and ideals to these foreign guests who obedience to law, and particularly by will be future leaders in their home total abstinence from alcoholic liquors. lands, to bring blessings to Americans through these contacts, and to help the Each new chapter must have at individual students by introducing least five members and an adult adthem to Jesus Christ and His way of visor, all masculine. A constitution Life. These students have formed has been prepared and a national ortheir own organizations such as the ganization arranged. German Students Cooperative Association and the Hindustan Association. Fellowship meetings and various The most helpfully influential are the activities maintain membership in- Chinese Students' Christian Associa- terest. It is self-determining, "not to tion, the Filipino Students' Christian be under the direct supervision of any Association, the Korean Students' high-school faculty," only high-school Federation and the Russian Students' students being eligible to active mem- Christian Association. bership, though boys in junior high may enroll as associate members. Membership duties are total absti- nence, mutual helpfulness, affirmative 637

debates for prohibition and its en- Rural Church Problem M forcement, "and in general to talk ISS ELIZABETH HOOKER, in her book, "United Churches," prohibition." A member who takes a drink is suspended for two months on points out that 48% of the federated probation and for admonition. If he churches are in New England and the then persists in violation of the Con- Middle States, and that such organiza- stitution, "he shall never again be tion is past the experimental stage.

eligible."-C. E. World. A successful instance of such coopera- tion is seen in Conway, a small town Training the Foreign-Born in Massachusettes. Comparing five REV. JOHN R. CROSBY, Episco- years of united work on the part of pal Rector in Philadelphia, makes three denominations with the five a plea in The Living Church for more years previous, benevolences increased interest in the foreign-born in Amer- from $1,200 to $3,500, or nearly 300 ica. He says the problem is not so per cent. The Ladies' Aid gained over much to persuade the alien to accept 57 per cent. The minister's salary the Church as to persuade church nearly 58 per cent, and the church members to accept the alien. membership nearly 48 per cent. The Sunday School and young people's so- In South Philadelphia are some ciety each gained over 100 per cent. 300,000 foreign-born, comprising prac- This gain is the more striking betically every branch of Latin, Greek cause in a period of ten years the Orthodox and Eastern churches. Dr. town's population decreased from Crosby's parish, St. Elizabeth, has 1,219 to 936. undertaken an experimental work among them, with the following basic American Indians and Citizenship scheme: REV. RUDOLF HERTZ calls atten- tion to little-known facts about 1. A kindergarten every week day for the Indians. He says: the children below school age of all nationalities, creeds, and colors. "While there is practically no race prejudice against Indians, other fac- 2. A Community Club for children of tors retard the assimilation of the Inschool age after school hours. dians in western South Dakota. We thought that we had made great prog- 3. A group of the Girls' Friendly So- ress when President Coolidge, in 1924, ciety candidates. signed a bill making all Indians born in the United States citizens of this 4. Another candidates' group that country, but we find that new difficulviolates all Girls' Friendly rules by being ties are arising through this law. strictly for our own "denomination." Although a citizen of the United States, and entitled to vote in South 5. Various Mothers' Meetings. These have to be national, as their English is faulty, and the different races do not mix.

6. Two Boys' Clubs. 7. Community Singing Clubs. 8. Adult Mens' Club.

Immediately surrounding the church Dakota, the Indian is not a taxpayer.

is a purely Italian population, while at His lands are exempt, as they are be- a little distance are colonies of all the ing held by the federal government in various nationalities of Eastern Eu- trust for him. Even personal prop- rope and the Near East: Bulgarians, erty purchased with the proceeds of a Greeks, Nestorians, Jacobites, all the land sale is not taxable. A recent Balkan nations, Russians, Ukrainians, decision went so far as to force Dewey Thondraketzi, and Doukhobortsi. County to refund to Indians $50,000 These were sorted into racial groups paid in former years as taxes on per- and given services in their own lan- sonal property. This means that every guage. Confidence of parents has white home in Dewey County will be been won and the children are eager assessed something like fifty dollars to be considered American citizens. to make this refund.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"Politicians, on the other hand, are The entire membership in this Mismaking the most of the Indian vote by sion, extending from the Mushagak giving big feasts and making extrava- River northward to Nelson Island and gant promises in order to win the In- 150 miles eastward, now numbers dians for themselves. 2,323.

"Another cause of dissatisfaction is Canadian Sunday-School Outreach the Indian's right to public school education, although his land does not con- SEVENTY-FIVE thousand Bible tribute to the support of the schools. verses were memorized in the Can- The federal government realized the adian Sunday School mission work last predicament of our school districts, year by 3,800 children from 252 rural which have a hard struggle to make Manitoba communities, many of them both ends meet without this additional 15 to 50 miles from any church or Sunburden, and Congress, in the past, has day-school. These distances are as the appropriated funds to pay tuition for crow flies-actual travelling distances Indian pupils. In the beginning the would be double in some cases. While sum paid actually took care of the only a small percentage of the 75,000 schooling of these children, but it is "otherwise unreached" rural Manibeing cut down, and rumor has it that toba children were enrolled, yet the it will be eliminated altogether. It is work was well distributed over the true that, according to the law, the Province and went a long way toward school district must take care of both putting the Gospel within reach of all. Indian and white children, but they are simply not able to do so financially. The contest in Manitoba is continu- ing again this year with great prom- "All this makes the white electorate ise. In Alberta 3,245 children are alfeel that representation without taxa- ready enrolled from 282 "otherwise tion is almost as great an evil as taxa- unreached" communities. In British tion without representation, and they Columbia and Saskatchewan commitwill make a determined effort to de- tees are in process of formati~n. prive the Indian of his vote in this state."-The American. Missionary. LATIN AMERICA Moravian Mission to Eskimos Sunday-School Work in Mexico T HE Eskimos are scattered over B EFORE President Calles retired "magnificent distances"; and are a from office, he said to a prominent short-lived people. Tuberculosis and Protestant leader: "I have broken the epidemics of influenza carry them off ground, and have made the furrows; in large numbers. Their language is it is for you to sow the seed." so difficult that it is hard for the missionary to make himself understood. With the issuance of such a chal- This twenty-nine lettered word: kuy- lenge, leaders of Mexican Evangelical ogtsiligutkinritlkunigtnga, means, "If Churches have united their efforts· in they do not gather with me." The a National Council of Evangelical heathen has great difficulty in grasp- Churches, and their first united reing Christian ideas; they are so far quest is for aid from America to enremoved from his ordinary thinking. able them to have a general Sunday- school worker for Mexico. Moravian mission work among them began in Greenland in 1733; in Lab- In response to this request, Dr. Robrador work for them was put on a ert M. Hopkins, General Secretary of permanent basis in 1771. In Alaska, the World's Sunday-School Associawhere their population is densest, five tion, Dr. Marion Stevenson of St. Moravian workers established a sta- Louis, and Dr. J. Kirkwood Craig of tion on the Kuskokwim River in 1885. Pittsburgh, met a group of thirty-five This is exclusively a Moravian field. leaders from all the churches in a con- ference held in the Union Seminary, Mexico City, December 3 to 6. Con-

ferences with denominational groups fishermen that we may be better were also held, and as a result, a pro- able to win them for Christ. During gram was developed by the Mexican the nights the fishermen travel over forces which looks toward the placing the mountains by the seaside, with of a strong leader in the field to de- lighted torches in their hands to assist velop the religious education work them in catching the crabs; while which is so earnestly desired at this during the day, we with our torch, time. This program, with the budget which is the Word of God, in our for its support, has been placed before hands, preach the Good News of the the seven outstanding mission boards love of God, with the object of catchinterested in its operation, and it is ingmen." hoped that their favorable action will insure its inauguration at an early SEM SALVANT, Evangetist. date. Mexico has guaranteed for the first year twenty per cent of the finan- Laying Foundations in Peru cial support required. UNTIL quite recently Bibles were The eyes of all Latin America are not allowed in Peru. One young upon Mexico at this time. colporteur was cast into prison and lay for months in a vile dungeon for Catching Men in Haiti trying to give the Scriptures to the people. But the Continent is now open T HE Haitien Gospel Mission has for the circulation of the Scriptures, been established by Pastor J. Al- and for the preaching of the Gospel fred Pearce without assistance from of Christ. They have today a Gospel any foreign missionary society. It is printing press in Lima, and their Gosconducted solely by faith in God. pel magazines are being circulated through that Republic preparing the A worker writes: "Notwithstanding way for the Word of God itself. There the fact that we have no guaranteed are at the present time between salaries, we have never wanted the eighty to a hundred little churches, means necessary for the purchase of congregations of men and women who food. Sometimes at the very moment either have never seen a missionary, when our last penny has been spent, or else have seen one only at long inwe receive fresh supplies; this gives tervals, but who are gathering round us occasion to praise God anew. the Word every Lord's Day, and are creating a spiritual atmosphere in "La Tortue needs to be evangelized. many of these little towns and villages. In all my experience I have never In Brazil little churches have sprung known any people so sunk in super- up, built upon the Word of God.-The stition and iniquity. Almost all of Christian. the inhabitants are serving evil spirits, which are called Les Anges News from. Colombia RebeUes. Last month at a funeral I was surprised to observe that the cere- FUNDS have been received for a new mony was controlled by those possessed building for Bogota Boys' School. with evil spirits. After burying the This has been completed and includes corpse, the people clapped their hands recitation rooms, dining room, kitchen in unison and danced over the newly and dormitory accommodations for 70 filled grave! students. A new residence has been provided for Bogota, the first mission- "By the grace of God we have com- ary home to be supplied in this oldest menced to persuade some to accept Presbyterian mission station in South Jesus Christ as their Saviour. We America. have visited many people living on the two extremities of the island. Some- The year 1928 has been a notable times we accompany fishermen who go one in the boys' school; the enrolment off to catch crabs at night. We eat was the largest in the history of the and sleep in the open air with the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

school. Over 200 boys were turned missionary work has proved most difaway for lack of room. A successful ficult. Not only has the color of his experiment was the training of four face and his social standing stood beboys as teachers. Each one gave two tween the white man and the Indian, hours of service daily and in addition but the language has proved an addicarried his own full course of study. tional barrier. The Aymaran tongue They proved their ability as students prevails among the common people of by always being on the honor roll, one Bolivia. Most missionaries find that of them, a scholarship boy and the son it is all they can do to master Spanish of the evangelist at San Lorenzo, ob- without attempting another language tained 100 per cent in every subject in which there are few grammatical during November. All of them did helps. Because of the Indian's deep splendid work as teachers, and no com- distrust of the white man, the most plaint was ever lodged against any of effective work among them is done by them. men of mixed Spanish and Indian an- cestry. Missionary work among these The church work, though accom- Bolivian Indians is thoroughly worth plished under difficulties, has gone for- while.-World Neighbors. ward steadily. The church is united and enthusiastic, and hopes next year EUROPE to have an ordained national pastor, leaving the missionary fn:e for itin- Methodist Union in Britain erant work and the management of the paper "Evangelista Colombiana," UNDER the terms of a parliamenwhich is welcomed in the homes of tary bill recently passed, the Wesrich and poor, ignorant and learned. leyan, Primitive and United Method- Its silent message goes to many a town ists may unite in 1931, to form the unvisited by the missionary. Methodist Church, provided that 75 per cent of the three bodies favor the Winning the Bolivia.n Indian prcposal. If the union is consum- mated, there will come into being, in BECAUSE of its great altitude Bo- place of the five kinds of Methodists livia is the strangest land of that Britain knew up to 25 years ago, South America. Its elevation of one single denomination, operating twelve or thirteen thousand feet above 15,367 churches and mission halls, with sea level cuts the country off from the 4,541 ordained ministers, 37,090 local nst of the world. Many people of preachers, 1,649,065 Sunday-school European ancestry cannot live at all teachers and scholars, and 4,300,000 in the thin air of this high plateau; members, worshipers and adherents. all white people suffer a loss of energy. The new church is to be governed by a conference containing 450 ministers Centuries of life in the high Andes and 450 laymen. The usual reasons have given the Indians barrel-like are given in support of this union: chests, well suited to the thin air of desire to prevent overlapping in small their environment. When they ven- communities; to bring the power of a ture into the lowlands, however, their large denomination to bear on the enormous lungs prove fertile breeding problems of city churches; to secure places for the germs of tuberculosis. added efficiency in church boards and Few white men can thrive in Bolivia, institutions. Sir Robert Perks, an while the Indians dare not come down outstanding Wesleyan layman, speaks from their lofty mountain home. Most of the union in the London Times as of Bolivia's two million people are "the most important event in the hispure-blooded Indians. Four hundred tory of British Methodism since John years of exploitation by landowners, Wesley died in 1791."-Christian Cengovernment and the Catholic Church tury. have given them the "complex" of a subject race. Under such conditions 5

Musque in London uated for a hospital in the Basses Alps, about fifty miles from Nice. lONDON reports the collection of American Christians who visit in this region of France will be interested to L $350,000 toward the building of a see the Evangelical work in Digne under the direction of M. and Mme. Moslem mosque in the British capital. Contesse. The growth of Mohammedanism in England among the young is giving Ten Years in BelgiuDl many grave concern. This missionary work is done largely through the THE Belgian Gospel Mission cele- Ahmadiya mevement, which offers a brated its lOth anniversary at the sort of synthetic: religion. clese of last year. Four new posts were opened during the year and It is curious how lack of historical eleven new workers were added to the perspective gives to such cults the staff. Since the founding of the Misglamor of new inter-religious power. sion 43 pests have been opened where As a matter of fact, the Ahmadiya 160 regular meetings are held each movement started with one Mirza week. The distribution of Bibles, Ghulam Ahmad in 1889. A group ac- Scripture portions, cards, texts and cepted his claims to be the Mahdi, or books totaled 892,411. The official or- Messiah of Islamic expectation and the gan, "Our Hope," has a circulation of sect was given a universal character 7,800. by identifying this new Mahdi with the Hindu Avatar and the Christ, At one of the meetings of the anwhose sec~nd coming Christians niversary celebration, at which some awaited. His personality, he informed three hundred people were present, it his followers, was "spiritually a com- was asked how many people had been bination of the persons of these two brought to Christ through the Mission eminent prophets." He denied the and 225 arcse.-Annual Report. death and resurrection of Jesus who, he said, had had his wounds healed by Religiotis FreedoDl in Italy a magical ointment, fled to Galilee, and thence to Kashmir, where his tomb I TALIAN Protestants have awaited really was to be found! The propa- with some anxiety the pUblication ganda of the Ahmadiya missionaries of the terms of agreement between the in England is a sad commentary on Pope and the Italian. Government. A British intelligence. – Living Church. definite statement of the new laws has been made by Rev. E. J. Bradford, E, angelical Hospital in France Chairman of the Wesleyan Methodist church, residing in Rome. THE French South East Mission at Digne, has recently opened a sixty- Article I-Religious cults different bed hospital that has already exerted from the Catholic Apostolic and Roman a great influence for the Gospel. The are admitted in the kingdom, as long as doctor and nurses are all Christian they do not profess principles or follow soul winners and hold daily prayers rites which are contrary to public order with the patients. The hospital has or morality. proved a great blessing to evangelical Christians who formerly were obliged Article 2-The institutions of such to go to institutions under the care cults may be recognized as moral enof Roman Catholic priests and nuns. tities, by means of Royal Decrees, on the proposal of the Ministry of Justice in Prayer is asked for this work and concert with the Ministry of the Interior, the workers and for funds for the sup- after the Council of State and the Cabi- net Council has been consulted and port of nurses.* Digne is ideally sit- heard. Such moral entities are subject to the civil laws concerning government "'Gifts may be sent to the D. :U. Stearns authorization for the acquirement and FUlld. 147 W. School Lane. Germantown, Phila., alienation of the property of moral en- Pn. An American committee has been formed tities. Special rules for the exercise of including Rev. Donald G. Barnhouse. of Phila- vigilance and control by the State may delphia, and Dr. Howard A. Kelly, of BaltImore.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

further be established in the Decree for from the Church of Rome.-Record the creation of each moral entity. of Christian Work.

Article 3-The nomination of the BaptisDlS in Russia. ministers of cults different from the state religion must be notified to the A NT I-RELIGIOUS sentiment was Minister of Justice or of Religious Af- .t. strongly manifested in Moscow fairs for approval. No civil effect can be when, on June 30th, the Russian Bap- recognized of the ministerial acts of his tists conducted a religious service and ministry in the case of a minister of baptismal ceremony which lasted from religion if his nomination has not ob- 6 o'clock until 10 o'clock in the morn- tained the approval of government. ing.

Article 4-Difference of cult does not The newspaper report, quoted in the create an obstacle to the enjoyment of New York Times from Working Mos- civil and political rights, or render any- cow says: "Right here in Moscow- one ineligible for civil and military in the Summer of 1929, on June 30th service. -with the All Union Atheist Conven- tion just ended-with the Soviet Con- Article 5-Discussion of religious gress but a month ago having passed matters is entirely free. a constitutional amendment limiting religious propaganda-what do we Article 6–Parents or guardians may see? An incredible proceeding-a demand dispensation on behalf of their mass baptism by a religious cult in children from attendance at religious the Moscow River-in the heart of the instruction in the public schools. proletarian section of the city-under the walls of the 'Triangle' brewery." Article 7-Matrimony celebrated before any of the ministers of religion in- The writer runs on for four and a dicated in Article 3 produces the same half columns, with photographs showeffect as matrimony celebrated before ing a magnificent Baptist elder with a the officers of the Civil State, when the long white beard conducting a service, dispositions of the following Articles immersing the white-clad neophytes. shall have been observed. The Russian reporter calls the pro- Articles 8-12 contain the rules for ceedings "incredible," "inexplicable," the celebration of matrimony by non- "intolerable," and complains that the Roman Catholic ministers of religion Moscow Police Department gave a perwhich places them in the same position mit to the Baptists. in reference to the celebration of matrimony as Roman Catholic priests and in On the other hand the American a similar position to Authorized Per- Zionists are sharply attacking the sons in England. Soviet Government for their intoler- ance and ill treatment of Russian Jews -Christian Advocate. and for their suppression of Jewish religious and cultural organizations. The Waldenses Today The Zionists declare that the Russians are determined to destroy every ves- T HOSE sturdy Protestant surviv- tage of Judaism in the country. ors of persecution in Italy, the Waldenses, report a membership of The Jews in Czecho-Slovakia 19,172, with an influence far beyond I N CZECHO-SLOVAKIA there are their numbers. There are free ele- approximately 400,000 Jews who mentary schools, supported entirely vary much in type and outlook. In by the Church, and as many children and around the city of Prague they as can be packed into the buildings are extremely liberal, while in the outare under the influence of the Gospel. lying districts they are of a some- what more orthodox nature. In the It is interesting that a new organ- whole Republic there is today only one ization for boys, under the Fascisti Government and similar to the Boy Scouts, required each group to have religious instruction under the parish priest. The Waldenses asked exemption, and the government's decision is far-reaching. All boys of Evangelical churches are to receive religious teaching from their own ministers instead of the Roman priests. The nation seems in the way of freeing itself

missionary at work-Rev. C. A. Smith, of a century Africa may not be Chris- M.A., of Tillicoultry, who is giving tian, but it will be Christianized. service at Prague and round about. There will be no dark parts where the light of the Gospel has not shed its Mr. Smith finds those Jews with ray; there will be no tribe without its whom he has come in contact very ap- preachers, and no tongue into which proachable and always willing to enter some portion of the Scripture has not into friendly relations with him. In been translated.-Missionary Witness. Prague itself there are four universities with more than 20,000 students, Triumphs in West Africa and among these students there are many Jews, speaking all the languages REV. F. DEAVILLE WALKER, of Eastern Europe, for, in order to writing in The Moslem World, reobtain the benefit of university study, ports optimistically concerning the they have had to flee from their native progress of Christianity in West Aflands under the pressure of anti- rica. He believes that the Mohammesemitism. dan advance in that region, viewed with such concern by Christian world On behalf of these masses of stu- leaders twenty years ago, has been dents, a great Students' Union has definitely arrested. been organized by the American Y. M. C. A., and Mr. Smith has full free- A missionary of 18 years' experidom to go· in and out among them. ence is reported as saying that there He has many opportunities of bring- is practically no Mohammedan propaing the message of the Gospel to the ganda going on in Ashanti and that, so Jewish people. Every Sunday Jews far from every Moslem trader being a are present at the English service, missionary for his faith, they are some, perhaps, coming out of mere making no serious efforts to win curiosity, but others are sincere wor- Ashantis from their fetichism. Over shippers. A Bible class for young very wide areas there is not a single men and young women has also been Mohammedan missionary. Not an Afset going, and both Jews and Jew- rican minister, Government official or esses are members of the class which trader with whom he conversed, could is studying the life of Jesus Christ tell him of any important present day along Study Circle lines.-The Record. movement towards Islam.

AFRICA During the last 15 years the Wes- leyan Methodist missionaries and Af- A Challenge rican ministers have baptized over one hundred thousand adult converts from FIFTY years ago one could have fetichism in West Africa. In addi- drawn a red line fifty miles inland tion to these there are from 60,000 to and parallel to the coast all around 100,000 people who were baptized by the Continent of Africa, and, except- the Negro "prophet", William Harris, ing the South African colonies, there and his helpers. Islam in that field were hardly fifty stations inside that can show nothing comparable to these red line. Today there are fifteen hun- victories. dred stations occupied by white missionaries, while thousands of posts are Sudan Interior Mission held by the host of faithful black preachers of the Gospel. I N a letter dated May 1st, Mr. John Hall, of the Sudan Interior Mis- The advance in Africa in the last sion, writing from Kaltungo, via 25 years has been unprecedented in the Gombe, Nigeria, says: "For three and annals of Missions. The Sudan Inte- a half months our Sunday congregarior Mission has made an annual gain tions have steadily increased in size. of 20% for the paljlt four years. If By the beginning of March they were all the Missions can keep up the same taxing the capacity of the church inratio of increase for another quarter

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

terior; and by the last Sunday of that ated portions of Scripture, covering month they overflowed into the porches the main parts of the Old and New and verandas. Fortunately, the large Testaments and giving a clear outline grass roof extended on all four sides of the Bible facts as well as the main many feet beyond the walls, and, as it teachings. In 1918 appeared the litwas supported everywhere by palm erally translated Gospels and Acts, a tree posts, was· entirely independent classic in Scripture translations. In of the walls. By breaking down the addition to the "Book of Books" a sun-baked mud walls on two sides, and monthly paper in the vernacular is rebuilding them out at the roof-edge, published, along with other literature. we could make room for two hundred Still another matter of interest is the more persons-a task calling for a completion of the new railway from tremendous amount of labor. We set Ilebo to Bukama, in connection with the matter out before the congrega- which the King and Queen of Belgium tion. The discussion was short and paid a visit to the Congo in order to sweet; the execution was prompt, formally inaugurate the railway servspontaneous and free. Next morning ice.-Congo Mission News. at sunrise they began to come from far and near, and within an hour or African Boy Scout" two one hundred and fifty persons were at work. By sunset on Saturday ONE of the most interesting outthe whole place was rebuilt, recleaned growths of the Jeannes Training and redecorated. Since then, the at- School of Nairobi, British East Aftendances at the Sunday services have rica, is the development of the Boy still been in eXCESS of the additional Scouts. The principal, J. W. C. Dougseating accommodation."-The Chris- all, writes that it would be premature tian. to form troops as a part of the World Wide Scout Organization, but the AdTance in the Congo idea is rather to find what indigenous practices can be adapted. For examc AN ENCOURAGING feature of the pie, the people of Kavarondo have a custom of glvmg a praise title .tl work of the Congo Presbyterian "vVagosi," to these conspicuous for courageous service. Mr. Dougall now Mission is the growing recognition of has a group of sixteen boys called stewardship on the part of native "Wagosi," and membership comes on- Christians. The actual cash gifts ly to those who have earned the title. through native church collections and ThEse "Wagcsis" look the part when excluding all missionary or other for- on parade with their black shirts, eign donations exceed one hundred bracelets and anklets made from the thousand francs (approximately $3,- skin of a small black monkey; on their 000), being a gain of fifty per cent heads a band of the same skin with a over the gifts of the previous year. white plume.-Tuskegee Mess6nger. Several of our stations report nearly one half of their out-stations as being Mary Slessor Memorial Fund supported by the native church. rrHE Mary Slessor Memorial Fund The completion at Luebo of the was created in 1915 by the Foreign Morrison Memorial Church, seating 2,000 and having a number of features Mission Committee of the United which make it an outstanding build- Free Church of Scotland to provide ing, symbolizes the growing solidarity the salary of a memorial missionary of the work. Another forward step is and the expenses of the Slessor Memthe appearance of the whole Bible in orial Home for Women and Girls. The the Baluba-Lulua language. Sixteen funds received have been more than years ago we were rejoicing over the ample for these two purposes, and the publication of the "Malesona," a series committee now propose to widen the of literal translations and transliter-

original purposes and to make it ap- stantinople, Haifa, Alexandria, Cairo, plicable to all work in Calabar in Jerusalem, Damascus, Beirut, Baalbek, which Mary Slessor took a personal Aleppo, Alexandretta, Geneva, Paris interest. The following minute was and London. In all of these places impassed by the committee in Novem- portant conferences were held, public ber: meetings were attended and ad- dressed, prelates and other distin- 1. The committee record with much guished representatives of eastern satisfaction that the sum of £5,000 churches were visited and missionary authorized has now been secured. groups were consulted. The mission- aries welcomed the approach through 2. The erection of the Memorial religious education to the eastern Home at Arochuku is now approach- churches that the deputation proposed. ing completion, and there is money on Colleges and seminaries were also athand more than sufficient to meet the tentive and special openings for cost. teachers of religious education have been offered in such institutions as 3. In view of the interest which the American University of Beirut, continues to be manifested by many the American University of Cairo, the friends in the providing and maintain- University of Athens, the Greek ing of a worthy memorial, the commit- Orthodox Seminary in Alexandria and tee has decided to extend the fund to a group of educational institutions in include other parts of the women's Jerusalem.-World's S. S. Association work in Calabar, which was dear to N 6WS Bulletin. Miss Slessor's heart. Thc Case for Advance WESTERN ASIA T HE American Board is the sole New Approach to Ancient Churches missionary agency for the interior of Asia Minor. Nearly one half of F IVE leaders of religious education this area is without any missionary in North America composed a re- contacts. This half is nearly as large cent deputation from the World's Sun- as Italy and contains approximately day School Association to the Near three million Turks and Kurds. It in- East. Dr. Robt. M. Hopkins, General cludes the former stations of Tre- Secretary of the World's Sunday bizond, Erzroum, Van, Bitlis, Harpoot, School Association and Chairman of Diarbekir and Sivas, all vacant at the the International Council of Religious present time. Education; Dr. Wm. H. Main, Executive Secretary of the American Bap- According to the Turkish census, tist Publication Society; Rev. W. M. 84% of the population of the country Howlett, Religious Edutation Secre- live in rural areas, including towns of tary of the Greater New York City less than 10,000 inhabitants. All of Federation of Churches; Dr. W. Ed- cur missionaries with their instituward Raffety, Professor of Religious tions live and work in towns of more Education in the University of Red- than 10,000 inhabitants, or among the lands; and Mr. John R. Voris, Asso- 16% of the population. At the Jeruciate General Secretary of Near East salem Council definite plans were made Relief. for more adequately meeting these rural needs. The immediate objective of the pilgrimage was to help determine the re- A Moslem population of over two lationship of the World's Sunday million on the periphery of Turkey, School Association with ancient east- in lands for the most part under ern churches in the work of religious Christian government, is unusually education. A very decided opportu- open to Christian approach. One nity for fellowship in this work is German society has made a small beopen to the churchEs of the west.

The fifteen thousand mile itinerary took the deputation to Athens, Con-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ginning in this approach in Bulgaria. ten lepers who were healed by our In view of the difficulties in the way Lerd, of whom only one returned to of direct missionary activity in give thanks to Him. Turkey, the opportunity presented among the Turks of North Syria, First the story was told. Then Cyprus and Bulgaria and among the pieces of brown paper and chalk were Pomaks of Bulgaria and the Albanians handed round that the scene might be seems unusually ripe. The American drawn. After that, a big picture il- Board has gone into partnership with lustrating the 3tcry was held up for the Armenian Missionary Association the children to see; lastly the s:ene to telp the Armenians who have been was acted ty the little boys present. driven from Turkey, but who were formerly part of the constituency of "Ana Miskccn, Ana Miskcen"! the American Board and who are now whined the liWe lepers as they apscattered throughout the world. proached to te healed. The only one who returned to give thanks to Him Missions and Persian Government who had healed them stooped low in gratitude. THE great problem in Persia is the relation of mission schools to the Those children will not only re-_nemgovernrrent. There is no restriction ber that story, but they have caught a put upon Bible teaching for non- glimpse of its meaning.-Westcrn Mcs~ems and none for Moslems outside Asia News. of school hours. The schools continue to make tteir contributions to the INDIA evangelistic work of the missions. The medical department gave more than Review of Present Conditions 79,000 treatments to out-patients and 2,277 in-patients were cared for. An A N ARTICLE in the International outstanding feature of the outfield f t Review of Mission3 enumerates work has teen the medical itinerating. events of considerable importance in India in 1928. The second All-India The demands of the government are Women's Conference was held at to Persianize education as to lan- Delhi in February, 1928, presided guage, unify it as to religion, stand- over by the Begum Mother of Bhopa. ardize it as to educational method and REsolutions were passed in favor of contEnt. These demands obliged the the age of marriage being raised to schoels to revaluate methods. The re- 16 years for girls and 21 for boys; of ligious objective is to exalt Jesus compulsory primary education of Christ and to lead boys to a personal girls; of the establishment of an allsurrender to Him; the educational India fund for the promotion of objective is to prepare young men for women's education; of compulsory upright and useful service as citizens medical inspe:otion and medical trainof Persia. The present intense na- ing for girls as well as for beys, and tional feeling in Persia dictates a of increasing the numter of training policy cf great tact and careful ap- collEges. proach. Quiet and loving personal work in the presentation of the Gcspel A bill was brought forward in the is counted on for lasting results. Assembly raising the age of consent to 14 and 16 years for married and H(;w Arab Urchins Are Taught unmarried gir's r€spectively. A gov- ernment committee of enquiry has O""E hot Sunday morning in Jaffa teen appointed to investigate the law tetwten 40 and 50 little street relating to the age of consent. The Arats were assembled, collected from age of marriage h2s been fixe] by the the narrow streets of the old city. Baroda Legislative Ccuncil at I'! ye:lrs for girls and 18 fer toys. Si"T'ilar The stery was being taught of the laws have been s:lndioned by Kesh- mir, Mysore and sorre other Indian states. Rajkot h2_s raised the age of

marriage to 15 years for girls and 19 laws has often resulted in great hardfor boys. A bill was introduced into ship, and certain Hindu reformers bethe Assembly making Hindu child lieve that divorce is not inconsistent marriage invalid, and was altered in with the teachings of the Hindu sacred select committee so as to be applicable writings. Pandit K. P. Kaul, at a reto all communities, the minimum age cent social conference, moved that of marriage being fixed at 14 years steps be taken at an early date to enfor girls and 18 for boys. The bill act legislation to sanction the dissoluhas been hotly opposed by the Ortho- tion of Hindu marriages in cases of dox body of Hindus. desertion and cruelty by the husband, and in support of his resolution, cited The Madras Legislative -Council has quotations from Manu contemplating adopted a resolution recommending five causes under which a wife can retotal prohibition in the Madras Presi- marry in the lifetime of the husband. dency within 20 years. The govern- Although the resolution aroused conments of the provinces concerned have siderable opposition, it was carried by appointed committees of enquiry into a narrow majority, after an amendthe excessive use of opium in the areas ment was added including misconduct, whEre the worst abuses occur-e. g., bigamy, desertion and cruelty by Calcutta, Orissa and parts of Bombay. either party to the marriage, as rea- The slave-releasing commission is in- sons for a dissolution. Baroda State quiring into the condition of slaves seems to be leading the way in this liberated during 1928. new development and is in process of enacting a divorce law.-Dnyanodaya. The High Caste Hindu Round Table at Lucknow WHEREAS in the past it was the low caste and the "outcasts" of A "ROUND TABLE" group of India that were being reached by the representatives of churches in Gospel, news is cO'lling from all parts Northern India recently discussed at of India of its a'.:ceptance in increas- Lucknow the possibility of these ing numbers by the high caste Hindu. churches coming together in life, work and worship. Churches represented, The International R6view of Mis- in addition to the United Chureh of sions states: "Christian evangelistic North India, were the Methodist work has ccntinued steadily in all Episccpal, the WeslEyan Methodist parts of India throughout the year. (Northern Synod), Australian Wes- The mass movements are an important lEyans, Baptist Associations, Amerifact, especially in the Telugu country can Disciples of Christ, Australian and to the north. In Hyderabad and ChurchES of Christ and the Church of other parts of the Telugu country the Brethren. The Anglican Church there is a noticeable movement of awaits the result of negotiations in caste Hindus toward the church in the South India before entering the disareas in which tte mass movement cussion elsewhere. A general eageramcng the outcastes has proved most pess for union was observed. SOIre of effective. Two years ago there were the qu€stions considered were: How not a dozen high caste Hindu converts far is the Congregational system of in all Hyderabad villages. Today government desirable, and how far the there are at least 800. Similar facts Presbyterian? How far may the are recorded in othEr parts of the questicn of baptism be left open? country." Hew far is a united church possible without breaking ties of international Hindu Customs Changing fellowshi p? What form of creed is dEsirable as a basis of union? and H INDUISM is not static, as illus- What is the next step ?-Dnyanodaya. trated by the present agitation to allow divorce on certain grounds. The rigidity of the Hindu marriage

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

English-Trained Preacher.. for Ceylon treasure this best and highest of all gifts from the West, and plead that this THE Church Missionary Society has should he made a permanent gift to the recently decided upon a new method Christian Movement in China. Chrisof training men for the ministry in tian missions may terminate before Ceylon. Since there is no C. M. S. long. It is our sincerest hope that the Divinity School on the Island, men presence of Christian workers from have hitherto gone to South India for other lands will never be discontinued in the Christian Movement in China."

their theological training. The new -Woman's Missionary Friend.

plan is to invite one candidate at a time to come to England for study Resuming the Offensive T under a teacher who is familial' with HE Chinese Church, having passed through fins of persecution, is Ceylon and its needs. After ordination, each man is to have one or two undertaking the responsibility of an years of pastoral experience in Eng- indigenous organization. The enemy land, and thus the home church will be offensive is arrested, and the China brought into closer fellowship with Inland Mission is carrying through a the Church in Ceylon. counter-offensive in the territory al- loted to it. The Council of the Mis- CHINA sion has not only authorized the recall Anti-Foreign Spirit of a propcrtion of its missionaries, DR. DAVID YUI, perhaps the out- but is also sending out new workers. standing Christian Chinese in The actual number of recruits who China today, has given to the Secre- took their place in the ranks during tary of the Y. M. C. A. in China the the year was 69, including 24 associ- following statement regarding the ates. Of the 45 members added to our anti-foreign feeling in his country: lists, 19 were from North America, "Taking the Chinese people as a 18 from Great Britain, and 8 from whole, I do not believe that they are at Australasia. In addition 2 members all anti-foreign. They are perhaps a bit and 2 associates were transferred curious about foreigners at times, due from the retired to the active list. more to their ignorance than to any Thus the total number of missionaries animosity. As a matter of fact, they are on the active list on December 31, even kindly disposed toward foreigners, 1928, was 1,167, as compared with particularly those whose national lead- 1,185 at the end of 1927. ers have rendered some special service to China. In the minds of the Chinese In Kweichcw, one of the most negpeople the terms 'Americans' and lected provinces, with 57 out of 81 'friendship' are practically synonymous, counties unoccupied, a definite adand the names of John Hay, Roosevelt vance is planned. Provincial governand others are always honored. There ments are hastening to build better are a few Chinese individuals who, for roads, and thus unintentionally are one reason or another, are anti-foreign. speeding the advance of the mission- I do not think that this is any special ary. The helpl€ssness of idols to save Chinese characteristic. for we do not themselves has made a deep impresfail to find similar individuals in differ- sion, and there has been widespread ent countries. We should, however, take care that we do not take them to represent their entire people or race."

In another interview Mr. Yui says: d€struction of them, often by govern- "The missionary life is the best and ment order.-China's Millions. highest gift from the Christian Movements of the West to the Christian in Uphea… al a Blessing China. The true missionary life, the true Christian life, is not only beautiful, A STRIKING proof of how the uplifting, inspiring and helpful to man Spirit of God is guiding the Chibut also most acceptable and pleasing nese Christians is the recent coming to God. It is this type of life which together into one organization of more than anything else helps make a 120,000 of them, nearly one third the reality the Fatherhood of God and the evangelical membership of all China. Saviourhood of Jesus Christ. Wf do

This organization is the fruitage of Ogino, being appalled by the gynecosixteen mission boards. Of its mem~ logical treatment of women in the bel's two thirds are Presbyterians and hospitals of her country, sought adthe others mainly Congregationalists mission to the Imperial Government and English Baptists. The proper Medical School. It was not until 1884 name of this organization is "The that this permission was grantej, but Church of Christ in China," though she had in the meantime studied mediit is usually called in this country, cine so diligently that she was able to "The United Church of Christ in pass tte necessary examinations after China." one year's work; and in 1885 she be- came the first woman doctor in Japan. Dr. Y. C. Yong, President of Soochow University, declares: "The more Anether coeducational medical in- I analyze the situation, the more I am stitution in Tokyo was established in convinced that the Christian Church 1875 by Tai Hasegawa, the first Japa" in China, instead of having been set nese to study medicine in Europe back by recent events, has really been after the revolution of 1868. At this put in a stronger position than ever." coIlege Mrs. Yayoi Yoshioka was -Christian Observer. graduated in 1892. She says: A Revival in China "In these days, rigid, feudalistic codes held sway, so that the male stu- REV. W. B. COLE, of the Methodist dents oppossed the female students. Episcopal Mission in Sienya, Accordingly, in 1900 the school did not Fukien, reports a very encouraging permit women to matriculate and the religious awakening in their district. girl students asked me to establish a Special meetings were held for twelve women's medical school. I founded days, at about Easter time, and crowds my school in a room in my dispensary, came from all the country round to which were admitted only four girl about. At every service there were students. This is the origin of the many conversions and a large number Tokyo Women's Medical College. Few of earnest inquirers. "At times half people felt the necessity of professions the audience would try to come for- for women in those days, so the manward to the altar," writes Mr. Cole. agement of the school was difficult. The Chinese evangelists assisted in Nevertheless, in 1909 we had our first the services-a preacher, a singer and successful examime of the medical lia Bible woman. The Christians were cense examination." also greatly aroused and sought the baptism of the Holy Spirit for cleans- In Dr. Yoshioka's medical college ing and power. "The revival has just the course consists of one year's prebegun," continues Mr. Cole. "It must paratory and four years' medical spread to all the country places." study. In 1928 there were enrolled 807 students, and the school has grad- JAPAN·CHOSEN uated 1,247 medical women. There are now about 1,500 women doctors in Women's Progress Japan. They not only practice medi- cine, but some are internes of hos- JAP AN'S rapid advance in culture is pitals, and work in government serv- shown by the education of her ice. Some also work in factoriES and women. In 1888 the first Japanese in relief work; while others are phywoman to study medicine was gradu- sicians of the primary schools and ated from the Woman's Medical Col- girls' high schools throughout the Emlege of Philadelphia. In "The Story pire. of the Medical Education of Women in Japan," ty the president of the Dr. Yoshioka has built three hos- Women's Medical College in Tokyo, pitals, and the alumnre have also built Dr. Yayoi Yoshioka, says that in 1868 one, all fer teaching purpcses, as well another Japanese woman named Ginko as for the benefit of rich and poor

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

patients. These hospitals have several by mortgages; the Koreans are notohundreds of beds and a dormitory for riously ready to go into debt, heedless housing five hundred students, a lab- of consequences. When the day of oratory, and a new library. At the settlement arrives, the usual result is Shiseikai hospital alone, which the ejectment. As this process goes on alumnre built after the earthquake of apace, the Korean is being crowded to 1923, 40,000 patients have been the wall. Meanwhile, public improvetreated since 1926. ments of all sorts appear on every hand. Cowpaths become motor high- An All Night Meeting ways. Electricity and water systems extend, even through country regions. MISS J. M. JOHNTONE, of the The cities are rapidly developing, with Presbyterian girls' school at higher class buildings and all the fa- Shimonoseki, writes of an all night cilities of the Western world. meeting for spiritual inquiry that followed a Christmas celebration. She The effect upon the Church is says: "The celebration began with marked, and the day of testing is alexercises for the children which lasted ready far advanced. The question of from six until half past eight. The keeping the Sabbath holy unto the celebration for adults included Lord press€s in the most exacting way. speeches and a two-hour sermon which Will a man consent to work on Sunday ended at half past twelve. Twenty- or lose his job? When "the five-day six remained, including five girl stu- market" falls on Sunday, shall the dents from Tokyo who came to talk farm produce be taken to market on about spiritual things. These twenty- Sunday or not sold? (Over eighty six started asking Mr. Homma ques- per cent of the people live by farmtions and the conference· continued ing.) The question of debt was likeuntil nine in the morning when all wise cropping up constantly. How said that the light of faith had could one help borrowing, when his dawned in their lives. That was a labor did not yield enough to support fifteen-hour Christmas celebration! his family? And how could he give Mr. Hirotsu said the earnestness of when he could not make enough to these girls and the way Mr. Homma, live? the evangelist, answered their difficulties was a revelation. Last year Even so, hundreds of Stewardship Mr. Homma received and answered Covenants were signed. At the last of seven thousand letters on spiritual the eight conferences, out of a group matters." of not over two hundred, one hundred and fifty-()ne pressed to the front to Stewardship in Korea sign the cards, crowding the space in front of the pulpit, as the prayer of I N HIS stewardship campaign dedication was offered. No pressure around the world, Mr. David Mc- whatever was brought to bear, but in- Conaughy spent a full month in Ko- variably, caution was given against rea, holding seventy speaking engage- impulsive decision, and generally opments with an attendance larger than portunity was afforded prayerfully to elsewhere. He reports in the Korean consider the step over night before mind a complex of self-pity and eco- entering into the covenant. nomic hopelessness, due in part to political conditions. AUSTRALASIA AND OCEANEA Especially in the southern part of A Young Fijian Society the country the land is rapidly passing out of the hands of the Koreans into A E. ALLAN, who spent three those of their conquerors, the Japa- • months touring the islands, nese. The latter make it easy to bor- states that a new Fiji is springing up row, but always with ample protection and that Young Fijian's Society is causing the younger generation to

think new thoughts. It makes a finan- ing six Sunday schools, and arrangcial levy on its members, where once ing for an occasional C. E. rally. In the Church alone appealed. The na- the Garo part of the field the progress tives now dress better, eat more costly is much more marked; the churches food, and even ride in motors. This there support four full time workers, means less money for our missionary and report two hundred and fifty-seven funds. Education is making its ap- baptisms. peal, too. The Indians and Chinese are ousting the Fijian in trade and For three years the Union has had commerce, leaving for the owners of before it the idea of supporting a the land the routine work in the worker of its own, possibly in a towns, on the wharves, and on the high selected area. For this purpose conseas. The Davuilevu Institution is tributions have been received and doing a great work in preparing the placed in what is known as the "Reboys to face life well equipped. Its serve Fund," which stands at present technical and secondary schools are at Rs. 1,000. supplying a much felt need. Most of the speakers of the Con- The great wave of evangelism does ference were Bengalis, who presented not sweep over the land as it did. It addresses and papers of a high order. is very true our work is not yet com- -Baptist Missionary Review. pleted. Nothing will take the place of evangelistic effort, but complementary MISCELLANEOUS to that there must be the education of the native. He looks out on a new More Missionaries in 1928 world in wonderment. The missionary cannot be dispensed with. The THE number of new missionaries native needs supervision and guidance, sailing in "1928 exceeded those of and is not ready for self-government, 1927 by more than 100, according to either in State or Church affairs. the Student Volunteer Bulletin. This is the first year since 1920 to show an We visited one station that has been increase over the previous year. The without a missionary for some time- Bulletin continues: empty mission house, unsupervised school. This means that the mission- "Outgoing missionaries last year ary in the next circuit has 150 miles numbered 667. Yet it must be rememof coastline to look after. The next bered that even these 667 new miscircuit with quite as much coastline sionaries who did sail in 1928 are not rarely seES its head through sickness. enough to maintain missionary per- We visited one village that had not sonnel abroad at the present totals. seen a white missionary for 15 years! Conservate estimates state that at -The Layman. least 1,500 new mISSIOnaries are needed annually to make good the in- Australian Baptist Mission evitable lesses, due to retirement, ill- health, and other causes, of the total A NINTH annual united conference Protestant mission forces of about 30,- comprising the Baptist churches 000 missionaries. In the past, North of the Australia and New Zealand America has furnished over four mission fields sends encouraging re- seventh of that total. This means that ports of advance, both in native con- at least 850 new missionaries will be tributions and increasing responsibil- needed each year from North America ity. As yet, no Bengali church sup- if our boards are to maintain their ports its pastor, but several have present missionary forces. However, established a "Pastor's Fund" with the average for the past three years this end in view. One church is staff- has been 28 per cent below the re- quired replacerr:ent number."

WORTH

Any book8 mentioned in the8e column8 will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Pioneer Days in Hawaii. By Oliver P. only be a pastor and spiritual guide Emerson. 12 mo. 259 pp. $2. to the people," Mrs. Emerson wrote Garden City, New York. 1928. after several months' work, "but also The transformation of the Hawai- a school teacher, doctor, farmer and ian Islands from savagery to civiliza- mechanic, and this not for a few hun- tion is one of the great outstanding dred, but for thousands." It was a miracles of missions. It was accom- busy, strenuous life in which husband plished largely by American mission- and wife seem to have shared equally.

aries, most of them from New Eng- Trials there were in abundance but land. Beginning in October, 1819, they are treated of in such matter-of- company after company of strong, fact, uncomplaining fashion that often sturdy young men and women, eminent one must read between the lines to alike for piety and resourcefulness, realize how many and how great they left home and country and braved the were. The station was, in reality, a long, perilous voyage around Cape social settlement of the very best sort, Horn to preach the Gospel and win with God in the midst and help for souls for Christ in these far distant men of every kind, derelict whites as islands. In the fifth company, com- well as the savage natives. The Em- prising nineteen missionaries, which erson home was supplied with many sailed from New Bedford on the servants (let the critics take notice) whale ship, Averick, on November 26, not because they wanted them, for they 1831, were John S. Emerson and his were often more trouble than they bride ("a daughter of the manse"), were worth, but because it seemed the Ursula Sophia Newell Emerson, whose only way to teach them spiritual reali- life story is charmingly told in this ties and train them in habits of clean- volume by their son, Oliver P. Emer- liness and industry. So the young son. wife cheerfully took them into her Landing at Honolulu on May 17, home and endured their stupidity and 1832, after a voyage of nearly five inefficiency. She was in reality giv- months, the young couple were as- ing them practical courses in home signed to the district of Waialua on economics and Christian living. It the island of Oahu, where as yet no cost her much, but paid well. The hus- missionaries had been working. Here band likewise employed the native men in the virgin forest they planted a in carrying out his various projects, station and wrought a great work for often because of the invaluable oppor- God and their fellow men during more tunities it offered for training them than half a century. They were true and winning their respect.

pioneers, willing and able to turn One wonders how they managed it their hands to any kind of work that all for God blessed them with a large would help to advance their purpose. family. Into this happy home there Though preaching the Gospel was came, one after the other, seven stal- their dominant aim, they were not un- wart sons and last of all one precious mindful of the other needs of their daughter. The coming of each was people. "A missionary here must not hailed with joy and they formed a 653

wonderful family of strong, sturdy, Western Theological Seminary, Pitts- burgh, has studied the subject for well-trained children, five of whom many years. He presents a critical survey of the movements toward unity engaged in work in the islands, at within Christendom, including all the churches of all lands from the time of least for a time, following in the foot- Christ until the present day. He has constructed an impartial and accurate steps of father and mother. Mr. history. The Archbishop of York and Principal Alfred E. Garvie, of Lon- Oliver P. Emerson, author of the book, don, Deputy Chairman of the Lau- sanne World Conference on Faith and served for many years as secretary of Order, have written introductions in which they heartily commend the volthe Hawaiian Evangelical Association, ume. The former says that "there has not been in the world hitherto, so far having been called to the task from a as I know, any survey of that field (the age-long concern for unity) that successful pastorate in the United can compare with this in thoughtful- ness and completeness." The rich States. stores of material are supplemented by an invaluable "cronology of Chris- The book has a special mission to tian unity" and by appendices of de- nominational statistics, official docuthose who think that social service is ments, and a copious index. One will do wisely to buy this book. a new development in missionary A. J. BROWN. work and that the idea of taking to Windows Into Alaska. Gertrude Chandler the mission field a Gospel for the Warner and Elizabeth Harris. 87 pp. 75 cents. New York. 1928. whole man is a discovery of the pres- Under the North Star. Katharine E. ent generation. The truth is that the Gladfelter. 135 pp. 75 cents. New York. 1928. pioneers, at least those of the stamp of the Emersons, cared no less than the missionaries of the present day for the bodies as well as the souls of their people and sought their complete development. Nowhere can a truer picture be found of pioneer work and of what the early missionaries at- tempted to do than in this volume. It is a herioc story, told largely in ex- tracts from letters and diaries of the father and mother. The son also adds much that is of value, especially in connection with the later work in the islands. B. M. B.

Christian Unity – Its History and Chal- In spite of an ever inereasinghorde lenge in All Communions, in All Lands. of tourists, many magazine articles Gaius Jackson Slosser. 8 va. 425 pp. and well-written booh, Alaska re- New York. $5. mains largely a Terra incognita. The tourist who goes as far North as This is a volume of unusual value. Skagway is much inclined to think of Two modern religious movements of Alaska in the terms of the rather small major importance are the protest segment he has seen. The country is against war as a means of settling in- so large it baffles one's comprehension. ternational disputes and the demand Its sparce population, infinite variafor closer cooperation and union of tion of climate, painfulIy inadequate Christian churches as an indispensa- communications, div.ersity of native ble means for bringing the great culture, languages and customs all spiritual forces of Christ to bear more lend themselves readily to misundereffectively upon the moral conditions standings and misconceptions. The of America and the world. No other missionary work of the Christian book has dealt with this great subject Cburch in Alaska is well organized, with such comprehensiveness. It pre- well manned and highly significant. sents an immense range of facts, and Its fruitage abounds. In order to imwith remarkable clearness. The au- part clear ideas and to awaken the inthor, who is Professor of Church His- terest of the child in missions and in tory and History of Doctrine in the

BOOKS WORTH READING

Alaska these books have been pre- England, Ireland and Germany. There are sketches of pioneer missionaries pared. They accomplish their task from the 13th century down to the present time. "The unfinished task" well and are to be commended to those shows the still unoccupied areas-geo- graphical, religious and moral. The who are in search of material to use last chapter tells of the International Missionary Council meeting at Jeruwith primary classes and with junior salem, the witchery of the place, the personnel, the program under eight boys and girls. Their value is in- heads, and finally the triumphant agreement on the Christian Message creased by the Worship Services and to the World.

the Supplementary material that are Each chapter has "intelligence tests" on its contents and a list of included. A. J. MONTGOMERY. thirty books is given for supplemen- tary reading. This book is more than The Missionary Education of Primary Chil- a compendium of church history. Its dren. Wilhelmina Stooker. 182 pp. purpose is to bring a revival of mis- $1. New York. 1929. sionary zeal by proving that "the mis- sionary passion is in the very heart of From a rich experience among chil- Christianity." Its effect is to rekindle an enthusiastic belief in Missions. dren the author presents a discussion MRS. S. G. WILSON. by a group of parents and teachers. Church Year Sermons. Thomas Sims. Some are from the city and some from 208 pp. $1.75. New York. 1928.

rural districts, but all are united in It is encouraging to realize that such messages are being delivered. their desire to help children to relate The pastor emeritus" of the First Congregational church, Mel r 0 s e , themselves happily with others of Massachusettes, who spent twenty years in one pulpit, has followed the God's great family. Beginning with Church year, from Advent to Easter, as arranged by the English Prayer near-by people, then far-away friends, Book. This method of securing vari- ety, unity and continuity has proved through play, stories, pictures, mak- effective and is a kind of insurance against falling into ruts. More and ing things, and "finding-out" experi- more these sermons hold the atten- tion. While never startling or revoluences, understanding and appreciation tionary, yet they carry conviction.

are developed. The Home by its at- J. F. RIGGS.

mosphere, contacts and teaching, the Tales of Pioneers. Paper ls. C. M. S. London. 1928. Church by its organization for wor- These nine short stories of Chrisship, giving and study of world tians won in non-Christian lands in- clude the remarkable history of friendship, are the agencies to be Kagawa of Japan and others less known but inspiring, those who were used. The book is stimulating and won to Christ in Uganda, India, China and Persia. Attractive colored plates full of practical suggestions, as real furnish illustrations.

questions and problems are raised and successful solutions are given by the unique method of an informal discus- sion. MRS. S. G. WILSON.

From Jerusalem. to Jerusalem. Helen Bar- rett Montgomery. 240 pp. 50c paper, 75c cloth. Cambridge. 1929.

This popular author, Helen Barrett Montgomery, is always sure of an eager audience. Beginning with Pentecost, she gives a clear and vivid resume of the progress of Christianity; its spread through the Roman Empire in the first three centuries until Constantine united Church and State; the little-known story of the conquests of the Armenian and Nestorian churches and of the Franciscan missionaries extending even to China; the winning of Europe by the Eastern Church among the Slavonic tribes and by the Western Church in France,

.Tames Hannington of Africa. By Charles Proverbs 16: 22). But the study D. Michael. IlJustrated. 8 vo. 183 throws much light on the wonderful pp. 28. Glasgow. 1928. character and ministry of our Lord Jesus Christ. This earthly life, which began in England in 1847 and ended in Central Africa in 1885-less than forty years Boys and Girls of India. IIlus. 18. C. M. later-was full of adventure. James S. London. 1928.

Hannington was the son of a merchant Boys and girls in America will like in Sussex and became Missionary this attractively illustrated story of Bishop to Uganda. He was well edu- their seven comrads in India. We cated and possessed an earnest pur- read of their homes in village and pose, wide sympathies, great courage, jungle, their parents and playmates, artistic talent and a keen sense of their games and adventures.

humor. The story of his life is stim- The Letters of Maxwell Chaplin. Edited ulating, though not marked by literary by George Stewart. Foreword by Robskill. It might have been made much ert E. Speer. 8 vo. 239 pp. $2.50. more attractive to young people but New York. 1928.

the human interest and heroic note of Some men grow old and their youth this martyr's life is in the story. is forgotten or their early promise of "Lutheran Missionsjahrbuch" for 1929. noble development and fine achieve- 42d volume. Editor Dr. W. Gerber, ment is never fulfilled. Max Chaplin Leipzig. $.50. lives in these letters in eternal, vig- orous, chivalrous Christian youth. He This annual presents a great amount was a lovable fellow, viril and fine spirited; intelligent and earnest; his of useful information. It is the year- short life was rich in service to Christ and his fellowmen. Max was born book of the Saxon Missionskonferenz at Morristown, New Jersey, on May 9, 1890, and died in China in July, and serves as a rallying force for the 1926-his earthly career cut off after only seven years of missionary serv- Lutherans of Europe. It also presents ice. His preparation had been un- usual, through his Christian home full statistics of the work in the va- training, his education at Hill School, Princeton and Hartford and his Y. rious mission fields of the Lutherans M. C. A. war work overseas. Max won his way by honest, patient effort, of America. The Jerusalem Confer- ence stands in the center of the dis- cussions and the book contains a number of monographs on missionary subjects. There is a full bibliography of mission publications in many lan- guages. C. T. BENZE.

The Wonderful Names of Our Wonderful and by a pure strong character early Lord. By Thomas C. Horton. 12 mo. given over to the control of Jesus 200 pp. 75c. Long Beach, California. Christ. His letters will be an in- 1928. spiration to other young men. They Among the Hebrews the name de- are natural, well-expressed, and vivid, scribed the person- his character or dealing frankly and intimately with history. The study of these names his experiences and his convictions, of our Lord is a study of our Lord his ambitions and fellowships. Hav- and 80 reveals Him. Three hundred ing been written to friends and the and sixty-five names are listed-one home circle they give exceptionally for every day in the year. Some are stimulating, graphic pictures of life figures of speech or types are taken at school and college, at the seminary, from a phrase that describes some in war contacts and on the mission phase of Christ's work, and others field. They are good reading for young only by the author's inference related and old. They show Max to be a con- to Christ. A few of the interpreta- scientious and courageous Pacifist and tions and references will be questioned a consistent and self-sacrificing Chris- (as for example "Understanding" in tian.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1929

192:~

OLD AND NEW MISSIONARY MOTIVES SAMUEL M. ZWEMER TRANSFORMATIONS IN MOROCCO JAMES HALDANE CHANGING PERSIA WM. N. WYSHAM SADHU SUNDAR SINGH AT SABATHU A. J. APPASAMY CHRISTIAN INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN SOUTH AFRICA A. J. HAILE TWO PATHS IN CUBA J. E. BUDD LUCY BAINBRIDGE-MISSIONARY A. H. McKINNEY THE PROBLEMS OF INDIA MRS. WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN VoluRle LII NURlber 6

ME ANOTHER ON AFRICA* July 30-Aug. 14. World Boy

Jamboree-Arrow Park, Birkenhead, 1. What punctuation mark is suggested England.

by the outline of Africa? August. International Congress of Chris- 2. What question does Africa suggest tian Youth under the auspices of the World's Alliance for International to the world? Friendship through the Churches– Germany. 3. What part of Africa is now chiefly Moslem? August 3-9. World's Committee of Y. M. C. A.-Geneva. 4. What is the modern name for the August 7-14. Conference of the Internaland known in Bible times as Ethiopia? tional Fellowship of Reconciliation- 5. Name two people mentioned in the Lyons, France.

Bible who are supposed to have gone to August 27. Continuation Committee of the Faith and Order Conference- Jerusalem from that land. Maloja Palace, Switzerland.

6. Why has Africa been known as the November 10-17. Week of Prayer of the "dark continent?" World's Alliance of Y. M. C. A.

7. What mountains in Africa, almost on the equator, are covered with perpetual snow?

8. What are the great lakes of Africa? PERSONALS 9. Name its great waterfall (the CROLl ANDY, native of Ankara, North greatest in the world). Travancore, India, at the age of eighty, dropped Hinduism, accepted Christianity, 10. Who discovered it? and changed his name to Yesu Dasan. This was sixty years ago, and Mr. Dasan, 11. What did the natives call it? still living, at the age of 140, is probably 12. Why did Livingstone make his the oldest living Christian.

perilous journey into the heart of Africa? " 13. What countries in Africa have REV. CHARLES S. REIFSNIDER, Episcopal their own independent governments? Bishop of North Tokyo, and President of St. Paul's University, has been dec- 14. What European countries control orated by the Emperor of Japan in rec- ognition of services rendered the cause the rest of the continent? of education. 15. What resources make Africa de- sirable as a possession?

16. What group of people first reduced to writing the languages of the primitive African tribes?

17. Name some of the great missionaries to Africa. _ 18. Into how many African languages DR. LEE S. HUIZENGA sailed for Hawaii has the Bible been translated? on March 8th, on a journey to the Far 19. What are the missionaries teach- East as special Medical Adviser to the ing to the people of Africa? American Mission to Lepers. He is to stimulate local interest in the leprosy 20. Who were the first Protestant mis- question, confer with government offisionaries to go to Africa? cials, and encourage Leper Mission Hos- pital Superintendents, bringing them the 21. Who compared the white and the latest word in connection with the treatblack races of the world to the white and ment of leprosy. Dr. Huizenga, formerly black keys of the piano, both being neces- actively engaged in medical mission and sary for the best melody? leper work in China, has just completed a year of leprosy research at Yale Uni- 22. What Bible verse covers Living- versity. His services have been loaned stone's grave in Westminster Abbey? to this Mission for a year b·, the Chris- (See 3rd cover for answeT8.) (lOMING EVENTS tian Reformed Church of America.

June. Lutheran World Convention- MRS. J. C. R. * * *' widow of Sir Copenhagen, Denmark. EWING, the June. Congress on Christian Work in Latin America-Havana, Cuba. James Ewing, of the Presbyterian Mis- June 17-23. Congress of the Interna- sion, is returning to India to complete tional Alliance of Women for Equal Citizenship-Berlin, Germany. her life service there.

June 19-27. Council of the General Pres- REV. ROBERT LAWS, D.D., the great byterian Alliance–Boston, Mass. pioneer missionary in Livingstonia, Af- rica, will visit America dUring the sum- July 11-21. Committee of the Interna- mer, as a delegate to the Pan-Presbyte- tional Missionary Council- Wil- rian Convention in Boston. Doctor Laws liamstown, Mass. expects also to speak in Guilford, North Carolina, and will attend the Women's July 22-30. International Y. M. C. A. Foreign Missionary Conference in July Older Boys' Camp-Burg Wernfels, and the General Conference of Christian Bavaria. Workers at Northfield, Massachusetts, in August. For other appointments ad- July 25-Aug. 4. Y. M. C. A. Far Eastern dress Mr. Harold Peirce, 222 Drexel Boy's Camp–Japan. Building, Philadelphia. Dr. Laws has a great story of personal experience in July 25-Aug. 4. World Congress of Edu- Darkest Africa. cational Associations-Geneva.

'" }1'rom World Neighbors. MCCUTCHEON'S is a treasure house of gifts for the June Bride. Linens, of course, are always welcome and always appropriate gifts. Occasional Furniture, Tudric Pewter and other original Gift Articles from Liberty of London will add the charm of novelty to the new home. Exquisite Lingerie, Perfumes, Novelty Jewelry, clever sets of Decorative Linens and smart pieces of Household Linens are unexcelled as shower gifts. Just tell us that your selection is a wedding gift and we will attend to its appropriate wrapping.

McCutcheon~s .~ FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTY.NINTH ST. DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK /llllJUSlbr.Oft SiaDl's King at Mission Centennial The American Presbyterian Mission was also the first to bring the people the bene- T HE celebration of the centennial fits of Medical science. In conclusion His of Protestant missions in Siam, Majesty wished the whole missionary body all success, and all blessings both held in Bangkok in December, was in this life and the next.

opened by the King of Siam, who The king and queen visited the ex- hibits which had been prepared and as placed at the disposal of the committee a result of a leper exhibit they gave 1,000 ticals toward a fund of .5,000 the royal Saranromya Gardens. ticals for new buildings.

Following the reception of the king The people have had their eyes opened to the results of the Christian and queen, Dr. McFarland read an ad- enterprise' and the manifest favor of the king and the princes and officials dress to the king in Siamese. lifts the burden that has rested upon those who have accepted this Chris- The king, speaking in English, re- tian faith.

plied, in part, as follows: His Royal Highness Prince Dam- rong has written in highest praise of Some people may want to know why the work accomplished by the misthe Buddhists are so tolerant of the sionaries and says, "As regards the Christian faith and other creeds in Siam, American missionaries, their sterling and also why I and my predecessors qualities and the good work they have have encouraged the missionaries. We done in educational and medical matrejoice in all merit, and are glad to see ters have always been fully recognized, merit made under the influence of any and their friendship with the people religion. I thank the American Presby- of the country extends to all classes." terian Mission for the helpful work they have done for this country. They were the first to start education for girls in the Kingdom, and when the Siamese Government started a school for girls most of the teachers employed were ex-students of the school of "Mem" Cole (Miss Edna S. Cole), now termed the Wattana Wittiya Academy. The Siamese respect Miss Cole a great deal for her work.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY' REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY United Sta.tes Religions Statistics T REVIEW OF THE WORLD HE Church statistics, gathered by Dr. Henry K. Carroll for The DELAVAN L, PJUaOlf. Bllitor Christian Herald, show a million in- crease in church members over last year. Of this number. two thirds are CONTENTS-JUNE REVIEW Protestants and one third Roman and Greek Catholics. The number of min- Puge isters and churches also show a growth 'AITTXG VILLAGERS 1.' I.'DIA …. for the first time in ten years.

· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , …. (l'~rontispiccc) 420 Dcnonlinatiou8 Cmnmunicanh Gains OLD A.'D NEn' )[]SSIONARY MOTIVES Roman Cuthollc …….. 17,095,844 360,103 • ••••••••••…. SAMUEL 11. ZWE:IER 421 ~Iethodlst Episcopal •… 4,614,097 22,093 58.659 'l'HA.'R~'OmIA~~?~~ ,:~J.~~~~°J':'~~E~~ 427 Houthern Baptist ……. 3.823,660 t>ational Buptist (Col.). 3.515,542 262.173 CHANGING PERSIA ,. w,], N. WYSHAM 433 }[ethodist Episcopal. ~outh 2,580,885 12,923 33.247 SADHU SUNDAR SINGH A'1' SABA'1'HU Presbyterian. U. S. A. .. 1.918.974 57.316 .. , …………… A. J. ApPASAMY 440 Disciples of Christ .•..• 1,538,692 27.063 Northern Baptist ……. 1,419,883 24,445 CHHIS'l'IAN INDUSTRIAL TRAINING Protestant Episcopal … l,215,3R3 13,860 IN SOUTH AFRICA "A. J, HAILE 443 23,724 Congregationalist ……. 928,558 A )IODERN PROPHETESS U1 MADA· ii.oBi GASCAR …….. ELLEN GOTZSCHE 449 United Lutheran ……. 914,395 19,316 APOLO OF THE PIG:lIES ……… ,' 451 African Methodist Epis- ~'WO PATHS IN CUBA …. J. E. BUDD 453 cupal …………… . 781,692 '5'.036 Missouri Lutheran Synod 656,432 LUCY BAINBRIDGE-MISSIONARY .. Latter-Day Saints (Utah) 586,635 115.777 ……………. , ,A. H, MCKINNEY 456 African Meth. Epls, Zion 500,000 5,246 Presbyterian in U. S. (So.) 444,657 4,167 'l'HE PROBLEMS OF INDIA … ,', .. ,' Churches of Christ ….. 433,714 • ……. MRS. WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN 459 United Brethren in Christ 402,192 5.769 Reformed in U. S. . .•..• 356,093 8.005 A BIBLE CRUSADE FOR LATIN AMER- Colored Methodist Epis- d 49.003 ICA ………. GEORGE T. B. DAVIS 461 copal •…………… 338.771 ~orwegian Lutheran . . . . 302.232 . '505 METHODS FOR WORKERS ,,",.,'" •.•• EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOH~SON 464 .Evangelical Synod of N. A. 287.115 d 5,264 Greek (Hellenic) Orthodox 285.000 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUL- Lutheran Augustana Synod 225.034 '3',852 LE'l'IN ………•.. , ..••.•.. , ..• , Evangelical Church …. . 212.671 • ••• EDITED BY ELLA D. ;MACLAURIN )1:72 Russian Orthodox ….. . 200,000 3,397 3,736 Methodist Protestant .. . 195,460 4,808 United Presbyterian … . 175,075 3,111 Ohio Lutheran Joint Synod 162,536 1,363 Reformed in America … 156,089 V1sconsin Lutheran Synod 153.506 Iowa Lutheran Synod .• 150,431 46,571,248 1,036,562 These thirty-two denominations, WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN" constituting 46,571,248 of the grand ' .•. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINr,AN 475 total, gathered 1,036,562 of the total WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK .. , … "…. 477 net gains of 1,114,987.

BOOKS WORTH READING …..•••••• 493 The United States decennial census of religious bodies for 1926 brings a TERMS.-$2.1I0 a year. ($2.00 In club. of vast amount of valuable information.

five.) Foreign postage. 110 cent.. Single copies. It will be seen that the Roman 25 cent.. Publl.bed monthly. Copyrlchted. Catholic Church reported an increase 1928, by MISSIONABY RIDVlIDW PUBLIIIHING COll- . of about 3%, the Mormons 3%, while PANY. INC. All rights reserved. the Methodist Episcopal Church gained only one half of one per cent, THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING the Presbyterians one and three COMPANY. INc. quarter per cent and the Reformed ROsmBT E. SPJlEB. p,.erid…. Church in America and the Disciples of Christ over 3%. The largest gains WILLIAli I. CRAlIB.BLAIN. VIo/l-p,.eeldent are in the "Churches of Christ" which reports 26% increase and in the Na- DIILAVAN L. PIIIBSON. Secr.'1W1/ WALTIIR McDOUGALL, TreaatWM'

Publleatlon Office. 3d '" Reily St., Harrllburc, tional Baptists (Colored) reporting Pa. 211c a copy. $2.110. year. 73(;10 gain! Losses during the year Editorial and Buslne•• Olllce, 1116 FIfth ……nu•• are reported by the "Christian New York City. Church." the "Church of God," Evan- Entered •• lecond-clas. matter .t the P.,.t gelical Synod. Friends, and Spiritual- ~lII;':H~arrlsbUrg. Pa•• under "'ct of lUra ists. OBITUARY NOTES.

REV. E. C. CRONK, D.D., the acting PREPARE WELL Executive Secretary of the Lutheran Orient Mission, died on February 25th, FOR after an illness of several months. Mrs. Cronk, former Editor of our Best Meth- WORLD ods Department, died in March, 1927. SERVICE REV. FRANK L". SN*YDER, missionary of THE Kennedy School of Missions (inthe Presbyterian Church in Siam since terdenominational) offers technical 1890, died at Sritamarat, Siam, March training for Christian work in any for- 30th. eign field. Graduate school for candi- dates, appointees, missionaries. Study *** of phonetics of high value. Over a dozen languages available in labora- REV. STURGES ALLEN, a missionary of tory. Close affiliation with Seminary the Protestant Episcopal Church in Li- and School of Religious Education, beria, died in Africa on April 21st. He Exceptional library. Sociology, Bible, would have been eighty years of age on business methods, etc. June 25th. He went to Liberia as a missionary six years ago at the age of Write for catalog. seventy-four and was much beloved by the people. Dean E. W. Capen. Ph.D.• Hartford~ Connecticut ** HARTFORD DR. LoWELL M. McAFEE, formerly Seminary Foundation president of Park College, died at his home in Kansas City, February 11, 1929, W. Douglas Mackeru:ie, D.D., President at the age of 68 years. Park College was founded in 1875 by his father, Dr. John A. McAfee, and aner being graduated in 1880, he became a member of the College Faculty until his election to the Presidency, which office he held until 1913. The influence of his life continues in the lives of many students who entered Christian service at home and abroad during Dr. McAfee's third of a century at Park College.

I _, A new McConnell boole on m~sions ~ an event LET YOUR GIFT to Foreign Missions ——–:00——– PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME HUMAN NEEDS and You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- sions and have a needed income for yourself WORLD and others from the money you give by the CHRISTIANITY Annuity Gift Plan By BISHOP FRANCIS J. McCONNELL This plan relieves you of uncertainty and President ofthe Federal Council 01 Churches worry caused by changing values of invested funds and assures you a fixed income of Here is a volume of prophetic 4t% to 9% per year sig-nificance. It emphasizes for the rest of your life the human value that lies at the base of the Christian world A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees task. "The present day argu- the prompt payment of annuities to you. ment for Christianity … must consist as never before in act- Protect yourself against loss through ual human results, which pre- unwise investments and at the same time pare for and lead toward the help send the gospel to all the world. vision of God."

For full information write $1.50 Erneal F.. Ha.U~ Secretar,)'" Dept.. of Annaitiea FRIENDSHIP PRESS BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 150 Fifth Ave., New York of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

166 Fihh Avenue. New York Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

VILLAGERS IN

ThIs group of villagers are only a sample of the multitudes in the hundreds of thommmls of vBlages in India who do not yet know Jesus Christ as their Lord and Saviour but are willing to listen to His message.

LII, No.6 June

16eW0 THE MISSIONARY lliIIU-~ .&,-_ _.1 OLD AND NEW MISSIONARY MOTIVES· BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Cairo, Egypt Author 01 u.A..cr088 the World of Islam," etc.

N o HUMAN enterprise re- The history of the Church at quires stronger motives than home and abroad reveals a multi- the work of Christian mis- tude of motives that drove men to sions. There is no enterprise so earnest effort in the propagation vast in its extent, so difficult in its of the Gospel, and yet not all of character. It often staggers our these motives were approved of faith. Nineteen centuries after the God or beneficent in their results.

inauguration of evangelism the Jesus speaks of the Pharisees of disciples of Christ still face great His day, as compassing land and unoccupied fields where the name sea to make one proselyte. Their of Christ has never been pro- zeal was for Judaism rather than claimed. Missions often disap- for God. The story of Roman Cath- point hope; at times where the olic missions and Protestant sec- harvest was ripening the blast of tarianism affords similar instances.

persecution, or the blight of revo- The scramble for denominational lution, has ruined the expectations prestige in an unoccupied field, the of the reapers. Signs of a new day mUltiplication of sects and parties have sometimes been signs of a on the frontier of new territory, false dawn. Think of the missions the missions which are based on on the east coast of Africa or of rivalry of church parties-all work the Armenian Church. that is based on mere ecclesiasti- In such a crisis as foreign mis- cism is based on an unworthy mis- sions face today, and at a time sionary motive. Weare to lead men when new "movements" are on to Christ, not win converts to our foot, it may be well to consider own sect.

the old and the new missionary Another motive is that based on motives. To abandon those that Christian imperialism. Because are unworthy or inadequate and missions promote civilization, en- to urge those that are true and courage trade and produce social efficient would seem the part of progress there have been those who wisdom. use these outward manifestations • An address given fit the 2d General Mis- as an argument for extending the c'h~:~les ;fnii:~~~r.:':ror~.f sc~~: lo~~~nf~~~~ian boundaries of nominal Christen- 421

dom. The flag follows the mission- so large; or that baptisms and re~ ary and trade follows the flag. A pioneer mission may not only cre- vivals and mass-movements are ate homes, schools, and literature among a barbarous people but may proof that "missions pay." Why introduce western commerce and not invest your life and your civilization so that the result is colonial expansion, not to say ex- money in such a successful venploitation. There is a real relation ture? But this motive fails between Christian missions and piteously in the hardest fields and social progress but to confound the two or make them coordinate is in most trying circumstances. fatal. Robert Morrison had no outward "Pity for the heathen" was once success when he toiled twentya leading motive in the missionary eight years in China for ten conmovement. The exaggerated contrast of the conditions among sav- verts. The missionaries in Arabia ages and those in western lands, have endured the burden and the the grotesque picture of the non- Christian religions in their popular heat and the fanaticism of the and degraded form of idol worship, suttee, self torture, slavery and Arabs for thirty-nine years and other degradation made its appeal yet in all Arabia there are not to the emotions. thirty-nine disciples won for Christ and openly confessing his name. The conditions of the non-Christian world then and now are such The utter inadequacy of statistics as to move hearts. It was Ian was pointed out by Professor Keith Falconer who said before sailing for Aden in 1889, "while vast Harlan P. Beach of China: continents are shrouded in almost utter darkness and hundreds of My observations make me yearn for millions suffer the horrors of the filling out of such items as these: heathenism and Islam the burden Number of missionaries forced premaof proof is on those who stay at turely into the work before being fitted home, why they should not go to for it, linguistically or otherwise; numthe mission field." Christ himself ber giving most of their time and had compassion on the multitudes strength to financing their station; and wept over Jerusalem. But the number annually breaking down from motive of compassion is one that overwork; number who do not find time stirs only the emotions, and leaves to nourish their own spiritual lives sufthe intellect and the will dormant. ficiently to make them fruitful workers; We need a motive that will lay hold number of native helpers who are adeof all the powers of the soul. quately fitted for their responsible duties; number of helpers who are do- Others say that we must urge ing as much harm as good; number of the success of the missionary enter- converts who are undeserving the name prise and so win men to complete of Christian through lack of instruction the task. Statistics can be arrayed and spiritual rebirth; number acquainted to prove that the Kingdom of God with Christianity who might be won for is coming with power; that the Christ if only tactfully approached; number of Christians was never number who will never hear the gospel because the force responsible for evan- gelizing the region is hampered by lack of funds or men, etc. Such items should furnish the church with food for thought and prayer.

Statistics of success may prove a motive in this holy war, but will statistics of failure bring recruits and resources?

The great motive of duty, Christ's last command to His dis- ciples, the categorical imperative of the New Testament ,.'~ould ap- peal to every man's conscience in

1929J OLD AND NEW MISSIONARY MOTIVES

the sight of God. As the Duke of "Pilgrim's Progress" and in Thom- Wellington expressed it, "We have as a Kempis' "Imitation of Christ,"

our marching orders." To some the message is one of personal sal- minds this appeals strongly and is vation and personal sanctification.

the final word. Like compulsory Christian and Faithful stopped service in the World War, those their ears in VanitY-Fair instead who refuse to enlist and do their of opening their mouths to preach part are then slackers or traitors to to the lost. There are many beau- the cause. Four times the great tiful prayers in "The Imitation"

commission is reiterated in the but no prayer for missions. Why Gospel record. Yet it is evident are so many churches and Chris- from the Acts that the Apostles tians lukewarm toward missions were not moved by a mere com- while they profess their love to mand. The early Church would Christ? Why do many eat of the have been an evangelistic force Bread that was broken, in their without it. There was an inner love for Christ, but refuse to drink urge and passion deeper than the of His cup of suffering for the sense of duty. "They that were lost? We dare not say that the scattered went everywhere preach- great mass of Christians do not ing the word." Why did they gO? love Christ; but the missionary What constrained them to the task? societies know that the great mass What was the motive of Philip and of Christians have no sacrificial Silas, of Mark and Timothy, of part in the work of missions. It Paul and the Apostles? is the vicarious task of the few.

The love of Christ constrained Can we therefore find back of all them. His love for a lost world; the motives mentioned a supreme His love for them; His love in and final motive for missions? It them. This was the threefold cord would not, naturally, appeal to all that bound their hearts to the task or appeal most easily. "The nat- and made them eager bond-serv- ural man discerneth not the things ants. of the Spirit." The carnally- But if the love of Christ (under~ minded are babes in Christ. Nor stood in this threefold sense) is would this motive be easily ex- the supreme missionary motive, plained or understood. On the con- why was it not always fruitful in trary because of the spiritual char- missionary zeal? Peter professed acter of the missionary enterprise his love to Christ and preached "it would be appreciated only by that love to the Jews at Pentecost. those who have passed beyond But he was unready and unwilling other worthy although less worthy to share the good tidings with a motives.

Roman centurion until the three- We believe this motive to be a fold vision made his latent love passion for the glory of God in the active. Luther and Calvin were coming of the Kingdom. Some lovers of Christ but had no vision motives are ego-centric or cosmo- of the foreign missionary task and centric. This is all theo-centric its demands. One searches in vain and finds its source and goal be- in the Reformation Catechisms yond time and space in eternity.

and creeds for a clear and out- The chief end of missions is not spoken message regarding the non- the salvation of men but the glory Christian world. In Bunyan's of God. "For of Him and through

Him and unto Him are all things" Matthew's gospel or the High- -also missions-"to Him be the priestly prayer in John and are glory for ever." Not only Luther impressed with the same idea: the and Calvin but in our own day glory of God as motive and goal.

Otto in "Das Heilige" and Karl Seven times in his intercession as Barth in his commentary on the High Priest, Christ refers to God's Romans have shown that the sov- glory. "I have glorified Thee ….. .

ereignty and holiness of God are I have finished the work." To the basis of all theistic thought and glorify God is to finish the work; that a Christian world-view is im- for Christ and for us.

possible without these numinous This motive dominates in Paul's elements. We find it in the Old epistles. One has only to turn to Testament prophecies and in the a concordance or study the dox- Law of Sinai. "Thou shalt have ologies (that is, Paul's missionary no other gods …… for I the Lord prayers) to be convinced of his thy God am a jealous God." "Je- passion that his Lord alone might hovah that is my name and my be glorified through his life and glory will I not give to another death and message (Phil. 2: 11; neither my praise to graven Rom. 16: 25-27; 1 Cor. 1: 26-31; images." The absolute character Eph. 3: 20).

of Jewish monotheism is its dis- In the vision of John, the entire tinguishing characteristic and redeemed church from every na- glory. Syncretism is absent from tion and tongue and people ascribes the mind of Isaiah and Daniel glory to the Lamb. In their great when they tell of the coming King- Hallelujah Chorus we can hear the dom of the Messiah. His glory is interpretation of this same mis- to cover the earth. Every knee is sionary motive-glory to God.

to bow before Him. This mission- Now if we grant that this is the ary motive and idea is proclaimed highest motive-namely a passion at the Incarnation. "The Word for God's glory – we must admit became flesh" and men beheld that we have here also a supreme "His glory, a glory as of the only standard of values, because every- begotten of the Father, full of grace thing that is moral must be meas- and truth." There would be "peace ured by its relation to its source on earth and good will towards and aim, which is God. If in "eat- men" but the angels began their ing and drinking" then surely in song with "Glory to God in the· missionary administration and exe- highest." We must not reverse cution we must do all to the glory the order. The great commission of God. This becomes the test of is preceded by a great assertion: the spirit of our obedience and the "All power is given unto me in character of our service. It gives heaven and on earth"-this gives a new impetus to prayer. "Thy authority to the command. With- Kingdom come …… for thine is out it, Jesus the Nazarene sends out the Kingdom and the power and his few disciples on a futile errand. the glory." Our gifts are meas- With it the Incarnate Word com- ured by the motive back of them municates His message and power, and not by their intrinsic value. We His mission and authority to His contribute not to a Society but to Church for all the ages. our Saviour. Every mite-box and We read the Lord's Prayer in offering-plate bears the print of

OLD AND NEW MISSIONARY MOTIVES

the nails of the open hand of the our methods. Weare workers with Risen Redeemer. Who can put a God. He has the right to approve mean or paltry offering into such or disapprove our methods. That hands. Our per capita giving method is best at home or abroad shrinks into insignificance when which is most to the glory of God we think of His "per capita"-"O and least to the glory of man. He Haupt voll Blut und Wunden," "0 must increase and we decrease in sacred head once wounded." the administration of the indig- We go and we send with alacrity enous churches. He is the director and eager passion because His of all operations and advance glory is at stake. He wills it. movements, if we acknowledge His Therefore He laid down his Life spiritual leadership. "It seemed for us, that we should lay down good to the Holy Ghost and us,"

our lives for the brethren. In the the apostles wrote in their mission- light of God's great holiness and ary report. Not our time-tables the glory of Christ the non-Chris- are to be followed, but God's eter- tian religions are not only inade- nal plan, hidden from the wise and quate but they are intruders and prudent but revealed unto babes.

usurpers. The Lord is a jealous Spiritual men only can do spiritual Lord not only in the Old Testa- work. Spiritual resources are not ment, witness Moses, Elijah and commanded by organization, or Isaiah; but He is the same Lord publicity or money-power. Faith in the New Testament. Paul's at- is the victory. Men appoint com- titude to the non-Christian reli- mittees. God finds a man. Prayer gions, and the final chapters of that is the sale dynamic in the Acts of terrible drama of missions, in the the Apostles. Life is more than any Apocalypse, are clear evidence. uniformity of method. God has a Idolatry, superstition, falsehood, way of breaking through barriers impurity dishonor God. "For this and the unexpected is to be ex- purpose" writes the loving dis- pected when He is leading on.

ciple, "was the Son of God mani- Finally in this motive we find fested that he might destroy the the supreme and only test of suc- works of the devil." We need to cess. By other standards, the enter- study afresh the teaching of the prise may be an apparent failure apostles reg a r din g "spiritual –our plans may be frustrated, our values" in man or in human phi- hopes disappointed-but when we losophy to realize that they taught consider the glory of God, success the moral bankruptcy of the whole blossoms from seeming defeat. The race and that in Christ are hid, not Cross is always victorious. Peter's some, but "all the treasures of wis- preaching not only, but the stoning dom and knowledge." of Stephen was to the glory of The comparative study of reli- God. The baptisms at Ongole, gion may broaden our minds and two thousand two hundred and give us new points of contact with twenty-two on one day by the Lone non-Christians; but the study of Star Mission, and the Armenian positive religion revealed in the massacres, each had a place in the mind and life of Christ will fill us great plan of God for the unfold- with a missionary passion for ing of His eternal purpose. Who God's glory. can tell the infinite from the in- Again, this motive tests all of finitesimal but God? An event in-

significant to the newspapers has parent defeat and real triumph at often been as life from the dead to the end. If we would glorify God those that sat in darkness and let us finish the work he has given shadow. The harvest is not the us to do. And we may all learn end of the annual report but "the something from the prayer of Igend of the world." The reapers are natius Loyola, for he too was a misnot the missionaries but the angels. sionary with a passion for Christ: We have time to wait on God. His power is infinite. His time limit "Teach us Good Lord to serve is eternity. With God the mission- Thee as thou deservest; to give ary enterprise has in it aU the and not to count the cost; to fight glory of the impossible, the adven- and not to heed our wounds; to ture of leading a forlorn hope to toil and not to ask for any reward certain victory; the glory of ap- save that of knowing that we do thy will."

THE GOOD NEWS FOR MOSLEMS T HE good news, and the only good sage and a personal Gospel in the deep- news for sinners, is the Atone- est sense. Paul spoke of it as my ment of Jesus Christ. So impor- Gospel. "/ received" it; "/ delivered tant is this theme in the apostles' it," he wrote. Those who have not thought and preaching, that it seems received it in their own hearts, as the incredible for anyone to accept the final message and the saving message New Testament and then reject the of God's grace can never deliver it to very kernel of its teaching. "It will be others.

admitted by most Christians," says Dr. Dr. Chatterjee, the Indian Christian, Denney, "that if the atonement, quite explains what was the compelling force apart from precise definition of it, is which induced him to leave home and anything to the mind, it is EVERY- country and honors by accepting THING. It is the most profound of all Christian baptism. He admits the at- truths and the most creative. It deter- traction of Christ's blameless life and mines more than anything else our His perfect teaching, "but," says he, conception of God, of man, of history, "the doctrine which decided me to em- and even of nature; it determines brace the Christian religion, and make them, for we must bring them all in a public confession of my faith, was some way into accord with it. It is the the doctrine of the vicarious death and inspiration of all thought, the key, in suffering of Christ. I felt myself a the last resort, to all suffering ….. . sinner, and found in Christ one Who The atonement is a reality of such a had died for my sins, paid the penalty sort that it can make no compromise. due for my sins." "For by grace are The man who fights it knows that he is ye saved by faith, and that not of fighting for his life and puts all his yourselves; it is the gift of God."

strength into the battle. To surrender The true apostolic succession is not is literaUy to give himself up, to cease a matter of method or of ordination to be the man he is and become another or of ecclesiastical connection, but of man. For the modern mind therefore, the Message. Have we received first as for the ancient, the attraction and of all, and delivered first of all, the the repulsion of Christianity are con- news of Christ's death for sin? Do centrated on the same point; the Cross we interpret that death not in terms of Christ is man's only glory or it i8 of human philosophy but in terms of In:s final stumbling block." the Scriptures? Does the death of The apostolic Gospel, to Paul and his Christ hold the foremost place in our successors and to every evangelist and preaching, in our thinking, and in our every missionary, is a personal mes- missionary program ?-S. M. Z.

CHILDREN O~' 'fHE MISSION SCHOOL IN

TRANSFORMATIONS IN MOROCCO BY JAMES HALDANE, Mazagan, Morocco M OROCCO cannot be cIassi- life is carrying the young people tied geographically among far away from the primitive posi- oriental countries. In spite tion so long held by their fore- of its geographical position, the fathers and is bearing them into a manners and customs of the peo- new world of thought and activity.

pIe and, indeed, the whole atmos- American tourists, u sua I I Y phere of the land is akin to that of known by their clean-shaven faces the East, other than African. and tortoise-shell rimmed glasses, While other backward nations, parade the streets followed by men during the last fifty years, were and boys who have abandoned their opening their doors to Western manual labor for the easier and life and commerce, Morocco con- more lucrative job of guides. RaiI- tinued to resist interference from ways have been constructed, superb all outside sources and remained roads link up all the towns, the Cie wrapped up in its exclusiveness Generale de Transports and Tour- and mystery. Only during the last isme has three hundred cars which fifteen years has the country felt cover more than ten million kilo- the impact of modern civilization. meters annually.

During that short space of time, The camel, which for centuries changes deep and far-reaching carried its load unchallenged, has have taken place. A new gush of been ousted from trade routes by 427

the motor lorry. French hospitals pIe who are all shades of color and dispensaries are established all from white to black as a result of over the country, with the result intermarriage with other races.

that the native doctor's practice Their habits in many respects are has dwindled to a fraction of its far removed from those of the former proportions. The story- Arabs.

teller with his weird gestures, In all the towns there is a strong Dervish dancers marshalling all sprinkling of Jews, descendents of their passions to sway the crowd, those driven from Spain in the fifand snake charmers, calling upon teenth century. Then far away to their patron saint for help, are all the south are the Shelha-speaking having a lean time in the face of Jews who are said to have lived in the competition that comes from at- the country prior to the Arab intractive European cafes and cine- vasion. Let us examine these groups separately in their relation mas. In a word, Moorish primitive to the task of the Christian mislife is being pulverized under the sionary. hammer of civilization and the older folks unable to catch up with The Moors the new movement, live away in back streets where they spend their These pride themselves on betime in dismal reminiscences of a ing vastly superior to all the other glorious past, almost eclipsed by groups. They are good tradesmen the corruption now prevailing. and have always furnished them- But no protest can arrest the selves with a certain amount of march towards the set objective; comfort and even luxury. Since the old order must yield to the new. the French occupied the country some sixteen years ago the Moors The native population of Morocco have shown a growing inclination is estimated roughly at eight mil- to discard the standards of discrelion souls. It is divided into three tion set up by their forefathers, distinct groups: until today they find themselves hoisted to heights that give them (1) The original Berber tribes an entirely new view of life. who speak the Shelha language. Their origin is somewhat obscure but according to Renan, the famous Now, it is generally assumed French historian, they are "the that civilization, by breaking people whom Joshua the son of through hoary customs, dragging Nun drove out before him." They to light superstitions that have occupy the district south of Agidir, flourished in darkness and setting known as Soos, the Riff country in up a higher standard of living by the north, where Abd-EI-Krim putting more money in circulation, waged war against French and has facilitated the missionary's Spanish troops, previous to his task. Such judgment is usually capture last year. Others are based upon things that catch the found in the region of the central eyes, but when we dip beneath the and greater Atlas. surface we cannot disguise the fact (2) The Arabs, descendents of that in some respects, at least, the the invaders who live in the coun- last state of the Moor is worse than try and are engaged in agriculture. the first. For example, many a . (3) The Moors, a term used to Moor has abandoned the Koran designate the towns dwelling peo- and has gone to the cask; his false

TRANSFORMATIONS IN MOROCCO

beliefs and superstitions have by putting on his best clothes at dwindled away but his drinking Christmas. He reads the Koran habits have increased. It is as dif- which says that Jesus did not die ficult to point to an advertisement and pretends to accept the New for Scotch whiskey and convince Testament which asserts that He him that the stuff is harmful, as it was crucified. He wears European is to open a page of the Koran and clothes to show that he belongs to show that its remedy for the con- the progressive party but still sequences of sin is inadequate. wears the fez which links him to The crowd that once gulped down the past. The result is that life the gossip of the story-teller, gains and religion are thrown into uninnothing if caught by the glamor telligible confusion. It reminds of a corrupt cinema. If Western one of the man who had liver and life has created conditions under lung trouble and who was ordered which a multitude of women have by his doctor to take violent exerbeen emancipated from the irk- cise to cure the former and rest to someness and degradation of the save the latter. harem, it has also brought into being the licensed brothel, to which We are compelled to admit that many of these same women turn. converts to Christianity are very To drive out the pig and admit the few. There is no native church, wolf is simply ousting dirt to make although in some towns small way for danger. The resultant groups of four to eight men gather gain is doubtful. The protectorate weekly for prayer and Bible study. power that introduced civilization Mission dispensaries and night cannot be held responsible for these shelters bring us into contact with corrupt developments. large numbers of adults, while our schools for girls and classes for There is another type of Moor boys open a door for work among who finds himself in a dilemma, the young. From the standpoint and whose aspirations towards this of numbers and results achieved, new mode of life clash with his this is the most encouraging featheological beliefs. He is not cour- ture of our work. ageous enough to pass a sponge over the past, neither is he content Arabs to be treated as old-fashioned and out of date. He realizes that to One of the outstanding features know no book save the Koran, and of Arab life is summed up in what to be bound to a system of belief the horse is supposed to have said: which, under modern conditions, cannot be forced into action, is a Just a little straw and a lazy life serious handicap. He now realizes It's better than hard work with corn that a quotation from the Koran will not suffice to clinch all his rife. arguments and, that the world he now lives in is too heavy to rest on A favorable climate, coupled to a such a flimsy foundation. rich soil, enables the Arab to ex- tract a living from the land with So he attempts a blending of the minimum of effort. He lives Christianity and Mohammedanism. in a thatched hut or a tent, has no He fasts in Ramadan and shows agricultural implements beyond a his sympathy with the Christians wooden plough and a hoe, builds no storehouses, provides no means of shelter for his animals. The greatest pleasure life can offer him

is just to be allowed "to sleep out say we have come to teach them th~ this great gap of time." way of God, they dismiss it as an Morocco is an agricultural coun- idle gesture. Their own selfishness try; its riches are bound up with has deprived them of the capacity the soil and, if genuine progress is to believe that anyone would step to be made, these Arabs, who form across the pathway to help them the great bulk of the population, save for gain. There seems to be must be lured from their laziness no sensitive surface upon which to by some kind of bait. Conse- make an impression. The readers quently the authorities have set up, among these Arabs are not more in various parts of the country, than three per cent, there is no model farms, worked by Europeans wide field therefore, for the dis- and supported by all the equipment tribution of literature. Another attached to scientific farming. It drawback is that a number of men was believed that the Arabs, on who read classical Arabic easily seeing the well-kept g r 0 u n d, and fluently, have only a hazy idea groomed horses and bumper har- of its meaning. The meaning of vests, would emulate these efforts; words and the interpretation to be the necessary equipment to be sup- placed upon them is a task for the plied on credit. The Lurmise was learned ulamas. The belief pre- wrong for, while a few erected vails that the reading of the Koran, stone dwellings and brought the without necessarily understanding iron plough into action, the vast it, is a highly meritorious exercise.

majority refused to be stampeded These people do not like hard out of their easy-going ways and work, and neither do they like hard hoary methods by the hope of gain thinking. Their minds are cast iJ1 that might melt away in heavier a mould; they are like water con- taxation. fined to a pipe, not like the river There are no missionaries living that overflows its banks and breaks among these Arabs but by car, into new territory. For them the mule and cycle visits are made to earth is flat; "falling stars" are the villages and country markets. devils being thrown down from The Arabs treat the missionary in heaven. It is obvious, therefore, the same way as a group of expert that to get these people to grasp astronomers would treat a boy the details of any religion but their who, after studying a primer on own, is a task calling for un- astronomy, informed them that limited patience. I once tried them their facts about the heavens are -I was young then-with an argu- faulty. Every revelation given to ment for the historical trustworthi- man up to the time of Mohammed ness of the gospels; it was an over- is considered at best a preface; to whelming puzzle.

him was given a book stamped with Of course if one's aim was to finality. Those therefore who cling write a glowing report instead of to the older revelation and reject a true one that faces the facts, what they believe to be the last and isolated gatherings where Arabs greatest of all revelations, have have taken the message seriously only a superficial knowledge of could be used to fill pages, as could things eternal and unseen. When also the stories of individual cases we pitch our tent among them they where one has had reasonable believe we are on holiday; if we ground to believe that Christ was

MOROCCO BOYS AND GIRLS AT THE MAZAGAN SCHOOL accepted according to their ca- is a fact beyond dispute that the pacity to understand Him. But majority of the people have neither these are like cases in the desert of met a Christian missionary nor a barren land. heard his message.

At present we have only mis- The Berbers (or Shluh) were sionaries enough to occupy the the aboriginal occupants of Motowns, and these can leave their rocco. Their lineage has been work only on rare occasions to visit traced back to Canaan, but phithe country. To attempt the evan- lologists are not agreed on this gelization of Morocco with the point. Under pressure of the vicmeans now at our disposal is as torious hosts of Arabs many of likely to be successful as an effort the Berbers living in the plains to irrigate all Africa from the embraced Mohammedanism. The waters of the Nile. rapacity of their conquerors, how- ever, became intolerable and grad- Ships have passed down the west ually they withdrew to the mouncoast of Africa during the last fifty tainous regions, where they have years, carrying missionaries to remained ever since. Living as Nigeria, the Congo, the Cameroons they do away in the Riff and Atlas, and Angola, but few have felt the no census has ever been taken of tug toward Moorish territory. the population, but a rough estimate Yet, here is a country four days' places the figure at two millions. journey from London, not white When the French protectorate was unto harvest, but rather, waiting established over Morocco, the counfor the plough to turn its soil. It

try from Agadir southwards was Unfortunately, it was discovered closed to Europeans. Previous to that the work of some of these men the establishment of these restric- was not quite free from unsavory tions a few missionaries had made features and was abandoned until excursions into Shluh territory but such time as their efforts can be were never able to make a pro- brought under the control of some longed stay. The Caids of the missionary living in the district.

various districts they pas sed Steps are likely to be taken soon through were suspicious 'Of their to open up the country to civiliza- motives and, tribesmen being fa- tion and commerce. It is generally natical, could not be trusted unless believed to be rich in minerals and these Caids would guarantee pro- many Europeans have their plans tection, which they would not do. ready and interpreters engaged to No later than the summer of 1927, invade the south as soon as it is a gang of these Berbers, in the dis- declared open. Here, it is to be trict of Beni Mellal, surrounded feared, we lag behind. We ought several Europeans who were hunt- to have young missionaries learn- ing in the forest and carried them ing the language and preparing away captive. They 'were released themselves generally for the task only after ·three and a half million of evangelizing these people; and francs had been paid as a ransom. yet, if the door so long barred and It was also stated that a gramo- bolted, yielded to the pressure now phone be sent with the money. The upon it and suddenly burst open, chief away in the mountains had we would have to stand outside, heard from some of his people, who through lack of men and money, had lived in some northern town, while others rushed in to exploit of this wonderful machine that the soil.

could talk. An English firm of There is something singularly gramophone makers on hearing of pathetic in the fact that small com- this strange request supplied the munities of Jews live in that mys- instrument free of charge. So terious district, .surrounded by there it sings away in the silence Mohammedans, yet still preserving of an unexplored district. their own religious customs. Most The language spoken by these of them have never moved far tribes is called Shelha. It has no from the locality in which they written characters but the lan- were born and have seen no more guage has this affinity to the of civilization than their father Semitic tongues that all its sounds Abraham saw. Undoubtedly, they can be expressed by Arabic letters. are about to emerge from their The only part of the Bible trans- long seclusion and will be called lated into Shelha is John's Gospel. upon to play an important part as Several of these Shelha men who links between the natives and lived and worked in mission houses European traders.

made profession of Christianity Who, we wonder, will be the first and,after a sufficient time of test- missionary to stand at the door of ing had lapsed were appointed col- their mud-built synagogues, as porteurs to their own people. For they come out from prayers, and some years they distributed gos- proclaim to them this message, pels away in the Atlas region and "For unto you is born …… a Sav- made an effort to preach Christ. iour which is Christ the Lord."

PERSIA

BY REV. WM. N. WYSHAM, Teheran, Persia T HE Persia of today is un- tical about it. At least the survey doubtedly changing. There is in the hands of competent Amerare evidences on all sides, and ican and German engineers, two these changes are sure to effect, good harbors are being built, and and ought to accelerate, the prog- the first shipment of rails for the ress of missionary work. In order terminals have just been landed.

to understand the missionary situa- Persia is entering a new era of tion in Persia, one must have some easy transportation and a constant knowledge of present developments welding together of every part of in the country. its large area, and because of this, Reza Shah Pahlevi, the new kind- along with the security from of Persia, is a powerful and for- brigands which the Shah has also ward-looking man. He has his provided through his well-drilled faults but, on the whole, is making army, the whole life of her people Persia constantly more self-reliant and missionary work for them are and is developing as rapidly as pos- sure to be deeply affected.

sible her great natural resources. The Shah's energy is also trans- In history he may be known as forming every city in Persia.

"The Great Road Builder." Old Nearly everywhere one goes, the roads have been widened and made inhabitants point proudly to their suitable for motor traffic; new new public park and to a wide roads have been built across des- avenue driven straight through erts and swamps and through giant the center of the city, regardless mountain barriers. Sections of of former streets and buildings.

.Persia where untold generations The avenue is usually named for have never seen a wheel are now the Shah or the Crown Prince and blessed with excellent motor roads. is but the beginning of a new sys- There are now two good roads clear tem of streets which, thanks to the across the country from two ports automobile, will soon replace nar- on the Persian Gulf to two other row, crooked alleys all over Persia.

ports on the Caspian, and the Shah Teheran, the capital, is really be- himself has just completed a tour ing transformed. There is a per- of inspection of every section of feet fever for widening streets, and these roads. He is constantly on the new neat brick fronts to shops the move all over the country and and dwellings have changed the has the habit of dragging reluctant whole aspect of the city and viziers along, telling them plainly ushered in a new building boom.

that they must see the poverty and Hundreds of laborers are making decay of the outlying districts and a new easy-grade boulevard to the work out remedies for them, in- mountains to the north where the stead of writing letters from arm- summer colonies are located, and chairs in Teheran. When one sees giant passenger buses, operated by all this, the long-promised railroad a Danish company, run to all parts across Persia seems assured, of the city. One wonders where though most Persians are still scep- the money comes from for all these 433 2

physical improvements, but at least were completely under the power work is being provided for thou- of the ecclesiastics now welcome sands. Teheran is already being new ideas. The Persian leaders of called the future Paris of the Mid- Islam must realize all this, and per- dIe East, and Persia has probably haps the most astounding thing not experienced such changes since about Persia's transformation is the palmy days of Darius. the fact that the Shah not only de- But changes of custom are the crees such changes but openly af- most startling of all, and here, too, fronts the ecclesiastics without any the Shah is in the forefront. He noticeable resistance on their part.

has ordered that all men, except a As yet the women are behind the limited number of Moslem ecclesi- men and Persia still has the veil, astics who must pass theological but surely not for long. The de- examinations, shall wear a Euro- cree abolishing it may come at any pean short coat and the Pahlevi hat. time. Already it is understood -a stiff cap with visor much like that women who voluntarily take the cap of a railroad conductor in off the veil will not be molested by America. Collars so far are op- the police, and more and more are tional and only the most modern quietly doing so. If an alteration elect to wear them. This order has in the costume of men has been so apparently been obeyed every- revolutionary, what may we ex- where, though doubtless with sore- pect when Persian women throw ness of heart on the part of many, off their badge of inferiority and especially the thousands of former come out of their seclusion?

ecclesiastics now shorn of their A New Era for Missions garb and their former easy income.

Even from Azarbaijan in the It takes little imagination to northwest, always a contumacious realize that missionary work in province, comes word that, though changing Persia is facing a new the order caused serious riots at era. Will it be more difficult in first, everyone is now sUbmitting the future to proclaim the Gospel like a lamb. On the surface, a in Persia or not? Will Persia imi- mere change of costume seems of tate Turkey in an intense national- no importance, but psychologically ism which seems to exclude Chris- the effect is tremendous. Gone for- tianity, or will she welcome the ever are the turban, the ample Gospel as one of the great aids to robes, the green girdle of the direct her new life? Some of us at work scion of Mohammed, in many cases here feel we have strong reason for the beard, too, for a flowing beard believing that, because of the fun- looks ridiculous with the new cos- damental courtesy and good-will tume. All this means a loss of of the Persian people, something much that is picturesque, but it at least approximating the latter means also a definite break with situation will face us, though we the past and, most important of realize that we· must take every ad- all, a terrific blow at Islam and its vantage of present opportunities prestige, for all the past is summed before infidelity and materialism up in Islam. Somehow, too, the get in their deadly work.

new costume seems to give to men In the fall of 1927 many pre- a new feeling of liberty and desire dicted that we were about to repeat for progress, and thousands who the experience of mission schools

CHANGING PERSIA

in Turkey in the relation of our tory. Certainly evangelistic work schools to the Persian government. has not diminished and there is a The Ministry of Education had new confidence in us on the part made definite demands that our of government authorities, and a program conform absolutely with new spirit of cooperation with our that of the government schools, schools, both of which appear to that we teach Moslem law and the be lasting and which ought to en- Koran, and give up the teaching able mission schools to continue to of the Bible. While conferences lead the way in educational method were going on with the govern- and in the training of the men and ment, we faced a most difficult sit- women who will be the future uation. Some local representatives leaders of the new Persia. of the government proved difficult Powerful factors in this training to deal with and in December, will be the American College for 1927, three American schools in men and the Sage College for the Hamadan district were closed women, both located in Teheran. by government order and our The former is already an instituschools in Tabriz were kept Qpen tion of 400 students, including the with the greatest difficulty. Pros- preparatory grades, and owns a pects were' black, but negotiations campus of 60 acres, located in the continued, and after s eve r a 1 finest section of the city, immemonths the closed schools were re- diately adjoining the new Pahlevi opened and classes were graduated boulevard. It has a growing facas usual. Finally, just before the ulty of American men, though opening of schools in the fall of many needed places are still va- 1928, a working agreement was cant, one beautiful new main reached by which all mission building, and only one dormitory, schools in Persia, both British and crowded to the very windows with American, were to adopt the gov- the beds of students who have come ernment program after a reason- from all over Persia. In 1928 the able interval for adjustment. It two first graduates received the was agreed that pupils should pre- A.B. degree, and the class of 1929 pare for examinations in the Mos- will be larger. The interest in lem law and Koran in their homes, Christianity among the Moslem and the Bible was not to be used students is strong and a steady as a textbook in the classroom, stream of them confess Christ and though our schools were left free enter the Teheran church. In to use selections from the Bible in order to do its best work, however, all their teaching, chapel exercises the college is in dire need of a were not interfered with, and larger faculty and of funds for new Christian work among pupils could buildings and general expenses, go on as before. On this basis we for with its remarkable prestige, have carried on educational work it must keep ahead of the growing all over Persia this school year and educational program of the Persian pupils of missionary schools have government. the same rights and privileges as Through the generosity of Mrs. those in government institutions. Russell Sage, Persia will soon have There has been scarcely any diffi- a college for women as well. Some culty and most schools are having of the money left by her will for perhaps the best year in their his- missionary work has been reserved

for this memorial to her. An ex- everywhere the medical work is cellent piece of land has been pur- linked up closely with evangelistic chased in Teheran near the college effort. The C. M. S. missionaries for men, and ground has just been have especially emphasized this, broken for the first building-an and the churches in the south have attractive dormitory for Persian been built up largely through the girls. College work is already be- hospitals. The church in Isfahan, ing given in the Girls' High School comprising the largest group of Moslem converts in Persia, is a and when Persian women are really monument to this healing ministry. emancipated, a full-fledged college In the north, the same is true in with a beautiful campus will be Kermanshah and the shrine city ready for them. Here, also, in of Meshed, where there are no dormitory and classroom the Chris- schools, and Meshed especially is tian Gospel is lived and taught, evangelizing a large field by regand perhaps no influence in Persia ular medico-evangelistic itineratoday has greater possibilities for tion. Missionaries are thankful the molding of future generations that the science of medicine is making rapid progress in Persia than the new Sage College for and new government hospitals are Women. being established in many cities, but these can never take the place In many other cities of Persia, of those who heal in the name of mission schools for boys and girls Christ. Within the last week the are being conducted by both the writer has heard of two cases in British C. M. S. and the American the same mission hospital where Presbyterian Mission, which di- both patients used the word vide the whole field of Persia be- "angels" in speaking of those who tween them, the former in the cared for them there. One was a south and the latter in the north. Moslem woman who was com- Armenian, Assyrian, Jewish, Zo- pletely puzzled at the vast differroastrian and Moslem Persian chil- ence between her treatment in the dren attend them. Many will go mission hospital and a former exout to form the backbone of the perience in a Persian institution new church of Persia. Those who until an evangelist read to her the do not confess Christ will learn to story of Christ, and then the light know Him and will take places of broke upon her. The other was a leadership in government offices, Zoroastrian man who desires to bein business, in the professions and come a Christian entirely as a rein the homes of the country by rea- sult of what in his illness he exson of a more thorough training perienced of Christian love. and a higher idealism than those in non-Christian schools. At pres- An Astonishing Contrast ent the schools are probably more There are new opportunities for effective than any other form of school and hospital in changing mission work in Persia, and as Persia, but in direct evangelistic Persia changes, their influence work the contrast of the present should deepen. with the past is nothing short of amazing. To fully understand the Medical work of some kind is present situation, one needs to recarried on in all the fourteen centers of missionary endeavor in Persia. In nearly all of these stations there are hospitals, and

CHANGING PERSIA

member that Persia is 98 % a Mos- It aroused a furore of opposition; lem country, with all the fanati- he was arrested, nearly killed, and cism and intolerance that this finally taken to the border of means. Islam is the national reli- Mesopotamia and exiled. Later he gion, and freedom of religion has found his way back into Persia, no legal status. Men have been and only a few weeks ago sent the killed for becoming Christians in writer a telegram from Isfahan: Persia, in entire conformity with "I received Christian baptism Moslem law. Danger to life, inces- yesterday," with a Moslem name sant persecution, social ostracism, signed. A few years ago such a economic boycott-these are weap- message would have been refused ons to make the bravest quail, and at the telegraph office; today no it is no wonder that few have had one even expressed surprise. the courage to confess Christ in Such freedom is of course posthe past and that it has been a sible even yet only in the larger herculean task to build the Church cities, but the result of recent of Christ. Nevertheless, in many itineration to smaller places also cities churches have been estab- offers a great contrast to two or lished, and men and women have three years ago. Not long since continued to fight against these an attempt by missionaries to do heavy odds. It is no wonder that medical work in a fanatical city in one of the earliest converts of them western Persia nearly occasioned all, now a grizzled veteran of a riot; today an evangelist and his Christ of thirty years' warfare, has wife are regularly stationed there, always made the coming of reli- and are quietly working without gious liberty to Persia the burden open opposition. Several times in of his prayer. Surely that prayer the past, missionaries have been is being answered today, for Mos- ejected from another city on the lem converts are showing remark- Caspian Sea near the Russian able boldness without molestation, border, but a missionary recently though many of the minor disad- spent several weeks there with a vantages of being "unclean" still Moslem convert and had an excelobtain. Scores of former Moslems lent response to his message. The have insisted on being registered province of Mazanderan on the as Christians in government rec- Caspian shore, hitherto shut off by ords. Recently three of them, en- high mountains, has recently been tering Teheran by automobile, joined to Teheran by one of the were required to give name and re- new motor roads mentioned and ligion at the city gate, as is the the people seem positively eager custom. The names were 100 % for the Gospel. An American and Moslem-Ali, Ahmad, and Khaleel a Persian evangelist in November -and the guard nearly fainted last held regular evangelistic meetwhen one after the other an- ings for a number of days in one nounced himself as a Christian. of the cities of the province, and He predicted dire consequences the crowds of men who came were when his report was handed in, only limited by the size of the meetbut nothing ever came of it. Less ing-place. Nearly a score confessed than three years ago a young man their faith in Christ and most of belonging to a prominent family them boldly announced that they of ecclesiastics became a Christian. had become Christians. From still

another province in the east the testimonies from Moslem converts report has just come that the peo- are finding their way by the hun- ple in one of its chief cities have dreds into the hands of Persians altered completely in their attitude everywhere. The inspiring spir- in two years, and the itinerating itual pilgrimage of one leader in missionary writes that this is due the Persian church, written by to recent medical tours there and himself a year ago without solicita- to the Pahlevi cap and other tion, has appeared also in English changes of custom. He says that in The Moslem World and may the hold of Islam on many, many soon appear in an African trans- people is broken and that the peo- lation for the Moslems of South ple nearly mobbed him in the Africa. Most of the new literature oazaar, not because he was a Chris- is evangelistic in character and in- tian, but to get copies of the free vites Persia fearlessly to Jesus Christian literature which he was Christ, but a large part of it also distributing. On this one trip has the Persian Church in mind, about 3,000 pieces of literature and new commentaries, a large were sold or given away-l,600 of Bible dictionary, and a history of them being the Sermon on the the early church written especially Mount. These trips perhaps rep- for Persians are now being pro- resent the actual founding of the duced by the inter-Mission com- Church of Christ in the three cities mittee.

mentioned. To build up this new Church of Christian literature is rapidly Persia is the ultimate goal of all assuming a more and more prom- missionary work in that land to- inent part in the evangelization of day and every effort is being made Persia. Hitherto it has been im- to make the building worthy of the possible to print Christian litera- Master Builder. Probably with- ture in Persia and dangerous to out exception every individual bring it in from the outside. More- church in Persia is prospering to- over, until three or four years ago day, and though the additions to there was no adequate literature, its membership are still slow, they except for a very few important are steady and sure. The eloquent books. Recently, however, the testimony of the Christian lives of missions have cooperated in an In- scores who grew up in Islam gives ter-Mission Literature Committee the lie forever to the old saying which, through the generous finan- that a Moslem cannot become a cial support of friends in England true Christian. Some churches and America, has been able to especially are developing a spirit pour forth a stream of new books of corporate worship and a capac- and pamphlets just in time to cope ity for self-government. In sev- with the longing of new Persia to eral churches educated young men read and to learn new things. To- predominate and give rich promise day Christian books of all kinds of Christian leadership for the fu- are being imported without any ture. It is still most difficult for hindrance, and non-controversial young women of the better class to pUblications are printed in Teheran confess their faith openly, but the without difficulty. Thus transla- baptism of a young girl of a well- tions of some of the best Christian known Moslem family just as this books in the world, and original article is being written is an

CHANGING PERSIA

earnest of what will occur many resurgence of reactionary Islam times when freedom comes to Per- with a resultant persecution of sian women. This girl, who will Christians can only stiffen the graduate in June, was baptized backbone of the church. Persia without her veil and states that has changed too much to make any she will never wear it again. such reaction serious. To the eyes of missionaries there is only one One of the. most promising char- danger which might seriously reacteristics of the Persian churches tard the rapid evangelization of is their growing interest in each this old land after a weary wait other and their desire for church from the time it first heard the unity. All missionaries are heartily Gospel soon after Pentecost. That cooperating in this and are trying danger immediately affects the not to let any possible differences readers of this article. The in government or worship, due to churches of Great Britain and their own Church of England and America seem to be faltering some- Presbyterian background, affect in what in their missionary giving the slightest degree a future united and interest. It would be a tragchurch of Persia. In the summer edy if the home base should to the of 1927 an all-Persia church con- slightest degree cut off the stream ference was held in Isfahan, which of money and men and prayer laid plans toward future union, flowing out to build up the Church and in the summer of 1928 a con- of Christ in Persia before this tinuation committee of four Per- brave church itself can gain numsian leaders of the church, two bers and strength enough to pour from the south and two from the north, conferred together in Te- through the great breach which heran. Missionaries did not attend changing Persia has made in the the meetings of this group, one of dykes of Islam and win the Mosthe results of which was the de- lem world to Christ. Most of us cision to open in a city hitherto cannot believe that this will hapunoccupied a new work staffed by pen. Surely the church of the Persians only. Thus was home west has vision enough to seize this mission endeavor born in Persia. first great opportunity for the Gos- pel since Omar, the general and The future of the Church of caliph of Islam, smothered an- Christ in Persia seems likely to other Christian church of Persia grow brighter for every change in thirteen centuries ago. the new Persia. Even a possible I went out to visit the mission fields of Asia and Africa, a victim of the prev- alent American uncertainity. It had been bred in me, as in many, by ignorance of the life of non-Christian peoples, lack of conviction of the power of Christianity, and an earnest desire, above all things, to be tolerant. I was determined to eliminate "heathen" and "heathenism" from my vocabulary. I resented that "holier than thou" sentiments of many of our missionary hymns. It was definitely arranged that I should write a series of articles upon my return, which would indicate the fundamental unity of all faiths and endorse the idea of their eventual synthesis.

But the articles were never written, "heathenism" went back into my vocabulary, and the missionary hymns, for the most part, are no longer offensive …… It was not made a condition of my going that I should change my mind. But it proved to be the unescapable consequence of the things I saw and heard. Out where the missionary works, the Christian Gospel is a matter of transformation. People are not comfortable. They are dying. Academic zeal is not an asset. The Christian preaches a gospel of redemption because he dares preach nothing else. He is calle<l 1m daily not to defend Christianit}', but to test i~. ~STANLEY HIGff,'

SUNDAR SINGH AT SABATHU·

BY DR. A. J. APPASAMY, Madras, India E1Jgli8h Editor oJ the Ohr-i8tian Literature Society jor India SADHU SUNDAR SINGH lives spell on him and Sabathu is in his now at Sabathu, on the top of beloved Panjab. Everywhere one a pine-clad hill. From his ver- sees the strong and stalwart Sikhs, anda are seen the Himalayas, ly- "the first to give their lives for re- ing range beyond range, eternally ligion or revolution," as he aptly the same and yet ever changing. describes them. Not a hundred On moonlight nights the hills slum- miles distant is his own native town ber like mighty giants wrapped in of Rampur, in Patiala State. dark robes. The clouds float all When I saw him five years ago day long, forming themselves in- he was living in a house, bought to innumerable shapes. On clear with bis father's money, near tbe days Simla, the summer capital of congested and noisy bazaar, but his India, is visible in the distance, ly- health has been so poor of late that ing like a 'small patch dotted with he has had to move into this quiet house in a healthy locality. He has white specks. Sundar Singh's house stands by presented the house near the bazaar itself, hedged off from the rest of to the devoted friends who nursed Sabathu by the "jungles" which him back to life dUring a serious Sundar Singh loves so well. At the illness. The present house was the bottom of the hill is a secluded spot property of the American Presbywhere a hyena lives; this hyena terian Mission which has closed its prowls about the neighborhood at work at Sabathu and sold the house night in search of food; once or to the Sadhu for a considerably retwice its cry has been heard near duced price. Dr. J. W. Peoples and the veranda. The nearest railway his family occupy one part of the house. Dr. Peoples is a medical station is Dharampore, ten miles away. Sabathu itself, 4,000 feet man and works in the Leper Asyabove sea-level, is a small military station, and its barracks and ba- lum near-by. zaars lie beyond hearing distance. The only sounds heard here are the In his rooms Sundar Singh keeps occasional songs of birds and the jingling of bells on pack-laden a few photographs of his friends. ponies as they trot along a neighboring road. His love of children explains the Sundar Singh has chosen Saba- presence in his room of copies of a thu as his home because this was the place from which he began his popular picture of Jesus sitting work as a sadhu in 1905. The Himalayas exercise an irresistible fasci- with children of different races. A nation over his mind. Their calm and peaceful heights have laid their Hindu girl in sari is on His lap; A • Condensed from The National Ohrlstian Chinese boy, a European girl and a CallnclJ Revillw, March, 1929. girl from the South Sea Islands stand near-by; an African boy sits down in front and gazes into the face of Jesus. On two small shelves there are a few books, some of them showing marks of careful study.

Sundar Singh's enemies have not b een it po.mt out that, in buy- S OW 0 440 ing a house, he has not lived up to money as possible on myself and his sadhu ideal. During the week am giving away the rest to God's I spent with him recently (October work."

24th to 31st) our conversation What Sundar Singh says now on turned on more than one occasion renunciation is quite in line with on this subject. This is the gist of what he has been saying all along.

what he said: "My ideal has never As to whether a man following the been renunciation for the sake of Sadhu ideal should own a house, renunciation. There is no merit even if his health should begin to attached to renunciation. Every- fail, is an open question. In his thing in the world has been created way of life Sundar Singh is still as by God, and whatever God has simple as before, wearing the created is good. The harm comes, not when we use God's gifts, but when we misuse them. Before my father died, he wanted me to buy a house. He also wanted to leave me some money, so that I could have something to fall back on in myoId age. ,I said that I would not live to old age and that I would need no money. But I found, after his death, that he had actually left me half his landed property and money. The land I have relin- quished to my brother. With some of the money I have bought this house and the rest is in a bank. I· have written a will to the effect that this money and house should be used for missionary work in Tibet and in the Himalayas, for the education of poor children and for SADHU SUNDAR SINGH the giving of prizes for knowledge of the Bible. I have never asked simples clothes and eating plain anyone for money, but the money food.

has come unasked. It has been of Though the Sadhu is not yet great use during months of serious forty, he began his active career illness and consequent weakness. twenty-three years ago, while his But I am sure that, if I had not had physical powers were not fully de- any money, my loving Father veloped. During these years he has would have provided for me. The travelled much and worked hard.

disciples were not given any money At times he has been put to unusual at first. When they had learned the hardship and suffering. He has lesson that God would provide for literally poured himself out. As he their need, they were allowed to says, "It is better to burn quickly handle money. Such has been my and melt many souls than to burn experience. When I had no money, slowly and not melt any." Constant there was not one occasion when I public work is exhausting. On his had to suffer. I am using as little tours even the kindness of

friends, he points out, was killing, him in debate. He brought with for after a day full of meetings, him two or three people to witness they would beg him to join in some his triumph. Sundar Singh allowed social function and to sit up late. him to talk as long as he liked. The This strain is now bearing its fruit. quiet way in which he listened gave He has constant trouble with his the Arya Samaj preacher the im- heart. Sundar Singh is now unable pression that he was winning an to undertake long journeys and easy victory. After he had said constant speaking engagements. all that he wanted to say, Sundar His stores of energy have become Singh said quietly, "I cannot argue much curtailed and he has to hus- with you. But this is my personal band them as best as possible. His experience." Then in a few words declining health has imprinted it- he related his personal experience.

self on his personal appearance to And those who had come corrob- this extent-the beard has begun orated the Sadhu's words and said to grey and a bald patch has ap- that they had known the Sadhu peared. Otherwise he looks the personally and that all that he said same as before. was true. The Arya Samaj preach- But it is not in Sundar Singh to er retired in confusion.

keep quiet. The passion for work Sundar Singh is now spending consumes him still. His quiet re- some of his time in literary work.

treat has its carefully regulated So far five little books have been life. He goes out every month on published, At the Master's Feet short preaching tours. When he (published in 1923), Reality and stays at home he is busy with Religion (1924), The Search after prayer and meditation, correspon- Reality (1925), Meditations on dence, personal interviews and Various Aspects of the Spiritual literary work. His prayer and . Life (1926), and Visions of the meditation occupy a considerable Spiritual World (1926), With and share of his time. "Peace has been Without Christ (1929). All these the greatest tonic in my weakness. books are written with the Sadhu's Life is sometimes unpleasant on ac- characteristic simplicity and earn- count of constant ill-health, but estness. They have been translated never unhappy." This peace arises into thirty-two languages. Sundar from that external and objective Singh himself realizes that he is no Reality, God. "How, otherwise," writer but his impaired health and he passionately asks, "can this ex- the numerous letters of encourage- perience have continued with me all ment about his books lead him to these years? Several philosophers set forth in writing his message.

have been thinking hard for years, Sundar Singh writes his books first but have never attained peace. How in Urdu, and translates them into can the mere fact of dwelling upon English with the help of some the idea bring about such a re- friend. His latest volume tells sult ?" some of his personal experiences.

He receives a number of visitors, If there is any change in Sundar who consult him about their spirit- Singh it is a deeper absorption in ual difficulties. Once he had a the After-life. Thus he i1l giving strange interview. An Arya Samaj expression to that other worldli- preacher came with the deliberate ness, which has all along been the intent of winning a victory over leading trait of his character.

A TIGER KLOOF LOOM WHEltE AL'RICAN GUlLS LEAIlN TO

CHRISTIAN INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN SOUTH AFRICA BY REV. A. J. HAILE,* M.A., Vryburg, Cape Province PdUC·jPfll of the 1''ir/rr Kl(Jof Natil Jc InsUtution South African theory and prac- has yet said what "their own lines"

tice are curiously at variance in are. The merchant and shop this important question of the eco- keeper are certainly doing their nomic value of the native people. utmost to see that they develop While many white South Africans along their lines. Even the most are shouting that we must segre- rabid negrophobist admits that the gate the natives, even banish them native's money smells sweet, and to the north of the Zambezi or to all our pet theories of color bars, South West Africa, not one is pre- the elimination of competition bepared to dispense with his own tween white and black, the "keepnative servants in house, farm, fac- ing of the native in his place" and tory or shop. We say they must be so forth, are being ruthlessly kept in their Reserves "to develop smashed by the one inevitable ecoalong their own lines," but no one nomic law, which is that money, • Tht~ '''Titer of thiR artipl" has to p1(,:111 trade and commerce know no color i.L:1l0rnlle~ of nllY fir~L-llfllUl kllowll::'dge of Afrie~l Borth (,f the ZHmhp7.i, hut wHlliu the terJ"itorh'~ bar.

Ilf the Uuioll , the adjae(>Jlt. l'rotectOl'utcs, ~JH~ Below the surface great forces Southern Rhouesia. uf wInch he hl~S. falrl) intimate knowlt~dge, ample opportuIllties ~r(' provided for studying itt part10 the ~ndu8trltll are at work, of far greater import . «3 problems that either exist today or Wlll emer~c than Acts of Parliament, and these verY soon in other part-s of Africa.-A. J. H.

forces we are beginning to under- sees that the white man, say in the stand. We owe much to the Eco- mining industry, believes that the nomic and Wages Commission of native, as he progresses, will be 1925, whose report is not very prepared to do the same work as widely known, but whose findings he does at substantially lower are guiding the policy of even re- wages, thereby lowering the whole luctant legislators. We also owe white standard of living. The naan immense debt to the J ohannes- tive on the other hand is conscious burg Joint Council of Europeans of his own growing ability to do and Natives. A few simple facts much the same work as the white are emerging, so simple that we man. He resents the barriers to wonder we have ever gone against his progress; he seeks to organize them. They are such facts as his fellows in an Industrial these-that the higher the native and Commercial Workers' Union. develops, the greater will be the "There is substance," says Mr. opportunities for white civilization Butler "in both the white man's itself, that in the natives we have fear and in the native's grievance." millions of potential consumers, That is where the problem lies: that from the economic standpoint we have to seek for a modus coit pays to, give the natives as much operandi. Mr. Butler sees no royal education as they can reasonably road to a solution, but he does see, take, because (on the most mate- for one thing, that things must be rialistic basis) if they cannot be done both on the land and in the trained to earn a decent living, cities. We believe that agrarian they cannot consume the white reform is essential, and this must man's goods. It is also becoming include the parcelling-out of land apparent that the native must re- to native tenant farmers, to take ceive greater remuneration for his the place of the now dead and alwork. In South Africa we have most buried policy of segregation. been fighting against these "nat- Also we have to bear in mind that ural" laws and we are now begin- in spite of all color bars which the ning to see the folly of it. Civili- Government and public opinion zation is one and our job is so to may seek to impose, the capable educate the native that he may be native industrial worker will althe best possible citizen of the ways be sure of his job. The state. I emphasize the economic Wages Board is also tackling the aspect in particular, because that is problem and its chairman has said what this paper deals with. The "Industry has been organized with Economic and Wages Commission the native as an established factor Report states "The ultimate des- in it. Economic laws apply to him tiny of the majority of native just as much as they do to Euro- peans, and it would be idle to try people is to be absorbed in and as- and isolate him economiCally from similated to the economic system the European worker." which Europeans have introduced." The Filling In of the Gap Another friend of South Africa has recently been studying our One of the great problems in problems-Mr. Butler, Deputy Di- South Africa today is the filling in rector of the International Labor of the gap between skilled and un- Office at Geneva, and he, too, has skilled labor. It is entirely neceshelped to clarify our thinking. He

CHRISTIAN INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN SOUTH AFRICA

sary to fix steps that will enable God, so that his life may be lived natives to pass from one stage to to the glory of God. The various the other. Generally speaking, means of developing his manhood Europeans start on the higher and his usefulness must then be grade. sought out, and from the industrial It is in this particular sphere, in point of view we must ever, if we the no-man's-land between skilled view Africa as a whole, give first and unskilled labor, that I see a place to agricultural training. The great future for the trained native problem of agricultural education artisan, supplying chiefly the needs is fundamental for all races every- of his o.wn more enlightened peo- where. Wealth comes from the ple. Especially will this be so in land. This is being more and more urban areas. Taxation demands recognized in African native de- work, for work means wages: velopment, and from several hence the drift to the towns where schools agricultural demonstrators great native communities are are being turned out. There is too, springing up. Under these new a response to it which is indeed conditions there is a growing de- encouraging in the more enlight- mand for an improved style of liv- ened districts of South Africa. The ing, and this IS the opportunity for Government of the Union, the Im- the skilled artisan. There is no perial Government in the Protec- exactly similar process in the great torates and the Government of Reserves, but there again the gen- Southern Rhodesia are without eral influence of civilization is to- doubt aware of the importance of wards the purchase and use of improved land and stock training European commodities. for the natives. Native agricul- Industries to the Glory of God tural shows are being encouraged and definite instruction is being Bearing in mind this filling in given in moderate methods of cul- of the gap, this building of a bridge tivation and management and care of capable industrial workers by of stock. If it is impossible at this means of whom the native people late date to add greatly to the area themselves will be helped to pass of native reserves, it is certainly over, without losing their foothold, incumbent upon the governments into modern civilization, we now concerned to see that present hold- ask ourselves-What kinds of in- ings are beneficially used. Again dustrial training are most useful? we would emphasize that in the It is still the privilege of missions last resort, there is only one kind in general to have a large share in of civilization in these matters, and the shaping and carrying out of to leave the natives in their areas policies of native education. Our to "develop along their own lines"

time is not past. Let us then lay would only mean, if it meant any- it down, in the first place, that the thing at all, a reversion to barba- aim of Christian education is to rism, to the lasting hurt of the discover and develop to their full- whole country.

est extent, the physical, mental and After agriculture, what ought spiritual resources of the native we to teach? Simple native crafts for the good of the whole commu- are not enough. European trades, nity. First and foremost must be European products, are in the the keeping of his eyes fixed upon ascendant. Moreover, the natives

themselves are opposed to the re- only recognized technical training vival of purely native crafts as be- ground is the Industrial Institu- ing an insidious attempt "to keep tion. But the teaching of these them down." Older native indus- trades is expensive. I suppose all tries of real value are being ousted the missions at work in South by cheap European productions- Africa would subscribe to the view clay pots, for instance, give way to that industrial training is of the paraffin and petrol tins and enamel greatest value, but, except for a dishes. few notable exceptions, they have Everywhere civilization is on the concentrated on teacher-training march. In our review of the eco- as being less expensive alld more nomic position of the native, we simple. Those who undertake to have seen that his developme~t is train apprentices are constantly more and more along the lines of faced with the need for capital out- modern European life and it is· lay and the handicap of restricted certain therefore that he will be at- markets.

tracted to those trades and crafts I have the honor to be at the which will most help him in this head of a Christian Institution developm.ent. Such trades are which lays emphasis upon indusbuilding, carpentry, tailoring, shoe- trial training, and there is no making, tinsmithing and wagon- doubt that the better we train our making. Motor-mechanics is no- apprentices the more likely they where "taught," but it has been are to work for their own people "picked up" in a remarkable and and assist in the process of filling rapidly increasing manner. If the in the gap and leading them across native artisan lives in a fairly to a more civilized type of life. backward native reserve, his labor We missionary educationalists are of whatever kind, is not valued in often accused of training natives money unless he is paid by the to take the bread out of the white Government or the Mission, and he man's mouth, but I would urge that finds his own people are the worst it is the master of the untrained payers. Under their communal low-paid boy who depresses trade, system of life, they are unaccus- while the trained native artisan tomed to paying cash to members wants above everything else to be of their own family or clan; but "on his own" and thus he matemodern living requires cash re- rially assists in that civilizing procmuneration. The greatest progress ess which means better markets therefore today in European crafts and more money. among the natives is undoubtedly taking place in the urban areas, A few years ago I undertook a amongst the more or less detribal- census of the fifty apprentices who ized people, where we find a grow- had left Tiger Kloof Institution ing body of native artisans. Where within recent years, having comare these men being trained? pleted their course in one or other There is no recognized trade ap- of our trade departments. The prenticeship system for natives in following figures of that census are South Africa. Many of them just illuminating: pick up their trades, as the me- 27 were working at their trades, at or chanic does, by contact with Euro- near their own homes; pean life, as best they can. The 13 were working at their trades, but

192!l] CHRISTIAN INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN SOUTH AFRICA

away from their own homes, in in- would be no sense in trying to ap- dustrial cenh'es; prentice progressive boys to such 5 were not wOl'king at their trades ; "industries." At the same time, 2 had died; while our industrial development 3 were 110t traced, is undoubtedly along EUropean lines, we must proceed slowly, Of the forty working at their avoiding expensive plant and matrades, thirty-three were "on their chinery, and keep pace with the own," or in company with other development of native life. We natives, while four were working should concentrate on those trades for white men, two for Malays and which are of most use. The nearer one (a colored boy, as distinct they are to the real needs of the from a native) for the Govern- people, the better. We at Tiger ment.

'l' HE NATIVE INSTITUTION, BUILT BY STL"DENT APPRENTICES, AT TIGER Kr.OOF The Method of Training Kloof are pioneers in tanning and leatherwork, for instance, and I Economic laws compel us, if we can certify to the value of this are to teach industries at all, to trade as being very close to native teach those industries which we life. The natives have always may call European. I see no fu- dealt in stock, and have alas! lost ture, in South Africa at any rate, innumerable quantities by disease for indigenous native crafts except and poverty. It opens up great as useful forms of handwork, in possibilities for them to be able to schools, for the training of eye and make leather and work it up into hand. Pottery, basketwork, clay veldtsehoens, sandals and boots, modelling, string-making from aloe harness and saddlebags, indeed an fibre, penknife and chisel work on almost unlimited variety of useful bones and wood, all these have an articles. educational value in elementary school work, but they have prac- In laying down the principles of tically no commercial value. There industrial education in ollr schools,

we have to correlate very carefully aim of agriculutral and industrial the educational and commercial training in those parts of Africa aims of the work. Let me take an where transportation facilities are instance from tailoring-If you at present almost non-existent, and turn out a boy who is simply a where markets are scarce? Why good trouser-hand, if you keep him teach people to raise more and at trousers day in and day out in better crops when already they order to fulfill certain business have enough for their own needs contracts, you not only make him and cannot dispose of a surplus?

dissatisfied (he has paid fees to be What about African girls? A vast taught his trade), but you defeat question this.

your own aim, for he goes out un- These and many other matters able to make anything but trousers are pressing for a solution. We and he has perforce to become a have only been able here to deal mere tool in the hands of some with some of the problems facing ready employer. But if you give us in the more advanced areas of him a full course of instruction in South Africa. It is quite certain his trade from A to Z, over a peri- that the Mrican is slowly but sure- od of, say, four years, and teach ly entering into civilization as we him how 'to measure, order, cut, know it. Though the influence of sew, tryon, and in the end turn a missionary industrial institution out a decent article and render a may be as nothing compared with thoroughly business-like account, the vast civilizing influence of a you have educated him up to his great town; though the influence trade. No doubt this means to of missionary teachers, scattered you a loss in the possible revenue here and there, may be as nothing of your tailoring department, for compared with the daily contact of you have to cut out piece work, you black and white in the shop, the have to stand the loss of spoilt gar- home, the factory and on the farm, ments and slow work, and you have yet it is indeed a great and chal- to release boys from practical work lenging task that confronts us, to and give them time for theoretical have in our hands the training of instruction, but you have the satis- the few who will be the leaders of faction of knowing that you have their people. Under strong Chris- not subordinated the educational tian influence, under the discipline aims of your department to the of a school, in daily contact with claims of commerce. Industrial teachers whose sole job it is to do training then must be definitely the best they can for the uplift of theoretical, as well as practical, their pupils-all this is bound to and it must be "all round." tell in the long run, and under the There are many other questions guidance of God, we believe we worth discussing under the head of shall find some day that we have industrial training, but space for- been able to build up at any rate a bids. We may mention only a few. few native industrialists on a solid What, for instance, should be the basis of character and efficiency.

A MODERN PROPHETESS,IN MADAGASCAR·

BY ELLEN GOTZSCHE I N THE Acts of the Apostles panies have arranged extra trips we read that the Evangelist across the long country road to her Philip had four unmarried little village, and hundreds have daughters who prophesied. Thus gathered about her hut. The coun- it was not unknown even in the try folk cling to her with un- early church, that women expound- bounded confidence.

ed God's Word and witnessed of In the Protestant Christian cir- the salvation in Jesus Christ. cles in Madagascar, she is regarded In far off Madagascar there has as a servant of the Lord-a proph- beel;l, during the last half year, etess, filled with the Spirit of God much talk about such a "prophet- and working for the salvation of ess." Below the awful mountain souls with an ardor and power Ambondrombe, where the super- coming from her inner life of faith stitious people say that the spirits in the Lord. She has a gift of of the dead ·have their dwellings, guiding, supporting and lifting up in southern Madagascar, lies a lit- which is truly a gift of God's grace.

tle country town. Here in an or- Ravelonjanahary lives like other dinary hut, lives a plain Christian ordinary country people, in a hut woman, now sixty years old, who built of sun – dried brick and from her youth has been a faithful thatched with grass. She rises up and respected worker in the Lon- at dawn, puts her house in order, don Mission and a friend of the works her little plot of ground for mIssIOnaries. She is little, but her support, and when she has fin- strongly built. The years and work ished her work is she ready to re- have marked her brow with deep ceive those who come to consult wrinkles. Her hair is gray; but her. She accepts no gifts or com- her eyes have a clear and penetrat- pensation of any kind!

ing look. It is a common belief, There is no fUrniture in the room that she looks right into people's where she talks with the sick. Only hearts and she has a peculiar a few Bible pictures on the wall, ability of getting hold of their some mats woven of grass on the deepest secrets. floor, and rolled up in a corner During the last few months the stands her mat which becomes her whole island from north to south couch at night.

and especially the capital city has A part of her work is done in been busy talking about this wom- the little chapel of the London Mis- an, Ravalonjanahary. The news- sion, only twenty-four feet by papers have published long articles twelve, where she can receive only about her and sent special corre- 30 to 40 patients in a day. A larger spondents to her. Snapshots have room is being built near her dwell- been taken of the crowds that have ing.

sought help from her. Motor com- When the sick enter, their names ~nish missionary contributes this in- are written down and they are tensely interesting article to the Danisk Mis- treated in the order of their com- 8ions1Jlad. C. T. BENZE.

449 3

ing, without respect of persons. tercedes for and prays with the Hundreds may wait for months, sick and sings hymns. She asserts before their turn comes. Small, that the angels sometimes sing poverty – stricken dwellings are with her.

built on the hill-side for the pil- Those present have reported grims to dwell in and here, even in that, at the time of her treatments, the rainy season, live people who the very air seems charged with in their own homes are accustomed power. It often happens that the to every comfort. They have come sick burst into tears and their merely to talk with Ravelonjana- sympathizing friends are deeply hary. Many, especially those who stirred. Many physically sick are had nervous afflictions, have gained healed, but especially those whose health of body and soul under her afflictions come from nervous dis- calm, loving and beneficent influ- orders. There are printed and cer- ence. tified reports to this effect. Others Ravelonjanahary always treats seem to improve at first and then to the sick singly and she is never relapse into the previous condition.

hurried. For a few moments she But it cannot be denied that, when looks into their faces with her pen- it comes to spiritual results, there etrating glance without saying a are many conversions, many a- word. Then she asks a question, wakenings of believers to a new sometimes many; but all are di- life, many workers who are seized rected to the one thing, that the with a new and burning longing sick should get a clear idea about for the salvation of souls.

their relation to Jesus Christ and A number of Christian ministers faith in Him. Only after that does from Tananarive, the capital, trav- she begin to ask about illness and eled to Ravelonjanahary and stayed tells how it will turn out. She near her for a whole week. They takes the greatest pains to assure observed her mode of action,took the patients, time after time, that part in her meetings, had conver- she can do nothing of herself, that sations with her and prayed with Christ alone can heal. Repentance, her. They returned home strongly confession of sins, a living faith in impressed with what they had seen Him,-that is the only way to sal- and heard, and new life started in vation both for soul and body. several congregations of the cap- Ravelonjanahary has a rare gift ital.

for understanding the character of Quietly and unassumingly this the sick and very often she makes woman leads her life and brings surprisingly clear observations in many to Jesus Christ. Once in a these matters, while quietly and While she preaches publicly and gently talking of the salvation of then she is dressed in a long white souls. Thus she leads exceedingly dress over which she wears the many from the life in the world to pretty striped native garb. With the life in God. In the case of the open Bible in her hand she bodily ailments she often follows bears witness to the Saviour. Her the Lord's example, to prove their entire activity is consecrated to faith, by sending them to the near- 4 His glory. She seeks nothing for est brook or dam and commanding herself. It is to be hoped that she them to wash the affected part in may retain her real humility until the water. As a rule she both in:" the close of her life.

OF' THE PIG~lIES"

A POLO was a boy in Uganda and tell your master that God's in the days of Alexander messengers were often killed in . Mackay and the early Ugan- days gone by, but it did not stop da martyrdoms. Impressed by the other messengers from taking courage of the martyrs, he, too, their places; tell him that I cannot became a Christian. His adven- cease." Then the king, in a rage, turous journeys took this African sent men with cords to bind him.

missionary farther and farther Apolo quietly asked leave of his west, till at last he crossed the captors to tell them about God's great Ruwenzori Mountain to the love. Spellbound, they listened; vast pygmy forest beyond where then they rose and cut his cords dangers and adventures awaited and returned, saying: "Apolo is him. doing no harm; he is only teaching The storm broke with a ven- the people that God loves them; geance. One poor, deserted woman we could not bring him."

whom Apo}o had protected, had be- Then the king sent his prime come a Christian. The priests minister, with a fresh bodyguard, cursed with terrible oaths any who led Apolo, manacled, to the other WOmen who should become king's quarters. There he was Christian. The king, a weak and stripped naked, and thrashed with vicious chief, proclaimed that he twenty lashes from a hippopotawould give a large present to any- mus hide whip. The lash made its one who would burn Apolo's house way through the skin and cut cruel to the ground with Apolo inside. wounds in his flesh. Weak, and Very soon, as Apolo knelt in sick with pain, he was driven to prayer within his hut one night, he his house, where he lay for days in heard whispers outside, and then agony. When he recovered, he the pungent smell of smoke came summoned the people again to the drifting through the walls. He small church which he had built. quietly prayed on. Suddenly there They came, and he taught them was a shout, and a body of men and prayed with them fearlessly as broke into the house, now blazing before. from thatch to floor, and dragged him outside. Spears gleamed in The worst was now to come. He the firelight, yet none laid a finger was once more captured and bound. on him. They led him away to the This time the king was determined king. "Why did you not kill him ?" to kill him. Lash after lash fell he roared. They replied, "We were upon Apolo's naked body, until at afraid." last he tottered and fell uncon- scious. Then the order was given For a time he was unmolested. to take up the body and throw it Then the king, urged on by the into the long grass of the jungle. witch-doctors, again sent men to "For," said the king with a sneer, forbid him to preach, or he would "if life remains, it will not be long be killed. Apolo said to them: "Go before he is carried off by the wild beasts." So the stricken, bleeding so~r.~;. O~~~~~r.oi9~~~ London Missionary body was taken into the jungle, to 451

be a prey for the hyenas and wild- reading the Gospel story to the cats. people. When he saw the king, he But they had made their reckon- rose, and, with a cheerful smile, ing too soon. The Christian wom- welcomed him to the service.

an whom he had befriended stole Then a marvel happened. The out secretly into the jungle, to the king knelt humbly before the lonely spot where the body of her Christian whom he had tried" to teacher and friend lay pale, mo- murder, and begged for forgive- tionless and bleeding. She knelt ness. He asked that he, too, might and wept beside it. It should at become a reader, and promised to least have decent burial. Suddenly, help the work with all his power.

to her intense joy, there was a Apolo took the king's hands in his, flickering movement of the body. and lifted up his heart and his "He is alive; he is alive!" she voice to God in prayer and thanks- whispered to herself. Quickly she giving. Praise rose from that ran to a stream and brought water grass-built sanctuary to heaven, to bathe his face and wash his where "the angels of God rejoice wounds. She carried him, with al- over one sinner that repenteth."

most superhuman strength, to a Before long, there was another deserted hut on the edge of the feast in Mboga, when "Tabalo,"

forest, laid a fire of sticks, and the king, became "Paul," the serv- with soft fresh grass made a rough ant of God.

bed for him. Then she went A new church was soon built, stealthily to her own hut and for the people in scores were be- fetched food and water and fire. coming Christians; and when For many a long week in that Apolo called for volunteers for lonely hut she tended him secretly missionary work among the pyg- and carefully like a child, till grad- mies of the dark forest, they readi- ually his dreadful wounds were ly came forward. The pygmies healed, and his strength slowly re- know now of One kinder and bet- turned. When he was quite well ter than the cruel, strong "spirit again, he told her he must go back of the forest" who was worshipped and preach to the people once with offerings of honey and fruit more. She besought him with tears and meat in the hut-temples of the to fly secretly from Mboga. But deep forest fastness.

that was not Apolo's way.

One day he made a dramatic ap- Canon Apolo Kivebulaya (for he pearance in the village church, is now a Canon of the Church of calling the people to worship by England) is an old man, and beating the church drum which had known throughout all the Uganda so long been silent. There was no Church as a leader and a saint, but mistaking that sound. The whole he is today as humble and un- place was soon in a ferment. spoiled, cheery and unselfish as in "Apolo is risen from the dead," the day when he trudged up the was the cry. The king, trembling mountain-side of the Everest of with fear, wrapped his cloak a- Central Africa, with his knapsack round him and set out to the on his back, Christ at his side, and church to know the truth. He the great missionary adventure found everything as in the old still ahead of him in the dark pyg- days. Apolo, book in hand, sat my forest.

A CHURCH THAT IS NEEDED IN HAVANA

rrhe proposed Ullion Church blliluillg for the Christian worship and activities of . Evangelical foreign l'esidents ill I-Iavuuu TWO PATHS IN CUBA BY J. E. BUDD, New York "Moonlight, music, a fountain playing, live a group of American and Engflamingoes among the roses–where more lish boys and girls and business romance than the Casino Garden?" ….. men and women, their lives cast in a sunny but very tempestuous place "Free beverages distributed at shady morally. tables make the brilliant Tropical Gardens a pleasant place to linger." The appeal to the senses is so evident in Cuba and the tempta- "Connoisseurs of horse-racing turn tions are so glaring that it is out in full force for a thrilling contest strange that so little attention is of thoroughbreds under tropic skies." paid to the small handful of Chris- tians who are upholding higher "There is formal dancing at night in standards in the Union Church of the Casino, or you may choose to try Havana. In the mind of the Cuban, your luck at one of Havana's gaming the influence of an outstanding tables. A swift match of Jai-Alai, the Christian business man is of even Cuban national indoor sport, is exciting greater importance than that of a to watch and later you may like to look mission worker. Temptations are in at the famous 'Sloppy Joe's' and drink theirs in no abstract way. One has an El Presidente cocktail or sip a Da- only to pick up any folder describquin'i on one of the smart hotel roof ing this island to realize that it gardens."

T HESE are not advertisements for 1890 in the southern States but an attempt in 1929 to draw crowds to Cuba-two hours by airplane from Florida. The ap- peal is increasingly developed as means much for the boys and girls more and more money is being of the Union Church to devote spent on advertising for the tourist three hours every Sunday to defi- trade. In the midst of such a life nite Christian work. It means 453

definitely that they have chosen to together. Large publicity schemes be on the Lord's side. Christianity are at work to make Havana a sec- is no passive thing with them; they ond Monte Carlo. The Christian must definitely choose to spend forces in Cuba, foreign as well as time in ways that make for the for- native, cannot afford to slacken mation of the best habits. To them their efforts or to loose their hold; religious services and the work of they must roll up their sleeves and the Church is not sentimental talk, work hard for the moral and spir- not something into which they itual development of Cuba.

have drifted-but a reality. In 1925 the Union Church in The road to the Cuban Vanity Havana, seeing the need for new Fair leads on Sundays and in facilities, took an option on lots in leisure hours to swimming in one of the best residential sections waters of a lapis-lazuli hue, trop- of the city, in the center of the ical foliage, tennis, horse-racing, English-speaking population. The golf, dancing, drinking, gambling building program calls for three –a strange mixture of innocent units – a church, a community enjoyment and insidious vices, all building, and a minister's resi- surrounded by that charm of the dence. The money must be on tropics which holds a fascination hand for each separate unit before for wayfarers in a strange land. it is erected. Beauty is combined The other road is more difficult with efficiency, in order that the but it offers a challenge to mind work of the church may compare and spirit. Sunday is given over well with other work in the city, to the development of moral fibre, to hold the respect of Havana resi- worship of God and the teaching dents and tourists. Already $85,- of others through Bible classes, 000 has been raised to meet the week-day religious schools, and expense; the people of Cuba are young people's services. It is as making themselves responsible for though a voice said: "See, I have one fourth of the whole amount in set before you this day life and addition to carrying the running death, blessing and cursing; there- expenses. The Presbyterian Board fore, choose life, that both thou and of National Missions has voted thy seed may live." $30,000 for this $300,000 project The average business man in and others are asked to join in this Cuba is not interested in looking worthy undertaking. The Federal after his employees outside of busi- Council of Churches has agreed to ness hours. The way they spend cooperate. The Union Church of their lives outside is their own busi- Havana stands before the world as ness. But whose job is it to see an illustration of practical church that these young people are sur- comity. It is a real piece of inter- rounded by forces which develop national Christian friendship, a character? If thii' is neglected, veritable church League of Na- other forces, destructive in their in- tions. Its membership includes fluence, are working hard to cap- people from Canada, Ireland, ture the youth of Cuba. Large Wales, England, Scotland and Aus- American business interests, with tralia, from Germany and the increasing financial resources, are United States, Argentine Republic, backing the racing and the games France and Holland, from Spain, of chance which are closely linked Russia, Syria, Persia and China as

TWO PATHS IN CUBA

well as South America and Turkey. business man or woman, young Mr. Chappel, pastor of the church, man or woman away from home one day entered the room used by who either loses this habit or fails the Christian Endeavor to find to develop it, feels lost on his re- three Armenians, two young men turn to his home community. The and a woman, singing "My Coun- Union Church in Havana, because try 'Tis of Thee" with great feel- of its setting and the background ing. They had learned it at a mis- in which it is placed, pushes the sion school in the Near East. need of this emphasis vividly to Twenty-one of the male members the fore. It serves the Christian of their party had been massacred community in Havana but equally and the survivors, since they have those hundreds of scattered Chris- lost hope of going to the United tian groups in English-speaking States, are finding comfort and a lands all over the world to which home among the Christians of the Havana residents will even- Havana. tually return.

