The Missionary Review of the World — June 1912

AS SOME SEE

THE AFRICAN RAILROADS DARKEST AFRICA so. AREt..,l2..000.000 MI. POPULATION, 150,000,000.

MeClS in white tep1'r .. AFRICA AND OTHER LANDS COMPARED sent territory occupied by M·rssion Stot.ions Or Chri~tion communities. Are(i in black stlow·s 1he unevonqeliz.ed portion of the contin~nt.

UNEVANGELIZED AFRICA "MISSION STATIONS IN AFRICA THE AFRICAN RACES AN ILLUMINATING GROUP OF AFRICAN MAPS

MISSIONARY SCENES IN

1. A Bedouin 'tent, Tunis, North Africa. 9. Missionary teaching to Arab boys. ~: l~::l~~~ ~s~~~aGlrf~ g~h~~l,Al~;~;. Egypt. ~~: ~~o~~£~ic~~Y i~~lA~rr~h~ better sort. 4. Interior of a c.ountry chapel, "Madagascar. 12. A group of women, Equatorial Africa.

5. Baptizing in the Oshun River, ';Yest Africa. 13. A Moor. Algiers.

6. A slave yoke for head and wrist. 14. Bedouin girl friends in North Africa. 4 7. 111ssionary reading to Arab women. 15. Girl boarders at Loudon. Central Africa.

8. Bakaba chief, Kongo S ta te, Africa. 16. Irregular soldiers in the Kongo State.

17. Natal children eating maize.

* Copyright by Underwood &- UHderwood~ New York. ® of the World ~ YOLo xxxv. No.6. JUNE, 1912 'OL. xxv. No.6. Old 5';l'rlLS New Series Signs of the Times IS ISLAM AWAKENING? conferences are being planned for Bombay and Calcutta. Aligarh, south- L AFGHANI, a Mo- east of Delhi, of whuse great Mo- hammedan meeting we spoke in our , hammedan agitator, columns only a few weeks ago (MIS- SIONARY REvmw, May, 1912, page ,. has caused an educa- 383), is to become the seat of an- other great l-fohammedan school, A . tiona1 awakening of while a Moslem school for Arabic has been founded in Sumatra and ~ Islam such as there has Arabic newspapers are been started , perhaps neyer been be- in Java.

fore. He traveled through British Islam is awakening and Islam is using the opportunities which Rus- India, Persia, Arabia, Egypt, and all sian aggressiveness in Persia and Italian attack in Tripoli are offer- North Africa, settling finally in Con- mg. The difficulties in which the Ottoman Empire finds itself, have stantinople, and wherever he went, cemented the moral union of Islam and have united all Moslem hearts. his cry was, "Learn, young man! Already a manifesto has been sent out broadcast, calling on the faith- Ignorance is a disgrace." That cry ful to come to the rescue of Islam because the unbelievers are about to has become a Moslem motto. It now "wipe out the Moslem religion from East to West." In answer to that appears on the walls of towns in appeal, gold is flowing into the cof- fers of the Sultan from Turkey, Syria and other Mohammedan coun- Egypt, India, and from every land where Moslems dwell. The number tries, and is repeated continually by Moslem journals and reviews in every corner of the Moslern world.

Throughout Islam fruits of the ac- tive propaganda of Al Afghani ate appearing. EI Azhar, in Cairo, the most important Mohammedan insti- tution of learning in the world, founded A.D. lOOO, and having an enrolment of about 12,000 students, is being modernized. A great Mo- hammedan university is being started at Benares, on the bank of the Ganges River, while Moslem educational • The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this RE.VIEW" but do not acknowledge Tesponsibility for opinions exprest, or positions taken by contributors to signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

of pilgrims to Mecca has more than the western Sudan, in which the doubled, and every pilgrim becomes reading and the reciting of the Ko- a fanatic who is willing to give his ran are the only occupations of teach- life and his all for the preservation ers and pupils. It has founded also of his, to him most holy, religion. a Mohammedan theological training To the student of history it seems school in Senegal. the colony which almost as if there is going through lies between the River Gambia and the Moslem world to-day a stirring the Sahara, and extends along the and an agitation very similar to that Atlantic coast to the Spanish posseswhich, in the middle ages, impelled sions of Rio de Oro and Adear. Its the masses of followers of Christ to pupils are taught Arabic, and also hurl themselves into the wild under- Koran exegesis, so that they become taking of the Crusades. Islam is "hodsha," spiritual teachers, and are awakening. Its agitation is directed able to propagate Islam. The Stamagainst its strongest foes, Christian boul adds that these things are supremacy and Christianity itself. "proofs of the truly fatherly care The Church of J estls Christ must with which France looks after the inmeet the challenge face to face and terests of its Moslem subjects." in the fear and love of God. A writer in the London Times CHRISTIAN G.OVERNMENTS AND lately called attention to northern Nigeria, British West Africa, where ISLAM the Hausa, the most active propa- gators of Islam in all Africa, dwell. ATTENTION has frequently been There the British Government has started schools for the purpose of called to the peculiar attitude of training each child most carefully in some Christian governments toward its own religion (Islam), and Mul- Islam in their colonies with Moham- lahs, specially selected for the purmedan inhabitants. The statements pose by the Emir of Kano, are giving in regard to the friendly attitude of instruction in the Koran. Thus the France toward Islam are more than British schools seem to be furthering confirmed by a recent editorial in the advance of Islam in British West the Mohammedan paper StambOld Africa. (quoted by the Orient, of the A. B. C. F. M.). In it France is called On the other hanel, Germany connot only a friend and a material and tinues in its decidedly friendly attimoral helper of the Turks, but "the tude to both Roman Catholic and power which consciously labors for Protestant missionaries in its African the conversion of the negroes in the colonies, and seems to be convinced Sudan to Islam." The paper of Felix that the spread of Islam is dangerous Dubois in Dcpeche Coloniale" is to German rule. quoted as proof of the amazing spread of Islam in West Africa, and A RELIG.IOUS CONFERENCE IN his statements are cited as unimpeach- JAPAN able proof for the earnest endeavors of the French Government to spread THE Japanese have wrought a Islam. Nine hundred religious marvelous change in many ways schools have been started by it in by taking material blessings from the West. They now seem to fecI

I2 ] SIGNS OF THE

the need of some better foundation under heaven given alnong men, for morality than their own religions whereby we must be saved." All reoffer, and are devising a scheme to ligions are framed to meet the naturbring the three religions-Shinto, al instincts of the human soul, and Buddhism and Christianity-into therefore have many things in comcloser connection with the State. A mon, but "fundamental principles" meeting of the different sects has and ideals are different. It will be been helel recently to discuss this most interesting to watch the outscheme, and the circular issued by come of this new attempt on the part the Japanese Home Office says: of Japan to establish an eclectic re- ligion. "Christianity ought also to step out of the narrow circle within which PRACTICAL FEDERATION IN JAPAN it is confined, and endeavor to adapt itself to the national sentiments and THE Conference of Federated Miscustoms, and to conform 10 the national policy, in order to ensure sions in Japan formed a Chrisgreater achievements. Japan has tian Literature Committee about a adopted a progressive policy in poli- year ago (see MISSIONARY REVIEW, tics and economics in order to share .May, 1911, page 395). It is now in the blessings of western civiliza- reported that the various missions tion. It is desirable to bring western have paid in about $2,000 toward the thought and faith into harmonious united effort to build up a Christian relationship with Japanese thought literature which will serve to combat, and faith in the spiritual world." in some measure at least, the strong infidel literature now prevalent. The Dr. Yugoro Chiba, of the Baptist plans call for $2,000 a year, and the Theological Seminary of Yokohama, hope is to have a missionary (loaned was one of the seven Christians in- and paid by the mission to which he vited to represent Christianity at the belongs) , assisted by a Japanese conference. The Christian repre- (chosen and paid by the confederatec1 sentatives feel that a decided im- Japanese churches), give his whole provement in religious conditions will time to writing, translating and editresult. We must not, however, ex- ing suitable literature. pect too 111Ich , and any compromise in Christian truth and ideals will be The conference is also planning to a fatal mistake. build a school for foreign children in Tokyo, which would solve the The assumption that "all religions puzzling problem of the education agree in their fundamental principles" of the chilclren of the missionaries. is not true. Religion is an attempt Another effort is directed toward to establish a relation between man plans for a Christian university in and the superhuman powers, but Tokyo, chiefly because it has been there is a vast difference between found that the officials of the unithe religion that comes from super- versities in Tokyo are inclined to disstition, that which is the product of Cfll11l11ate against those applicants human philosophy, anc1 that which who have come from the mission came by revelation through Jesus schools. Christ. "There is no other Name A common hymn book is now 111

use among all the Protestant churches Christians in the last decade, as com- . in Japan, and the problem of Sun- pared with less than 8 per cent. in- crease of the entire popUlation. This day-school literature has been settled phenomenal record speaks louder in the same way. than any isolated revival. If this ratio continues we shal1 see a Chris- Thus, federation is beginning to tian India in less than roo years. bear some practical fruit in Japan. Ve believe that the ratio of increase will not be less, but greater, in the PROGRESS AND POVERTY IN CHINA future. The census shows that Bap- tists have grown from 217,000 to N0 news seems to be good news 33I,000, Anglicans have slowly in- creased from 306,000 to 332,000, Con- from China. The new republic gregationalists have advanced from is having less trouble than was an- 37,000 to 134,000, Presbyterians from ticipated, and quiet- is gradually be- 43,000 to 164,000, and Methodists ing restored in the various provinces. from 68,000 to 162,QOO. There are Missionaries who were ordered to now in India 217,000 Lutherans, as the port cities by their consuls, are compared with 154,000 in 1901. returning to their fields and generally What do these figures mean? Noth- find that their property has been un- ing like this progress has ever been disturbed in their absence. Yuan seen on such a large scale in Chris- Shi Kai is gradually organizing the tian history. Mass movements ac- government, and a foreign loan is count for the rapid advance in some being negotiated to pay expenses. States, but the growth of Christian- Fortunately, the Christian Vice-presi- ity as a whole is the result of in- dent. General Li, was not assas1l1ated dividual soul-winning by faithful as was falsely reported in some news- workers. Evangelical Christians in paper dispatches. Missionaries, while India are working more and more in the midst of tragedies, have thus together. They hold the same foun- far been unharmed, and there has dation truths, and their differences been no attack on Christians as seem of slight importance in the pres- sllch. In fact, the government seems ence of surrounding heathendom., to favor not only religious freedom but Christian ethics. HOPEFUL SIGNS IN SOUTH AFRICA In the meantime the famine con- E1'COURAGING news comes from tinues its terrible ravages, and the suffering in afflicted districts is in- missionaries in South Africa. tense. Whatever is to be done to One who has worked for 17 years in manifest the Spirit of Christ and res- Kafraria reports a gracious work of cue these starving bodies and souls the Holy Spirit in the hearts of namust be done NOW. tive Christians. It 'is manifested by an increasing desire for personal holi- INDIA MOVING CHRISTWARD ness, by an intense concern for the salvation of relatives and friends, T H~ unrest. in India is a sign of which leads to earnest prayer and to hfe. AmId many obstacles and personal effort, and by a growing in spite of opposition, the ratio of Christians to non-Christians is increasing. The census of 1911 shows over 100 per cent. advance among

OF THE

spirit of liber<llity toward the cause consideration be given to a more of the Lord. Already two paid evan- rapid unification and standardization gelists have been sent to other of the Christian forces; 2, that larger spheres, while two others assist the attention be given to the extension missionary in the work, beside 31 of organized work among men and elders, deacons and preachers. A boys in the various denominations; missionary in the eastern section of 3, that the sixfold message (increased the Cape Province reports a deep- from five) of the movement, Boys'

ening of the religious life among the Vork, Bible Study, Evangelism, So- women, while a missionary in Zulu- cial Service, Community Extension land speaks of an awakening with and Missions be maintained as a regard to self-help. The native working program of the special work Christians give gladly and more for men and boys throughout the liberally than ever before. church; 4, that the organizations rep- All these missionaries seem to think resenting special work for men and that the "Ethiopian .Movement" is boys be encouraged to magnify the losing power rapidly. institute features (i.e., training for work); 5, that some method be de- THE MEN'S CONSERVATION veloped that will keep in close rela- CONGRESS tion the various .organizations doing work for men and boys; 6, that fair AFTER a vear of conventions and representation and recognition be institutes~ the Men and Religion granted to all these organizations, Movement closed the first stage of its whether local, state or national, where campaign with a congress in Car- federations are being promoted.

negie Hall, New York, April 19th- The spiritual results of the COI1- 24th. Admission was by ticket at ferences and congress will be the $5.00 each, but in spite of this about only things that will count. Follow 1,000 men gathered daily to hear ad- up conferences are to be held this dresses and discuss the themes pre- summer at Silver Bay, but only time sented, and as rnany more took the can show the abiding results. The opportunity to enter after the doors outcome will prove whether the so- were thrown open to the public. Re- cial service advocated is really based ports by the various commissions on the Bible and is permeated with were printed in advance for distri- the spirit of Christ, and whether the bution among delegates, and are in evangelism advocated really means some cases valuable documents. These practical and permanent transforma- reports, corrected and enlarged, with tion of character and conduct. It bibliographies and libraries, are to rests with the men of the churches be published later, and will form to prove whether they have been a basis for systematic study of evan- awakened to the value of eternal gelism, Bible study, missions, boys' things, Of if they have only been work, social service, and Christian temporarily disturbed in their sleep.

community extension. The only lasting results must come The recommendations of the Con- from obedience to the stirrings of the gress are as follows: 1. That earnest Spirit of God.

THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK IN Friendlier relations between lIoha111- medans and Christians have been es- PERSIA tablished, partly through Christians and Mohammedans being coemployees pERSIA finds itself to-day in the in government positions, but chiefly midst of political unrest and dis- through mIssIOnary hospitals and schools and colporteurs. There is no turbed conditions, as perhaps never mass movement toward Christianity, since Protestant missionaries entered. but the bonds of lslam are in some quarters and to wme extent relaxed. The state of the country is de- lJ any are willing to come and talk cidedly bad at present. Hands of rob- with the missionary and hear about bers infest it, and the central au- Christianity. Instead of a readiness thority is apparently too weak to deal to interfere, to hinder and oppose the with them. Thus traveling has be- work of the missionaries, there is a come quite dangerons for the mi,,- growing disposition to leave it alone. sionaries, the government officials Here and there the patriotism of frequently being not at all ready to "Young Persia" may hinder, btlt, in grant an escort to them. Therefore, a general way, the doors for Chrisevangelistic journeys of any length tian work of every kind are wide have to be at least limited. Medical open, and additional workers, espemissionary work has suffered from cially native workers, are urgently the insecurity of travel insofar as needed. patients from a distance have been prevented from coming to the hos- The Lord'8 Prayer Corrected pitals. For the use of the man who doesn't believe in Missions But, on the other hand, this very weakness of the central authority ~ Father Who art in Heaven, makes Persia more open to outside influences. The Bakhtiaris, during 17citI:otHd.-k ~ 'Nr:twM their lease of power, have signally failed to achieve anything. The ec- ~~~ clesiastical party is fast losing its prestige, which had been already se- ·1i'Ijt..:WiIl "fie. Ciorte. "1m. '"EarfIl. verely shaken during recent years. There are many who would welcome -=- 2'k.-it.-i&.-m. 1"htn1eR. any form of government which would give justice and security. Men are Give~ this day daily bread. seeing the marvelous progress of . And forgive:;: ~ debts, Japan, seemingly caused by her adoption of Western ideals and meth- ~..-.,~-~ ods. Already the new constitution, the parliament, and the branches of -rna. • the public service are based upon European models. The exclusive And lead"1N. not into temptation, spirit of former days has vanished. But deliver~ from ellil: Persia is willing to learn from the once despised and hated West. """Fm:..7Irifte.:&-rIte. ~ Thus, a more friendly and tolerant "Jbrfl. 'tIN..~. spirit toward Christianity prevails. 7bKI..:'tIte. ~, ~ .Amen.

Zulus: Heathen ·and

A ZULU TESTIMONY OF WHAT CHRISTIAN MISSIONS HAVE DONE FOR THE ZULUS BY JOHN L. DUEl':, OLANGE, NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA Superintendent of the Zu lu Christian Indus trial l1ission I;:~~~IIM)I LOSE your eyes and white-winged monsters sailing by, dream awhile. Go back many pairs of wondering black eyes, in spirit, not into the wondering what dire evil this awful dim-past ages, but one apparition may portend; for, save for short century ago, to some hapless shipwrecked mariner, the days when our never yet had the white-skinned in- vader put foot in their fair land. grandfathers were young. In imagi- Among those wondering black eyes nation's arms let yourself be wafted were the eyes of my ancestors–God over the blue seas to the sunny East, bless them I-by white men called to the land of spices and palms, of "savages," by me, "my fathers." This savage adventure and Oriental ro- was the land of my birth, where for mance. There, at the furthermost untold generations my ancestors had limit of what is aptly caIled "The lived in arcadian peace and primitive Dark Continent," you will reach the simplicity. land's end, named first the Cape of Storms, then the Cape of Good Hope. At length the scene ch:lllges, and Go northeastward a few hundred pale-skinned intruders are dotting the miles and your attention will be at- veldt and the forest with homesteads tracted to a bold, wood-clad headland. and dorps. They tell us the land is From the dense bush of that dark- theirs, and they call it Zululand and green bluff are peering out at the Natal.