The Federal Council of Churches To the average American, Cuba recognizes that th~re is in Cuba no may mean only sugar plantations, up-to-date cooperative Christian absence of prohibition, palm trees, work-no union hospital, nurses' tropical climate or whatever may training center, no federated book interest the individual. To the store or paper, no union press, hotel men it means opportunity to seminary, school or college and no offer many physical pleasures to adequate meeting place for a civic the rich Americans seeking to es- or religious English-speaking or- cape the climatic conditions and ganization. The Union Church is laws in their own land. To the the firs~ enterprise of this kind in shipping men it stands for com- Havana, therefore a community petition in the growing tourist building will be erected first, with trade. To the eight thousand Eng- an assembly hall, dining room and lish-speaking men and women liv- adequate rooms for social fellow- ing in Havana, mostly young peo- ship under Christian auspices. ple, it means a land of milk and But the supreme reason for the honey with a great opportunity to Church is the need of a spiritual get ahead while living a gay life life for the English-speaking peo- socially but without spiritual re- ple of Havana. Worship of God straints. The Union Church of and strengthening of moral fibre Hava~a aims to offer a Christian in order to live a Christian life is home to the American and English the chief aim of the Union Church people in Havana, helping them to in Havana. Worship with a group avoid the pitfalls and temptations of people to whom one feels a nat- and to develop strength of char- ural kinship is of great value to the acter and usefulness in Christian individual and to society. The service.

~~I PRAYED to God to take me and use me. He lifted me up and showed me the world. I saw oceans separating different countries, different colors of skin separating people; but to God the world . was one big ball. There were no differences to him. I learned to love the whole world, because I saw I was a citizen not of one country but of the whole wide world."-Mrs. Sugino. (Woman's Missiooory Friend.)

BAINBRIDGE-MISSIONARY

BY REV. A. H. McKINNEY, D.D., New York ~"'uperint('ndcnt of the New York CUy JrIissiQ11. Society I NA VERY marked degree Mrs. foreign mission work. She visited Lucy Seaman Bainbridge was a many parts of the United States and world-wide missionary. Her in- was very active in stimulating interest terest in foreign missions was not among young women going out in misonly extended, but very intense and sion work to devote their lives to the prolonged until the end of her earthly Master's service at home and abroad. pilgrimage on November 17, 1928, in her 88th year. Her devotion to her When more than seventy years of country was also intense and the riches age she again traveled around the of her varied experiences and the cli- world through Japan, China and across max of her eventful life were devoted the Trans-Siberian r ail r 0 a d, and to City Mission work. brought back a new message which she put into her book, "Jewels from In the enthusiasm of youth, at the the Orient." call of her country, Lucy Seaman volunteered as a war nurse. During the But Mrs. Bainbridge will be remem- Civil War, at City Point and other bered longest as a leader in City Misgreat battlefields, she helped care for sions. With her husband she engaged wounded soldiers behind the lines. in this work in Brooklyn where she Since her birthplace was Cleveland, was the organizer and later a developer Ohio, and her childhood and early girl- of the Woman's Branch of the Brooklyn hood days had been spent there, she City Mission Society. This was a was known as Sister Ohio. While preparation for the more difficult posinursing the wounded, she made the tion of Superintendent of the Womacquaintance of the honored Clara an's Branch of the New YQrk City Barton and of the revered Abraham Mission Society whose field of opera- Lincoln, and later with General Grant. tion was then south of Fourteenth She tirelessly devoted herself to the Street in Manhattan. This densely welfare of those who were struggling crowded, polyglot district, swarming to maintain the Union. Later, as the with new Americans from many parts wife of the Reverend William Folwell of th'e globe, is the most difficult for- Bainbridge, as teacher of large Bible eign missionary field in the world. classes, as an active worker in the Anyone who questions this statement Woman's Christian Temperance move- has but to consider seriously the conment, she did her full share for the glomerate mass of denizens of this moral and religious advancement of section of the metropolis. Here are her country. found people of diverse racial char- acteristics, diverse tongues, traditions, In 1867, with her husband, Mrs. outlooks and ambitions. Here is an Bainbridge traveled through Europe, unassimilated mass of human beings, Syria and Palestine. Later, when many of whom are intensely suspicious world mission visitation was seldom of all those who approach them in the made, she took a trip around the world, name of religion or citizenship, while studying the progress of missions in others are radically hostile not only to many out-of-the-way places in Asia, Christianity but also to American in- Africa and Europe, to see exactly stitutions. To win from this so-called what was being done. On her return "melting pot" those who will become home, impelled by a sense of over- followers of the Christ and usef.ul whelming duty, she wrote "Round the citizens of our country is a task that World Letters" and many articles on would phase any but a stalwart per- 456 sonality motivated by convictions New York," is an evidence not only based on knowledge of the great need of her large heartedness but also of on the part of those to be influenced her tact in dealing with unusual sitand on a reliance upon a power that uations. Through scholarships, which is beneficent as well as omnipotent. she secured for the benefit of young To this task Mrs. Bainbridge set her- people, she helped many to become inself unflinchingly. How well she per- fluential men and women. Annie was formed her part is evidenced by the one of these. A teacher of marked following excerpt in The City Mission ability who had a criminal father, an Monthly on the occasion of her resig- artist, an exceptional teacher of nation as active superintendent: "Bot h music, an editor coming up from great by her unusual executive capacity, by poverty, a writer, a lawyer and an her skill with tongue and pen, and by Italian lad who studied the life of her indefatigable industry, Mrs. Bain- Abraham Lincoln at night in his tenebridge was able to advance the work of the Society to a position which it never LUCY SEAMAN BAINBRIDGE before occupied. In all these years her influence among the missionaries, ment home and shined shoes on a ferry among the supporters of the Society boat during the day, but who lived to and among those for whom the So- have the prefix "Honorable" attached ciety is working, was powerful for to his name, all bear living testimony good, in season and out of season, to the success of her efforts. She took sometimes with considerable sacrifice a pet·sonal interest in those whom she on account of iII-health. Mrs. Bain- endeavored to help, and she had an bridge has always been loyal to her abiding faith in God. responsibilities and has discharged them most nobly. . . . .. In recognition Enthusiasm is a word with which of Mrs. Bainbridge's services, the to conjure and many use the term Woman's Branch has elected her as lightly. Enthusiasm means God in us. Honorary Superintendent." This indwelling more than anything else is the explanation of Mrs. Bain- In her work as leader of the Wom- bridge's brilliant sUccess in dealing an's Branch of the New York City with people. Her body was the temple Missions Society for over seventeen of God. She was His agent. Through years Mrs. Bainbridge manifested unusual zeal, courage and conviction. It was in her personal contact both with the missionaries and nurses whom she led and advised and also with the people whom she helped that she proved that her observation was keen, her knowledge of human nature great, her heart large and her capacity for dealing with tragic situations unusual. While she recognized the composite nature of people and endeavored to benefit them physically, mentally and socially, she always considered the spiritual as of the utmost importance and the development of character as the end to be aimed at in all efforts at betterment. She put fit·st things first.

The story of "Annie Laurie" as narrated by Mrs. Bainbridge in her volume, "Helping the Helpless in Lower

her He worked and to Him she gave seventy, three published volumes, the glory for all that was accom- "Helping the Helpless" (1917), "Jew- plished. els from the Orient" (1920), and Shortly after Mrs. Bainbridge en- "Yesterdays" (1924), represent her tered into the larger Life, one of a literary activity. Despite physical group of men remarked, "Isn't re- disability, by correspondence and per- ligion a curious invention 1" Instantly sonal interviews, she inspired many came the reply: "If you had had a to engage in more enthusiastic serv- mother like Dr. Bainbridge's mother, ice for humanity. Among many you wouldn't say that religion is an achievements she commissioned her invention." A calm review of this life son William Seaman Bainbridge, M.D., of more than eighty-seven years leads to make a missionary tour around the us to affirm that she made God real world in order to give physicians and to many persons in various ranks of nurses engaged in medical missionary life. service the benefit of his long, varied Dave Ranney,* a young man with a and successful experience as a sur- nominal religion but no vital contact geon.

with God, experienced the truth of During the last five years of her Gladstone's statement that "It is a dan- life, the struggle against the infirmi- gerous thing for a young man to start ties ·of a fractured hip, pneumonia out in life without the thought of twice, a fractured arm, gradual loss God." Dave went down step by step of sight and then blindness, were a until he became a panhandler on the testimony to the reality and power of Bowery. After his conversion Mrs. God. Her life seemed to say to those Bainbridge helped him to get ac- nearest: quainted with God and he lived for My times are in thy hand, my God; I over forty years to serve as a mis- wish them there.

sionary on the Bowery. He was one My life, my friends, my soul, I leave of a great company to whom God be- entirely to thy carecame more of a reality because of this My times are in thy hand; I'll always trust in thee; woman's faith in and fellowship with And, after death, at thy right hand I shall forever be. her heavenly Father. In this age, when consciousness of God is becom- To Lucy Seaman Bainbridge there ing indistinct, what greater work was no end of time and beginning of could one do than to make Him real to eternity, for she lived in eternity for others? many years; when the spirit left the Mrs. Bainbridge profoundly influ- body, she merely turned the corner to enced her fellow-workers and those go into the presence of Him who died whom she directed in the manifold ac- for her that she might live with Him.

tivities of City Mission work, not by saying, Go, do this or that! but by SEVEN LESSONS ON CHRISTIAN drawing them on by her magnetic SERVICE power. Many, catching some of her 1. The work is manifold that every beenthusiasm, worked with her in help- liever may find his adaptation. ing the helpless, in strengthening the weak, in encouraging the strong, in in- 2. The work is committed to all that none may feel left out.

3. The work is one that all may be spiring the devoted and in advancing united in cooperation. the Kingdom of God. 4. The work is responsible and there- The geniuR of greatness is to refuse fore no one can shirk duty. to be a quitter, and Mrs. Bainbridge 5. The work of each is necessary and no one can with impunity neglect it.

was royally great. After her retire- 6. The work is distributed by the Spirit, hence no room for envy or disment from the arduous activities of content. City Mission endeavor at the age of 7. The work is God's work through us, and hence no ground for pride or despair.

,. See his :tllLuiJiogrllvhy; Dnvc Ranney. -A. T. PIERSON.

PROBLEMS OF INDIA-

BY MRS. WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN M R. SAVEL ZIMAND, in his 1925 that the crop yields of the recent volume on India, * peninsula were about the lowest of has admirably compressed any country he knew of." "Pre- into brief space an outline of the carious rainfall, excessive subdivi- history of more than three thou- sion of holdings, primitive methods s·and years. Weare conducted of tillage, debts, lack of education swiftly, but intelligently, through and sanitation" are responsible for Aryan invasions, Mogul conquests this poverty, in Mr. Zimand's opin- and the winning of the Empire by ion. But that India's appalling Lord Clive, to the reigns of the poverty and disease are due, pri- Viceroys, until we arrive, some- marily, to her religion, with its what out of breath, at the present cast-iron doctrines of Karma and day "Young India" of the National- Caste, no one who reads Mr. Zim- ist party. and's chapter on "The Might of The tone of'the book is impartial Hinduism" can reasonably doubt. and punctiliously fair, although it As he says, "one must know the appears plain that the author's essentials of the religious and social system of Hinduism to have even a sympathies are with the National- glimpse of inner India." A religion ists rather than with the British which kills desire, whose objective Government. It appears equally is absorption into the universal plain, however, that in a country consciousness, whose chief charwhere two hundred and thirty mil- acteristic is a belief in the transmilion Hindus worship three hundred gration of souls with all that it and thirty million gods, where fifty involves of fatalism and fetichism, millions of these are "untouchable" does not arouse in its devotees a ~y the others, where seventy mil- taste for practical affairs. A counhon Moslems are in more or less try in which two hundred and constant warfare with the Hindus thirty million people subscribe over such matters as music and wholeheartedly to the belief that cows, as Mr. Zimand says is the contemplation and not industry case, there is not much hope of an leads to attainment, will not go far immediate era of effective self- in the economic realm. government. Mr. Zimand gives considerable "Of Indian problems," says the attention, as many others have author, "poverty is the most vital." done, to Miss Mayo's "Mother The masses live in the seven hun- India." In his chapter on "Child dred and fifty thousand villages Brides" he regrets her failure to and seventy-five per cent of the distinguish between the marriage population depend upon the soil. ceremony and the final consumma- "An American expert in rural tion of marriage, the result of economy testified before the Indian which, he says, "is an assemblage Economic Enquiry Committee in of a great amount of accurate mis- .. Ilt'ving n~dia. By Savel Zimand. 8 vo. 300 information on the subject." At lIP. $3.00. LOllgmans, Green & Co. New York. 1U2S. the same time he admits that 459

"every minute that an unmarried revelations shall have passed from girl lives after puberty accumulates the minds of India's more progressins for her father and mother." sive sons, it will be found that her The attempt to prove by hospital delineation of "things as they are" statistics, in which Mr. Zimand is has produced a more profound and not alone, that the prevailing age reforming effect than a century of for first motherhood in India, missionary work. among the millions of young married girls throughout the length As for the New India, not even and breadth of the land, is in the Mr. Zimand is without doubts. The neighborhood of seventeen, eight- old hatreds between Hindus and een, or even nineteen years of age, Moslems are still smoldering, as is is to disseminate as grave a variety shown by the recent riots in Bomof "accurate misinformation" as bay. Gandhi's peaceful policy of that of which Miss Mayo is ac- non-cooperation holds Young India cused. Everyone who knows India in a humane but uncertain grasp. knows that millions of girl mothers A program of immediate complete in that land never see the inside of independence, such as the younger a hospital. Only the more en- and more extreme Nationalists delightened and Westernized and sire, may result in still greater those who are in the vicinity of the confusion between the warring elelarger cities, and those in very ments. limited numbers, go to these hospitals for confinement, or are at- As Mr. Zimand truly says in this tended by a trained physician. We admirable book, "Great Britain has are told that there are only 3,500 to her credit real achievements in hospitals in the whole of India, not India. But her greatest opportunity enough to accommodate even a still lies ahead." All who know and small proportion of the girl moth- love India must wish for her a ers in the villages of that vast area. triumphant liberation from the That conditions have improved in shackles of the past. But those recent years is happily true. That shackles are not primarily the educated and enlightened Hindus shackles of a foreign domination. have done much to improve them They are the fetters of a religious is also happily true. That mission- and social system which she has ary effort and a civilized, if merely forged for herself. For her own nominal, Christian government sake it must be hoped that she will have, however, been the main- not soon be "added to the lost springs of the reform movement, dominions of the British Empire." is even more definitely true. But that Miss Mayo is not very far A PRAYER FOR DEEDS wide of the mark when she sets the average age in India for first Grant us the will to fashion as we feel, motherhood as fourteen or fifteen Grant us the strength to labor as we years at the highest, cannot be dis- know, puted by anyone who really knows not merely the New India-but the Grant us the purpose, ribbed and edged old and still vitally existing "Moth- with steel, er India." It may well be that, when the first shock of Miss Mayo's To strike the blow.

Knowledge we ask not-knowledge thou hast lent- But, Lord, the will; there lies our bitter need, Give us to build above the deep intent, The deed, the deed! -John D'rinkwate-r.

A BIBLE CRUSADE FOR LATIN-AMERICA

A Movement for the Distribution of a Million Testaments in Mexico, Central and South America, and the West Indies BY GEORGE T. B. DAVIS T HE blessing of God rested need spiritual freedom. Most of upon the nation-wide distri- the 95,000,000 inhabitants of La- bution of New Testaments in tin-America are still groping about China in such a signal manner, in ignorance of God, without the that a campaign has now been lamp of His Word to guide their started for the careful and prayer- footsteps. Their souls are starv- ful circulation of a million copies ing for the Bread of Life.

of the New Testament in the Latin- A British Professor of philos- American lands. The plan is not ophy, who gave up all to preach merely to circulate Testaments; Christ in South America, recently but to water the Seed with such a declared that there is scarcely an volume of prayer that a great spir- anti-Christian book published in itual awakening will sweep over Europe that is not reprinted at the Latin-American Republics. once in Spanish in South America.

The darkness of the past centu- In spite of all difficulties there is a ries in Latin-America is due to great hunger after higher things their being deprived of the Word in those lands. of God. Four hundred years ago A year or two ago an American traveller, Mr. L. L. Legters, was Spanish and Portuguese adven- making a tour of exploration in turers went to South America seek- Mexico to discover how to bring ing for gold. Three hundred years the Gospel to Indian tribes that ago British and Dutch pilgrims had never been reached. Away in came to North America seeking the interior he came to an Indian freedom to worship for God. town and was amazed to find a church of nearly three hundred The results that followed the Evangelical Christian believers. two quests have been without a Mr. Legters tells the story of his parallel in the world's history. In remarkable discovery in The Sun- South America-there has been day School Times: spiritual darkness, superstition and ignorance. In North Amer- We were the first Protestant misica-prosperity has accompanied sionaries who had ever visited the spiritual blessing due to the open town. How did it come, then, that Bible. this large group of believers were Now is the opportunity to in- gathered here? Nine years before, an augurate a great Bible campaign old Indian had heard the Gospel while for the enlightenment of the Latin- ahwimayafrGoomspehlomine.SpSaonmisehonanedhawdhegnivehne American nations. After four returned home, a nephew who had hundred years of spiritual dark- learned a little Spanish, was }}ressed ness the dawn is breaking. One into service. As the old uncle heard after another of the Republics have the Good News, he would hurry with Proclaimed religious liberty, this thhime .ladAtos aa nreeisguhlbt ooufr tthoisshwaroerkittwheitrhe is only the first step. Now they were nearly three hundred Christian 461

believers in this Indian town-more have one.' When I asked how he than half of the village when we vis- obtained the Book, he told me the ited there. following story: 'In the magazine The British and Foreign Bible called El Mundo Argentino, I read Society and the American Bible an announcement recommending Society report many striking ex- readers to obtain the Gospels or amples of the power of the Word the New Testament in order to as- of God· to transform .and trans- certain the teaching of Jesus figure lives in Latin-America. An Christ. I ordered the four Gospels, experienced missionary says that which so pleased me that I ordered he has felt led to offer a copy of the a complete Bible.' His wife also Scriptures to anyone who was de- gave a wonderful simple testimony sirous of reading the Book. Then to conversion through reading the he made this striking statement: Bible, without having attended any "In every case the person who re- evangelical meeting."

ceived the Book has been led to In speaking of the value of Christ." spreading the Word of God in Bra- A colporteur in Venezuela, sent zil, a traveler wrote to the Amer- this striking testimony of the ican Bible Society: power of the .Word to the British Brazil, as a field for Bible distribuand Foreign Bible Society: "Some tion, becomes more and more attrac- two years ago we were allowed to tive every year. Its immense area adds to the difficulties of travel, but place six Bibles and twelve New perhaps there is no country in the Testaments in the Leper Asylum at La Guayra. Early last year Col- world from which there comes such a wealth of testimony to the power of porteur Rivera was permitted to the printed Bible circulated in advance visit this Leper Asylum with his of the preacher of the Gospel.

Books and to speak to the inmates. Dr. H. C. Tucker, an agent of He found that forty of them were the American Bible Society staprofessing Christians." tioned in Brazil gives a glowing The President of Chili, when testimony to the power of the presented with a copy of the Bible, Word of God: "From missionaries several years ago by the Evangel- of various denominations I reical churches of Chili and the Bible ceived striking testimonies to the Society, in accepting the gift said: value of the work of Bible distribu- "I am a Christian. I believe in the tion. Many churches, now vigordoctrines of Christ. I drink the ous and growing, trace their origin waters of the crystal fountain, not to a single copy of the Scriptures the turbid waters of the swamps. carried far beyond the range of the I receive the health-giving doc- missionary, and making for itself trines of the Bible. This Book a lodging in some believing heart. which you have presented to me The Bible in Brazil is good seed will ever be with me. It will be . falling upon good ground and my guide, and will be appreciated bringing forth fruit abundantly." at its full value." Millions in Latin-America have A colporteur of the British and never seen a copy of the Word of Foreign Bible Society in Argen- God; and multitudes do not even tine wrote: "I entered a barber know of the existence of such a shop and offered a man a Bible; Book! Mrs. Henry Strachan, of but he replied, 'Thanks be to God. I the Latin-American Evangeliza-

tion Society writes: "Our duty is A quarter of a million prayer to give the Word of God to the cards will be sent to God's chil- people who do not have it. No one dren giving suggestions for inter- can say that more than a small cession for God's blessing on the proportion of the people have production and distribution of the either seen or heard of a Bible. Testaments; for an outpouring of There are few children of school God's Spirit upon the missionaries, age who cannot read and write." pastors and workers; and that the This is surely the providential hearts of the unsaved may be moment to give the people the tender and receptive to the Word Word of God in their own lan- guage. Our aim is a continent- wide crusade to reach all ages and classes quickly with the Word, watered by a great volume of be- lieving prayer. The plan is to present neat pocket Testaments, through the missionaries, pastors and others, to students, officials, professional men, and the various classes who agree to read them.

Most of the Testaments will be printed in Spanish and Portuguese which are the chief languages of Latin-America; while others will be printed in various Indian dia- lects. The Testaments are attrac- tively bound with one or more pictures, so that the very sight of the neat little Book will make one long to possess and to read it.

Will Christians throughout the world concentrate their prayers upon Latin-America in order that a mighty spiritual awakening may sweep over the land? Mr. and Mrs. SON OF' A MEXICAN INDIAN CHIEF Henry Strachan, in an urgent ap- He conf.essed Christ nnd carries with him a peal for intercessory prayer on behalf of Latin-America, say: pocket Testament-the first of a million for Latin America Never before has there been such a of God and the Gospel. Send for a magnificent opportunity, such a wide- supply of these prayer cards to open door. We have reason to believe pass on to others to help in enlistthat God is ready to initiate a great ing believing prayer for these spiritual awakening that will stir the lands and the people still in darkcontinent, and which may really con- ness.* stitute Latin-America's last opportunity. On this prayer campaign to '* Tbe cards wUl be sent free of cost on apwhich you are called hangs, perhaps, the destiny of a continent-millions plication to The Million Testaments Campaign, of souls whose destiny is at stake. 323 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia. Pa. By MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions T HE spring and summer out-of- Youth is no longer responsive to "thou doors conference seasons are almost shalt not" and is demanding an opporhere; also, the mite-box opening time tunity to share in the responsibilities in many of the denominations. The of the church and her work, and is editor of this department has received very insistent upon having something many letters asking for suggestions to do. There are many neglected along these two lines. The major por- groups and families in nearly all rural tion of the Methods in this issue is communities which the present local therefore devoted to the consideration church leaders in many cases deliberof these topics. ately refuse to serve because of some personal, unChristian distaste. Many WHY SUMMER SCHOOLS FOR such leaders look upon their church as RURAL PASTORS? a seclusive society of saved souls and upon their church membership as a RALPH S. ADAMS fire insurance policy to be extended Today as never before the country only to a favored few. They in turn pastor must be a man especially have no hesitation in demanding suptrained for his field of service, for port from their denominational home many are the problems in the rural missions board to continue their selcommunity which beset the path, not fish and unChristian enterprise in the only of the church but of Christianity community, "in the Name of Jesus itself. Both have suffered greatly in Christ." the last quarter century because of These conditions demand the best the rapid advancement in the knowledge and application of the scientific type of pastoral leadership the church laws of nature as exemplified in the can provide; a leadership which has marvelous inventions and the modern been trained not alone in theology and methods in industry, agriculture, com- denominational programs, but also in the psychology of the farmer mind munication and their reaction. These and the rural youth, in the economic developments are inevitable and in the and social background of country life, direct line of progress. Unfortunately and in the native spiritual atmosphere the conception of religion as em- which naturally associates itself with bodied for the most part in the coun- birds, flowers, trees, crops and ani- try church program and methods has mals. The rural pastor of today must been antagonistic and unsympathetic know the great country life moveto this modern advance. Rural de- ments and intelligently make himself population has been cutting down a part of them. He must know the church membership while the auto- other agencies of country life; the mobile and Sunday recreation have farm and home bureaus, the commumade serious inroads upon church at- nity nurse, the grange, the farmers'

tendance. The children wish to attend cooperatives, the schools, and many the church school with their friends other agencies which contribute to the and playmates of the public schools. farmer's welfare. More and more we 464

METHODS FOR WORKERS

realize that we cannot separate reli- serve as powedul allies of the rural .gion and life, nor would God have us church. These schools reveal to the to do so for the peculiar talents with local pastor the possible services of which each has been endowed are God- the agricultural college to the local given and are therefore as truly spir- community and prepare him to become itual as teaching a Sunday-school class a spiritual leader in the whole of farm or performing any other specific task and community life, rather than only on the generally accepted church pro- in the purely devotional and religious gram. We need a ministry in the educational life of his constituency. country which will teach and demonstrate that Christianity i.~ life, and It should be one of the chief aims that as such the church is responsible of denominational and inter-denomifor determining and interpreting the national effort to further the developspiritual purpose of the various funda- ment of summer training stations for mental functions of society. In real- rural pastors. There is no time to ity, the rural pastor must be a rural lose! social engineer leading the community to a larger conception of Christianity A POSTER SUGGllJSTION I'OR RURAL in life and training local leaders. PASTORS The denominational seminaries for the most part are not preparing men AN IDEAL MORNING WATCH for these new demands. Consequently AND VESPERS the country church continues to be the stepping stone to the city church; MRS. W. C. MCCULLOUGH and therefore, the country church prob- MRS. H. C. BELL lems remain unsolved, the congregations continue to decrease, salaries are The general theme for the Morning unattractive and the vicious circle con- Watch is, "Following The Master," tinues. based on S. D. Gordon's book of that title. Select four leaders long in ad- Denominational and inter-denomi- vance. Assign each member of the national summer-schools in sufficient school to one of the four groups; table numbers throughout the United States card, ideal. The period should be fifwould help mightily in solving this teen minutes, not more. The six problem which demands immediate topics: solution. These schools are to be distinguished from church conferences 1. THE CHRIST WHO WENT BEFORE. and ministerial retreats for they are 2. THE ROAD HE TRAVELED. conducted on the same educational 3. WHAT FOLLOWING MEANS. basis as seminaries and colleges. 4. MAKING A DECISION. These schools should be under the di- 5. THE COMPANIONS OF THE WAY. rection of denominational seminaries 6. THE GLORY OF THE GOAL. and state colleges and universities of several states, using their local facul- The leaders use the selected topics ties and such additional experts as the but choose the scripture passages and curriculum demands. There are some determine their own form of treat· such summer schools but the number ment. is too few for the impact to be appreciable.

The summer schools for rural pastors are still in the early stages of experimentation, but the returns already evident make it obvious that the agricultural colleges with their department of agricultural extension 4

The general theme for the Vespers Hymn Verse-Tune Nicaea is, "My Father's World." Select six fine leaders. These are to be out-of- Bring, 0 Morn! thy music! Bring, 0 doors twilight services attended by Night thy silence! the entire school. The period, thirty minutes. The six topics: Ocean chant the rapture to the storm wind coursing free. 1. My FATHER'S WORLD–The Call of its Hills and Valleys. Sun and stars are singing, Thou art our Creator, 2. My FATHER'S WORLD–The Lessons of its Flowers and Trees. Who wert, and art and ever more shall be. 3. My FATHER'S WORLD–The Stories of its Lakes and ·Seas. Leader-We bring together three books 4. My FATHER'S WORLD–The Challenge tonight; the book of nature; the book of its Hidden Treasures. of revelation; and the hymn book of the Church, and helped by these we 5. My FATHER'S WORLD–The Beauty of will look at God's Great Out of Doors. its Living Creatures. Let us sing as an evening prayer the 6. My FATHER'S WORLD–My place in It. hymn verse on your sheets marked A.

At the dining-room doors hang two Hymn Versebig posters, each an outdoor scene. Have these so prominent and lovely The shadows of the evening hours that no one can leave the room without Fall from the darkening sky; seeing and studying them. The one at the right announces the Morning Upon the fragrance of the flowers Watch. The hour and the names of The dews of evening lie. the leaders are permanent features of the poster; a slit on either side of the Before Thy throne, 0 Lord of heaven bottom of the poster admits of the We kneel at close of day daily insertion of the topic for the following morning, this being beauti- Look on Thy children from on high, fully printed on cardboard to conform And hear us when we pray. with the loveliness of the rest of the (Tune C. M. D.) poster; this should be a sunrise or early morning scene. Leader-If I should ask you which chap- The poster announcing the Vespers ter of the Bible you think of first when should be of evening's calm. Its place your attention is called to the wonders being at tne left of the door. On this of the world God has made, which also the hour and names of leaders are would you say. Yes, the 19th Psalm. permanent, the topic inserted daily. Let us use this Psalm in hymn form. We will sing it to the old tune of If the details of this plan are sys- Aurelia. tematically worked out, the results will repay the committee. The method Hymnlends itself admirably to use in local churches. The heavens declare Thy glory, GOD'S GREAT OUT OF DOORS The firmament Thy power; Day unto day the story (A TWILIGHT SERVICE) Repeats from hour to hour; Leader Night unto night replying Thou who hast made Thy dwelling fair With flowers beneath, above with o Proclaims in every land starry lights, Lord, with voice undying, And set Thine altars everywhere, The wonders of Thy hand. To Thee I turn; to Thee I make my prayer, The sun with royal splendor God of the open air. (Van Dyke.) Goes forth to chant Thy praise, And moonbeams soft and tender, Their gentler anthem raise.

O'er every tribe and nation That music strange is poured, The song of all creation, To Thee, creation's Lord.

Leader-Let us think of some of the things of nature, that bring Bible verses to our minds. Will you mention some of these and give the thought of the verse, if you cannot quote it.

(N. B.-In answer to this the leader will probably arrange that some one in the group will mention mountains, HUes, birds, fishes, pearls, rivers, etc.) (a) The Mountains: They call us to worship-"I will lift up my eyes unto the hills from whence cometh my help."

1!J2!J] METHODS FOR WORKERS

They call us to trust-I<As the he pussell out or the hymn numbers placed on mountains are round about Je- :l chart or lwurd. so there may he little COll- rusalem, so is the Lord round fllSl{)ll and no culling for numbers. about them that fear Him." PRAISE SERVICE They call us to service-HHow beautiful upon the mountains Nott'–'l'he Bible verses are read, each set are the feet of him that bring- lIy a different reader, as the organ or piano eth good tidings, that publisheth plays the hymn softly, and at the close of the peace. I'i-'ading the audience sings the hymn. This can only be used by having song sheets, or by (b) The Flowers and the Birds: ~ll11stituting more familiar words. They remind us of God's care (Matt. 6: 26-30). A-PRAISE AND ADORATION UNTO OUR (c) The River, Clear as Crystal: GOD. The tree of Life; remind us of the glory of Heaven. Reader-My soul shall make her boast in the Lord. (d) The Sower: The mustard seed, the pearl, the Let such as love thy salvation say fishes-ten us the story of the Kingdom of Heaven; how continually the Lord be magnified. planted; how it grows; its value. o clap your hands, all ye people. Shout unto the Lord with the shout Hymn~My Father's World– of triumph. This is my Father's world And to my listening ears For the Lord most high is terrible. All nature' sings and round me rings The music of the spheres. He is a great king over all the earth. This is my Father's world; Sing praises unto God; sing praises. I rest me in the thought Of rocks and rills, of skies and trees, Sing praises unto our King; sing His hand these wonders wrought. praises; Soinmgagyne ifpyr aises with understanding. This is my Father's world; the Lord with me, and let The birds their carols raise, us exalt his name together. The morning light, the lily white, Give to our God immortal praise; Declare their Maker's praise. Mercy and truth are all his ways. This is my Father's world. Wonders of grace to God belong; He shines in all that's fair. Repeat His mercies in your song.

In the rustling grass I hear Him pass, HY'lnn~(Tune NiclEa.} He speaks to me everywhere. (Babcock.) Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God Al- mighty! Leader~Let us listen to the Psalmist as he calls on all of nature and on us to All Thy works shall praise Thy praise the Lord of Creation. name in earth and sky and sea; (Psalm 136: 1-9; 148: 1-6; 148: 7-13; Holy, Holy, Holy, Merciful and 150: 1.-6.) mighty; Leader-Closing Thought: God in three persons, Blessed Trin- God, that madest earth and heaven ity. Darkness and light; Who the day for toil has given; B-PRAISE AND THANKSGIVING FOR For rest the night. OUR CHRIST. May Thine angel guards defends us, Slumber sweet and mercy send us; Reader-Thanks be unto God, who Holy dreams and hopes attend us giveth us the victory through our This livelong night. Lord, Jesus Christ.

Hymn Prayer- In the beginning was the word and Now from the altar of our hearts, the word was with God and the Let incense flames arise, word was God. Assist us, Lord to offer up Our evening sacrifice. The word was made flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld his glory, Prayer, closing with the Lord's Prayer. the glory as of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace and Note-This can be carried out by hav~ng truth. mimeographed song sheets, or other evenmg and nature bymns can be substituted, taken Jesus Christ, our Lord, through from hymnals at hand. But slips with the whom we receive grace. song numbers and the verses to be used should Far be it from me to glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Children of the heavenly King, As ye journey sweetly sing, Sing your Saviour's worthy praise, Glorious in His works and ways.

Hymn-(Tune Beecher) Alleluia! sing to J eSUS1 His the scepter, His the throne;

Alleluia! His the triumph, Hymn-(Tune Ripley). His the victory, alone. Lord, my heart's deep, ardent feel- Hark, the songs of peaceful Zion ing Thunder like a mighty flood; Vainly would my lips express; "Jesus out of every nation Low before Thy footstool kneeling Hath redeemed us Py His blood." Deign Thy suppliant's prayer to C-PRAISE AND PETITION FOR THE bless.

CHURCH. Let Thy grace, my soul's chief treas- ure, Reader-The Church of the Living God, which is the pillar and Love's pure flame within me raise; ground of the truth. And since words can never meas- Christ loved the Church and gave ure himself for it, that he might pre- Let my life show forth Thy praise. sent the church to himself, a glo- rious church, not having wrinkle E-PRAISE THROUGHOUT ETERNITY. or spot or any such thing, but that it should be holy and without Readet'-I will praise Thy name for- blemish. ever and ever.

Far down the ages now, I will bless Thy name forever and Her journey not yet done, ever. The pilgrim church pursues her I will give thanks unto Thee for- way ever. And longs to reach her crown. I heard, as it were, a great voice of Hymn-(Tune Austrian Hymn). a great multitude in heaven say- ing Hallelujah, salvation and Lift we now our joyous praising, glory and power belong to our To the Lord of earth and heaven! God; for true and righteous are Loud our alleluias raising his judgments. For the Church, throughout the And I heard, as it were, the voice of world. a great multitude, and as the voice On the love of Christ she's founded, of many waters and as the voice In her fellowship is found, of mighty thunders saying, Halle- Love and service, peace and bless- lujah, for the Lord our God, the AlmIghty reigneth. Let us re- ing. joice and be exceeding glad and For the church let praise resound. let us give glory unto Him. And every created thing which is in Prayer, Hymn Verse; by one voice the heaven, and on the earth, and (Tune Litany). under the earth and on the sea and all things that are in them, Jesus, with Thy Church abide, heard I saying; Unto him that Be her Saviour, Lord, and Guide, setteth on the throne and unto the While on earth her faith is tried, Lamb, be the blessing and the We beseech Thee, hear us. honor and the glory and the do- minion forever and ever. Amen. D-PRAISE THROUGHOUT LIFE. Hymn-(Tune Beecher). Reader-Every day will I bless thee. Hark! the sound of holy voices I will bless the Lord, at all times: Chanting at the crystal sea; His praise shall continually be in Alleluia! Alleluia! my mouth. Alleluia! Lord to Thee. I will sing aloud of Thy praises in Multitudes, which none can number, the morning. Like the stars in glory stand, Make a joyful noise unto the Lord. Clothed in white apparel, holding Sing forth the glory of His name; Palms of victory in their hand. Make His praise glorious. Amen. While I live will I praise the Lord, I will sing praises unto the Lord Closing Prayer of Praise, closing while I have any being. with the Lord's Prayer. Let everything that hath breath praise the Lord. A MITE-BOX DEMONSTRATION Praise Him, ever, Bounteous Giver. Praise Him, Father, Friend and There have been many insistent Lord. calls for this demonstration which has Each glad soul its free course wring- been used at Lakeside School of For- ing, eign Missions, Northfield Summer Each glad voice its free song sing- Conference, St. Petersburg School of ing, Missions, Chautauqua Summer Insti- Praise the Great and Mighty Lord!

METHODS FOR WORKERS

tute of Foreign Missions, Mountain night some callers happened in and Lake Interdenominational Institute of the preacher and a lawyer fell to dis- Home and Foreign MiBBionB. With a cussing the merits of their respective few changes it can be adapted to use professions. My owner said, "This is for home as well as foreign programs. good. When you are through, every one will vote for the best argument President, stop, look, read! Here is and the loser will have to put a quarter the help for a mite-box program that in the mite box." They had lots of you have been asking for. fun and finally the preacher said, "Well, while my work is by far the THE PLEA OF THE MITE BOXES most desirable, I will admit that both are necessary. The undertaker's busi- (Four enter dressed as mite boxes. ness is better because of the doctors, Choose slender and /leshy ones care- you know, and so with the lawyers and fully.) preachers. You hunt up and advertise crime and we kill it." Everybody No. 1. Well I guess we are all here. voted for the preacher, so the lawyer My, how that mite-box secretary will had to give me a quarter. I was glad enjoy taking out all the nickels and it ended that way, for lawyers' quartdimes it has taken us all the year to ers are harder for mite boxes to get accumulate. than preachers'.

No.2. She surely will 1 I never No.5. (Limping in, groaning). felt so full before. Ouch! Oh, my poor side! I really didn't want to come, girls, looking so No.1. How strange it would seem bad and feeling worse. to be full. The little children in the famine sections of India are as well No. 1. You poor thing, you surely fed as I am. How in the world a wom- do look bad! What has hapened to an expects a mite box to live a whole you? Let me help you. year on six litle coppers is more than I can see! But it is not the thinness No.5. This year I went to a docthat hurts me most; physical hunger tor's home to live. Mrs. A. really is nothing to heart hunger. I am ig- meant well and wanted to treat me nored and forgotten. kindly. I was fed regularly and well, the first week. My trouble began the No.3. You would not say that if very first Saturday when the newsboy you were in my place. I am so full came, and I heard him say, "It is my sides are bulging out and my top twelve cents, Mrs. A." Well, she nearly bursting. It has been great looked in her pocketbook and found fun to be a mite box this year. she had no change. Then she came over to me and, being a doctor's wife, NO.4. Well, do tell us how you do she naturally thought, "Shake well it! before taking." She cut my mouth open a little farther, then shook me No.3. All right, I'll tell you, girls, until I gave her two nickels and two but I want you to know that last year pennies. From that time on, I was I was just as flat and hollow as any of fed just enough for Johnnie's candy, you. I think my weight is due to be- Mary's gum and Mrs. A.'s postage. ing well fed and carefully looked after. Each time I began to feel encouraged Mrs. B. was so proud of me when she I was shaken, shaken, shaken, until I took me home (heavy sigh from No. might just as well have been in the 1) that she gave me the most promi- Japanese earthquake. I did want to nent place in the house-on the living say, "Oh, don't you know when you room mantle. Then she said to me, do that you are taking money that smiling, "Little mite box, you look should pay missionaries salaries, build hungry. How would you like a dime schools, or provide doctors for sufferfor lunch?" Reaching for her purse she took out a shiny new dime and dropped it right into my mouth. My, but it tasted good! So much better than copper or even nickel. That very

ing children 7" Why do people have she just made an incision here in my no mite-box conscience? side and left me almost lifeless. I suppose having a doctor for a husband No.2. My family has. I really she does not consider operations serimean it when I say that I never was ous, but if she could see, as I can, the so full before. I know you never ex- little pinched faces of the sick children pected it, for I've heard people say and no doctors for miles and miles, they wonder how poor Mrs. C. ever maybe she would think twice before manages, her family is so large and taking back the money she had given her husband earns so little. But I me to work for the Lord, in· building never spent a happier year. Probably the King's Highway. All the year she I didn't have as much silver as some talked about reducing, but she likes to of you-but such a quantity of pen- eat so well that she succeeded in renies! Mrs. C. said, "Now I'll put in ducing only her mite box. Oh, if I just two pennies every Saturday could only have kept what she gave me night." She didn't fail once. That made one dollar. Then one day Mr. r should have been proud today in- C. came home sick. The doctor shook his head and said, "It acts like pneu- stead of ashamed of myself and her. monia." They were careful and prayed, and she took good care of him. r can't try again. (Heavy sigh.) In three days he was back at work. "Just think," said Mrs. C., "How ter- No. 1. I feel that way, too. Here rible it would have been if Jim had been laid up with awful doctor's bills r am covered with dust (tries to blow to pay." So she fed me a whole quarter as a Thank-Offering. Yum, it off) and if the preacher had not yum, it was good! Everything that moved little Jane's heart to the point happened for which she was thankful of giving me a penny, I should not meant something to me, so I kept send- have been in sight when my great oping up mite-box petitions for their portunity came. A neighbor came to continued success, for mine was sure pay Mrs. D. a nickel she had borrowed. to follow. I know so well that what I get goes to hospitals far away and Mrs. D. said, "Why, my dear, r couldcan help furnish doctors for little children. Just think of the souls and lives n't think of taking so small a sum; we are expected to save! forget it." The neighbor said, "All right, I'll drop it in your mite box." No.5. Ouch! Ouch! Did I tell you about my operation? (All act bored And she did. r was encouraged for and turn away, seeming to be leaving.) When I had been shaken until I was weeks. A whole nickel! Why is it on the verge of a nervous breakdown, that when a woman thinks of putting and had no nourishing food to build a nickel in her mite box she is sure me up, Mrs. A. started down town one she can't afford it, but when her day to shop. She opened her purse neighbor wants to return it, it is too and said, "Dear me, no carfare. N oth- small for consideration? I suppose ing but a five dollar bill"-whatever God knows. I can't go on. My heart that is. is broken. r am deserted and alone. No. #. Is that a kind of money? No. #. Cheer up girls! You know No.5. r don't know, but if it is there are two ways to spell our name. I prefer M-I-G-H-T myself. We are it must be foreign money. not so big but we are mighty. If we No.3. No, sir! For I'm a well-kept were filled with radium think of the wealth, power and healing we should foreign mite box and never tasted one. contain. We cannot have radium, but No.5. Well, anyway, she was in if we could all be filled full of nickels and dimes, think of the curative power too much of a hurry to shake me so we should hold, for that money can so easily be changed into these things. This spelling means so much to me. The M stands for money, I for inside, G for .flet it, H for hold it, T for treas- ury. The whole thing in a nutshell:

METHODS FOR WORKERS

money inside-get it-hold it for His women took "just because they treasury. thought they had to," the boxes that women were tao indifferent to bother No.3. MMMMMMMMMMoney! !! with, and all boxes that for any rea- How good it tastes (smacks lips). son never got back to a mite-box open- ing. I am the Mite-Box Ghost. I No.1. Yes, I imagine it would if have come to haunt the women who you could get it. have taken the lives of mite boxes. And if there are any here who do not No.5. What good is it if you can't come in any of these classes, and for hold it? If they spell it that way, I'll any reason do not need to be troubled try again next year. Will you? {turn- because they didn't have mite boxes, I am commissioned, as the spirit of lost ing to No.1}. mite boxes, to bring you a further No.1. Yes, for His sake I will try message.

it again. He was forsaken and de- Won't you, each one, as you take spised. I'll go on and maybe next year your mite box for next year, take it I'll be able to do more for Him. as if it were a new child in your home and your heart, and let it represent a No.4. But sisters, look! Who is little unprivileged child somewhere-a this strange, ghostly looking creature tiny Japanese maiden from the land of that has come uninvited among us? cherry blossoms, a Chinese girlie Unearthly as it looks, perhaps it can weeping over the pain of her bound tell us why it is here, since this is an feet, one of India's little girls with occasion when inanimate things have the fate of a child widow hanging over been given the gift of speech in a good her, or a kinky-haired African child. cause. (TUrning to the ghostly fig- And ever, as you drop in a bill or a ure.) Tell us, friend, why you have coin, say a prayer for the children of come, and what message you bring. the world, whose only hope is the mis- sionary mite box. And above all, dear Ghoslt {should be perfect in mask women do not fail to spell it M-I-G-H-T and sheet}. Yes, sisters, I have a message for these women, a very solemn box. one, although I do not believe that any I go, now, back to the realm of lost of this group needs it. But hearing it, they will arouse to greater effort mite boxes. Farewell. {Exit aU.} on behalf of the women who do. I am the ghost of many mite boxes-the boxes that never were cared for even at house-cleaning time, the boxes that MITE BOX OPENING SONG FOR JUNIORS Tune: "The Campbells Are Coming"-Scotch Air The camels are coming They're coming and bringing With us to meet, Our boxes of mites.

The camels are coming Our camels are bringing On tramping feet, The mites we are giving, Oh, they have been busy The mites for the children For days and for nights, In other lands living They're coming and bringing To keep them in school Our boxes of mites. And to give them some joy, The camels are coming, We'll never forget them,- Hear, hear our mites, Not one girl or boy. (shake boxes) (Repeat second verse.) F. S. H. The camels are coming, Hear, hear our mites. NOTE: The tune of "Lazy Mary. Will You (shake boxes) Get Up"/" may be used by changing last line of verse to UTbey're Coming and Bringing Our Oh, they have been busy Mites." for da;vs and for ni~hts,

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York THE WORLD DAY OF PRAYER between all the women of all denomi- nations. It may come later on, in In France the following letter was years to come. However, there is a sent to twenty-eight chief Protestant certain willingness to pray.

periodicals: "Yes, we need prayer more than anything else. Many Christians here DEAR MONSIEUR THE DIRECTOR: pray for a revival and for the out- pouring of the Spirit of God. Only a Some time ago I received a letter from revival can solve all our present church the Federation of Woman's Boards of and country problems. Foreign Missions of North America. The committee of the organization of this "Please give the love of all French Federation asks me to call to the atten- women to the women in America. We tion of the women of France the date of are thankful for your intercession and February 15, 1929, as being the day set your help in every way. May the aside this year for Christian women of glorious day soon come, where all will the entire world to be consecrated in be one in Christ!" prayer. May I beg you to give this attention, pastors and parishes through From Holland the following letter your journal? Thank you. has been received: In America, in each locality the wom- DEAR MRS. HOUGH: en of different Protestant denominations come together in a church, chosen in ad- When I received your letter (dated vance for these gatherings, and there July 26, 1928) asking me if I could hold various services, according to a fixed take measures to enlist the women of program …… If we are not yet so far my country for the observance of the advanced in France, we can nevertheless World Day of Prayer on February unite with those women through prayer 15th it was not the right time of the in spirit and in truth. year to begin such an activity. I put it off until autumn. Will not each pastor call together the women of his parish, either on the eve- Then I had a talk with the president ning of February 15th (Thursday eve- of the Federation of the Christian ning) or on the day itself (Friday), and Women's Organizations, who was too pray with them for all the work of home busy at that moment, but in the month and foreign missions. This is a small of November we started our action. beginning which with time can be developed and brought to bear lasting I wrote an article to explain the fruits. object and the method of this beauti- ful habit, and got the permission of I am ready to give you more precise the presidents of several of the prininformation on the subject of this day cipal Women's Christian Organizaof prayer if you desire it, and thank you tions to put it in different women's most sincerely for the good deed of these lines in your journal. papers, with their names under it. I translated the program you sent Very truly yours, me, adapting it somewhat to the needs (Miss) MARCELLE WALDNER. of our country, in cooperation with two ladies of the Federation, but we Miss Waldner says: changed as little as possible. Instead of the English hymns,. we chose those " …… you will be glad to know of our own hymnbooks, which had more or less the same content. The that our seventeen Methodist parishes little poem, made for this year's Day will remember the day, and do what is best in the way of meeting.

"This morning I also received the answer of a Lutheran pastor who said, that he would keep the day with the women of his parish; yet, he also is of the opinion that the day has not come yet to have alliance meetings 472 of PraYer, I translated, as well as two the program itself somewhat vague; of the hymns: "Where Cross the others wanted more singing, or more Crowded Ways of Life," and "The opportunity for free prayer. Next Church's One Foundation," which I year we can remember those wishes. specially like, and which were read in the meeting. The terrible cold we had in those days was a real hindrance to quite a As it was the first time the "day" number of people. I led the meeting was observed, we did not expect a large in my own village. As only thirty or response. In our country we are rath- forty women were expected we were er afraid of new things, and apt to be amazed at having nearly a hundred! a little suspicious of new methods. I had cut out in white linen the letters So we began with the printing of five of the text: "That They All May Be hundred programs. After a few weeks One," and had sewed them on a piece five thousand had been distributed up of dark red cabinet, which I fastened and down the country. The general to the wall behind the leader. With response has been such, that people some plants and flowers the small hall who could better than I judge of the looked quite attractive. possible results, were greatly surprised. I sent a letter, to all the lead- Now, all I told you is simply a token ers, who had asked for programs, with of how God works, when there are a five questions: few single souls who put their trust in Him. After having sent that small 1. Were the' leader's expectations jus- article to different papers, and written tified? a few personal letters we could only wait for the results, and when, in all 2. Was the cooperation general (dif- those different places, one or a few ferent churches) ? women dared to begin this work, they also could only wait for the response. 3. How many women were present? There has certainly been prayer be- 4. Did you, and the other women, agree hind all this. with the program? 5. How is the appreciation of the Now I want to thank you, that you whole, as far as you are able to judge? have put me on this trail, because I am absolutely sure that this activity In fifty different places a meeting will bear fruit in making our women was held. It lasted about one hour. more conscious of the great need of There are, in Holland, up till now, unity among the different churches of only a limited number of people who our country, which stand so coldly and are not absolute strangers to this way suspiciously over against each other. of holding a meeting. Our churches are all Presbyterian, long sermons, no Believe me, with kind regards, liturgy, free prayer, slow singing. A few of our leading women have at- Yours truly, tended conferences and meetings abroad, and have learned to appreciate (Baroness) E. VAN BOETZELAER. other ways than those they have been accustomed to since childhood. But WOMEN IN THE CHURCH we cannot change things too fast. And yet, the way many women from dif- The General Assembly of 1925 referent churches and walks of life have quested that a study be made as to the responded to this call, seems to me to place of women in the Presbyterian be a sign of a real need, of which we Church. This study will culminate in were too little conscious before. In a conference of representative Pressome places the wish has been ex- byterian women, called by General pressed to have such a meeting not Council, to consider the scope and only once a year, but more often. form of organization of women's work and their ecclesiastical status, with a There has been some criticism, but view to strengthening their service in it was rather kind. Some thought the the· church. The Biennial will elect following of a program too formal, or

from its membership delegates to at- "That wide publicity be given the tend this conference. program and materials of peace edu- cation, through denominational, inter- The Committee that is making this denominational and secular publicastudy in a report to the General Coun- tions. cil in Philadelphia included the following: "That a careful study be made by ministers, teachers and local commit- The question of the place of women tees on religious education of the purin the church was considered by the poses, plans and materials of peace General Assembly of 1920, at which education, and a particular study of time an overture was sent down to the their own lesson materials to deter- Presbyteries, the effect of which would mine the amount of peace material have been to make women eligible to therein and to discover ways for more election to the eldership as well as to effective use of such materials. the diaconate. The overture was lost. "That all denominational groups be It is felt by many that any pres- urged to include peace education in entation of the matter today should the plans for all future study courses." be in the form of some restatement that' would review the whole question Other helpful suggestions are given in with relationship to the thoughts and the pamphlet "The Churches and World tendencies of our own time. It is our Peace" which may be ordered from the conviction tbat there should be a very National Committee on the Churches and careful restudy of the whole question World Peace, 105 East 22d Street, New of the teaching of the Scriptures with York, N. Y. (5 copies for 25 cents.) reference to the place and work of women in the church. MR. C. F. ANDREWS The committee recommen(ed that Mr. C. F. Andrews went to India an overture be sent down to' the Pres- twenty-five years ago, a missionary of byteries proposing: the Church of England. For ten years he continued with tbe organization The removal from the form of govern- but with an inner revolt against the ment of anY' form of speech which is attitude toward the "native" that preinconsistent with the recognition of the vailed in many missionary compounds. complete equality of men and women in At length he cut loose from the orthe life and work of the church. ganization and living with the Indian people, working with Tagore and with PEACE Gandhi, has gained their point of view. They have appreciated his understand- The second study conference to con- ing. sider The Churches and World Peace was held in Columbus, Ohio, March 6- In conference with a group of mis- 8, 1929, attended by 124 representa- sionary board people he tried to contives of 35 communions and allied re- vey the feeling of the men of India ligious organizations. about things religious and to show the need in our work of "a clearer focus From the Affirmations we quote: on the main object of missionary ef- fort." He emphasized the following: We hold that the churches of Jesus Christ should be a mighty dynamic in We have not realized in missionabolishing Wlilr. War denies the father- ary effort sufficiently nor understood hood of God, scorns the brotherhood 0] that it is the way of life of the misman, mocks the sacredness of human sionary in details that gives the conlife, is merciless to helpless women and verting touch rather than the words children, uses falsehood, ignores justice, he speaks or the dogma he presents. releases the passions, and cultivates hate, India is sensitive, observant-demands War means everything that Jesus did that the way of daily life shall be the not mean, and means nothing that He message. To be is more important did mean. than to do. Quality is esteemed, As Suggested Next Steps in Peace Education for Children it is recommended:

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York WEST INDIES port the largest success, having re- ceived $140,000. The Baptists have porto Rico Relief received $67,000, the Episcopal Church approximately $55,000, the Congrega- The hurricane which struck Porto tionalists $46,000, the Disciples of Rico September 13, 1928, was un- Christ $28,000, and the Methodists out doubtedly the severest tropical storm of funds given also for Florida relief of modern times_ Senator Hiram expect to have available for Porto Rico Bingham who visited the island short- from $15,000 to $20,000. Altogether ly afterward gave it as his judgment sufficient has been received to assure "that no section of the United States the continuance of the evangelical at any time had suffered damage in movement with unimpaired vigor. proportion to that which Porto Rico had, in the area covered, the produc- One of the most important phases tive property destroyed, and the num- of relief administered by the Red ber of people made homeless and de- Cross is the aid given to families in pendent." . rebuilding their homes. A large pro- portion of Porto Rican laborers had The property losses, suffered by the previously lived as squatters on large evangelical churches were approxi- estates in shacks of flimsy construcmately as follows: Baptist, $60,000; tion. Very rightly the Red Cross was Christian, $3,500; Congregational, unwilling to put money into construc- $40,000; Disciples, $51,000; Episco- tion of laborers' homes on land bepal, $118,600; Methodist, $40,000; longing to others. Plans are being Presbyterian, $90,000; United Breth- formulated for the creation of hamren, $3,600. These figures represent lets, where agricultural workers can replacement values. The heavy loss live close to their work and yet in suffered by the Episcopal Church is independence of the estates for which represented principally in the destruc- they work. This means a new organtion of their hospital in Ponce_ ization of rural life, having in it great possibilities for good and making In addition to above losses, some of easier the evangelization of the counthe missions report losses in the mat- try people. ter of self-support. The Congregational Board estimates that it will need The Oaribbean Oongress on Ohristian $5,000 for scholarships to keep children in their school and $5,000 for Work charity work in their hospital. The Presbyterian Board estimates that it A committee in Havana and another, will have to make good some $20,000 in New York are preparing the proin revenues of hospital and churches. gram of this important conference, The Baptist Board will have to make which will embrace missions in Colomgood some $2,400 for the first year bia, Venezuela, Central America, Mexin pastoral support; in addition to ico, and the West Indies, and will also this sum it is asking for money for include the Spanish-speaking churches relief of pastors who have lost all their of the United States. It will be held possessions. in Havana, June 20-30, and will be The response to the special appeal for reconstruction and relief funds predominantly Spanish-speaking, a was very unequal in the different de- majority of the delegates being nation- nominations. The Presbyterians re- als of the different countries.

475

Neglected Churches 1855, by a missionary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, but A recent visit to America of the long since forgotten by the parent or- Rev. E. Thompson, Secretary of the ganization. Two years ago a Presby- Wesleyan Missionary Society of Great terian missionary in Colombia through Britain has brought afresh to the at- his contacts with members from those tention' of our Home Mission Boards churches brought to the attention of certain problems overlooked in the the Baptist Home Mission Society West Indies. For nearly one hu:r:d~ed their need of a pastor. The island years British Missionary SOCletIes Baptists were able to support a pas- tor, if only one could be se?-t to them. have had work in this area. They have One was sent from the Umted States, founded Christian churches amo~g who remained not quite two years, and Negroes in the British islands and III who brought to the people new coursome neighboring islands under other age and hope. Now an effort is being flags. Many of these churches were made to find another leader for them. brought to self-support, but after- With the backing of the Colombian wards declined and some of them have government, priests and nuns are trybecome extinct due to a lack of sup~r­ ing to make the islands Roman Cathvision and of contact with other Chrls- olic. Pressure is exerted on parents tians. Now that Santo Domingo and to send their children to state schools Haiti have such close governmental where the Roman catechism is taught. relationships with the United States, It has been a severe struggle for the islanders to maintain their own church and have also come under our sphere schools. of commercial influence, the British societies naturally feel that their re- From these examples it is evident sponsibilities should be taken over by that what is needed in certain areas American societies. For example, the of the West Indies is regular visita- Wesleyan Society of London. twen~y­ tion and supervision. Hitherto neither five years ago had eight forelgn. mlS- the American Methodists nor the sionaries in Haiti and Santo Dommgo; American Baptists have been able to now they have but three, and some undertake this new responsibility. of their churches have been left without pastoral care. On Turks Island CHARLES S. DETWEILER. and the Caicos Islands and at three points in Santo Domingo is a neglected THE GOLDEN RULE sphere of churches that owed t~eir life to the Baptist Missionary SOCIety From the Unity Magazine we quote of Great Britain. The population of the Golden Rule as contained in the the Turks and Caicos Islands is about holy writings of each of the seven 5,000, two thirds of whom are listed great religions: as Baptists, and yet they have been left without a pastor, as also the three The Hindu :-uThe true rule is to churches in Santo Domingo: The guard and do by the things of others chapels of these latter are closed and as you do by your own." fast deteriorating. Most of the members were English-speaking Negroes The Buddhist:-"One should seek for from Jamaica. others the happiness one desires for one- self." In St. Andrews and Old Providence, two islands, and one hundred and fifty The Zoroastrian :-uDo as you would miles east of Nicaragua, are seven be done by." thousand English speaking Protestant Negroes under the flag of Colombia, The Confucian :-uWhat you do not whose official religion is the Roman wish done to yourself, do not to others." Catholic. These Negroes have their Baptist churches, orginally founded in The Mohammedan:-"Let none of you treat your brother in 8 way, he himself would dislike to be treated. '

The Jewish:-"Whatsoever you do not wish your neighbor to do to you, do not unto him."

The Christian:-uAIl things whatso- ever ye would that men should do unto you, do ye even so to them."

"But while South Abyssinia is be-

Missionary Fellows,hip in Africa ginning to get a little light, across the border, in the northern part of THE burden of the unreached peo- Kenya, nothing is being done. A few ples of Africa has rested heavily months ago we received the center for many years upon missionaries page of the East African Stawiard, whose labors have brought them into making a definite appeal for some misclose contact with the unfinished task. sion to initiate work among the eight The present year has called forth a or ten neglected tribes of that region. conviction that the time has come to A few weeks later a letter came from seek for the completion of this great a son of Paget Wilkes, who is farming endeavor. To this end, the Africa there, definitely offering for service. Missionary Fellowship (a movement Coinciding with this came the first for the evangelization of unreached gift toward the venture." peopleB) haB come into being not as a new organization, but rather as an American Negroes Not Wanted organism, to seek to coordinate the spiritual forces concerned in the evan- WHY cannot American Negro girls gelization of the great continent. be sent to Africa for missionary The societies cooperating at present service? are'–North Africa: Algiers Mission They could easily be found but the Band, North Africa Mission, South- government of some parts of Africa ern Morocco MiBsion; Centrat Africa: will not llermit American Negro mis- Africa Inland Mission, Qua Iboe Mis- sionaries to come.

sion, Regions Beyond Missionary Un- Presumably the reason is that it is ion, Sudan Interior Mission, Sudan feared that when Africans come into United Mission; South Africa: South contact with American Negroes there Africa Glomeral Mission, Zambesi In- will be a tendency to learn a new love dustrial Mission, Nyasa Mission. The of freedom and, therefore, to become total personnel of these combined so- restless under the limitations imposed cieties exceed g()() missionaries.-The by their white masters. Christian. The Kingdom of God is frequently long delilyed by Government regula- Abyssinian Frontiers Mission tions.

ANOTHER new field has recently Giving ill West Africa .tl been entered for Christ. Alfred THE Bishop of Lagos, writing in E. Buxton in The Christ~bn writes of the Church Missionary Outlook for April, SilYS that the church in his this new frontier mission as follows: diocese pays all its own African work- "On Christmas day, a year will have ers, clergy, catechists, teachers, and elapsed since the first party of nine entered Abyssinia to take the Gospel to the Southern Abyssinian Frontiers. even its African bishops. This is ac- Since that time another nine have complished by the regular systematic sailed, and by the spring, God willing, gifts of every member of the church. the Sudan Interior Mission will have The grace of giving is a remarkable twenty-five workers in that great un- feature in the lives of Christians in evangelized Horn of Africa. West Africa. Not only is there the 477

regular weekly or monthly contribu- great honor in the form of The Medal tion to "church dues," but also the of Native Merit, accompanied by a annual subscription and the thank-of- certificate which reads: ferings. These latter are noteworthy. "The Governor of the Colonies, rep- If a Christian goes on a journey and resentative of the French Republic in returns safely he is sure to give his Cameroun, officer of the Legion of thank-offering. The same is the con- Honor, awards to Bulla Mfum, an in- stant practice when other blessings telligent and devoted native who is a are received, such as recovery from splendid example for his people, and sickness, success in a trading venture, an interne in the Hospital of the or the birth of a child.-Church Mis- American Presbyterian Mission of sionary Society. Elat, where he has served for fifteen In Portuguese Africa years with rare devotion, the Medal of Native Merit." AT THE recent session of the Southf t east Africa M. E. Conference, Bulla Mfum is one of a staff of men connected with Central Hospital, simheld in Gikuki, Portuguese East Af- ilar to internes in hospitals in the rica, it was voted to approve the United States. Voluntarily he as-. plan for the erection of three tuber- sumed the responsibility for night culosis buildings as soon as money is calls in order that the missionary in available. Young men, while working charge might rest. in the gold mines in Johannesburg, contract the disease and after they Machemeje, New Station T return home their relatives do not HE Congregational Fairfield Coun- ty Association of Connecticut some take good care of them, so they come to the missions. So far there has years ago adopted as their "project"

been no place for them to stay, except a young African, C. Kamba Siman- among other patients in dispensaries go, who hoped some day to engage and hospitals. Separate buildings are in missionary work in Portuguese imperative. Each new building will East Africa where he was born. Mr.

cost about $300. Other urgent needs Simango was a child of paganism, be- are a hospital for the insane, and a came a Christian at fourteen, and was home for old women. Old men are persecuted for his faith. Later he cared for by relatives-not so the fled to America where he won honors aged women. at Hampton Institute, was graduated Destruction at Elat from Teachers' College, New York, and holds credentials from the high- I N MARCH a tornado completely de- est educational authorities in Portu- stroyed the Presbyterian Church gal.

building at Elat, West Africa. AI" The opening of the new station in though this catastrophe took place East Africa involved the purchase of shortly before the afternoon service, land, erection of buildings and the no one was injured. When the extent maintenance of a budget, all of which of the damage was seen, $5,000 was quickly collected to replace the build- the Fairfield Association agreed to asing with a brick structure, which the sume. Twenty-five hundred acres of Africans have been wanting for some land have been secured on a ridge 400 time. The congregations number ap- feet above sea level, and the station proximately 2,000 every Sunday. will be called Machemeje.-Mis8io~ ary Herald.

One member of this church deserves special mention, Bulla Mfum, a Chris- A Cannibal Tribe Converted M tian physician who heals not only ONDOMBE on the Congo is in charge of Mr. and Mrs. Moon of the bodies but is vitally interested in the souls of men. The governor of the Disciples of Christ. Ten years Cameroon has recently given him a ago they landed there on the bank

J029] WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and started life in a rude mud hut. Uprisings Among Moslems They had their long struggle with fever, the chief was unfriendly, and THE Associated Press states that in the first six months they saw the "fear of Moslems that their but three whites with none of whom sacred religion was being underthey could speak because of differing mined by the introduction of the Latlanguage. Now they have a large in alphabet and other measures was plant for hospital, school, and indus- believed to have resulted in plots trial work as well as a church build- which were suppressed by the Governing. During six years they have ment at Sivas and Broussa. baptized 1,683 people and sent out sixty-three converts as evangelists. John "There have been reports of plots Eliya, one of these evangelists, has at Stamboul as well as Sivas and brought a great cannibal tribe almost Broussa, and these have caused conwholly to Christ. Paul Bokese, work- siderable excitement in Constantinople. ing at this station, is the son of a great It was rumored that the plotters were war chief with cannibal past. The arranging an armed revolt against son, standing by the Lord's Table not Ghazi Mustapha Kemal and the Govlong ago, took the cup and said, "This ernment. is not human blood such as our fathers drank, but it becomes to us the "The Moslems at Broussa and Sivas blood of our Master who cleanses us feared that recently introduced refrom sin." Calls for teaching are forms were designed to crush Islam. coming from new tribes.-Sunday The daily newspaper Ikdam said that School Times. the thirty-five Turks recently arrested at Broussa were engaged in spreading WESTERN ASIA propaganda detrimental to the accept- ance of the new A B C's."-The Alli- Mohammedan Youth Associations ance Weekly.

THE "Egyptian Gazette" reports Mosques Demolished in Turkey the following resolutions adopted in the Old Palestine Conference of CONSTANTINOPLE dispatches an- Mohammedan Clubs. nounce that as a consequence of the deposition of the Ottoman Ca- Mohammedan Youth Associations liph and his high priest, the Sheik ul should be founded on the lines of the Islam of the Moslem world. the number Young Men's and Young Women's of mosques in Constantinople has been Christian Associations; that schools found altogether too large. Hence should be opened for the Mohamme- the Angora government, recognizing dan population so that they may be the uselessness of the mosques, has induced not to send their children to decided to sell a hundred or more of schools directed by foreigners; that the small mosques occupying land the Government should be asked to which has increased in value and is increase the capacity of schools and in demand for modern apartment to revise the curriculum; that Arabic houses. The modern Turk devotes badges and an Arabic national hymn less attention to the mosques and since should be introduced, and an Arabic many of these houses of worship are banner with Arabic colors provided; deserted the utilitarian republican that Arabic Boy Scout troups should government has decided that they do be organized and affiliated to the Boy not justify the expense of mainte- Scout Organization of Beirut; that nance. This does not necessarily mean Friday should be observed as a day a decline of religion which has beof rest; that the Arab workers should come a private affair. Turkey, trying be organized in trade unions and eve- to run on western time, lacks the leining schools opened for them; and, sure for the full-time prayer requirefinally, that an Arab theater should ments of the Moslem dispensation. be set up. The last of the projected radical re-

ligious reforms is the change of the Moral instruction, given with the aid public holiday from the traditionally of textbooks containing extracts both Moslem Friday to the Christian Sun- from the Old Testament and the Gosday. This is a utilitarian and not a pels, may be included in the curriculum religious reform, made to put Turkey as a required subject. Further, there in touch financially and commercially is to be no restriction in the holding with the western nations. of voluntary Bible classes, Sunday- schools, or chapel services out of school Turkish Wo:men as Pioneers hours. From experience in other countries there is good reason to ex- T'HE International Review of Mis- pect that the boys and girls in mis- sions publishes an interesting ar- sion schools in Persia will gladly ticle on "Turkish Women as Pio- attend such classes and services, and neers," written by a Western wom- that with their voluntary attendance an resident in Turkey. She gives cred- will come a greater eagerness to listen it to the mission schools as being and respond to the teaching.-Chureh leaders in the emanciapation of wom- Missionary Outlook. en, the first of these to give higher education to girls being Constantinople An Arabian Proble:m Woman's College, which has graduated outstanding and able Turkish women. ONE serious problem of any pioneer Some of these as medical students are mission field, says Dr. Sarah L. giving their energies to the question Hosmon, of Muscat, Arabia, (Reof public health. "The American Hos- formed Church in America) is the necpital in Constantinople, conducts the essity for bringing in trained helpers only training school for nurses in Tur- from other fields, thus introducing key along western lines. This is de- another foreign element into the work. veloping a new and much needed Eastern Christians as a rule are not profession for women. In 1926 the filled with a foreign mission zeal, and Governor of Smyrna invited the Amer- Arabia is one field that tests them ican superintendent of the hospital to severely, for they are placed in a Mosassist him in establishing a baby clinic lem community with little Christian in his city. One of the first Turkish fellowship. They must, of course, graduate nurses was put in charge. learn the language. Then again, their The work of this young trained nurse relatives write of illnesses, or urge is having phenomenal results in the them to find a job nearer home. The reduction of infant mortality. Nursing monotonous diet of the Gulf Stations as a profession in Turkey demands makes for discontent. How to keep the pioneering spirit among girls to these trained helpers happy, contented overcome public opinion, which does and faithful year after year seems not yet set upon it the stamp of social bigger, at times, than all other probapproval." lems combined.

D'i:lliculties Overco:me in Persia The outstanding factor in keeping these helpers at their posts has been MANY have been uniting with the their course of Bible study, the as- missionaries in Persia in earn- signments heavy enough to keep them est prayer for the removal of the busy. God's Word is both inspiring difficulties that threatened the educa- and refreshing. tional work in that land. Now we can give thanks for a great improvement INDIA AND SIAM in the situation. While freedom for religious teaching is not as unfettered New Move:menb in India as before, the restrictions are not such as seriously to hamper the Christian Y OUTH movements have come to teaching and witness in the schools. life spontaneously and simultane- ously in various Provinces of India. Some of them have their own

IH29] WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

newspaper, like that in Bombay, The and on December 9th, he baptized the Y Dung Libemtor. The "Champion headman of the village from which of Awakened Youth" attributes this they had come. These six are said to new movement in India to the influ- be the first Mohammedans to be bapence of the youth of Germany, Tur- tized in the Telugu mission. There is key and Persia. It emphasizes the a large community of Mohammedans results obtained by the youth of China at Kanigiri and it is hoped that many who have contributed more than any more may be brought to accept Christ. other element to the liberation of their country from foreign influences. India.'s Free Women The Young Liberator thus ex- I N KERELA, South West India, presses the aims and ideals of the which is almost entirely cut off by Bombay Youth League. mountain ranges from the rest of the country, Indian women are "free as The object of the League is to promote the air," and have enjoyed full prounion among the youth of the Bombay prietary righ ts in the property of the presidency by the pursuit of common family of which they are members. ideals, and by means of common organ- This was stated in an address to the ization, to infuse in them the spirit of All India Women's Social Conference, service and self-sacrifice, and to prepare by Her Highness Maharani Setu Parthem for the service of the motherland, vatibayi, the Junior Maharani of Trawith a view to achieving complete na- vancore. As quoted in the Calcutta tional independence for India. Modern Review, she said: The Leagu€ approves communalism "In my own country of Kerela, the in every form, and fosters among its woman is the pivot of the family, and members a tolerant and cosmopolitan her rights are fundamental and extenoutlook; it works for the abolition of sive. A large proportion of the propantiquated social and religious -cus- erty in Malabar stands in the name of toms; it seeks increased facilities for the woman as the head of the housephysical and military training in hold, and innumerable examples of schools, and colleges. It aims at the careful management and masterly adpromotion of Swadeshi; seeks to de- ministration can be produced." vise ways and means to mitigate unemployment among youth; demands The Indian Nationalist editor of the introduction of free and compul- The Madel'n Review, Babu Ramananda sory primary education throughout Chatterjee, says that the conference the presidency, and the extension of over which her highness presided was higher and vocational education; and largely attended by women from all seeks to develop in the youth the hab- parts of India belonging to the Hindu, it of a sound study of public questions Moslem, and other religious commuand independence of thought. It seeks nities. It discussed and passed resoto promote an understanding of in- lutions on such important topics as ternational questions, and to further the abolition of purdah, marriage of other activities in which the youth of widows, rescue of minor girls, remodthe country are vitally interested. eling of primary and secondary edu- cation, adult education, revision of This is the first time that any movec laws of inheritance, abolition of dowment in India has taken up so definite ry to the son-in-law, revision of faca position in favor of the independence tory laws, and equal moral rights for of the country in opposition to the men and women. politicians, who are at present merely demanding "home rule." The Maharani-Mother of Travan- core would sweep aside all vestige of Mohammeda.n Baptisms purdah from every part of India, do away with child-marriage and widow- ON NOVEMBER 9th the American hood, and eradicate other evils from Baptist missionary, George H. which Indian society suffers. Brock, of Kanigiri, South India, baptized five young Mohammedan men, S

"Throughout South India women ers of spirits, who, nevertheless, had now have the vote on the same terms a legend of a lost book of life which as men. In Travancore and in Mysore some day was to be returned to them women may be elected as councilors. by strangers from over the ocean. Ko Campaigns in Bengal and Behar have Tha Byu was for twelve years until recently re1ulted in women getting his death a tireless evangelist among the municipal vote. There are women his own people. Octob~r 22 to 29, 1928, councilors in Madras, and the United the Karens entertained the Burma Provinces of India have given qualified Baptist Convention in Tavoy in order women equal political rights with men to celebrate the 100th anniversary of for the Legislative Council, District their Christian beginnings. There are Municipalities and Local Boards." now between 60,000 and 70,000 Chris- tians among this people.-Watchman- New Avenu." for Bible Teaching Examiner.

DAILY Vacation Bible Schools are very new in Burma, but the first Sixty Yean in Siam T year proved their worth so effective- HE year 1928 completed 60 years ly that five more were organized of mission work in Chiengmai. In last year. Miss Mary Phillips of the 1868 there was a nucleus of four American Baptist Mission, writes: Christians; last year the enrollment "Besides outlining a definite pro- in Chiengmai church alone was 992.

gram adapt(ld to the needs of Burma, Beginning with no schools, there are all the Bible stories and character now a college, theological seminary, stories had to be written and trans- an academy, training school for nurses lated into Burmese. About forty and a hospital. In addition, a leper young people from the college, high asylum has had unprecedented growth.

schools and seminaries volunteered to The evangelistic influence of schools help in the schools. That, of course, and hospital has been strengthened by meant sacrificing their own vacations. such organizations as "The King's Because of the extreme heat we found Daughters," Temperance Association it necessary to begin at seven o'clock and "Friends of the Word." Children in the morning and finish at ten, but have their own organizations, super- that did not mean that the work for the vised by teachers.

teachers was finished for the day. The A novel movement was begun by a teachers every morning met for prayer Buddhist priest, who proposed that fifteen minutes before the opening of groups from the city church meet with school. At noon time they divided in- the priests in the Buddhist temple to to groups and went out to make calls discuss the relative merits of Chris- in the homes of the pupils. Through tianity and Buddhism. Influential this quiet home work a number of Buddhists objected, and this was dis- adults confessed their faith in Christ continued.

and not a few children from Buddhist homes expressed their desire to be- CHINA AND TIBET come Christians.-Watchman-Exam- . The Truth About China iner. AN EDITORIAL from China's Mil- One Hundred Years Old ftlions gives an idea of present con- ditions in China: ONE hundred years ago, on May 16th, 1828, in Tavoy, Burma, Rev. Many statements might be made in George Dana Boardman baptized Ko regard to the present situation which are Tha. Byu, former slave, robber, mur- indisputably true, and yet need careful quaJjfication lest they convey a false or derer. He was a Karen, a people who unbalanced impression. A cursory readmake up one-tenth of the population ing of reports from Kweichow, Szechof Burma-a timid, irresolute and wan and Kiangsi, emphasize the danger servile people a century ago, worship- and insecurity of residence there ont of all proportion to the facts. Probably

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

none of our rnission stations is altogeth- lief is now practical. The Chinese er free frorn the possible menace of Govemment is doing everything in banditry, yet in the great majority of its power to relieve conditions; has stations that menace is so remote as to appropriated $10,000,000 (mex.) for be practically negligible, at any rate for the greater part of the year. But a relief and ordered all officials to consudden upsetting of the balance of pow- tribute from twenty to one hundred er, perhaps the suppression of some lo- per cent of one month's pay for recal military leader, may at any time lief. $1,000 will save a village. $1 bring danger nearer. The risks which will feed one victim for one month. missionaries, in common with the Chi- nese, may be running are sufficient to Two per cent of the population have keep us fervent in prayer for them. already died from cold and starvation. But, while they take all reasonable pre- cautions, they dare not wait for the re- Whole villages are desolate. Sixty pel'

establishment of order before grasping cent of the draft animals have been the present opportunity for proclaiming sold. Twenty per cent of the peasantthe Gospel throughout China. ry have evacuated their homes. The Shensi government is operating gruel The National Government of China, while nominally in control of the whole country, and supported by a growing kitchens, but their resources are enpublic opinion in every province, extends tirely inadequate. only an uncertain jurisdiction over districts remote from Nanking, and may Once again the missionary forces sometimes fail to control one or other of are grappling with the grim monster those powerful military leaders who profess allegiance to it. of famine. Dr. Rawlinson, editor of the Chinese Recorder, writing from China Famine Relief Shanghai, gives it as his opinion that SUFFERING in China is intense the estimates of the government and and widespread. It is reported to the Famine Relief Commission are be much worse than in 1920 to 1921. . conservative. These official groups have put the probable number of des- This is not only due to continued titute at 20,000,000 in ni~e provinces. war and unrest but comes largely from floods and inability to plant He adds another 5,000,000 on the basis and harvest crops. Plant life is en- of reports reaching him.

tirely gone in many sections. Recent reports state that 20,000,000 Chinese Gains in Chinese ChUl'ch D are affected. 4,000,000 famine victims R. HENRY T. HODGKIN, who is an authority on missionary afl'equire immediate aid and daily thou- sands are dying. Entire families are fairs in China, says in The China committing suicide in some instances Weekly Review: "Looking back on the rather than face starvation. Women short period of anti-Christian agita- and girls are sold (for $100 and up) tion we can count gains that outweigh for food or are left to suffer worse losses, and the church has been pre- than physical death. pared to serve China in new and larg- The China Famine Relief Commis- er ways. It is no small fact that many sion of U. S. A. has its headquarters of the leading men in China today are at 205 East 42d Street, New York. the product of Christian schools and Dr. S. Parkes Cadman is Chairman, are deeply influenced by Christian Dr. Sydney L. Gulick, Secretary and thought, if not themselves Christians.

James A. Thomas, Treasurer. "The This is perhaps the way above all oth- situation in Suiyan, Shensi and Kan- ers in which the church is serving and su is extreme" says a dispatch from will serve the nation-through person- the American Committee in China. alities who have caught something of This committee is composed of busi- the Christian spirit and have been, as ness men and missionaries. The gov- it were, given to China by the church.

emment is taking effective measures When we think of the very small pro- against banditry. Railway transpor- portion of Christian to non-Christian tation is improving. Emergency re- Chinese and of the fact that to a large

extent Christian work has been among quired faith for a Chinese girl to enthe poorer classes, it is really aston- ter college and to stay; hope-the ishing to see to what an extent this hope of better homes and a better nacontribution has been made and is be- tion through the Christian education ing accepted by China today." of women; and love-a love rooted in the love of God.-Christian Advocate.

The Christ for China THAT Christ needs China and China "Useless" Deities Abolished needs Christ is the opinion of C. Y. Cheng, General Secretary of the T HE government of the province of National Christian Council of China. Kwangtung, China, has issued a Enlarging on this thought Mr. Cheng circular stating that all "useless" says: deities and temples are to be demol- ished, but that the good and useful "China needs a Christ who is simple ones are to remain and will be used. and not hopelessly entangled in creeds for other purposes. Among the latter and dogmas; China needs a Christ are the deified sages and philosophers who is natural and not foreign; China of old who have rendered meritorious needs a Christ who is constructive service and have lived exemplary lives; and not destructive; China needs a also all pure and undefiled religions Christ who saves and will be her friend by whom "men indicate recognition unto the end. Such a Christ has never of a god or gods to whom obedience been rejected in the past and will not and honor are due" are to be protected be rejected in the days to come. 'We and preserved. These include Mohamwould see Jesus,' is the voice of many medanism and Christianity of the thoughtful Chinese today. Christian monotheistic religions, and Buddhism missionaries and Chinese church work- and Taoism of pantheistic religions.

ers who can introduce men and women All ancient gods and goddesses who to the real Jesus are needed in China were invented and worshiped in fear now more than ever before." of some superhuman or overruling power long before the advent of exact Chinese Head for Ginling science, are to be destroyed on the ground that such worship is sheer ON NOVEMBER 3, 1928, there oc- superstition.-Alliance Weekly. curred a significant event in China's new capital, Nanking- Miss Yi-Fang Wu was made President of Exchange Professors Ginling College. The following day A YEAR ago a gift of $2,000,000 the college celebrated its 14th birth- was made to Harvard University day. The new president is a member as an endowment for the exchange of the first graduating class. of professors between Harvard and Peking Universities. The first pro- The story of Ginling College is as fessor to go from the Chinese Unifascinating as a romance, yet in real- versity to Harvard under this ity records the triumph of Christian faith, hope and love. Fifteen years provision is Dr. William Hung, seago higher education for women was lected by the two universities as "the unheard of in China; one year later ablest Chinese to explain Chinese cul- eleven Chinese girls were enrolled in ture to American students." He is a the first class of the first woman's graduate of Ohio Wesleyan University, college. Five years ago a group of Union Theological Seminary and Cobeautiful buildings were dedicated. lumbia University. It is not surpris- Three things the founders built into ing that one hears less now than he the foundation of the college: faith- did a few years ago about Christianity for it required faith even to think of denationalizing its adherents in the establishing a college in China for the great countries of Asia. It has not so higher education of women, and it re- much denationalized as international-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ized. Dr. Hung interpreting China to From the Hokkaido Mr. Kagawa the West will do a valuable work for went to the cities of Kanazawa, Taka- China and a not less valuable work for oka, and Toyama. In these cities nine- America. He can serve both countries teen meetings were held, attended by because he has trained himself to be 5,673 people. In the public meetings international in understanding and 284 people, and in a Christian girls'

sympathy.-Indian Witness. school 204 girls manifested a purpose to become Christians. During Decem- JAPAN-CHOSEN ber Mr. Kagawa pressed the battle of International Relations Conference evangelism in the far-flung Manchuri- an field, working in the centers having AN INTERN ATION AL Relations a large Japanese population. .t. Conference is to be held in Kyoto Campaigns have also been held in next November under the name Pa- Osaka, Yokohama, and twelve other cific Relations Institute. large cities. At the request of the Japanese Christians in Korea cam- All nations bordering upon the Pa- paigns have been held in six of the cific ocean will be invited to partici- principal cities in that area. Everypate. The institute will be open to where the meetings are characterized research and deliberation upon any by a large attendance and a profound subject believed by the public in the interest. various lands to be germane to harmonious international relationships. Paul Kanamori hopes for at least Much has been said lately of the need 1,000 conversions from a recent Tokyo for a thorough and impartial investi- campaign, comprising four sessions gation of the whole program of "for- daily for six days, one whole day beeign missions" as a factor in ing given to prayer. He also writes: establishing world brotherhood and "Last year our one hundred and sixty peace. It now seems uncertain that churches have all become self-supportmissions will have any place on the ing, not receiving any help from outprogram. Nevertheless, with appraisals of missionary work and its results side. Our 200 pastors and evangelists varying so widely according to wheth- have given up their regular salaries, er one approaches a missionary, a man and are working according to the comin business or in diplomatic service, mandment of the Lord Jesus in Mator a native of the land concerned, it thew 10, looking to God for their daily would seem that mission boards and food. I believe the realization of the supporters of missions should be quick purpose of the million soul-saving to see the possibilities in such a study campaign is not far off.

in the fair atmosphere of a scientific- ally-minded conference on social prob- Growth in Korea lems in the Pacific basin.-Christian A~'TER: twenty-five years. of seed Centur1j. .t. SOWIng there ·are now In South Chtilla Province, Korea, fifty-five or- Campaign for Million Converts ganized churches and 250 unorgan- DURING last November Toyohiko ized groups of Christians, each with a Kagawa invaded the Hokkaido building and all supported by native and spent almost a month in six of converts. Soonchun has the largest its principle cities. All told, he held one-doctor medical work in Korea.

fifty-eight meetings. These meetings The government has built fine auto were attended by 27,264 people and roads and daily service cars ply their 1,,112 took a stand as "deciders." The trade in all directions. A railroad meeting places were constantly runs from Seoul to Mokpo, passing crowded and again and again hundreds through Kwangju, and daily steamers had to be turned away because there ply to and from the many ports on the was not even standing room for them. coast. A new railway is under con-

struction from the local ports of South He met with much acceptance, and ChuBa Province to Seoul, and another many open doors for service in the from ]'usan passing through Soon- various churches and mission halls. chun to Mokpo, thus linking this sec- His record of service for the year tion up with the whole world. Post 1928 is as follows :-Meetings in offices, banks, telegraph and telephone churches and halls 278, open-air serv- ·offices and strict police supervision ices 64, Sunday-schools spoken to 32, everywhere, make life safe and pleas- tracts and booklets, etc. given away ant. 9,233.

The Power of Christ He has traveled altogether 8,481 miles, of which he has walked 1,670. FROM the Presbyterian Church in Mr. Lewis went out again shortly after Korea comes two incidents which Christmas into the far distant parts illustrate the strength of the Korean of New South Wales. Christian: UHung up" in New Guinea A poor woman came to the Presbyterian missIOnaries at Chairyung, REV. G. P. LASSAM of the Meth- Chosen (Korea), for one month's odist Missionary Society of Ausstudy of the Word. She had saved but tralia, tells of a discouraging-encoura pittance from her business, and, aging experience in preaching to anyway "my stupid old brain is not Papuans-an experience paralleled in worth more' than a month of study." many mission fields. Describing a But when at the end of the time she service on the New Guinea coast, he gave an almost perfect recitation of says: "A hymn is announced but the Paul's second missionary journey, she congregation has 110 hymn books, so changed her decision and stayed, con- the singing is left to the student asvinced that "the entrance of the Word sistant and myself; the latter is a giveth light." shy little chap, so the hymn becomes a solo by the preacher. Then the A little girl in Chairyung, Chosen, prayer and the Lord's Prayer, in slipped out of the back gate of her which a number of the folk join. The father's compound to go to the evan- address is on 'The Lost Sheep.' Presgelistic meetings, When she returned ently I am 'hung up' for a Papuan her father threatened to kill her un- word, and as I look round on the conless she would promise to have nothing gregation it appears as though it more to do with the Jesus doctrine. would not matter much if I were She would not promise and endured 'hung up' for the whole sermon. About all but death for her faith, Today she half the men are asleep. In a corner is the wife of a leader in the church, a baby and a pup are enjoying a scrap a Sunday-school teacher, treasurer of over a piece of pig left over from the the women's missionary society, and feast. This engages the attention ·of is still striving to win to Christ the about half the women and several of members of her father's household. the men. A passing launch causes most of those who are awake to gaze ISLANDS OF THE SEA out to the sea and in an undertone exclaim, 'They don't observe the Sab- An Australian "Out-Back" Evangelist bath, at any rate.' The sermon goes on to a conclusion; the preacher is a THE attention given to rural dis- bit doubtful as to the amount of good tricts is reaching Australia, as is that the congregation are deriving evidenced by the account of Philip from it, Then another hymn, the Lewis who has recently returned from closing prayer and benediction. There a trip through Queensland. He visited is a new baby to be baptized; then right up into Northern Queensland, we are ready to go home. passing through such places as Townsville, Cairns, Mackay, Rockhampton, Gympie, Stanthorpe, Toowoomba, and many other places.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"I really begin to wonder whether this number, are enrolled in the Sunany good has been done by the serv- day-schools. It is estimated that 25% ice, and turn to go home disappointed. are Mohammedan, approxjmately 50'/0 Just at this point the student pipes Chinese, and the remainder chiefly up, 'Sir, this man wants to speak to Batak, with a small percentage Indian. you.' I turn to see a man well on in All along the line the work feels new years. standing patiently. He asks: impetus and encouragement.

"'Sir, is all that you said about New- CODlluission Formed Jesus being a Shepherd and seeking the lost sheep true?' METHODIST leaders in Malaysia, .. 'Yes, certainly it is all true.' .i under strong conviction that more "'And would He seek for me and attention should be given to Sundayhelp me when He finds me?' school work and the teaching of the ,. 'Yes.' Bible in the day schools, have 01'-' ganized the Malaysia Commission of .. 'Then I want to become a church Religious Education, with a full ti;ne member.' secretary, R. Dean Swift. As evidence of the need, the small enrolment of "He became a good Christian. the Sunday-schools has been cited. 'Hung up' yet lifting up the Saviour." their deficient organization, the lack of teachers, the scarcity of suitable The First Maori Bishop teaching materials, the unsatisfadory condition of religious teaching in the CHRISTIANITY has made great day schcols, the comparatively small progress in the last few decades proportion of pupils who become amongst the Maoris, the natives of Christians, as well as numerous other New Zealand. The general assembly facts. of the Anglican Church there has now been able to carry out a long cherished The new ~ommission has reviEwed plan; it has created an independent the situation, outlinei ,I comprehensive Maori diocese with a Maori bishop at program and decided upon certain imits head. Frederick Augustus Bennett, mediate obje~tives. Among these: to who has worked as a clergyman better organize and grade Sundayamongst the Maoris, was recently schools and supply suitable curriculum consecrated Bishop of Aotearoa. The material; to enlist more lay workers; ceremony took place in St. John's Cathedral, Napier, in the presence of to help parents tlppreciate the impol'ta large congregation of Maoris and whites. ance of properly training the young; and to seek to make religion more SUlllatra ReQrganizes real.-Malaysia Message.

T HE first session of the Sumatra NORTH AMERICA Mission Conference, a merger of the North Sumatra Mission Confer- Plans for Church Union ence and the Netherlands Indies Methodist Conference, held January 24-28, THE trend toward unity among sevmarked the beginning of a new chap- eral Protestant denominations ter in Methodism in the Dutch East seems to gather momentum. Congre- Indies. The sessions gave a real sense gationalists and Christians have of corporate unity. Plans were an- drafted a plan to be presented to forthnounced for dividing the conference coming national conventions of area into three distr-icts, South Suma- the two bodies. A commission of the tra, Asahan District and Medan Dis- Methodist Episcopal and one of trict. the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America are carrying on ne- Over 1,800 pupils are studying in gotiations for closer union. Repre- Methodist day schools in Sumatra, and sentatives of the Disciples and of the probably another 200, not included in Northern Baptists are also conferring

for the same purpose, and a plan for Enterprise. A third group was made organic union is being promoted be- up of publicity leaders.

tween the Presbyterian Church (North) and the Reformed Church in College League of Nations T America. HE colleges of Ohio held their first Recently, a basis of union has been intercollegiate Model Assembly of agreed upon by representatives of the the League of Nations at Ohio Wes- Reformed Church in the United States, leyan University on April 19th and the United Brethren in Christ and the 20th, with 27 colleges participating.

Evangelical Synod of North America. On the same dates the colleges of If officially adopted, this will result in Michigan held a similar gathering at a new "United Church in America" Ann Arbor. They met last year at .with more than a million members. Lansing.

Young people, in their own gather- The colleges of New England met ings, are also endorsing movements for a Model Assembly at Mount Holy- which have as a basis cooperation of oke College on April 13th, while col- effort for all who desire to live accord- leges in the central region held a ing to the teaching and spirit of Jesus Model Assembly at the University of Christ. Chicago on May 3d and 4th.

The colleges of the middle Atlantic Denominations Get Together region took part in a very successful AN IMPORTANT conference of de- Model Assembly at Vassar on Febru- 1..nominational leaders was held ary 23d, and fourteen institutions par- March 19th to 21st, in Atlantic City, ticipated in one at the University of N. J., to consider the financial and Southern California on March 21st.

promotional work of the several de- At least thirteen colleges are hold- nominations. Their topics included: ing individual Model Assemblies for "Why Do People Give Permanent their own campuses, while Reed Col- Funds to Charity?" By Edward T. De- lege was host to nine high schools of vine, Executive Officer, Bellevue-York- Portland, Oregon, when they met for ville Health Demonstration in the City a Model Assembly in April. of New York. SOIne City Evils "Channels Through Which Personal IntE'rest Expresses Itself." By Ralph G. l'IORAL conditions in New York Hurlin, of the Russell Sage Foundation. if City are reported, by the "Com- "Discrimination as to Appropriate Instruments Fitting the Method of the mittee of Fourteen" which has been Giver." By Raymond N. Ball, Treas- conducting an extensive investigation, urer, University of Rochester, Rochester, to be worse than ever. The lack of N. Y., and Albert St. Peter, of the Equi- law enforcement, the prevalence of table Life Assurance Societv. "speakeasies," the intemperate and vicious "night clubs" and similar re- "The Technique of Coop~ration." By sorts, are responsible for much of the William S. Beard, of the National Coun- crime and commercialized vice. The cil of Congregational Churches. committee reports "one syndicate which furnishes women to 180 evil re- "Guarantees of IntegTity and Hon- sorts in New York City …… Not beesly." By Mark M. Jones, Consulting ing forced (by the state) to take out Economist. licenses or to open to the police at all "Economic Changes as Affecting Investment of Charitable Funds." Bv Leland Rex Robinson, President of the Second International Securities Corporation of America.

A group of executives also discussed times, as formerly, these places lock such topics as the Making of Budgets; themselves against the police. Evi- Every Member Canvass; Coordina- dence of the vicious character of the tion; Propel' Balance Between Local place is hard to establish by raids.

Expense and Foreign Benevolence; The Federal police can make raids but and Spiritu3lizing the Money-Raising they are only looking for intoxicating

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

liquor and it is not their concern Anniversaries Celebrated whether the place is an immoral re- T HE Chinese Presbyterian Church s()rt Qr n()t . . . . . . Recruiting is large- and Day Schools in San Francisco ly done through advertisements for celebrated anniversaries on Dec. 7th 'hostesses.' These resorts are grow- when the church was 75 years old and ing bolder." Before New York be- the day school reached its 50th birthcomes more like Sodom, aroused public day. The pastor, Rev. Tse Kei Yuen, sentiment should put an end to this wrote a historical drama which the lawlessness and open vice. young people enacted. This drama portrayed the founding of the church Beliefs of University Students in 1853, the founding of the day school A CENSUS of religious beliefs in 1878, and early missionaries in the among University of Wisconsin West who helped to establish work for students resulted in answers repre- Orientals. The kindergarten children senting 34 faiths by 6,479 out of 9,- portrayed the organization of the day 042 registrants, according to a com- and evening schools, dressed in quaint, pilation just completed by the univer- old styled costumes, some wearing sity statistician. The census is the false queues. Chinese churches of all first of its kind conducted at the uni- denominations were represented in the versity. Of those who expressed their audience.-Women and Missions.

affiliations, 1,042 named the Roman Catholic Church, 1,018 Lutheran, 959 Indian Missionaries W Methodist, 887 Congregational, 680 ITH true missionary zeal the re- ligious council of the poverty- Presbyterian, 553 Jewish, 441 Episcopalian, 235 Baptist, and 189 Chris- stricken Pima Indians at their monthly tian Science. These nine faiths repre- meeting recently raised $20 to match sent 93 per cent of the total answers. a conditional amount of $10, offered by their pastor, Dr. Dirk Lay, to send The Negro in A,merica representatives to the Papago Indian T HE Board of National Missions reservation to preach the gospel. announces the completion of a new stereopticon lecture – "The Onward Leaving Sacaton, their headquar- March"-on the Negro in America. ters, they reached the first Papago Here we see the colored man in a very village about 28 miles to the south. intimate way: his isolation on a mea- After calling on all the Indians there gre farm in the rural south; his they made an arrangement with the home, a tumble-down shack; his chil- chief to hold a service the following Sunday around the campfire.

dren, neglected mentally and spiritual- At Komalee which they reached fif- teen miles further on at dusk they ly. Then the mission school! Boys and prepared to camp for the night. girls come on foot or muleback, come Around the campfire, service was held leading cows whose milk must pay with about sixteen Indians present. their way. In many of the schools everyone earns part of his or her tui- So they visited village after village, tion by working on the farm or in the camp after camp, meeting after meet- kitchen. With what persistency do ing, until in ten days' time, by early these young people pursue an educa- rising and late retiring, the following tion! Throughout, the lecture is an villages were visited: Chu-chu, Koma- absorbing one. Negro churches, Ne- lee, ·Wiewawaa, Anigam, Santa Rosa, gro community life, Negro leaders- Covered Wells, White Wells, Cheerpaw, all are treated in a wholesome, ap- Gacah, Corporosity, Charco, Ajo, pealing manner. The final note is Charles' Well, and Gila Bend Village.

challenging. The progress of this race During the trip 698 miles were cov- has been epochal. But the march to- ered, 14 villages were covered, 64 per- ward a new day must go onward. sonal calls made and eight services

held at which there were 133 present. the churches during the year, for the -Presbyterian Magazine. promotion of intercession for a deeper spiritual life among the Mexican peo- LATIN AMERICA ple."-The Chri8tian Observer.

Evangelical Church in Mexico Haitian Gospel Mission CHEERING news of the growth of HAITI, "The Black Republic," is the Evangelical Church in Mexi- dark in more senses than one for co comes from Dr. W. A. Ross, presi- it has long been neglected by evan- dent of the Evangelical Seminary of gelical Christian missionaries. One of Mexico, who says: the workers now engaged in the evan- gelization of the islanders, writes: "I "From several things recently, we have just returned from La Tortue have been forcibly reminded of the where I spent twenty days assisting strength of the Evangelical Church of with the mission work. In a village Mexico. At the recent National Con- called La Vallee, thirty-six people vention of the Evangelical forces of gathered for a Gospel service in the Mexico, we saw Protestantism at its house of one of the converts and only best. Representatives from all of the two could read! There were two Christian Churches attended. chairs so that the congregation was obliged to squat on the mud floor or "There were present 143 registered on logs of wood. delegates from outside the city of Aguascalientes. The popular meetings . At morning family prayers five confilled the large auditorium, and even verts engaged in prayer. Several have the conferences for study morning and asked for baptism, but as few of the afternoon were attended by from 100 people are married legally, and as to 200. These registered delegates many men have more than one "wife," came from sixteen of the twenty-eight there are serious family matters to be states of the Mexican Republic and put right before these converts will represented thirteen religious bodies. be fit for church membership. A real This shows that the leadership has work of grace is going on in the passed from the hands of the foreign- hearts and lives of some of the people ers to the Mexicans. That is the goal on the island, but we must be patient of all mission work. The men and until the seed sown has been watered women in the convention well pre- by the Hely Spirit, and has had time pared to take this leadership were to germinate. only a few of the many scattered throughout the country. As soon as funds permit, we are anxious to build a small Gospel Hall "There is a spirit of harmony and on the island, where we may be able brotherly love in this great Evangel- to invite the people to sit on benches ical Church in Mexico. They are now while listening to the Gospel instead making their plans to be missionaries of squatting on the mud floor of a nato the great untouched areas of the tive hut.-J. Alfred Pearce, Port-decountry that every phase of the life Paix, Haiti. of Mexico may be brought under the subjection of our Lord Jesus Christ. Cuba and Mexico Fraternize There is a spirit of earnest prayer and of intercession which bespeaks ANEW era in church development in well for the future of the Evangelical Latin America is opened by a Church. visiting delegation from Cuba to Mexico to discuss cooperation between "There was appointed a committee the evangelical forces of these two called the 'Upper Room Committee' countries, especially plans for an Evanwhose special work for the year is to gelical Congress, to be held in Havana, form Prayer Circles, to call together June 20-30, 1929. Such themes as small groups who shall meet in quiet places for prayer, to be a center for

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Solidarity, Literature, the Church in may be that they are descendants of the Community, work among indig- various groups of Spanish explorers enous races and various educational who swarmed through the mountains problems were discussed. centuries ago.

The Cuban delegation was advised Settlements of white Indians are that Mexico would send 47 delegates also supposed to exist in the Amazon to Havana in June, instead of the 35 Valley. The origin of these remains assigned to her, and that representa- a mystery and many support the be- tives of some of the women's organiza- lief that they are of pure Indo- tions would also be there. From Porto European ancestry.

Rico, 25 delegates will represent The popular explanation is that various denominations at the Con- white fishermen or expeditionaries gress. Dr. John Howard, for many were lost in storms or carried by ocean years President of Union Theological currents to the Brazilian coast. It is Seminary of Mexico City, will repre- also thought that the Catalonian name sent Southern California, and Dr. of the Canary Islands, Canarios, proves George W. Hinman will represent the that the South American Indians American Missionary Association. knew of their existence in connection with white people. Translated into Sunday-Schools in Brazil the Indian language the word Canario THE Eleventh Convention of the means "white country." – Alliance World's Sunday-School Association Weekly. will be held in Rio de Janeiro, July, 1932. The Seventh National Conven- EUROPE tion of the Brazil Sunday-School Union The British Federation of Youth convened recently in Juiz de Fora and T HE British Federation of youth was declared by all who participated has affiliated to it twenty-seven to have been the most successful and youth organizations in Great Britain inspiring interdenominational gather- representing a membership of about ing ever held in Brazil. There were 100,000. The general basis of mem- 158 registered delegates, which also bership is support of work for interwas a record. The division was Meth- national understanding and world odists 64, Presbyterians 59, Congre- peace. At a recent meeting of the Asgationalists 17, Independent Presby- sembly the tasks assumed by the terians 10, Episcopalians 6, Others 2. Vlrorld Youth Peace Conference were Most of the delegates were given hos- entrusted to the Dutch Federation of pitality at Granberry College, the Youth for Peace, which, according to largest educational institution of the a resolution passed at the Conference, Southern Methodists in Brazil. The is to constitute the Continuation Sec- Convention sessions were held in the retariat for such questions. The procollege chapel, and the classrooms were gram of work for the coming years used for group meetings. The spirit was also drawn up in outline. It is of joyous Christian fellowship devel- proposed to continue the usual methoped under these circumstances was a ods for the promotion of international revelation to many whose experience understanding amongst youth-interhas been limited to denominational national correspondence, youth tours, gatherings. study outlines on international ques- White Indians in Peru tions, observation of the International Goodwill Day (lSth May), etc. An T HE Associated PTe.s8 reports re- essential element of this work is to be gions in the Peruvian Sierras the recognition of the changed psywhere the inhabitants are white and chological outlook of the characteristic some have blue eyes and blond hair. younger generation of youth that has The explanation of this phenomenon no memory of the World War, and the

need for educational methods suitable mocracy; Christianity and Socialism, to them. and Christianity and Internationalism.

Bible Testimony Fellowship -Christian Century.

HE Bible Testimony Fellowship is A Bible School in Austria Tseeking to reach the smaller towns T of Great Britain by means of a HE Southeastern Europe Bible School near Villach, Austria, has "Counties' Campaign," the plan being trained and sent out twenty-four to take a county or part of a county young men – Hungarians, Bulgarians, and arrange for central meetings on Serbians, Greeks, and Roumanians to four consecutive days at strategic work in their national churches. Re- points, and to visit systematically cently the Second Balkan Conference every home within a given radius. was held at Nova Pazova under the An envelope containing a typed let- auspices of this school, and there ter, drawing attention to the claims gathered a large group of Christian and value of the Bible, a leaflet invit- workers for Bible study and considera- ing to the nearest central meeting, tion of mission problems. Vilna is and a Gospel, is delivered from door famous for its order, cleanliness, to door, and opportunity sought for thrift, industry, and prosperity, quite direct personal work on the spot, in contrast with the dirt and disorder while. by means of open-air meetings, of the surrounding population. The Bible posters; and other methods, the inhabitants are pestered by Croat and Fellowship hopes to bring the Bible Serb beggars and thieves and during prominently before the minds of the the whole existence of the colony it people. The first campaign was opened has never been possible to go to work in East Devon, where the work pro- in the fields without putting watchmen ceeded energetically under the aus- to guard the villages. Mr. Ebehard ,ices of a local committee, assisted by Phildius, Principal of this Bible an agent of the Fellowship. School, has recently been in America Protestant Church in France and has won many strong friends for this important evangelical work. .x~THOuGH there are only about a Those who wish to know more of the million Protestants in France, the Southeastern Europe Bible School Protestant churches exercise an in- may write to William Albert Harbison, fluence in the life of the country en- Graybar Building, New York City.

tirely out of proportion to their mem- bership. The leaders of the various Godless Russia Protestant groups have felt for some THOSE whose hearts are stayed on time the need of consolidating the re- God are oppressed on every hand in ligious agencies engaged in social Russia. A publication of the "Antiwork. Most of these agencies in God Society" states that last year 354 France are independent, i. e., they are churches and 59 synagogues were not organically related to the official closed. Other places of worship conorganization of the church. Repre- nected with religious faith were put sentatives of the various social out of existence. Yet, something akin agencies recently organized a Federa- to discouragement is dogging the steps tion of Social Christianity, which is of the evildoers, for in spite of all intended to serve somewhat the same their efforts religion is gaining ground purpose for the churches in France steadily everywhere. It is even af- that the Federal Council of Churches firmed that in the Stalingrad district serves in the United States. The adherents of various religions have first conference under the auspices increased sixfold, while in other lo- of this federation met in Paris last calities religious adherents number November. The principal themes con- fifty per cent of the population.-The sidel'ed were: Christianity and De- Christian.

WOIUH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Case for Christianity. By Clement Moslem Mentality. By L. Levonian. 245 F. Rogers, M.A. Octavo. 278 pp. pp. $2.50. Boston. 1928. $3.00. New York. 1928. This very attractive and remark- The author is Professor of Pastoral able book might more correctly have Theology in King's College, University been called "Turkish Mentality," The of London. For eight years he ad- author is Dean of the School of Redressed the Sunday afternoon crowds ligion at Athens, an Armenian by birth in Hyde Park, and by frequent inter- but a lover of the Turks and one who ruptions, questions and criticisms, he believes in their evangelization. The came to know the popular objections book gives us a cross section of Mosto Christianity and the difficulties rel- lem thinking on social, moral and reative to religion which exist in the ligious questions. The contrast becommon mind of the present day. He tween the old Moslem mentality and was conscious of the great need of the new is strikingly illustrated; the a hand-book of popular apologetics, danger of religious neutrality pointed and in his endeavor to meet this need, out, and an earnest plea is made for he states some great moral problems Christian missions to Moslems. In with which mankind has ever been the chapter on the missionary presconcerned. He defends the part Chris- entation of Christianity the writer is tianity has played in the solution of not as positive as he might be and these problems and gives reason for yet he puts the emplilasis where it regarding as trustworthy the histori- should be in the message and the cal character of the Bible narratives. manner of its presentation. His con- He defends the claim that Jesus Christ clusion is characteristic: "As Arme- "was perfect God and perfect man." nians we have one privilege, we can The references to the atonement and forgive those who have persecuted us to evolution are not clear or satisfy- and pray for them." ing, but the discussion of Christian Theism presents rather fully the ar- S. M. ZWEMER. guments from causation, from design, and from conscience and shows that The Gospel for an Age of Thought. By the needs of the human soul are met A. Z. Conrad, Ph.D., D.D. 282 pp. by the great truths of the trinity, the $2.00. New York. 1928. incarnation and the cross. In an age when the agnostic and the The style of the discussion is not pseudo-scientist assume that they are altogether popular or lucid and the endowed with a higher order of intel- ligence than the Christian believer, it actual conclusions of the author are is refreshing to have the argument for not always clear. Quotations from the validity of the Gospel set forth many authors show a wide acquaint- with such conviction and intellectual ance with literature. The main point ability as are shown in these seventeen of the book is creditably maintained, discourses delivered in Park Street namely, to show that the Christian Church, Boston, and in several wellsystem is capable of intellectual justi- known churches in Europe.

fication. CHARLES R. ERDMAN. Starting with the undeniable propo- 493

sition that whatever is real is true and "Way" and the "Life" but the "Truth"

that truth is indestructible, the valiant which alone makes free.

pastor of the Park Street Church re- moves the Gospel from the category The Pilgrimage of Buddhism. James Bas- set Pratt. 750 pp. $3. New York. of the hypothetical and speculative 1928. and places it firmly on the basis of Though the "publishers' blurb" is the demonstrable in human and divine correct in saying that this author experience. The claims of the Gospel "presents a detailed and synthetic find their vindication in their applica- view of Buddhism as a whole, ancient bility to man's deepest needs and in and modern, Southern and Northern," the history of the Christian Church it is not the whole truth, when it through two thousand years during adds, "It is the first time that it has which the blazing searchlights of been done." A German Buddhist scholarship have served only to illumi- scholar, Hackmann, as long ago as nate with greater splendor the divine attributes of its Founder. 1910, issued the second edition of his "Buddhism as a Religion," and again When a magazine, with seventy-five in 1914 his "A German Scholar in years of honorable history behind it, the East," which deals with the subfurnishes its readers with page after jects of the travel and scenic portions page of futile assertion that Jesus of Professor Pratt's volume. Hack- Christ had no existence in fact, it is mann's first book goes farther than well to be reminded, as we are by Dr. Dr. Pratt's in that he includes the Conrad, that realities do not depend Buddhism of Tibet but it is far less upon opmIOns; that when men be- full. Pratt omits Tibet, Nepal and Mongolia, giving as the reason that lieved that the earth was fiat, it was "the form of religion which prevails round just the same; that gravity in those lands is so mixed with nonexisted before Newton was born; that Buddhist elements that I hesitate to the blood circulated before Harvey dis- call it Buddhism at all." Prof. E. W. covered the fact; that the Solar Hopkins also asserts that Japanese System revolved successfully before Buddhism does not deserve the Budthe advent of. Galileo and Copernicus.

Dr. Conrad pithily remarks that dhist name, though for different rea- "an absent Moses has resulted in a sons.

Golden Calf in every age." Today the Like Hackmann, Prof. Pratt did anti-Christian bias is strong; Chris- not base his volume upon documentary tianity's demands are exacting; man material alone, but went with his dislikes mandates. It is not strange, equally able wife on two Buddhist therefore, that rationalistic scholarship pilgrimages, with notebooks and eyes should be bent on reducing everything widely open, to see on the ground to the level of ordinary human just what Buddhist priests, temples, thought. It is far more disturbing and votaries were like. He has vividly, that in the Church itself there are as well as philosophically, reported his those who minimize the necessity for findings here. Hackmann had spent basic beliefs. Dr. Conrad stresses the ten years in Buddhist countries, most- fact that belief governs conduct. "It ly in China. Yet this new volume is is doubtful whether there was ever so far more satisfying than Hackmann's much sophistical untruth put into a two combined, despite Pratt's Tibetan single sentence as in the statement and Mongolian omissions and sparing that 'Christianity is not a doctrine reference to Farther Indian Bud- but a Way of Life'" is his timely dhism. Both writers are valuable con- declaration. He finds the bed rock tributors to our knowledge of authority for the validity of the Chris- Buddhism, Pratt especially with his tian Gospel in the Personality and Ex- fascinating style, picturesque treat- perience of Him who was not only the ment and living specimens.

192'9] BOOKS WORTH READING

After five chapters, describing of Japan's famous sects and contrib- Buddhism's founder and his teach- uted so largely to its early civilization. ings, the Pilgrimage begins at its There is also a lovable portraiture of birthplace in India, proceeds to Cey- Shinran, the founder of the second lon and Burma, turns eastward to most numerously sect in Japan, the Siam and Cambodia, northward to Shin or True Sect, and the fifth sect China and eastward again to Korea in size named after its founder, Nichand Japan, Buddhism in the latter iren, so polemic in his teachings and country being the best portion of his whose sect is most intolerant. Dr. volume. Pratt also gives his readers a far more interesting view of the exact In all those lands, Pratt enables the nature of the Mahayana, or Great Vereader to see with his own eyes, al- hicle, branch of Northern Buddhism most as well as he did in "India and than does Japan's Suzuki, or Dr. Its Faiths," where he describes the Reischauer who does it more conciseentire system of beliefs, ritual, effect ly. It is impossible to hint, even, at upon the mind and daily life of ad- the invaluable accounts of the beliefs herents of Buddhism as it took root and philosophies of these varied sects and grew in country after country. in different countries. The reader may His chapters upon "The Founder," be confused before he reads them all, the "Dramatis Personae" of Chinese while the Buddhist scholar may regret Buddhism, "The Story of Japanese that the volume is founded upon trans- Buddhism," ~re especially graphic and lations so largely; yet neither of ·the rewarding. We are given a clear view Davids, Pali authorities as they are, of Buddhism's Mahayana mighty ones nor Dr. Hopkins, with his familiarity in the too slight sketch of China's with Sanskrit, could have produced so first Patriarch, Bodhidharma, and in interesting and so generally correct the fuller ones of the two Daishi, a volume as this moderately priced Dengyo and Kobo, who founded two treatise by Professor Pratt. H. P. B.

MISSIONARY STUDY FOR EVERY ONE The Missionary Education Move- study. The largest emphasis in misment and the Central Committee on sionary work must be put on the most the United Study of Foreign Missions essential aim of the enterprise-the are offering a choice list of new books regeneration of men and women this year for reading and graded mis- through faith in Christ and by the sion study. power of God's Spirit.

The FOREIGN MISSION topic for the Advanced groups will welcome the year 1929-1930 is The World Mission study of the subject prepared by Dr. of Christianity-especially as viewed T. H. P. Sailer on "Christianity's Sufrom Jerusalem. Younger grades will preme Issues" (25 cents) based on study the Philippines. For the older Bishop McConnell's volume. Two sidegrades Bishop Francis J. McConnell, light volumes are Basil Mathew's author of "Democratic Christianity" popular report of the Jerusalem Conand other volumes, writes on "Human ference "Roads to the City of God" Needs and World Christianity" ($1.50 ($1.00 and 50 cents) and Milton cloth and 75 cents paper). He em- Stauffer's excellent view of "World phasizes the human elements that Missions As Seen from Jerusalem" especially appeal to many in the work (50 cents). Material and practical of the missionary-the need for phys- plans for group discussions are also ical health, for better economic condi- supplied as is a pamphlet for members tions, for liberty and friendly, human of classes, "Opinion Tests on World fellowship, and above all for a clearer Missions" (10 cents). knowledge of God. It is a worth-while "A Faith for the World" ($1.00) is

a volume prepared by Wm. Paton, 60 cents), a volume on race relations Secretary of the International Mis- by Dr. Henry Smith Leiper, "Pioneers sionary Council, setting forth the es- of Good Will" ($1.00 and 75 cents), sential nature of the Christian sketches of twelve outstanding Chris- Message. Mrs. Helen Barrett Mont- tian men and women in the fields of gomery also has prepared a volume for business, education and the ministry, women's classes, entitled "From Jeru- by Harold Hunting, author of "Stories salem to Jerusalem" (75 and 50 cents) of Brotherhood." Miss Mary Jenness which interprets the significance of the has prepared the suggestions for Jerusalem Conference in the light of leaders of this study in her "Good Christ and His life, work and teach- News Across the Continent" (50 ings as originally revealed there. cents) .

The books for young people include For Juniors Robert N. McLean has "All In A Day's Work" ($1.00 and 50 written an attractive story of work for cents) by Godfrey E. Phillips of the Mexicans in the United States under London Missionary Society; "Seven the title "Jumping Beans" ($1.00 and Thousand Emeralds" (50 cents), a 75 cents) and Florence C. Means offers story for American youth of the In- a play on "Mexicans in the United termediate grade to interpret Filipino States" (25 cents) and "Rafael and youth, written by Dr. Frank C. Lau- Consuelo" ($1.00 and 75 cents) for bach of Manila and the "New Philip- primary children. pines" (50' cents), a course for leaders prepared by Edna J. Leidt. These courses are rich in interest The Junior, Primary and Beginners' and opportunity for the presentation grades also are offered special books of these topics of vital importance. on the Philippines (with a picture map The volumes in paper or cloth can be 50 cents), Japan and the Christian obtained from your own mission board Missions, prepared by Miss Edith at the prices named or by sending to Eberle, Miss Margaret Applegarth, The Missionary Review Publishing Miss Jean Moore Cavell, and others. Company, enclosing check or money order. (The first price mentioned after THE HOME .MISSION topics for the each book is for cloth and the second for paper.) coming year are "The City," "Race Prejudice" and "Mexicans in the A number of good missionary read- ing books are also recommended, in- United States." The adult and young cluding "Sons of Africa" ($1.50) by peoples book is devoted to "The City Miss G. A. Gollock, "Windows into Alaska" (75 cents) (for primary Church" ($1.50 and 75 cents) by H. grade) by Gertrude C. Warner; "The Paul Douglass, a remarkably well- Story of Musa" (for Juniors) by Miss written study of the conditions in the Entwistle; "Little Kin Chan" ($1.25) modern city and the responsibility of by Bertha H. Converse and "Children the Christian Church for its influence of the Chief" (40 cents) by Mary on the people and their environment. Entwistle (for primary grade), and Dr. Kenneth D. Miller, author of "The World in a Barn," a popular book "Peasant Pioneers" has prepared the for children by Gertrude Warner leaders' manual (25 cents) for this ($1.25) . course and Dr. Charles H. Sears, Secretary of the New York City Baptist The books of methods recommended Mission Society has written an il- are "Missionary Education of Beluminating study of city life in his ginners" by Jessie E. Moore; "For volume entitled "The Crowded Ways" Primary Children" by Wilhelmina ($1.00 and 60 cents), with suggestions StookeI', "For Juniors," by J. Gertrude to leaders by John Bailey Kelly (15 Hutton, and "For Intermediates" by cents) . Mabel G. Kerschner (In cloth $1 each). For younger groups the offerings consist in "Blind Spots" ($1.00 and

BOOKS Survey of Service: Organizations repre-

sented in the International Convention The Authority of the Bible. C. H. Dodd. of the Disciples of Christ. Edited by 310 pp. $3. Harper & Bros. New W. R. Warren. 723 pp. $1.50. Chris- York. 1929. tian Board of Publication. St. Louis. 1928. Everyland Children – Little Lord Jesus. Lucy W. Peabody. 57 pp. 25 cents. Jewish Infiuence on Christian Reform Central Committee. Cambridge. 1929. Movements. Louis Israel Newman. 707 pp. $7.50. Columbia University From Jerusalem to Jerusalem. Helen Bar- Press. New York. 1925. rett Montgomery. 50 cents, paper; 75 cents, cloth. Central Committee. Cam- Christianity and the Government of India. bridge. 1929. An examination of the Christian forces at work in the administration Going to Jerusalem. Margaret T. Apple- of India, and of the mutual relations garth. 127 pp. 50 cents, paper; 75 of the British Government and Chris- cents, cloth. Central Committee. Cam- tian missions, 1600-1920. Arthur May- bridge. 1929. hew. 260 pp. 128. 6d. Faber and Gwyer. London. 1929. India in 1927-28. Semi-official annual re- view of Indian affairs. John Coatman. China: Yesterday and Today. Fourth 462 pp. $1.50. British Library of In- Edition. E. T. Williams. 743 pp. formation. New York. 1929. $3.75. Crowell. New York. 1929.

Important to Me. Margaret Slattery. 12 ASK ME ANOTHER ON AFRICA mo. 95 pp. $1. Pilgrim Press. Bos- ton. 1929. (AnSWe1'8 to questions on 2nd coveJ'.) Jesus and His Helpers. For Juniors. 1. A question mark. Teacher's textbook. Mary Alice Jones. 2. Which way is Africa going? Will 150 pp. The Graded Press. New it be Christian or Moslem? Will it make York. 1928. a real contribution to the world's life, or will it be a source of trouble? The Last Five Centuries of Church His- 3. North Africa. tory. Andrew Miller. 1,091 pp. 48. 6d. 4. Abyssinia. Pickering and Inglis. London. 1929. 5. The Queen of Sheba and Philip the Ethiopian. Persia New and Old. W. Wilson Cash. 6. Because the interior remained long 72 pp. 18. Church Missionary So- unexplored and was therefore dark and ciety. London. 1929. mysterious. 7. Kilimanjaro and Kenya. The Questioners or Missionary Heart-Talks. 8. Victoria, Albert, and Tanganyika- Second Series. Frederic F. Helmer. the last being the longest lake in the 76 pp. China Inland Mission. Phil- world. adelphia. 1929. 9. Victoria Falls. 10. Livingstone. Some Questions of Empire Suffering. An- 11. "Sounding Smoke." nual report for 1928 of the British 12. To open up the continent to civili- Empire Leprosy Relief Association. zation and commerce, with the hope that 52 pp. London. 1929. these would put an end to the slave trade. With and Without Christ. Sadhu Sundar 13. Egypt, Abyssinia, and Liberia. Singh. 152 pp. $1.50. Harper & 14. England, France, Italy, Spain, Bros. New York. 1929. Portugal, and Belgium. 15. Diamonds, gold, copper, and cotton. The American Negro. Edited by Donald 16. The missionaries. Young. $2.50. American Academy of 17. Moffat, Livingstone, Mackay of Political and Social Science. Philadel- Uganda, Mary Slessor of Calabar, Bishop phia. 1929. Hartzell, Jean Mackenzie. 18. Two hundred and forty-three. Naboth's Vineyard. Summer Welles. 2 19. To know and to worship God, the vols. $7.50. Payson and Clarke. New Father; to keep themselves well and to York. 1928. prevent disease; to cultivate the soil and to cook and make their clothing; to use The New Map of South America. Herbert their free time in wholesome recreation. A. Gibbons. 400 pp. $3. Century. 20. The Moravians in 1792. New York. 1928. 21. Rev. J. E. Aggrey, Ph.D., born on the African gold coast, educated at The Sexual Life of Savages in Northwestern Columbia University, heir to five West Melanesia. Bronislaw Malinowski. African thrones. Plates. Maps. 506 pp. 428. Rout- 22. "Other sheep have I which are not ledge. London. 1929. of this fold: them also must I bring, and they shall hear my voice and there shall Women of the Pacific. Being a Record of be one fold and one shepherd." (John the Proceedings of the First Pan- 10: 16.) Pacific Women's Conference, held in Honolulu August 9 to 19, 1928, under the auspices of the Pan-Pacific Union. 280 pp. $1.25. Pan-Pacific Union. Honolulu. 1928.

Council

THE JOURNAL OF INTERCHURCH COOPERATION Published Monthly (except July and August) by the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America 105 East 22nd Street New York City ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR Its editorial interpretations of current trends in religious life. its articles by distinguished contributors from aU denominations on the larger phases of the churches' task and its comprehensive survey. month by month, of the cooperative work of the churches and movements toward larger Christian unity make the Federal Council Bulletin a unique publication.

~========================~ – – – – – – – ~~~~—–~- Discounts to Missionaries The Missionary Herald New Missionaries: (}ut/it yourseh-es' Established 1805 with Montgomery Ward guarante"d mer– Specializing in Congregachandise at very substantial savings made tional Foreign Missionary news, extends to the readers possible by our 100/0 cash discounts on of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE all orders Of $50.00 or mort' selected WORLD an unusual trial from our current general catalogues_ offer for the remaining SIX months of the year. Field Secretaries and Purchasing Agents: Sa'e money for your stations Simply send SOc with your name and through special wholesale discounts address to: granted on large orders_ HARVEY L. MEEKEN, Agent Mission Boords: ReduCt, new build- 14 Beacon Street ing costs and repair bills by buying Hard- Boston, Mas•• ware, Paints, Roofing and other Building Materials through our Wholesalt· Department.

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The Missionary Review of the World — May 1929

1929

WELCOME THE CRITIC!

WILLIAM T. ELLIS WHO ARE THE CRITICS?

CORNELIUS H. PATTON ARE MISSIONARIES EFFECTIVE PIONEERS?

THOMAS JESSE JONES IS MISSIONARY SACRIFICE JUSTIFIED?

HUGH THOMSON KERR DO MISSIONARIES CAUSE TROUBLE?

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FRANCIS J. McCONNELL A MISSIONARY LOOKS AT THE CRITICS E. STANLEY JONES THE YOUTH AND FOREIGN MISSIONS TODAY STANLEY HIGH VolulTle LII NUlTlber 5

Reveal Christ to

Christ and His lVIessage are interpreted to Moslems through Christian literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems. By your prayers and gifts you can help to supply this muchneeded Christian literature for Ellypt Syria Jrak China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa Will you help the Christian missionaries in these countries by sending your gifts through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile ~lission Pres~ and Interdenominational Committees on the field?

BOARD OF DIRECTORS ""iJliam I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delayan L. Pierson, of New York, rice PresidenJs Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan Dr. John H. Raven Mrs. William Borden Mrs. James M. Montgomery, Sec. Rev. Erne,t "". Riggs Dr. James Cantine Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Mr. Fennel! P. Turner Send your contributions to The Treasurer, 322 Yest 75th St., New York City.

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Discounts to Missionaries CONTENTS – MAY, 1929 New Missionaries: Outfit yourselves FRONTISPIECE – AN UNANSWERABLIO Page with Montgomery Ward guaranteed mer- 325 chandise at very substantial savings made ARGUMENT FOR Ii'OREIGN l!tIIBBIONS possible by our 100/0 cash discounts on WEL.~?~~~. :.~~•.~~Wr~~1A-"; . ±: .:Eli.i.;s all orders of $50.00 or more selected WH~ ::~~ .·l'.I~~.go~~~~.~~~ ii: 'P~~~ON 327 from our current general catalogues.

ARE MISSIONARIES EFFECTIVE PI· Field Secretaries and Purchasing ONEER~'I … 'L'HO"AS JESSE JONES 331 Agents: Save money for your stations IS MISSIONARY SACRIFICE JUS· through special wholesale discounts 'l'IE'IED? .•. HUGH 'l'noMsoN KERR 335 granted on large orders.

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IS THIS A CAPITALISTIC ENTER· We guarantee safe ddivery, at foreign PRISE? … I<'RANCIS J. MCCONNEI,L 357 port, of every order. Our famous cata- logue free upon request. A MISSIONARY LOOKS AT THE CRIT· ICS ••••••••••.. E. STANLEY JONES 363 Montgomery Ward & Company TIlE UNCHANGING ESSENTIALS •••• Missionary Bureau Chicago, U. S. A. • •••.••••••••••• ROBERT E. SPEER 809 TOPICS OF 'l'HE TIMES.. . . . . . . . • • . • 374 WHO Is BROAD MINDED?

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Please mention THE :MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. EVERY CHRISTIAN WORKER Whether pastor, missionary leader, church school teacher or department superintendent, student or parent, SHOULD BE USING THE International Journal of Religious Education PRACTICAL Practical Method. in Teaching Trends in Religiou. Education What Other School. have Done Religiou. Education in Foreign Countries Sea.onal Dramatic Production Department Worship Programs STIMULATING SPECIAL COMBINATION OFFER The International Journal 0/ Religious Education, $2.00 and The Missionary Review 0/ the World, $2.50 BOTH FOR ONLY $3.50 Send in your order today to either: The Missionary Review The International Journal of the World of Religious Education 1S6 Fifth Avenue 1S13 Mailers Building New York City Chicago OBITUARY years a mIssIOnary in the Philippines; was chief chaplain of the American REV. FREDERICK B. MEYER, of London, forces in France during the War; was for many years a prominent pastor in a leader in the fight against the opium England and equally famous in America traffic; he promoted the World Conferas an author and Bible teacher, died in ence on Faith and Order and other move- London on March 27th at the age of ments for church unity. He was the eighty-three. He had held a number of author of a large number of books and important pastorates and, at the time of Duff Lecturer in Scotland in 1921. He his death, was pastor emeritus of Christ was highly honored and greatly beloved. Church, Westminster Bridge Road, London. He was active up to the last and PERSONAL had planned to visit America this spring. He was greatly beloved and his ministry BISHOP F. J. MCCONNELL, of New was exceptionally frui "ful. York, has been selected as President of the North American Home Missions Con- *** gress and MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD and DR. CHARLES L. WHITE, of New York, as BISHOP CHARLES H. BRENT, of the Vice-presidents. The sessions are to be- Protestant Episcopal Diocese of Western gin Monday, December 1, 1930, and close New York, died suddenly in Lausanne, December 5, 1930. Switzerland, {In March 27th, at the age of sixty-six. Bishop Brent was for some Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

LIVING ANSWERS TO CRITICS OF FOREIGN

SOllie Itruits of ~llH Hloll n ry York–Chrlstinn Blhle RNtders nnd 'Vitnesses to Christ nt Lolodorf, 1~est Africa

LII, No.5 May

WELCOME THE CRITIC!

BY WILLiAM T. ELLIS, LL.D., Swarthmore, Pa.

A!4thor of "-,'fen and .Missiotls" (md "Bible Ltl1lds 'l'OdflH"

N OBODY has ever read a crit- cruits at the bottom, there is often icism of the Republic of An- legitimate ground for adverse dorra; but criticisms of OpInIOn. I have not a spark of America, Great Britain, France, sympathy with the unwholesome Italy and Germany are as common tendency in the uninformed home- as newspapers. Doubtless Andorra land to make saccharine saints and would rather be criticized than ig- haloed martyrs out of every for- nored. All great institutions must eign missionary. I have occasion- undergo public appraisal. One sign ally met missionaries who have that the enterprise of Christian accepted as accurate this propa- missions is a world force is the ganda portraiture of themselves, continual stream of criticism to with most unfortunate results.

which it is subject. Such a one loses his sense of humor So mighty are missions that they and his sense of relative values, merit criticism. There is a dis- both of which are indispensable to ciplinary and educational quality a successful missionary.

in all criticism. "My enemy shows As a newspaper man, my crit- me what I should be; my friend icism of many critics of missions shows me what I may be." Every is that they do not know what they true friend of missions welcomes are talking about. They commit the searchlight of public opinion, the cardinal journalistic sin-ig- even when it blinds and burns. As norance of the facts. Their inac- a real factor in international life, curacy is often so glaring as to missions are properly subject to leave the reader who is reasonably review by both friends and foes. conversant with missions aghast.

Strength and wisdom come there- Reputable magazines have often by. Only the weakling desires cod- printed these articles which are dling. inexcusably uninformed. Attacks And missions have earned all of this sort should be resented by kinds of criticism, the unfavorable readers; and editors should be made as well as the favorable. All down aware of their fault in publishing the line, from boards and secre- unverified charges against a repu- taries at the top to the newest re- table and representative group of 325

men and women. Let missionary consecration, their sanity, their ef- supporters face all the facts, the ficiency are obvious to everyone ugly facts, as well as the beautiful; who really knows them. In all the but, equally, let them actively re- world-wide range of my acquaint- pudiate criticisms which are not ances there are no finer men and based upon evidence. women than some missionaries If the reader can stand the bru- whom I could name. This applies tal shock of the statement, let me to the younger missionaries, as well declare bluntly that I could cite in- as to the veterans. The post-war dividual cases to warrant practi- crop, as I have observed them in cally every criticism of missionaries action, have all the qualities that that ever I have heard-and I think make great missionaries.

I have heard them all. I gave a Hundreds of times opportunity year, in 1906-07, as a newspaper has been given to me–in print, correspondent, to visiting the ma- on the platform, aboard ships and jor mission fields of the world, to trains, in embassies, legations and study this very subj ect of mission- consulates, in clubs and social gath- ary criticism. I estimate that I erings, in newspaper offices and have shaken hands with at least elsewhere–to answer the common two thousand missionaries on their criticisms of missions. And these fields; and it has been my profes- may be answered by anyone with sional duty to scrutinize their per- a knowledge of the facts, with a sonalities and their work. So I tolerant temperament and an open am no ignorant fanatic upon the mind.

subject, even though I am a con- Surely it is the simple manhood vinced proponent of missions. duty of Christian men to repudiate Deserved criticisms should be unmerited attacks upon their own heeded. Some missionaries are representatives, who are too far misfits and should be called home. afield to speak for themselves. Of Missionary methods, and especial- late, there has been a recrudescence ly missionary buildings, are not of missionary criticism, which was always deserving of praise. Mis- for a time generally silenced by the sionary propaganda is often un- Laymen's Missionary Moy-ement.

real, unsymmetrical and not fully This new condition calls for new in accord with all of the ascertain- loyalty on the part of the churches able facts. Amusing, and some- and Christians at home.

times rather tragic, tales could be told of the effect of some mission- THE MISSIONARY ary literature that has been read o matchless honor all unsought, on the fields where it originated. High privilege surpassing thought, Missionary administration at the That Thou shouldst call me, Lord, home base likewise falls short of to be perfection, as almost every mis- Linked in work-fellowship with sionary will testify. Thee; Having said all of this, it re- To carry out Thy wondrous plan, mains to be added, as the heart To bear Thy messages to man; of my message, that as a class, the In trust with Christ's own word of missionaries rank equal with or grace above the average ministry and all To every soul of the human race.

other professions at home. Their -Selected.

ARE THE CRITICS?

BY CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D.D., Boston, Massachusetts lIome Secretary oj the Americuu Baf1rd of Commissi,oners for Foreign Missions_; Author of II ]f'oreign Missions Under Fire/' Etc.

W HEN you hear a sharp crit- To their credit be it noted that icism of the foreign mission- missionaries, and especially mis- ary enterprise the first thing sion board directors, are given to to do is to ask, "Who is this man; self-criticism beyond many other what is his background of informa- social groups. If they are disintion; what his motive; what as- clined to follow the method of Des- surance does he offer as to the cartes and build their philosophy soundness of his views?" on the determination to doubt everything, they yet strive to be There are critics and critics. Some open minded as to method and they should be welcomed; some should receive the contempt of silence; criticize results far beyond the insome should be given respectful at- clination of the public at home. tention; and (in case of a misapprehension of the facts, or in case One of the standing complaints they have influenced public opinion of missionaries is that the Ameri- can church public is too optimistic adversely) should be dealt with by in its judgments of missionary suc- way of rejoinder. cess, too unwilling to face the dis- All honest criticism should be, couragements of the field and the and usually is, welcomed by mis- immensity of the task. If mission- sionaries, by board officials and stu- aries have not achieved the thordents of the cause. We are to ough-going critical attitude of the remember that we are dealing with scientist, they at least spend a con- the most delicate social problem in siderable amount of time (some say the world. Prof. William G. Sum- far too much) in conference and ner, the famous sociologist of Yale, discussion over better ways and used to remind his pupils at fre- means of solving the problems that quent intervals that the most com- beset them on every side. Educaplex and difficult subject which we tional missionaries, while on furnow have to study is the constitu- lough, resort to advanced schools of tion of human society, the forces pedagogy in order to acquire the which operate within it and the best that American educational scilaws by which they act. He had ence can afford. Were our misno patience with the half-baked sionaries so inclined, they could opinions which drifted into his furnish the public with a body of classroom from the platform and constructive criticism far beyond press. If this is true of sociology anything we have seen in recent how much more is it true of mis- magazines and books. sions which, in addition to the considerations Professor Sumner had While the missionaries are so en- gaged, the boards are pursuing in mind, have to do with the subtil- processes of research, and recently, ties and immensities of religion and through the action of the Foreign all the contacts, philosophical, the- Missions Conference, following the ological and human between the suggestion of the Jerusalem Counhistoric faiths of mankind! cil, have gone on record as favor- 327

ing a development of the research ment pressure as a missionary "de- idea beyond anything attempted bacle."

hitherto. It is their conviction that, Most American press corre- next to the spiritual incentive, the spondents are entitled to less praise.

call just now is for the scientific In one case it is known that a high- approach to our fundamental prob- ly injurious report, to the effect lems. that "a prominent missionary lead- Let no one think that friendly, er" in Shanghai admitted the total painstaking criticism is other than failure of missions in China, was welcome in mission board circles. a pure fabrication. Yet this report The more of this sort of observa- was given wide currency in the tion the better. American press. There are not- able exceptions, of course, but Some Recent Attacks American correspondents general- Of late, however, there has been ly were over given to sensational an avalanche of criticism of quite stories and far too frequently a different sort. Not since the days sought information in the anti-mis- sionary circle of those afflicted by of the Boxer uprising in 1900 has "the Shanghai mind." the cause of .foreign missions been subjected to such fierce attack as N ext I would name the "smart during the past two years. It is writers"-the men and the women significant that again the occasion who earn their living by preparing is found in political conditions in "snappy" articles for the secular China which, in certain respects, magazines and the daily press. have affected adversely the Chris- These, in my opinion, should be tian enterprise in that land. dealt with for the most part with good-natured tolerance. One must Leaving to others the meeting be very "smart" indeed to make a of these attacks in detail, I am living in that way. The surest content here to classify and briefly road to a hearing is to attack somecharacterize certain of the objec- thing traditional and sacred. Fortions by way of putting unsuspect- eign missions have been the happy ing readers on their guard. hunting ground of these writers Some newspaper correspondents since the days of Dickens and Bor- have misinterpreted or falsified the rio-boola-Gha. Let them not how- happenings in China. The British ever quote the immortal Dickens correspondents, while occasionally as an example, since the "telescopic making an unfortunate slip, as in philanthropy" of Mrs. J ellyby de- the case of the utter misinterpre- served well the caricature it re- tation of an evangelistic poster is- ceived. Before Dickens was Her- sued in Shanghai, for the most part man Melville, the author of Moby- were fair minded and as accurate Dick, just now in process of being as the complex situation allowed. "revived," with his bitter attack It is noteworthy that the London on the missionaries in the Marque- Times and other British papers sas and Hawaiian Islands, charg- stood by the missionary enterprise ing them with misrepresentation in an intelligent way. It would and insincerity, and, in one of his not have occurred to a British edi- works, indulging in stories so sala- tor to characterize the evacuation cious in character that the Ameri- of mission stations under govern- can publisher insisted upon their

WHO ARE THE CRITICS?

elimination. The most recent bio- person will admit as a witness grapher of this prince of clever against missions a man who acwriters frankly and boastfully ad- cuses Stanley of murdering one of mits that Melville was living in his companions and Livingstone of open immorality during his stay in "keeping native wives." It is to the South Seas. It is well to re- the credit of the English publishmember that we have on hand a ers of the book that they refused considerable class of writers who to print so outrageous and unmust find something slashingly founded a statement. Again allowcritical to write about or starve, ing for noble exceptions, the and that publishers as a rule have generally hostile attitude of coman insatiable appetite for the liter- mercial circles in the foreign ports ature of attack. Why begrudge is to be accounted for on the ground them a chance to make a living? of "the eternal warfare between It is well also to remember the nar- those who go to a backward people rowness of the thought-life of to lift them up and those who go many educated people who habitu- to exploit them." ally display their prejudices against foreign missions. I hesitate to mention the attitude of foreign visitors and foreign stu- Next come the "globe-trotters" dents in America, as injustice may -an army of them in these days. easily be done through a brief or Every few weeks some devoted pas- generalized remark. One must tor or layman writes for letters sympathize deeply with our guests of recommendation to our mission- from mission lands, in the intensity aries in view of a contemplated of their patriotism and their chamtrip round the world. Thank God pionship of the best in the culture for tourists of this type! Their of the lands from which they come. testimony, when they return home, Their criticism of missionaries is is of great value. These are not sometimes acute, but they are even the typical "joy-riders" round the more out-spoken in regard to the world, but students of human in- defects they find in American sostitutions and affairs. For the oth- cial and political life. We admit ers, read Seldon's characterization the sad indictment, and while we in his "Are. Foreign Missions a plead that in all fairness a distinc- Failure"* and judge if their opin- tion should be made between Chrision is of any worth. tian America and America con- sidered as a political unit, cer- Some traders and commercial tainly between missionary-minded agents of late have had much to America and America as a whole, say in derogation of missions and we should keep in mind that our mISSIOnaries. This, it is well to self-criticism, which is constant recall, has always been the case and unsparing, is likely to be our and it always will be until busine~s salvation. We may urge that until becomes regardful of something be- a similar spirit of thorough-gosides selfish gain. There is no ing self-examination characterizes particular objection to the popu- these foreign representatives when larity of Trader Horn, so long as they return home, we can hardly people take the old gentleman for expect them to understand the mowhat he is-the Baron Munchausen tive which sustains the missionof our day. Surely no sane minded aries in their midst.

* }'leming II. Reyell Company, New York.

When Mr. Chang Po-Ling, the he fails to apprehend the universal distinguished founder and head of significance of His message and the Nankai University in Tientsin, life, why should we be surprised was taking post-graduate studies at if he rejects the missionary pro- Harvard, he was attacked by cer- gram of the church? The wonder tain of his fellow Chinese students would be if such a correspondent, on the ground that by taking a writer, tourist, trader or student stand as a Christian he was re- should take any other than a negavealing an utter lack of patriotic tive attitude in respect to a movefeeling. "How dare you," they de- ment which seeks to make Christ manded, "come over here to gain regnant in human affairs. help for our nation and then turn your back on our nation's most The conclusions I draw from this sacred principles and institutions ?" barrage of hostile comment are Chang Po-Ling silenced them by that we are living in an age which saying, "How dare you come over is not only critical but superficial, when people, even church people, to a country like America and to an are prone to take up with almost any opinion which appears to bear institution like Harvard, founded the stamp of neutrality, breadth by Christian people and for the and a desire to overthrow existing purposes of the Christian religion, ideals and Institutions; that there and not make the slightest ac- is need of pulpit discussion of the knowledgment of your indebted- uniqueness of the Christian mesness to Christianity for what you sage and person of Christ; and, have received?" finally, that a great opportunity is afforded the advocates of missions Of course these, and other atti- to set forth the facts as to the tudes, are to be explained prima- steadily advancing Kingdom of rily on the ground of a lack of belief Christ. At a time like this one in the Christian religion. If a man recalls the words of our Lord, "It does not accept Christ as the di- shall turn to you for a testimony." vinely given Saviour and Lord of the world, or if, accepting Christ, T HE missionary enterprise is not a matter of interchange of civilizations or of comparing spiritual cultures. It is a matter of making Christ known to all the world. The Christian Church has something to give to the rest of the world and foreign missions are the effort to give it. The effort is at least as legitimate as the introduction of science and of modern medicine and surgery. No one objects to that as evidence of an unwarranted "Western superiority complex." It is not Western science and medicine and surgery. It is the truth about these things, and that truth is universal, not Western. Why should it be right for selected individuals from India and China to come to America or Europe to find truth, and wrong for us to take it to the great multitudes of their countrymen? The Christian faith is a truth and a treasure greater than any other that we possess. It is our duty to share it and to appeal to all men everywhere to take it as their own. It is theirs by the same title that makes it ours and there are depths in it which will only be found as we explore them together apprehending with all saints, as alone we can, the full dimensions of the love of God, and all attaining, as the only way in which any of us can attain, the unity of the faith and the stature of the fullness of Christ.-Robert E. Speer, in "Are Foreign Missions Done For?"

MISSIONARIES EFFECTIVE PIONEERS?

BY DR. THOMAS JESSE JONES, New York Educational Director 01 the Phelps-Stokes Fund ARE missionaries pioneers of sent their missionaries to the f i civilization? south and organized schools and In these days of question churches for the general improve- and doubt as to all forms of human ment of those who had been reinstitutions and services, this ap- cently emancipated. Through the pears to be a legitimate inquiry. decades that have intervened, these The approach of the present writ- churches have expended large sums er has been that of independent of money and sent devoted men research in the field of economic, and women to serve the Negro social and educational service in people. For many years, the eduthe United States, Africa and the cational facilities suppJied by the Near East. His purpose was to mission schools offered almost the ascertain the extent and quality only opportunities for their educaof the influences exerted by govern- tion. While public school facilities ments, commerce and industry, have steadily increased, schools philanthropy and missions. The and colleges maintained by mission social conditions observed have in- boards are still a most vital part of cluded health, industry, agricul- the educational system. This has ture, neighborly relations, family been especially true of the high welfare and the moral and spir- schools and colleges and continues itual needs of the people. Facts as to the present time. It may be truly to the influences and the agencies said that Negro leadership, espehave included the testimony of all cially the teachers, the ministers parties concerned. The survey and the physicians, are largely the commissions whose findings sub- result of missionary effort. While stantiate the observations herein such schools as Hampton and Tuspresented were composed of the kegee Institutes are not directly representatives of specialists in the under church boards, they have revarious fields of research, as well ceived a considerable proportion of as representatives of Nationalists, their financial help from religious government, business and mis- people. With full appreciation of sions. the increasing public school facili- As the ideals and many of the ties of all grades it may be confi- methods of home and foreign mis- dently asserted that mISSIOn sions have much in common, it schools and colleges are still necesseems desirable to present evidence sary to the effective education of of activities and results achieved the Negro people. in both spheres. This similarity It is, of course, true that the is especially true of the home mis- educational and religious methods sion work for American Negroes had the limitations of the time in the southern states and many when they were originated. North- of the foreign mission activities. ern people, with little or no under- Beginning immediately after the standing of Negro life in the south, Civil War, the Northern churches transferred their methods with but 331

little adaptation to the special more effectively, to re-organize needs of the people whom they their home life, and to provide rec- served. Subjects were introduced reation for the rebuilding of their into the school curricula because bodies and their souls. Above all, they had been used in new Eng- they have freed the people from land. To the eternal credit of these superstitious fears and have im- missionaries, however, it must be parted to them a new confidence recognized that they gave the best in life. In place of the gods and that they knew. Their sincere pur- the spirits whom they feared, the pose was to develop the Negroes missionaries have helped them to into a full Christian manhood and know the God of love.

womanhood. The errors of their To be sure, the type of men and methods were no greater than women in the mission field includes those of government and of other a great variety of personalities agencies engaged in the same task. Some have been highly emotional Best of ali, the results which they and narrowly religious. Others achieved in intellectual develop- have been very limited in knowl- ment and sound character more edge and rather restricted in use- than justified their methods. As fulness. Like the home mission- a former Georgia Superintendent aries, there has been at times too of Education once said, "History great a tendency to impose their will increasingly recognize the own ideas of life and religion to debt which America, and especially the disregard of the native condi- the southern states, owes to the de- tions and customs. Educational voted missionaries whose sacrifices methods have often been formal and services helped the Negro to and unrelated to the daily needs.

a better way of life." With full recognition of these The services of foreign missions errors, missionaries as a group have, in many respects, been more have endeavored to serve the peo- picturesque and dramatic than ple in all sincerity. Their successes those of home missions. They have have far outnumbered their fail- involved a different type of sacri- ures. In comparison with the rep- fice and the possibilities of error resentatives of business and gov- have been greater. The basic im- ernment, the mistakes of mission- pulse has been the desire to preach aries have been no more numerous.

the Christian Gospel. They have As a rule, their devotion to the peo- literally gone to the ends of the ple has surpassed that of all other earth to carry the message of faith groups. They have been the first and hope. Careful study of their to know the native languages and work in Africa and in the Near customs, to urge the elevation of East has revealed a surprising va- the position of women, to combat riety of substantial services to the the ravages of diseases and to con- peoples and the countries in which demn tribal cruelties, commercial they' work. To most of them, the exploitation or government oppres- preaching of the Gospel has meant sion. For all these services, civili- much more than the verbal pre- zation and Christianity should ev- sentation of the Christian doctrine. er be grateful to missions and mis- Through neighborly relations, they sionaries.

have helped the people to learn the In view of the increasing inter- laws of health, to cultivate the soil est in international relationships,

ARE MISSIONARIES EFFECTIVE PIONEERS?

the services of foreign missionaries in the past is bound to be that they should receive larger and more in- are the pioneers of civilization telligent appreciation. The true wherever they have worked. The pioneers of foreign service have readers of the REVIEW are proba- been the missionaries of the Chris- bly sufficiently familiar with mis- tian Church. In most instances, sionary activities without adding they have preceded even the com- other illustrations observed by the mercial and imperialistic agencies. writer and by the educational com- Certainly, they were the first to go miSSIOns which he represents.

abroad with a genuine humanitari- Those who desire authoritative ex- an purpose. To those who realize amples of sUbstantial services are their motives, as well as the quali- referred to the reports of the two ties of their service, it is indeed Phelp-Stokes Commissions, EDU- surprising that criticism and doubt CATION IN AFRICA and EDUCATION should now become current. IN EAST AFRICA. These volumes Careful' consideration of these present first-hand evidence of the criticisms often shows their origin achievements of missionaries in to be misunderstanding or ignor- practically every colony of Africa.

ance on the part of superficial ob- Hitherto, missionaries to Africa servers. In 'some instances, they have been the main support of edu- are due to the sensitiveness of na- cation along all lines. They have tionalists who resent any form of made a notable contribution to the what they call Western intrusion. improvement of health. They are It is, of course, also true that mis- the leaders in movements for the sionaries, like all Western visitors, better use of the natural resources.

have made mistakes in their ap- They have been the first to reduce proaches to countries and peoples the native languages to writing of other lands. On the long view, and to supply the people with read- it seems certain that these misun- ing material necessary to their derstandings are of a temporary education along all lines. They have character. They represent a pass- been, and are still, the most reli- ing stage in international relations able witnesses as to injustices and mission service. The world wherever oppression prevails.

seems to be going through a period They have been most effective in of chaotic changes and reorganiza- the elimination of degrading sen- tions. During these transitional sual habit's and amusements and periods, every organization, and in the substitution therefor of rec- even every individual, seems in- reations that up-build body, mind evitably to be involved in some and spirit. Above all, they have form of quarrel and criticism. helped to free the primitive mind With the return of peaceful rela- from fetishtic fears and to implant tions and of more deliberate atti- faith in the God of love.

tudes, the motives and services of The experience of our commismissionaries will surely win the sions with missionary societies has confidence and gratitude of those given the definite impression of who are concerned in human wel- their willingness to recognize erfare. rors and to accept suggestions for the improvement of their work. Their Educational Work The emphatic conclusion of any During the last ten years of rather genuine study of missionary effort intimate association with mission-

ary committees, we have been world. With the late Dr. J. E. K.

gratified by the eagerness of board Aggrey, a native African, who secretaries, and especially the mis- knew full well the debt of Africa sionaries themselves, to give genu- to Christianity, the supporters of ine consideration to recommenda- Christian missionaries should rec- tions for changes in methods. ognize their debt of gratitude to During these days of interna- the faith which has been the in- tional chaos and nationalist upris- spiration of genuine service to hu- ings, the missionaries have been manity. Willingness to withdraw almost pathetically eager to under- the terms "mission" and "Chris- stand the new conditions under tian" seems clearly to be a form of which they must work. To be sure, surrender, and possibly even of there are exceptions to this atti- disloyalty and ingratitude, to the tude. A few may be charged with ideals and the faith that has sent blindness and even obstinacy in forth into the world the Christian the face of real demands for pioneers of civilization. Adapta- change. Some have seemed too tion to the special needs of natives willing to cast aside the traditions and nationalists and full sympathy of the past and even the funda- for their attainments do not re- mental principles of their methods quire a denial of well-established and ideals. This is strikingly il- convictions nor a disregard of gen- lustrated in the acceptance of an uine accomplishments. There is un- almost hostile attitude of many to- doubtedly a happy medium between ward the term "missions" and a sense of Western superiority and "missionary," as well as in a ques- complete resignation to manners tioning attitude of some even to- and customs of nationalists or na- ward "Christian." While such tive peoples. The impulse to al- attitudes may be praise-worthy as truistic interest in others is as indications of an open mind, it is sound as the demand for self-de- urged that the missionary achieve- termination. True service repre- ments of the past do not warrant sents the blending of both atti- the acceptance of an inferiority tudes. More and more, we are complex as to these vital designa- learning that it is better to work tions in the Christian system. The with the people than merely to elimination of such a term as work for them. Certainly none "Christian" seems unthinkable to have surpassed the missionaries in those who have any knowledge of the rapidity with which they have Chrjst~an service throughout the been accepting this ideal of service.