In this year 1<)12 the harbor of mixed blessing (as indeed is true of Durban, nestling there below that most earthly blessings), yet bringing bush-clad bluff, is filled with a con- the inestimable gift of heaven's Good fusion of liners and rigging. But in )Jews, accompanied by much of this the year 1812 the barks and the earth's foulness. How did the white brigs of Britain and Holland, aye, man find us? and even of America, with their Let us go to one of the already great white wings unfolded to the sparsely appearing kraals; for, the breeze, only smiled at us as they danger passed, our fathers were ra- passed by, little reckoning of the uni- pidly emerging from the dark recesses versal misery and wailing that was of the friendly bush and were re- even then transforming those green establishing themselves in the open downs into a hell. It ,vas about this sunshine. See there a circle of mon- year, 1812, when a fierce young war- ster bee-hives planted on the plain. rior, named Shaka, since of world- That is a kraal, and the beehives are wide fame, had assumed the govern- the habitations of men. I'rom two ment of a certain puny tribe called to ten such grass-huts placed in a the Zulus, then dwelling in a district ring and encircled by a fence of sixon the White l1folosi River. Scarcely foot palisades, constitutes the home of had he ascended his throne than this a single family. Ve enter by the gory negroid, compeer of Cesar and only opening and find ourselves in Genghis Khan, of Timur and Na- what might be a tiny African village, poleon, with the martial genius of rather than the abode of a single any of these and the combined cruelty family. Patches of children are of all, set forth to conquer the world. playing in the dust by the huts. Sleek As far as his little world went, he and stnrdy mothers are bustling to did it. With assegai and fire he swept :.nd fro; while buxom damsels, by no through the verdant dales and over means coy, pour from the huts eager the smiling plains, smothering all in to feast their curiosity on this strange one hideous pall of blood and black phenomenon of a colorless man, with desolation. Vith 300 and more other a red beard, and swathed in the pelts clans, that, too, of my ema Padini, was of animals unknown. Ultimately the routed from its homeland on the Tu- paterfamilias himself appears and kela's banks, and like 30;) and more stands dignified and quiet at the furother native potentates, Dube, its ther end of the kraal. chief surviving prince (the present All are very airily attired, the writer's grandfather), was driven to omen wearing at 1110St a sort of seek refuge in the Tukela bl1Sh. Here, highland kilt, while the men are conhomeless and famine-striken for well- tent with only the sporran and a nigh seventeen years many of my foot-square curtain behind. The tribe lived the life of hunted beasts, scanty habiliments of the Zulu are until at length the valiant Dube was manufactured in the somber brown hunted down and slain by Dingane, and black of ox-hides. As for the Shaka's successor on the Zulu throne. maidens, the younger girls are at- Then the white man came, and with tired in their own bronze-br:own skin him national redemption-not an un- after the fashion of Venus of Milo;

THE ZULUS: HEATHEN AND

A GREETI NG BETWEEN ZULU GIRLS hemispherical stack of well-bound hay . After describing another circle the elder damsels supplement this round it, we eventually discover a with a four-inch girdle of blackened two-foot semi-circular aperture away vegetable fringe encircling their hips. down toward ot1r feet. As none can Yet all are so artless and modest that walk into a Zulu's house, we settle never an indecent remark or a pur- clown on our knees and crawl headrient thought seems to occur among first into the internal darkness. For them. a 1110ment we find oursclves blindly g roping, but SOOI1, as our eyes be- A cursory survey of this queer vil- COIlle accommodated to the subdued lage reveals circles everywhere. The light, we discover that we are in houses with their little arched door- what might be a rather confined ways, are round, and they stand in dungeon twelve feet in circumfera ring facing a circular cattle£old in cnce. The floor is of hard earth the center. The whole is enclosed and the walls above are a dome-like within a circular outer fence of round cage of wattled sticks and grass, palisades. As we learn later, ·even glossy as jet with the smoke of the graves are rounded holes, and ages, and hung with festoons of the corpses laid therein are them- soot. A log fire blazes away within selves curled up and bound into a a circular depression made in the rounded bundle. center of the hut, and a varied as- sortment of black earthen pots, Go into the nearest hut and exam- perched on stones, annOUnce that the ine the simple, compact home of a mid-day meal is in process of prepasingle family. Altho the blue smoke ration. It is but a single room, this is ascending in clouds to the sky, we Zulu home, yet within its one wall all see nothing of chimneys, windows, or the family, mother and father, sons doors-only what looks like a solid and daughters, . live comfortably and content.

Evidently there is no embarrass- ment of worldly riches here, nor A CHRISTIAN ZULU ANI) WIFE

worry with its cares. A score of last citadel of heathendom. Zealous, cows with which to buy a couple of self-denying, capable men, from wives to hoe a maize or a sorghum America, from England, from Ger- plot form the height of the Zulu's many, from Norway, from Sweden, ambition. Since he was born he has have been laboring like trojans, ac- never ventured fifty miles from home, tive as bees in making honey-Con- and has thought that at twice that gregationalists, Wesleyans, Roman distance he would reach the end of Catholics, Anglicans, Lutherans, things and be in danger of falling off, Presbyterians. It takes long and so he keeps away. At any rate no heroic efforts to effect a breach into earth that he knows of can offer any such a mighty fortress of barbarism bliss in advance of a cow, a wife and and darkness. But the way seems a pot of beer. No distasteful moral getting clearer, the work seems light- law dogs him with its restraints and er, progress seems quicker.

its responsibilities. No omnipotent In the redemption of the heathen God has he to fear-and none to love. world first comes the trader with the Re recognizes no need to serve nor enticement of his wares, then the mis- ,need of prayer. All that he knows sionary with his Bible, and finally the is that the spirits of his fathers some- policeman with his big stick. All how, somewhere, survive, and are to have come to the Zulu in orthodox him either benevolent or mischievous succession. But the missionary has as they feel inclined. had the hardest fight; for his wares Thus were the Zulus lOO years present on the face of them little that ago, and thus are 95 per cent. of is fascinating for so confined and con- them to-day. From this you will servative a materialist as the Zulu, see that there is still plenty of scope and his single weapon of Jesus' mes- for missionary enterprise. One would sage to a people so devoid of religion scarcely expect such a backward state and philosophy is not easily con- of affairs in a famous British Colony, vincing. Nevertheless the leaven of resplendent with responsible govern- grace is working and gradually per- ment, railroads and magnificent town meating the whole, and the mission- halls. Most people have imagined ary has already accomplished a great that such prehistoric folk have ceased work. All the Zulu has received of to exist long prior to this twentieth lasting good, all that he has received century. Not so, for here in Natal of mental enlightenment, all that he we have a living sample of the old has received of social refinement, all world still preserved as in a museum that he has received of moral im- -or would I not better say, 111 a provement, has been received from Zoo? the hand of the missionary and from You must be careful not to con- none other.

clude that nothing has been done by What have been the fruits of Chris- Great Britain and by Christian mis- tianity among my people? I should sionaries. Rather know that there is prefer that you ask, What are the still more to be accomplished. God's fruits of the missionary's labors? In emissaries have for full seventy years America and Europe you picture the been busily and bravely attacking this missionary solely as a preacher. With

ZULUS: HEATHEN AND CHRISTIAN 4II

us he is that and much more. He is ity also offers the power with which not only an ambassador of Christ, to make progress. But to say what but the pioneer of civilization. His the net result of all this has been in work can not be gaged by a survey the case of Zulu converts is as futile confined to the propagation of the as to attempt the measurement of Gospel in our midst. Indeed, to tell mind, or to appraise the joys of the what Christianity, pure and simple, Beatific Vision in terms of American has done for us is a tale not easy to dollars. tell; its fruits are locked up in every heart and appear not to men. Chris- Nevertheless, there is and must be in the individual's life a certain visible A :NATIVE EVANGELIST PREACHING IN A KRAAL, NATAL tianity is a thing not of this world, result of all these inward workings, and not measurable by human stand- and when this is taken in conjunction ards. But Christianity has done this with those more material blessings of -it has brought us an ideal, the most mental and social improvement with beautiful this world has ever known. which the missionary has combine(l It has instilled the noblest of prin- it, we find something tangible on ciples into our lives; has shown us which to form a judgment. how we should live, what we should live for, why life is worth living. I have already given you a peep at It has furnished us with an unerring the life in a heathen kraal. Now reguide to all our actions, an inspiring pair to a Christian home. Here we motive to all our efforts, the sheet- find everything simpler and more anchor for all our hopes. Christian- quiet. Here polygamy, with all its attendant sensualities and riot, has

given place to restraint of passions thing for which to be thankful? Is and a purer union. Here is but one not this an advance on the life of house and one wife. The Christian the kraal o'er yonder, where girls and man's love is now undivided and all boys, women and men, crawl daily his efforts are centered in one ob- from their huts out into God's sunjective. The single house is no longer shine with never a thought of Him a stack of grass enclosing a dungeon or an acknowledgment of His goodof darkness, but a square-walled ness? building, humble indeed, but airy and bright. In place of being obliged to Half a mile away, nestling amid a crawl like animals on our knees into clump of trees on yonder hill, stands the heathen hut, we may enter erect a tiny collection of European dwellas becomes the dignity of man, ings. It is the local missionary's comthrough swinging doors. We come pound. The sun being up, thither the not into a smoky darkness, but into little children from East and West, a dwelling flooded with the light of and South and North are wending glazed windows. In the kraal we their way to school. There the good found the whole family, old and man's wife or his daughter, or peryoung, male and female, huddled to- chance some native assistant is waitgether night and day in the one small ing to welcome them and pour into rl)om; here we have a dwelling with their little minds some measure of separate rooms, so that parents and useful knowledge. children and strangers may each enjoy some privacy. The air is not The husband now goes out to his only light with snnshine; it is also fields. Across the way the heathen pure and clean, for no cooking opera- wives, six in number, are laboriously tions are performed herein, but in a breaking up the sod, clod by clod, special kitchen outside. In the hea- with small iron hoes. The Christhen hut, whether for sitting or sleep- tian, however, has his plow, and ing, we were accommodated on the with his span of oxen turns over in floor; now we may sit more respect- a day as much of the food-producing ably on chairs, eat our meals from soil as his neighbors can plow in a a table, and rest our weary bones on week. At the end of the season he a raised bed. has twelve sacks in his maize-crib, where they have six. Having but At four or five o'clock in the morn- one family to feed in place of half a ing, according to season-for the dozen, he can well afford to place Zulu is an early riser-all are up. half his produce on the market, while We hear a gentle murmur from with- they suffer from a perennial dearth in. Ah! it is the familiar sound, so of food. sweet to us, but never heard in the heathen kraal. It is the hour of The Christian wife, when not with morning prayer, when' husband and her husband in the fields, plies the wife and little ones join their hearts useful sewing-machine, or prepares and voices together in a fervent hymn the frugal meal in the kitchen. Alof praise or hopeful supplication for tho her assortment of food stuffs protection and aid. Is not this some- is monotonously small, she has learned to vary her dishes by a judicious use of seasoning~ ",ith tomatoes, or es-

r9 I2 ] THE ZULUS: HEATHEN AND

chalots or other such condiments as not caused by witchcraft in the hands the missionary has brought her, and of an enemy; that charms and such even occasionally indulges in the rubbish have no power to heal; that luxury of a cup of tea and a piece of most diseases are caused by an inbread from the" store. sanitary life, by excesses and other abuses of the body, and that with In such ways as this, then, the mis- cleanliness and moderation and usesionary is driving heathenism and ful activity health may be generally barbarism out of our people. When secured? Who was it that taught us the happy day arrives that all my that a message could be conveyed by race shall have become converted a piece of paper? Who was it that and civilized, to him alone under God A MISSION CHuNCH IN ZULU LAND will it be the credit. vVho was it unlocked for us the fountain of that dragged us, almost against our knowledge by giving us the art of will, from the abyss of ignorance and reading, thus bringing us into connaked animalism? Who was it that tact with the greatest minds of the left the comforts, the friends, the earth? Who was it that brought us honors of his own homeland to com~ the knowledge of our high birthand crawl on his hands and knees right, that we are not mere animals, into a Zulu hut that he might find but men and heirs of the Kingdom of us and bring us the good news of Heaven? It was not the traveler, the God, might raise us up, bind our merchant, the soldier or the statessores, give us hope? 'Vho was it man, but the missionary. Such are that gave us a cleaner and more com- some of the great things that the misfortable home-life? Who was it that sionaries of Christ have done for us; taught us the benefits and decency of and to them, and to the God whom wearing suitable clothes? Who was it that taught us that every disease is they represent is due our eternal gratitude.

AFRICA

I.:oooooooSoo:C.I ALE O_F MILES ………….. tiOO 800 1000 HOO 1400 l LiOO l~OO ~_ _ Duulian _ SJJCtniSh D Purluuut::Je DSaliL'e DBelgian Onteo",IOO Welt Courtesy of Th e H omiletic Re-view. AFRICA DIVIDED AMONG THE NATIONS

AND MISSIONS IN NORTH AFRICA *

BY PROF. HARLAN P. BEECH Political Conditions had been baptized was twice kid- napped by his friends, and by means ~T HESE are very vital in of a bicycle and an automobile he t?e l.nissionary situa- had been twice set at liberty. In tIOn 111 North Africa. February a renegade convert had Here are approximately called upon my friend as a spy, and 17,000,000 of people finding the lad at home, enticed him -. – who have within less outside the door, where French of- ficers in league with the Moslems capthan a century-the Moroccans in a tured him and sent him to prison charged with an impossible crime-of slight way only since last November which he will find it hard to prove himself guiltless against a mass of and the Tripolitans not yet-come un- sunburned testimony. One of the further weaknesses of the political der the control of France and Italy. situation is that the missionaries are unable to ascertain the exact legal ·What the conditions in the new terri- status under which they labor and live. In despair at what I deemed tories of these two powers will be is their ignorance, I went to our Con- sulate and there learned that :Iorth still unknown, tho the report of the Africa was governed very largely by the personal rulings of governors and French Commission was expectecl other officials, and that there was no definite code. Hence it happens that daily when I left Tunis. Probably a lenient governor will wink at mis- sion work, while another may be so Morocco will be ruled much as i·s strict in his personal views as to the interests of the State-which too of- Tunisia; and as for Italy's new pos- ten means the wishes of Moslems- that in the words of two missionaries, session (?), her only official utter- "There is no work which we can do for Christ which is legal here, and ance echoes the attitude of France any day we may be arrested and com- manded to leave the city within toward the natives, who constitute twenty-four hours."

about 90 per cent. of the population There is another phase of the po- liti~al situation which is very interestof these countries. So far as re- ligion and missions are coMnocselrneemd~ this means protection of from any active propaganda to win them; it allows evangelistic work for Europeans, tho with restrictions; .un- der certain conditions it permits school work for Jews, who by a special rul- ing are arelgeagradledpriansciFplreenucnhkncoitwiznents~· and by English law, it greatly hampers mis- sion work by regarding a prisoner guilty until he has proved himself innocent. An incident occurring du- ring my stay in Mauretania illustrates this obstacle. A Moslem youth who ~. :u:t*~tItnt thifs S'blr~giee,f. survey E gypt·~s n o t ·Inc1u d e d ,an df or practt. cal mi.ss.IOnary purposes eTmriepowl~istb, etihneg needs. n.o mentlO.n. From Tripoli on th e east to Mog.dor o n the ext e 0 r ~s of Trtpoli, TUlllsla, Algena and ~lorocco are~ illumined by the varied lights emanating fro S~.llOnSt u~derp 37 a~cor Ing 0 t e the care of 27 sociehes and independent groups of Christians. The worker: yayer Cycle for North A/rica, 1912, number 245 of whom 81 are me 55 '

t . 0, ::I~~ ~elper~ ~rades, assi~::nt:o I~~~~=ta~~ Wives, and the remainder are single women or widows 109 in num'ber This d are of various tho it s.hould be said'that the roll of· such is b I Ct e fra.tlO to the foreIgn workers bemg less than one to five according to statistics of the Edin- urg 1 on etence, dated December 31, 190B.-H. P. B.

ing to an American. Almost the en- who might seek out the men and tire body of missionaries is from Eu- women needed in North Africa. rope, a large majority being British subjects. Absurd as it seems, it is Religious Obstacles nevertheless firmly believed by the people, and by the lower officials most They are mainly due to the two likely, that these British workers are leading religions which confront Protspies of their Government, and they estant missionaries in Mauretania. are correspondingly hated. A German The most serious opponents of mismissionary with whom I talked was sions are the Moslems. Numbering practically ruled out of an important some 15,500,000 in the countries condistrict because of his nationality. sidered, they are numerically over- This constitutes so nearly an impasse whelming. Two races must be reckthat a number of British mission- oned with, the Arabs and the Beraries argue that the only way out is bers, names which are here used in for the Methodist Church, which has an inclusive way. While the Arabs recently responded to the invitation are in the minority, they hold more of the North Africa Mission and rigidly to their faith than the more taken over much of the work and or less hybrid Moslems, the Berbers. some of the strongest workers of It is among the former that the misthat mission, to send in a large force sionary order of the Senussi are of American missionaries. These be- found, who are commonly reported as ing from a nation which has no pos- at present giving themselves to the sible ulterior good to gain by their crusade against "infidel" Italy's inpresence, and being personce gratce to vading hosts. The rank and file of France, could accomplish much which the Arabs are perhaps stronger than seems impossible for the present Eu- the Berbers, excepting the Kabyles. ropean contingent. Another sugges- Multitudes of them inhabit the Soufs tion is even more likely to relieve the where with infinite labor they excapolitical obstacle to missions, namely, vate gypsum, sometimes as deeply as that a French force be enlisted in twenty-five feet, that they may plant North Africa's behalf. This is hardly their palms in the aquiferous sandspracticable; for, while many of the a strenuous life which produces men demands mentioned below might thus of strenuous convictions also. Other be met, as well as the political prefer- Arabs are nomads and hence difficult ence, Protestant France already bears to reach with a continuous and instimore than her share of missionary tutional work. Others still, more burdens, when the number and poverty hopeful, are devoted to agriculture, of the average membership is C011- and revere the maker of the plow, as sidered. It seems probable that the they outlaw the man who steals agri- American Methodists at least will cultural implements. Converts from come in as a financial aid to French among the Arabs are almost unknown laborers whom they will enroll on in North Africa·. their staff-a plan made the more possible because of Methodist mis- The Berbers are scarcely more than sionaries already laboring in France nominal Moslems. This was originally implied in their name, given by the Arabs to signify that they spoke a

1<)T2] POLITICS AND MISSIONS TN NORTH

language which could not be under- ber alike present an almost impreg- stood-the barbarian in etymology nable wall against the Gospel. I did and in common estimation of the old not see a single square inch of Miss. Greek world. One branch of the Trotter's front door which did not Berbers is peculiarly open and worthy bear the dent of stones thrown in of consideration, the Kabyles, from Moslem hatred because a group of whom some strong converts have been English ladies had taken up their won, tho only by the hardest work self-denying residence in the Arab and the most assiduous cultivation. quarter of Algiers. Even in the most Sir R. L. Playfair regards them as open village of Great Kabylia, Djemaa an amalgamation of Berber and the Sahridj, high up in the Algerian debris of ancient Greek and Roman Alps, persecution is the lot of the colonies; and the cross tattooed on convert; and only the persistent love the forehead suggested to me the ad- of missionaries who have held their mixture of Donatists and Arians position for almost thirty years, has whom persecution drove into feHow- won the tiny handful who have obeyed ship with the Arabs. Dr. Frease, the Gospel. superintendent of the Methodist work, says of the Berbers: "Not only in The other religion of missionary numbers but also in vigor and in importance is Romanism. There are steadiness the Berber is the backbone in these four countries well over a of the population. The Arab may million Europeans, France being in be unable to resist the advance of the lead, with the Spaniards second, civilization; there appears to be no tho in Tunisia Italians predominate reason to doubt that the Berber will among foreigners. While Jews numrespond readily to it and to the Gos- ber some 330,oDO, and tho the most pel, and continue to hold such parts perfect piece of Protestant work which of the country as are unsuited to Eu- I visited was the London Jews' Soropeans and even compete with them ciety's school of 250 in Tunis, they elsewhere along many lines. The Ber- do not need to be counted among the ber is the key to the Moslem prob- opposition, as Romanists must be. lem. Before the Mohammedan con- Coming from lands where Catholicism quest many of them were nominally has only an external hold on men, at least Christians. They are said especially those from France who are cordially to hate Arabs. They never likely to be bitter against a deposed have been Moslems as are the Arabs, religion, Romanists are apt to be whose faith is a matter of race pride without any definite religious convicand tradition, as well as of religious tions. Except for the sermons of a conviction. liberal priest in Algiers who draws a congregation of a thousand men every Outward evidences of Moslem re- Sunday to hear discussions of modern ligiosity do not flaunt themselves be- subjects, I could not discover much fore your face in North Africa. In beyond magic in the churches of Kairouan, which is one of the ancient North Africa-the land of Cyprian, and most famous of their holy places, TertuIIian and Augustine, as well as its most sacred mosque may be en- of martyrs innumerable. Yet the tered by infidels. Yet Arab and Ber- priesthood is alive to the encroach-

ments of Protestantism and tries to tiol1. . Therefore thinking men meet the situation by interference and and women in these lands are being varied opposition, including the imita- driven into infidelity; indeed, most of tion of Protestant missionary meth- them are already there, while the ig- ods. A further difficulty, seen among norant are still deceived and Romanists but also among almost all they are immersed in idolatry.' It is the immigrants from Europe irre- impossible to exaggerate the need of spective of religion, is the extremely evangelization, or to overestimate the materialistic attitude of men. The de- effect it would have on the whole velopment of a new region, which is missionary situation of Africa."

being found to possess minerals of value, has created a feverish desire Missionary M;ethods to get wealth, or at least a compe- What are the methods employed by missionaries facing such complicated tency impossible on the northern obstacles as are found in North Af- rica? Not always those which they shore of the Mediterranean. This desire to follow, for French laws- and doubtless Italian law in the fumakes them deaf to the spiritual ture-permit only a few lines of effort, while they forbid or seriously claims of Christianity and disregard- circumscribe others more promising in results. Thus schools are imposful of the ministrations of the Church. sible except when conducted by French citizens, or else when they are for the Infidelity is more likely to result than benefit of foreigners. This means the training of assistants privately, anything else, unless in some way the much as ministers were trained in the United States until a century ago. attention can be arrested by a form It has its advantages, and the small group system, which is also followed, of Christianity which manifests its likewise permits greater study of the individual and his abilities. The trepower in actual living and in altruis- mendous leverage gained through Christian boarding- and day-schools tic efforts for the spiritually destitute. is lacking, however. An attempt is being made to establish hostels in Superintendent Frease said at the which pupils and students in govern- ment schools live and are cared for annual meeting of the Methodists at spiritually and socially. This promises well. While children can not be Tunis, in February last: "Perhaps gathered in day-schools, I saw in the heart of the Arab quarter in Algiers the two most difficult problems con- a company of 50 Arab girls, so full of life that an attendant, tho armed fronting evangelical Christendom are with a long rod duly brought down on their beads when too mischievous, those of effectively reaching the Latin races and the Moslems. These are very different sections of the hu- man family amI appear to be the least responsive of all to the preaching of the Gospel; indeed, they may almost be said to have resisted it en masse.

In the current number of the Method- ist Review Bishop Burt, in an article which should arouse the Church, says: 'There is no part of the world that needs the Gospel more than these Latin countries. Where Ro- manism has been dominant, there you will find, in proportion to the abso- luteness and time of its sway, ignor- ance, idolatry, and human degrada-

12 ] POLITICS AND MISSIONS IN NORTH AFRICA

could hardly keep their attention for cussions, and Moslems revel in just a Christian talk. Smaller groups are this exercise, especially if there happerhaps more useful as mediums of pens to be among them students from teaching hymns and the rudiments of the Moslem theological seminaries- Christian truth. such as I have seen at Mr. Purdon's, whose house is hard by the school of Medical work, so indispensable in the famous Mosque of the Olive Tree Moslem missions, is also greatly cir- at Tunis. Then one often witnesses cumscribed. If French citizens hold- in the words of a Moslem convert ing a doctor's diploma could be se- who used to. be muezzin crier of a cured, medical work would be pos- famous Tunis mosque, "the fanaticism sible, and this is now the thing aimed breaking forth in their eyes like at. Meanwhile medicines may be dis- sparks." It is sometimes necessary, pensed to friends by those who are so an Irish friend of mine believes, not practitioners, tho they can not be to use brawn to expel Moslems who sold. I found one village where a outrageously defame both the mismissionary with only a year's training sionary and his Ch1 ist. Another had ministered to as many as 6,000 worker, exiled from the Kongo to annually, but that was exceptional. Tunis, holds an opposite view and Used under the handicaps mentioned, does not so much as twirl his musand in one case through a friendly tache under such attacks. Village French physician who donated his visiting is also allowed, tho it has its services, medicine has proved that risks and is always limited as to pub Mauretania is no exception and that licity. In general it rnay be added hospitals as well as dispensaries are that every sort of Christian friendlia desideratum of the future. ness is used, mostly with individuals and small groups. Even evangelization is almost an impossibility for Moslems. The law But what of the harvestings, or opposes it, Moslem fanaticism is in- rather the gleanings, from these arid flamed by it. What then? Law does fields? It is undisguisedly discouragnot forbid Moslems from visiting the ing work. The Edinburgh Conferhomes of missionaries, particularly ence Atlas reported all told at the for social reasons. Hence one finds close of 1908 only r84 communicants, what might be called churches and and doubtless a very small portion of social settlements in mIssIOnary these were fr0111 Mohammedanism. homes. Some of the workers hold Even when such converts are won, open house five nights in the week; they are subject to So fiery a trial and I have seen in these groups, of faith, that it is not surprizing that which may number as many as fifty, a considerable percentage yield as the advantage of the legal prohibition did Peter. Yet there is better ground of large assemblies. Gathered as of hope for the future. Hitherto and friends, with games, conversation, re- until the coming of American Methfreshments and closing religious exer- odism at the invitation of missionaries cises, these men are exposed to the on the field who realized the lack, contagion of Christian friendship and there was 110 organized church for occasionally yield. It is also allowable Moslems, and practically none for for these friendly groups to hold dis-

converts from Rome. The singular Nyasa. But there are other criteria constitution of the missionary body, by which one should judge of the made up of Plymouth brethren, wom- situation. Missionaries of the Prot- .

en largely securing their own sup- cstant churches in these countries port, independent workers, and the have not yet been on the field a beginnings of other missions which generation; they have been a disor- had not yet reached the church stage, ganized collection of units, with no had made the convert feel his isola- common policy; relatively few of tion with no organization to minister them have been men, and a very regularly to his spiritual needs, and small proportion of these few have no extended fellowship to strengthen been ordained; translational and book him in times of trial. Now there are work have been largely neglected, or churches, and soon in the great cen- else material was used which was ters there will be object lessons of produced in Egypt or Syria, and ecclesiastical efficiency and strength. hence was partially unintelligible. Yet Another equally serious defect is in these same workers were and are a fair way to be remedied, namely the Christians of the deepest consecra- lack of native workers of adequate tion and kindliness. Their lives have training. This is actually and sys- been eloquent· witnesses to the truth tematically being done in Algiers, and of the saving power of Jesus.

Tunis, and less definitely in other These items can not be put into sta- centers. Moreover, Italy has in hand tistical tables, but they are vastly im- and in mind the preparation of work- portant assets in missions.

ers for the Italians in North Africa. The work is worth while in its re- When in Rome I learned enough of lation to the African lIoslem menace.

the plans of the Northern Methodists North Africa is the supply center for and the Southern Baptist Convention the northern lobe of the continent in to make it evident that not only a the Moslem propaganda. Why not present need would thus be met, but divert their energies to the home base that it would also furnish a sugges- and so leaven that center that opin- tion worthy of following in France ions may gradually change? France and Spain where American societies and Italy are not less favorable to are laboring. Moslem workers for Protestant missions than Britain in some time to come will fine! their certain parts of Northern Nigeria, task extremely difficult, but if well ane! Moslems are not as likely to suf- trained and wisely located they can fer death on conversion in North probably be very useful. Africa as in the Egyptian Sudan.

Is It Worth While? Moreover, within a few years at latest one or more trunk lines will No; if the number of converts and cross the desert on their southward the many items of the missionary pro- way-a recent issue of The London'

gram in North Africa are compared Times said–to reach eventually the with the returns from productive Bonanzas of Katanga in southern fields like Korea, certain Indian fields, Kongo State. Not only France and and Uganda, or mission work in Italy, but Germany as well, are inter- Kamerun and the region west of Lake ested in these plans for development.

AND MISSIONS IN NORTH AFRICA 42I

As St. Paul did not deem his years to stimulate evangelical piety and in Ephesus wasted since the Word Christian activity in the European of God might thus be spread by cara- homelands.

vans throughout all Asia Minor, so It is worth while, for these four reaching North Africa Moslems even countries are wofully needy. Fifteen superficially may prepare the way millions are dependent upon Protes- for winning the Sudan and more tant ministrations to bring to them southern sections of Africa. a know ledge of saving truth, a true It is worth while, if the policy is family life, mental enlightenment, changed, so th at greater emphasis is 11ew industrial ideas and ideals, and laid upon work for Europeans, in the a Christian brotherliness founded same way and for the same reasons upon the doctrine of the Divine that the work of the American Board Fatherhood to which Islam is a in Turkey for Armenians and of the stranger. Less than a century ago United Presbyterians for Copts in Romanists brought from Italy the Egypt has been most helpful. Neither right arm of Augustine-the arm board prefers work for Oriental with which he wrote his "Confes- Christians; they would rather win sions" and "The City of God"–back Moslems. But in each case an indi- to Bone, the ancient Hippo. To-day rect work has been done for the it is well worth while for Protestant- Moslem world of the utmost value ism to bring back to that ancient seat to those nations. New Turkey owes of Christianity the strong right arms, much to Protestant missions, and so the trained minds and the consecrated does New Egypt. Meanwhile thou- hearts of a multitude of faithful besands of Copts and Armenians have lievers in and witnesses of the uniquebecome evangelical Christians and ness and supremacy of our Prophet the ancient churches have been re- Priest and King, who would also be vived and blest. Even so, Catho- the accepted Sidna Aissa, the "Lord lic Italy, Spain and France may be Jesus," of Moslem and Romanist largely bl est by the sight of real alike. It is worth while bec.ause Jesus Christian living in the lands south of Christ said nineteen centuries "go the Mediterranean. It can not fail ye," and He has not yet seen of the travail of His soul and been satisfied.

THE BIG DRUM OF THE MENGO CATHEDRAL, VGANDA.. AFRICA BY AMOS R. WELLS, TREMONT TEMPLE, ROSTON Editorial Secretary of the United Society of Christian Endeavor WELL remember the denominations and from all the great amusing way in which mission fields and most of the small Professor Palmer, of ones. Many of these I know very Harvard, in a course well, and count among my personal of lectures on the ope- friends. They are glorious men and rations of the mind, omen, no nobler anywhere. They described the process of getting up in are men and women of intelligence, the morning. of executive force, of piety, and of You lie there, drowsy and com- devotion.

fortable. The bed is warm and the But I know just as many bright, onter air is cold. The recumbent forcible, spiritual and consecrated position is grateful. Your muscles Christians in other walks of life- purr in content. And yet you have among teachers, let me say, or physi- an uneasy sense that you ought to cians, or merchants, or editors. The rise. Yes, it must be almost break- missionary world has perhaps no fast time. The rising-bell rang a larger share of them than any other long, long time ago. But-and you section of our Christian forces.

lose the chain of thought. With a What is the difference, then, be- start you awake again, a sunbeam tween these missionaries and the falling on your eyelid. Yes, you cer- teachers, doctors, editors, that have tainly ought to be up. You have a remained at home? What is the mis- hard day's work before you. There sionary's glory and crown?

is Jones you must see first about the Simply that inexplicable exercise of new hardwood floor. Then you must the will: he has got up! He has try to collect the bill that Smith owes risen from his bed of religious ease.

you. Then you must-and a cat-nap He has said "Yes" to the Master's has the rest of the list. Once more reveille. He is on his feet instead of you awake, very gradually. How com- his back, and he is about his Father's fortable a bed is, anyway! What's business!

the hurry? Why not take another It would be very easy, for every little nap? Why-and you find your- missionary, to lay a hand upon an- self out of bed, and putting on your other man or woman tnat possesses, clothes! seemingly, every missionary qualifica- Just what did it, you do not know; tion. These non-missionaries, are con- no one ever knows. At one instant you secrated, able, earnest, resourceful; did not will to rise, and at the next and to them also the missionary call instant you did: that is all the wisest has come. They have every mission- man can tell you about it. But the ary essential-except that of being fact of your rising is apparent, and missionaries.

that makes all the difference in the Our definition of missionaries is world. broader than it once was. I know a I have met in my Christian En- foreign missionary who has always, I deavor work an unusually large num- believe, lived in Boston. He has taken ber of missionaries, of practically all no course in a theological seminary and has never been ordained. Indeed, speaking in prayer-meeting, and visithe has always been a Boston mer- ing the sick, and editing religious pachant. And yet he is one of the most pers-all good things to do; nay, the efficient and glorious foreign mission- best things to do if the Call sends ns aries, for he has dedicated his life to to do them. All very easy and lathat great cause, and in its interest mentable substitutes for the Great he has spent and been spent for Surrender, if the Call does not send many years. us to do them.