C OMPARE the cost of missionary educational work with the cost of schools in one New Jersey town. The number of children in school in this town was 3,314 and the annual cost, $395,1417, or $119 per pupil for the year. In Presbyterian mission schools there were 110,653 pupils at a cost of $546,972, plus the salaries of foreign missionaries engaged in educational work which might be estimated at $500,000. This makes an average cost per pupil of $9. In the American town the schools run only through high school, while the foreign mission schools include colleges, universities and graduate schools.

The Mission Board might have spent its whole outlay of $4,903,847 last year on its schools alone and the expense per pupil would have been only $44 or about one-third of the cost per pupil in the typical town used for illustration. -Robert E. Speer, in "Are Foreign Missions Done For?"

MISSIONARY SACRIFICE JUSTIFIED?

BY REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Author, Lecturer ana PaBtor of ShadYBide PreBbyterian Ohurah T HE English painter Haydon Today the tables are turned and once entertained a company lo! these same critics rise up and of distinguished artists and complain that the missionary is so men of letters, among whom were ubiquitous, so surpassingly influthe poets Wordsworth and Keats. ential in the lands beyond the seas, During the dinner, in a spirit of that an end should be made to the good humor, Keats proposed a whole business. To such a facetoast to the memory of Newton, about attitude one is tempted to the scientist. Wordsworth refused reply, as did Isaac to his interestto participate because Newton, by ing but deceptive off-spring, "How his scientific analysis, had taken didst thou get there so quickly, my the poetry out of the rainbow. son?"

Wordsworth loved the rainbow and If we analyze the criticism levwe remember it was he who said elled at missionaries and the mis- "My heart leaps up when I behold sionary enterprise we will discover a rainbow in the sky." He was that most of it comes from an at- alarmed lest the rainbow, by be- titude of mind which today loves ing broken up into prismatic col- to look out upon all religion, and ors, would lose its romance. But especially upon Protestant Chris- Wordsworth was mistaken. The tianity, through smoked glasses. rainbow can never lose its romance. The reflection set forth concerning The more it is analyzed the better America in such a book as Seigit will be admired by both the man fried's "America Comes of Age," of science and the poet. a book widely circulated and en- There is an impression abroad thusiastically received, is sympto- in the land that when foreign mis- matic of the way in which Amerisions are subjected to scientific cans today are willing to stand analysis at close scrutiny the ro- back and look at the inheritance mance fades out of the enterprise they have received from their fa- and we are left exploiting a dying thers and make merry over it. Viscause. We are needlessly alarmed. count Grey tells us that the night It may be that it is well for the before war was declared between cause if the romance that hangs Britain and Germany he stood over it lifts and we face the facts looking out from the windows of in the light of the everyday drudg- the foreign office and saw the lampery, the encircling difficulties, the lighter going about the city streets.

downward drag that belongs to Turning to the friend at his side every great and good cause that he said, "The lights are going out has come through generations all over Europe tonight and they fighting for its life, and still carry- will not be lighted in our generaing on in triumph. tion." If one thoughtfully reads much that is written in newspa- There was a time when folks op- pers, magazines and books and set posed foreign missions and pre- forth by commercialized lecturers, sumed to ignore their influence.

335

he gets the impression that the The other day a great Christian lights are going out everywhere, apologist spoke before a student not only in the foreign mission assembly in one of our state unifield, but in the church at home. versities. He presented the Chris- tian way of life without denomi- Christianity Under Attack national or theological bias. Next day the college paper, in comment- This critical, and at times cyni- ing on the service said: "The cal attitude, grows out of the fact speaker himself was accepted favthat the Christian religion itself orably; but the type of talk preis everywhere under attack. This sented was ill-suited at such an is the day when psychology and assembly." The Chairman of the physics have the field. Even phi- Chapel Committee said "More conlosophy is obscured and there are sideration of the varied represenphysicists who say philosophy is tation of sects and creeds should done for. The result is a weaken- have been given by the speaker." ing of the spiritual interpretations that must belong to life that has This is a prevalent attitude of any background of eternal reality. mind today towards the non-Chris- The uniqueness and supremacy of tian faiths. It is an attitude of the Christian faith is thereby ques- sympathy and good will, but based tioned, or loosely held. There can upon an inadequate gathering of be no Christian enterprise either the facts. There is good, much in America or in Africa unless good in the non-Christian faiths Christianity is held to be supreme that have been followed by miland to be supernatural. In speak- lions in past centuries and perhaps ing in criticism of foreign missions the missionary has not used this lately a cultured young lady said, cultural and sympathetic approach "You know, I never have believed in the wisest way. Perhaps some in foreign missions. I was a Uni- have lacked the intellectual traintarian." She was quite unconscious ing to do so. That day, however, of the far-reaching significance of is gone. The best appreciation of her comment. In the last analysis the non-Christian religions is comthe thing that really counts for ing to us today out of either misthe Christian Church in the foreign sionary experience or the missionmissionary program is the mandate ary passion. Nevertheless the of the Master that issues in the unequivocal and unanimous testicommand "GO." mony of all nationals represented at the Jerusalem Missionary Con- Other Religions Good Enough r ference was to the effect that Chris- tianity has no rival and that they The weakening of Christian con- had failed to find in the religions viction is paralleled by a growing of the Orient what they had found appreciation of the non-Christian in Christ. A syncretistic religion religions. A group of students who is no religion. A non-redemptive were asked the question "Is one religion is no true religion. A rereligion as good as another?" replied "Yes, for the man whose re- ligion that is a mosaic constructed ligion it is." If one were to ask by an eclectic process is no reli- "Is one system of medicine as good gion. Those who know the nonas another?" a different response Christian religions best are those would be given. Why? who are most missionary-minded;

IS·MISSIONARY SACRIFICE JUSTIFIED?

and the critics of Christianity, row patriotism to other nations.

from the point of view of world If America is for the Americans, religions, cancel one another. then why not China for the Chi- No Religion to Export nese and Africa for the African? Thus we would build a wall around Criticism arises from another nations, compelling them to live source. Weare told America has for themselves and for themselves no religion to export. "We need alone. This is impossible. What all we have. America is not a have we that is born entirely out Christian country herself. It is of our own national life? Is our hypocrisy on her part, in the light literature, our music. our art, our of her race prejudice, her internal law of our own making ? We are lawlessness, her banditry, her po- debtors, and joyful debtors, to the litical corruption, to commend her Italian, the German, the. Russian, religion to other people." Such the French, the English. Our mu- criticism has in it a sting. We, sic halls are filled with the melody however, are not commending of foreign music, and our art gal- American civilization or our or- leries speak of the contribution ganized Christianity; we are com- which other nlltions have made to mending Christ and the Gospel of the beautiful. We can erect no His love. The criticism itself, how- tariff walls against truth and good- ever, is masked hypocrisy. We ness and beauty. The tides of could as truly say "We need all truth and error beat on every the culture and education we pos- shore. Ideas do not ask permission sess; we need all the hygiene, the to enter from any customs officer medical science we possess; we on earth. There is no wall high need all the wealth we have for enough or strong enough to keep there is poverty and need at our out the truth, whether that truth doors." belongs in the realm of science or In the realm of the soul, giving art or, religion.

does not impoverish but withhold- And people do not want walls ing drags men and nations down to keep out truth. They are reach- to death. Behind this attitude lies ing out eagerly after more truth.

a subtle nationalism that has de- Those who say that China and In- veloped in America since the war dia and Mrica do not want the and which, in political life, shows truth are not speaking the truth itself in an Americanism that has themselves. Christianity is truth, an imperial flavor but is neverthe- and what the Church means to do less provincial. The Christian and will not be disuaded from do- Church, in leading out into paths ing is to lay that truth down be- of world service, voices a protest side the truth of every department against a narrow and selfish patri- of life, of every age and of every otism and lifts the eyes of all our land, and let men choose to take people to the gates of opportunity or choose to leave. When it is said that are everywhere open. that China has driven out tl).e mis- Non-Interference Palicy sionaries, and therefore does not wish what they have to contribute, This same narrow nationalism there is a misunderstanding of the finds justification in ascribing the situation and a misrepresentation same rights and privileges and nar- of the facts. I can only speak of 2

what I know. In all contacts with the missionary endeavors of the Japanese, Koreans and Chinese past centuries can show results during months of intense study of criticism will be silenced. Has the the missionary work at first-hand, foreign missionary enterprise been after repeated personal interviews, successful? Have foreign missions one impression remains that there failed in China? Because tourists, is a sense of gratitude on the part circling the globe, stop at port of the peoples of the Orient for cities and see no cathedral spires, the work done through the mission- and listen without adequate underary enterprise. standing of the situation to the cynicism of those who go out to Of course mistakes have been exploit the "heathen," they return made. Methods have often been saying "Missions have failed." Beill-judged. Rivalries have existed, cause long years go by without theologies have been in conflict; showing quick returns men turn natives have been kept too long and look at their neighbors and under tutelage; missionaries have say "Is it worth while?" Business too often been masters and not men take their pencil and figure servants; but after all the record overhead, and shake their heads. is added up we "see welcoming When men and women in the enhands and -loving hearts waiting thusiasm of their first love go for those who come offering the forth to the malarial districts of Gospel of grace and truth. Any- Africa, and before their first furone who thinks that the Orient lough comes round their lives are does not need the healing of the Gospel, let him read Hu Shih's ar- ended-what shall we say? No ticle "Civilization of the East and one raises his voice because Cap- West" in Whither Mankind. In tain Scott went off into the Antthat essay the oft-repeated state- arctic in the interests of scientific ment that the East is spiritual and exploration and laid down his life the West materialistic is analyzed in loneliness and silence in that and overthrown. Hu Shih does far-off, uninhabited region. There not commend Christianity but is no voice of criticism, but only clears the way for it. Speaking a glad acclaim, for the courage and of the Chinese religions he says: heroism of Commander Byrd who "Do we earnestly think it moral sets out to sketch the outline of or spiritual to inculcate in that ice barriers and inland seas and beggar-woman a false belief which mountain ranges that have no reshall so hypnotize her to make her lation to human happiness or sowillingly live and die in such dire conditions where she ought not to cial welfare; but when men and have been had she been born in a women go forth to lay down their different civilization? No! a thou- lives in a foreign land in order sand times no! All those hypnotic that there may come an increase religions belong to an age when of peace and joy and human hapman had reached senility and felt piness and eternal hope to their himself impotent in coping with fellow men, the voice of criticism the forces of nature." is heard proclaiming the offering up of unnecessary sacrifice. Have Missions Failed! Whose lives have been laid America is a nation of pragma- down? Whose money has been extists. We test truth by results. If

IS MISSIONARY SACRIFICE JUSTIFIED?

pended? Who have made the sac- gard and give it every possible fa- rifice? Does criticism come from cility for its propagation." Who the Church that has provided the said that? Admiral Saito, the Jap- life and the money to fulfill the anese governor-general of Korea.

last great commission of our Lord? "The foreign mission era in Ja- Have the heroes and heroines who pan is not yet drawing to a close have laid the foundations of a bet- and any misconception in that re- ter world complained? Did Horace gard should be dissipated and the Pitkin, who gave his life in mar-· sympathy, the prayers, and the ac- tyrdom to China, after two years tive participation of American of service, complain? Do the men Christians encouraged to the full- and women who share the sacrifice est extent possible." Who said by their contributions and consist- that? A conference of Japanese, ent support complain? Who are held at Karuizawa in 1928.

the critics who write and speak The Presbyterian Board of For- against the missionary enterprise? eign Missions spends every year What sacrifices have they made? now in foreign missionary work What investments have they in the a little over six million dollars; proposition? Does heroism belong two-thirds coming from the home only to the adventurer and the sol- church and one-third given by the dier and the aviator and not to the people in foreign lands and of this social worker, the minister, the money two-thirds is spent in the missionary who gives his life with- support of American missionaries out complaint and without any and one-third on the support of thought of heroism or reward, that native work. For every dollar we may have a Christ-like world? spent on a school or college or hos- David Livingstone, who laid down pital anywhere in the foreign mis- his life in Africa, said "I never sionary field the native people made a sacrifice." James Chal- themselves give two dollars. How mers, whom Robert Louis Steven- absurd, then, to say that it takes son called "The greatest man in a dollar to send a dollar.

the Pacific," said "Let us stop talk- It has been pointed out that for ing about the twaddle of sacrifice." all the hospital work and dispen- Failure is written over all that saries carried on by the Presby- man touches, and yet among all terian Church in foreign lands, and the enterprises which have been there are eighty-nine hospitals and handled by human hands and in- one hundred twenty-two dispen- spired by human hearts there is saries, the church at home provides none that has had such magnificent less than sixty thousand dollars.

success, such abiding and continu- If you compare that outlay in mon- ous reward as the work of the for- ey with the returns in service, with eign missionary enterprise. the cost of supporting the hospital A Few Concrete Facts in your own village, or your own city, you will be amazed. The same Suppose we dogmatically and is true in the realm of education without verification put down a and of church support.

few missionary facts. "There is One of the greatest of our Chris- scarcely a place in which the in- tian philosophers said "Every fluence of Christianity is not felt. truth that enters the world enters We hold Christianity in high re- through an individual, a conscious,

reasonable, moral man." If this nation rose up in response to the is so, the truth must be mediated call that came out of Flanders through personality and the mis- Field. They could not bear the sionary is the personality who thought of breaking faith with mediates the truth of Christianity those who died in Freedom;s cause. to the people of non-Christian lands. The lives of these mission- The call that comes out of the misaries of far-off days and of yester- sion fields, where sleeps the sacred day and today belong in the hall dust of men and women and little of fame and their heroism belongs children who, for Christ's sake, to the finest assets of history. The forgot home and friends and na- British government has completed tive land, cannot be drowned out a circle of soldier-patriot graves by the voice of noisy critics who around the world. So has the have never made a sacrifice and Christian Church. Men of every who are satisfied to live for them- selves.

CHRISTIAN MISSIONS THE BEST INVESTMENT FOR LIFE .i S A MAN grows old and the end of the road begins to come into view he I'1 asks 'himself some serious questions: "Have I invested life in the best way? Have I given it to the highest and the richest causes? Have I laid out whatever God gave me in the way which would best please Jesus Christ. Men and women who have given their lives to the foreign missionary enterprise, do not question as to whether they did right in thus devoting their lives. They have no desire to do otherwise than they have done. Dr. John L. Nevius was one of the most cautious and prudent of all the missionaries of the Church. I heard him say that he never had come home from China on a furlough without meeting ministers at home who regretted that they had not gone as missionaries, but that he never, in his long life, had met a foreign missionary who regretted having gone.

Some years ago I visited a little village in southwestern Scotland, the name of which is unknown to the world save for one thing. There in the midst of the village at the end of the village green was the monument to Robert Moffatt who had gone out from that village to Africa. He lifted the little unknown Scotch town into the deathless records of service rendered for mankind. Who would know Blantyre, the hamlet of weavers' homes, not far from Glasgow, were it not for the fact that out of one humble weaver's house in that village went David Livingstone to rend the night of Africa asunder and let in the light? Who, of the thousands of visitors to the city of Calcutta, ever asks to be shown the house in which Thackeray was born, or the house in which Macaulay lived, or the palace where Warren Hastings reigned? But many a discerning foreigner asks to be taken out to the little Dutch burying ground of Serampore to see the resting place of William Carey, the English cobbler who rediscovered and retaught the world the glory of this missionary ideal.

Even when lives are not lifted clear up and written visibly on the record as these lives have been, still when men and women have given themselves to this enterprise and have been forgotten, they are well content, because they know that they have built all they have had into the best and most enduring work that could be done in the world. Dr. Joseph P. Cochran of Urumia, Persia, was a prince in the land where he lived. His name was all the passport that any traveler required. He went through the most turbulent regions of Western Asia, healing thousands of sick folks, the counsellor and judge among the helpless himself a bulwark of justice and confidence in the disturbed sections of western Persia and eastern Turkey. He did all this in his quiet and unadvertised way, and was well content that he had put his life in the richest and purest enterprise in the world. Thousands of others with joy also have hidden their lives, unknown to men, in the unseen but enduring service of the stranger peoples.-Robert E. Speer, in "Are Foreign Missions Done For?"

MISSIONARIES CAUSE TROUBLE?

BY PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE. New Haven, Conn. Pro,. 0' Mia,ion, ana Oriental History, Yale Unlver,itll ARE missionaries well-inten- hastened the disintegration of tioned bunglers? Do they put primitive peoples-in the Pacific unintelligent hands upon old Islands, for example. By insisting customs and beliefs. thereby up- that the natives be clothed in Eusetting the balance of nicely ad- ropean fashion it is charged that justed cultures and working harm1 missionaries at times have accen- Such charges are frequent and in tuated the spread of disease. By various forms have been made al- attacking the initiation rites by most since the beginning of the which youths at puberty are made Protestant missionary enterprise. full members of the tribe, mission- The English East India Company aries, so it is said, have hastened long forbade missionaries in its the break-up of the tribe and of territories and would not carry old forms of social control. Some them on its ships because it be- of the forms of education introlieved that by attacking established duced by mission schools, it is religious beliefs they would arouse claimed, have unfitted their pupils antagonism and jeopardize trade. for their environment. Among Many a merchant in China today some backward peoples, whose life declares that the missionary is re- must be chiefly simple agriculture sponsible for the present chaos and and industry, there has been too that but for him the Chinese would much of the literary in the curristilI be undisturbed and docile. culum, and graduates have been These criticisms, when from fitted to fill clerkships but not to merchants, can be quickly dis- take a helpful part in the life of counted, for they usually arise their native villages. We have, it from self-interest. Somewhat more is declared, introduced types of serious are those of travelers who education evolved in the Occident declare that to the missionary is without adjusting them to local due the passing of the features situations. These critics continue which made the life of non-Euro- by declaring that the missionary pean peoples distinctive and which has interpreted the great commiswere an expression of native gen- sion as commanding him to teach ius. The substitution of pale limi- the English language, Western tations of European and American democracy, and feminism to every culture and a dull, world-wide uni- creature. formity would not only make the It must be freely admitted that human race less picturesque but more than once the missionary has would threaten that progress which made mistakes. At times he has comes from the interaction of dif- confused the Gospel with Western ferent civilizations. Still more se- institutions and has thought that rious are the more thoughtful by introducing the latter, uncriticisms of well-informed and changed, he was aiding in the propwell-trained observers. Some of agation of the former. He has these claim that missionaries have attacked some customs too hastily, 841

without seeking so to modify them better calculated to contribute to that the good might be preserved human welfare. The facts show and the evil eliminated. He has that practically every culture bad- not always been wise in adapting ly needs improvement. There is educational methods to local situ- no small amount of fallacy in the ations. Often, too, without the theory that each people, left to it- mIssIonary wishing it, native self, works out the civilization best Christians have scorned their own fitted to its own genius and needs.

heritage and have copied the for- Have we of the Occident done so?

eigner's dress and manners. I viv- Only the blind among us deny that idly recall hearing a graduation the West has something to learn oration, in English, in a mission from other peoples. Certainly no middle school in China, in which one of us would claim that our most of the illustrations were civilization is faultless.

drawn from America and the few What is true of our own is true from China were inserted only up- of other cultures. The romanticism on the missionary's insistence. which pictures the South Sea Is- Some destructive movements, landers as living an ideal life be- moreover, like the T'ai P'ing Re- fore the coming of the white man bellion, have arisen from the mis- simply ignores the facts. No one sionary without his planning or who really knows would declare approving them. that Indian, Chinese, or Japanese The Gospel Is Revolutionary civilizations before the advent of the European were perfect. Every It must also be admitted, and cultUre, even the most primitive, this time gladly, that the Gospel has features to commend it. There is revolutionary. The early dis- is no one, however, which does not ciples were accused of turning the need altering, often radically. If world upside down-and this has the Gospel, through the mission- always been the result where the ary, can effect the necessary Gospel has been consistently changes, it should be welcomed.

preached and lived. Every civili- Critics, moreover, are often blind zation, including our own, has in- to another fact: other forces than stitutions and customs which are missions are bringing about the damaging to the highest life and destruction of non-European cul- which should be modified or en- tures. One of the outstanding fea- tirely eliminated. Who of us would tures of human history during the deny that war, many of our race past four hundred, and especially prejudices, our drinking customs the past hundred years, has been -all of them seemingly integral the expansion of Europe. Euro- parts of our life-could not profit- peans have gone to every corner ably be abolished? So, too, polyg- of the globe. They have settled amy, slavery, infanticide, and a the Americas, they have conquered host of other customs-all of them and partitioned Africa and the is- sanctioned by long practice, most lands of the Pacific, and all of Asia of them arising out of attempts is either politically subject to them to deal with real problems, and in or has saved itself from that fate defence of which cogent arguments only by adopting much of Euro- can be adduced-ought to be sup- pean culture. This expansion of planted by institutions and ideals Europe, as we all know, has been

DO MISSIONARIES CAUSE TROUBLE?

attended by the disappearance or some rather than unwholesome, extensive modification of non-Eu- constructive rather than exclusive- ropean cultures. The people does ly destructive. While the trader not exist which has not been pro- and even the colonial official and foundly affected. Missions have diplomat have all too often brought taken a part in this expansion of non-white peoples in contact chiefly Europe, but they have not been the with the unlovely, materialistic, only and usually they have not been disintegrating features of Occi- the most influential part of it. The dental civilization, the missionary primary causes of the expansion has made it his chief purpose- of Europe are economic. It is pri- although he has not always so marily for markets and for raw stated it-to bring to these peoples materials that the white man has the constructive, helpful elements penetrated Asia, Africa, and the of EUropean life. The revolution South Seas. It was chiefly to im- would have come without him, but prove their lot in material things he has made and is making it in- that Europeans poured into North finitely more helpful than it could and South America and into Aus- otherwise have been. Here, indeed, tralia and New Zealand. is one of the great reasons for the From this it follows that great support of missions. We of the revolutionary changes would have West who have destroyed so much occurred in non-European cultures that is good in the life of other had no missionary ever left his peoples owe it to them to contrib- native land. No one can study ute as well whatever of spiritual fairly and carefully the mode.rn and moral values we possess.

history of China or of Africa-to Modifying the Revolution take two very different examples -without becoming convinced that The evidences of this wholesome, both of these great lands would constructive effect of missions are have had their cultures destroyed many. Missionary history and cur- or profoundly altered had no mis- rent happenings abound in them.

sionaries set foot on their soil. It In Africa it is the missionary was because British merchants- who is carrying the brunt of the wished greater trading privileges burden of educating the negro and that England forced open the doors the Bantu. More and more he is of China. It is the employment of seeking to adapt his methods to thousands of blacks in the mines meet the needs peculiar to the situ- in Johannesburg and in the Bel- ation-to train his students to help gian Congo and upon plantations improve the agriculture and the and government works all over industries of their people. Old Negro Africa that is breaking tribal controls and moral stand- down the tribal system and the old ards are collapsing, and unless a forms of social control throughout substitute can be found, the last that great continent. state of the Africans will be worse What the missionary has done than the first. The missionary, by and is doing is to modify, often holding up and inculcating high very profoundly and beneficially, moral standards and by bringing the revolution brought by the Eu- in a fresh moral and spiritual dy- ropean. . He has helped to make namic, is the one hope. Colonial the impact of the Occident whole- authorities can pass laws and ill-

troduce secular education, but they tianity and to drop those features cannot implant that inner impulse which are most repugnant to the without which salvation and prog- Christian ethic. Influential reli- ress are impossible. The mission- gious movements such as the Brah- ary, moreover, has stood up for the rna Samaj and the Arya Samaj blacks against those whites who either had their inception in im- would exploit them. He has fought pulses brought by the missionary and is fighting slavery. He was or have been profoundly modified usually the pioneer in introducing by them. Rabindranath Tagore modern medicine and he continues owes a great debt to Christianity, to reenforce what European coloni- partly through the Brahma Samaj al governments are now doing to with which some of his family have combat the diseases that are threat- been associated. Gandhi himself, ening the population. He has re- by his own confession, has been duced scores of languages to fundamentally influenced by the writing and has prepared in them New Testament-although not nec- most of what literature is avail- essarily through the agency of the able. He has stood against infan- missionary.

ticide and has brought self-respect In Burma whole tribes, such as to womanhood. the Karens, have been wholesome- In the Near East-where the ly made over by the representatives greed and intrigues of European of American Baptists and are, ac- powers have brought wars and cordingly, better and not worse for have helped to make the very name the coming of the OccidentaI. The Christian anathema-the mission- same is true among the Battaks of ary has helped to introduce new Sumatra, thanks to German mis- life into ancient churches. He has sions.

built and maintained hospitals, and In China the missionary was the in his schools many of the leaders pioneer of that Western education have been trained who are leading which the Chinese now wish to their peoples in the inevitable and adopt and adapt. Without his necessary readjustment to new schools the Chinese would not now conditions. as quickly be making their adjust- In India the education and dig- ment to the Western world. It nity of women have been empha- was Yung Wing, trained by S. R.

sized. In mission schools a re- Brown, who brought about the ligious content has been given to sending of the first contingent of the secular education which the government students to go abroad.

British government has introduced. A large proportion of the presi- New hope has been brought to the dents and teachers of government depressed classes-a door opened schools in China are graduates of for escape from the age-long servi- Christian institutions. Sun Yat- tude which has been their unhappy sen, the most influential of modern lot. The spirit created by the mis- Chinese and, whatever his faults, sionary helped in the abolition of chiefly responsible for injecting the burning of widows. The great something of idealism into the self- non-Christian faiths of India, es- ish welter of Chinese politics, had pecially Hinduism, are tending to much of his training at the hands emphasize those features which of Protestant Christians in Hawaii they have in common with Chris- and China and was himself a pro-

fessed Christian. Of the ten heads universities are Christians and of cabinet bureaus in the Nanking others have Christian wives. The Government today, six are Prot- existence of a Kagawa, with his estant Christians and two of the passion for improving the lot of six are sons of Protestant minis- the masses caught in the rapidly ters. The most powerful military growing industrial machine, would figure in China, Feng Yii-hsiang, alone have justified the missionary movement in that country, and is well known as a professing Christians, like Yoshino, less well- Christian, and while even his known in the Occident, increase friends find much in him to de- Japan's debt to the missionary. plore, he and his influence are undoubtedly more wholesome because These examples might be multiof his long contacts with mission- plied many fold but should be sufaries. Modern medicine in China ficient to make clear the truth of owes its introduction to the mis- the assertion that the missionary sionary, and most of the best medi- movement has been far more concal education is still under Chris- structive than destructive. It is, tian auspices, with results for the indeed, in our rapidly changing ethical and scientific standards of world, one of the most hopefulthe future' medical profession of some of us think the most hopeful the country which may be very -of present day enterprises. far-reaching. The contribution of When all around us cultures are the missionary toward famine re- collapsing and being revolutionlief, the fight against opium, the ized, and the secularism of the Oc- cident is destroying much of the improvement of agriculture, and moral and spiritual values of their a dozen other movements for moral past, the missionary is attempting and social reform are almost too -and often successfully-to bring well-known to require comment. in a moral and spiritual dynamic which will reenforce all that is best In Japan the Christian group, of the old and to lead to still greatas in China, is influential all out of proportion to its size. Several er achievement. of the presidents of the imperial I ONCE heard the representatives of all the missionary agencies at work in Turkey tell President Roosevelt that they wanted no military protection or naval enforcement of their missionary rights. And as to China the vast majority of our missionaries have lived far beyond the reach of gunboats or marines, and their work has rested on no such support. Foreign missionaries want no special privileges or protection. All that they want is the recogniiton of the fundamental rights of religious freedom and liberty of conscience which every nation ought to recognize for all people, citizens and foreigners, and such honest government and maintenance of order and administration of justice as every nation ought to provide equally for all who reside within its borders. The essential question, which is not a missionary question at all, is whether any nation can expect to enjoy equal rights in the comity of nations without fulfilling equal duties? If in any respect this principle condemns America, then America is condemned. And likewise Persia and likewise China. But it is not true that in any land American missionaries have relied on gunboats or soldiers for the propagation of Chris- tianity. It is true that they have expected of China the fulfilment of her honest duties and the recognition of broad human rights. But they have expected nothing of China that China ought not to have expected of herself. -Robert E. Speer, in "Are Foreign Missions Done For?"

A QUEST OR A CONQUEST?

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, New York W EARE often told in these days that the foreign mission enterprise needs to be entirely reconceived. Formerly, it is said, Christianity regarded itself as the absolute and final religion and the work of foreign missions was conceived as a donation or displacement. Mis- sionaries went out to give to other peoples a religion and religious values which these other people did not possess. They even went with the idea of setting Christ in the place of supremacy over all others, to "Crown Him Lord of all." Now, however, it is held, Christianity must give up its exclusivism and recognize that each religion has its distinctive possession of truth and that Christianity has no right to go forth with the conquest or displacement idea. Foreign missions, accordingly, must now be regarded not as a conquest but as a quest, an effort to learn, not to teach, or to learn as much as to teach, with a view to one world-wide, inter-racial cooperative effort to as- semble out of all religions the distinctive contribution of each to the ultimate synthetic and universal religion of mankind.

This conception is both futile and false. It is futile because such a con- ception would never have produced the foreign missions movement and can- not maintain it. Men and women might go out on this idea to make a world cruise or for brief and comfortable visits but not to spend their lives, often in hard and lonely places, at the sacrifice of home values and especially the education of their children. Nor will the missionary enterprise spring from religious doubt. The people who have not found what satisfies them in Christianity, and who propose that the Church should send out the missionaries to find something better than Christianity or to supplement and improve Christianity, are not the people who supply the missionaries who go or who furnish the funds to send them. The foreign mission enterprise springs from and rests upon adequate convictions. Doubt as to the sufficiency and universality of Christianity is not a substitute for such convictions.

This new conception of foreign missions is also false. Christ needs nothing from anyone. No other religious teacher has any contribution to make to Him. In Him dwells all the fulness of the Godhead. He is the final and sufficient revelation of God and the only Saviour and Redeemer of man. This is the New Testament representation. It is the solid and unalterable foundation of foreign missions. Foreign missions are not a search for a new and better religion. They are not an attempt to find something that is not already in Christ. They are the effort of those who have heard of Christ to take what they have heard to the whole world in order that all men together may learn more of Him.

We who know Christ do not claim that we know all that there is to know of Him. We say just the opposite. But it is all there and we need all men to help in its discovery and its experience. One reason for bringing the knowledge of the Gospel to the whole world and bringing the whole world into the search for the infinite richness of God in Christ is that only so can we attain the fuller knowledge of Christ which is God's will for us. We do not go out to find something in the non-Christian religions that is not in Christianity. We go to enlist all men in the search for what is in Christ alone and in Him in divine sufficiency and completeness. Foreign Missions are indeed a great quest of the Church. But they are not a quest for something to be added to Christianity. They are a quest for an ever enlarging and enriching understanding of the fulness of Christ.-Fr01n "Are F'oreign Missions Done For?"

CHRIST THE ONLY WAY OF LIFE?

THE UNIQUENESS AND SUPREMACY OF CHRISTIANITY "WBY REV. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL, D.D., Poughkeepsie, New York HY send missionaries to Moslems I hope you will be es- the heathen? They are pecially careful not to disturb their good old heathen; let them religious faith which has so much alone." So said Henry W. Shaw that is excellent in it."

(better known as Josh Billings, Here is a modern opinion, inthe humorist) to me in a serious creasingly popular and jyst the reconversation more than fifty years verse of the old one. The up to ago. His opinion was that all who date opponent of missions says dwell outside of Christian lands that the non-Christian religions are hopelessly degraded, and their are so highly spiritual or so effecreligions are a mass of supersti- tive morally that missionaries are tions: like people, like priest: why needless, and that we might with waste effort upon them? profit sit as learners at the feet That opinion, born of ignorance, of the Eastern sages. Even cerhas by no means disappeared. The tain of our mission workers would opponent of missions has nour- retain the old religion of the land ished it as furnishing a good rea- as best suited to the people, and son for his attitude. And often would undertake only to fill it with the missionary unintentionally has a Christian spirit. They would ofprovided material for it by pre- fer Christianity, not as a substisenting only the evils and defects tute, but as a supplement or crown he encountered. His strong appeal to what is already possessed. This has been, "Can we unmoved be- complete volte-face has been hold such wretchedness and utter brought about partly by access to ignorance of things divine?" There the sacred books of the ethnic rewas no intention to deceive: he ligions, partly by increasing inwas telling what filled his vision timacy with the higher classes who to the exclusion of all else, and once shunned or despised forthat wrung his heart as he wished eigners, partly by a natural reacit to wring ours: but it was decep- tion from the unfairness of the tion, nevertheless. However, it is old opinion, and in no small only fair to add that the mission- measure by a failure to realize or ary, as he penetrated into the life to emphasize that which is unique and religions of non-Christian in Christianity.

lands, became our main source of We might have known, even be- information about their best fea- fore studying them, that each of tures as well as their worst. the great religions must contain Not long ago a Harvard profes- truth and light; otherwise it never sor, before whom I was placing the could have gained its millions of plans for a Christian University adherents. The soul may stay hunin Egypt, gave hearty approval to ger with husks when bread is not the educational scheme, but added, at hand; but it can get no nour- "In your dealings with these young ishment from stones and scorpions, 347

and turns away when they are of- feet manhood in unbroken harmony fered, no matter in what disguise. with God. Concerning what other Assuredly, we do not follow our religious leader could this be truly Master or exalt Christianity by re- said? Our age has little reverence, fusing to see good anywhere ex- and takes a malicious pleasure in cept in it. Nor can we be of real pointing out stains and blemishes helpfulness to the follower of an- in figures that formerly were held other religion unless we have a up for admiration; and yet there clear knowledge of what he is seek- never was a time when Jesus was ing from his religion and what he so highly esteemed as today by so has already gained. The mission- many students of His life. The ary must be able to say, "I see the sneers at His claims and the foul height towards which you are jeers about His acts that were cur- pressing, and I rejoice in the rent a few generations ago, would progress you have made toward today be denounced as intolerable.

it"; otherwise his offer of leader- Are men developing a keener spir- ship will not be understood or will itual perception? Even those who be rejected. But if he is true to hate Christianity give open praise Christianity, he must next say, to its Founder. They may not be "this path which you follow ends willing to shape their lives accord- at a cliff or a chasm, and by it ing to His teachings, but they con- you cannot reach the goal; let me fess that it would be better for show you another and more excel- all men if they did, and that He lent way." In other words, he will is the ideal for everyone every- maintain that no non-Christian re- where.

ligion, however excellent, can be This universal appeal of Jesus classed with Christianity or be is another unique feature. Con- made equal to it by certain emen- fucius is typical Chinese; Gautama dations and improvements; be- is thoroughly Oriental; Mahomet cause, while Christianity has all is a son of the desert and of the the truths that make other reli- seventh century; but Jesus is not gions helpful, it has gained them felt to be an ancient Palestinian in a strikingly different way and Jew; He belongs to all lands and one inseparably connected with all ages, the Elder Brother of all further and greater truths which men. Truly, even though no claim it alone possesses. . of deity were made for Him, He remains the Incomparable One. Wherein Is Christianity Unique 1 And when we place Him beside the What has Christianity to offer founders and saints of other re- that other religions have not, and ligions, He towers so high above that justifies the proffer of it ih them that resemblances seem in- their place? The answer is indi- significant.

cated in its very name: Christi- The uniqueness is still more evi- anity is the Christ religion; He dent in the divine Saviour, the Re- is its Alpha and Omega, the Way, deemer of the world. Other reli- the Truth and the Life; and there gions give us touching examples is none other like Him anywhere. of men struggling up from the pit He is unique as the Great Gali- of sin and lending a hand to some lean, teaching divine truth with weaker brother; but only in Christ authority, and living a life of per- is God seen reaching down with

IS CHRIST THE ONLY WAY OF LIFE?

pity and with sore pain to draw even more than the Cross; for it them forth from the lowest depths is the most effective fact in Chrisand place their feet upon the rock. tian experience. The power of His The Cross stands forth as a proc- resurrection enables them to enter lamation of man's degradation and into the fellowship of His suffer- God's immeasurable love. It makes ings and to accomplish His work. intense our sense of sin. In non- Christian lands sin rarely means In other religions one may look more than the breaking of some back to the founders and leaders, man-made law, or the neglect of may study their lives as examples some prescribed rite, or the indul- and treasure their teachings for gence of disturbing desires, or the guidance, and then strive as best effect of ignorance and illusion; he can to reproduce what thus is and with such shallow meaning it placed before him; but the Chriscannot create deep concern. But tian, while not neglecting the past, the Cross reveals to us the heart looks to a present, living Lord for of the Father and our own attitude the inspiration, the wisdom, the towards Him; and sin as the ex- cheer and the strength he needs. pression of our defiance of His lov- "I live; yet not I; Christ liveth ing will beComes terribly impor- in me," is his explanation of what tant. The Cross is also the he is and does. If it be true that assurance of forgiveness, bringing the church today is less strong, a peace that is not the Buddhist alert and faithful than in some calm of indifference to the world, former periods, may not one cause not the Islam submission to the of such decline be that the modern inscrutable will of Allah, but is emphasis of the historic Jesus has the restfulness of a child who re- made it less mindful of the everposes on a father whom he loves present Christ? To look back and trusts, a peace that rises to across the centuries for our Great joy unutterable. The Cross is "the Leader, forgetting that He is with power of God unto salvation"; and us now and always, is to ignore all other schemes of atonement seem childish and worthless in the most vital truth in the Chriscomparison. tian religion, and to claim for our- selves no greater privilege than A Living Power other religions offer.

Most unmistakable of all is the From Christ are gained the othuniqueness of the Risen Christ who er great truths that distinguish abides with His disciples every- Christianity. The most important where and evermore. There is of them all, because the foundation none like Him in any other reli- of all, is the truth concerning God. gion. "He is risen" is the witness Confucianism is agnostic; Budthat His followers bear unto the dhism and Hinduism are pantheuttermost part of the earth. With istic, though constantly tending to Christ, in Christ, through Christ, sink into polytheism; Mohammeby Christ-thus they try to express His presence and His control of danism is the only great religion their lives. In their preaching, if that shares with Christianity a they follow the pattern set by Paul, conception of a personal God, both they emphasize the resurrection deriving it from JUdaism. But the personal God of Islam is a deified Arab sheikh, imperious, arbitrary, emphasizing power. He is to be

obeyed without explanation, wor- state of mind incomprehensible shiped without communion, and en- and closely resembling utter fool- treated as the merciful, not the ishness.

loving. The Christian God is the Sympathy, which stirs up phi- holy and loving Father of Him who lanthropy, is a feeble sister of the is our Elder Brother as well as our mighty passion of love which im- Lord. We know Him through pels evangelism. Christianity is Christ and in Christ. "He that the only religion that can justly hath seen Me hath seen the Fa- claim to be truly missionary. Is- ther." The Moslem stands before lam may match it in burning zeal Allah as a slave; the Christian be- to make converts; but what it fore God as a son; the difference seeks is not so much the welfare is worldwide. of the convert as the increase of The brotherhood of man is a its domain and power. Buddhism truth that finds some recognition has a mild inclination to proclaim everywhere; men are not so selfish to the ignorant world its secret of as utterly to miss it. But it cannot surcease from sorrow, provided have full meaning and power un- the effort is not too disturbing.

less it is based on the loving father- Christianity alone is so vitally mis- hood of God and the worth of each sionary that when the mission im- human soul as revealed by Christ. pulse ceases the religion itself dies.

Islam bases it upon religious fel- For a Christian lives by loving and lowship, thus limiting it to the fol- giving; and when he begins to lowers of the prophet. Hinduism shut himself away from those with bases it upon spiritual condition, whom he might share his most pre- as indicated in the scale of castes. cious possession, the Gospel of the Buddhism proclaims that all are Cross and the Resurrection a hard- bound on the same wheel of life ening of the spiritual arteries is and have brotherhood in suffering, setting in, and death is not far but it discourages sympathy, lest distant.

the way to nirvana be made longer Shall the church give up its for- by it. Confucius taught that all eign missions? is an idle question.

within the four seas are brothers, It may wisely give up certain fields, but he gave no strong basis or turning them over to the national bond for this brotherhood, and pre- workers; but it will simply trans- scribed a very negative benevo- fer its work to other fields still lence. Philanthropy, which is an needing the evangel. So long as expression of brotherliness, has anywhere the Cross has not been feeble roots unless it grows in planted and the Christ proclaimed, Christian soil. Concerning any suf- mission work among non-Chris- ferer, the Moslem asks, "Is he of tians can not cease unless the my faith?"; the Hindu, "Is he of church itself ceases.

my caste?"; the Confucian, "Is he The Future Life of my neighborhood?"; while the Buddhist sighs and says, "All life From Christ has come a con- is misery." And to all of these ception of the future life such as the readiness of the Christian to no other religion has. Confucius pour forth treasures of money and refused to speak of the future life, loving service in answer to the cry gIVIng as an excuse that we do of hunger or pain anywhere, is a not understand even the present

1(29) IS CHRIST THE ONLY WAY OF LIFE?

life. Gautama taught the dissolu- numbing grip of fatalism; since tion of anything like personal ex- the will of Allah cannot be known istence in the great ocean of or resisted why strive and strug- inpersonal being. The Hindu sages gle to be better or to make things looked forward to a succession of better?

deaths and rebirths so countless It is with good reason that lands in number that an ultimate heaven dominated by such teachings have is lost in the long perspective. stood still through the centuries or Mahomet pictured a paradise filled have gone slowly backwards.

with purely sensuous, if not actu- Christianity ever urges men to ally sensual, delights, whose fitting press forward, to make life broad- motto would be "Take thine ease; er and higher, to claim all things eat, drink and be merry." The for Christ, and to enter more fully heaven that Christ bids us look into His riches. His statement, forward to is well described by the "I came that they may have life, apostle Paul when he says he would and may have it abundantly" gives fain be absent from the body and the keynote and assurance for all "at home with the Lord." Heaven true progress. The rapidity with is companionship with Christ and which the Orientals are putting the Christlike; its joys are purely away the inhibitions of their re- spiritual; its occupations are those ligions and rousing themselves to inspired by love; and its possibil- action is one of the most important ities of spiritual and intellectual facts in the present world situa- development are endless. So Chris- tion. But their advance is not tianity teaches; and in this, as in true progress. Materialism, secu- all else, finds its assurance in the larism, greed for riches and the revelation of Christ. will to power have invaded the Ori- Christianity and Progress ent, even as they have Christian lands; and while rousing action, Christianity is the only religion are destroying religion and cor- that encourages progress, both in- rupting morals. Christianity fights dividual and national. Confucian- against these influences at home ism is ever looking back to the and abroad; and though the wise golden age of Yao and Shun, more leaders of the old faiths can hard- than four thousand years ago, and ly rejoice that it is in their midst, would mold all life into a stereo- they do welcome its aid in the bat- typed form prescribed by Kong, tle against such strong and deadly the master. Buddhism represses foes.

all ambition as an awaking of Christianity is unique in many the misery of insatiable desire, and other respects and differs so great- would have its followers sit with ly from other religions as to pro- folded hands meditating on the duce the effect of uniqueness. No transitoriness of all things. Hin- meption has been made of ethics, duism forbids, under direct penal- marriage, the position of women ties, any attempt to break the and children, morals, prayer, the barriers of caste and reach a high- sacred books, the form and spirit er position; each man must re- of worship, the ideals for life, the main in the station into which his attitude toward death or the !nO- deeds in a previous existence have tive power of the religion. These placed him. Islam feels ever the and still others should be also con-

sidered when we are considering has ever been waiting those who whether other religions are the need and seek it. But to treat equal of Christianity, and there- Christianity as a religion suited fore whether Christian missions only for certain races and certain are unnecessary. stages of culture, or to hold that what it contains differs but slight- Other religions give men's ly from the other great religions, thought about God, Christianity gives God's thought about men; or to regard its Founder as like they spring from experience, it other founders (if, indeed, we procedes from a revelation. We believe and rejoice that God has should speak of Jesus as founding not left Himself without a witness a religion, when what He really did in every age and land; though the Cross was raised on Calvary only was to offer Himself as its founnineteen hundred years ago, the dation), is greatly to misinterpret Lamb was slain from the founda- our Christian faith, and practically to deny Him whom we worship as tion of the world so that atonement the Only Begotten Son of the Fa- ther.

M EDICAL missionary work is the complete refutation of some current ideas which evaporate the missionary obligation. It is said by some that the East has as much to give as the West, and missions must be transformed into an interchange of treasures. This view breaks to pieces in the field of modern medicine and surgery. There are indeed homely remedies and some reasonable ideas of treatment of disease which have been developed in Asia and Africa, but these are negligible in comparison with what Western medicine and surgery can give to the rest of the world. All truth is universal.

Why is not the right and duty of spreading the truth of the universal Gospel of the One Saviour of the world just as valid and as manifest as the right and duty of offering the relief of modern medicine to the sick and suffering throughout the world?

Compare the cost of foreign missionary medical service with medical service in the United States. Take one American hospital and compare it with the expense and work of the 89 hospitals and 122 dispensaries maintained by the Presbyterian Board. Pre8byterian Forelun One Amerioan Mission HOBPitals H o8pital ana D'8pen8urie8 In patients ………………………… 4,402 59,093 Out patients ……………………….. 29,810 441,139 Treatments ………………………… 113,113 1,155,657 Earnings ……. . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $490,160 $540,605 Other income .•……………………… $621,238 $58,640 Operating expense …………………… $1,015,134 $599,245 Cost per patient ……………………. $34 $1.36 Cost per treatment …………………… $8.91 $0.52 If we consider only the money given, and not the earnings, the difference becomes even more amazing. The money received by this one American hospital from endowment and as ponations was $621,238. The total given for the 89 mission hospitals was only $58,640. It took $21 of benevolent gifts to care for one patient at home. Abroad each dollar given by the Church in the United States provided for 75 patients. On the scale of cost of this one home hospital, what it would have required a million dollars to do, the Mission Board did with less than sixty thousand. And yet foreign missions are called extravagant or inefficient!-Robert E. Speer, in "Are Foreign Mi8sion8 Done For?"

THE MESSAGE OUT OF DATE?

BY REV. W. B. ANDERSON, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

Secretary of the Board of Foreign Mis8ion8 of the United Pre8byterian Ohurch F OREIGN missions began in men at all. They were just living the days of the apostles, the witnesses of the Lord whom they result of the effort of the knew personally, and they were church to obey the command of J e- testifying to what He had done for sus to preach His Gospel to all the them. They were not directed by world. The teaching and the com- any boards or societies. They did mand of-Christ seem to have had not have a church organization in view only this one object, to worth the name. They did not have establish the missionary enter- any written New Testament. Yet prise. Certainly in the minds and the Gospel that they carried in the purpose of the simple-hearted their hearts and spoke with their followers of Christ in the first cen- tongues, contained all these things tury there was no other thought in embryo and was so vitally dyor intention than the giving to men namic that within a century it the "good news of God." Never worked such social miracles as the since those early days of the world has not witnessed since in Church has it had such vital power like proportions. The secret of the to compel the attention of men and success of missions in that day was to win them to a faith in Christ a simple Gospel, preached with the and a knowledge of God, resulting profound conviction of positive bein change of life. Today we might lief, and accompanied by the preswith profit attempt to discover the ence and blessing of the Spirit of secret of the power of that Gospel God. which they preached. There are critics of modern mis- To them the Gospel was a simple sions who maintain that missions message. It was "the good news today are declining in power beof Jesus Christ," the Son of God cause of the primitive Gospel that who lived a life of marvelous pur- they preach. These critics contend that the the;ology of a past generaity in the service of men, was cru- tion is repUlsive to the minds of cified and buried, rose from the civilized non-Christian people. dead, mingled again with His dis- They would bring the theological ciples, and ascended into heaven statements of missionaries more after promising that He would into harmony with their concepcome again. He had told them to tion of the "scholarly thinking" of wait in Jerusalem for the coming the day. They declare the dogmatof the Holy Spirit. They waited ic theology of the West to be unand the Holy Spirit came; then suited to the Eastern mind. It is they went out to tell men that God their conviction that the missionwas everywhere calling men to re- ary should be trained in a new pentance and to this new life that school of thought and sent out with was offered to them. a new culture and a new Christian doctrine. These disciples were not theologians, nor philosophers, nor so- Perhaps this experiment should ciologists. They were not learned 3 353

be tried, but if tried it should be ary enterprise as was shown in the remembered that it is an experi- lives of such men as Carey and his ment. It should be tried, too, in associates in India. Foreign mis- a field that is segregated from the sions are in fact but a section of fields where the Gospel is already the church of their day. This cause operating so that the results of the has always been represented by experiment may not be vitiated by those who have deep conviction and the presence and operations of the vital faith. Generally too, in the old method. There is much of the very nature of the case, it has been world that is untouched by the Gos- represented by persons of inde- pel and abundance of opportunity pendence of thought, the gift of to occupy a new field for a demon- initiative, and the spirit of adven- stration of an effort according to ture. As a rule it is not from the convictions of those who criti- among such men that narrow big- cize the content of present mission- ots are made. Probably a study ary teaching. It would be wise, of pioneers in religious thinking however, for missionary agencies would show that among foreign now proceeding according to the missionaries there have been as method that has been productive many pioneers, in proportion, as of so much good, not to lay aside in the church at home.

their present methods and substi- As a matter of fact, missionaries tute those of theorists, until the in general have had little time for theories have been tried and proved dogmatics. It has been said that, successful. "It is difficult to teach close com- What They Teach munion to a man who is worship- ing a cow." The fine points of To find fault with present mis- theology that have split the church sionary effort because the dogma at home into denominations have of the missionaries of the past gen- generally faded quickly from the eration is not acceptable to Chris- mind of the missionary as he faced tians of this generation is scarcely entirely new situations which fair. The missionaries of the past raised new questions for consid- generation carried with them the eration. His contacts with a non- dogma of the church in which they Christian people always drive him were reared. What was taught in back to the elements of the truth China and India by EUropean and of man's relation to God and to American missionaries fifty years his fellow man. When he comes ago was what was believed and to discuss religious truth with Ori- taught in the theological semina- ental minds that may be keener, ries in Europe and America at more cultured and more agile than that time. No doubt a careful in- his own, and with a wholly differ- vestigation would show that for- ent background of thinking, the eign missionaries of fifty years dogma of the theological schools ago were quite as open-minded in at home often stands him in little their approach to truth and quite stead and is then gradually dis- as liberal in their attitude to those carded for a more simple Gospel.

of other faiths as were their con- Particularly where doctrine af- temporaries at home. This was fects the administration of the af- certainly true in the days of the fairs of the organized church there beginning of the modern mission- must be accommodation to circum-

IS THE MESSAGE OUT OF DATE?

stances. Several years ago there planted the Gospel and permitted was being waged in one of the de- the church to grow. But this is nominations at home a vigorous true only to a certain extent, and conflict over a matter concerning in varying degrees in different practice in worship. A much in- missions. Today missionaries are terested elder was talking with one making earnest efforts to rectify of the women missionaries from this mistake. There is now a ne- India at home on furlough. In cessity for guarding against the his conversation he said, "On which danger of swinging to the opposite of the distinctive principles of the extreme and denouncing all that church do you lay most stress in has been taken to the mission fields your work in India?" Her reply simply because it has been taken was, "On this one, 'Thou shalt not from the West. eat carrion.''' This missionary had been working among the first Not all that has been taken there Christians reclaimed from the out- can be denounced and abandoned, caste people in the Punjab, and she for it was to take something that mentioned one of the social usages the missionary went and what he of the people that was causing con- went to take was the Gospel of siderable difficulty in the new Jesus Christ. This Gospel has inchurch. The missionary has had herent in it certain doctrines which his hands too full of practical ques- are essential. You may call these tions regarding the application of doctrines dogma if you will, but the Gospel to the social life of a still they remain an essential part new Christian community, and his of the Gospel carried by the mismind too full of the personal diffi- sionary. These were inherent in culties of some of the keenest that Gospel preached in the days thinkers he has ever met, to give of its might in the first century, much time to the propagation of and wherever the Gospel has disthe particular dogmas of his home played power since that time these church. doctrines have been at its heart. Any attempt to discount them by Correcting Mistakes dubbing them dogma and deleting them has resulted in an emascu- One would not for a moment at- lated Gospel-one that is simply tempt to defend the mistakes that a spiritual corpse. If a missionary have been made by missionaries of should carry such a Gospel, he the past generations. They lived would necessarily carry with it an in a time when convictions were organization and a system of teachstrong, when dogma had taken a ing, for such a dead Gospel would place out of due proportion to liv- have no power to germinate and ing, and when denominationalism produce a living church. was accepted as so natural a thing as not to call for defense. The These essential doctrines are the missionaries of those days did very ones that some modern critics transplant into the East a church would reject, and which they mainof Western development, with its tain are repulsive to the minds of modes of thought, its ritual of serv- non-Christian people to whom the ice, its architecture, its social cus- Gospel is carried. The vital essence toms, and its system of education. of the Gospel is its message of a They sometimes transplanted a personal God, Jesus who is the inchurch where they should have carnation of God, His atonement

for sin, His death and resurrection, of Jesus Christ, until some substiman's communion with God tute has been found to take its through faith in Him, His ascen- place. That substitute must not sion and coming again to the earth, be merely the child of the brain and man's hope of unending life of some theorist, but it must be in Him. This message is not mere- a practical working force that has ly a system to be taught to a peo- demonstrated its power to produce ple, but a life to be shown to them results better than those that have and lived among them. Truths that been produced by the Gospel. are of the very essence of this life will appear with the development That the Gospel preached by the of the life, and will be systematized foreign missionary has produced and taught by those living it. This results does not await demonstrais inevitable and desirable. tion. Millions of witnesses to its power to transform life are pres- Many of the dogmas of the ent in the world today, and are church may be matters of inter- gIvmg their testimony. The pretation of certain Scriptures or changes wrought in society are visstatements of certain deductions. ible on every side. Often the From among these some may be church at home and abroad, distrue and some may be false; some tracted from its one mission of may be in harmony with truth preaching this Gospel, has been while some may be out of propor- embarrassed by its lack of power tion to truth as a whole. In such and success, but whenever that dogmas are found the things with church has turned again to the which theologians all through the Gospel in its simplicity, it has excenturies have amused themselves. perienced a return of power and a They are, as it were, the religious resulting success in its divinely apgolf links of the religiously leisured pointed task. class. They afford diversion for such minds as those at which the What the cause of foreign mis- Persian poet, Omar Khayyam, sions needs today is not any subsmiled so cynically in his verses. stitute for the Gospel in its prime No doubt men in the Church will simplicity. What this enterprise continue to contend over these does need is that the church at things and they may even continue home and abroad should turn in to split the Church into fragments simple faith to the living Christ because of self-conceit that is cer- and in the power that He gave at tain that it has discovered the ul- Pentecost go out with the antimate in truth. But these things nouncement of the power of God are not of the essence of the Gospel. to turn men from sin and bring them to a knowledge of Himself. A question that should seem le- The whole confused world seems gitimate to our utilitarian age is to wait for some such demonstrathis, "Are foreign missionaries tion of the power of God through succeeding in revealing God to men the church. Such a demonstration and in bringing the lives of men has always come when men have into harmony with the law of preached this Gospel in its sim- God?" If in the laboratory of life plicity and never yet has come these results are being secured, through the use of any substitute then we must proceed with the for- for that Gospel, however acceptaeign missions of the simple Gospel ble it might seem to men.

THIS A CAPITALISTIC ENTERPRISE?

BY REV. FRANCIS J. McCONNELL, D.D., New York Bishop of the M"thodist Episcopal Churoh T HE question is becoming in- istically as we can. Then we ac- creasingly insistent as to the cept the missionary official's state- relation of missionary effort ment of the innocence of the to the capitalistic enterprises motives of mIssIonaries and which are searching out the re- churches while conceding a con- mote nooks and corners of the siderable measure of force to the earth for returns to investment. radical Nationalist's claim that Of course, the extremists on both back of the missionary effort, or sides see the problem as quite sim- along with it, or close to it, stands pIe. western capitalism. The mistake A certain type of ecclesiastical of the radical is in supposing that official declares that the church is the missionary is actuated by cap- not concerned in materialistic en- italistic aims, and that of the mis- terprises at all, beyond taking ad- sionary advocate is in failing to vantage of them to find openings take account of forces which may for the preaching of the Gospel. work through missions without his If his religious thinking took shape. thinking of them. The mission- before he had begun to hear much ary's motives are for the most part about the application of Christian- today recognized as genuinely re- ity to social problems, he is likely ligious.

to be especially urgent in avowing About a dozen years ago I met that the church is in non-Christian in Mexico a violent Nationalist lands to "save the souls of indi- who avowed her conviction that viduals" and that it is not inter- the missionary effort of the United ested in anything else. If mo- States had back of it the aggressive mentous changes are taking place determination of United States im- in those non-Christian lands perialism to annex Mexico econom- through the impact of Christian ically and politically. This Na- lands, he may declare that those tionalist was a woman of large changes are outside of his respon- intelligence, trained in American sibility and possibly outside of his and European universities, and field of view. had herself taught in a mission The radical nationalist of what- school in Mexico. She felt that ever non-Christian nation, on the even the "watchful waiting" policy other hand, will have it that Chris- of Woodrow Wilson was at bottom tian missions are an entering aimed at catching Mexico in a mo- wedge for western capitalism, or ment of extreme weakness and at at least are a smoke screen behind a crisis when pretexts for armed which capitalism wins its most de- intervention would appear most cisive victories. plausible. I shall never forget her Neither type of extremist is uncontrollable wrath at the men- worthy of much consideration. We tion of Wilson. Nevertheless this have to get as close to facts as furious Nationalist in all her out- we can and to look at them as real- breaks against the land from which 357

I came made it clear that she did Do Missions Aid Capitalism ~ not attack the good faith of missionaries. But she believed that Now, granting the sincerity of the sincerity of the missionaries and the success of their work in the missionary himself and even its more humanitarian phases made them all the more effective agen- of the bodies of supporters who cies through which imperialism could work. send him forth, what force is there I have in mind also a former in the criticism that mission work newspaper correspondent in China, is an aid to capitalism-and what himself utterly devoid of religious interests in any ordinary sense, can we do about it? First of all (if a man who calls himself an atheist can be said to be devoid we must recognize any basis of of religious interest) who declared that if he were to pick out the facts there may be in the criticism. one hundred foreigners in China We cannot close the case with the most influential with the Chinese, proof of our own good faith. That most of them would be mission- good faith is pretty generally conaries-the influence being due to ceded-but as the beginning and not the end of the critic's case. the manifest unselfishness of the There is an inescapable core of work of the missionaries. I fancy fact in the claim that Christian that this observer also would have missions are used-or at least can thought the missionaries uncon- be used-in aid of Western imscious propagandists of Western perialism. To say nothing of the capitalism. plans of the leaders of.imperialism, we must not lose sight of the fact I think that I am representing that the missionary comes of a fairly the viewpoint of the intelli- capitalistic civilization and that gent critics of missionary activity everything he is and does in the today. In well-informed circles the non-Christian land preaches for present-day charge is not that rep- the order out of which he comes. resentatives of the Christian It is the duty of every Christian-' Church in foreign fields are hypo- missionary or otherwise–in a noncritical or selfish or in any degree Christian land to stand for Chrislacking in moral genuineness. We tian values, and he tries to· stand do not even often hear, as we once for such values. All unconsciously did, that missionaries live in lux- to himself he may stand for some ury amid peoples sunk in poverty. other values which he regards as That criticism came from the type Christian but which may not be of tourist who used to learn less inherently and essentially Christhe more he traveled. Those today tian at all. who stand close to mission stations do not repeat those old-time accu- The essential Christian values sations. There is a quite general must have to do with good-will. I realization today that when a critic once knew a Christian traveling of missionary work begins to talk in China to insist that the mission- aries should lay more emphasis on thus he reveals at the outset that industriousness. This traveler was he does not know what he is talk- distressed because the Chinese ing about. seemed to take so long at their work-the work seemed inefficient judged by Western standards. What the traveler did not see was that there were more laborers in

1U29] IS THIS A CAPITALISTIC ENTERPRISE'!

China than material upon which sight, to see how wide a door is to work-and that slowness in opened the moment we think of a working was due to the extent to possibility like this. which the work had been divided up among the over-abundance of Missions and Imperialism laborers. For anyone man, or set of men, to have succeeded in car- Now look for an instant at the rying out the Christian traveler's advice would have meant anything problem of political imperialism. but the application of the Golden Rule. It would have meant that The missionary is at work in a many workers must lose their jobs. post in a non-Christian land in Of course, my illustration raises which there is rioting or civil disthe question as to whether Western turbance. The native police cannot industrialism would not give the insure the safety of the mission- .chinese more material on which ary's family in the event of an to work, but the illustration is per- easily incited anti-foreign uproar. tinent enough to suggest that under If only the missionary himself many circumstances we could not were involved, or even the missionpronounce industrial ideals which ary and his wife, we might readily Westerners take as self-evident to say, sitting in ministerial studies be Christian for a society like that or editorial offices thousands of of China.· In scores of ways the miles from danger, with no direct values of the Westerner tend to responsibility in the matter except upset the social values of a non- that of getting a sermon or an Christian land, The fact that the editorial prepared on time, that the Westerner lives as he does may missionary ought to accept death beget demands in the lives of the rather than shelter under the flag people among whom he works and of his country. When, however, those demands may bring the non- there are children of the mission- Christian peoples into economic de- ary we have a consideration of a pendence upon the land from which different order. The ethical rethe missionary comes. It will be quirements governing martyrdom remembered that Mr. Henry M, may be met by a missionary's go- Stanley, speaking no doubt with- ing freely to his death, but the out any thought of the exploitation glory of allowing his children to of Africa's peoples, used to declare die for his convictions is a bit that missionary teaching would dubious. In any case, however, we raise the standard of living of the may as well admit the acceptance Africans; that they would de- of foreign protection in a nonmand, among other goods, more Christian land compromises the cotton cloth and that this demand missionary's professed devotion to would make new markets for the the ideals of the Gospel. It is a mills of Birmingham and Man- long time since the death of two missionaries furnished a pretext chester. All this shows how tan- for the German occupation of the gled the problem is. The native Shantung peninsula, but the mem- Africans could use cotton cloth to ory of the incident has not grown advantage and the English mills dim in China. Though no one excould make it at a profit. It takes pects a repetition of such bareonly eyesight, to say nothing of in- faced imperialistic robbery, still the incident is pointed to as show- ing the tendency of imperialism

to use religious activity for its own able to insist that the Christian purposes. groups shall not proclaim their Admitting the validity of the Gospel to the whole world till they charge that the connection between have made the utmost use of that the various forms of imperialism Gospel themselves as it would be and missionary endeavors is dan- for a thirsty traveler in a desert gerously close, what can we do to refrain from calling out to his about it? There are those who lagging comrades that he had tell us that the best course is for found refreshing springs, because churches in imperialistic countries the water had not yet benefited to cease foreign missionary ef- him as much as was possible.

fort altogether, that at the best the What Shall We Do 1 contradiction between the Gospel which the missionary preaches and Some positive duties lie clearly the institutional activities of the before us. To begin with, the mis- country from which the missionary sionary can highly resolve to keep.

comes-activities through such alive the very contradiction which agents as tourists, commercial and is indeed such a scandal. That is industrial leaders, diplomats and to say, over against the militant militarists….:-.constitutes a scandal selfishness of economic and other to Christianity. Before Christian- imperialisms he can put a service ity attempts to Christianize the so- which seeks no selfish return what- called non-Christianized peoples, ever. One of the practical mys- we are told, the Christian nations teries in the work of the true should themselves be Christianized. missionary is the inability of many This is a counsel not so much of in the non-Christian field to see perfection as of folly. Or rather why he should do what he does it is altogether opposed to the spir- for nothing. One reason why anti- it of the Gospel. If an individual, Christian feeling in non-Christian or a people, waits for complete re- lands gets a start is that the anti- demption before starting out to the Christian agitator seems so sensi- redemption of other persons or ble and plausible when he asks : peoples, there will be no starting "Do you think the missionary is out. For it is a peculiarity of the doing all this for nothing?" Then redemptive process that it no soon- it is easy to conclude that the mis- er begets the consciousness of vic- sionary is the agent of greedy mon- tory in one quarter than it reveals ey-forces. By the way, speaking new realms of individual and so- of contradictions, the very plan it- ciallife still to be redeemed. There self according to which the mis- are causes to which we give our- sionary works is a denial of about selves in all good conscience which everything characteristic of pres- our descendants of a hundred years ent-day capitalism. The mission- from now will look back upon with aries do not get remuneration horror wondering if we of this day which can be called salaries in the and generation were not insincere usual meaning of the term. At the in our claims to be Christians at most theiI" material rewards are all. Moreover, the checking of the small allowances for living ex- expansive impulse leads to the dry- penses, in which all who are in ing up of the redemptive processes substantially similar circumstances themselves. It is just as reason- are treated alike.

IS THIS A CAPITALISTIC ENTERPRISE?

In the next place the missionary said. This missionary's diagnosis can and does accomplish some- of his own plight was wrong. He thing, in some fields a great deal, had failed to make himself one of to soften the harshness of the im- the people to whom he had been pact of Western civilization, so- sent. We cannot ask foreign work- called, upon undeveloped commu- ers in non-Christian lands to dress nities and societies. A large part and eat in forgetfulness of the of the discussion at the Jerusalem lands from which they come, but Conference was devoted to such we can ask them so to lose them- evils as forced labor in Africa. It selves in the thought and feeling is maintained by impartial inves- of their people as to become spir- tigators of African conditions that itually one with them. If they the missionary is the best friend cannot do this, they ought to leave of the African-and that he is do- missionary work, for that calls for ing much to awaken in the African mental and spiritual identification that self-respect which will not for- with those with whom they work.

ever endure the outrage of a forced It is better, I would almost say, labor which is virtual slavery. Re- for a missionary to be mistaken ports at the conference indicated with the people with whom he la- that exploiters of native labor in bors than right with the country Africa fear the plain, unvarnished from which he comes.

tales of missionaries more than Above all, the reaL task has to anything else. . be faced at home. If for no other Once more, the missionary usu- reason than the expansion of ally becomes very much a partisan Christianity, the duty is upon of the people among whom he Christian churches to stand for the works-very much "pro"-Chinese, replacement of that fiercely com- or "pro"-Indian or "pro"-African, petitive spirit which is the parent as the case may be. The people of industrial, national and racial then expect the missionary to make strife by a cooperative purpose the best statement of their cause which can be brought into line with before the public opinion of the Christian principles. We do not world. If a worker among non- have to wait until all our social Christian people cannot thus be- life is permeated with the coop- come "pro" the people, he would erative temper before we can free better go back to his home. ourselves from the contradiction Years ago there labored in Mex- between the message of the mis- ico a missionary who sincerely be- sionary and the practices of the lieved that the only hope for countries from which the mission- Mexico was in intervention by the aries come. If it can be truly said United States. Being an honest, that the churches of Christendom open-hearted soul he kept telling are striving to fill all human con- the Mexicans what he thought was tacts – industrial, international, good for them. When he was re- and racial-with the spirit of J e- called to the United States he felt sus, we have done-not everything that he had been sacrificed because indeed-but a great deal to remove of his complete devotion to a prin- a world-wide obstacle to the ciple, that he had been made to preaching of the Christian doctrine suffer for what he thought and of God and of man.

ANOTHER UNANSWERABLFJ ARGU MENT FOR CHRIS'l'IAN lIIISSIONS Fifteen thousand Korean Christians-a generation removed from sllperstitioll-at a SlIlI(ln,r·Sclwol Hally in Seoul, Korea

A MISSIONARY LOOKS AT THE CRITICS'"

BY REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.D., Sitapur, India Author oj ((Ghrist oj the Indian ROfld/' etc, FRANKNESS should character- something extraordinary-.-.:some- ize our facing of the modern thing that we cannot do without criticisms of missions. We divine power. The people should have too often been afraid to not think that they must get all acknowledge weaknesses. Our their criticisms of missions from movement is strong enough to secular pUblication. Let us talk acknowledge them. None of the more frankly about our weaknesses criticisms at home are anything as well as our strength.

like as severe as those made on the Look at some of these present mission' field. We missionaries day objections to missions. First, have gone far deeper to examine is the Christian message needed by our motives and outlook, our spirit the followers of non-Christian reand tempe.r of life. We criticize ligions? This is a very serious ourselves and our work because we question and is very prevalent, believe in the movement. We dare though not expressed so much as confess frankly and openly many implied. A book recently recomshortcomings. Mission Boards at mended by the "Religious Book borne ought not constantly to try Club," entitled, "The Pilgrimage to make out a case for complete of Buddhism" says something like success. We ought to take the this: Church into the heartbreaks of many failures. We are up against There is no question about the a task that is terrific, that is superiority of Christianity over Budsearching us to the depths, and dhism or vice versa. They both have oftentimes we fail. Our friends at their contributions to make, and they must join together to fight material- home ought to see the dark spots ism, so that this rivalry between re- as well as the bright spots, so that ligions should cease and cooperation the challenge can come to them as take place, in order to fight materialwell as to us. The Church at home istic attitudes in the world.

ought not to require us on the field That sounds so beautiful, and always to report success. Weare broad, and brotherly that I almost supposed to report angelic virtues wish that my conscience would alin everybody in our constituency. Some of our converts will probably low me to take that attitude. But turn out bad. All do not turn out after twenty-one years in India, I good at home! We missionaries cannot. If I must be narrow, I will are exactly like the people in the try to be as narrow as truth. We churches from which we have have tried to look sympathetically come. We are not super-men and into the soul of the non-Christian, super-women; we are just ordi- and to see good as well as bad. We nary men and women trying to do' are not building Christian mis- sions upon the badness in the non- • Extracts from an address .t the Foreign Christian faiths. In our round MbyistshioensAuCthoonrf.erence, Detroit. Not corrected table conferences in India we were 363

impressed with the fact that the Extravagance!

non-Christian faiths are bankrupt. Some people also criticise mis- They have assets of beauty and sions for "Extravagant expenditruth but these are not sufficient to ture." I cannot answer that as it payoff their obligations. There is relates to the Home Base, but on not enough dynamic and spiritual the mission fields I do not know power within these faiths to re- where we can spend too much in generate and change human so- the face of so much need. You ciety and lift men to God. The finest and greatest word of the could shut your eyes and throw non-Christian faiths does not tell money there, and it would hit some us that "the Word became flesh place of need. So it is almost fooland dwelt among us." All the proof. The reason we have not beauties of these faiths gathered made more mistakes in spending together, pale before the beauty of money over there is because we this Christian faith in which we can spend almost any amount anysee God. It sounds very brotherly where and touch somebody's need. to say, "Every religion is the It is not hard to save oneself from same," but a deep search will show personal extravagance, if one's us that there is something in Jesus salary is below $2,000,· which is a Christ that is lacking in the others large missionary salary. Some say that missionary institutions and that is final and unique. Professor Otto, author of that have over-built in China, but I do remarkable book, "The Idea of the not know where we have over-built Holy," went out to India with the in India. We might have built concept that Christianity is only some of the missionary bungalows the elongation of other faiths. At a bit smaller, but in the hot sum- Jerusalem, when we were discuss~ mer months we wish those rooms ing Hinduism, he said: "As I were big enough to include the went to India, I had the idea that North Pole. Most of the mission- Christianity was only more ad- aries ride third-class in railway vanced than other religions. I trains and if you ask why, they have come back with the convic- say, "Because there is no fourthtion that there is such a difference class." An Indian said to me one in degree that it amounts to a day, "You can ride third-class be- cause you are a religious man; it difference in kind." The conviction has written itself doesn't degrade you, and if you upon my own heart that there is ride first-class, it doesn't exalt you; something in the Gospel that makes you are above those things." I reit unique. The non-Christian faiths joice in my freedom.

are not a sufficient basis for the Another criticism from some regeneration of the men across the quarters at home is: "Too much seas. While Mahatma Gandhi has overlapping." There may be places a good deal to contribute to Chris- where there is overlapping, though tians, Christ has infinitely more to I have not seen them as I travel contribute to Gandhi, namely, the throughout India. In the district best thing in life-an intimate, where my home is there are over personal knowledge of God, which two million people and only one Gandhi confesses that he has not missionary is stationed there.

found. Some people at home seem to think

A MISSIONARY LOOKS AT THE CRITICS

that we are scrambling for terri- and holding us and lifting us while tory in the East, when the fact of we present Him to other people.

the matter is that the territory has This is the great corrective at the been divided so that there is very heart of our Gospel.

little overlapping in the mission We have been told so often that fields. There are various missions we must not be "superior"; that in the large cities, but that does we are to remain inferior. We not mean overlapping for no one ought to stand up in the midst of mission could undertake the whole these situations courageously and job. in Christ's name challenge them.

As a rule the same may be said We have a Christ who towers over of the so-called "Denominational the wrecks of time, and we should rivalry." The fear in the minds of make no apology for Him. The many people is that on the mission man who has fully surrendered field the denominational lines will himself to Christ and His service fade out altogether. In the East can say, "I dare rise and preach the denominational distinctions the Gospel, for I do not want anyare being lost sight of in the bigger thing, therefore, I am afraid of no meaning of being Christian. I one and nothing." We need the work in cooperation with all the divine audacity of one of our mismISSlOns. One board pays my sionaries, to whom a man at home salary and traveling expenses and said: "I am going to give you $50 allows me to work with all the mis- for your work." She had seen the sions. I do not recognize any riv- $100,000 house in which he lived alry between missions as I travel and she replied, "I cannot take it about in India. ·Each mission has from you. I saw your house just a bigger task than it can do, and now and I want $1,000 at least." we do not try to go into another's She got it. We have to stand with territory. Where there is a chance a non-Christian world beating on for overlapping among Christians our faith night and day, so we need in certain villages, they go before to have a divine audacity or break. the Comity Committee and settle It is a divine gift that we can take from God. Most missionaries are the matter. less in danger of suffering from a Unwarranted Claims superiority complex than from an Do the missionaries make "Un- inferiority complex.

warr(J;nted claims of superiority"? Is it true that "The missionaries I do believe that our Christian are ineffective"? Some of us are.

faith is superior-that is why I One said to me some time ago, went to India. But as I make the "Some of us ought to be shipped center of that faith Jesus Christ, home labeled, 'Empty Mission- instead of that belief creating in aries.' " I asked, "Why shipped me a superiority complex, it is a home? Why not go to the Fountain constant humbling process. As I to be filled?"

get into the fellowship with Jesus Many of us may be ineffective, Christ, I find it possible to hold but we come out of your churches this superior faith with a humbled and represent your life. In Heav- heart. The center of the whole en's name, I say: "Send us more enterprise ought to be the Person effective missionaries by becoming of Jesus Christ, who is judging us more effective yourselves." Peter's

spiritual son, John Mark, had the to be satisfied with chains. We same weakness that his spiritual want people to stand up and have father had. Peter turned and de- life. If our Christian Gospel is serted, and Mark, his spiritual son, creating a demand for larger life, did the same thing. If we mission- it is exactly what we expect it to aries are ineffective let us acknowl- do. If it made men satisfied to live edge that the failure is at both in chains it would not be the "Good ends, and try to be more effective News." The Gospel has come to at home as well as abroad. break chains. We want to say to But after confessing our weak- peoples all over the earth: "We ness, I wish I had time to show will not be satisfied until nations how these mIssIonaries have are recreated and free–economicstarted a movement that is the ally, socially, politically, morally, greatest transforming movement and spiritually." That means upthat ever swept across the world. set in some lands. Weare not After one hundred years we are ashamed of that, but we do hope much further along in the Chris- to guide the revolution into sane channels according to the mind of tianization of India than were the Jesus Christ. first Christians in the Christianization of 'Greece. It took three Is there "Too much overlordship centuries to Christianize Greece, exercised by missionaries over the and some would expect us to Chris- native Christians?" No doubt tianize India in eighty years. An there has been in many cases and Indian once said, "You Christians we must guard against it. The can gain conquests in China and reason why there is overlordship is the Islands of the Sea, because they because we are 'sent out to be are the kindergarten of religion. leaders. In India you are bucking against Jesus, in Moffat's translation, said, "Be ye not called teachers." the college of religion." Every- The attitude of the teacher is, I thing in India is being challenged know; you don't. by the Christian Gospel and everything is brought to the bar of that Second, "Be ye not called fa- judgment. Many a non-Christian thers." The fathers are the expein India is living upon a Christian rienced; I know, what do you ideal and thinks it is Hinduism. youngsters know?

Third, "Be ye not called lead- "Spoiling the Natives" ers." The attitude of the leader Again are "Missionaries dis- is; I lead, you follow.

turbers of the peace by their inter- But Jesus said: "Be ye called ference in non-Christian lands?" servants. That is the only attitude We plead guilty. We are spoiling I can trust you with." It is the the natives for some things. We only Christian attitude.

want to. We want to spoil them In the homeland. it might be for chains. We want them to re- well to cease training leaders and fuse to live in slavery, mentally or train some servants, who through spiritually or physically. Lord service will find leadership. If you Inchcape said that the Christian send out leaders. you will have a missionaries are at the bottom of lot of people who are trying to the uprising in China. I shouldn't lead. If you will train servants, wonder. We do not want people the servant of all will become

leader of all by sheer fact of that tionals as soon as men are ready service. That is the kind of leader- to take over, clear up to the bishop- ship that is worthwhile. Tell can- ric. When we suggested an In- didates that you are sending them dian bishop the greatest opposition out there to lose themselves in came from the Indians themselves.

service, and then they will find We have been slow but we are on themselves. the right track.

On the mission field we are At the Jerusalem Conference the searching to find out our weakness- National Christian delegates from es as never before and in some of all the mission fields said that they the strategic places we are putting are not yet able to carryon the nationals where missionaries used work without missionary help.

to be. We are making an effort And these Nationals were men and to develop the right kind of serv- women who are not afraid to take ants as leaders in the native responsibility and to voice criti- Church. cisms. Men like David Yui, one Another objection is made of the outstanding men of China against continuing foreign mis- said: "We need you; we are not sionary support today. It is that yet ready to take over the work of "Nationals 'are able to carryon evangelizing our people."

alone." We wish they were. If The Need at Home we are trying to do anything, it is to work ourselves out of the job. Again, is there "so much work Weare there not merely to do a at the Home Base" that we cannot work, but to train men on the field afford to send men and money who will do it. It is a delicate abroad? I do not doubt at all that question as to how fast we can there is plenty of work to be done turn over the control to the native at home. But the Church at home churches. In North India we have needs Christian missions to save it turned over our largest college, the from decay. I know a great church Lucknow Christian College, to an that has withdrawn itself from the Indian president who now has rest of the world, and has said, American professors working un- "We are going to build a great der him. Our largest theological body." They built a million dollar seminary has also been turned over body at the expense of giving up to a National, under whom are work for others. After they got American professors. Half of our the million dollar body they found finance committee in the North they had a two-cent soul. I have India Conference are Nationals not seen anywhere in the United who can outvote missionaries five States a more disgruntled and un- to one. They can, if they wish, happy congregation. Big buildings send only Indian delegates to our are all right if you have souls big General Conference. Half of the enough to inhabit them and use district superintendents are Na- them. Christian missions help to tionals. We would like to turn put soul into the work of the over more control to them as soon Church. By losing ourselves for as we have the kind of men to others we receive more than we whom it can be entrusted wisely. give.

There is a delicate line there. The In 1923 there was one minister missionaries can be trusted to give to every 524 people in the United over the responsibilities to the Na- States. One minister ought to be

able to look after that number. with a passion that lies at the But when we think of vast millions heart of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. in the world who have no mission- When we have this the Church will ary or only one to a million souls arise and respond. there seems to be room for missionaries in other lands. Four years ago I found an en- tirely different situation here. At What about the other objection that time we in the United States that "American Christianity is not seemed to be suffering from "the a living power at home and so paralysis of analysis." Men were should not be sent abroad." We seeking to place the blame for cannot assent to that. Christian- failures in mission work. Now we ity in America is not as living a are beginning a constructive phase power as it might be, but Christ of Christian missions. We realize is a living power here. We believe that Christ is necessary to men. that the heart of the home church We know that we have the reis sound and if the Christian min- sources, and if those in charge of istry will lead the church, the the missionary movement have the ~hristians at home are ready for passion and single-minded devoa great advance. This is my con- tion, and if they are willing to pay viction. . the price, then I believe that the doors are open to the greatest con- But most Christian people in structive era in the history of America are not raising objections Christian missions. In the transito the conduct of Christian mis- tion to this new day there is still sions abroad; they are asking: one thing that holds steady- "What can we do to help?" They Christ is as necessary for the huare waiting for leadership in a man heart as light is necessary to constructive advance. We need a the human eye. leadership based upon service and O NE beautiful day we climbed to the crest of a hill above the city of Hwai Yen, in Central China, to look out over the great mission field surrounding the city. I tried to count the vil1ages and towns over those fertile inland Chinese plains and counted up to three or four hundred; then the distant haze hid the other towns from view. The great' fields were ready for the harvest. We turned from the vision of the field waiting and reapers so few, and sat down inside the little temple. On the wall was an inscription which James Cochran, translated for us. It ran: "Where there is an earnest beseeching, there will be a sure reply."

"Wanted-bread for a hungry world." "Wanted-light for a groping world." Will there be a sure reply? Will we put what we have of life and life's possessions into assuring that reply? Are we American Christians going to follow the voice of Christ that bids us go across the world and share what has been given to us with all mankind, or are we not? Will we give the Gospel or try to keep it-and lose it?-"Are Foreign Missions Done For?"

UNCHANGING ESSENTIALS·

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., New York Interest and Investment in the corporate activities of the O NE of the aspects of the great body. deliverance of the Mission- Third, there is the motive of spe- ary Council at Jerusalem on cial interest in persons or in ac- "The Christian Message," relates tivities. We know some individual, to the bearing of the Message upon or we are interested in a particular the problem of missionary interest enterprise, and we give because of and giving in the church at home. our specific interest. All of our What are the actual motives of boards make as much as they can missionary giving operating in our out of this motive, and in many churches today? cases it is a genuinely spiritual First, there is the motive of lo- motive. In other cases, it is little cal congregational respectability. more than a sense of friendly per- Such money is given with very lit- sonal interest.

tie thought as to the object for Beyond these three motives lie which it is given. Men and women deeper ones. There is the motive feel that they must decently dis- of philanthropic sympathy. Many charge their ordinary responsibil- men will give money for child wel- ities and they give to objects set fare or the relief of child suffering, before them with little more motive who will give it for nothing else.

than that of the sense of congrega- A prominent banker in one of our tional respectability. I imagine that churches, when I was laying a cer- there is more of this now than tain enterprise before him, said: there used to be, in response to the "I will not give a dollar for any- pressure of the every member can- thing except for little children. but vass which brings to bear on the I will give you any amount of mon- whole congregation a sense of duty, ey you need, and that I can, for of sharing in the responsibility of that particular interest." Some- the congregation as a whole. often thing of the same sort lies behind without any very clear realization some of the support of the medical of the objects for which there missionary enterprise. Human suf- should be any giving at all. fering appeals to the hearts of men, Second, there is the motive of and they are moved to give to its denominational loyalty. This is a relief.

little fuller than the motive of con- Beyond this motive there lies gregational respectability. The another, that some would call deep- giving under the budget and the er still-The sense of social obli- ratio plan rests, in the case of many gation. This is based on the feel- givers, largely on this motive of de- ing of our collective relationship; nominational loyalty. The church and the readiness of men to help member feels himself to be part of to bear the burdens of the whole the denomination and he is pressed of the world. Men will give to with the duty of taking some part great educational institutions now and then, because these are min- • Extracts from an Address at the Foreign .t l. n Mlssiolls Conference, Detroit, January, 1929. e r g to deep national needs. IS 4 369

They will even give to missionary terprise needs today is that we enterprises that promote human should rest it more securely and peace and brotherhood and better absolutely than ever on this founinternational understanding, be- dation. cause such work contains the ideals of a more rational collective human Missionary Going life. That motive is a real one, and a great deal of missionary money We might also analyze the accomes from men who are not feel- tual motives behind missionary ing the deeper motive bordering going. We cannot group all these on this. motives under anyone classifica- tion. They are not quite as diverse Behind all these, lie the more and they do not run out quite as purely religious motives. Religion thin as some of the motives of runs far deeper than these other giving. Often a motive will suffice interests and behind these motives to lead a man to give money that I have mentioned, the missionary would never lead him to give his enterprise must rest on a deeper life. religious motive of propagating the Christian religion, of sharing J e- But there are many of these mosus Christ. as Saviour with all the tives that spring from the sense rest of the world. of human compassion and brother- hood. There is the desire to put Even this is capable of a double life to the best use, the willingness interpretation. There are many to give whatever one has that is who believe in sharing Christ with good to the rest of mankind, while the world, because they think other motives are less adequate Christ will be helpful to others; than these. They are worthy mothat the other religions are not tives for human service but not quite as good as the Christian re- absolutely evangelical. ligion; and that there is something in Christ that should be given to The motive that constrained men all other peoples. and women to go out as mission- aries at the beginning, that I be- Christ Indispensable lieve alone will be sufficient to continue the missionary enterprise, But deeper than that is the in- is the desire to share our Saviour terpretation in which I believe- and the only Saviour with a world that Jesus Christ is the only full that absolutely needs that Saviour. religion, and that therefore we are This motive ought to lay hold of bound to carry Christ to all the us in the old way and in a new way. world. He is the religion that every man must accept if he is to I have a letter from a business have the religion that every man man written in reply to a commuabsolutely needs. The true motive nication with regard to the misis the sharing of Christ with the sionary situation. He says in world, because Christ is indispen- substance: sable and absolutely essential to the whole of human life. I am only a business man, but I am speaking, I know, in behalf of thousands My conviction is that if we elimi- of other laymen, whom I am meeting nate this last motive all the mis- allover our Christian churches. Your sionary giving will sooner or later missionary enterprise is suffering, first dry up. What our missionary en- of all because you have too much false and unworthy theology in it. In the second place, it is suffering because you have lost the old central, simple ways

THE UNCHANGING ESSENTIALS

of doing your work and you are relying unprecedented, unequalled, unsucon all kinds of secondary and unspiritual ceeded, historic fact, the fact of the agencies. Your preachers are sensation- incarnation of God in Jesus Christ, alists. They are not content any longer and the delivering deed that Jesus with the reasoned statement of Christian Christ did once for all by His life conviction. They are playing all kinds and His death and His resurrecof games in trying to hold together their tion. We need this very sorely in Christian congregations and galvanizing our modern world-the clear unwith unreal dynamic the activity of the equivocal recovery of this New Christian faith in the modern world. Testament declaration, that was expressed at the Jerusalem Coun- This business man might have a fuller and more comprehensive cil. view, but he has put his finger on The Council, in its Message, also some truth. We might as well recognize it. I thank God that at recognized in the most generous the International Council at J eru- terms the spiritual values of the non-Christian religions, but it desalem, this statement in regard to clared that all those values were the Christian Message, fearlessly fulfilled and transcended in Jesus went right to the heart of this mat- Christ. Those who speak of "the ter. That message shows the foun- new attitude toward non-Christian dations on which alone we can religions" ought to realize that we maintain the missionary enter- dare not call a thing "new," unless prise. it never was before. What is there in our new attitude toward the non- Our Missionary Message Christian religions that is true that is new at all. First of all, the message asserted unequivocally and uncompromis- One of the dearest friends I ever ingly the uniqueness, the finality had, was the late Dr. F. F. Ellenand the absoluteness of J esU8 wood, for more than a generation Christ, and the revelation of God secretary of the Presbyterian in Christ. Without losing our- Board of Foreign Missions, and selves in any cloud we believe that one of the ablest men we have ever Jesus Christ is sufficient and that had in the Christian church or in Jesus Christ is indispensable. Of the missionary forces of our land course there is much in Him, that or of the world. Read Dr. Ellenwe have never yet uncovered. He wood's books, and then tell me wouldn't be God if that were not what you have that is new in comtrue. But we don't believe there parison with his attitude of mind. is anything outside of Christ that needs to be imparted to Him. Go back further to Archbishop Trench, and in his lectures on More and more we have to see "Christ, the Desire of the Naour Gospel whole. We have to tions," read an anticipation of the realize that it is an act that God deliverance of the Jerusalem Coundid, that He did in history, that cil by seventy-five years. Those He did once for all, and it is not lectures are the generous descripdependent upon our belief or our tion of the spiritual values of the unbelief for its reality. It is there non-Christian religions, and show in history, and our Christian Gos- in a most glorious way how all pel is not merely a comparison of those values are realized and perpresent spiritual values between fected and transcended in Jesus the different religions of the world; it is the message of a great, unique,

Christ. These values, which in sive for it holds that all essential their real merit are spiritual religious truth is in Jesus Christ.

values incorporated in personal The Jerusalem Message also sets character, we are constantly con- Christ in His first and central fusing with the great systems from place, so that everything else falls which we think they come out into naturally into its own right place.

the lives of men. When men talk When this position is accepted oth- today about the possibility of our er problems are not troublesome- regenerating these great non- indUstry, the social problem, the Christian systems they forget the race problem, the problem of war, history of human thought. political problems – all resolve In a striking article on the sub- themselves when we put Christ" in ject of our attitude toward the non- his first and central and complete Christian religions, printed in The and commanding place. We will Indian Standard, Dr. H. D. Gris- not have so much discussion and wold, as competent a Sanscrit stu- disagreement over these issues if dent as we have, deals with our at- we all stand on common ground as titude toward the great non-Chris- to the uniqueness, the sufficiency tian religions as systems. The first and finality of Christ.

part of this' paper is a noble and Again the Jerusalem Council re- generous expression with regard to vealed to many of us how close we these spiritual, personal values. have come to universal Christian Then he says: conceptions in the great historic A study of the missionary history of Christian church. Many times we the Christian centuries fails to show a are told that the Christianity of single example of the transfiguration of the west is Occidental, and that we any non-Christian system of thought or must change this if we would comreligion. The early church met Greek, mend Christianity to the world. Roman, and Teutonic paganism. Not As a matter of fact Western theoone of the non-Christian systems assumed logical forms were largely moulded a Christian form, although doubtless they had numbers of adherents whose thoughts and lives had been more or by Eastern minds, for the Greek less influenced by Christianity. As old fathers represented predominantly systems they died a natural death. the Oriental attitude, while the Latin fathers represented the The new wine of the kingdom re- Western attitude. The true, hisquired new wine skins. The new gar- toric, Christian tradition is a comment of Christianity cannot be fastened position that answers to the unias patches upon the old garment of any versal mind and the universal non-Christian system. No man or woman of fine Christian experience and conviction can find a permanent home in any non-Christian system. The only proper home for such is in the Christian heart. Weare coming, in science church. and philosophy, to see that there I believe that the day is coming is no real distinction between Occi- when we will have thought our- dental and Oriental science and selves through a great deal of the philosophy. There is only the vague mist that surrounds us now, truth. The same is true in regard in the field of comparative religion, to the great Christian tradition, and will draw back closer to the as we saw when we tested our full, clear, unequivocal and inclu- Eastern friends at Jerusalem.

sive attitude of the New Testament Set apart for that purpose and toward non-Christian systems. not in the whole commission but The New Testament view is inclu- in a smaller group, two of the men

from Asia raised the question ascended into Heaven-the same whether we other men from the Jesus whom men had seen and who West were not falling altogether will come back as men saw Him too much into Western modes of go–we felt there in that environ- thought and Western forms of ex- ment and in that fellowship, a real pression. Our reply was, "We be- experience such as we never had lieve that we are all essentially had before. And in that experience, agreed in the things that underlie. we saw with a new unclouded as- Won't you two men go off by your- surance what the foundations of selves and put it in words for us?" this Christian enterprise are. The So they went off to put it into missionary enterprise stands more words, and then when they came securely on these conceptions of back we asked them for the result Christianity than any other enter- and they would not give it to us. prise we have. It must be sup- And when we asked them why, they ported, not as a philanthropy, not said, "We find that what we have as an educational undertaking, not written is more Western than what as a great benevolence; but under you have written." Two of the all as a Christological movement in cleverest minds from Asia in the its deepest sense. It must be sup- Conference,' when they attempted ported by men who believe in to express Christian truth in East- Christ as the essential and indis- ern phraseology could not do it pensable Saviour, and in the Chris- and realized that the great his- tian Gospel as complete and final, toric statements of the Christian and to be shared with all the rest Church are not racial; they are of the world. This is the essential not sectional; they are universal. nature of our undertaking. The We are a great deal nearer in missionary enterprise can not be the historic tradition of Christian- transformed into an ecclesiastical ity to a universal accent than we Red Cross, or an international will come by surrendering to the education board, or a society for catch words of our decade, and the improvement of urban and thinking that we can revise what rural conditions. All these are a the whole of humanity, working part of the fruitage that flows through nineteen hundred years, out of the undertaking. But the has not been able to produce. No- real root of this enterprise, the body says that we have exhausted great tap root runs down into the Christ, least of all those of us uniqueness of the Person and the who believe that in Christ dwelleth Gospel of Christ and the indispen- "all the fullness of the Godhead sableness of that Person and that bodily." But we do say that the Gospel to the whole world and to researches must be made in Christ every man and every woman in and on the foundations that have the world.

been laid. Much will change inevitably in Once again, the Jerusalem Coun- the missionary enterprise but this cil brought to all of us a very great one thing can not change. If we experience. There was a fellow- want a watchword for our move- ship there that was a fellowship ment that word is found in the of the highest and there in the land Epistle to the Hebrews: "Jesus where Christ lived, where He died, Christ the same; yesterday and and on the hill from which He today, and forever."

e-oPICS Of THE

WHO IS BROAD MINDED? What is our interest in the Jew at Some men pride themselves on their our doors? Is there anything more breadth of mind and their wide in- than spasmodic attention given to the terests. They contrast themselves to changes going on in the Moslem lands narrow-minded preachers and mission- and in India? Honestly, how broad ary enthusiasts. They claim to be and deep are our interests in our fel- broad because of their "liberal" views lowmen and in their relationship to on strong drink, amusements, sex the program of God? problems and their indifference to the- Even a cursory glance through the ological controversy. Are they really broad or only shallow? Not long ago periodicals and books that come each we met a geJ;ltleman high in the busi- month to an editor's table give some ne~s world, a man of wealth, who idea of the broadening influence of an intelligent interest in missions.

claImed to be too broad to be inter- This subject is vitally related to every ested in church affairs. In point of man, woman and child in this planet. fact, he was too narrow-minded to The purpose of Christian missions is think beyond the present life and too to relate every human being to God limited in vision to see beyond his and to fellow human beings in a way own home and business interests. t~at will. promote wisdom, peace, hap- pmess, nghteousness, love and unself- There is nothing so deepening and elevating as a vital relationship to ish service. J esu~ Christ, the Son of God, and In our own narrow spheres we are nothmg so broadening as a vital interest in the Kingdom of God and impressed with the suffering we see, its progress. Men and women read- with family discords, with business rivalry, with bootlegging and lawless- ing the daily paper reveal their most ness and frivolity. We are either v~tal interests by the attention they tempted to discouragement or indif- glve to sports, fashion, society news, ference and turn our attention to stock market reports, literature, poli- pleasure and other absorbing intertics, religion, and domestic or foreign ests, or we may seek in our own feeble news. Does our reading make us way to overcome evil with good.

more narrow and provincial or does When we read the story of the de- it broaden our horizon and interests? velopment of God's program in the Many are not at all concerned with world life takes on a new interest, the welfare of Mexico aside from the a new meaning. There is no danger influence a revolution may have on of ennui, for time and strength are their personal business. Do we care too limited to keep abreast of all the enough for the famine sufferers of topics and enterprises that are of im- China or Armenia, as well as those portance and of thrilling interest.

in America, to understand their need Here are a few items taken at random and to help to supply it? Are we from the press reports of a single truly interested in the betterment of week-and thoughts they stir.

the Negro in our country and also in . (1) .A picture of a fine group of boys Africa? Do we take time to inform marchmg to morning prayers at Calaourselves as to the Oriental students bar .College, Jamaica. Who can predict and workers in America and in A .? tihnethmeflcuoernnciengthyaetartsh?ese boys may exert Sla.

374 (2) The report of a generous thank- all of God's program; broad enough offering in self-denial week among the in vision to look into all the corners black Christians of the Congo–not one of the earth to see how God is work- generation removed from gross heathen- ing; warm enough in heart not to ism. fear lest they will be moved by such interest and vision to give up some (3) The story of a Sunday with Chris- self indulgence to supply a brother's tian Khond's of India, showing their or sister's need, and loving enough new vision of God and of life. and Christ-minded enough to take in the whole world and to use all talents (4) The romance of the Karen mis- in true partnership with God. sion, Burma, where remarkable trans- formations are taking place. MISSIONARY STOCKHOLDERS ( 5) The answer to the question, Why I T WOULD mean a new day of Iceland gave up prohibition of intoxi- Christian missions if everyone cant&-and what Spain had to do with it. who puts money into the enter- prise would study the reports as close- (6) An estimate of imperialism as a ly and watch the returns as eagerly . menace to Christian progres&-showing as those who invest money in the stock market. the relation of international politics to the Kingdom of God. One great obstacle to missionary progress is the indifference of those (7) The picture of a new day dawn- who should be its supporters. How ing for Baxter, Tennessee–and what many hear an appealing statement of New York Christians had to do with it. the need and opportunity, invest a small sum in the enterprise and (8) The story of some startling de- promptly forget.about it. They never velopments in China and the relationship make inquiries as to the returns, never of the new government to the old religion. send up a prayer to God to guide and bless the workers and consequently (9) A report of the activities of the never know whether the investment Mexican War-God, and the possible re- has really been worth while. sults. One of the officers of the Presby- (10) A description of the Anglo-Sax- terian Board of Foreign Missions has on in the southern mountains of the issued a "statement to stockholders" United States, and the results of ar- that may well represent the returns rested progress. on the investment in the work con- ducted for Christ in many fields by So we might go on picking up clues many boards. This statement by Dr. at random from hundreds of papers. Robert E. Speer is in part as follows: Every broadminded man must be in- terested in his fellowmen, of what- The foreign missionary business is not ever race or color or nation. Every the business of the Board only; it is the true Christian must be interested in business of the Church. The Board is God's program for mankind, and in simply chosen by the company to direct the way in which the purpose of Christ affairs, honestly, economically and effi- and His mission to the world is being ciently. fulfilled. There are certain problems which must The REVIEW exists especially to make be reported to the stockholders for their known the facts of vital importance information and decision at this time. related to the advancement of the Kingdom of God on earth-without First, certain adverse conditions, which prejudice or partiality. Here you will were very unfavorable to the enterprise, learn of the needs of obscure corners are beginning to settle down satisfac- of the earth as well as those that torily. For the time being, at least, appear on the front page of the daily civil war in China has practically ceased press. Here we describe work of all and a group of men is trying to develop branches of the Christian church in a stable national government. The new all parts of the world. The followers situation provides more stability and a of Christ should pull together in car- rying out His program and in order to do this we must each of us "look not only on his own things but also on the things of others." There is great need today to increase the num- ber of Christians who are broad enough minded to take an interest in

better hope that the old nominal consti- and opens the way for our Christian tutional promises of religious liberty may business. And the other of these two be observed. Missionaries have returned new elements in the life of India is the to their stations. Most missionary insti- ever enlarging admiration for Christ and tutions have resumed their work, and the the ever wider conception of him as the Chinese Christians have had thrown upon authoritative moral ideal. Will the them and are not unworthily bearing a Company seize this opportunity to acmuch heavier burden of responsibility. complish the task for which it was or- China is the biggest field in the world for ganized and which each stockholder has the diffusion of Christianity. The need declared is the chief con~ern of his life, is more distinct than ever and the op- namely, to make the Saviour known and portunity is opening to meet that need. to fulfil his prayer, "Thy kingdom come Will not the shareholders order their on earth"? directors to act with courage and daring? Our personnel and plants throughout Another anxious situation has been re- the world are very satisfactory. There lieved in Persia. For a few months it have been some heavy losses.. …. But seemed possible that mission schools there are fifteen hundred men and womwould have to close or would be closed. en of the best on earth representing us. It was proposed to exclude from them And their schools and hospitals and all Christian teaching and to require the in- the institutions of their work are so clusion of Moslem teaching. But now many efficient and productive powerthe schools may go on with larger privi- houses of life and love and service. leges and immunities than ever, including exemption of students from military Your directors want to say a plain and service, and no limitation whatever on conclusive word about the misrepresenta- Christian teaching and influence except tion in circulation to the effect that your that the Bible may not be taught as a business is mismanaged, that "it takes a required subject in the regular cur- dollar to send a dollar," or worse yet riculum to Moslem students. A Church that "most of each dollar is taken up by of Christians from all races is growing administration and promotion and never up in Persia at the center of the Mo- reaches the field." This is false. And hammedan world. Is this not another the gifts on the foreign field received by call for wise and friendly development of the missionaries for the work offset three times the total cost of promotion and the enterprise? administration. And all around the 'world the field is Each dollar spent in this business acopen and inviting. In Chosen the gov- complishes ten times as much as a dollar ernment is giving the mission schools spent at home. Take the case of one the recognition which they have long suburban town near New York. Each sought, and now the question is as to dollar given for the hospital in that town the ability of the missions to improve provides 1/17 of the expense of one pathe opportunity for which they have tient. In our foreign missions hospitals worked and prayed. What is the use of each dollar given by the home Church toiling with sweat and blood for oppor- provides the support of ten patients. In tunities which, through want of support the schools in this same town there are from home, cannot be used when they 3,314 pupils and the cost of the schools per annum is $395,000, or $119 per pupil. are won? And the grade of these schools does not In India two new elements fill each go above the high school. On the for- eign field the total cost of our mission year an increasing place. One is the schools to the home Church, including growing recognition, in theory at least, the salaries of all the missionary of the principle of religious freedom. teachers, is approximately $1,500,000. The Religious Unity Conference held in There are 110,653 pupils – an average Delhi in 1924, composed of leading rep- cost per annum of $13 per pupil as comresentatives of all the religions in India, pared with $119, and our foreign misadopted strong resolutions in favor of sion schools include colleges, universifull religious freedom and the new con- ties and graduate schools. The business stitution proposed from India by the All is efficiently and economically done. It Parties Conference of 1928 provides, challenges anyone's closest scrutiny. among the acknowledged "Fundamental Rights," that "there shall be no state re- But the support of the enterprise by ligion for the Commonwealth of India the stockholders of the Company is inor for any province in the Common- adequate. We have our work laid out wealth," and tbat "no person shall by on a scale of operations beyond the presreason of his religion, caste or creed be ent support of the organization. One of prejudiced in any way in regard to pub- two things will have to be done. Either lic employment, office of power or honor the level of our activities will have to and the exercise of any trade or calling." be lowered and their scope contracted or This indeed is as yet only theoretical but it is becoming increasingly IIctual

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

the level of the Church's support will in the home and in the vocational direchave to be raised. The stockholders will tion of life. have to decide…… Read again Matthew 28: 19 and Mark 16: 15 and Acts (5). The right ideals and principles of 1: 8 and Luke 9: 62. separate, cooperative or united work in the relationships of men and women. If, in spite of the charter and the will of the Head, the Company means to con- A special committee of the General tract and withdraw, where shall the reduction be made? What sick folk are to Council consisting of Dr. Robert E. be turned out or what boys and girls are to be dismissed from school or where Speer, Mrs. F. S. Bennett, Miss Maris the Gospel to be withheld? garet E. Hodge and Dr. Lewis S. If the Company is unwilling to scuttle any of its Lord's work then there is only Mudge, was appointed to study the one alternative. Lift the level of giving. Lift it now ….. . subject further and report at the We can give all that the Head of our meeting of the Council, March 6th. Company is asking of us in order that That some adjustments should be His last command may be obeyed and that His gospel may be given to all to made is obvious, when the General whom it belongs. Council has found the way of wisdom STATUS OF WOMEN and the true path of progress. Many women in the Church are not satisfied with present administrative OBITUARY NOTES conditions. Some fear the loss of the women's organizations through which JAMES R. BAILEY, M.D., of Impur, they have worked and some regard as Assam, died on December 8, 1928. From unjust the lack of adequate represen- the time of his arrival at Impur in 1910 tation of women in the Church. as an American Baptist missionary, he had been traveling constantly among the The General Council of the Presby- natives, ministering to their needs, terian Church recently appointed a preaching the gospel and by his own special committee consisting of Mrs. example teaching them to know Christ. Fred S. Bennett of the Board of Na- During the World War Dr. Bailey spent tional Missions and Miss Margaret his furlough in France ministering to Hodge, of the Board of Foreign Mis- the Assam Labor Battalions. He is a sions, to consider the matter. They graduate of Bucknell University and the presented a careful report to the Coun- Medico-Chirurgical Medical College, cil in November, 1927, and later fifteen Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His work representative women were invited to in the Naga Hills annually meant the meet with the General Council for a care of 5,000 out-patients, 1,000 free full study of all the issues involved. treatments to Impur school boys, hun- These topics included: dreds of calls throughout the district, and many operations. "To do this work," (1). The status of women in the Dr. Bailey said, "many hundreds of miles ecclesiastical organizations of the had to be traveled on pony, and when Church-the diaconate, the eldership and paths were too steep, on foot. Many the ministry, the presbytery, the synod, times I have sat down to rest thinking and the General Assembly. I had used my last ounce of strength, only to be renewed and start the climb (2). Women's organized work in the in a few minutes, up and on till the last Church, the Missionary Societies, young village was reached, and there hold meetpeople's organizations, and women's aid in"'Q sell medicine, visit sick, and then societies-their present and future scope to bed about midnight, tired and weary, and responsibility. yet conscious of being spent in the Mas- ter's service." (3). The relations of the women of the Church to women's organizations ** outside of the Church. REY. GEORGE H. HUBBARD, a missionary (4). Women's unorganized work in in Foochow, China, since 1884, until his the Church, including personal evangel- last furlough, died recently at West ism, Sunday-school teaching, influence Haven, Conn., at the age of seventy- three. As a missionary of the American Board, he and his wife specialized in evangelistic work, and were always in- terested in the common people. He edited a colloquial paper printed in the Romanized Chinese, and aided in the preparation of other literature, but his chief contribution was the foundinl!' of the Chinese Christian Endeavor Move- ment in 1885.

WHO'S WHO AMONG OUR tian Missions in China" and other vol- AUTHORS umes.

WILLIAM T. ELLIS, LL.D., is a well- DR. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL pracknown and popular lecturer, traveler tised Law at Baltimore from 1882 to and author who lives at Swarthmore, 1883 and after occupying the chair of Pennsylvania (when at home). He philosophy at Park College, Missouri, bestumped the country with the Laymen's came professor of Biblical Literature at Vassar College, which chair he occupied Movement for the first big conventions. for twenty years. He made an extensive His articles on Sunday-school lessons are visit to mission fields in Japan, China printed in more than a hundred daily and India a few years ago and to Egypt newspapers with a weekly circulation of and the Near East last year. He is president of the Board of Trustees of several million. He has been a Chautauqua speaker and is author of several the American University in Cairo. volumes including "Bible Lands Today" and "Men and Missions." Among his books are "The Life of CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D.D., is Home Christ," "Graves Lectures on Missions," and "The Apostolic Age."

Secretary of the American Board of REV. W. B. ANDERSON, D.D., went as a Commissioners for Foreign Missions and missionary to India in 1897 and was is a writer and speaker of note. He is a president of Gordon College, Ramal graduate of Amherst College and Yale Pindi, from 1899 to 1903. He has been Divinity School, and has traveled ex- corresponding secretary of the Board of tensively through Africa and the Orient. Foreign Missions of the United Presbytf,- His books include "The Rosary," "The rian Church since 1916 and is the author Business of. Missions" which has been of "Far North in India," "A Watered widely influential. His latest volume is Garden," and other volumes.

"Foreign Missions Under Fire." DR. FRANCIS J. MCCONNELL, is Bishop DR. THOMAS JESSE JONES is a well- of the Methodist Episcopal Church (New known sociologist. He was acting head York District). He was president of worker in the University Settlement, DePauw University from 1909 to 1912 New York City (1901-02) and director when he was elected bishop of the Methof the Research Department of Hampton odist Episcopal Church. He was presi- Institute (1902-09). He was specialist dent of the Religious Educational Assoin Education in the U. S. Bureau of ciation in 1916 and is now president of Education (1912-19) and has been Edu- the Federal Council of Churches of cational Director of the Phelps Stokes Christ in America. Among his books Fund since 1913. He led an Educational are "Religious Certainty," and "The Commission to West, South and Equa- Christlike God."

torial Africa in 1920-21 and again to REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.O., went to India in 1907 and in 1926 was ap- East Africa in 1924. His latest volume pointed evangelist to Educated India and is "Essentials of Civilization" (1929).

REV. HUGH T. KERR, D.O., is now the to the high caste Indians. He was a pastor of the Shadyside Presbyterian delegate to the General Conference of Church. He was lecturer at McCormick the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1924, Theological Seminary (1910-11) and a and has twice refused the bishopric. He few years ago made a tour of the Far is a widely-known evangelist and the East studying the missionary situations. author of the popular volumes "Christ Among his books are "Children's Story of the Indian Road," and "Christ At the Sermons," "Children's Missionary Story- Round Table." He has just returned to Sermons," "The Highway of Life" and India after a strenuous speaking tour "The Gospel in Modern Poetry." He is in South America and in the United president of the Board of Christian Edu- States.

cation of the Presbyterian Church. ROBERT E. SPEER, a graduate of Prince- PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE ton University, has been corresponding was for some years in China under the secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Yale Mission and is at present professor Foreign Missions since 1892. He has of Missions and Oriental History at Yale several times traveled around the world University. He is a member of the Inter- and to South America and other lands. national Missionary Council and was for He was moderator of the General As- some time chairman of the Executive sembly of the Presbyterian Church from Committee of the Student Volunteer 1926 to 1927 and president of the Fed- Movement. He is author of "The De- eral Council of Churches from 1924 to velopment of China," "The Development 1926. He is the author of many volumes of Japan," "The Christian Basis of the latest of which is entitled "Are World Democracy," "History of Chris- Foreign Missions Done For?"

ETIlODS fOR

By MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions HANDLING OBJECTORS ice has steadily decreased from ap- A chronic objector, sooner or later proximately 2,700 in 1920 to less than to his own hurt, becomes a despised 300 in 1928. During these same years obstructionist. the number of new missionaries has also dropped though not in the same A good thing to remember proportion. Our American Boards And a better thing to do, have always had more volunteering Is to work with the construction gang than sailing in any given year until And not with the wrecking crew. 1924. Since then the opposite has CRITICS AND CANDIDATES been true, and so persistently and in- MILTON T. STAUFFER, creasingly true as to justify genuine concern. The contrast between 252 Secretary of the Foreign Missions Conference people who volunteered for mission- 0/ North America ary service in 1928 and 600 in the same year who received appointment We are deeply concerned over the (having volunteered from two to six future supply of well-qualified mis- years previously) must make every sionaries. Many of us repeatedly missionary leader pause and wonder raise questions like these: Are our where our future supply of missionyoung people volunteering in suffi- aries is to come from. The visible cient numbers? Are we sympathet- number of candidates now in line for ically aware of their difficulties and application and appointment in 1933 needs whenever we challenge them to and on, offers a strange contrast to consider foreign missions as a life former years. While a few Boards calling and are we helpful to them in may still be embarrassed by their reaching right decisions? So many riches in available candidates-the infactors enter into present-day situa- evitable consequence of the outpourtions that answers to these questions ing of life immediately following the are not simple, yet we feel we must war-this embarrassment is sure to be face them if the cause of foreign mis- short-lived, unless indeed our Amer- Jions is not to be embarrassed or even ican churches fail utterly in their miscrippled in the years immediately sionary giving. ahead. Now is the day for intelligent action. Tomorrow may be too late, so During the current year, the various far as our needs for missionary can- foreign missionary agencies of the didates next year and the following United States and Canada have listed year are concerned. Merely recording calls for 1,186 new missionaries. Of certain observations in outline, let us these, 432 are marked provisional, see if we can help one another toward which means that while the Boards a more fruitful exercise of our mis- would like to send out 1,186 workers, Rionary witness.

The Situation Calls for Concern tinancial provision has thus far been made for only 754. Of these calls 700/0 The number of young people vol un- come from ten major boards. For the teering during college and post-college first time since the war, mission years for the foreign Christian serv- boards are experiencing difficulty in 379

securing enough candidates. Either The Decline in ClUldidates they must be content with second-best material or let their calls go unfilled. Speaking negatively, it cannot be at- Eleventh-hour hand picking in the open market will not solve this diffi- tributed to any lack of social idealism culty which for some boards is certain to grow. on the part of Christian youth. They At the present time, mission boards are concerned with the abolition of are making their selections from candidates who volunteered five or six war, the Christianization of racial and years ago. Weare still running, therefore, on the momentum of pre- industrial relations, and other similar vious years so far as recruiting and selection are concerned. We are not social issues. The fact, however, that securing sufficient recruits to meet the needs of the boards four and five this idealism is not leading them into years ahead. foreign missionary service needs in- Inquiry over a long period of years has revealed the fact that new mis- terpretation. Among many factors sionaries are reaching their decision for missionary service earlier in life that account for this declining rate of than was true formerly. For example: in 1920 we find that 31 % of those candidates the following may be sugvolunteering decided on a missionary career before entering college. In gestive to us who seek ways and 1927 practically 500/0 reached this important decision during high school means of bettering present situations. years. The pre-college influences seem, therefore, to be on the increase. 1. Adult Christians lack interest in evangeli3m. The term itself has come In 1920 there were 280/0 of the vol- to mean something less or other than unteers who reported strong college the real thing. The church is not sufinfluence resulting in missionary de- ficiently impelled by the thought of its cIsIon. In 1927 only 100/0 attributed debt to Jesus Christ or by the vision of their decision to college influence. In the "life abundant," which He and He other words, we are probably safe in alone gives, to promote missions at sacriconcluding that college influences have ficial cost around the world. We are failed more than pre-college influences anemic. The heat of our enthusiasm is in this direction. In view of the in- below the burning point. As someone creasing number of life work deci- has said-"our churches are now carrysions which are made before college ing all the missionary load their spiritdays, would it not seem wise to give ual strength will bear." Special appeals, greater attention to missionary educa- threats of deficits may be applied as tion among preparatory and high stimulants to a spiritually underschool students? nourished church and these may result in extra contributions over and above Happily, at present, interest in vol- the church quota, but stimulants to a unteering among college students church that has no great increasing seems to be slightly on the increase. purpose to share Christ will never lead The number of students volunteering to missionary life decisions. It takes during January, 1929, is double the spiritually robust churches to give birth number of last January. The in- to missionaries who are qualified to meet crease in inquiries from students re- the exacting spiritual demands of misgarding missionary openings leads one sionary service today and who will bring to believe that this interest in volun- back sheaves. teering will continue. 2. The mtsswnary appeal of our churches i3 frequently mechanical and despiritualized. Material needs and deeds in the mission field are played up but not personality – undeveloped and en- slaved because lived apart from Christ and the freedom and power He offers. As long as youth is asked to give to the general benevolence budget of the church, or toward some school in Asia instead of for human beings, who unlike themselves are in need of intellectual and physical privileges, and most in need of a Christlike understanding of God and of Christ's message of salvation and hope, the heart of the whole matter is missing. Make missions impersonal, despiritualize its objective and you rob it of its warm appeal. It ceases to cap- ture the imagination of youth. It in- spires few life ~commitments.

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3. There is a wide-spread uncertainty nationals. Some students from other among students as to the future of the countries have represented their people foreign missionary enterprise. Some as being hostile to the missionary forces; in fact, a considerable number have em- have been led to believe that the day of phasized the value in their national the missionary enterprise, as it has been cultures to such an extent that they carried on in the past, is over. They have raised doubts in American students' are also questioning whether the Boards minds as to whether or not Christianity will be able financially to send them out has any vital contribution to make to if they do volunteer and prepare for others. Repeatedly they have heard our such service. The last five years have civilization and professed Christian furnished good reasons for this query. social order condemned until, to some The presence at home of so many fur- well intentioned students, it appears as loughed missionaries, and especially the if Western life were still 90% pagan. recent exodus from China, together with the unfavorable attitudes of some for- 7. Then too one will always find those eign students now studying in America, who are suspicious of organized Chrishave increased this uncertainty. In view tianity and do not see that the Christian of these facts, many young people doubt message is being applied in a consistent the desirability of definite and advanced practical way to the whole of life. They decisions in terms of a life purpose. hesitate to subscribe to the credal and doctrinal statements which they think 4. Going deeper one senses particu- they will be required to subscribe to when they apply for missionary service, larly among our college young people an. and which they think are outgrown or upon which they think too much emphauncertainty as to their Christian mes- sis has been placed. One needs sympathy sage. While this lack of religious con- in dealing with these young people for viction is not peculiar to student groups whom the non-Christian aspects of the effect of it in motivation for life serv- American life, even inside our churches, ice is unquestioned. There is in many constitute real obstacles to volunteering cases a vagueness of conception as to for missionary service. the uniqueness of the Christian message. This may be due in part to the rather S. Young people want to look forward superficial study of comparative religion, to a life in which they will find ever wider opportunities for service as the leading students to an over-emphasis on years go on. They have seen missionthe values of non-Christian religious aries return after short periods on the systems, in part also, to the growing field and have come to wonder if missecularization of all life and to inade- sions are any longer a life job. quate or wrong religious education. Certainly there is not evident, on a large 9. During the four years of their scale, that dynamic and passion that ac- college course, which are so important company deep conviction. in making life decisions, students look for religious leadership to student pas- 5. Many students, and this has always tors, faculty members, Y. M. C. A. and been true, are seriously questioning Y. W. C. A. secretaries. At the present whether they can really make th.eir time there is a confusion in the minds of many of these men and women as to the greatest Christian contribution to their place of the missionary enterprise in our generation through foreign missionary day. Many of them are not informed service. There are many new channels as to the facts and have not been given for Christian service, national and inter- satisfactory information and answers to national, opening up today. There are their questions by missionary leaders. broader conceptions of what is involved in Christian service. Moreover, there 10. Students do not know the needs of is a growing tendency in education to- the world. We have been neither realwards specialization. The seeming in- istic nor individualistic in our descripability of the Boards to let the volunteer tion of need. Our missionary literature know the possible general type of service has not dealt adequately with the unand field sufficiently in advance for them finished task either geographically or to prepare adequately for it, has a tend- functionally. ency to deter Volunteering. We are convinced that this demand for some means Ohanging the Situation of certainty is not consistent with a life purpose decision nor with the essential The above analysis of some of the attitude of mind which would make the missionary willing to meet emergencies causes which seem to operate against and hardships once he has accepted missionary appointment. an adequate commitment of life to for- 6. Students today more than formerly eign mission service may leave one in want to know whether th€ younger church groups are inviting missionaries a despairing mood unless he reminds or whether they are being sent in spite himself of these two facts; first, that of the best judgment and desire of the

there are many young people in our waits to be 'motivated by the horror that men should live without Him. This churches and colleges of whom none of means that our apologetic for missions these things can be said and, second, must increasingly be phrased in terms that the bringing in of righteousness of "the abundant life" which Christ and around the world is God's task first Christ alone, can bring. We must visu- alize that abundant life to student audiand last, and ours chiefly and merely ences, we must experience it and because we are God's happy helpers. manifest it in our own lives and over The kingdorn of love, when it cornes, against our picture of the abundant life rnust be His free gift, not something in Christ we must give a true and com- pelling picture of the millions everywe have achieved in and by ourselves. where who are without life abundant here This thought should bring us relief and now, who do not know of Him who from any feeling of strain; a sense of says, "I am the bread that gives life."

power for the missionary movement This is the most difficult and most im- perative and most highly rewarding is nothing less than our partnership obligation we face as Christians today. with God who "will not fail nor be dis- We are challenged to prove the validity couraged until He hath set up right- of our missionary efforts and to match eousness on the earth." As mission- our claims for our faith by the quality and fullness of life we experience. This aries we need this good news to set us is not easy, but it is possible. When free from anxiety. We are not related our young people are arrested by the to a losing cause. Present indications picture of "full" redeemed life-"lacking to the contrary, we know that God's nothing, enjoying all" and have it proved to them that Christ alone for various task in India and Africa will not lag reasons and in various ways makes posfor want of workers. To believe any- sible that life, there is nothing that they thing less would be to admit loss of will not do or dare to share that gift of faith in the essential soundness of life with the last most distant man, woman or child on earth. The trouble youth today, and, worse than this, loss is not with our Christian propositions of faith in God Himself and His ulti- but with our demonstrations. Christ- rnate triumph. like life now, in the flesh before our eyes, To the extent that the present sit- is the Q. E. D. we need for Christian motivation and conviction that will drive uation can be improved by human ef- and drive. fort (and one is convinced that Christian leaders can influence it consider- 3. It will help if we vigorously repudi- ate false and subtle charges against misably if they will) that improvement sions such as the following:-"Missions appears most likely along the follow- are the right arm of Western imperial- ism" – "Missions are nothing less than ing lines: intolerant propaganda." Let us encour- 1. A missionary informed and mi8- age the view that the missionary entersionary motivated ministry in order that prise, like the Christian enterprise, is a the young people of our churches may movement of life, that it is a constantly be prepared for the appeal for life com- changing and growing thing, that it is mitment. The fire of the evangelistic not without its weaknesses and mistakes, must burn again in the home minister's that it truly is progressive, that in all heart and there must be a new and pos- fairness we ought to relate ourselves to itive Christian apologetic. The fellow- it because of its genuine worth and we ship of Christians of all races and creeds ought to judge it in terms of its "whither in a common program of world redemp- bound" no less than in terms of its past tion must become a joyous contagion accomplishments.

until everything the minister does in 4. Because the missionary enterprise America suggests its relation and makes has become a partnership· of younger its contribution in his mind to the total Christian effort around the world. Our and older churches working together, our young people welcome the inter-related- young people before making any final decision for a missionary career should ness of efforts at Christianizing life here be assured that the calls of the mission at home with those of evangelizing and boards are no les8 the calls of Christian of Christianizing life elsewhere. national8 broadcasted from the mission 2. Young people desire nothing quite fields. They have a right to know that so much as "fullness of life here and they go out at the call of the native now." The horror that men should die churches to associate themselves with without Christ has motivated former -native Christian leaders, preferably generations–the present generation under the direction of these leaders, to

METHODS FOR WORKERS

assist in a program of evangelism which 9. The desire of young people for the these native churches have set up for interpretation by Christian nationals of conditions and needs in their own lands themselves. 5. The close bond of sympathy and suggests the application by Boards of a understanding between youth around policy recently adopted by the Student the world suggests another very effective Volunteer Movement. In college after approach, namely, to begin one's address college a little Korean woman in love with a description of those causes or with Christ and the women of her race movements abroad in which the Chris- has been witnessing this past year to the tian youth of other lands are specially worth of missions and appealing for interested and for which they welcome more and better missionaries. Students help with open minds. Our students do not easily forget her word or her call. eagerly respond to the call of fellow She fulfills their demand for first-hand students dedicated to some high cause assurrance that they are still wanted as and by making articulate in our Ameri- missionaries and that there is a real can colleges the aspirations and strug- task awaiting them in foreign lands. gles of youth in foreign lands, the re- 10. Of recent years the suggestion that our recruiting should be made on· sponse is often most encouraging. 6. Not infrequently among students the basis of commitment of life to full who are weary of discussing the prob- time Christian service without reference lems of the world one finds the best ap- to place, reserving that decision until proach to foreign missions through mis- later, has gained wide acceptance. The sionary biography. Unfortunately, much declaration of the Student Volunteer of our modern missionary literature in Movement now reads:-"It is my pur- North America lacks up-to-date human pose, if God permit, to become a foreign interest material. We have produced missionary." There are ardent missionfew biographies since the war, which is ary workers among students today, who surprising when we think of young believe that certain inhibiting reactions American volunteers, who only yesterday to this declaration can be overcome fared forth to share "life," but who are without perceptible loss to students and now gone-William Borden, Max Chap- with possible gain to the missionary lin and Warner Lentz, to mention three. cause, if some such declaration as this One's mind goes out to a great company were to be substituted, namely, "it is my of men and women, "pioneers of life" purpose, if God permit, to give my life in unprivileged places today, the record to full time Christian service, at home– of whose unselfish sharing would shame abroad-," leaving the volunteer free to and thrill every sincere lover of human- indicate, either at the time of signing ity. this declaration, or later after further 7. A recovery of the individual em- study and prayer just where he or she phasis in missionary service is needed purposes that this life service shall be to offset in some degree the institutional given. Obviously there are very large emphasis which is often less personal values in the present wording with its and challenging. Similarly less emphasis strong purposive note and its specializa- on the administrative problems of mis- tion on foreign missions. And no Chris- sions and more emphasis on the needs of tian leader or sincere student, for that men for creative Christian personality matter, would care to see any substituwould greatly strengthen our appeal for tion which would eliminate this purmissionary candidates. Too frequently posive note or weaken the appeal to the audience receives an intellectual dis- definite foreign service by broadening it course on the changing aspects of mis- until it covers both home and foreign sionary effort but is not given a vision fields. of the man in need at one extreme and 11. Until recent years the primary Christ who can meet that need at the and abiding motives of foreign missions other. The latter is needed to win com- have been set forth most vigorously and mitment of life to the missionary cause. insistently by the followers of the con- 8. We have today almost 10,000 for- servative theological school. Their apeign students in our American colleges. peals have been the most earnest and The great majority of these are non- imperative. Their message has been a Christians. A definite program of evan- simple call to repentence from sin and gelism among these foreign students by to belief and salvation in Christ. Beour American churches would witness to cause of failure t() carry this message our sincerity to share what Christ can to all the world countless souls for whom give to all and would greatly enrich the Christ died cannot but be eternally lost. religious life of the countries from which During recent years, particularly these students come and would, I believe, since the war, we have a large and inexert a profound influence on our own creasing number of college students young people who now are arrested by throughout North America who think the foreign missionary challenge, but that they cannot be intellectually honest who are not convinced. with themselves and interpret the pri-

~ary aims and motives of foreign mis- corne life to us. We would share that sIOns exactly in these terms or solely life." within these limits. These students are deeply and sincerely religious. They "Since Christ is the motive, the end have a passion for humanity and for of Christian missions fits in with that unselfish service. Spiritual values are motive. Its end is nothing Jess than real and vibrant for them. They are the production of Christlike character deeply challenged by Jesus and are try- in individuals and societies and naing to live as His true disciples. But tions through faith in and fellowship they do not hold with like firmness some with Christ the living Saviour, and of the dogmatic pre-suppositions which through corporate sharing of life in lie back of foreign missions as inter- a divine society." preted ten or twenty years ago. Important Not. We seem for the present, therefore, to have two schools of thought so far The edttor of thts department covets your as the presentation of foreign missions reaction on Mr. Stauffer's analysis of and sugis concerned. Among certain student gested methods for dealing with the serious groups the older interpretations still problem of life enlistment. hold; among other groups, perhaps equally influential and certainly rapidly Is the scarcity of volunteers for the ministry increasing in numbers, quite different and for Home Missionary work due to these interpretations are alone understandable same snggested causes? and acceptable. The question naturally arises-is the motivation of missions at What methods would you like to see used? its center to be different today than in Your letter should reach me not later than William Carey's time? If it is to be June 1st. different, we may learn from this stu- Address Mrs. F. 1. JDhnson, Room 1018, 156 dent generation what this new motiva- Fifth Avenue. New York. tion is and whether or not it squares with truth and promise of having the A FREE-FOR-ALL DISCUSSION same appeal and power as the old had in its day. "By their fruits ye shall There is scarcely a church in Amerknow them." If it is not to be differ- ica which would not profit by having ent-if the chief difficulty in presenting this heart-searching demonstration the foreign missionary motive today is put on by a group of its finest men. largely one of phraseology and not of content, then to the younger generation (Mr. Pastor, why not try it?) there comes the challenge to recIothe the old primary motives of foreign missions Personnel with twentieth century language and power. W. B. JONES . . . . . . . . "Billy" … Bale Ties RUSSELL J. BALYEAT. "Russ" '" Coal The Jerusalem statement on the GUY CARPER ..•.••••• "Guy" …. Lumber Christian Message may prove of great ARTHUR BROOKS . . . . . "Arthur" . Educator help in this connection. Every Chris- E. G. THATCHER ••••• "Thatch" . Y. M. C. A. tian young man or woman I have met since Jerusalem-regardless of theolog- Secretary ical stand-has subscribed uncondi- HORACE BONNEWITZ .. "Horace" . Batteries tionally to paragraphs like these: WILLIAM MCGIRR•••• "Cap" …. Insurance "Our true and compelling motive lies CHAS. N. POLING •••• "Charley" • Banker in the very nature of the God to whom G. A. BERGER ••••••• "Gus" . . . . Insurance we have given our hearts. Since He C. A. L. PURMORT … ' 'Clyde" .. Insurance is love, His very nature is to share. Christ is the expression in time of Scene the eternal self-giving of the Father. Coming into fellowship with Christ The parlors of the Y. M. C. A. prior we find in ourselves an over-mastering to Monday Rotary Noonday Luncheon. impulse to share Him with others. We Members are arriving by twos and are constrained by the love of Christ threes. Members are standing, seated and by obedience to His last command. or lounging and engaged in informal talk He Himself said, 'I am corne that they on topics of business, sports, politics, might have life, and that they might telling stories, a babel of talk on every have it more abundantly,' and our ex- subject, laughter, argument, all done in perience corroborates it. He has be- a natural way, as men would talk at such times. The crowd increases as other members drop in, there are greet- ings, back slapping, kidding, more or less confusion, at the height of which Mr. Carper remarks and repeats for em- phasis in order to get the subject across to the audience.

Mr. Carper : Well, I see that Dick Carson has graduated at Princeton with high honors and has decided to throwaway his life as a missionary in

1929J METHODS FOR WORKERS

China, Timbuctoo or some unheard of of foreign nations and our country is place, trying to Christianize the na- always in trouble by threats of war tives. on their account.

(The members seat themselves Mr. Thatcher: All right, we have around the table.) just heard from one of our domestic heathen and "a peace at any price" Mr. Balyeat: The poor fish, he cer- exhorter. Now then, if there be other tainly cannot have much regard for uninformed knockers against foreign his parents who have slaved and sac- missions within the sound of my voice, rificed and almost broken their backs let 'em speak now or forever after to put him through school. hold their peace. Come on in boys, the water is fine. Right here you Mr. Carper: Well, the odd thing fellows will learn a lot. Fire and fall about it is, his folk approve. back. Shoot!

Mr. Bonnewitz: How do people get Mr. McGirr: The converts are not that way anyhow. I don't understand genuine. it, all the Chinks, Japs and African Niggers in the world ain't worth the Mr. Thatcher: Not altogether true. little finger of a fine American chap In the Boxer uprising in China it is like Dick. of record that 6,200 Chinese Chris- tians remained true to their faith and Mr. Purmort: Oh, I don't know 1,500 converts were killed. boys, I guess you birds had better get wise to this missionary stuff before Mr. Balyeat: I repeat that missionyou knock it too hard. Dick has not aries are trouble makers for the govyet been boiled in a big soup kettle. ernment. The cannibals haven't eaten him yet. Mr. Thatcher: Listen to the facts. Mr. Berger: Speaking of soup ket- Ex-President Taft denounced this tles, when do we eat. criticism as unfounded. Hon. John Barret, Minister to Siam, said that Mr. Balyeat: I'll say he runs a 150 missionaries gave him less trouble mighty good chance of becoming an in five years than 15 merchants did Irish stew, or Hungarian goulash and in five months. he will not be the first fool missionary to meet that fate. Mr. Berger: Suffering Mike! Ain't we ever goin' to eat? Mr. Purmort: You said a mouthful then, old scout, and Dick would be Mr. McGirr: Christianity does its only one of thousands who have of- converts more harm than good. fered their lives for Christ, and of others who have sacrificed their ca- Mr. Purmort: Nothing to that. reers, banished themselves for life in Consult the records. Christianity heathen countries, undergone hard- makes him a better man. He has a ships and privation, suffered and died superior faith, a better morality, to the end that Christ, their Master thrift and integrity. In the Jap-Russ might be exalted and His cross lifted War the Japanese Government emup that aU the people of all the world ployed none but native Christian inmight see and receive its blessing. terpreters, because they were honest. A governor of a province in Siam Mr. Jones: Say mister that lingo testified, whenever a Christian misof yours sounds fine but it is ail sionary settles, he brings good to the bunk; it don't get us a thing. We people. In China recently the cusare wasting our efforts and throwing todian of a large bridge building fund was intrusted to Christians only, beaway our money on foreign missions. cause the subscribers said, "the Chris- Mr. Brooks: Atta boy! I agree, I tians could be trusted not to steal it."

am for Home Missions. We ought to Mr. Poling: But I still think, "Charkeep our money at home for our do- ity begins at home." mestic heathen. Mr. Thatcher: Let us consult the Mr. Balyeat: Exactly right, old top, old dope sheet on that point. Listen! and besides these foreign missionaries are a set of meddlers in the affairs 5

In New York City alone there are American business man should sup- 3,800 religious and philanthropic port the foreign missionary.

agencies. In the United States there A forgotten missionary carried the are 207,734 Protestant churches or Gospel to Peru, and brought the use one for every 427 of the non-Catholic of quinine for the sick. A humble population. How about it abroad? missionary, Schneider, learned of the Africa has one missionary for each naval orange that in a single year 24,000 population; Japan one for netted our commerce $36,000,000. Our each 52,000; India one for each 62,- giant rubber industry is the by-prod- 000; China one for each 65,000. There uct of the work of a missionary with are over 160,000,000 people untouched the South American Indians. Where- by missionary influences. Figures ever the message of the Gospel goes, don't lie, but liars continue to figure. there is a rich reward. The Premier I am quoting facts and an important of Finance in Great Britain says that fact is that the people who do not as a matter of investment, the gov- contribute to foreign missions seldom ernment could take over the financing give anything to home missions. of the whole missionary enterprise Mr. Jones: I insist missions don't with profit.

get us anything. Where do we come Mr. Berger: Good night, I'm starv- in? It is all "payout" and nothing ing; haven't eaten since breakfast.

coming in. Quit chewing the rag and let us all Mr. Thatcher: That is a good money eat.

grabber's question. One of the kind Mr. Thatcher: Say Berger, you are who never sees good in anything un- one of the kind who thinks of noth- less there is a dollar in it. Mission- ing but eating and sleeping and busi- aries raise the standard of life for ness.

the natives and the result is that they Mr. Carper: We had better make buy goods from America and Europe. every American a Christian before we Thirty years ago a bag of American waste any money on foreign people.

flour could not be bought in all China. Mr. Purmort: Does a commercial Recently there was in Peking a pile house wait to sell every person in one of American flour 30 feet high, 100 town before they send their salesmen feet deep and a quarter of a mile to the next?

long. Thirty years ago in China, to Mr. Giffin: I think you are only get a can of coal oil it must be ordered pampering the people by pouring mon- from San Francisco or Chicago. Now ey into churches and schools and hos- Standard Oil is the "light of Asia." pitals. Why don't the people do Missionaries took sewing machines to something for themselves.

China and it is now one of the largest Mr. Thatcher: Wrong again. Every markets in the world for the Singer. time we give $2.00 to missions the Mr. Purmort: Recently one Ameri- native Christians give more than one.

can steamship delivered 27 Baldwin So $2.00 becomes more than three.

locomotives to China. Every mission- That's God's kind of arithmetic.

ary is, in effect though not in inten- Mr. Jones: They have their own tion, an unsalaried drummer that helps religions. They had them before the to open up the larger markets of the New Testament was written, before world for the output of American mills Christ was born. Why go and try and factories. The industries of to convert them to our faith? Their America could well afford to pay twice own has served them for thousands the cost of all missionary enterprises of years. Let them alone.

in foreign lands. This trade which Mr. Carper: Did you know the follows the flag which follows our Standard Oil Company has millions of missionaries is only a by-product of dollars invested in the business of sell- missions and not the real thing. But ing China kerosene for lamps, and for business reasons alone, every thousands of men converting the Chi-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

nese to the use of kerosene lamps? and preach the Gospel to every crea- Why? Well, it is not because they ture." Shall we answer Him: "No have no lamps. They have lamps it is not convenient? How much monmade of an earthen bowl and bean ey will I have left if I obey Him 1" oil with a wick of pith. Makes your "I have bought a piece of ground, five eyes ache to look at 'em. They had yoke of oxen, married a wife, it isn't 'em long before, thousands of years convenient to have Him call me to before John D. was born. But kero- this other thing." sene is much better. So John D. has sent his missionaries to convert them. Mr. Bonnewitz: Well boys, I guess If you believe in Christ as hard as we didn't have all the ammunition John D. does in Standard Oil, you when we began the shouting. would be in the light business for Jesus Christ. He said, "I am the Mr. Purmort: I wonder whether light of the world." you fellows know how far behind the women we men are on the interna- Mr. Berger: For the love of Mike, tional stuff. Why, my wife knows let's eat! more geography and history and world politics in a minute than I do all day. Mr. Brooks (Leans back, and says You see they have mission study sympathetically): Well, I once felt classes and meetings every month and as you did, at least I thought it wasn't they read THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF up to me. I had so many demands THE WORLD and other magazines. on my money. Then I heard a man We'd better wake up or we can't keep from China talk, and one story stuck up the "superior sex" bluff much to me. Said that over there he saw longer. a man fall into the river near a fisher's barge. The fishermen saw him Mr. Thatcher: Yes, and I'll put but no one did anything. They had down a dollar on it that not one of a fine net, strong hooks-just the thing you howlers against missions ever to drag the man to safety. He shouted read a book about the work in your to them, "Save that drowning man." lives (Here enthuse over one). And They called, "It's not convenient, can't if we ever caught you to hear a misyou see we're fishing." He shouted sionary speaker, we had to bait the again, "I'll pay you for your time. hook with a dinner before we could Throw the net." They answered, haul you in. How many of you birds "What'll you give 1" "Five dollars." know that our church has an official "Too little." "I'll give you all I've magazine 1 Did you ever read it 1 got. Throw that net at once." "How No! if you had, you wouldn't have much have you got." "I don't know gone off halfcocked the way you did exactly. About $14.00." Then at today. Might try readin' your Bible last, even then slowly, they paddled too. Something about missions there. over and let down the net. In less than a minute they brought up the Mr. Berger: For the last time, beman. Then they were clamoring and fore I die, When do we eat? angry while the missionary tried to resuscitate the man before paying Mr. Jones: Say fellows, tnese are them. Say, I was mad to think of knockdown arguments Clyde and those fishermen. It was just as if Thatch are putting across. It is getthey had murdered that man when ting uncomfortably warm here, don't they could have saved him and didn't. you think it is time to go in to lunch? They aren't worth sending mission- When I make up my mind, I like to aries to, I was thinking, and then stick to it, right or wrong. I hate I heard what the speaker was saying, like blue blazes to do it, but in this "Is it worse, fellow Christians, to neg- case I feel that the only manly thing lect to save the body, or to neglect to do is to follow the course of Brooks to save the soul?" Jesus says, "Go and Poling and own up that I must be dead wrong about foreign missions, that I did not know what I was talk- ing about. I wonder if nine-tenths

of the opposition to foreign missions the first convert to give in, is a famous is not due to the same cause as mine, Boy Scout specialist and expert. that is, downright, dense, unmitigated, uncalled for ignorance. I am sorry to admit it, but the cost connected with foreign missions has And come to think of it, the Legion made it hard for me to give in. Why, leader of the heroes who faced the Mr. Frantz is liable to preach one of horrors of France and Flanders, his two-edged sermons one of these Charlie Poling, is not very consistent days that will make you feel like turnwhen he ridicules Dick Carson for lay- ing your pocketbook inside out. When ing down his life for a principle. you need some money for foreign mis- sions, count me in. Some things I heard before today, and that I tried to forget, keep crowd- (A dinner bell is rung off stage.) ing into my mind. One is that "the Mr. Balyeat: There goes the lunch light that shines farthest, shines bell! Let's go. brightest nearer home." Our confab (All join in singing) : here today confirms the statement. Clyde and Thatch are the champions "Old Bill Jones ain't what he uster be of the foreign mission cause, and if Ain't what he uster be you want any home enterprise or drive Ain't what he uster be to be sure to win, the town will insist that they take the lead. And Brooks, Old Bill Jones, he ain't what he uster be Many long years ago."

CURTAIN PERSONALS FRANCIS P. MILLER has been called to DR. WARREN K. STRATHMAN-THOMAS, succeed Dr. John R. Mott as chairman twenty-eight-year-old research pharmaof the Executive Committee of the cologist at the University of Wisconsin, World's Student Christian Federation. and DR. CLEMENT C. CHESTERMAN, one Mr. Miller is at present Administrative of the secretaries of the London Royal Secretary of the Geneva office of the Society of Tropical Medicine, have gone Federation and is expected to accept to the Belgian Congo to find a cure for this appointment. Previous to the war sleeping sickness. Dr. A. B. Loevenhart, he served for three years as secretary professor of pharmacy at Wisconsin, for Y. M. C. A. work in preparatory characterizes the work of the men as schools and immediately following the war he became one of the Secretaries of . .. .. "equivalent to discovery of a continent." the Student Movement in the United States, and later as one of the secre- REV. L. K. WILLIAMS, pastor of Olivet taries of the English Student Movement. Baptist Church (Colored), Chicago, was awarded a prize by the Harmon Foun- * * '" dation of New York. The awards, ad- ministered by the Commission on Race DEAN WILLIAM HUNG, of Yen Ching Relations of the Federal Council, recog- University, Peking, is lecturing at Har- nize "achievement which is of national vard University, having been selected as significance and which measures favorthe ablest Chinese to explain Chinese ably with the best that has been done in culture ~ American students. Mr. Hung the particular field by any race or nais the son of a Chinese scholar of Shan- tionality." tung. He was educated at the Anglo- Chinese College, Foochow, and Ohio *** Wesleyan, Union Seminary, and Columbia. DR. HOWARD GUINNESS, a graduate in medicine of London and Cambridge, a *** son of Dr. Harry Guinness, and a grand- son of Dr. H. Grattan Guinness, founders DR. GEORGE U. WENNER, who came to of the Regions Beyond Missionary Union, New York from Yale in 1865, is still and the Congo Balolo Mission, is comserving as a Lutheran pastor in "The ing to Canada as a representative of the ~as House District," Nineteenth Street Cambridge Christian Union. He will be and First Avenue. He has officiated at available for some months to address 7,949 baptisms, 4,576 weddings, and groups of students, large or small, 3,291 funerals. He has confirmed 2,140 throughout the Dominion. Address: catechumens. He is the refutation and Care Cambridge Inter-Collegiate Chrisrebuke to all the charges recklessly fiung tian Union, 366 Bay Street, Toronto. at the Protestant ministry.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York MRS. G. W. COLEMAN Mas. F. S. BENNETT Mns. JOHN FERGOSON MRS. ORRIN R. JODD President, 1.908-1915 P resident, 1916-1923 Honorary President, President, 1924-1928 'I'reasurer, 1920-1928 President, 1929· 1929- COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS om"ers Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, Method- Honorary Pres·ident–Mrs. George W. ist Episcopal. Coleman. Mrs. J. W. Downs, Methodist Episco- President–Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Northern pal, South. Baptist. Mrs. C. S. Kidd, Methodist Protestant. Vice-Pre8ident-at-Large – Mrs. F. W. Wilcox, Congregational. Mrs. W. C. Winsborough, Presbyterian in the U. S. V ice-President.- Miss Nannie H. Burroughs, National Miss Ann Elizabeth Taylor, Presby- Baptist. terian in the U. S. A. Mrs. Athelia M. Howsare, Christian. Miss Mary Campbell, Disciples of Mrs. Taber Knox, Reformed in Ameri- Christ. ca. Miss Grace Lindley, Episcopal. Mrs. J. S. Stamm, Evangelical. Miss Alice E. Bell, United Brethren. Mrs. George C. Rewwer, Evangelical Synod. Miss Lillian Robertson, United Pres- Mrs. C. E. Vickers, Friends. byterian. Mrs. Christine S. Smith, African Meth- odist Episcopal. Miss Jean MacGregor, Presbyterian, Mrs. Carrie T. Burritt, Free Method- Eastern Division, Canada. ist. Miss Bessie MacMurchy, Presbyterian, Western Division, Canada. Mrs. James Harrison, United, Canada. Recording Secretary-Mrs. Edwin W.

Lentz, Reformed in the U. S. Treasurer-Mrs. Raymond B. Fenner, Lutheran.

MRS. F. W. "VILCOX MISS H. M. BRICKMAN MISS F. E. QUINLAN Mas. R . B. FENNER Vice-Pl'esident-at-Large Director, Indian Work Executive Secretary Treasurer 389

On Execntive Committee GRADUATE STUDY FOR THE Members-at-Large RURAL PASTOR Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. That the farmer and his family are Miss Amelia D. Kemp. facing most serious problems at this Mrs. Millard L. Robinson. time need no longer be argued. We Miss Ruth B. Rule. need higher motives, broader contacts, Miss Daisy June Trout. larger vision, more efficient plans and institutions in country life in order to Committees and Chairmen make life more satisfying to the largest industrial group in America. STANDING To bring this about we must have a leadership trained to lead rural folk Administrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. in the solution of their problems. The Chautauqua-Mrs. John Ferguson. rural pastor stands out in the com- International Relations – Mrs. D. E. munity as the most respected and often the most influential citizen. He Waid. has an opportunity for unselfish Legislative Matters-Mrs. Samuel Sem- leadership enjoyed by few men, which position offers the key to the solution ple. of the great country life problem. In Migrant Work-Mrs. Kenneth D. Miller. order to render this effective leader- Student Work-Miss Muriel Day. ship the rural pastor must not only know his people, but he must know the JOINT STANDING COMMITTEES problems with which they must struggle daily on the farm and in With Home Missions Couneil their homes. He must be familiar with modern farmer movements and Joint Administrative-Dr. Carroll M. the agencies which can help the Davis. farmer.

Indian Work~Dr. Frank A. Smith. Educational institutions in several City and New Americans-Dr. Charles states were prevailed upon to establish interdenominational summer schools H. Sears. for rural pastors, with a curriculum which will offer our country ministers With Missionary Education Movement the preparation necessary for their great opportunity. Joint Committee on Home Mission Lit- erature-Miss E. Jessie Ogg. The committee promoting these schools is made up of the country life With Federation of Woman's Boards of specialists of the various denomina- Foreign Missions tional boards constituent to the Home Missions CounciL Last year the Coun- Conferences and Schools of Missions- cil sponsored eleven summer schools, Miss Carrie M. Kerschner. which were attended by about 1,000 men and women. World Day of Prayer-Mrs. S. S. Hough. The universities and state agricul- SPECIAL tural colleges are giving splendid co- operation. They are placing fine By-Laws-Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. buildings and equipment at our serv- Finance-Mrs. F. W. Wilcox. ice. They are furnishing their pro- Literature-Mrs. F. W. Wilcox. fessors for lectures on important Nominating-Miss Amelia D. Kemp. rural life subjects, vitally connected Leadership Training-Miss Ann Eliza- with the country church, and in other ways are rendering within their con- beth Taylor. stitutional limits, a very unusual and With Home Missions Council Cornity and Five Year Program of Sur- vey and Adjustment-Dr. Hermann N. Morse.

North American Home Missions Con- gress-Dr. Charles L. White.

Executives Executive Secretary-Miss Florence E. Quinlan.

Director, Religious Work for Indian Schools-Miss Helen M. Brickman.

Secreta1'y for Migrant Work–Miss Laura H. Parker (until May 15). Miss Edith E. Lowry (after May 15).

TVestern Supervisor, Mig1'ant W ork- Miss Adela J. Ballard.

Assistant Treasurer-Miss G. Evelyn Morse.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

valuable service. There ought to be rural church problems, are given free 2,000 men and women in these schools play in the operation of the course. during the summer of 1929. The benefits derived from this co- operative experience are invaluable. Every rural pastor needs them. Not because he is not the equal of his All the approved schools, as listed city brother-in many cases he is the page 392, will be in session for no less than two weeks or ten working days. superior – but because these schools A few will be conducted for three are specialized conferences on one of weeks. Specialists will conduct the the most difficult and important phases courses, thus offering always the best of modern church work. Here men experience in the particular subject engaged in the same kind of work, offered. All the approved schools have with common problems and similar agreed to accept the suggested fourneeds, meet for two weeks to think to- year course of study as outlined below gether about the best ways and means as the basis upon which to arrange of accomplishing their common task. their curriculum, thus making the They are in a certain sense trade schools more uniform in character and schools where the best methods and service. Three or four sessions of the programs are studied under the school are necessary to cover the enleadership of the greatest specialists tire suggested course, but the arrangeour Protestant churches can find. ment is not rigid. Students can at- Every man slirving in a rural church tend a single session without any emshould, if possible, attend one of these barrassment. schools. The expenses are nominal, consist- Every rural church ought to co- ing only of board and room while at operate in promoting these schools by the school. Rooms are usually promaking it possible for the pastor to vided at three dollars per week and attend. In many cases the pastor of meals can be secured at very low rates. the rural church cannot afford to go The schools are financed by the colat his own expense. His salary is leges themselves. Study the list of small and there are heavy demands schools, make your selection and lay made upon his meager resources. your plans to attend one of the schools this year. What better investment can a congregation make than to pay the way of Suggested 4-Y ear Course of Study its pastor to a summer school of this kind and take care of the supply of 1. Rural Sociology: General Rural Sohis pulpit during his absence. ciology. Social Psychology. Sur- veys and Community Organization These schools, organized especially -Program and Methods. for the convenience of country pastors, have arranged their curriculum 2. Rural Economic8 and Education: and instruction so as to meet the most Rural Economics. Farmer Moveintimate problems of any and all who ments and Cooperative Marketing. shall attend. Pastors are given an op- Agencies with which to cooperate. portunity to state their local difficul- General Education-Home and Comties and the group, under the guidance munity. of the instructor and with the help of his advice, attempts to analyze and 3. The Rural Church: Conditions and prescribe for the problem at issue. Problems. Organization, Program The lecture method is frequently used and Methods. Pastoral Visitation but is frequently interspersed with -the project method. Interchurch questions, reports of assigned read- relations. ings and general discussion. The members of each group represent 4. Message, Preparation and Church many denominations and varied types Program: Message Content. Reof experience. These factors, 80 im- ligious Education. Worship-Evan~ portant in the adequate solution of gelism. Training, Preparation and Delivery of Sermons; Teacher Training; Leadership Training; Preparing for Rural Ministry.

5. Recreation-jor Home and Commu- nity: Play and Games. Drama,

Pageantry, Music. Boys' and Girls' BoulderJ Colorado-June 19·27. Work. A well-balanced community )"1rs. Henry F. Hoffman. 741 Adams St., recreation program. Denver, Colo.

6. Services of Agricultural Extension: 3 Chnutauqu",. Nf'w Ym'k-August 11·16. By lectures, tours of buildings, Mrs. John Ferguson, Room 1007, 1123 campus, farms, experimental plots, Broadway, New York, N. Y. demonstrations, literature, etc. 2 a7wutnurr.ua, New York-August 1~-23. For further information address directors of Mrs. 'Ym. A. Mont,g-omery, 144 Dartmouth the respective schools. (See list below) St., Rochester, N. Y.

DallaB, Trma.8-September 30·0ctohpr 4. Mrs. G{'orge A. Brewer, 4301 Edmondson, Dallas, Texas.

Schools for Rural Pastors 'Dalla8, Tema8 (Nellro)-September SO·October 4. Recommended by Home Missions Council Mrs. C. R. Buswell. 1719 Allen St.• Dallas, 1. Vanderbilt Rural Church School-April 1 Texas. to 12. Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., Prof. C. C. Haun, Director. De l.Jand~ FZorida-Fehruary 3-.R, 1929. Mrs. Dora Smith, 135 East New York Ave., 2. California Ministers' Summer Institute— De Land, Florida. May. Paclftc School of Religion, Berk· ley. Calif.. Dr. E. W. Blakeman, DI· Houston, Texas-(Date not Yf't decided.) rector. Mrs. M. G. Stell, 2716 Rosrdale Ave., Hous- ton, Texas. 3. New Englaud Summer School for Town and Country Pastors-June 10 to 21. 1 Kerrvillp-. Team~-At1gust 21·2R. ~Irs. H. W. Hamilton, Cotulla, Texas. ~:cl~~~ ~~:~.~O~~l. ~mbn.arliac~;~~~ llH88ouri-lHinoiR (G-rf'cnviUe.. TIl.)-(No School Sterling, Mass., Director. ' of Missions in 1921:),) 4. School of Community Leadership-June 10 Mrs. J. D. Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., Web· to 20. Kansas Agricultural College, ster Groves, Mo. Ni~~~t~t;.ap, Kan., Prof. WaIter Burr, Lake Geneva.. Wisconsin-July l-R. 5. School for Rural Pastors-June 17 to 28. Mrs. J. A. LeaB, 8781 Clifton Ave., Chicago, State College of Washington. Pullman, Ill. Wash., Dr. A. A. Cleveland, Director. Minne.ota (.'lfinneapoliR-St. Paul)-June 2-7. 6. Wisconsin Rural Leadership Summer ~Irs. A. W. Goldsmlth, 944 Ashland Ave., School-July 1 to 12. University of St. Paul, Minn. Wisconsin, MadIson, Wis., Dr. J. B. Kolb, Director. ACt. Hermon. OaU!arnia–.July 6-18. Mrs. C. W. Brinstad, 2929 Lincoln Way, 7. Auburn Summer School at Theology-July San Francisco, Calif.

1 to 18. Auburn Theological Seminary, Mountain Lflke Park, Maryland-July 31· Auburn, N. Y. Dr. H. L. Reed, Dirf'rtor. August 6. 8. Indiana Rural Pastors' School-July 15 to Mrs. F. I. Johnson, 150 Fifth Ave., New 27. Purdue University. Lafayette, In- York, N. Y. diana, Dr. O. F. Hall, Direetor. New Orleans.. IJDuis1ana-NovembrT 4-R 9. Summer School for Rural Pastors-.Tuly Mrs. J. R. Kendall, 1224 Octavia St.• New 15 to 27. Michigan Agricultural Col· Orleans, La. lege, East Lansing, Mich., ·Dr. Eben Mumford, Director. 'Northfield, Massachusetts (Eaat NorthfieZd)- 10. Estes Park Pastors' Fellowship SchoCl'l- .Tuly 5-12. July 15 to 31. Estes Park Association ~Irs. Frf'lon Eugene Bolster, Portchester, of the Y. M. C. A., Estes Park, Colo. New York. Dr. Warren H. Wilson. 156 Fifth Ave., New York City, Director. • Northfield, Ma8aachu8cfts-July 12-20. Mrs. Seabury ~rastick, Pleasantville. N. y, 11. Summer School for Town and Country Ministers-July 22 to August 8. Cor· Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.–Septembel' (Date nell University. Ithaca, N. Y., Prof. R. not yet deci<led.) A. Felton, Director. Mrs. C. O. Cole, 208 West 22d St., Okla- 12. Summer Rcbool for Rurnl Pastors-Rept. homa City, Okla, 2 to 13. B~ngor Thf'olo~ical Rpminary, Bangor, MaIlle, Dr. W. J. Moulton, Di· St. Peter8Durg. Florida-February 2-7. 1no. rector. Miss B. Loulse Woodford, 980 23d AYe., St. Petersburg, Fla. 13. Summ('r School for 'Ministers and Church Workers (Coiorcdl-June 17 to 2~. ,ro::onthrf"n California ([,OB Angclc.~)-'!.Iay 20- Fisk University. Nashville, Tenn. Ad· dress "The Executive Secretary." 24. Mrs. C. E. Rif'lHlrds, 1211 :Magnolia Av('" Los Angeles, Calif.

lll'nrrcn. Ohio—Ortoher 15·16. Mrs. George Konold, 227 Scott St., Wnrrpn, Ohio.

CONFERENCES AND SCHOOLS OF W'Uson College, Chambersburg, Pcn.1l811li,anir, MISSIONS -June 27-July 4. AfflltRtf'd with Ff'npration of Woman's BoarilR MIss Murtha Hartman. 233 South 44th St., ~)f For{'i~n lfi~sinns and Couut'il of Wompll for Home Missions. Dates and Chairmen. West Philadelphia, Pa.

1 BaUinWI'f, 1IIal'yland-O('tobf'r 30-31. llTijlDtHz, J,(lke, eIn. d iana-.T IlI IIPn'.2!,2-2~0.. 1~~mwHn1 Mrs. Peter Ainslee, Ten tIills, Baltimnrf', Hnntel Md. J..trs. I~liu Bethesda, Ohio-.July 15-19. A ve., Oak Park, Il1. Miss 3tIary I. Scott, 310 r.romlinSOIl Ave., Moundsville. W. Va. 1 Affiliat~d with the }l"'('u('ration. 2 Foreign only. Affiliated ,vitlI FI:-'dpl'ation. 3 Home only. Conducted by the Council, "Affiliated with the Council. I> Home only. Affiliated with the Council.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York YOUTH AND FOREIGN MISSIONS* Christian world. Thanks to the rise of a social gospel, the truth has dawned By STANLEY HIGH, New York of the paganisms in our own civiliza- tion. The argument that results from Editor of the Christian Herald these two facts runs about like this: For the first time in its history The non-Christian world is not much foreign missions has ceased to be a worse off than we are. The non-Chrisyouth movement. The significance tian's facilities for making his world of this fact involves the vitality of better are almost as good as ours. Therethe entire missionary undertaking. fore, we will best serve others by leav- ing them alone to mend their ways, When I was in college, a short de- while we get busy to mend ours. cade ago, it was customary to measure the depth of a student's faith in terms Thus, here at home foreign missions of his willingness to go to the foreign has ceased to be a youth movement. mission field. That was a conventional standard of consecration appraisal. But this fact is not only apparent And almost every Christian student, at home. It is equally apparent abroad. at some time or other, faced that call. The youthful missionary is put in his It was inescapable. Christian youth proper place. That place, very often, thought in foreign missions terms. is one where, in matters of funda- mental importance, he is asked not to Such a situation does not prevail cooperate but to keep quiet. Young today. Foreign missions is no longer men who, like William Carey, rise up the great adventure on the horizons with an inspired idea are told, as of Christian young people. That is William Carey was told, "sit down not, I believe, because youth are less young man." ….. . adventurous or less Christian. For world peace and better race relation- A good many young folks, for exships they stand ready-in significant ample, observed what happened last numbers-to speak out and to act sac- year in China. The amazing thing rificially. But foreign missions, as to them was not that the missionaries youth sees the enterprise, has lost its were withdrawn, but that, when the hold upon their aspirations. time for return came, the oldest mis- sionaries were hurried back to salvage According to the report of a Y. M. the status quo and the younger mis- C. A. Secretary in one of the most sionaries-many of them-were adpopulous states in the Union, the un- vised to settle here. dergraduates of this state in 1921 gave nearly $300,000 to foreign mis- Doubtless, these young missionaries sion enterprises. During the academic who were left high and dry recognized year 1927-1928 they gave $30,000. the arguments of experience and sen- The reports of the Student Volunteer iority back of such a policy. But Movement indicate that there is a they knew also that the new order of marked decline in the number of stu- things in China was a youth-led order. dents who volunteer for foreign serv- They knew that every significant naice. Not only are numbers lacking, tionalist movement from Capetown to quality also if; lacking. Shanghai was a youth-led movement. They realized that the greatest prob- The conviction has grown up that lem confronting Christianity was and there's not much wrong with the is that of adjusting its organization world anyway – especially the non- to the new day that these young peo- pie have ushered in. They were curi- "'li:s1~n:dg~~~~r~~~~~rt~2'l!~ the Detroit Foreign 393

ous to inquire, therefore, whether that Youth doesn't know much. Thank adjustment could not more surely have God. It's a fine thing that there are been guaranteed had youth had a some who can set a goal for themselves larger leadership in the missionary and have no better sense-no more enterprise. Because youth is at the facts and experience-than to believe business of remaking the nations to- they can reach it. There is, for exday the missionary enterprise dare ample, the question of a united Protnot cease to be a youth movement. estantism on the mission field. The The God that will be served in to- facts and experience are against it. morrow's world will be of youth's Youth, unencumbered with either, bechoosing. To Christian youth there lieves that it can be accomplished. must be entrusted a larger share of There is the question of inter-racial the responsibility to present the claims relationships-in the homes of the of the God that Christ revealed. missionaries let us say. Facts and experience are against too many ges- Now, it needs to be pointed out that tures of equality. Youth spared the foreign missions, from the outset, has knowledge of all that has happened found its most vital expression before, believes that equality can be through the leadership of youth. That, attempted. There is the question of to me, is one of the most striking the gunboats. Facts and experience facts about the whole enterprise. The are against any drastic dissociation story of William Carey is duplicated from these expressions of western imat every stage of missionary progress. perialism. Youth, knowing no better, At Williamstown five young men be- believe that they can be dispensed gan our foreign missionary enterprise with, to the glory of God and the in North America. They had no facts progress of Christ's Gospel. The misand no experience. They were sionary enterprise needs youth because equipped only with the enthusiasm of youth can dare to refuse to be bound, youth and with the fiaming message unchangeably, to the past and can beof Jesus burning in their hearts. And lieve unreservedly in the future. all the doubts and hesitancies of vested ecclesiasticism couldn't stop them. If the missionary enterprise needs youth, how can youth be re-enlisted? Now, youth is still required for the I have no panacea-only several sugrevitalizing of foreign missions. This gestions. is true, in part, because of the kind of a world to which the missionary In the first place they might be goes out to work. It is a world of gathered in greater numbers in conflux. Men and women, particularly ferences. You have been depressed young men and young women, are about the reactions of young people groping. They are not sure how they toward the enterprise. Well, it seems wish to make the future. They are logical that youth might have someonly sure that it must be vastly dif- thing to say on the subject. Why ferent from the past. Old economic not try them. standards, old social systems, old religious beliefs are being thrown into If youth is to be reenlisted we need the crucible. Those who speak for to demonstrate, all over again, that Christianity in such a laboratory must foreign missions is a prophetic movebe prepared to submit their faith to ment. I mean by that, prophetic in the same process; must be willing to terms of today's problems as in the see old forms and old structures torn past it was prophetic for the past's apart; must be ready to stand by the problems. The striking fact about vital elements of Christianity without foreign missions in the past is that too much concern for the forms that it was courageous and outspoken, are found to express it. And for that prophetic if you please, in terms of service youth has peculiar qualifica- the current world. Youth likes to be tions. ahead of the times and associated with movements that are. Just now there

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

is a wide-spread question as to wheth- tate. We need to reexamine the roots er missions are ahead of the times. of our faith; and the fruits of our own experience and to stand forth, There are three fields in which it as other generations stood forth, nevoccurs to me the missionary movement er doubting that there is no other might raise the voice of prophecy. name given under heaven whereby men are being saved. Once we are 1. In regard to church unity. Youth sure ourselves our certainty will comhas scant reverence for the contem- municate itself to these young people. porary significance of denominationalism. This is particularly the case Finally, youth may be rewon when in regard to the foreign field. And we see to it that this indispensable it is not an adequate answer to read Gospel has a more adequate chance the long and cumbersome roll of the here at home. The world today lives various cooperating agencies. Youth in embarrassingly close quarters. wouldn't understand them. Who does? Everyone knows a lot about everybody We will begin again to win the heart else. The result is often disconcerting. of youth when we make it plain that It is no longer possible for white church unity is a major purpose of Christians to profess things on the our program of world evangelism; highways of the world that they do that denominationally we are prepared not practice back home. Folks know to decrease in order that Christianity the gulf that very often yawns bemay increase. tween the things we publicly profess and those that we privately practice. 2. Prophecy is needed in the realm of social relationships. The question A Christian community, outspoken young people raise relative to missions on the war issue, is doing a missionis not how many have been baptized, ary job. The proper Christian influbut how many baptized individuals ence in our industrial situations at have been made to live and to act home is as good missionary work as like Christians. a year of intensive evangelism on the field. Young people must be convinced 3. Prophecy is needed in the realm that we are not advocating for the of international contacts. I believe world a Gospel that we are afraid to that the missionary enterprise repre- attempt in the United States. Youth sents the one uniformly unselfish con- will be reenlisted when they are certact between white and non-white peo- tain that our fight is against heathples. Take away the missionary and enism-wherever it shows itself; that you remove the only real evidence we are out to destroy unrighteousness available to the non-white world to in- and that we recognize no national or dicate that Christianity has not sold racial lines for our consecration to out to Mammonism. But this fact that task. needs translation into policies that cut all connections with imperialism. I believe that foreign missions must rewin youth and that youth can be In these three particulars there is rewon. The enterprise, if its vitality ample room for forerunning; there is to be restored, must be restored is ample field for prophetic-if em- with the spirit of youth; there must barrassing – pronouncements; there be injected into our purposes the fire is an opportunity to reenlist young of prophecy; into our hearts a new people. experience of the certainty of our faith; and into our program a com- In the second place, to rewin youth prehensiveness that knows only the we need to offer new proof that the distinctions between righteousness foreign missions Gospel is still indis- and unrighteousness and between men pensable to the world's salvation. and societies that are pagan and men and societies in which the spirit of As Christians we are too easily Christ has found supremacy. stampeded from the bulwarks of our faith. The young people of today hesitate about accepting our claims for our faith because they see us hesi-

AMERICA tunity to attend religious

The Methodist and Presbyterian Foreign-Language Seriptures churches formed a federation under the name of the Eldorado County Fed- T HE American Bible Society is co- erated Church. Although the work is operating with the Bureau of Ref- organized as one parish with one proerence for Migrating People of the gram of activities there are two pas- Home Missions Council and Council of tors, one a Methodist and the other a Women for Home Missions in provid- Presbyterian. A recent report indiing for the distribution of diglot for- cates that six places outside of Placereign language scriptures to foreign- ville are now regularly served with speaking newcomers. This will serve occasional services in other communithe minister, or church worker who ties. The people have responded to has received the name of an immi- this type of program with increased grant foreign-speaking family from financial support.. the Bureau of Reference for Migrating People, as a spiritual introduction. Pioneer Hardships Today Diglot scriptures are in two languages, English and a foreign language, both "ADISTRICT Superintendent in appearing on one page. For instance, Central Tennessee does not drift diglot "Fatti Degli Apostoli" is the "Acts of the Apostles" in Italian and toward heaven on palatial airships," English, the right-hand column of the writes the Rev. E. M. Nunally, Dispage giving the English, and the left- trict Superintendent of the Baxter hand column the Italian, verse for District, Central Tennessee Conferverse. ence. Last Thanksgiving he started out through the mud and drove thir- The gift of a diglot copy of the teen miles until he could go no further scriptures which can be read in the on account of a muddy hill. He and newcomers' own language may serve the local pastor left the car and to reawaken interest in the Book of walked to the bank of Cainey Fork books, help them to connect with a River. He says: "We found no boat church in the new home, exert an in- or canoe. We had no road. Had' to fluence for good, and acquaint them walk through muddy cornfields, climb with the English language. back on the hill and descend over a rocky cliff and wade through mud The Bible Society has supplied the caused by a recent tide until we came Bureau with special request blanks at last to the river bank where we for the use of ministers to whom the were carried across in a canoe. Then name of a foreign-speaking family is we had to walk nearly two miles to the sent. This enables the minister to for- church through mud. The business ward a request for a particular diglot, session of the first Quarterly Conferdirect to the branch agency of the ence fixed the pastor's salary at $350. American Bible Society nearest him. They had paid the pastor this quarter The Result of a Survey DOR seventy-four years Methodists $13. However, we visited two old widows, enjoyed a good dinner (no .£' and Presbyterians worked side by turkey), visited a home where a baby was sick, but where a four-year-old side in Placerville, California. A sur- girl ran to us and threw her arms vey of the county showed that about half of the people in it had no oppor- 396

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

around our necks. We also visited an- our old missionaries say (a man who other family whose little girl had lacked only one of having enough headed off in the muddy road to invite scalps to make him a chief when the us to her home. We held a prayer Spirit of the Lord laid hold upon service in one home. After all we him) : felt that we had enjoyed a good Thanksgiving." You know when we used to fight our enemies, we neither ate, slept nor rested Education for the Negro till we conquered them. Can't we do as much now for our Lord?" COLLEGES for Negroes in the U. S. have more than doubled in The Gospeb In Navajo number, and enrollment has increased six times in the past ten years. In T HE Rev. Fred G. Mitchell, of the spite of this gain, there is urgent need Presbyterian Mission in Ganado, of more and better education. For ex- Arizona, preached the first fourteen ample, there is but one Negro physi- years of his ministry to the Navajos cian to each 3,343 of Negro popula- without a single convert. He now betion in America. Negro theological lieves that within five years the whole seminaries are turning out annually tribe can be reached with the Gospel, less than ten graduates to fill 19,000 and the apparently quickening intervacant pulpits. It is encouraging that est of these Indian shepherds wherethe Negroes themselves are striving ever the native evangelists and to better this situation, having estab- community workers go support Mr. lished sixteen colleges and univer- Mitchell's belief. His twenty or more sities, which they own, manage and in years on the reservation and a coma large measure finance. plete knowledge of the language pe- culiarly fit him for the task for which Nez Perces Missionaries he has asked a year's leave of absence to devote himself more exclusively to THE United Presbyterian Church, the building up of evangelistic outsta- in its mission in Idaho, has for tions and to the translating of Gospels forty years been training Indians of and gospel hymns. Mr. Mitchell is the Nez Perces tribe for Christian a pioneer in this latter work, and one service. Miss M. M. Crawford writes of the committee of four which has of their work: "The Nez Perces are already reduced the Navajo language greatly concerned for the salvation of to a writing and translated in whole their red brethren. They have gone or in part twelve books of the Bible.- from tribe to tribe in parties, paying Presbyterian Magazine. their own expenses and sometimes traveling as much as 800 miles each The MOrDlons Today way, to reach others with the Gospel of Jesus Christ. For ten years they T HE United States Bureau of the have been reaching an average of six Census in its recent report of "The tribes each year. Our Nez Perces Latter Day Saints" in America states gladly help missionaries of any evan- that this sect, founded by Joseph gelical faith, and missionaries among Smith in 1830 at Fayette, Seneca many tribes are calling for them. The County, New York, has now 1,867 Indian can reach his own people as no churches with 606,561 members. Of one else can. He knows the Indian this number 592 churches and 64,367 background, the temptations of the are members of the "Reorganized Indian heart. He knows, too, how to Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day condemn the old sins; and you may Saints." One-fifth of the members be very sure the Nez Perces are not are under thirteen years of age. The afraid to strike at any sin of their old expenditures of both branches of the heathenism …. I once heard one of church in 1926 amounted to $3,095,- 895 and the pupils in Sunday-schools numbered 209,593.

The growth of these churches from gation have stopped in to speak to 1906 to 1916 showed an 80% increase him whenever there was the chance but from 1916 to 1926 it was .only and in this way he has felt as one of 20%. The annual expenditures, how- us.

ever, between 1916 and 1926 increased "Jim had been in the community for from $949,104 to $3,095,895 or over a number of years and none of the two hundred per cent I Of the income Christian bodies had ever thought of reported $463,749, or about one-fifth, him in spite of the fact that they were was for missions and benevolences. all doing work in China. It quite The Mormons of the larger Utah startled them when he was confirmed 1"

branch report churches in forty-five states, the largest number of. organi- LATIN AMERICA zations being: Utah (544), Idaho Two Black Republics (270), Arizona (58), California (48) and Wyoming (45). Foreign mission- THE island of Haiti, where Chrisary work is conducted by them in topher Columbus landed on one of Great Britain and Ireland, all the his voyages to America, contains two countries of Northern Europe, Tur- distinct republics: the Republic of key, South Africa, Mexico,. South Haiti, known as the "Black Republic," America, Australia, New Zealand and and the Dominican Republic, occupythe Island,! of the Pacific. They re- ing the eastern end of the island. Beport 1,045 missionaries with 6,735 na- cause of a difference in complexion tive helpers, 469 mission churches and there is considerable race feeling be- 53,089 communicants. tween the two countries on the island and, owing to the fact that communi- Foreign Missions at Home cation between them has not been JIM LUM is "just the ordinary good, there has not been a large inter- Chinaman who has a laundry in so change of population. Now roads are many places," an Episcopal rector being built, and the demand for labor writes. "He did my laundry and I in the Dominican Republic is bringing was struck by the thought that we large numbers of Negro Haitians to spend so much money in trying to that country. Among these Haitians help the Chinese in his own country there is a widespread Protestant moveand do not bother about him at all ment and hundreds of these Protestant when he is at our very doors, often- or potentially Protestant people are times very lonely and isolated. now in the Dominican Republic, and they are beginning to call upon mis- "Jim could speak little English, but sionaries there for help. The strong could understand it better than he race prejudice between the two peocould talk it, so I would stop and talk ples makes it impossible to take the to him. He had a good moral reputa- Haitians into the Dominican halls, and tion and was easily interested in com- so missionaries face the dilemma of ing to the services which he learned refusing to minister to these Haitians to enjoy and appreciate. I approached now living in Dominican territory, or him on the subject of his uniting him- of attempting a task altogether too self with the church and tried to make large for their present resources.- clear to him what it would all mean. World Neighbors.

"He was the first Chinese who had been presented for confirmation. This was about two years ago and Jim has Bibles in Mexico B been one of our most faithful com- IBLE Institutes are becoming an integral part of Mexican church municants ever since. He has con- tributed regularly each year more activity, and are of real value to col- than he promised, to both sides of the porteurs who gather annually for duplex envelope, and is always anxious study and prayer. The American Bi- to give. The members of the congre- ble Society in Mexico, established fifty

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

years ago, has had a memorable year, Sunday-schools, in literary output, in having distributed 47,507 copies, and evangelistic work among the aborig- 1,652,850 volumes in its fifty years' inal Indians, in theological education, history. The appointment of a Mexi- in movements of social reform and in can as agency secretary is a forecast other ways the Committee on Cooperaof the day when all this work will be tion has been able to promote construcin the hands of Mexicans themselves. tive work. There is also cooperative work with the Church in other lands. A New Indian Mission Today, school children of Brazil cor- respond with school children in Portu- T HE Indian Mission Committee of guese Africa and Japan. A letter America was formed in 1921 for from the Transvaal missions anthe purpose of taking the Gospel to nounces the liberation of an exiled bethe neglected Indians of Latin Ameri- liever in India, a case in which our ca speaking only their own language intervention had been asked. It was or dialect. Dr. Thomas C. Moffett was this committee that made it possible Chairman and Mr. Dinwiddie, General to intervene with the authorities in Secretary. Last Spring Dr. Moffett Japan in favor of liberty of conscience resigned from the Indian work, of of their emigrants to Brazil. which he had had charge for about twenty-one years, under the Presby- The Earthquake and the Gospel terian Board of National Missions and as a result the Executive Committee T HE earthquake did not touch us, was called together and the Indian Mis- but it did touch the conscience of sion of America was organized with some who were badly scared-es- Mr. W. B. Coleman as Chairman, Dr. pecially one old sinner in Concepcion, Moffett, Secretary, Mr. Legters, Field who has been attending our Gospel Secretary, and Mr. Harvey Borton as hall. He immediately married the Treasurer. Dr. Moffett is now on an poor dear soul with whom he has been extended trip to Central America in Jiving for years-a thing I have not order to have first-hand information been able to persuade him to do herethat he may be better able to present tofore. But the earthquake did! We the needs in the United States. The have small shocks here every two Lord has already raised up a Maya weeks or so!. ….. Indian, fully equipped with college and seminary training, who is ready to go In all her history I do not think the among his own people. His support officia~ doors in Chile have ever been has been supplied, and Mr. Legters so open to the Gospel as now. For is leaving on the 24th to make the instance, the other day the governfinal arrangements for starting this ment granted me written permission new work among the Mayas, of whom to preach the Gospel in every jail and there are 227,000.-Report of the penitentiary in the country. One of Pioneer Mission Agency. the secretaries of the Department of Justice, and later the chief of the Revival in Brazil Prison Department, in granting the permiso, said that we are doing just AREVIVAL of interest in religion what they want to have done! To has been noted in Brazil in recent have tbem express such sentiments in years and both Roman Catholic and an official position in a Roman Cath- Protestant churches are attended by olic country is a bit surprising. increasing numbers. The Protestant churches realize that the time calls We have just finished in Concepcion for cooperation among the various de- a fine Bible campaign in the big exnominations if advantage is to be posicion in Concepcion. Last year, we taken of the opportunity for construc- saw the opportunity at a similar fair tive work. and promised the Lord, if He would give us the chance, we would put a In religious education through the stall of His Word in the next big

exposition. Therefore, when the no- sionary interest by an effort to expand tices began to appear about the ex- the interest of other Christians in posicion rtacional, I wrote to a good mISSIOns. A group of students, se- friend in Santiago, and he telegraphed lected for the campaign, made careful that he would come and help. I im- preparation under competent leader- mediately took a stall contract and ship and then went forth in small then the fun began! Help came to us groups to preach in the churches, and from all parts-Valparaiso, Santiago, to deliver addresses in schools and to and Argentine. Tracts, Gospels, Bi- other gatherings.-The Indian Wit- bles and various exhibits began to ness.

pour and we sold or gave out over 50,000 tracts and Scripture portions. The United C,hurch in Scotland Among the sales were Hebrew, Arabic, ,tFTER long negotiation the Church Yiddish, German, English and Arau- f t of Scotland, (Presbyterian) and cano (the main Indian tribe here) the United Free Church, are coming besides those in the principle language, together. The negotiations for union Castellano. Many of the highest have been carried forward with paclasses were reached with the Gospel tience and careful consideration of messages at the open-air meetings in those who hesitated over the proposal to give up their historic identity. The front of the stall every night. One afternoon the admiral and the promise is that this union will be comandante of Chile's big battleship effected without any serious loss, but stepped up and held a few moments' a practically unanimous action in both conversation with us. Before they Churches. Legislation was secured left, they invited us to speak again through the British Parliament which at the fleets' winter quarters in Co- removed the old objections of the Free quimbo.-Wm. M. Strong, Concepcion. Church, and made it impossible for the State to interfere with the inter- EUROPE nal affairs of the Church.

Mlasionary Interest in Universities One small group in the United Free BRITISH Universities, notably Ox- Church voted against accepting the ford and Cambridge, appear to basis of union, and at the meeting of be experiencing a distinct revival in the General Assembly last May threat- the missionary interests of their stu- ened to carryon as a "Continuing dents. The postwar pessimistic reac- United Free Church." Later reports, tion against idealistic activities has however, show that the large majority seemingly subsided and is about to be of this small minority will be satisfied succeeded by a reassertion of faith in, to have their protest recorded and will and devotion to, organized movements not become parties to another ecclesi- for the glory of God and the service astical "split."

of mankind. The meetings of the two General Groups of students meet to pray Assemblies this year will be events for the advancement of the Church of tremendous interest. It will be the throughout the world and particularly last time these two bodies will sit as in regions where special difficulties separate and more or less rival or- are being encountered. ganizations on opposite sides of High A group of Oxford students spent Street, Edinburgh. Already American their long vacation in missionary work Churches are designating special dele- in South Africa. We read of a mis- gates to these meetings when the af- sionary campaign in five Deaneries in fairs of the Church of Scotland and England in which students from Ox- the United Free Church, as separate ford, Cambridge, King's College, Lon- ecclesiastical bodies, will be closed up.

don and the C. M. S. Woman's In October or November a special Training College, participated. These meeting will consummate the union.

students sought to exercise their mis- There will remain a few small bodies

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

of the Presbyterian order which will Union is representative of five be independent of this national Pres- Churches and includes both home and byterian Church, such as the "Wee foreign missions (in the East and Frees." This union should give Scot- West Indies), medical missions and land a great Church, which will be missions to Jews. The total member- able to multiply its activities. ship of the affiliated groups is over four hundred and fifty. A scheme for Polish Reformation a Home Preparation Union has been T HE ProteBtantiBche RundBchau de- adopted and applications have already scribes a new reformation among been received from candidates for the Poles. The National Church in Bible study. The organizing secre- Poland has now fifteen parishes and tary is Miss A. E. Adriani, formerly a hundred thousand adherents. a missionary in Java. Miss Adriani recognized the need for organizing the The first synod of the church was many isolated groups and circles of held in Warsaw last June, there being women in Holland who were interested two hundred and fifty present, among in and working for missions and this them two bishops and three laymen unified group will u n d 0 u b ted I y from America. Plans were made for strengthen the women's side of misthe establishment of a theological sionary work in the Netherlands by seminary and the statement was issued making known the need for women that the National Church of Poland to fill posts on the field, by encouragwished to live on good terms with all ing offers of service and directing Christians who based their teaching courses of preparation. In America on the Gospel. All members of the and in Great Britain similar organizachurch are equal, the women having tions of women have been a prelude church franchise. to the full cooperation of men and women in missionary organizations. If the two Polish Reformed Catholic churches unite it will mean an im- portant secession from Rome, for the Communism in Norwa.y Mariavites number 100,000 with 4 I N THE labor parade last year in bishops, 30 priests, 500 sisters, and Stockholm a twelve-year-old boy 200 lay-brothers. They possess 68 carried a banner on which was inparishes, 7 convents, 80 parish schools, scribed, with a picture of a Bible 12 orphanages, and 60 workshops for burning, the words, "Away with Christ children, an old people's home in every from the schools." The Vice-Chairparish, and a great number of agri- man of the labor party in Norway, cultural and industrial enterprises Professor Edward Bull, has recently which support the clergy, the sisters, said: "We of the workers' party will the charities, and schools. The clergy fight dogmatic beliefs both in church have no fixed salaries. The institu- and state; also the Christian teaching tional- developments of this reformed of non-resistance and humility and its Catholic church are evidence of its bondage to the letter. We will secularvitality. In renouncing Rome they ize the schools, the hospitals and care also have renounced spirits and tobac- of the sick, burials, marriages, and the co. They are evangelical, but with registration of births. Weare the ircertain erratic interpretations.-Sun- reconcilable enemies of the dominant day School Times. Lutheranism as of all the other stupe- fying sects. Our church policy is one Holland Women Unite of attack."

ON JANUARY 18TH, delegates At the last general congress of the from thirty different Protestant Lutheran Church held in Hamburg, missionary circles united to form the Dr. Schabert of Riga spoke of the Vrouwen – Zendingsbund (Women's ecclesia crucis ("called-out ones of the Missionary Union) of Holland. The cross"). He has been twice impris- 6

oned by the Bolshevists, once banished manpower out of the villages. Old to Siberia, once sentenced to death, tribal relations are breaking down. escaping as by miracle before execu- Thirty thousand Negroes now live in tion. The Baltic Christians were the native quarter of Leopoldville. crowded into cells in which one could They come from all parts of the Connot stand upright. The coarse and go and are subject to the fierce temptyrannical conduct of the guards, tations and powerful influences of the weighed like one of the Alps on Chris- city. tian prisoners. Those who were sent to execution had to dig their own French, as a common language, is graves on cold win t e r nights. being pushed by the government. A Churches were defiled. Yet in spite course of study for the schools, inof all, the spirit of love exhibited it- cluding French, is proposed and beself. People shared with each other fore many years may be required of and with the prisoners. Among the mission schools. A restlessness, a thousands executed were thirty-six yearning to see other places, a shift- Lutheran pastors. – ERNEST GORDON, ing of population, a desire for instrucin The S. S. Times. tion, is manifested everywhere.

AFRICA A great colonial empire has come into being in the Congo. The same Contra.ts in Africa challenge is found also in other states -Cameroons, Liberia. DR. AR'FHUR C. BALDWIN gives this picture of the Africa of to- The Protestant missionary forces day: must get together and comprehend the challenge. Rome sees it. Three thou- The changing order in Central Af- sand white-robed priests, Jesuits, Rerica presents a challenge to Protes- demptors, etc., are working without tant Christianity. scruple to overcome Protestant influ- ences and possess the land.-Missions. The old Africa, land of mystery and isolation, has passed. Civilized imple- God Is Able, We Are Able ments have opened the interior. Commerce is threading its rivers and THE Sudan Interior Mission, with forests. Where Stanley took 999 days which is united the Abyssinian to come down the river Congo, travel- Frontiers Mission, has as its letterers today can go from the east to west head motto: coast in two weeks. Huge steamers carrying 1,000 passengers are on the God is Able river. Its vast tributaries are mapped 2 Cor. 9: 8 and visited by regular lines. We Are Well Able Num. 13: 30 The narrow-gauge railroad from Matadi to Leopoldville is being rebuilt Not to mention the associated mison a better roadbed with a broader sion which has been noted in previous gauge. The traffic of all Congo pours issues, we emphasize here the work down through this neck of the bottle. of the older mission, now in its twen- Automobiles are seen by the hundreds ty-seventh year, which has received up the river. A highway for auto most of its support and force from trucks now connects Thysville and Canada. Its December circular letter Elisabethville, 2,000 miles away, to gives good reason for thankfulness. the great copper mines. For three years in succession it has made nearly a twenty-five per cent in- Infant industries, cotton mills, etc., crease annually in the missionary are springing up. In Leopoldville a force. Three new stations have been cotton mill is now being erected, and established in the French Sudan and it is reported that 500 Belgian girls in Nigeria. And the union with the will be brought down to work in it. Abyssinian Frontiers Mission is an- The demand for labor is drawing the other cause of encouragement and thanksgiving. But when one reads of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

their own task, the need of enabling Keeping her in the dark, he first tried is manifest. The Moslem provinces to scare her into obedience to her facing them in Northern Nigeria have mother by his gruesome conjuring, in- five million people unreached except cantations and magic, calculated to very slightly. The great areas west- raise the hair of a warrior. Not sucward from its two stations in the ceeding, he scourged her and then French Sudan, with large pagan tied her up by her feet to a branch tribes, are unentered still. These that the new religion might percolate needs above the normal one for ex- downward and flow out of her mouth. pansion in their older stations and the This also failing, he gave her an obreplacement of losses all call for an noxious medicine that almost killed able and energizing God. If the spirit her. of its present staff is continued in the nearly forty acceptable candidates who Then, giving the child up as incorhave offered themselves, and more rigible, her mother determined on a than half of whom are supposedly on last resort, kill-or-cure remedy. Drivtheir way, a bit of darkest Africa will ing her away from the school into the see the sunrise of a new life. forest she bound her little daughter to a tree with bark ropes stripped from New Center in the Congo a sapling, and left her there as food for lions. The dreaded black night ANEW station has been opened in enveloped the child in the dreary Af- the Congo, under the Southern rican forest. Darkness came on and Presbyterian Board. It is called Lu- the fearsome noises of the forest; but bondai, is 180 miles southeast of Luebo the angel of the Lord encamped about and 20 miles from a station of the her, for when a Christian found her Ba-Congo Katanga Railway, recently the next morning, he saw lion tracks completed. A splendid motor highway within six feet of her. She had seen connects the mission with the railroad. their glaring eyes as moving balls of It is also on the air mail route from fire, but remembered what she had Luebo to Elisabethville. The mission learned in school, that God had made boasts a large number of adobe build- the lions and her too, and so fear left ings, dispensary, chapel, classrooms her; she felt so sure God would not and residences, but as yet only one let them eat her up. permanent structure, the Pattie M. Sleeper Memorial Church. Ice in Africa Within the short history of the sta- I T IS said that Africa is a continent tion forty young men have decided to of contrasts. Nowhere is this enter the Gospel ministry, twelve of manifested better than in the making whom have sufficient training to enter of ice practically on the Equator. The the Morrison Bible School of Mutoto. ice machine at Central Hospital at Elat, West Africa, has been a source "X.ions and the Lion-Hearted" of amazement to the natives, to whom this is the queerest of all the white FROM the Luanza Mission, Belgian man's medicines. To the sick it has Congo, comes this tale of a believ- been a source of comfort and healing. ing African girl, about nine or ten From the wife of a government official years of age. This daughter of a heath- to several of our own missionaries, ice en mother, had become acquainted with has brought relief when other the missionaries and longed to attend agencies failed. Buried in saw-dust, their girls' school; but her mother it was even taken to another station, forbade her doing so, lest the native fifty miles away, for use in a case of teacher's religion should exert its un- severe illness. When not needed for canny power to change lives. So the therapeutic purposes, ice has given mother turned her over to the witch missionaries an unexpected taste of doctor, "to put fear upon her," which home. On Saturday afternoons the he proceeded to do in this fashion.

missionary children at their school change makes it much easier for new home scramble for the privilege of missionaries to learn the language. "lickin' the dasher." It is fun to see It is also far easier for Turkish chilthe look of bewildered astonishment dren to learn. There is some grumon the black cook's face as he is first bling about the compulsory change, initiated into the mysterious rite of mainly on religious grounds, since, by making ice-cream. "Just like a white forbidding the teaching of the Arabic man," he thinks, "to waste good salt characters, the coming generation will by letting it melt away"-and hastens be prevented from reading the Koran. to catch the icy salt water, which he The Government, while frankly nonboils down patiently until he is re- religious, does not seem to be planning warded by the salt crystalized in the its measures against the Koran, but bottom of the pan. The soiled color this measure is one of the many to of it bothers him not at all as he takes bring Turkey up with Europe. The it to his smiling wife who carefully Government does not care what may preserves it to use in her cooking. be the effect on the religious life of "There is then," thinks she, "some- the people." thing gained from the mad whims of the white people."-The Drum CatL Mount of Olives Bible School WESTERN ASIA T HANKS to a devoted Christian woman of wealth, a site for a Bible In Saint John's Isle study center for the use of Bible students and church workers of all T HE Isle of Patmos, off the coast denominations and nationalities, has of Asia Minor, supports 250 been secured on the Mount of Olives churches. A visitor, whether he be facing Jerusalem. The land has been Jew or Greek, Catholic, Protestant or given to the Travel Institute of Bible agnostic, is received with cordiality Research and is the first plot to be at the monastery. For three days he owned there by a Protestant Organizamay remain and pay nothing for food tion. It is near the traditional site of nor the use of the library, the most Christ's weeping over Jerusalem, interesting feature of the place. A above the Garden of Gethsemane and rich collection of parchment manu- only a few minutes walk eastward scripts includes a fragment compris- from the Brook Kidron. The building the major part of St. Mark's Gos- ings will be erected and study bepel, and a seventh century Book of gun as soon as the funds are raised Job, written on vellum. for the purpose. As the land and the Book and the Man are so intimately Opportunities in Turkey related, it ought to be the most help- ful Bible School in the world, if its AMISSIONARY conference in regulations are dominated by the spir- Adana in January brought to- it of the late Conference upon the gether delegates from all mission sta- Mount of Olives.-Sunday School tions in Turkey. Rev. Charles T. Riggs Times. writes: "Opportunities for service seem to be increasing almost every- Pioneer Evangelism in Iraq where in spite of restrictions as to religious instruction to children under OF THE work of Rev. and Mrs. eighteen. There is a great eagerness Albert G. Edwards in Hillah, the to read, and a wide-open door for good new station of the United Mission in literature. The Bible societies are Mesopotamia, another member of that finding an increased demand for their mission says: "By courage, friendliproducts. But the greatest interest ness and steadfastness they have made now is in learning the newly-adopted their place in the community." Mr. alphabet, and thousands who never Edwards himself writes: "We have tried to learn Arabic are making good made almost daily visits in the bazaar, progress with the Latin letters. The

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in the coffee houses, in the various by a neck incision and the patient offices, or in the homes of the various was at last relieved.

ecclesiastics. In these visits about the city, a good many thousand tracts Oentral Asia'. Ohallenge T have been distributed, all of which HIS part of the world contains Afghanistan, Russian Turkestan, present, more or less fully, the gospel message. Sitting in the coffee houses, Chinese Turkestan, Tibet and Mon- we have often had the opportunity of golia. Centuries ago the Gospel was reading the Bible to quite attentive proclaimed in some of these fields, groups, and the literature we have mainly by Nestorians, but it did not given out is often read to other groups take permanent root. Dr. Kilgour of scattered about. In the last few weeks the British and Foreign Bible Society we have received a few more calls at rightly attributes this lack of per- our house than earlier in the year, manency to the fact that the mission- but we find that on the whole to reach aries did not take to these races the the Arabs in Hillah we have to go Scriptures in their own tongue. They out to where they congregate ….. . had a fine translation of the New Tes- There is a general interest and a wear- tament in Syriac and to the Tibetans ing down of fanaticism, but there has and even the Japanese they taught been aroused opposition in some quar- Syriac, but nothing was done for the ters, especially in Najaf, opposition native tongues. A secondary reason which has been expressed by the print- mentioned by him and by other schol- ing of very blasphemous books against arly resident missionaries is the fact us, our books, and our Saviour." that the Nestorians compromised and mingled Christian truths with Central Persian Aeroplane and Missions Asian mythologies or half truths, as DR. BLAIR of Teheran tells this one sees in the oldest of their monu- story, which is here abbreviated. ments still standing in Rsi-an Fu, A prominent citizen of Tabriz hap- Shensi. Yet of many of these mid- pened to swallow his false teeth while Asians what Mrs. Burroughs said is taking his soup. The partial plate true, that, as in Little Tibet which she followed the soup only to a point be- represents, there is far more concern low and behind the larynx and there about religion in Central Asia than remained fast. For two days he·was in Europe where the lives of the peo- able to swallow fluids but then the ple are dominated by the ever present inflammation prevented all eating and fear of demons and evil spirits. With drinking. All the Tabriz doctors tried the few beacon lights in a territory to relieve him, but lacking special in- about 3,000 miles in breadth there is struments were unable to afford re- abundant reason for the Central Asia lief. A brother in Teheran, who is Prayer Fellowship with its London a member of Parliament, consulted a headquarters.

prominent Persian specialist, and he urged that he be brought to Teheran INDIA AND SIAM at once. The brother chartered an A Oritical Year T aeroplane and sent for the sufferer,RIS is evidently going to be a crit- ical year in India. The movement the distance between the two cities over mountain ranges being 350 miles, for political independence is receiving which by ordinary conveyances would the support of the younger men. The have required fifteen days. The plane recent National Congress, however, de- left Tabriz about noon and was at cided by a majority of votes for Do- Teheran by sunset. The leading Per- millIOn Status in the meantime.

sian surgeon, and the English surgeon Mahatma Gandhi threw the weight of refused to risk operating. So he was his influence in the scale against the taken to the American missionary hos- impatient idealists. Dominion Status pital, where the plate was removed thus represents the largest measure

of agreement among the various be open all the week, and have morn- parties. But the demand for it is ing and evening prayer.

coupled with the provision that if in- 3. Islam is a religion of hospitality.

dependence is not granted before the Is Christianity? It is common to hear end of the year civil disobedience will the complaint, "When we were Mos- be resorted to. lems we could go to anybody's house The National Congress was notable for a cup of coffee, but now we are for other reasons. Pandit Motilal Christians we cannot."

Nehru, the President, made the ob- 4. Too great a lack of teaching aft- servation that "religion as practiced er baptism.

today is the greatest separatist force. 5. Christians ignore the Moslem It puts artificial barriers between man virtues, and emphasize their vices.

and man and prevents the development 6. Social difficulty of marriage.

of healthy and cooperative national 7. Temporal needs of the converts life." It is the Pandit's belief that often blind the missionary to their the purdah and other disabilities of spiritual needs, and favoritism in sup- women are a curse and should be plying temporal needs creates jeal- wiped out without delay. The Chair- ousy.

man of the Reception Committee said, Mortality and Morality in Bomba.y in his address: The man pow.er of India must be fully T HE popUlation of Bombay in 1928 developed and equipped with up-to-date was estimated to be over 1,300,000 ideals. The women must be free. The of whom 850,000 were Hindus, 200,000 thousand and one airtight compartments Moslems, 68,000 Christians, 52,000 of the social fabric should be knocked Parsees, 24,000 Jains and 8,000 Jews. down without mercy. What can we ex- Three-fourths of the population are pect from a people with a polygamous illiterate and sixty-six per cent of the habit? A people so pleasure-seeking, so people live in one room (as compared devoid of self-control, cannot show that with 6% in London); out of every self-abnegation which is so very neces- 1,000 births 828 children die in the sary in a soldier of liberty. There should first year! The low moral conditions therefore be a social revolution which are shown by the fact that there are must go hand in hand with political rev- over 1,000 brothels known to carryon olution. We do not believe in the pro- their- trade in the city, employing 20,- gressive realization of freedom. 000 prostitutes. From these brothels -The Record of the United Free Church of Scotland.

Why Converts Slip Back 134 children were rescued and over 500 boys and girls were found to be DR. s. M. ZWEMER, speaking at living lives of vice. A Rescue Home the 8th Annual Conference of the is conducted under the auspices of the Egypt Intermission Council, quoted Vigilance Association.-DnyanQdaya. some interesting statements from a meeting of converts from Islam, held Women's Moral Reforms at Lahore, India, during his recent T HE Eighteenth Biennial Convenvisit there. Reasons were given why tion of the Indian W. C. T. U. met converts were not more numerous and in Delhi last November under the why some slip back. Presidency of Miss M. J. Campbell, wearer of the rarely bestowed Kaisir- Briefly these reasons were as fol- i-Hind medal. Among the resolutions lows: passed by that body are the following: 1. Because the Church of India is Resolved that the National W. C. T. unsympathetic towards the Moslem U. of India, representing nine provinces convert who has lost his old friends and 7,000 members now in session in and is hungry for new friends. Delhi, express their hearty appreciation of the appeal for better laws restricting 2. Converts miss prayers and Zikrs the traffic in strong drink, and pledge in the church. Prayer is not prom- their full cooperation and support. inent enough. The churches should

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Realizing the terrible effects resulting Thus the Word of God was proclaimed from the use of opium (especially by mightily.

giving it to infants) and other narcotic Refo1'll111 for "Untouchables"

drugs, we urge our members to agitate T HE "depressed classes" of Bengal, numbering eleven millions, sent a against the use of the same; and we deputation to the Simon Commission. pledge ourselves as an organization to The deputation drew an appalling pic- ture of the conditions under which cooperate with any effort toward the 25 per cent of the popUlation in Ben- gal live. The "depressed classes" are suppression of the opium traffic. prohibited from taking water from the wells controlled by the District Regretting the evils resulting in low- Boards; they are compelled to sit shoeless at separate benches in the ered moral tone from the use of im- village schools, and are not even al- lowed to enter the public temples for proper pictures, we desire to cooperate worship. As their spokesmen pathet- . ically declared: "Even our gods are with those interested in their purifica- a depressed class, and untouchable."

tion. We urge a strict national censor- Sir John Simon pointed out that ship of all cinema films. the real task was not to reform the social conditions of the Hindus, but Resolved that we, as an organization, to consider the reconstruction of In- dia's Constitution. The retort came, pledge our cooperation with, and our sup- polite but emphatic: "Until we get port of, every action against prostitu- real direct representation on the Coun- cils our conditions cannot be imtion; and that we urge our members proved." to initiate programs and to carryon Pressed to submit definite proposals, personal and cooperative work to elimi- the deputation pleaded for a separate electorate, adult suffrage, and reprenate this evil, and also to procure moral sentation by their own people, who instruction in the schooI.-Indian Stand- are unwilling any longer to depend on ard, Delhi. . nomination by the Government, and are tired of the lip sympathy of other Sundar Singh, and Other Sadhu8 parties and classes, which evaporates whenever the time for practical action A DECADE ago Christians were comes. deeply moved by a truly holy man, Sadhu Sundar Singh, known in North- Head-hunters on the Burmese Frontern India as "the Apostle of the Bleeding Feet." A Hindu by birth, he tier believes that Christ called him to a life of self-sacrificing service. Today T HIS custom of savages is not conhe spends most of his time in the fined to Borneo, eastern Formosa lofty Himalaya mountains, bringing and other remote regions. The Octoto others the message of his Lord and ber issue of China's MiUions contains Master. Hindu Sadhus live in desert an article about work among Chrisplaces, eat simple food, and with long tians in southern Yiin-nan ,on the matted hair, they resemble somewhat Burman frontillr where head-hunters the Nazarites of Christ's day, as did abound. Gruesome as the details are, John the Baptist. The saintly life of the periodical prints them "to stimu- Sundar Singh has made a deep im- late prayer." The reason of the cuspression upon Hindus and Christians tom here is the needs of agriculture. alike. I''fhe heads when secured are hung up For these reasons some Christians have adopted a similar mode of life, some true followers of Sadhu Jesus and some as imperfect Christians, have adopted healing as did the Master. A village boy who had studied in the mission high school of the Lutherans in Guntur, believed that he was called of God to be such a sadhu, and crowds by the thousand came to hear him and to receive healing. Such huge meetings afforded e"ce)lent opportimities to preach the Gospel, and unable to IIleet sO great a demand he as~ed Lutheran teachers flnd pa!3t gr tJ to pr«;)/!!!h at sllCn met)ting~,

in a high bamboo frame, while direct- tion against the marriage of a girl of ly below in a space carefully protected fifteen to a widower of fifty-five. from intruding animals, a large pile of loose earth is placed. After the The whole town was thrown into in- blood and decaying matter has all tense excitement as young men of the dripped down, it is mixed carefully Jain Association picketed the bride- with the loose earth and each family groom's house to guard against viola- in the village or group of villages is tion of the court's order. given a handful to ensure good crops. The families under each headman The Youths' Association produced have to procure a head each spring at 150 affidavits to show the match was planting time, and the families have improper and stated that the girl was to take turns in supplying the heads. being forced into the marriage by her If he (the headman) cannot procure father against her consent and asked a head, the law is that one of his own that she be separated from her parents children has to be killed and sacrificed to prevent undue influence. Orthodox in the same way." The article says Hindus favored the marriage but the that they have never heard of one of youth of India react against it. . those who have become Christians los- ing his life in this way. Ps. xlvii 20 CHINA AND TIBET is quoted, ·"The dark places of the earth are full of the habitations of FaDline Vondit:lons in Vhina cruelty," as being illustrated by this custom. If the British authorities T HE Rev. F. J. Griffith, who is do- concerned would take over this "no ing relief work from Tatungfu, man's land," the district would fall has sent the following account of within the field allotted to our Amer- famine conditions in the province of ican Baptists. Shansi, North China, to The Mis- sion Field, giving a pitiful picture of Moslem,s and Hindus the suffering of the people of that province: MOSLEMS and Hindus in India seem incapable of living in har- In Saratsi yesterday six persons were mony. The Moslems are intense found dead on the street starved and monotheists; the Hindus are fanatical frozen to death. polytheists. At Bombay labor difficulties have arisen. Moslems were at- The poor people are now forced to eat tacked and retaliated. Fighting with food that is not usually given even to rifles, knives and stone-throwing has pigs. Weeds from the fields have been spread to the Moslem and Hindu used for several months, but with the quarters of the city. The police were frost this supply has stopped. unable to cope with the frenzied mob. Many were killed and wounded. Com- The outer husks of millet which had panies of English regiments quelled no use before are being eaten, also bean the rioting. The trouble indicates cake and bark of trees. what will happen to India if the British leave that country entirely to The villages have been largely evacu- itself.-W atchman-E xaminer. ated. Many women and girls have been sold into slavery.

It is estimated that more than 17,000 women and girls have passed through Yen Men Kuan, the main pass into cen- tral Shansi, since the autumn harvest.

In the train yesterday, I heard the re- mark that the only trade in this district at the present time is this "white slave traffic."

One dutiful son carried his mother 200 Ii on his back and was moving away farther south.

Youth and Child Marriage New Mission to the Hak-ka's ADISPATCH from Bombay, March A NEW mission to China has re- 14th, reports that the Association cently been organized, with headof Youth of the Jain Community at quarters at 75 West Street, New York Ahmadabad obtained from District City. It is a mission to evangelize Judge Davis, a European, an injuuc- the neglected Hak-ka people of south-

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east China. They are called "stran- said, "Now, girls, line up two by two, gers," having mig rat e d from and march out of this building singsouthwest China to the Provinces of ing 'Onward, Christian soldiers.''' Kwangsi, Kwangtung, Fukien, Kiang- They did it while the men stood dumbsi and Honan. They still remain founded. She said to the leader quietunique in character, customs and lan- ly "Confucius could never have helped guage, and are hardy, intellectual, us do that."-In Dnyanodaya. brave, highly civilized and receptive toward the Gospel. It is estimated Progress in China that there are over 15,000,000 of them almost wholly untouched by Christian TARIFF autonomy, so long and armissions. The Hak-ka Mission is be- dently Bought, came into oping promoted by an Executive Committee of which Dr. A. C. Gaebelein eration on January 1. How much this is chairman and Colonel G. N. Sanc- will mean practically only the future tuary is treasurer. The Chinese cen- can disclose, but its coming will mean ter of the w 0 r k is Shiuchow, to that extent, "equality and justice" Kwangtung. in international relationships.

The New Chinese Calendar January 1st was also the date set for the completion of the registration ONE of the reformations of the new of schools. There are signs that the government in China is the adop- Government is tending towards a more tion of the solar calendar instead of liberal attitude to religions as such the lunar calendar which has been but neither the government or. the used in China for thousands of years. educational authorities show any The government seems determined to tendency to give up the requirement force the acceptance of its will in this that attendance on religious services matter, and has refused to allow the and instruction in registered schools lunar calendar to be printed. If it is be voluntary. successful in this undertaking it will be an influence in undermining a great Opium addicts are, after March 1st, number of superstitious practices to be classified as criminals and treated based on the reckoning of the lunar accordingly. Facilities are to be procalendar. vided whereby they may break their bonds but after six months the "iron The Power of Christ hand of law will know no mercy" to opium addicts. The Nationalist Opium DR. J. H. RITSON, secretary of the Suppression Committee is made up of British and Foreign Bible Soci- one hundred representatives of variety repeats a remarkable story that ous organizations, and includes in its he heard from Chinese delegates at membership two leading Christian the Jerusalem Council meeting. The members of the National Anti-Opium incident was related by a Chinese Association, Mr. T. H. Li and Rev. lady, head of a girls' school. In the K. T. Chung. Through it the Nationfighting two or three hundred Bol- alist Government aims to throttle shevik troops, mad with lust, broke China's domestic narcotic menace. into the school-poured in like a river. The yearly consumption of opium in They came up to that lady, little, Peking alone is reported as valued at slight, absolutely helpless apparently, $44,000,000, or 30,000 Chinese ounces and they put a bayonet against her per day. breast, and threatened to pierce her. She said, "Wait a bit"; and she gath- Fortune tellers, who have been patered all the girls together, and with ronized by emperors and coolies alike these men standing around dumb- for centuries in China, must now find founded, she raised her hand and said some other occupation according to "Let us pray." She prayed; then she an order issued by the Nanking Gov- ernment. The order is extended to the entire country, but it is not clear whether the order applies also to as-

trologists, who are called upon to de- body is destined to play an important cide lucky days for all important cere- role in Chinese national life. monies, such as weddings and funerals. There are more than 2,200 Chinese young men and women studying in Christian Officiab in China eighty American colleges in fi'fteen states. More than one-fourth are ABOUT half the heads of depart- Christians. Seven hundred and twenftments in the new government of ty-one Chinese Christians are banded China, and one-fourth of the other together in the Chinese Student's officials of the Central administration Christian Association which after are Christians. These Christians hold nineteen years of steady growth, has regular meetings together for prayer now over thirty-five local units. In for the success of their great task of these associations the Christians meet reconstruction. They are subjecting for social fellowships, intellectual ex- Christian schools to no strictor regu- ercise and the cultivation of the spirlations than the schools of other itual life. The association carries on religions, and are showing general many lines of activities designed to friendliness to Christian missionaries, aid Chinese students in their often restoring to them, one by one, the difficult adjustments to American soproperties commandeered for military cial and college life. In addition it and government purposes during the aims to assist worthy but needy stumonths of struggle. Of course they dents who desire to devote their lives have "done things which they ought to Christian work in China.-Chinese not to have done," but they have Recorder. shown so many evidences of real unselfish patriotism and a desire for Rifles and Chaos in Tibet happy international relations, that we certainly should be able to forgive MODERN rifles, smuggled in from certain extreme expressions of that China, India and Russia, are patriotism-and some acerbities of at- helping to create chaos and confusion titude toward those who have seemed in Tibet. Not only does every little disposed to deny them the equality principality now have its army, but which they claim. every large monastery has one, too, and clashes are constantly occurring. The same thing is true, in many For example, the monastery of Kanze ways, of the attitude of the people with 3,000 Lamas, equipped with modgenerally. They are ashamed of the ern rifles, is being besieged by an excesses of recent years, and, thor- army from the principality of Drangu. oughly weary of military dictatorships, are earnestly desirous of peace The Panchen Lama, who, as temamong themselves and with other na- poral ruler of Tibet, ought to be maintions.-Courtney H. Fenn in Women taining order, is a fugitive in and Missions. Manchuria, while the spiritual author- ity of the Dalai Lama is being con- Welfare of Chinese Abroad stantly menaced by the appearance of rival incarnations of Buddha. T HE Welfare Association for Chi- nese Abroad was inaugurated in Why do Tibetans want Western Shanghai on November 11th to pro- rifles, but not the religion of Westmote and protect the interests of Chi- erners? Is it any more inconsistent nese abroad. Among its directors are with his religion for a Lama to use well-known Chinese who represent a rifle, than for a Christian? Contheir constituents in the United States, sidering the terrible burden which Canada, South America, India, Siam, western militarism has been to China, Singapore, Java, Australia and the how do you account for the fact that Philippines. Such a representative one of the earliest products of Prot- estant missions in China, Yung Wing, in his autobiography, boasts of thll

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fact that he introduced gatling guns except Holland, Belgium, and England, into China, and started the first mod- and these nations have overseas pos- ern arsenal? Is the Church doing sessions which afford some relief, anything adequate to undo the harm whereas Japan's overseas possessions, which Western munitions of war are Korea and Formosa, are already well doing in non-Christian lands ?-Mis- occupied, and her immigrants are re- sions. fused a welcome in lands ruled by the white races.

JAPAN AND KOREA To help solve this problem the north- A Japanese View of the Need ern island of Hokkaido is being de- T HE Executive Committee of the veloped. At present the population Board of Directors of the Kumiai of the island is not more than 2,300,- (Japan) Church states that foreign 000, but it may eventually reach 10,- missionaries are still needed in Japan. 000,000. The rapidity of development in some districts is amazing. (1) Because of the great task ahead. The task of the evangelization The C. M. S. started a mission in of Japan is one far beyond our power Hokkaido fifty-four years ago, to evanof accomplishment at present, in view gelize the aboriginal Ainu. Today it of the shortage of our forces. This is confronted with a far bigger task, shortage is emphasized by the duty that of establishing a church that will that devolves upon us of taking the bring the Christian message to new Gospel to great numbers of Koreans, towns and cities. Round each mis- Formosans and Manchurians who are sion station is a potential town or without our borders. village, some of which will become considerable centers of population in (2) For the sake of world prog- the future. The present aim should ress that will come through the open- be to plant the Christian Church in ing of the civilization of the Orient. each new settlement before the Budd- The urgent duty of the present lies hist temple or Shinto shrine is built in the direction of a thoroughgoing there. Christianization of Japanese culture, which is central to the culture of the Work with a Purpose Orient. T OYOHIKO KAGAWA began work (3) Because of the need of a me- eighteen years ago against the dium for continuing friendly relations slums of Japan. Tuberculosis, leprosy, between Japan and America. We be- trachoma and syphilis are the four lieve that the work of bringing about worst diseases under attack, and the peace on earth, no less than that of method has been by public addresses saving individuals, is one of the great and writing fiction about them. Some tasks imposed upon Christianity, and pamphlets containing extracts from that the missionary's opportunity in his novels were distributed in the this present instance is very great. House of Peers two years ago and Over-Population of Japan this led to the Government's appro- priating 20,000,000 yen for a ten year T HE Church Missionary Outlook program to destroy all slums in J a- says that there are few problems pan's large cities.

more urgent to the Japanese states- With the money derived from sales man than those of an evergrowing of his novels Mr. Kagawa gave 5,000 population and an already over-popu- yen to establish a night school for lated country. In 1926 the people of laborers; others have been organized Japan were a million more than the for peasants. He feels it of utmost previous year; in average years the importance that these schools be main- net increase has been from 700,000 to tained on Christian principles. Chris- 800,000. Japan has already more peo- tian Japanese and Americans of Cali- ple to the square mile than any nation fornia contribute $300 a month, and

in the East a group, called Kagawa meet in fifteen separate groups every Cooperators in America, is raising Sunday, except the first Sunday in the $5,000 to enable Kagawa to give half month when they unite in a meeting his time to the nation-wide evangel- for testimony and prayer. istic campaign, instead of raising money for his social and religious In the Union Christian College in centers by incessant writing of books Pyengyang the influence of the revival and articles. Mr. Galen M. Fisher of was felt. The evening meetings for the Institute of Social and Religious students from the various schools Research, is chairman of the Eastern were attended by about 1,000, many group of these cooperators and Mr. of whom became Christians. Others Harry E. Edmonds of International decided on life work for Christ. In House, New York, is treasurer. the midst of the strong impact of non- Christians, of infidelity and material- Ohristian Literature :for Korea ism, where multitudes are not inter- ested in any religion; in the face of T HE Christian Literature Society constantly increasing skepticism, of Korea is seeking to provide caused by reading the papers, magafor the publication and distribution zines and books published throughout of Christian literature in Korea, where the Far East, the students are standing there are now more than 300,000 Prot- firm with strong faith in a sovereign estant Christians, the great majority God and an all-sufficient Saviour and being resident in villages. This union Lord. publishing institution meets the needs of practically all the missions work- Mr. Lee of Shantung, China, one of ing in that land and provides Chris- the missionaries sent by the Korean tian material for Sunday-school General Assembly's Board of Foreign lessons, Bible institute studies, theo- Missions, tells how the Pyengyang relogical seminary textbooks, multitudes vival meetings stirred Chinese Chrisof tracts for the wayside distributor, tians to plan a revival campaign in and a weekly newspaper, The Chris- Shantung. "Chinese evangelists with tian Messenger. Korean authors and enthusiasm got Chinese Christians to translators are contributing to the give time to preaching in organized output of this society. bands. What wonderful grace of God! We preached in fifty-three vil- A Revival in Pyengyang, Korea lages, giving true witness about Jesus, the Saviour. We preached to 15,683 I AST October witnessed a real re- individuals personally, distributed 14,- L vival in North Korea. As a result 000 tracts and sold 4,400 gospels . . . . . We must bring China to Christ. The about 2,000 men and women decided revival has begun. Keep on praying." to accept Christ during the three weeks meetings. The Sunday-school Korean Ohri.tian Student Revival" enrollment increased and the churches made special efforts in caring for the SEVERAL students of Union Chrisnew converts. The Christians were tian College, Pyengyang, Korea stirred with a new zeal in saving (Chosen), during the Christmas vacasouls. tion answered calls to conduct revivals in a number of churches. After pray- On the last day of the revival meet- ing together, they discussed with ings, many young people not only reg- church officers how to make the most istered decisions for life service but successful attack in several large unsome two hundred, mostly students, evangelized communities. They debound themselves together in a league cided to divide into bands of two each. for daily Bible reading, prayer and It was zero weather, snow covered the leading others to Christ. They have ground but the warmth of Christ's grown in numbers until there are love in the hearts of these young colabout four hundred young people who

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

lege boys made them willing to go to enter these fields, the influence of Mothe limit of sacrifice in touching the hammedanism, which is spreading cold hearts of Christians and giving rapidly, will soon be such as to form life to the unevangelized in a difficult a most effective barrier to its progsection. ress. Mohammedanism is rapidly dis- placing paganism. This fact surely In three weeks of intensive efforts makes the evangelization of these over 3,000 were personally approached. fields all the more urgent. As Paul Meetings were held every evening at heard the pitiful cry of the man of which more than 400 decided for Macedonia, 'Come over and help us,' Christ. The Christians, having been so may we today hear the cry of the stirred, went out to preach to rela- perishing in Borneo and these islands." tives, neighbors and friends, and to -Report of the Pioneer Mission lead them to the meetings, thus being Agency. themselves greatly revived in leading others to Christ. Evangelist Kim, New Mission in the Philippines full of enthusiasm over what had been accomplished, writes: uNothing short DR. RAPHAEL C. THOMAS, for of a miracle. . . . .. These young men twenty-four years a medical miswere filled with the Holy Spirit ….. . sionary of the American Baptist For- These students brought new life, new eign Mission Society in the Philipstrength to fight the evils, a new vis- pines, has left that Board and, since ion of the Christ, a fresh hope for the March. 1928. has been evangelizing future." the 20,000 students in Manila. He has organized the first Baptist church in ISLANDS OF THE SEA that city, backed by a small group of Baptists who wish to try the simple Unevangelized Millions apostolic method of evangelism. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody of Beverly, Mass., REV. R. A. JAFFRAY, of the Chris- is the chairman of the committee in tian and Missionary Alliance, re- America. and Miss Traver, a graduate cently made a trip of exploration in of the Biblical Seminary, New York, the unreached parts of the South Sea is secretary. Dr. Thomas will con- Islands. We quote from his report: tinue to supervise the work of the new Doane Hall in Iloilo, a great student "Wherever I went, I asked in Eng- center. Patricio Confessor, a gradlish and Chinese, 'Is there anyone uate of Gordon College, is assisting here who knows Jesus? Do you know the new missionary, Mr. Castrodale, anyone who believes on the Lord J e- who has just arrived. Both Mr. and sus Christ?' Often they did not know Mrs. Castrodale are graduates of what I meant; they did not know that Moody Bible Institute. The new misthere was a Lord Jesus Christ." Mr. sion asks for buildings, equipment, a J affray learned that there is no work small hospital and general support.- being done in any of the following Sunday Schoot Times. fields: Religion in Sumatra The east and west coasts of Borneo. The Boeginese people on the coast DR. WARNECK in the Berichte of of the Celebes, and the wild races of the Rhenish Society presents the interior. some interesting facts concerning re- The southwestern coast of Sumatra. ligious conditions on this great island. Smaller islands in the East Indies He reports that the struggle with real and Malay Archipelago. heathenism is due to two great ob- Large parts of the great island of stacles: The first is the tendency to New Guinea. an increasing compromise on the part It is estimated that the unevangel- of weak Christians. This he defines ized population of these islands is between six and seven millions. In closing his report Mr. J affray says: "If the Gospel of Christ does not soon

as a mixture of pagan elements with chairman, and one on Doctrine, Bishop the Christian faith which they pro- W. F. McDowell chairman, to consider fess. The second lies in the fact that these aspects of the subject and re- so far the Christians number barely port to a later session.

one fourth of the whole population. Whatever recommendations the com- There are in all about one million missioners may eventually make, it is Bataks and one fourth of these are evident that this is to be no merely Mohammedans. The rest live in a perfunctory discharge of duty. The very crass heathenism. So there is question of blending these commis- still much to be done, in spite of mass sions is being discussed in earnest by movements and glorious successes, be- strong men, who have the larger re- fore the whole island will be turned ligious interests of the country at to Christ. One splendid feature about heart.-The Christian Advocate.

the real Christians on the island is that they themselves are carrying on COMING EVENTS Christian missions. They have an or- RURAL LIFE SUNDAY .•……… May 5 ganization known as the "Zending UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST CON- Batak," which has its contributors in VENTION, Lancaster, Pa…• May 14-24 . all of the congregations. Last year PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. their contributions amounted to 28,000 ASSEMBLY, Montreat, N. C. May 16-23 gulden (about $11,200). GENERAL ASSEMBLY, PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, U. S. A., St. Paul, Minn., ……….•…………… May 23-29 MISCELLANEOUS REFORMED CHURCH IN THE U. S. GEN- 'Ehe Oriental Dispersion ERAL SYNOD, Indianapolis, Ind. . ..• •……….•……•…•.. May 22-29 T HERE are about 8,000 students from India, ,Japan, China and Af- NATIONAL COUNCIL OF CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES, Detroit, Mich. • •.•….• rica in western educational institu- •..•..•••••..•…•••. May 28-June 4 tions. In addition there is a vast tide UNITED PRESBYTERIAN, GENERAL Asof immigrants, estimated at 3,000,000 SEMBLY, Pittsburgh, Pa. May 29-June 4 from India, 9,000,000 from China and 1,000,000 from Japan. These figures REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA, GENpresage an outward amalgamation ERAL SYNOD, Holland, Mich•. June 6-12 from a material standpoint. While much has been done by the Student NORTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION, Den- Christian Movement and other agen- ver, Colo••..••..••.•….. June 14-19 cies, most of the students return not so much allies as enemies of the Chris- ALLIANCE OF REFORMED CHURCHES tian cause. They know that Christianity teaches equality of races in the THROUGHOUT THE WORLD HOLDING sight of God, but they find in the west an evident contempt toward their col- THE PRESBYTERIAN SYSTEM, Boston, Mass…….•……•….. June 19-27 CONGRESS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN THE CARIBBEAN, Havana, Cuba .June 20-30 WOMEN'S UNION, EVANGELICAL SYNOD OF N. A., Detroit, Mich…. June 25-28 LUTHERAN WORLD CONVENTION, Copen- hagen, Denmark ….•. June 26-July 4 or. The western world had failed to NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION, show them the real glory of the Chris- Atlanta, Ga……….. June 28-July 4 tian life.-From an address by the DISCIPLES OF CHRIST CONVENTION, Bishop of Litchfield, at York, England. Seattle, Wash.•…..•••• August 8-14 SEVENTH DAY BAPTIST CHURCHES CON- Presbyterian-Methodist Union VENTION, Milton, Wis••. August 20-25 T HE initial meeting of the Meth- CONTINUATION COMMITTEE, WORLD odist and Presbyterian commis- CONFERENCE ON FAITH AND ORDER, Engadine, Switzerland •..• August 27 sions at Pittsburgh agreed upon a EXECUTIVE AND CONTINUATION COMstatement that complete organic union was desirable and they named two MITTEES, UNIVERSAL CHRISTIAN sub-committees, one on Property with CONFERENCE ON LIFE AND WORK, Dr. H. C. Swearingen, of St. Paul, as Eisenbach, Germany •. September 2-9 PRIMITIVE METHODIST CONFERENCE, Pittsburgh, Pa•….• September 11-17

K.S WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Are Foreign Missions Done For ~ By fields-in geographical areas and in Robert E. Speer. 16 mo. 152 pp. unreached classes-occupy one chapter Printed for free distribution. Presby- and show how much remains to be terian Board of Foreign Missions. done. Finally he presents the need New York. 1928. and opportunities for a "life invest- ment" that make their appeal to men. Already 25,000 copies of this little The book is not a collection of dry book have been printed and distrib- statistics. It is full of human touches. uted, chiefly among business men. It is one of the ablest presentations for the cause of Foreign Missions that we Copies of this book, while they last, have seen. Its strength consists will be sent free on request. Address chiefly in foul! things: (1) In the concrete facts relating to the enterprise; the Editor of the MISSIONARY REVIEW (2) The number, variety and standing OF THE WORLD. D. L. P.

of authorities quoted; (3) The un- Foreign Missions Under Fire. By Cor- swerving loyalty to Christ and His nelius H. Patton. 12 mo. 180 pp. standards; (4) The presentation of Paper,60c; Cloth, $1. Boston. 1928.

the case with fairness, fearless logic, It is always easy to find fault, es- force and sustained interest. pecially with work or workers with Every honest open-minded critic whom we are out of sympathy. Many should read this little book to learn even found fault with Jesus Christ the facts, which no one knows better and His program. Many find fault than the author. He lets these facts, with God Himself. Such critics un- and the remarkable array of witness- consciously criticise themselves and es, speak for themselves, and they reveal their ignorance and lack of vi- speak with no uncertain voice in ref- sion.

erence to the missionaries and the Dr. Patton, who has been for many disturbances in China; the influence years in vital touch with Christian of missionaries in India; the achieve- missions and their critics, takes up ments of Christian workers in Africa some concrete modern objections to and the benefits received in Japan. Christian missions and then he pro- The indirect influence is more remark- ceeds to criticise the critics. The book able than the direct. is a popular presentation in the form Dr. Speer takes up specifically the of a dialo~ue or demonstration and contention of some that Christians are is thus well adopted to presentation in not justified in pressing their religion a church. Various men-lawyers, on those of other faiths and shows business men, pastors, student and Christ's need of humanity and human- editor-make their objections and ity's need for Christ and His Gospel. these are answered by well-informed He devotes one chapter to the effi- secretaries and others. One element ciency of Christian missions and its of strength of the book is the number conduct. Then he explains the policy of actual quotations from recent books and program of the foreign mission and magazines, bearing on the sub- enterprise and shows its completeness ject. This little volume will be of and adequacy. The unoccupied especial interest and value to practical 415

business men whose minds are open other pages. It has maps, a bibliogto the influence of facts. raphy and a good index. It is another Dr. Patton, in his discussions, takes up such objections as that missions i1lustration of the splendid work of are futile; that they interfere; that the cost of administration is too high; this Chinese press in Shanghai which that native converts are insincere; that is one of the largest presses in the we have no Christianity to export; that denominational rivalry is killing world. the work; that missionary methods are antiquated, and other criticisms. This is an authoritative volume The answers come not only from the secretary but from such men as E. that will not be superseded for a long Alexander Jowell (traveler and author); Dr. Charles W. Elliot (Ex- time. The tone of the book, on the president of Harvard); Prof. Paul Monro (Columbia University); How- whole, is judicious and fair. The ard W. Taft (Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court) ; events of recent years, as well as those Charles A. Selden (Curtis Publishing Co.); The Governor of Bengal, India; connected with the beginnings of Far Prof. J. F: McFadyen (Queen's College, Toronto); Dr. Thomas Jesse Eastern relations with the western Jones (Director of the Phelps Stokes Foundation) ; Theodore Roosevelt hemisphere, are recorded without bias (former President of the U. S. A.); and, in passing, many voices from non- and with sufficient detail to give the Christian lands. One striking fact is the contrast between the limited reader a clear idea of this history. knowledge and standing of the critics and the intelligence and high positions American thought has too long been of the defenders of missionary work. centered about itself and Europe. Far Eastern International Relations. By Hosea Ballou Morse, LL.D., and Only a small minority of our American Harley Farnsworth MacNair, Ph.D. Pp. XX, 1128. The Commercial Press, people have known or cared about de- Ltd. Shanghai. 1928. velopments in the Far East. The The three volumes of Dr. Morse, on "The International Relations of the study~ of this book will dispel that Chinese Empire," have long been standard reference books but are now ignorance and lay the foundations for out of date. Dr. MacNair has now condensed Dr. Morse's books and has the more detailed study of various asadded a number of chapters, not only bringing the history down to June, pects of the important changes taking 1928, but also enlarging the scope of the work to include the Far East as a place in the relations of the Far East whole. China occupies the. larger part of the book, but the international re- to the rest of the world and of the lations of Japan, Korea, Siam, and Soviet Russia in the Far East are political, social, industrial and cultural briefly recorded. developments in the Far East itself. The book is fully documented. Footnotes are plentiful and valuable, in- Especially interesting are the chapcluding many cross-references to ters on the World War; its effect upon the Far East, Soviet Russia and the Far East, 1917-1925; the Washington Conference and the Far East in 1927.

They present in concise form the out- standing events and give a calm in- terpretation of developments of the past decade that have been reported with partisan glamor or feverish ex- citement. This book is indispensable for the better understanding of the Far East. The missionary who goes to the Far East will need to know the contents in order to understand the questions about which the people in the Far East are very much concerned.

The missionary on furlough who is so constantly asked to explain the daily newspaper reports of Far Eastern events and to give his opinion of the significance and probable outcome of them will be enabled to speak with much more intelligence and authority if he will study carefully this really great book. A. L. WARNSHUIS.

BOOKS

EDUCATION We Believe in Immortality. Sydney Strong. 193 pp. Coward-McCann. IS A New York. 1929. PROFESSION Youth and the World Outlook. For Young People's Classes and Societies. John HARTFORD'S School of Religious Edu- Leslie Lobingier. 12 mo. 64 pp. 35 cation (interdenominational) offers cents. Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1929. thorough training to men and women. 230 graduate and undergraduate American Missionary Association-Annual courses available in three schools. At Report. 79 pp. American Missionary least two years college or normal work Association. New York. 1928. for entrance. Degrees B. R. E., M. A., M.R.E., Ph.D. Graduates hold sala-· The Chinese Revolntion, 1926-27: A rec- ried positions. ord of the period of the Communist control as seen from the Nationalist Address Dean Karl R. Stolz, Ph.D., Capital, Hankow. H. Owen Chapman. D.D., Hartford, Connecticut. Map. 328 pp. 128. Constable. Lon- don. 1928. HARTFORD· Some Bigger Issues in China's Problems. Seminary Foundation Julean Arnold. $2.50. Stechert. New York. 1928. W. Douglas Mackenzie, D.D., President China's Millions. Anna L. Strong. 413 pp. $4. Coward-McCann. New York. 1928.

India: The New Phase. Sir Stanley Reed and P. R. Cadell. 175 pp. 38. 6d. Allan. London. 1928.

The Untouchables: A Story of Indian Girls. Lt.-Col. M'atilda Hatcher. 141 pp. 28. 6d. Salvationist Pub. and Supplies. London. 1928.

Arabia of the Wahhabis. H. St. John B. Philby. Illus. Map. Plan. 438 pp. 318. 6d. Constable. London. 1928.

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REVIEW of the WORLD VOL. LI OLD SERIES VOL. XLI NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor-in-Chief, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL 0'. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

January to 1Jecember, 1928 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON INTERDENOMINATIONAL EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. ELLA D. MACLAURIN REV. ENOCH F. BELL HEV.•TOHN MCDOWELL, D.D. FRANKLI'N D. COGSWELL REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY ]lIRs. JOHN FERGUSON MRS. WM. E. GEIL MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY REV. S. G. INMAN FLORENCE E. QUINLAN MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD RVTH B. R.ULE REV. WM. P. ScHELL, D.D. REV. JOHN BAILEY KELLY MRS. E. H, SILVERTHORN MILTON T. STAUFFER REV. WM, R. KING, D.D. REv. HENRY SMIT'H L·EIPER REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. P, H, J. LERRIGO, PH.D. REV. JAY S. STOWELL GRACE LINDLEY REV. :M:zLLS J. TAYLOR, D.D. F:ElNNELL P. TURNER REV. H. E. LuccocK, D.D. MRS. D, E. WADE JESSE R. WILSON COPYRIGHTED, 1928-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INO.

THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRTSRURG, FA., AND 1;'56 Fnvl'H AVElrE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAUUEL MCCR.EA CAVERT Wu. I. CHAMBElt.LAIN, Vice-President WM. BANClROFT HILL WALTF..R McDOUGALL, Treasl1.rer MRS. OR.RIN R.. ;JUDD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ERIO M. NORTH HARLAN P. BEACH FLEUING H. REVELL GKARLES L. WHITE 1029 MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS Page Page Mexico ………………… .Second Cover, March A"'rica-Boundaries, Divisions …………… 774 Poster for World Day of Prayer, 1929 …. 917 – Missionary Development ……………… 821 – Meeting, Missionary ………. 30'8, 309, 914, 915 – Statistical Maps ………………….. 83(), 831 Poster-Reading, Missionary …………….. 307 – Tribes Recruited for Mines …………… 452 – Unoccupied Fields …………………….. '53 Posters for Children's Work …. 385, 387, 389, 391 American HOIlle Mission Territory …….. 516 United States-Churches per 100() Inhabitants 539 Home Missions in America Today .. Cover, July PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS Page Page Africa-Apolo and Pigmy Friends ……….. 827 Brazil-Jones, Stanley, and Students ……. 883 – Banfield, D. W ………………………… 799 – Mackenzie College …………………. 298, 299 – Bibles, Waiting to Buy ……………… 799 Buddhist at Prayer Wheel, Japan ……….. 29 – Bolenge Hospital Assistants ………….. 901 Burma-Sgaw Karen High School, Bassein 260 – Boys at Umtali, Rhodesia ……………. 455 Butler, John W. .. ………….. c…………. 22 – Burger, Dr., of Bolenge Hospital …….. 9Q1 Chamberlain. Jacob …………………….•. 22 – Child Welfare …………………………. 788 China-Main Street in Country Town in .. 11}3 – Christian Congregation ………………. 457 – Village Shrine and Bell ……………… 104 – Church at Blantyre ………………….. 59 Chinese Incense Seller in Temple ……… 105 – Congo Natives Baptized ..First Cover, October – Patients at Mission Hospital ……….•. 107 – Doctor's Test, Christian ………………. 785 Cobb, Henry Nitchie ……………………… 4 – Elisabethville Church …………………. 458 Conference', International Missionary Exec- – Funeral Dance ………………………… 793 utives, 1913 …………………………. 46 – Graduating Class, Uganda …………… 815 Cratty, Mabel …………………………… 395 – Heathen Warriors ……………………… 951 Eddy, Sherwood …………………………. 141 – Heathenism, Snrviving ……………….. 775 Egypt-Pastors Visiting a Home ………… 689 – Industrial School ……………………… 57 Ellis Island-Sisters from Europe ………. 149 – Livingstone's Body Guard …………….. 55 Exhibits, Missionary …………………..150, 151 — Ministers of the Bandawe Church, Living- Fliedne,r. Pastor Fritz …………………. ,. 723 stonia ……………………………….. 948 Flierl, Senior J. .. ………………………. 344 – MiSSionaries, Pioneer ………………… 772' Foreign ::fissions Conferenee at Garden City, – Moffat Preaching ……………………… 54 1913 ……………… -……….. ………. 41 – Native Village …………………………. 952 Guild House Party, Keuka ……………….. 220 – Pageant "Sweet Land of Liber-Tea" …. 223 – Pioneer Church, Elisabethville ……….. 456i Hawaii-Mormon Temple in ………….. '" 6155 – Preaching Outdoors …. Second Cover, October – School ……………… Second Cover, October Helsingfor. Conference of Youth …………. 961 – Springer, John M. .. ………………. 451. 453 Hepburn, James C. ……………………… 22 – Travel New and Old ………….. 4151, 453, 788 Higgins, Frank ………………………….. 547 – Wives of Chief ……………………….. 454 IllUstration Fifty Years Ago ………… .48 49 – Young …………………………………. 779 Immigrant Boys Learning Bible ……….. : 550 African Boy Reading ……………………. 805 Immigrants at Ellis Island ………………. 149 – Children Learn G'ospel ………………… 828 – – Open-air Meeting ………………….. 553 – Christians …………………………….. 905 – Become Girl Scouts …………………… 550 – – Leaders …………………………….. 780 India-Blind Girls at Ramabai Mission .. 357 – – Teaching Boys from Bible ………….. 8m – Hindu Fakir Over Fire ……………… 273 – ~ Wom~~, .;/ …. :.: … ;; ………………… ~09 – "Holy" Fakirs Parade ……………….. 269 – Doctor s Medlcilles ………………. 195 – Husaniabad Gate, Lucknow ………….. 701 – Labor ……………………………….. 56, 57 – Itineration, Modern …………………… 268 – Languages, John 3: 16 in ……………… 798 – Krishnahai …………………………….. 359 – Mission Church ……………………….. 58 – Lahore Fifty Years Ago …………….. 263 – Native …………………………………. 904 – Magic Square from Koran …………… 702 – Pupils in Training ……………………. 953 – Mappillas, Educated ………………….. 704 – Old Men and Young Boys …………….. 899 – Moslem Leaders' Pupils ………………. 705 – Stockade V!llage ………………………. 817 – Mukti, Grinding Mortar ……………… 360 – Untouched Tribe ………………………. 815 – Ramabai Mission Blind Girls ……….. 357 – Witch Doctor's Test ………………….. 783 – Tamil Methodist Church, Madras …….. 260 – Women at School ………………………. 955 – Woman's College, Madras ……………. 265 – – At the Mill …………………………. 954 Indian Boy at Festival ………………….. 272 – Women Dancing ………………………. 80S – Christian Pre'achers in Conference ….. 274 AI~ska, Church at Council ……………… 125 – Girls Returning from Prayer Meeting .. 266 – – View of ……………………………. 633 – Pilgrims Waiting at "Mother Ganges" .. 271 – Eskimos of Point Barrow …………….. 629 International Missionary Conference, Hague, .Jack/09~3. S'h"e'I'd'o'n'" ……………. .'…….. .'………………………….. 54468 — 1M1';a1r0r0ioa, t aPnoiEnltdeBrar.r.o.w……………………………………… 661321 – M,ushing on the Wh1te Pass Trail …… 121 Japan-Anti-Christian Signboard ……….. 31 – Nome in 1900 …………………………. 123 – Buddbist at Prayer Wheel …………… 29 – Point Barrow Skyline …………………. 612 – Fox Worship ……………………….. :. 28 – Summer Home, Point Barrow ………… 612 – Methodist Girls' School, Tokyo ………. 33 – Sunday-school at Skagway …………… 635 – Street Scene in Yedda …………………. 27 – Travel by Dog Sled in ……………….. 631 Jerusalem-International Missionary Council 420 American Indian-"Parson Matanec" ……. 715 – Indian pelegates. East ………………… 433 – Home, Old and New …………………. 714 – Mati, Bishop of Manchester and Prince of – Presbyterian Churoh Members, Oregon .. 716 lCl';anda ……………………………… 429 Banfield, D. W., in Africa ………………… 799 – Women Delegates ……………………… 663 Brainerd, Davtid, and his Interpreter …… 545 Jones, E. Stanley ………………………. 881 1030

Page Page Stock, Eugene . ……………… …………. 4 Koran, Magic Square from ………………. 702 Student Vohmteer Convention, 192& ……… 100 Krishnahai, One of Ramabai's Brabman – – Movement Convention, 1920 ………… 44 Syria-Jewish Day School Pupils ………. 472 Girls ………………………………… 359 – Reading, Damascus ………………….. 471 Layman's Missionary Movement Dinner, 1910 43 Taylor, J. Hudson …….. ………….. ….. 22 Lindbergh in Mexico ……………………. 180 Thomas, Mrs. Elizabeth Stephen ………… 840 LiVingstone's Body Guard ……………….. 55 Thompson, R. Wardlaw …………………. 4 Loope, Frank Roy ….. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . …. 731 Tibet-Crossing River on Bamboo Rope …. 875 Lowrie, John C. ………………………….. 4 – Mekong River Banks ………………… 873 Mabie, Henry C. …………………………. 4 Turkey-Fire Department ………………18, 19 MacLeod, Roderick A. . ………………….. 871 Magazine Fifty Years Ago ……………….. 47 – Ruler and Divorced Wife …………….. 14 Mexican Evangelist and Family ………… 372 – Transportation of yesterday …………. 16 Mexico-Cbristian Endeavorers ………•….. 373 – Transportation Today ………………… 17 – Lindbergh in ………………………….. 180 Turkish Women of Today ………………. 15 – Market in Mountain Village ………….. 371 – – of Yesterday ………………………. 14 – – Protestant Church Convention, Oaxaco 3,0 United States-Boat, Modern Pioneering …. 529 Missionary, Paralyzed Home . '" …… , …. 731 – Buddhist Temple in California ………. 564 Moffat Preaching in Africa ……………… 64 – Christian Center, California ………….. 621 Mormon Temple in Hawaii …………•…• 655 – Gospels on Fifth Avenue …………….. 877 Mott, John R. .. ………………………… 139 – Founders of Missionary Union in Illinois Mott, John R., at Jerusalem …………….. 959 …………………………………… 486, 487 New Guinea-Baptismal Service ………… 340 – Frontier Church, Wyoming …………… 527 – Missionary Zahn Preaching in ………… 343 – Gospel Cruiser in Puget Sound ……… 529 Papua-Upward Trail …………….Cover, May – Industrial Branch, Y. M. C. A. Lobby …. 365 Papuan Chief, Heathen …………………. 344 – Workers R"ligious Meeting ………. 361, 363 Papuans in Fun Dress …………………. 342 – Jail, Men in ……………………….. 555, 557 Paton, John G. …………………………. 22 – Japanese Christian Church, California Persia-Bishop Linton's House Party ……. 209 – Isfahan from Roof of Palace ………. 211 ………………………..2nd Cover, August – Shah's Mosque at Isfahan ………….. 207 – – Lawyer and Family ………………… 563 Philippines-Christian Association Confer- – – Union Church, Los Angeles ………… 569 – Lee Hong, Chinese Christian Teacher ..• 566 ence …………………………………. 384 – Mexican Congregation, Los Angeles …• 619 Porto Rico-Isabella Evangelical Church .. 197 – Mormon Seminary and Student ………• 653 – Presbyterian Church in San Antonio .• 196 – – University Ward Chapel ……………. 651 – Rural, Evangelical Church in …..•…. 195 – Old and New in Colorado …………… 526 – Tornado Ruins ……………………….. 868 – Oriental Belle ………………………… 565 "Review" Facsimile Cover ……………… 482 – Outdoor Meeting of Jews on Fifth Avenue 879 – of the "Relview", Living …………….. 481 – Rural Community ……………………… 286 Shanghai Missionary Conference in 1877 … 39 Smith, Judson …………………………… 4 – – Negro Church "Manse" …………….. 287 Southern Mountaineer Young People Train- – – Pastor Making RoadS ………………. 285 – Sunday-school Auto-bus ………………. 291 ing for Leadership ………………….. 203 – Where Sunday-school was Organized … 528 Southern Mountaineers and Cabin ……….. 199 Uruguay-Crandon Institute …………….. 295 – – Church and Recreation Building ……. 201 Wherry, Elwood M. .. …………………….. 143 Spain-Fliedner Mission, Madrid ………… 727 Whipple, Bishop …………………………. 546 – Colporteur at Work …………………. 726 Wilder, Robert P. .. …………………….. 141 – El Parvinir, Institution for Higher Edu- Wilson, Jesse R. .. ……………………… 135 Wong. Paul …………………………….. 111 cation ." ……………………………. 725 'World's Sunday School Convention Poster 463, 465 – Gypsy Caves ………………………….. 717 Y. M. C. A. Industrial Religious Basis …. 366 – Preaching place at Santa Amalio ……. 729 YUi, David ……………………………….. 959 – Tour de Constance …………………… 719 Zwemer, Dr., Looking into Afghanistan … 703 Speer, Robert E. . ………………………. 140 Stevenson, W. Fleming …………………. 4 AUTHORS Page Page Ellis. Wm. T. . …………………………… 689 Anderson, Howard E. .. ………………….. 269 Applegarth, Margaret T ………………….. 385 Emrich, Jeannette W …………………….. 967 Badley, Benton T. .. …………………….. 356 Fairfie,ld. Wynn C. .. ……………………… 835 Banfield, A. W. .. ……………………….. 799 Faris, John T …………………….545, 892, 992 Barton, James L. ………………………… 39 Fenn, Courtney Hughes ………………… 740 Beach, Harlan P. .. ………………….. .47, 134 Fleming, Elizabeth C. . ………………….. 313 Bishop, Mary Lathrop …………………… 149 Fraser, Melvin ………………………….. 787 Boulus, Wahby ………………………….. 644 Gale, James S. .. ………………………… 734 Geil, John E. …………………………….. 973 Bowers, Mrs. . ………………. '" ……….. 152 Geil, Mrs. W. E. ……………………….. 71 Brain, Belle M. …………………………. 21 Glover, Robert H. . ……………………… 347 Brown, Arthur Judson …………………. 113 Browning. Webster E ………………… 294, 881 Goodchild, Clara M. .. ………………….. 550 Burton, Henry …………. , …. , …………. 699 Griffis, William Elliott …………………. 27 Grose, Howard B. .. ……………………… 137 Butler, Clementina ………………………..1003 Hanum, Sabihe Zekaria …………………. 636 Cameron, W. A. . ………………………… 642 Higginbottom, Sam …………..2nd Cover, Aprll Carleton, Mary ………………………….. 837 Hinman, George Warren ……………….. 563 Carroll, H. K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Horne, H. H. .. …………………………. 746 Chester, S. H. . ………………………….. 182 Horstmann, J. H …………………………. 717 Christiansen, John ……………………….. 194 Hughes, W. A. C. .. ……………………… 228 Cobb, Margaret B. ………………………. £5 Hume, R. A. .. ………………………….. 275 Conning. John S. …………………………. 74 Inman, S. G'. .. …………………………… 740 Carey, Stephen J. . …………………… 375, 693 Ives, Mrs. Hilda L. …………………….. 488 Cornelison, J. M. .. ……………………… 713 Jabavu, Davidson D. T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 Coy, Sallie E. .. …………………………. 3()15 Jacobs, Alton B. .. ……………………… 466 Culnan, Catherine ……………………….. 576 James, Arthur ………………………….. 195 CUrtis, Helen Pierson …………………… 710 Jordan, Mrs. Edward …………………… 481 Davis, George T. B. .. …………………. 109 King, Harriet R. .. …………… '" .. …. …. 624 Donohugh, Thomas S. .. …………………. 829 King. William R. .. ……………………… 538 Kraushaar, Wm. . …….. , ………………. 341 Duntze, Wilma …………………………… 990 DuPlessis, Johannes …………………….. 773

INDEX

Page Page PalhiII, Arthur T ………………………… 213 Lathrop. Charles N. .. …………………… 555 Price. Samuel D ………………………….. 463 Latourette,. Kenneth Scott ……….•…….. 129 Ram, Augustine Rollo ………………….. 431 Laws. Robert ………………….. : ……….. 949 Rawlinson, Frank ……………………….. 116 Lenz. Frank B……………………………. 957 Richter. JUlius …………………………… 62 Lew. Timothy Tingfang ………………….. 979 Rider. Mrs. Arthur W ……………………. 997 Lewis, Amy G. . …………………………. 311 Riggs. Charles T. . …………………….13. 625 Rindge. Fred Hamilton. . ……………….. 361 Linton. J. H. .. …………………………. 207 Roberts, Anna Agnew ……………………. 67 Lippard, Mrs. C. K. … .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. … 657 Rohold. S. B ……………………………… 983 Livennore. M. A. .. ………………………. 377 Roome, W. J. W. .. ……………………… 819 Lucas, J. J. .. ……………………….. 143. 261 Roots, Logan H. . ……………………….. 212 Lynch, Frederick …………….. , ……….. 907 Rowlands. W. F. . ……………………….. 101 Mackay. John A………………….. '…….. 435 Schaeffer, Charles E. .. …………………… 533 Mackay, R. P ……………………………. 23 Sears. Charles Hatch ……………….. 526, 893 Mackinnon, Albert G. . …………………… 645 Silverthorn, Mrs. E. H. . ……………… 63, 663 MacLeod. Roderick A. .. …………………. 869 Singh, Sadhu Sundar …………………… 367 Margetts. J. H. .. ……………………….. 648 Smith. Edwin W. .. ……………………… 793 Marquis. John A. . ………………………. 517 Smith, Herbert …………………………. 899 Marquis. William S. . ……………………. 479 Somerndike, J. M. .. …………………….. 198 McConaughy, David ……………………… 'r.Jl Speer. Robert E. …………….. 5. 187, 279. 421 McDowell. Wm. F ………………………. 283 Springer. John M. .. …………………. 451. 781 McKenzie. Jean Kenyon ……………….. 52 Staudt. Calvin K. .. ………………………. 988 Miller, Kenneth D. .. ……………………. 613 Stauffer, Milton T. .. ……………………. 438 Mills, Mrs. John H. .. ………………….. 577 Steffan, Vincent J. .. ……………………… 965 Montgomery. A. J. .. ……………………. 629 Stone, Mary B. ………………………….. 69 Montgomery, Helen Barrett ……………… 741 Stowell, Jay S. . ……………………….. 284 Mott. John R ……………………………… 963 Swain, Anna Canada …………………….. 219 MoyseI', Wm. . …………………………… 357 Taylor, N. W ……………………………. 370 Myers, Harry S. .. ……………………….. 204 Thompson, Charles A. . ………•……… 392. 619 Naylor, Wilson S. ……………………….. 53 Tucker, J. T. .. ………………………….. 815 Newcomer. Mary L. Tressler ………….. 394 Wannan, Lizzie M. …………………….. 68 Newman. Elias .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . … 471 White, Charles L. .. ……………………… 559 Nicholson. Evelyn Riley ……………….583, 837 Wilder, George A. . ………………………. 789 North, Eric M. ..:……………………….. 12 Wilkinson, Elizabeth …………………….. 807 Ogg, E. Jessie …………………………… 581 Wilson, Jesse R. ………………………… 885 Oyler. Mrs. D. S. .. ………………………. 460 Wilson. Warren H ……………………….. 571 Paden. Wm. M. . ………….. , ………….. 650 Wolf. John N. .. ………………………… 877 Pettengill, Mrs. Clara Alden . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 278 Young, Colin G…………………………… 637 Pierson. A. T …………………………….. 618 Zwemer, Samuel M. . …………………….. 701 Pierson, Delavan L., Editorials Pierson. Farrand B. .. …………………… 121 ARTICLES AND NEWS Page Page Abyssinia-Doors Opened in ……………… 490 Africa, Pray for ……………………….. 834 – Modern Paul in ……………………….. 843 – Work for Jews in ……………………… 240 – Second Generation Problems ………….. 241 Abyssinian Boy Preachers ……………….. 672 – Sierra Leone Slaves Freed …………… 166 – Welcome to MiSSionaries ……………… 1013 – Slavery in North ……………………… 330 Afghan Girl's School ……………………. 675 – Slessor, Mary. Hospital ………………. 492 – Women. Freedom for ………………… 9-34 – Soul Winners in Kamerun ……………. 404 Afghanistan. Modern Schools in ………… 88 – Spiritual Self-Support, J. T. Tucker …. 815 – Opening Wedge in …………………….1017 – Subdivided ……………………………. 844 Africa and the Kingdom of God ………. 834 – Tanganyika Mission Schools ………….. 331 – Baptist Congo Jubilee …………………. 757 – Training Teacher-Evangelists ………… 167 – Basutoland, Enlightenment in ………… 241 – Uganda Church Growth ……………….. 757 – Blind She,ikhs, School for …………..• 4()3 – – Zulu Home Makers ………………… 673 – Blood Covenant. Christian ……………. 757 – United Service in Khartoum ………… 843 – Books Recommended on ………………. 861 – Unpossessed Territory ………………… 845 – Bridgman Memorial Hospital ………….. 595 – Versatile Missionary in ………………. 167 – Cannibals. Work among Former ………. 240 – Villagers Won at Last …………………. 239 – Centenary Among Kafllra ………..•….. 845 – Waits, W. J. W. Roome ……………… 819 – Christian Endeavor in South ………… 932 – Colored Missionaries for …………….. 9.33 – Wealth in Central" John M. Springer '" 451 – Congo Bible Woman ………………….. 241 – Wireless from ………………………… 844 – Currie Institute ………………………. 330 – Witch Doctor, Confuting the …………… 491 – Facts About ……………………….. 832, 833 – Woman's "Bounding Heart" ………….. 405 – Fifty-three Years in, Robert L.aws ……. 949 – Women Work for Church …………….. 845 – Fifty Years Ago and Now. Wilson S. African Chief's Conversion …………….. 844 – Church Controls Budget ………………. 240 Naylor ……………………………… :;3 – Conference, South ……………………. 673 – EVangelist, Successful …………………. 404 – G'irl-Wives Kept in School ………….. 404 – Fears …………………………………. 595 – Girl's Guild ………………………….. 933 – "Harris Christian" ……………………. 804 – Giving Bible to, S. W. Banfield ………. 799 – Hindrances to Christianity, George S. – King's Son a Pastor……………….. … 84 – Leaders, Training ……………………… 166 Wilder ……………………………… 789 – Mentality, on the Edge of. Herbert Smith 899 – Missions Unite ……………………….. 84 – "House of Free Speech" …………….. 165 – Old People Converted …………………. 331 – Inter-Racial Councils …………………. 846 – Proverbs …………………………… .482 544 – – Student Contacts …………………… 405 – Raw R€cruits Listen ………………… : 781 – JunglB School of the Prophets ……….. 490 – View of Jerusalem Council. Davidson D. – Mahdists Ask to Hear of Jesus ……. 756 – "Many Tongues" ……………………… 593 T. Jabavu ………………………….. 428 – Medical Coo])eration In ……………….. 490 – Women in New Day. Elizabeth M. Wil- – Methodist Progress in …………………. 931 kinson ………………………………. 807 – Mission Schools Like Minarets ……….. 672 – Word for God, Melvin Fraser ………… 787 – Moslems in South ……………………… 167 Africans Plan Home Missions ………….. 594 – Native Rites an Obstacle …………….. 673 – Prayer for White Men …………………. 84 – – Leadership For. Jolln E, Geil ..•…… 97a – Soul. Exploring the, Edwin W. Smitll '" 793

Page Page Africans Worth Saving, John M. Springer .. 781 Brazil, Open Door in …•…. , ……….•…. 685 A'frica's Progress, Milestones in, Johannes – Student Volunteers in ………………… 236 – Walks Twenty Miles for a Sermon ….. 327 DuPlessis …………………………… 773 Brazilia'n Blind Bible Reader …………… 755 . Alaska-Forty Years at, Anvik ………….. 325 – Store, Sermon in ……………………… 81 – Women, Federation of ……………….. 236 – Lost in …………………………………1010 Bridgman Memorial Hospital, Africa ……. 595 – Missionary Heroism in, John T. Faris … 992 British Church Dispute …………………. 144 – Missionary Stores in …………………. 79 – and Foreign Bible SOCiety RJeports, 19,27 77 – Mushing Parson of, Farrand B. Pierson 12.1 ~ in India Mission ……………………… 88 – Romance and Reality in, A. J. Mont- – Methodist Union ……………………… 930 Budapest, World Problems in, Wilma Duntze 990 gomery ……………………………… 629 Buddhism, Russia to Try ……………….. 238 Buddhist Imitation of Christian Hymn ….. 376 All-Russian Evangelical Union ………….. 859 – Missions to Ex-Slaves in Burma ……. 89 America-Church Growth, H. K. Carroll .. 35 – Frontier Movement in, Charles Hatch – Temple in London …………………….. 402 – Unity ………………………………….. 601 Sears ……………………………….. 526 Bulgaria-Temperance Day in ………….. 505 ~ Is Christianity Making Headway in, John Bulgarian Girls, Patriotic ……………….. 670 Burma, Centennial in …………………… 496 A. Marquis …………………………. 517 Cairo University Success …………………. 1013 Calendar and Church ……………………. 764 – Orientals in, George Warren Hinman … 563 – New …………………………………… 941 American-Born Japanese Problems …….. 588 Canada as a Mission Field, Calvin G. young 637 – European Fellowship …………………. 670 – Christianity or Bolshevism ……….. ,. 928 – Immigrants, Facts on …………………. 379 …….. Home Missions of Presbyterian Church, American Indian Chief's Appeal ………….. 502 W. A. Cameron ……………………. 642 – Crooked Neck Charlie, Harriet R. King 624 Canadian Church, Women in the ………. 326 – On the Nickel ………………………… 79 – Home Missions ……………………….. 753 – "One Star" Follows J'esus ………….. 753 Carey's Influence Continues, Alton B. Jacobs 466 – Progress and Needs …………………… 25,2 Ceylon-Jail Preaching in ………………. 3~9 – School in Arizona ……………………. 162 Charities, Federation of Protestants …… 856 – Schools, Religious Work for …………. 841 Charity Fed",ration Protestant ………….. 78 – Speaks, Catherine Culnan ……………. 576 Children's Rally, Suggestions for ………. 153 – Youth, Problems of …………………… 683 Chile-Christian Education in ………….. 236 – Gift ………………………2nd Cover, Feb. – New Attitude in ……………………… 504 – In Oklahoma, Hold Meeting ………….. 79 – Protestant Teachers in ……………… 327 – Testimony .. , ………………………….. 570 Chilean Sunday Schools …………………. 754 – Unchristianized ……………………….. 857 China and Missionaries, New, C. H. Fenn 736 – Baptisms Among Lahu ……………….. 678 – Yesterday and Today, J. M. Cornelison 713 – Bible House in Peking ……………….. 319 American Mission to Lepers …………….. 400 – Bibles on Bookshelves ………………… 937 – Tract Society ………………………… 587 – Boxer Times, Comparison with ………. 157 – University at Cairo …………………… 491 – Call for Patience with, Logan H. Roots 212 – Wealth ……………………………….. 379 – Chang, Speech by …………………….. 320 Americas, Sinking the, Charles A. Thomson 619 – Child Labor in Tientsin ………………. 937 Arab Boys, Christ Influences ., …………… 760 – Christian Endeavor in ………………. 32(} Arabia D. V. B. S. in …………………… 493 – Evangelistic Work in …………………. 760 – Christians in Hunan Loyal …………… 850 – Gospels in ……………………. , …….. 934 – Church of Christ in …………………… 89 – Letter from King Hussain …………… 692, – CC}operation Fellowship in ……………. 116 Argentina, Luther's Day in …………….. 236 – E<cIucation, Higher …………………… 850 – Problem ………………………………..1011 – E'nomies Friends in Disguise ………… 677 Argentine River Mission …………………. 591 Armenian "N. E. R. Graduates" ……….. 3B2 – Ieactory Girls, Work for Chefoo ……….. 90 Armenians in France ……………………..1012 – Famine in Korth ………………….. Hi8, 400 Areas Unclaimed for Christ, Robert E. Speer – }<'eng, Case of Marshal ………………. 383 – Foes in Annam ……………………….. 600 ., …………………………………. 187, 279 – Harvard-Yenching Institute ………….. 937 – Koo, T. Z., Lette,r from ……………….. 157 Asia Unevangelized, Central ……………. 321 – Ku Carries On, Archdeacon, Arthur T. Atheistic Propaganda …………………… 475 Attacking the Church, Forces, C. E. Schaeffer 533 Polhill ……………………………… 213 Austrian Martyr …………………………. 403 – Leadership, Developing Lay ………….• 678 Australia-Medical Service by Aeroplane '" 323 – Liberty, Demand for Religious ……… 762 Australian Methodist Mission …………… 1()22 ' – Lollal Christians in Hunan ………….. 8150 – Lutheran Church in …………………… 679 Babylon, A Visit to, S. B. Rohold ………. 983 – – Returning Welcomed ……………. 246, 599 Baghdad, Preaching in, Calvin K. Staudt … 988 – Moslems, Friends ()of …………………… 938 Baldwin, Stanley, on the Bible ………….. 806 – Kanking Agreement …………………… 382 Beecher, Henry Ward, on Missions ……… 10 – – Professors Invited Back …………… 157 Beirut University Graduates …………….. 847 – Ning,po Christian Women Loyal ……… 320 Belgian Gospel Mission in Ghent ………… 164 – Presbyterian Missions' Status ………… 410 Belgium. "Petrified Souls" in ……………. 504 – Reconstructing, Editorial ………………. 995 – Schoolboys in Canton ……………….. 600 Bible, Baldwin, Stanley, on the ………… Soo – Signs of Spiritual Revival, George T. B. – Conquers Foes in BOlivia ……………… 163 Davis ……………………………….. 109 – For Filipinos ………………………….. 853 – in Bible Lands ……………………….. 933 – Street Preaching in Chefoo …………… 158 – Jubilee in Brazil ……………………… 300 – Women Theological Students ………… 497 – Lands Sunday Schools ……………….. 758 – Yale-in-China to Reopen ……………… 763 – Lovers, Non-Christian …………………. 168 – Yunnanese Ask for Teaching ………… 247 – Opened Door ………………………….. 235 Chinese Away from Home ………………. 851 – Reading in Public Schools …………… 324 – Christian in Burma …………………… 761 – Society's Output …………………….. ..W23 – – General ……………………………… 1019 – Teaching in the Sudan ………………. 491 – – Slogans ……………………………… 246 – Translation and CirCUlation, Fifty Years – – Woman's Testimony ……………….. 409 – Christians. Loyalty of …………..112, 351, 656 " of, Eric M. North …………………… 12 – Church Autonomy ………………… 408, 677 Bible's for Aviators ……………………… 587 – – Government …………………………. 497 – – Oriental Travelers …………………. 680 – – Women in ………………………….. 247 – in Bible Lands, Selling ………………. 168 – – Korean Hotels ……………………… 250 – – Carry On, Can the, W. F Rorwlands … 101 Blind in Hungary ….. ; ………………….. 505 – Church's Opportunity …………………. 76& Bolivia-Bible Conquers Foes in ………. 163 Bolshevism or Christianity? …………….. 928 Brazil-"Best SelJer" ……………………. 503 – Conference Center for …………………. 81 – Convert, Woman ……………………… 929 – Good Friday in ……………………….. 4D1 – Gospel Tide in ………………….. ; ….. 163

INDEX

Page Page Chinese Communist Literary "Tricks" …… 91 Deaths-Griffis, Wm. Elliot ….3d Cover, Marcb – l!lyes, Looking Through, Timothy Ting- – Hartzell, Joseph C. •…………………… 771 – Haven, Wm. 1. ……………………….. 515 fang Lew ……………………………. 979 – Hayes, James •………………………… 515 – Famine Relief …………………….. : …. 851 – Hendrix, E. R ……………….3d Cover, Jan. – Girl's Message to America, Mary Carleton 837 – Hobart, Mrs. Wm. T ….•..•………….•.. 515 – in Korea, Thousands of ………………. 160 – Hurst, Mrs. Richard ………………….. 338 – Methodist Convention …………………. 90 – Moslems Won ………………………… 600 – .Janvier, C. A. R., of India …………….1024 – Preacher's Testimony …………………. 247 – Klein, Fred C……………3d Cover January – "Reading Public" ……………………… 320 – Kriel, Abrabam P ………………….•… 941 – Student Honesty ………………………. 90 – Liley, Arthur V……………………….. 691 – – Viewpoint ………………………… 409,599 – McDowell, Mrs. Margaret Dean 3d Cover Jan. – Testaments, Distributing ……………… 678 – Moffat, Jane …..•……… , .•………….. 171 – Universities, New ……………………… 763 – Motoda, Joseph S……………………… 417 – Worship ……………………………….. 321 – Mukerjec, Mrs. H. L ……… 3d Cover, March – Patterson, .J. M., of St. Louis …………. 1024 – Women in America ……………………. 857 – Pierson, Farrand B. . …•…•…•…….•.. 417 – – Loyalty ………….. , ……………….. 677 – Richards, Edwin Hart ……..3d Cover, April Christ the Sin-Bearer, Arthur T. Pierson … 618 – Richards, Joseph Addison ……….••….. 771 – Was a Missionary. … …… … …………. 1 – Scudder, Mrs. Wm. W. . ………………. 338 Christian Endeavor Conventions …….•…•. 501 – Seymour, Walter F. . …………………. 417 – Sheppard, Wm. H. . ……………………. 171 – – in China ……………………………. 320 – Stock, Eugene …………………………. 741 – – – South Africa …………………….. 932 – Stone, Ellen M………….3d Cover, January Christian Endeavorers' Communion Service. 83 – Talbot, Ethelbert ………….3d Cover, April Christian Message to All Men ……………. 443 – Thomas, Frank, of Switzerland ……….. 1024 Church and Calendar ……………………. 764 – Tillotson, Emily C. . …………………… 515 – Architecture …………………………… 394 – Trotter, 1. Lilias ………….••………… 941 – Competition or Cooperation ……………. 216 – White, Mrs. Charles ………………..•… 691 – in the World, William F. McDowell …..• 283 – Wilson, Luther B. . ……………………. 515 – Membe,rship Gains …………………….. 682 Denominational Missions, a Union Fifty – Missionary Society Report …………….. 591 Churches, Half Century of Growth in Mis- Years Ago …………………………… 38 Divorce, Growth in ………………………. 380 sion, Arthur Judson Brown ………… 113 Dolls to America, Japan Sends ………….. 91 City Trend, Present-Day, Charles Hatch Drug Evil .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. 380 Eastern Church Progress ………………… 846 Sears …… : ………………………… , 893 Ecuador Bans Only Priests ……………… 327 Colombia, Bible Opened Door ……………. 235 – Religious Law in ……………………… 81 – Church Progress in …………………… 685 Education, Expert Missionary ……………. 501 – Evangelist in ………………………….1011 – Training Leaders for ………………….. 81 – – Fifty Y6'ars Ago and Today, Mission- Comparisons of Then and Now, Robert E. ary, Harlan P. Beach ……………… 47 Speier …………………………•… 5 – Home Missionary, E. Jessie Ogg ……… 581 "Completing the lteformatlon" …………•.. 682 – in Turkey, Western …………………… 85 Conference, Jerusalem …………………… 77 – Today, Missionary …………………•…. 743 Egypt, American University at Cairo ..•… 491 – of New Missionaries ………………….. 682 – America's Greatest Contribution to Wahby – on Cause and Cure of War, Third Amy Boulus ……………………………… 614 G. Lewis …………………….. : ……. 311 – Cairo University Students …………….. 166 – – MisSions, Congo …………………….. 932 – Colportage by Automobile ……………… 329 – Pan-Pacific Women's ………………….. 854 – Schools in Modern ………………..•…. 239 Congo Christ!an Institute ………………… 933 – Sunday-Scbool Methods ……………….. 594 – Christians, Faithful …………………… 491 – Unreacbed Territory in ………..•…•…. 239 – Conference on Missions ……………….. 932 – Y. M. C. A. Success in ……..•…•……. 672 – University for the …………………….. 933 Egyptian Convert's Trials ……………….. 329 Congoland, Medical Training in …………. 595 – Moslems, EvangeliZing ……………..•… 83 England, Livingstone House in London …. 504 Coope:rion'l ip Home ,Missions, Rising Tide – "Mayflower" Voyage, Modern •••………. 402 • WI ham R. Kmg ………………..• 538 English Government and Missions ………. 84 Eskimo Community, Christian ………….. 589 – MiSsionary, Growth of, James L. Barton.. 39 Esthonia, Preaching in Prisons ………….. 402 – or Competiti(>u, Church ……………….. 216 Europe, American Methodists in ………… 164 Cooperatire F'eliowship in China, Frank – H'ebrew Christians in …………………. 82 – Religious Condition …………………… 859 Raw mson ………………………….. 116 Evangelical Social Congress ……………… 930 Costa Rica-Cannot Keep a Bible ………… 235 Evangelism, Value of Outdoor, John N. – – Gambling at Cburcb Feasts ………… 591 Costa Rican Carpenter ………………….. 80 Wolf ………………………………… 877 Council of Women for Home MiSSions, An- • Evangelist and His Work, Jean K. McKenzie 52 nual Meeting ……………………….. 314 Farmers of World ……………………….. 171 Creed, Missionary ……………………….. 133 Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Crooked Neck Charlie, Harriet R. King ….. 624 Cross~oads lChurch at the Crossroads, Jay S. Missions Annual Meeting …………73,231 Feng, Apostasy of Marshal •………….. 246, 383 towel ……………………………… 284 Feng Yu Hsiang of China …………………1()19 Cuban Children in Florida ……………… 325 Fifty Years Ago, Denominational Missions, gurr~e lnstit.ute, Record of ……………… 330 a Union …………………………….. 38 zec as ovak,a, Students …………………. 83 Cz~choslovakian Protestants …………….. 328 Fiji, Educational Center in ……………… 323 Duly Va.cation Bible School in Arabia …… 493 – Islands-Wanted: A Word of Faitb ….. 412 – – SyrIa and Palestine ………………… 86 Filipino Children, Faith of ………………. 160 Damascus, OPposition in ………………… 383 – Christian Literature ……………….•… 752 Day of Prayer, Chicago …………………. 399 – Church, Future ……………………….. 323 Death, Cause of ………………………….. 380 – Lepers Generous ………………………. 752 DeathS-Baker, Cbarles H. ………………. 171 – Progress, Signs of …………………….. 412 – Beebe, Robert Case ……………………. 338 – Students, Advice to …………………… 250 – Calvert, John B., ………… 3d Cover March – – Need of …………………………….. 681 – Cooper, Mrs. Alvin W ……3d Cover, January – Sunday-School Teachers Trained ………. ~2 – Crat.ty, Mabel ……… 3d Cover, April and 395 Tribe, Reaching a. New ………………….. 500 – DaVIson, John C., of Japan ……………1024 – Youth Movement ……………………….. 93 – Drummond, Mrs. Wm. J. . …………….. 515 Filipinos, Bible for ………..•…….•…….. 853 – Fife, Elmer El. ……………………….. 515 – in United States ………………………. 162 – Ford, George A. . ………………………. 515 – Offering, Two ………………………….. 681 – Gairdner, W. H. T …………………….. 515 – Gammon, Samuel R., of Brazil ………. 1024 – Gilbert, Florence Anderson ……………. 771 – Gilder, Mrs. Louise B. . ……………….. 015

. hp Page Forces Attacking the Church, Charles E. India Christian Forces in Bengal ……….. 848 , Schaeffer ……………………………. 533 – Church, New ………………………….. 847 Foreign Missions Examined ……………… 147 – C(}lJege Graduates Influential …………. 318 France, Evangelical Work in ……………. 328 – Conscience Clause in …………………. 494 – Jews in Paris, Preaching to ………….. 756 – Converts, Strengthening ……………….. 597 – Paris Mission …………………………. 5W – Educated Wife Demanded ……………… 936 French Churches in Need ……………….. 755 – Fifty Years of Missions in, J. J. Lucas .. 261 – Testament, Nsw ……………………….. 82 – Gandhi's Views on "Mother India" ….. , 87 Friendship Dolls in Japan ………………. 939 – Gospel Story Charms Brahmins ………. 761 – "School Bag" Plan …………………… 503 – Gospels in Kedgaon, Selling ………….. 848 Friendships for National Defense, Build …. 667 – HinduislID, Conversions to ……………… 935 Gandhi and Indian Women ……………….1017 – Hold-Up to Demand GoSP€l .. ………….. 87 Gandhi, Mahatma, Visit to, Sam Higgin- – Honesty of Outcaste Christian ………… 494 bottom …………………..2d Cover, April – How We Train 30,000 Converts, M. A.

German Bibles Forbidden in Tyrol ……… 237 Livermore …………………………. – 377 – Church Life Today ……………………. 592 – Islam Militant in ……………………… 598 – Mission Growth ………………………. 328 – .T(}nes, Stanley, in Malaya ……………. 170 – – ProgTess ……………………………..1012 – Languages of ………………………….. 1018 – Protestant Missions in 1877 and 1927, – Layman's Work in ……………………. 598 Julius Richter ……………………… 62 – Loud Speaker Used ……………………. 598 – Schools, Christianity in ……………….. 931 – Lutheran Unity ……………………….. 761 – Sunday-Schools ……………… ……….. 82 – MappiJIas of Malabar, Samuel M. Zwemer 701 Germany, Christianity in Schools ……….. 931 – Moslems Read Bible ………………….. 244 – Evangelical Alliance in ……………….. 165 – "M(}vies" in …………………………… 935 Gifts from Mission Church ………………. 588 – "Near Slavery" ……………………….. 675 – to Missions, Increased …………………. 587 – Outcaste Though Educated ……………. 317 – – Others, Children's ………………….. 683 – Over 1,000 Chamars Baptized ………….. 317 Giving-Argument With Myself ………….. 691 – Pilgrims, Work Among Benares ………. 848 – Spurgeon, C. H., on ………. 2d Cover, June – Prohibition League ……………………. 495 G'ood Samaritan in the Missionary SOCiety, – Religion in Bombay University ………. 935 Parable of the ……………………… 912 – Rudder of Asia, Benton T. Badley …….. 355 Goodwill Congress, International ………… 927 – Scholar's Tribute to Jesus ……………. 244 Greece, Athens' College Growth ………….. 238 – Unite to' Win Benares Pilgrims ……….. 676 – Glimpses of Modern, Charles T. Riggs .. 6?5 – "Victory to Jesus Christ" ……………. 847 – Protestant Church in …………………. 402 – "Village of the New Day" ……………. 407 – Y. M. C. A. in ……………………….. 165 – Voices from Olivet Calling, Augustine Greek Church, New Movement in ……….. 593 Rolla Ram . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 431 Gnatemala, Christian Homes in ………….. 503 – Wanless Sanatarium ………………….. 407 Guatemalan Preacher's Peril ……………… 685 – Wherry, E. M., J. J. Lucas ……………. 143 – Youth, Training ………………………. 858 – Woman Leads in T'emple Reform …….. 244 Haitian Isle, King of a …………………… 1010 – Women's Conference in Lahore ………. 675 Hartzell Hospital, Kru Coast ……………..1014 – 'Vorkers Confer, District ……………… 761 Harvard, Yenching Institute …………….. 937 – 'Vorld's Student Christian Federation Hawaii, Y. W. C. A. Service in Honolulu …. 681 Conference ………………………….. 936 Hawaiian EVangelical Association Centennial 940 Indian Boys' Self-Government …………… 245 Hebrew Christian Alliance ………………..1009 – Christian Patriotism ………………….. 317 Hindu Association in New York ………….. 753 – Mass Movement, South ……………….. 676 – Exalts Christian Ideals ……………….. 49!i – Missions, Results of ……………………1008 – Festival, at the Holiest, Howard E. An- – Moslems, Bibles for South ……………. 245 derson ………………………………. 269 – "Musical Sermon" ……………………. 170 Hinduism. Conversions to ……………….. 935 – Outcastes and tbe Church ……………… 1018 – Fifty Years Hence …………………….. 87 – Pastor's Problems …………………….. 598 History-Forty-Eight Years Ago, Mary L. – Village Transformed ……………….. 169, 4m Tressler Newcomer …………………. 394 – Women in Conference ……………….. 494 History in the Making, Missionary ……… . Indians and the Gospel ……………………1009 "Hob~~~:;'''H~t~i' f~'~':::::::: :~~'..~~~,..~:5,.. ~~:'. 7~ India's Debt to Missionaries ……………… 317 Home Mission Meeting, Interdenominational 927 Indo-Chines" Village …………………….. 248 – – Problems Unsolved, Charleq L. White.. 559 Industrial Training in Papua ……………. 324 – – Task, Unfinished, Warren H. Wilson .. 571 – Workers and the Y. M. C. A., Fred – Misoions. Africans Plan ………………. 094 Hamilton Rindge …………………… 361 – – Best Books on ………………………. 603 International Christian Endeavor Convention 501 – – Conference ………………………….. 218 – Missionary Council at Jerusalem ………

– – Council in Tennessee ………………. 400 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … . … . … .. … June Review International Mis~ionarv Council on Mount – – Councils, New ………………………. 854 – – in America ………………………… July of Olives, Robert E. Speer ………….. 491 – Relations ………………………………. 667 – – Moving Pictures of, John T. Faris …. 545 Iraa.-Boys' Brotherhood, Baghdad ………. 330. – – Present-Day Challenge ……………… 525 – – Real Task of ………………………. 585 – Christian Books in ……………………. 493 – – Some Outstanding Results ………….. 524 – Corporteur's Work in …………………. 243 – r,riendly Villa)!;e~s }n………………….. 406 J-Tudson, Ellis H. .. ………………………. 492 Hune-ary, Blind in ………………………. 5il5 – Many AdversarIes Ill ……………….. 597 – "Church Concord" In …………………. 671 – J'ew Station in ……………………….. 86 Hymn, Missionary, Henry Burton ……….. 699 Ireland, Reformation in …………………. 237 Immigrant-Asset or Liability, Clara M. Is Your Name Written There? Evelyn Riley m Goodchild …………………………… 550 N~~= ……………………………

India-Banks in Punjab. Methodist ………. 936 Islam and Mustapha Kemal …………….. 167 – in Inaia Militant ……………………… 59~ – Barriers in, Bannu Giving Way ………. 245 – Boy Starts a Church in Assam ………. 495 – To Modernize …………………………..10I6 – Boys in Bombay Hostel ……………….. 496 Tt"'ian ('atholies, Bible Reading for ……… 1012 – Brahmin Aids Gospel Meeting ………… 169 Italy, Evan"elical Christianity in Albert – – Christian's Witneos ………………. , .. 31~ G. Mackinnon …………….. .'………. 645 – Hritich Mission in ………………….. 88, 1017 Japan-Book, Value of a One-Sen ………… 679 – By-Products of Christianity ………….. 494 – Christian Wedding Enough ……………. 320.

– Carey's Influenc" Continues, Alton B. – Christians in Government SchOOls …….• 6Il1 Jacobs ………………………………. 466 – Cross in Kagashima …………………… 700 – Caste in Present-Day …………………. 760 – Doshisha R€lVival ……………………… 249 – Child Mothers ………………………… 67!i – Dry Mikado …………………………… 938 – Chinese Christian in Burma ………….. 761 – Fears, America That ………………….. 248

INDEX

Page Page Japan., Forty Years, Looking Back Over, Mrs. Korea., Underwood, H. 0'., Statue of 751 . Frederick S. Curtis ………………… 710 – Friendship Dolls in …………………… 939 – Yi Sang-Jai of, James S. Gale ……… 734 – G·ospel in Print ……………………….. 750 – Joseph's Message for …………………. 750 Korean Audience, Unusual ………………. 751 – Kanamori's Campaign ………………… 91 – Kobe College Symphony ………………. 751 – Christian Villagers …………………… 411 – New Union Seminary in ……………… 158 – Newsp,;per H~nors. Missionaries ………. 2~8 – "Church Rice Bags" ………………….. 680 – Nurses TraInIng In ………………….. 3.:2 — "One Million Souls" Movement ……….. 939 – Churches on Border …………………. 250 – One-Sheep Association ………………… 346 – Policies in, New ……………………….. 381 – Colporteurs, Methods of ……………….. 159 – Press, Power of ……………………….. 939 – Prohibition Gains in …………………. 499 – Evangelistic Campaign ………………… 602 – Sends Dolls to America ………………. 91 – Service, Types of …………….'. …….. 410 – Fasting Societies ……………………. 680 – Social Interest ……………………….. 852 – Spiritual Hunger in …………………… 321 – Gives Store …………………………… 602 – Superstition in ………………………… 92 – Hotels, Bibles in ……………………… 250 – Then and Now, View of Wm. Elliott Griffis 27 – Wanted to Hear About Jesus ………….. 85i – Leaders in Train ing ………………….. 322 – Y. W. C. A. Building in Tokyo ………… 249 Japanese Americanization ……………….. 49'8 – Leper Doubly Cleansed ………………… 680 – Barber Shop, In a ……………………. 6,9 – Business Girls, Training …………….. 92 – :-.ien's Bible Class …………………….. 500 – Christian, "Steady" ……………………. 411 – Church, Successful, Stephen J. Carey … 375 – Revival …………………………………1020 – Colleges, Prohibition in ……………….. 1:>8 – Converted After Years ……………….. 159 Koreans Hefuse Inererase of Pay …………. 93 – Leper Hospitals ………………………. 853 Ku Carrie's On, Archdeacon, Arthur T. Polhill 213 – Ministers, Training …………………… 92 Kusaie. Reinforcements for …………….. 2riO – Papers, Morals in …………….. '" …. 498 – Pastor's Schedule …………………….. 498 La.tin America in World Program ………… 754 – Prayer, Test of ……………………….. 4'it – Problems, American-Born …………….. 588 – – Lack Houses, Not Hearers ………… 234 – Sunday-school Delegates ………………. 600 – Widow's Gift ………. , ………………. 601 – – Meaning to, John A. Mackay ……… 435 – Women in Politics …………………… 6,9 Japan's New World Outlook ……………. 248 – – Notable Conquests, Webstor E. Brown- Java, Ahmadiya Missions in …………… 762 ing ………………………………….. 294 Jerusalem, Christians of Many Nations at, – – Orientals in ………………………… 80 Robert E. Speer ……………………. 421 – Conference, Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn ….. 6fj3 – – Spanish Evangelical Books ………… 589 – – Returning from, Mrs. Evelyn Riley – Lands, Protestantism in, Kenneth D. Nicholson …………………………. " 583 – Conferring at ………………………….. 301 Miller ………………………………. 613 – Council Meeting ""uggets ………….. 436, 470 Latvia-Interracial Y. W. C. A. in ………. 671 – – Significance of …………………….. 473 Lausanne Conference, Follow Up ……….. 507 – From a Delegate's ""ote Book, :-.iilton T. Stauffer ………………………….. 438 Law Enforcen1ent, A'merica's E-xample in, Mrs. W. E. Geil …………………….. 71 – Y. M. C. A …………………………….. 1016 Jewish Christians in Europe …………….. 82 Laws, Robe,rt, Leaves Livingstonia …….. 458 – Organization, Palestine …… , … '" …… 596 – Words for Jews, ………………………. . Laymen and Evangelism ………………… 148 Jews and the New Testament ………….. 399 Leadership, Essentials of, H. H. Harne …. 746 .- And Jesus ………………………………1023 – Babylon and Its, S. B. Rohold ………… 979 Leper Boy's "Jewel Inside" ……………… 602 – Christ-Believing ………………………. 5!'8 – Church and the ……………………… 302 – Conference in New York ………………. 927 – Gospel for Boston …………………… 501 – in Abyssinia, Work for ………………. 24n – Doubly Cleansed ………………………. 680 – – Cairo, Preaching to ……………….. 'j~6 – HOEPitals, Japanese …………………… 853 – – Damascus ……………………………. 1016 – Our Attitude Toward, John S. Conning.. 74 Lepers, American Mission to ……………. 400 Judaism, Broadcasting ……………………. 1008 Jones, Stanley, in Malaya ………………. 170 – Generous, Flilipino ….. , .. '" ., ……….. 75-2 – – – South America, We,bster E. Drowning 881 – With Shining Faces …………………. 409 Juniors, Methods For, Mrs. Arthur. W Rider 997 Kagawa, Toyohiko ………………………. 747 Liberian Christians in Office …………… 595 Karnerun-Soul Winners in ………………. 4{l4 – Hinterland …………………………….. 330 Kanarnori's Campaign …………………… 91 Lighthcuse KeeperR, Dooks for ………….. 592 Kawai, Michi, of Japan …………………. 249 Kemal, Mustapha, and Islam ………… 16, Literature for Children …………………… 1003 Knowing God and Knowing Self, Sadhu Sun- Literature, Persian ChriPtian …………… 847 dar Singh ………………………….. 367 Livingstone HouHe in London …………… 004 Korea, Awakening in …………………… 381 – Memorial in Scotland …. .. ……….. 327 – Band Draws Crowd …………………… 322 – Chinese in ……………………………..1021 Livingstone's Life, Scenes from ……….. , 755 – Christian Literature in ………………… 323 – Evangelizing Chinese in ………………. 499 London Missionary Society, Not to Curtail – Leaders in Rural Life …………………. 411 – "Long Thankful Years" in …………… 9~ Work ….. .. …………. 164 – Medical Missions ……………………… 853 – Methodist Union in …………………… 499 Looking Toward the Future, Kenneth Scott – Pioneer's Son Sees Results ………….. 159 – Street Preaching in Syenchun ………… 751 Latourette ……….. 1'9 – Temperance Lecture Wins Prize ………. 852 – Thousands of Chinese in …………….. 160 Loope, Frank Roy, David McConaughy ….. 731 Lord's Prayer in Kopapiago ……………. 462 Luxu rics, Cost of ……………. 37~ ~Iacedonia-WeHare Work ………… 593 Malave ian Pastor's Institute … 319 Manc'bu Ribles Wanted 409 Manila, Vacation Bible School ……………. 1022 Mapillas of Malebar. Samuel M. Zwcmer 701 I<Mayfto,ver" Voyag'e, :Modern ……….. 402 Mecra Road. Tp.,lfDhones on 168 Medical Cooperation in Africa … ….. … 490 – Mif1:o:ionary J>. ~so' iation …. ….. … 591 – Mis:-,·ions in Kor(:-'a 853 – Needs of the World …… , …. 506 – Service by Aercplane …….. '" ~":i Membership Gains. Church …… , …. 682 lfessages from Other L,ands 395 :-.iethodist Home Rule Abroad ……….. ,,88 – Jubilee, Southern ~?5 – Liverpool Conference …. " …1011 – Progress in P frica . . " ……. 9~n – Protestant Consolidation …. 'j.~~ lI~thodists in Europe, American ……… , .. 164 Methods, Africa, How to Study, Thomas S. Donohugh …………………………… 829 – Announcements Extraordinary …………. 916 – Children's Missionary Rallies-Why and How? Mrs. John H. Mill ………….. 577 – Delegates, Intelligent …………………. 913 – Education in the Local Church, Mission- ary, Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn ………. 63 – in Local Church, Missionary, Mrs. Bowers 152 – for Children, Missionary, Margaret. T.

Applegarth ………………………….. 385 – – G·irls, Young, Old and Older, Anna Canada Swain ……………………… 219

103'1

Page Page Methods, "From One Board to Another" …. 912> N ear East Relief Boys Good Workers 59& -, GirJs, Missionaries, Prayer ……………. 913 – – Tribute to Missionaries in ………….. 169 – Keeping in Touch with the, Acts of Modern Apostles, Wm. S. Marquis ………….. 479 Negro Lynchings Hinde'r Missions ……….. 2>52 – Library in Our Missionary Work, Public Negroes, Atlanta Churches Defend ……… 252 Sallie E. Coy ……………………….. 305 :-.lew Britain, Apostle of Christ in, J. H. – Poster Publicity ………………………. 914 Margetts ……………………………. 648 – Program Vnique, Mrs. Edward Jordan …. 481 New Guinea, Home Missions in ………… 500 – Schools of Missions in Philadelphia, – – Industrial Training in Papua ……… 324 Training Leaders for. Anna Agnew Roberts …………………………….. 67 – – Reorganization of ………. , ……. , … 93 – – – – Pasadena City, Wide, Margaret B. – – Savages for Christ, Wm. Kraushaar … 341 Cohb ………………………………… 65 New Hehrides-Maoris Prize Bibles ……… 50~ – Setting Young Women to Work, Mrs. C. – – Need Help ………………………….. 940 K. Lippard ………………………… 6.57 New York City-Evangelism in ………….. 399 – Story Contest, Missionary ……………… 913 New Zealand Volunteers …………………. 853 – What I Have Learned Ahout, Helen Bar- rett Montgomery ……………………. 741 Nicaragua, Education in …………………. 590 – When World Comes to Your City or Nile Mission Press …………………… 757, 843 Church, Mary L. Bishop …………….. 149 Observations on a World Tour, Stephen J. Mexican Friendship Project …………….. 858 Corey ……………………………….. 693 – Catholics ………………………………. 110 – Kindergarten ………………………….. 3,6 Orientals in America, George Warren Hin- – Pastor, Veteran ………………………. 684 man '" ……………………………… 563 – Soldiers, Reaching ……………………. 754 – – Latin-America ……………………… 80 – Students. Hostile for ………………… 500 Mexicans Building Churches ……………. 162 Outdoor Evangelism, Value of, John N. Wolf 877 – in the Southwest, Among the ……….. 623 Palestine Jewish Organization …………. 596 Mexico City, Missions in ………………. 234 – Motive, Zionism Lacks ………………. 243 – Crisis, Present, S. G. Inman ………….. 740 – Religious Freedom in ……………… 331, 674 – Evangelical Forces in ……… '" ……. 9'28 – "Frh,ndship Bags" for ……………….. 80 – Seeking Jesus in Tiberias ……………. 406 – "Friendship School Bag" Plan ……… 503 Palestinian Moslem Converts ……………. 331 – Friendship School Bags for ………….. 580 Pan-Pacific Women's Conference ………… 854 – in 1927, Struggle in, S, H. Chester ……. 182 – Methodism in ………………………… 234 Papua, (New Guinea) Industrial Training in 324 – ReligiOUS Freedom in, N. W. Taylor ….. 370 Paraguay, Building Schools in ………….. 4~2 – Results of Success Fifty Years Ago ……. 186 – Seminar on ……………………………. 590 – Colegio Internacional, Asuncion ………. 929 – Teaching Yucatan Indians ……………. 327 – School, Notable ……………………….. 929 Mission of the Church, What Is, Robert H. Glover ………………………………. 347 Peace, Missions and World, Frederick Lynch 007 Missionaries' Children Succeed ………… 506 – Ten Years After, Editorial …………….. 994 – Conference of New ……………………. 682 – The Churcbes and World, Jeannette W. – Those ………………………………….. 689 Missionary Appeal-Fifty Years Aga …….. 61 Emrich …………………………… 967 – Call and Response, John T. Faris ……. 892 Peking Union Medical College ………….. 937 – History Test, Recent, Belle M. Brain .,. 21 Persia and Mission Schools ………………. 911 – Leaders of Fifty Years Ai<0, R. P. Mackay 23 – Paralyzed Home, David McConaughy ….. 731 – Christian Women in …………………… 1017 – Review Jubilee and Annual Meeting ." 214 – More Christian than Moslem ………… 4(ffi – Texts from Old Testament ………….. 482 – Training- Sehools …………………….. 398 – "People of the Truth" ……………….. 86 Missionary's Motives Today, R. A. Hume .. , 270 – Unity and Cooperation in, J. H. Linton 2D7 Missions and World Peace, Frederick Lynch 907 Persian Cbildren, Spee,ch of …………… 596 – Have Accomplished, Some Things Chris- – Christian Leaders ……………………… 86 tian ………….. " …………………… 128 Money and Motives Fifty Years Ago, Harry – – Literature ………. '" ………………. 847 – Guests, MiSSionary's …………………. 243 S. Myers …………………………… 204 "Monoplane Testament" …………………. 507 – Law Hurts MiSSions, New …………… 332 Mormonism and the Government ., ……… 400 – Schools Reopen ……………………….. 674 – Near New york ……………………….. 161 – 'Woman, Remarkable, ………………….. 493 – Nine Facts About …………………….. 683 Personal-Alvarez,. Carmen Parlin ………. 867 – Today ………………………………….. 1009 – Vitality of, Wm. M. Paden ………… 650 – Avison, O. R. ……………….3d Cover, May Mormons in Canada, Work for ………….. 588 – Brown, George William ………………. 513 Morocco-Religious Libe·rty in ………….. 404 Moslem and Atheist ……………………… 847 – Ding, lng-Ong, Archdeacon …………… 171 – Association, Young Men's ……………. 934 – Gale, James S. . …………………….. 179 – Converts in Palestine . " '" ., ……. , ' .. , 331 – Glover, Robert H ………………………. 171 – Cost of Baptisms ……………………….1018 – Goheen, Robert H. .. ………………….. 867 – – – Syria …………………………….. 759 – GriSWOld, H. D. . ……………………… 179 – Practice Forbidden, Cruel .. , …….. '. .. 88 – G'unn, W. T ……………3d Cover, November – Women, Cal! to ……………………….. 848 Moslems, Evangelizing Egyptian ………… 83 – Jones, E. Stanley 25H, 513, 3d Cover, November – in South Africa ………………………. 167 – Learned, Dr. and Mrs. D. W …………… 867 – Read Bible in India …………………. 244 – Won in China ……………………….. 6()~ – Mackay, John …………………………. 867 Motives and Money Fifty Years Ago, Harry – Mott, John R. ……………………….. 611 S. Myers ……………………………. 2M – Norton, Mr. and Mrs. John E. ……… 769 Mott, John R., Christian Statesman, Frank B. Lentz …………………………….. 957 – Shepard, Lorrin A. . …………………… 513 Murray, Andrew, Centenary ……………… 933 – Wang, C. T ……………………………. 867 "Mushing Parson" of Alaska, Farrand B. – Wanless, Wm. J ………..179, 3d Cover, May Pierson . .. . . . . . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. … 121 – Wilder, Robert ……………………….. 674 National Missions, Field of ……………. 523 N ear East-Airplanes for "the Hajj" …… 407 Philippines- (See Filipino) – – Changes in …………………………. 758 – ME'eting Challenge of Cebu ……………. 160 – – College Association . '" …………….. 4D5 – Mo·ro Christian Minister ………………. 412 – – Moslem and Atheist ………………… 847 – P.rogress in ……………………………. 384 Pocket Testament League ………………… 398 Poem-"God Save the Heathen!" Wynn C.