Taking, then, the broad definition, Life is almost absurdly simple. The a missionary is one that hears the hand of death brushes away all of its call of Jesus Christ for the saving of fancied complications. There is only the world and obeys the call. In obey- one question then, "Have I done what ing it, he may stay at home or go Christ wanted me to do?" abroad, be a preacher or a layman, give money or time or thought or all The only omissions that will trouble three-it does not matter, so long as us in that time of clear seeing will he obeys. be those of disobedience. Om!issions of money-getting, of fame-getting, of Missions or omissions-the differ- ease-getting, of friend-getting, even, ence is simply this of obedience. And will be disregarded then. Omissions that is just the difference between of obedience- in them are the weepgetting lip and lying still; it is a mat- ing and the gnashing of teeth. ter simply of doing what we know we ought to do, or failing to do it. But the missionaries! the souls that have dared to find their pleasure in Of course the omission folks are the pleasing of Christ, and their doing many other good things. They power in the service of Christ, and are doing so many good things that their fame in the approval of Christ, they forget they are not doing the and their wealth in the sacrifice for best thing. That is the insidious Christ-these will have no omission" danger of all sins of omission. to torture their consciences, but they will see their lives beautifully entire, They are passing the contribution- shining like pearls in the sunshine of box, and superintending the Sunday- God's benediction. school, and singing in the choir, and

A. W. RAKER AT THE COMPOUND OF THE NATIVE LABOR ASSOCIATION~ SOUTH

AMONG THE GOLD DIGGERS IN SOUTH AFRICA MISSION WORK IN THE GOLDFIELDS OF THE WITWATERSRAND, TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA 'BY A. W. BAKER, SOUTH AFRICA, CARE PRINCIPAL BOOKER T. WASHINGTON, TUSKEGEE, ALABAMA Director of the South African Compounds Mission m.. T – HE Witwatersrand mines and passing to and fro all the – year. Or picture to yourself J 0- (WhiteWater's Range) hannesburg as the heart of South is a district in the Africa, drawing into itself all the Transvaal, about 1,000 best blood of all her native tribes, miles from Cape Town, – 500 from Durban, and and then pumping it back into all the 380 from Louren<;o, Marques, the veins and brains and customs of her three principal ports of South Africa, social life; and this will give SOnie its center being the city of J ohannes- idea of the tremendous importance of burg, which is connected with these this magnificent center of work. Some three ports by rail. Imagine a huge one has said, awfully but truly, "they wheel, the tire or circumference of come to us savages, and they leave us which includes all South Africa, and devils." Thank God, "the Gospel is part of Central Africa as far as still the power of God unto salvation Lake Nyasa. The hub represents Jo- to everyone that believeth" and still hannesburg, and the spokes are the possesses life-giving power. Its heal- roads from all points leading to the ing, cleansing, enlightening and up- Rand. People those spokes with lifting influences have been 'carried myriads, like black ants, thronging forth to every part of that great cir- constantly to and fro, and dropping cumference.

off the spokes at every few miles. The gold mines at this center first These myriads are the natives of began to attract native laborers in or some 40 tribes thronging the gold about. the year 1887, and rapidly ex-

THE GOLD DIGGERS IN SOUTH AFRICA

tended until at the present time they charge. Each mine or group of cover some 60 miles from east to mines has a native hospital with a west. Along this line, at intervals white overseer and native helpers. of a few hundred yards, are dotted This hospital is visited daily by a the compounds. These are great physician, and medicines and attensquare enclosures in which the na- tion are given free of charge to patives of the various tribes are housed tients. in rooms, containing from 10 to 50 men. The number in any given With the exception of some 5 per compound varies from r ,000 to 6,000. cent., who are employed on" neces- The largest proportion of these sary labor, the workers are free from laborers are recruited by agents of midnight on Saturday until Monday labor associations, of ,yhich the 1110St morning, a great number being free important is the ·Witwatersrand N a- from 6 P.M. on Saturday. This is tive Labor Association. These gather the period in which the illicit liquorthe workers into compounds in their dealer plies his hellish traffic and 0'11 territories, and feen, clothe and makes such immense profits that imtransport them to a central compound prison1llent (without the option of a at the Rand, from whence they are fine) for six months for a first ofdistributed in batches to the various fense, and for twelve months on conmines connected with the a~sociatiotl. viction for the second time appears They receive wages ranging from to have no terrors for him. There is $w to $15 monthly, and their food. a regiment of from 800 to 1,000 Some, by displaying exceptional me- illicit rum-sellers, mostly whites, in chanical ability and trustworthiness, gaol alI the time. We believe that earn as much as $25. They serve in this is entirely due to the suicidal gangs under white bosses, and these policy of relaxing the prohibition law usually appoint one of the natives as and permitting employers to give boss-boy. They work on shifts, day what is called ."kafir beer," brewed and night, alternating every week. from corn with a small percentage or These shifts differ in different mines; alcohol, to their natives as a preventaon some they last eight hours, on tive against scurvy. The craving is others nine, or even twelve in excep- awakened in those who have not betional cases. come alcoholized, and stimulated in those who have, and then the victim When off shift their time is their must satisfy it. own, and is devoted to all kinds of pursuits, preparing their food, mend- With but few exceptions the coming clothes, making necklets, brace- pounds and hospitals are open to the lets, or other ornaments for sale, ministrations of the Christian worker dancing, visiting friends in adjacent at any time on Sunday; and it would compounds in the same labor dis- be hard to find a finer vantage-ground trict, or in sleep. To visit any other for preaching the Gospel in any part labor district a special pass is re- of the world. The very finest youth quired from the compound manager, and manhood of all the South Afriand there are stated days and hours can tribes, ranging from IS to 50 when these passes are issued free of years of age, are here assembled within reach of the Gospel, and

In anyone compound members of do not stay longer before returning many tribes may be found, and as home, approximately half a million many as 15 tribes may be repre- of men visit and work on these fields sented in one compound. On one in the course of three years. occasion 13 men who knelt with us as penitents in the ring, represented There are also a considerable numno less than 10 African tribes. On ber of unmarried native girls in do- January 28, 191 I, we baptized 26 mestic service who are subjected to converts,_ comprizing members of very severe temptation from white as seven tribes. well as black men. Some special work should be immediatel), under- When the evangelist addresses one taken for these girls. The locations SkF«~ of S A . Co~poV"J>' l'!,ss,O" 3(~ools doH"""£'BU". &<>I4.i'''01.' · "

t4 ~""~~ ?-"'I:J'V )()C. -.)*' ~~d-~ ~~~ ¢- + . .,j ~ "9'#.ft::• E. .f' .:f~'~~';: 1OWN _ 0 UR(.[l!;$(.IiOOU_+ ~OO"' 14Uf',lI;_ ….

5 H.tr'p;[ M~ 'II' "","(( IoIOU1'"IIIU'I .21)0,0.0 Of "U (,. •'tl'l[ ~AlIfi,c. Af~IC.A~ f£ITl( ~ St;..,]c. 10 ""….. , L.)" • "7 • ~ ….. ~t1t. "Ell.l '"" J"Ob.""l811c..

SJ([1'c H of I/AfAl t6TE _ lAnE" SfIlfIO"L. + ovrl'oS1"" 0.- OvrPos'f IIIC Cor'IPn:(1"CJI ….:n; NnllEIt ~-rJII"'"'f'lS .:&'1 "."..IJlI"U … _. "lllt"'ll"""Y ~ ~ttfw.nVl ~ f"h,1'"AL "'flnJl I:' A}lolf"f 300 ""IL£.' fRo"",, "rr 3"[""'" Jl"OR'fUGutsE E.R JII~otIT TtM"l4ttU~U1It(, .:J-.o "'1'(:5 fBl'I:mSM. E. ….. ~_III'T" 1."00 ""LU "O."fH ~r l"oIf,. … .,u.vot.

group of natives 111 any of the mine adjoining some mine compounds and compounds he may be preaching in the towns are also occupied by a conthat one service to men who will siderable number of colored women carry the Gospel to half a dozen who are living lives of shame. The different parts of Africa. The reader marriage laws of the Transvaal it! will note that the number now em- relation to the native peoples are a ployed in the mines and towns along scandal to humanity, and provocative the Rand approximates 300,000, and of the 1110st flagrant immorality. The these are constantly going and com- man whose wife proves unfaithful to ing, and as the period of enlistment is him has 110 redress against her or her for one year, and the great majority paramour. "iThen taxation is being

THE GOLD DIGGERS IN SOUTH

imposed the native woman is reckoned to read the Word of God in their to be the wife of the man who has mother tongue, and to be able to taken her as such according to native write, so as to keep in touch with us. law and custom, but the courts of law refuse to recognize the relation- When the work was first begun ship as that of man and wife. there was a very strong prejUdice against the preaching of the Gospel Yielding to a very distinct call to Kafirs, and a still stronger one from God, the writer, in the year against any form of education. As 1895, relinquished the practise of the we considered it essential to have law in Pretoria, and in February, our halls right alongside of the com- 1896, commenced work in the city pounds, and all this land was under and suburban compound at Johannes- the control of the Gold Mining Com- burg. He was soon joined by Mr. panies, whose managers and com- Angus Black, and then by Mr. Ma- pound managers were in many cases bille, and later by Mr. Rivett and bitterly hostile, it was a work of some others from time to time, and later, difficulty to get sites, or even to obduring a trip to Australia in 1&)9, tain admission to the compounds, but the constitution of the mission was graduaIIy the way opened, until now framed on interdenominational lines, with but very few exceptions, the and it was called the South African compounds are open to Christian Compounds Mission. A central coun- workers of every denomination. cil was formed in Melbourne, and Carrying a baby organ upon his committees formed in several other shoulder, the writer began the work centers in Australia, New Zealand in the City and Suburban Compound, and Tasmania. During the period of where, by kind permission of the dithe war, Mr. L. A. Swanson re- rectors, he had built a hall 40 by 20 mained in Johannesburg and did ex- feet, with two rooms attached for a cellent work, of which the fruits were native evangelist, and a smaIl cotmanifest as soon as peace was re- tage for himself. stored. Abstinence from alcohol and from tobacco in aJI its forms, open From that small beginning in Febconfession of sin and restitution were ruary, r896, the work has extended made conditions of membership. until we now have 21 haIls along the The great majority of the na- Reef, each of which has its native tives at that time came from Portu- teacher-evangelist, himself a convert guese possessions in the southeast. of the mission, and supported by the Our principal object was not to edu- free-will offerings of his congregacate, but to evangelize; that is, not tion. Converts are taught that they to give higher education to a select ought to give at least one-tenth of few, but to equip every convert with their income to the Lord, but no presan elementary knowledge of the Vord sure is exerted. Each congregation of God and the doctrines of grace, elects its ow~ treasurer, who coland to send him back as an evangelist lects the tithes and the free-will offerto his people. Ve, therefore, deter- ings on the Lord's Day, and puts mined not to teach English or other them into his bag. From this bag foreign languages, but to teach them the teacher receives from i2 to 13 monthly if there be funds sufficient.

If there are less than £Z ($10), the evangelist is expected to visit the mission makes up the difference from hospitals in his vicinity once or twice general funds. The object in fixing a week, and to exhort and pray with the allowance for evangelists at less the inmates. than the average wage in the mines was to take away any incentive to On the Lord's Day, their only day seek the office for the sake of gain, of rest, a number of the converts and to confine it to those who felt gather at the hall at about 8 A.M., in called of God and would take the groups of from 10 to 50. After a work out of love to Him. The aver- prayer service of half an hour, these people go forth to preach the Word ,I"l._j. ".d.I•• ~",I", … ,l.M.. DI."Ic…! r ….~••1 in the open air. When the group exceeds 20 it usually divides into ilp,'~ JOth, 1911 two parties, three or four compounds being apportioned to each. These hom groups continue thus, holding several open-air services in each compound Sa ulurd 11.39l B""N,_ . until I P.M., and then return to their ORe 6.191 hall and have lunch together. At Rnl. Beeh 3.207 Rbo<k… 2,161 three o'clock in the afternoon they as- C,'.'ur'ca618 "6 semble in the hall and have an evan- gelistic service, and reassemble again K~",L 'llltts and o,ks 21l1,S<H Ober Mlnlnl o.'IIICI5 n,/il7 at 7 P.M. for the same purpose. 1,111 Ulhett.mplo, n…..""'… . 88,648 Under·ace l!ec'slere<i t,I"es Let us visit a compound. Outside <IO …'It>el ….. W_o<C~,dftft of the gate and in front of the man- ager's office is gathered a huge crowd FflLOW CH~l"T[A"', If til…. ".."in, ftmlht"d'$ or I',,.,,h,nlr of natives surrounding a band of 200 ~~~Ih~n 'think of II – hundreds of thou.. nds I) Coma so near 10 II', a~ almost 10 look or more dancers, semi-nude, and decked out with ostrich feather head- In at ~ur door. lie _e not <bubly '"ponllb!e IQ '",'! tnem Ihe (;C"'pell D.d nOi OUf dresses, oxtail appendages to arms and Lo<dand s.av,~"n..v… rruchll.e ('.OIqleIn EVERV enEA r UH~. /" Aell 16, '5 knees, and skins and tails of various wild animals depending from their 'h<,., … And ..hat are "t do",,' AU mal· bt:lp In sp'~lld"'l1 Ib, Good N~…, 0IIe ''''v 0' waists. Before them, and seated on an(lth., "111 '''u dn ,,·b~t ."" c~n for V'l'" d 1m l""Uf f~Ilu …".,,' the. gTollnd, are a score or more of drummers with their native pianos Th" O<l.y (lr R( ..·~,d.,~ C<II"'''R ' or tom-toms, and these are flanked by half a dozen big drummers with age wage of the laborers in the com- hogsheads, or iron oil-drums covered pounds is about £z lOS. ($12.50) and with hide which produce a deep food. The evangelists have to pro- basso. On the veranda stand a group vide their own food out of their al- of white ladies and gentlemen for lowance. The temptation to shirk whom this special exhibition of savwork so as to attend school is over- age and lewd barb'uism has been arcome by holding two sessions, the ranged. It will be paid for with an night shift workers coming from 8 :30 extra supply of beer. to 10 A.M., and then having their sleep, the day shift coming from 6 :30 We pass them sadly and enter the to 8 :30 P.M. When they have mas- compound. Setting down our hartered the 2I language charts on the walls they pass into the spelling-book or first reader, and from that into the Testament, and take their places in the Bible class. On Wednesday and Saturday evenings evangelistic services are held in the halls. The

THE GOLD DIGGERS IN SOUTH AFRICA

momum we soon have a group of from Quilimanc in the east to Da- IOO, perhaps 200, heathen around us. maraland on the west; and among They are very musical and quickly our converts are men who are ready pick up a chorus. A hymn is sung to witness for Christ in almost any -two short testimonies are given by of these languages. converts, in different dialects; I fol- Thus, on every Lord's Day 21 low with a Gospel address, and then groups of living witnesses to the make a strong personal appeal for power of the Gospel of Christ are decision for Christ. Down we all go busy from one end of the Rand to on our knees. This is the signal for the other, sowing the seed of the 20 or 30 to scamper off laughing Kingdom and reaping as they sow. loudly, while others saunter past, This training fits them for evangelmaking jocular, and often uncompli- istic work in their own homes, and mentary, remarks. A chorus is sung, the truth is prest upon them that "Come to Jesus, Come to Jesus, they are saved to save others. So Come to Jesus Just Now." Then effectively has the Holy Spirit used one creeps out and then another, and these simple witnesses that in one yet olle more, and kneel before the district of Portuguese Gazaland alone preacher, who, laying his hand on our converts have opened some 40 each head in turn, says, "Now, just schools and preaching-places, and are tell the Lord what you want Him to carrying on the work of teaching and do for you." After each seeker has preaching without renumeration; and offered his broken prayer, all three on three pastoral visits it has been follow in a prayer for pardon and my joyous privilege to baptize refor cleansing and for the Holy Spirit. spectively roo, 121, and 65 of their The Christians now gather round and converts. shake hands with the penitents, in- In Natal also, our converts have viting them to the nearest school, evangelized extensive districts, and their names are taken, and very often have several churches and many outthis becomes the first step in a life stations. There is scarcely a district that is subsequently signally owned in South Africa where converts of of God in the redemption of others. this mission are not at work in con- We move off and hold similar serv- nection with various other missionary ices in different parts of this large SOCIetIes. Ve have had the glad compound. Then we go on to the privilege of baptizing 3,017 converts, Witwatersrand Native Labor Associa- representing 30 tribes; and many re~ tion's distributing compound. Native deemed ones have gone triumphantly recruits crowd into one of the large into the presence of the King. airy rooms, climb up on to the sleep- There are many compounds which ing-galleries, squat upon the floor, are scarcely touched, and not one that fill up every available space, and is adequately and thoroughly evancrowd around the door. In this au- gelized. We need Spirit-filled leaders dience of 600 or 700 there are repre- to take up and systematize and orsentatives of perhaps IS or 20 tribes, ganize the work in this grand stratefrom as far north as Lake N yasa to gic center of evangelism for Africa. the southernmost point of Africa, and May God anoint and send them forth.

IN CEYLON

THE OPPORTUNITY AND OUTLOOK BY i.. G. FRASER, K.NDY, ClWLON ~C EYLON is compara- teach the principles of constitutional tively rarely heard of liberty to the neighboring continent in missionary maga- of Europe. It is an island similarly zines. It is a very placed which first has realized, then small island and con- taught to Asia the lesson of Asiatic tains only a little over self-consciousness and of how to learn four million of a population. . That, and adapt the knowledge of Western however, is perhaps its greatest asset Europe. from the missionary point of view. It is so near India, and so many of Dr. Mott has described Ceylon as the prevailing conditions in India are "the Key of India," and the more represented there that, being within one sees of the work there, the more small and manageable compass, it af- one realizes that it is not merely a fords, perhaps, the best position in the happy phrase, but that it contains a whole continent for studying by ex- large truth. The races in Ceylon are periment the problem of Indian mis- of the same type as those in India, sions. It is through small nations the Singhalese being descended from that the world has been chiefly influ- the Aryans of North Central India enced, through nations which were and the Tamils being the same race so small that they could isolate their as the Dravidians who inhabit the problems and see the whole of the South. The religions of Ceylon are forces at work at anyone moment, Buddhism, Hinduism and Mohamand more or less estimate their ac- medanism. Christianity has, however, tion. It was no accident that made been longer in Ceylon than in India. Jehovah isolate for Himself a tiny Ceylon, as an island, and on the highpeople. Immense emphasis was laid way to the Far East, has been much on the isolation, altho the ultimate more open to European influence object of that very isolation was all than India, and is, therefore, conthe nations of the earth. Through siderably further advanced than India that people came the revelation of in its knowledge of things Western God to the world, and Jesus Christ, and of Christianity. Nearly 10 per our Savior. Through another tiny cent. of the population are Christian, people, the Greeks, for the greater by far the larger proportion of them part of their history also isolated, being Roman Catholics. came our most penetrating philosophy and most fruitful language; The Missionary Task through a third small people came ultimately the foundations of all our When one considers the size of law, ~nd the elements of our rule and India one realizes the advantage of discipline, through the citizens of having a bit of it, so to speak, iso- Rome. Later we find it was a smai1 lated, as in the case of Ceylon. The and isolated island which, because of population of India is larger than its very isolation, was able to build that of North America, South Amerup a constitutional government and ica, Africa and Australia combined. Yet the area of it is only half that of the United States. The problem of working so vast a population and so crowded a population may well ap- personally that the greatest contribupal any man. The task before the tion to Christianity which we may ex- English Government is not under- pect in the future will come from stood by any of her critics, either at India when she has accepted her home or abroad. But if the task be- Lord and has thrown upon His revefore the English Government is great, lation the light of her worship and how much greater is that before the acceptance. Indian missions, for whereas the Government has to deal with the Anyone looking at India to-day peoples of India in a few particular can not help seriously studying the phases of their life, Christianity has growth of her national consciousness, to come in contact with the whole of "for the very name of India is a their life and ultimately not only to synonym for caste as opposed to naaffect, but to control, the whole of tionality," and as Max Muller has their living. Again, India in the said, "The Indian never possest the past has done more to influence Asi- feeling of nationality." Yet to-day atic thought than all the rest of Asia undoubtedly India is beginning fa combined. She is going, I have not feel her unity, and the presence of the slightest doubt, to influence Chris- Mohammedan, Hindu and Christian tendom in the near future more than on the same platform is significant all the rest of the nonchristian races of a great deal more that lies becombined. As we think of the move- hind. I believe myself that the naments that have come from the East tional movements have been inspired into the West, we can hardly mention and guided by God. There might one in the realm of thought which have been real danger had Christianhas not come from India. Theosophy, ity, as we conceive it, been given to vendantism, sun-worship, with the the East without alteration, change lowering of the moral standard, have or adaptation, and it could have led at! come from contact with Indian to no other result than the impoverthought. I do not mean that Indian ishment of the future of our faith. thought will always necessarily de- Each separate building fitly framed press. I believe it may do the very together is to grow into a holy temple opposite, and infinitely raise. But it of the Lord, according to the hope of is either going to raise or to depress St. Paul. But each separate building our standard of thought and living will surely keep its own beauty and throughout the whole West. No na- add to the glory of the whole. We tion yet has come in contact with do not expect to see all the nations India through travelers or through become one in a great, gray, color- Indian immigration without being less uniformity, but we hope to see profoundly touched and influenced by them, each shining in its own beauty, Indian thought. No other people in its own individuality, part of one probably have molded China as India great and glorious mosaic. Just as did centuries ago through her gift individuals are all but broken lights of Buddhism. No other people have of Him, but in the whole Church the so fascinated their conquerors of all whole Master may be revealed, so kinds as have the Indians. I believe each nation can only show forth its own characteristics best, but when

each has added its message, then we me, so send I you." He spent His shall see the great and glorious temple time in doing good to all that came rise in the beauty of the whole. And in contact with Him and training so the national movements have come twelve that they might be His witin time to preserve the nations for nesses. It is perhaps not a bad exthe day when they shall bring their ample for the Church to-day to let glory and their honor unto Him. her missionaries, so far as in them lie, do good, representing the Love of How Preach Christ God wherever they see the needs of men, and like Christ, not only on the Then the question comes, how are spiritual side, but on every side that we going to preach Christ so that needs life and needs it more abund- Christianity may be adapted and antly, while their main work is that adaptable to their special needs. It of training the Christians of the is obviously absurd, for instance, to country, who themselves wiII take the any observer that we should plant Gospel to their own people. the various sects of evangeli.cal Chri.stianity into each Eastern land, the In Ceylon we have hitherto had a Baptists, the Plymouth Brethren, the large proportion of the work of the Anglicans, the Friends, the Presby- training of the children in the schools terians, the Congregationalists, the in the hands of Christian missions. Seventh-Day Adventists, the 'vVes- Now that is going to be no longer leyans, and heaven knows how many possible, owing to the introduction of more. Such a condition of things compulsory education. It is not posonly requires to be seen to be recog- sible that missions should be able nized as wrong, and yet we can not to cover the ground as rapidly as preach otherwise than in our divi- government, or as the wealthily ensions. The whole body of Christen- dowed Buddhist temples, or, in the dom in the West is bound to take the north of the island, Hindu temples. Gospel to the nations that know not Ve have, therefore, to consider care- God. But they can only take the fully what attitude we are going to Gospel as they have understood it, take toward this extension work, and fully it may be, or partially, or there is a very greatly preponderating scarcely at all. But in whatever opinion on the part of missionaries measure they have understood it and working in Ceylon that this work in whatever way, in that measure and must be done through the training of way they are bound to take it. But teachers and evangelists. St. Paul we have grown accustomed to the calls the messengers of the churches idea that Jesus Christ is dumb before "the glory of Christ." Now these the nations waiting for His witnesses messengers of the churches in the to plead the story of His Love. 'liVe mission field are the evangelists and have not yet perhaps grown accus- teachers, and they form eight-ninths, tomed to the idea that we should be or thereabouts, of the missionary dumb before the nations waiting for force as a rule, and not only are they o'ur witnesses to plead the story of the great majority of the missionary that Love. Christ's message to us army, but they are the portions which was, "Even as the Father hath sent lie nearest the people, the most ob-

IN CEYLON

served and best known of all the grounds to a foreign faith and to witnesses of Christ. They are used the messengers of the foreign faith. for both pioneer and pastoral work, and against them all the waves of In other words, the messengers of opposition first break. The chief re- the churches are met by a strong insponsibility for the extension of the tellectual, monetary and social oppo- Kingdom of God is in their hands, sItIon. We can not compete equally and it is through them that unto the along any of these three lines. We poor the Gospel is preached. In Cey- have not got the money to diffuse lon the evangelical churches have literature to the same extent as the about 2,000 of these men and women non-Christian; we have no endowrepresenting them, and they have ments, nor can we give to our teachabout 100,000 children in their hands, ers the social prestige which the as well, of course, as the influence priesthood have held for ages. Our they exercise over the adult popula- men are solitary against all the tion throughout a large area. powers of numbers and material forces. It is true again, as in the The Difficulties early days, that it is by the poor that the Gospel is being preached to The difficulties in Ceylon which lie the poor. Many have thought and in their way are as grave as any said that to-day Christianity comes which can be found anywhere. There with all the power and prestige of is a great deal of Western rational- the civilized West. Nothing of the ism published in local newspapers, sort. It is true only in a few big partly through organs brought into centers of population, but the average activity by the theosophical move- and most commonly seen representament and partly through direct Eu- tive of Christianity is the poor vilropean or American agency. The lage teacher and evangelist, making leading missionary of the Hindus in his approach from below and not the north, for instance, is an Amer- from above. And just as in the early ican lawyer, who tries to prevent days, there is only one thing that we parents from sending their children can bring against all the forces of to Christian schools, and builds up this world, which is not open to our Hindu opposition. In the Singhalese opponents to a greater degree, and country the chief organizer of the that is the power of inspired and Buddhist opposition and the Bud- trained character. Jesus Christ did dhist theosophical schools is an Eng- not get His apostles by any special lishman. There are many more Eu- providence, but only through patient ropean and American workers for trallllllg. Nor need we expect to get these faiths. trained and worthy characters to rep- resent Him in our villages and to Then the temples are very richly represent us as His messengers by endowed, indeed, and the priesthood any special providence either. God is very numerous, and owing to the will not use our negligence when rule which compels them to beg for we might give of our best in traintheir food, the priests are continually ing. So in Ceylon we believe that visiting among the people. Then we should have an efficient training there is the strong sentimental opposition on national and patriotic

for our village teachers and cate- a body composed of the representachists. tives of the cooperating communions, and the training would be in the The first element of efficiency is hands of the representatives of each close and unhurried contact between section. The training given would teacher and taught, for it is not facts include not only that of Bible study which have to be imparted, but char- and of normal work, but our ideal acter which has to be trained. Our would be to make our men useful in Lord "tabernacled" with His twelve every direction, to make them real after He had selected them, and thus witnesses of Christ as He was of the He trained them. The object in Father. Much of His life was given training is not to teach the student to healing and to teaching the people facts about life, but to give him fa- along the lines of their daily needs vorable conditions in which the seed and daily necessities. He represented of the true life may develop. Any to all the needs of man, body, solil training should be able to lead the and spirit, the adequacy of God. So student into the firm habits of the should His witnesses to-day. Thus devotional life and should show him they would be the handy men and how to understand and study his women of their villages. They should Bible. But such a training means be trained in the diagnosis of the either a very small number of pupils commoner and simpler diseases, the or a very large staff. It must mean women also being taught how to one or other. In any case it means nurse, and they should have a praca staff large enough and pupils few tical knowledge of simple agriculture. enough to allow full personal contact Over 90 per cent. of the population between teacher and taught. Such a in India lives on agriculture, and the proportion no one missionary society population is so vast that there is could get in anyone training institu- always a large number near the startion, and so in Ceylon all the evan- vation line. The Christian Church gelical missions would like to join should bring through its messengers together. Ve have not got the money some relief to them, and in doing so yet, and this is merely our proposal, would commend the Gospel of the tho nothing practical has been done Love of God. except the making of an appeal in this direction. But the proposal is One of the facts we feel most that the American Board of Missions, keenly is that our isolated teachers the missions of the Anglican Church, and evangelists tend to lose their first the Friends' Mission, the Baptists, love against the steady opposition possibly the Wesleyans and the Dutch which they meet with in the villages. Presbyterians, should unite in the In every district the older men are a training of village teachers and cate- problem, not all of them, of course, chists. There will be a central com- but the majority of them. Missionpound in which all training would be aries have had their furloughs, their done while each cooperating body Christian companionships and their would have an autonomous compound Christian books, but these men are adjacent to the central one. The cen- isolated amid non-Christian environtral compound will be governed by ment, altho they have had far less of

IN CEYLON

a Christian background than the mis- seventh year would generally be marsionary. We would say to them in ried and would have to be paid full Christ's name, "Come ye apart and salaries in the year in which they rest awhile," and give them a chance do no work and earn no government for spiritual and mental refreshment. grants for their schools. But the We would apply to them the mosaic Kingdom of God is not going to principle of the Sabbatical year amI come without a sacrifice, if gifts of keep, if we can, seven men where we money can be called sacrifice. As require the work of six, bringing in Claverhouse said long ago: "Before all the workers, men and women, for the crown goes, there are spears to their seventh year back again to the be broke," and no kingdom can be training center, where they, with their won without the effort and sacrifice maturer experience, would know bet- incidental thereto. The greater the ter how to apply themselves to the kingdom the greater the struggle inwork of learning, and would be able volved. The Kingdom of God is to help the younger candidates being worth some sacrifice. trained for the first time. Thus we would get all the workers from over Think of the influence that a centhe whole island coming in together, tral institution of this kind would strengthening and helping each other, have upon the life of the whole island. learning a deeper sympathy, each There would always be some 250 or with all and all with each. And we 300 candidates in training at anyone will get greater strength and harmony time. They would represent a body throughout the whole Church rapidly of 2,000 scattered throughout the growing up. villages and towns, always going out and coming in. It would be the What Would. Be the Result? heart sending fresh blood throughout the whole system. Some will say If such a scheme could be carried that it is too great a task to efficiently out I believe it would revolutionize carry out so great an undertaking. missions in India and China. Well The missionaries themselves are not ,,-orked in one place where its ef- dismayed by the difficulties. They fects could be seen, it would rapidly are not too great for God, nor for be adapted elsewhere. We talk the servants of God, nor for the often of entrusting the work to the Church of God. In Ceylon we are native, and the native being the key prepared to go forward carefully to to the situation. Such a plan as this this end, having well faced the difwould make it possible to carry our ficulties before us. If we get the ideas into practise, because it would support necessary, it will mean that give the native a chance of knowing the day will be hastened when the how to do his work, and give him an honor and glory of the nations shall opportunity of learning character. It be brought unto _Him. And it is would also be following the method::. well worth being born at a time such of our Lord and Master in a way as this, when through the whole we have hardly yet seen attempted. world the opportunity is given of Of course, it would be expensive, be- bringing the Kingdom of God nigh cause teachers brought in for the unto men.

NORTH JAPAN

BY D.WID B. SCHNEDER, D.O. ~1issionary of the Reformed. Church in the United States 0RTH JAPAN COL- department, corresponding to the American academy, college and theo- I1N LEGE was st<;trted logical seminary. It has educated 63 through a widow's ministers, and of its other graduates mite, twenty-five years 33 are engaged in teaching, mostly ago. Rev. Mr. Oshi- kawa preached a ser- in Christian schools, 6 in Y. M. C. A.

mon on the need of evangelists, and work, 13 are in official positions, and in response a poor widow who had about one hundred are pursuing pro- laid by twelve pieces of silver for fessional courses of study, either in use in case of her sickness or death the higher department of North Japan came forward and offered this, her College or in the government profes- all. It was taken as a token from sional schools. Of the 308 graduates God to go forward. It is the only that have gone out from all the de- Christian school for young men be- partments, a little over three-fourths tween Tokyo and Saghalien. With are baptized Christians, and the rest, this wide field, and with the peculiar even tho not baptized, are permeated hold it has upon the confidence of the with Christian habits of thought, Japanese Government and people, this Christian moral standards and Chris- institution undoubtedly occupies a tian ideals. The institution has gov- strategic place in missionary work in ernment recognition, and enjoys prac- Japan, and calls for the loyal sup- tically all the privileges of govern- port of the friends of foreign mis- ment schools, including the postpone- sions. Its present chief need is that ment of military conscription, with- of more ground. It is located in the out the least interference with its heart of a growing city, and unless religious liberty, and with frequent purchases are soon made, the institu- encouragement from government au- tion will be forever cramped and thorities.

crippled. The students rank high. In the Last May this little known but competitive examinations for admis- highly successful Christian school in sion to the government professional North Japan celebrated its twenty- schools, invariably a larger proportion fifth anniversary. The key-note of the of North Japan College men are ad- celebration was struck by the singing mitted than of government middle- of "Praise God from Whom All school graduates. During the past Blessings Flow" by the 350 stu- eight years there has been between dents and the 30 teachers. Bishop eight schools of Sendai an annual Honda, of the Japan Methodist interschool oratorical contest. In six Church, delivered the main address of these contests North Japan College before the large aud~ence, and spoke men have won first prize. Last year of Christianity as the only sufficient the two representatives of the school basis for the moral training that won both first and second prizes.

Japan is so earnestly seeking. This year the Woman's Christian North Japan College has a middle Temperance Union offered a prize school, a higher and a theological of 25 yen to any student of middleschool grade throughout the empire Japan. To successfully challenge the who would write the best essay advanced religious, ethical and philoagainst the use of alcohol. The prize sophical thought of Japan, Christianfell to a North Japan College stu- ity must be an intelligent Christiandent. ity. It must have intelligent pastors and a strong body of laymen who are The graduates bid fair to rank able to give a reason for the faith equally high. Already the leading that is in them. Tho there are superevangelistic work in North Japan is TEACHERS AND STUDENTS OF THE NORTH JAPAN COLLEGE carried on by North Japan College stitions left among the people, these graduates. Others in teaching, in social are disappearing like mist before the work, in diplomacy, and in the higher splendid educational advance of the government schools are making fine country. Every child is compelled to records. But even the oldest of the attend school for six Years, and the graduates are only entering upon average of actual attendance is higher their prime, and North Japan Col- than in America or England. Therelege men stand only at the beginning fore, Christianity must have schools, of what promises to become a splen- and schools of high quality. That did career of leadership and service North Japan College has so widely in the newer Japan of the future. won esteem and confidence is one of the promising events for the future Christian education has an un- of Christianity in Japan. speakably great mission to fulfil in

GOD'S VIEW OF

HE love of God has to do evil" (Isaiah 41: 23). That was the taunt with which Elijah as- ITI gone out in all ages sailed the exasperated Baal worship- . in compassion toward ers on Mount Carmel. The same thought comes out in Isaiah when he the heathen nations, contrasts the helplessness of the poor gods that have to be carried, and but the holiness of God "are a burden to the weary beasts," with the omnipotent helpfulness of has also burned in Jehovah, who carries His people even to old age (Isaiah 46). Similar scorn righteous anger against the worship is poured upon the idolater who, out of the same log, gets firewood for of "other gods." Reviewing Jehovah's cooking and a god for worshiping (Isaiah 44: 17). Jeremiah is not betreatment of His own people in one hind when he says that the gods of the heathen are "no gods," but "vanof their numerous lapses into idolatry, ity" (Jeremiah 2:5, II). And the Apostle Paul echoes the same thought the Psalmist says, "Thou wast a God when he says that "an idol is nothing" (I Corinthians 8: 4). that forgavest them, tho thou tookest Profanity.-The idol is nothing, but vengeance of their inventions."- is there not something behind the idol? Even supposing the image, as Psalm 99: 8. The distinction here in the case of the golden calf, claimed to represent Jehovah, that was formade is of the highest importance to bidden by the second commandment. But idolatry meant the worship of bear in mind. The divine love for "other gods," strange gods. It was on that account that the anger of the Lord the idolater is one thing, the divine God was kindled, and flamed forth so repeatedly. Let one terrible pashatred of idolatry is another, and yet sage suffice, "Because they have for- saken me, and have burned incense a closely related thing, and there is unto other gods, that they might pro- voke me to anger with all the work no contradiction, but perfect harmony of their hands, therefore my wrath shall be kindled against them and it between the two. shall not be quenched" (2 Kings 22: 17). Or if another passage be added, It is urged in the present day that let it be that in which the prophet Isaiah says that idolaters "have turned there should be a more careful study their back unto God and not their face." According to that, tho the of non-Christian religions, but while idolater in his heart may be "feeling fully agreeing with that contention, may we not plead for stress to be laid on the importance of knowing more perfectly and bearing in mind more constantly what the word of God has to say about these religions.

"To the law and to the testimony."

And let it be remembered that amid many varieties there are essential principles which apply equally to the religions of Phenicia, Babylon, Greece and Rome on the one hand, and to those of India, China, Africa and Polynesia on the other.

The almost innumerable references in the Bible to non-biblical religions may be grouped under three heads- Inanity, Profanity, and Satanity.