Fairfield ……………………………. 835 – "MiSSionary Meeting" …………………. 609 – "Over Here-Over There" ……………. 278 – "Use Me!" ……………………………. 472 – "Woman's Sphere" …………………… 314 – "Would You?" ….. ., ………………….. 842 Poland-Protestants in, New …………….. 328 Polish Jews Study New Testament ……… 238 Porto Rico-Chapel Car in …………….. 80 – – Creative Service in, Arthur James ..•. 195 – – Destruction in ………………….. …. 910 – – Devolution in ……………………….. 684 – – Living Conditions ….. , ……………. 401 Porto Rican Presbyterians ………………. 503 – – Woman's Gift ……………………… 326 Porto Ricans Value Hospital …………… 858

INDEX

Page Page SWdents, British and America …………… 930 Prayer Cal! from Jerusalem ……………. 437 – Chicago Day of ……………………….. 399 – III Czechoslovakia … '" .. … .. ………. .. 83 – for White Men, African's ……………… 84 Sudan. Baptisms in Southern ……………. 672 – Bible Teaching in the ………………… 491 – in Kopapingo, Lord's …………………. 462 – Mahdists Ask to Hear of Jesus …….. 756 – of a Lonely Student …………………… 667 – Shulla Woman, My Friend, Mrs. D. S. – World Day of, 1929 …………………… 917 Oyler ……………………………….. 46D – World's Day of ………….. , " …….. '. 313 ISuccess, Secrets of, John R. Mott ……….. 963 "Prison, I Was In," Vincent C. Steffan …. 965 Sudanese Christians Pray, How ………….. 33D Prohibition and Business ………………… 380 – Preachers, Training ………. , …… " …. 695 – Gains in Japan ……………………….. 499 Sunday School Convention, World's ……… 764 – in Japanese Colleges ………………….. 158 Sunday-Schools, Bible Lands …………….. 758 – League of India ……………………… 495 – – German …………………… , …. , .. … 82 Protestant Charity Federation ………….. 78 Syria and Palestine, D. V. B. S. in ……… 86 Racial Coun(Jils in South Africa, Inter- ….. 846 – Beruit University Graduates …………. 847 – Experiment …………………………….. lDD8 – Irish Church in Damascus, Elias New- Ramabai, Pandita, Memorial …………….. 319 man ………………………………… 471 Ramabai's Mukti Mission, Wm. Moyser … 807 – Jews in Damascus ……………………..1016 Religion, Cost of …………………………. 379 – Moslem Conve,rts . " ………….. , …….. 759 Religious Education Foundation ………. 324 – Physician's Reputation ………………. 492 – Peace Conference ………………………. lD22 Rhenish Mission Centennial …………….. 859 – Religious Contacts ……………….. , … 596 Task, Greatness of the …………………. 585 Rubber, Christian Colony to Plant ……… 762 Temperance Day fn Bulgaria ……………. 5()5 Rumania, Religious Hatred in ………….. 238 – Lecture Wins Prize in Korea ……….. 852 Rural Church at the Crossroads, Jay S. StDwell ………………….. 0 •••••••••••• 284 Testimony, Notable Chinese ……………… .1019 Tibet-Journey from Batang, Perilous, Ro- – Leadership, Securing, W. A. C. Hughes … 228 Rnssia-AII Russian Evangelical Union ….. 859 derick A. MacLeod …….•………….. 869 – Nurses' School ……………………….. 403 Tibet, Peril in ……..•..•…..•……………102D – Religious Chaos ………………………. 671 – Moravians in …………………………… 1()20 – Revival in ……………………………. 931 Tibetan Christian Pioneer ……………….. 498 – "Pilgrim's Progress" in …………….. 764 – Riga "Salvation Temple" ……………. 506 – To Try Buddhism ……………………… 238 Tibetans in Darjeeling •…………………… 699 – Winning ………………………………. 41D – Vodka Drinking IncreaSing ……………. 592 Tokyo Slums ………………………………1()2() Russian Communistic Youth ……………… lD13 – Y. M. C. A……………………………..•1()21 Russians, Needs of Educated ……………. 32,9 Trade,r Horn, the Romancer .. 2nd Cover, May Santo Domingo-Earnest Pastor ………….. 235 Trinidad Mission Jubilee …………………. 684 Scotland-Livingstone Memorial in …….. 327 Turkey-Bibles Sold in …………………… 759 – Moody's Memory in Glasgow …………. 670 – Census in …………………………….. 85 Siam, Centennial for …………………… 849 – Century of MiSSions in ……………….. 4D8 – Constantinople College Graduates …….. 243 – Crucifixion Story in …………………. 171 – Doctor's Romance ………………………1()16 – Education in, Western ………………… 85 – "Rice Christians" …………………….. 849 – Fifty Years Ago and Now, Charles T. – Riverside Evangelist in, 2nd Cover, September Riggs … '" ………………………….. 13 – Rubber. Christian Colony to Plant …… 762 – Forbids the Veil, Why ………………. 242 Siamese Christians Steadfast ……………. 246 – Mosques in New ………………………. 759 – Church, Growth of …………………….. 89 – Mustapha Kemal and Islam ………….. 167 – Martyr's Daughter …………………….. 408 – ReligiOUS Future of ………………. 758, 934 – Mission Centennial …………………..•..1018 – – Liberty ….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85 Slaves Freed in Siena Leone ……………. 166 – School at Brousa Closed …………….. 242 Slcssor, Mary, Hospital in Africa ………. 492 – "Unnamed Christianity" ………………. 467 Social Research Institute, New ………… 77 South America-Deported for' Christ's Sake 163 – Verdict of Brousa Court …………….. 674 – Woman, New ………………………….. 242 – – Indians in Amazonia Needy ……… 504 – Woman's Rights in Sabihe Zekaria Hanum 636 – – With Stanley Jones in, Webster E. Turke,y's Religious Future ………………. 242 Browning …………………………… 881 Turkish Alphabet, New …………………. 492 – – Y. M. C. A. . ………………………. 401 Turks, Modernizing …………………….. 846 – Take Family Names …………………. 4()6 – American "Friendship Pilgrimage" …. 234 Southern Mountaineers …………………… 536 – to Publish Sermons …………………… 168 – – Past, Present and Future, J. M. Somern- Uganda, Church Growth …………………. 757 dike ………………………………… 198 Unclaimed for Christ, Areas, Robert E. Speer Spain, Evangelicals in …………………… 237 ……………………………………187, 279 – Gospel Mission in ……………………… 164 Underwood, H. G., Statue of ………….. 751 – Persecution in ………………………… 930 Union, British Methodist ………………… 93() – Progress of Gospel in, J. H. Horstmann 717 – Churches Consider …………………… 5()2 — Religious Education in ……………….. 82 – in Korea, Methodist …………………… 499 – "Tolerated" Religions in …………….. 756 – Students Seek Church ……………….. 324 Spanish, Evangelical Books in ………….. 589 Unity in India, Lutheran ………………. 761 – Spf'aking People, Work Among ……… 75 United StateS-Berkeley International House 161 – – Work, Charles A. Thomson ………… 392 – – Bible Reading in Public Schools ….. 324 – Woman Imprisoned …………………… 505 – – Chicago Ninety Per Cent. Religious .. , 926 Statistics-Africa, Protestant and Catholic – – Chinese Women, Few ………………. 857 Missionary Work …………………. 886 – – Church Growth in Wyoming ………. 325 – African Mission Fruit of Thirty Years .. 833 – – Clinic for Theological Students ….. 855 – Gains in Decade, ReligiOUS ………….. 926 – – College of Missions, Hartford ……… ga5 – Growth of Protestant Missions in Africa 833 – – Conference at Hampton, Ministers' .. 857 – Luxuries, Cost of …………………….. 379 – – Contacts with Eastern Churches ……. 251 – Only a POlltage Stamp ……………… 742 – – Cooperation in California ………… 855 – Religion, Cost of ………………………• 379 – – "Copec" in Massachusetts ….. ' ….. , 854 – Religious Gains in Decade .. . . . . . . . . . . .. 926 – – Criminal Youth …………………….. 379 Steward's Psalm ……………. " ……….. 378 – – Cuban Children in Florida ………… 325 Stewardship-Christian and His Money … . – – Filipinos in ………………………… 162 ………….. " …………….2nd Cover, June – – Finnish and Hungarian Chnrches ….. 161 "Stockholm" a New Quarterly ………….. 398 – – Foreign-Born Friends ……………… 399 – – Ghetto, Voices in …………………. 251 StUdent Committee, Federated …………….10M Student Rally for Missions …………….. 145 – – Hindu Association in New york …….. 753 – – Italian-Negro Congregation ………… 928 – Volnnteer Convention, 1928, Harlan P. Beach …………………….•……….. 134 – – Jails, Menace of Our, Charles N. Lath- rop …………………………….•…… 555 – Volunteers in Brazil ………………… 236 – – Japanese Delegates at Detroit •…..• 251 Students and Fore,ign Missions Today, Jesse R. Wilson ………..•………•••..•..•.. 885

Page Page Women's Conference, Pan-Pacific ………… 854 United States-Japanese Students, Christian 326 World's Student Christian Federation COOl- – – Jewish Work for Jews •…………… 251 – – Law Enforcement ………………….. 392 ference, India …………………… 507, 936 – – Metropolitan Church Campaign ……. 78 – Sunday School Convention …………… 764 – – Mexican Citizens, Future …………. 401 – – – Day ………………………………. 501 – – Mexicans in the Southwest, Among … 623 – – – Progress, Samuel D. Price ………. 463 – – MississiPPi Flood Sufferers Want Bibles 78 Yale-in-China to Reopen ………………… 763 – – Pioneer Union, Another …………….. 840 Young, S. Hall of Alaska, Farrand B. Pier- – – Porto Ricans in New york …………. 589 – – Protestants in Chicago …………….. 855 son ………………………………….. 121 – – "Retreat" on Evangelism ………….. 8156 Y. M. C. A. and Industrial Workers, Fred – – Students Seek Church Union ………. 324 – – Theological Student Conference ……. 161 H. Rindge …………………………. 3li1 – – Woman's Missionary Federation in St. – in Greece …………………………….. 1fi5 – – Jerusalem ……………………………1G16 Louis ………………………………. 486 – – South America …………………….. 401 – – Women's City Missionary Union ……. 840 – Tokyo …………………………………..1()20 Venezuelan EVangelical Church, John Chris- – Members in North America …………… 78 – Success in Egypt …………………….. 672 tiansen ……………………………… 194 Young Men's Moslem Association ………… 934 War, Cost of ……………………………. 379 Y. W. C. A. at Budapest ………………. 930 What Is the Larger Parish? Mrs. Hilda – Building in Tokyo …………………… 249 – in Latvia, Interracial …………………. 671 L. Ives …………………………….. 488 – World-wide Work ……………………… 941 Wherry, E. M., J. J. Lucas …………….. 143 Youth and Missionary Enterprise Fifty Years Wilder, Rohert …………………………… 674 Woman's Home Mission Bulletin, Edited by Ago and Now, Howard B. Grose ….. 137 – Criminal ……………………………… 379 Florence E. Quinlan …………… Monthly – Movement in Philippines ……………… 93 – Foreign Mission Bulletin, Edited hy Ella Youth's Threefold Crusade ………………. 5()1 D. MacLaurin ………………… Monthly NEW BOOKS REVIEWED Page Page Africa and Her Peoples, F. Deauville Walker 511 Joy Ride Throngh China, Cora E. Simpson Africa-Books on ………………………… 861 Korea Mission Year Book ……………… 1027 Africa Today, Mary A. Jeffreys ………… 1028 Land of the Vanished Church: Survey of Are Missions a Failure? Charles A. Seldon 173 Arnot of Africa, Nigel B. M. Grahame ….. 60S No. Africa, J. J. Cooksey …………. 414 Attitudes Toward Other Faiths, Daniel J. Life on the Highest Plane, Ruth Paxson ….1028: Light and Darkness in East Africa, A Surve,y 413 Fleming ……. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. … 765 Lowland Indians of Amazonia, K. 0'. Grubb 863 Asia Reborn, Marguerite Harrison ……… 510 Maryknoll Mission Letters-China-Vo. II 176 Barak, Diary of a Donkey, Fred H. Easton 687 Measure of Margaret, Isabel Brown Rose 006 Black Treasure, Basil Mathews ………….. 942 Camp Fires in the Congo, Mrs. John M. Memories of the Mission Fields, Christine 1. TinIing …………………………… 608 Springer …………………………….. 766 Missionary Methods: St. Panl's or Ours; Changing Foreign Missions, Cleland B. Mc- Roland Allen ……………………… 253 Afee ………………………………… 94 Moffat of Africa, Norman J. Davidson ….. 608 China and WO'rld Peace, Mingchien Joshua Mormonism and Biblical Christianity, F. Bau …………………………………. 766 G. Huling ………………………….. 415 China, a Nation in Evolution, Paul Monroe 510 Mussolini-Is the Antichrist at Hand? What China Year Book-1928, Edited by H. G. W. of Mussolini, Oswald J. Smith ……… 256 Woodhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1021> New Africa, Donald FraSer …………. 511, 686 New Englander in Japan, Evarts Boutell Chinese Religious Ideas, P. J. Maclagan … 94 Christian Approach to the Jew. Report of Greene ……………………………… 172 "Our Asiatic Christ", Professor Buck ……. 313 Conference on Jewish Evangelism ….. 175 Our Jewish Neighbors, J. S. Conning ….. 253 Christian Essentials, John McDowell ……. 864 People of Ararat, Joseph Bure,t ………….. 416 Christian Voices Aronnd the World, Milton Roads to the City of God, Basil Mathews … 1()Z7 Rosary, Cornelius Howard Patton ……… 768 T. Stauffer ……………………….. 254 Secnring Christian Leaders for Tomorrow Christianity and the Natives of South Africa S. M. Cavert ……………………….. 511 Year Book ………………………….. 943 Speaking With Other Tongues, Sign or Gift? Christianity or Religion, Arno C. Gaebelein .. 608 ChUrch in the Changing City, H. Paul Doug- Which? T. J. McCrossan ………….. 768 Spontaneous ExpanSion of the Chnrch and lass ………………………………… 334 Cronk, Katharine Scherer, Laura Scherer the Causes Which Hinder It. Roland Allen ……………………………….. 333 Copenhaver …………………………. 413 Stewardship in the Life of Women, Helen China, Das Werden der Christlichen Kirche Kingsbury Wallac" …………………. 510 Stewardship Stories, Guy L. Morrell ….. 176 in, Julius Richter …………………. 335 Students and the Future of Christian Mis- Everyland Children, Mrs. H. W. Peabody … 608 sions, Gordon Poteat ………………. 415 Ewing, Sir James, Robert E. Sp'eer ……. 767 Thamilla, Ferdinand Ducbene ………….. 416 Explorer of Changing Horizons: William Triumph of an Indian Widow-Pandita Ram- abai, Mary L. B. Fuller ………….. 608 Edgar Geil, by Philip Whitwell Wilson 333 Trnth and Tradition in Chinese Buddhism, Friends of Africa, Various Authors ……. 9'42 Karl Ludwig Reichelt …………….. 95 Gentlemen-The King, John Oxenham ….. 1025 Unclean! Unclean! or Glimpses of Land Girl of an Indian Garden, Ruth Robinson 397 Where Leprosy Thrives, Lee S. Hui- Golden Stool, Edwin W. Smith ………… 606 zenga ………………………………. 253 Gospel for Asia, Kenneth Saunders ……… 508 Green Gods, Josephine Hope Weste,rvelt .. 511 Village Communities, Edmund de S. Brunner 335 Guidance Through Life's Contradictions, Don Village Schools in India, Mason Olcott …. 414 Way Back in Papua, J. H. Holmes ……… 767 O. Shelton …………. '" …………… 607 'What Next in Home Missions? William P. Home Mission Books …………………….. 603 India in 1926-27, J. Coatman ……………. 686 Shriver ……………………………1()261 International Review for the Social Activi- What's Right With China, O. D. Rasmussen 256 ties of the Churches, Various Authors 864 Windows of Asia, A. P. Richardson ……. 944 In the African Bush, Jewell H. Schwab ….. 1028 Young, Hall, of Alaska: The "Mushing Par- Introduction to' Child Study, Clarence H. son". Autobiography ………………. 175 Benson ……………………………… 415 Young Hearts in Old Japan, Maude Madden 007 Islam als Religion, Julius Richter ……. :l1l6 Japan In the World of Today, Arthur J.

Brown ………………………………. 509

f()40

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The Missionary Review of the World — December 1928

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Dr. John A. Mar- Fascinating descrip- quis says: "While a tions of India, a • record of personal experiences, 'they are the experiences of a his tor y-m a kin g epoch." IlIus., $4.00 charming love story, a splendid tale of missionary devotion and service. $2.00 FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY, Publishers NEW YORK, 158 Fifth Avenue CHICAGO, 851 Cass Street Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. DR. A. G. ~hcAr,PINE, DR. W. A . ELMSLIE, DR. llOBERT LAWS AND THE FIllS'I' THREE AFRICAN PASTORS OF THE BANDAWE CHURCH, LIVINGSTONIA

LI, No. 12 December

THE MISSIONARY 1{,eWO. .,_…!..UJiiH+-l-IiIW FIFTY-THREE YEARS IN LIVINGSTONIA A Remarkable Retrospect of Transformations Seen in Central Africa in the Life of One Missionary BY DR. ROBERT LAWS,* EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND W HEN one looks at the map the country for which he had given of Africa today with its vast his life. inland seas and mighty rivers having thousands of miles As a monument to his memory, of navigable waterway and the and to continue his work, the late names of many peoples depicted Dr. Stewart of Lovedale, who had thereon, it is difficult to realize that been with Livingstone on the Zamthe most of this accurate geo- besi River, at the Free Church graphical knowledge has been at- General Assembly of 1874 protained within the past sixty years, posed that a mission, to be called and contrasts strongly with the the Livingstonia Mission, should be blank spaced interior the map begun on Lake Nyasa, and in May showed in the earlier school days 1875 the pioneer band, of which of many now living. The leader in the writer was one, sailed from this geographical change was Dr. England, under the leadership of Livingstone, and his lonely death Mr. E. D. Young, R.N., whose in Central Africa in 1873, roused special duty it was to get the small the interest, not only of his fellow steamer, which had been provided countrymen, but of the world, in for our use, safely transported and placed on Lake Nyasa.

• After fifty years' labor in Africa Dr, Laws Stanley had left Britain a fort- night earlier to begin that journey :~:e[i~~:ieedfa~~:.~rt~~~! Bra~t;r~~ g~;~n t~~ g~~e~:dW~(t::~~a~fo~,Rc';,"~~er~~ ~~~~~n~~,i'f, which was to clear up the source of the Nile, and reveal to the world missions were all represented-significant of the vast, winding length of the the growing life of the young country whose Congo and its great tributaries, doors he has been so largely instrumental in with teeming populations living along these waterways presenting ~fO~;~i~B ~:ici: ~~~/a~it~f yt!i.~ b::~ glii:~sd their mute appeal for the Gospel N~~~:af~:sois l,~~~J;, in health, white of hair of Christ. ~ith ~ha:dstain~it~~e g~~:t~~s:n:n~~:tak~bi~. but Af;~~~sro;g~n:r~~n~~I:nj~~~s W:}",.:}le~l:~~ The Livingstonia Mission, on reaching Cape Town, had to storekeepers, motor-drivers, artisans. To that charter a sailing vessel to take them with the sections of their t~~nmt~n a~i:ti~fhe~~ i~h~h~a~~::ell~:~nCh~~~~ ~:t: ~~cl:arr:~ ~~du1:~o~~~~; ~fr:h~rr8 f~~le~~ i: :;rOet:I~~ Pfg:~d J~~t !a~~~t w3gkint,!':J ~r[h :::'~f. w~~ ~~~~l~lf~g:~~~~~e% s~g~~!:~:Dii~~: 949

little steamer, and the two years' carded slave yokes, the slavers provisions with which they had thinking there was not much been supplied, to the Kongoni chance of their captives escaping mouth of the Zambesi River. There when so near that port. The they built the little S. S. Ilala and horrors of this trade, and the sufproceeded up the Zambesi and ferings and deaths entailed by it, Shire Rivers to the Murchiston can hardly be understood, and the Cataracts, where it had to be taken callousness of the slave traders, to pieces and transported by cara- even to their own interests, as well vans of native porters to the upper as to the sufferings inflicted, can end of th ecataracts and there re- hardly be credited. built, after which we sailed into Lake Nyasa on Oct. 12, 1875. Besides the wars stirred up be- tween tribes by the slave traders At that time, to the north, the to secure victims for themselves, nearest church or school was to be we found a chronic state of interfound at Khartum or Assiut on tribal war the prevailing condition the Nile; to the west, at the sea during our early years on the lake. coast; to the east, at Zanzibar or I have walked for hours through Bagamoyo 'on the mainland op- the ruins of burned villages and posite; and to the south, north- amid bleaching human bones. wards from Natal. Today all the Along the lake shore, especially at great lakes have one or more mis- the northern half of the lake we sions at work on their shores, and found many villages built on piles, various other missions are labor- where the people were living with ing along the Congo and its mighty tributaries, on the waters of which their cattle, sheep, goats and poulmission and trading steamers are try beside them. The animals had now plying. to swim ashore to feed, or grass and reeds were cut and brought oft SLAVERY AND WARFARE in canoes for their food when ene- Our first voyage round Lake mies were about. Nyasa, the northern part of which until then had been unknown, On the hills to the west of the showed that it was 360 miles long, lake lived the Ngoni, an offset varying in breadth from sixteen to from the Zulus of South Africa, upwards of forty miles. Round who by their war raids and cattIethe shores of this great inland sea lifting forays, kept the surrounding we found many different tribes living, and learned of others on the tribes in terror of their lives, hills inland. Kotakota on the west, where these had not yielded suband Losewa on the east sides of the mission to them as their masters. lake, were the chief ports of the The Ngoni often seized the boys Arab and Swahili slave traders and young men of other tribes, where they transported across the training them as warriors,' and lake the slaves and ivory they had took the girls as wives and slaves. procured in the interior. Several dhows, built on the lake, were en- The difficulty of stopping the gaged in this traffic, and a later slave trade on the eastern sea coast journey, to the west of Kotakota, of Africa led to its being attacked showed the roads strewn with dis- in the interior and stopped on Lake Nyasa by two British gun boats placed there. This led finally to the taking over of the country as the Nyasaland Protectorate. The

FIFTY-THREE YEARS IN LIVINGSTONIA

Photo by Dr. 117. A. 1:l'1ll sUe OLD TIME NGONI WARRIORS AS THEY APNJARED IN WAR DRESS work of the missions, the gradual ditions there is a weekly mail servestablishment of courts of justice, ice, and the first cable, laid to the and the extension of legitimate Cape in 1879, has made telegraphic commerce, led not only to the sup- communication an every day pospression of the slave trade but to sibility. The railway we found the abolition of domestic slavery. recently begun at the Cape in 1875, With the Pax Brittanica came the has now been carried across the steady improvement of communi- Zambesi to Broken Hill and the cation, and other conditions help- Congo State, with ultimate objecing the advance of Christianity tives for its passengers, in the and of the people as a whole. Our north at Cairo, and on the west at Lobito Bay. The journey from the first letters, written from the lake, Cape to Chitambo, near which were thirteen months old when de- Livingstone died, would have livered in Great Britain and our taken, in 1875 from six to nine friends had heard nothing of us months to accomplish with good all the time; now, in normal con-

A NA'l'IVIiJ AFRICAN VILLAGE IN LIVINGSTONIA reason to fear it might never be ease, is giving place to the knowldone because of the opposition of edge of cause and effect, the the warlike Matabeli; now Mr. sources of the common tropical Moffat, our missionary there, can diseases, their prevention and cover the distance by motor car cure. and rail to the Cape in five days. The spiritual darkness of former Great as these physical changes days, their fear of retribution from are, the social, moral and spiritual offended malign spirits, and the changes which God has wrought blank of the future have been ilamong the people are greater still. lumined by the preaching of the Where formerly a native woman Gospel, the knowledge of Jesus would not have gone alone from Christ as the Saviour of the beone village to another, and a man liever, the love of God and the hope would not have gone without his of heaven. shield, spears and club, now men, women and children go through- The work of the Livingstonia out the country with the almost con- Mission has been carried on along fidence. The tribes formerly at four main lines, the directly evanwar with each other are now living gelistic, the medical, the educationin amity, and many of those who al and the industrial, all having the formerly sought each others lives common end of leading men to can now be seen sitting together as Christ and to confession of their humble disciples at the Com- faith in him by baptism, membermunion Table of their Lord and ship in his church, and the serv- Saviour. The terror of witchcraft, ice of God and man. The one as the source of accident and dis- station of 1875 had become nine central stations in 1927, and con-

FIFTY-THREE YEARS IN LIVINGSTONIA

nected with these there are thirty- membership exceeds 50,000, and at one congregations with thirteen its next meeting the Presbytery of ordained native pastors, 952 office- the mission of the Dutch Reformed bearers, and 19,371 communicants, Church of the Orange Free State with over 10,000 catechumens intends to join the Synod. looking forward to baptism after their two years' preparation and The medical work of the mission probation had been satisfactorily has, in the past, opened the door completed. This native church is for the entrance of the Gospel entirely self-supporting, the people among opposing tribes, and has paying their own pastors and been especially useful for this purevangelists, as well as building pose among Mohammedans. Its their village schools. From the be- work is also a constant exhibition ginning they have taken an active of what the spirit of the Gospel of share in the duty they recognize of Christ means by its care of the propagating the Gospel among the sick and suffering and the dying, people who have not yet heard or who, in former days would have accepted it. Three years ago the often been cast out to perish, or Presbyteries of Livingstonia and to be devoured by wild beasts. Blantyre united to form the Synod of the church of Central Africa In the industrial departments (Presbyterian), and this has been of the mission there are about 120 joined by the Presbytery of Mk- apprentices, each serving a term of homa, of the Dutch Reformed five years. Many of these are the church mission of the Cape. Its children of Christian parents who are thus being trained to useful occupations for the advancement NEW TYPE OF WARRJOIlS-LIVINGS~'ONIA MISSION PUPILS IN TRAINING

of their fellow men and the good among those going to work in disof the country. During the whole tant places, where no missionary of their term, they are not only was at work, with the Scriptures receiving technical training but are in their pockets and the love of under Christian instruction and Christ in their hearts, have proved influence, and the majority of themselves to be unpaid foreign them, before its close, are either in missionaries of the native church. the catechumens' classes or have In one case, at least, this work was so effective that later, when a been baptized and become mem- mission from America arrived bers of the church. A good many there, a small congregation and at the close of their apprentice- ship go to South Africa, or the evening schools wen~ ready to 'wel- Congo State, led to these places by come their help and guidance. the desire to see something of the outer world and by wages four or The educational side of the work five times greater than they could by its influence on the young, has get at home. Some remain per- proved most effective for the manently in those places to which furtherance of the Kingdom of they have migrated, but most remit God. The one school of 1875 has home part of their pay, and after now become 721 schools with 1,- a year or two return to become the 306 native teachers, and 18,464 native builders and carpenters in pupils with the Central Institution their own villages, and so help in at Livingstonia for the training of improving the homes of their teachers, the more advanced work people. The earnest Christians of training the native pastors, and for the medical training of Hos-

FIFTY-THREE YEARS IN LIVINGSTONIA

Plt.uta : W. ..4.. Ehnslie OLD WO)IEN AT ~(')1()()L IX LIYlXGHTONIA Ll~AR::-;IXG TO READ pital assistants and orderlies, who stitution and the necessity for get their practical work in the building a college, equipped with wards and out patient department the necessary staff to meet this deof the David Gordon Memorial mand, is evident. By its means the Hospital at that station. training of the native leaders of the country under Christian in- The value of the educational fluences and instruction would be work, as an evangelistic agency, assured, and the highly beneficial can be seen when it is remembered effect on the future of Central that every pupil receives a daily Africa would be incalculable. The Scripture lesson and the influence opportunity for securing this is of this permeates and regulates pressing now, and can only be the work and aim of the school in neglected at our peril. . the formation of the character of the pupils. The new attitude of the The influence of this educational native to education is seen in the work can be further understood by contrast between the early days, the number of pupils who pass when the pupil expected to be paid through these schools, reading the for coming to school and the Scriptures in their own vernacuparents expected to be paid for lars. Besides school books, and a allowing them to come, and the very limited amount of other payment last year by parents and literature, the statisties of the pupils of £1,090 ($5,000) in school Bible societies show how the Word fees. There is an ever increasing of God, like leaven, is permeating demand for admission to the In- the people. The Zulu Bible, pub-

lished by the British and Foreign work of the translators, nor the Bible Society, is read and under- provision made for saturating stood by many of the Ngoni. Into the minds of the pupils with the the Nyanja language the whole Word of God, which is able to Bible has been translated, and the make them wise unto salvation. National Bible Society of Scotland have printed 31,000 Bibles, 73,670 Though the details given refer New Testaments, and a total of chiefly to the Livingstonia Mission, 222,757 complete Scriptures and with which I am best acquainted, portions of Scriptures in that it has to be remembered, that it is togue. We are now faced with a only one of the now many missions demand for another edition of 10,- laboring for the extension of the 000 Bibles. Besides these most of Master's kingdom and the rethe New Testament has been generation of Africa. To a greater printed in Chinamwanga, and most or less extent, the methods adopted of the Bible in the Bemba tongues, by the various missions have much while the whole New Testament in common, and all can tell of the has been printed in Yao, Tonga blessing that God has granted on and Konde., It has been printed the faithful preaching of the cross three times in Tumbuka, two of of Christ, of the changed lives of these editions being at the Living- men whose hands in former days stonia printing press, where also were often imbrued in blood, and Mr. Crawford's first edition of the of the change in whole tribes from New Testament into Luba for the being turbulent disturbers of the cannibals of the Congo was peace of the country, to being inprinted. Later, his translation of dustrious, peaceable citizens, seekthe whole Bible into the same tongue has been printed at home. ing the good of their fellow men. This list by no means exhausts the It is the Lord's doing and is marvellous in our eyes. To Him alone be the glory and the praise.

PROSELYTING OR SAVING W E HEAR people who have not investigated missionary work say with a sneer, "How many proselytes are you getting?" It isn't burglary to break into a house when the owner is inside asleep-if the house is on fire. It would be equivalent to murder not to. People who think missionaries are proselyting are badly informed. When eighty-five per cent of the children born have no legal parentage, it is not proselyting to establish Christian homes. Where people shoot and stab each other on little provocation, it is not proselyting to teach patience, love, pardon and good citizenship. Where intemperance and its baneful fruits reign, it is not proselyting to teach a normal life. Where towns of thousands of people exist with no religious instructor at all, it isn't proselyting to proclaim the Gospel of the Son of God. Where a group of patriots are struggling to the best of their ability to lift their native l.and out of the moral and intellectual mire into which she has staggered under her load of ecclesiasticism, it isn't proselyting to run to their relief. If it is, it is a plain case of proselyting from the devil, and that is what missionaries are for, and so plead guilty. -The Messenger, Guatemala.

R. MOTT-CHRISTIAN

BY FRANK B. LENZ, New York I T HAS been said that every man completely does he lose himself in has his adjective-but not so the causes of Christ that he takes John R. Mott. It would be no thought of time, space or handi- difficult to circumscribe him by caps. Problems exist to be solved.

grammar, rhetoric or epithets. Crisis exist to be transcended.

Physically and morally he is large He has frequently said that and straight and square. He is when a man lacks world-conquer- distinctly American with the evi- ing power it is because he has been dence in his face of concentration, conquered by the world and not by poise, peace, strength and earnest- Christ. In one of his addresses he ness. When in action there is no says: room to doubt the determination Come to Christ for the particular and will power of the man. Great thing you need. Is it cleansing? He physical strength and energy are will make you clean. Are you depressed revealed in his movements. He and discouraged? He will plant new commands others because he has hope in your breast. Are you weak? conquered himself and because he He will give you energy. Let Him flood himself has learned to obey a your life, flood it, flood it, that you may higher Power. say, "It is not I that liveth, but Christ that liveth in me." Let us rise in new- Everyone realizes that he cannot ness of life. be labeled or confined within sec- One of the remarkable character- istics of Mott is his ability to tarian limits. It is enough to say change men's attitudes from op- that he is a Christian and is loyal position and hostility to one of con- to Christ and His Church univer- fidence and hearty support. This sal and so might be termed an can best be explained by spiritual "Ecumenical Christian." He deals influence rather than on human habitually with intellectual, moral grounds. Men's hearts are stirred and spiritual esentials, and in that by his appeals and their wills re- sense he might be called an "essen- spond so that they are ready to foltialist," rather than a "modernist" low his leadership.

or "fundamentalist." "Mott is earnest and able, but he John R. Mott cannot be ex- will never make a speaker," said plained by analyzing his great ad- Richard C. Morse, General Secre- ministrative, intellectual and or- tary of the International Commit- ganizing abilities. There is a spir- tee of the Association about the itual dynamic about him that time the young Cornell graduate brings things to pass. His great- joined his staff. Today, forty est purpose in life is to discover years later, while he makes no pre- and do the will of God. tense to eloquence and rhetoric, he Mott is a prodigious worker. is unique for his ability to electdfy Whether at home or in the office, an audience. While he never seeks on the sea or in the subway, he is merely to entertain his hearers, busy toward purposeful ends. Yet the deep, vibrant qualities of his he works without manifesting voi~e, his poise and dignity, his hurry or worry or impatience. So chOIce of words and staccato sen- 957

tences and his commanding grasp level of a small, begging appeal to of the subject, compel attention. a dignified plane that commands He shows this p.ower even when the respect and confidence of the speaking through an interpreter donor. Dedicated money is as imon his extended foreign tours. perative and as sacred as dedicated lives. If rightly used money is as Matt is recognized as a master- truly a means of bringing in the ful presiding officer. At the Kingdom of God as preaching the World's Convention of the Young Word of God. It is characteristic Men's Christian Association, which of Matt, that before asking for a met at Helsingfors, Finland, in gift he takes great pains in pre- 1926, he handled that audience of paring the case thoroughly and fifteen hundred delegates from spends much time in prayer before fifty-two nations, day after day, presenting it. Money raising for with such superb skill and fairness Christian enterprises may be rethat the meetings ended without a garded as an important and highly ripple and on schedule time. Thor- spiritual religious activity. Many ough preparation, great attention of John R. Matt's best friends are to details and the selection of wise those who have given him the largand capable. associates are keys to est sums over a period of years. the success of the conferences and Scores of donors have testified to assemblies over which he presides. the sacramental effect that their gifts have had on their own lives. While Matt is not noted for his The motive that animates the aphumor and does not have time to peal and the purpose for which the spend in telling jokes, those who money is used determine the charknow him intimately know well hls acter of the effort. Mott believes keen relish for good stories, and in sacrificial giving not, "until it his own ability to tell them. hurts," but "until it feels good."

Mott and Money Mott in Print One of the significant contribu- A large collection of books, docutions that Matt has made to Chris- ments, magazine articles, and tian progress is through his abil- pamphlets, have come from the ity to convince men and women of mind and heart and pen of John R. social standing and large wealth, Matt in the past forty years. that it is worth while for them to Many of these are of a high order invest large sums in great causes and of enduring value. The burnthat will continue to bear fruit ing, vital messages have deeply long after he and they are gone. impressed and moved large num- The offerings which he recom- bers in many lands. "Confronting mends are not wild cat stocks, but Young Men with the Living "gilt edge" investments that build Christ" or that striking pamphlet, character, that bind together the "The Price of Leadership" (writraces, nations and classes and that ten over twenty years ago), will promote the Kingdom of God convince any reader that they were among men. He challenges people the product of no ordinary indito give not paltry sums but large vidual. and sacrificial offerings. Noone knows the number of millions he In all of his books there are pashas raised for Christian work. He sages which reveal wide vision and has helped to lift giving from the

JOHN R. MOTT-CHRISTIAN STATESMAN

DR. JOHN R. MOTT AND DR. DAVID Z. T. YUI AT JERUSALEM, MARCH, 1928

strength and character. Many of the best, and to help make righthis volumes have been translated eousness prevail. As head of into other languages and are dis- the United War Work campaign, tributed widely, especially in the he devoted an energy and determigreat university centers. >!< nation that was almost alarming to some of his associates. War Work The Christian religion was en- As noble men of God in the mon- listed and was one of the few asteries of Europe kept the flame forces to return to usefulness. It of the Christian religion alive dur- was not submerged or destroyed, ing the Dark Ages, so other noble and the Y. M. C. A., with the help followers of Christ endured the of a group of noble American laytrials of the arena of conflict and men, was one of the chief agencies made Christ real in the midst of that kept religion functioning. the appalling lusts and hatreds of This and other organizations acted the World War. It was heartrend- as the good Samaritan among forty ing to see the best manhood of the nations at a time when passion was nations, march into the fiery fur- enthroned, and in the midst of nace. Character was needed that those years of pain, suffering and would not burn or die, but this sorrow. As an expression of apseemed almost impossible. Mott preciation of the service rendered carried a cross day and night dur- on behalf of the American soldiers ing those terrible years, but under and sailors, as well as the men of his leadership were mobilized and the allied armies and prisoners intensified the moral and physical of war, the United States Governforces of· the enlisted men. From ment gave Dr. Mott a Distinthe war zone he returned to Amer- guished Service medal, the French ica and asked for $170,000,000 for Government made him Knight of the United War Work Campaign. the Legion of Honor, and the Ital- The response was $205,000,000, ian Government conferred upon given because men and women him the Order of the Italian knew the awful consequences if Crown. their loved ones at the front and in camp were not surrounded by some Influence on Youth decencies and restraints of civilization. To keep men and boys from For forty years Mott has helped going to physical and moral dis- to keep the attention of the world truction during the reactions fol- riveted on youth. As international lowing the terrors of battle, mil- student secretary for the Christian lions of dollars were contributed Association he repeatedly circled for work in debarkation camps, the globe to push an aggressive naval stations, rest billets and campaign of evangelism among prison camps. Mott led this gigan- students in the great university tic movement to hold men up to centers of Asia, Africa, Europe and Latin America. He was one ,.. Amon.g his books ar~". "Strate-gie Points of the early student volunteers for of the 'Vorld's CODQ.uest," HThe Evangelization Foreign Missions and for years he of the World in thIS Generation," "Christian~ actively shared in the development of Reality," "The Pastor and Modern Missions," of that movement. Later he con- "The Future Leadership of the Church," "The ceived the idea of the World Stu- Deeisive Hour of Christian Missions," "The dent Christian Federation, and be- Present World Situation," "The World's Chris- came one of its founders at Vadtian Federation" and "ConfrollUng Young l'Jen with the Living Christ."

JOHN R. MaTT-CHRISTIAN STATESMAN

stena Castle, Sweden, 1895. Stu- white people and the Negroes dents all over the world were thus throughout the United States. united under the banner of Christ and the influence of the Federation Curiously enough as Mott grew has become so far-reaching that at older he came to see more clearly present its work embraces more the strategic importance of Christhan forty countries, over 3,000 tian work with boys and he turned colleges and universities and a his a t ten t ion vigorously to membership of 300,000. In recog- strengthening the Association's nition of his work for students, program among those of the teen Yale University conferred upon age. With characteristic emphasis he said: "Let us go into towns and DJiJLEGATJiJS A'L' ,['lIB HELSINGFORFI YOU'l'U CONFERENCE IN ~· INLAND. 1926 him the degree of Master of Arts villages; into our cities and rural thirty years ago. districts, with a living apprecia- tion of the transcendentimpor- Repeatedly Mott has said: "I tance of getting hold of the boys. Let us all have a hand in this highly have learned to trust youth." multiplying work-that of relating Since the globe has become his par- boys in their plastic years, their ish he has learned to trust them vision-forming years, their idealwhatever their color, race or na- determining years, their habittionality. One of the most states- forming years-to the ever living manlike things he ever did was to Christ." establish a committee to promote friendly relations among foreign The Kingdom of God First students studying in America. He also had a large part in launching Gifted with qualities that would the notable work of the Interracial have made him a great statesman, Commission which promotes bet- educator, jurist, editor or business ter racial understanding between 2

man, John R. Mott has turned a illustrated by an incident that oc- deaf ear to the many appeals that curred a few years ago on a visit would remove him from the field to Manila that lasted only thirty of distinctive Christian work. hours but was historic. He ad- When he was a student at Cornell, dressed a convocation at the Uni- more than forty years ago, he made versity of the Philippines one a decision that completely changed afternoon, when the grandstand on the course of his life. One eve- the athletic field was filled with ning, coming in late at a crowded students and members of the fac- student meeting where the famous ulty, and hundreds more were Cambridge University cricketer, standing on either side of the plat- J. E. K. Studd, was speaking, he form. IDs subject was "Christ, as heard the following words: "Seek- our hope in overcoming tempta- est thou great things for thyself; tions." It was an unusual address seek them not." He heard little for a convocation of the University more, but this text led to a great but the students were very respon- soul struggle which resulted in his sive. He impressed all who heard decision to turn his back on the him as being on the Lord's business laW, the profession for which he and not his own.

WJl.S preparing. From that day he In International Affairs has done everything within his power to strengthen the Church Theodore Roosevelt described of Christ and build the Kingdom Mott as a man who had rendered of God on earth. To prove his most consistent, useful and disin- loyalty to the new purpose to which terested service in the United he dedicated his life, Mott has re- States and in many other coun- fused business offers that would tries. Chief Justice Taft has said: have given him a large income; he "There is no one of the present day has also declined college presiden- who has a greater world vision of cies and could not be persuaded to promoting the better side of all accept the high office of American men and more experience in fitting Minister to the Republic of China him to do so than Dr. Mott. Lead- which President Wilson urged him ers in centers of influence the to consider. world over are familiar with his "A man cannot be a Christian capacity and genius. This has alone," he has repeatedly main- made him a great agent in the tained as he has urged men and progress of civilization."

boys to avail themselves of the When the degree of Doctor of privileges of the church and Laws was conferred upon him at to take up the responsibilities. Princeton University in 1911, he Through him thousands of men was characterized as "a devisor of have thus been led to dedicate their national and international agen- lives to the Christian ministry at cies" and as "a traveler over four home or abroad. The Association continents in search of room for has been recognized as "an arm work." Twice he was sent on po- of the church" or "the Church's litical missions by President Wil- auxiliary" not as an independent son who regarded him "as one of organization. the most useful men in the world."

Dr. Mott's devotion to the cause In 1916 he was a member of the of Christ, above all other causes, is American and Mexican Joint Com-

JOHN R. MOTT-CHRISTIAN STATESMAN

mission to settle the difficulties be- ceived its chief stimulus in the be- tween the two countries and in ginning from him. Its aim was to 1917 he was a member of the Spe- establish self-supporting and self- cial Diplomatic Mission to Russia, propogating associations in the headed by Elihu Root. strategic cities of foreign lands un- He has been decorated many· der native leadership. A network times, for the distinctive services of modern buildings which serve as he has rendered. In addition to demonstration centers all over the those already mentioned, he has re- world testify to the success of the ceived the Imperial Order of Meiji enterprise.

of Japan, the Order of Polonia Matt's activity in the missionary Restituta of Poland, the Order of enterprise and his influence in or- the Saviour of Greece, the Order ganizing Christian forces in all of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem lands lea to his being regarded as and the Second Order of the Crown one of the most constructive re- of Siam. He is probably ac- ligious geniuses since John Wesley.

quainted personally with more His ability to unify and coordinate crowned heads and leaders of disorganized and unrelated forces State than any other living Amer- has resulted in effecting large econ- iean. It has been said that before amy, in the reduction of overlap- the war, he knew every prime min- ping, and in the minimizing of na- ister in Europe. tional and denominational friction.

Where in the history of Chris- The World Missionary Confer- tian work, has any other man held ence held in Edinburgh in 1910 five positions of major importance was planned to develop a program simultaneously? Dr. Mott has, at of closer cooperation and unity the same time, held the unique dis- among all evangelical churches.

tinction of being president of the Mott at forty-five was chairman of World's Alliance of the Young the conference which brought to- Men's Christian Associations, gether 1,200 delegates from all Chairman of the World's Student over the world. His work was so Christian Federation, Chairman of noteworthy that the University of the International Missionary Coun- Edinburgh conferred upon him the cil, General Secretary of the Na- degree of LL.D. even before the tional Council of the Young Men's convention was called to order.

Christian Associations of the This conference ended the policy United States, and Chairman of of separate action on the part of the Institute of Social and Re- mission societies in their approach ligious Research. For some years to the world task. Out of the con- he was also Chairman of the Ex- ference there sprang a Continua- ecutive Committee of the Student tion Committee, which "advanced Volunteer Movement and very ac- . by great strides the cause of in- tive in the Foreign Missions Con- ternational cooperation." As chair- ference of North America. Any man of this committee, Dr. Mott one of these positions would tax drew together in area after area, the capacities of an ordinary man. national missionary councils, both Foreign Misssion Activity in "sending" and in "receiving" countries. Those in China, Japan, The foreign work of the Young India, North Africa and Eastern Men's Christian Association re- Asia and Latin America. by the

incorporation of the indigenous a youth movement. Having taken churches, became National Christian Councils. These in turn were this step he does not hover around united in a great new organization to become "Chairman of the -t h e International Missionary Board" but he has already started Council, which last April closed its on a tour of India in connection remarkable sessions at Jerusalem. with his impo~tant duties as Chair- man of the International Mission- A Great New Task ary Council-a task of such urgent character as to require the exercise Recently Mott has resigned as of all his powers. He firmly be- General Secretary of the Associa- lieves that the Christian world sittion movement in the United uation demands that leaders every- State~, but it is not that he may where "re-think, re-state, re-interseek rest and settle down in the pret and apply the Christian messtuffy atmosphere of the study to sage, and, where necessary revise reminisce about the past. He has plans and methods." To this task resigned to make way for youth in he will now devote all his powers.

THE SECRET OF SUCCESS By JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., New York W HAT is the secret of obtaining the men and the women needed and the money required for missions? In every land and among all peoples, wherever Christ is exalted as the living Christ, people see that He should have right of way in themselves and full control of all that they have or ever may possess. It is inconceivable that the living Christ, who rose from the dead, should stand out in any company, or before any individual who acknowledges Christ, and not accomplish marvelous things-things that transcend all other experiences and that are sufficient to meet every need.

Why is it that in some colleges and seminaries, in certain homes and conventions, strong lives have been surrendered in such numbers, whereas, in other colleges and in other homes and conventions there have not been such offerings? The more deeply I have studied these cases, the more fully I have been convinced that the secret has been that in the former places Christ was lifted up, and in other cases He was not. In one case the conditions were complied with, and as a result He manifested Himself. Old things passed away, all things became new; the right motives asserted themselves and dominated. The men and the money needed were forthcoming.

The only method that will bring forward workers who will stand the test in the day of trial and temptation, the workers who recognize that they receive their call not from man, and not from a dead Christ, but from a living Christ, and the only way in which we can obtain the money needed, and that will not bring greater dangers than now surround us, is the lifting up of Christ. We must hold Him up in our own lives primarily, in our homes and churches, conventions and conferences, in our board meetings and committees. We will say less perchance about the motives and about the methods, and more about Him, and we will leave Him free to work.

If we will let the living Christ stand out in the central place, then we will have times of refreshing from His presence.

"I WAS IN PRISON AND YE CAME UNTO ME"

BY VINCENT J. STEFFAN Pri80n ChapZa.in-at-LMg6 in America "SIT down, young man, and tell I believe in all sane prison re- your story," said the warden forms. The old system of brutal- of a western Penitentiary, ity was a crime against society, as he looked into the eyes of his as well as against the executioner.

caller, .the Rev. Vincent J. Steffan, The coddling or pampering of the one-time gangster and society's prisoners is equally wrong. It fell outcast, but now the Prison Chap- to my lot to be punished frequent- lain-at-Iarge of America. The ly, while an inmate of prisons, and story told by this visitor as to his the reaction against brutish treat- rise from the depths of depravity ment was always bad. Much is to an honored place of an ordained being said about the contributing Christian minister, brought out causes of crime: heredity, disease, the warden's sympathetic response, and environment, but in my judg- for he himself had risen from a ment men are in prison simply be- common guard to the highest posi- cause they will lie, steal, cheat, and tion of authority. During the kill-hating the right and loving course of conversation, he said: the wrong.

"Prisoners should be treated with If the policy of prison manage- absolute justice; punished speed- ment fails to rectify this wrong ily when rules are violated, and attitude toward truth and law, encouraged and rewarded for good toward man and God, then the in- behaviour." The two were agreed mate is sure to be turned out upon that the old system of prison man- society in a worse state than when agement with its corporal punish- he entered the prison. We cite a ment, shaved head, s t rip e d recent example. A released pris- uniform, and lock-step, is a relic oner was placed in my care to se- of the past. The new system em- cure his employment. To my braces unlimited privileges of cor- astonishment, upon questioning respondence, sports in season, the man, I found him very bitter entertainment and movies, free to- against churches and preachers.

bacco, and other privileges. Both He said, "A preacher sent me to systems, however, fail to produce the penitentiary, and held out true reformation. against my securing pardon."

The writer spent twelve years Here was a case of a perverted in prisons as a prisoner, and since sense of justice. This fellow, in his conversion has devoted his life company with two other gangsters, to the ministry of the Gospel had held up the minister at the among the prisoners of America, point of a gun, relieving him of "that they also may obtain the his valuables. Because the minsalvation which is in Christ Jesus, ister did his duty as a citizen, this with eternal glory," (2 Timothy criminal claimed that he thereby 2: 10) with its accompanying dishonored the God he represented. According to the criminal the min- cheer and inspiration to good citi- ister should have failed to appear zenship. in court against him.

965

Having this perverted view of Lord Jesus Christ, a notable law and its enforcement, is the change in the prisoners' conduct criminal hopeless? I believe he is takes place. When the prisoner not. The real remedy and vital decides the son question, while still need is the presentation of the Gos- serving time, not only is the sin pel of the Grace of God, with its question settled, but he becomes a supernatural power to save and to model prisoner, and unconsciously keep. Show me the man who has prepares himself for the time of received Christ in his heart, and his release. He is able to start on I will show you the man who is a higher plane, with the Spirit of subject to discipline. "Christ is God in him and guiding him.

the end of the law for righteous- "I was let out of prison, and ye ness to everyone that believeth." Christians befriended me," he (Romans 10: 4.) should be able to say, for the great need at the present moment is a The messenger of God to pris- better feeling toward the man who oners should be a man who knows has "served time." Nothing should the Gospel by regenerating experi- be done to make it difficult for him ence, with ability to present it in to win an honest place among men. a safe and sane way, and one who knows life in the "Big House," be- Surely the man just out of prison ing familiar with the prisoners' is entitled to a fresh start in life, ways. without unnecessary prejudice In one of the principal eastern toward him because of his past. state penitentiaries, the lax meth- Our Prison Association aims to ods of government, with failure to perform a duty which is incorpoenforce discipline, resulted in such rated in the Great Commission of deplorable conditions that one of our blessed Lord. Thus the friendthe officers said: "In those days less prisoner finds a friend who we were not so much afraid of the has faith in him. The Gospel is prisoners, as the guards themselves preached in penal and correctionduring the grave-yard shift. Not al institutions throughout the infrequently, when addressing the United States; Bibles, Testaments, prisoners, we were obliged to as- Gospels, and suitable literature are sume an apologetic attitude toward freely distributed among these oththem, lest we hurt their feelings !" erwise neglected men and women. A complete change was effected This ministry has been owned and when a military type of system blessed of God in a marked way. was introduced. In place of drug Many outstanding cases of conand booze traffic, with its horrible version, including that of notoriresults, along with confusion and ous criminals, might be described. disorder, there was established or- Interesting indeed are the workder and discipline. This was ings of the Holy Spirit in the transbrought about by the selection of formation of the lives of those a genuine leader who gathered hardened through sin. * about him an unusual class of men for his assistants. .. The Vincent J. Steffan Prison Association, This is a great need of our pris- 804 VitherspOoll Building, Philadelphia, Penn- sylvania, will be glad to lllail to anyone inons throughout the country, and terested a free copy of its quarterly leaflet, when· it is linked with instruction which giv('s in brief form a survey of its acin simple faith in God, through the tivIties and prison visitations, also the, story of n modern miracle of grace, as seen m the life of Prisoner Number 27975.

CHURCHES AND WORLD

BY MRS. JEANNETTE W. EMRICH, New York ~;eoretary oj Oommission on International Justice and Good Will.. Federal OounaU oj Ohurches "The business of the Church is to make my business impossible."

-GENERAL HAIG.

T HE building of friendship, 4. The members of the confer- understanding and good will ence should, if possible, be officially has a definite part in the new designated by their respective program of the church. Mission- churches and should report back aries will have a difficult time in a the findings and recommendations country that dislikes America and of the conference for church conthat feels that we misunderstand sideration and action.

it and are unjust in our attitude 5. The chairman of the confertoward it. The building of world ence, as a rule, should not be the peace is a responsibility of the chairman of the Findings Commit- Church today. Is your church tee. He should help the conference thinking seriously on this matter? to do its best thinking and be re- sourceful in securing equal par- One effective method is to hold ticipation by all in the discussion. LOCAL STUDY CONFERENCES in which the leaders in the churches 6. Local conditions must determay directly face the urgent ques- mine the period of the conference. tions of the day and may share in If possible, it should continue at framing the needed policies. least two days. Discussion topics should be carefully selected and Suggestions for Local Conferences should not be too vague or too numerous for thorough work. 1. The conference should range if possible between fifty and one 7. It will probably be better to hundred members. Should more frame two or even three findings desire to participate, it will prob- on the point in question, in order ably be better to hold two confer- that conscientious convictions may ences in different sections of the be adequately expressed. city. 8. The individual c h u r c h e s 2. Should the conference much should be invited to send delegates, exceed fifty, it would probably be the number from each church beadvantageous to divide into two ing stated. Care should be taken groups for the preliminary discus- that women and young people are sions and tentative formulation of adequately represented. findings. 9. The syllabus of the Washing- 3. The Findings Committee ton Study Conference on the should not exceed five; three in Churches and World Peace, which most cases will be able to do better was well fitted for its purpose, has work. They should be chosen with been reprinted, and might well be a view to their familiarity with the used by regional conferences. Here problems of world justice and are given" a large number of urgent peace, and to their ability to use topics, presented in qUestion form, accurate English, compact sen- calculated to stimulate thought and tences and clear style.

967

discussion. The syllabus can be sued by the Federal Council declarhad in quantity at ten cents a copy. ing our belief: [Address Continuation Committee, National 1. That war should be renounced and Study Conference on Churches and World never again be resorted to by civilized Peace, 105 East 22d Street, New York, N, Y.] nations as the means for settling dis- putes, enforcing national claims or seek- Church Cooperation ing national objectives.

In December the PARIS PEACE 2. That war should be made a crime PACT, which is now before the by specific provision of international law. world, comes before the Senate of the United States for ratification. 3. That the settlement of every threat- All responsible nations have been ening dispute, whatever its nature, invited to agree in .solemn treaty should never be sought except by pacific to renounce war as a means of set- means. tling disputes. 4. That even regarding disputes which It was signed in Paris on August the nations involved may not be ready 27, 1928, by representatives of the to submit to arbitration or judicial set- United States and fourteen other tlement, they should nevertheless pledge nations. Forty-nine additional na- themselves not to resort to war. tions have also been invited to sign this Peace Pact. 5. That solemn engagements pledging the good faith of the nations in these Its essential features are in the vital matters are essential to the developfollowing two articles: ment of the spirit of mutual confidence which must precede a general movement Art. I. The high contracting parties for thorough-going disarmament. solemnly declare in the names of their respective peoples that they condemn We therefore respectfully express to recourse to war for the solution of in- President Coolidge and the Senate our ternational controversies, and renounce earnest hope and desire that the mulit as an instrument of national policy in tilateral treaty for renouncing war as their relations with one another. an instrument of national policy, now before the nations, may be promptly Art. II. The high contracting parties ratified. agree that the settlement or solution of all disputes or conflicts, of whatever na- If the Senate has not already passed ture or of whatever origin they may be, on this question send in which may arise among them, shall never be sought except by pacific means. a. Signatures from your group. b. Ask your friends to sign. Secretary Kellogg has said: "In c. Write a short personal letter to the name of the Government of the your two United States Senators in sup- United States, I bespeak the con- port of this Peace Pact. tinued support of every church in the present movement for the pro- [Printed copy of the Memorial may be semotion of world peace." eured by writing to 105 East 22d Street, New York, N. Y.l Has your church signed the Memorial issued by the Cause and A Four Weeks' Study Course of the Cure of War or the Memorial is- Multilateral Anti-War Pact of Paris. sued by the Federal Council of called "The Proposal to Renounce War," Churches endorsing this multi- is also available. lateral anti-war treaty? How well informed are the wom- Broadway Tabernacle sent in a en in your church in regard to this thousand signatures, practically all great forward step to abolish war? its church members signing. You will want to know something of the background of the move- The following is the endorse- ment. You will want to be clear ment given in the Memorial is- about the problems involved in the proposal. You will want to under- stand the real significance of the treaty when adopted.

[Reference books and pamphlets are sug~ gested In this stndy pamphlet. Price 15 cents, Address Commission on International Justice and Good Will, 105 East 22d Street New York, N. Y.l • Where can we secure a leader for such a course?

THE CHURCHES AND WORLD PEACE

1. Your pastor. The following is from the chapter, 2. Your delegate to the Cause "What you can do for Peace" : and Cure of War. "Radio.-A radio school on interna- 3. From the International Rela- tional relations is being conducted by Mills College. tions Department of your local Woman's Club. "A radio forum has been .one of the successful ventures of the Pennsylvania 4. The Y. W. C. A. Branch of the W. I. L. 5. League of Women Voters, etc. "The 'radio teas' are a special inven- Read and discuss the follow- tion of the Southern California Council ing International Ideals of the on International Relations in order that Churches of Christ in America: its members may make the best possible use of the half hour on Friday after- I. We Believe that nations no less noons that they furnish speakers for a than individuals are subject to God's im- local station. mutable moral laws. "Libraries.-In addition to the exten- II. We Believe that nations achieve sive classified bibliography covering all true welfare, greatness and honor only phases of the peace movement, we find through just dealing and unselfish serv- in this book an account of the 'Internaice. tional Mind Alcoves' furnished by the Carnegie Foundation; of certain travel- III. We Believe that nations that re- ing libraries; of the Handy Shelf of gard themselves as Christian have spe- latest books on international relations; cial international obligations. and of 'The Children's Tour Around the Globe.' IV. We Believe that the spirit of Christian brotherliness can remove every "Armistice Day.-A children's interunjust barrier of trade, color, creed and national party for the afternoon of race. Armistice Day is a brilliant Buggestion that has come from Pasadena. V. We Believe that Christian patriotism demands the practice of good "Ottawa, Canada, developed a shopwill between nations. window display to show the desolation and waste of war and the economic in- VI. We Believe that international terdependence that has followed the war. policies should secure equal justice for all races. "Good Will Day.-The use of May 18, appointed by the World Federation of VII. We Believe that all nations Educational Associations as World Good should associate themselves permanently Will Day, varies from 'The Internafor world peace and good will. tional Night' arranged by the Lions Club of Rock Springs, Wyoming, to the 'Fes- VIII. We Believe in international tival of Nations' in Southern California law, and in the universal use of inter- and the 'Dance of Nations' which the national courts of justice and boards of Cleveland Press promotes. arbitration. "Menwrial Day.-The extension of IX. We Believe in a sweeping reduc- Memorial Day observance to include the tion of armaments by all nations. 'heroes of social construction' has be- come the practice in Cincinnati and else- X. We Believe in a warless world, where; 'Miners, railroaders, builders, and dedicate ourselves to its achieve- electricians, mechanics, firemen, policement. men, explorers, physicians, nurses, moth- ers, and others upon whose risks and Do they relate themselves to the sufferings life depends, form an army study material in your Home and larger than any fighting force of which Foreign Missions Textbook? history has record.'

BETWEEN WAR AND PEACE "Schools.-The chapter on the promo- tion of international understanding What do you know about new through the schools and colleges is one methods? Under this question, the of the richest chapters in the book. We new technique that is being devel- will not minimize its importance by an oped in the peace movement is con- attempt to give here any impression of its contents.

sidered in a handbook for peace "The Church and Peace" and workers, which is now on sale by Macmillan Co. Mrs. Florence "Women and Peace" are two other Brewer Boeckel, the author, has very full chapters but they are spent a solid year on the book. hardly more important than the chapters discussing the relations

of commerce, labor, farmers, war e. Colonial expansion. Comveterans and young people respec- pare English and Spanish tively to the great issue of our American policy. time. f. Modern war s between Part three of the book com- Christian nations. prises what Mrs. Boeckel calls "Introductions to further study of in- 2. Are missions favored or hinfluences for and against world dered by peace? peace." These influences include a. In above list compare and the efforts that are being made to contrast the Christian organize the world for peace missionary with the Mothrough the League of Nations, hammedan m iss i 0 nthe World Court, the outlawry of ary. The Buddhist miswar, arbitration and international sionary. law; and national policies affect- b. Is there any difference being peace such as the development tween policy of Catholic of our military establishment, the and Protestant? Monroe Doctrine, nationalism, imperialism and immigration. The 3. Do missions really help make nature and cost of modern war are for peace? freshly described. The book ends a. Is a foreign missionary with the chapter on "What You entitled to military protec- Can Do For Peace," and the bibli- tion from horne? ography. b. Has Christian missionary activity prepared the way FIJ~~c~o~~e~~~1,b53~ei~~td s~~e:t~dN~,V~V;~h: for civil wars in China? For the Indian national ngton, D. C. Price $2.5Q. movement?

An excellent "Discussion Outline 4. When missions means the sendon War and Peace" can be found ing of really superior people, in the Epworth Herald of July called missionaries, to help 7th. It will be found helpful in those of inferior opportunities, guiding a discussion, in locating are missions justified? the problem and arriving at the solution. 5. What is the real purpose of missions? International Relationships and Missions 6. How do the religious affilia- tions of the people in a nation The following outline is offered influence our attitude? Italy, by the United Christian Mission- Turkey, England, etc. ary Society, Indianapolis, Indiana, under the theme "Social Adven- Peace Education in Your Church tures with Jesus." What one church has done to cultivate National relations and missions. International Good Will. Broadway 1. Discuss the national movements Tabernacle (Ne'v York). Council of In- that have hindered or helped ternational Good Will. missions. a. Per sec uti 0 n of early An increasing conviction has church by Roman and Jewish authorities. come to many of the followers of b. The loss of prestige of the Roman Empire, 4th to 7th Christ that they have a responsi- centuries. c. The Crusades. bility for the attitude of His d. Medireval wars in Europe. Church towards International Re- lations.

ORGANIZATION.-The Council of International Good Will was initi- ated by Dr. Jefferson and heid its first meeting on January 16, 1925.

Its membership was made up of two representatives from each of the five large organizations in the Church; the Sunday-school, the Young People's Society of Chris- tian Endeavor, the Women's Club, the Society for Women's Work and the Men's League. The

Church Committee and the BJard It has suggested subjects for of Trustees are also represented on meetings and activities suitable this Council. The assistant pastor for the different groups in the is likewise a member. A Chair- Church and furnished speakers man, Secretary and Treasurer, when desirable. All of the orand a Secretary of Literature ganizations have adopted the were then elected. "Creed on International Ideals" and have endorsed the activities A FOURFOLD OBJECTIVE.-It is suggested by the Council. the Council's purpose to: MEETINGS AND PROJECTS SPON- 1. Encourage the study and discussion SORED.-Typical meetings headed of international problems in the various by various clubs and societies organizations of the Church. were: Discussion of the World Court; Discussion of "Interna- 2. Establish a shelf of helpful books, tional Ideals"; Discussion of the for such sV.ldy, in the Church library. Fellowship of Youth for Peace; Discussion of a Trip Around the 3. Assist in initiating and developing WorId; Discussion of Racial Re- Armistice Day programs. lationship in the United States; Discussion of the Lausanne Treaty; 4. Influence the action of the Church Discussion of the Use in the Bible membership on World Peace. School of Songs, Poems and Stories with an International Point of EDUCATIONAL EFFECT. – The View, calculated to bring about Council was organized to meet understanding and appreciation of monthly, on a regular day. Wednes- the peoples of other lands. day was chosen because of the supper group already meeting at RESULTS.-It would be imposthat time. The value of these sible to enumerate all of the results regular meetings of the Council to of these three years of effort or to its members and through them to estimate how much of the result of the organizations has been shown information and education was due in many ways. to the Council or to the other agencies in the Church or to the The Council has familiarized teaching from the pulpit. Certhem with available literature tainly some prejudices have been from the Federal Council of obliterated, sympathies widened Churches and other Church and and horizons lifted-the effect of peace societies and also with the the organized effort of the Broadoutput of material from denomina- way Tabernacle Council of Intertional headquarters, and has in- national Good Will. formed them about national and international movements working Methods for Children toward World Peace. FRIENDSHIP PROJECTS. – Infor- It has encouraged reports of the mation can be secured from the members on the activities of the Committee on World Friendship organizations which they repre- among Children, 289 Fourth Avesent and arranged for groups to nue, New York, N. Y. take charge of such activities as circulating petitions and obtaining The story of the first project signatures to them; for example, with Japan is told in a well-illusthe petition on the United States trated volume now under preparajoining the World Court of International Justice, the petition on the limitation of the Naval Building Program, and the Memorial on the Briand Peace Proposal.

tion. It will be ready the early school children. Six boys' bags and part of 1929. six girls' bags. Classes to organ- ize by grades, each grade to take a The second project with the bag. One committee to provide the children of Mexico ends this money to purchase the bag, the month (December). One result other to provide the gifts. Typehas been the writing into the cur- written lists of gifts, copied from riculum of the primary schools in the March Everyland, were given Mexico a course on World Friendship among Children. A reciprocal each Chairman. All gifts to be friendship project is planned for brought in on May sixth and 1929. Mexico plans to send 49 packed ready to send by the combeautiful exhibits of the Arts and mittees at the last meeting. Industries of that country, one for each state in the United States and Educational Work: Each Chairone for Washington. They will be man in order to interest the group placed eventually, as were the must be able to explain the project Japanese dolls, in the children's and also to tell some interesting museums in each state. facts about Mexico. The Chair- men under eight years of age can The third' project has not yet ask an older boy or girl to help them. The boys and girls over been decided upon. Committees on eight must do the work them- World Friendship among Children are to be organized in other coun- selves. tries with the idea of a possible international cooperation on a proj- Program Materials ect. "Eighteenth of May." History of its A Friendship Committee of the Observance as Peace Day, by Lyra D. Church School was organized in Trueblood. Washington, A mer i can the Church of the Heavenly Rest, Peace Society, 1915. 12 pp. 5 cents. New York, N. Y. This report of it was given: "A Model Assembly of the League of Nations." New York, League of Na- Class Organization: Each class tions Non-Partisan Association, March, a Friendship Committee. Officers 1927. 9 pp. 5 cents. -Chairman, Secretary and Treasurer. Meetings – at close of "School Exercise for the Observance Church School session subject to of the Eighteenth of May." Arranged by call of the chair. Fannie Fern Andrews. (Boston, Amer- ican School Citizenship League.) 4 pp. School Organization: Commit- No charge. tee of the Whole. Adult Chairman, Members made up of the "Suggestions for Peace Programs in Class Chairmen. Subject to call of Schools, Colleges and Other Peace Meetthe chair, meetings to be held after ings." Sixth Edition, 1927. Philadel- phia, Committee on Peace and Service, the Church School session. Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of Friends, Report of Work: Twelve bags to 1927. 6 pp. 2 cents.

be sent to our friends the Mexican "The World Today." 1928. 12 Maps especially prepared by James G. Mc- Donald of the Foreign Policy Associa- tion, 18 East 41st Street, New York, N. Y. Price 10 cents. These are neces- sary and valuable in the study of any country. An excellent one of Africa will prove helpful this year.

OPEK AIR CO~IlfUNION · SERVICE IN OKE OF THE BANZA

OUTSTATIONS IN THE BELGIAN CONGO AFRICAN LEADERSHIP FOR AFRICA BY REV. JOHN E. GEIL, VENTNOR, N. J.

T HE new and changing Africa bring men and women everywhere is confronted with social, to Jesus Christ is the supreme economic, political and re- business of the Christian Church.

ligious problems. The Christian Men and women are needed who Church is, or should be, especially can and will teach and preach and concerned about the last of these live the Gospel. These teachers and which calls for Christian evangel- preachers of the Word with all its ism and education. A godless saving power and fulness must not civilization and a Christless re- be simply a few "foreign" missionligion will never save Africa from aries who are scattered here and decay and destruction. A form of there, but natives themselves who religion without knowledge and have received and appropriated the without power and a smattering of gospel message and are fully prelearning without stability of Chris- pared by nature, training and a tian character will not help, much divine call to propagate it. It less save, Africa. It is one thing to therefore becomes a matter of conrelease a people from their re- siderable importance to know to ligious moorings and superstitious what extent we have such leaders and heathenish rites and customs and to what extent we may have and another thing to keep them them.

from drifting on the rocks with- Not many of the sons and out chart, compass, pilot or haven. daughters of Africa have become The hope of Africa and of the great religious leaders or attained world today is in Jesus Christ and to prominence of any sort in the His saving power and grace. To eyes of the world. However, in any 973

just consideration and estimation whether regarded as a part of of Christian native workers in evangelistic work or apart from it, Africa we must keep in mind the is absolutely necessary to conserve fact that we are for the most part the results of evangelistic effort.

dealing with,immature Christians Evangelistic work itself is limited of the 'second cor third generation in kind and extent to the supply who were poorly prepared for the of well-trained native leaders and reception of the Gospel with all its workers. Becaqse there has been exacting and revolutionizing de- a lack of proper balance and pro, mands. They deserve to be judged portion in mission work in Africa, and estimated by the same stand- the Christian Church is facing ards which are applied to other glorious opportunities with de- races at the same stage of develop- ficient and defective leadership.

ment. We can hardly expect them The universal cry is for more to possess in large measure all the leaders and workers while the rank virtues and graces but it is a satis- and file of the native church are faction to find them in possession groveling in the dark in the midst of many of them and to know that of delusions, snares and pitfalls they have t,he capacity for becom- and the masses remain unsaved.

ing good Christian workers and Materialism, atheism, Mohammed- leaders. The eternal Spirit of God anism, Catholicism, and nation- is brooding over and working in alism are saluting and beckoning.

the hearts and lives of Africans, False prophets and such as would bringing them from savagery and do them hurt and harm are spring- barbarism to lives of usefulness ing up in the name of the Lord and and service for their Master and are deceiving the very elect.

for their fellowmen. This trans- . In attempting to point out what formation from darkness to light seems to be a weakness and danger which is taking place at an un- we are not unmindful of the splen- c precedented rate is attended with did work which has been done. In opportunities, problems and dan- the Belgian Congo where the work gers which demand the closest at- was begun fifty years ago among tention and best effort of the an animistic and primitive people, Christian Church. who seemed to be and were de- It has become evident to Chris- clared by some to be hopeless, there tian statesmen and educators who are now evangelists and teachers have studied Africa that enough i)f ability and power who are fill- attention has not been given to ing large places and carrying big native leadership without which responsibilities. Much of the Africa cannot progress or survive. church work is directed, controlled Without saying that evangelism and supported by the natives them- has been or can be overemphasized selves. They have also a large it is safe to say that in some in- share in carrying on school and stances, perhaps in many, too much medical work. One native of or- effort has been put forth in getting dinary intelligence and limited people into the church and not training began and established a enough in taking care of them new work in a new section which after they are there. Educational was far removed from his own and institutional work of the right country and people and for a num- kind and in the right proportion, ber of years carried it on alone

AFRICAN LEADERSHIP FOR AFRICA

in the face of opposition and per- Spirit of God and their own resecution. Natives have with cred- sources. We dare not be content it to themselves looked after the to have simply helpers, assistants work of stations while mission- and agents, but we must press on aries have been on furlough. The towards the goal of the high callpity of it is that there are not more ing which is to be found in a body of these raithful and efficient of men and women who are workers. May it riot be that we numerous enough and resourceful have at times been" t()O much con- enough to meet the needs of the cerned with the appilluse "which Church in every way. The greatest comes from reporting converts, need of the Christian Church apart that we have found it easier and from the abiding presence of the A GROUP OF NA'l'IVE WORKERS IN ATTENDANCE AT ONE OF 'i'HE REGULAR IfONTIILY ~mETINGS OF THE BANZA lIIANTEKA CHURCH IN THE BELGIAN CONGO pleasanter to push out into the be- Spirit of God is for native leaders yond rather than to confine and who are well trained and thoroughapply ourselves to the exacting ly Christian and will raise up tci task of training leaders. that we themselves an intelligent, well-tohave preferred to be masters do. strong body of men and women rather than advisors and counsel- who as laymen will constitute the lors, that we have over-emphasized backbone of the church and share the inexperience of the natives and in the bearing of its burdens, and failed to recognize and utilize their in the providing of a Christian enworth and capabilities? The na- vironment which will uplift and tives are seeking light and help ennoble character. but are not demanding places of trust and leadership. In fact they It is generally recognized and must be forced to rely upon the admitted that the native of Africa is not inherently deficient in the

essential qualities of Christian of teachers and members of the leadership. The few leaders whom church who assisted him in the we now have point to the many singing of Gospel hymns and in the whom we might have. It has been offering of prayer which preceded said that the discovery of one his work of healing which was done diamond indicates diamondiferous in the name of Jesus of Nazareth soil. The native of Africa who has and was attended by violent shak- become a new man in Christ Jesus ings on his part and on the part of has a passion for souls and for all who followed in his train.

service based upon the urgency of Much of the teaching of Kibangu the Gospel, he has organizing and of those who pretended to ability and a capacity for adminis- share with him in his divine com- trative work, he has a retentive mission was good. Fetishism, memory and the power to acquire witchcraft, polygamy, drunken- knowledge quickly and correctly, ness, dancing etc., were forbidden he has a capacity for friendship and in many instances were given and skill in dealing with men and up. Prayer and praise and worship situations, he has unlimited pa- were encouraged and enjoined.

tience, indomitable courage, tenac- Those who were to share in the ity of purpose, a sense of humor, great deliverance which was com- fluency of speech and an intense ing must get right with God religious sense which shows itself through the forsaking of their evil in deeds and not creeds. If the soil ways and unite with the church is properly tilled and the right seed and continue steadfastly in the is wisely sown, there is no part of prophet's teaching and in prayer.

the world where we can count with When the movement was sup- greater certainty on a mighty re- pressed by the government and the turn than amongst the pagan and prophets and their main supporters animistic tribes of the so-called were carried into exile their last dark continent. words of admonition to their fol- It might be well in this connec- lowers were that they should not tion to review briefly the life and weep or lament for them but watch work of Simon Kibangu who and pray and wait without waver- originated the "prophet move- ing and without doubting.

ment" and showed in a wonderful Apart from a few sections in way. the capacity of the native for which the prophet movement de- leadership. veloped an anti-white feeling, it Simon Kibangu was an obscure has been highly beneficial to evan- member of the church who was not gelism and the work of the church.

suspected by anybody of having The revival on the Congo is due qualities of leadership. He claimed largely if not entirely to the proph- to have a revelation from God with et movement. While the prophets instructions to preach and heal. have necessarily disappeared and He began this work in a near-by with them the outward manifesta- . village but was soon obliged to con- tions of the movement except such fine it to his own village where he as cannot be distinguished from the was visited by multitudes who work of the church, yet the parting flocked to him from far and near in words of the prophets linger in the quest of healing and help. He en- minds and hearts of the people who listed the confidence and services are awaiting the promised deliver-

ance from all oppression and in ac- Kibangu as being a true prophet .cord with the instructions of the and as such had a following second prophets are seeking to prepare only to that of Kibangu. With a the way of the Lord through big following he marched one Sunchurch membership. Whether con- day morning into a village in which sciously or unconsciously the the writer was holding special church has profited from the work meetings. As evidence of his high and teachings of the prophets and calling and commission he began the awakened interest and en- to shake violently evidently expectthusiasm which has resulted there- ing to arrest the attention of all from in the work of the church and the people and put himself in kingdom. To be sure reaction will follow sooner or later and the last- JOSHUA WA~IBA ing benefits will be determined not by the number of children of de- , toordanr!~I~e~hSOla~8e g'~~n:n:t~~e80~~B8e~:~~ luded hopes who have been admitted into the church without a Iy to proclaiming the freedom wherewith change of heart and life but by the Christ makes free . extent to which we have been enabled to bring them into the full charge of the meetings leaving the light of the Gospel and guide and missionary and his party to stand establish them in the truth as it is idly by in wonder and amazement. in Christ Jesus. In remonstrating with him I was told that we missionaries ought to Whatever else Kibangu may rejoice and be glad to see him and have been he was a great and suc- others doing so effectively the work cessful leader who secured and of the Lord which evidently we had maintained on his own account un- wanted to do and had been unable til his downfall and banishment to do, at least in such a large way. (which were doubtless brought He said we had given them the about 'by his growing fame and word of God and now they were popularity and indiscretions and using it effectively as we had excesses which resulted therefrom) such a following as no man, white or black, ever had in the Congo. Yet he was a man of ordinary standing in the church and town and unsuspected of having qualities of leadership. Who can say what the church has lost in failing to find, train and employ a man of such gifts and powers? There are many natives in Africa with latent qualities of leadership which through Christian education should be mobilized and capitalized in the work of the church and king- dom. Kibangu had a brother by the name of Ntwalani who also became a prophet and was recognized by 3

taught them. An old medal chief bind him and lift him up to higher and his advisors whom I was try- planes of purity and service where ing to persuade to keep out of the he may exercise to the full all his movement and away from it used God-given powers. Indigenous the same argument. He insisted Christianity such as Africa needs that the prophets were actually do- and must have must be propagated ing what the missionaries had been by the natives themselves. If mis- wanting to do and had been trying sionaries fail in the finding and in vain for years to do. Certainly developing of men and women who it was of the' Lord and worthy of can be entrusted with the highest our support. Why should not the positions and carryon the work Lord grant deliverance to them of the church in its entirety they through their own leaders and en- fail utterly and completely. The trust His work to them even as he success of a missionary today in did to the Israelites? Africa is not to be determined by The great need of Africa today the number of years of service is for leadership which is com;- which he has had, or the hardships petent and Christian and the great which he has endured, or the num- work of the missionary is to assist ber whom he has added to the in the spe'edy production of thi,s church roll or by his popularity leadership. If the country is to be as a speaker or writer but by the saved for Christ and His church, number of competent native lead- missionary work must at least keep ers whom he has discovered and pace with scientific, commercial trained and put to work for the and industrial progress. Atheism Master. It is a sad fact which is does not thrive in Africa except becoming more generally known amongst certain of the white popu- that great powers of self-propaga- lation. The African has a faith in tion lie latent in African churches God and a zeal for God which need -powers of leadership and initia- only to be tempered by a true tive which, if evoked, confirmed knowledge of God to make him a and utilized would enable the fearless and effective worker. It church to enter the wide-open doors becomes the church to free him and possess the land which the speedily from the shackles that Lord our God has given it.

SOME AFRICAN PROVERBS In order to understand the wisdom of a people, it is necessary to study their proverbs. Here are some African proverbs that show wisdom, brevity and force: "The weasel has pride, the snake having gone out of its hole" (When the cat is away, the mice will play).

"Pots are made while the clay is in good condition" (Make hay while the sun shines).

"The cow licks the one that licks her" (Kindness brings its own reward).

"The potter eats out of a broken kettle" (The shoemakers' children go worst shod).

DR. C. E. WEST.

THROUGH CHINESEl.EYES*

BY TIMOTHY TINGFANG LEW, PH.D., Peking, China Dean Faculty of Theology (1921-6) "ren('/ting U'ni'Ver8ity~ Pekimg President of Grneral Board, C'll ina C'hriSti.n1J, Edu(JatiQna~ AS8o(Jiation FOUR factors in the situation restoration of China's rights has in China have important bear- made such headway in China to- ing upon the future policy of day. Some sophisticated people missions and the Christian Church generously give the credit to the in China. Many of the elements Russians, not knowing the quiet are temporary, even fleeting, but influence of textbooks which the four promise permanency and youth of the last twenty-five years growing power. have studied in their classrooms day in and day out and the labor First, the nationalized youth. of the school masters in China. If Nationalism has become a passion we fail to appreciate this factor, and almost a religion, replacing we shall be taken unawares. time-honored systems of ethics and religious faiths. It commands the The second factor in the present whole activity and becomes the cen- China situation is the organized ter of the absorbed attention of mass. Often has the question been the younger generation. Textbooks raised when foreigners discuss vahave been gradually but steadily rious movements in China: how revised and new ones have been much does such-and-such movewritten to embody this thought of ment affect the coolies or the farmnationalism. Games, plays are be- ers or the day laborers? Until reing devised to educate the little cently the answer has been "Very tots of three or four to illustrate little-a few students or returned this central theme. Normal train- students stir up all the trouing given to teachers also makes ble." But the situation is changed. this note predominant. Children It is far easier now to make the now begin their day's work stand- mass know and care than might ing at attention with bowed head be supposed. before the picture of the national hero, hear his last will read, and Organization of masses to act en some aspects of the political doc- bloc is not at all "a new invention trines of nationalism are ex- imported from Russia"! We have pounded by their teachers. School had that for the last 300 years. principals who are not nationalists It was that weapon with which the are removed. Manchu rule was overthrown. The only difference is between the se- It was only twenty years ago crecy in the past and the openness when a few quiet writers of text- in the present. In the next few books incorporated into these texts years one may witness the rapidly the stories of how China lost her organized laborers, farmers, coolies harbors, foreign concessions, and in working units, efficient and powall other grievances. People won- erful, subject to influence of suggesdered why the movement for the tion, useful to demigods, yet with • P,.J"('('rptR from 1111 addr('RR dr1ircr('d rtf t1l(' ThirtY-fifth Fardyn J{isxiallJl (lrm.frTf'11(,f'.

979

great possibilities for progress and the other. Such a group may have welfare of the nation if they come all the defects of autocracy and is under good influence. not free from many of the defects The third factor in the present of inefficiency, but it is neverthe- situation is the popularization of less achieving results.

the technique of propaganda. The All these four factors will have first two factors could not have the important bearing upon the mishope of effective accomplishment sionary work in China, and, there- . were it not for the adoption of the fore, we cannot discuss our future new technique of propaganda. The missionary policy profitably with- Chinese have learned how to adopt out constantly keeping these four a platform, how to state things factors before our minds.. simply and with effectiveness, so that those who run may read, or In missionary work we have dethose who are slow may be im-· veloped a set of standards, methods pressed. They are taking the and technique to deal with differ- ent situations. They are perfectly things out of devious logic and are logical and correct, but China is handing them out to the people going through a period of transthrough efficient salesmanship. In a remarkably short time they have formation and social and spiritual achieved some wonderful results. revolution. The application of rem- eindgiestotocuwstroomngaryconnodritmioanls~eatchcoodrds- In a few years the conquest of China by different ideas will bring about intensive mental warfare in does not bring the desired results: The insisteI1ce upon such applica- Chinese minds. The fourth factor in the present tion without variation is harmful. aFosr~uedxeanmtpilne, in normal conditions situation is the rising authority of school, and especiaU; the committee system. In the last twenty years Chinese minds have a hIgh school student, has no busigone through three distinctive ness to meddle with politics. His changes of authority. The imperial duty is to study; to strike for system· of government centered all political reforms is, according to authority upon the imperial ruler, normal judgment, to be prohibited from whom a hierarchy of official- and severely dealt with. But China dom resulted, the members of is not in a normal condition. T-he which derived their authority from high .school boy in China may, in him. Each member in the group certam cases, have not only the derived his authority from the one right but the duty to take part in next above him. The authority of the national politics. officialdom together with the au- Bearing in mind the powerful thority of seniority of age in fam- factors in the Chinese situation illes and village system rules the and the dangers that are lurking around, may I outline a few of the life of the people. But recently a third form of au- dir~ctions in missionary policy thority has gradually been tried WhICh we may profitably discuss out and takes the place of indi- in our study of the situation in vidual leadership, that is the lead- China? They represent roughly ership of committees or of a the desires and hopes of many committee of leaders working to- thoughtful Chinese Christians who gether as a group, each watching are true friends of missionaries

LOOKING THROUGH CHINESE EYES

and the missions, as well as loyal Chinese today is not merely, "What members of the Chinese Church. shall I do that I may be saved?"

First, education for "home con- but also "What shall I do that our stituency" should take a new direc- nation may be saved?"

tion. It seems to me that the time Fourth, the Mission Boards is ripe to initiate a new program should continually take a very firm for missionary education, more stand on the rigid application of thoroughgoing in the change of Christian principles in interna- emphasis than any of the splendid tional relationship and try to help effort already made so far. Try China to achieve success in her to educate the home constituency struggle to obtain an untrammeled on the principle of spiritual inter- development, social and national.

dependence between the East and A study of the· sentiment of the the West. Shift the emphasis from Chinese Christians may be helpful the principle of paternal sympathy to those who have to make deci- and aid to that of fraternal coop- sions at home to find out some of eration and mutual endeavor to the lines that would indicate the build up a family of nations in the procedure to be taken.

Kingdom of God. Fifth, in mission and church gov- Second, the period of missionary ernment immediate beginnings training should be lengthened. should be made to change the whole Every missionary sent out to China program from the basis of over- should have adequate training in sight to the basis of cooperation.

democratic citizenship and the The position of a missionary in the technique of practical application field should be changed from that of Christianity in social, industrial of the teacher to that of the coach and political problems. Longer of an athletic team. Every part of furlough may be helpful, during the program and policy should give which scholarships should be pro- help to the movement of the in- vided for further study, and depu- digenous church. A coach directs tation speaking should be reduced the team, yet he is not the captain.

to a minimum. When the team wins the game, the Third, it may become necessary coach is not asked to go to the plat- that every missionary in China form to receive applause, but when should either become a naturalized the team goes wrong, the coach is Chinese or temporarily renounce the first name mentioned. But his foreign citizenship. If we hope everybody knows that the team that Christianity will really help owes everything to the coach and the birth and growth of a new na- the coach is absolutely indispen- tion in China, as it is the chief sable so long as there is a team that hope of the Chinese today, then 'needs coaching.

whosoever engages in Christian Sixth, in financial help the basis work in China in the next few dec- should be changed from that of ades must be imbued with the gift to that of sharing. There hopes and enthusiasms for her na- should be three kinds of mission- tional program and be able to help ary aid. The first is aid both in to guide and to correct the abuses man power and in finance; second, and wrong tendencies by a vigor- only man power without finance, ous application of Christian prin- that is to say, without finance be- ciples. The passionate cry of the yond the salary of the person; the

third, only finance without man The lesser great will surely have power. All these three types will a hard time. It may be necessary be needed. They should be equally respected and supported without for the mission boards, in the next discrimination. The third type few years, to help the missionaries may be increasingly important. The principle of no representation to make decisions which they may without taxation is a right and safe find it difficult to make in the field. rule to follow in normal human relations, but in the missionary Eighth, be prepared to make situation in China for the next few radical adjustments. There are decades, the best way may not be the normal and human way, but many adjustments ahead of us. the supernormal-the divine way. Try to make adjustment just a step In the transitional period of mission devolution this may be re- ahead of the situation that dequired by the exigencies of the situations. mands it. Do not wait until com- pelled to do so. In order to sense Seventh, coordination, combination, unification in different forms such a situation, when an adjustof missionary activities are more ment is profitably made, perhaps it imperative than ever. Only real good work will stand the storm of may be useful and helpful to you nationalism and public opinion. that more frequent opportunity Truly great institutions which can do really good work, so good that will be given to the voice of Chiheyond the reach of average Chi- nese leaders. Let them be heard nese endeavor, will have little to fear for the opportunity of service. not only in the mission field but also in America.

Dr. Timothy Lew is connected with several national organizations in China, including the National Christian Council and the China Christian Education Asso- ciation. He is a representative Christian Chinese, a minister of the Chinese Chris- tian Church, and a member of a family which has had five generations of bap- tized Christians, a family which has given a total of 105 years active service to the Church with missionaries.

THOUGHTS FOR THE THOUGHTFUL "Missionaries can explain their religion. The hard part is to explain their civilization."-Muskogee Phoenix.

"Justice demands that those unfaithful to the fruitful vines must not keep the vineyard."-The Watchman-Examiner.

"Without risk there would be no courage; without free choice there would be no character."-Dr. John Howard Melish.

"Our people are rubbing their eyes, they are standing on tiptoe, and with outstretched hands are rrying, 'We want to see Jesus.' "-C. Y. Cheng, of China.

"N0 chemical process, however startling and wonderful, is so marvelous as the change wrought in a human being who has been regenerated, born anew through the divine agency."-The United Presbyterian.

A VISIT TO BABYLON AND ITS JE"'S

BY REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., Haifa, Palestine Pa8tor ana i-I'uperintendcnt oj the Evangdiaul and Medical JIi88ion to fBrad M ESOPOTAMIA is the land great Hebrew Christian mission- between the Two Rivers, ary, Dr. Joseph Wolf, visited Bag- the Euphrates and Tigris; dad, and in 1844, Dr. Henry A. the land of the Arabian Nights Stern, another Hebrew Christian, adventures, Haroun-el-Raschid, his paid it a visit. The fact that no splendor, and the "Thief of Bag- definite qualified Jewish missiondad." Some called it the "Cradle ary was stationed there, led us to of Mankind." Archreologists, by make it a special matter of prayer their research and excavations con- and to bring it before loyal friends jure up a history and civilization long before the time of the Pha- of Israel. The response was so raohs. Even the great Assyriolo- wonderful and definite that we gists bow before the wizards of the realized we were in harmony with Chaldean philosophy, civilization, the divine will. art and science. To undertake a definite pioneer But it is the Diaspora in this work at such a great distance, di- vine aid and careful preparations ancient land that demands our at- are required. The transportation tention. The burden which the of large quantities of literature Lord laid definitely upon our over the wide desert; many obhearts, urged us to undertake a stacles had to be overcome before we could settle the date of our admissionary journey to this land. vance. Much prayer went up to That strange voice, "The People and Not the Land" which dis- God on behalf of our venture of turbed us at the International faith and to this we attribute the Jewish Missionary Conference at victory. Budapest last year has not yet left us. "Seek ye out the lost sheep of When everything was settled for our departure, we learned that the house of Israel." Is it true cholera had broken out at Babylon; that there are great and important smallpox started in Syria, and Jewish centres with no definite then the Wahabis began their atspecially qualified witnesses? In tack on Iraq. All the forces of the this land of such importance, is Evil One seemed to be against us, there a community of such vital but they were miserably conhistoric interest, 200,0.00 Jews, en- founded. tirely forgotten for centuries? To our sorrow we found that such was While every Christian or Jew the case. Missionaries who are who has read the Bible knows that laboring among the Moslems, the Jewish people were led away Chaldeans, Sabeans and Kurds into captivity in Babylon, the part have borne testimony to such Jews the Jews played there, their hisas they have met, but there has not tory from that time till this day been any definitely organized Jew- has seldom been appreciated. In ish Mission in Mesopotamia. the Talmud, Babylonia is referred to as "the land of Israel." The life As early as April 8, 1924, the of the Jews in Babylon, where 983

Nebuchadnezzar placed them after exist in any other part of the his conquest of Judea, and where world, having a full knowledge of they remained in increasing num- its history, environment and trabers for fifteen centuries, whatever ditions. In attempting a definite the conditions were, the lot of the missionary enterprise among these Jews could not be called unhappy. people, pioneering needed very The policy of dealing liberally with careful preparations and wisdom the Jews adopted by Nebuchadnez- from Above. zar and followed by his son Evil- Merodoch, who released J ehoiachin, We invited the Rev. Arthur W. the captive King of Jerusalem, Payne of Haifa, and the Rev. Elias and exalted him above the other Newman of the Irish Presbyterian kings that were with him, seems Church, Damascus, a Hebrew to have been continued (2 Kings 25: 27-30). It was here that the Christian and a Gentile Christian Babylonian Talmud was created to accompany us. We left Haifa and the Jewish Code established. on April 18th and went via Naz- It was here also where the Rosh- areth, Tiberias, crossing the J or- Galutha, tlie Exilarch, or Prince dan and reaching Damascus in the of the Captivity played such an im- afternoon. We visited the Chief portant part in the life of the Jews Rabbi who informed us that he of Babylon. He was recognized as was a pupil of my father many the head of the Jews in Babylon years ago in Jerusalem. and the adjacent countries, who could trace his descent by direct We left on our 615 mile journey male line from the royal house of across the great desert, in the beau- David, taking precedence because of this over the Patriarchs of tiful six-wheeled Pullman car of the Nairn Eastern Transport Com- Palestine, who could only trace pany. The desert was crossed by their descent by female line. The automobile for the first time by position he occupied in the Persian Mr. Norman Nairn of Australia Court was that of fourth in rank and two companions in the spring from the King himself. His of 1923 and in October, 1923, he power over all the Jews was al- inaugurated a regular service with most that of a sovereign over his Cadillac cars. In May, 1927, the people. They had their schools present six-wheelE!d cars inauguand academies, they were mer- rated a direct passenger service chants, agriculturists, cultivating between Damascus and Bagdad, their own fields, exporting their each car accommodating fifteen own grain, vines, dates, sesame, passengers. It took us only 30 figs and vegetables. They were hours going and 24 hours coming their own shepherds, cowherds and back, including the stops made for meals. When that enterprising fatteners, hunters of animals, Hebrew Christian, Dr. Wolf, visfishermen, even muleteers, leading ited Bagdad in 1824, it took him 64 days from Aleppo, whilst that caravans. In fact, they lived their other Hebrew -Christian, the Rev. own natural lives. Dr. Henry A. Stern and his com- panions, in order to cross the des- Thus we have here a special ert from Damascus to Bagdad, had Jewish community, an ancient one, a caravan of 450 camels, leaving Damascus on the 17th September with all the traditions from the ~}Cile to this date such as dOeS not and reaching Bagdad on the 19th

A VISIT TO BABYLON AND ITS JEWS

of October after many privations. Jews of the city. Several offered In Bagdad we got into touch to distribute literature among the with the Christians who were ex- Jews, especially as there is such a pecting us. The two secretaries of large proportion of Jews who are the Y. M. C. A., Mr. Donald Mun- members of the Y. M. C. A. roe and Mr. Harold Lampard, The Jews soon learned of our were keenly interested and through presence and we received many in- them we secured the assistance of vitations to their schools and . a young converted Shiah. We homes, to synagogues and institu- gave ourselves to visiting the Jew- tions. Every morning some of Us ish quarters and institutions and went out to distribute literature, acquainted ourselves with the city whilst others visited schools and and its neighborhood. From the institutions under the guidance of beginning we found a ready recep- a judge and another notable Jew.

tion everywhere from all classes of At one school we found over 800 the community. We realized that children assembled in the yard in order to carry out a thorough where they sang songs and gave investigation we must secure the recitations in Hebrew and Arabic cooperation of all the missionaries. and even in English. The Alliance We arranged to invite the mission- Israelite, in their boys' and girls' aries to a round table conference. schools, have over 3,000 pupils. In The following were present: Mr. one school we had the privilege of and Mrs. Hope of the British & examining the children. We wrote Foreign Bible Society, Dr. E. I. a Hebrew text on the blackboard Barney, the Rev. and Mrs. Fred J. and a scholar analyzed it gram- Barney, Mrs. M. D. F. Thoms, Dr. matically and gave the roots of C. Staudt, the Rev. and Mrs. Rose, every word. In another class Mr. the Rev. A. G. Edwards, Mr. Don- Newman wrote a text from the ald Munroe and Mr. Harold Lam- New Testament on the blackboard pard, the Rev. Arthur W. Payne,- in English and one of the boys the Rev. Elias Newman, and the made the analysis and then parsed writer. The Jews in Bagdad have the words. greatly increased since the war, It would be impossible to give a and their number is estimated at description of the different homes from 100,000 to 150,000. There and institutions we visited, as well are large Jewish communities at as of our journey to the great and Mosul, Basra, Hilleh, Kut; in fact intensely interesting ancient Babythere is scarcely an important city lon, the great rivers Euphrates or town in Mesopotamia where and Tigris with their floods, the there are no Jews. They have beautiful palm groves and wondermany schools which accommodate, ful hanging gardens. The impresaccording to the Anglo-Jewish re- sion made upon us while passing port, 12,500 children. Many the sites of Akkad (Gen. 10) and others attend the mission schools. Ctesiphon, Nebuchadnezzar's forti- In the American Mission one third fied palace; driving around the of the boys and one fourth of the ruins of the inner walls of Babylon, girls are of the Jewish faith. The visiting the excavations at Babymissionaries would welcome any lon, the marble pavements of the recognized society that will send a Sacred Way that led to the shrine representative to work among the for the worship of the god Marduk,

. the curiously inscribed walls of the so was not given to us, but we palace of the great Nebuchadnez- could heartily recommend to him zar and his father, the huge ruined the fountain of Living Water, hall where Belshazzar made that whereof the man who drinketh will great feast when he saw the writ- never thirst again, and which is at ing on the wall, is indescribable. the same time the Bread of Life But perhaps nothing impressed and the Life-giver. We also told me so much as the view of the him of the city and its river and "Waters of Babylon," the river trees under whose leaves there is Euphrates with its willows, the the healing of the nations. The exact picture given in Psalm 137. son, who was discussing some of Leaving the ruins we felt, see- the prophecies, said, "Sir, if you ing that all the words of the can give that Living Water where- prophet concerning Babylon had by my dear father Can renew his been literally fulfilled, that God's youth, I will give you half of what promise concerning the future of we have, yea, I will give you all Israel will also surely be accom- that we have." We told him that plished. For God's time to favor this gift is of God, and could not Zion must come soon. be bought for money or a price. In Mokkattam, the great Shiah The old man pointed out to us that city of Kathamien, with its won- because of the sins of Israel, the derful golden dome, we had fellow- Temple was destroyed, the symbol ship with Brother and Mrs. Ed- of national independence and three wards, and we visited nineteen things had departed which could large synagogues, nine schools and not be regained in spite of all ef- many Jewish homes. forts-wisdom and joy and rest One of the leading Jews invited had departed. The old man was us to meet him in his home, a beau- very keen, and said, "Do you know tiful palace on the Tigris, shaded that one young Jew went 'to seek with willows and palm trees. The his brethren' and he was sold as a Tigris running close by, in flood, slave to Egypt, and suffered there was a platform from which much?" We immediately pointed one could bathe and cool off in the out to him that after the sorrows morning and evening, a luxurious and time of slavery, he became the petrol launch all ready for use, greatest in the land and we would servants all around. The owner to God that we could be sold in wanted to know our aim, and we order to become the feeders of the explained it to him. We told him people, and we also pointed out to of the movements of Israel in the him how this Joseph was only a land of their fathers. He was very type of the greater Joseph, the son much interested, and we asked him of David, who was the Messiah of if he would like to go to Jerusalem Israel. We also told him of the and build himself a home there. love of Christ implanted in the The old man pointed, and said: heart of St. Paul, who wished him- "Can you bring that ri~er to Jeru- self accursed for his kinsmen, his salem, where I can build a house, brethren after the flesh. and have these willows and palms?" We pointed out to him that Visiting another Jewish home, at present we could not bring the our host said: "We must have been river to Jerusalem, the power to do mad when we rejected Jesus, who spoke the most wonderful wisdom

ever uttered by man." "Yes," he King Feisal, kindly and graciously continued, "by this mad act we granted the writer an audience, have lost our independence and all and personally we felt deeply wisdom has departed. Instead of grateful for that gracious recepthe nations of the earth coming to tion extended to the writer, realus to learn wisdom, we fill the Gen- izing the aroma of goodwill. His tile universities-where we are not Majesty was extremely kind. wanted-and our heads are stored with the garnered knowledge of All through the journey we had this artificial world, which is not to the full experienced the gracious true knowledge and which does not extension of the divine favor and lead to happiness." We were protection. very greatly impressed and said, "Friend, it is quite true, but why What is our duty towards the do you not begin anew?" He an- 200,000 Jews in Mesopotamia? It swered sorrowfully, "We are tied is true we have distributed 1,500 and bound by many chains, tradi- New Testaments and 11,500 portions, environment, conventions tions, books such as "Jesus Is Comand by many so-called friendships. ing," St. John's Gospel in Hebrew In fact, we live an unnatural life with notes by Dr. Horton, "How which is sapping our very life Shall I Know Him?" "God and the blood so that we have no strength Universe," etc. We have also made left in us to break our fetters." arrangements and left large quan- We told him the words of Jesus: tities of literature with the Rev. "If the Son shall make you free ye A. G. Edwards who is to carryon shall be free indeed." distribution at Hilleh and par- ticularly in his missionary boat on By the invitation of the Secre- the Euphrates. We also left littary of the Y. M. C. A. we gave a erature with Brothers Munroe lecture on "Modern Developments and Lampard of the Y. M. C. A. in Judaism." The lecture was at- and parcels of literature have been tentively listened to; one Jew sent to Bro. Willoughby at Mosul. wanted us to remove the blame Literature has been sent to Basra from the Jews for the crucifixion and also left with Mrs. Hope, who of the Son of God, which we told is greatly interested in the conhim we could not do. More than version of the Jews. But what this, to do this would not help the about a definite continued testireconciliation of Israel with God mony? All the missionaries agree through the Son of God. that such a witness is needed. What is our duty? We left Meso- Not only were we kindly re- potamia with a vision of the possiceived by Jews of all classes, but bilities existing, the glorious work the heads of some institutions and that can be accomplished there, schools requested us to help them and also with a greater burden. to obtain Bibles. As most of the If ever there was a Macedonian schools are orthodox, and the text- cry, "Come over and help us," we book for Hebrew is the Bible, thus realize it here. We can truly say they need thousands of Bibles, that the field is white unto harwhich we promised to secure for vest, where are the laborers? them. What can we do to wake up the Christian Church to look up and We were also received by the see and hear the "Call of God"? notables of the land. His Majesty,

IN ANCIENT

BY REV. CALVIN K. STAUl)T, Baghdad, Iraq Mi88ionary oj the Reformed Churah in the United State8 BAGHDAD affords a fine op- American School for Boys. To this portunity for preaching the service young people of all reli- Gospel. The people hunger gious creeds feel free to come, and and thirst after the truth and the attendance has been beyond all are glad to hear one who interprets expectations. The service is held religious life in a helpful way, It on the balcony of the court of the is a thrilling privilege to preach school. There is nothing to at- the Word of God in Baghdad, in tract the people save the preaching the very center of the Moslem of the Gospel; for there is no pul- world, and at one time the cen- pit, no choir, no stained glass win- ter of culture, influence and power. dows-nothing, in short, to make Baghdad woefully needs the it churchly except a Bible and gospel message. The city is in the hymn books. Not even a cent is throes of awakening. The use of spent on this service, either for mechanical force and scientific preacher, janitor, heat or light.

knowledge is breaking down the It is carried on as a part of the old Moslem order of things. The school program, as extension work last chapter of a long paragraph one might call it.

of the history of this city is com- Without advertising or making ing to an end and a new para- any effort to induce people to come, graph, which is very different, is the attendance has steadily in- being written. The old religious creased until now it scarcely ever conceptions are breaking down and falls below 100, having reached the something is needed to take their high water mark of 200 on Christ- place. The evils of the West are mas night. And this is in spite entering by leaps and bounds. The of the fact that we must worship dance hall and hotel life, the liquor in the cold, with feet on an icy cold shop, the uncensored movie, are marble floor, with nothing but a being introduced without a protest canvas curtain to protect one from and, sad to say, are accepted as the bitter winds when the weather signs of civilization. is freezing.

In this transition period men Who comes to these services and women lose their bearings. Sunday after Sunday? Some are They become confused, mystified, students in the higher classes, unsettled; they grope for the some are Syrians, Armenians and truth, which they think lies in the Egyptians who have been educated new. Many begin to read science in our mission schools or in the and philosophy; some seek guid- University of Beirut. Others are ance in Bahaiism or one of the oc- from different schools of the city cult ~eligions; and we are glad to -both teachers and pupils, and say, that others are anxious to many others are educated young hear the Gospel of Christ. A re- men in the employ of the Govern- markable illustration of this is the ment or in the professional world.

Sunday evening service in the It is a group as intelligent as 988

PREACHING IN ANCIENT BAGHDAD

one can find in an average Amer- This audience is composed of ican church. All have a knowledge men and women who are alert, upof English so that they can easily follow any sermon. Religiously, to-date, seekers after knowledge they are Moslems, Jews and Christians (non-Protestants). These and anxious for the truth. Some come for no other purpose but to time ago I incidentally made referlearn the way of life and the way ence to the suggestive title of a of Christ. It is a great privilege to preach to this intelligent group book called "Adventurous Reliin these days of transition. Now gion," which, I said, I never had or never is the opportune time to lead them to Christ. Many are a chance to read. At the close of helping to make history. the service a Shiah· Moslem from Picture an evening audience as the holy city of Kadhamain came it was the other night. On the up to me and said, "I have that front seat sat two Moslems, graduates of a university and teaching book and I shall be glad to give it in the government schools. Be- to you." The following week he hind them were two or three rows of lady teachers in the government brought the book which he had schools. Behind them were a group of students from our own read and underscored.

and other schools. Scattered Three weeks ago I received the among them and all along the two following letter from a man who sides were the older young men who belong to the effendi class. In had come for the first time: that same audience were representativesof two of the sacred "Mr. —, an esteemed friend of cities of the Shiah Moslems, and a mine, advised me to attend your weekly native woman who has her Master lectures, and I have been for,tunate to of Arts degree from Columbia Uni- hear yesterday your speech and have to versity. All who attended the inform you with great pleasure that I service were natives, except an was much pleased' of it, and blamed my- American archeologist and three self for not attending your lectures bemissionaries who were passing fore. Your yesterdny's lecture reminded through Baghdad. me of your religion which'I was about to forget.

"You have, stated at the end of your lecture yesterday that your speech on the coming Sunday is 'How Christ Is Our Door to God.' I request that your lec- ture on Sunday after next be How to prove that there is God, with the re- mark that the man (or men) whom you are addressing and who does riot believe in any religion and denies God's person and believes that this world is being de- veloped by nature, may find Him.

"This lecture will perhaps abolish my doubts, for which I shall ever remain thankful."

SOME AFRICAN PROVERBS "Do not begin the meal before the water is boiled" (Do not count your chickens before they are hatched).

"It is better to tUrn the enemy back ()n the hill than to drive him out of the village" (Prevention is better than cure).

"He weeps with one eye" (He is insincere). "You kindle a fire and leave it" (You are a talebearer). "A thief catches himself" (murder will out). "Anger is a warmth which lights itself." "Scarcity lives in the pouse of the quarreler."

-DR. C. E. WEST, in The Other Sheep.

PROBLEMS AT

BY WILMA DUNTZE, JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY SHORTLY after sojourners to than any difference of opinion or Jerusalem had turned home- outlook was the realization that the ward with its enriching ex- spirit that binds the separate Asperience another world gathering sociations into a world unity would brought together over three hun- be great enough to lead the way dred women from almost two score through the most perplexing prob- countries met at Budapest as Iem. seekers after Christ's way in all Christianity is being stifled by realms of life. The usual barriers of language, distance and creed the impact of the mechanistic syswere surmounted in this meeting tern and materialism. The stubof representatives of the Young born problem faced by the women Women's Christian Association. at Budapest was: "Who can better The hostess city was struggling bring the needed oxygen than the to find new life and hope after its Christian disciples who dare to be war-torn years. Although heads practical and see the problem in terms of the gripping economic were high there, countless hearts structure that must be controlled were heavy with bitterness and or do the controlling?" disillusionment. Here was one example of the almost untouched By means of a questionnaire circulated among Y. W. C. A. mem- fields of political, economic and bers in all countries for over a social activity that cry for Chris- year, some very revealing things tian understanding and new dar- were discovered showing that ing. The sessions at Budapest Christ's ideal for human life is still deepened the conviction that when violated under the present social from the Mount of Olives Jesus and economic system. The progsaid: "Go ye into all the world," ress made point by point, country He must have visualized not only by country, in facing and undergeographic distance but every taking constructive programs in major aspect of human life. That behalf of each social and economic conviction carried the delegates in- principle involved was charted. to facing practical issues and That document became a tlaermethods for a constructive pro- mometer. It was taken as a workgram. ing tool for the next two years to be a guide and gage of progress It was unmistakably evident in this field of human relationthat the power and personality of the "Man of Galilee" gave direc- ships. tion and vitality to the delegates. At Jerusalem it was said: "The The program was based on Bible task of the Christian Church is to study, deep searching into the aims create a Christian civilization withand methods of the Association in in which all human bei-ngs can grow all parts of the world, and on in- to their full spiritual stature. It formation, from social and eco- is its duty to acquire knowledge nomic scientists, on national and by which the conditions which iminternational situations. Stronger peril such growth may be removed, 990 and those which foster it may be tionnaire and said: "We have established. It is its duty to speak done this…. but have still left and work fearlessly against social undone. . . . We will return to and economic injustice." our people and carry our purpose further. Our first responsibility Budapest answered: "This and theirs is to know better what means that we cannot rest from the actual application of these gengiving our best thought and en- eral principles involve and how deavor to alter in every country our modern industrial system afsuch situations which are still fects all factors in human society. known to exist as: long hours of We will have courage to look labor; women and children toiling longer, to seek further, and include at night; small children employed within our vision if need be things at the sacrifice of their future; un- that hurt, hurt until they compel sanitary, unsafe and unhealthful us to do something about them. work places; unregulated periods Weare unrestful about these of unemployment throwing their things as we more fully realize greatest burden on those least able that they are part of our Christian to bear the strain; failure to responsibility. We will go on. Any recognize the reciprocal contribu- other course would be to deny our tions and right to share in the con- greatest Teacher. There is no natrol of production by labor and tion that is not affected more or capital; unaroused consumers who less by this problem. What effects assume no responsibility for know- one affects all. We must face the ing and exerting their influence on problems and the solutions tothe conditions under which things gether. In so doing we will realize are made for their use." a bond and unity of purpose that will draw us closer than any ex- The women who were at Buda- perience known in the past." pest looked on the charted information revealed by the ques- A SPEEOH BY A NATIVE TONGA TEACHER Supplied by a Senior ~Mctkodi8t Minister in the Mis8'ionary Rcriew, A'ustralia- I T IS said that men have made efforts to change all kinds of material into gold, but have not accomplished it. The Chris- tian religion is chemistry, and the men who are employed in this service are the missionaries. It has the power to change all things into gold. Previous to the introduction of this religion into Tonga we could not accomplish anything; but ever since the missionaries commenced their work, Tonga has been able to convert all things into gold. The land is a golden land; the pigs, yams and nuts all are changed into gold. We have got riches through religion, both temporal and spiritual. Religion enriches one's soul, it changes one's nature, fools are made wise, the dead are brought to life, we have peace with God, and it is certain that we shall gain eternal life.

Let us work, therefore, that it may reach other lands yet in darkness. Money is necessary to pay for the vessel, clothes, and food of the missionaries.

Let us give our money, for the temple is not yet erected in all lands.

HEROISM IN

BY REV. JOHN T. FARIS, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

SOME years ago at the call of and beat his way "back to the freez- God, a physician gave up a fine ing missionaries, who were deter- practice to go to Point Bar- mined to stay" by their work, row, within the Arctic Circle, the because the Eskimo needed them.

most northern mission station in Time passed. The physician and the world, where he was to open a his wife went to desolate Point hospital. On the way he was asked Barrow, where the thermometer to stop at a station farther down often tells of sixty degrees below the coast, where mission work had zero. A part of the doctor's"work been carried on for several years, was the making of long sledge but had been abandoned. journeys for scates and even hun- With his wife and child he dreds of miles, to the igloos(jf the sought shelter in the remains of natives who had sent for him. On the old miss~onary residence, which one such trip the ice on which the proved to be so uninhabitable that sledge was traveling' broke up, and the natives disdained it. "If we the little" party found itself ma~ have plenty of coal for the winter rooned under the lee of an iceberg we can get along," the wife said. to which clung a" bit of fairly But the last steamer came, and smooth ice. The shore was far without the needed coal. When the away, and rescue seemed "impossi- wires carried news to New York ble. "

City of their extremity they were "Take your shirt and place it urged to return to the lower Pacif- as a- signa] of" distress upon that ic coast for the winter. "Shall we ice peak!" the doctor said to a go?" the missionary asked his wife. companion. "Why, that would be "No, let us stay!" she said. And usel(ss!" he was told. "There is he agreed. Then they prayed. God no one within one hundred miles!"

could make their winter service "But put up the" signal," he was possible, they were sure. urged. "Then let" us pray to Him And God did, in a most unex· whose serva~ts we are."

pected manner. A belated coasting The flag of distress" ;was flown schooner was driven to seek shel- in the face of a" desolate coast. ter perhaps one hundred miles Early in the morning it was seen south of the cold missionaries. by two boys, reindeer herders, who At the dock the Captain saw a had left the sheltered tundra, far pile of coal. "What is that?" inland, contrary to the" orders of he asked. "Oh, that is the mission- those in charge or their govern- aries' coal," he was told. "The ment" herds; they wanted fresh ship which was to take it to them fish, so disobeyed the command.

had to leave it here." "What!"" They looked through a spyglass- roared the schooner's owner. "The a cheap affair sent out by an Amer- missionaries are without fuel? ican mail-order house–and recog- Then I must take it to them, even nized the peculiar fur coat of the if the winter is upon us." And doctor at Point Barrow. Leaving he loaded a dozen tons on the deck the herd, they hastened toward 992

MISSIONARY HEROISM IN ALASKA

Point Barrow, sixty or seventy Simply the missionary told of miles distant. When more than these things. Then, longingly, he half way to their destination they said: "And how hungry I am to were confronted by a raging. tor- get back to .my people, among rent which they had forgotten; whom I hope to die!"

this was the spring flood fed by * * * * * * * * melting snow from the interior. One who heard the consecrated They could not cross. man's words thought of a mission- Sadly they agreed that the doc- ary and his wife of whom the late tor and his party were doomed. Dr. Charles L. Thompson used to But as they walked along the bank tell. They went to one of the Aleu- they surprised a company of mi- tian Islands tor service; they had grating Eskimo, in their boats, sought a hard field, and it was giv- who had camped by the side of en to them. There bravely they the stream. The boats were met not only privation, but the aw- manned, the journey was made ful loneliness that came when their safely, and the missionaries were babe died. A little later, on the saved from the ice floe. "Didn't visit of the one steamer a year that I tell you God would take care of came to their little outpost, Dr.

us?" the doctor asked. Thompson sought to comfort them That time the house at Point in the brief hour of his stay. As Barrow was there when he ap- he left he said, "Is there anything proached it. But there came a day I can do for you? Ask freely just when, on his return from another what is in your mind." "Of course sledge trip, nothing but ruins they will ask to be sent back to greeted him. The house had burned their friends at home," he thought.

during the night, and the brave And he was prepared to grant their mIssionary wife had been com- request. His amazement, then, may pelled to seek shelter, passing be imagined, when the bereft moth- barefoot and in her night clothes, er said, "Oh, Dr. Thompson, let through deep drifts of snow. us stay here among our people!"

A SELF-EXAMINATION 1. How long would it take to make my community really Christian if every other follower of Christ worked at it and prayed about it just as I do?

2. How long would it take to make this nation Christian if all Christians gave their prayers and efforts and money toward it as I am doing?

3. How long would it take to make disciples of all nations if all other Christians were to give this great program of Christ the place in their lives that it has in mine?

4. Have I any moral right to expect or ask of other Christians, or even of preachers and missionaries, any service or sacrifice for Christ that I am unwilling to give myself?

The work of winning the world to Christ is my work as really and as fully as it is the work of anyone else. Let me not avoid it nor shirk it.

J. CAMPBELL WHITE.

4

Of THE

PEACE-TEN YEARS AFTER North America have been the experi- PRACTICALLY every nation of ment in Prohibition, the upsetting of the world was involved in the former moral standards, the increase Great War that started in Eu- in lawlessness and the great growth rope fourteen years ago. The losses in material prosperity. inflicted can never be measured, nor can we estimate what might have been It is easy for pessimists to look at gained if the fabulous amount of the world and see only growing suspimoney, the mental energy and the mil- cion, selfishness and unrest, threatenlions of lives had been devoted, as sac- ing still further and greater conflicts. rificially, to the ever-present spiritual But there are encouraging signs of conflict to win the world to Christ and progress toward international peace to enlist these forces in His construc- and goodwill. The many peace contive program. ferences and treaties, such as the Locarno Treaty, the League of Na- What progress has been made since tions, the World Court, the Washingthe signing of the Armistice ten years ton Conference on the Limitation of ago? It is not difficult to note na- Armaments, the Paris Pact for Outtional changes-the revolution in lawing War, and the Universal Reli- Russia with the continued struggle gious Peace Congress, all these are between anarchy and atheism on the evidences of the desire for peace one side and idealism and religion on among the nations. The Near East the other; the civil war in China, Relief, after over ten years of lifewith the spread of Sun Yat Sen's na- saving service for hundreds of thoutionalistic program and the establish- sands of children in former Turkish ment of a central government by the territory, is now preparing to close Kuomingtang at Nanking; the rise of many of its orphanages. But the servthe Gandhi Movement in India and vice rendered to the sufferers and for the. increase in nationalistic spirit; peace and goodwill is immeasurable.

the encouraging progress in Persia In the Church and worldwide Chrisand Mesopotamia, the change of gov- tian missions there are causes for ernment in Arabia, and the establish- alarm that are overshadowed by eviment of a new republic of Turkey with dences of progress. The churches are modernization in education, industry, too largely neglected and the rationallaws, customs and religion; the new istic and materialistic spirit has en- boundaries and new political regimes tered disturbingly into faith and life. in Greece, the Balkan States, Austria Missionary gifts are far from com- and Germany; the granting of self- mensurate with the need or with the government to Ireland and the re- ability of Christians to give. But markable Fascisti movement with many strong movements are working practical dictatorship in Italy. Africa to promote Christian unity and mis- shows many signs of progress under sionary service and are seeking to European control. Great Britian, foster peace and to promote Christ's France and Belgium have been fight- Way of Life in industrial and social ing their way back to economic nor- contacts, in national and international malcy under many difficulties. The dealings. There are not only interdemost noticable effects of the war in nominational religious conferences, 994

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

but Inter-racial movements, Church ment, with General Chiang Kai-shek conferences on Faith and Order, the inaugurated at Nanking as president World Alliance for International of the Republic on October 10th (Na- Friendship, International Fellowships, tional Independence Day). The ap- Conferences on Pacific Relations, pointment of a strong cabinet prom- school children's Friendship Bags and ises an enlightened and progressive Dolls, and hundreds of other enter- government. Several members of the prises and organizations to promote new cabinet are Christians, the most understanding and goodwill. The In- outstanding and clear-headed of them ternational Missionary Council at its being Dr. C. T. Wang, formerly a Y.

Jerusalem Conference has entered on M. C. A. leader, who has taken the an enlarged program to develop the portfolio of Minister of Foreign Af- indigenous Christian Churches and fairs. Recently there has been much National Christian Councils in every less evidence of radical Russian in- foreign mission field. This program fluence and more readiness to cooper- emphasizes loyalty to Christ and His ate with European powers in the revi- teachings, dependence on the Spirit of sion of treaties. The inauguration of God, and the placing of responsibility the new president was attended by for carrying out Christ's program on great patriotic demonstrations with the National Christians in each coun- but little disturbance. President Chi- try as their Christian leaders are de- ang is regarded as not only an able veloped. general but as a man of conciliatory It would be illuminating, and possi- spirit who will seek to promote peace bly disconcerting, if we could see our in China and harmony with foreign own hearts and lives from the view~ governments.

point of Christ. What progress to- The vice-president of the RepUblic ward the establishment of His King- and Minister of War is General Fimg dom of peace and righteousness would Yii-hsiang, the famous "Christian we discover? How far has the pur- General"-a much discussed and not pose of the coming of Jesus Christ in- clearly understood character. Prog- to the world been accomplished? How ress is being made in reaching an un- nearly have His followers completed derstanding with Japan and there is what He "began to do and to teach"? hope that the unequal treaties with all Some things have been done for which foreign governments will be replaced we may thank God and take courage by those that recognize the rights of but a vast amount yet remains to be China to a place of equality among done. So vast a task challenges every the nations.

Christian to devote every dollar, every At the same time that news came of talent, every hour, unselfishly to its the inauguration of President Chiang, completion. What progress the next a dispatch was received telling of civil ten years will show depends on God warfare in Kansu, the large Province and how far men are ready to live and in the extreme northwest with 10,- work in harmony with Him. 000,000 inhabitants, one-third of whom are Moslems. These Moslems rose in ENCOURAGEMENTS IN CHINA insurrection and as a result 200,000 are reported slain by the Chinese W HILE peace and stability can troops who, being better armed and not as yet be said to character- disciplined. proceeded to burn and ize China, the situation has plunder villages and to slaughter the vastly improved during the past year. inhabitants. Leighton P. Rand, a The capture of Peking by the Na- China Inland missionary living at tionalist forces has practically brought Lanchowfu. writes that multitudes to an end the revolution. After sev- who have survived are destitute of enteen years of struggle, the country food and clothing, and the meagre has been brought under one govern- crops have been destroyed. This in-

surrection, following the terrible ported from many quarters. Miss earthquake last year, the heavy rains Jennie V. Hughes of Shanghai, writes: of the spring, and a summer drought, The revival continues to grow. In our have brought millions face to face Bethel Church, and in the chapels where with starvation. The insurrection services are held every night, not a Sun- day passes but that souls are "born seems to have been crushed, but multi- again." There is also revival in Ningpo. tudes are starving. Here is an op- The people came from the outlying portunity for Christian service. towns and villages, over the mountains, some walking forty to sixty Ii on their During the many months of dis- little bound feet, (if they were women). Three thousand were saved during the turbance in all the provinces, the Chi- twenty-nine meetings and we are plannese Christians have carried on the ning to hold a Bible conference there. work of churches, schools, and even hospitals wherever possible, with sac- We look for a truly wide spread rifice and fidelity. Many foreign mis- spiritual revival in China when the sionaries have now returned to their Chinese Christians realize that only stations but the whole work will be Christ and His Gospel can save their conducted on a new basis, with much land and people from degeneration greater responsibility resting on the and can inspire leaders with the true spirit and power for service. Chinese Church. Revivals of interest in Christian teaching are also re- HELP OBSERVE GOLDEN RULE SUNDAY, DECEMBER 2D,-)IF.ETS A GREAT NEED One thousand childrf'lljn th~ NNlr Eust Relief OrphunaJl;e in Asia )linor, Syria find Greece, portray the Golden Rule binding the world together. On International GO,lden Rule Sunday, December 2d. we are askeLl to eat an orphan's meal and tu make all otferlllg that they may have some food.

FOR JUNIOR MISSIONARY WORK AND

MRS. ARTHUR W. RIDER, Los Angeles, California THE best thing in the world is work and the best work in the world is work with children." We may add: The most interesting and best dividend-paying work with children is missionary work.

WE HAVE two most fascinating Stanley expedition, Chinese Gordon, Junior studies this year-Africa as well as more recent and thrilling and Alaska, antipodes geographically adventures.

and otherwise. About the only simi- Tried and Timely Suggestions larity is that both begin with "A."

Neither country is so well known to 1. Decide early and definitely which the boys and girls as Japan, China or study you will use in your Sunday- even India. This provides the element school missionary work and which you of exploration into practically un- will reserve for the Juniors in your known fields which is always intri- Church School of Missions, or School guing to Juniors. of World Friendship as it is common- With the wealth of material pro- Iy called. As you have six or seven vided it will be solely our fault if our successive and longer periods in the Juniors are not "on tip toe" through- latter work, the African study would out the entire study of these colorful seem preferable.

countries. For the Africa study, two 2. Plan your number of sessions and books have been chosen: "In the Af- decide which chapter or chapters, with rican Bush" (Schwab) and "Camp elaborations, will be used at each ses- Fires on the Congo" (Springer). For sion. In no other department is it Alaska, "Under the North Star," quite so necessary to "Plan your (Gladfelter). Read both books on Af- Work,'" and, as nearly as possible, rica, select but one for teaching, say "Work your Plan."

"The African Bush." Major on that, 3. Order all supplies for your work weaving into it striking parts of the as teacher or leader, and all general other as well as material gleaned from supplies, early. Arrange them in spe- other sources used in your personal cial closet, cabinet or shelf space.

preparation. Juniors are critical. 4. As teacher your notebook should They recognize the difference in teach- be complete before beginning the ing that comes from a small over-night study. In fact two notebooks-one spring supply and that from the well- similar to the one you plan for the stored reservoir of information and pupils to make and your own personal preparation. Review "African Ad- notes–Iarger, fuller of special pic- venture," "The Lure of Africa," tures, newspaper and magazine clip- "Thinking Black," "Uganda's White pings, lists of music, special stories, Man of Work," and all David Living- etc., for use in teaching. A teacher stone material. Be familiar with the should really do everything she re- 997

quires the pupils to do and do it first. and boys softly whistling the chorus, 5. Plan some project. Have it defi- etc.

nitely in your own mind and work Organize the group into squads or toward it, but keep it concealed or "tribes," giving each an African name. camouflaged sufficiently for it to seem Appoint a leader or "Chief" of each to come spontaneously from the group tribe. These should wear felt arm toward the close of the study. bands with tribal names upon them. Each group or tribe should be assigned 6. Juniors like hard tasks. They some definite work, such as "Map play hard. When they work, they Makers"-"Posters and Publicity," work hard. There is danger in plan- "Platform and Room" (Maps, charts, ning and giving them work that is chairs, blackboard, etc. in place-song too easy, rather than too difficult. books on seats). Other tribes could care for the music or help plan the 7. Visit the day schools of this dramatizations; as the work develops, grade. As far as you deem advisable, other needs will arise. Much depends parallel the methods. For the most on the time and place of meeting and part methods used five days in the the equipment. week are feasible and good on the seventh. A secretary is needed, with some unique way of keeping the registra- 8. Interest some boys and girls of tion and attendance. Last year as we college age in assisting you. It is sur- were going on a long voyage, we used prising how alert and well posted they a "Passenger List" (showing and exare and what initiative they have. It plaining one). Two large cards or will also prove the saving "Expulsive poster boards were used-one for the power of a new affection" to some of boys and one for the girls. At center them. top of each was a large, colored ship. Each sheet was divided into sufficient 9. Plan definite handwork, with spaces for name of each boy and girl samples, materials and helpers ready going on the voyage with a small ship in advance. sticker by each name. Below each name the six or seven small squares Junior Church School of Missions were uniformly marked off. When John Smith was on time he was given Plans vary. Usually 'the Juniors a gold star-if tardy, a blue one. A hold their sessions simultaneously with simple uniform award may be given the rest of the church school. Some- those reaching a standard of attendtimes this study is substituted at the ance announced at first meeting-probregular Junior Church hour. Local ably five of the seven sessions. A conditions decide the matter. Person- colored foreign post card or Copping's ally, I prefer the first plan. "Hope of the World," (five cents Having decided upon Africa, for each) * is appreciated and sufficient. sake of illustration, plan definitely for the number of periods, usually six, Foreign stamps may be given to the and time allotted each period. Ap- boys, if they have the "craze." point a committee of Juniors to select a school song and slogan. Meet with A good pianist is absolutely essenthem and offer suggestions. One group tial. The piano should give all signals. used as slogan, "The Kingliest serve The pianist in addition to the regular the most" and "Help Somebody To- music should be able instantly to strike day," for the song. Both were used up a chorus or verse of a song, or at every session. The Boy Scout march as the leader requires. Tardi- Pledge-"Do a good turn for some- ness, fussiness, fumbling for music body everyday" was kept before them, are absolutely not to be tolerated. especially stressing kindness to for- These are a few of the things that eigners-in cultivating World Friendship. The song was used in many • Can be obtained in any missionary bureau ways-antiphonally, girls humming or Sunday-School supply house.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

enable us to do all things "decently and their denominational territory and stations traced. A sand map may be and in order." used with more profit by juniors than Genera.l Suggestions by smaller children. One denomination To introduce the study, if you have had ten stations on the Congo. The not already used it, especially for the juniors made a fine map on a large younger juniors, give Margaret Ap- inclined sand table. The Congo was plegarth's story, "The Artist Who For- very plain and the ten stations, each as got Four Colors," showing toward a mound, was placed along its banks. the close the large, beautifully colored The hl:lrd names had been printed, Copping picture, "The Hope of the read and learned. After the second World" (60 cents). Call especial at- lesson the junior song that year,' tention to the African boy in the pic- "Send the Light" was sung and five ture and sing quietly, "Black and Yel- girls and five boys marched about the low, Red and White, they are precious sand map, placed a small lighted canin his sight," or (if familiar) the dle on each station, naming the station. song verse used in the story. Turns were taken till all had the op- Maps: For the Junior Map Study. portunity and a circle was formed The map of Africa resembles the hu- and simple sentence prayers were man ear. Have on a good sized black- made, asking God to indeed "Send the board, a well drawn ear. (Call on an Light" and let them be Light-Bearers, artist friend if necessary.) Draw through their prayers and gifts. The faintly through the ear the true out- iIIuminated map was a success and line of the map. After you have in- sixty-five boys and girls could name troduced your study of the Dark Con- and locate their denominational mistinent (asking questions as to why it sion stations. A similar plan could is so called and receiving information be used for "Camp Fires on the Con- as to new ways to lighten it-(air- go."

planes, steamers, radio, tourists, etc), For notebooks that year, the teachwhile still talking, trace the faint map er cut small (about four by six inches) outline with chalk that has been soaked maps of Africa out of black paper.

a full hour in sweet milk. The damp The group used these as patterns in line dries almost instantly and with cutting the white filling sheets. One two or three bold strokes the ear is page or sheet was filled each study erased and presto! Magic! the real period and when completed a special map remains. This map may be used hour was given to tying or clamping again and again or washed off if black- them together, an informal "palaver,"

boards are limited. and simple refreshments.

A large map of Africa may be drawn ViUages. Next to a map, a village or cut, with David Livingstone's pic- is of most interest and importance.

ture in center. A few lines represent- Homemade villages are enjoyed most ing a heart may be drawn about the but one can purchase for fifty cents head, recalling that Livingstone's the Bradley Cut-outs for either Alaska heart is buried in Africa. Tell the or an African village and fill in with story and give his motto-"Anywhere, other things. For instance, make first provided it be forward." [A good a heathen village-letting the juniors map of Africa may be purchased for do most or all of it. Ask some one $.45. A small packet of pictures ($.15) to point out the schoolhouse, kinder- comes with this if desired. These are garten, hospital, church, etc. None to be colored and placed on map as of these things can be located. Tell story progresses.] A product map why. Then after a missionary arrives, may easily be made-Juniors love this. these are all added in succession with One of plasticene or flour and salt, the suitable small flags. Tell interest- colored or not. Individual maps ($.25 ing stories or incidents while this is a dozen) may be given the children being done, showing what education

and evangelization has meant. In steamship folders which may be cut case of hospital and Red Cross work, and suitably arranged for each two give the medical mission part of your lines of the hymn. For those west of study. Children will eagerly impro- the Rockies, Alaska folders are readily vise a clinic. "Peep-boxes" and trans- available. "We've a Story to Tell to parencies may be made for individual the Nations," "In Christ There is no villages. East or West" and very many hymns Flags. For atmosphere, strings of lend themselves readily to dramatiza- flags of all nations may be used for tion. The boys and girls will quickly platform decoration. The 'United suggest ways of doing this.

States and Christian flags should al- Dramatizations.' These may be ways be on the platform. Give the "made up" or purchased. The more story M the Christian flag and the impromptu or original they are for salutes and pledges of allegiance. this type of work, the more value.

Every boy and girl will doubtless know Dramatize a crude African school, these. They never tire of their use. with its cartons (saved by the mis- Sing "America the Beautiful," "Your sionaries) for desks, broken slates, a F,lag and My Flag," "Fling Out the pencil broken in thirds, a few torn Banner," "Onward Christia!l Sol- books, etc. This is a true picture < diers," in' this connection. Put a given recently by a returned mission- Christian flag on a hill just outside ary. The children would naturally of your sand board map or village, suggest sending books, tablets or relating how the natives who do not slates, crayolas, pencils, etc. Perhaps know the days of the week look for as leader you have had this in mind it and when they see it, instantly drop from the first. Some such expression all work and go to the church. A should always follow the presentation.

small Christian flag may be made of Psychologists tell us that when we the three colors in muslin, (perhaps create a desire or a good impulse in having the pieces and red cross cut the child and give him no outlet to in advance). These are mucilaged to- express it, we do him a moral injury.

gether and the flag pasted around a The boys could have a Palaver small skewer and stuck in good sized House and Palaver-African style.

button mold. This is very substan- They might discuss the white man .and tial for sand board and village work. his ways, the missionary and changes Mu.~ic. To replace the silly street wrought in their village. The witch and jazz songs with fine music is our doctor might come in and deplore his privilege and duty. What an oppor- loss of power because of the white tunity in missionary hymns! Heroes! doctor. Surprise awaits a leader who Rhythm! Challenge! All so appealing. has never tried this. Impersonations Only three suggestions; memorize, il- of missionaries and explorers; mono- lustrate, dramatize. This is the golden logues, dialogues, debates, all are good.

memory period. Select a few good Avoid mere talking. Juniors want ac- hymns. Taboo all jazz and silly Bongs. tion. Remember the injunction: Juniors love the great hymns of the "Avoid repression, do not attempt too church. This has been tested many much impression, and remember that times. For your hymn illustration, we grow by expression."

first give the story of the hymn. There Pictures.' Again pictures! "An are several inexpensive books on ounce of picture is worth a ton of hymnology. Because of "Africa's talk." Gather from all sources, pro- Sunny Fountain," you may still like, vided they are good pictures. Two "From Greenland's Icy Mountains." picture sheets on Africa ($.25 each) It is easy to secure the story of Regi- are provided. Packets of smaller pic- nald Heber's writing this hymn. Easy tures. Magazines, from the National to illustrate because of the numerous Geographic to Saturday Evening Post, beautiful advertisements, railroad and provide wonderful covers and pictures

for posters and notebooks. Even the envelopes. This keeps the girls busy daily papers often have African pic- and happy. Even fashion sheets and tures. Let the boys talk of "Big catalogs furnish wonderful material Game" and Roosevelt's party and turn for enterprising lads and lasses.

it to what we are hunting. Wonder- One last, large DON'T. Avoid ful posters! A poster contest is al- dwelling on the grotesque, crude and lowable ; posters advertising the uncanny customs of the African life meeting; a large picture of Living- and people. Do not make too sharp stone or some noted missionary or ex- contrasts between blacks and whites plorer on an easel with "Guess Who" tending to create the superiority com- underneath. Fine steroptican slides, plex in Junior boys and girls. This even "movies" are available. Postcards is a barrier to world friendship. It and your own Baloptican. The writer was a puzzled South African who said saw a junior boy give in this way the to a missionary who had constantly Livingstone family sitting room-the preached, "We are all God's children,"

father, mother and son grouped in "But is God himself not white?" Be- the early dawn before David was leav- fore the perturbed missionary could ing. The father handed the son the reply the African ventured, "Perhaps Bible for the final family prayers. we brown people are his step children."

David read the 121st Psalm which is called the "Livingstone Psalm" to this SOME METHODS FOR ADULTS day. Space forbids many other help- By MRS. J. B. LIPPARD, Philadelphia, Pa. ful suggestions. There is a game, Making Attendance Possible "Across Africa With Livingstone."

Many simple ones may be devised. Another pastor's wife, on entering Books and Stories: Of Livingstone, a new field, found a sad little group Mary Siessor and many other heroes comprising the Women's Missionary and heroines, there are books and Society. The majority of the church stories without number. Write your members did not even know of the denominational Board and Literature existence of the organization. She at Bureaus. An excellent reading con- once altered the wording of the brief test is provided for the Crusaders and monotonous announcement made (Baptist Juniors), perhaps others. from the pulpit. "The meeting of the This is the reading craze age. Get Women's Missionary Society will be these lists, have traveling libraries, held next Tuesday. Every member is consult the juvenile librarian in your requested to be present," was changed public library. Keep a record of books to read, "Every woman in the congreread; have a book review by a boy gation is requested to be present," or girl. One Junior group dramatized and attractive posters were hung in an entire Home Mission study book in the vestibule. Later one was put in one evening. the Bible classroom, then in the For Your Encouragement! Often ladies' rest room and lastly a larger the smaller schools and churches do poster was hung in the nursery. the best work. Out of most meager Mothers could not well bring their equipment, marvelous handwork has babies to the missionary meeting, so been evolved. Save everything. Your she found one or two capable young African call drums may be finely made women willing to offer their services out of pasteboard mailing tubes (for for the hour. A poster of a smiling the boys). The slips of heavy paper young nurse amusing a child anin your shredded wheat boxes are just nounced (again in the nursery) that the right weight for cutting figures babies would be cared for during mis- (children, men and women, nurses, sionary meeting. In another society etc.) for Alaskan and African villages. the mothers themselves took turns Color as desired, dress up with the caring for the babies in their own bright linings saved from Christmas homes during this hour.

One church finds it best to hold the one from the bag. On opening it she Junior Missionary Meeting at the wa,s asked to tell what it was, from same time as the women's meeting. what country it came and how it was While the boys and girls are absorbed used. If the objects have recently in their program in one part of the been studied about in the programs church, the mothers are within call, this is easy and interesting, but if not, free to enjoy their meeting. a short description of the object may be written and attached to it, to be Another church has begun to hold read by the holder. its meeting in the morning on Thursday, an off-day with most housewives, A portrait gallery is another pleaseach bringing a box lunch and staying ant surprise. Picture frames and for the sewing guild in the afternoon. cardboard with the names of mission- They can be home, after two meetings, aries written inside or on the back by the time the children return from may be handed about and the holder school. asked to tell all she knows of the per- son. Or the missionary and her work A Good Program may be described on the frame, and the holder asked to name her. Mis- Posters, personal invitations, tele- sionary puzzles may be played by pilphone calls, even offers of automobile ing photographs of missionaries on rides to and from the meeting will all the table, their names forming anfail if the' program is uninteresting other jumbled pile. Each member is or if the sympathies of those attend- asked to match as many names and ing are not aroused for the cause. pictures as possible. Photographs of Amusement alone will fail. A theatri- mission institutions, hospitals, schools, cal entertainment, good music and churches, etc., may be used in the even food will pall soon. We are same way. sated with such attractions in this day. Hearts and sympathies must be A pleasant surprise is the introductouched, needs made known, condi- tion of a real missionary or some one tions described, our own responsibility who had lately toured one of the fields, emphasized. In other words informa- to give a brief talk or to answer question is absolutely essential to inspira- tions. tion. A song of some foreign country Pictures, letters from the field, en- well and sympathetically rendered is counters with missionaries or better an effective surprise. still native Christians themselves, map and globe studies, curios and products Unfamiliar scripture verses, bearfrom mission lands – all these help ing vital missionary messages, or rebut they must all be presented in as lated to the program or objective of fresh and attractive a manner as pos- the meeting sometimes causes astonsible. ishment. "Is that really in the Bible?" "Did Christ say that?" are questions Surprises at Eaeh Meeting that lead naturally to more careful Bible study. One society, after using the regular programs prepared by its own board, A display of the fiags of foreign introduces a "surprise" at each meet- lands and an explanation of their ing. At the beginning of the year origin and meaning may form a unique when the officers are elected a Sur- feature. The story of the new rainprise Chairman for each meeting is bow fiag of China, the happy thought appointed. This gives ample time for of the Rising Sun of Japan, the sturdy preparation. One time a grab bag ap- bravery of the black men of Liberia peared. Objects from different coun- in adopting a fiag as much like that tries were wrapped in small parcels of America as possible all hold thrills and each woman was allowed to take and compelling interest.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK HAVE ANY BEEN OMITTEDt them to eat." The possibilities of In at least one denomination of our Christian ideals in the home of a Christian family it is the custom, child, with a book in its hands suitable after the Communion Service, to in- to its comprehension, cannot be over- quire: "Have any been omitted in the estimated. distribution of the Bread"? We are The Christian activities on the misreminded of the words of Dr. Wordsworth: "Verily if God has made the sion field make a glorious record. Behuman mind a thing demanding food side the primary foundation in the work of preaching the Gospel, is the and satisfied by its feeding, so does He provide for it daily bread worthy next pillar of the Temple, the estabof an arch angel." lishment of Christian education. They have established ninety-nine agricul- Yes, the heavenly manna comes to us in unfailing supply, not only in the tural establishments to help the peo- Book of all books, but in the rich pie secure more food for their bodies' treasures poured forth from thousands sixty-eight homes for lepers ministe; of consecrated pens in volumes of to the suffering of the most loathsome fragrant devotion; in critical illumi- sort, while millions of treatments are nation of the truths of the Book; in given in mission hospitals. From the parable in daily life; in the report of beginning the missionary has been a great service; with the tingling mov- translator. Have not doctors of Diing beauty of the poet; all this for vinity translated works of theology our feasting and for our nourishment and philosophy into the vernacularsand for our growth until the board but "the little child in the midst" has he been omitted in the distribution of groans before us with these gifts of the Bread? God for our mental growth and spir- To remedy this lack the Committee itual nourishment. on Christian Literature for Women We may well question: "Have any and Children on Mission Fields has been omitted in the distribution of been specializing in pUblications the Bread?" The answer comes suited for the mental capacity of the clearly – not only those outside of woman in the home and the little child. Christian nurture but many among The Master Himself who taught His those who bear the name of Christ great truths in parable form must and who seek to follow His steps, yet surely smile on the efforts of the misare so weak that their mental and sionary who takes time from her busy spiritual growth is retarded for lack tasks to write a story for little chilof this daily bread. Among all of dren which will illustrate some phase these we put the women and the chil- of Christian living, or who translates dren first-the gentle mothers in mis- a book with a high motive, who edits sion lands, where, surrounded by false a magazine with pictures and puzzles ideals and low moral standards, they and contests for the older child, a find nothing fit for their children to magazine which has a foundation of read. The evil one is busy supplying Christian truth but which gives the unwholesome bread for these who are material in form so attractive that the coming out of illiteracy and ignorance, cheap harmful competition of unliterature which is wasteful or harm- righteous books is more than met.

ful and poisonous. We must hear the Does one consider a cook book a Master's voice more clearly, "Give ye Christian document? It may well be 1003

when a missionary in Japan writes but rich and poor, officials and soldiers the American recipes which are in devour them. until they are worn to such demand, but leaves out all calls tatters. We can with confidence claim for wine and brandy which abound in that almost one million are reached the ordinary book on American cook- with this distribution of the Bread of ing. China, too, wishes to learn for- Life. Oh for an endowment to reach eign cookery. Who is to supply the the 99,000,000 beyond! The resources book which includes only the in- of this magazine are limited, and this gredients that will be wholesome 1 Committee has been able to give only Pandita Ramabai, that distinguished $1,200 this year, which worked out Indian Christian woman, published a per capita would make the cost for cook book, having opposite each recipe each child one half of one per cent. It a Bible verse and reference. How is like the miracle of the loaves and far its influence went we cannot tell, fishes. but we know that three Brahman The very name of India carries with AN ILLUSTRA'l'ION OF THE SOWER it the thought of Oriental splendor. The mines of Golconda; the rubies families were won by the Christian and pearls of the royal carpet; the message on its pages. romantic history of the Kohinoor; the magnificence of the Durbars all com- It is pitiful to see the trash which bine to make the child of India love is flooding Japanese bookshops when its gems and jewels, and dream of there is so little reading matter that their magnificence even in the humis attractive and pure for the thou- blest village street. What then more sands of factory girls. We see how appropriate for the name of a magathe story of "Pollyanna," translated zine for young people than The Treasby a Japanese girl, while laid aside ure Chest-which brings out monthly from active duties by illness, can be the choicest stories of Indian lore, the a real tonic in conditions like these. lives of heroes and prophets of Hindu- stan, the gems of its ancient litera- "Have any been omitted1" There ture,. the joy of service, and above all are said to be one hundred million the glory of the King of kings. Small children of school age in China! For wonder is it that The Treasure Chest them we have begun the distribution is subscribed for by people of interof bread. Today 95,000 copies of our national note. Rabindranath Tagore little magazine, Happy Childhood, go has been a subscriber since the beginout into the provinces of China, and ning and has written a poem for its not only the boys and girls read them pages; the Begum of Bhopal, that highly honored Mohammedan Queen, takes it for her granddaughters, beautiful lively young girls of the new age of India. A Brahmo Samaj school subscribes for twenty-five copies, while mission schools rely on it for supplementary work.

The writer had the privilege at the Triennial Conference of Woman's Boards held in Philadelphia in 1912 to propose that we enter upon the publication work and use the syndi- cate idea to spread the work. It is wonderful how this idea of having a syndicated form of magazine pub- lished in several of the vernaculars is spreading. Editions of The Treasure

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

Chest appear in Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, night from hostility to friendship with and others in Hindi and Gujerati are the United States. The message carjust issued. ried by The Friend of Youth magazine may well prove another potent force Reverently God has been mar- which will bind the hearts of the next velously opening a way for this work. generation on this side of the world Take the question of the need of the with a loyalty to America which will Turkish people. The magazine which not be Latin nor Anglo-Saxon but we have begun to publish in Constan- Christian. tinople comes at a time when the Turks are waking up in marvelous Zorhut says: "The extent of a fashion. The abolition of the face palace is measured from east to west veil, the adoption of western headgear or from north to south, but that of a for the men in place of the traditional literary work from the earth to fez, the sanctioning of the Christian heaven." The aim of this Committee calendar are all indications of a new is indeed to build character which spirit, and now, most marv~lous of all, shall mount from earth to heaven. comes the proclamation of the substitution of the Roman alphabet for CLEMENTINA BUTLER. Arabic characters, with the promise of the head of their people that in AN ILLUSTRATION l<~ROM "HAPPY CHILD· two years simplified lettering will be HOOD" used throughout all of Turkey! Next ]4ary Craig Peacock to the simplification of the Chinese ideographs comes this opportunity October 23, 1928, marked the passfor a wider education to those who ing of a radiant personality, the homehave been hindered in the past by the going of Miss Mary Craig Peacock. immense task of mastering the very rudiments of an education. Into this Miss Peacock's home was in Torsituation the Committee on Christian resdale, Pa. She has been chairman Literature for Women and Children of the Wilson College Conference have entered with a magazine for since its inception, chairman of comwomen and children to be published mittees on both the Council of Women in Constantinople which bids fair to for Home Missions and the Federameet an immediate demand for some- tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign thing to read, the cry of the children Missions. the world over and something in the new alphabet. In every avenue of life she has re- flected the spirit of the Christ she One thousand dollars a year is re- served and the abundant life He came quired to put this magazine on its to bring. feet and a wonderful investment in international friendship can be established.

The latest activity of the committee is helping a magazine for young people, The Friend of Youth, published in South America but having subscribers in Cuba, Mexico and Spain as well as in many of the Latin American Republics. Can there be any better gift of friendship with the Latin American peoples than this international friend?

Lindbergh flew with a message of good will to Mexico and the attitude of the Mexican people changed over EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND STREET, NEW YORK Any man who has a religion is bound to do one of two things with it CHANGE IT-or SPREAD IT If it isn't true-he must give it up If it is true -he must give it away.

-Robert E. Speer.

FEDERATED STUDENT COMMITTEE 2. Council of Women for Home Mis- sions-Committee on Student Work. History and Summary of Work 1921-1928 3. Council of Church Boards of Ed~­ cation-the women members of the Um- '1'he Federated Student Committee has fUlle~ versity Committee. tioned very successfully as a clearing hOUSf> for representaqves of mis~ionary boards and 4. Young Women's Christian Associaother religious agencies whlch approach ~omen tion-Student Department of the Nastudents. The following B.ummary wIll an- tional Board. swer the numerous inquirIes that are re~ ceived from time to time in regard to its 5. Student Volunteer Movement–the compcrsition and activiUes.-EDITOR. women representatives of the Movement.

The Federated Student Committee 6. Student Fellowship for Christian is an informal group for consultation Life-Service – the women representa- tives. (This group no longer sends and cooperation in religious work representatives to the meetings.) among women students. Such women student secretaries of 1. Beginning-An invitation from denominational boards as may possi- bly not be included under 1 and 2, the Committee on Student Work of may also be members of the committee. the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions to the Council The executive secretaries of the of Women for Home Missions to send Federation of Woman's Boards of representatives to attend a joint meet- Foreign Missions, of the Council of ing. Such joint meetings were held Women for Home Missions, of the for a year or so. Later, the Council Cooperating Committee for the Womformed the women members of the en's Union Christian Colleges in Forthen-existing Committee on Recruit- eign Fields, of the Committee on Miing into a Committee on Student grant Work and of Religious Work for Work. Representatives of the other Indian Schools are members of the agencies cited below were soon invited committee. to the meetings. The Federated Student Committee met for the first time Notices and minutes are sent to all on January 25, 1921. members of the committee and min- utes to the secretaries of the Council II. Meetings-Held three times a of Church Boards of Education, and year-September, January and May. to such denominational secretaries of Boards of Education as may express III. Constituent Bodies-The fol- a desire for them. lowing are the constituent bodies which make up the Federated Student Any member of the committee is Committee. The channel or depart- free to invite any appropriate person ment through which the cooperation to a meeting of the committee as a operates is indicated. guest.

1. Federation of Woman's Boar~s of IV. Fina;nces – Each constituent Foreign Missions of North Amerlca- body is asked to pay ten dollars a Student Committee.

1006 year to cover expense of notices and VI. Future Theme minutes. The calendar year is the January-Problems in c h u r c h fiscal year. work, government and policy which V. Work Accomplished particularly affect women in the work 1. Cooperation of Church Board of the Church.

representatives with Y. W. C. A. stu- WHY A CHRISTIAN WOMAN dent conferences through SHOULD BE INTERESTED IN CIVICS (a) Preliminary letter of sugges- By MARGARET TUSTIN O'HARRA tions to every Church Board representative attending such conferences. 1. In order to find out "How Democracy Works Out as an American Experi- (b) Findings of these Church Board representatives concerning con- ment." ferences attended are a basis of discussion and planning for future 2. Because she lives in a land where conferences. home-making is an art. 2. Endorsement of Union Christian 3. Because by so doing she helps to de- velop a higher social order and a bet- ter public spirit. .

College Campaign in 1921 (with co- 4. She should be interested in developing operation of Y. W. C. A.) to help se- people who practice citizenship autocure Laura Spelman Rockefeller gift. This cause has been promoted con- matically. 5. Because she will be helping to de- velop a thinking group, working to- tinuously since then. gether for better homes, better 3. Endorsement of the work among schools, better streets, pure foods, better industrial conditions, play- Farm and Cannery Migrants (now grounds, better recreational opporentitled Migrant Work) done by de- tunities, including moving pictures, nominational boards through the and everything for the betterment of Council of Women for Home Missions. childhood. 4. Promotion of Church Team vis- 6. Because it develops higher moral its. standards, which always lead to 5. Study of giving among students. deeper religious and spiritual feel- ings.

Much time was spent on this study 7. Because the political life of the and considerable research work was United States affects world relationdone. While many interesting facts ships, and therefore affects the progwere brought forth, it was found that ress of Christianity.

definite information was difficult to WHAT WE NEED AND DO NOT obtain. NEED 6. Extensive research work was Standing beside the grave of the done through the Rural Department Unknown Soldier President Coolidge of the Y. W. C. A. on students in said: rural communities and much inter- We do not need more national develesting data was made available. opment; 7. Recent meetings have been de- We need more spiritual development.

voted to the study and discussion of We do not need more intellectual powvarious student problems, such as er; (a) Recruiting for the foreign We need more spiritual power.

mission field. We do not need more knowledge; (b) Elements in the present-day We need more character.

appeal of foreign missions which are especially interesting to students. VVe do not need more government: (c) The religion of the present-day We need more culture.

student. We do not need more law; Cd) What the Church means to my VVe need more religion.

generation.

Ce) The Church we face and its We do not need more of the things that are seen; problems. Discussion based on a num- VVe need more of the things that are ber of papers by students. unseen.

ORLD-WiDE

.NORTH AMERICA opportunity of getting on the air for a similar purpose, though it has more An Inter-Racial Experbnent in mind the removal of ignorance as to just what modern Judaism is. THE November issue of the Meth- Hence every Wednesday evening one odist World Service News, de- may hear through WEAF representascribed the experience of Dr. Oxnam, tives of every wing of Jewish faith, now President of DePauw University, Orthodox, Reformed and Conservawhen he was in charge of "The Church tives in all their variations. Chrisof All Nations" in Los Angeles. His tians will find it a convenient means success in obliterating racial lines and of getting a synagogue service at its fostering brotherhood was marked. very best, since unusual efforts have Here are two samples. The Buddhists been made to maintain a high standof that cit,y. had erected a temple. ard in these presentations. Through friendly relations with the Japanese, Dr. Oxnam was invited to deliver the address on Buddha's birth- Results of Indian Missions day. "We met in the temple," he says, "and I sat with the Japanese consul, I N THE Problems of Indian Adminwatched the eager folk who listened istration, the report of a survey to the ritual and the ringing of the made at the request of Secretary Work numerous bells, and deeply appreciated of the Department of the Interior, an the courteous attention they gave to interesting distinction is made bethe address delivered by one who was tween the long-time and the shorta 'foreigner' to them. Then I re- time view of missionaries. The turned home to tell my people about investigators feel that many missionit." And again he writes: "A Japa- aries are inclined to measure things nese child was run over on Seventh by what can be done in their own life- Street. I called and brought a bou- time of service and that, therefore, quet. With all the courtesy of the they are more easily discouraged.

Sunrise Kingdom, the little mother ac- Our Indian work has been very for- cepted the gift. The father was pro- fuse in his appreciation, and the tunate in the fact that all the early loyalty of both since that hour has missionaries to the Dakotas have tak- been inspiring." Of his helpers in en the long-time view. Today, when . that church, he says: "We sought to the second and third generation is employ only those as staff members growing up, we are reaping the fruit who loved people in addition to neces- sary qualifications. It had to be a of their consecrated work; but we in love that leaped across racial bar- turn must also have faith enough to riers." believe that those coming after us will reap the harvest growing out of the Broadcasting Judaism seed which we are sowing.-Rev. Ru- dolf Hertz, Missionary of the Ameri- can Missionary Association.

I N BROADCASTING Roman Ca- tholicism, Protestant denomina- Mormonism Today tions, Christian Science for the propa- DEW people realize the seriousness gation of their forms of faith, The .l' of the Mormon situation in Amer- United Synagogue of America sees its ica. The Utah Gospel Mission to the 1008 Mormons in its quarterly, Light on America is an organized body of Jew- Mormonism, gives ten outstanding ish men and women who believe Jesus great facts about Mormonism: Christ to be their Lord and Saviour, the promised Messiah of Israel accord- 1. There are now over 600,000 Mor- ing to the Scriptures. The Hebrew mons, of the two main kinds-both Christian Alliance stands for a brothdangerous. erhood of a twice-exiled people. First, because we are a part of homeless 2. About 142,000 square miles of Israel, wandering among the Gentiles; territory are dominated by Utah Mor- and, second, because our attachment monism, besides manY smaller centers to Christ Jesus-the stone rejected by elsewhere, into which they spread. the Jewish builders-has made us re- jected stones also. Our nation has 3. Utah Mormonism has over 2,000 cast us off. emissaries out proselyting, organized with officers in eleven districts of Its membership includes Hebrew America and several abroad. Christians of all denominations and an international organization has been 4. These emissaries teach untrue formed with which nineteen national doctrines, contrary to the Bible and organizations have affiliated. reason, and dangerous in their effects. Traditionally the Jews believe 5. They get approximately 10,000 Christianity to be an idolatrous reproselytes from nominal church mem- ligion, anti-semitic in its spirit and bers yearly. history. But the members of the He- brew Christian Alliance, a visible and 6. Mormonism has doubled in twen- tangible body of believers in Christ, ty-five years; largely because we have demonstrate that Christianity is mononot taken care of our own people. theistic and has its roots in Messianic Judaism: that Jesus is the promised 7. The real cure is teaching the Jewish Messiah, according to the Mormon people the true Gospel and Scriptures. When Jews find the mem- Bible in place of their system of bers of their own race believe these errors; and warning everybody intel- things and are lovers of their people, ligently about Mormonism. they (the unconverted Jews) are in- fluenced and encouraged to examine 8. Mormons are trained against at- for themselves the claims of Christ. tending Christian church services, and Many Jews are, as Nicodemus of old, cannot be evangelized by ordinary secret searchers and some even secret methods, as has been proven by sixty believers; and when they hear of the years of such effort. Alliance of Hebrew Christians they are encouraged to make an open con- 9. Hence the necessity of a travel- fession of their faith in Christ. These ing work, like the Utah Gospel Mis- are encouraged to join the Alliance sion, taking the message to the homes for active service. by voice and print, with every detail specially adapted to the peculiar need. Feathers and Paint-the Gospel 10. In spite of apathy and other THE Presbyterian Survey for Nogreat hindrances, the results of this vember has as a title, "Take Our work have come, to Jan. 1, 1928: 400,- Feathers and Paint, but Give Us the 000 at meetings, over 400,000 house- Gospel." Its author reminds us that to-house calls, 34,000,000 pages of work for the Indians was the first Gospel print used, 32,000 Bibles sold Presbyterian mission work, before the and given, etc. Probably nine-tenths division into Northern and Southern of the work done was in homes other- branches. The present Southern wise unreached and unreachable by Presbyterian work for them is for other methods. two tribes. This home mission work Hebrew Christian Alliance ASCHOOL of missions was held by this Alliance during the summer at Winona Lake.