Inanity.-An idol is "nothing," "a thing of nought" (Psalm I IS : 8) , (Isaiah 41: 24). Idols are challenged, with a divine scorn, to "do good or after God" (Acts 17: 27), his idolatry clemons, not to God" (I Corinthians reverses the action. IO : 20). He had just before said that an idol was "nothing" (I Corinthians All this is intensified by the fact 8: 4), but as if to qualify, or rather that the worship of other and rival to complete that statement, he draws deities was accompanied, as it is to- aside the curtain and reveals what is day, by shameless and nameless im- behind the "nothing." To those workmoralities-immoralities, mark you, ing in the midst of Hinduism that all the more horrible because done curtain is a very thin one. There in the name of religion. Whoredom must be few, if any, who have been and idolatry are distinctly joined to- present at a Hindu festival, who have gether in verses 7 and 2 of Numbers not felt, with the present writer, that 25. One of the Hebrew words for the glare of hell shone through the harlot means "a consecrated one." It cnrtain. is the word used also to describe Aaron's consecration (Exodus 30: 30). We have the profound conviction In the margin of Genesis 38: 21 R. that no great advance can pos- V., where a harlot is referred to, the sibly be made against the forces of revisers have added the note, "a heathenism until its satanic origin woman dedicated to impure heathen and inspiration are more fully recogworship." There are four millions nized. "Let it be constantly rememof such women in India to-da'y- bered," writes Dr. Mabie, "that the women religiously devoted to prosti- battle to be won is not between mere tution. Did Miss Wilson Carmichael competitive systems of religion. The use too. strong an expression when conflict is between rival kingdoms, of she spoke of this as "deified devilry"? which there are but two, that of And this is only one stall in the Christ, the Lord of glory, and that of Augean stable of idolatry. Satan, Christ's ancient antagonist." One of Satan's triumphs in the pres- Satanity.-It is not simply a ques- ent day is to induce people to ignore tion of something behind the idol, himself, in this connection. At the but some one: and as to who that recent World Missionary Conference some one is there can be no doubt there almost seemed to be "a coneither in the mind of the Bible stu- spiracy of silence" on this head; the dent or the missionary, at any rate, silence being broken, however, by in India. The word of God speaks one speaker, who congratulated the with no uncertain sound on this head. Conference that "the belief in Satan In a passage of overwhelming 50- and evil spirits, once so prominent a lel1111ity, which combines the double characteristic of the Christian recharge of profanity and satanity, we ligion, had now, happily, almost disread, "They moved Him to jealousy appeared." One can imagine how with strange gods, with abominations the report of that speech would be provoked they him to anger. They received in the nether regions-not sacrificed nnto demons, not to God" with consternation! But such com- (Dent. 32: 16). The apostle mnst placent discarding, such airy dismisshave had that passage in his mind al of the "once so prominent" belief when he wrote, "The things which in satanic agency can not be susthe Gentile sacrifice, they sacrifice to

tained either in face of the plain turned aside? The devil is described teaching of Scripture or of the in the word of God as the one that equally plain facts of the heathen "deceiveth the nations"; and the deworld. ceit is not lessened by the fact that beautiful things are found here and Let no one imagine that the fore- there in the great / ethnic religions. going is written with the idea of What base coin was ever put in cirignoring the religious susceptibilities culation without the admixture of of the man of India or of China, the some pure metal? "feeling after God" of which the apostle speaks. But the religions of Mohammedanism is not idolatrous, these lands are not to be confounded but a religion which dishonors the with the religiousness of which they Son of God can not be of the Father. are the perversion. It is said of the Sir William Muir, one of the highest idolater that "a deceived heart hatl! authorities on Islam, says, "It may turned him aside" (Isaiah 44: 20), a well be that a diabolical illspiration deceived heart implying a deceiver. enslaved the heart of Mohammed." That accon]s with the statement of the apostle that such have "exchanged The Christian worker in the midst the truth of God for a lie" (Romans of non-Christian religions, who leaves I: 25). Is it not as if the prodigal, out of view these satanic forces, is on his return home, with the longing like the rifleman who ignores the law for his father strong in his heart, of gravitation, and neglects to allow had been met by a deceiver, imper- for the curvature of his bullet as it sonating his father, and had been passes through the air.

FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON THE NEGRO AT TUSKEGEE, ALABAMA, APRIL 17, 18 and 19, 1912 BY A. W. B.'KER, SOUTH AFRICA IO] N the initiative of Dr. white representatives of missionary Booker T. Washing- societies and of educational institu- ton, all engaged in tions and a large number of colored work among colored bishops and DD.'s of the negro races, or interested in church organizations. the welfare of the negro, were invited to attend a confer- The program was excellent, but ence at Tuskegee, Ala., April 17 to too full to be effective. Many ad- 19, 1912. There were representa- dresses were cut short. There was tives from England, Asia, Africa, no room for discussion and no pro- Jamaica, Barbadoes, Venezuela and vision for a committee to digest the British Guiana. The Commissioner proceedings; no delegate could carry of Education of the United States away more than ·a hazy generalizawas present and delivered a stirring tion of the multitudin0Us subjects address. There were twenty or more b-eated. The gathering together, how- ever, of so many delegates from so

FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE ~EGRO

many parts of the world, to see amI they had no sanitation, that the death study the great industrial institution rate was greater than the birth rate, at Tuskegee was a strategetic success, that they were doing nothing for the and will, perhaps, have a far more conversion of the heathen of whom enduring value than the papers and he declared it to be his conviction addresses deliverecl at the conference. that the adults among them could Dr. Vvashington presided at the not be converted, altho he admitted meetings with COllStl1ll1l1ate ability that during fourteen years he had and impartiality. His quick wit ill not tried to learn a single native tltilizing any humorous incident fre- dialect. This picture was felt to quently convulsed the audience, his imply such a disgraceful failure on tact and knowledge of negro char- the part of the Liberians to carry acter anel of rival factions played into effect the 1110st elementary prinoff one speaker against another with- ciples of Christianity that Bishop out their knowing it. There was an Scott was called upon on the followabsence of the special deference of- ing day to remove the stigma. He ten shown to persons of official stand- is also a colored bishop of the mg. There was never any sugges- Methodist Episcopal Church in Lition of discriminating between white beria, with a record of some twenty and black, and the words "negro" years' service in that field. He deand "black" in the lips of .all the clared that in his church the connegro speakers were not felt to con- gregation was about equally divided vey any suggestion of inferiority. between civilized negroes who sat on one side of the church, and hea- The evening sessions were held in then who sat on the other, and menthe church, a spacious and beautiful tioned the case of one traveling building which seats over 2,000 evangelist who ministered in heathen people, and were attended by the villages. Unfortunately, because of students of the institute, who num- lack of time, opportunity was not ber over 1,000. The black repre- given to cross-examine Bishop Scott sentatives from Jamaica and Barba- so as to reconcile, if possible, the does fully upheld the fame of Africa·s conflicting stories. One could not sons for versatility and rhetorical help feeling that the spiritual condiability, and the fervor and shouting tion of the Liberian negroes must power of several of the colored be at as Iowan ebb as the majority bishops proved them to be preachers of our European churches at home, of no mean order. and that their religion has become cold and formal and dead. If the One remarkable feature of the Bishop could for fourteen years negproceedings was the entirely irrecon- lect to learn a native dialect when cilable testimony of Bishop Heard living among thousands of perishing of the A. M. E. Church on the one heathen, and excuse himself on the hand, and that of Bishop Scott on plea that the adult pagans are unthe other. The first named having convertable, what must the condition fourteen years' experience of Liberia, of the rank and file of the members declared that the civilized negroes be? from America and their descendants were retrograding in civilization, that

Dr. Cornelius Patten, the secretary The conference closed somewhat of the American Board of Foreign abruptly at noon of the third day, be- Missions, gave ocular demonstration cause the chairman was due to leave of the fact of slavery in Angola by for New York. All visitors were producing a slave chain and shackles most generously housed and fed for the ankles, which he had person- without charge, and encouraged to ally picked up there in a recent visit, inspect all the departments and acand added that altho the Portuguese tivities of the institution. had substituted a contract system, he could not hear of a single case Truly, as one looked upon those of a man who had gone out to the magnificent buildings so substantially islands on the contract system ever erected, and that lovely campus, so returning to his home again. The admirably laid out, as one watched Rev. W. H. Sheppard, a colored the students march past, headed by graduate from Hampton Institution, their band, or went through the told a thrilling story of twenty years' classes and the workshops and obmission work among cannibal tribes served the regularity and thoroughin the Belgian Kongo. A Roman ness and practical business principles Catholic priest named Bustin gave a of the whole concern, and then short account of his methods of work thought that these had all originated among negroes in New York, and with a runaway slave boy, it almost one of the most thought-compelling seemed as if very little short of a papers was that of W. 1. Thomas, miracle could account for it all. It professor of sociology at Chicago was resolved that similar conferences University, in which many old and be held trienniAlly, and it is to be accepted axioms about heredity and hoped that at future conferences prenatal influence were discounted fewer papers will be put on the syland denied. labus and fuller discussion lead to more practical results.

PRESENT CONDITIONS IN THE KONGO ~:….u.yj~IEV. JOHN H. HAR- Belgian Government was announced RIS, organizing sec- to create 50,000 acres of state rub- retary to the Com- ber plantations within ten years, mittee of the Anti- but it was not made clear that the Slavery and Aborigines government intends restricting itself Protection Society, who to that acreage. To these 50,000 acres must be added the numerous has recently made a journey of 1,200 plantations which exist in every part miles in the regions of the upper of the Kongo as a memorial to the Kongo, reports that the present policy system of force and oppression unpursued on the rubber plantations der King Leopold. Nearly every violates humanitarian principles of one of them speaks to the native liberty and involves a menace at tribes of whip and chain-gang, if least to freedom of commercial ac- not of arson, or even of murder. It ~ivity. In 1910, the policy of the

CONDITIONS IN THE KONGO

is estimated that these plantations secure the rubber latex. The death cover not less than 50,000 acres, so rate among the hostages was appallthat the Belgian Government will be ing, for feeble men, women and provided ultimately with 100,000 children were herded together in acres, containing not less than 20,- miserable, insanitary sheds, and the lot 000,000 rubber trees and vines. The of the hostage was, if possible, worse official reports to the Belgian Cham- than that of the forest rubber workber of 1909-10 and 1910-11 imply ers. The hostage system has been that at present the work upon the successfully abandoned by the Belplantations is pushed with consider- gian Government. The sentry sysable energy, but Mr. Harris says tem, closely connected with the practhat the majority is really abandoned tice of hostage-taking, and source of and none is worked well. The ex- untold cruelty and oppression, has cuse for this condition of affairs is been abolished as completely as hostinvariably, "the labor force at pres- age-taking, it is claimed by officials, ent is totally inadequate," and Mr. but Mr. Harris states that it remains Harris suggests that this. phrase, in many parts as an oppressive instiso strictly accurate, should call tution. The same claim of being for redoubled vigilance on the part oppressive he makes concerning the of the friends of the Kongolese. Chefferies, the chiefs which were From 80,000 to 100,000 laborers elected by the native tribes and orwill be required, for many years namented with a large silver medal to come, for this large enter- as an emblem of authority by the prise of the Belgian Government in government, and which were to take the Kongo. Whence are they to the place of the sentinels. The people come? To-day there are many la- must supply them with sustenance, borers employed under a three-years' build their houses, cultivate their contract, but it is admitted that al- gardens, and, in short, supply gratis ready many of these are imprest or all their needs and desires. To offorced laborers, and a certain de- fend them is to bring down upon the gree of force has to be employed to unlucky offender the wrath, not only keep them at work. Some propose of the Chefferie, but of the crowd that natives should be allowed to pay of parasites with whom he, in many their taxes by a given period of la- cases, is surrounded. According to bor on the state rubber plantations. Mr. Harris, the Chefferie system may This would solve the problem, but, become a useful institution, if caresays Mr. Harris rightly, "it would fully watched, but at present it tends become a form of servitude but one toward tyranny and fosters immoraldegree removed from enforced con- ity and prostitution. tract labor, which is none other than a restricted form of slavery." Under King Leopold the Kassai basin was dominated by a monopo- As to reforms already instituted, list company, in which the govern- Mr. Harris refers first to the hostage- ment held half the shares. It was taking, whose object under the LeopaIdian regime was that of forcing known by its initials, "e. K." (Comthe stronger men into the forests to pagnie du Kassai), and it rigidly ex- cluded all independent merchants, so

that administration gave place to ex- asks Mr. Harris in his report. He ploitation unchecked by government answers "No" unhesitatingly. The supervIsIOn. Since the Kongo was Kongo Aborigines Protection Com- annexed by Belgium, the country has mittee was founded by King Leopold been opened and freedom of trade in 1896. Its original composition prevails, but, says Mr. Harris, "pres- was three Protestant and three Ro- ent methods of commerce can not be man Catholic missionaries, and regarded as idea1." There are now George Grenfell was its first secret- five or six distinct companies com- ary. It never took an active part in peting for rubber in the Kassai ba- the battle against the abuses in the sin, . but no firm will sell manufac- Kongo, and from 1900 onward it tured articles for anything but rub- did not hold a single meeting to con- ber. The result is that the natives sider reports sent to it, or to discuss refuse to accept payment of wages the situation created by the agitation in cash, but the state rightly insists in England, in the United States, and that this be done. upon the Continent. With the an- Taxation among the Kassai tribes nexation of the Kongo by Belgium is a vexed question. Recently the the committee was reconstituted, and tax has been increased to nine francs now includes certain Kongo officials, for each adult (from six), and one but only one Protestant missionary, franc for each wife beyond the first. who lives at Matadi and can know Few are paying the tax, and many very little of the conditions over the loudly declare that they prefer fight- vast upper Kongo regions.

ing to paying. What steps will be In .Tune last this reorganized com- taken to enforce payment of taxes, mittee met at Stanley Pool. It dis- in return for which the state does Cllst taxation and justified a I2 franc very little or nothing for the natives? head tax upon an impoverished and There is no doubt that the anlOunt III some places literally starving of taxation on the Kassai or else- people. There were 110 discussions where in the Kongo is out of pro- upon the grave abuses of the Chef- portion to the earning capacity of the ferie system, but there was exprest people, for very few natives earn satisfaction that the food taxes were more than six francs a month. abolished, which is not yet the case.

Thus Mr. Harris unrolls before Thus we need not wonder that the us a picture of present conditions in missionaries as a whole have very the Kongo. It seems as if Belgium little, if any confidence in the Kongo has been anxious to correct come of Aborigines Protection Committee, the most glaring evils, and has met which has no dealings with them as with moderate success. But many a body. Thus we need not wonder evils exist still, and the natives of that Rev. Harris says, "we regret that the Kongo look to the missionaries we can not advise public opinion to and their friends in Great Britain, in place any appreciable measure of con- the United States, yea, in the whole fidence in the Kongo Aborigines Pro- world, for help and aid. Will the tection Committee as a body capable Kongo Aborigines Protection Com- of exercising a critical watch over the mittee really protect the Kongolese? administration."

ALL-INDIA LUTHERAN

BY REV. GEORGE DRACH, PHILADELPHIA, PA· Secretary of the General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church ( aT BE Lutheran Church with a revived missionary spirit, be- (J was the first Protestant gan all over again, and established II:j Church to send mis- new missions in India, only the Leip- sionaries to India. Bar- sic Society falling heir to a small tholomew Ziegenbalg portion of the field once occupied by and Henry Pluetschau, the Danish-Halle missionaries.

graduates of the University of Halle, To-day there are no less than twelve commissioned by King Frederick IV, different missions in various parts of of Denmark, sailed from Copenhagen India, supported and controlled by on November 29, 1705, and reached societies and boards of the Lutheran Tranquebar on July 9, 1706. There Church in Europe and America, num- they began the first Protestant mis- bering, according to the census of sion in India, 87 years before William 19II, a native Christian constituency Carey landed on the shore of the of nearly 250,000. To emphasize peninsula. their unity in faith and to consult Other Lutheran missionaries fol- concerning the best methods of mis- lowed in the wake of Ziegenbalg and sion work, as well as to plan for Pluetschau and continued the work closer cooperation, delegates were which they began. Men of like spirit sent by the various Lutheran missions and zeal came from Halle, 60 of them to an All-India Lutheran Conference in the course of a century, men like at .Rajahmundry, held December 3I, Schultze, Fabricius and Schwartz, 191 I-January 4, 1912. This was the greater men than the heroes of the second conference of this character, wars of Europe and America during the first having been held at Guntur the past two centuries, greater men four years ago.