The Hebrew Christian Alliance of 5

has been worth while. Oklahoma is LATIN AMERICA its main center and the original Presbytery has grown into two more. Mexican Catholic Petition Though it is commonly believed that the Indian is a dying race, those in T HE controversy that has set the Oklahoma are not dying out. Gov- Roman Catholic church in Mexico ernment statistics show that one in opposition to the government seems tribe, the Choctaws, e. g., have in- to be on the way to solution. A peticreased 1,200 when the total is about tion bearing nearly two million sig- 28,000. One of their number says: natures, presented to the Mexican "We have lawyers, doctors, merchants congress by Catholics, outlines a and bankers among us. There are a program for changes in the Mexican number of us in the Congress of the constitution and in the laws regulat- United States, and a number occupy ing religion which, if carried into efother places of prominence. We have fect, will satisfy the church. The the benefits of Christian civilization demands of the Catholic petition are and will be here for years to come." three: Lost in Alaska. "Recognition of the existence of dif- ferent religious bodies, faiths, and HERE is a 'Picture of Alaskan life. creeds; recognition of the separation An Eskimo boy started out last of church and state and interdepend- November to get willows, but it ence of both; and no legislation by snowed hard that day. His dogs spied the state in church affairs." some reindeer, made after them and finally got away from him. In his General statements such as these efforts to catch them, he went farther require careful definition, the state and farther from home. When he de- can regard it as clear victory to find cided to give up the chase he had only that the church is ready to renounce a hazy idea as to where he was. He these long-claimed privileges: the walked over the tundra until night right to the direction of education, overtook him, when he happened upon including the national schools; gova patch of willows where he camped ernment aid in the enforcement of over night. Fortunately he grasped vows taken in the religious orders; his ax before the dogs escaped and subventions by the state for the aid with it he chopped wood for a fire. He of Catholic schools; rights to hold had three matches in his pocket and property and conduct industries (rewith the second one he lighted a fire serving only the right to possess such which he kept going through the property as is absolutely necessary for night and so did not freeze. His carrying on the affairs of the church) ; mother and the neighbors sought for and recognition of Roman Catholicism him that night in vain. Near noon as the state religion. If the Catholic the next day they brought him in on Church will give up these claims, and a sledge, as he was six miles from if it will consent to a regime in which home and almost exhausted. When all religious bodies stand equal before asked whether he was not very much the law, it may find a basis under frightened during the night, he re- which it will be free to carryon its plied, "No," for when he prayed he activities, received the assurance that all was well. Many similar cases of hard- King of a Haitian Isle ships and real danger are told of the Christians in going to Christmas-eve THE lIe de Gonave, lying off Haiti, meetings and other festivals, when has a population of some 10,000, clothes are frozen stiff upon them, all of them Negroes descended from while ears and toes are also frozen. the first slaves brought over by the Spanish. They are little removed from the state of savagery of their ancestors, with the voodoo cult their main religion. An enlisted man of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

our Marine Corps, Faustin Wirkus, An Argentina Problem was stationed there a few years ago and for two years was the only white A REPORT on the steady increase man on the Island. He did for the in the population of Argentina people all that he could as an enlisted and of the high civilization in the officer, and when they saw that he greater part of the country concludes sought only their welfare, they elected that "civilization does not spell chris- him as their king, and address him as tianization, nor even evangelization. "Your Majesty." The office of king Some of the worst evils are winked at carries with it that of high priest of by modern civilization and some of the the voodoo cult. A mission had been worst sins and vices are fostered and started previous to his coming, but fondled in its lap. had been abandoned. King Faustin I was instrumental in the return of a "Perhaps the most pressing need in white missionary, and the natives are Argentina from our evangelical stand- being converted to Christianity rap- point, is the thorough evangelization idly. While everything is primitive of the rural sections. Though much with no modern machinery, King remains to be done in the city and Faustin has been content to remain town areas, much is being done, and there because of the success attend- the churches established in them must ing his efforts to help the Negroes. be trusted and encouraged to launch In a sense he is a missionary King.- out boldly in reaching their immediate Christian Endeavor World. neighbors. But the great problem is how to reach the farmers and the A Barber Evangelist workmen scattered over the country districts. History proves that in Ca- REV. R. R. GREGORY, secretary of nada, Australia, New Zealand and the the Caribbean Agency of the United States, the cities have drawn American Bible Society, writes of a on the rural districts for the powerful new group of believers at Supia, Co- men and women to tell them how to lombia, a town in a mountain region live. These great men and women practically isolated from the outside were cradled in the Christian homes, world. He says: Sunday schools, and churches of rural communities. Argentina still lacks, "Five years ago one of our colpor- to a large extent, this vital contributeurs, in company with a missionary, tion to its national life. In most counvisited the place. Several Bibles were try districts scores of its young sold, and an acquaintance was made manhood spend their Sundays at the with a number of very friendly people, country saloons, drinking, horse racincluding a barber who was a regular ing, gambling, and being polluted reader of El Mensaje Evangdico, pub- moraliy."-Neglected Continent. lished at Cali, in the southwestern part of Colombia. Later this barber EUROPE and his son visited Cali and Medellin, and bought not only Bibles and song Historic Methodist Conference books, but other evangelical literature. He also secured ten subscriptions to THE Conference at Liverpool last El Mensaje Evangelico. The reading summer assures the union of the of this paper stimulated Bible study. three Methodist bodies of Great Britain, and an Enabling Bill will be "The barber shop became a gospel introduced in the next session of center, and the barber and his son, Parliament. In addressing the Con- Emilio, became the expounders of the ference, Rev. E. A. French asserted Word of God. When Emilio married, that as a divided Methodism had the little group interested in the study stressed its differences, so a united of the Bible found a home open to them Methodism would stress its common and a more congenial place for their faith. A united Methodism would discussions and Bible readings." help toward a more effective evan-

gelism. Sir Robert Perks, in second- M. Barsoumian, an Armenian pasing the union resolution, said that he tor, works among his countrymen at earnestly believed that the result of Marseilles and holds meetings in a this union would be to set the coun- Salvation Army Hall loaned for the try on fire again, and bring such a purpose. The average attendance is season of spiritual prosperity that about one hundred, and a church is they would forget the differences that being organized.-The Bible in the have separated them in recent years. World. In the presidential address, Dr. Lightley said: "When all reservations German Missions Progress have been made it will be conceded by all that there is nothing quite as im- T HE Leipzig Missionary Society portant as this question of religious reports a very satisfactory year, experience for us as a Christian com- having been able to reestablish work munity. Whatever of distinction may in its former fields in Africa and have been won by us in the religious India. The Director, Dr. Ihmels, world for generosity, organization, visited both fields and returned with preaching power, or social service, our enthusiastic reports about the progoutstanding contribution to the Chris- ress of the work. During the time tian Church as a whole has been our when German missionaries were not testimony that· this is the goal toward allowed in Africa, the work was cared all else must tend, and the final test for by the Augustana Synod of Amerof a Church's success." It was Wes- ica. Now both groups work in adley's new experience of the indwelling joining fields, the Americans taking Christ in the soul which set England Iramba (Arambo) and the Germans on fire at the birth of Methodism. the rest of the former territory near Without this there would have been the Kilimandjaro, Tanganyika. There no Wesley hymns as we know them, are now in the German fi,eld over and in simple truth no Methodism at 13,000 Christians and 2,248 inquirers. all. In one place, Madshame, Dr. Ihmels took part in the dedication of a church ArDlenians in France erected without aid from abroad- not only without financial help, but DOCTOR CHARLES SAROLEA, also without direction in the building Professor of French Literature operations. The example of this, nain the University of Edinburgh, makes tive congregation is being imitated by the statement that three million aliens others. The Leipzig missionaries are are residents in France. encouraging the natives to make the church truly indigenous, not only al- "Of these three million aliens," he lowing them to develop a native style says, "perhaps the saddest are the Ar- of architecture adapted to the African menians, of whom there are altogether landscape, but also fostering the about 60,000-20,000 of them in Paris adaption of everything typically and 12,000 in Marseilles. Most of African, not anti-Christian, to the life them arrived in France completely of the Africans who have become destitute, fresh from scenes of horror Christian. they can never forget. Sometimes only one or two members of a family In India, the Leipzig Mission is the managed to escape the Turkish mas- lineal descendant of the first Protessacre. In the Oddo camp at Marseilles, tant missions, begun under Ziegenbalg where 1,000 of these unfortunates live, and Pluetschau more than two huntheir conditions are sad in the ex- dred years ago. During the war, the treme. About twenty families live in Lutherans of Sweden nobly cared for each hut, and are only separated from the bereaved mission stations and each other by thin partitions of sack- eventually established the Tamil Evaning. gelical Lutheran Church. The Swed- ish Missionary Society restored to the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Germans the real estate, schools and pari, Secretary of State, transmitted stations that belonged to them and the the Pope's blessing. This year they Germans ceded to the Tamil Church are urging that the Gospel be read at the church buildings and pastors' Mass both in Latin and in Italian. dwellings. The Leipzig Mission has reentered upon its wOIk with re- Russian CODlDlunistic Youth newed vigor, showing a rare adaptability to the present circumstances. ACCORDING to the Komsomolskaya They have now 25,938 Christians. Pravda, during the five years of The majority of the baptisms took this Youth Movement it has organized place in the Swedish part of the field. about 2,000,000, and has grown to be These Tamil Christians have con- an indispensable part of the Soviet tributed rupees 51,037 to self-support. social life and of the communistic edu- The theological seminary, which was cation of children. But there are always noted for its excellence, is 'difficulties in its path. The general maintained jointly by the Swedish aims for which the Communistic and the German societies. Party and the Komsomol are working must be made clear and dear to the Bible Reading for Italian Catholics children. They must be educated in a spirit of collectivism and social life. AMOVEMENT in Italy to make the The children have not yet forgotten Gospels known and read has, as a the old superstitions that their parents papal endorsement, an incident occur- have taught them. The older pioneers ring in 1903, quoted in The Christian must continue this work even among Irishman, from the Osservatore Cat- the adult population; of course they tolico of Milan. In 1903 the Pope must not use coarse measures, mockreceived a deputation from the St. ery, etc., in this work. What a con- Jerome Society for the Circulation of trast this, to American work for the Gospels, which asked for a bless- children and youth! ing upon their work. Pope Pius X granted their request, saying: "Will- AFRICA ingly do I bless it with my two hands and my whole heart, because I am cer- Cairo University Success tain that it is doing the greatest good, and has already been blessed by God. PROFESSOR J. A. ADDISON, who The more the Gospel is read, the more has been a recent lecturer at the is faith revived. The Gospel is a book American University at Cairo, states which is profitable for everyone and this objective in a recent article in for all things. I, who have lived The Cathedral Quarterly. "The Ameramong the people, know well what are ican University was founded to reach ~heir special wants and tastes. You and train Moslems, and especially seek to circulate the Gospel; it is well Moslems of the upper classes in whose done (Brovissimo!) . .. I bless the hands lie the immediate future of members of this Society and all who Egypt. Against all prophecies and devote themselves to a work so holy beyond all expectations, it has sucas the circulation of the Gospel." ceeded. For apparently not only does the University want Moslems but Now twenty-five years later, an as- Moslems want the University. Last tonishing movement among Italian year its numbers doubled, and of its Catholics is reported. A society has 315 students more than half were been formed among orthodox Roman Mohammedan." Catholics to promote the reading of the New Testament led by three clerics An "Ethiopian" Governor's Welcome of distinguished learning. The Society held a Congress last May which DR. LAMBIE, the United Presbyreceived regrets from nearly all the terian pioneer in Abyssinia, Italian Bishops, while Cardinal Gas- leader of the Sudan Interior Mission, has been invited into Southern Abys- sinia by the same Governor Beroo

who ten years ago invited him to come our evangelists walk eighteen, twenty as the first missionary to Western and twenty-two miles every day." Abyssinia. On arriving, worn out with their journey, they were driven A Gorilla C,hapel to prayer as to where to seek an abid- ing place. Soon this answer appeared. AS ONE enters the new brick chapel "A company of fine gentlemen, clothed t. at Elat, in the Cameroun Mission in spotless white, riding fine mules, foot-soldiers by the hundreds, and in of the American Presbyterian Church, the midst, on a magnificent mule, with one sees a new phase in evolution from silver and gold trappings, and sitting gorilla to spiritual man. When Mr. very straight and dignified, was Gov- Culbertson was visiting the mission ernor Beroo. We were going to get and went elephant hunting, he brought off our mules to salute him with' back a gorilla, a forest baby which proper courtesy, but he motioned to cried and clung to him, riding on his us not to do so, and gave us his right hip in true black baby fashion. When hand . . .. He came that afternoon he drove his motorcycle, the baby rode with a big company of men, and drank the spanker seat, his arms around his tea with us. He sent for us early the master's waist. On the arrival of the next morning. Up to this time I had American steamer, one day, Mr. Culnever said one word about our want- bertson sold the baby and with his ing to open a mission in Sidama sale price as a basis, built the much- Province. . .. He asked us how many needed chapel where now are held huts we wanted, and of what size, and morning prayers and mid-week meetwrote them down in his little book, ings and, on afternoons, a school for and said that they should be built …. those who want to learn to read God's God had touched his heart, and had Word.-The Drum Call. heard our prayers, and thus the way had been opened for this great prov- "Hartzell Hospital," Kru Coast ince to hear of the Glad Tidings of Salvation." REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS, Methodist missionary on Kru Earnest African Evangelists Coast, Liberia, Africa, writes: "The Bishop directs us to start building WHAT gives the greatest joy to 'Hartzell Hospital' on this station Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Wentworth, (Nana Kru), not at some far distant of the Africa Inland Mission, is, they day, but now. Funds have been arsay, "to go to a service and take our ranged for by the sale of Hartzell seat with the congregation. To see Academy in Bassa to the government. and hear those young evangelists take This puts new life into all of us. The complete charge of a meeting is up- last month, therefore, proved to be a lifting. To hear them conduct the busy one. The farm received unremittestimony meeting, to listen to their ting attention. Much cleaning and remarks between the testimonies, now planting were done. The boys' kitchen, a word of exhortation, now a word of a mud and thatched building already encouragement, repeating this prom- tottering to its fall, was pulled down, ise and that promise; to hear them and on the site a two-room iron house plead with their relatives to accept the was built by our own students. The path to God's village, exposing the old smaller room forms the kitchen for the life with its fear, superstition and boys; the larger one a recreation and filth, and showing the profit of the study room, with tables and benches new life in Christ Jesus, is indeed and good lights. All hands are carrycause for praise. Four years ago we ing sand to the top of 'Hospital Hill' had but one out-school, today we have for the concrete mixing." Friends of ten. The Gospel is preached in these Bishop Hartzell and friends of the ten villages six days a week. Some of work in Liberia are planning to con- tribute to the funds for the new hos- pital through money sent in care of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the Board of Foreign Missions, 150 of 10,000 marks, which constituted Fifth Avenue, New York.-Christian one third of the sum needed for the Advocate. erection of a mission station in Warn Pamu. Five men had to carry the "Captain of the Men of Death" gift, since it consisted of copper cur- rency! The king excused himself for T HIS title might rightly be claimed not giving the whole sum, saying he by sleeping sickness in Africa, but would have it ready when the misin recent years great progress has sionary came back! been made in its mastery. Physicians may be interested in this quotation Like others of his own race, the from a British medical periodical, king is inclined to drunkenness and where an English Baptist medical in his struggle against his sin, seeks missionary is referred to: the advice and help of the missionary. When the English representative was Perhaps the most brilliant work calling on the king, the latter was so on sleeping sickness has been the suc- drunk that he could not arise to pay cessful treatment of what was for- his respects to the representative of merly regarded as a fatal disease. the British government. The latter This has been due to the elaboration was so disgusted that he immediately of drugs which, when injected into drove away. This sobered the king the blood-stream, are fatal to the try- and he hastened to the house of the panosomes without at the same time missionary and implored him to use being lethal to man. An arsenical his good influence with the English compound known as atoxyl was first official to obtain the latter's pardon. found to be effective, but was super- At the same time he made a vow by seded in 1921 by the introduction by his fetishes to abstain totally from Miss Pearce of tryparsamide. The drink in the future. He has kept his most important work on this drug and vow for quite a long time, but he needs its action on the trypanosomes when the prayers of Christian people to they have invaded the brain and overcome his vice and to be led to central nervous system has undoubt- Christ. edly been done by Dr. Clement Chesterman, of the Baptist Missionary So- A "Heart of Africa" Daniel ciety at Yakusu, and his pioneer work in this direction is regarded as a SCARCELY less heartless than the standard among those who are de- story of Daniel's lion's den is this voted to a study of this subject. situation which confronted a "Heart From Dr. Chesterman's work we now of Africa" mission convert living have a sure indication, not only for under a cannibal chief. The convert, the dosage of the drug and the mode named Zebu, had become an evangelist of administration, but also for the and his abilities were so marked that mode of action and ultimate effect. his chief desired him to accept the headship of a subordinate tribe. This The King of Wam Pamn he declined, regarding it a greater privilege to preach the Gospel. Liv- THE Heidenbote (Basel) contributes ing near his superior, his praying an interesting note on its encour- angered the· head chief because he aging work in Asante, the generous held that his prayers broke the spell Christians in its field and the King of witchcraft ceremonies; so the chief Opong Yan in Warn Pamu, who is declared, "I'll thrash it out of him." friendly to the mission. A mission- Native flogging is on this wise. The ary, Schaefer, tells how the king car- victim is laid on the ground, face ried him a distance of over 200 kilo- downward, and one man holds his meters from one station to another in hands and a second his feet while the his own automobile. On leaving the cruel hippo thong descends on the missionary, he presented to him, as a quivering back. Zebu asked one favor, greeting to the Basel Mission, a gift

that hands and feet might be free. ber of Moslems who are performing "We'll see," said the chief grimly. "It their religious duties is decreasing bedepends on whether or not you can cause of the extreme formalism in prayer keep still." He lay unmoving to re- and worship. The educated people all ceive the stroke, but in the pause that over the Moslem world are finding it is customary after each lash he rose to impossible to perform all their religious his feet and cried: "Hallelujah! I duties. The only reason for such a situaccept it for Jesus' sake," and then ation is that we are bound too much to he lay down again. the exact performance of rituals. The aim of religion is to teach us principles. A Turkey Doctor's Rom.ance It is necessary to interpret these prin- ciples according to the times in which I N QUOTING a college president's we live. My sincere conviction is, that words to his students, "that if they if we want to revive the religious life chose to be missionaries, they must Df Moslems, we must put an end to leave romance behind and expect 90 these rites and ceremonies, we must per cent drudgery," Dr. Cyril Haas eliminate the bowings, prostrations, and standings in prayer, and make it consist rather of an inner humility.

comments thus: "Mission work 90 Work for Jews in Damascus A per cent drudgery and no romance! NEW building was dedicated re- cently to the service of God among With me this whole business has seemed like 90 per cent romance and the Jewish people of Damascus, Syria.

no drudgery.; the romance of fierce The work among Jews in the ancient struggle against daily difficulty; of city is carried on by the Presbyterian facing hazardous tasks and critical Church in Ireland, which sent its first adventures; of trying to play the missionary in 1846. In the early man, eager, alert, aware, in the daily years a good deal of pioneer work was round, in the common task; of trying done by Irish missionaries and also by to train to modern service an ancestral American United Presbyterians as brain, and 'to lift the weight of un- well as by Anglicans through the Lon- numbered years of dead men's habits, don Jews Society. Through an ar- methods and ideas.''' Then he quotes rangement for which none of the as his own Prof. James' words: "We present generation is responsible, must make new energies and hardi- work among Christians was taken up.

hoods continue the manliness to which The result was that the work among the military mind so clings. Martial Syrian Christians was emphasized virtues must be the enduring cement. at the expense of the work among the The martial type of character can be Jews. A few years ago the Presby- bred without war." terian Church in Ireland, recognizing its duty to Israel, decided to push its NEAR EAST Jewish work, and gradually withdrew To Modernize Islam from the work among Syrian Chris- AHMED SAHIB BEY, a notable tians. There are many witnesses .t. Moslem magistrate of Calcutta, among the so-called Christians of India, the founder and chairman of Syria; but it now is the only mission The Islam Educational Society, re- at work among the Jews in the whole cently paid a visit to Turkey. He was of French Syria.

traveling in Moslem lands in order to observe and investigate all the changes Jerusalem Y. M. C. A.

S and recent developments in the Mos- ECRETARY A. C. HARTE writes of the ceremony of laying the lem world, and write a book on the subject. He had already visited cornerstone of the new Y. M. C. A.: Egypt, Palestine and Syria. In an All the Oriental chur~hes were interview with one of the editors of represented, as well as the Protestant Vakut, a Turkish newspaper, he said: churches. The consular service was The aim of the Islam Educational well represented. The High Commissociety is to moderni:?:e Islam. The num- sioner, Field Marshall the Lord Plumer

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

laid the cornerstone and gave the ad- found today as teachers in schools, dress emphasizing the need of the hospital nurses, workers in welfare spirit of brotherhood. The Syrian centers, weavers in carpet factories, Metropolitan read the Gospel in silk weavers, and in other walks of Aramaic, the language of Jesus. life. They take their share in evan- gelism, visiting the sick in both hos- A Leba.non Insane Retreat pitals and homes, and in their simple way they bear testimony to their T HE humane work of the Lebanon neighbors of the faith they hold." Hospital for the Insane is appreciated by Moslems, even though under An Opening Wedge into Afgha.nistan Christian missionary auspices. One reason for this may be seen in the T HE contract for the construction story told by its former medical super- and maintenance of all the railways intendent, Dr. Wolff. He describes a in Afghanistan has been awarded to great cavern, said to have been the a Berlin firm. Preliminary work hermitage of St. Anthony, who im- under the direction of German engiparted healing merit to the insane in neers will be undertaken shortly. his day. "There was one patient who Thus this "land of rocks and stones had been lying quite nake~ under a and sanguinary feuds" is evidencing huge stone, his feet and neck in iron the value of the Amir's 'European chains. For twelve days he had been visit.. "It is interesting to note," says confined in that position, in the fear- The United Presbyterian, "that alful darkness of this awful cave, the though Afghanistan has always been walls of which were running with icy closed to travel of Europeans, and parwater. No wonder that these wretched ticularly of missionaries, three Amervictims often breathe their last at this ican missionaries and an Indian were place." It was to prevent patients permitted to travel to Kabul this sumfrom being treated in this inhuman mer by private car without any special way that the Friends' Foreign Mis- difficulty. In view of the fact that sion Association established their our Punjab mission borders on Afunique institution on the slopes of ghanistan, this even may be of sig- Lebanon. nificance."

Christian Women in Persia INDIA AND SIAM ~~T HE segregation of sexes is very Gandhi and Indian Wom.en pronounced in Persia," writes I N AN article upon "Freedom of Rev. W. Wilson Cash, "and the Women in India," the famous Inrule of the veil is strictly observed dian sage says, of the seclusion and even among schoolgirls. Imagine, isolation of Indian womanhood: then, the change when women come forward for baptism, as many of them "We want the women of our provdo. Some are married women and ince to be as free to move about and undergo all kinds of persecution in take their legitimate part in the life their homes. The husbands disap- of the community in all particulars as prove of their change of faith, and their sisters in Karnatak, Maharashevery effort is made to induce them to tra, and Madras in an essentially Inrecant. The unmarried girls are dian way, avoiding all attempts of more fortunately situated, and are Europeanization; for while we hold able to find Christian husbands, thus that a change from enforced seclusion laying the foundations for Christian to a complete Anglicization would be homes. These women enter the life like dropping from frying-pan into of the church with all the zest of the fire, we feel that purdah must go, if men. They take their share in all that we want our women to develop along goes on, and fearlessly declaring them- Indian ideals. If we want them to selves to be Christians. They are add grace and beauty to our social life apd rajse its moral tone, if we want

them to be excellent managers at Christian. Mr. Perkins writes: "He home, helpful companions of their hus- is afraid that if he becomes a Chrisbands, and useful members of the com- tian, he will lose all his property, munity, then the purdah, as it now which consists of two villages. Nor exists, must go." is his wife willing to become a Chris- tian. The moment he is baptized, she British Commission for India will be divorced from him, according to Mohammedan law, and he will not I AST September this Commission be allowed to look upon her face. Even L started on its second visit to if she would consent to live with him India. Their task is to advise Parlia- after his baptism, Mohammedan law ment as to what changes it should would hold her as living in adultery. make in India's present form of gov- This makes work among Mohamernment. While the Legislative As- medan families very difficult. We do sembly (India's House of Commons) not wish to break up their families." voted to boycott the Commission on its first visit, it has now decided to Languages of India cooperate with the Commission. Seven of the nine provincial assemblies have ~~Al'[Q!'[UMENTAL work, recently also decided to work with the Com- completed, has two features of mission. As opposed to this friendly movement of India, the Home Rulers special interest to those concerned have prepared a report which would about the Bible being made available give Indians virtual independence. in all tongues. In his linguistic sur- vey of India, Sir George Grierson has Indian Outcastes and the Church listed 179 languages and 544 dialects in the Indian Empire, excluding the WITHIN the last forty years about Madras Presidency, the native states ninety per cent of the converts to of Hyderabad and Mysore and Burma Christianity have come from the out- [approximately one-fifth of India castes. When these, to the number of omitted]. For the purpose of comsome 3,000 a week, are gathered in by parison, the Parable of the Prodigal all denominations into the churches, Son was translated into all these lanit is obvious that the teaching and guages and dialects."-Bible Society pastoral care of these new Christians Record. must be of first importance in Indian mISSIOns. It also shows the tragedy A Living Advertisement of the Methodist appeal years ago for new workers, when they declared that PIECE of medical mission work 150,000 outcastes, desiring to enter A much appreciated by the villagers that Church, had to be refused because in and around Montgomerywala, Punthey had no adequate supply of mis- jab, India, is being run by. a worker sionaries to oversee this work. The of the Church Missionary Society. All Church Missionary Society's surveys sorts of ailments are treated at this show that in many districts, one little dispensary, while operation worker has as many as twenty villages cases are passed on to the Society's with Christian congregations under hospital at Multan. One woman who his sole care, the survey showing that came for treatment required operathe needs arising out of the mass tion, but the fear of both herself and movement may be summed up in one her husband led her to refuse to go word-education. into the hospital. However, after gentle persuasion she consented. The Cost of Moslem Baptism operation was successful, and the pa- tient returned to her village a bright REV. J. T. PERKINS of the Meth- and happy woman, telling her Moslem odist Mission in Hyderabad, tells neighbors of the kindness shown to of a Moslem who believes in Jesus but her in the hospital, and dispelling the who is afraid to become a baptized fear of the other villagers who pre-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

viously were afraid to go for treat- sertion is evident everywhere. The dement. "She was a splendid advertise- mand for higher education, for public ment, says the missionary-in-charge." professions and universal suffrage is the outcome of this realization. In short, Siamese Mission Centennial women have discovered the vast possi- bilities of life, and they will not be satis- I N DECEMBER the celebration of fied until they have lived it to the full the hundredth year of Protestant extent. missions in that country will take place. This work began under the Ohina's Disba.nded Troops settled ministry of American Board representatives, Dr. Bradley and Mr. THIS is one of the greatest of the Caswell, tutor to the King, and in re- nation's civic problems just now. cent years has been conducted almost Chambers of Commerce have sent the wholly by American Presbyterians. following telegram on the subject: The work has been one of slow prog- "In order to prevent these disbanded ress among the Buddhists, though soldiers from drifting into banditry, very successful among the Lao ani- appropriate work should be provided mists of the north. While communi- so as to convert them into productive cants number less than 5,000, the laborers, thereby hastening the deinfluence of missionaries upon the de- velopment of industry and bringing velopment of the nation has been very peace to the people." General F€mg significant. The centenary celebra- has ordered a subordinate general to tion in Siam itself aims to show the establish a factory for one of the army people how great progress of higher units to provide them employment, kinds has been made in a century. A arguing that since these soldiers have pageant, street parades, and exhibits sacrificed themselves for the sake of of various sorts, together with meet- the country, they should be given regings addressed by speakers in Eng- ular service training in factories so lish, Siamese and Chinese, will be that they may earn a living at home leading features of the occasion. during their lifetime.

OHINA AND TIBET The "Christian Genera.l" in Honan A Notable Ohinese Testimony ACHINESE writer in The China Weekly Review (Sept. 1) tells in ONE of the greatest warriors and detail of what this much debated Gen- statesmen of the last century in eral has done within the past year for China was Marquis Tseng. His the province over which he has ruled. daughter was permitted by him to de- More than 200 miles of motor roads cide whether she would become a have been built or improved; public Christian only after a thorough study parks have been laid out in Kaifimg of the question by her and his ap- and Cheng-chow-partly in order to proval of her findings. It led to ~er do away with gambling and prostituconversion and later to the foundmg tion-the latter city's park having a of what is now The Girls' College at public playground, public library and Changsha, of which she is the devoted people's school; houses for the poor head. In an article by her upon "The have been erected, one of them a vast Changed Women of China and Their building with 6,000 rooms which is Need of Christ," found in the Church already partly completed; commerce Overseas for October, is this brief ex- has been greatly furthered by dredgcerpt as to the changed outlook on life: ing and reopening the Chia Lu River; and the opening of schools for The women are beginning to realize farmers who constitute two-thirds of that they have in them individual per- the population has been undertaken. sonalities which need developing, and vo- These schools are making education cations in life which must be worked democratic and are imparting a out. The seeking of freedom, for self- knowledge of mathematics, music, the expression, self-development and self-as-

National language, as well as prac- trustees in one respect. Regardless of tical subjects. Fimg's eulogist says: the relative merits of the required and "He loves people and people love him. It is this mutual love which leads him voluntary system of religious instruction, to administer, and to administer suc- cessfully and satisfactorily . . .. He :we ha,:,e felt that since missionary effort disciplines his troops well, so well that he is often regarded by them as their m Chma was for the time being so father. So without any remuneration closelx ~ssociated with the unequal but only with a bit of bare bread, they treatles, It would be better to yield to the stick to him very closely and faithfully." In social ways he is also a demands of the Central Government at benefactor, through farmer and labor movement committees, turning bandit least for the time being, in order to help lairs into model districts, erecting so- heal ~he wound that is in the popular cial halls for laborers and for farmers. Thus he illustrates his private motto, conSCIOusness and to accept limited op- "Not to be ministered unto, but to minister." portunities of service, rather than to close down our work. Papal Missionaries and Nationalists Upon "the Roof of the World" "CCORDING to the Kuo Wen news ABIT of cheering news comes from .tl. agency, a high Peking ecclesiastic the Moravian field in Lesser Tibet. Walter Aboe writes: has received a cable from the Pope giving instructions that, since a great "The Mission here is fortunate in part of China's unequal treaties with receiving the sympathy and support Foreign Powers has to do with re- of the Commissioners who are apligion and churches, he wishes all the pointed to administer this district. members of the Roman Catholic This support is of the highest im- Church to give up their rights as de- portance as it conduces to friendly rived from these unequal treaties and cooperation in the best interests of the obey the Nationalist Government in people. The impact of Christianity is China. He thus agrees in this posi- having its effect on their general outtion with Protestant leaders of many look on life. The blind adherence societies. upon Lamaistic dogma is being re- placed by a mood of inquiry as to the Hangchow College Closed reasonableness or otherwise of the doctrine and superstitions which MISSIONARY colleges in China hitherto were accepted without ques- are in extreme anxiety, anent the tion. The task of making Christ government requirements as to their known to these demon-tormented hillreligious status, if they are to con- men is desperately hard, but in spite tinue. In the North China Herald of of failure and defeat we press on to July 14th is a statement by President ultimate victory." Fitch which shows the position of the men primarily responsible to the Chi- In Peril in Tibet nese for the college. The trustees, however, decided against the Govern- I N THE Australian Christian World ment requirements and the college was we read the following account of a closed. While stating to the Chinese perilous homegoing from China: public the strong reasons beneath the trustee's decision, he adds the follow- "A China Inland Missionary, Mr. ing: J. T. Mathewson, in company with a The Field Board of Directors, the faculty and myself, have concurred in hold- German and an American, made a tening an opinion contrary to that of the months' trip, full of peril, from Kansu Province in China to Kashmir, in safety. These mbeehnealidviendg,asfaTceibdetsatanrs~ barely escaped vation and robbers, and by the help of Mohammedans, and Mongols, Tibetans and British, got through, and Mr.

Mathewson is in Melbourne, after be- ing reported dead in August last year. "In perils oft" is quite a Paul- ine experience.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

JAPAN AND KOREA wisdom and power to the poor. To this we witnessed with all our might. Tokyo Y. M. C. A. "In time the meeting in the empty I N J APAN the Association was re- lot became one in a tent, one in a cently thrown into a position of the hired house, and now we possess utmost importance by the Premier's rented land and a sizable building. appeal to all classes of people to unite Now we can proclaim the gospel freely in guarding the youth of the nation and peaceably. Last June we held the from contamination. He appeals espe- fifth anniversary of our settling. We cially to religious bodies to assist in believe that Christ has commanded us the building of character in the young. to labor until these 7,500 poor friends Recently Prince Chichibu, heir to the of ours have decent homes and live throne, paid the Tokyo Association the without fear of hunger, and until honor of a visit of several hours. they all desire to come to our Lord, New "Y" buildings have been erected and dying to sin, live in Him to in Osaka and Yokohama, while the righteousness." Tokyo building, toward which the citizens of Tokyo have already con- Chinese in Korea tributed $300,000, when completed, will be the finest plant in any Oriental I AST Spring an evangelistic camcity. L paign among immigrants from Suzuki in Tokyo SluUls China was undertaken by a few mis- sionaries and Chinese associates. THIS worker began years ago in the Some eighteen Korean cities and slums of a factory district near towns were visited for from one day Tokyo, inhabited by some 80,000 to a week or more. The Chinese were workers. Here are some of the things mostly from Shantung Province. he says about it: Koreans had been praying for this campaign and they willingly offered "At night we gathered together in the evangelists the use of their an empty lot the poor children, and churches. In practically every place told them stories to interest them the Chinese were responsive; they atbased upon the Bible, and so tried to tended the meetings and willingly reteach them the meaning of a straight ceived tracts and in several cities a life. After the children's meeting, we number of those interested in Christaught the Gospel of the true God to tianity gave their names. In Fusan the young people. We taught them a building has been rented and a memthat religion is not the possession ber of the party was left to conserve solely of those blessed with leisure the results. The reflex blessing reand money who wear fine clothes and ceived is thus described in part: live in grand houses and have ample "The evangelistic trip was unique in time to attend church and means to that it was not only a time of preachgive alms and do works of charity; ing the Gospel, but also a time of rebut that poor people, like ourselves, ceiving a blessing through contact who need much time to earn a living with the Korean churches. It was an and have to make a real sacrifice to go inspiration to see those huge Korean to church, who know what want is in congregations who, out of poverty maintaining themselves and their which seems to be as dire as that of families and cannot give money to the the poorer Chinese, build their own Church as they desire–that such as churches and pay the salaries of their we can find comfort and strength and own pastors. Once a year or oftener, light in 'religious faith. We taught, more than half the membership come above all, that Christ who dwells with together in smaller or larger groups God in the highest had for our sakes at their own expense to be instructed lived the poorest life, and that He in the Word of God-this at least bewaits to give peace without stint and ing true in Northern Korea."

Evangelism and Revival of school.) Ere long the inside space was full and every window and the THE Korean Christian community door were filled to overflowing with today numbers over three hundred grown-ups looking in. The singing thousand, a much larger proportion was 'fearfully and wonderfully' done, than in China, Japan or India. But but it all had a redeeming featurethe work of evangelization is pro- 'it was enjoyed by all.''' And here gressing and over one million copies was what their teacher said of the of scripture portions are being sold work: "What a great responsibility annually in Korea. There have al- and privilege has been mine, in leadready been distributed enough copies ing those children to Christ. I decided of the Word of God to supply one to first of all that they should see Christ every man, woman and child of the in me. A hard thing, of course, to do, eighteen million Koreans. but thank God through Christ, for His grace to overcome." Rev. M. B. Stokes, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, writes that Filipino Lepers' Generosity this year has been marked by a new religious revival. The Korean Chris- OUR Government is doing much for tians themselves are conducting the the unfortunates of the Culion evangelistic campaigns and as a result Leper Colony, and is being ably secinterest has greatly increased. The onded by missionaries. One of them spirit of prayer is especially marked. says of the lepers, that there never Power from God is working among was a more generous people, according the people. At Yandukwon, the Chris- to their means, than members of the tians fasted and prayed for seven Leper Church. Aside from paying a weeks before the special services and janitor, a deaconess, furnishing every spent one whole night in prayer. Be- deceased member with a simple coffin fore the first service the people spent and procuring items of special diet three hours confessing their sins and for the sick, they sent $25 to the asking forgiveness. The evidence of American Bible Society, a like gift to the power of the Holy Spirit coming the American Leper Association after on the Christians was their eagerness they had heard of poor unfortunate to win others to Christ. They went leper outcasts in other lands whom no to every house in the village and the one had as yet cared for, and $10 for movement spread. – Church Miggion- the Manila Union Theological Semary Gleaner. inary. It is also their custom not to let a cured member go away without a ISLANDS OF THE SEA few dollars in his or her pocket; and special prayer is offered for them that Vacation Bible Schools in Manila God will keep them and open a way for them in the world outside the colony. HERE is a snap-shot of one of them. "A regular slum district it Australian Methodist Missions was. Half an hour before class time the children were there. And such an THE Methodist Missionary Society array! Clean children and dirty chil- of Australia report, for 1927, their dren, neat children and ragged chil- missionary force as 37, with 12 lay dren, big children and little children, missionaries and 35 missionary sisters children clothed and children with who have oversight over and partici- 'never a stitch' on, but children all, pate personally in work in the South waiting for their teacher. When he Sea Islands, India and Nortlrern Ausarrived, the fifty or sixty children tralia, and includes day schools, workflocked inside, the cleaner, better shops, technical schools, agriculture in dressed children on the front benches, actual practice, as well as the care of the others shyly filling up the space 1,141 churches and over 580 other behind. (Even that told its storythe effect, already, of the two weeks

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

preaching places. Church members in hastening the Kingdom of Heaven.

number 37,075, with 28,025 catechu- A greater knowledge of their prob- mens. Attendants at public worship lems on our part; a keener sympathy number 159,833. Surely this rela- and interest in their trials and hopes; tively small force cannot be idle. removing the shock arising from our directing charity directly toward them MISCELLANEOUS by showing our reasons for so doing, Religious Peace Conference and thus causing them to understand the impulse leading them to a genuine DURING the latter part of Sep- Christian life – these are possible tember, 124 members of many re- steps toward the true help of our Jewligions assembled at Geneva to plan ish brothers that have been suggested. for a Universal Religious Peace Con- ference in 1930. There were Hindus, Buddhists, Confucianists, Parsees, Bible Society's Output F Jews, Christians, J ains, Shintoists, OR the first time in its history the American Bible Society has issued Zoroastrians and others in the group; more Bibles and portions than the yet they acted together with a re- British and Foreign Bible Society, markable sense of unity, and voted foremost in the number issued per unanimously to proceed with their plan. annum. During the last year they Three main questions will come be- published 10,034,797 volumes, whereas fore this Conference: (1) What is the British Society up to March 31, each religious group doing in peace 1928, had issued 9,936,714 volumes. education and promotion 7 (2) What Its Annual Report, recently published, can each religious group learn from has been very favorably noted by misthe methods of other groups 7 (3) How can all the religious groups co- sionary secretaries and others.

operate in creating international good will, and how could they act unitedly COMING EVENTS in face of an actual war crisis? UNITED STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL, Ro- chester, N. Y.•……•…… Dec. 3-4 Trhe Jews and Jesus FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES, QUADRENNIAL MEETING, Rochester CONSIDERABLE influence favor- N. Y•……•.•••…..•… Dec. 5-12 ing Jesus is being exerted by Dr. Klausner's Jesus of Nazareth, first NATIONAL INTERRACIAL CONFERENCE, published in 1923. Coming from as full-blooded Judaism as anywhere Washington, D. C••..•..•• Dec. 16-19 COUNCIL OF CHURCH BOARDS OF EDU- CATION, Chattanooga, Tenn…. Jan. 6-8 HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL, Atlantic exists, and though not an approach to City, N. J …………•..•• Jan. 8-10 Christianity, it is read widely by CONFERENCE OF THE CAUSE AND CURE Jews, three editions of the Hebrew original having been exhausted. It OF WAR, Washington, D. C.. Jan. 14-18 FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA, Detroit .. Jan. 15-18 probably has had a wider circulation than any volume of equal size in mod- PERSONALS ern Hebrew. An English translation DR. SAMUEL K. HUTTON, of Poole, Dorhas been sold extensively among set, England, has been made secretary of the oldest Protestant missionary society, American Hebrews, and French and that of the Moravian Churches. He was German translations are being pre- born at Kilkeel, County Down, Ireland, pared. in 1877, the son of the Rev. Robert Hut- ton. He took his medical degrees to With this attitude of intelligent qualify as a medical missionary, and in Jewry favoring an increase of knowl- i9()2 took charge of the Okak Mission edge of the historical life of Jesus, Hospital on the Labrador coast where with its wondrous teaching and power, he remained until 1913. He is the author our problem is how to convince the of two books on life in Labrador-"By Eskimo Dog Sled and Kayak," and Jew that adherence and allegiance to "Health Conditions and Disease Inthe Person of Jesus are essential steps cidence among the Eskimos of Labrador."

DR. JOHN R. MOTT, having retired have attained passed away on Aug. 18, from the General Secretaryship of the 1928, in Raga;z, Switzerland. He was a American Christian Association, begins member of the World's Committee of the his duties as representing the Jerusalem Y. M. C. A. from 1913-26 and its Vice- Conference and the International Mis- President from 1920-26. sionary Council, by making a journey through Europe, India, Burma, Ceylon, .. .. * Siam and the Philippines, China, Korea and Japan. His object is through con- J. M. PATTERSON, LL.D., until October ferences to aid in the coordination of 1st, a Secretary of the Presbyterian missionary operations in all fields. He Board of Foreign Missions, with headis accompanied by Mrs. Mott, his daugh- quarters in St. Louis, died on Sunday, ter Eleanor, and his secretary. October 28th, at De Queen, Ark., after a long illness. At the time of the union *** of the Presbyterian U. S. A. and Cum- berland Presbyterian Churches in 1907, THE REV. ARTHUR E. HARPER, princi- Dr. Patterson, then a Secretary of the pal of Moga Training School, has been Cumberland Board of Home Missions, granted the Kaisar-i-Hind medal, by the was called to the work for the Foreign British Government, for his work for Board. village teachers in India. Mrs. William H. Wiser of Mainpuri, another American * * .. Presbyterian Missionary also received the same honor because of social service SAMUEL RHEA GAMMON, who died on last Fourth of July, was one of the mis- …. work among village Christians. sionary statesmen of the· Southern Pres- byterian Chureh. Born in Virginia in CHARLES A. GUNN, of the Presby- 1865, graduating from King College and terian Architects bureau in China, and at Union Theological Seminary, Hamp- Sam Dean of the Truth Hall School of den-Sidney, Va., he went to Brazil in Engineering Practice, Peiping (Peking), 1889, his station being Campinas, in the were recently awarded Second prize of State of Sao Paulo. In 1891, owing to $2,000 for designs and plans for a new yellow fever ravages fatal to some of the building for the Metropolitan Library of missionaries, he went to Lavras, where that city. The Library was made pos- he and his devoted wife built up what is sible by America's remission to China of now Gammon Institute–a school with further payments of the Boxer indem- the finest property in the State, and nity. housing over 500 students taught by a staff of over forty teachers. *** When Dr. Gammon was buried all the THE REV. R. M. HOPKINS, D.D., who business houses of Lavras closed their has been engaged in religious education doors, as did all the' schools of the city, since 1900, and since 1922 has been including the College of Our Lady of Chairman of the Council of Religious Lourdes. Even the movies and a passing Education, is now the General Secretary circus had no shows that day. of the North American Section of the World's Sunday School Association. As .. .. * Vice Chairman of the Program Committee of the recent Los Angeles Con- DR. C. A. R. JANVIER, principal of the vention he exhibited qualities that Ewing Christian College at Allahabad, commended him to delegates to that died in India on Saturday, November Convention which it may be, had an at- 3rd as a result of injuries received from tendance of 7,600. Its statistics show an a fall. He was the son of a Presbyterian enrollment of 32,677,611 in the Protest- missionary, Levi Janvier, and was born in Abington, Pa., sixty-eight years ago. . .. .. ant Sunday Schools of the world. He was graduated from Princeton Col- lege in 1880 and from the Theological DR. AND MRS. S. M. ZWEMER, in their Seminary in 1884. He sailed for India in recent tour of India in the interest of 1887 and after fourteen years returned Moslems, report that they visited 24 to America and became pastor of the cities, met 19 study groups in which 704 Holland Memorial Presbyterian Church, persons were enrolled, gave 353 lectures Philadelphia. In 1913 he returned to and addresses, and traveled 8,900 miles India to take the presidency of Ewing by rail or motor. Christian College. At one time he was editor of the Indian Standard and of the OBITUARY Christian Treasury, a vernacular paper, and was the author of several historical FRANK THOMAS who for more than missionary volumes. For his distinthirty years had exercised a width of in- guished work as an educator Dr. Janvier fluence through his sermons that few received the Kaiser-i-Hind medal from the Indian Government.

WOIUH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Our Asiatic Christ. Oscar MacMillan deals with the implications of this at- Buck. 181 pp. $1.25. New York. tractiveness. The author presents cer- 1927. tain characteristic principles funda- mental to the religious life of India This is an appealing book. The and discloses how perfectly Jesus typistyle, born of the fact that the chap- fies these principles and how more and ters were first prepared as lectures, more non-Christian Indians are usadds to the force of the appeal. The ing Him as their ideal personified. author writes from the standpoint of These implications, or ideas, are conone who loves India as the land of his tained in the well-known Indian birth and boyhood and profession. It words: "Ahimsa" – negatively, the deals with a country which, with the principle of non-violence, postively, the rich heritage of the past, faces con- principle of active beneficence; the fusedly the new day. It deals with a concept of "Yoga"-the inner dis- Christ, who, Principal Fairbairn de- cipline of life leading to the high purclared, is "the only Oriental that the pose of service and sacrifice; the idea Occident has admired with an admira- of "Jivanmukta"-the realization of tion that has become worship, and the God in this life, and the final concept only name the West has carried into of "Ananda"-the blessedness of spirthe East which the East has received itual union with the Divine. Of all and praised and loved with sincerity these Jesus is the perfect fulfilment. and without qualification." A sense of proprietorship is one of the most The author realizes that this acceptinteresting phases of the shifting at- ance of Jesus by the East does not intitude toward Jesus that is now ap- volve the acceptance of Christianity. parent among non-Christian educated To the Indian claim that Christ will Indians. The author quotes with ap- shine alongside the great teachers of proval the statement that religious India, not dimming their light; that thought among educated Indians to- the stars and the moon get along well day is dominated by the personality together, the author replies, "There is of Christ; that among educated the heart of the whole thing. How Hindus hostility to Jesus Christ is a bright is the Christ? Is it the moonthing all but unknown. To the Chris- rise or the sunrise in India? If Jesus tian teacher it is a new experience, a is but reflected light, then Hinduism thing full both of awe and of inspira- will surely hold Him in their sky and tion, to stand before his class of Hin?u He will be added to the many. If He students and know that between hlm is the Lord of the Day, then it is inand them reverence for Christ is deed the dawn and the inevitable palcommon ground. The public press of ing of the stars. It all depends upon India today teems with manifestation the vitality of the Christ; a light in of this changing attitude. the world, or the Light of the World."

To students of religion in that most W. I. C. religious of countries this book will prove very interesting. In the first Gentlemen-The King. John Oxenham. chapter the attractiveness of Jesus to 96 pp. lIlus. $0.75. Boston. 1928.

the new intelligentsia of India is pre- This little volume, scarcely larger sented. The remainder of the book than a vest-pocket edition, is yet an 6 1025

almost complete Life of Christ. Writ- materials for missionary study are ten in simple, unaffected blank verse, the message of each chapter is, at its not in this book or any other book, end, crystallized for the reader in a lyrical gem of great beauty and im- but all about us-yet he makes his portant truth. In the twelve short volume very challenging. chapters the Master walks with all His divine and human traits unfolding, Of course the most important data through boyhood and youth, with their natural games and pleasures, into the for Home Missions is to be discovered sterner years of The Day's Work. We in community situations which are see Him tested and tried "as you and near by, and with which we grapple I at times are sorely tried" and "as you and I have never yet been tried." at first hand. The problem of the We travel with Him through the "tiresome years," sharing the road with country church brings up the question Him "through good and evil weather." We share, too, His anguish as He of a tragicly changing civilization. A faces the foe and storms the heights that lead to Calvary, until we see Him, visit to the home of a Polish mill Broken-but not Beaten, at the Cross- worker in a textile factory in Passaic, ways. No passage in the little volume is more exquisite in its lyrical beauty, New Jersey, will heat the mind with more tender in its spiritual appeal than the verse which concludes "The burning questions concerning the so- Cross at the Crossways": cial order. The great underlying issue "To every man there openeth in this and a dozen other problems is: A Way, and Ways, and a Way, And the High Soul climbs the High Way, How Christian is our Civilization? And the Low Soul gropes the Low, And in between on the misty fiats, Because Home Missions is chang- The rest drift to and fro. ing there is the opportunity to point But to every man there openeth A High Way and a Low, out a new way of living and of deal- And every man decideth The Way his soul shall go." ing with these vexing issues. This the author does in his suggestive The story ends with The Crowning chapters on Learning to Live To- Wonder of the Resurrection, reversing the judgment of the Cross, and the gether; The Dominance of the City; triumphant Paean, "He is Risen," Undergirding Democracy; ANew drowns forevermore the sad Dirge of Calvary. Crusade. The general conclusion is that the function of the Church is to John Oxenham is known to the extend the Gospel of Christ in all its American public through his other books and "Gentlemen – The King" fulness, and the service of Christ in should meet with an enthusiastic reception from all who love deeply de- all its implications. This dynamic votional and inspiring verse. program is outlined in these new and M. E. A. C. arresting chapters from the trenchant What Next in National Missions! Wil- liam P. Shriver. 238 pp. 60 cents pen of Dr. Shriver. This is a book paper, $1 cloth. New York. 1928. to grip the mind and capture the There is life in this book. It makes stimulating reading. Although the heart. J. F. RIGGS. author claims that the most fruitful China Year :Sook-1928. Edited by H. G. W. Woodhead, C.B.E.. 1,447 pp. Price, $12.50. Chicago. 1928.

Each year this compendium of in- formation on China becomes more comprehensive and more indispen- sable. China is not only great in it- self but is becoming increasingly great in its influence on the life of the world. Every phase of China's life today concerns the Christian who has made the World Mission of Christian- ity his own. If our missionary forces twenty years ago could afford to ig- nore large areas of China's life and thought while they gave themselves with singular devotion to the simple

BOOKS WORTH READING

task of acquainting individuals with more disinterested and detached pres- Jesus Christ, such concentration of entation by the Chinese themselves, interest cannot be commended now. rather than by some foreigner, would Christ must not only become the pos- increase the value of many sections session of individual Chinese, chang- of the book. ing their life and thought, but He must become influential and dominant Of considerable importance is the in every activity and relationship, chapter on "Who's Who" in China economic, social and political. For which is a series of Chinese biogthis reason one welcomes the China raphies. This Year Book should be Year Book because it offers that en- useful to every student of China and cyclopedic information which every to every missionary administrator. statesman of Christ's Kingdom needs. M. T. STAUFFER. To produce this comprehensive and reliable work of reference must have Ro.ds to the City of God. Basil Mathews. been a herculean task beset with ex- 12 mo. 117 pp. $1. New York. 1928. treme difficulties at this time. Notwithstanding, the work, as a whole, This popular story of the recent reaches the high standard set by pre- Jerusalem missionary conference previous volumes. cedes the larger reports just now from the press. This brief interpre- The "General Information" of the tation of the spirit, ideals and achievefirst chapter presents the geograph- ments of the conference offers spirical, geological and climatic conditions itual stimulus and encouragement to of the country, then proceeds to the Christians the world over. The Lord languages of the people and to the Jesus Christ, His message and work, people themselves. Following are were magnified at Jerusalem and new chapters on mines and minerals, rev- missionary methods to meet changed enue and trade statistics, public conditions were advocated without health and medical events, river con- change in principle or goal and with servancy, currency, communications, loyalty to His teachings recorded in railways and roads, posts and tele- the New Testament. This report graphs, etc. The outlying districts of shows how disciples of every race and China proper are given special treat- nation are united and their equality ment in Chapter IX and are par- in the Church of Christ is recognized. ticularly valuable because of the summary there given of recent develop- The Korea Mission Yearbook. Edited by ments, political and commercial. In F. E. C. Williams, Gerald Bonwick the light of our present interest in and M. L. Swinehart. Maps and staextra-territoriality, the registration tistics. 12 mo. 238 pp. Christian of mission schools and the unequal Literature Society, Seoul, Korea. 1928. treaties, one welcomes chapters on Public Justice, Education, Treaty Re- Korea Missionary information has vision, Concessions. The industrial formerly appeared in the Japanese condition of the country is adequately annual volume; this is the first year portrayed in four or five chapters on book devoted wholly to Korea. It is Shipping, Labor, Finance, Trade and well done but lacks some useful infor- Commerce. mation for reference, such as an in- dex, and an alphabetical list of mis- Over one hundred pages are given sions, stations and missionaries. The to the Nationalist Movement and to first one hundred and thirty pages problems arising out of recent political takes up the work by denominations changes. Unfortunately, the editor's rather than by sections or stations inability to conceal his own intense and the last one hundred pages is defeelings on the recent political de- voted to articles on independent or velopments undermines one's confi- union institutions. This first annual dence in the interpretations given. A will be especially useful to workers on the field.

Africa Today. Mary A. Jefferys. Pam- In the African Bush. Jewell H. Schwab. phlet. 63 pp. New Yark. 1928. Maps. 12 mo. 130 pp. 75c- New York. 1928. These suggestions for leaders of young people's mission study groups In her stories of Africa for junior are very valuable, practical helps in boys and girls, Mrs. Schwab has given organization, worship, study and dis- valuable material with which to incussion and activities. terest children in their black brothers and sisters across the sea. In the sec- Life on the Highest Plane. Ruth Paxson. ond part of the book she suggests how Three volumes. 8 vo. $2.50 per vol- to use this material in ten programs. ume. New York. 1928. All who study these pages will be in- structed, and many will be deeply in- These are unusually clear, compre- terested by the intimate pictures of hensive and spiritually instructive village and mission life. Teachers will Bible studies of God's plan of redemp- be helped by the very practical sugtion for mankind. Miss Paxson has gestions for study. been a missionary in China for seventeen years and has been especially NEW BOOKS blessed in her Bible classes for missionaries and Chinese Christians. She Law or War. Lucia Ames Mead. 288 draws all of her authority for her pp. $1.75. Doubleday, Doran & Co. teaching from the Bible as the Word New York. 1928. of God. Anyone who follows through these studies conscientiously and Madness of War. Harold S. Brewster. prayerfully should emerge an intelli- 261 pp. $2. Harper & Bros. New gent, strong, spiritually-minded Chris- York. 1928. tian. Silver Slippers. Temple Bailey. 360 pp. In her first volume Miss Paxson $2. Penn Pub. Co. Phila. 1928. studies Man as he was created, and as he came under the dominion of sin. Shadow and Substance. George W. Need- She presents Christ as He undertook, ham. 199 pp. $1.25. Bible Institute by His incarnation and atoning work, Colportage Assn. Chicago. 1928. to free man from the power and penalty of sin and to bring him into the Short Papers on Church History. Audrew enjoyment of God's Life of Victory. Miller, 2 vols. 78. 6d. each. Picker- ing & Inglis. London. 1928. The second volume studies the Christian-the believer in Christ and "Under Frozen Stars. George March. 302 in whom Christ dwells. Here she pp. $2. Penn Pub. Co. New York. shows the way of victory over sin and 1928. the results of the sanctified, Spiritfilled life. Walking with God. Harvey Farmer. 32 pp. 25c. Bible Institute Colportage The third volume describes the ef- Assn. Chicago. 1928. fect of the Holy Spirit, cleansing, filling, controlling and empowering the Annual Report of Seoul Station-1928. believer. 15 pp. Y. M. C. A. Press, Seoul, 1928.

Fourteen diagrams help to present American Baptist Foreign Mission Society these truths to the eye. We know of Report-1928. 284 pp. New York. no better stUdies to form the basis for 1928. Bible class work or sermons on this most important of all subjects. Miss Baptist Missionary SOCiety Report-1928. Paxson's wide reading, prayerful 197 pp. London. 1928. study and rich experience are made available to many who can here de- American Baptist Home Missionary Sorive benefit from them. ciety Report-1928. 184 pp. New York. 1928.

Anti-Saloon League Year Book-1928. Compiled and edited by E. H. Cher- rington. 224 pp. 75c paper, $1.15 cloth. Anti-Saloon League of Amer- ica. Westerville, O. 1928.

Year Book of Missions-American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- sions. 68 pp. 35c. Boston. 1928. (Conoluded on third cover.)

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1928

~ RESIDENCV OF EX-KING

EVANGELICAL CHRISTIAN PASTORS VISITING IN AN EGYPTIAN HOME "THOSE MISSIONARIES"

I T NEEDS a man of magnitude to make a missionary. Of the three men who left Antioch (in Syria) for the inauguration of the Christian emprise which has been carried on ever since, two were great enough to stand the terrific tests, and one proved unequal. Something like that proportion still holds. I have met thousands of Christian missionaries on their fields throughout the world, and at least two-thirds of them are first class. My own conviction is that the personnel of the missionary calling averages higher than that of any other profession, in personal character, in efficiency, and in devotion to their ideals.

Woodrow Wilson once said some searching words concerning the ministry, which apply peculiarly to the missionary: "You do not have to be anything in particular to be a lawyer; I have been a lawyer and I know. You do not have to be anything in particular, except a kind-hearted man, perhaps, to be a physician; you do not have to be anything, nor to undergo any strong spiritual change, in order to be a merchant. The only profession which consists in being something is the ministry of our Lord and Saviour-and it does not consist of anything else. It is manifested in other things, but it does not consist of anything else."

Nor is the missionary's efficiency limited to his own character or work; it is carried on by his children. A few weeks ago, at the Commencement of Agnes Scott College, in Georgia, I heard President McCain announce that, while only ten per cent of the students are daughters of ministers and missionaries, more than fifty per cent of all the honors had been won by them. Many statistical studies point to the same conclusion. In ways unintended, the missionary proves the truth of the Saviour's philosophy that he who would lose his life shall find it-and "unto the third and fourth generation." In sober fact, it is better to be the child of a minister than of a millionaire.-WILLIAM T. ELLIS, L.L.D. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor SEPTEMBER TABLE OF CONTENTS FRONTISPIECE-A LETTER FROM THE Ex-KING OF ARABIA Page OBSERVATIONS ON A WORLD TOUR ………… STEPHEN J. COREY 693 MISSIONARY HISTORY IN THE MAKING •.•……………………. ……….. ………. . Reported in the REVIEW, September-October, 1878 700 THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR ……………….. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 701 LOOKING BACK OVER FORTY yEARS ………. HELEN PIERSON CURTIS 710 AMERICAN INDIANS, YESTERDAY AND TODAY …. J. M. CORNELISON 713 THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN ………. J. H. HORSTMANN 717 A PARALYZED HOME MISSIONARy ……………. DAVID MCCONAUGHY 731 YI SANG-JAI OF KOREA …..••..•..•…••………….. JAMES S. GALE 734 TOPICS OF THE TIMES …..•..•..•………………………..•.. 736 THE NEW CHINA AND THE MISSIONARIES …….. COURTENAY H. FENN THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MEXICO WHAT I HAVE LEARNED ABOUT MISSIONARY METHODS ……… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY 741 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN .. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 743 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN .. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 747 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ……………………………………… 750 BOOKS WORTH READING…………………………………….. 765 TERMS: $2.50 B year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 60 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REvIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBmRT E. SPEmR, Presldmt WM. L CHAMBeRLAIN, Vioe·Pre81denf WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DeLAVAN L. PIERSON. SfJeretcvr'll Publlcatlon Ofllce, 3d '" Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial and BUBines. Ofllce. 156 Fifth Avenue, Pa. 25c a copy. $2.1>0 a year. New York CItT Entered as second·ClaSS matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. PERSONALS REV. JAMES CANTlNE, D.D., founder of . the Arabian Mission of the Reformed ::;" Church in America and Pioneer Missionary in the United Mission in Mesopo- LET YOUR GIFT tamia, who returned to the United States on account of the illness of Mrs. Cantine to Foreign Missions and expecting to retire from active service, sailed on August 25th to return to PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME his work in Mesopotamia. A further proof of his devotion is seen in the fact You can make a generous gift to foreign misthat he has gone at his own expense, sions and have a needed income for yourself leaving the mission funds for the sup- and others from the money you give by the port of new workers. Annuity Gift Plan BlSHOP FRANC*lS *J. *MCCONNELL has This plan relieves you of uncertainty and been elected acting president of the worry caused bychangingvaluesof invested Board of Foreign Missions of the Metho- funds and assures you a fixed income of dist Episcopal Church, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of the Bishop 4t% to 9% per year Luther B. Wilson, until the annual meeting of the Board in November. for the rest of your life MRS. ADA LEE*, f*or *more than fifty A reserve fund of over $1,500,000 guarantees years a missionary in India of the Meth- the prompt payment of annuities to you, odist Episcopal Church, most of the time Protect yourself against loss tlJro,?gh in Calcutta, has been decorated by King unwiseinvE'stmentR and at the same time help send the gospel-to all the world. George with the Kaisar-i-Hind gold medal. . .. For full z'n/ormation write Ernest F. Hall, Secretary, Dept, of Annuitie. MR. HUGH R. MONRO of New York, BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS Vice-President of the Niagara Litho- of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. graph Company, was elected, at the recent convention in Los Angeles, Chair- 156 Fifth Avenue. New York man of the American Section of the World's Sunday School Association. :.'lllllllrrllrrlllllllllllrrllllllrrlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ OBITUARY ~ A LITTLE ARGUMENT I MRS. CHARLES L. WHlTE, the wife of WITH MYSELF the honored Executive Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, 1. If I refuse to give anythe President of the Home Missions thing to missions, I practi- Council, also one of the directors of the cally cast a ballot in favor of Missionary Review Publishing Com- the recall of every missionary pany, entered into rest on August first in home and foreign fields. from her summer home at Hampton Falls, New Hampshire. Mrs. White's 2. If I give less than before, beautiful Christian spirit gave complex- I favor a reduction of the mision and direction to many with whom sionary forces. she came in contact. Strength and honor were her clothing. Phillips Brooks 3. If I give the same as forsaid "The greatest contribution to the merly, I favor holding the world is a life; all else is lost in the ground already won, but I disstorm." Deep sympathy and sincere regard any forward moveappreciation of this life and her gifts ment. to the world go out to Dr. White and the daughters who are still making their 4. If I increase my offering contribution to the world in the name beyond former years, then I and spirit of Christ. favor an advance movement in the conquest of new territory MR. ARTHUR * L*lLE*Y, senior British for Christ.

V. Resolved: I believe in inmissionary of the North Africa Mission, creasing the present number of effective missionaries and fell asleep at Westcliff-on-Sea, England, in a more adequate supply of needs for the work, therefore from heart failure on June 24, 1928, the I will increase my gift. day following his arrival from Tunis – for medical treatment. Mr. Liley first sailed for Africa in 1882, and began to ~JJllllrllJ[IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJJlIJIIIIIIIIIIIJIIIJIIIIIIIIIIIJIIIJJ[IIJIIIIJIIIIIIIII·llrllll~ work among the Moslems of Tunis in 1897. His son, Dr. James Liley, is engaged in medical mission work in Fez, Morocco.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. ~ NICOSIA (Cyp~US) FREE TRANSIATION. To my honoured friend ete.ete.

After greeting, I wish to express to your Reverence my most sincere thanks and gratitude for the gift you ilad the kindness to send me, a.nd your thoughtful remembrance of me after your visl t. I refer to your gift of a number of publioations, but espeoial.ll to the .l.&rge edition of the Holl Bible which is the most important of all books because of its oontents and discussions.

Ma,. our Lord and M~er grant you your desires and health and strength, etc. etc.

Written on the 5th of the·month of the Hajj, 1346.

Copy of the original ana translation of a recent letter to Dr. Samuel M. ZWf'mer from formf'r King Hussain of Arahia.

LI, No.9 September

OBSERVATIONS ON A WORLD TOUR BY REV. STEPHEN J. COREY, D.D., St. Louis, Missouri Secreta.ry (Jf th(J United Ohri~tian JIis8ioHarv Society L1S ONE travels through the longing and realization are coming f i Orient, visiting the mission- more rapidly in the direction of ary work and talking with self-control, than of self-support, missionary and national Christian especially in lands like India and alike, the saying of Christ to His in China, where war conditions add disciples, at the instance of heal- difficulties to those arising from ing the man born blind, comes con- the deep poverty of the people. stantly to mind. "We must work the works of Him that sent me, An Oriental church, with Orienwhile it is day; the night cometh tal consciousness and culture, is when no man can work." Tides of rapidly taking the place of a Westmany kinds are running deep in ern Church which has been nat- China, Japan, India and the Philip- urally, and often unconsciously, pines these days, and the imme- transplanted from Occidental life diacy of the task is a constant be- and thought. This is a very hopeful hest. Delay will mean crystalliza- sign and, while bringing new probtion and lost opportunity. A few lems, it is also bringing new life. impressions are especially oustand- The situation in China has brought ing to the missionary observer. about a new realization of the need of placing heavy responsi- I. Indigenous Longings bility on native Christian shoul- ders. The missions which have In 1914, when I was in the Ori- not done so are suffering most ent the work was thought of in now. One is convinced also of the nearly all places, as the Church necessity of pushing the matter of planted from the West, as Chris- the indigenous Church, in Japan, tianity extended as a helping hand in the Philippines and in India, for from a far country. Today the at- who knows what the attitude to- titude is entirely different in most ward the foreign missionary will places. Naturalization of Chris- be, especially in the latter two tianity is rapidly taking place and countries, providing a change in everywhere the urge is toward a government should come. The con- church imbedded in national con- viction grows on one that all for- sciousness and of the soil. The eign missionary work, from its 693

very beginning, should be planned has been invaluable. But now it with the thought that native Chris- is recognized on every hand that tian communities must be created careful, concentrated effort is necto carryon the work, no matter essary to build Christian commuwhat may happen to the foreign nities and a well-grounded church. missionary. The emphasis should not be placed on the negative phase of "with- With the great difficulties faced drawing" from stations and cenin pioneer work, the slowness of ters, but rather on a rearrangethe task and the continuous change ment of the line for better work in missionary staff, lines of least and more permanent results. One resistance are sometimes followed, is convinced that there should be rather than the slower and more in many instances fewer centers patient policy of building a self- and more intensified work, looking supporting church early in the toward solid building, self-support work. So the growing desire, on and a native church which can exthe part of native Christians, for pand in the future. There will be an indigenous church needs to be imperative need for the spiritmade practical and substantial by filled missionary, for many years a constant pressure for self-sup- to corne; for when indigenous cenport. Of ,course there can be no ters are established and church self-support without three things leadership is wisely shifted to na- -stewardship, a strong native tive shoulders, there will be yet leadership and above all the win- great work for the missionary as ning of people to Christ to form a co-laborer, and as a pioneer in the Christian community. The the vast untouched regions. Let missionaries have these things on no one at the horne base be distheir hearts, but they need encour- couraged because the strategy at agement and help from home. The the front changes and forces are needs on the mission fields are the moved from long known but widely same as the needs elsewhere– separated centers, to more concengodliness, evangelism, consecrated trated areas. To change the figmen for the ministry and Christ- ure, there has been wide seed sowlike giving. No indigenous church ing, but now there must be deep with prevailing power is possible plowing and intensive cultivation without these characteristics. The and watering, that an indigenous difficulty of attainment is far church may spring up and take greater on the fields than at home. deep root in the soil.

II. A Shortened Line III. Christian Penetration in Japan In the face of the need of a welI- One visiting Japan, after an abestablished indigenous church, sence of more than a decade, is which will stay rooted deeply in struck by the change in the thinkthe soil, and in view of the finan- ing and outlook of the leaders, escial problems which confront the pecially in educational circles. The missionary boards, the cause is soul and conscience of the Sunrise confronted by the imperative need Kingdom are being awakened as of a shortened line of effort. never before. The material and Widespread witnessing has been educational advance has been very necessary in the past and the inter- great and along with this, Japan's penetration of Christian teaching

OBSERVATIONS ON A WORLD TOUR

best men and women are begin- and other schools, for a conference ning to wonder if the moral and on ChJristian teaching in the spiritual advance has been parallel schools. Formerly religious teach- with these forward steps. On ing has been barred from the cur- every hand one finds an anxious, riculum of all government and solicitous desire, that in keeping government recognized schools.

abreast of Western advance, the That day is rapidly passing. Of country shall not lose its soul. It course when it comes to moral and would seem that herein lies the ethical training through educa- hope of this wonderful little coun- tion, Christianity has unmeasured try and the great opportunity advantage over other religions.

of the Christian movement. In This is not only widely recognized fact, there is no doubt but that in Japan, but there seems to be Christian influence is largely back little prejudice against Christian- of this anxious hope for a moral ity on the part of Japan's leaders.

basis for life. One is impressed also by the There are many evidences of vis- wide-s pre a d dissemination .of ible and invisible influences of Christian principles in Japan, far Christianity in Japan. On the one greater than the ratio of avowed hand many. Christian leaders are Christians. This is being greatly found in all walks of life, and on aided by a very effective newspa- the other, many not identified with per propaganda, carried on by a the Christian movement are moved Christian bureau. Through this by Christian sanctions and ideals. organization, Christian sermons, Among educators there is a strong question boxes, and brief courses feeling that more moral teaching in Christian teaching, are printed is imperative in the schools and it in a very wide-spread way by the is coming to be commonly recog- secular press of Japan. There nized among them that only re- seems to be little difficulty in get- ligion offers the basis for this ting space for this fine propa- teaching. Again and again I have ganda. The Sunday papers, which had it said to me that education, are the most popular and widely per se, cannot save Japan, that love circulated, are especially used in of country" and emperor are not this work. The most remote vil- sufficient for the moral and ethical lages receive mail daily, Sunday life of the people. It is significant being no exception to the rule, and to know that in the last annual nearly everyone reads in Japan.

meeting of kindergartners for J a- Besides such dissemination of pan, the whole program was Christian teaching and the very shaped around moral and religious wide-spread knowledge and recog- education. In a more recent meet- nition of much of the teachings of ing of educators in Tokyo, it was Christianity, Christian schools decided that to bring the teachers have provided many of the teachers abreast of these ideals, there must of Japan. The time has come for be thorough training in morals Christian leaders to rise to the re- and character building, and that markable opportunity. It will religion was the real basis for this. take wise leadership and the new Following this the Christian Coun- opportunity will have to be kept cil of Japan called together all the free from controversy and attacks Christian teachers in government on the other religions of the land.

It will also be necessary for single- so deeply rooted in the great ilness of purpose and program to literate countries, are rapidly disprevail among the different Chris- appearing in this adolescent natian groups. Unity of the Chris- tion, which is carrying to a high tian forces in Japan is not as far state of education in a single genadvanced as in many other fields, mation. On every side is educabut here sectarian differences tion desired and from the lowliest would be fatal in grasping the to the highest it is attainable. great opportunity, when the edu- Ignorance and the static mind, concation and statesmen of Japan are tent with the past and enslaved by turning to religion as their hope it, are rapidly giving way before in moral teaching. the free public school.

IV. Unique Opportunity in The 3. While portions of the East Philippines present a difficult approach to the presentation of Christian teaching The Philippines, being of rela- just now, the Philippines are open tively small population, are usually and doors stand ajar everywhere under-rated as to importance, for entrance. There is an eduwhen it comes to mission areas. cated mind and it is eager and re- There are many things which ceptive. make the Islands significant and work there timely. 4. Women are accorded a place in the Philippines, approaching the 1. The Philippines are in the standing given them in America Orient and it is doubtful if there and Britain. Everywhere they are is any place from which the whole teaching in the village, town and Orient can be approached more city schools. Even far back in the effectively. They lie at the cross- mountains, a m 0 n g the pagan roads of the Pacific and, although tribes, recently head hunters, are not a great nation in size, what found evangelical Christian young happens there is at once known women, teaching the youth and in throughout the whole of the East. perfect safety and protection. For instance, no Eastern country Trained nurses from the mission is being so watched by India as the hospitals go everywhere through- Philippines. Educators, social re- out the Islands and serve the comformers, politicians and all those munities. interested in India's future, are closely studying conditions and de- 5. And equally important, the velopments there. The reports on Filipino, as no other Oriental, uneducation, health and agricultural derstands the West and its spirit developments in the Islands are and can serve as the interpreter befound in the libraries of India and tween East and West. He is apare being eagerly scrutinized by proachable, and easily adapts him- India's leaders. self to the ideas and outlook of the West. His sympathy and under- 2. In the Philippines, as no- standing make him susceptible to where else in the Orient, with the evangelical Christianity introduced possible exception of Japan, the fu- from America. ture destiny of the country will be in the hands of the educated youth, V. China, the Test of Our Missionary who have recently come on the scene. Prejudice and superstition, Effort Perhaps nowhere in the world is missionary effort being put to so

OBSERVATIONS ON A WORLD TOUR

severe a test as just now in China. China, persist and increase in War is war, anywhere and any- power? We believe that it will time, and under its baleful influ- and there are many indications ence Christian effort has always that this supreme test which is be- been put to a sever test. At the ing applied to Christian work in present moment missionary work China is not an unmixed evil. Out in China is also being put to trial of it all is coming a stronger, more before a nationalism which has self-reliant and a purified church.

been filled with suspicion of for- The Chinese Christian leaders are eigners and the introduction of assuming, from necessity, respon- things from abroad. Parallel with sibilities which they never dreamed this is the opposition of a strong of taking and out of it all Chris- anti-Christian movement. This tianity is being naturalized and last finds its expression in several made indigenous as never before.

ways. First in opposition to reli- One is thrilled and heartened by gion as such, as being in con- the courage and faith of great tradiction to science and lending numbers of Chinese leaders, both itself to subservience of the peo- men and women. Just as followple, a distinctly Russian contribu- ing the Boxer persecution in North tion. Second, opposition to Chris- China, the Church came out of the tianity in general, as being imprac- dark days, enobled and strengthtical in its ideals and likewise as ened, so now out of war and oppobeing associated with the aggres- sition and sacrifice is coming a sion, land grabbing and unfair better church. The superficial and treaty relations of Western na- mercenary elements have been tions. Third, the contention that sifted out and a fellowship of gen- Christianity denationalizes the uineness and spiritual reality re- Chinese and identifies them with mains. Western imperialistic influence. It is to be noted with gratification And the home Church must see that this anti-Christian movement to it that real support is given finds no fault with the person or teaching of Christ himself. It has during these days of crisis. If the been a move against organized cause in China ever needed friend- Christianity, as identified with the ship and support from the home West. base, it is now.

Along with these difficulties fac- When the crisis came in China, ing Christian effort, has come the a year ago, and the missionaries withdrawal of the larger part of withdrew, there were three posthe missionary force from China sible ways of meeting the situation. and the general recognition that First, the Western Church might the workers returning will be have broken all connection, en- tirely withdrawing and leaving the Chinese Church to go on alone. Second, the attitude might have fewer in number, at least for some been simply one of sympathy, but time. having the Chinese as petitioners Now how is the missionary to get what they could from us by movement standing the test of asking for it. Third, was the pos- these revolutionary conditions? sibility of hearty and resolute co- Will Christian effort, put forth at operation with the Chinese Church such sacrifice and expense in and leaders, leaving the relation-

ship of the missionary to adjust it- the 230,000,000 people that live in self and trusting the Chinese India. Many of them are weak Christians implicitly to settle the Christians, to be sure, just as is matter of their going back. The the case in America, but out of first course would have been hard this host of believers are a vast and unChristian, the second would number who witness daily for our have placed the Chinese Christians Lord. Who can measure the in the position of beggars. The strength of this leaven? One can third course was the one chosen. hardly go into a town, or ride on There is no doubt as to its wisdom. a train in India, without coming Having taken the position we must in contact with someone who has back it up by unfailing sympathy been in a Christian school. These and support. Not only is the men occupy positions of trust and Christian movement in China pass- responsibility. They are not all ing through a severe trial, but we Christian by profession, but they also, the Church of the sending never can get away from the incountries, are being tested as to fluence of those years of Christian the genuineness and self-forgetful- training. Many of them who do ness of our missionary interest. not openly claim allegiance to Christ are secretly His followers. VI. India And as one gets to know more of the bonds and ramifications of What shall one say of India after caste, one understands this contraonly three months in a land of such dictory attitude a little better. And variety and contrasts? A land wherever one talks with one of where one slow-moving stream of these trained in Christian schools, humanity has borne the same cus- whether he be Christian, or Hindu, toms and life for thousands of or Mohammedan, his words of years, while on top of it flows rap- praise are high for the missionary, idly a current of changed life in who has come from a far country agonizing adjustment to the civili- to help India. And what a divine zation of later days. The most re- service to India has been the eduligious land in the world and the cation of so many of her young most in need of true religion. A women. And these, from the naland bound by caste, superstition, ture of the case, who have gone on ignorance, and the tragic mind and into education above the primary body slavery of girlhood and wom- grades, are all Christian women, anhood all under the sanction of As one visits the girls' schools of religion. A land of sacred rivers, the various mission boards and sacred trees and sacred animals- comes to the climax in colleges like more sacred than virtue, or service Isabella Thoburn at Lucknow, or holiness. This land where re- where the womanhood of India is ligions were born, but where the brought to such high, beautiful new birth of the soul is so difficult. levels, one feels like saying with But there are many things to en- conviction, "If this were all the recourage. sults, the long work of Christian missions in India would have First, there is a great loss of abundantly paid." Christians and Christian leaders in India. And the 5,000,000 who call Second, the leaven of the Kingthemselves by the name of Christ dom of God is working in India are scattered everywhere among

OBSERVATIONS ON A WORLD TOUR

outside the visible Church, as per- India. Many believe but will not haps in no other non-Christian yield to baptism. You of the West land. Gandhi has been teaching cannot understand what it means his students in the life of Christ, to break caste. It is a terrible oralthough he is a Hindu according deal. Many have given up much to his own statement. In talking of caste, but to break all ties by with the head of an outstanding avowing one's self a Christian, is a Hindu school the other day, he terrible ordeal! It is coming and quoted from the words of Christ some day there will be an upheaval more freely than any college presi- in India such as the world has dent with whom I have talked in a rarely seen. In the meantime, long while. Pictures of the Christ every missionary, every convert, are for sale in all the shops where every school and every teacher, pictures are sold, even within the counts beyond measure." precincts of Hindu temples. In conversation with Hindus, they A MISSIONARY HYMN* often place Jesus as the highest among "holy" men. In a great By REV. HENRY BURTON, D.D. Boy Scout meeting attend~d by members of. many different Hindu There's a light upon the mountains, and castes and Mohammedans, there the day is at the spring, was an opening prayer service each morning and Jesus was recog- When our eyes shall see the beauty and nized along with other religious the glory of the King; leaders. A Mohammedan chief magistrate, of a district from Weary were our hearts with waiting, and which missionaries were to be the night-watch seemed so long, withdrawn because of financial needs, spent an hour urging upon But His triumph-day is breaking, and me the need of the missionary in we hail it with a song. that district. "What restraint will there be upon the people if your In the fading of the starlight we can see Christian leaders go? Their un- the coming morn; selfish service is worth more than anything else in my district. Your And the lights of men are paling in the woman medical missionary, who splendors of the dawn; goes many miles at any time of the night, or day, to help my people, For the eastern skies are glowing as with has more influence with them than light of hidden fire, I have. Love is the greatest power among these folks and where is it And the hearts of men are stirring with to come from when you folks who the throbs of deep desire. believe in Christ have gone?" There's a hush of expectation, and a A leading Christian educator, quiet in the air, who had suffered terribly when he became a Christian, because of the And the breath of God is moving in the bitter opposition of his family and fervent breath of prayer; his caste, said to me with deep For the suffering, dying Jesus is the feeling: "The leaven of Christian Christ upon the throne, teaching is working powerfully in And the travail of our spir.it is the tra- vail of His own.

He is breaking down the barriers, He is casting up the way, He is calling for His angels to build up the Gates of Day; But His angels here are human, not the shining hosts above, For the drum-beats of His army are the heart-beats of our love.

Hark! we hear a distant music, and it comes with fuller swell; 'Tis the triumph-song of Jesus, of our King, Immanuel!

Christians, go ye forth to meet HimI And, my soul, be swift to bring All thy sweetest and thy dearest for the triumph of our King!

*From the Bombay Guard·ian.

MISSIONARY HISTORY IN THE MAKING News Noted in the MISSIONARY REVIEW for September- October, 1878 Dr. Cyrus Hamlin, President of Robert College Constantinople, wrote of the need of "Christian Education in Unevangelized Lands." Then there was practically no modern education in these lands except the small schools by Christian missionaries. To-day missionaries conduct kindergartens, elementary, middle and high schools, industrial, teacher training, medical and theological schools and colleges in ninety mission fields with a total of 2,500,000 pupils under instruction.

'" '" '"

The bitter opposition of the people of the Pacific Coast in America, to the coming of Chinese immigrants, was shown by a bill introduced into the Senate by Mr. Slater of Oregon. President U. S. Grant expressed the conviction that the American people will extend justice and kindness to the Chinese, as to the rest of the world.

The exodus of the freed'"sla*ves*from the Southern States to the North and West is noted as a check to wrongs suffered.

*** The Bishop of Sierra Leone reported the confirmation of 563 candidates for baptism on a recent visit. Archdeacon Samuel Crowther described the wholesale destruction of idols and fetishes or jUjU8.

* '" '"

The Queen of Madagascar sent the son of the Prime Minister to England to receive a Christian education. He was reported to have recently confessed his faith in Christ.

*** Rev. Wm. Holland and his family reported that they had been banished by the Spanish Government from Fernando Po, West Africa, because of their evangelical work.

T HE British and Foreign Bible Society reports its total issues for the year ending March 31, 1928, to be 9,936,714 volumes. While this is a decrease of about 200,000 from the total of the previous year, it is still a magnificent record.

*** The total issues of the American Bible Society for its last year were 10,034,797 volumes. It has the distinction, for the first time in its history, of having issued more volumes of Scripture than any other organization in the world.

*** The full report of Bibles, Testaments, and portions issued by the British and Foreign Bible Society is not yet available. Probably it continues to lead in the total number of whole Bibles issued by anyone Society in the world.

'rnm HUSANIABAD GATE AT

THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Cairo, Egypt I NDIA has a larger Moslem pop- of Egypt, Arabia and Persia, is ulation than all the lands of greatly neglected, compared with North Africa, the Near East the lands of the Near East. and Southeastern Europe put together. It was placed on record There are other Moslem areas as one of the findings of the J eru- and populations of India unoccusalem Conference in 1924 "that pied, especially in Kashmir and on Moslem India is in a very real the Northwest Frontier. But most sense an unoccupied field." deplorably neglected of all are the Moslems of Malabar. Perhaps the present situation for all India cannot be truly char- During our recent visit to India acterized in terms so strong. It is we were privileged to travel from still true that of the total foreign Bombay to Calcutta, and from the missionary staff of 6,027 for a to- Khyber Pass to Colombo, holding tal population of 319,128,721 there missionary institutes for the study is not at all a sufficient proportion of method at nineteen places. In at work among the nearly 70,000,- South India the study groups were 000 Moslems. Bengal with over even larger than in the north and 25,000,000 Moslems, a little less we often heard Indian Christians than the total Moslem population pray for the Mappillas. When, therefore, the choice was before 701

us of spending a few days at Kot- gateway is Calicut. It is a land of tayam to attend the annual con- dense forests, tangled jungle and vention of the Syrian Church, or cultivated valleys with palms of to visit Calicut and see something cocoanut and rice fields. Among of the large group of Moslems the most characteristic features of numbering over a million (1,032,- Malabar are the lagoons or back- 757) in Malabar we decided for waters that stretch in a line down the Moslems and sent a written the coast. They are connected by message to the Christians. AI- artificial canals and the whole scene has features that remind one THE MAGIC SQUARE FROM THE LAS'L' of Java in its beauty and verdure. PAGE OF A MALAYALAM KORAN There is disagreement regarding Printed by "11. P. Aboobacker Aboo, the name of the people and their merchants a:nd Arabic book-sf'llers in origin, but all are agreed that the Calicut." It contains numbers, the names Mappillas are among the most of the planets and signs of the Zodiac to confer good luck, and ends with a virile and also the most trouble- some of the Moslems of India. prayel' and threefold amen Malabar is the zone of fanaticism in the south even as the Afghan though the Basel Mission has been frontier is that of the north. at work for many years in Malabar, little has been done for these The name MappilIa has been Malayalam-speaking Moslems, who variously interpreted to mean form thirty per cent of the total "mother's son" or "bridegroom," population and are steadily in- in allusion to the supposed union creasing. between the early Arab traders with women of the country; but Malabar proper is the strip of it is perhaps merely a title (ma, coast below the Western Ghats in- great and pilla, child) which was habited by a people speaking the given to foreigners whether Mos- Malayalam language, a branch of lem (Chonaka Mappilla) or Christhe Dravidian stock, who form a tian (Nasrani Mappilla). There peculiar race with castes, customs was considerable trade between and traditions of their own. The Arabia and Malabar in the eighth administration center and railway and ninth centuries, and no doubt many of the traders gradually set- tled in the country. As traders they would come without their women and as Mohammedans would not fail to proselytise; and the result was a hybrid community composed of the offspring of mixed unions and of converts from the lower classes of the Hindus. The Zamorin of Calicut, who was one of the chief patrons of Arab trade, definitely encouraged conversion in order to man the Arab ships on which he depended for his ag- grandisement; and he is said to have directed that in every family

THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR

of fishermen in his dominion one here that the Perumal came for or more of the male members the first time into contact with the should be brought up as Moham- persons, who were to be pioneers medans. of Islam in Malabar, or whether they, or some of them, had been All Malayali accounts are sub- of the party of pilgrims with stantially in accord as to the fol- whom he originally set out from lowing facts: Kodungallore. But however this may be, the names of the persons "The last emperor or king of have been handed down by tradi- Malabar was one Cheraman Pe- tions. From the names it may rumal, who reigned at Kodungal- perhaps be gathered that the party lur. Cheraman Perumal dreamed that the full moon appeared on the DR. AND MRS. ZWEMER (AT RIGHT) LOOKING OVER 'i'HE KLUYBER PASS INTO FOrtBIDDEN AFGHANISTAN night of new moon at Mecca in consisted of Malik-ibn-Dinar, his Arabia, and that when at the me- two sons, one grandson, and his ridian she split in two, one half grandson's wife, and their family remaining and the other half de- of fifteen children. scending to the foot of a hill called Abikubais, when the two halves There is good reason for thinkjoined together and then set. ing that this account of the intro- Sometime afterwards a party of duction of Mohammedanism into Mohammedan pilgrims on their Malabar is reliable. way to the foot-print shrine at Adam's Peak in Ceylon chanced to The mixed nature of the race visit the Perumal's capital and may be traced today in its varied were admitted to an audience and physiognomy; those of high famtreated most hospitably." ily and social position are often extremely fair with fine features, It is uncertain whether it was sometimes of a distinctly semitic type; while those at the other end

of the scale are indistinguishable present at our meetings for Mosfrom the low castes from which lems in Madras. they are constantly reinforced. The Mappilla dwelling varies in The Mappillas are as a rule fru- size and material from the mud gal, industrious and enterprising. hut, roofed with cadjans or straw, They conduct the bulk of the trade of the lower classes, to the large of all descriptions, and many of and airy buildings of one or more them have amassed considerable stories constructed of stones and wealth; all who can afford it in- roofed with tiles, occupied by the vest money in land, and most of wealthy. There are no peculiarithe new garden cultivation on the ties in architecture or design which call for special comment. A GROUP OF EDUCATED MAPPILLAS The Mappilla trader does not, like IN CALICUT the Hindu, object to living in nar- row streets and is content with a margin of the jungle in the interi- very minute back garden, if he has or is being opened by them. The one at all, surrounded by a high lower classes are fishermen, la- wall to protect his women from borers of every description, and the public gaze. The typical Mappetty cultivators, their physique, pilla street is picturesque, but as can be seen from the photo- dirty. graphs, is on the whole remarkably good. The ordinary dress of the men is a mundu or cloth, generally The Mappillas have supplied white with a purple border, but the most satisfactory coolies for sometimes orange or green or railway work and the like. Many plain white. It is tied on the left enterprising Mappilla traders are (Hindus tie them on the right) to be found in Ceylon, the Straits and kept in position by a nul or Settlement and Burma. Some were waist-string, to which are attached one or more small cylinders of gold, silver or baser metal, con- taining texts from the Koran or magical formula. A small or large knife is usually worn in the waist. Persons of importance wear in addition a long flowing white gar- ment of fine cotton (a kind of bur- noos); and over this again may be worn a short jacket, though this is uncommon in South Mala- bar, and a cloak of silk or cotton- cloth. Women wear a m1tndu of some colored cloth (dark blue is most usual); a white loose bodice, more or less embroidered; and a veil or scarf on the head. In the case of the wealthy, the mundu may be of silk of some light color. Women of the higher classes are kept se-

THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR

cluded and hide their faces when difference. The Tangals (Sheikhs they go abroad; but the lower of the Derwish orders) are their classes are not particular in this religious leaders; they are regardrespect. ed with a high degree of reverence, but are not as a class distinguished The Mappillas belong to the by learning. The principal author- Shafic rite of the Sunni sect of ity on religious subjects is the Mohammedans, that is, they ac- Makhdum Tangal of Ponnani. He knowledge besides the Koran, the is the head of the Ponnani reliauthority of the Sunna, or custom- gious college and confers the title ary law of Arab theology, as in- of Musaliyar (Moulvi or elder) on terpreted by Imam Shafic• In Mullas who have qualified them- South Malabar they are divided selves to interpret the Koran and into two divisions, preferring the commentaries. allegiance either to the Valia THE HAi!AYAT~ UL~ ISLAi! SCHOOL. A TRAINING TNR'l'ITUTION FOR MOSLEM LIMDERS A1' CALICU'], Jaratingal Tangal of Ponani or Mappilla mosques, called palli, the Kundotti Tangal. The follow- are rectangular buildings with ers of the latter are said by those sloping tiled roofs and ornamental of the former to be Shiahs, but gables in front like those of the they themselves claim to be Sun- Hindu temples; some of them have nis. The differences between the gate houses, and a few of the oldest two parties sometimes become have circular towers attached. acute and lead to disturbances, but They are built with the main enintermarriage between them is not trance to the west so that the conprohibited and persons often for- gregation faces east towards sake one sect for the other to suit Mecca. There is often a small tank canvenience. close by or in the mosque. We noticed the peculiar custom of The division between the two is washing the hands and feet by due to- party spirit rather than pouring the water from large based on any essential doctrinal 2

wooden or cocoanut dippers with is often easily obtained, for it is long handles kept in a rack near both honorable and profitable to the tanks. A Mulla who can read, be the guardian of such a shrine; but not necessarily understand Arabic, is attached to every and an unknown beggar who dies mosque to lead the services. He is appointed by the congregation, of starvation on the roadside may though the Kazi as a rule nomi- be endowed with all sorts of virnates him. The Kazi is the head tues after death, and worshipped of the local assembly which corresponds to the parish church. His as a saint and miracle-worke'r. These saints are celebrated in functions include the reading of the hymns and popular songs, which Friday sermon, the registration of marriages, and general arbitration have served to inspire the fanatics in civil and religious matters. His jurisdiction may extend over more of many of the Mappilla outbreaks. than one district or over only a Here is one quoted in the West part of one and may include sev- Coast Spectator, (July, 1922) : eral minor mosques. At present Malabar se.ems to have religious "The pleasures of wealth or of family contact chiefly with the Arabs of "are not equal to an atom of celestial the Persian Gulf who carryon a "happiness. Our most venerable Prophet considerable trade in sailing ves- "has said that those who die in battle sels with Calicut. "can see the houris who will come to wit- "ness the fight. There is nothing in this The main festival celebrated by "world to compare with the beauty of the Mappillas is, of course, the Bakh "houris. The splendour of the sun, of Eed or Perunal, in the third month "the moon, and of the lightning is darkafter Ramazan. The festival com- "ness compared with the beauty of their memorates Abraham's offering of "hair which hangs over their shoulders. Ishmael, and every Mappilla who can afford it must sacrifice a he- "If they clap their hands, the clash of goat or a bullock, and distribute "their jewels will be heard at a distance the flesh amongst his friends, his "of 50 years' journey. They clap their relations and the poor. "hands, dance and sing, as they come "like swans to the battle-field. If a The Mappillas also observe the "human being were to see their beauty, ninth and tenth days of Muharram "their dance, or their smile he would die "on the spot. Gently they touch the as special fast days and each local "wounds of those who die in battle, they saint has his annual festival. "rub away the blood and cure the pain, "they kiss and embrace the martyrs, give Though magic is condemned by "them to drink of the sweet water of the Koran, the MappiIIa is very "heaven and gratify their every wish." superstitious, and witchcraft is not by any means unknown. His re- With such a repertoire of songs ligion betrays not a few traces of we are not surprised that the Mapprimitive animism and ancestor worship. Celebrated Tangals such pillas are notorious for their faas the tangals of Mambram, men naticism. From time to time they of holy and austere life, are freely canonized and their tombs become have been guilty of jihad or holy holy shrines and popular places of war against their Hindu neighbors pilgrimage ziyarat. Canonization with such dreadful cruelty as re- minds one of the Turkish atrocities against Armenians.

The various Mappilla outbreaks may be attributed to three main causes, poverty, agrarian discon- tent and fanaticism, of which the last is probably the chief. Poverty is still extreme in the fanatical zone, and is no doubt to some ex- tent accentuated by the Mappilla practice in the south of dividing

THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR

up the property of the father houses burnt. Murders, dacoities, among his wives, sons and daugh- forced conversions and outrages on ters. The Tenants Improvements Hindu women became the order of Act has done much to protect the the day. Hindu refugees in thou- tenant from ruinous eviction. Fa- sands poured into Calicut, Pal- naticism, however, is still strong ghat, the Cochin State, and other in the land, and education, for all places, wending their weary way the expenditure on Mappilla over hills and through jungles for schools, has made but little prog- safety from the lust and savagery ress among the community. The of their Moslem neighbors.

repressive policy initiated in 1854 It was a rude shock to the pro- has had a salutary effect. The fin- moters of Hindu-Moslem unity and ing of whole villages has brought the Khilafat agitators. Once more home to the community a sense of the real character of Islam was its responsibility for its unruly revealed. The British Government members, as was proved in 1896 suppressed the rebellion by rigor- and again in 1898; the most en- ous military operations and re- lightened Mappillas enlisted on the stored order after severe measures, side of law and order; and the including the deportation of some Pukkoya Tangal, who as a de- thousands of the rebels. At pres- scendant of the Prophet is almost ent peace reigns in Malabar; Is- worshiped by the Mappillas of lam, however, is still growing and Ernad and Walavanad, issued a increasing.

pamphlet sternly denouncing out- Slowly but surely, like an on- breaks as opposed to true religion. coming tide, the Mohammedan The fanatical zone was opened up population of Malabar has grown by good roads; and durin~ the year by year. Originally an alien Ramazan fast, when religious en- minority they have continued to thusiasm is easily roused, the spe- spread their faith by marriage, by cial police force were distributed social pressure and more recently over the zone, and signallers keep through schools and the press.

the various detachments in touch Two decades ago many low-caste with one another and with the Hindus embraced Islam. We read troops at Malappuram. in the census report for 1881:– All these precautions, however, "Conspicuous for their degraded did not prevent the rebellion of position and humiliating disabili- 1921. For a full account see "The ties are the Cherumans. This caste Moplah Rebellion 1921" by Divan numbered 99,009 in MaJabar at Bohadur C. Gopalan Nair, (Cali- the census of 1871 and in 1881 is cut 1923). Over a wide tract of returned an only 64,725. This is country, in an incredibly short a loss of 34.63 per cent instead of space of time, communications of the gain 5.71 per cent observed all kinds were wrecked or ob- generally in the district. There structed; public offices and courts 'are therefore 40,000 fewer Cheru- were attacked and records de- mans than there would have been stroyed, police stations were plun- but for some disturbing cause, and dered of arms and ammunition and the disturbing cause is very well civil government was brought to a known to the district officer to be .standstill. Over one hundred Hin- conversion to Mohammadanism.

du temples were sacked and many 'The honor of Islam' once con-

ferred on a Cheruman, or on one title Yuvalokam (i. e. "Young of the other low castes, he moves Man's World"). The book shops at one spring several places higher at Calicut had Arabic and Persian socially than that which he origi- as well as Urdu and Malayalam nally occupied and the figures, cor- literature on sale. Within the roborating what has been actually Mallabar area there. are no less observed in the district, show that than twenty-three Moslem presses, nearly 50,000 Cherumans and oth- which use the Arabic and Malaya- er Hindus have availed themselves lam characters for all kinds of of the opening." tracts and books. At Calicut there Low-caste women, for instance, are two presses; at Ponnani where go over to Islam in considerable there is also a Moslem theological numbers every year to become the school there are six; at Tillichery wives of Moslems, and in some sec- nine, and others are at Tirurangadi tions whole villages have embraced and Ottopalam. We secured a cat- the faith. More particularly the alogue of one press "M. P. Aboo population of the Mappillas on the Backer Aboo, cap-merchants and West Coast increased during the Arabic book-sellers" which tells last census decade (1911-21) by 6 the whole story. They offer, in per cent. "It is only reasonable," Malayalam, Koran portions, gram- says the census report, "to con- mars, commentaries, manuals of jecture that this increase, which devotion, lives of the Prophets and is more than double that of the of their saints and the usual con- population of the locality, is due troversial tracts against Chris- to conversion, especially when we tianity and Hinduism-over six find that the Cheruman population, hundred items in one catalogue.

which provides most of the Map- Magic and astrology play a large pilla recruits, has fallen during the part in the life of the people. Here decade by 7,000, or two per cent. as elsewhere in South India the It is estimated, indeed, that of the Nagshabandi and Shathali Der- Moslem popUlation in Malabar wish orders are strong and saint nearly 75 per cent, are the result worship is common.

of forced conversions." We did not notice during our It would be wrong, however, to short visit any special signs of conclude that the sword has been fanaticism at Calicut. On the con- and is the strength of Islam in trary we learned from Bahrein and Malabar. Today the Mappillas are Kuwait Arabs whom we met in themselves somewhat ashamed of the streets and who recognized us the scenes of violence that made as old friends that the Mappillas their community notorious. We learned their severe lesson in the visited their high school at Calicut, last outbreak and are now unwill- were entertained at a tea party by ing to be deceived again by nation- a leading progressive Moslem and alist agitators into disloyalty to learned from him and others of Britain. In one mosque there was the educational program proposed some hesitation in their welcome to uplift the ignorant villagers. to a stranger, but this was an ex- The press is a sure index' to the ception. At a special out-door life of a people. The leading Ma- meeting in the shaded courtyard layalam newspaper (of which there. of the Y. M. C. A. I was privi-.

are several) bears the significant leged to speak to a large gathering

THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR

of young men. A German mis- course of introduction for catechu- sionary presided and after hearing mens explaining the Christian creed, a message on "The Christ of His- the Christian Society and Baptism. The Trinity and Unity.

tory," one hundred and thirty-six The Christian Scriptures and Inspiramen came forward to receive a copy of the gospel in their own tion. The Christian meaning of Prayer, with examples of some ways of prayer tongue and promised to read it. and some prayers from the Bible. The brethren of the Basel Mis- The Christian meaning of Sin, Repent- ance and Forgiveness.

sion stationed at CaHcut showed The Crucifixion, the fact, the story, the us much kindness. Their work, meaning for our lives. established many decades ago, has Explanation (possibly in catechism form) of misunderstood terms, like however been almost exclusively Son of God, Inji!, Ruh Allah. among the Hindu population. The Mohammedans were neglected to Terms accepted by Moslems need just as much explaining as terms rejected; e. g., tauba, din salat, church, mar- such an extent that the only litera- riage. ture for Moslems we could find was A book -of Christian Morals in story a Malayalam gospel of Luke in form; i. e., Ten Commandments and the Sermon on the Mount, illus- Arabic character! When we trated by true stories, some from studied the map and prayed over the Bible.

Rhymes, choruses, hYmns, versified the situation the following resolu- psalms; i. e., something to give a tions were passed: social character to the new teaching. The Christian view of Marriage, the The Conference of Missionaries Home, the Family.

feels the necessity of evangelistic A short tract to answer the question, "What Is Christianity?" work among the Moslems in Mala- Stories of Conversion and Christian Ex- perience. bar and is glad if some Missionary Society can take up this special The next time your pastor an- work in friendly relation with the nounces "0 for a thousand tongues Basel Mission. to sing, my dear Redeemer's Rev. K. Shaefer is requested to praise" will you think of this one work out a survey of Mohammedan tongue in which His praise has not literature in Malabar. yet been sung by Moslem lips and The Conference is thankful if will you help provide Malayalam some contribution can be given for literature? For two thousand dol- the publication of literature for lars a large part of this minimum program could be published. * the Moslems.

The very least we can do for It is not surprising that the these neglected people is to inter- Mappillahs have not yet learned to pret Christ for them in their own love their Hindu landlords whose language. A minimum program of hand has often been hard with opliterature would include brief pression. They often have misuntracts or booklets on the following derstood the stern, strong hand of subjects: British law and justice. Only the pierced hand of Christ and sacri- A short life of Christ in terms compre- ficial love for His sake will win hensible to Moslems and including His Heavenly Session, His interces- them to His allegiance. Who will sion and His ultimate Judgments of respond to the challenge of Cali- the Worlds. cut?

The chief O. T. stories in terms compre- hensible to Moslems with emphasis • Gifts should be sent to the American Chris~ on preparation for the coming tian Literature Society for Moslems. Treas- urer! Mrs. E. E. Olcott, 322 W. 75th St., New Christ, and on moral training. A York City.

BACK OVER FORTY

Changes Wrought in a Generation of Christian Missions in Japan BY MRS. FREDERICK S. CURTIS, Shimonoseki, Japan Missionary oj the Board of Foreign Mission-s of the Presv1ltflrian Olturoh., U. ~~. A..

M ANY things of late have gether at the feet of the Lord of carried our minds back to the Harvest. the early days in Japan, forty years ago. The last Sunday This year the churches in this in March we spent in Yamaguchi, region are celebrating the fiftieth our home thirty-five years ago. anniversary of the opening of The first installation of a pastor Christian work in the province, by was a joyful occasion and many Dr. Alexander and several Japawere in attendance, but only one nese pastors. resident member who was there Past Difficulties when we left, twenty-seven years In the church in Shimonoseki ago. Most. of the members seem we heard one or two of the old to belong to the constantly mov- elders tell of the persecutions and ing official and professional classes difficulties encountered, and it and students. brought to mind some experiences The kindergarten that was of forty years ago, and even later, opened by me there still flourishes. in Hiroshima and in this region.

Its first teacher was the first young Then small but angry mobs were woman that Mr. Curtis examined gathered by opposers, workers and baptized during our first year were pursued and stones thrown, in Japan, and she was one of the though no great damage was done.

first pupils in our school, which We had come out to Japan with is now a part of Sturges Seminary the impression gained by Dr.

in Shimonoseki. She is an earnest Knox's tales of the eager interest Bible student and worker for God, shown in "Western religion" but in her own home and the church arrived to find that the tide had in Osaka. The kindergarten in turned and the Good News we Yamaguchi has been used to bring brought was usually resented or about a new attitude in the town received coldly. We and our pos- toward the Gospel, for hundreds sessions and ways, in that interior of children have passed through town, were often the objects of its classes and Sunday-school and wild curiosity.

have learned the gospel story and What a change there has been something of prayer. One longs in this respect! There are no call- to follow them as they are scat- ers now who come for sight-see- tered now, not only around in the ing. If one stops to make a region of Yamaguchi and neigh- purchase in an open shop, crowds boring towns but in far distant do not shut out the light and air parts of the Empire, to see .what and no children's voices call out precious seed has come to frUItage. rude epithets. Then there were Thank God we shall see it some no truly "foreign" clothes in the glorious day when we rejoice to- interior except our own, though, 710 like the famous "Japan-instead-of- than the alteration in this respect.

Coffee" brand of nectar in blue- We no longer feel outsiders or un- rimmed foreign-shaped coffee cups, wanted, as we walk and talk with offered to high-class callers of that the people. What an unforgettable day, there were numerous "Japan- experience to kneel with one who instead-of-suits" seen parading the has entered The Way, and join streets, to our secret glee. with him in praise as he pours out Then we could wear, in the in- his soul in gratitude that through terior, a hat or a dress as long as you God led him to the Way of Life!

it was in good condition, without It is not only Christians who let feeling out-of-date, but now, when us draw near, but almost every- clerks and vendors go to church where and anywhere we try, it is or feasts in natty suits, and school- easy to get a friendly response.

girls and others consult fashion Doubtless there was much of fault sheets from France and employ in our own earlier attitude and skilful foreign-clothes tailors, we that stood in our way, but there are forced to consider our ways is, in this part of the country, at occasionally and not wait till it is any rate, a very pronounced friend- time to sail home on furlough be- liness and we feel no longer aliens fore we ask our anxious relatives and foreigners but "neighbors."

to send us "something fit to wear." As I think of the meetings held As autos of all kinds toot and in our own house now, whether scoot through towns and villages, children's, English Bible classes or and even children scuttle out of ordinary evangelistic, and recall the way, one almost catches the the first meetings in our Hiroshima breath to recall the children and home, during our second year in old people who once serenely Japan, another great contrast is halted traffic by their indifference evident. Then people came to lis- to the "Hai, hai!" of the jinrikisha ten somewhat as the Athenians puller. There were no horns in did of old, while Mr. Curtis talked those days, but the old-fashioned in such Japanese as he had been jinrikisha, with its hard springs able to drag out of his "teacher"

and steel tires, and the loosely set or find in Hepburn's dictionary of wheel-hubs, kept up an incessant 180 odd pages of translated Eng- jangle to tell us it was near. lish words. Now, in a large num- No Longer Aliens but Friends ber of cases, thpse who come have a more or less intelligent idea of One of the hardest things to what the basal teaching is and bear, in those days, was the fre- have a willingness or wish to learn quent reminder that we were more. It has amazed me again aliens, constantly and critically ob- and again, in seemingly the most served. The wearying clatter, clat- unlikely 'quarters to find that in ter of hurrying clogs, trying to the street, in Sunday-school or keep up with the foreign stride, from friends, and lately, of course, as we walked abroad, made such from evangelistic articles in the recreation unattractive, for we newspapers, some gospel message felt no friendliness in the attitude has been heard.

of those about us. I think there In old days we were looked up- is nothing more welcome in the on as here for some advantage to changes the years have brought ourselves, but on the part of very

many now our real purpose is un- He had hardly begun to talk with derstood, even though it may not me when he half arose from his be acceptable, and those who feel chair and said eagerly, "I was bapno need of spiritual help for them- tized in November." Then we both selves cordially recommend it to sprang up and shook hands again. others, saying even to their wives He told me he had not thought and children, "Go and hear." Just deeply until he was called back lately, a friendly doctor, who here by his mother's sudden death laughs at the thought of needing last year, and in his great lonelispiritual teaching himself, ear- ness he had turned for comfort to nestly exhorted a patient who had the Saviour of whom he had heard suffered much to seek us and get so often. He willingly promised comfort, because our teaching was to come to class and tell the others, "good and not harmful." The and did so most modestly but earnest faces in our English Bible frankly, and then prayed ferventclass, while the Bible lesson is be- ly, asking especially for faithfuling discussed, replies that show a ness "unto death." conviction of the truth of what is taught and references to "our One method of work which we Lord" on' the part of some who used almost from the beginning, have not yet professed to be Chris- as many others have done, but tians, fill us with hope and incite which we have laid increasing emto renewed prayer and effort. In phasis upon, is the giving, loaning the interior, years ago, such classes and selling of suitable, spiritual would have been impossible, I be- booklets and books. Every new lieve. Of course many attend only publication of worth for our purfor a short time, finding the claims poses we have tried to put into of Christ more than they are will- our Loan Library or, often, use ing to face. Ordinarily such work for gifts at Christmas and on other seems to be the plowing, clearing occasions. We have learned of out of stones and seed sowing. The great blessing received through seed may be in good ground but carefully chosen books. Ourown it is still too cold. After students cook, who is a very earnest Chrisgo to higher schools and are put tian, was awakened by a paper in touch with Christian workers given to an associate, and Chrisnear, in one case after another, tians in sorrow or doubt are conere long happy letters come telling stantly being helped. One man, a of having openly confessed Christ. firm Christian, a member of the English Bible class, had expressed We try to keep in touch with his doubts of the Old Testament former students who welcome our as history, but readily accepted the letters, and occasionally; one will loan of two small books and the visit the city and call or come to advice to ask God what He would the class meeting once more. Sev- have him believe. The books were, eral who have done this have given "What Use Did the Lord Jesus testimony for Christ before the Make of the Old Testament?" and members in attendance. One young "Stones That Speak." man who had begun coming to the class as a mere boy and is now As he handed them back the studying in a distant city, called next week, he smiled appreciativeduring this last spring vacation. ly and said, "I believe that the Old Testament is true."

INDIANS YESTERDAY

TODAY BY REV. J. M. CORNELISON, Pendleton, Oregon C ONDITIONS among the In- erally think. The elements of this dians are very different livelihood were secured in far-sep- among the different tribes. arated places which easily accounts What is true of Indians in one part for the roving. They did usually of America may be false and mis- have a winter camp which was leading somewhere else. My ex- more or less a permanent abode, periences go back a little less than and there was built the winter thirty years and relate to the In- lodge, or tepee, very different dians of the Northwest, more par- from the summer abode. Then ticularly the Cayuses and Nez again, the Indians were nomadic Perces of Oregon and Idaho. and lived in a state that enabled All history knows that one hun- them to move in a hurry, for which dred years ago the Indians of the there was a very potent reason, Northwest had not heard the Gos- namely their enemy. Generally pel, in fact had seen few white speaking, every other tribe was men, except the Hudson's Bay their enemy. White people have trappers and the men of the Lewis been accustomed to think of the In- and Clark expedition sent out by dian men as lazy, and thought they the United States Government in put all the burden on the women.

1804-05.· The missionaries went The Indian men, from time imme- in response to that Macedonian morial, were the police and vig- Call of the four Numipu (Nez ilantes of their community and Perces) who went all the way to needed to be free and untram- St. Louis, Mo., from the Oregon meled, so as to be ever on the alert country in 1832, asking for the and watch for the enemy. They white man's Book of Heaven. freely and gladly gave their serv- There have been many decided ices and lives for the protection of changes and advances in the do- their families. This was their one mestic, social, political, business, great business of life. No draft educational or religious life of the law was required to get them into Indians. Take them in this order the service of their country; nor and note some of these contrasts did they need citizens' training and changes. camps. Their whole life was one Yesterday the Indians were of training for the defense of their nomadic, roving, living in tepees, people. They gave themselves to for very good reasons. They moved it with joy and were honored for with the seasons to obtain their deeds of bravery. The man who livelihood which consisted in hunt- shunned such service had poor ing, fishing, gathering of roots, standing in the community and berries and fruits which they dried was shunned by the people, espe- and preserved in various ways and cially by the fair women. No man stored for winter. They were not could stand such a gaff. With these improvident, as white people gen- centuries upon centuries of train- 713

ing in such a "standing army," so day schools. This was not neces- to speak, we should be a little more sary in the roving days when chil- patient with the Indian man who dren were not in school. The chil- does not easily get behind the dren, not having permanent homes to which to return more easily, lost their culture.

The social life of the Indians of yesterday was largely seen in the dances at certain seasons of the year, coordinating largely with the winter and summer solstices, so following all nations in this cus- tom. There were also the mar- riages and feasts; and particularly the feasts at certain seasons of the year, like the feast of first fruits and roots in the spring, the first run of salmon. And then, too, the feasts for the dead. The "eats"

loomed large in the Indians' social life. Let those not guilty of the same "sin" cast the first stone. To- TYPICAL OLD S'l'YLE INDIAN HOME day the "younger generation" of IN OREGON Indians follow much along the plow, or into some business. These same lines conforming more or less things will come to them, as they to the conventionalities of the did to our own savage, fighting white people, which customs they forebears when they had emerged have learned well in the schools. from the deep forests and the fear Our Indian women's societies can of their lurking enemy. prepare and serve as palatable and modern a banquet as any women. Today, since the Indians' liveli- hood comes largely from the rent of their lands, or from farming it themselves, they have become more stationary in their homes and habits of life. Tepees are gone, except as used for summer camps, as white people use tents. Per- manent homes have been built, many of which have all modern improvements. There has been a decided evolution in this home building. First was the tepee, A TYPICAL INDIAN HOME OF TODAY then a lean-to or shack, then a bet- AMONG THE UMATILLAS OF OREGON OR THE NEZ PERCES OF IDAHO ter house, and now a modern bungalow with electric lights and They, too, have the "flaming youth"

other conveniences. Now, some one who dance all the modern dances must stay at home to keep house to modern jazz, and play Sunday and care for the children in the baseball. The modern "flapper"

AMERICAN INDIANS YESTERDAY AND TODAY

who bobs her hair and "rolls them Yesterday few Indians had been down" can also be seen. to school. Today most Indians Yesterday the Indian was po- from forty to thirty years old down litically a nonentity. Today he is have a fair education, many of a citizen and votes. And he votes high-school grade. The boys have with discrimination where the mis- generally learned some trade, and sionary has been awake enough to point out the issues and the right men to the Indian constituency.

Their Temperance Societies have spelt failure and defeat to many a "wet" candidate locally.

Yesterday the Indian may have been a poor business man. He may have been "jobbed," as they say, many times. But today, if I want to sell some sort of "gold brick," I would go to New York with better hopes of selling my wares, than to try to sell them to "Lo, the poor Indian." Old man "Lo" long since died. The Indian of today is a fairly keen business man and understands that credit in any place of business, or at any bank, depends on a good name and a reliable character. To beat him in a trade one needs to "get up be- fore day," as they say in the west.

The late Mose Johnson, a well- known Indian character around Pendleton, Oregon, once paid his account to a Pendleton merchant and demanded a receipt. The mer- chant said, "That is all right, Mose, I will mark it off the books." Said Mose : "No, sir. Me take receipt.

Some day, maybe soon, you die.

Me look all over Hell for you. No find you. Maybe so, me pay bill again. Me take paper now."

Mose got his receipt, and in- "PARSON MATANIC" OF THE cidentally the merchant learned CAYUSE TRIBE where Mose expected to find him the girls have learned domestic when he died. The Indian will work. Very few have gone to or mortgage his property to get some through college. To keep the chil- much-desired object, like a big dren in the day schools the truant automobile, sO "keeping up with officer is often needed – which is the Joneses." Who has a stone to just as true of many white com- throw? munities.

Lastly, it can be said of the In- Christ to drive out the evil spirit. dians, as Paul said of the Athe- He has worked and keeps on worknians, "in all things I perceive that ing mightily in the hearts and lives ye are very religious." The Indian of some of these fine Indian men is a religious, worshipful being. and women. As of old, some His mind and soul are peopled with mocked, but certain men believed spirits, both good and bad. One among whom also were Philip Minhas no trouble to get the Indian's thorn, Parsons Motanic, James mind to grasp the teaching of an Kash Kash and many women. It is invisible Spirit who leads us and the same story as told in the Acts. directs us. This is true of any people who have an animistic religion. So it comes about that in less In their minds and souls a channel than one hundred years from the time that the four Numipu (Nez AN INDIAN PRESBY'l'ERIAN CHURCH ON TilE UMATILLA RESERVATION, OREGON has been cut by age-old customs Perces) went to St. Louis in 1832 and rites in religion. The cere- asking for the white man's Book of monies that cut the channels were Heaven, the Spirit of God, working false and need to be cleaned out in and through that Book, has litand the true placed in the channels. erally transformed these people. The missionary or religious teacher Not all are Christians, but their who does not see and capitalize this whole social order, home life, busifact is lacking in tact and observa- ness life, social life, political life tion. Paul was stirred by the and religious life is shot through idolatry but he began to proclaim and through with Christian prin- Jesus and the resurrection so as to ciples and Christian ideals. Fiintroduce the new and the true in nally, in this same Northwest, you place of the old and the false. will find little groups of Indians who have hardly been touched by So into this animistic channel I the Gospel. This is doubtless true have ever striven to put the teach- in many other parts of America. ing about the great Spirit Jesus

CAVES

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN BY THE REV. J. H. HORSTMANN, St. Louis, Missouri Editor of The Evatlgelicat lJerald "WHENSOEVER I go unto to discover all the facts concerning Spain," wrote the Apostle the spreading of Christianity in Paul to the Christians in that land of mystery and romance. Spain was an important country Rome, just before his departure in the days of the apostle. Auguson what was to be his last journey tus and his generals had converted to Jerusalem. He was planning, it into a Roman province, under after accomplishing his visit to the authority of a proconsul in- Rome, to bring the word of the vested with civil authority only. Cross to what was "the uttermost Later when the cities of Spain part of the earth," as it was then were placed under a uniform conknown. stitution and laws, Spain became one of the most influential coun- Did the Apostle ever succeed in tries of the empire and a center bringing the Gospel to the pillars of Roman civilization. Some of of Hercules? To whom does Spain the most distinguished Latin writowe its first knowledge of Chris- ers under the empire, such as the tianity? How and when did the two Senecas, Lucan, Martial, Quinfirst Christian churches there orig- tilian, and others, were natives of inate? No one knows. Only leg- Spain. ends tell of the places that Paul is said to have visited, and of the A legend has it that Alexander beginnings of Christianity in His- the coppersmith, who did so much pania. Only here and there can evil to Paul (2 Tim. 4: 14), was a few facts be discovered, scat- converted by James, the son of tered, flickering lights, as it were, Alphreus, whose faithful helper he which make one all the more eager 717

then became and finally accompa- (586 A. D) gave the corrupt Latin nied him to Spain. According to language predominance over the this legend, however, Alexander Gothic, and after that time the was a blacksmith (it is interest- unity of the Spanish nation was ing to note that Moffat's transla- maintained by the Catholic reli- tion also describes him thus) and gion and the political influence of he plied his trade on the long jour- the clergy.

ney from Palestine to Spain, which For two centuries the Church was made by land. It was also flourished, chiefly as a result of with shoes fashioned by this mas- the constructive efforts of Isidore, ter, the legend has it, that the bishop of Seville (560-636), whose white charger was shod which, on diligence in contending for the July 16,1212, brought James again pure faith against the remnants from heaven to help the Crusad- of Arianism, as well as his earnest ers win a glorious victory over the labors for education, made him a Moors. The hammer with which prominent figure in the church of Alexander is said to have wrought that day. His refusal to persecute is still shown in the cathedral at the Jews, contrary to the spirit of Santiago, and horseshoes made by his time, shows him to have been him are shown in several Asturian truly great.

churches. He is the patron saint The Moslems and After of Spanish blacksmiths, who like to name their sons after him. With the Moslem invasion in 711 Beginnings in Spain there began a dark period for the Church in Spain. While the Chris- Christianity seems to have been tians were allowed free exercise introduced quite early into Spain of their religion, and also retained and the churches there were ap- their language, laws and magis- parently in fairly close touch with trates, (as long as they paid trib- those in Gaul, Italy and northern ute and did not attack the Moslem Africa. The same controversies faith), bitter divisions frequently which agitated these churches sprang up in families where one were discussed also in Spain, as parent followed Mohammed and records of the fourth and fifth cen- the other followed Christ. The turies show. The disorganization Moslems, whose language, manners and confusion following the fall of and culture prevailed in all the the Roman empire facilitated the large centers of the country, often conquest of the country by the showed their contempt for Chris- Vandals, who gave the name of tianity, and in return received in- Vandalusia (now Andalusia) to sult from its more hot-blooded ad- the southern part of the peninsula. herents.

Soon afterward, however, the Visi- With the decisive defeat of the goths, after a long struggle, suc- Moslems on the plains between ceeded in conquering the whole Tours and Poitiers, in the heart of peninsula. Since the Goths were France, by Charles Martel in 732, strongly Arian in their faith there the tide of Moslem advance was was constant conflict between them stemmed and EUrope was saved and the orthodox Roman Catholic from the danger of being overrun population. Under Reccared I. the by the disciples of the Arabian introduction of the Catholic faith prophet. But for more than seven

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

centuries the nation was engaged and the new life of the Reforma- in a tremendous and often des- tion could not thrive.

perate struggle for its political and religious life, and it is no wonder Attempts at Reformation that the constant conflict left an Nevertheless, twenty years beindelible impress upon the charac- fore Luther nailed his theses on ter of the Spaniard. It could not the church door at Wittenberg, the be otherwise than that such a fierce Spanish Church felt the purifying and persistent struggle should influence of a reformation largely make those who were forced to Protestant in spirit and aims. wage it serious and solemn, even When Queen Isabella had brought fanatical and relentless in their ways of thinking and acting.

The distress and suffering of the Church in Spain brought about a close approach to Rome, which remained when efforts were made to suppress the reform movements of the Albigenses and Waldenses, and finally of the Protestants.

Thus the Inquisition found a fruit- ful soil in the fanatical zeal of the Spaniard to persecute and convert heretics, Moors and Jews. Ferdi- nand and Isabella welcomed it as an aid in their conquest of Grana- da, last and greatest Moorish stronghold (1492), and the relent- less and cruel zeal of Torquemada not only helped to satisfy Isabel- la's sincere but fanatical zeal for the purity of the faith, but also TOUR DE CONSTANCE, SPAIN filled Ferdinand's coffers with J ew- ish and Moorish gold. about the union of the states to In Spain there was no response form the Spanish Kingdom, 1492, to the Renaissance. The seed of she also conceived a plan to reform the new learning seemed unable the Church, and Ximenes de Cis- to grow in the hard and sterile neros was authorized to restore soil. There were famous schools, the strict monastic discipline in but knowledge-at best a foreign, the convents and to purge the secu- Moorish plant-was bound in the lar clergy of the abuses which were fetters of scholasticism. There was common to the time. Having im- extensive commerce and trade but proved the morals of the Spanish it was in the hands of the despised clergy, he set himself to overcome Jews. There was religious zeal, their ignorance and lack of culture.

but it was devoted merely to out- The reading and study of the Bi- ward and petrified formalities. ble were made a special feature There were knights and warriors, in their training, something pre- but no peasants nor burghers. Un- viously unknown; new schools of der such conditions the new spirit theology were established and in

1502 a band of scholars in Alcala before his installation as Bishop undertook, at the expense of Cis- of Tortosia; Don Carlos de Seso, neros himself, the preparation of a distinguished nobleman who did the celebrated Complutensian Poly- much for the Protestant cause glot. throughout Spain; Jayme and Francesco de Enzinas, the latter The coming of a Spanish monarch to the imperial throne in 1520, of whom translated the first Spanas Charles V, opened the door for ish version of the New Testament Lutheran and Reformed teachings into Spain. Luther's teachings and had it printed at Antwerp were received with general favor (1543) for distribution in Spain. among educated classes, and for Besides, many converts of monks a time their spread was helped by and nuns, especially those in the the liberal tendencies above re- neighborhood of Seville and Vallaferred to, as well as by the tem- dolid, were largely leavened with porizing policy of the emperor in the Protestant heresy. dealing with Luther and the Protestant princes in Germany. It was These beginnings were effectualeven asserted by the emperor's ly suppressed by the Inquisition, confessor, ,who himself favored which, as the joint instrument of Protestantism, that Charles secret- civil and religious absolutism, asly sympathized with the movement sumed its sternest form in Spain and hoped to use Luther as a lever and made use of the most drastic for forcing upon the German and arbitrary methods. With the churches a reformation after the same relentless energy which had Spanish model. saved the nation from the outward enemy, the Church, supported by Soon, however, a change in the a1l the power of the King, turned policy of Charles and the gradual against the new enemy at home. reaction against reform among the The same desperate determination Spanish clergy narrowed the cir- with which the Spaniard had decle of its adherents to the more fended his religion and his nationearnest and daring spirits, and aft- al life led him to idolize his church er the Diet of Augsburg, 1530, the and offer human sacrifice upon her Protestants were subjected to a altars. After fighting so fiercely persecution constantly growing in and desperately for his religion, severity. why hesitate at torture and death for those who attacked and would Notable among the converts to destroy what had been preserved the new teaching were Alphonso at such a terrible cost? And the Valdes, secretary of Charles V; Spanish Inquisition acted without Alphonso de Bernaldez, chaplain to respect to persons. Neither rank the emperor, who suffered condem- nor political influence, neither nation in 1537; Carranza y Mi- wealth nor fame could shield its rando, archbishop of Toledo, who victims. If other nations perished was condemned for holding Prot- in luxury and immorality, Spain estant views; de Valera, who laid committed suicide as a religious the foundation of the church in monomaniac. Seville and was condemned by the Inquisition in 1541; Juan Gil (Dr. The Protestant forces in Spain Egidius), famous preacher of Se- were paralyzed and finally overville, condemned for heresy just come, however, not so much by the violent persecution at home, as by

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

the unfavorable impressions made time. On the stone floor of her by the actions of Protestants cell she had laboriously scratchep abroad. The uprising of the Ger- with her knitting needle, the word man peasants in 1524 caused great Resistez! (Stand firm!) and un- alarm among the privileged classes derneath Au ciel, (To heaven!) as in Spain against the introduction an encouragement to those who of doctrines which seemed to fo- came after her. For more than a ment revolution elsewhere. The century this tower was used as a alliance of Protestant princes of prison for women who had em- Germany with Francis I of France, braced the evangelical faith.

the bitter enemy of Spain, and the The Dawn of Religious Liberty later revolt of the Protestants in the Netherlands against Spanish If fanatical patriotism allied rule, caused Protestants to be with ecclesiasticism crushed the looked upon not only as heretics Protestant movement in Spain in but as traitor~ and rebels and made the sixteenth century, it has been it more and more difficult for loyal an enlightened patriotism arrayed Spaniards to embrace Protestant- against ecclesiasticism that has af- ism. forded a shield for the evangelical With the accession of Philip II, forces in Spain in modern times.

the work of exterminating heretics The radical and revolutionary phil- was begun in earnest, and in 1559 osophy of the French scepticism the first auto da Ie was celebrated of the eighteenth century early at Valladolid, combining the fea- found an easy although restricted tures of a religious festival and ground in Spain. The cataclysm popular holiday, and thereafter the of the French Revolution did still work of executing Protestant vic- more to disseminate the seeds of tims in the principal cities of Spain popular freedom, and before the was conducted under the joint downfall of Napoleon, liberty was auspices of church and state. At born in Spain and prepared to en- that time it is estimated that there ter, as in other Latin countries, were about 1,000 Protestants each into the long war against absolut- in Seville and Valladolid, and a ism and clericalism. In 1812, dur- relatively large number in other ing the exile of Ferdinand VII, the sections of Spain. By 1570 how- Spanish cortes, assembled for the ever, Protestantism in Spain was first time in many years, abolished cut off, root and branch. Prac- the Inquisition, curtailed the power tically all of its converts had suf- of the clergy, and framed a con- fered either banishment or martyr- stitution. The restoration of Fer- dom, and for the three centuries dinand two years later destroyed that followed the blood of the mar- some of these results, but after his tyrs was as seed in barren soil. death in 1833, there occurred a The case of Marie Durand, a series of heated revolutionary con- peasant woman who was a prison- flicts between the liberals and the er at the Tour, de Constance, a conservative e 1erne n t s, wit h gloomy, forbidding tower in south- alternating victories but with the ern France, from her seventeenth anti-clerical cause steadily gaining to her fifty-sixth year, (1730-68) ground.

is typical of what was going on In 1858, and again in 1868 re- both in Spain and France at that ligious liberty and freedom of wor- 3

ship were proclaimed. But this only munity at Gibraltar, he was ormeant liberty to worship in other dained by a Waldensian committee ways than in the Church of Rome, and made Gibraltar a center for and religious tolerance was by no promoting Protestant teaching in means established. Long before Spain. During the London expothis evangelical Christians from sition he preached to his countryvarious European countries had men who visited there, and later, endeavored to bring the Gospel to under the auspices of a French Spain with variable success. The committee, went to Algiers, work- British and Foreign Bible Society ing among the thousands of Spanhad a very active agent, George iards there. At the liberation of Barrows, in the country for some Spain 1868-69, he returned and time; Spaniards in exile on account founded the Protestant church at of their political convictions met Madrid. When the French comevangelical Christians in England mittee, after 1870, was no longer and France and through them were able to assist him, Ruet entered influenced to bring the word of the service of a German mission- God to their countrymen, with the ary society and labored zealously assistance of Protestant groups in in a chapel purchased for him in Edinburgh and Southern France. 1874 by German friends. Gibraltar and Bayonne became centers for evangelical workers in Pastor Fritz Fliedner (1845- Spain through the distribution of 1901) son of Pastor Theodor Fliedtracts and Bibles. When the throne ner, the well-known founder of of Isabella II fell and the procla- German deaconess work, came to mation of liberty of conscience and Spain in 1870, and it was through worship by the new government his aid that German churches bethrew Spain open for the first time came responsible not only for the to all kinds of evangelical work, work in Madrid but also for varimissionaries came from Scotland, ous others in different parts of the England, Holland, the French country. An elementary school churches in Switzerland and from which had been established in Mad- France to support the evangelical rid was also saved in this manner. workers in Spain. Interest in the work increased Evangelical Beginnings in Germany to such an extent that at some time or other in the years The most active of these work- that followed practically all the ers was Francisco Ruet (1826-78), churches existing in the country a strolling player who, about 1840, received aid of some kind through fiad abandoned Roman Catholi- Fliedner, while his journeys from cism for Waldensian teaching and one place to another made him faprepared himself for the ministry. miliar with the conditions in all After the revolution he returned of them and won for him the conagain to Spain, preaching at Bar- fidence of all evangelical Chriscelona, where he was soon impris- tians to an unusual degree. His oned, as the result of a political acquaintance with many of the reaction. His sentence to the stake leading government officials in for heresy, was, however, com- Madrid often made it possible for muted to life-long banishment. him to prevent or relieve the per- Forming a small Protestant com- secution aimed at evangelical Christians by fanatical authorities

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

or communities. He was also in- to the school Esperanza (Hope). strumental in organizing many of After graduates from these classes the isolated smaller groups and had passed the examination prechurches into the Iglesia Evangel- scribed by the Government, thus ica Espanola. proving that this method could be successfully used, a higher insti· Fliedner devoted himself partic- tution of learning, called E[ Porularly to the establishment of vinir (The Future), was founded, Christian schools and finally a high after a strenuous effort. Without school was established. The publi- having sought it Fliedner was cation of text books, literature for children, etc., was made possible tr. ·~ru.J' ,"~r""·,,J .,r ~'r II"" through Fliedner's efforts and the support of The Religious Tract So- Wlr'~ .. {,~ T"fl fr, .,-"" ciety of London, and The Foreign ~ Sunday School Association of 1',.41.1 n;~dn(''' Brooklyn, New York. w,.t If. P.ufl//". Hc.d,..i.

A periodical for Christian homes PASTOR FRITZ FLIEDNER and families, Revista Christiana, was established in 1880 and con- pressed to buy a large site in the tinued until it became a victim of northern part of Madrid, a healthy the world war. An orphans' home and attractive part of the city. was established which finally found Hardly had the purchase been cona home in Escorial, in the identical summated than the State claimed building inhabited by Philip II a part of the ground for waterduring the time when his famous works and paid for about a tenth monastery San Lorenzo was being of the property a little more than built. the whole plot of land had cost the German mission. The completion In order to secure the means for of the heautiful building which was supporting his rapidly growing erected 1895-97, in the face of the work Fliedner published a quarter- determined opposition of zealous ly entitled .Blaetter aus Spanien, Catholic women in Madrid, of the a valuable and important record bishop, and even of the papal nunof all the events which transpired cio, and the papal secretary of in the development of evangelical work in Spain. In all his work he was ably supported by his wife, the former Miss Jeanie Brown, great-granddaughter of Prof. Dr. John Brown, of Haddington, author of the self.interpreting Bible. The missionary interest, enthusiasm and self-sacrificing devotion of Mrs. Fliedner can hardly be exaggerated.

The plan of educating Spanish children according to modern educational methods in all the wisdom of the Spaniards began to be realized in 1880, when two classes for higher education were added

state, Rampolla, taxed Fliedner's countries, but after that date arid energies to the utmost and finally owing to the war that help began helped to break down the health of to fail and the work is now in serithe resourceful and indefatigable ous danger. In a most critical situamissionary. On April 25, 1901, he tion in 1922, representatives of the passed to his reward. The final school came to the United States erection of the college was a dis- and were assisted with funds suftinct triumph for the Protestant ficient to payoff the immediate cause and El Porvenir introduced indebtedness, so that EI Porvenir a new system of teaching altogeth- is again going forward. Continued er unknown to the conservative substantial assistance, particularly Spanish high schools and colleges in the way of an adequate endowof that time. It became a model ment, is absolutely essential. for many modern schools founded by liberal-thinking people of Mad- In addition to the above, work rid. Over 300 young men have is now carried on by three Ameribeen trained in the college in the can agencies (The American Board course of thirty-two years. Most of Commissioners for Foreign Misof them occupy prominent posi- sions, The Board of Foreign Mistions in official and social circles, sions of the Methodist Episcopal some of them holding chairs in the Church, and The Southern Baptist universities. Being primarily a Convention), by various groups in missionary college, it has given to England The Spanish and Portuthe evangelical work in Spain a gese Aid Society, Anglican; The goodly number of qualified ministers, some of whom continued United Free Church of Scotland; their theological training in Ger- The Continental Mission of the many, who are now doing effective Presbyterian Church in Ireland; work in their respective mission- The Wesleyan Methodist Mission ary fields. Society; The Baptist Mission So- The Present Situation ciety, London, imd by the British and Foreign Bible Society and the The missionary work of Pastor Religious Tract Society, each of Fliedner, now under the supervi- the latter employing some fifty sion of his three sons, Theodor, workers in various parts of the Georg and Johann, is to-day one country. The Komite Het Evanof the most important missionary gelic in Spanje collects gifts from enterprises in Spain. It has eleven the Dutch churches. In France the organized churches, that in Madrid work is supported by the Comite being numerically the largest in de Bearn. In German Switzerland, Spain, eleven primary schools, one Fliedner's work is supported, while high school, an orphanage, an a Comite de Lausanne Espagnole evangelical bookshop in the heart had been organized in French of the city and various other ac- Switzerland as early as 1865. tivities. Fliedner's work is also actively sup- ported in Denmark, Sweden and Up to 1914 Pastor Fliedner's Norway, particularly through the blessed work could develop and influence of Archbishop Soderblom. thrive, thanks to the help of many friends i n Germany, Holland, The churches supported by the Switzerland, and the Scandinavian Irish Presbyterian, the German Evangelicals, the Holland Re- formed, American Northern Meth-

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

EL PORVINIR-AN INSTITli'J'ION FOR HIGHER EDUCNJ'ION IN srAIN odists and American Board, and Zaltbommel, Holland, and Dr. E. certain independent organizations, L. Schmidt is secretary. about thirty churches in all, are associated to form "The Spanish The most important discussion Evangelical Church" (dropping de- centered around the organization nominational names) looking to- of a Union Theological Seminary ward the day of independence for for Spain. Another meeting was these churches. It meets once held in Madrid, April 15-16, 1926. every two years in an advisory There were representatives from capacity. Germany, H 011 and, Sweden, France, Scotland, Ireland, Eng- About seventy-five churches rep- land and from the American Board resenting the Spanish Reformed, in the United States. The project the Plymouth Brethren, American for a Union Theological Seminary Southern Baptists, the English in Madrid was approved, the staff Wesleyan and a few scattering to consist of four professors, one churches are not affiliated with the each provided by the Irish Presby- Spanish Evangelical Church. terians, the United German Com- mittees, the Spanish and Portu- The International Spanish Evangeliza- gese Aid Society (Low Church tion Committee Anglicans) , and the American Board. These four original pro- This committee was founded in fessors are expected to teach both London on September 3, 1924, to theology and such subjects in the coordinate the forces in Europe general preparatory work as might that were helping in the evan- be necessary. Detailed statistical gelization of Spain. A second information on the work of all the meeting was held in Zurich, May evangelical forces in Spain as well 1-2, 1925. Headquarters are in

BIBLE COLPORTEUR AT WOltK as on the program of the Interna- else. It bowed him into the dust tional Spanish Evangelization and then lifted him up into heaven. Committee may be secured through It took him out of the world in the. Committee on Cooperation in which he had lived until then, and Latin America. before long bound him firmly to his Saviour. For his Saviour's Some Experiences sake he literally left brother and sister, father and mother, and be- Just what it means for a native gan his theological studies anew as Spaniard to engage in such work an evangelical Christian, passing appears from the experiences of through a severe school of dis- Don J oacquin Gonzales Molina, a cipline as teacher in a Protestant former priest. Three brothers are school in Alicante, with a very still in the Roman Catholic priest- modest salary. His mother, to hood. As a gifted and popular whom he is tenderly devoted, and preacher in a hospital in Granada, the separation from whom was he seemed to be in line for easy nearly heart-breaking to both, is and rapid promotion when, one now beginning to see the light. day, he found himself handling a Don Molina is now pastor of the Bible. His seeking mind found in evangelical church in Granada, his it what he had discovered nowhere

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

native city, where he is regarded . ican Board in 1880, and where as an apostate and a traitor; where most of the Spanish women, the priests are continually stirring teachers and wives of pastors, who up trouble for him and the boys on are now bearing the heat and the street hoot at him; where the burden of the day in the schools chapel and school have been re- and churches, received their first peatedly attacked and seriously impulse and lasting inspiration, damaged, under the very eyes of there is a small church served by a the police. All this constitutes a native pastor, Rev. Antonio Diaz, real persecution for Jesus' sake who was converted to Proteswhich this faithful servant of the tantism under remarkable circum- Master has del i b era tel y and stances. Originally a monk in a humbly accepted. And he and his monastery in Barcelona, he had family are making their home in left of his own free will, utterly three little rooms which barely dissatisfied with his spiritual extake care of their furniture and perience there, but with no thought are separated from the school of embracing Protestantism. He room only by three folding screens. was of course disowned by his At San Sebastian, in the north- family and for a few years wanern part of Spain, where Rev. and dered about from pillar to post, Mrs. Wm. H. Gulick began a with no fixed employment, and flourishing work under the Amer- frequently down to the last penny.

THE ENTRANCE TO THE CHURCH OF l'Hl<l ~'LunDNER MISSION, MADRID

One summer night in Bilbao, as . neously in several Catholic pulpits, Dr. Bowers tells the story, while stating that in the case of families walking through a street fair, Diaz who persisted in remaining in was an eye-witness of a brutal houses owned by that man, no bap- vitriol throwing, staged by some tisms would be performed, no last young rowdies under clerical in- sacraments given, and no burials fluence, directed against a small conducted in consecrated ground.

booth in the fair where Bibles A series of nine special sermons were being offered for sale. The were preached against the work by vitriol destroyed a number of a priest who had previously served Bibles and slightly injured the col- a jail term in Madrid for scurrilous porteur himself. attack against a member of the Young Diaz, who from his in- royal family on a matter of per- side knowledge of the official re- sonal dress. All this, in the year ligion of Spain understood per- 1925, in a supposedly cosmopolitan fectly what had taken place, ex- city, in continental Europe, less perienced a strong revulsion of than twenty-four hours from feeling against Rome, with a new Paris, and done in the idea of interest in Protestantism, which rendering service to God, by an or- for the first time began to attract ganization which always demands his attention. He found his way freedom of worship for itself, when to the Bilbao chapel, and through in a minority, and whose gather- his contact with the pastor there ing in Chicago last year was af- was easily won to a full allegiance forded the utmost liberty of action, to Christ. That was in 1915. in every conceivable way!

Afterward he taught several years The church, however, is still ocin the mission day-schools, mar- cupying that place, under God's ried a graduate of the Madrid protection, as the landlord develschool for girls, was ordained to oped an unexpected streak of inthe ministry, served two other pas- dependence and made no effort to torates, and is now the active eject his tenants, in spite of all dire pastor of the San Sebastian church. threats. But he will not renew the However, just as soon as it be- lease; and that means that the came known that the work was congregation will be without a again established the landlord be- place of worship again. came the victim of a storm of per- secution. A steady stream of wom- Why Evangelize Spain ~ en callers kept annoying his One day, writes Pastor Stoeffier, mother, his wife and his grown recording his impressions of Spain daughters, with frantic protests while visiting the ancient cemetery against the so-called disgrace to in Madrid, my companion pointed the city. He himself was impor- to the image of Saint Isidro, the tuned, annoyed and harrassed in a city"s patron saint, which was thousand ways to get him to disre- carved above the portal, saying: gard his two-year lease and eject "It seems that they have patched the Protestants from the premises. him up again." His name was published in the papers as a disgrace to the city. In "Who is patched up?" an effort to ruin him financially, "Saint Isidro."

sermons were preached simulta- "Was he damaged?"

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

AN EVANGELICAL PREACHING PLACE AT SANTA AMALIO, SPAIN "Yes, the shopkeepers had the countless number of special smashed him." saints for certain diseases and for all sorts of trouble. The people "Why?" even distinguish between certain "Because he had allowed it to images of this or that saint: one rain ·on the great Saint Isidro fes- is stronger than another; one is tival (a popular holiday observed highly honored and surrounded by each year on the banks of the river a multitude of votive objects, while just below the cemetery) thus another-if the owner happens to spoiling their very lucrative busi- become dissatisfied-is visited with ness." rigorous penalties for laziness and This was by no means an excep- inefficiency. If the people have tional occurrence, but a common prayed for sunshine and it happens expression of what the Spaniard to rain, the image of the saint supregards as piety. The whole life posed to be responsible is tied to a of the Spaniard, especially of the rope and hung in a well as a penwomen, is shot through with the alty. The nino (image of the inworship of the saints and Mariola- fant Christ) which one statue of try, which frequently assumes Saint Antonius holds in his arms actually grotesque forms of pagan is removable-one would not like idolatry. Not only every province to make it suffer also when a penand city has its patron saint, but alty has to be inflicted on the saint! every family-to say nothing of

The way in which Christ is re- it." There was no bitterness or garded by the people is well illus- sarcasm in his voice, only a great, trated in the following incident, deep sadness, like that of one who also related by Pastor Stoefller: A simply could not find himself. And bright little fellow showing us the how eagerly this man-and all image of Jesus among the art those around us – listened to treasures of his home, when asked Pastor Hans Fliedner as he who this Jesus was, could only say brought them the simple message Un santo (a saint). That was of the Gospel, gave them some all he knew, although he had at- evangelical literature and invited tended the church schools. It is them to visit his church in Madrid.

the same with the masses of the One Sunday after a meeting in adult population. They know Fritz Fliedner's little church in nino Jesu, the infant Christ Madrid (into which light comes shown in the pictures of saints; ·only by way of a skylight, because they are familiar with the Christ even now non-Catholic meeting on the crucifix, but Jesus himself places must not open into the is only Un santo, one saint street) the visiting speaker was among many, and very much in the greeted by an elderly woman who background at that. expressed her hap pin e s sand One man we met, a fine, intelli- warmest gratitude for what the gent, earnest veterinary, told about friends of the mission in Germany his nineteen-year-old daughter who were doing to bring the Gospel to had died that year of tuberculosis. Spain. As she turned to go, how- In her great weakness she had re- ever, there came over her coun- fused extreme unction and had tenance such a look of sadness and therefore been refused burial in the brave but bitter determination cemetery. He was greatly dis- that seemed to say: "Yes, this fel- tressed by the experience, and lowship is blessed and wonderful, said: "One thing I do not under- but after all we must fight our stand: God gives us everything battles of life alone."

free; only those who want to go What would it mean to these peo- to heaven must purchase a ticket ple, a little persecuted flock in a in the church; whether first, sec- land still covered by gross dark- ond or third class makes no differ- ness, if they could see and feel that ence, but it is impossible without all evangelical Christendom, not money, and even then one is only only in Europe but also in Amer- in purgatory! I do not understand ica, stood behind them?

THE MOST DILIGENT WORKER "Who is the most diligent bishop and prelate in all England?" asked Latimer. "Who passes all the rest in doing his office? I can tell you; you and I know him well. It is Satan." The devil is certainly the most diligent preacher of all others; he is never away from his charge; you never find him unoccupied; he is ever in his parish; he keeps residence all the time; you never find him out on a vacation; call for him when you will, he is ever at home. He is ever diligent, no loitering, but always applying himself to his business. His office is to hinder men, women and children from knowing and obeying God, to maintain superstition, to set up idolatry, and to teach all kinds of error and evil. :Millionuire of Smiles in his "Sun-kist" Corner A PARALYZED HOME MISSIONARY THE STORY OF FRANK ROY LOOPE OF SEATTLE* BY DAVID McCONAUGHY, New York Director of Departutc1lt of Stewardship, the General Council O N HIS back in a corner of tained the most expert advice from the sun parlor which his Europe. But it was more than a friends built for him, Frank case of paralyis; the limbs were Roy Loope can see with the help literally turning to stone. Before of a hand mirror the ships moving long the head and neck became rig- up Puget Sound and beyond it, the id, and the sufferer realized that snowy Olympic Range. He cannot he was shut up in a narrow cell, lift or even turn his head, yet there where all locomotion was impos- is the ring of contagious joy in sible. All hope of a home of his the cheery voice. own vanished. Then the family When Frank Loope was gradu- removed to the Pacific Coast, where ated from Harvard University he a retired spot was secured. Here was a hale and hearty young man. he lay suffering physical and men- He practiced medicine for some tal agony; bereft of all faith in time, and then suddenly developed God and man.

one of the few cases of "Mores One day his brother-in-law, an disease" known to the medical pro- insurance solicitor, noticed on a fession in this country. His father, desk of a friend of mine on whom himself a noted surgeon, took him he was calling, a check, and casual- to New York for consultation with ly remarked, "Things seem to be the best specialists and even ob- coming your way." My friend told * From 711w Presbyterian Magazine. him that this was a payment to 731 his wife for a story contributed to standing. To his bedside began a young people's periodical. to come many a caller, including "I wish my brother-in-law, not a few folks of distinction- Frank Loope, could do something travelers who brought him first- of that sort," the other replied. hand stories of far-away lands, "He is a Harvard graduate and a musicians of note, who soothed his poet, but his verses brings him no pain with their melody, singers income. Would you and your wife who thrilled his soul with their be willing to call and have a talk talent, lecturers on various sub- with him?" jects, bringing the result of years Out of the call that followed of study, research, and experience.

came the first ray of hope to the At the time of his father's death helpless invalid. Nine years had Dr. Loope became known to the passed since he had moved; only leading funeral director of the city.

his hands were still free. My This man, a Knight Templar, sug- friends awakened some interest by gested taking the invalid in an suggesting that he write a short ambulance to the next meeting of story for boys. Dr. Loope under- the Knights Templar. Though the took the task in a brave attempt proposal seemed utterly impossible, to make good. On Christmas Eve arrangements were made and car- came a check, which was hung on ried out successfully. The sufferer a Christmas tree by his bed. When returned home exhausted but radi- he saw it, tears of joy filled his antly happy. That was but the first eyes, as he exclaimed, of a series of excursions into the "I'll have that check framed and outside world, which he had sup- hung where I can see it. I have posed was forever shut to him.

something to live for now, after The vision of the stewardship of all! Perhaps I can do something life dawned upon him and he began in the world after all, instead of to plan how he might share his being such a burden to those I pleasure with others afflicted like love." himself. He commenced to organ- The earning of that money was ize parties of shut-ins, taking them the turning point in Dr. Loope's to concerts, lectures and movies.

life. He began to get his thoughts His spirit was contagious. Friends off himself, giving his whole at- rallied to his assistance in steadily tention to writing tales that might widening circles. He secured touch the hearts of others. For wheeled chairs, then more and five years my friend gave an after- more of them, until now over twen- noon a week to teaching him short- ty are in use. Automobiles were story writing, and in the course placed at his disposal, and in many of these lessons, there were many cases their owners volunteered to heart-to-heart talks about the high- drive. Space at public entertain- est things of life. Slowly but sure- ments was offered free, and many ly, the Light that never shone on times he has had more than four sea or land but only in the face hundred shut-ins out at matinees of Jesus Christ, and of those who and evening entertainments. One reflect that radiance, broke through Christmas Day, he secured the use the darkness of the imprisoned of a great railway station waiting soul. Dr. Loope found God and room where nearly five hundred the peace that passeth all under- shut-ins enjoyed a great Christmas

A PARALYZED HOME MISSIONARY

treat, with tree and entertainment the sunshine breaks out from this and refreshments and presents. "Sun-kist Corner." Great burly policemen are at his call, specially trained to handle in- In the course of their welfare valids, carrying them to and from work, my friends, Mr. and Mrs. cars as gently as a mother. W. S. Beeman, learned of a little woman whose husband had de- Tidings of what he is doing have serted his family after three little spread even to foreign lands. A girls were born, one of whom died daily newspaper offered Dr. Loope at birth. There were already two an appointment as editor of a Sun- other children-a boy a year old shine Corner, to print news of and and a girl of four. The latter had for the invalids of the Northwest. been praying for a doll that would Day after day he brightens that close its eyes. Mrs. Beeman promcorner with the very radiance of ised she should have it, and though Christ. she appealed through her Sunday- school class and received many Two telephones are installed by dolls, none were the sort for which his bed, and he is in continual touch Genevieve, the little girl, was praywith a great company of folks, near ing. Christmas was only a few and far. Into his ear they tell days off. Then, as she is wont to their problems and troubles. Sev- do in such emergencies, Mrs. Beeeral volunteer stenographers help man called up Dr. Frank Loope. him with correspondence which pours in from a wide area. Often He laughingly replied, when a case is stated, he answers, "I'm no doll factory." "Have you talked the matter over "Well, join me in praying for with God?" In many cases the this doll," was the reply. admission is made that they "never "All right, we'll pray, and see thought of such a thing." Then what happens." in the eyes of this "Millionaire of Within an hour a limousine Smiles" the wonderful light shines, drove up to Dr. Loope's door and and he goes on to say: "I know a richly dressed woman asked just how it is with you. I lost whether she could see him. Ushyears out of my own life because ered up to the sunporch, where he of my bitterness and unbelief, but lay, she hold him that she was to after I got right with God, every- have gone to a card party at that thing changed for me. You try it, hour, but, as distinctly as a human friend, I'll gladly show you the voice, an impulse had moved her way. It is so simple, and you'll find to bring him a collection of dolls that He'll help you solve all your which had been gathered from all problems, soothe your heartaches, over the world for her little girl make you forget yourself and open who had recently died. up to you a glorious way of service Dr. Loope told her of the tele- phone call he had had an hour beto others." fore. The woman told him how her own little girl had died with Thus he has led hundreds of her arms around one of the dollsmen and women and little children one that could say "Mama" and out of the darkness of despair into close its eyes. Thus Genevieve's the marvelous light of a personal prayer was answered and the friendship with the King. A single woman became a believer in prayer. instance will suffice to show how

SANG-JAI OF KOREA*

BY REV. JAMES S. GALE, D.D.

A T THE close of last century rant, teach me." He had never a well known Korean, schol- bowed low like Bartimreus to say ar and aristocrat, named Yi "Lord, that I may receive my Sang-jai came under the displeas- sight." He was still a proud man, ure of his autocratic king. The set on his own understanding, and latter had heard of expressions so he concluded that while Jesus used by Yi in his public utterances was surpassingly good and great, derogatory of Eastern rule, and he was, after all, only human.

thinking to shut off his influence This was so impressed upon him for good and all had him arrested. that he told his fellow-prisoners, Without trial or habeas corpus he great indeed was Jesus of Naz- was locked behind barred dodrs areth, greatest of human kind. So and gates to eke out a miserable would he preach him just as soon existence while a score of moons as he got out of prison. No more went by. Yi had been abroad in politics, or state reform, should America and elsewhere and had engage his attention. He would be noticed the special place the Bible an apostle of this mighty Master has in the life of Western people, who towered so far above all the a wonderful book seemingly! He East. Make him know he would, inquired for it and at last came but as for his being divine-well, into possession of one done in no, that could not be.

Chinese which he now had in With the roar of the Qpening prison with him. He had also the guns of the Japan-Russia War rebooks of Confucius that he pon- verberating through the hills of dered over and compared with this Seoul, the timid monarch, trem- Bible. Much they had in common bling with fear, sent forth a parbut the New Testament, in its gospels, was surely a special story. It don to all prisoners. Yi was thus told a marvelous tale of someone let out of prison. He betook himwhose like he had not seen before, self to a quiet home at the foot of a mysterious being. Was he God, the North Mountain there to live or was he man? The missionary safd he was God. How wonderful and teach according to his own were his words, his works, his attitudes. True enough, none of the interpretation. He was engaged Confucian sages could equal him. on plans for this purpose when one Yi looked with wonder as he morning the police suddenly apstudied these pages day after day peared, surrounded his home, and and yet he failed to make him out. ordered him to be locked up again. He could not see him clearly, for "But my offence?" asked Yi, he had not yet come to the place of Nicod-emus when he said, "How "what is it?" "We do not know," can these thingf) be? I am igno- they answered, "but the command of His Majesty is 'off to prison.' " There being no help for it, Yi wrapped up his Chinese Bible and Confucian books and made ready >I: From 11hc Evangelical Christian. to start, when the chief officer 734 said, "No books, you must leave read it through, twenty-one chapthese." "But I've always had them ters and like a breath of life it was in prison with me. What shall I to me. The next day I read it do if I cannot read?" "We do not again, and as I read I prayed that know, but the word is, 'No books'." God would open my eyes. "Would Back to the dreary round of Far- you believe it," said he, "as I read Eastern prison life went Yi with it and continued reading Jesus no books to read, no consoling rose before me, divine, the Great voice to speak him hope. What Saviour. I had been wholly wrong should he do? "It will drive me in my estimate of him. He was crazy," thought he. "Still, per- God indeed. After I had read it haps God intends I should pray. through about thirty times, one Let's accept it. His will be done." morning word came that I was Down sank the day with nothing free. "Free?" asked I of the offito break its monotony. The first cer. "Why was I arrested in the night passed with gray walls and first place, and why am I let go cold floor. Next morning as it now?" "I don't know," said he, dawned he realized his plight. Al- "but you are free." So I returned ready he had been two years in a home and on my way I asked mysimilar room but he had had his self, "Who locked me up in prisconsolation, books to read, by on? My soul answered, 'God.' means of which his soul had soared Why did He lock me up? That I away to islands of the blessed. To- might have a vision of Jesus, the day, however, he had no such help. Divine One. Who put the little book under the mat? The Holy "Was Christ divine?" "Whither Ghost, the Comforter. Thank God was all the confusion of life tend- for all his goodness." ing?" Would that he could come at an answer and that his own Thus Yi Sang-jai, Greatheart of heart might find peace. "In my Korea, came forth out of his prisdistress, unconsciously," said he, on experience to be for twenty-five "I lifted up the corner of the years apostle and teacher to his coarse reed-mat that covered my own ancient people. We who knew prison floor, when, 10, what should him, bowed before him and counted him our superior in all I see beneath it but a little book things great and good. His smile, with red cover and a Chinese in- the sound of his voice, the light scription. I looked at it and it of his eye, gave a charm of life, said, "The Gospel According to St. indescribable. On March 30, 1927, John." Had I found the elixir of he passed away. A great national life I could not liave been more funeral, the first ever held, drew overjoyed. Here was a book and I hundreds of thousands of people in could read, and such a book. I its train. read it through that day. Yes, THROUGH THE DESIRE FOR SOMETHING BETTER Columbus discovered America. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. Elias Howe produced the sewing machine. Guglielmo Marconi discovered wireless telegraphy. The Wright brothers succeeded in aviation. Thomas A. Edison has produced the phonograph and other devices. Millions of men have been led to seek the true Way of Life through Christ.

Of THE

The New China and the Missionaries death has been almost canonized as the noblest and wisest of men, T HE movement which started designated of Heaven as the several years ago at Cant.on founder of a new order for China's in a frequently announced Ill- political and social life and her ~~ tention of Southern leaders and ex- lations with the world. It was wIth iles from the North to conduct a this "Heart of Bruce" going be- "punitive expedition" against the fore it that the new expeditionary "illegally functioning Peking des- force of 1926, under Chiang Kai potism," of militarists, by milita- Shek started from Canton with rists and for militarists, and to the ~ld objective but with a new establish a constitutional repub- spirit. It executed its uniformly lie assumed many different forms victorious "whirlwind campaign" before arriving at its destination. through Hunan and Hupeh to the heart of China-the three great lCyoomfptohseed~plpirkeessDeadv,idth'sehaogsgt,rileavrgeed-, cities at the junction of the Han and the Yangtze Rivers _ then the outcast, not merely from the South but from all parts of China, down China's great artery to one it first made desultory sallies into after another of the cities and capprovinces bordering on Kwang- itals of Central China. The accretung, under various leaders, no tion of legions which knew not the leader venturing far from head- great leader, nor cared for his quarters for fear that one of his "Three Principles," but sought numerous ambitious rivals would only adventure and selfish gain, take advantage of his absence to execute a coup d'etat. These fears together with the suicidal counsels repeatedly proved themselves well- of men of another race who set founded, so that the history of class against class through the those years was largely one of bit- empty promise of a proletarian ter and often most sanguinary Utopia, brought this victorious strife among the "Constitutional- host to a halt. It broke it up into ists" themselves, these "anti-mili- mutually hostile bands, retiring the tarists" using eve r y military successful leader, arousing antimeans, even to ruthless massacre, to secure their own supremacy pre- foreign feeling, producing the Nanvious to "punishing" the "milita- king outrage and the general rists" of the North. evacuation of foreigners, including missionaries, from Central and Southern China. For many months Dr. Sun Yat Sen was a sincere, the leadership of the Nationalist patriotic, rather visionary theo- movement was so divided and irrist, who while living was now r~- responsible that many even of the vered, now execrated by those III friends of China gave up all hope power in Canton, but since his that any good would come to China 736

TOPICS OF' THE: 1'1MES 7S7

through this thoroughly disorgan- in uninterrupted cooperation with ized and demoralized organization. other forces advancing up the There was again no little talk of Peking-Hankow Railway. In their the necessity of foreign interven- later movements, they have re- tion, or even the partition of the spected foreign property and have country. protected foreign lives, while re- Partly through the desperate de- lieving the long strain inflicted by termination of certain outstanding other forces upon the Chinese pop- leaders that their country should ulation by paying for what they be neither the prey nor the laugh- have used and avoiding all unneces- ing-stock of stronger nat ion s sary destruction.

through the jealousies of Chinese Whether or not the national capi- leaders and their consequent in- tal will be permanently transferred ability to do team-work, partly to Nanking in view of the vast ex- through complete disillusionment penditures involved in the change, of these leaders as to the motives remains to be seen; but the trans- of their communistic advisers and fer gives the advantage of central- the fruits of their theories, and ity and of removal from the treaty- partly through the conciliatory and appointed foreign garrisons of helpful friendliness of Great Brit- Peking. The early revision of that ain and America, the Nationalist treaty may tip the balance in favor Movement has pulled itself togeth- of the old capitaL Of much more er again. It cast out the Commu- importance is China's disappoint- -nists, dismissed the Soviet advisers, ment of the many predictions of discharged or defeated the malcon- critics, and even doubting friends, tents, secured the allegiance of the that the capture of Peking would most powerful generals, reorgan- be followed at once by ambitious ized its armies, thoroughly coor- strife among her prominent mili- dinated its campaign and pressed tary leaders, resulting not only in on to final victory at Tientsin and failure of reconstruction but even Peking. This has not been accom- in the dismemberment of the coun- plished without mistakes and un- try. It is too early to assert that fortunate incidents-the deaths of all such danger has passed, but not Dr. Seymour at Tsining and Mrs. too early to note the evidences that Hobart at Taianfu, the comman- the mutual oath of loyalty of the deering of foreign property for Nationalist leaders at the grave of military occupation – have all Sun Yat Sen (the most sacred form marred the northward progress, of oath in China), was no mere which seemed likely to be stopped empty form, and that they are entirely, or held up indefinitely, by firmly resolved to subject personal conflict with the Japanese at ambitions to the great ambition of Tsinanfu and along the Shantung uniting all China and to the con- Railway to Tsingtao. Without struction of a nation worthy of a awaiting judgment as to the re- position of equality with the other sponsibility for this regrettable nations of the world. Thank God clash, the Nationalists refused to that the United States of America be diverted from their great ob- has expressed her confidence in jective, and, leaving the Shantung this constructive intention, and has situation to be cleared up at their held out a sympathetic helping later leisure, pressed on to Peking hand of recognition and concession, 4

instead of waiting for other na- Chinese Christian which promise tions disposed to "wait and see" more equal and satisfying associa- tion and more fruitful cooperation or even to interpose obstacleB in in the years to come. The missionthe way of her independence and ary, as a rule, will exercise less reorganization. authority than in the past, but pos- sibly will exert more influence. By The rapid, sometimes extrava- request and desire of the Chinese, gant, growth of China's national he will be, in most cases, a minconsciousness has brought much in- ister or a member of the Chinese convenience and some suffering to Church; by its appointment asforeign residents; but it has also signed to specific work. By his own brought many very wholesome choice he will be subject to the govheart-searchings and realignments, ernment and discipline of the Chinot only to nations whose citizens nese Church; counselor and fellowand commerce have been affected, laborer loaned by the Church in the not only to the Chinese who have West to her sister Church in China. realized and repented the extrava- The trans-Pacific steamers of gances, but also to some mission- August and September will be aries who had, though largely crowded with returning missionunconsciously, failed to do justice aries; most of the evacuated sta- tions are re-opening, and everyto the Chines.e race and sometimes where a special warmth of weleven to their own Chinese associ- come from the Chinese is maniates. At the same time the serious result of ill-advised nationalism in fested. the evacuation of many mission One of the most acute recent stations by order of Board or Consul, has thrown such unwonted re- problems, and one of the most difsponsibility upon both paid and ficult, for missions and their supunpaid Chinese Christians as has, porting boards, has been that of Christian education. Before the on the one hand, drawn out the rise of the Anti-Religion and Antidevotion and abilities latent in the Christian Movements about 1922, faithful while driving away the and the subsequent intensification few unworthy ones. On the other of the new national consciousness, hand these things have brought to Christian schools had been tacitly all a new appreciation of what they granted liberty to teach what they owe to the missionary for past chose and how they chose, since no service, and of the practical im- compulsion whatever kept students possibility of accomplishing their in any school with whose curevangelistic and educational task riculum they were displeased. A without his help for yet many years rapid increase in the proportion of to come. There has been in addi- non-Christian students, enrolled in tion, during those terrible days at the Christian schools as superior Nanking, and elsewhere, a unique to those maintained by the Governdemonstration of the sacrificial de- ment, attracted the attention of the votion of Chinese Christians to anti-Christians and anti-religionmissionary friends in their deadly ists, and its "peril of Christian peril. proselytism" was magnified many From these results of the recent fold in public denunciation and in strenuous and painful years there fiery opposition at meetings of ed- has developed a mutual respect and affection between missionary and

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

ucational associations. The s e schools that no student should be bodies sought from Boards of Edu- excluded from their privileges!"

cation strict regulations requiring Of course there are not a few registration of all private schools missionaries who believe that all and their exclusion of all required religious instruction and worship religious studies and worship. Of- should be voluntary as a matter of ficial "interpretations" led many principle and advantage to the Christian educators to feel that school, quite apart from govern- they involved no sacrifice of Chris- ment regulations; and they, as well tian purpose, while others think as their opponents, marshal a them a direct denial of the Chris- formidable array of statistics in tian aim, and ask as to the fate of evidence. It is too early to decide. registered s c h 0 0 1s when some The China missionaries, on the Board of Education chooses to in- field and on furlough, have, as a terpret the regulations m 0 r e rule, rejoiced in the American strictly. The problem has been State Department's notable diplomade more difficult by the fact that matic expression to China of syma large majority of the Chinese pathetic confidence and helpfulness, Christians, in their new patriotism the recognition of the new Governand in the fear that graduates of ment, and declaration of readiness unregistered schools may not be received in registered schools, ad- to negotiate for the removal of all "inequalities" in international revocate registration. lations. It is a fine example In the south, the situation has to other nations and indirectly a been complicated by conflicting authorities in regions held by the gesture of protection to China, and Nationalists, and by the require- should lead eventually to the clearment of reverence to Sun Yat Sen. ing of international obstacles from the road to China's full rehabilita- Christian educational associations have hesitated; missions and boards tion and development into one of have varied from complete approval the strong nations of the world. of registration to a preference for It will strengthen the determinathe closing of schools. Many hope tion of China's new leaders to hold that the new National Board of Edu- together for the great constructive cation, in harmony with recent pro- work. They have held together on nouncements of Nationalist leaders the field and, in spite of gloomy in emphatic favor of complete reli- forecasts, in the Government Coungious liberty, will issue new regula- cil which has just finished its contions allowing private schools free- sideration of the many and great dom of instruction and worship, problems which present themselves with no prejudice to students' before the rulers of a new nation standing. A rather naive reply of 400,000,000 or more. Four memwas made by a Nationalist leader bers of China's Cabinet are Chris- recently to the question, when he tians and other Christians are on said: committees, to which the govern- "Yes, it is true that students ment is, for the present, to be en- who do not wish Christianity are trusted, rather than to a possibly not compelled to attend Christian ambitious President. The Chris- schools; but those schools are so tian Church will watch the Council much better than the government with special interest, not, of course

in the foolish hope that a Christian has made almost superhuman adnation may come forth by fiat, but vances. in the hope of a more genuine establishment of religious liberty Fortunately, we have an historical than that obtained through the example of how this can be done more strenuous struggle of a dozen years rapidly. When our own southern ago. While we have grown accus- states found themselves, following the tomed to unexpected upsets in Civil War, overwhelmed with the edu- China, and too confident predic- cational problem, and passions and tions are not in order, yet there politics as well as poverty prevented a probably has never been a time sufficiently prompt mobilizing of edusince the revolutionary establishment of the republic in 1912, when cational forces, outside help was the outlook for a righly reconstructed· China was so bright as it given. Great private funds like the is at the present time. General Education Board, the Phelps- COURTENAY HUGHES FENN. Stokes, the Jeanes, the Rosenwald and other funds so supplemented govern- The Present Crisis in Mexico ment aid that education was advanced in double quick time. T HE assassination of President- elect Obregon of Mexico means At first these efforts were crude and that long centuries of abuse re- often offensive to the South; but both quire long educational processes for the North and the South learned to correction. Friends of Mexico ought cooperate, and the Southerns have to take the present crisis as a chal- come now to be large contributors. lenge to speed up these processes. By holding conferences for education in the South all parties have come to a The assassination of Obregon, as of beautiful fellowship in the common many others who have, though faintly cause and today more educational comand faultily, challenged the old order missions go to visit Southern instituin Mexico during centuries, is not the tions from various nations than in any crime of an individual. It is society itself that must answer-the kind of a other place in the world. What has society that has allowed to exist in Mexico and in its next-door neighbor, been done in the South can be done in elements that would play fatally on the Mexico, with similar good results for passions of the masses who have been all concerned. Mexicans of ability kept ignorant, degraded and supersti- ought to volunteer help. But so also tious, that they might better be ex- ought Americans to help, for the ploited. greater part of all Mexico's wealth is in American hands. The present situation emphasizes the oft repeated statement that only The time for such a serious moveby enlightened education can Mexico solve her problems. But so little is ment of a neighbor to help Mexico is done to educate! At the close of the Diaz regime it was estimated that the more propitious now because of 75% of the population was illiterate. The revolutionary movement has made two reasons. Those reasons are Calles herculean efforts and in the last few years the Department of Education and Morrow. Calles is a school teacher with the educational attitude.

Morrow is the first ambassador we have sent to Mexico that is sufficiently wise, understanding and devoted to the development of Mexico's masses, rightly to befriend such a movement with a great practical demonstration of Christian brotherhood that will re- verberate throughout the Americas and the world. S. G. INMAN. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED ABOUT METHODS By HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY, Rochester, N. Y.

I have learned that some method is A third thing that I have learned is absolutely necessary if we are to do that a well-organized society runs effective work. The great difficulty smoothly, without the jolts and jars with many missionary societies is that that occur in a society where one they are so casual. They go along in woman tries to do everything, and a rut, year after year, and go con- then sighs over the perfectly terrifytentedly, like one of those fat, old ing amount of work ·she has to do.

fashioned family horses, whose very If I had only two women in a society "plop, plop, plop" could lull you to I would have at least two committees sleep on the J:oughest road. with one member at the head of each So the first thing I would say is to committee.

study hard until you get a plan for Most of our denominational Boards your work, and then work that plan have issued booklets with the most for all you are worth. As long as you careful and well-considered plans of are bound for nowhere in particular organization for local auxiliaries; and you are likely to arrive in the village yet there are women who will glance of nowhere; as long as you aim at over the booklet indifferently, push it nothing special you are likely to hit aside disdainfully, exclaiming, "One the bullseye, "Nothing," every time. could never use anything so compli- Then I have learned that the best cated as that" and return to their old plans are not lowered out of the sky unorganized circles. Now an oyster on one woman; but are likely to be has very little organization, but who built up of careful and continued and would wish to be an oyster? The faithful planning by a committee. The price of smooth-running efficiency is one woman society is usually a one- organization. But too many mission- horse affair. One brain spinning all ary societies try to function with old, the plans and programs spins a pat- outgrown, worn out or non-existent tern that everyone recognizes. organization.

Take a leaf out of the experience I have learned that the best organi- of the best organized woman's clubs. zation will not run itself. Someone They have a program committee, meet- must work through the organization, ing regularly and planning out the and not counter to it. Yet discouraged work a year ahead. A plan on which a presidents are saying, "I can't get anyhalf dozen have toiled and prayed to- body to help. I just have to do it all gether is apt to have the bouquets myself." They assign responsibility, and not the brickbats of at least a and assign tasks, but both, are like half dozen of the members. No two bouncing balls attached to a rubber of us look at things just alike, and a cord, that are yanked back again into united plan is apt to have the good the hands of the officious presidents.

points wrought out by many persons, Said a woman to me not long ago, hence it has a far wider appeal than "I am just discouraged. Mrs. A asked the one that approves itself to only one me to do something. I was taking real person. pleasure in it, and the first woman I 741 called upon said, '0 yes, Mrs. A tele- I am sure that we understand that phoned to me about that this morning.' they are just as good as we are." The trouble is she never trusts you to take care of your job, but she always After this astonishing speech she keeps her hand on it." could not understand why there seemed to be a frost in the meeting. Such an experience is not infrequent. Such a president is training I should put the ability to forget no one to fill her place. She has no understudy. She is making her society herself, and to make every one feel weak and parasitic by her over-fussi- at home among the chief qualities in a president. ness. A president owes it to subordinate I have learned that definiteness is greatly to be desired in the presentaofficers to talk over their responsi- tion of missions. Vague, big-worded, bilities with them, to write down definitely, if it is not already defined abstract presentation of general matin the constitution, just what their ter is uniformly dull. One concrete duties are, and when the understand- item about a real situation is worth ing is complete to let go, to trust them, everything. What gave the tremenand let them know she is depending dous drive to Catherine Mayo's upon them. "Mother India"? The fact that she dealt not with generalities or organi- I have learned that little things zation but with definite vital facts that have a big power in the successful gripped the people who read it. program. Flowers for the desk, a careful arrangement of the seats, good There are speakers so constituted ventilation, attention to the hymns that they can take the juice out of chosen so that they fit into the any topic and make it as dryas dust. topic of the meeting; choice of Scrip- Their method is usually general, abture and a score of other details should be attended to by those who are ap- stract, political, rather than particular, pointed to look after them. They concrete, human. should not be attempted all by one woman. They give atmosphere to the When pictures, curios, dramatics meeting. have such instant power to move, when, of all topics, missions abounds In this atmosphere nothing counts in color, the unusual, the dramatic, more than simple friendliness. A stiff, why is it that we make use of them so formal, frigid, caste-ridden meeting infrequently? will invariably be a small one. Not so long ago the ladies of the "First-" I have learned that the deepest dechurch invited the circle from "Cal- fect in all our programs are their vary," a newly-organized church in a prayer failures. We put up a brief "deplain part of the town, to meet with them. The "Calvary" ladies came, votional exercise" as a sort of orthotwenty of them, with high anticipa- dox lightning rod, and then amble tions to the famous old "First" church. No one greeted them at the door. through a long program with never a They all huddled timidly by them- word of prayer. "Praying always," selves in one part of the room. The "in everything by prayer," says Paul. regular members came in coldly, none Why not interrupt a meeting to pray seemed to be very happy, or to antici- definitely for a need just brought to pate a very good time. The climax our attention? Why not remember was when the president, a pompous our missionaries by names and by little woman, very anxious to do good, circumstance before the throne' of said, "I am sure that the ladies of the grace? Why not make our meetings First Church want to give a warm real intercessory gatherings? That is welcome to the ladies of Calvary and the way of power.

——- ONLY A POSTAGE STAMP If the Christians in America would give one postage stump per capita per week for foreign missions. it would mean $30,000,000 in one year.. If one car fare a W8e-k, $75,000,000; if one dlS1! of lee cream a week, $200,000,000; If the eql1lva]ent of one hour's work, at the rate of unskilled labor, $900,OOO,OOO.-Ghri8tian In- tcZZigencer.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND ST., NEW YORK MISSIONARY EDUCATION TODAY cussion of the major problems in the missionary education of each grade. The April issue of the REVIEW cont~~ned ~n article by Rev. R. A. Hume, D.D., on .A MlSM It is felt that the chief significance sionary's Motives To-day…. Man~ are ana- of these two conferences lies in the lyzing the motives WhICh anlmate the future. The discussions of such groups missionary enterprise to-day and are care- of missionary workers as met on both fully stuuying present methods.-EDITOR. occasions are sure to be stimulating, but are likely to raise more questions The Missionary Education Move- than they answer. Just in proportion to their novelty do they require furment held during 1927, two educa- ther experimentation.

tional conferences. The first, on April At the opening session a report was presented of the responses to the ques- 2ob1jset~tmiveets in New York City to discuss tionnaire mentioned above. One hun- in missionary education. dred and ten correspondents answered all or part of the questionnaire, 62 About fifty delegates were present. women and 45 men. These were dis- tributed over 18 denominations. Prac- Very specific lists of objectives were tically all replies were from those friendly to the missionary enterprise, formulated for each of five age groups, about half of them having official con- nection with it. The returns give to serve as a basis for further criti- almost no clue to the opinions of uni- versity students influenced by modern cism and experimentation. (These tendencies of thought, non-missionary intelligentsia, business men, and the lists may be obtained from the Move- rank and file in the pews. Allowance for this must be made in estimating ment.) the replies.

The second conference met at Poco- Motives of the Missionary Enterprise no Manor, Pennsylvania, October 4th- t6oth~onwsiitdhera total of eighty delegates, the most effective motives and methods of missionary education.

This subject was chosen with two special problems in mind. In the first place, it was realized that some of ~he motives for missionary work WhICh were once most influential have in many sections lost their hold to a greater or less extent. Enough change has taken place to render desirable some study of the question. In the Of 29 possible motives for the missecond place, the objectives drafted at sionary enterprise, the following were the previous conference needed further most frequently marked A, indicating discussion. In order to be achieved those which appealed most strongly they must be adequately motivated to the correspondents: and approached by appropriate meth- Desire to fulfil Christ's mission to the ods. world. For the study of the first problem Desire to spread the kingdom of God. His desire that all men shall be brought a rather extensive questionnaire had Obtoediaenkcneotwoletdhgeecoomf mthaendtruotfhC. hrist. been prepared and distributed through Constraint of the love of Christ for all the secretaries of a large number of boards. mankind. Desire to share our best blessings, tem- Most of the time of the conference was spent on the second problem. The poral, intellectual and spiritual.

delegates divided into five sections for X signified that the correspondent study of the several age groups. The thought the motive was growing leaders of each section reported to the stronger in its appeal today. Those whole gathering and conducted a dis- most frequently so marked were: 743

Desire to promote good will betwen na- The sharing of our own experience of tions and races. personal communion with Christ.

Desire to help solve world problems. The Christiani'zation of all aspects of Desire to counteract evil influences of national life.

Western civiHzation. Helping other peoples to make their own Desire for the broadest human fellow- interpretation of Christ.

ship. The objectives most frequently Desire to develop the best possibilities of struck out as positively undesirable were: those for whom we work. The extension of the beliefs for which It is striking that none of these our denomination stands. are among those which the largest number of correspondents consider The overthrow of false religions which most important. cannot save and which blind men to the truth. o signified that the motives seemed The salvation of souls from eternal death for reasons, good or bad, to be losing through faith in Christ. in appeal. Those most frequently marked thus were: The bringing out of the best and re- pressing the worst in non-Christian Pity for the future state of the heathen. religions. Desire to extend the Church. Desire to hasten the second coming of The objectives most frequently left without any mark were: Christ. The greater glory of God. The evangelization of the world in this Pity for their present life without generation.

Christ. The discovery of new tasks for organized Christianity which have hitherto been Correspondents were asked to strike neglected. out any motives considered to be positively objectionable. Those most fre- Why Ohanges Are Taking Place in quently marked thus were: Motives and Methods Desire to hasten the second coming of Christ. The questionnaire contained 53 pos- sible reasons for such changes. Those Pity for the future state of the heathen. most frequently marked A, signifying Desire to extend the Church. true and especially symptomatic of A particular interest in some nation or present tendencies, were: class. The cultivation of spiritual life has been The benefit resulting from the reaction neglected.

of missionary effort on the home The older, sharply drawn line between Church. the saved and the lost no longer stim· ulates many, even of those who still Only the following offended the sen- hold it in theory. sibilities of no one: Creature comforts, once considered lux- Desire to fulfil Christ's mission to the uries, have now become for many in- world. dispensable.

Desire for the broadest human fellow- Those who have become dependent upon ship. such indulgences feel rebuked, and therefore repelled by the ideals of sac- Desire to make one's life count for most. rifice for which missionary work Desire to spread the kingdom of God. stands. Desire to promote good will between na- Following the extreme emotional tension tions and races. of the Great War, there has been a reaction in which appeals for effort Objectives of Missionary Enterprise and sacrifice have less influence.

There were 24 possible objectives The multitude of financial drives of of the missionary enterprise present- every description has lessened enthued. It was realized that these would siasm for anything that seems like overlap the motives to a certain ex- drive promotion. tent, but it was considered worth while to check up on general trends Others frequently marked as true in this way. The objectives most fre- in the opinion of correspondents were: quently marked A were: The multiplication of agreeable ways of The training of Christian leadership. spending the time makes more serious The promotion of universal brotherhood. occupations less congenial.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

Machinery of promotion has been over- struck out by the whole body. In emphasized and spiritual motives not some cases this may have been due to sufficiently so. a different interpretation of the state- ment in question, but in others it The average church member has no such probably signifies that some of our sense of proprietorship in missionary constituency are still giving first place boards as alumni have in institutions to motives and opinions that in the they have attended, or citizens in mu- minds of the main body of progressive nicipal projects. promoters of the missionary enter- prise are discredited. It should be E signified that in the judgment of strongly emphasized that the returns the correspondent the statement was quoted above come in general from the altogether false. Those most frequent- best friends the enterprise has today. ly marked thus were: If there had been received, as had been hoped, replies representing the The intellectual, social and spiritual attitudes of those who are indifferent quality of those who enter the ministry or critical, it is very probable that the is declining. complexion of results would be ma- terially altered. Some have their confidence in efficiency shaken by the transfer of administra- Some of the matters to which at- tion on the field to native control. tention was called in the introductory addresses were as follows: There is a suspicion that reports from the field are one-sided or prejudiced. 1. Among the influences that are affecting theological thought today is On the part of many pastors an unwill- the experimental method of verifica- ingness to face the question of volun- tion which is undermining confidence teering for missionary service makes in authority in general, and has also it difficult to promote the enterprise had a disintegrating effect on many with enthusiasm. ideals and standards of value. The demonstrated importance of accurate The sentimentality of some missionary tracing! of causal connections leads appeals has led to the suspicion that many to discount whatever does not most of them are sob stuff. easily lend itself to this method. Hope is directed, not to God, but to the What Are You Most Interested To understanding of nature. New cir- Learn About the Missionary cumstances and thrills are being Enterprioe? placed within the reach of multitudes whose lives were formerly monoto- The items most frequently marked nous and prosaic, with the result of an were: increasing acceptance of a pleasure philosophy of life. It is realized that Fine types of native Christians, or of the so-called heathen are not so black other races won to Christianity in this as they were painted, and that we are country. not so white. The social problems of the twentieth 2. In colleges there is good response century as affecting missionary effort at home and abroad. to the ideas of work fellowship, inter- national relations, efforts to under- Building up the native church on the stand one another, but little for mis- foreign field. sions. Certain terms used in connec- tion with missions are not understood Current history as affecting missionary and others are repellant. There is a effort. feeling that some features of mission- ary work have ceased to function. Political developments and problems of Foreign students, some of whom feel internationalism. very bitterly, have given a different Those most frequently struck out were: Horrors of heathenism. Arguments of non-Christians. Evidences of the weakening of other re- ligions. Scientific estimate of the actual efficien- cy of the missionary enterprise. Weak spots in the present organization at home.

yorrespondents very frequently indicated their special approval of certain statements. It is interesting that a number of individuals selected those statements that were most frequently

picture of missionary enterprise. 6. Do you keep your head in an Some students react against the mili- emergency? tary metaphors which missionary supporters have used. 7. Do you remain calm under criti- cism? 3. High pressure methods of missionary appeal to the home church 8. Do your mates respect you and have left some unfortunate reactions cooperate with you? against organized campaigns and missionary enthusiasm in general. Only 9. Can you maintain discipline a small percentage of the Church is without using authority? being reached with educational methods. Such methods should be brought 10. Can you handle a group of disto bear on new organizations that are satisfied persons successfully? arising. Attention was called to a large group of missionary societies of 11. Are you a successful peace-maka strongly evangelistic type without er? organized church support, but with special conferences of their own; 12. Are you patient in dealing with also, on the other hand, the challenges nervous and hard-to-pease people? from the various standards of every feature of the missionary enterprise. 13. Can you get people to do things It was urged that the task of Christi- without irritating them? anity in the world today be considered as one especially of education, rather 14. Can you stand being opposed than proclamation. without saying things you regret lat- er? The Missionary Education Movement was asked to arrange for con- 15. Are the delicate situations ever tinued study and experimentation. All turned over to you to handle? interested are asked to cooperate in this effort to establish missionary 16. Do you make and· keep friends education upon a sounder basis. Re- easily? ports of projects and experiments will be gratefully received and correspond- 17. Do you catch yourself quarrelence regarding objectives, motives, ing about petty things? methods and materials is invited. 18. Do you adjust yourself to stran- Communications should be addressed to the gers easily? ruducational Se~retary, Missionary Education !.'loveml'nt, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 19. Are you free from embarrass- CGllics of the complete rpport, including the ment before superiors? s('ctions dealing with the various age groups, may he sccured from the )'lovcmcnt at 10 cents 20. Are subordinates at ease in each. your presence?

ESSENTIALS OF LEADERSHIP 21. Can you express your ideas without appearing overbearing and By DR. H. H. HORNE, narrow-minded? New York University 22. .Are you interested in folks? In giving yourself a rating, allow 23. Have you tact? three points or a fraction of three on 24. Have you a' reasonable amount each question. of self-contidence ? 25. Have you confidence in your 1. Have you a strong body? cause? 2. Did you ever break yourself of a bad habit? 26. Have you the cooperative and 3. Can YOU exercise self-control not the competitive spirit? when things go wrong? 4. Are you cheerful and free from 27. Are you adapted to the group grouchy spells? you seek to lead? 5. Do you think for yourself? 28. Have you a steady will? 29. Do you have vision, that is, can you see the better order coming? 30. Have you the power of the single motive?

31. Do you wear the leader's white flower of the sincere life?

32. Are you sometimes alone ~ith yourself and God?

33. Can you sense yourself as an agent of the world-purpose?

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK TOYOBIKO KAGAWA the young people loyal to it. With (Since its organization it has been reference to the Government, he is the purpose of the Federation Bulletin much trusted now, though in former and Magazines Committee to present years he was several times imprisoned the Christian Movement in the Orient because of his adive interest in the through national leaders. Articles by strikers. During one of those impristhem and about them have appeared. onments he wrote his most famous This month through excerpts from book 'Beyond the Death Line' which letters and articles of those who have has gone through 180 editions. (In seen him in his home and at his work English called 'Before the Dawn.') we present "the outstanding Christian in Asia."-AMY G. LEWIS.) " ….. There is nothing he is not tackling: model tenements, kinder- gartens, matrons' classes, the cooper- Winifred Wygal of the Y. W. C. A. atives, farmers' unions, etc. " ….. Kagawa is in Gandhi's class, after a visit to his home in the suburbs I should say …. Kagawa has suffered of Osaka writes: and prayed and reflected as much as Gandhi; though, of course, not for so "Mr. Kagawa is thirty-nine years old and has written more than forty many years."

books on a wide range of subjects. Ruth L. Fraser of the Y. W. C. A.

He is a real scholar and very devout. writes of his visit to China and sends He and his wife have suffered and extracts from his speeches before the have sacrificed everything for their Conference on Christianizing Eco- faith in social justice through Jesus. nomic Relations held in Shanghai, Mr. Kagawa runs two large settle- before the International Industrial ments. Always he is organizing co- Service League and before the Chris- operatives, unions, getting Christians tian pastors and leaders in Shanghai: into politics, in the hope of changing "In August of last year, this great conditions. His biggest campaign now man of Japan came to China for a is what he calls his 'Million Souls for visit of several weeks to attend the Jesus' campaign. Street preaching is conference called by the National one of the largest activities of the Christian Council on 'Christianizing group. He preaches almost every Economic Relations.' Upon the mem- night to crowded houses and he is bers of this conference the personal- sure that the people are hungry for ity and social philosophy of Mr.

God and the Christian religion. He Kagawa made so deep an impression writes prolifically in the hope of that we feel it worth while to give an reaching the common people, and is idea of the man and his philosophy.

having quantities of inexpensive liter- "Brought up in a wealthy home, ature printed for distribution among Kagawa became an earnest and zeal- them. ous Christian while yet a young stu· "It is noteworthy that he is loyal dent. In his book 'Beyond the Death both to the Government and to the or- Line' he tells how his first sight of ganized Church. He himself is a poor people living in crowded dis- Presbyterian and he stays inside. His tricts, his meeting with a beggar idea is to remake the Church by put- woman and a year's residence in a ting social passion and religious fervor poor fishing village where he went for into it from the inside and by keeping his health aroused his conscience as a . 747

Christian to work to better the con- in the slums and experiencing there ditions of such people. Although suf- the problems of pauperism, I am of fering from tuberculosis, at the age the opinion that these problems are of twenty-two he went to preach and best met by the encouragement of a later to live in the poor district of labor movement.

Kobe. " ….. 'I like the three principles " 'While preaching in the slums,' he of Dr. Sun Yat Sen. His ideas are says, 'I made many friends. I do not the same as mine. I do not like like to call them converts but friends. Marxianism, but if communism is of Some had been murderers. I have the humanitarian type – "giving"

been beaten by some of these people, communism, not "robbing" commu- or threatened with swords and pistols, nism-I approve of it. I have no before they came to understand my sympathy toward it if it means vio- words. Now two of them, under the lence.'

new manhood suffrage law are going "Mr. Kagawa's interest in working into the prefectural assemblies and people is not confined to the cities but one has become a poet widely read and extends to the country villages, those now translated into Russian.' other feeders of the slums. 'The Na- "But Mr. Kagawa is not satisfied tional Peasants' Union in Japan was with mere relief work among people formed in my little chapel in the who have sunk to the lowest depths of slums, six years ago. It was my prin- human existence. He is too fine a stu-' ciple to organize but not to become dent of economics and sociology for the president. In this way, I also or- that. One of his many books is called ganized the Federation of Labor of 'The Psychology of the Slums.' 'The West Japan, the cooperatives in more I studied slum psychology, the Osaka, Kobe, and Tokyo, and the Tok- more I realized that we must stop the yo Students' Cooperatives and three slums higher up. Three kinds of peo- Or four schools of labor. One by one, ple came down to the slums-a major- I turned these all over to my friends.

ity who are sick, some who are feeble My friend, Rev. Motojiro Sugiyama minded, and some who have vices such led the Peasants' Union. Two years as gambling, drinking, drugs or sex- ago we had 100,000 families in it ual vice. Most of them come from the which meant about half a million country villages or from the ranks of members. When the communists came the Ill-boring classes. So unless we the peasants did not know what they preach to the laboring classes, we can were, nor what "left" was, and turned never save the slums.' …… 'Every- Red, and took money from Russia. So where in the world the first agitators Sugiyama resigned, and he and I for social reconstruction have been started a new union of the peasants the intelligentsia. From the begin- and called it the Pan-Japanese Peas-'

ning the Japanese churches have pro- ants' Union which has about 30,000 duced labor leaders. Christianity was members.'

hated, and becoming a Christian "Political action is also a part of meant being looked upon as a danger- Mr. Kagawa's program for saving the ous person. Having taken that step, slums. He has been largely instru- one felt he might as well go one fur- mental in organizing the Socialist ther; so we Christians became labor Party, the Farmer-Labor Party, and leaders. the Proletarian Political Party, but " ….. 'It is evident that there is from the beginning he knew that uni- less labor disturbance where there are versal suffrage was necessary in Japan genuine trades unions. The union before the poor and the working peo- movement is not a violence movement, ple could get their rights. He went it is a solidarity movement. It bene- from Shanghai to spend the autumn fits the laborers, but it benefits society and winter in a campaign of education also. After eighteen years of living 'to prepare his friends in peasant and

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

labor circles for the intelligent use of "Mr. Kagawa was mQst sympathetie their new privilege. with China and her aims. 'I like "Small of stature, almost insignifi- China,' he said. 'China taught us cant in appearance but for the light civilization. Confucius, Mencius, and in his face, Mr. Kagawa fascinates Chinese Buddhism taught us real people with his extremes. A Chris- civilization of the heart. Now, again, tian faith so simple as to be almost as I meet you, I feel your greatness childlike flowers into a special philos- of territory and of civilization, and ophy staggering in its embrace. A though today you are suffering, I feel deadly seriousness of purpose lies' be- some day you will come again to teach neath all his charming humor as he us.' With his engaging combination talks, for as he himself says, 'Since I of wit and deep significance, he made have lived in the slums, I have under- another interesting reference to the stood for the first time the function intimate connection between China of laughter; it is God's precious and Japan. Speaking of labor condi- safety valve.' tions in Japan he said: 'There are "His life is as full of extremes as probably at least 200,000 unemployed his character. Living a busy life in Japan this year because of the twenty-four hours a day among the panic and slump in industry. Forty degraded and destitute, he has ap- per cent of the industry in Osaka and parently read the best books of all Tokyo depends on China. When you languages along his special lines of have a disturbance here, we also have economics, sociology and philosophy trouble. We therefore request you to and in the field of literature. He be quiet now!'

quotes English authors freely. He "A few words of his own in a devo- has never ceased to preach, but he has tional talk at the conference express somehow managed to enlarge his audi- more clearly than any comment, the el1ce to cover the world through the spirit and motive of Mr. Kagawa's medium of his forty-five books. 'And,' life: he says, 'I have several more ready "'What we need today in our So- for publication.' Imprisoned by his cial Movement is the man who can government in 1919 for his activities bear the Cross and who can love in connection with the Labor Move- others as Christ loves him. The most ment, after the earthquake in 1923 he difficult thing is to reconstruct society was called by the same government so that we can forgiVe others. To to Tokyo to become a member of the give opportunities to the minority, to Imperial Economic Commission. He forgive those who come against us- described the period as follows: 'I to forgive them and redeem them- was in Tokyo fully three years doing and to die for those who harm us, relief work-the only one of the well- that is the ideal; and Christ did that.

known Socialists who dared to enter The love of Christ stands out as the the capital at that time. During greatest thing known to humanity. It those years, I did little organization is only as we shall bear in our hearts work among laborers and peasants. the Cross, and express in our lives The conservative leaders asked me to God's love, that we may lift the stay in Tokyo because I had worked fallen.' "

in the slums and studied them so long Surely this of all times is not the time that they considered me an expert in to disbelieve in Foreign Missions. Surely relief work. Three times a week I he who despairs of the power of the Gosmet at the Prime Minister's office with this commission and helped in the pel to convert the world toda:y, despairs reconstruction of Tokyo. I was also of the noontide just when the sunrise is breaking out of twilight on the earth.

Rather we ought to come into the very asked to be one of a committee of heart of the Gospel. • We should come with true confidence to claim our Saviour seven to study immigration and offer advice on that question.' for the world and to claim the world for our Saviour.-Phillips Brooks.

JAPAN-KOREA signal the traffic this little

dangled clearly from under his coat. The Gospel in Print I said to myself, '0, that that man may fully un~rstand and compre- GEORGE BRA I T H W A I T E, of hend the great significance of that Tokyo, speaking in London at the emblem on his watch-fob.' Then I eighty-second annual meeting of the added, 'Perhaps he does.' . . . . A few World's Evangelical Alliance, said: days later as I was walking past an "My work for most of the time I have optician's shop, I caught sight of that been in Japan has been to provide familiar and thought-provoking pic- Christian books and tracts for the ture called 'The Rock of Ages,' depict- Japanese. It has been officially stated ing a cross in a stormy sea. Naturally that ninety-nine per cent of the the same impulse came to me, and I children of school age in Japan said, 'Surely there is a cross in that actually attend school, and so we man's life.''' have tremendous opportunities there for the Gospel in its printed form Joseph's Message for Japan to go out right over the whole country. . . .It is splendid to see some ONE of the "best sellers" in of the Japanese Christians taking hold Tokyo book stores is reported of the problems that come before them, to be the story of Joseph, which and it is very encouraging to see dif- is published under the title, "Out ferent things that are happening. The of the Pit." D. F. Ehlman writes Gospel of Christ is transforming of the book in The Outlook of Japan. There is absolute liberty Missions: "Joseph's triumph over there. Two copies of every book or the seemingly impossible proves the tract we publish has to be sent to the falsity of fatalism and is introducing Government before being put into cir- many to the possibility of new living. culation. The Japanese Government Joseph did not believe in the current have power to stop or change them in 'it cannot be helped' philosophy. If he any way they wish. They have never had, he surely would have committed even suggested any change in our suicide and excused himself as a poppublications." ular Japanese author, Akutagawa, did last summer by saying, 'Suicide needs The Cross in Kagoshima great courage, and only the coura- REV. JOHN TER BORG, mission- geous can take their own lives.' Why ary of the Reformed Church in is 'Out of the Pit' meeting with such America, describes several occasions a great response? The answer I bewhen he has seen the cross in the lieve is contained in the implications streets of the Japanese city of Kago- of a rather typical article which apshima. Among them are these two: peared some time ago in The Japan "The other day while riding in a street Times describing several cases in car I noticed a cross hanging from the which parents first murdered their watch fob of a traffic director who was children and then committed suicide standing on a busy crossing. Every in order to escape the miseries of time the man would lift his hands to poverty."

750

1928J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

A Kobe College Symphony of our knight on the spacious and T HE Student Government Associa- beautiful campus of this institution tion of Kobe College for Women, of learning, which he himself founded Kobe, Japan, took charge of the pro- and where the Korean youths came gram for Founder'S Day this year, from all parts of the country to see the and various groups of students com- li~ht of truth and to be inspired by peted in expressing their conception the ideals of love and service."

of the spirit of the college. President Street Preaching in Syenchun Charlotte B. De Forest writes: "The group of teacher judges awarded first I N MAY two members of the prize to the college Senior class, whose Presbyterian mission in Syenproduction had been a symphony chun, Korea, had it laid on their orchestra performance led by a white- hearts to start a mission down robed angel with a long, slender cross town. A building was rented on for a baton. Under her musical dirce- the opposite side of town from tion the threefold development of the churches, next door to a brothbody, mind and spirit was acted out, el. There is one room about ten one girl doing gymnasium work in by sixteen feet. Every night servuniform, one taking vigorous notes ices have been h.eld in this place. from a dictionary with her head tied As the room is too small for a gatherup with the form of desperation-band- ing, the singing and preaching is first age that a Japanese student uses to done outside as the crowd passes. indicate hard work, and one girl rep- After a season of this, some of the resenting the culture of the devotional workers invite any who are interested life by studying her Bible and some to sit down and hear further, or ask other religious book, while the prac- questions. Two of the missionaries tical spirit of the Student Government work here a good deal of the time and Association was embodied in a fourth the evangelists from the hospital and player, who carried out her symphonic a number of the local church officers. part with a broom and dustpan." The audiences vary from night to night, from a few stray passers-by Statue of Dr. Underwood to one hundred or more and many A BRONZE statue of the late Rev. thoroughly wicked men and women Horace Grant Underwood, D.D., have shown great interest.

LL.D., Presbyterian missionary in Korea for thirty-two years, has been Unusual Korean Audience I erected on the campus of Chosen NA Korean town where Rev. W. F. Bull, of the United Church of Christian College in Seoul, of which he was the founder and first president. Canada, was holding evangelistic meet- At the recent unveiling many tributes ings, the members of a traveling were paid to Dr. Underwood, who be- theatrical company arrived one day, gan his work in Korea in 1885, at pitched their tent and began very vig- twenty-five years of age. orous advertising for, a performance In addition to his evangelistic work, at night. Mr. Bull says: "The Chris- which he conducted with such zeal tians were all greatly distressed- that a Korean has said of him, "He fearing that our tent would be empty indeed lit many fires in cold rooms," and our meetings practically broken Dr. Underwood undertook successfully up by this unlooked-for competition.

the translation of the Scriptures. An At the time for our meeting to begin address made by a Korean at the un- their band was playing down in the veiling ceremony contained the follow- market place and ours was up on the ing sentence: "If the life of Living- hillside at our tent. The crowd of vil- stone is immortalized in a sacre:} lagers streamed up the hill and filled corner of the historic Abbey in Eng- our tent to overflowing, while the show land, we desire to perpetuate the fame people were able to induce only two

people to buy tickets and enter theirs. colony in Culion, Philippine Islands. Finally they called off their perform- In addition to paying a janitor and a ance and all of their troupe came up deaconess who has the special care of and joined the crowd at our meeting. a number of young boys, furnishing This resolved itself into a fine oppor- a simple coffin for each member who tunity of presenting the Gospel tq, a dies and procuring items of special group of hearers that are not often diet for the sick who need such when approachable." it is not supplied by the Government, they send a yearly gift to the Amer- ISLANDS OF THE SEA ican Bible Society which last year amounted to fifty pesos. They sent a Filipino Christian Literature similar gift to the American Mission for Lepers after they had heard of the A MOVEMENT is afoot to organize poor leper outcasts in other lands, and in the Philippines a Christian they were so interested in the letter Literature Society, of which some sent by the acting head of the Union missionaries say: "This is a much- Theological Seminary at Manila askneeded adjunct to the work of evan- ing each congregation to respond with gelical Christianity here. There should an offering to their endowment fund be a centralization of the efforts made that they sent twenty pesos for it, to provide the people with a literature each time regretting that they could which is a clear and adequate inter- not do more. It is also their custom pretation of the Christian faith and not to let a member of the colony leave life. It is planned to survey the field, without a few pesos in his or her finding out what are the existing agen- pocket and offering a special prayer cies for meeting the need of tracts that God will keep them and open the and other literature, the persons who way for them on the outside. are preparing literature, and how all these may be utilized for the advance NORTH AMERICA of the work throughout the Islands." Tours for Reconciliation The demand among the Filipinos for evangelical books is described by UNDER the direction of Rev. Clara member of the Scripture Gift Mis- ence V. Howell, of the Methodist sion, who writes of the Visayan edi- Episcopal Board of Home Missions, tion of a leaflet. "God Hath Spoken," who is convinced that one of the which has been published in over one troubles of our social order is the hundred languages: "Here in Tagbi- fact that different groups do not unlaran we have given out hundreds derstand each other, Methodist pasalready in the hospital dispensary. tors, students and others began in They are much in demand. The fact New York City in 1921 visits to radical that they were printed in London, headquarters, to Chinese communities and have such a strong title, seems to and institutions within the city, and to be in their favor. Most of our Visayan other racial and social groups. Since literature is printed in the Philip- then the idea has been extended to pines, and is much less attractive in include still other groups, so that colappearance. When my daughter goes lege professors, students, and visitors to visit the outside Sunday-schools, from all over the United States have she has to carry quantities of these shared in these trips, which have rewith her; for the Romanists ask for sulted not only in the acquisition of them, and will take nothing else." new ideas, but also in the develop- ment of attitudes of friendship and Generous Filipino Lepers good will between the groups involved. More recently, return visits have been NEW reports have come on a sub- arranged, so that Negro, Oriental, ject which has been mentioned radical groups and others may visit before in the REVIEW; namely, the the institutions which more distinctly generosity, in proportion to their means, of the members of the leper

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

represent the older American groups, Now Jesus has taken possession, and and have a chance to exchange ideas One Star is throwing himself just as with leaders in such institutions. The wholeheartedly into the work of the idea is now spreading to other cities, church as he once did against it, a to which trips have been made. humble learner at the feet of Jesus.

At his suggestion the Indians were in- Methodist Protestant Consolidation vited to a social gathering at the FOLLOWING the policy of consoli- church, to give them a chance to get dation which has been so notice- away from the dance in the camp. He able in various denominations in re- is out every Sunday, and on clear days cent years, the last General Conference he has brought his blind mother, now of the Methodist Protestant Church more than one hundred years old."

formed one Board of Missions com- Canadian Home Missions posed of the Union Board of Foreign Missionary Administration, the Board I N THE United Church of Canada of Home Missions and the Women's there are 1,571 fields on the home Home Missionary Society. The Board mission list, with 4,368 preaching will consist of twenty-one members, places in them. This constitutes about ten men, of whom six are ministers, fifty-six per cent of the preaching ten women, and the president of the points in the whole church. Since the General Conference ex-officio. Thus last General Council meeting in June, two thirds of the Board will be lay 1926, 375 fields have been taken off the list of the aid-receiving charges, members. The two executives will be having reached the status of self-supa corresponding secretary, a man, and port. Rearrangement of fields and an associate corresponding secretary, amalgamations of former competitive a woman. The General Conference home mission charges rendered poswas committed to the unification idea. sible by the union of the churches are Not only were the mission boards responsible for 65 charges reaching merged, but a new Board of Christian self-support during the past year Education was set up to care for the alone, while 32 additional charges work of the Board of Education and have by normal growth and the prosthe Board of Young People's Work. perity of the country also gone off the The two weekly papers, The Methodist Protestant, Baltimore, and The Meth- Home Mission Fund. Within the last odi3t Recordet', Pittsburgh, will be two years 285 new fields have been merged within the quadrennium. opened by the Home Mission Board with an average of between three and "One Star" Follows Jesus four preaching points in each, so that ANOTABLE conversion, that of a the United Church of Canada has oc- Crow Indian named One Star, is cupied new home mission territory in reported by a Baptist missionary in this period at more than 1,000 points Montana, who says: "He is a man past· in Canada. The Board of Home Mis- sixty years of age, a long-haired In sions expends more than $1,125,000 dian, uneducated, neither reading nor annually.

speaking English, yet a leader among his people. Heretofore he had been a Hindu Association in New York S leader toward evil rather than toward PORADIC instances of Moslem and Buddhist missionary effort in good. All these years he has been not merely indifferent to the work of the nominally Christian countries have kingdom, but an active opposer, mak- been reported from time to time. Now ing fun of the Jesus people, deriding Hinduism is seeking converts, for, ac- them for going to church, and even cording to The Alliance Weekty, there coming to the mission chapel with a has been founded in New York City a group of his own kind for the special Hindu religious association, the first purpose of disturbing the meetings. to be formed in the West, under the 5

name of The Hindu Dharma MandaI. Latin America in World Program The announcement reads: "This society shall be called Hindu Dharma THE International Missionary Coun- Mandal, the term 'Hindu' including, cil was reorganized at the Jerubeside orthodox Hindu, Buddhist, salem Conference so as to include Jain, Sikh, Brahma and any other work in Latin America. The omission forms of religion that originated from of this portion of the world field by Hinduism. The objects shall be to the Edinburgh Conference in 1910, further the religious interests and which organized the International cultivate the spiritual ideals of Hindu- Missionary Council, led to the formaism in the West, to bring the beliefs tion of the Committee on Cooperation and practices of Hinduism, in its in Latin America, to promote and broadest conception, before the unify the missionary interests in this Westem public, to encourage and pro- field. The new International Missionmote mutual contact and understand- ary Council of thirty-seven members ing on a spiritual basis, between India from all parts of the world will include and the West, and to meet, in par- three representatives of Latin Amerticular, the spiritual needs of the ica, Prof. Erasmus Braga of Brazil, Hindus residing in the West. The Prof. Andrew Osuna of Mexico, and means to be pursued for carrying out Dr. S. G. Inman, secretary of the Comthe aforesaid objects shall be religious mittee on Cooperation. Two notable services, rites, ceremonies, lectures, conferences have been held under the demonstrations, readings, conversa- auspices of this committee–those at ziones, and other practices of Hindu- Panama and at Montevideo. Another ism." will be held in Havana next year. Its activities also include union semi- LATIN AMERICA naries, union papers and bookstores, a unique union mission board for Reaching Mexican Soldiers Santo Domingo, the preparation of Christian literature, a religious edu- REV. J. T. MOLLOY, D.D., Presby- cation program, and a great campaign terian missionary at Merida, for the support of higher educational Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, holds institutions, known as "Educational permits from military and civil au- Advance in South America." thorities to hold meetings, or "conferences" as they are called, on Chilean Sunda.y Schoois temperance and ethical subjects, in any place where they have authority. Mrs. REV. GEORGE P. HOWARD,ofthe Molloy wrote recently: "At seven World's Sunday School Associao'clock this morning, he gave a con- tion, reports after a recent visit to ference in the headquarters of the Chile: "I found the work progressing military police, to a large audience. in a most encouraging way. I could He had previously discovered in not help comparing the work as I now Mexico, Oaxaca, and here, that soldiers found it with what it was in 1916, make good listeners, but was im- when I held the first meetings of Sunpressed anew with their interest. At day-school workers in that country. the close, officers and men said it had The Baptists, Presbyterians and Methbeen very helpful and instructive, and odists each have an expert giving his asked him to come again. He said he time and attention to religious educawould come once a month. 'No,' de- tion. The questions propounded and murred the officer in command, 'that the answers given to them in the inis not often enough. We will be glad stitutes I held in Santiago and to have you every week. That will be Valparaiso revealed how far our Protmuch better.' This opens a large door, estant churches have progressed along and we feel an effectual one, for Sunday-school lines in the last ten through these men their families also years. In those early days, the literwill be reached."

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ature available in Spanish was piti- being opened up into what will be fully scant. Today our workers' known as the Livingstone Gallery, library embraces 8. fine collection of an important section of the Scottish books. In Santiago a Sunday-school National Memorial to David Living- office and headquarters is maintained stone. The regularly-spaced bed re- and annual institutes are held in dif- cesses in the various rooms are being ferent parts with unfailing regu- retained and used to hold a series of larity." eight colored sculptured tableaux il- lustrating the character and work of Blind Brazil'l.n Bible Reader the great missionary explorer. One is called 'Truth,' where he is expound- T HE Evangelical Union of South ing the Gospel; another 'Faith,' in America, with the help of the which he encounters superstition and Braille Missionary Union, started a the witch doctor; 'CQurage,' shows school for the blind in Garanhuns, him unarmed facing hostile natives; Brazil, about nine months ago. The and in the one called 'Mercy,' he is in first student was Andre, who had conflict with the Arab slavers. These been a beggar, and who accepted the tableaux are being presented by var- Gospel as he learned to read. Rev. F. ious bodies with which Livingstone C. Glass says of him: "Weare now was closely associated. Five have alemploying him as a Scripture reader ready been promised, including one by in the big oPen market-place of this King Khama's people in Bechuanacity, and he draws great crowds of land." wondering folk who look and listen in amazement at that unheard-of-thing French Churches in Need -a blind man reading! As he reads through the Gospel of St. John many T HE Central Bureau for Relief of hear those precious words for the first the Evangelical Churches of time, who would never hear them Europe, an organization that has been otherwise. Now and again he rests approved and assisted by the Federal from his reading and gives a few' Council of Churches, and frequently simple words of personal testimony, referred to in the REVIEW, is still apafter which he holds up a gospel and pealing for financial help. Dr. Chaun- cries out: 'A book to open the eyes of cey W. Goodrich of the American the blind; one penny.' A great im- Church, Paris, writes: "Thirteen pression is being made in the market- years 'under the cross'! That sums up place and large numbers of gospels the long story of deprivation and bardare purchased and carried away into ship suffered by the pastors' families all the far surrounding villages." in France. Five years of war, eight years of penury, grinding taxes, star- EUROPE vation wages, constant sacrifice. For gallantry in the face of discourage- Scenes from Livingstone'. Life ment and privation every French,J;>as- tor deserves a D. S. C." Two emer- REFERENCE has been made more gencies have arisen where fundaare than once in the REVIEW, (the most urgently needed to. save from latest in April) to the proposed trans- collapse church buildings which were formation of David Livingstone's in poor condition before the war, and birthplace and the land surrounding repairs to which were postponed from it into a permanent memorial of him. year to year "till better times." Now Plans for the interior of the building actual ruin is imminent, a:r:J.d the betare thus described in The Chronicle, ter times have not yet come. Contripublished by the London Missionary butions to the work of the Bureau Society: "The first floor of the tene- may be sent to Rev. KennethD. Miller, ment at Blantyre, Lanarkshire, in 287 Fou:.:t;h Avenue, N'ElW York City. which David Livingstone was born is

Preaching to Jews in Paris tween Roman Catholicism and "tol- erated" religions. The following REV. E. MEYER spoke at the an- penalties are included in this proposed nual meeting in London of The law: Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel of his work among Jews in Paris, Those who violently disturb the relimany of whom have come from Po- gious services of the Roman Church are land. The French Jews, he said, are subject to a penalty of from six months almost completely indifferent to re- to six years' imprisonment with a fine ligious things, "but," he continued, from £60 to £200, whereas those who "there are some Jews coming, I am under similar conditions disturb a nonthankful to say, in spite of all the re- Roman Catholic service will be subject sistance, and all the efforts the enemy to imprisonment of from two months and makes to keep them from visiting our a day to six months. . . .Whoever makes meetings. There is also a certain ac- public ridicule of any religion that has tivity to be noticed among the rabbis adherents in Spain will be punished by to try to influence the Jews in a re- a fine of £40 to £200, and anyone conligious direction. They are building victed of making ridiculous the Roman synagogues even in quarters where religion will, in addition to the penalty, very few Jews are living. They have be adjudged prevented from undertaking opened five Talmud schools. They are any educational post paid by public arranging festivities on feast days, funds for a period of from ten to twenty especially oli the Feast of Purim; and years. they are even arranging for meetings for children at the same days and AFRICA hours when we have our children's classes, three times a week. By God's Mahdists Ask to He….. of Jesus grace some, though very few, are awakening to the truth. Some have A REPRESENTATIVE of the repented and accepted the Lord Jesus Church Missionary Society in the Christ as their Saviour." Sudan describes as follows the condi- tions in his field: "It is to be remem- "Tolerated" Religions in Spain bered that the Moslem inhabitants of the Northern Sudan did for thirteen REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, of years become followers of the Mahdi, the Committee on Cooperation in whose doctrine and teaching were con- Latin America, who, on his way home demned by orthodox Islam. One of the from the Jerusalem Conference, spent tenets of Mahdism is the e~pectation ten days in Madrid in conferences and of the coming of 'Nebi Yisa' (the lectures, under the auspices of the Prophet Jesus). Mahdism is still a Institute of International Studies of power among the bulk of the Sudanese. the University of Madrid and the They are willing to listen at any time Union Ibero-Americana, calls Spain to the teaching about Nebi Yisa. under Primo de Rivera "probably the Evangelistic effort on a small scale, most fanatical country in the world." by lantern lectures and evangelistic One illustration of this statement is meetings in compounds, always meets the imprisonment of Carmen Padin with a ready response. When the late because, as told in the June REVIEW, Canon Gairdner and Dr. Zwemer she stated in private that she believed visited the Sudan, they were invited that Mary had other children beside by the Sudanese notables themselves Jesus. Further light is thrown on to address them on the subject of Nebi conditions in Spain by an article in Yisa. There is no doubt that these Evangelical Christendom.., which shows thinking people connect the teaching how the changes in the penal code of the Mahdi about the Nebi Yise recommended by the Directory to the with the religion of the English people National -Assembly differentiate be- who are now administering the coun- try with such success. God seems to have used the very restrictions im- posed on Christian missions to increase the curiosity and enquiries of the people of Sudan."

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK '157

The Nile MUsion Press regard to the development of the AT THE annual meeting of this church, the Bishop writes: world-famous institution, the sec- The Church in Uganda has taken root retary, John L. Oliver, gave some in the life and in the souls of the people. striking facts about its work: The It is their own church, not a foreign Nile Mission Press now has nine general agencies, all of them in central exotic. And because it is their own positions, each representing a whole church they have supported it, defended country, such as Morocco, Tunisia, Iraq, and in addition there are twelve it, given themselves to its service, with local agencies for the sale of books. The separate pUblications of the Press a devotion and an enthusiasm which no have now reached 620. At the outbreak foreign organization, however efficient, of the World War, the Press had only 140 books on its list. By the end of however beneficent, could have evoked. the War, in spite of all the difficulties They have learnt to rely on themselves, to think out their own problems. Native leadership has been developed, native in- itiative encouraged. The Church in Uganda is in every way stronger and more reliable because the mission had the sense and the courage to hand over re- sponsibility at the right time.

regarding paper and so forth, the num- A Christian Blood Covenant ber was doubled. By June of 1926 the figure 570 was reached, and now it is T HIS striking illustration of the 620. The full message of the Gospel light thrown on Christian truth by was put into tbese publications. Last the interpretations of men of many year two dozen new publications in races is given by Henry C. McDowell, Arabic were produced, as well as five a representative in Angola, West in European languages for the purpose Africa, of the colored Congregational of clearing-that is to say, to serve churches in America: "In the course as manuals for translators into the of a conversation about the Holy Comvarious languages in Moslem Asia, munion with one of the charter memwhen the translators themselves do bers of the church, he said: not know Arabic. During the old days we made lots of the blood covenant. Very often a young man, while'in the initiation camps, would Growth of Church in Uganda covenant with another, or certain ones starting on their first journey would THE Uganda Mission of the Church Missionary Society celebrated last covenant with each other. They would year, it will be remembered, the jubilee of its founding in 1877. A recent take a little of each one's blood, mix the article in The Church Overseas de- two, and tie a cloth stained, with the mixed blood on the spot where the blood was drawn. Very often, after having been separated for a long time, they scribes present conditions in the Mis- would renew the covenant. On 'a long sion. The higher training of teachers journey the one must befriend the other, is felt to be a matter of first importance. The Bishop Tucker Memorial corne what might. If a wild animal at- tacks one, the other cannot leave him behind; if one dies, the other must die.

College has accommodation for eighty In the Holy Communion I renew my blood men, half of whom should be takIng normal training, and the tendency for covenant with Christ. I partake of His teachers to be content with a lower standard of training, such as can be blood, as of the blood of a friend. I obtained locally, is to be regretted. If the training of men teachers presents cannot leave Him after having drunk His blood, and I am crucified with Him in the sense that, having· taken the covenant, I must give my life for the same things that He gave His life for. I cannot leave Him and He cannot leave me.

difficulties, the problem of training women teachers is incomparably hard- Baptist Congo Jubilee D er. The Church in Uganda has 40,- URING the summer the English Baptist Missionary Society held 000 communicants, and the number of baptisms last year was 11,700. There a well-attended exhibition in London are sixty-nine African clergy. With to commemorate the fiftieth anniver-

sary of the founding of its Congo when it was expedient for them to be- Mission. The Christian (London) come Mohammedans. It is quite poscomments: "The pioneers pressed for- sible that the time may come when ward into the virgin forest among it will be expedient for them to behostile tribes, facing the danger of come Christians." It is rumored that wild beasts and enduring the ravages Kemal Pasha has said that he did not of disease-all in the confidence that care if everyone in Turkey became a they were fulfilling the divine will as Protestant. The Turks are said to be they sought to convey to the heathen drawing a distinction between "Chrispopulation of unknown Africa the tian" and "Protestant." Gospel of Christ's redemption. One after another of them fell victims to Changes in the Near East diseases, and passed away. But those who remained still pressed forward, AMONG the many newspaper rereinforced by kindred souls from the ports describing the Westernizing homeland. And their sacrifice, their of Turkey the most recent is the follabor, their witness, their death-these lowing: "New Turkey has decided to have not been in vain. To-day, there scrap all the old official titles left over are 893 stations, sub-stations and from the old regime beginning with places regularly visited; 11,739 the highest military title 'Pasha' which church members; 1,183 native work- henceforth will be 'General.' President ers; and 30,967 scholars under the in- Mustapha Kemal's name will thus be fluence and care o{the Society's repre- Westernized to General Ghazi Mustasentatives. To-day, there are hos- pha Kemal instead of the old form pitals, doctors and nurses, and to-day, Mustapha Kemal Pasha." A few days there is a fine literature available for earlier the Associated Press reported the natives in their own tongue." that, following Turkey's example in the emancipation of women, the Su- THE NEAR EAST preme Moslem Synod of Bosnia had decided to abolish the feminine veil, Religious Outlook in Turkey and said "At further sittings, the Synod will consider the movement in H OW can the Turks be won to favor of monogamy for both sexes Christ? A missionary of great in line with her sister Moslem states experience replies, "By the power of of Albania and Turkey." the Spirit and the frankly direct methods." The Turk has been a The city of Urumia has been remaster and his better nature is ap- named by that interesting person, the pealed to by the direct attitude. He present Shah, Mirza Reza Pahlevi, and has had much experience with indirec- will be known henceforth as Rezayeh. tion and subterfuge and is not appealed to by these. If there ever was Bible Lands Sunday-Schools a time when the Incarnation needed to be repeated, that is, lived in other MANY evidences are reported from lives, it is now. A Turkish-student churches and missions in Bible said to a missionary, "None of us are lands of an increasing appreciation happy, we have no ideal in life. How of the importance of Sunday-school did you go about it to get an ideal in work an<l a growing discontent with life 7" Such men constitute -a most inefficient and casual methods. Spehopeful field for Christian workers. cial attention was given by the Bible Lands' Sunday School Union to the A cabinet minister in Turkey' is re- preparation of their -exhibit for the ported on good authority to have said recent convention of the World's Sun- day School Association in Los Angeles. recently .to a member of a: leading This included photographs of schools; classes, departments, groups of older embassy: ."The Turks were originally sun-worshippers. Then came a time

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

students who are conducting pioneer bring that country in line with Wesvillage schools, work done by children tern ways. Significant was a message in the kindergarten and primary de- to the New York Times on June 15th, partments, daily vacation Bible to the effect that mosques are to be schools, voluntary Bible study groups, remodeled, seats put in, and music -and young people's societies. In addi- used in worship. What an undertaktion there was a map showing Iraq, ing it would be, however, to change Syria, Palestine, and Transjordania the habits of a people is evident from on which was marked every Sunday- the following quotation from a Turkschool in these countries. A special ish newspaper, Resimli: sign indicated registered Sundayschools, and anotber showed where There are 360 mosques in Constandaily vacation Bible schools have been tinople. During the whole season of held. Ramadan these mosques continue their activities uninterruptedly. The number Moslem. Converts in Syria in attendance at these 360 mosques dur- ing the feast days of Ramadan has been AMONG the many encouragements about 100,000. Constantinople has about 800,000 inhabitants, and an important ft that are coming to the members fraction of these are Christians and chil- dren, therefore attendance at mosque of the American Presbyterian Mission during Ramadan has been considerable. in Syria, Rev. James H. Nicol reports This fact shows us that the people have the following: "Three Moslems have not grown less religious, but on the conasked Mr. Alter why he is not more trary they have become more religious. active in teaching Christianity to The same has been true throughout our Moslems. One of the three question- country. With the exception of a few ers is now ready for baptism, a sec- radicals, it has been seen that people atond needs to have only a little more tend mosque regularly in all parts of instruction, and the third has said he Turkey. would become a Christian if the way were open. In ancient Tyre, a young Many Bibles Sold in Turkey Shiite Moslem was baptized, and has been joyfully testifying for Christ T HE American Bible Society anduring the year, bringing others to nounces that "a cheerful note perthe services. One of the Syrian vades the reports" from its two preachers in Sidon station was asked agencies in the Near East. The disto preach in Greek Orthodox churches, tribution of volumes of the Scripture and was besought by a group of one in the Levant and Arabic-Levant hundred Moslems to instruct them in Agencies during 1927 rose to a total 'spiritual things.' A Moslem convert of 224,501 volumes, over against the in Damascus has been able to remain 176,072 reported the previous year. and actually to take up the work of In Turkey, advertising in the news- Bible distribution in the market of papers continues to open doors. One his own city. On the other hand, a progressive newsdealer in A dan a Moslem family which became Chris- sought and took up the agency for tian in Damascus two or three years selling Bibles. When challenged by ago had to flee because of social perse- the gendarme he refused to be incution and are now members of .the timidated, and demanded to be brought church in Zahleh, where the father is before the commandant, to whom he carrying on his work as a cabinet exhibited the advertisements in the maker." Turkish papers. He was set free, with the remark, "I guess you're all right, Mosques in the New Turkey son. Sell all you like." Agencies for selling the Scriptures have been REPORTS have been coming from opened in five bookshops of Constan- Turkey in quick succession of the tinople, five in Smyrna, two in Angora, steps being taken by Kemal Pasha to and one each in Nazili and Ak-Hissar. The shop in Angora exhausted its sup- ply and has had a second stock.

Christ Influenees Arab Boys repeated dozens of times, with full ex- T HE boys in the high school con- planation and homely illustration. ducted at Basrah, Arabia, by mis- Once understood, he loves to repeat the sionaries of the Reformed Church in words and hear them repeated. America receive iIstruction in the Repetition may not be a virtue in the Bible every day. Rev. John Van Ess, American pulpit, but here in Arabiit'

D.D., writes: "That Christ is enter- it is not only a virtue but a necessity."

ing into their thoughts is evidenced particularly at the meetings of the INDIA AND SIAM Arabic literary society when His Caste in Present-Da.y India words are quoted and His example adduced in many a speech and essay." T HE influence of modern thought on the ancient caste system of Of one student recently baptized India is strikingly illustrated in two another missionary says: recent news items. First, The Indian Witness reports that in the presence His growth in knowledge and in grace of three hundred persons, described have been a delight to us all, and his as the elite of the Hindu residents courage and zeal in witnessing to his of Simla, the summer capital, a Moslem friends have been most admir- girl belonging to one of the depressed able. He was baptized in the presence classes was married in May to a highof about thirty people, most of whom caste Hindu by Vedic rites.' "That were schoolboys and present by the such a marriage could take place anyspecial invitation of Abdul Fadi himself. where in India under Hindu auspices, His parents, live in Baghdad and are solemnized by a Brahmin priest, withnaturally much displeased with the step out public opposition and with the imhe has taken. But he is radiantly happy plied approval of leaders of Hindu and a joy to us all. It is his ambition society, is," says the editor, "another and our hope that he may be trained as welcome evidence that India is beginan evangelist. We believe he is only the ning to forsake ancient social prejufirst one of a number of schoolboys who dices." are standing on the brink of decision: The very fact that his baptism caused A different side of the picture is not a ripple in the school, as far as stirring up opposition is concerned, leads us to the conviction that the leaven is working more effectively than we realize. We thank God and take courage.

seen in the story, told in The Church Evangelistic Work in Arabia Overseas, of the murder near Delhi REV. G. D. V AN PEURSEM, of the of Ramsarup, a Brahmin who annoyed Arabian Mission of the Reformed the orthodox Hindus of his village by Church in America, writes: "The attempting to raise the Chamars, and evangelist in our field seeks methods other members of the depressed by which the story of the Christ can classes, whom he allowed to wait on make its own indelible impression on him, fetch his water, and cut his vege- the mind. A true picture of Christ tables. When the Chamars complained will make a man think even if it does to him that their offerings had been not transform him. To this end spe- refused by the Brahmins at the vil- cial passages from the Gospel are lage temple, he advised them to build chosen, some which strike at the root their own temple and assisted them to of the man's need and the way of sal- do so. Legal proceedings followed, and vation. For myself I have found the later on Ramsarup was attacked by text 'Thou shalt call His name Jesus, eight other high-caste Hindus, who for He shall save His people from were subsequently sentenced to trans- their sins' most effective. Other mis- portation for life. Before this attack sionaries have other favorite passages, Ramsarup had had to separate from but all aim to represent Christ as his father and other relatives, who meeting the sinner's need. The il- had quarrelled with him owing to his literate Arab must have these passages behavior towards the Chamars.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

District Workers Confer have never read anywhere. We have REV. C. H. LOEHDLIN, district never found anything like them in superintendent of the Punjab our religious books.' So through this Mission of the Presbyterian Church, man's enthusiasm we sold two New (U. S. A.) writes from Moga of a Testaments and a number of gospels district missionaries' conference held in that village even though only a few in the spring, which was attended by people could read."

about twenty-five missionaries representing four missions working in the Lutheran Unity in India T Punjab. "Village registers; meltts HE Federation of L u the ran Churches in India, organized in Deand jalsas (Hindu and Moslem gatherings); the training of elders and cember, 1926, brings together for co- chandhris; how to meet the opposing operative purposes a dozen Lutheran movements of the Arya Samaj, the mission churches of all nationalities Roman Catholics, the Seventh Day with a strength of over 300,000 Indian Adventists, the Chuhras, and the Christians. The church of the -Goss- Ahmadiya Mohammedans; the de- ner Lutheran Missionary Society of velopment of the congregation; lay Germany now numbers 115,000, and evangelism; village economics; and the United Lutheran Church mission industrial training were the subjects 130,000. "The Federation," says Rev. presented for discussion, and all Isaac Cannaday, "has hopes of bringwho attended were cIJl)scious of the ing all these groups into a closer felstimulation and clarification that ac- lowship, and placing the future of company the sharing of common Lutheranism in India on a firm founproblems and experiences. As it was dation. The establishment of a colgenerally felt that such conferences lege and a theological seminary to would be profitable every two or three serve all these groups has been disyears, a continuation committee was cussed, but neither is in the very near appointed to set on foot plans for an- future. The United Lutheran Church other district conference, in which it college at Guntur will serve the foris hoped that district ladies, and mer purpose to a degree, but the sem- Indian assistants also will participate." inary project has been abandoned for the present. The monthly public:.ation Gospel Story Charms Brahmins of The Gospel Witness is the one prac- tical thing which these churches are REV. ROY T. MEEKER, who went doing in common. It is bringing the in 1918 to Fatehpur, in the North Lutherans in India to a better under- India Mission of the Presbyterian standing of each other's work, and Church (U. S. A.), writes of one vil- through the news supplied by the Na- lage where he talked for some time tional Lutheran Council News Bulle- with a group of high-caste men, and tin, to a knowledge of Lutheran one old Brahmin who seemed especially activities throughout the world."

interested bought a New Testament.

Mr. Meeker continues: "Two days Chinese Christian in Burma K later, approaching a village near this IU MA, a Chinese trader, lived for several years in a district .one, we were greeted by a Brahmin who said he wanted to see some more where his was the only Christian fam- of our books like the one he had seen ily. One day, however, he met a Ka- in the other village. 'For,' said he, ren Christian missionary, whom he 'my friend over in that village bought begged to stay and teach the people.

a book from you and that evening I He gave him hospitality, and finally called on him and we sat together settled him in a neighboring village reading about Jesus until one a. m. where there seemed a little more hope Such wonderful truths and stories we of response. For seven years the

Chinese trader and the Karen deacon work, silently permeating the whole worked together, planning, praying, population." encouraging one another in times when all their efforts seemed futile, Ahmadiya Missions in Ja.va but without much result. They were content to work and witness. "But T HE activity of this Moslem sect in within the past year," says the Eng- sending missionaries to both English paper, The Mission Field, "a great land and the United States has been change has taken place. A church reported in the REVIEW. Now Profesand school have arisen. A small Chris- sor A. J. Barnouw writes to the tian community is springing up. In Netherland-American Foundation that places the prejudice against Chris- he was introduced to an Ahmadiya tians is breaking down. Most of the representative by a Protestant misvillagers may never abandon their old sionary in Java. Be says: "My new ways, but there is great hope that acquaintance spoke fairly good Engtheir children and their children's lish, which made our conversation children will follow the way the trader easy and instructive. What had showed them by his brave, patient brought him to Java, I asked. His and consistent witness to the Chris- superiors at Lahore had sent him, he tian faith." said, to stem the swelling tide (this with an amiable smile at my com- Christian Colony to PI….t Rubber panion) of Christianity, Java being the only Mohammedan country in the ACHINESE Christian of the second world where the Christian mission generation-a graduate of two had achieved some success. He also American schools-has gone back to hoped to rescue the Javanese from the the Orient (in his case to the Malay hold theosophy had upon them. 'We Peninsula) determined that his busi- do not meddle with politics,' h~ ness career shall not interfere with said, 'we only bring a message his Christian service. Mrs. Charles of love and brotherhood and uni- E. Eckels of Sritamarat, Siam, writes versal freedom.' So he did not that this young man's father helped approve of the doctrine of the to found a Christian colony in the Holy War? He grew indignant at the Federated Malay States about twenty question and vigorously denied the years ago. The Government encour- existence of such a doctrine. That was aged the settlers to plant rubber trees a fiction of Christian missionaries. by giving them a few cents for each 'And what will be woman's position in tree planted. Ten or. fifteen acres of that new world set free by the Ahmaland were allotted each family. Re- diya?' 'Woman,' was the reply, 'must cent high prices of rubber have given remain subordinate for morality's each family a good income, and there sake, for her modesty is a more preis a very strong and prosperous Chris- cious thing than freedom.''' tian community, with ten lower schools, a church and a high school. CHINA AND TIBET This young man has now started a similar Christian settlement in Siam Demand for Religious Liberty near Singora. The Siam Government has given the group all the land they DR. JOHN H. REISNER, Dean of want to develop, and they are also Nanking University, writes: starting rubber plantations. "Most of "The Christian community in Nanking his people are young men from the has been very greatly influenced and first settlement, I think," writes Mrs. helped by the presence in Nanking Eckels. "It is very like the little during the past months of General leaven hidden in the meal. All over Chang Tsi-chiang, one of General this country Christian influence is at Feng's personal representatives to the Nanking government. He is a most

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

interesting character and it gives one necessity of holding together and maktremendous satisfaction to see him ing a continuous and consistent Chris- tian witness; and in certain cases the stand up so boldly for his Christian maintenance of church services in principles and the rights of religious spite of great difficulties. The fellow- ship maintained between missionaries liberty. It is reported that he has de- and Chinese at a time of international livered some very strong Christian strain has been a marked feature in speeches on various occasions before the case of some of the churches." the Military Council in Nanking." General Chang, who is a member of DR. New Ohinese Universities T. Z. KOO, general secretary the Central Government, and General of the Y. M. C. A. in China, and Niu Yung-chien, chairman of the widely known in the United States, Kiangsu Provincial Government, sub- writes of a recent visit he made to mitted to one of the government com- colleges and universities in North China. He tells in this report of two mittees an appeal for religious liberty, new universities in the process of forand a proclamation was later issued by mation in' that land: "In Moukden, the only student meetings held in the Executive Committee reaffirming schools were at the Tung Pei Unithis principle. The generals' docu- versity (government) and the Medical ment read in part: College (Christian). Tung Pei is a newly founded university and is the Since the .Communists began their only government institution of higher propaganda in China and made trouble learning in the Three Eastern Provfor the Chinese Government, birth has inces (Manchuria). My visit to this been given to slogans 'to overthrow cer- university reminded me of a visit tain religions and particularly Christi- made a little over a year ago to Yunanity. We know that Christianity is nanfu where I saw another university "protestant," a reformed religion, which in the process of development. These is entirely different from the Greek two new universities are situated at Church in Russia. This religion includes the opposite ends of China, one at the revolutionary ideas. Furthermore it puts extreme northeast and the other at particular strE!ss on the salvation of the the extreme southwest of our country. lower classes of people in the midst of This quiet permeation of the country sufferings. It has no real connection by education is one of the constructive with imperialism. The Communists are things happening in China which esnot unaware of these facts, but they are capes the attention of the casual obopposed to Christianity because the Chris- server. Yet, surely, the future of tian religion aims at reforming the inner China is in these institutions." life, which aim is entirely contradictory to their purpose–to destroy all existing Yale-in-China to Reopen moral values. THIS well-known institution in Vhinese Vhureh's Opportunity Changsha, more familiar per- haps under its Chinese name, DR. HENRY T. HODGKIN, secre- Yali, was closed, with the ex- tary of the National Christian ception of the hospital department, Council of China, has recently visited in the spring of 1927, during the Central China, and in a report letter revolutionary trouble in Hunan. Its buildings have been kept practically in which he discusses some of the dif- intact by the Chinese. It is now anficult problems which the Council is nounced that it is to be reopened this facing he also says: "There are more people than ever eager to buy our literature and to hear our message. I believe we are at the begining of a day of new opportunity in Central China. . . . . One of the most helpful signs is the development of a deeper fellowship with the Christian group. This is evidenced by cases where questions requiring discipline have been discussed with a freedom that was previously impossible; by a senSe of the

fall. Kenneth Anthony (Yale 1928) convention of the Association, more left on July 7th for Changsha, where than 6,000 delegates being present.

he will be associated with Francis S. The plan of reorganization proposed Hutchins, son of the President of at the Glasgow convention in 1924 Berea College, Kentucky, who is al- was adopted, and the Association will ready in China and will head up the function in future as a federation of work. These two young men will be the Sunday-school associations of the the only Americans to guide the entire various nations, instead of one cen- Chinese staff at Yali. Mr. Anthony is a trally directed organization. The member of Phi Beta Kappa, was vice- international character of the Associa- president of Dwight Hall (the Yale tion was emphasized in the fact that Y. M. C. A.) and president of the In- fifteen nations are represented among tercollegiate Missionary Union. the twelve newly-elected vice presi- dents and on the Executive Commit- "Pilgrim'. Progress" in Tibetan tee. Dr. W. A. Poole of London, retir- THIS autumn, when the tercente- ing President of the Association, re- nary of the birth of John Bunyan echoed the sentiments expressed by will be widely celebrated, the Religious other speakers and sounded the key- Tract Society of Great Britain is to note of the convention when he publish a Tibetan translation of Bun- declared: yan's masterpiece, which has already If we are really sincere when we pray been translated into many more lan- "Thy kingdom come" we must teach the childhood of the world that friendships guages than any other book in the are better national protection than battleworld except the Bible. The transla- ships, that ballots are more effective tion is the work of Rev. Evan Mac- than bullets, and that law is more final kenzie, who gave thirty-three years than war.

of service to the Tibetan Pioneer Mis- The Church and the Calendar sion, and who is now living in Scotland. The volume will be illustrated T HE movement to simplify the calwith pictures drawn by an artist with endar, stabilizing Easter and other Indian experience, and, therefore, church days and equalizing the calculated to make appeal to the Ori- months, has been making substantial ental mind. Mr. Mackenzie has been headway. On September 30, 1927, the greatly encouraged in his task by re- League of Nations informed the Govceiving an order for two hundred ernment of the United States that it copies of the book, from his old sta- had invited all the governments of the tion, the Church of Scotland Mission world to give its committee "all inat Kalimpong. The Christian (Lon- formation of value" bearing on the simplified calendar proposal, and par- don) states that Mr. Mackenzie can ticularly requested that a national preach in four Oriental languages, and committee be formed "to study this has spent much time in the work of reform." Such a committee has now Bible translation and revision. been formed, with Mr. George East- GENERAL man as chairman. The proposed simplified calendar World's S. S. Convention consists of a thirteen-month year, ONE of the striking features of the each month having twenty-eight days, quadrennial convention of the each day of the week always falling World's Sunday School Associa- on the same date. A new month tion, held in Los Angeles, Calif., "Sol" would follow June; the 365th July 11th to 18th, was the repe- day would be December 29th, to be tition of the Lord's Prayer in called "Year-Day." "Leap-Day" would more than thirty different lan- come once in four years on June 29th.

guages. The attendance was very Easter would fall every year on April much larger than at any preceding 8th.

WOIUH

Any books menti07led in these colum718 will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REvIEw.

Attitudes Toward Other Faiths. Daniel J. moral conduct which are inculcated by Fleming. 166 pp. $1.75. New York. Confucianism; the disinterested pur- 1928. suit of truth and of human welfare which are often found in those who This is a timely work on an im- stand for secular civilization." Dr. portant topic. The various peoples and Fleming's book, which almost synchroreligions of the world are daily com- nises with the above-mentioned state- ment, is marked by the same spirit of ing into closer contact with one an- discriminative appreciation, and will certainly be very helpful to many. It other. The question is as to the right deals with seven realms of contact: the possibility and limits of comattitude, the Christlike attitude, to- mon worship; the use of other sacred Scriptures; interconfessional ward other religions and their ad- courtesies and hospitality; material contributions between religionists, enherents. This is a question that riching another faith; interreligious cooperation in counsel, and interrelicannot be avoided. The problem is gious cooperation in service.

beset with perils. On the one hand Dr. Fleming from his years of mis- sionary service in India is acquainted there is the danger of an undiscrimi- with Hinduism. The sound criticism which he makes against that great nating liberality, which overlooks system is that "its synthetic spirit and comprehensive charity has been vital differences, and the danger, on indiscriminating," and he adds: "The lesson I gain from Hinduism is that the other, of a hidebound narrowness, it would be better for Christianity to shun all influence of other systems which is unable to see evidences of rather than exercise a weak or senti- mental or undiscriminating hospitality the working of the Spirit of God, to other faiths, however genuinely held." when they ought to be seen and The supreme asset of Christianity acknowledged with thanksgiving. The and the supreme need of the world is Jesus Christ; and so those who can statement in the Christian Message most helpfully and safely fraternize with the adherents of other religions which has gone forth to the world are those who are filled with the Spirit of Christ and mature Christian experifrom the Jerusalem Meeting contains ence. Dr. Fleming in his last chapter on some fundamental positions reaches the following splendid utterance on a very high level of insight and aspira- tion. Sadhu Sundar Singh was asked the appreciation of the aspects of truth in other religions :-"We wel- come every noble quality in non-Chris- tian persons or systems as further proof that the Father, who sent His Son into the world, has nowhere left Himself without witness. . We recognize as part of the one Truth that sense of the majesty of God, and the consequent reverence in worship which are conspicious in Islam; the deep sympathy for the world's sor- row and unselfish search for the way of escape, which are at the heart of Buddhism, the desire for contact with Ultimate Reality conceived as spirit- ual which is prominent in Hinduism; the belief in a moral order of the uni- verse and consequent insistence on '165

by the pundits of Benares what great written by a young Chinese and al- truth or profound philosophy he had ways ringing true to a patriotic found in Christianity that made him devotion to his native country, he leave his old religion. His answer nevertheless is more free from cap- was, "I found Jesus Christ." Dr. tious criticism than an American Fleming after quoting this adds, "We author usually displays toward lands do earnestly desire to share with our that have opposed or wronged the brethren everywhere that knowledge United States. He introduces certain incidents not generally known here, of Him and of His Spirit which we that make China's bitterness toward believe to be God's unspeakable gift." Occidental Governments, and Japan In like manner the invitation that has especially, seem more natural and exgone forth from the Jerusalem Meet- cusable. From his chapter on "Chiing is that "the followers of non- nese Nationalism" we get an apologia Christian religions join with us in the for that spirit, though he does not study of Jesus Christ."-H. D. GRIS- argue for the position of Nationalism as a party. In a single quotation from WOLD.

China and World Peace. Studies in Chi- Karakhan it is easy to see why Russia had so strong a hold upon Chinese nese International Relations. By students in the early period of her Mingchien Joshua Bau, Ph.D. Pp. 194. influence over China. "The New New York. $2. 1928.

The author was invited to partici- British Policy in China" does not seem pate in the sessions of the Institute of as strong or clear as he might have Pacific Relations at Honolulu in 1927. made Chapter IV. "Tariff Autonomy"

As a result he reviews the China situ- is discussed with a greater reference ation and says: "The purpose of this to authorities than any other topic; work is to review the main factors in though his chapter on "Extraterri- the area of Chinese international pol- toriality" is almost as well buttressed itics since the Washington Conference, by documents. On the whole it is a to treat of the leading issues involved good book of reference of the briefer in the situation, and to point out a sort, and gives us a hint as to what a way for the readjustment of China's Chinese Professor of Political Science foreign relations, with a view to is teaching his students in the Peking hastening China's entrance into the National University.

family of nations as a full equal, H. P. BEACH.

averting any unnecessary conflict of Camp Fires in the Congo. Mrs. John M. Springer. Illus. 12 mo. 128 pp. Camideas, policies and forces, thereby in a bride, Mass. 1928. small way promoting world peace….. This work, as its nature and purpose Juniors will enjoy this picture of require, deals only with the external or international problems of the Wash- Central Africa and its peoples, for the ington Conference. It does not at all volume is the product of over half cover internal or domestic problems" a century of missionary experience in though he grants that the latter "are Rhodesia and the Belgian Congo. Mrs.

by far the more vital and important." Springer describes many native char- While this volume does not show acteristics and customs, life in the anything like the thoroughness seen huts and the kraals, thrilling experi- in Dr. Bau's "Foreign Relations of ences with wild beasts, native palavers China," yet he writes far more con- and the African reception of the mis- cisely and without the laborious docu- sionary, and the Gospel. Mrs. Springer mentation of that volume. His "loves the trail" in spite of privations authorities are given in part at the and hardships, dirt and degradation, close of each chapter and in the sixty- because she loves the Lord whose mes- six pages of "Related International senger she is. The book is worth Documents" at the close. Though reading-not only for juniors but for

BOOKS WORTH READING

adults. Here we learn why African manifestly European types. The bedboys come to the mission school; how time stories of old Emi may well pass they drive away tig-ers; what Africans for actual chapters from the dark eat and how they play; native customs days of earlier Papuan history. At in connection with funerals and wed- some points the diologue is unduly dings; how fetishes are made and expanded and cumbered with detail, used; how rubber is cultivated and but there is an intimation that this is marketed; African diseases and how a native characteristic. they are combated. We also become acquainted with great missionaries, The story is interesting throughlearn how they carryon the work and out and the reader closes the book see some of the astounding results. with an unusual sense of acquaintance Each chapter is well illustrated and with this promising field of effort and suggests attractive ways of using the with these simple-hearted and menmaterial with junior boys and girls. tally alert people of the South Seas. The book makes Africa live. The missionary objective is by no means obscured and the closing chap- Way Back in Papua. J. H. Holmes. 320 ter contains a powerful appeal for more sympathetic interest in the phys- pp. lOs. 6d. London. 1927. ical and material well-being of these backward races as well as in their This is a new type of book on mis- spiritual development. It is a narrasions and among the most striking tive that is calculated to impress those' since Dan Crawford's "Thinking who question the practical value of Black." Instead of the usual geo- missionary effort. It will also interest graphical, ethnological and historical and awaken young people. treatise we have a fascinating story of Papuan life; a story of many dra- HUGH R. MONRO. matic situations and stirring episodes. Three generations file across the Sir James Ewing. A biography. Robert scene: first, the head-hunting canni- E. Speer. 307 pp. $2.75. New York. bals of a half-century ago; then the 1928. transition period wherein this remarkable brown people are opening their The late Sir James Ewing, more eyes to the inventions and ideas of familiarly known as Dr. J. C. R. Ewthe white man; finally the native ing, who was for forty-three years a Christian community, to which they missionary in India, had close conapply the good scriptural term "Eka- tacts with many classes and types of lesia." The twelve or more leading people. As professor in the Theologicharacters of the story are native and cal Seminary, Saharanpur, he taught British, heathen and Christian; and many Indian ministers. For thirty the portrayal shows such intimate years, as President of the Forman knowledge of native habits and cus- Christian College, Lahore, he knew toms and is worked by such literary personally a multitude of students. skill, that the reader becomes all but a For six or seven years he was Vicelistener to the table-talk in successive Chancellor of the Punjab University, Papuan cabins and is a witness to the and was recognized as a great missionstruggle between primitive stone-age ary educator, classed with Dr. Miller customs and the new ways of the of Madras and Dr. MacKichan of Bomwhite civilization. bay. As Moderator in 1915 of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian One rather suspects that some of Church in India he was honored as a the characters in this story are more churchman. His services to the Govthan creations of the author's literary ernment of India were sO conspicuous fancy; Betsiana, Omora and Ani that he received distinction after disobviously belong to the native pic- tinction, culminating in that of honorture, while Ronolo, the Bisopa (mis- ary knighthood. At retirement from sionary) and Daketa (Doctor) are as missionary service in 1922 he received

what he regarded as his crowning China and Japan; the Brahmans of honor, being elected President of the India; and the Moslems of Turkey, Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- Persia and Egypt, are a mine of valu- sions of the Presbyterian Church, able information. But perhaps our U. S.A. chief interest will be in the chapters The fascinating story of this "rug- dealing with its use in the Christian ged and virile personality" has been Church. Here we read of the varieset forth by Dr. Speer with literary ties of rosary used in the different skill and with real sympathy and insight. It is a great biography of a Eastern Communions and of the eargreat man. What finer service could America have rendered to India than liest Christian practice of the rosary the gift of such a man as James Ewing,'who for over forty years loved at Rome and in England. and served the people of India, and because he loved them and knew their The book closes with a chapter on need, preached Christ as able to meet all their need? The reading of this "The Psychology of the Rosary," in notable biography ought to clarify the missionary motive and reveal the which the author, s.tarting from a simple grandeur of such a life as that of Dr. Ewing.· His name will long premise that the rosary is the symbol remain as a "household word" in many an Indian home, Christian and non- of personal religion throughout the Christian. civilized world, gives many pages on his estimate of its real worth as an aid to devotion, and finally why it does not appeal to those who hold the evan- gelical view of prayer. It is a book worth reading by those interested in the rosary as a work of art, and much more so by those who still are asking, "Lord, teach us to pray." J. C.

The Forman Christian College, La- Speaking with Other Tongues, Sign or Gift! Whicht T. J. McCrossan. 53 hore, is the educational monument to pp. 35 cents. New York. 1927.

Dr. Ewing. Its foundations were laid The author opens with the state- ment that: "Today hundreds of God's by Dr. Forman and Rev. W. H. C. saints really speak with other tongues when baptized or filled with the Holy Velte, but Dr. Ewing was the first Ghost, just as the hundred and twenty Galilreans spake on the day of Pentepresident of the institution, from 1888 cost." He proceeds to give incidents of people speaking in Chinese, Norto 1918. His true monument, how- wegian and French and is sure that ever, "more lasting than brass" is the contribution he made, through ex- ample and word, to the creation in In- dia of Christian manhood and woman- hood. H. D. GRISWOLD.

The Rosary. A Study in the Prayer Life the people who spake in these tongues of Nations. Cornelius Howard Patton. had no knowledge of the language in 160 pp. New York. Illustrated, which the man or woman spake. $1.50. 1927. The next step is a consideration of One interested in the sources of re- the question, "Will all who are filled ligion and who recognizes that we are with the Holy Spirit speak with other living in a praying world, will value tongues?" The author holds that it this little book. It shows how, in does not necessarily follow. Next he many widely separated countries and proceeds to examine every passage in throughout many centuries, the "ro- the New Testament where this manisary" has been a help in man's com- festation of the Spirit's presence is munion with God. mentioned and concludes that the Bible We are taken back to the monu- does not teach that speaking with ments of Nineveh and to the Zoroas- other tongues will necessarily follow trians of Persia to show the antiquity of the rosary. Chapters on its origin the baptism with the Holy Spirit and and use among the Buddhists of Tibet, that there may be a counterfeit of the real gift. M. T. SHELFORD.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1928

BIBLICAL SEMINARY IN NEW

Interdenominational WILBERT W. WHITE, President T~d~~~:-~~~e~:e~~:~~;~~g.~~~(~~~f:~I~ ~:;tee~~~idyTO~echoii!"t;:1~1:C1~i~ ~h~~:t~~i~~Y,t~~;c~ofo;!:~ and philosophical modes of approach, under the professors of the subjects indicated.

Tile De~rtment 01 ReUglous Educa.tlon.. A ('ourse for Bible teachers in colleges, directors of religious edUL'atlDn. reHgjous work secretaries, and other Chri.stian Jeaders.

The Departlllen.t of . . . .10… A course with the missionary candidate's needs especially provided for, in Bible study and subjeets essential In missionary preparation.

The Departlllent .f Soela1 SerYlce. A course for workers in settlemf"nts. community service and other branches of social service.

De.rees. By the authority of the Board of Re~enh of the LJniversity of the State of New York, the degrees of S.T.B., S.T.M , S.T.D.• B.R.E.. M.ILK. and n.R.E. may be ('onferred upon Rtudents who ~atisfactorily complete the prescrihed course. ThE' Bihlkal Seminary al:olo cu·operates with the School of Education of New York University in offering courses leading to the degrees of M.A. and Ph.D. Send lor the N.w Catolo, THE BIBLICAL SEMINARY IN NEW YORK Publishers THE BIBLICAL REVIEW 235 East 49th Street, New York A MISSIONARY MEETING 'Twas once upon a time they met to talk of mission work- The Indian, the Arabian, the habits of the Turk. Mr. Fearful and Miss Cautious, Mr. Stingy and Miss Slow, All waited anxiously to hear what everyone should know.

The president walked to the chair; for order gave a rap: "Our business first is foreign work; so study well this map.

Far off in darkest heathen lands some money must be given; This was our Saviour's last command before He went to heaven."

Miss Cautious spoke: "We can't afford to help across the sea; Those people are too far away. It always seems to me That here on our own continent are needs much greater there. I move that foreign work be dropped; and then I'll give my share."

This motion seconded at once, the foreign work was lost, Because the needs were great at home; they had to count the cost. But now another voice was heard, the speaker was Miss Slow: "Domestic work may be all right; but I for one say 'No!'

"I move that we go slowly; our church we must repair: For charity begins at home, so why send money there? So I sUl!'gest we henceforth drop all missions from our work. We canYt afford to labor for the Indian or for Turk."

The motion seconded at once, all mission work was lost, Because the church must be repaired, and they must count the cost, Then Mr. Stingy rose, and said: "My friends, I cannot see Why you are ever trying to get more money out of me.

"You know my family is large; my money I much need; I have so many clothes to buy, so many mouths to feed. I move that all this church expense be left for richer people; These are the ones to run the church ana·~uard from steps to steeple."

The motion seconded at once, the debts were left to others, For well they knew the church roll gave the names of richer brothers, Then carne a voice, a feeble one, which said: "I can't afford To help my family along; 1 leave them with the Lord.

"I earn enough to keep myself, and hope some corning year To have enough laid up in bank to read my title clear." Then all the members said: "You're right. We owe ourselves a debt." So each one closed his pocketbook. They've not been opened yet.

But this was many years ago, full fifty years or more. We in a n~w creation live; such meetings we deplore. How grieved we feel that long ago the people did not know That giving brings rich blessings, and we reap just as we sow.

-Adapted from Mrs. Peter Stryker.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to adverUrera. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor AUGUST TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FRONTISPIECE-THE MOST NORTHERN MISSION STATION IN THE WORLD PROTESTANTISM IN LATIN LANDS ………….. KENNETH D. MILLER 613 LINKING THE TWO AMERICAS ……………… CHARLES A. THOMSON 619 CROOKED NECK CHARLIE …•………………•…. HARRIET R. KING 624 GLIMPSES OF MODERN GREECE ……..•..•….•..• CHARLES T. RIGGS 625 ROMANCE AND REALITY IN ALASKA ……….•… A. J. MONTGOMERY 629 WOMAN'S RIGHTS IN TURKEY •…………….. A TURKISH EDITORIAL 636 CANADA AS A MISSION FIELD …•…•…•..•…….. COLIN G. YOUNG 637 HOME MISSIONS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN CANADA …. • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . . . • . . • . . • . . . . . . . •W. A. CAMERON 642 AMERICA'S GREATEST CONTRIBUTION TO EGYPT … WAHBY BOULUS 644 EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANITY IN ITALy ..••.. ALBERT G. MACKINNON 645 AN APOSTLE OF CHRIST IN NEW BRITAIN ……….. J. H. MARGETTS 648 THE VITALITY OF MORMONISM. _. ___ . __ …… _…. " . WM. M. PADEN 650 CHINESE CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE STOOD ….. __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 656 BEST METHODS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE ………. _.. MRS. C. K. LIPPARD 657 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ……. -……………… . . . . . . . • . • . • . . • . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 663 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ………………………… . • . . . . . . • • . • • . • . • . • • . . . • . . • • . . • . . . . . . . EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 667 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ……………………………………… 670 BOOKS WORTH READING •.••..••.•…….•……••………….••… 686 TERMS: $2.150 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 150 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CoMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vlae·Pre8ide,., DELAVAN L. PIEItSON, Secretary WALTIlR McDOUGALL, Treasurer Publication Office, 3d & Reily St•., Harrisbnrg, Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Buslne•• Office, 156 Fl!th Avenue, New York City Entered aB second-class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act or March 3, 1879. PERSONALS Eight years ago these two Councils DR. JOHN R. MOTT has resigned as started to place interdenominational Re- General Secretary of the National Coun- ligious Work Directors in the Governcil of the Young Men's Christian Association to devote his whole time to the ment Schools for Indians. There are at work of the International Missionary present six Directors serving eight Council, of which he is Chairman. His resignation becomes effective in October. schools to promote Bible instruction, constructive social relationships, and Dr. Matt will continue as President of student activities. the World's Alliance of the Young Men's Christian Associations. In his new Miss Brickman is eminently qualified capacity he will develop the plans outlined at the recent meeting of the Coun- for her new work, having been Student cil at Jerusalem. Secretary at Michigan State Normal Col- In October, Dr. Mott will start on a lege and for over ten years Girl Reserve world tour, after which he will make his headquarters in New York and Geneva. Secretary in the Young Women's Chris- tian Association, Detroit, Michigan, and office executive with the National Board in New York, and General Secretary in Riga, Latvia.

T. H. P. SAIL"ER," PH* .D., author, re- (lOMING EVENTS cently Educational Adviser to the Board Victorious Life Conferences, Keswick of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Grove, N. J., Aug. 4-12, 18-26, and Aug. Church in the U _ S. A., and Associate 31-Sept. 3. in Education at Columbia University, has joined the staff of the Missionary National Con v e n t ion, Evangelical Education Movement. He has given up League, Evangelical Synod, Milwaukee, his work at Columbia in order to devote Wis., Aug. 7-12. his entire time to experimental work in religious and missionary education. National Association of Workers Among Colored People, Winston-Salem, *** N. C., Aug. 14-19.

REV. DR. AND MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER, International Christian Press Conferof the Methodist Episcopal Church, re- ence, Cologne, Germany, Aug. 16-22. turned in June to their field in the Belgian Congo, thus making their fifth World Youth Peace Congress, Eerde, Holland, Aug. 17-26. .. .." voyage to Africa. MRS. W. T. HOBART, of the American World Alliance for International Methodist Episcopal Mission, Tianfu, a Friendship Through the Churches, station about thirty miles south of Tsian- Prague, Czecho-Slovakia, Aug. 24-30. fu, China, was killed on April 29th by a bullet fired into her bedroom, and ap- Human Relations in Industry Conferparently aimed at the missionary by one ence, Silver Bay, New York, Aug. 29of the southern soldiers. Mrs. Hobart Sept. 2. was born in Flushing, L. I., and went to China forty-six years ago where she Universal Christian Conference on rendered distinguished service with her Life and Work, Prague, Czecho-Slovakia, husband who is still on the field. Aug. 31-Sept. 5.

REV. YONETARO *MA*TSUI has been National Baptist Convention, Louis- ville, Ky., Sept. 4-10. elected Bishop of Tokyo, to succeed the late Bishop Motoda. Preliminary Meeting for Universal Religious Peace Conference, Geneva, *** Switzerland, Sept. 12-14.

DUGALD CAMPBELL, African traveler Biennial National Convention, Evanand author, has undertaken a two-year gelical Brotherhood, Evangelical Synod, expedition for the National Bible So- Indianapolis, Ind., Sept. 16-19. ciety of Scotland, to sell Scriptures, mainly Arabic and French, throughout Convention, Women's Missionary Sothe Sahara. He is to begin his tour at ciety, United Lutheran Church, Johns- Senegal and end in the Anglo-Egyptian town, Pa., Sept. 22-27. Sudan. Convention of the United Lutheran "*" Church, Erie, Pa., Oct. 9-.

MISS HELEN M. BRICKMAN has ac- General Convention of the Protestant cepted the position of Director of Reli- Episcopal Church, Washington, D. C., gious Work for Indian Schools, serving Oct. 10-. in executive capacity under the Home Missions Council and Council of Women American Board of Commissioners for for Home Missions beginning September Foreign Missions (Congregational), An- 1st. Her headquarters will be the office nual Meeting, Bridgeport, Conn., Oct. 16of the Council of Women for Home Mis- 18. sions, 105 East 22d Street, New York International Goodwill Congress, New City. York, N. Y., Nov. 11-13.

National In t err a cia I Conference, Washington, D. C., Nov. 18-2l.

Federal Council of the Churches, Quadrennial Meeting, Rochester, N. Y., Dec. 5-12.

Fourth Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, Washington, D. C., Jan. 14·18, 1929.

Hospital Manse Church Schoolhou••

THE SKYLINE AT POINT BARROW-SEEN BY WILKINS ON HIS FLIGHT TO SPITZBERGEN i A WINTER VIEW Oli' A SU:lDIER RESORT! AN IGLOO A']' POIN']' BARROW, ALASKA A SUlIllllER HOME IN A WINTRY LAND- ·POINT BARROW THE MOST NORTHERN MISSION STATION IN THE WORLD

LI, No.8 August

PROTESTANTISM IN LATIN LANDS BY KENNETH D. MILLER, New York American Repre8entative at the Burea" tar the Reliet of the Evangelical ahurcheB of Europe C AN Protestantism make any thought and liberty of conscience headway in the Latin coun- thrive only among the practically tries?· Is the Protestant ap- minded folk of northern climes?

proach to Christianity adapted Or is the division between Prot- only to the Teutonic mind? estant and Catholic nations to be A casual glance at a map of explained purely on the ground Europe showing the religious af- of accidental historical causes?

filiations of the population would Are the racial characteristics of lead one to believe that Protestant- the Latins the causes of their re- ism is a type of religion which ligious affiliations? Or are they grips the Nordic peoples but leaves rather an effect?

the Latins cold. Protestantism is Such questions cannot be an- found to be dominant in the north- swered without an examination of ern countries only-Great Britain, the present extent and influence of Scandinavia, Holland and Switzer- Protestantism in the Latin coun- land. France, Belgium, Spain, tries. For Protestantism has a Portugal and Italy are almost sol- foothold in each of the Latin coun- idly Roman Catholic. In Germany, tries. It makes its influence felt Ireland and Switzerland the north- despite its numerical inferiority, ern section is predominantly Prot- and in some of the Latin countries estant, the southern is Roman the Protestant churches exercise Catholic. a very potent influence.

Here is a field for the investi- Such is the case in the French gations of a scientist anxious to cantons of Switzerland where the discover the influence of geography 500,000 Protestants form two and climate upon human behavior. thirds of the French population Is the Latin race, as such, so con- and one fifth of the total Protes- stituted that it cannot be led to tant population of the country.

adopt the Protestant modes of This is the only country where thought? Is there some connec- Protestants form a majority of a tion between emotional tempera- Latin population. Also it is the ment and ritual and external only instance where the Protes- authority? Does independence of tant group forms a compact unit 613

so that it is in a position to ex- to such a condition, the Church ercise a direct influence upon the must carryon an aggressive mislife about it. The strength of sionary work. It must make of Protestantism in French Switzer- every church a center of evangelland is traceable directly to Cal- ism, and it must organize a home vin and to the important role missionary work to reach those played by Geneva in the Reforma- sections where no organized church tion. The religious freedom ac- is located. corded by S wit z e r I and for centuries has given the seed of the There is plenty of field for such Reformation ample opportunity to activity without giving any justigrow and develop into a sturdy fication to the charge of proselyttree. ing. Even Catholic statisticians do not place the number of prac- The Fight in France ticing Catholics at more than one fourth of the population. The In France these conditions are French evangelical churches are not present. The Protestants there aggressively missionary. Such orform a minority of one million in ganizations as La Societe Centrale a population of forty million, and Evangelique, La Cause and La of the million Protestants one Mission Populaire Evangelique are third are German-speaking Luth- rendering heroic service to bring erans of Alsace. Furthermore, the the Gospel to the masses which are Protestants of France are widely now out of touch with any and all scattered. Of the ninety depart- churches. In addition, the French ments of France, there are only churches are recognizing their rethirty where there is any appre- sponsibility for the spiritual welciable Protestant popUlation. In fare of the 2,845,000 immigrants two governments there is not a from central and eastern Europe single Protestant church. The old who have flocked into the indushistoric Huguenot congregations in trial centers during the war. The the south of France are breaking Paris Missionary Society is the up with the migration of their agency of the French churches for young people to the urban centers. the conduct of missionary work in. The Protestant minority is scat- seven fields in South Africa, tered all over France and is becom- Madagascar and the French coloing more scattered every day. To nial possessions, and its work combe sure, more than 80,000 Protes- pares favorably with that of any tants have been gathered into the foreign missionary agency in the churches which have been built in world. Paris, but thousands of others were lost to the Church when they French Protestants are the spirleft their peasant homes. itual heirs of the Huguenots. They are ever conscious that it is their Under such conditions, the Prot- duty to maintain liberty of conestant Church is faced with a fight science against oppressive authorfor its very existence. It must ity. They feel that the massacre of three thousand Protestants at minh;ter to a diasl)ora, and keel) Toulouse, and the exploits of Ad- miral Coligny and the Prince of in touch with those Protestants Conde, did as much for French who have moved into a Catholic freedom as Washington did for the or irreligious environment. To offset the inevitable losses incident

PROTESTANTISM IN LATIN LANDS

liberties of America. The seventy more grimly persevering in their thousand martyrs who fell after religious views. They number over St. Bartholomew's day are as dear 40,000 souls, over half the total to them as are the Scottish martyrs Protestant population of Italy, and or the men who died at Bunker are to be found not only in their Hill to their countrymen. With ancient stronghold in the Walden- a revival of interest in the Catho- sian valleys, but all over Italy. In lic Church on the part of many their missionary work in the towns and a continuing indifference to all and cities of Italy, the Churches religions on the part of the masses, of the Valley are aided by friends the Protestant Church feels that from abroad, of which the Walden- it has a real mission in France. sian Aid Society of the United It is called upon to witness and States is the most generous. Free contend for liberty of conscience speech, free press, free worship, and freedom from state control of spiritual independence and the religious organizations. And it is open Bible, are values which Italy also clearly called to spend itself and Christendom can ill afford to in the effort to bring the now un- lose in these days of reaction and churched millions under the sway dictatorships. This historic Prot- of Christ. That this can be done estant Church is rendering a great without bitter controversy, the service to the entire Italian people.

French Protestants are demon- Interest in Belgium strating. They distinguish between persecution and opposition at the In the other Latin countries, polls, between intolerance and hon- Protestantism represents not so est disagreement. An observance much an indigenous, historic body, of these distinctions by the author- but the result of the missionary ities of Rome would do much to and evangelistic work of Protes- relieve the tension of the religious tants of other lands. Protestant- situation in France. ism in Belgium was almost wholly In Papal Italy destroyed by the Duke of Alva, when 40,000 Protestants died as Although Italy harbors the Su- martyrs and 500,000 were exiled.

preme Pontiff within her borders, In such a manner was the "unity and is thought of as an essentially of faith" secured in Belgium and Roman Catholic country, Protes- maintained until early in the nine- tantism wields an influence in the teenth century. With the restora- intellectual and spiritual life of tion of religious liberty under the people entirely disproportion- Joseph II, pastors from Holland ate to the numbers in its member- and Germany entered the land to ship. The Waldensians constituted restore the Protestant faith. In the earliest Protestant movement. the hundred years which have in- This small, compact group ante- tervened the numerical progress dates the Reformation. Perse- has not been astounding, the total cuted, hunted down and restricted number of Protestants in Belgium throughout their history, they being but 35,000 at the present have been scattered, butchered and time. But the influence of even almost destroyed time and again, this small group is remarkable, only to reorganize and appear considering the intolerance of the more numerous than ever and past. In 1923 a great demonstra-

was held in Brussels commemo- can ideals in other than strictly rating the martyrdom of two Luth- religious fields, allied with a hos- eran monks who had been burned tile Anglo-Teutonic culture having at the stake four hundred years commercial and political objec- before. The procession of 3,000 tives and innately repellent to peo- Protestants led by 75 of their min- ples of Mediterranean stock. It is isters made a great impression up- said that Protestantism has been on the populace, which promises definitely rejected in Spain itself much for the future, for in Bel- and therefore it is alien, hostile, gium as in other Catholic Latin dangerous and impotent through- countries there are evidences of out the Latin world. It is clear that a deepening interest in religion something must be done to estab- and a revolt against narrow and lish definitely the fact that the intolerant clericalism. Protestant Reformation has a mes- In Isolated Spain sage to Spain as valid as that to Germany and England, a Spanish Spain, isolated as it is geograph- message, from Spaniards and di- ically and culturally from the rest rected to Spanish Catholics. As of Europe, 'and with the terrible Protestants we do not admit that background of the Inquisition, was the Reformation was a strictly the last European country to tole- German rebellion against German rate Protestant teaching. It was abuses in the German Catholic not until the middle of the nine- Church. Such is not the fact.

teenth century that the beginnings Spain had its Luthers in the 16th of Protestant work were made century, good Catholics who sought there. In 1876 religious toleration, to bring their beloved Church out but not religious liberty was of the slough into which it had granted. Religious liberty does fallen. The watchword of the Re- not exist in Spain even to-day. formers, "Back to the Bible," led Evangelical work in Spain has to a new examination of the orig- been carried on since that time by inal sources and the improvement various foreign missionary agen- of translations, and in Spain the cies in Germany, Holland, Great first Polyglot of the Bible was pub- Britain and America, which have lished. The Bible was translated established schools and churches into Spanish ninety years before throughout the land, and are grad- Luther's German Bible and one ually winning their way with the hundred years before the English people despite medireval intoler- version of Tyndale appeared. At ance and oppression. its beginning, the Reformation was The religious situation in Spain warmly welcomed in Spain by has assumed new importance in clergy and laity alike. Several recent years owing to the ascend- bishops, many friars, nuns, prom- ency of Spanish influence in Latin inent writers and scholars, aristo- America and the immediate bear- crats and common people accepted ing upon the evangelical work the Reformation. Spain produced there of the religious situation in one of the great Reformers, Juan Spain. The attempt is being made de Valdez, for a time one of the in Latin America to brand Prot- teachers of Calvin. According to estantism as alien to the Latin history he gathered around him soul, opposed to Hispanic-Ameri- more than three thousand prom-

inent men and women, bishops, gained little foothold in Portugal, friars and priests, representing the total number of Protestants the most noble and illustrious fam- not exceeding 5,000. Recent ob- ilies of Spain. In short, the Ref- servers report a great field open ormation did take root in Spain for the Protestant Church along and found congenial soil there un- the lines of religious education and til uprooted and cast out by the practical philanthropy which have Inquisition. been neglected by the Catholic It is the task of present-day Church.

Protestants to make these facts Protestantism in Latin America clear to the Spanish people. Even is almost entirely traced to mis- within the Roman Catholic Church, sionary effort on the part of for- there are not lacking evidences of eign agencies, mostly American.

a trend in this direction. Dr. Tor- With the Roman Catholic Church rubiano, who has insistently advo- decadent and impotent as nowhere cated a new Reformation within else in the world, there is no ques- the Catholic Church, and who is tion of the need for the influence essentially evangelical in spirit and of evangelical Christianity in these point of view, has gathered about countries. The Congress on Chris- himself a large following. He is tian Work in South America held constantly insisting upon a more in Montevideo in 1925 revealed an liberal interpretation of religion Evangelical Church that has come and a more definite application of to have a recognized place in the Christianity to practical problems. life of the continent. In recent To take advantage of such fav- years it has grown encouragingly orable trends, the forces of Prot- and in consciousness of its mission.

estantism must be united, active But it.is now plain that the prog- and progressive. Fortunately the ress of the Gospel in Latin Ameri- various bodies have now united to ca is wrapped up with its progress form an International Spanish in other Latin countries, partic- Evangelization Committee and this ularly in Spain.

committee plans to organize a Un- General Observations ion Theological College for the training of workers and in order Even such a cursory survey of to strengthen its educational and the situation must reveal the fact evangelistic program at every pos- that the influence of Protestantism sible point. For the time being, in the Latin world is not nearly the work in Spain will be depend- so negligible as is popularly sup- ent in a large measure upon sup- posed. At least it is working as port from abroad, but if vigorously a leaven. Two general observa- prosecuted now it should develop tions may be made concerning the great strength and occupy a strong general religious situation in the position not only in Spain itself Latin world. The first is that the but in the entire Latin world. dominant religion, Roman Cathol- In Portugal and Latin America icism, is far different in its op- eration and its influence than in Aside from the excellent work North America. If the influence carried on by the British and For- of the small Protestant groups can eign Bible Society for the last bring about a reformation of the forty years, Protestantism has Catholic Church in the Latin world

It will be a magnificent achieve- order to let its precious fruit ripen ment, for it is difficult to conceive in the sunshine. It needs the strong of the Kingdom of God being fur- trees of the Reformation churches thered by the type of religion that in order to live and work." And is now being offered by the dom- the Reformation churches will inant church. continue to be strong and sturdy trees in the garden of the Lord In the second place, the Church not by dwelling upon Protestanthas been cast aside by such mul- ism so much as by centering their titudes of Latin peoples that there attention upon the Kingdom of God and His righteousness. is a wide open field for the Protestant Church to minister to people There are no racial characterin tragic need of spiritual food. istics which render the acceptance of Protestantism by the Latins im- But the future of Protestantism possible. The Protestant interprein the Latin world is dependent tation of the Gospel and the upon the so-called Protestant coun- Protestant idea of the Christian tries. As one observer puts it way of life have gained too much ground in Latin countries to jus- "Protestantism in Latin countries tify any such assumption. is not a strong and sturdy tree. It rather resembles the vine which winds itself from tree to tree in CHRIST THE SIN-BEARER " H E BARE OUR SINS"-l Peter 3: 21. No interpretation is fair that does not admit a load: "The Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.'' The fifty-third chapter of Isaiah, whence these words are drawn, suggests the elements in this vicarious burden bearing: 1. Human in appreciation–despised and rejected of men. 2. Constant contact and close acquaintance with grief. 3. Actual personal bearing of grief and sorrows. 4. Chastisement due to human sin and guilt. 5. Outrage and insult borne even when judicially tried. 6. Identity with transgressors in accusation and doom. 7. Final pouring out of His soul unto death on the cross.

In the second chapter of Philippians we find infinite humiliation ascribed to Him-the depth of which can be realized only by understanding the height from which He descended. This can be illustrated, perhaps by that Alpine lake which in depth is equal to the height of the mountain that rises beside it. He, the Prince of Life, actually came under the power of death.

Incident to His humiliation was His identification with the sins and sorrows of the race. He was daily and hourly in contact with them. This can be measured only by knowing the agony of infinite sensibility to the slightest approach of evil-a sensibility undulled and unblunted by any sinfulness within.

The Omniscient One saw the awful wreck and ruin of the moral condition of both the individual and society. To Him there were no veils or disguises. He pierced to the core of being, and knew what was in man. He saw the hollow and shallow shams of formality and hypocrisy, the dead men's bones in the whited sepulchres, and the enormity and deformity of human sin and satanic malice. He bore this sin for us.

ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

'rIlE CONGREGATION AT THE CHURCH OF THE DIVINE SAVIOliR. LOS

LINKING THE TWO AMERICAS BY REV. CHARLES A. THOMSON, San Francisco, California T HAT narrow strand, which along with us and we with them? the maps label "The Isthmus What will the future say? of Panama," looks inherently Robert N. McLean in his recent inadequate to tie together the two book "That Mexican"* provides us great land masses to the north and with the answer to our questions.

south. Yet it does the job in spite The volume is indeed welcome, for of its insignificance. The unimpos- it comes at a time when renewed ing figure of the Mexican laborer, interest in Mexican questions, and resting on his shovel as we pass, the possible restriction of Mexican may not loom large before our eyes immigration have turned the spot- or our mind. But for better or for light of our interest southward worse, he is linking the two Ameri- once more. For the past dozen cas. years the author has superintended He comes from the "other the Mexican work in the Southwest America," south of the Rio Grande. of the Presbyterian Church (U. S. In his veins flows the blood of both A.) Indian and Spaniard, the two races While abundant literature has that have peopled Latin America. been available on Mexico and her He is a toiler, a man of the people, many-faceted problems, little has and so essentially a more repre- been written on the Mexican in the sentative ambassador than the United States. Jay S. Stowell and high-hatted diplomat. In Mexico Vernon M. McCombs have made he began his life, but he is living valuable contributions in this lat- it in the United States. Can we ter field, but to it their books were see through him our neighbor to largely limited. It is the unique the south more clearly? Perhaps; value of the present volume that but to do so we need first to under- it sets the stage with both back- stand the Mexican here. ground and actor. The Mexico What kind of a person is he? which has fashioned our immigrant How has he been made and is painted with vivid colors. But moulded? What gifts does he bring the actor and his movements on to us? What problems? How many the American scene are not forof his family now dwell in the United States? How will they get in; ·;Ih¥t~~':1~X~~:;;~a!~.be~i2~· UcLean. Fiero· 619

gGtten-;–we see Juan Garcia as he functiGn. But increasingly it must stand Gn its Gwn feet. As Dr. Mc- ,;:earns his bread and establishes his Lean says: home on American SGil; we watch "Just now the things which are most popular in Mexico are Mexican institu- him meet Mr. J Gnes and are led tions, Mexican ways, and Mexican cus- toms. There is a revolt against every- to. ponder hGW the acquaintance thing foreign; and Mexicans are protest- ing against foreign religions, whether will result – in understanding they be directed from Rome or from Fifth Avenue in New York." friendship or in entrenched aver- This new nationalism has elec- sion. trified every phase Gf the natiGnal life. It has fGund its missiGn in The land system Gf Mexico, ac- the uplift of the common man Gf Mexico. To. safeguard his health, cGrding to. Dr. McLean, has played determined attacks Gn tuberculosis and diphtheria are in prGgress. a basic role in the making of Gur The Department Gf Health claims during the year 1926 to have vac- Mexican. cinated against small-pox three million people, or Gne fifth Gf the "The system introduced by the con- populatiGn. querors immediately divided society into two classes, ten per cent composing the "The brightest spot in the Mexi- autocratic, governing group, ninety per co Gf tGday is its educational ac- cent the slaves bound to the soil. To this tivity," said Pro f e s s 0 r John iniquitous organization, Juan Garcia Dewey, after a recent visit. Not owes all his ills, social, economic, spir- unnatural is his enthusiasm, for itual. Juan Garcia is ignorant, because the principles of educatiGn which learning was ~hought to be unnecessary he has preached are now being for one who labored only with his hands. practiced throughout Mexico. In Little better than a beast of burden, he the 3,500 rural schGols established lived in hovels, and became the prey of during the last fGur years, the ill-health, immorality, high infant mor- project method is in full swing. tality and all the evils which follow poor For the first time in history the housing. He lost the initiative of a free schGol is becoming common in man, because the system removed the Mexico. And anyone who. would chances of success; and his masters, sense some of the thrill Gf it all, through the constant habit of command- can well read the stGry Gf our ing, lost the spirit of cooperation and of author's trip to Tlascala. group action. Mexico's problem is economic, not political; and two of its Let it not be assumed that the important phases are ignorance and worker himself has had no share arrogance." in the winning of these new GP- portunities. Through the Grgan- Passing over the interesting ref- ized labor mGvement, the "C. R. O. M.," which numbers frGm a million erence to the religious struggle in to. a milliGn and a half members, he has fGrcefully demanded his Mexico., we note Gnly that one re- chance at the better life. His repre- sentatives nGW sit high in the sult nas been the removal of large councils of the government. He numbers Gf ecclesiastics from Mex- ico to. the United States; and the parochiai schools of the Southwest have prGfited.

"In Amarillo, Texas, a recent survey disclosed the fact that in the public school in the Mexican quarter, there were enrolled twenty-three children, while in a four-room bungalow a few blocks away, one hundred and fifty were crowded, re- ceiving instruction from the sisters of the Church. The principal was an American woman, and she was assisted by three Mexican nuns. The nuns must be put to work, and they are busy teaching in Spanish the children of the Mexicans."

The cause of Protestantism in Mexico. goes forward. Its ministers have registered and are allGwed to

LINKING THE TWO AMERICAS

is not being hoisted from above, point our author, after twelve he is helping to lift himself. Through his struggles, wages are years resident study of the probhigher and hours shorter. Says Dr. McLean: "The people have lem, speaks thus: more money, they dress better, have more to eat, enjoy more rec- "A personal knowledge of hundreds of reations and amusements, while Mexican cases convinces one that these everywhere is the insatiable hun- people do not in large numbers.return to ger for education." Mexico; and of those who do return most are soon convinced of the superior Crossing the Line opportunities for labor in the United States, and within six months or a year Such is the newer Mexico. The are again found moving north. Said one condition of the worker has ma- who was questioned if he was ever going terially improved. But still he feels back: 'Mexico is indeed my "patria." I love her; but my children want to stay here, and I shall remain with them.'

"It will take a generation for Mexico to set her economic hous~ in order, and by that time, the roots of the Mexican colonies in this country will be deep in THE NEW BUILDING OF 'l'Hm CHRIS'l'IAN cmNTER AT SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA and often finds that "over the our social and economic soil. We might, border" may be something better, therefore, just as well content ourselves and so he crosses the line. We with the conviction that what was once follow his journey to and through part of Mexico is now part of America." the immigration station. He meets the sharper and the labor agent Dr. McLean believes that a miland finally finds a place on track lion and half is a conservative figor ranch. ure for the total number' of Mexicans or people of Mexican A warm dispute is now in prog- parentage now living in the United ress concerning the number of States. Mexicans resident in the United States. Employers of labor who A Chamber of Commerce spokesare dependent on the Mexican and man recently discovered that "The anxious to allay any fear about a Mexican is inherently a nomad, possible problem, proclaim that little prone to rooting himself." eighty per cent of the immigrants Dr. McLean points out that our return to their homeland. On this American economic system has considerable to do in making Juan a gypsy. He is wanted only for a

seasonal job-on the railroads, in ifornia, the cotton of Texas, the the beets, among the oranges and beets of Colorado, the copper mines cotton, for many another crop- of Arizona, and the railroads which and when the season is over, his bind all together, unitedly plead job ends. Then he must travel, if their dependence on the Mexican he is to find more work. And so the school of necessity, and it is laborer. an American school at that, teaches Now for the other side. "Those him to roam. favoring restriction argue," says The cost of it all is clearly the author, "that industry wants sketched. When a laborer is forced the Mexicans numerous and hunto spend one third of his time look- gry-numerous so that the wage ing for work, only a fool would scale may be kept at a minimum expect him to boast of a bank-book. and hungry so that Juan Garcia If he must live on wheels, a settled will not bicker about the condihome is impossible. The school, tions under which he is to work." the settlement, the church he drives Restriction will benefit the Mexipast, but may not enter in. "Ob- can resident here, as it has already viously," writes the author, "if in- improved the lot of the European terested in the post-war idea of immigrant. 'Americanization,' our system of casual labor is the very worst that Limitation would also be in accould be designed to accomplish cordance with the best interests such a result." of American life, it is stated. The Mexican, coming from a more The restriction of Mexican im- primitive social status, brings with migration is now being hotly de- him standards of housing and bated. Shall we limit it as we have health and burdens of ignorance already done with the movement and superstition, which make him a from Europe? "What about the retarded and problem group in any quota ?" is a question h ear d American community. The present throughout the Southwest and to large stream of this immigration which the author devotes a chap- spreads the difficulty without perter. The Box Bill, introduced into mitting an adequate attack upon it. the last two sessions of Congress, A restrictive policy would afford would cut down Mexican entries such an opportunity. to approximately 1,500 a year; in contrast to this, let it be remem- The author attempts to point bered that during the last five years toward a solution which recognizes almost sixty thousand Mexicans both sides of the question. H~ have crossed the border annually. states: The employers of the Mexican are unitedly against any restric- "It is indeed true that to cut down tion. "The South has had the Ne- Mexican immigration at one fell swoop gro," they say, "the North and from 66,000 to 1,557 would deal a body East the European immigrant, and blow to industry and transportation . . . we must have the Mexican. With- Suddenly to close the door to this labor out him no future areas can be re- supply would be disastrous; but some claimed for irrigation and our plan must certainly be worked out wherepresent acres will go back to the by industry can be conserved without desert." The seasonal crops of Cal- incurring the social perils which un- limited immigration involves."

Obviously any social policy should be founded on all the facts available. He accordingly calls for a commission, appointed by Can-

gress, with adequate powers and can never take the place of mansupport, to make a full study of the to-man understanding and helpfulmigratory labor problem as it con- ness. The ultimately Christian cerns the Mexican. Upon the basis approach is that of the American of the information discovered, a who greeted eight Mexicans work- "gentlemen's agreement" could be ing upon the street-car tracks with worked out with Mexico for a wise the cheering salutation, "Good limiting of the immigration flow. morning, gentlemen!" One, more learned than the rest, explained While these suggestions are open the meaning of the word "gentleto various questions as to the po- men" ; and when the American litical character of the commission returned from his walk, his mentioned, and the exact form of salutation was returned with the a Mexican-American agreement, grace and the courtesy of one genthey do signalize a constructive at- tleman who recognizes another. tempt to attack the problem fairly and intelligently. This book treats not so much the missionary program for our im- Such an approach should cer- migrant as the environing factors tainly make for better friendship which condition it and him, too. on and across the border. The It does, however, make patent a author's final plea is that Mr. Jones fact sometimes pigeon-holed-that take the trouble to know Mr. Gar- foreign and home missions are but cia. Churches, settlements and phases of the same enterprise. schools can do their work, but they AMONG THE MEXICANS IN THE SOUTHWEST T HE Spanish-speaking population of Mexican extraction in the United States is estimated at 1,750,000. This population is con- centrated chiefly in five southwest states: Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and California. However, since the passage of the present immigration law, placing all European immigration on a quota basis, the tendency of the Mexicans to move into the middlewest and eastern states, wherever there is a demand for unskilled labor, has been greatly accelerated for the Mexican is not subjected to a quota restriction.

There is the large number of Spanish-speaking people who have lived for several generations north of the Rio Grande, chiefly in New Mexico and southern Colorado. These native-born Spanish-Americans constitute a third of the total. There are also the recent immigrants from Mexico who began to come in large numbers after 1900, and increased greatly during the war; now, under the new immigration policy, the tide is at its flood.

Mexicans, as a rule, make very satisfactory workmen and the most important industries of the Southwest are to a high degree dependent upon them. Given reasonable opportunity they make good citizens. Taken as a class, however, their presence in such large and increasing numbers raises many serious questions in respect to health, education and economic well-being. Illiteracy, superstition, disease and the evils attendant upon a generally low standard of living are problems everywhere present.

Religiously, this population presents a challenging opportunity. Nominally Roman Catholic, a large proportion of them are religiously adrift and are not served effectively by any church.

NECK

By HARRIET R. KING 'UNTIL last spring, Crooked given and they would make re- Neck Charlie had lived a newed efforts to draw Charlie back wild, heathen life. He en- under the fetters of peyote.

tered into many of the Kiowa vices, With decision he answered, "No, and above all, he was a strong de- I am trusting the God of Heaven." votee of the Kiowa god peyote. He Then in the presence of those attended the peyote feasts, ate the strong peyote leaders he knelt peyote bean with the accompany- down and asked Christ to help him ing results of "visions," and all cure his little girl of the disease, sorts of sensations. The inevitable and to make him strong to resist bad effects on mind and body and temptation. The next day, still soul followed this terrible habit. trusting implicitly in his Heavenly He was held in captivity by the Father, he took little Kathryn to drug peyote as strongly as though the Indian hospital where she was held by iron chains. given every care. As a result of this trust and faith, combined with Then, one day, when he was out an earnest effort to give her the in his field alone ploughing, the best medical attention, Kathryn is still, small voice of God spoke to now running about with other chil- Crooked Neck Charlie. Charlie sur- dren, happy and growing stronger rendered to Christ his whole life all the time. Her favorite song is and everything he possessed. The "Since Jesus came into my heart," transformation which has taken and Charlie invariably asks for place in him is one of the miracles this one when he chooses a song. of this day at Rainy Mountain His face always softens with emo- C,hurch. His face and appearance tion as he thinks of the miracle and his whole life are transformed. that was wrought in his life through Jesus' coming into his Charlie is constantly going out heart. after others, hUngering for the opportunity to lead them into this Several times since then, the new life. Recently his small peyote leaders have asked to have daughter, Kathryn, was taken se- a peyote feast at Charlie's home, riously ill. The peyote leaders came, demanding that Charlie let them but Charlie will have nothing to do give her the drug which, according with it. If there are any who do to their words, would surely cure not believe in modern miracles, her. Charlie would also be required their faith will be strengthened to eat of this when the feast was by Charlie's experience.

"The great missionary crusade must be carried on with unfaltering courage, and fought to a finish. The churches will play their part as in the old days, and suffer no poverty, or care, or private grief to divert them from the accomplishment of the sacred task to which they are called, and their devotion to which is their paramount duty and their highest privilege."-H. Arnold Thomas.

624

OF MODERN

BY REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, Constantinople, Turkey I N THE short period since 1903, so-called armistice period, when to Greece has radically changed. the excited Greek mind all her am- It was then a limited mon- bitions of a "Megali Hellas," or archy, and had been for over sev- Greater Greece, seemed about to enty years, since the election of burst into fruition. But that burst Otho of Bavaria as its King in was a bubble, not a blossom; and 1832. It is now a republic, with the disillusionment brought sad a regularly elected President and consequences on the country. The a Parliament, and is contemplating ancient Byzantine Empire was not the establishing of a Senate as an to be revived. Constantine was upper House of Legislature. But never to be crowned as Emperor this change in the form of govern- in Saint Sophia.

ment is perhaps the least important One result of the Balkan War of the recent changes. was the tardy recognition of the There is a greater independence loyalty and true nationalism of the than a quarter-century ago of the Evangelical Greek community. For Orthodox Church of Greece from many years there had been a small the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Evangelical church in Athens, and The Holy Synod of Greece, under one each in Piraeus and Volo; but the leadership of the Metropolitan they had been persecuted as un- Bishop of Athens, acts for itself, patriotic renegades; whereas in especially since the reduction of the work of the Red Cross and the Ecumenical Patriarchate under kindred welfare enterprises they the Turkish RepUblic to a position showed such zeal and faithfulness of no special importance. In na- that the country gained a new idea tional ecclesiastical affairs, Greece of Evangelical Christianity. Since steers her own course. then the whole attitude of the peo- Furthermore, as results of the pIe toward the Evangelicals has Balkan wars and the World War, been very different. No longer are Greece has grown territorially by the chapels stoned and the members the addition of large sections of persecuted and derided.

Macedonia, Western Thrace, and There has also been a great the islands of Crete, Samos, Mity- change as to circulation of the lene, Chios, Lemnos, and smaller Scriptures. While it is true that islands. Most of the population a clause has been put in the Greek thus acquired was already Greek Constitution forbidding the circu- in language and culture, and the lation of any translation of the Old increase of area was therefore an or New Testament, even into mod- actual gain in strength. But each ern Greek, yet this is not enforced, war brought disappointment as and the more liberal cabinets have well, as the full ambitions of actually aided in such circulation.

Greece were not realized. Especial- More and more of the clergy are ly was this true of the disastrous reading the Bible in their own Asia Minor campaign during the spoken language; and the sales of 625 2

the Bible Societies show a gratify- time importance. Such growth in ing increase in the past ten years twenty-five years is unprecedented over any previous similar period. in the East; but it seems to be permanent. These poor refugees But the outstanding fact in the have dug in, and most of them are past ten years has been the deluge now self-supporting and have real of refugee immigration, due to roofs over their heads, covered at events across the Aegean. This least with tar paper. culminated in the wake of the aWful Smyrna disaster of September, Among the Asia Minor refugees 1922; and within a few weeks in Greece are about fifty thousand Greece found herself compelled to Armenians, the majority of them receive and care for more than a in and near Athens; they are rapmillion unfortunates, most of them idly becoming Greek citizens, for Greeks from Asia Minor. By wag- most of those who preferred (and on and on foot from eastern were able) to migrate to Armenia Thrace, by steamer and sailing have already done so. The revessel from all parts of Anatolia, mainder of the more than one milthey crowded in on all parts of lion are Greeks. And this new Greece, usu.ally utterly destitute, blood is doing wonders already for and hopeless and heartless after this ancient nation. They have what they had been through. Many brought a new vigor and energy, of them spoke only Turkish, though and new trades and business abilof Greek blood and Christian faith. ity, to a country that was in danger Many were utterly unsuited to of fatty degeneration of the heart. their new environment. The Government has publicly rec- ognized the debt that it owes these Naturally these refugees congre- immigrants, and it has done much gated around the great cities. The to help them get established and growth of Athens and its environs started. Those capable of agriculhas been phenomenal. In 1833, ture have been placed in villages when Dr. Elias Riggs arrived at on the best farming lands in Macethe new capital of the recently lib- donia, where the tobacco crops has erated kingdom, it had less than wonderfully increased in value as 5,000 inhabitants; and its port, a consequence. Rug manufactur- Piraeus, had but a few hundred. ers from the regions of Smyrna There were then only two carts and Oushak have brought this reor wagons to be hired in the city; munerative industry across, and and, being unable to secure these, made Greece an actual competitor the new missionary had to find with Turkey for the rug trade. horses and camels to convey his goods up the seven miles from With the refugees from Asia Piraeus to Athens. Seventy years Minor, there came over into Greece later, in 1903, the capital had a number of the American Board grown to a city of 160,000 souls, missionaries, to help their friends while Piraeus numbered about 60,- make the new start along evan- 000. Today, with the bewildering gelistic and educational lines. They influx of refugees of the past six were first of all relief workers, in years, these combined cities have those days, working heroically over a million inhabitants. The night and day to secure tents and city has gone ahead of Constan- bread for these unfortunates, and tinople, both in size and in mari- to start industries among them.

GLIMPSES OF MODERN GREECE

The Greek Government recognized refugees the church work that has the need of this service, and ex- been organized has thus far been pressed its gratefulness for it. under the temporary oversight of Larger tents were procured for American missionaries, since the church and school, Bibles, hymn- people have not been able to take books, textbooks, benches, and over full responsibility. But an other primary necessities were arrangement has been recently found; and thus for a second time made with the Armenian Evan- the missionaries were thrust into gelical churches of America where- Greece for active work without a by this field is to be progressively deliberate choice on their part. turned over to them as their par- The first time had been during the ticular missionary enterprise. The Balkan wars, when Greece cap- missionary work will consist of tured the mission station of Salo- schools and whatever efforts nat- nica and incorporated it in her urally emanate from these as kingdom, thus bringing into the Christian centers. Medical work country several missionaries who among the refugees has been ef- had never dreamed of serving in fectively carried on under the Greece. American Women's Hospitals, Two full-fledged stations of the with whom a few missionaries American Board were thus estab- have been cooperating. This work lished by strange fate in Greek ter- is temporary and will eventually ritory, without any plan on the be turned over to native agencies.

part of the Board. The greatest Very hopeful spiritual move- need for foreign aid was seen in ments are springing up recently the educational line; and in this within the Greek Orthodox Church.

the Americans were eagerly wel- Two distinct organizations are comed by the Greek Government. starting Sunday-schools in that And while fear of politi~l propa- church; these have much to learn, ganda has made Greece very un- and may have hard sledding before willing to give permISSIOn to they are really established, but Italian or French or other foreign they are beginning. There is more schools to open in Greece, a special preaching today in the Orthodox law was passed allowing schools churches than ever before, and of that had been operating in Turkey better quality. The writer re- for a certain length of time to cently attended a preaching serv- establish themselves in Greece. ice in the large Metropolitan Ca- This has opened the way for the thedral in Athens, on a very chilly American College at Salonica, the Sunday during the Carnival, when American Junior College for Girls eight hundred or more people sat at Athens, and the School of Reli- or stood through a fifty-five minute gion at Athens. sermon by an able priest, intent to For many years the Greek Evan- get his message despite the fact gelical Synod has been in charge of that there was no way to heat the the evangelistic work among building.

Greeks; and it has been deemed There is also more sale for spir- best to throw upon this organiza- itual literature than ever before.

tion the responsibility also for One comparatively new religious such effort among the refugee pop- weekly has now 42,000 subscribers, ulation. Among the Armenian and the number is on the increase.

All such movements are cordially Greece a million human derelicts, welcomed by the missionary, but has scattered the seed of evanhe finds it difficult to cooperate gelical truth in many most unexwith them because of the jealous pected places. Here and there are suspicion of the authorities of the found small bodies of earnest Established Church. The name Christians who meet for services Protestant is anathema, and must and who read and circulate the be carefully avoided if any work Bible. One can hardly estimate is to be done inside the Orthodox the possible consequences of this Church. Yet alongside this, the for the whole of Greece. With a Greek Evangelical Church body few educational centers at which has been recently at last officially missionary influence may be felt, recognized by the Greek Govern- and with indigenous zeal and effort to extend the spirit of the ment; and its zeal and spiritual Gospel everywhere, and with inforce should be an incentive to creasing freedom for the circulatheir Orthodox brethren to come up to them as a moral and religious tion of the Bible, what may not power. the result be, in making this nominally Christian land more as The tremendous upheaval in it really ought to be! Asia Minor, that hurled over into WHY SHOULD 11 I. Why Should I Study Missions?

1. Because my education is sadly deficient if I am ignorant concerning the most important work in the world.

2. Because a study of missions will increase my faith in Christ. Missions is God at work.

3. Because I cannot otherwise grasp the full mission of the Church. 4. Because I cannot discharge my duty without informing myself on the subject. 5. Because I must be intelligent on missions in order to stimulate others. 6. Because I need this study as a preparation for my own life service.

II. Why Should I Give to Minions?

1. Because it is the best paying investment of money. 2. Because of the joy and blessing that come to the giver. 3. Because I am a steward of the money that God has intrusted to me. 4. Because I am put to shame by the liberality of converts from heathenism. 5. Because it is God's will that missionaries should go, and that I should help to send them. 6. Because I am grateful to God for what He has given me. 7. Because men are suffering from sin and souls are dying that I may help save them.

III. Why Should I Pray for Missions?

1. Because the world needs prayer. 2. Because missions have always prospered as believing prayer has increased. 3. Because God has conditioned the success of missions on prayer. 4. Because the missionaries and converts ask for Christian prayers. 5. Because I am told by Christ to pray. 6. Because the prayer of faith is answered. 7. Because Christ is praying for those for whom He died.

IV. Why Should I Be a Missionary?

1. Because Christ is the only Saviour. 2. Because multitudes have not heard of Him and are -dying in their sin. 3. Because doors of opportunity are open. 4. Because the cry for more helpers is _urgent. 5. Because Christ says, "Go ye." 6. Because Christ gave up everything that I might be saved.

Adapted from The Outlook of Missions

OF 'l'HE PHE SBY'l'flllI. N }IlSSlON, POrN'I' BARROW, AJ,ASKA

ROMANCE AND REALITY IN ALASKA BY REV. A. J . MONTGOMERY, D.D., New York Presby t erian Board of National Miss!ons M ISSIONARY work in Alas- mystic interest came the days of ka is unusually attractive the great gold rushes, Klondike, on the one hand and more Fairbanks, Nome, Iditarod and than ordina~ily difficult on the oth- others. These were true American er. Has any other field of mission- epics ·of action, of wealth acquired ary operations so much with which overnight and often as quickly lost, to appeal to the imagination of of unspeakable hardships and of Christian benevolence ? The era of sublime courage. In addition to discovery and exploration which all this our Northland has in itself flies the flags of Spain, France, an appeal which grips the imagi~ Britain and Imperial Russia, world nation of all. Its jewelled nights, powers of the eighteenth century, vast spaciousness and mighty siis a colorful record of adventure lences ·seem to challenge the attenand daring. The long ~olphjaJ ten~ tion of those who have never had ure of Russia cannot be classed as the good fortune to live in the even a passable political experi- witching land. ment but it has furnished the One of the many difficulties in- world with the ground work of herent in missionary work in many a stirring tale. Following Alaska is the vast geographical the Russian occupancy with its spread of the country. It lies with- Oriental splendor and opulent, in meridians 130 west and 173 east 629

longitude and between parallels 51 grandest scenery in the world. and 72 north latitude. Its area is Perhaps its scenery ought to be about 590,000 square miles which listed as Alaska's greatest asset. is one fifth that of the United Even with the present transporta- States. Its coast line is six times tion one may behold fiords equal in as great as that of the United beauty to those of Norway, glacial States. The main mass of Alaska systems so extensive that those of is, speaking roughly, a great rec- Switzerland pale into insignificance tangle. On the north it looks out in comparison and as the piece de over the polar expanses of the Arc- resistance, Mt. McKinley, the tic Ocean and on the south over mightiest mountain of North the Gulf of Alaska. Attached to this America in height and impressivegreat terrain are two tail-like ap- ness. pendages, one bending to the south- For extensive missionary operaeast, Southeastern Alaska, the tion the variations of climate consmall segment which the ordinary stitute still another and most seri- tourist sees, the other the Alaska ous difficulty. A little less than a Peninsula which is continued in quarter of the area of Alaska lies to the Aleutian Islands swinging far the north of the Endicott Range out into the Pacific J apanward. of Mountains. This region. is ex- The proximity to Asia is seldom posed to the rigors of the polar thought of and therefore should be winters. One church maintains specially stressed here. On a clear several missions along the littoral day the East Cape of Asia can be which is sealed by the polar ice seen from Cape Prince of Wales. pack for about eleven months of How many have realized that the the year. The reader will appreoldest and the newest continents ciate the real difficulty here when are actually only an eye glance dis- he is informed that supplies can tant? There are not a few who reach these missions by boat only believe that before the dawn of once a year if and when the ice history successive streams of im- recedes temporarily from the migration fro m Asia entered shore. Mail is carried by the sup- America at this particular point. ply boat in August and three times The baffling problems of trans- during the long winter by dog portation are another serious dif- teams. This region may, however, ficulty not only for missionary be disregarded for the purposes of operation but for economic, social this paper. It is most important and pioneering efforts as well. It to recognize clearly that Alaska is is a land of many islands, of tow- not an Arctic province. Fully threeering mountain ranges, majestic fourths of its territory is within rivers, great valleys, boundless the North Temperate zone. Two tundra plains, resting on the Pa- distinct climatic belts are distincific and Arctic Oceans and Bering guishable. The fringe upon the Pa- Sea, the point of contact being a cific and its waters has high shore line serrated by fiord, inlet, precipitation, cool summers and sound, bay, canal and gulf. While mild winters. Crossing the coastthis makes transportation of all al mountains one enters a characsorts including aviation the despair teristic Rocky Mountain climate, of the engineer, yet incidentally with scant rainfall, hot summers there is furnished some of the and cold winters. It need not be

ROMANCE AND REALITY IN ALASKA

pointed out that climatic condi- Hydas and Tsimpshean. Among tions very materially affect the rate the Thlinkets there are important of progress by which a virgin ter- intertribal variations which need ritory may be reclaimed. not detain us. In the Alaska Penin- Still another factor that adds to sula and on the Aleutian Islands the difficulty is the evidence of ar- are the Aleuts. In the interior are the Tinneh Indians, of Athabascan kinship. From the delta of the Kuskokwim and the mouths of the Yukon northward to Point Barrow and east are the Eskimo, with trib- al and dialectical variations. Al- together these native races number about one half of the population, or 25,000. One cannot be impressed by the numbers, but one must be LEAVING WAINWRIGHT FOR A PREACH- appreciative of the patient mis- ING SERVICE sionary spirit that has never been daunted by the complicated probrested industrial or community de- lems of race, tongue and culture. velopment. The difficulty does not arise so much out of the wastage involved as out of the psychology which it creates. He who has seen the wreck of an abandoned mining camp, or an abandoned army post, or the ship boneyard at St. Mich- eal, for example, is qualified to cal- culate the retarding effect of such sorry spectacles. It is true that the pioneering venture of necessity involves waste in planning, in ef- fort and in dollars, but in Alaska with its sparse population and high transportation costs these remind- ers of forlorn hopes or of better days tend to retard present devel- opment.