than the captains of the expanding The delegates lent color to the industry and commerce of the Far name of their gathering, the Second East, and through them God estab- All-India Lutheran Conference. All lished and extended His kingdom, told, 80 European and American, and not only in the Tamil country of 12 Indian delegates came together at South India, but also in the Te1ugu Rajahmundry, in order to advance, country, insomuch that at the height by the fostering of Christian fellow- of the Danish-Halle Mission, with its ship among Lutheran brethren and chief stations at Tranquebar, Tanjore, by practical1y helpful deliberation, the Madura and Madras, the number of cause of Christ in India. They rep- converts and inquirers, toward the resented the Leipsic, Missouri, Swed- close of the eighteenth century was ish and Danish Missions of the Tamil scarcely less than 50,000. country, the Hermannsburg, Schles- The fruits of the old Danish-Halle wig-Holstein, American General Mission fell into the hands of other Council and American General Synod than Lutheran missionary societies, Missions of the Te1ugu country, and especially those of the Church of the Gossner Mission of Chota Nag- England; but toward the middle of pur in the North. Greetings were the nineteenth century the Lutheran received from the Santal Mission, chu~ches of Europe and America, the Missionary Society of Stockholm,

and the Moravian Mission. Indeed, The conference met in St. Paul's jf not in the strictest geographical Church, Rajahmundry, and was ensense, at least as far as Lutherans go, tertained by the missionaries of the the comprehensiveness of the term General Council of the Evangelical "All India" was justified. The dele- Lutheran Church in North America, gates came from the South of India, stationed in that city and in the surwhere the breezes have not yet spent rounding territory. English was the all the spicy fragrance of which, language of the -conference, altho, softly blowing, they robbed Ceylon's apart from the Indian vernaculars, isle; they came from the sun-scorched not less than five European languages plains of Central India, where great were represented. Among the main rivers roll seaward in tepid sluggish- topics of discussion were the followness; they came from the far north, ing: "Is the Lutheran Church So where the vast, snowy reaches of the Distinctive in Its Teachillg and Prac- Himalayas abruptly bound the view. tise as to Justify Its Continued Sepa- It was a joy to see them: Young rate Existence in India?" discust men still in the newness of the first by the Rev. S. Zehme, of Tranqueyears of missionary service, perhaps bar; "Is. Federation Among Lutheran still studying the vernacular of their Missions in India Possible?" disfields of work; men in the prime of cust by the Rev. Paul Wagner, of life, who had tested their strength the Gossner Mission; "Joint Lutheran upon the tasks that God gave them to Colleges and Theological Seminaries," perform amid surrounding heathen- discust by the Rev. J. Aberly, D.D., dom, and who had become wise in of Guntur: "The Importance of Corcounsel and strong in achievement; relating All the Phases of the Work older men, whose whitening hair con- of a Mission," discust by the Rev. firmed the story, told by their battle- K. L. Wolters, of Rajahmundry. The worn faces, of decades of service Rev. C. F. Kuder, of Rajahmundry, against the fOlces of Satan, and who was the general chairman; and the yet burned at heart with the zeal of honor of occupying the chair of preyoung warriors. Moreover, there was siding officer fell in turn to reprenot a department of woman's work in sentatives of the different missions. missions, that had not its representative among the goodly complement of At the business session which closed women present at the conference. the conference on January 4th, reso- Finally, by the type of their manhood lutions were passed recommending to and by their faith and confession, the the various Lutheran missions in In- 12 Indian delegates, almost all of dia and to the boards controlling them ordained ministers of the Lu- them, that a permanent committee of theran Church, gave proof of the the Federated Lutheran Missions be quickening power of the Gospel of formed. Each mission cooperating is Christ, and were a direct econium to have one representative on this upon the work for the furtherance committee, which is to arrange for of which the conference and its in- future meetings of the All-India Ludividual members were human agen- theran Conference, to act as a refercies. ence committee for the missions, and to supervise the various enterprises

IN THE SUDAN

of the federation, with power to ap- in point of service, of the missionary point subcommittees. To this com- deposit before him, tapped the various mittee was referred, also, the question layers, some not without drilling, of providing for the scattered mem- sparkling streams of reminiscences bers of the Lutheran missions in As- of Indian life and experiences, gushed sam, Burma, Ceylon, the Straits forth, serious and gay. On the fol- Settlements and South Africa. The lowing evening the dining-shed and Gospel Witness was made the official the compound sounded with national organ of the All-India Lutheran Con- songs and home-tunes: American, ference. United Lutheran Colleges German, Swedish, Danish, Norwe- in areas in which the same language gian.From group to group the mu- is used, were strongly urged; and the sic went the round, until finally the Guntur College was suggested as the whole assembly united in singing first one to be made a United Col- "God Save the King." Could any lege. A Joint Theological School in other church, besides the Lutheran, Madras was approved and a com- have gathered together in one body mittee appointed to make the neces- such a unique, diversified yet united sary arrangements. Each mission co- conference of Indian missionaries and operating is to support a professor Christians!

in the institution. A society for the The conference at Rajahmundry promotion of the study of Indian marked an epoch in the work of the languages and religions was formed, Lutheran missions in India, which, and a common library for the pur- united, strong and zealous, will not poses of this society is to be estab- be content until they occupy advanced lished. ground in the movements of the army One evening, at the conclusion of of the Lord, Jesus Christ, fighting, the evening meal, when the Rev. C. with the spiritual weapons which He F. Kuder, General Chairman, be- furnishes, for the Christian conquest ginning with the most ancient strata of India.

WOMEN IN 'THE SUDAN BY KARL KUMM, F.R.G.S. Founder and Director of the Sudan United Mission.

~I N our lands of liberty in the dark regions of the earth. and civilization, where Men may forget the evangelization of others, and think that even , the noble features of heathen people are happy enough in darkness and ignorance; women in our Saxon forefathers' Christian lands if once their eyes are opened to the actual state of woman- thought have not dis- hood in heathendom, must rise to the realization of the high privilege and – appeared, and woman duty of carrying or sending the Light to their benighted sisters, and sending is still more or less the priestess of the family, the honored one, the mother and mistress of the home, it is well to compare the treatment she re- ceives with that of the weaker sex

the Light by the hands of their sons There is no law in any Mohamto the men who degrade womanhood medan country to protect this woman. in the heathen world. The Koran itself gives its voice against her. 'vVomen among the pagans are more or less free, but as soon as the men In the native quarter of Alexandria, become Mohammedans the women be- Egypt, I saw a little boy who was very come slaves or worse. Under Islam, fond of making mud-pies in front of woman is a chattel in her husband's the house. One afternoon his mother hands, whom he is authorized to pun- stept into the doorway and called: ish for wrongdoing by beating, stoning, or imprisonment until death. In "Come in, darling; don't get your case a woman is guilty of breaking clothes so dirty. Come in, sweet one." the marriage vows, the Koran pro- No answer from the four-year-old. vides for punishment by incarceration until death. To-day unfaithful mar- The mother stept into the road, ried women are allowed to be stoned. looking about to see that there were no men near to watch her, and laid A missionary in North Africa, in a kind motherly hand on the child to one of the inland Mohammedan towns, take him into the house. used to go up in the evenings to the roof of her house to enjoy the cool "Come, little one. I will give you air. Night by night she heard curious sweets; come!" cries and w;glings from the next courtyard. Anxious to find out who Her husband at that moment came was in trouble, one evening, when no- round the next corner, and stood still body was near, she stept over the low to see what would happen. The child parapet wall, walked to the edge of turned on his mother, and, doubling the roof, and peered down into the up his little dirty fist, he beat her right next courtyard, and at the foot of the in the face, and snarled, "Bint el opposite wall she saw a hole about the kelb!" (daughter of a dog) tearing size of a dog's kennel, and by the side himself loose. of this hole a woman, chained hand and foot, fastened to the wall, weep- The father stept up, and in place of ing. The missionary called out: "Why giving the little scoundrel a thrashing are you weeping?" But the poor thing he patted his son on the back, smiled was frightened and hid away in the upon him, and said: "Brave little felhole. By dint of kind and sympathetic low! Thou magnificent little fellow!" words the missionary coaxed her out Proud of the son who could treat a again, and at last drew the following woman thus. story from her: The pagan women of the Sudan are "Many months ago I disobeyed my in dreadful danger of being handed husband. He beat me frightfully. He over, as a whole, to Islam-to worse chained me to the wall. He has beaten slavery than the land has ever known me every day since, and he has said since the curse of Ham has rested he is going to beat me to death. That on the children of Ham. is why I am crying." Christian men and women shall this come to pass? Shall it be true while they are asking for the "white man's teacher," and we have the opportunity of winning them for Jesus Christ?

WORKERS WORTH WHILE *

BY JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D.

(DT o HERE have been peri- Stupendous Tasks ods in the life of the First of all, I would indicate if Church which were we are to multiply the number of voluntary workers who will maintain ° characterized by a great a free and spontaneous activity, we must keep before them stupendous outburst of voluntary tasks, and must have ever enlarging ~piritual plans. These are necessary I activity, spontaneous, m order to appeal to the imagination ?f strong men. They are necessary free and vital. There 111 order to call out the best energies of the minds and hearts of strong ha.ve been other periods, of which men. They are necessary in order to save men from themselves. They thIS could not be said. One can travel are necessary in order to help domi- nate men. They are necessary in or~ over the .w?rld to-day and among del' to drive men to the sources of vitality and spontaneity. We shall some Chnshan communities receive fall short, therefore, of multiplying the number of voluntary workers unthe in;pression that they are living in less we keep steadily before them tremendous undertakings and exthe vItal age, and visit other com- panding plans.

mUI?-iti~s wher.e he receives the op- One of the great advantages of the watchword of the Student Volunteer posIte ImpreSSIOn. Even in some of Movement has been that it has kept before four successive generations of the most favored Christian countries college men a vast ideal, a wonderful undertaking, which has never failed like our own we now and then visit to move a student generation since it was flung out. It has fixt the a pl.ace w~er~ there is an abounding attention and promoted the consecra- tion and life devotion of college men spmtual vltahty and activity among more than any other idea brought to them in this generation. Men want the .laymen, and a few days later on, bold, possible ideals, impossible pos- sibles. They want something on a owr~ It may abneotahefrewcomhomuursnitlyatewrheorn~ scale that draws them from them- g;o to selves, and that releases them into these great plans of our Lord and thIS IS utterly lacking. What is the Savior.

secret? What are the causes? What Great Responsibilities caI?- be d~ne? especially from the In the second place, I would in- dicate if we are to multiply the numpO.mt of vIew of those gathered in ber of voluntary workers we must place great responsibilities on men thIS room, as we go out this next not now carrying them, on men not now displaying this activity. I think year to enlarge the volume of volun- of one of the greatest laymen in tary service, free and active and strong, and expanding for the spread of this great missionary propaganda?

There was a true word placed in the appeal to the laymen of the coun- try read this afternoon, that this task is so stupendous it can not be ac- complished by the paid secretaries of our La;:men's Movement and by the secretanes of the different mission boards. If we are to permeate the tens of thousands of congregations an~. parishes with the missionary SpIrIt, we must have the cooperation of a vast and growing number of volun~ary workers; therefore I fancy we WIll all agree to-night there will be a great saving of time if we look do~n closely into those processes willch experience has shown multiply the. ntu;tber of vol~ntary workers, and mamtam their actIvity and the free- dom and spontaneity of their service.

* From lvIev. and Missions.

N ew York City in point of influ- contagious. Their downright earnest- ence, at one time not active in this ness, their self-forgetting enthusiasm, work, who has recently become active. their obvious genuineness and reality, I take it that he has had a great a touch more than human in the and definite responsibility placed on springs of their life, these made them him. He was led to see he was in- conductors through whom Christ has dispensable on the human side. He put his touch on other lives. Wher- was a man each hour of whose time ever these people go we find the was worth thousands, yet to my number of voluntary workers multi- knowledge he has given three long plied, workers prone to become for- days to one unselfish plan, and it is mal and selfish, convicted of their only one of the plans occupying his sins, renewing their allegiance, and.

mind and heart. The deeper he has becoming spontaneous and active. In gone into the plan the more impos- other words, Christ in them finds a sible he has found it to continue channel through whom He can con- along the old lines in which he was duct his impulses and his desires.

occupied with selfish interests. Cer- Lost in Christ tain people labored with him, and placed upon him something which he That reminds, me, I would like to was led to see was not being done, place by itself as a cause, if we are that was worth while doing, anu under the weight of that responsi- to maintain spontaneity and vitality bility new energies were released in in our own service, and workers are his life with these splendid results. multiplied, we must lose ourselves in Christ and His cause.

Contagious Ex;amples When we find a man who has be- come so absorbed with this wonder- In the third place,we must have ful Christ and His kingdom that that contagious examples. I fancy if each man has actually-not ostensibly, but one of us would recall the causes actually-forgotten himself, you find a man who has become a center from which led us into service, and which whom are radiating unselfish influhave helped to maintain activity in ences that are multiplying the numtimes when the temptation has been ber of voluntary workers. Christ to become cold and lifeless, we would then has His opportunity. be led almost to a man to assign as one of these efficient causes one or New Life more of these contagious examples.

I have studied these men to ask my- There is a cause I would also em- self what there is about them to make phasize. There must be a constant others catch fire. I think of Henry infusion of new blood, or new life Drummond. In my journeys through into the leadership of a movement, New Zealand and Canada, I am find- the objects of which are to retain ing men who trace the impulse of un- and maintain their spontaneity and selfishness to Drummond. It was activity. As I study these brother- not so much his fascinating and hoods which have sprung up in the transparently clear and helpful expo- life of -the Church in the different sitions of ethical responsibility and centuries, and gone with flush of en- religious responsibility that moved thusiasm up and down communities, men, as it was the effect of his life, and in certain cases, the world, but the way he filled in his leisure, the from which the glory has departed, way he identified himself with the I find there came a period when mat- interests of others, of communities ters became crystallized, profession- and of the world. I think of others, alized, delegated to a few officials.

some of whom have been raised up vVhat an anomaly, what an incon- right here in this Laymen's Move- gruity it would be, if a movement ment, who have made their example that calls itself the Laymen's Mis-

WORKERS WORTH WHILE 45

sionary Movement should ever come vVe may be absolutely sure Christ into that dangerous zone, where we will draw men. It is impossible that would commit to a few committees He be kept before the vision of men and secretaries the main responsibili- in Bible reading, in addresses, in re- ties of the Movement, the genius of minders, in Christ-like imitation, which was, and is, that everyone of without men being drawn into His its members accepts, and carries, and ways, for the simple reason that He seeks, responsibility. Yet I would is Christ, He is the Lord, He has speak my deepest fear that this is power to dominate men; that He has the peril that threatens this Move- power to commission men, that He ment, even young as it is. It would has power to say to men, "Follow be strange if it were otherwise. It Me, turn from your works, be un- would be strange if such a movement selfish, do these mighty deeds." That that fairly vibrates with possibilities is what I mean by promoting vital should not be visited by grave perils. processes. Other topics have bulked Wherever you find responsibilities largely in the life of this Movement with tremendous possibility you have in the last two years. They are perils. necessary, but somehow we must sub- I am not overstating; I think you ordinate them to the greater affairs will agree we must fight for the life and greater ideas if we are going to of the Movement by seeking in every multiply the number of workers.

way in our power to multiply the Another process is to press on men number of laymen who will devote in every wise and convincing way themselves with spontaneity and that, come what may, they must vigor and activity to promoting the maintain the practise of going away Movement itself, and the cause for alone with God for the purposes of which it stands. We must become spiritual renewal. I question whether ingenious in infusing new life into there is a genuine case of spontane- the leadership of this Movement na- OllS activity that is maintained-I like tionally, and in the different cities that word "enduring" in the topic- amI villages. The new influx of without wrenching one's self loose leaders will bring a new influx of fol- from this world, and breaking away lowers, of voluntary workers, whose from the influence of men and the united work we must have spread cross-currents of the world, and with over the continent. In some way we resolution, as a habit, to go apart must greatly expand this volume of with God and meditate on His truth voluntary service. and let it find us, to have communion Promoting Vital Processes with Him, or to use the word again, for purposes of spiritual renewal.

Let me go into the deeper places. This is necessary to keep the voice If we are to maintain activity and of conscience reliable and efficient. spontaneity, vigor and vitality, we If that is not done the work will bemust busy ourselves as leaders with come professional. It is necessary to promoting the vital processes. I can preserve the power of growth. Men not mention all of these. I would have never been known to continue touch two or three. One of them, to expand in character and faith apart to my mind, is to keep passing before from this practise of going alone the maximum number of laymen this with God. It is necessary in order year and every year the living Christ. for men to have vision, and if the I notice wherever Christ is held up people do not have vision the people He draws men out of their selfish- perish.

ness into unselfishness, and that is I was reading the other day these the equivalent of drawing men out words of Bonar, where he said: "It into spontaneous, active work for is impossible for me to go out for the Kingdom. three weeks in Perth and Dundee

and Edinburgh." He had to break It will cost being misunderstood. away from his campaign and go That reminds me of the function of alone, and drink deep from the foun- the vital processes; we must learn tain before he went out on his mis- the cry of the cross, and travel more sion again. It is not an open ques- and more with Christ that way. He tion. It is not optional. It is a mat- went to the heart of the matter in ter that is obligatory if we are to one sentence. "Except a grain of maintain spontaneity as contrasted wheat fall into the ground and die, with formality, if we are to have the it abideth by itself alone, but if it die tides of God coursing through us, it bringeth forth much fruit"-sponand if He is to accomplish His pur- taneity, vitality, movement, rivers of pose. If we are to have a movement, living water. and not simply an organization, we must have these practises in every- I was reading the other morning day life, and never were they more that Psalm where this striking lanneeded than in this day. guage is used; "They shall be full of sap in old age. They shall bring What day has there ever been forth fruit in old age." I wish it when the world has rusht so rapidly, might be said of everyone of us as and it was so difficult for men to we get older and older in years and slow down for the processes that in experience, that we bring forth have always had to be slow, the proc- fruit, that we be filled with sap, with esses of redemption? We think we vitality, spontaneity, that we never lose time. We save time. We must lose our enthusiasm for new and get the men to pay what it costs to larger plans, larger sacrifice, larger maintain this activity. What will it self-denial, larger blending of ourcost? It will cost time. It will cost selves into Christ's wishes and will; resolution. It will cost sacrifice. It He to do his will, and we not to do will cost keeping near the fountains. our will.

THE BIBLE'S RELATION TO FOREIGN MISSIONS ~ BY REV. F. B. MEYER, B.A., LONDON, ENGLAND ~~~~~EXT to the gift of was a Gentile dog. Until God's revelation came to Peter, his view of N rJ Christ, God's greatest a devout Gentile was exprest in the ii. gift to man is the Bible. words "common and unclean." Even I will not eulogize it ; as the Jewish Christians contended with well eulogize a sunset! him because he had gone into a Gen- It is enough to say tile house. And yet, notwithstanding that it is well fitted to become the sacred book of the race. all, the Bible is the Charter ot hu- And herein is a striking proof of its superhuman origin. The Hebrew manity. It is adapted to the univerpeople are more deeply characterized sal life of man as no other book that by racial exclusiveness than any other has ever been written. nation under lieaven. It would have seemed to be impossible to choose I. Because of its high moral tOl1e. men more likely to give to the world One who can speak with authority a narrow and bigoted view of life says; "The classic, philosophical and and its religious interests than from religious books of the East are filled among the Jews. To the ordinary with obscenity. Translations have to Jew, every man of every other race be edited and expurgated by a free hand to avoid shocking the Christian reader. Much coarseness remains in • From The Christian Workers' Magazine.