StilI another difficulty presents itself in the complex of racial, trib- al, linguistic and cultural varia- tions. The simplest type of work MARRJO, ONE OF THE ~lLDERS AT is among the whites and yet for WAINWRIGHT reasons already indicated this work The purchase of Alaska from is far from easy. It is when we the Imperial Russian Government undertake to evangelize the native was made in 1867 yet almost a races that the real quality of the seore of years passed before the task becomes apparent. The na- United States attempted to set up tives of Southeastern Alaska are a form of civil government. From of thre!;l ctlf'itinct tribes, Thlinket, 1867 to 1877.government was nom-

inally in the hands of the War De- the Secretary of the Interior partment. For two years it was through the U. S. Bureau of Edu- given to the Treasury Department. cation were restricted to the main- Then from 1879 to 1884 the re- tenance of schools for "Eskimos, sponsibility was reposed in the Aleuts, Indians and other native Navy Department. On May 17, people of Alaska."

1884, Congress established civil There have thus been created by government. action of Congress in this territory The condition of the native races two systems of education, one for when the country passed into the native races directly under the Fed- political system of the United eral administration, the other for States was thoroughly deplorable. whites and placed in charge of the It is a well-known story and may territorial government.

be summed up here in the words: The U. S. Bureau of Education gross immorality, savagery, brutal- conducts day schools, industrial ity, witchcraft and extreme degra- schools, reindeer schools, coopera- dation. The need of education was tive stores, hospitals and provides deeply felt, consequently the first medical relief and special instruc- act of the first missionary at Fort tion in sanitation in behalf of the Wrangel in 1877 was to establish natives. This work, in spite of al- a Christian school for the instruc- most insuperable difficulties, is be- tion of native children. Other ing done efficiently on the whole mission schools followed. The first and with commendable skill and public schools came, as one would sympathy. The Bureau employs a expect, with the establishment of force of six superintendents, about civil government in 1884. Under 170 teachers, eight physicians, the provisions of the Act of Con- twenty-six nurses and maintains gress the Secretary of the Interior 86 schools with an enrollment of appointed a general agent of edu- almost 4,000. At present there are cation in Alaska who administered three industrial schools located at and supervised all public schools White Mountain, Kanakanak and until 1900, when because of the Eklutna which are doing a whole- growth of certain communities and some piece of work in preparing the need for some form of local native youth for the duties of school control Congress passed an civilized life.

act providing for the incorporation The territorial educational sys- of such communities as cities and tem for "white children and chil- setting up, among other things, the dren of mixed blood leading a civ- machinery for the support, man- ilized life" is in charge of a com- agement and control of city schools. missioner with headquarters at Five years later the so-called "Nel- Juneau. The number of schools son Act" was passed which pro- administered by the commissioner vided for the establishment and is in excess of eighty, with about support of schools in communities 220 teachers and an enrollment of outside of incorporated cities, the about 4,500. The high school en- same to be "available to white chil- rollment is near 600. The terri- dren and children of mixed blood torial educational system heads up leading a civilized life." At the in the Alaska College at Fairbanks.

same time the Federal appropria- This institution is an agricultural tions for schools administered by college with a school of mines and

provides a four years' course of in- the same time when they witnessed struction leading to the B.S. de- the atrocities practiced on suffergree. Thus it will be seen that ing people by the medicine man Alaska is trying to solve the ele- they vowed his undoing. The mental problem of furnishing every United States Bureau of Educayouth an adequate education. The tion assumes responsibility for changes that have taken place in medical service for the natives. the last two decades have generally Their hospitals are planted at made for more stable modes of life. Noorvik, Akiak, Kanakanak, Tan- This has given new opportunity ana and Juneau. During the seafor home building; consequently son of open navigation on the while the present population .mark Yukon a medical boat with doctor is at low ebb still there are more and nurse is maintained. Mission children in the territory than ever hospitals are maintained by the A BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF THE CHURCH TAKEN 'rUE DAY OF THE DOG-'l'EA~I PICNIC before. In addition to the splendid Methodists at Nome, Episcopalians provision made for public educa- at Point Hope, Fort Yukon and tion there are a small number of Wrangel, Roman Catholics at Holy mission schools doing creditable Cross and the Presbyterians on the work. The Presbyterians main- tip of the continent at Barrow. On tain the Sheldon Jackson Training the whole it will be seen that laud- School for natives at Sitka, the able endeavors have been made to high standards of which are felt care for the sick. far and wide, and the Episcopalians have boarding schools for In- From the inception of missiondians at Nenana and Anvik, to ary work it was felt that somemention no more. thing should be done for native orphan children. Their condition It has already been made plain then was pitiable in the extreme. that the pity of the first American The territory makes certain local missionaries was elicited by the deg- provisions but it has been left to radation of the natives and their the denominations to assume this practical response was schools. At ministqr. Th~ Met~Q(;Usttl have

consolidated their work into the Aleuts. The Tinnehs of the in- Jessie Lee Home at Seward. The terior are regarded as the sole re- Presbyterian orphanage is at sponsibility of the Episcopalians. Haines. The Moravians maintain The Moravians have the sole octhe Kuskokwim Orphanage. The cupancy of the work among the Baptist institution is on Kodiak Eskimos living at the mouth of the Island. Kuskokwim. The Catholics are working among the Eskimos living The churches were not as slow in the delta of the Yukon. The to undertake work in Alaska as the Methodists and Episcopalians have Federal Government was to take up each an Eskimo mission station at the task of civil government. In Norne and Tigara village respec- 1877, ten years after Seward's pur- tively. The California branch of chase, the first missionary arrived the Friends has extensive Eskimo in Alaska at Ft. Wrangel in the work on Kotzebue Sound among person of Mrs. A. R. McFarland the coast-dwelling Eskimos at who was initially sent out by the Kewalik, Buckland, Kotzebue and First Presbyterian church of Port- Kivalina and also on the Kobuk, land, Ore. Practically all the lead- Noatak and Selawik Rivers. This ing denominations are now repre- great mission heads up at Kotzebue sented in the work. where the superintendent lives. The Presbyterians reach the Eski- The work among the whites is mos at Cape Prince of Wales, St. characteristically home mission Lawrence Island, Wainwright, pioneering with a large plus of pe- Barrow, Point Barrow, with exculiarities. However, it is, as seen tension work projected as far east in the large, a healthy investment as Demarcation Point. The purof missionary service and is sure to pose in giving this list in geographyield gratifying returns in the es- ical terms is to demonstrate that, tablishment of the Kingdom of God as in the case of work among the on earth. Overcrowding and com- whites, these enterprises represent petition are not unknown, still practical territorial allocations of there is enough undivided parochial responsibility as yet noncompetiresponsibility on the part of the tive but needing to be restudied in churches to insure vigorous growth the light of greater efficiency, safeand development. The present sit- guarding interests already estabuation, however, good as it is in lished and especially for devising general, ought to be studied with practical ways of dealing with care by an association of the areas not yet touched. churches, like a home· missions ,council, with the future in view. It is unusually refreshing to study the history of the missionary The missionary work among the enterprise in Alaska. One soon native races has been undertaken comes to understand that the day by the various denominations with of miracles in missions is not never a thought of comity or al- passed. Out of terrible degradalocated areas and yet, on the whole, tion and darkness both of mind and this haphazard method has up to heart, people have been lifted into date worked out advantageously. the sunlight of modern Christian The Presbyterians are practically experience. One day on the shores alone in Southeastern Alaska. The Methodists once seemed to be will- of the Arctic Ocean an old Eskimo ing to accept responsibility for the

ROMANCE AND REALITY IN

handed me a stone knife and ex- though he is in body, he is the plained through an interpreter that leader of his people in business, in when he was a boy metal was all village government and in Chrisbut unknown among his people. tian development. Most of the na- That was a voice from the "Stone tives are kindly, alert and respon- Age." Later on that very day I sible. Their great present problem saw his son, who is a reindeer is that of the development of leadherder, a man of property and an ership from their own ranks which educated Christian. In other in the next generation may lead words it is just one generation out these young native churches from the stone age to our modern into fresh acquisitions of grace, industrialized civilization. There power and usefulness.

~'HE SUNDAY SCHOOL OF THE PRESBYTF;RIAN CHURCH AT SKAGWAY are many villages of native peoples The mISSIOnary situation in in Alaska with Christian homes, Alaska calls loudly for a council of with culture, education and com- the responsible missionary leaders fort. These represent the substan- and administrators to evaluate the tial triumphs of the Gospel. Per- work already done and to take such haps the two foremost such vil- steps as may be had to direct the lages are Tigara and Barrow. In course of the work for the future. personality there has been as Such a council should be held in might be expected the same kind of Alaska. The need for such a gathdevelopment. Edward Marsden, ering should be laid heavily upon the native leader, stands for all the hearts and minds of the responthat is best in the rapidly unfold- sible leaders of the churches having life of his Tsimpsheans at Met- ing large native missionary interlakatla. To take another example, ests. Alaska is a land of opportu- Joe Sokonik at Kavilina. Crippled nity with great need for Christ.

WOMAN'S RIGHTS IN

A Plea by One of Them A MONTHLY periodical, Re- "In modern democracies, the simli Ai (July, 1927), pub- right of citizenship belongs to lished for Turkish readers every individual without distinc- this plea for the still submerged tion of sex. But if a woman is not womanhood of the Republic: considered a person, she is de- "Sabihe Zekaria Hanum had a prived thereby of all these rights.

case in the courts where an official (According to present law), the of justice refused her the right of Turkish woman may not testify; testimony on the grounds that neither may she become a trustee; Turkish law still refuses to accept further, she may not even inter- the testimony of women. Sabihe fere in community affairs, where Zekaria Hanum is the editor of a the social and hygienic life of her review and ·is engaged also with children and of herself is greatly the preparation of a 'Children's concerned. If she has not a father Encyclopedia.' Sorely affected by or a husband, she is doomed to fail such treatment at the hands of the in the struggle of life. Because the law, she has written the following head of the family is man, she is article under the title: AmI Not not a person, but instead an en- a Person? cumbrance, living as a, parasite on "I Inlow the restrictions of the the man and on society. As to her old law, but I was expecting that political rights, they are denied to the new Civil Code would grant us her.

at least the right of testimony. "I want my right as a human This event has shown me clearly being before my right of voting. ( that society still has no confidence want the right given to the orin me as a woman such as it has in dinary man in my status as a peran ordinary man. Women are not son. I want my right of guardianconsidered as persons in (Turkish) ship of my own children after the society. In the sight of the law, death of their father. the minds of women are equal only to the minds of children . . . "Every citizen has a right in the affairs which concern the general "Society has given me the right life and the progress of the counto publish a Review and an Ency- try. I want my right of vote in clopedia but it has not accepted the the activities of the municipality fact of my being a thinking be- which deal with the health of my ing … children and of my country. I want the right of expressing my "The Civil Code has given many views. As I have a duty and rerights to women, for which we are sponsibility towards this country, grateful. It has given us the right so it in turn, is obligated to give to hold property; to become certain rights to me. I want from teachers, physicians; in short, the the law nothing less than the right right to assume such status as pre- of full citizenship." supposes our being intelligent and thinking persons. Consequently, (Signed), it cannot say that it cannot trust in our words. SA~IlIE ZEKARIA HANUM.

6SG

AS A MISSION

BY REV. COLIN G. YOUNG, D.D., Toronto, Canada Associate Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, United Ohuroh 0-1 Canada OTHER undertakings may be struction given to James McGregor very necessary for the wel- as early as 1786: "Aim not to fare of Canada but none make anti-Burghers but Christouch so vitally the springs of the tians." The magnitude of the nation's life as the effective preach- undertaking helped to break down ing of the Gospel of Jesus Christ sectarian barriers. The common on the frontier. That frontier may task and the common achievement brought the divided forces of the be the fringe of settlement in the Protestant Church close together farthest outlying community or the on the frontier. It is largely due crowded streets of a great city, but to united effort, also, that Canada to permeate the life of every com- has been preserved from the munity with the Spirit of Christ is triumph of evil. The real problems the only way to ensure strength for of life at the outposts and in the future generations. crowded centres of population have emphasized the importance of Canada has been looking back the truth and life that are shared with pardonable pride over the by all Christians. steady growth toward nationhood since the Confederation of the Various Undertakings provinces in 1867. During this period the Christian Church, as represented by all the denomina- The population of 9,500,000, tions, "lengthened its cords and scattered over the northern half of strengthened its stakes." Since the continent, presents problems the beginning of the twentieth cen- as difficult and diverse as have ever tury the expanding demands of been faced by the Christian Church.

growing cities and new outposts The field of activity extends from have taxed the resource of all Bermuda, Newfoundland and Lab- Christians. For decades the immi- radar on the east to Vancouver gration into Canada was three Island and the Yukon on the west. times as rapid, in proportion to its No church ever had a more expopulation, as during any similar tended, a more complex or a more period in the United States. inviting home missionary under- This practical necessity of pro- taking. viding gospel ministry to a great In addition to the North Amercompany of new settlers paved the ican Indians on whose behalf large way for larger cooperation among sums of money are expended the evangelical denominations and yearly, there are representatives of eventually led to a union of three more than sixty-eight different naof them and the strong probability tions who look to the Church of the of more to follow. The missionary new land for spiritual instruction pioneers of all denominations, al- and guidance. To meet this diverse though they naturally felt the pull need the Gospel is preached in more of denominational ambition, yet than twenty-five different lanfor the most part followed the in- guages, not counting the various 637

Indian dialects. All the larger de- both residential and day, the facilinominations share in this splendid ties for doing the work have imenterprise upon which the future proved very much of late years. of Canada so much depends. Due almost entirely to the vigi- lance of the missionary in intro- Indian Missions ducing and enforcing modern methods of caring for the sick, the The white man first made him- health of the Indian is now well self known to the Indian, not as the cared for and the total Indian messenger of the Cross but as a population is not diminishing as it man of business. The first settlers' once did. thoughts were of furs, not of souls. A day of awakening came early, Extended Fields however, and some of the most heroic achievements of missionary New communities always mean history are found in the endeavor sparsely settled districts where the to give the Gospel to the "Red people live long distances apart Man" of Canada. Bishops of the and make the work of the mission- Church of England such as Mach- ary correspondingly difficult. All ray, Bompasand Stringer, pioneer the churches have appointed minmissionaries of the Methodist and isters to large areas in their desire Presbyterian Churches such as to meet the need of these outlying Young, Evans, Rundle and Mc- settlements. In the Cariboo in Brit- Dougall, Black, Nisbet and Robert- ish Columbia one worker covers son, have set standards of sacri- an area as large as all the Marificial service never surpassed in the time Provinces but the whole popinterests of any cause. Great ulation numbers only about 5,000. credit is also due to the Church of England for the notable work done Visiting these widely scattered by its missionaries among the families and gathering them into Esquimaux of the north. No other little worshiping groups make church cared for this lonely and great demands upon the missionvery needy people. Without the ary's time and strength. On a trip Church's help hundreds would to one of these outlying points one have died of starvation and with- missionary held four baptismal out religious instruction. services and baptized eight chil- dren on one afternoon. Over the The churches have an under- week-end he held two regular standing with the Dominion Gov- preaching services and baptized ernment dividing the responsibility twenty-seven children, some of for the education and the religious them eighteen years of age and instruction of the Indians among yet they had never before attended the various denominations. Al- a church service. This missionary though the process of evangeliza- has twenty-seven preaching station has been slow and the results tions and twelve Sunday-schools. sometimes very disappointing, yet He keeps the "light of Life" burna number of outstanding leaders ing in many homes which otherhave come forward whose Chris- wise would be dark, yet he is only tian character is the proof of the one of scores of men and women faithful ministry of devoted mis- who cover large areas as bearers of sionaries. As the Government has the "Glad Tidings." provided the school equipment, On the broad prairies where the

1!l28} CANADA AS A MISSION FIELD

land is marvelously fertile the de- dezvous Island. For ten years Mrs. T. velopment of a mission into a self- had not been once off the Island, which is perhaps a mile long and one-half wide. supporting congregation is often A 'neighbor' woman would come in an rapid. A few years of persistent open boat from fifteen miles away to help her when her babies were born. When effort bring quick returns. Conse- first I called I found the children had quently in some of the newer prov- had no schooling and the oldest was fif- teen years of age. They have now a inces the Church is already firmly little school attended by four T.'s and four other children who row six and established. eight miles to be present. Off-hand I Under the care of the Canadian could name two score of other families whose appeal is much the same as these." Protestant churches, where statistics are available, there are about Traveling libraries are intro- duced and about one hundred of 3,000 aid-receiving charges. In these are constantly on the move to bring intellectual stimulus to each of these there would be an hundreds of little groups.

average of three preaching sta- To fulfil this ministry these tions, or a total of between nine brave missionaries endure all kinds of hardships by land and sea. God and ten thousand places where re- alone can measure the results in lives inspired and redeemed ligious services are made possible through their never-failing sacrithrough the home missionary en- fice.

terprise of the various churches in French Canadians Canada. For over one hundred years the Protestant churches of Canada Marine Missions have been interested in the evan- gelization of the French Canadians. On the Atlantic and the Pacific Many of the earliest settlers who coasts little mission boats go up c&me to Quebec were Protestants of Huguenot extraction. Their lot and down, seeking out the lonely was a difficult one and increasingly so with the coming of greater numsettlers, the fishermen, the loggers bers of French Roman Catholics. From the beginning Protestant and the lumbermen. Between 40,- services were held and many French people were attracted to 000 and 50,000 people are sought this simple form of worship. Dur- ing all these years the work has out in this way and the service gone forward with varying suc- cess. rendered is at once unique and far- Large, well-conducted boarding reaching in its effects. One mis- schools, accommodating 600 or 700' children, have been established by' sionary writes, as he relates an ex- several denominations and affordl excellent opportunities for educaperience at one port of caB: tion and for contacts with the Prot- estant community. Home schools "I had a capacity house and a most have also been located at several appreciative audience. They had come from 'the uttermost parts' of the Island by trail and boat. Six babies lay asleep on shawls on the floor during the service. Everyone else was wide awake. I had no need of eloquence to hold their attention but their evident eagerness to follow my thoughts brought from me the best I had. I spoke for more than an hour. The meeting lasted two hours. I do not know how much longer they stayed after the benediction. It was 'a great occasion' for them. They told me that mine was the second religious gathering that had ever been held on the Island and that I was the first Christian minister of any kind that had ever been in their homes. This Island lies out in the Pacific only fifty miles from the city of Vancouver.

"One family, Mr. and Mrs. T., with their six children, lives seventy-five miles farther up the coast on the Upper Ren-

convenient centers and help to im- steadily separating themselves part religious education. from the synagogue as a place of Important congregations have worship. Reports show that from grown up and are exercising a 8010 to 8510 of the Jewish people liberating influence on the thought are rapidly becoming unchurched.

and action of the French com- Fully seventy-five out of everyone munities. Outside all Protestant hundred of the children are al- churches and yet attributable to lowed to grow up in ignorance of them is a great body of young peo- the Jewish religious beliefs and ple of French extraction, with practices. '

highly trained minds, who are fear- Since the Great War the Jewish lessly seeking the truth and are population, in many countries, has finding the way to real spiritual enjoyed a freedom of thought and freedom. of action never before experienced.

The Problem of the Jew In these areas the Jewish mind has opened and Jewish professors and Wherever the Jew has settled in rabbis of the liberal type are com- any part of the world he has cre- mending the New Testament, even ated new problems, political, social, preaching from it and declaring economic and religious. Some Jesus to be Israel's greatest ethical countries, in attempting to solve teacher. A still more "liberaliz- these problems, have adopted ing" movement in the Jewish com- methods of repression. In most munity is being led by James instances the Christian Church has Waterman Wise, the only son of done little but look on and has Rabbi Stephen Wise, of New York.

acted as if there was no call of This young man is already called Christ to bring the Gospel to His "A Jewish Martin Luther." In a own. Had the Christian Church book recently published he says, been more active there might be no "Our faith must be reexamined.

Jewish problem today. The in- Reverently and with love we must fluence of these people is out of all search into the truths of our fa- proportion to their numbers. They thers but resolved that where they have attained positions in finance, are for us no truths we must deny commerce, industry, science, phi- them; where they are half truths losophy, law, politics, statecraft we must alter them; and where and in the press, enabling them to ourselves can catch a glimpse of mould thought and public opinion yet unseen truths we must not fail and to influence the life and des- to follow the gleam." For these tiny of nations. and many other reasons the time These facts indicate the vital im- is most opportune and the urgency portance of the Christian educa- very great to evangelize the Jew.

tion of the Jew to the life of the The churches in Canada have a whole world. The problem of the number of successful miSSIOns Jew is religious and the Church among Jewish people, but the in- must approach the task from the direct method of influencing them practical and not merely from the has proved most effective and thou- sentimental point of view. "The sands of young Jews are being Gospel, the great Solvent" must be born into a wider and fuller life.

applied as never before. As a In Montreal there are 76,000 Jews, group the Jewish people are in Toronto 60,000, in Winnipeg

CANADA AS A MISSION FIELD

16,000 and in all of Canada about looked for another country where 170,000. The number, the oppor- they would have both land and lib- tunity and the obligation grow erty. They began to emigrate to steadily. Hundreds of Jewish chil- the United States and to Canada dren are now in Sunday-schools and when the number had grown and other young people's activi- sufficiently "The Pacific Confer- ties but more aggressiveness should ence of German Congregational be shown in teaching the way of Churches" sent the first mission- the Christ unto these wonderful aries who set up congregations. In people and especially unto their the new land they have prospered.

children. The pioneer shack has given place The Russo-Germans to the comfortable farmhouse. Their religious fervor has not A fairly large company of people abated but difficulty has been exwho were legally Russian citizens perienced in finding qualified minbut who are descended from Ger- isters. This is being overcome so man colonists in Russia have made that this interesting people is their way to Canada. The older likely to make a substantial contrimembers of this group still speak bution to the religious life of Canthe German language. Their story ada.

goes back over one hundred and Extensive and effective work is fifty years to the reign of the also being done in well-established famous but wicked Empress Cath- missions among Orientals, Italians, arine II of Russia. A Prussian Bulgarians, Polish, Scandinavians, princess by birth, her marriage Finnish, Ukrainians and other was intended to strengthen the ties groups. Many of these groups, between Russia and her native having turned away from the traland. She undertook to settle the fertile lands of southern Russia ditional churches of the old lands, with German colonists, who were are sadly neglected and are prepromised land and religious free- senting the most inviting fields of dom. They settled north of the home mission enterprise. To teach these peoples the best things of Caspian Sea and between this and the Black Sea. As the Russian Gov- life in a way that will lead them inernment recognized only the Luth- to the place of real Christian faith eran Church the state appointed and spiritual liberty is a glorious task. ministers for these colonies. These ministers were state officials rather The Church of All Nations than religious men and the people One of the most recent methods suffered accordingly. Many were of solving the difficulty of provid- naturally religious and in the long ing gospel ordinances for these periods between the visits of the various racial groups is the organ- clergyman, and often without his ization of the "Church of All Na- knowledge, great revivals took tions." In the city of Toronto, The place. Moody and Sankey hymns United Church of Canada has were translated into their language added to its missionary equipment and were sung with great fervor. this most interesting experiment The religious freedom promised which so far has proved eminently them was curtailed and eventually successful. Years ago one of the was taken away, so that they largest and most influential con- 3

gregations of the former Meth- verse nationalities who have been odist Church of Canada met in the hitherto neglected. Racial congre- Queen St. West church. The pass- gations established for some years ing of the years changed the com- and now housed in this building plexion of the district. The Eng- have increased their attendance lish-speaking community gave three-fold. A real attempt is made place to the representatives of to demonstrate the fact that "God more than thirty different nation- has made of one blood all the na- alities who were for the most part tions." without a church home. The old At fifty or more centers across building was remodeled and en- Canada these missions are establarged, providing two fine chapels lished and minister in a most seating 300 or 400 each, many club- unique way to this cosmopolitan rooms and a large well-equipped population. The enterprises of the gymnasium, in short, the most up- Boards of Home Missions of the to-date equipment for a real com- Protestant Churches of Canada are munity center. The direction of thus seen to be of the most varied the work is under a Canadian-born character. A real attempt is made minister of The United Church and to fin up that which is lacking in associated with him are five other the religious life of any community. ministers of the following nation- In addition to preaching "the alities: Bulgarian, Finnish, Uk- Word," which must always be rerainian, Scandinavian and Hun- garded as of first importance in garian. These have each his own missionary effort, other important racial service. In the evening all activities are undertaken. Splengroups meet in a common service didly equipped hospitals are mainconducted in the English language, tained ; school homes on a large although the hymns are sung to- scale bring the possibility of edugether in the different languages cation within the reach of hunto the same tune. More than any dreds of children. These and other other undertaking this has caught agencies commend the Gospel of the imagination of the Church and Love to peoples from all over the in this has been found the most ef- world, all of whom understand the fective means of providing reli- language of kindness Il.nd sacrigious services for peoples of di- ficial service.

HOME MISSIONS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN CANADA BY REV. W. A. CAMERON, B.A.

Assistant Secretary of the Board of Missions, Presbyterian Olturclt in Oanada The work of the women's mis- settlement houses in neglected sionary societies of the Presby- areas in our cities and two Reterian Church in Canada is mainly demptive Homes for the befriendof an institutional nature carried ing of those who have sometimes on in hospitals, school homes and been much more sinned against through the agency of deaconesses. than sinning. To it also is left, as The General Board maintains two its main work, the supplying of the

gospel privileges to needy places, hundred and seventy-five homes east and west. Of the 1,268 preach- being on the mailing list. Two ing places in our church, 591 are new mission fields are being opened dependent on the Board of Mis- this spring as a result of this work sions for the appointment of their of discovery. missionary or for financial assistance. A number of these have The oldest home mission work in been weakened temporarily either Canada was among the Indians of by the loss of members or the loss the west. This is still being carof property during the church ried on. The latest development is union struggle. Many fields cover taking place in the new north, in a large territory and consist of sev- the mining districts of Northern eral preaching points under the Ontario, Quebec, Northern Manidirection of one missionary. As toba and Saskatchewan, and in the most of these are in new territory great wheat areas of the Peace they are strengthened by the ar- River country, lying north of Edrival of new settlers, largely monton. The Presbyterian Church through immigration. has appointed students for the summer to prospect in these dis- Six port chaplains are also at tricts for the hidden gold in the work, two in Ireland and one in lives of men. No work is more Glasgow, whose duty it is to be of truly following in the footsteps of assistance to those who leave for our Master. Canada. Three are at various points in Canada who not only wel- A large number who are now come these immigrants on their ar- making their homes in Canada rival but help them to adjust them- have come from lands where Engselves to the new conditions. To lish is not spoken. Our church is minister to these, or to keep in taking a share in the task of protouch with them in their new claiming Christ to those of eight homes, presents a very serious different nationalities: (1) scatproblem. This is being solved tered French families in the Provthrough the agency of the Sunday- ince of Quebec; (2) Chinese in school missionary who travels in a various centers, among whom van, supplied with Sunday-school eleven workers are giving full-time helps and illustrated papers. Last service, four of these being Chisummer one of these workers cov- nese; (3) Jews in Toronto; (4) ered seven thousand miles, organ- Italians in Montreal, where there ized twenty-six new Sunday- are three congregations with a schools, of which nineteen were combined membership of 225 and meeting in schoolhouses and seve:q with 200 children in the Sundayin private houses. In addition, five schools; (5) Hungarians in nine hundred children remote from any centres, east and west; (6) Uk- Sunday-school were enrolled in a rainians in three cities; (7) Scan- Home Department for the study of dinavian far mer s, woodsmen, the Bible. Three hundred children fishermen, and miners; (8) Perwere found whose parents wished sians. The work of ministering to them to be baptized. During the so many varied nationalities is winter months five hundred and abundantly worth while as a part fifty-nine children were being sup- in the task of making and keeping plied with lesson helps by post, one Canada Christian in thought and outlook.

AMERICA'S GREATEST

TO EGYPT BY REV. WAHBY BOULUS, Sannoures, Egypt EGYPTIANS are not so much Coptic Church and even the street indebted to America for m~r- boys are not forgotte~ in this chandise and other materIal great movement. The Invaluable benefits but many of us are very help such schools are now render- deeply indebted for the work of ing is beyond calculation.

American missionaries. They have Egyptian women also have done much to evolutionize Egyp- found their greatest friends in tian life, and in many ways have American Christian educators.

contributed to progress. They have found their liberty and They are ambassadors of love new life. Egypt has great possi- and sympathy, and in their schools bilities with an open Bible and have been developed democratic this Book is helping to reform the ideals based. on Christian prin- old Coptic Church.

ciples. They have also taught the Missionary medical work has Gospel of Chr~st. . presented a wide field for se.lf- In AlexandrIa, Tanta, CaIro, As- sacrifice and a center for serVIce siut and all up the Nile Valley one to humanity. In Assiut and in finds the indelible impression of Tanta hundreds of thousands have these great American institutions been treated and have returned, -especially of Assiut College. uttering words of gratitude. Dr.

Had it not been fo.r this college Henry stands out as a distin- alone, many EgyptIans who are guished character possessing all now the light of their country the virtues of a Christian minister might have been renegades or vag- and Dr. Grant of Tanta has be- abonds. Young men have been come widely known and greatly snatched from dark homes. Now beloved. Other missionary pio- they are possessed of the light of neers have not considered their knowledge and truth, and are dif- lives dear unto themselves in their fusing light to their fellow coun- desire to offer salvation to the trymen. Egyptians.

In the village where I am now America's greatest contribution a pastor more than two hundred to Egypt has been the men who you~g men, former students of the have come here to serve humanity, Assmt College have come a1l:d.com- to uplift character, and to make pose a group of useful cItizens. known Christ as Saviour and Lord. Thirteen are pastors; others are lawyers, doctors, teachers, or busi:"

ness men. The money was well Arabic Scriptures had a total circula- I·nvested in their education for it tion of 1,200,000 copies during the last brought forth a high percentage of twenty years. About one-tenth of the character and men. whole output have gone to Moslems, which is much. Osmanli-Turkish Scrip- The work of the Sunday-schools tures have all gone to Moslems during is also finding its way into the old the same twenty years in a total of 150,000 copies.

644

CHRISTIANITY IN

BY REV. ALBERT G. MACKINNON, M.A., D.D., Rome, Italy Minister of the Presbyterian Ohurch T o APPRIZE the forces dom- happened is that Mussolini has dis- inant in New Italy one must covered the soul of his country. understand its maker-Mus- At heart, through all the ages, solini. That is not easy, for the there slept the spirit of Imperial evolution of the man is not yet Rome. Mussolini found in the old complete. He has impressed his fasces the "Open Sesame" which ideas and will on a nation by a penetrated through the walls of strength of character and determi- centuries and made the dry bones nation that ranks him as one of rise and live. The Italy which the world's greatest leaders, but has awakened to a consciousness what the ultimate goal will be it of itself has some of the delight- is doubtful if even he himself fore- ful freshness of youth. It is full sees. Fashioned on a rude anvil, of energy and ambition. Fascismo he tasted the bitterness of poverty has harnessed fervor to action: it and imprisonment. The fire of has given ambition a goal, and pa- patriotism in his soul, which has triotism a vent. The dash of Italian been the passion of his life, early character has carried the country began to weld the hard experiences with a rush into its new-found of youth into a fierce determina- possession of unity and power.

tion to make his country a better Time only will prove whether push place to live in and to clear all will be backed 'by perseverance.

self-seekers from positions of au- Has the spurt staying power?

thority. He naturally gravitated The best minds in Italy think towards Socialism; but when he that it has. There may be modifi- had to choose between it and pa- cations in time, but Italy will nev- triotism he was loyal to his first er go to sleep again. It has and abiding love, that of country. awakened, rolled up its sleeves, and Lenin upbraided the Italian Com- set itself to put its house in order.

munists with having lost their Housewives are not over-gentle chance when they allowed such a when the frenzy of cleaning is up- man to leave their ranks. "It is on them, and many a mere man a great misfortune that Mussolini has to complain that his household is lost to us," he wrote. "He is gods have been sacrilegiously fin- a strong man who will lead to vic- gered. Yet when he sits once again tory his party. You have thrown in comfort the sense of purity is away the card which wins the more than compensation. There trick." is a purifying agency at work in His prophecy proved true. Mus- Italy to-day.

soHni could not be suppressed. He How does all this affect Chris- came to the top, and to-day Italy tian work? That is the question presents at first sight a puzzle to we have to answer, and in general the casual observer. It is trans- terms the response is easy. Social formed, reanimated. What has discipline, order, high civic ideals 645

are all conducive to the formation about his private opinions, has of an atmosphere helpful to Truth publicly emphasized the imporin its highest form. Italy just tance of religion in the State. He escaped a catastrophe which would is naturally too preoccupied with have been disastrous to Christian- the affairs of government to probe ity. Bolshevism was about to deeply into the nature of religion break through the guard of civili- itself, and therefore accepts the zation. The pressure from Russia form in which it has been prewas bending the line of resistance; sented to him. He has had little its red flag was vaunting itself opportunity to come into close on the very streets of Rome; its touch with evangelical thought and doctrines were warping the souls forces; but he does not disown the of its citizens, when Italy produced place and work of the Evangelical the man who by a magic word ral- Church in Italy, and acknowledges lied its moral forces. The breach the good it is doing in the formain the dam was stopped, the flood tion of character, which he conwas stemmed; and, in as true a fesses must be the basis of true sense as in Flanders and on the citizenship. Piave, Europe was saved a second time. This outlook tends to put the mind of the average Italian, where Let us pass in review: not hampered by prejudice, into a sympathetic attitude towards the The Forces Helpful to Evangelistic appeal of Truth. It is my frequent Work habit to attend the evening serv- ice in the Waldensian Church in This awakening in the State has Rome, and I am always impressed had a repercussion in the religious by the large and attentive congresphere. It is a period of intensive gations. These are not composed germination. New ideas are evolv- of regular members, but are repreing and taking form in laws. While sentative of the man-in-the-street. the region of this activity has so A considerable number of Roman far been political it has produced Catholics drift in there because of an alert mind which cannot be con- the growing desire to know the fined within the frontiers of the Truth. One cannot come away State. This is all to the good. from these services without feel- Fascism may yet have its parallel ing very hopeful for Italy. in the religious domain. My own belief is that it will, and that noth- Another satisfactory feature in ing can check it. Meantime there the present situation is the reis undoubtedly a deepening of in- peated assurance which the Fasterest in spiritual matters, and a cist Government has given that restless spirit of. inquiry. Books religious liberty will be mainon religious subjects are being tained, and that it will safeguard more largely read, and among the the rights of all denominations more thoughtful there is a tend- which have a recognized claim to ency to question the superstitious its protection. teaching of the Roman Church. Many of its practices will not be Three years ago when Senator able to withstand this new search Luzzatti was writing a book on the for truth. "Relation Between Church and State" he called in my services in Mussolini, while I know nothing connection with his chapter on the

EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANITY IN ITALY

history of Scotland. Although taking root. A revived interest once Liberal Prime Minister of is manifest in the Word of God Italy and thus in himself the ex- and many incidents have come to ponent of a statesmanship which my knowledge of how a single copy was now superseded, he yet ex- has changed first one life and then pressed absolute confidence in the a whole home. Secretly the leaven new regime to preserve liberty of of the Word is acting and prepar- conscience and worship, and the ing the way for the preaching of rights of religious minorities. This the Gospel of Christ.

testimony from a Jew, but one Forces Which Oppose known as "The Grand Old Man"

of Italy, carries weight. The There is, however, a darker side shrewdness which lurked behind to the picture. Prejudice which those keen eyes read men and has been entrenched for centuries movements and his assurance on is not easily moved; besides there this point has allayed all fears. are material interests which are Another encouraging feature of threatened by evangelical teach- the times is the drawing together ing. It undermines superstition of the separate forces of Evangel- and all that is built thereon. Hence icalism. There was a period when the fierce attacks which are some- they showed rivalry and even op- times made on the preachers of position to each other; but that the Gospel, and especially on those is past. In Italy many organiza- who distribute the Scriptures. The tions are at work to spread the benevolence of the Government is Gospel in its simplicity, but the abused by those who under the greatest of all is the Waldensian cloak of religion seek to hinder Church, to whose heroism Milton workers of a different faith. It opened the eyes of Europe with sometimes also happens that low- a sonnet. It is the survivor of er government officials interpret thirty persecutions each more cruel in an arbitrary way the intentions than the other, and it has the right of the State.

to call itself the oldest Protestant A strange coincidence can also church in Europe. The best way be noticed. Along with the revived to help the evangelical cause is interest in religion there are de- to do it through the Protestant velopments of superstition. Mir- Church of the land. The present acles attributed to the relics of national spirit of the country re- dead saints seem on the increase.

sents the efforts of outsiders. It I have never seen the "Holy Stairs"

will be a long time before we can in Rome more densely thronged expect organic union between the than in recent years. The voice different evangelistic agencies; which whispered to Luther: "The but the fact that there is now co- just shall live by faith" falls to- operation gives strength to the day on deaf ears as men seek sal- cause. vation by penance.

Another thing that gives ground Perhaps one of the greatest dif- for much hope is the increasing ficulties the evangelical cause has circulation 0 f the Scriptures. to face at present is the lack of Though the ground may still be men and means. After all it is hard, the seed is being widely scat- true that "Not many mighty, not tered, and here and there it is many noble are called." The re-

sources available are very limited. may yet achieve a glory greater Their lack is America's and Brit- than "the grandeur that was ain's opportunity; but the giving Rome." of alien help requires tact. Nothing would be more fatal at the Well-intentioned visitors to Rome present moment than to associate very often, through thoughtlessevangelical effort with foreign ness, place themselves in the catechurches, for in such a case it gory of hinderers. A curiosity would be very easy for the enemy which they excuse as harmless to turn national spirit against it, tempts them to seek for admission and thus raise an insuperable bar- to one of the papal audiences. rier to its advance. All the "audience" there is about this ceremony is getting down on The Evangelical churches in one's knees and humbly kissing the Italy need the prayers and prac- Pope's ring as he passes along the tical help of their brethren in other line of kneeling visitors. The next lands, for theirs is a great task day the pUblication of the news at this moment. The character of that, say, "Three hundred distin- New Italy is still in the making. guished American and British vis- If it can be freed from the super- itors had an audience with His stitions of the past, and its zeal Holiness," may not meet their eyes; for the renovation of the State but it is seen by the Italians, who be joined to loyalty to that Saviour do not understand that the motive whose figure it has worshipped but was mere idle curiosity, and acwhose spirit it has misunderstood, cept it as a vote of confidence in then with that purified vision it the Roman Catholic faith.

AN APOSTLE OF CHRIST IN NEW BRITAIN· BY J. H. MARGETTS, Raluana T HE latest thrust made into people accepted the invitation of heathendom by the church certain Taulil chiefs living nearby operating in the Raluana and settled amid the less exacting circuit has been in the direction conditions on the foothills of the of the Baining Mountains, a wide, range. The opportUnity was imrugged range of heights stretch- mediately grasped by our church, ing right across the Gazelle Pen- and services were commenced insula and lying at the back of the amongst them, only the men atcircuit. Sparsely scattered over tending, standing around, not this mountainous region are thou- moving far from their spears sands of nomads who rank with which they had stuck up in the the lowest types of mankind. ground. Shortly afterwards a Having grown tired somewhat native teacher was sent to reside of their nomadic existence, and in the settlement and soon the first having heard something of the seeds of the Kingdom of God were beneficent results accruing to taking root in the hearts and lives those having heard the gospel, in of the people. 1913 a small company of these Six years ago, amongst those * From The Missionary Review of the Meth. found waiting at the door of the church for admittance was a young odist Missionary Society of Australia.

AN APOSTLE OF CHRIST IN NEW BRITAIN

man named Got. Gently and kind- their ears, then calling them to ly and patiently he was taken in join him in prayer. He would stay hand by the native teacher in his in a place a day or two and then village and taught the way of God continue his work elsewhere. The more perfectly. We then received outcome of these missionary jourhim into the church. At baptism neys was that the Christian settlehe took the name Jeremiah. He ments on the foothills were was taught to read, and in order growing month by month. J ereto know the Word of God he miah was lifting up Jesus as he learned the coastal language, in went along, and He was drawing which the New Testament is men and women to Himself. Those printed. All this time he was an men and women, naked savages, eager hearer of the Word and reg- wending their way down the mounularly attended all the meetings of tains, with their packs and babies the church, and endeavored by on their backs, and their bigger nrecept and practice to lead others babies on their shoulders, to where to the grace he had found and was the native teachers were stationed, so much enjoying. It was thought were souls tired out with life as wise to assist his training by giv- they had known it, who had been ing him admittance into the mis- inspired to new life and energy by sionary's school at Raluana; but the promise of rest to be found in he never reaDy settled down the Gospel of Christ, proclaimed amongst us. His heart was where so earnestly by one of themselves. his home is, away in the mountains. He longed to be back with Jeremiah was afterwards made his own people; so we let him go, an assistant teacher. Up till now knowing that the greatest equip- his work had been principally ment God's servants can have is amongst those of his own tribe, not acquired at the schools. He the Uramat people. Between this became a local preacher and was tribe and the sea are the Mallee the first to proclaim the gospel to people, perhaps the most numerhis tribe in their own tongue. ous tribe on the mountains. We "Missionary," they said later on, were anxious that our work should "until Jeremiah preached to us in extend to these also, and as we our own tongue the Divine light had no pioneer suited to the task we saw was as that of the dawn, compared with Jeremiah, he was but now it is as that of the sun approached. Before many days shining high in the heavens." had elapsed he had left home once more, this time on an excursion It was at this time Jeremiah be- into the Mallee country. In that gan his apostolic tours. Over hill district he lived and laboured for and valley, crossing dangerous several months. The dialect spoken rivers, climbing rugged mountains was a little different from his own, in all weathers he would go, look- but this was soon acquired, and he ing for the people in their rude was able to preach to the people hamlets; not finding them he in their own tongue. What has would go and search for them in been the outcome of these entheir gardens, gathering them to- deavors? Another settlement has gether at night and in the light come into being with a population of the fire telling them the story of about two hundred-all brought of the gospel, so wonderful to into the Church by Jeremiah.

VITALITY OF

BY REV. WM. M. PADEN, D.D., Salt Lake City, Utah 'AMORMON apostle, Dr. James of the faith, the Mormon choir, E. Talmage, writes as if the and representative dyed-in-the- vitality of the Mormon cult wool saints from the various wards were evidence of its claim to be the of the city. only true Church of Christ on earth. The Tabernacle, wtJen it is packed But weeds have stubborn roots; as at conference time, seats about they grow; they reproduce; they 7,500 people. The attendance at spread their species; some of these the regular afternoon services weeds are parasites; many of them averages about 600. "That is not thrive best on poorly cultivated a great showing in a city of 125,- soil. Islam is an older, more 000, one half of the people nondeeply rooted and more widely Mormons," says the visitor. "But," spread creed than Mormonism and replies his Gentile companion, its defenders might use these evi- "you must take into account the dences of vitality to prove its di- attendance at the regular morning vine character and unique religious and evening services held in the worth. fifty Mormon meeting houses. The Mormonism is deeply rooted in Mormon church has an enrolled Utah, even in Salt Lake City where membership of 43,759 in this city perhaps half the people are non- and as many more in its suburbs Mormons or "Gentiles." Yet vis- in Salt Lake County. There are itors who pass through this Mor- fewer than 10,000 members-Prot- mon Zion see little of the branches estant and Catholic – enrolled in of this degenerate but fruitful cult all the other churches of this city and less of its roots. Tourists who or county." attend services in the Mormon It should be noted, however, that Tabernacle are apt to think of this the Mormons round up and brand as the one Mormon meeting house all their children at the age of in the city. As a matter of fact, eight years and are not disposed there are fifty other Mormon meet- to purge their church rolls. "Once ing houses in this Mormon Zion a Mormon always a Mormon" is and eighteen more in its environs. one of their sayings.

Moreover, the services held in the Outside of Salt Lake City and tabernacle are for tourists and are County the Mormon cult is still tied up with the Mormon Bureau more stubbornly rooted. But here, of misinformation, which is one of again, the outsider needs disilluthe most seductive missionary sta- sionment. You tell a candidate for tions of the Mormon church. The Christian ministerial service that typical services of the church are he will be the only resident minheld, save during its semiannual ister and serve in the only organconferences, in the ward meeting ized Christian church in one of our houses. The Mormon contingent Mormon towns or counties and he at the Tabernacle services consists will inquire: "Are there any Mor- of certain apostles and defenders mon churches in this unoccupied 650 parish ?" If the field under con- Some of these "stakes" report as sideration centers at Logan, the many as 6,000 members and the county seat of Cache County, you enrolled membership of the church reply: "Oh, yes, there are a dozen in Idaho is over 85,000. There are Mormon meeting houses in Logan not so many members enrolled in and its suburbs; also a central all the other churches – Catholic tabernacle and a conspicuous Mor- and Protestant – of Idaho. The mon temple. There are over forty Mormons have established their Mormon chapels or meeting houses colonies chiefly in the southern in this town or county and you will counties of this state. be the one resident minister in this great parish. The enrolled mem- The cult has, during the last few bership of the Evangelical church years, been taking root and spreadwill be perhaps 125. The Mormon ing in California and, especially, in and around Los Angeles. A A MORMON UNIVERSITY WARD CHAPEL IN UTAH membership, as listed for last year, "stake" has recently been organis 24,241. These members are ized in Los Angeles with its presicared for by five 'stake' presidents, dent, eighteen wards each with its forty-three bishops and scores of bishop, and 6,928 members. The obedient priests." authorities now speak of organiz- ing a "stake" covering the forty or Is the Mormon cult spreading? more missions in central Cali- Is it lengthening its cords, as well fornia. Some of these missions as strengthening its stakes? have already purchased property and built comely chapels. According to the Mormon directory and statistics for Idaho, the Mormon Statistics cult has twenty-four "stakes" in this state, usually including a Speakers at the last Mormon county or a town and its environs. conference boasted that their Each of these "stakes" has from church had more than doubled its six to fourteen meeting places or membership during the last fifty chapels, each with its bishop and years. This is quite true. The contingent of subordinate officials.

present enrolled membership of the from such and other reports that two Mormon sects-the one with the Mormon bishops list all the headquarters in Salt Lake City, the Mormons who happen to be living other with headquarters at Inde- in their wards when report is called pendence, Missouri-recently re- for and so encourage ecclesiastical ported by Dr. H. K. Carroll, is repeating. Nevertheless, in spite 645,158. Of these, about 95,000 of this disposition of the Mormon are J osephites, a midwest variety leaders to claim everything in of Mormon, that have always re- sight, and in spite of their readi- pudiated polygamy and consider ness to wink at "repeating," the Brigham Young and his successors cult is growing. The increase is as usurpe:rs of the authorIty given largely due to Mormon fecundity to Joseph Smith. and the unwillingness of the bish- Deducting the enrollment of this ops to reduce their ward member- J osephite sect, which has little foot- ship by cutting out the dead timber.

hold in the intermountain or Another sign of the vitality of Pacific West, we have left about the Mormon cult may be seen in its 550,000 members of the Utah or new zeal in temple building and its Brighamite. sect – the sect with new emphasis on temple work.

which we chiefly have to do. Three new temples have been built The growth of the Utah variety during the last dozen years-one of Mormonism has not been lux- in Hawaii, another in Alberta, uriant during the last few years- Canada, and a third at Mesa, Ari- say about 21,000 each year, of zona. These temples have cost the whom about 14,000 are children church at least $750,000. There from Mormon families. The num- has also been a great increase of ber of adult baptisms, including such temple work as baptism and adults born of Mormon parents marriage for the dead, initiations but not baptized in childhood, and into the priesthood and marriage converts from the outside world for eternity. At the recent semi- averages about 7,000 per annum. annual conference President Grant The exact figures for last year, as reported that, during the past year, given out by President Grant, are: over 62,000 "recommends" had Children baptized and enrolled, been granted to the members of 14,604; other converts, 6,367. No the church who wished to do reports are made of loss by death temple work or accept temple nor is any report made of losses by vows. Special excursions are ar- apostasy or chronic absenteeism. ranged for the young people of This makes some of the Mormon Utah and southern Idaho who wish statistics rather interesting. For to be baptized for their un-Mor- example: The Mormon church re- monized forbears. Joseph F.

ports a membership of 2,228 in Smith, late president of the church, Kane County, Utah. There are, was in the habit of saying, "We do according to the United States more work to save the dead than Census report, only 2,054 people in we do to save the living." The this county. Another Mormon Catholic doctrine of purgatory, statistician has naively listed this even in its crudest form, has noth- county, basing his estimate on fig- ing on the Mormon doctrine of ures covering twenty-five years, as baptism for the "spirits in prison."

100.07% Mormon. It is evident Polygamy, aside from its appeal

THE VITALITY OF MORMONISM

to the average natural man, was a Idaho, one in Arizona, and three in diabolically shrewd way of holding Utah-elaim to be junior colleges. the leaders of the Mormon cult to- These so-called colleges and univergether. Once tied in polygamy, sities report an enrollment of they were tied up in the Mormon 4,857 students, all of whom take church for life. Moreover, it left courses in Mormon history or Morits mark on their children – a mon theology. mark which did not embarrass them so long as they remained in A more recent and close-gripa Mormon community or the Mor- ping educational program has led mon church. The oath-bound to the building and manning of initiation services and esoteric some sixty-nine seminaries. These teachings of the Mormon temples seminaries contain three roomshave a somewhat similar grip on an office or reception room, a lec- ture room and a rest or recreation A MORMON SEMINARY AND ITS STUDENTS IN UTAH the Mormon priesthood and people room-and are erected adjoining and will be much harder to break or near to the town or county high down than the practice of polyg- schools. A Mormon teacher of amy. high school grade is employed by the church to take charge of each Training Mormon Youth seminary. He teaches the pupils Bible, in which course grades may The rootage and growth of the be given in the public high school. Mormon cult is also fostered by its In addition, he gives courses on the system of church schools and sem- Book of Mormon, Mormon church inaries. Two of these church history and Mormon theology. schools-the Brigham Young Uni- These seminaries are lashed to versity at Provo and the Latter- most of the larger high schools in day Saints University of Salt Lake towns and communities which are City – claim to give university courses. Five others – one in dominantly Mormon. The attend-

ance is supposed to be voluntary First Presidency and Apostles in but the courses have a place in the the Mormon church is much more schedule of the high schools. Ten direct and intimate than that of thousand eight hundred thirty-five the Pope and his cardinals over (10,835) high school pupils were Roman Catholics. enrolled in these seminary classes last year. Faithful Mormons still move in colonies or to colonies of their own In addition to these colleges and kind. The 2,068 missionaries, who seminaries, M 0 r man "religion have during the past year been classes" are held in or near many working out from twenty-seven of our grade schools. The presi- central stations, through 750 dent of the Mormon church reports branches, have been recruiting that 61,131 pupils were enrolled in officers, the branches, as a rule, these week-day religious classes being temporary "holding comlast year. All this week-day proc- panies." For most of the converts ess of Mormonization is in addition hope, sooner or later, to go to some to the work done by the Mormon Mormon community or to get with- Sunday-schools. These Sunday- in easy reach of one of the ~for­ schools are easily the most efficient man temples. If the Mormon peorecruiting and enrolling agencies ple were permanently scattered of the Mormon cult and, as each of over the United States, as are the these Sunday-schools has its the- members of the great Protestant ology class for older pupils and churches, Mormonism would, withadults, these schools are also in a generation or so, lose its hold agencies of indoctrination. The on the majority of its younger regular church services, which are members and nearly all of their usually held in the town or village children. meeting houses on Sunday afternoon, are reiterative, stupid, and So Gentiles, many of them mempoorly attended. bers of Evangelical churches, find it hard to stand up for the faith of Mormon Bishops and Their Flocks their fathers when submerged in a community in which the Mor- The Mormons are, as a rule, mons are outspoken, knit together gregarious or herd-minded. They as one man, and dominant. Some go in flocks or herds, with a bishop of these non-Mormons, when so as herder or herdsman and the tested, suppress _their religious priesthood as his "nippers-in." There are 933 active bishops in the loyalties and soon have neither M'ormQII church and they and other religion to speak of or to live by. priests and high priests being in- Others, like lumps of savorless cluded, there are 130,000 priests of salt, go into solution without givvarious grades in the church. ing color or tang to the solution. Nearly all the male members of Still others are smothered as corn the church who are in good stand- by the weeds. As the Mormon ing, and many who are not, hold church emphasizes the social and office and exercise such authority economic elements of its fellowship as is doled out to them by the First as much as, if not more than, the Presidency and his Twelve Apostles moral and religious elements, some through local bishops and "stake" Gentiles join the cult for social or presidents. The authority of the business reasons, much as they would join a social or commercial

club or a non-religious fraternity. his successors authority to speak This is one of the menaces of Mor- for God and receive additional monism, for while it is probable revelations. that during recent years the Church has made fewer converts These prophets, seers and revelaoutside Mormon communities than tors have taught and still teach in former years, it is more than that there are many gods, male and probable that it has smothered female, that these gods have bodies, down or won into its membership parts and passions, and that the more of the non-Mormons resident Eternal Father is an exalted man. in Mormon communities than at They also teach that men and gods any time dUring the last genera- are of the same species, men being tion. gods in embryo, and that as God is now, man may be. They teach THE MORMON 'l'EMPLE IN HAWAII Doctrines and SUlljection to Authority that men and women, in order to become gods and goddesses, must Today the peculiar claims and be baptized and married by men peculiar teachings of this peculiar holding the Mormon priesthood cult are being pressed to the utter- and accept the secret vows and most. Some of the teachings are: pledges administered in the Mor- That the so-called Christian Church mon temple. was apostate and that Joseph Smith was called of God to reestab- They teach that polygamy, as lish the only true church of Jesus practiced and endorsed by the Christ; that he was given au- prophets, seers and revelators of thority to add the Book of Mor- the Mormon church, is a divine inmon, the Pearl of Great Price, and stitution and that its discontincertain lucubrations of his own to uance as a practice does not the Scriptures and to transmit to discount its righteousness as a principle.

CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE

Mr. Tie n, a colporteur of the robber chief, Mr. Tien found "Church Village," wondered what himself treated as an honored outrageous demands would be guest. The chief called for tea to made for the ransoming of his dear be served, and himself poured it ones who were captured. Among out, apologizing to the embarrassed them was his niece, a girl of six- colporteur for having brought him teen. so far away from home. "I could Suddenly a mysterious message easily have sent your two children reached him by word of mouth. He back to you but was afraid that was asked to travel alone and un- harm might come to them on the armed to a place among the hills, way," said he. "I am sorry that where further instructions would my men made the mistake they did, be given. Dare he venture on such but they could not tell which were a journey into the heart of bandit- your children."

land? But he believed that God *** could take care of him anywhere, Those responsible for evangel- so shouldering his Bible Society istic work in the Tehchow, Shan- knapsack of gospels he set off for tung mission of the American the hills, selling his books as he Board, do not feel that "the Chi- went along. On approaching the nese Church is floundering around haunt of the desperadoes his cour- lost in a wilderness just because age almost failed, for he noticed the missionary leadership has been that armed men were watching taken away suddenly." The van- him from among the high rocks. ishing of this leadership did make Soon he was challenged with a it difficult for the country church gruff "Who are you?" and he re- members to readjust themselves.

plied, "I am Tien of Church Vil- They even anticipated another lage." "Oh! you've come, have Boxer persecution. The church you?" was the puzzling response. elders were stunned. The Chinese He found himself being passed on leaders, superintendents and Evan- from post to post and described by gelistic Committee quickly made the sentries as the "Poor Ticket." plans for a "tour of explanation."

These robbers always speak of Their purpose was to clear up the their victims as though they were minds of the church members and lottery tickets, and here was one encourage them to seize the new whom they reckoned as a blank. opportunity to show that the Chris- At length Mr. Tien found him- tian Church is already indigenous self in a hill village which re- in China. At first things stood sembled a military camp. It was still. But gradually work has been full of armed men who seemed to resumed in the various stations.

be well disciplined. They dressed Whereas a few years ago the Chi- as soldiers during the daytime and nese thought that the Church was travelled among the villages quite an unimportant element in commu- openly, but at night they appeared nity life, as a result of the present in civilian clothes. agitation it has become a center of Conducted into the presence of popular interest.

656 SETTING THE YOUNG WOMEN classes, picture charts for Sunday- TO WORK school work, Sunday-school papers and cards, sheet music and other articles By MRS. C. K. LIPPARD, Philadelphia, Pa. were also sent from the society with no expense except for postage. Cor- General i1£::e!~igat:r~;:Pi~ri'l!~:~~:t, United In this age of projects and objec- respondence was opened with several tives and feminine activities it is not fields, needs were made known, internearly so hard to enlist workers as in esting information was received and former years. But how to introduce closer ties were formed. Christmas great activity into the society without boxes to which each contributed a losing devotional tone is a problem. gift, followed at the proper time. The society's interest was increased ten A Missionary Postmistress fold. The postmistress and stamp In one socie'ty there was a shy, re- window have become regular features tiring but faithful member who of their organization.

seemed to be losing interest for lack A Fireside Circle of a place in the activities. She could When a Mission Study Class was not sing, speak or pray in public and did not work well on committees. Yet first mentioned it did not appeal to she was earnest and longed for a share the girls of one society. Study was in the great task. Finally we estab- not what they wanted. But when atlished, just for her, the new office of tractive invitations were issued to a "Postmistress." Many women in the Fireside Meeting at one of the attrac- congregation had magazines, books, tive homes with a real fireplace, the music and other articles that they words "missionary" and "study" did were willing to send to the mission not appear, and the girls came. A field, but did not want to take the short chapter from a new study book time and trouble to tie them up. Each was read and discussed, appropriate country seemed to demand a different music was rendered by outside talent, mode of wrapping. The post office and light refreshments were served.

was out of the way so that it was a The girls were eager to come again.

nuisance to send them off. Our mis- Curios, victrola records from different sionary postmistress consented to re- lands, and surprise features were in- ceive all such articles brought to the troduced. Before they knew it they meetings, wrap and mail them, send a were deep in the book, and met in dif- letter with each parcel and read the ferent homes, calling themselves "The replies at subsequent meetings. A Fireside Circle." At the third meet- box called Stamp Window was Bet on ing, the girls themselves suggested the table and each member was asked that the refreshments be dropped, and to put in at least one cent each time the cost contributed to a cause pre- to be used for postage. Our post- sented in the study book. This is the mistress grew so interested in her fourth year of the Fireside Mission work that she called up members re- Study Circle and its membership is minding them to bring their maga- still increasing.

zines. Missionaries thus received Loose leaf notebooks were given to good periodicals regularly only a few one group of girls by a wise leader, weeks late. Hymn books for singing and they jotted down at each meeting 657 4

anything that impressed them or that posted on the Sunday before the meet- was new or interesting. At the end ing, is a good reminder. A bright of a short time each girl was asked to picture poster is best. Personal inlook over her book, take from it the vitations to each member of each class, page that seemed to her the most novel in the fall after the scattering sumor impressive and pin it on the wall. mer months, help new or indifferent A very striking exhibit was the result. ones to feel themselves needed and Posters were then evolved from the welcome. ideas on the notebook pages. A tea or reception, given by the Some Si:mple Devices Women's Missionary Society to all the girls of the Sunday-school or congre- Very simple devices may be used to gation, is a good method of approachtake away monotony from a meeting. ing the subject of a young women's In the room where we meet one of the organization. A short dramatization most helpful pieces of furniture is an may impress the girls with the imold battered screen frame we have portance or desirability of organizing. covered with brown burlap. On this Literature may be distributed at the we pin pictures. One night a strip of same gathering. paper across the top carried the words: "Our Guests of Honor." Be- Literature given out in the Sundaylow were pictures of our missionaries school the Sunday before the meeting and after learning all we could of sometimes will influence a girl to atthem personally the screen was tend. turned around and showed on the reverse side the places in which they A contribution to the regular proworked. gram by the children now and then brings out the mothers. An open Once we entertained some of our meeting or mother's party given by outstanding native Christians in the the children's organization will teach same way. Pictures of babies of all the mothers more about missions than nations covered the screen when we many programs of their own. wished to interest the mothers in Junior Work. Palm leaf fans strewn about the Sunday-school seats one Sunday bore Special projects were brought to the words, "We grew in India. If our members' attention by the old you wish to learn many more interscreen without a word being said. A esting things about that country, atlist of things needed from a certain tend the missionary meeting next field was posted and articles made by Tuesday." Japanese paper fans may our Juniors to be sent to various fields be used in the same way. were pinned on the burlap, making an inspiring display. Phonograph records of songs of mission lands, played in the vestibule Our Musical Evening of the church when the young people were having a social gathering, at- In connection with a musical pro- tracted some to come back the next gram an exhibit of musical instru- night to hear more native music and ments from mission lands and some learn more of the people who produced victrola records of native music added it. missionary interest. A sketchy drawing of a hill with a Project" for Young Women path going up, on which were many stones, drew the attention of the In this age of action, a dead or young women. Each stone was marked passive program will not appeal to the with such obstacles as "loneliness," young. Alert leaders, live programs "foreign language," "non-Christian and real projects must be offered surroundings," one was "few letters them. A separate poster for each from home," one "climate," etc. Begirls' classroom in the Sunday-school, low were the words, "Do you want to help our new missionaries combat the

METHODS FOR WORKERS

obstacles in their pathways? They their teacher for help and she put inhave gone there instead of you and to their hands the best to be had in me." children's missionary story material. The girls had never seen books of this The same drawing can be used to kind. emphasize the difficulties in the path of the new native Christians: super- Being energetic and earnest they stition, ignorance, unbelief, millions did their best to prepare and present of gods, tradition, or some of the un- the material attractively. One, a favorable customs of the country illus- normal school student, used posters, trated. maps and blackboard to illustrate the story. Another began, with the The picture of a clothesline between teacher's help, to collect curios to two posts, with America on one and show. One girl dressed in the cossome mission field on the other, with tume of the country she told about. large squares for washing hanging out made an effective poster. Above At the end of three months, withwere the words, "Is your wash clean, out a word of urging from anyone, or does it look like this?" On the this class organized into a Young clothes were written the words, selfish- Women's Missionary Society. They ness, superiority, prejudice, narrow- also started a missionary museum for ness, uncharitableness. A companion the Sunday-school, which has proved poster read, "The real Christian's of great value. washing looks like this"; clothes were marked-love, friendliness, fellowship, A Novel Sunday-School Picnic brotherhood, charity, kindness, equality. A real clothesline with large The teachers and officers of a cerpieces of white cloth or paper really tain Sunday-school wanted some novel hanging on may be one feature of a kind of an outing to take the place program for young people. The of the regular Sunday-school picnic. changing of the first pieces for those They could not afford to go out of the of the second list can be made very city or to provide elaborate sports. impressive. Another use for a clothes- The outing was to be held in a runline is to hang on it gifts to be sent down tourist camp grove. The misto any field. The line may join the sionary enthusiast recognized an openchurch with the field. ing and suggested "A Trip Around the World." Wha.t One Class Did Each class became a certain country The teacher of an attractive class and decorated its place accordingly. of girls was missionary minded, but The boys built a real straw hut and she seemed to fail entirely in interest- blackened their faces. Several brought ing the girls. After much thought drums, and Africa was the result. and prayer she went to the Sundayschool superintendent and made a The American Indians appeared in proposition. full regalia. Tepees were set up, and a monstrous totem pole, which took "My girls can tell stories beauti- weeks to carve and embellish, was in fully," she said. "I want to ask you evidence. Weird dances were the to use them for missionary story tell- order of the day. ing. Anna tells them best for junior age, and Ella for primaries. Please A pretty booth under a blossoming let them do the story telling for the tree, and hung with lanterns and next few months. Let them take paper umbrellas, where tea and cake turns." were dispensed by girls in bright kimonos, was unmistakably Japan. She arranged that the superintendent himself ask the girls to help in this The biggest surprise of all was a way. They were to choose their own red pagoda built by the men's Bible stories, but' naturally they came to class, of heavy pasteboard boxes, in the Chinese city. A part of the great wall, formed of boxes, fenced them in.

The missionary enthusiast had pre- decorate the Sunday-school room durpared some banners telling of the ing the summer. They were led not work of their denomination in each merely to play at gardening but to field. These were made of unbleached really work. Hours were set for them muslin and waved from the trees of to come during the week to do their the various countries. share.

The hymns chosen by the men, and Their memory verse that day was: sung at the end of that picnic, turned Song of Solomon, 2: 11-12. The theme out to be missionary hymns. Uncon- was "Cooperation with God." sciously they had abSorbed something of missionary information and of the Nothing thrills a boy like a flagmissionary spirit. draped room. At one meeting the whole period was spent on the study Interna.tional Post Office of flags of all nations, their origin and their significance. An admiration A program, beginning from the for and understanding of the flags of postman at our door and working in the world makes for world peace. trains, ships, cables. ocean travel and Flag songs and national anthems the stamps of all nations with games were introduced and explained. Interof travel and post office, will interest national stamps may also be brought very small children as well as the into such a program. larger boys. Stamp collections as well as picture postcards from all na- Surprises for Children tions should be shown. Post deliveries by camel, elephant, man-pulled carts, A new song on a chart turned backoxcarts and aeroplane may be ex- wards until time to sing. plained. Such a program can be made thrilling, but its success is dependent A foreign visitor or some one on the leader. dressed in the costume of some for- eign country. Something to Do A taste of native food. The secret of success in any mis- A rainy-day surprise may be the sionary organization is something for story of the rainy season in Africa or each one to do, and each one doing Japan-tasteless salt, food and clothes something. mouldy, shoes white with mildew, etc. Native umbrellas may be shown. At one children's meeting, when the boys and girls first arrived, they For Older Children rushed with shiny faces up to their leader, asking eagerly, "What are we Larger boys and girls may be intergoing to do today, Miss Fannie?" She ested in debates on such questions as: answered smiling, "You'd never, never guess! It's something just lovely." "Resolved that America cannot do without churches." Their replies gave the key to some of the "just lovely things" they had "Resolved that the church is the done. most important institution in our neighborhood." "Is it writing a letter to India? Taking stamps to the lame boy? Go- "Resolved that Japan needs more ing to the museum to see the Indians? missionaries." Scrap-books? Can't we pack another box? Say, I've got some dandy paste "Resolved that the study of misto mend song books. We could make sions is broadening." those old ones look new to send to Africa! Let's make another play These same themes put in question about Japan. Let's make a poster." form may be used as discussion topics for the group. This time they started a garden to "aise flowers for the sick and also to To Encourage Attendance Banners for attendance may be pre- pared for juniors, primary and kinder- garten groups and allowed in the room only when the attendance is per-

fect. The same plan may be employed They had come to learn how to use the to encourage promptness. programs. They wanted to know For Young Women where their gifts were most needed and how they could be of greatest A special "Thank You Box," large service. They grew each moment more enough to hold any gift offered, may discouraged and bewildered. Some of be placed in the meeting room. When them did not come back. A real op- something unusually pleasant happens portunity was wasted.

to a member, such as a birthday, re- Another leader may do everything covery from an illness, an engagement, beautifully. She may conduct the marriage or the birth of a child, she meeting, lead in prayer, play the may feel free to bring a Thank You piano, sing, provide splendid speakers, gift for some missionary, and place it write to missionaries and teach the in the box. A book received as a gift study class. When she is ill no one and read during the illness, a duplicate dares to take her place. No one thinks wedding or engagement gift, some- that she can do it well enough. And thing not needed for the baby, or a no one feels responsibility. It is her gift especially purchased because of a meeting, not theirs. An opportunity thankful heart, may be the offering. to train in other leaders and to de- At regular intervals the box should velop personal responsibility may be be opened, the gifts sorted and mailed lost by one woman's efficiency.

to any persons decided on by the class Then there is the careless and in- or society. This should in no way be different leader. We can pick her out allowed to interfere with the regular at once. The room is not in order.

thankoffering of money. Nothing is arranged. No one is ap- Siu>ple l>evices pointed to take part in the program till after she arrives at the meeting, Clothes pins make excellent people generally late, and hastily requests to be used in a sand table. They can some one to pick out some hymns and wear almost any costume. Two clothes for pity's sake, one of you look up a pins make a horse and rider, a num- prayer we can read together! A ber of them joined together a camel stranger coming in finds no guide, no train, etc. poster to show in which room the A message of love may be written meeting is held. There is no one to on a kite and it may be let loose to fly play the piano; never of course any away, bearing kindness to anyone special music or surprise feature; no who finds it. While it disappears the one is interested; the meeting drags.

children may recite: The Oooperative Meeting Fly a kite of kindness The best meeting is cooperative. To friends across the sea.

Hindering and Helping These words: "Our society," "our meeting," "our program" explain its .Strange as it may seem a most effi- success. The leader, however efficient cient leader may be a great hindrance. and thoroughly interested, has made Recently we attended an organization each one feel herself indispensable.

meeting where an outsider had been Mrs. Brown hears of a Japanese asked to speak a needed word of en- tourist visiting in the neighborhood couragement. The members were and begs him to come and show his women from moderately comfortable curios and costumes to her society.

homes, none of whom had gone to Mrs. Jones brings her new fern to school for the last two decades. As decorate the table, or a geranium the words "project" and "objective," blooming out of season. Mrs. Smith's "psychological," "efficiency," and "cur- cousin who sings is brought along to riculum" were flung about, a look of give a solo. The president welcomes bewilderment settled on their faces. all these helps even though they do

not always quite fit into the program. "Let us make a Japanese quilt," she "Our society" never lacks variety. smiled. "It's different and more in- . "We" are all so interested. "Our hus- teresting." "Ahs" and "ohs" of asbands" have their regular jobs on tonishment greeted the strange missionary society nights, driving patches. Soon each woman was busy about to gather up women for the filling in the outline with the right meeting. "Our college daughters" colored floss provided. Questions folknow that they must go to the neigh- lowed as naturally as breathing. bors so they can leave their babies and come. Even "our sons" stay at The wise pastor's wife had prepared home with their little sisters and and could answer intelligently. At brothers. Every woman in the con- the end of the meeting the pastor apgregation is expected to be at the peared and on seeing the new quilt meeting. Generally she is there. blocks, offered to bring a book on Japan next time, show them pictures How We Did It of the strange objects and read to them while they sewed. So the first Introducing missions into unmis- wedge of mission study was inserted. sionary churches, and interesting the When the pretty quilt, lined with uniuterested is not an easy task. cherry-blossom pink, was finished, Those who are leaders or workers, or there was little about Japan or miswho have always attended churches sion work there that those women did that recognize missions as a natural not know. part of the church program, feel helpless when confronted by the absolute A quilt full of pagodas, wheelbarignorance of and indifference toward rows, dragons and mandarins folthe subject in many communities. lowed, and it was put together with pale yellow, while China became real Here are a few methods used re- to the sewers. cently by earnest women moving into such communities: A black and white quilt, covered with elephants, oxcarts, hammocks, The opening wedge-Mrs. A. was mud huts and cunning black children a young pastor's wife fresh from a followed, as Christ's love for Africa lively missionary church and over- was impressed upon them. flowing with zeal. She was appalled by the fact that a women's meeting in The pile grew until the sale of the their new parish meant either pre- quilts came under discussion. Do you paring a big dinner or quilting. wonder that the minister's wife smiled Though the church women were in- when one woman suggested that the telligent, they knew nothing of mis- proceeds go to the various fields? sions. Offerings were unknown. That was a real innovation in that Sales and bazaars were the social church. events of the year. Quilts were sold to meet the quota of the congregation. "Why not send the quilts themselves After pondering in silence awhile to the missionaries?" the mission-enthe pastor's wife made her decision. thusiast put it meekly. "It might encourage them to know how inter- "If the women must make quilts, ested we are in their countries and I'll help them make a new kind," she the people there. All missionaries said. need bedding."

When opportunity offered she pro- This led naturally to the letters of duced squares of unbleached muslin thanks and appreciation from the missix by six inches, on which were out- sionaries. The personal touch was an lined strange objects -lotus flowers, accomplished fact and the rest folchrysanthemums, bamboo, jinrikishas, lowed slowly but naturally and instrange looking farmers in umbrella evitably. The church now has its mishats, rice bowls, silkworms, and sionary society and mission study Japanese dolls-each claimed a square. class. None of the women realize just how it came about.

WOlIAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK THE JERUSALEM MEETING prise to discover the will of God for this critical hour. By MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN, New York The three outstanding results to my mind were: We arc still too near the meeting for true perspective or accurate evalu- I. The fellowship experienced on ation. It is, however, quite evident Mount of Olives in the deepest realithat we have witnessed and have par- ties of life, the intimate interpenetraticipated in one of the creative hours tion of mind with mind, of spirit with spirit, across the frontiers of language THE WOMEN DELEGATES FR OM MANY NATIONS AT JERUSALEM of missionary history of the world. and race and communion, the trans- For' one of the really great crises of formation of outlook and the expanmodern missionary history confronts sion of horizon. We experienced the the Christian forces of the world, and great fact of the solidarity of the Jerusalem, 1928, was an honest, de- disciples of Christ, "That they all may vout effort by the representatives of be one." This fellowship developed the responsible leadership of the Prot- through corporate prayer, worship, estant Christian missionary enter- through living, eating, thinking to- 663

gether, 250 of us, representing fifty- where must be a truly missionary one countries. church to express the mind of its Lord, to live vitally, to grow and serve; II. The expression of the common therefore the younger churches must mind of the Council under the guid- share this responsibility with the ance of God, as incorporated in the older churches since it is a cooperafindings. The mornings of the first tive enterprise. week were given to reports by the chairmen of the eight Commissions on III. The richness and depth of the the Surveys prepared before the meet- spiritual life of the Council in its ing. These were followed by forums vitality, its unity and its variety of which brought into the open diver- expression. Our surroundings had, gences or agreements of opinion, new no doubt, much to do with this exmaterial, and varied and rich ex- perience. We lived together for fifperiences of the Christian leadership teen days on the Mount of Olives, the from all over the world. All of this Holy City spread out as a panorama made an excellent preparation for the before us to the west, the Jordan findings groups which were organized Valley and the Dead Sea on the east, around the eight subjects of the sur- to the north was Judea and to the veys, and which met and reported the south Bethlehem and Bethany. The second week. Every delegate was on Wilderness of Temptation lay at our one or more of these findings groups feet. We were constantly reminded of or committees. These findings not the life and death of our Lord. All only gave a restatement of the Chris- these brought back in insistent spirtian message of the Gospel in terms itual recollections the realities and of deep reality, vibrating and real for compulsions of the faith by which we the new generation, reemphasizing are called to live and to serve. the supreme and unique place of Christ, of His life, death and resurrec- On the opening Sunday afternoon, tion as a redemptive act of God, but Bishop MacInnes, of Jerusalem, in the they also expressed for us the com- grounds of the Galilean Church on the pleteness of the Christian message for side of the Mount of Olives gave a deall of life. The findings covered these votional talk on the City of Jerusalem seven other fields: The development which lay spread out before us. On of Christian education on sound edu- Palm Sunday morning he took the concational and spiritual principles to ference on a devotional pilgrimage in meet the growing needs of all ages song and prayer and praise from Bethand groups in the churches all around any along the path our Lord walked or the world; the future of cooperation; rode on His triumphal entry into Jeruthe relationship of the older and salem. Late at night on Maundy younger churches; the type of appeal, Thursday we prayed in the Garden of and the magnitude of the task of the Gethsemane with the moonlight mak- Home Base; the world-wide industrial ing clear the outlines of the olive and rural problems based on sound trees. On Good Friday morning many Christian teaching, economic science walked from the Ecce Homo Church and practical need; the findings on along the Via Dolorosa in devotional interracial relationships, courageous meditation to the Church of the Holy and balanced. All these gave a clear Sepulchre, on the second Saturday we mandate, an expanding program, a went to Bethlehem, to Jericho, the unified world outlook for Protestant banks of the Jordan, where the Christendom. There was evidenced a Saviour was baptized, and to the Dead growing conviction on the part of the Sea. younger churches represented that the missionary task was not the con- In these and other ways the unique cern of the sending churches only, Christian associations of Jerusalem but that the Church of Christ every- wove themselves vitally into our spir- itual experience. We realized as never before that our Lord actually

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

lived our natural life, performed our Ruth Woodsmall, Secretary of Y. W.

natural tasks, walked the crowded C. A. Eastern Mediterranean Federa- streets and highways, and so for us tion; Mrs. George H. Huntington, was broken down forever the partition Chairman of the Near East Commit- between things sacred and things tee of the Y. W. C. A. and wife of the secular. He hallowed all of life for us. Vice-President of Robert College, Another outstanding point of in- Constantinople; Baroness G. W. T.

terest was the contacts and friend- Van Boetzelaer Van Dubbledam of the ships formed among the women dele- Netherlands; Miss B. D. Gibson, as- gates present. At the preceding meet- sistant secretary of the International ing of the International Missionary Missionary Council; Miss M. M.

Council held at Oxford, there were Underhill, associate Editor of the In- five women delegates, at this meeting ternational Review of Missions and there were 42 women delegates, Miss Esther Strong, Assistant Libra- coopted members and secretaries. rian. The women were called together Our own American delegation was twice on their own initiative to dis- a strong one. It included eleven cover in what ways they could give women from the United States and the largest contributions to the dis- one from Canada. There were two cussions and proceedings of the con- women in the English delegation, one ferences, and also to get acquainted from Scotland, one from Switzerland, and to learn something definite about one from the Netherlands, and one the fields, problems and progress of from Germany, Mme. Schlunk, who one another's work. Baroness Van was taken ill .en route and could not Boetzelaer Van Dubbledam was made attend the meeting. chairman of these informal gather- Among the delegates from the ings of the women's group.

Orient were some whose women, at The women were all housed together least, were familiar to us. From in one of the huts, they enjoyed much China, Miss Luella Miner, Dean of informal fellowship there and at the Women of the Shantung Christian morning coffee and afternoon tea University, Tsinan; Mrs. C. C. Chen, hours. While we each had regular Vice-Chairman of the National Y. W. seats in the guest hall of the German C. A. of China and Chairman of the Hospice where our meetings were Board of Directors of the Woman's Christian Medical College of Shang- held, there were no definite places at hai; Miss Pao-Swen Tsing, Founder the tables in the dining hall, each meal and Principal of Fang Girls' College, was like a turn of a kaleidoscope, new Changsha. From India, Miss Eleanor combinations, new tablemates, new ac- McDougall, Principal of the Woman's quaintances resulted. By the middle Christian College, Madras, and Miss of the first week all formality was Tara N. Tilak, social worker from gone and we were a friendly group the University Settlement, Bombay. intent on exchanging views and secur- From Japan, Mrs. Ochinii Kubushiro, ing information from one another. National Secretary of the Woman's Most of the Orientals wore their na- Christian Temperance Union of Japan, tive costumes which added much color and from Korea, Miss Helen Kim, to the gathering.

Dean of Ewha Woman's College, The possibilities of cooperation in Seoul. Some other WOmen notables observing the World's Day of Prayer were Mrs. Mary Grace Forgan, Presi- was presented to the women and there dent of the Woman's Foreign Mission were a general consensus of opinion and Vice-Convener of the Foreign that such participation by Christian Mission Committee of the United Free women everywhere would prove an- Church of Edinburgh; Miss Mary other bond of unity among the Chris- Dingman, Industrial Secretary of the tian women of the world.

World's Y. W. C. A., London; Miss Miss Helen Kim of Korea has con-

sented to prepare the 1929 program suits of the foreign mission enterprise for the World Day of Prayer. than the exhibit of the great lives and The women gave very valuable con- wonderful accomplishments of these tributions through the forums and on Christians who have come out from the findings committees. It was evi- their own faiths and have followed the dent that their contributions were ap- teachings of the Lord Jesus. It is not preciated, for in the reorganization of a new development. When the Com- the Council when the lack of women mittee on the United Study of Foreign members became apparent, the Na- Missions was formed in 1900 we wel- tional Christian Council, which now comed to the platform in Carnegie constitutes the International Mission- Hall, Lilavati Singh, president of the ary Council, was admonished by Dr. first Woman's College in India. We Mott, the reelected Chairman, to see recognized even then the fitness and that this lack was remedied. the ability of Indian women to assume As the question of world-wide co- high positions of leadership. It is no operation was faced and the need ex- new thing to find women of the Orient pressed by the yonger churches for and even in Africa who have given continued help in men and women, "long lives of service worthy to be writ- money, sympathy and prayers from ten with those so marvelously set forth the older or sending churches, the in the Epistle to the Hebrews. It is magnitude of the task ahead pressed especially delightful to be able to an- more and more heavily upon us. The nounce that we have secured as the new areas of life as well as of terri- author and editor of this book, which tory that need to be claimed and in- is to be the climax for our third decade fused with the spirit of Christ, partic- of United Study a popular well-known ularly those areas of industry and in- author, Miss Singmaster. Miss Sing- terracial relations which have been master, who is really Mrs. Lewars, is among the major concerns of our Fed- a member of the Lutheran Church and eration, and the great rural areas of its Woman's Board of Foreign Mis- the world· as .yet but little touched- sions. She has studied mission work these tremendous needs placed over and has met some of the fine repre- against our inadequacy, personal and sentatives who have come to this collective, drove us deeper and deeper country. She will have a wealth of into self-examination, personally and material from all the Boards and will corporately and a profound sense of give the fine literary touch and artistic dependence on the supernatural re- handling which will make it a book for sources of God grew in our hearts. wide circulation and of immense value.

Vomell Delegates and Coopted Members from The Junior book will be written by tlnit~d States and Canada: Miss Helen Calder, Mrs. Seebach, editor of the children's Mrs. R. M. ea vert, Mi.ss Margaret Crutchfipld, magazine of the Lutheran Board. ].[rs. H. E. Goodman, Miss Sara Lyon, Mrs. Here again we have an able writer, 'rhos. Nicholson, Mrs. Harper Sibley (Alte'i'~ one thoroughly qualified to present to boys and girls the lives of boys and IInte), Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, Mrs. Robert Rpeer, )1r8. Chas. W. Williams. ~frs. John R. Mott (Coopted), Mrs. Murray Brooks.

THREE DECADES OF UNITED girls who have made good in their STUDY various countries, and have in their We are happy here to give the an- youth come to know the Boy of Twelve, nouncement for the last book of our who is the model for all boys and girls.

third decade as a United Study Com- As we think over the years and the mittee. The Committee, in conference great writers of our study books we with the Boards, has undertaken to are especially thankful that God has prepare a book for 1930 which will called into this missionary service men give the life stories of our great and women of such eminent ability leaders, Japanese, Chinese, Indian, and that He has allowed us all together African, Korean, and Persian. There to study the work for His cause.- could be no better summing up of re· Mrs. Henry W. Peabody.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND STREET, NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THE PRAYER OF A LONELY Dr. William Pierson Merrill, pas- STUDENT tor of the Brick Presbyterian Church, "Almighty God, our Heavenly Fa- New York City, at an interdenomina- ther, Thou hast made the earth and tional convention of pastors in Ohio the people thereon, white, yellow, red some weeks ago is quoted as having or black, at thy will and they are all said, "If it is just to punish men for good in thy sight. I beseech thee to peace talk in war time, there ought comfort me when I feel like a stran- to be some way of reaching those who ger here; help me to endure perse- indulge in war talk in peace time." cutions ;md scorns, give me wisdom The Ohio Christian News quoting this that I may understand that people said editorially under the caption of whatever complexion are all thy "Peace-time Sedition": children and thou art their Father "Unless 'j¥e really want war, we and Creator."-By a Chinese Student, have no business to talk war-to jug- printed in The Living Church.

gle figures as to comparative strength -to assert that we must have a navy BUILD FRIENDSHIPS FOR NAstrong enough to blow any other navy out of the water. National security TIONAL DEFENSE was never gained by any nation by that method. It is the men who have The National Committee on the talked peace who have brought us Cause and Cure of War has proposed every step of the progress toward a campaign in behalf of the treaty peace that we have been able to make. to renounce war among the Great It is the men who are talking peace Powers. A great movement is sweepto-day who are the real builders of ing over the world to substitute some happiness and security and prosperity form of arbitration for war when disfor America." putes arise between nations. It is the purpose of the Committee to carry Someone has said, "We must plan the news of the Briand-Kellogg nefor peace, and make it as easy as pos- gotiations to as many people as possible to maintain peace, and as stupid sible and to invite them to unite in as possible to wage war." expressions of public opinion support- ing the proposed multilateral treaty And another says, "In time of war renouncing war among the Great the people of a nation bend every en- Powers. (Definitions: A multilateral ergy toward war; in time of peace, treaty is a group treaty signed by all should bend every energy toward several or many nations; a bilateral permanent maintenance of peace." or bi-party treaty is one signed by two nations.) International Relations Publications (15 cents) is a new bibliography pre- The women of the nine organizapared by the World Peace Foundation, tions composing the National Com- 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, Mass.

It lists pUblications of forty-one mittee on the Cause and Cure of War, American organizations, with brief while endeavoring to make a demondescription of each publication, so stration of popular opinion in the that one can quickly get some idea United States, have no desire to ex- of its contents. It is very convenient clude from this campaign other in- for those who want to know what is terested organizations or people. All now available in this field. citizens and all organization!! 1!-,e ~1)..~ 667

vited to cooperate in securing the pas- treaty severally with each other to subsage of the following resolution mit their differences to arbitration and, favoring this proposal, at any kind furthermore, thirty of these nations of representative meeting. have absolutely proscribed war each with the other; and The campaign in behalf of the treaty is not confined to the United WHEREAS, The established policy of States. Twenty-three organizations the United States, as instanced notably in Great Britain have united in a in the Root and Bryan treaties, is peacecommittee to conduct a similar move- ,ful settlement of disputes between our ment there. They will plan their work country and other nations, be it through the summer and make a short, intense campaign in the autumn, be- Resolved, That we welcome the corginning with a great public meeting respondence and negotiations now proin Albert Hall, London. They have ceeding between the Great Powers of invited the Committee on the Cause the world-France, Germany, Great and Cure of War to send representa- Britain, Italy, Japan and the United tives from the United States. to speak States-proposing a multilateral treaty at that meeting. It is probable a proscribing war between themselves and similar great meeting will be held engaging by solemn pledges to find in New York and that British speak- peaceful methods of settling any dispute ers will parti<;ipate. The women of arising, and be it further France and Germany are also beginning to move in the same direction. Resolved, That we hereby pledge to this undertaking our earnest and active WILL YOU HELP? support, and urge this and succeeding administrations of the United States per- sistently to prosecute these negotiations until such a treaty is ratified.

Slogan "BUILD FRIENDSHIPS, NOT WAR- SHIPS, FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE"

The Resolution Plan of. ClUIlpaign (Information to be filled in for each meet- State Conferences ing at which the resolution is passed. At every meeting where the resolution is adopted The National Committee invites the four copies should be attested and two of representatives of the nine organizations these Rhould h~ ~iv(ln to. a committee whnst' of which it is composed to call and to duty it will be to take charge of the resolu- hold a conference in each of the fortytions passed witbin the state by the united eight states for the purpose of spreading organizations. TIle other two should be sent public education concerning the proposto Miss Elizabeth Morris. 1010 Grand Central als, their aim and meaning, and to which Terminal Building. New York City.) a resolution may be presented for adop- tion. Adopted at ……………………. . (State character of meetinl!;) Local Conferences By vote of ….. FOR to ….. AGAINST Regional, county, city, town, village, -or UNANIMOUSLY and rural conferences organized with Town or City …. . . . . .. State ……. . the same aim and by the same methods Date ……. . are earnestly urged. Under auspices of ……………… . Other Organizations ( OrganilZation) Chairman of meeting …………… . Resolutions passed by any organiza- Address ………………………. . tion other than one of the nine which Secretary …………………….. . compose the National Committee, and Address ……………….. , ……. . which have been given into the charge of the state committee, should be treated WHEREAS, The rising tide of public in the same manner. opinion throughout the world favors reason not force, arbitration not battles as Branches the means of settling disputes between nations; and Each of the nine organizations is urged to present this resolution for WHEREAS, World opinion is coming to adoption to each of its branches throughregard war as an obsolete, ineffective out the country. Collectively, the nine and uncivilized instrument of national organizations are urged to secure the policy, albeit the institutions of peace passage of the resolution through as are not yet completely agreed upon nor many other gatherings as possible. fully established but are in the process Churches, clubs, forums, men's luncheon of progressive and successful develop- meetings are suitable fields for the conment; and sideration of the resolution.

WHEREAS, Fifty-six of the sixty-four PASS THE NEWS ON! nations of the world have agreed by

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

History of the Proposal sent broadcast for other nations to con- sider the proposal. The press comment April 6, 1927: The French Minister around the world indicates a surprised of Foreign Affairs, M. Briand, an- sense of shock that a definite, official nounced in a speech that a treaty "out- proposal is actually before mankind de- lawing war" between France and the manding attention, that would "outlaw" United States, as a substitute for the war, that is, make it no longer a legal Root treaty about to expire, would be "instrument," and that would drive na- agreeable to France. tions to find other methods if trouble should arise. A minority in any country June 20, 1927: Public opinion having and a majority in some will surely find vigorously supported the idea in both the plan "preposterously idealistic." A countries he presented an official pro- vision of perpetual peace confronts the posal to the Department of State that world! Will nations be too timid, too France and the United States should distrustful, too ambitious to make it a "renounce war as an instrument of pol- reality? The people alone can answer. icy toward each other" and agree to settle by peaceful means any dispute A Few Quotations arising. "If this generation fails to devise December 28, 1927: Secretary Kellogg means for preventing war, it will desaw a shadow in the background of such serve the disaster which surely will ;)e a treaty: the United States might only visited upon it. Later generations wjJJ go to war with the enemies of France; not be likely to act if we fail."–Calvin therefore he returned a counter propos- Coolidge, President of the United State.•. al that France and the United States join in a proposal to all the principal "Everywhere and always France will powers of the world, viz.: France, Ger- remain in the front ranks of the nations many, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, and to maintain peace."-Aristide Briand, the United States, "to renounce war be- French Minister of Foreign Affairs. tween themselves as an instrument of policy." "Who in Europe does not know that one more war in the West and the civili- January 5, 1928: At this point M. zation of the ages will fall with as great Briand saw a possible difficulty. Fifty- a shock as that of Rome?"-Stanley six nations, members of the League of Baldwin, British Prime Minister, 1926. Nations, have agreed to settle their differences by arbitration and are bound The National Committee to unite in punishing any recalcitrant member that violates its pledge and goes The National Committee on the to war. This has never happened; but Cause and Cure of War is composed it might, and France saw a possible of: conflict in her treaty promises. M. Briand therefore made a counter pro- American Association of University posal: that the six Great Powers should Women. not agree to renounce all war, but only war of aggression. Council of Women for Home Missions. Federation of Women's Boards of For- February 28, 1928: By this date the eign Missions of North America. entire world was watching the conver- General Federation of Women's Clubs. sations with astonished interest, as each National Board of the Young Women's great nation drove the other into broad- Christian Associations. er pronouncements. Secretary Kellogg National Council of Jewish Women. asked why it could be possible to re- National League of Women Voters. nounce war between France and the National Woman's Christian Temper- United States if it were not possible to ance Union. do so among a large number. National Women's Trade Un ion League. March 30, 1928: To this query M. Briand replied with a more specific ex- The national office is 1010 Grand planation: that if a war should break Central Terminal Building, New York out between Czecho-Slovakia and Ger- City. Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt is many, or Jugo-Slavia and Italy the Chairman; Miss Elizabeth Morris is Great Powers, except the United States Executive Secretary. which is not a member of the League, would be expected to unite in bringing (Adapted from announcement by the Na~ punishment upon the belligerent mem- tional Committee on the Cause and Cure of ber that had violated her pledge; but War. For informative material regarding the he added, let the treaty not be confined treaty negotiations apply to the World Peace to the six Great Powers, let it include Foundation, 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, all the chief nations of the world. 1.fa~s" for its pamphlet-30 cents-of' t() thf' National League of Women Voters, 1010 Grand April 20, 1928: The' discussions rest Central Terminal Bldg" New York City for at this point and invitations have been a briefer digest entitled "The Multilateral Treaty"-5 cents.)

ORLD..WlDE

EUROPE G. H. Morrison said that he had al- ways held that the most important "American-European Fellowship" event in the religious life of Scotland in the last seventy years was the visit T HREE organizations which have of Mr. Moody. He spoke of its im- been at work in Europe, chiefly mediate fruits in the conversion of among Russians and Jews, namely, the multitudes, many of them in the prime Christian Testimony to Jews, the of life and youth, and quoted the late Russian Evangelization Society, and Dr. Alexander Whyte of Edinburgh as the American-European Fellowship, having said to him, "In those days have now merged under the title, "The every second man one met in Princes American-European Fellowship for Street was carrying a Bible in his Christian Oneness and Evangeliza- hand." But, said Dr. Morrison, when tion." A number of missionaries and he remembered the work of the Glasnative workers are laboring in Central gow Association and all that had origand Eastern Europe under the au- inated in the inspiring influence of spices of this society, among them be- Mr. Moody, he felt how still more ing Rev. Paul Mishkoff and helpers wonderfully the fruits had remained. in the earthquake zone of Bulgaria; Rev. and Mrs. R. W. Hill and native Patriotic Bulgarian Girls helpers in Roumania; Rev. Charles Lukesh and Miss Edna Kauffman in T HE students in a Methodist mis- Czechoslovakia; Rev. John Koval- sion school for girls in Bulgaria chuck, Fred Stettler and others, in have sent an ardent appeal for Amer- Poland. Rev. A. Dobrinin in Finland ican sympathy, from which the followis editing a magazine which is being ing is quoted: "It is neither fair nor circulated among Russians in twelve right to label Bulgarians as war countries. A number of Bible schools lovers. No one will ever know the in Europe are assisted by this society, unspeakable suffering that Bulgaria which is also stimUlating the distribu- bore through five hundred long years tion of Bibles and evangelical liter- under the Turks. The heart of Amerature. Its headquarters are at 156 ica went out to Armenia but the Bul- Fifth Ave., New York City, under the garian people bore similar treatment care of Rev. Norman J. Smith, with through five centuries. If we have Col. E. N. Sanctuary as sec'y-treas., had wars they were in the name of and Rev. W. S. Hottel, general director freedom from oppressors who forbade and editor of the missionary organ, us to speak our own language or to recently enlarged, The European worship our God. It was only fifty Harvest Field. years ago that Bulgaria became free of the Turkish yoke and in that time Moody'. Memory in Glasgow AT THE annual meeting of the Glas- we feel that we have made wonderful gow United Evangelistic ASljoci- progress. We have had to build from ation, special tribute was paid to nothing and our schools, churches, Dwight L. Moody, whose evangelistic theatres, universities and cities show campaign in Glasgow in 1874 led to what we have done. We do not wish the formation of the Association. Dr. Americans to praise us or condemn us, 670 but we pray that they may understand ;;hree nationalities on the board of how we are struggling to make a directors. Suspicion and prejudice better Bulgaria." had to be fought, with every meeting conducted in three languages. There "Church Concord" in Hungary was in the beginning a constant spirit of criticism and misunderstanding, I r IS reported from Lutheran sources but now after six years some progress that the 200,000 Protestants in has been made. Not only are the Budapest desire to erect a monument women working together, after generto Luther and another to Calvin, the ations of racial hatreds, but they are first to be located in Deak Place in developing a real feeling of affection front of a Lutheran church, and the for each other. other in Calvin Place before a Reformed church. This simple desire of Religious Chaos in Russia Protestants to honor their historic leaders is not to be granted without a T HE chaotic conditions which prefight. An official Roman Catholic body vail in Russian religious life today has protested on the ground that the are reflected in the contradictory charerection of the monuments would be acter of two reports recently received instrumental in disturbing the present from that country. One, given in the state of church concord. According magazine published by the Moody Bible to Neues Leben, published in Czecho- Institute, states: "The All-Russian slovakia, more than thirty per cent of Evangelical Christian Union, of which the population is Protestant, but the Rev. 1. S. Prokhanoff is president, "church concord would long since have has obtained from the Russian Soviet ceased to exist were the Protestants Government the first permit to print but thirty per cent as intolerant as Bibles in the language of the people. the leaders of Catholicism and the Foreign missionaries and foreignhigh clergy." The Catholic Church in printed Bibles are not admitted to the Hungary is very wealthy, possessing country….. The Soviet Government, a vast amount of property, far in ex- which officially recognizes no religion cess of the property of Protestant and no God, has given to the All-Ruschurches. The Catholics explain this sian Evangelical Christian Union a condition by declaring that it is of very fine piece of land in the heart of divine origin. Leningrad, on which to erect a Bible training institution, provided a large Interracial Y. W. C. A. in La.tvia building is erected in a specified time. The Christian Union has already esr ATVIA after the World War pre- tablished a training school for teach- ers, missionaries and preachers, with L sented a complex problem to the a capacity for seventy-five students, but there is a waiting list of more Young Women's Christian Associa- than six hundred." tion. Crossed repeatedly by contending armies during the war, alternately The second, quoting the periodical the posesssion of Russia and Ger- Antireligiosnik, gives the following as many, desperately poor, with so many the aims of the Soyua Bezbozhnikow men killed that the women have had to (Association of the Godless) : serve both as bread-earners and breadmakers, there remained, in addition to (a) The S. B. is to become a massthis depressing material condition, an organization. (b) Thousands of godless interracial hatred that was over- hamlets and villages are to be created. powering. It became increasingly (c) The method of anti-religious propaclear to the Association that, if it was ganda is to be carefully worked out. going to fulfill its great purpose, it (d) A serious anti-religious literature is must serve the Russians and Germans to be called into being and with it a as well as the Latvian people. The group of anti-religious specialists. first step was to put women of the (e) International relations are to be cultivated and confirmed.

AFRICA Christian speakers, the Bible study classes, and, no less, the social, athletic Mission Schools Like Minarets and educational activities pack the As- sociation with eager Egyptians." Mr. K AMIL EFFENDI MANSOUR, an Smith calls the Cairo building "a Egyptian writing on the subject demonstration center from which the of education in his native land, is Association will spread into every quoted in The Congregationalist as large city and provincial capital of saying: Egypt." Two Egyptian secretaries are now being trained in the Unite:! "When the Christian missionaries States and five more in Cairo. The first entered our country the true light work at Alexandria will be resumed of education started to shine upon us. this fall. But we refused in the beginning to go to any Christian school for fear of Abyssinian Boy Preachers having our religious beliefs changed. So for some time only Christian Egyp- THE most encouraging part of the tians profited from the teaching, with work of the United Presbyterian the result that they were able to hold Church in Gorei, Abyssinia, according almost all the government offices until to one correspondent, is "the way the the Moslems began to have more con- boys, large and small, are carrying the fidence in these mission schools, and Gospel to their own people. Every Frisent their boys and girls to them in day afternoon Miss Bayne has her class large numbers. Now they often prefer of juniors out on one of the roads leadthese Christian schools even to gov- ing into Gorei, where a meeting is ernment schools, for they have found held at any house that will welcome out that these schools care more fo r them. Usually the master of the house moral and spiritual instruction, es- is asked to call in his friends, and then pecially the schools for girls. Thus, the boys, ranging from nine to twelve until popular education was introdu~ed years of age, hold their services led by by the Government, these mission Miss Bayne. Immediately after mornschools were like Christian minarets ing service the older boys start out to our country." for an afternoon of preaching. Since the :first of the year the number of Y. M. C. A. Success in Egypt people reached each week has not dropped below three hundred. This I N THE lands where Jesus as a boy past month 1,491 were reached with and man lived and worked-Pales- the Gospel by the Sabbath teams and tine and Egypt-the Y. M. C. A. today this past Sabbath 449 were in the is meeting a great need. "In Egypt, meetings. About twenty boys go out especially," says a recent report, "is in groups of two, three or four. They stalwart manhood being built by the circle the hill, stopping in villages Association in a nation which is where people are willing to listen. weighed down by the blight of illiter- Special centers have developed where acy on ninety-two per cent of its people gather each week." people and by a great gulf in thought between the intelligentsia and the Ba.ptisms in Southern Sudan masses. Under the guidance of Wilbert B. Smith, an American, the Cairo AT MERIDI, one of the stations of Central Y. M. C. A. was launched in .tl.the Church Missionary Society in 1923 in the former palace of His Ex- the Southern Sudan, great rejoicing cellency Nubar Pasha, former prime took place recently, when a large minister of Egypt. In a city which is crowd assembled on the river banks the intellectual center of the Moslem for the first baptismal service, and world, as the seat of Al Azhar Uni- five young men and one woman were versity, the Y. M. C. A.'s free dis- admitted to the church. Before being cussions of religious problems, the actually baptized the converts turned opportunities it offers to hear noted

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to their respective relatives and stated first courses for higher education in- that they were separating themselves troduced in Inanda have been well from all heathen customs, and that at supported. Of the two hundred girls their death they did ~ot wish "medi- enrolled, one quarter take industrial cine" to be put on their graves, or training, twenty-five hours a week; that their bodies should be taken away one quarter are in what would corre· from the Christians. "It is a joy," spond roughly with academic high reports a missionary, "to see such bold school courses; and a half are taking witnessing for Christ." Another the national normal high school train- hopeful sign in this district is the ing. The enrollment has doubled opening in the near future of three since Miss Margaret Walbridge, the new out-schools in villages near, these present principal, took charge. Her to be in charge of three keen Christian specialties are the training of indus- boys. trial teachers, and home economics adapted to the needs of African life.

Native Rites an Obstaele Since she has been at Inanda, the staff THE story of a young African chief, of the industrial department has in- who gave up his chieftainship creased from one native teacher to rather than abandon any of his Chris- five. When Dr. Mabel Carney of tian principles, is told by Dr. Arthur Teachers' College, New York City, L. Piper, Methodist medical mission- visited the Seminary about a year ago, ary in the Belgian Congo, who con- she spoke of it as one of the outstandtinues ; "We have had a tense problem ing educational forces in Africa, esto face in the question of Kwikala, one pecially in its influence on the womanof the rites this Christian chief re- hood of the whole section.

fused to follow, which has been facing South African Conference the native church, the missionaries, and the government officials for two WITH its general subject "The years. It consists in snapping the Reintegration of Native Life on a fingers in a certain way before a chief Christian Basis," the Triennial Genwhen you come near him, or especially eral Missionary Conference of South when you are required to serve him Africa was held at the adjoining infood, or otherwise wait upon him. It stitutions of Lovedale and Fort Hare, shows respect to the chief, but it also Victoria East, Cape ~rovince, from means acknowledging the chief as June 26th to 29th. The opening of the your supreme being. The native discussions was largely in the hands Christians have refused to follow this of speakers who attended the conferlong·established custom, and many ence on Africa held last summer at have been severely punished by their Le Zoute, Belgium, and the closing chiefs for their neglect. Our Chris- debates were led by speakers newly tians insist on the right of religious returned from the International Misliberty, whereas the chiefs insist upon sionary Conference at Jerusalem. The the kwikala. The Government and announcement· of the conference the missionaries, have so far been un- stated; "It is generally recognized able really to settle the problem." that the old social and religious life of the native peoples in South Africa Training Zulu HOD1e Makers is in the process of unbounded dis- integration. The situation is of such THE government director of educa- gravity as calls for, in the words of tion for South Africa has decided Rev. J. H. Oldham, 'an outburst of new to make Inanda Seminary, established forces comparable to the breaking in Zululand by American Board mis- forth of fresh life in the Church, more sionaries sixty years ago, the center for than a century ago, which led to the the first of the experimental stations birth of the missionary societies which in industrial teacher training. The we represent.' "

5

THE NEAR EAST phasized by the concession that the Robert Wilder's New Field imprisonment might take place in the I T HAS been announced in the RE- mission school at Brousa, the three VIEW that Robert P. Wilder who ladies being confined merely to the is best known in the United States grounds of the school." The case has and Great Britain through his rela- been appealed to a higher court, tions with the Student Volunteer where, the state having been complete- Movement, had accepted the position ly secularized in Turkey by constituof Executive Secretary, with head- tional provision since the alleged ofquarters in Cairo, of a new organi- fense at the Brousa school took place, zation' The Christian Council for most people feel that an entirely new Western Asia and Northern Africa. construction may be put upon the Further information about his work whole matter.

will be of interest to Mr. Wilder's Religious Freedom in Palestine many friends: The field of the Council includes the following countries: ONE of the most significant results Morocco, and Mauretania, Algeria, of the British mandate in Pales- Tunisia, Tripolitania, Egypt, the Su- tine is the fact that the British Govdan, Abyssinia, Palestine, Syria, Tur- ernment has passed a law which allows key, Cyprus, Greece, A I ban i a, a Moslem to become a Christian if Yugo-Slavia, Roumania, B u I gar i a, he so desires. During the past six Trans-Caucasia, Iraq, Persia, and years eight or nine Mohammedans Arabia. These lands represent a total have been baptized in Jerusalem, but population of about 135,000,000, of the work among them and the Jews whom approximately 70,000,000 are continue to be difficult. There is as Moslems, nearly all of whom speak yet not much evidence of the beginthe Arabic language. Within this nings of a religious awakening within area is Mecca, the religious center of the Greek Orthodox Church in Pales- Islam, and Cairo, which is the intel- tine. The higher clergy are mostly lectual center of Islam. There are from Greece. The most significant working in this field over one hundred movement is taking place just now Protestant missionary societies, with in a Galilee village where forty Monearly 1,600 missionaries connected hammedan families-about 110 indiwith them. . viduals-are enrolled as enquirers for Christian baptism. Even though con- Verdict of Brous& Conrt siderable land has been offered to them by leading Moslems if they do not T HE trial of the Misses Sanderson, leave Islam, they still persist in main- Day and Jilson, three American taining their purpose to become Chris- Congregational teachers in Turkey, tians. for alleged violations of the law against classroom instruction in re- Persian Schools ReopeJl ligious matters was not only referred T HE new Persian law which, by to in the March REVIEW, but has been forbidding the teaching of the Biwidely reported in the daily papers. ble and requiring the teaching of the The verdict of the lower court, about Moslem law in all schools made the May 1st, was "Guilty" and the pen- carrying on of missionary schools alty was imprisonment for three days practically impossible, was reported in and a fine of three lira each (about the April REVIEW. The Church Mis- $13.00) . sionary Society, which is at work in "There is every evidence," says The southern Persia on terms of close fel- Potters Wheel, "that the judge felt lowship with the American Presby- compelled to take some action on ac- terians in the north, reported later in count of the sentiment aroused. But the spring: "The Minister of Educa- the lightness of the sentence is em- tion responsible for that law has re-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

signed and his successor and those "Near Slavery" in India associated with him are not enforcing it, but instead have stated that from T HIS is the term often applied to June first all schools must give secular the condition of the depressed instruction only, thus excluding the classes in India, of whom The Indian Bible, Koran, and Shari'yat alike. If 'Witness says: "There is, as yet, no it is possible for the Bible to be taught province in India, so far as we are out of school hours, as in Japan, and aware, where their elementary rights for Christian hostels to be carried on, are fully protected. Even where the a strong, clear witness can stilI be intention of the law is to protect these given in the country." Confirmation of classe's from injustice, the processes this more liberal attitude was received of the law are expensive and the preda- by the Presbyterian Board of Foreign tory classes are able to defeat it." Missions when it was informed re- In its annual meetings in 1927 and cently by the Division of Near East- 1928 the United Provinces Christian ern Affairs of the Department of State Council expressed itself as gravely in Washington that mission schools concerned over the relations between in Hamadan and Daulatabad, Persia, the depressed classes and "those who which were closed by order of the have social and economic power over Persian Government, have been reop- them," and asked the National Chris- ened. tian Council to arrange for an inquiry into "the forms of oppression or of INDIA AND SIAM social and economic subservience" un- der which these large sections of the School for Afghan Girls Indian people suffer.

T HE recent visit to Europe of the The wrongs specified as needing in- Amir of Afghanistan and his wife vestigation are forced, underpaid labor, provided a great deal of "copy" for enforced gifts, hindrances to agricultural newspaper reporters, and also gave improvements, bribery, deprival of ten- new zest to the prayers of those who ancy rights, the impossibility of securing for many years have realized that Af- land, serfdom imposed by debts, depriva- ghanistan is still unoccupied by any tion of hereditary rights, denial of water missionary of the Cross. An inter- rights, hindrances to attendance at view reported to have been given by schools and restriction of freedom of the queen while in Brussels to a repre- conscience and religion. sentative of the Chicago Tribune, is thus quoted: "'I am the first woman Wonten's Conference in Lahore in Afghanistan to work for the eman- cipation of the women of my country AN EDUCATIONAL conference held and for women's education,' her maj- ftin the Y. W. C. A. building in esty said. 'I collaborate from afar in Lahore, the capital of the Punjab, is the great work of women's progress thus described by Mrs. John B. Weir: in the world.' The queen explained "It was attended by Indian women, that she had founded the first girls' some of more education and some of school in Afghanistan and told of the less; English women interested in ed- fierce resistance the idea met from old- ucational advancement, and American fashioned Mohammedans. A revolt women, most of them missionaries, ac- broke out, but it was firmly suppressed tually engaged in some form of wom- by the king. A memorial stone at en's work. The chairman was an Kabul commemorates the battle fought English lady. The opening address for women's educational freedom. 'At was given by the Rani of Mandi, that present,' she continued, 'eight hun- is, a princess of a native state. The dred girls are enrolled in this school address was thoughtful and full of and are reared like European girls. the ideas of a new day for women. My mother directs the school and I Resolutions had previously bee n , help her as far as I can.' " brought forward by various people, and the discussion waxed strong on some of them, such as on the question

of the proper marriageable age for to me one day. 'Oh, we are out to girls. I thought back to nine years convert you to Christianity,' said I. ago, when I first came to India. At 'Well you are sure to succeed if you that time such a conference would keep up your zeal and enthusiasm for have been practically impossible." a little longer time,' replied the man. The week was ended by a procession South Indian Mass Movement of the Christians through the main streets of the city. Banners with MUCH has been written of the mass striking verses were made for the oc- movement to Christianity among casion. The non-Christians requested the outcaste people in the territory in us to stop in front of their shops and North India where the American sing Christian bhajans to them." Methodist Episcopal Church is at work. Less is known in the United Unite to Win Bena.res Pilgrims States of a similar movement in South India, concerning which a representa- REPORTS have come from India of tive of the Church Missionary Society an united effort among English writes: "In our area alone 30,000 missionaries to reach Benares pilgrims converts have been won between 1921 with the Gospel. Representatives of and 1927, and 43,000 since 1916. It the Church and the London Missionary took seventy-five years to win the first Societies have joined with a commitfifty thousand, but little more than tee of the Wesleyan Ministers' Misfive years to win the next fifty thou- sionary Union in the determination sand. About half the outcastes in that something effective shall be atthis area have thus been won in the tempted to influence the crowds of last eighty years. The remaining half pilgrims who come to Benares in the probably can be won in the next five search for merit in the temples or years. Under the able leadership of salvation from their sins in "Mother Bishop Azariah the work has been Ganges" water. The first missionary thoroughly organized and Indianized. to lead this new united campaign will Indians are filling posts of a kind be the Rev. J. C. Jackson of the L. M. once reserved for Europeans. A di- S., a man said to be powerful in the vinity school has been opened during vernacular and versed in Hindu ways the last five years. There are nearly and thought. Around him it is hoped 1,000 day schools at work with a total to gather Indian Christian workers of over 21,000 scholars, and in addi- from the various language areas of tion to these 150 night schools have India so that the polyglot crowd of been opened." pilgrims who flock to Benares may hear there "in their own tongue" the A Stirring Week in Ludhia.na. story of a Real Saviour. Benares city has a population of over two hun- THE Punjab Christian Council ap- dred thousand people, not counting pointed a week in the spring for the hundreds of thousands of pilgrims a special evangelistic campaign, pre- who merely pass through. ceded by a week of preparation. The effort made in Ludhiana is thus des- Child Mothers in India. To-da.y cribed by Rev. B. C. Ishwardas in The Indian Standard: "The entire T HERE are already in India, acchurch community was divided into cording to census figures, about fifteen preaching bands. Special care twelve million Indian wives who are was taken that every important lo- under fifteen years of age, about 300,- cality in the city was visited by some 000 being under the age of five. With group or other. Very soon there was so many as twelve million little girls commotion and excitement in the city. in India in the position of becoming 'What has gone wrong with you Chris- mothers, many of whom are mothers, tians?' said a leading Arya Samajist no wonder the Indian race has such

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an uphill battle in life. This is not nese Christian Church looks upon the taking into account the 396,556 Indian anti-Christian movement as a healthwidows who are under fifteen years giving and corrective influence to be old, over fifteen thousand of these be- used for the perfection of her life. ing under five years of age. And She regards, therefore, some of the yet in face of appalling facts like anti-Christian leaders not as her enethese, the All-India Legislative As- mies but as her friends." sembly at Delhi, on March 24th, refused to raise "the age of consent" Loyalty of Chinese Wom.en from twelve years, the low figure at which it has stood for a generation, WRITING two weeks after her rethe age being raised from ten in 1891 turn to Hwai Yuen, Anhwei after a tremendous storm. "This re- Province, Miss H. R. McCurdy said: fusal of the Assembly, supposed to "Such a beautiful welcome was waitrepresent the opinion of the whole of ing for us from Christians and out- India, will unquestionably do India siders alike. The children on the irreparable harm," says the Dnyano- street came running to hold our hands. daya, "in the eyes of the modern world. All of the first few days and much Here is India, or at least its intelli- of the time Bince has been Bpent in gent section, shouting itself hoarse receiving visits and in feasts of welover its rights and privileges in the come. The women came and poured democratic civilization of this twen- out their hearts in telling the history tieth century, and a vote of 54 to 36 of the year's terrors and dangers. But ensuring a continuance of girl-moth- the one dominant note was of praise erhood is received with applause from to God for His goodness in bringing the 'orthodox' portion of the Assem- them safely through …… After seebly." While the bill was pending, the ing the unspeakable filth of the empty Women's Indian Association addressed shells of foreign houses which were to the Assembly a stirring petition, occupied and looted by soldiers, I am urging the abolition of child mother- still more thankful for the courage hood, not only in order to give India and loyalty of Miss Liu and Mrs. Ling her place among civilized nations, but which enabled us to live again in our also the custom was not sanctioned perfectly preserved home. When I by the Vedas. tried to thank them they answered, 'But this is God's grace alone. We CHINA AND TIBET could not have done it otherwise. Were not many people praying for us? Enemies Friends in Disguise Was not the church in America pray- ing for us?' " DR. CHENG CHING YI, moderator of the new united Church of Ohinese Church Autonomy Christ in China, is quoted in The Congregationalist as follows: "In gen- REPORTS from the missions of vaeral, the attitude of the Chinese rious denominations in China in- Church at large is somewhat as fol- dicate the increased control which is lows: Toward those who oppose her being taken over by the Chinese Chriswith unreasoning blindness and sheer tians. At the General Synod meeting prejudice, she maintains a silent and of the Protestant Episcopal Church patient forbearance; to those who at- in Shanghai there were twelve bishtack her because of misunderstanding, ops, two of them Chinese, and sixtyshe seeks to explain her position and six clerical and lay del ega t e s, remove the misunderstanding; such fifty-five Chinese. Eight delegates charges against organized Christian- were women, five Chinese and three ity as are well-founded and true, she foreign. The House of Deputies had frankly admits and sets about to re- a Chinese chairman and secretary, for move by effecting the necessary change the first time, and it is said that this and improvement. In short, the Chi-

demonstration of Chinese leadership in perfect peace and quietness, and in the excellent handling of business has given us to see the largest fruitwas one of the achievements of the age of all our years of labor among synod. Following the announcement the aborigines in southwest China." He describes the first baptisms among of independence by the Chinese Bap- this tribe in the district. For several months previously, two evangelists, tists in South China came the action Isaac and Paul, assisted by another part-time helper named John, who is in West China by which the control an expert Lahu speaker, had been ex- amining the candidates for baptism of the American Baptist Mission there and enrolling their names. Every per- son was given a separate examination was taken over by the Chinese on May as to his faith in Christ, and also 1st. Rev. Joseph Taylor, D.D., of inquiry was made as to his conduct Chengtu reports: during the year and a half he had been a Christian. Each person was given In each central station an executive a ticket after his or her baptism had been decided upon. In all 347 people committee was formed to take over the were baptized and a church was or- ganized. work and the funds. In stations where Distributing Chinese Testameab missionaries remained at least one was GEORGE T. B. DAVIS, who has included in this executive body. These been conducting the "Million Tes- taments for China Campaign," reports committees have undertaken their work that, in spite of civil war, lack of transportation facilities, anti-Chrisin a spirit of loyalty and with a keen tian propaganda, and the absence of sense of responsibility. ' many missionaries, the work of cir- culating the Testaments has gone Developing La,. Leadership steadily forward. Thus far over 600,- 000 have been sent to missionaries, REV. RICHARD E. JENNESS, pastors, and other workers for wise Presbyterian missionary, has and careful distribution. Hermann been staying in Paoting, North China, Becker, of Hunan Province, previously during his enforced absence from his requested 8,000 Testaments for his own station, Shunteh. During the large district with 1,500,000 populawinter he and' a fellow-missionary vis- tion. Now he desires 25,000 copies. ited their former country field, of He writes: which he reports: "The country Christians welcomed us cordially ev- The first 1,000 Testaments have been erywhere. As a new departure the given away in this city. The blessing country evangelists have been organ- received far exceeds our expectations. ized into an evangelistic band under The Christians are more than ever readthe leadership of Pastor Liu. This ing their Bibles. Our meetings are full band goes about from town to town of those who are wanting to learn more and from village to village, spending about Christ. Many have decided for a week or two in each place holding Christ, and have given their names as evangelistic services. In the centers inquirers. When we have received more where they used to be permanently Testaments, we shall start at our eleven located, the local Christians have as- out-stations. sumed responsibility for the Sunday and mid-week services, taking turn When the soldiers had to retreat, they about in leading. Thus we are trying forced the people to carry their goods. to develop lay leaders and preachers. One of the Christians were taken. He The people are responding well to this said: "I am a Christian." The soldiers plan." A class was ,held for a month said: "How can you prove it?" He took early in the year for the training of his small Testament out of his pocket those preachers. and the soldiers let him go.

BaptisDls ADlong the Lahu T HE China Inland Mission in Yun- nan Province have been carrying on work among the Lahu people, of which Rev. Carl G. Gowman writes: "God in His goodness and grace has allowed the work here to go forward

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Lutheran Church in China patrons. 'Christians give fair meas- AT PRESENT a chain of eighteen ure when you buy of them,' the barber clinched his argument. And the misi'l.Lutheran missions extends from sionary, who had thought that he alone Kwangtung in the south, through the would have a good word to say for central provinces of Hunan, Hupeh and his faith found instead that everyone Honan to Shangtung in the north- excepting the man who started the east, where the former North Berlin, discussion had a hearty respect for now the United Lutheran Church Mis- Christianity as he had seen it pracsion is located. Manchuria is the field ticed in Japan." of the Danish Mission Society. Of these eighteen missions, four are German, two Swedish, three Norwegian, Value of a. One-Sen Book A one Finnish, one Danish, and seven LETTER received recently by Rev. D. Norman, missionary of the American. (In this enumeration, the missions from Germany, Sweden and United Church of Canada in Nagano, Norway that are affiliated with the Japan, told the following story: "One China Inland Mission are not in-· day I saw you and others preaching cluded.) After many years of prepar- on the main street of the city. Though atory work, in 1920 a confederation I hate Christianity, my heart was filled of five mission synods was effected. with wonder at your zeal. You asked Thus was organized "The Lutheran the people to buy gospels at one sen Church of China." Other mission syn- a copy. I bought a copy of Matthew.

ods joined later or have indicated their Next evening I bought Mark and Luke.

desire so to do. An organization has I said to myself: 'Surely there must thus been established which gives the be something in it, he stands there Chinese Lutheran Church an oppor- night after night with smiling face tunity to function, both in regard to and offers us the books and his reli- self-government and self-support. The gion. It cannot be for the sake of a total number of baptized adherents few sen. He comes from a far-off is about 52,000. land.' These three ideas remained in my mind as I read the books-a for- JAPAN-KOREA eigner with a smiling face, a scholar In a Japanese Barber Shop from a far-off land, and a book for ACONVERSATION among the cus- one sen. It was the turning point in tomers waiting their turn in a my life. I entered the better and barber shop in a Japanese city, is thus happier Christian way."

reported by a missionary who was one of them: "Someone began a tirade Japanese WO:mCll in Politics O against Christianity. No true Japa- NE point of view of the "new wom- en" in Japan is shown in these nese could follow a foreign religion like that; no one who respected the statements quoted from Japanese Emperor could adopt a religion which newspapers: Madame Yoshioka says: put another allegiance ahead of every "Men fail in governing the country patriot's duty to the ruler of Japan. because they are impractical. Women, Besides, everyone knew that this re- on the other hand, have a practical ligion was only a cloak for Western outlook on life and try to solve its imperialism. A protesting Japanese problems accordingly. As long as the voice interrupted and asked him where affairs of our country are administered he got his information. A second by men, real prosperity can never be joined in with what he knew to the realized. We women hope to do our credit of Christians. The barber added share when the time comes to lead his tale of the Buddhist merchant who our country to the right road that added the weight of his thumb to the leads to happiness." Madame Hideko goods he was weighing out for his Inouye, president of the Japan Wom-

en's University, Tokyo, who is also good looks, with one stiff hand but head of its alumnlE association with no other deformity, appeared at the two thousand members, agrees with missionary's door to say that he was Madame Wakako Yamada that all po- that man on his way back home, and litical actions should have for their that he stopped en route to express direct object the properity and hap- his gratitude. He drew down his piness of the entire nation. Accord- stockings to show where the numer- ingly, immediate problems of life, ous ulcers had been, now only scars.

such as the price of commodities and No ordinary observer would suspect excise taxes, must be settled in such that he had ever been a leper. He a way that the prosperity of the peo- said: "Not only for the healing of ple is guaranteed. my body am I thankful, but I found the Saviour at the asylum, am cleansed Bibles for Oriental Travelers from sin as well, and am returning AT THE request of Samuel R. Boggs, home to teach all the lepers I meet f t then president of the National how to be cured, and to tell my people Gideons Association, Rev. M. L. Swine- of the Gospel."-Record of Christian hart, Southern Methodist missionary Work.

in Kwangju, Korea, undertook to di- rect a campaign in Japan and China Korean Fasting Societies F looking to· the placing of Bibles in RESH proof of the devotion of Ko- rean Christians is found in the the guest rooms of hotels. As a result of this campaign 2,000 Bibles, about story of an American Methodist mis- half in English and the balance in sionary in Yengpyen, who tells how Japanese and Korean, have been placed some five years ago the Christians in the guest rooms of these hotels. there organized fasting bands all over These cost an average of $1.00 each. the district, and each Sunday noon Capt. Robert Dollar, president of the they fast and pray for the boys'

Dollar Steamship Line, is very much school. He continues: "To-day when interested in this work, and in addi- the time comes for the collection they tion to placing a Bible in each cabin bring forth the little bags represent- of his fleet of steamers, he provides ing the rice they would otherwise have free transportation for all Bibles sent eaten that noon. That rice goes into to the Orient, and recently urged that the box in the corner, and when the a campaign in the Orient, the Straits box is filled it is sold and the proceeds 'Settlement and the Near East be un- go to help pay the expenses of the dertaken, to which he agreed to make school . . . . . . Fasting societies are all a very substantial contribution. Mr. too common in Korea. In a land where Swinehart says that Capt. Dollar re- the average farm is less than three ports an average of twelve Bibles lost acres per family and where ninety per on each of the round-the-world trips cent of the people live by farming, of his steamers, but he would be glad money is not plentiful. And so when to replace everyone each trip, for, a new church is to be erected or an he says, "Anyone who steals a Bible old one repaired or when a new school wants it, and that is what I place them is needed, the local Christians are al- in the cabins of my ships for." most sure to adopt the plan of fasting one meal a week to help raise the A Leper Doubly Cleansed needed funds."

T WO years ago a horribly dirty leper came to a missionary's door at Korean "Church Rice Bags" R Chungju, Korea, asking alms. He re- EV. CHARLES A. SAUER, Meth- odist Episcopal missionary in ceived travel expenses and a letter of introduction-containing a promisory Yengpyen, Korea, writes of a report note—to the leper asylum at Kwangju. received from a Korean district sup- Recently a clean Korean of average erintendent: "He mentions one poor

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circuit as having made an increase other extreme and eliminating alto- in its annual contribution for min- gether the religious idea from the isterial support as well as benevol- curriculum. There should have been ences. I wonder how they can do it. provided a method of transition . . .

But he explains. At each home the The change to purely secular educa- mother places on the wall a bag tion was too sudden . . . As a result marked with her name. Each day as . . . the mistaken impression prevails she prepares the daily meals she takes that the American people are not re- from the bowl of rice normally allotted ligious-a nation indifferent to Chris- to each person one spoonful of un- tianity."

cooked rice which goes into that bag on the wall. On Sunday morning that Two Filipinos' Offering bag goes to church and finds its place T WO men, members of the church in the 'collection' box near the door. in the town of Bay, Laguna, in the It is the contribution of her family Philippines, recently visited a Presand herself for the support of the byterian missionary, who writes of church-taken from the food they them: "The church in their town has would otherwise have eaten. The rice become scattered and broken up, due is later sold and the bag returned to to the falling into sin of the president its place on Monday morning for its of the congregation. No services have daily portions throughout another been held for more than a year. But week. The church treasurer credits these two men have never forgotten each with the proceeds of its 'contri- their privileges and obligations. They bution.' " have read their Bibles in their homes ISLANDS OF THE SEA and they have had their family prayers. Every year they have Need of Filipino Students brought some little offering to the writer, to express their interest in I N EMPHASIZING the importance the work of Christ's Church. They in the Philippines of student hos- are poor men, day laborers, dependent tels and other centers under evan- on their scant wage for the support gelical auspices, Rev. J. L. Underwood of themselves and their families. But quotes the following from a speech by here they came, each with a package Dean Bocobo, of the Law School in wrapped up in newspaper. Oneman's Manila: "The Filipino is losing his offering amounted to $7.50 and that faith in God. In spite of the fanati- of the other to $9. That may not seem cism and superstition which enslaved much to friends at home. But most the Filipino conscience during the church members with regular services Spanish regime, it is undeniable that and the stimulus of constant preachhe believed in the eternal truth of ing and organized life, give less an- Christian principles, and he ordered nually than the smaller amount for his life accordingly . .. But just as the Church as a whole. I knew the the Filipino was blinded by the dark- sacrifice represented the times when ness of ecclesiastical dogma under they must have been sorely tempted Spanish rule, he is also spiritually to go to the place of the little saving blinded by the dazzling light of new for something for the family needs." ideas under the American regime. One of the main causes for present irreverence is the bungling and illadvised policy of proscribing God Honolulu Y. W. C. A. Service H from the public schools. When the ONOLULU has a Young Women's Christian Association that serves principle of freedom of worship was inaugurated and the American Gov- girls of twelve nationalities. A series ernment first laid down its educational of "at homes" at which girls of each policies here, the great blunder was nationality were in turn hostesses was made Of suddenly swinging to the a recent feature. Honolulu has be-

come so Americanized that its Y. W. Denominations Communicants Gains C. A. is a typical big-city Association corresponding to one in New York Roman Catholic … 16,735,691 174,889 or Chicago says Miss Lucie Ford, its Methodist Episcopal 4,592,004 46,138 General Secretary. Six thousand people use the building monthly. The Southern Baptist.. 3,765,001 57,478 new building is an imposing one with its pool, terraces, and loggias, set in National B a p ti s t a picturesque setting of palm and cocoanut trees opposite the Palace. (Col.) ……… 3,253,369 d57,600 Girl stowaways from the United Methodist Episcopal, States not infrequently come to find work in Honolulu on their way around South …•…… 2,567,962 29,651 the world. Miss Ford said recently: Presbyterian, U. S. "Two such girls were Stanford University graduates. They finally got A…………. . 1,885,727 17,672 work after long looking and borrow- Disciples of Christ ing money. Our own girls, however, 1,481,376 44,801 feel a little resentful toward girls of Northern Baptist .. 1,392,820 18,132 this type. It does not seem fair to Protestant Episcopal 1,190,938 beat one's Wqy and then expect help Congregationalists . 17,259 because of the spectacular method." 914,698 NORTH AMERICA T"Completing the Reformation" HIS is the slogan adopted for its Church Membership Gains official declaration by the General Committee of the Men's Church League ALTHOUGH it was reported earlier of the United States and Canada at its annual meeting on June 15, 1928. .tl. that 3,269 Presbyterian churches, This declaration reads: "The supreme need of twentieth century Christianity 3,474 Baptist churches, 1,841 Congre- is personal devotion to Christ, togational churches, and 4,651 Meth- gether with full participation by lay odist Episcopal churches failed to re- members of the Church in all of its port a single convert on profession of plans and work. The Reformation faith in 1927, the church census pre- made history through its insistence pared by Dr. H. K. Carroll and pub- upon every Christian's direct access lished in The Christian Herald shows by faith to God in Christ. The work that the churches of the United States begun by the Reformation can be comgained 573,723 members last year, pleted only by the recognition of permaking the total number of communi- sonal responsibility by each Christian cants 48,594,163. The 1927 gain is to carry out the commission and prolarger than that in 1926, when, ac- gram of Christ. The community, the cording to this census, the increase nation and the world wait for laymen was about 490,000. The returns for to be such Christians as reveal Christ ministers and churches in the various to others and thus enable Him to bedenominations, says Dr. Carroll, show come the Saviour of the world . . . noteworthy decreases. There is a net We declare ourselves unqualifiedly in loss of 1,387 in the number of min- favor of visitation evangelism. With isters, which now stands at 217,204, equal emphasis, we urge that the while the number of churches has de- largest possible number of church creased to 235,991- or 1,470 fewer members be organized into small disthan last year. "This," he says, trict groups to cultivate intensively a "would indicate that the process of limited area." consolidation is assuming larger proportions." Dr. Carroll's table of the Conference of New Missionaries ten largest bodies follows, the Colored Baptists showing a decrease: T HE spirit of oneness in Christ, which was so in evidence at the Jerusalem meeting of the Interna- tional Missionary Council, found fresh expression which holds great hope for the Church of the future in a conference of newly-appointed mis- sionaries, held on the campus of Princeton Theological Seminary from

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June 5th to 10th. This gathering offerings to the Presbyterian Hos- had been arranged for by the Boards pital, San Juan, Porto Rico. The of Foreign Missions of the· Presby- children in a neighborhood house that terian Church in the U. S. A., the reaches mainly Jewish boys and girls Methodist Episcopal Church and the are helping an Indian and a Chinese Reformed Church in America, and the boy through school."

American Baptist Foreign Mission- ary Society. Leading board secre- Problems of Indian Youth taries and returned missionaries of T HE problems of American-born these four denominations were pres- Japanese young people were reent as presiding officers and speakers, ferred to in the July REVIEW. Anand a daily vesper service was con- other American citizen in difficulty ducted by Rev. J. Ross Stevenson, because of his relationship with two D.D., President of Princeton Sem- civilizations is the Indian youth, who inary. Two hours of each day were stands between the old civilization of given to a course in phonetics as a his parents and the new civilization of general preparation for language the white man, and belongs to neither. study. The new missionaries present, In the school he has gone ahead learnforty-five of whom were Presby- ing new things about which his terians, eleven Baptists, ten Method- family does not even dream. He longs ists, and three Reformed, were under to go forward to accomplish his share appointment to Africa, China, India, in this marvelous new life that is Japan, Korea, Latin America includ- opening before him. And yet, he has ing Brazil, Chile and Mexico, Persia, been taught to reverence the tradi- Siam, and Syria. tions and the wisdom of his ancestors.

What is he to do? Education has Children'. Gift.. to Others brought to the Indian young people T HE following incidents, reported new ambitions and new opportunities, by the Presbyterian Board of Na- and every year graduates from the more advanced schools are going back tional Missions, show how the founda- to the Indian country as teachers, nurses, home builders. Others are gotions of interracial friendship, as well ing out into the white communities to as of Christian generosity, are being earn a livelihood at the same jobs laid in some of the schools conducted and on the same footing as their white by that board: "When their 'Jesus neighbors. They are building new re- Bank' was opened and the boys and sources within themselves, new indegirls of Haines House, Alaska, found pendence, new hope. Some mission ten dollars in it, they immediately stations are becoming interested in asked that this go to the little Chinese community programs for the young children in Ming Quong Home, Oak- Indians on the reservations. This land, Calif., of whom their house- means a new and wholesome social mother had told them after her visit life for returned students and young there. The Friendly Indian Club of married couples. the Chemawa Indian Government School, Salem, Oregon, by saving their dues of one cent a week, accumulated nearly two dollars which Nine Fa.cts About Mormonism T they agreed should go as a Christmas HE Utah Gospel Mission sum- marizes as follows the conditions gift to some Indian boy less fortunate than they. After due deliberation in one home mission field: they decided to send this to a Navajo (1) There are now over 600,000 Mor- boy at Ganado Mission. The Junior mons, of the two main kinds–about Christian Endeavor Society at Chacon, equally dangerous. (2) About 122,000 New Mexico, composed of boys ~nd square miles of territory are dominated girls of Spanish descent, send their by Utah Mormonism, besides many smaller centers elsewhere, into which

they spread. (3) Utah Mormonism has president of the Seminary of Rio over 2,000 emissaries out proselyting, Piedras, and Dr. J. W. Harris, presiorganized with officers in eleven districts dent of 'the Polytechnic Institute, are of this country and several across the members of the presbytery, but enwater. (4) These emissaries teach un- gaged in educational work entirely. true and often wicked doctrines, all contrary to the Bible and reason, and dan- The Trinidad Mission Jubilee gerous in their effects. (5) They get approximately 10,000 proselytes from SIXTY years ago the Canadian our present or past church members, Presbyterian Church began work yearly, doing each one perhaps irrepar- in the island of Trinidad, just north able damage. (6) Mormonism has of the coast of South America. Todoubled in twenty-nve years; largely day, there are twenty-three missionbeca,use we have not taken care of our aries, fifty-eight Indian Christian own people and others by informing workers and twelve organized churches them as we could easily have done. with 2,024 communicants. In the 106 (7) The only real cure is teaching the Sunday-schools there are 5,568 pupils Mormon people the true gospel and Bible and in the 78 day-schools there are beliefs in place of their system of errors; 18,768 pupils. They also conduct two and outside, warning everybody intelli- high schools, a teacher training colgently about Mormonism as a false re- lege and a theological seminary with ligion. (8) Mormons are trained twenty-nine students. The Gospel is against attending Christian church serv- preached in over 100 places every ices, and they cannot be evangelized by Sunday and there is a Protestant ordinary methods, as has been proven by Christian community numbering about sixty years of, such effort. (9) Hence 10,000. The total population numthe necessity of a traveling work like bers three hundred and eighty thouours, taking the message to the homes by sand and is composed of English, voice and print. French, Spanish, Portuguese, Creoles, Mulattos, Negroes, East Indians (130,- LATIN AMERICA 000) and Chinese. Over half the population are Hindus or Moham- Devolution in Porto Rico medans and practice these religions. The Jubilee of the mission was cele- WITH the retirement of Rev. brated in January. Dr. James Edi- Arthur James from active service cott, the Moderator of the United in Porto Rico in April, began what is Church of Canada, was present and called by Women and Missions "one recalled the history of the noble work of the most significant phases of done by the pioneers. The work of Protestant work on the Island." the Canadian Church is mostly among Henceforth entire responsibility for the East Indian population and in the promotion and administration of spite of very inadequate forces and the work of the Presbytery of Porto equipment has been remarkably suc- Rico will rest in the hands of native cessful. Porto Rican pastors. This may be looked upon as the consummation of Veteran Mexican Pastor a policy adopted when the work was begun thirty years ago. At that time REV. J. P. HANSON writes from the supervision as well as a larger the Methodist Episcopal Mission part of the pastoral work was carried in Mexico City: "Our old war-horse, by missionaries sent by the board Rev. Lorenzo Martines of the Matafrom the North, but as native min- moros circuit, now nearing the age of isters, trained under their supervision, seventy, who never fails to meet an showed ability to assume leadership, appointment on his wide field, though man after man was withdrawn and at times he trudges many a weary responsibility placed upon Porto Rican mile on foot, has taken upon himself pastors. Mr. James is the last of these, and is succeeded by Rev. Angel Archilla, pastor of the Central Church in Mayaguez. The thirty mission centers are now in charge of native pastors. Dr. James A. McAllister,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the pastorate of Don Roque and all;lo the mission. In one of them, Medelhas opened a night school there, in lin, where Rev. and Mrs. Thomas E. addition to all his other work. What Barber have been since 1910, the will this man be doing next? His church is now independent of the circuit is as large as three counties mission. Mr. Barber has worked hard in the state of Pennsylvania, yet he for this result. The pastor, a Porto takes this added burden simply be- Rican, and his wife have taken hold cause there are not enough workers to well. The attendance and offerings go around and he makes no complaint have kept on growing. Mr. Barber is about it. If we had a dozen Don often called on for advice, and to at- Lorenzos, how we could win a hundred tend their official meetings. The new towns for Jesus Christ." This Medellin church is a working church, is an illustration of the fact that the with societies for men and women, present force of Mexican pastors, boys and girls. All are working tosacrificing and devoted though they ward the establishment of an old peoare, is far too small to begin to cope ple's home, a hospital and dispensary with the need of Mexico for Christian and an orphanage. In all Colombia ministers in 1928. there is no Protestant hospital, no real dispensary and no orphanage. Land GuateD1a1an Preacher's Peril was purchased in January last for a long-desired Bible training school and MISSIONARIES in Guatemala re- theological seminary. port that almost everywhere the presentation of the Gospel is received The Open Door in Brazil with growing respect, or at least passive tolerance, but occasionally there SPEAKING at the annual meeting is a story like the following: "Ber- in London of the Evangelical nardino Ramirez tells of wonderful Union of South America, Harry meetings in which one man rose to Briault, representative of the Union confess how he had planned to kill in Campina Grande, North Brazil, Bernardino and had several times been said: "The doors of Brazil are open frustrated in his plan. Once, he was today to the Gospel, and we would just drawing his gun on him from that the Christian Church might ambush when a woman passed in be- awaken to its wonderful opportunity. tween and he dared not shoot. An- For we know not when the doors may other time he was about to draw when close again. It is a miracle that they Bernardino spied him and, wheeling, are still open. About three years ago greeted him warmly and began to talk there was a proposition before the to him of the Gospel, wholly ignorant Government of Brazil to reform the of the man's evil intentions. This so constitution of that country, and one disarmed the man that he could not clause in the proposed constitution continue with his plan that day. Up- would have united the Catholic Church on his conversion he confessed all to with the State. While that measure the astounded Bernardino, who praises was being debated in the Senate the God for His divine protection from Catholics became very bold. They unseen dangers and for transforming said to us as we walked along the enemies into friends and brothers." street, 'You wait until that law is passed. Then we will do away with Church Progress in ColoD1bia your believers. We will put an end to this Gospel business. We will pull T HE Presbyterian Church (U. S. down your churches.' But that meas- A.) is the only Protestant denomi- ure was defeated in what is nominally nation at work in Colombia, which is a Catholic country. To us it was a. the third largest republic in South miracle for which we praise God." America. There are four stations in

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The New Africa. Donald Fraser. Pp. sition of educational missions, from xiv, 207, map. $1. New York. 1928. the rude bush school, through the This volume, was prepared for the higher literary work done-though, British United Council for Missionary with rare exceptions, African Mis- Education last year, the American edi- sions do not go very far in their tion differing from it in certain addi- school work. Its adaptation to the tions relating to American contacts needs of the home, of Government, with Africa. and in training Negroes as teachers In his opening chapter Dr. Fraser completes this section. Distinctive tells us of the rapid changes in Afri- problems of contact with the popUlacan life, due largely to the youthful- tions involved, the gradual disintegraness of Africa; then he explains why tion which is in slow process, land Africa has not grown up; and next tenures, and labor difficulties are well follows an account of African peoples opened up for general readers. and their communal life and village social 0 r g ani z at ion, the chapter The volume closes with Dr. Fraser's concluding with a strong setting setting forth of "Christ the Key" to of the effect upon Africans of the in- Africa's problems of cooperation and dividualistic forces of Western con- equality. One of the closing paratacts. The faiths of Africa are then graphs reads: "For 'the depressed explained for us,-their underlying re- barbarian, for the aspiring African, ligious character, their animistic be- for the pushful white man, there is lief in immortality, spirit worship and but one law which makes for the magic. Islam is too briefly mentioned, blending of races and the forces that -Africa's impending religious prob- are in them, and that is the law of lem. Jesus Christ. To burst the prison gates of magic, to steady surging, The penetration of Africa by Gov- ambitious life, to lay the 'firm foundaernments, Commerce, and Colonization interprets the present situation tions and build the walls of a true to those interested in the help and remaking of the continent. Perhaps the civilization, there is but one compe- tent power, and that is the spirit of Jesus." H. P. BEACH.

most important section deals with that India in 1926-27. By J. Coatman. Illus., portion of the continent called White maps, pp. xvi, 377. New York: Brit- Man's Africa, and the special prob- ish Library of Information, 5 East lems arising from that particular con- 45th St. 1928. $1.

tact. The five remaining chapters are Every India missionary should have devoted to the history of the Church at hand for reference purposes at in Africa, its modes of more brotherly least two issues of the British Gov- contact and its salvatory efforts. How ernment dealing with India: the first Christianity affects the family, indus- volume of the "Census of India" pub- trial, agricultural and health life of lished in decennial years, (the latest the Negro also shows us in detail what 1921,) and this latest annual volume Mission work is accomplishing there. prepared for the English Parliament.

Chapter VI is given to a fuller expo- The census volume is as far re- 686

BOOKS WORTH READING

moved from our conception of census and the frankly revolutionary organreports-except of the Philippine Islands-as a novel is from a mass of ization of M. N. Roy. statistics. The volume prepared by Mr. Coatman in an encyclopredia of the Scores of other scarcely less im- Indian Empire, for 1926-27. portant themes are here presented, In that year the leading problem was the relation between Hindus and and are readily found because of the Moslems. The latter, numbering almost sixty-nine millions, are in con- full index. Half-tone illustrations, stant friction with their Hindu neighbors who are more than three times graphs, and maps add to the value of as numerous. The old antagonism has shown itself recently in riots and this reference volume. Though no excesses greater than have been known in years; but few missionaries reference is made to missionary work, have taken pains to get at the root difficulty between the two parties. the intimate relation of the enter- This volume gives much light upon that question in the address of Viceroy prise to social and philanthropic wel- Irwin, who regards this antagonism as "clearly the dominant issue in In- fare makes such a volume of great dian life." Animosity seems to be due to disputes about playing Indian value. H. P. BEACH. music in the neighborhood of Mohammedan mosques, and in connection Barak, The Diary of a Donkey-A True with other celebrations of the two Story of Missionary Life and Travel. communities. But in reality the root Fred H. Easton. 90 pp. London. difficulty lies in the 1919 Reforms, 1927. which gave India a government of democratic type, with the powerful A little book written by a C. I. M. central doctrine of government by missionary of the second generation majorities, precipitating a struggle which merits a long review. The scene for the powers and emoluments of of- is laid in Shensi and Kansu, the two fice. This the Moslem minority re- extreme Northwest provinces of China sents. proper. Barak is the inseparable com- panion of the missionary evangelist. Other important matters discussed This donkey does all of the talking and is much given to philosophizing on the are the beneficent irrigation projects experiences through which his master passes. He is delightfully reminiscent of the British Government; the acts at times, and does not hesitate to pass judgment on his master or the people of the newly established Central In- among whom his master labors. He is amused by the conversation of the dian Legislature; the discussion of people in the market places. When passing through the countryside over- "The State and the People," including run with disorderly soldiers, he waxes quite eloquent over his disgust with the serious wide unemployment, par- militarism …… "Though I am mere- ly a donkey and not supposed to have ticularly of the educated classes; med- any feelings or subtle emotions, yet ical relief of women, sponsored by some of the sights and scenes of that wives of successive Viceroys; the sup- summer and autumn heartily sickened pression of crime, and the difficulties me and always thoroughly upset my of the police in rural communities, master, sometimes making him quite which has led to tattooing a number ill." He attends a wedding in his ofon the ears of all cattle in one import- ficial capacity as a bearer of his masant district; and the important and ter and his description of the affair increasingly serious topic of com- is replete with humor. munism, traceable to Russia and <China through Indian communists Barak makes no profession of his Christian belief, nor does his master claim any innate goodness for this faithful but irascible animal. He is as capable of pulling down the door of a house in the thick of the night, or of stamping out the life of his load of

scripture portions and tracts, as he is prove a prophet, so why should He of being deeply moved by the prayers not use me to preach a sermon?"

of Chinese converts in a three hour One feels a bit sorrowful for Barak. meeting presided over by his master. Should he not have been laboured In spite of his perverse nature, how- with and forgiven by his master "sev_ ever, he is a good sort, and again and again he makes very telling mission- enty times seven"? One wishes that ary appeals. It is surprising how the master had not come to the time vivid and interesting a missionary's when he felt he no longer had any experiences and the description of his use for Barak; otherwise he might environment can become in the mouth have ended his days, if not within the of a Kansu donkey. One smiles as he Kingdom, at least not far outside. reads this donkey's account of his master and a fellow-missionary late at Judged as a whole, this little book night in a cow-shed poring over a map is one of the most entertaining and of the country-side which they are revealing books on the experiences of planning to win for Christ with the a pioneer missionary evangelist, I host's cow and Barak for companions. have ever seen. There is not a page of dry reading. Mr. Easton has hit Occasionally the donkey reflects his upon a unique and very interesting master's prejudices in his allusion to way to convey the story and challenge the pre8enc~ of Roman Catholic con- of West China to our young people in verts in South Shensi and his refer- the West. We heartily congratulate ence to them as constituting "the him on a very fresh and vivid por- trayal of the "greatest vocation in greatest possible hindrance to the life." simple preaching of the gospel." A M. T. STAUFFER.

group of Chinese preachers holding NEW BOOKS their annual meeting are fit objects for comment and psycho-analysis to Adventures in Friendliness. Programs for the Primary Department, prepared Barak. While he is deeply moved by for use in the Vacation Church School. their earnest prayers, one may expect M. F. Brown. Edited by John T. his sense of humor to break through, Faris. 209 pp. $1.75. Presbyterian notwithstanding. "I had a quiet laugh Board of Christian Education. Philup my sleeve, that evening," he says. adelphia. 1928.

Once again he writes, "I am only a The Appeal of a Bible-less World. Annual report of the National Bible Society donkey, I know, but my heart was of Scotland, 1927. Edinburgh. 1928. strangely moved within me as I watched these three men so utterly Pilgrim's Progress and Grace Abounding. diverse, the one from the other, yet so Special Tercentenary edition. John closely united in the one great passion Bunyan. 651 pp. $2. American Tract Society. New York. 1928.

that appeared to absorb them, stand- The English in English Bibles. J. F. Shea- ing there on the cold mud fioor around han. 143 pp. Cloth, $1.25; paper, that charcoal glow and praying for 75 cents. Columbus Institute. Poughthe souls of the people that lived in keepsie. 1928. Liohyang." "Gentlemen-The King!" John Oxenham. 96 pp. 75 cents. The Pilgrim Press.

In the last chapter, Barak traces Boston. 1928.

the steps of his declension from mis- God Is Love. Russian translation. D. L.

sionary zeal. Illustrating from his Moody. 32 pp. 10 cents a copy, 12 own sad end, he uses the last few for $1. Bible Institute Colportage pages of the book to preach to his Assn. Chicago. 1928. readers, exhorting them not to follow his example. In this he feels justified, Revaluing Soripture. Frank Eakin. 249 because as he says: "Samson used a pp. $2.60. Macmillan Co. New York. donkey's jawbone to slay an army, and 1928. God opened a donkey's mouth to re- The Saoraments: Their Nature and Use. C. F. Hogg. 48 pp. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1928.