BIBLE'S RELATION TO FOREIGN MISSIONS

the best translations." Professor comes into our homes and speaks to Max Muller has left these words on us familiarly of our relationships, as record: "I confess that it has been being perfectly acquainted with them; for many years a problem to me how never surprized at our sins and folthe sacred books of the East could lies, correcting, comforting, instructcontain so much that is not only un- ing and blessing-always on the level meaning, superficial, and silly, but of our ordinary human experiences. even hideous and repelling." He had to apologize for omitting passages 3. Because its, language is so transwhich were too revolting to be put latable. It has already been transinto modern language. Professor lated into 420 languages and dialects; and the universal testimony goes to Chamberlain, who translated the Japa- prove that it lends itself to transla- tion with more easy facility than any nese sacred books, says that the other book. It speaks the language whole language of literature might be of every nation under heaven, and ransacked for a parallel to the filthi- whatever language it uses it speaks ness of certain passages. What a it as a native. There is no trace of a contrast to the Scriptures with their foreign accent in its speech. It would injunctions for a pure heart; and be impossible to say as much of Milwhich, tho compelled at times to hold ton or Shakespeare, of Addison or up the looking-glass before the hu- Victor Hugo. Let the attempt be man heart, does so in such a way as made with our greatest classics, our to cause us to hate the awful de- simplest, purest, holiest literature, and formities it narrates. It speaks of it would be as impossible to crowd evil things as our mothers might them with the rude dialects of Africa, have done, with a tone of horror in as to prepare an hotel menu on the their voice. hot stones of an African housewife. – But the remarkable point is that tho 2. Because of its human interest. Scripture creates literature, it is al- It deals with the elemental conditions ways greater than its creations. Proof human life. Had it dealt with the fessor Seeley says: "The greatest conditions introduced into our civili- book of individual literary genius, zation by electricity or steam, or even when placed against the Bible, is like golf, it would have been unintelli- some building of human hands against gible to the majority of mankind. the Peak of Teneriffe." The Lord But its range is so elemental and Bishop of Derry, in his exposition of human. It claims the fisherman, as the Epistle of John, quotes words put it distinguishes between different into our Lord's lips by Victor Hugo, kinds of nets. It claims the husband- and shows how impossible it is to man, as it describes with unerring ac- place them on the same level. Yes, curacy the various processes of agri- the Bible is greater than the greatest culture, and the changeful phases of literature; yet, is translatable into disappointment or success. It claims languages that have none. the shepherd as it describes the dark and stonny day in the mountain-pass, 4. But, above ali, the Bible must or the green pastures and the still become the sacred book of our race, waters. It claims the soldier, for because it alone gives a satisfactory throughout its pages there is the answer to the perennial questions of sound of war. The maiden looks into the human heart. As Dr. Fairbairn its mirror and sees herself in Ruth. has put it: "Man is essentially re- The lover finds himself in Jacob, to whom seven years of service seemed ligious. Look to north, south, east, but as a day for the love he bore to west, and what do you see? Re- Rachel. The rich man and the beg- ligions ! Wherever you turn-man; gar, the landlord and his tenants, the and wherever man-religion. There judge and his court, the king and his is no vanished race or civilization of people-all find themselves here. It which we have historical knowledge,

that did not observe some religious can also tell the directions in which rites. The chief monuments left us that answer will be discovered.

by ancient generations are symbols There Are Mattera on Which Man of religious beliefs. Their pottery, sculpture, and architecture bear wit- Wants to be Informed ness to this. VVe know more about I. He wants to know what God is their religion than about any other like. "My most passionate desire," custom they observed. What may said the late Lord Tennyson, "is for have been their fashions, their po- a fuller, clearer vision of God." Jalitical creeds, or systems, we can not cob said, "What is Thy Name?" and tell. All have faded, but the sym- Philip, "Show us the Father." This bols of their religious life remain." is the universal cry of humanity, and, But tho the religious instinct has been apparently, man has thought that strong in man, it has never been really satisfied. N ature, experien~e, somehow God would reveal Himself under some human manifestation, philosophy, reason, have all contnb- hence the grotesque incarnations of uted their quota to the general store. heathenism-Egyptian, Indian, and Great teachers have come forth to Buddhist. Here the Bible meets the propound their views of the Deity universal inquiry with its inimitable and man's relations with Him, but at portraiture of Jesus Christ, and the the best they have led their pupils record of His words: "He that hath to the shores of the boundless ocean. seen Me hath seen the Father." Crit- They have played as children with . ics of all else have stood silent before the lapping waters, but they have that mystery of beauty. As even never succeeded in discovering· the Rousseau says: "If the life and continents that lie beneath the hori- death of Socrates were those of a zon. Henry Drummond said: "Men sage, the life and death of Jesus were could find out the order in which the those of a God." Only in the Bible world was made. What they could do we learn that the Word was made not find out was that God made it flesh, that God was in Christ, that To this day they have not found God was manifest in the flesh. In out." Professor Tyndale said: "The speaking of the Savior, we feel that mind of man may be compared to a it is not enough to say that He was musical instrument with a certain divine. Not divinity but Deity is His range of notes, beyond which, in both sufficient attribute.

directions, we have an infinitude of 2. Man also longs to know what is silence. The phenomena of matter God's attitude toward sin. Will He and force lie within our intellectual forgive, and can it be put away? The range, and as far as they reach we answer is given in the Bible as no- will, at all hazards, push our in- •where else. There we learn that man is not required to bring a sacrifice to quiries; but beyond and above and God, because God, in the person of around all, the real mystery of this Christ, has made of Himself a sacriuniverse lies unsolved; and as far as fice. "God was in Christ, reconciling we are concerned, it is incapable of the world unto Himself." The cersolution." Do not these words con- tainty and sufficiency of that answer firm the apostolic statement that in has been revealed in the fact that the wisdom of God, the world by its "wherever this Christian message has wisdom knew not God? From the penetrated, the sacrificial altars have ineffective stirrings of man's unaided been deserted, and the dealers in sac- rificial victims have found no more religiousness we are led to determine purchasers. If there is one thing that God could not leave man to grope forever in the dark. Surely clearer than another, in the history of He was bound to answer the ques- religion, it is that the death of Christ tions of His own Qffs{lrin~; <tQ we put an end to all blood sacrifices.

Why should they be offered, if once a spiritual existence which survives in the end of the world Christ ap- the death of the body. The ancestral peared to put away sin by the sacri- worship of China, the crude belief fice of Himself? And that men be- in ghosts, the striving after the Nirlieved He had done so is clear in the vana, all attest the same faith. Even cessation of altars and victims, wher- in the earlier stages of the Hebrew ever the Bible message has been re- race, the knowledge of the future was ceived. The comfort of heart and very fitful. Sometimes the light flared conscience, apart from outward pen- up a little, and then flickered down ance and austerity, which have en- to the socket and a somber gloom fell sued on its reception also attest the upon the greatest spirits, depressing sufficiency as well as value of this them into a profound melancholy. Gospel of good news. The pagan chieftain who compared the history of the soul to the flight 3. Further, man desires power unto of a bird through the rude palace~ salvation. The nonchristian is not structure, coming out of the dark, destitute of moral ideals, but he lacks making its brief passage through the the power to realize them. Dr. Ar- lighted hall, and going forth in the thur H. Smith, in his "Uplift of dark again, is an apt specimen of the China," writes: "The moral precepts of Buddhism and Confucianism elicit findings of the keenest and purest our praise, but their powerlessness to souls, apart from Christianity. How uplift their people morally is evi- great the contrast between all this denced by the prevalence of deceit, and the words of Jesus: "He that dishonesty, lying, mutual suspicion, believeth in me, tho He were dead, and the total eclipse of insincerity." yet shall he live, and whosoever liv- The Bible not only creates a higher eth and believeth in me shall never ethic than any of them, but enforces die." But His teaching was only a and illustrates it by a perfect ex- part of His message, and it was far ample. It does more. By its insist- outdistanced by' His own glorious ence on the necessity of the new birth and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, resurrection. To quote the valuable it makes it possible for the righteous- admission of Dr. Harnack: "The ness of perfect precept and perfect grave of Jesus was the birthplace of ethic to be realized. "The sum of the indestructible belief that death is New Testament doctrine is that there vanquished and that there is a life is an immediate action of the Spirit eterna1." As Dr. Geike says: "Imof God on the souls of men." In the mortality was an open question, until New Testament alone the Holy Spirit Jesus rose from the dead. In that is referred to nearly 300 times, and act He showed what He had taught. the one word that is associated with His safe journey through the shadow, Him is power. In no other literature and His reappearance, banished doubt is such emphasis laid on the nature, and made argument impertinent." guilt, and consequences of sin; in no And there can be no moral doubt that other literature is so high a standard He rose. In the words of Dr. Westupraised for the soul's quest and ap- cott: "There is no single historic inpropriation; and in no other litera- cident, better or more variously supture is there such clear revelation of forgiveness, pardon, cleansing, right- ported, than the resurrection of Jesus eousness and faith, and of that divine Christ. He abolished death, and power which is communicated from brought life and immortality to light through the Gospe1." the Father, through the Son, and by 5. },Ifan also desires to know if the Holy Spirit indwelling the heart. there is any ascertainable basis of re- 4. Man longs to know if there be ward and punishment in the future.

a Future Life, and if so, what and This question also is answered in tht: where? All races seem to believe in Bible as nowhere else. The Hindu hopes for loss of personality, the M;Q-

hammedan a paradise of sensuality, unrighteous still; he that is filthy, let the Buddhist for the eternal calm of him be filthy still" (Rev. 22: II), Nirvana. These conflicting guesses they unfold an overwhelming antici- reduce the outlook on the future to pation of projection into the future an inextricable chaos. How different state of the moral attitude and habit the teaching of Scripture ! We are of this. And if men continue sinning told that the moral law which pre- in the next life, and remain unright- vails on this side of death, will pre- eous and filthy, what can there be for vail on the other. Its inexorable them but moral and spiritual suffer- rectitude will hold eternally. The ing, which will be the more acute, as right will always be right in all the impossibility of retrieving the past possible worlds; the wrong, always becomes more apparent. wrong. Those whose choice and ac- tions are wilfully inconsistent with "Say ye to the righteous," said the the dictates of rectitude, so far as prophet, "that it shall be well with they know it-and every moral being him; for they shall eat the fruit of does know it, to some extent-suffer their doings" (Isaiah 3 : 10). It in this life, and must suffer in the shall be well for the righteous in the next. Nothing can be clearer than eternal future, because, whatever may the teaching of the Word of God on be the other positive regards of a – this matter. God, says the Apostle, holy life, this is the most conspicu- ous that holiness is happiness, that to "will render to every man according be like God is to be blest, that im- to his deeds. To them that are con- munity from the war of the flesh tentious and do not obey the truth, will be an unspeakable felicity. but obey unrighteousness, indignation and wrath, tribulation and anguish, "Wo unto the wicked! it shall be upon every soul of man that doeth ill with him, for the reward of his evil, of the Jew first, and also of the hands shall be given him" (Isaiah Gentile. As many· as have sinned 3 : I I) . Whether he has sinned under law shall be judged by law against the full light of Gospel privi- (i.e., the law revealed in Scripture); lege, or in the twilight of heathenism, but as many as have sinned without still wrong-doing, wrong-speaking, law shall also perish without law" wrong-being, can not but bring mis- (Rom. 2:6, 8, 9, 12). The idea ery, because inconsistent with the seems widely diffused that the hea- nature of things, with the moral or- then will all be saved, because they der of the universe, and with per- know no better. But there is no war- fect love. Whatever falls short of rant for that belief in Scripture. Read that love and revolves still around again those solemn words just quoted: the pivot of self-interest, can not "As many as have sinned without know the heaven of God, whkh is law shall also perish without law." only possible to those who love. It is of the Gentile nations that our Lord said, "These shall go away into The command of our Lord to take eternal punishment" (Matt. 25: 46) ; His Gospel to every creature is a and that word eternal means the timeless condition of being which lies sufficient warrant for taking it to all on the other side of the veil of death. the world; but is it not permitted to A very profound suggestion as to us in the light of what we have been the future is contained in those words considering to enter into our Lord's of our Lord, "Shall be guilty of an purpose? The Bible alone contains in full-orbed beauty the divine revela- eternal sin" (Mark 3: 29 R. V.). tion. We alone have the knowl- Taken in connection with the closing edge which all men desire. We alone are the trustees of the human family. paragraph of the Book of Revelation, We are, therefore, debtors to all, Greek and barbarian, bond and free. "He that is unrighteous, let him be Are we not deserving of the severest censure if, having the sacred fire en-

A GOOD STORY FROM ARABIA

kindled in our hearts, we do not the Coliseum, that broken wheel of share its glow and heat with those history. We had gathered to celewho are drenched with the cold spray brate Christian worship. The Italian of a wintry sea? Even the bar- atmosphere was full of sunshine and barians might teach us better. "The brilliant glory. It seemed impossible barbarians," writes Luke, "shewed us to believe that we were standing on no common kindness, for they kindled dust which had been saturated with a fire, and received us everyone, the blood of the martyrs of Jesus, because of the present rain, and be- who sealed with their blood their tescause of the cold" (Acts 28: 2) . timony to the Book. The Coliseum commemorates the fall of Rome; the We may gain encouragement for Arch of Titus the fall of Jerusalem; our task from the history of the the Arch of Constantine the fall of Christian centuries. What a story they Paganism; but, amid the decay of have to tell. The Bible revolutionized these mighty systems of human pride the position of woman, abolished in- and wisdom, that Book survived, the fanticide, secured respect for child- parent of greater civilizations than hood and reverence for age, covered any it displaced. Europe with hospitals, asylums, and schools, conquered the conquerors of Let us, then, scatter the Scriptures. Rome, and built up, tinally, a Chris- They are leaves from the tree of life, tian civilization on the ruins of Pa- which are for the healing of the naganism. I once stood, Bible in hand, tions. The fruit of the tree is for with a thousand fellow Christians in food, and the leaves for medicine.

A GOOD STORY FROM ARABIA * BY IBRAHIM MUSKOF WENTY_FOUR years the story of the sermon, and he could fTl ago a missionary left not throw it off, but spent a sleepless , U rumiah to return to night thinking of Moses and the ser- pent and the wilderness. So he knelt America. He stopt and prayed to God that He would send some one to him who could . the caravan on Sun- teach him more about the wonderful verse which he had once heard and day, because he would never forgotten. Then it seemed as tho he was in a dream. Some one not travel on the Lord's said to him, "To-morrow morning people will come to you carrying holy day, and invited all the people of books, and they will explain to you the caravan to stop and hear him the verse which is perplexing you." So he got up before sunrise and sat preach that day. As they were sit- by the wayside, expecting the fulfill- ment of the promise he had received ting on the ground, he opened the in his dream. And the place where he sat was a little village in Oman, Gospel and read John 3: 14, and between Birket ( where George E. Stone died) and Urn Sana. At about preached on that text to all those one o'clock, Arabic time, my brother Seyyitl and I, on our way from who were listening. 'When the ser- mon was finished he offered prayer, the caravan broke up the following day and traveled on.

"One of the men in the caravan on his journeyings and wanderings came to Bahrein, and then settled down and lived in the mountains of Oman. One night there came to his memory .. The following story. from "Neglected Arabia," was taken from the lips of one of the colporteurs of the Arabian Mission (R. C. A.). Ibrahim Muskaf, with his brother Saeed has toured in the mountains of Oman for many years. It is a selection from many sitnilar experiences ~hich £all to the lot of those who carry the Word of God, and leaves no doubt in our minds that the Word of God is living and powerful, and that its wide circulation, together with the simple preaching of the Gospel, will yield fruit in God's own time, as bread cast upon the waters:

Muscat to the Batinah, reached this had come, he said, "I find I am in place on the road. This particular debt to tell the news which I have village was a place where they never heard, to a dear old friend of mine, allowed us to sell books because of a brother who lives in this village. fanaticism; nor were the people obe- So he went to the bazaar and brought dient to the Sultan of Muscat. They a man named Abd Erub, from Hybelonged to the Beni Saad, who are derabad, India, who also desired a in constant rebellion against Seyyid Bible, saying, "I have heard from Fasil, the ruler of Muscat, and on my brother Mirza you have with you a previous journey they not only a precious Book which leads men to took away the books from my brother, the way of Truth." At first he wanted but beat him and burned the books it for nothing, but we told him that publicly. That is why we hoped to we only sold books, so he paid for enter the village secretly, buy some it. After we had eaten, we went to food and then get away before trouble the bazaar and were surprized to see should come to us. But we saw the Abd Erub sitting in his shop reading man sitting on the road, and his the Bible and explaining it to a name was Mirza; he rose, smiling, crowd which had gathered around and said: "Come on; everything is him and Mirza. A discussion was ready and I am expecting you." We going on between them, so they asked thought it was only a trick to get us to sit down and help them exus into the town where they would treat us iII, but we followed him, plain some of the verses in the Bible.

nevertheless, and came to his house. That same night we were sur- There he gave us refreshments, cof- prized that they invited us to come fee and food, even tho he belonged to the Shiah sect, which seldom do and stay at their house, where a comthis with Christians. Immediately he pany of friends had collected to hear began to ask us about the Holy Book, the message of the Book. After a and bought a Bible in Persian and discussion of three hours the people in Arabic, and said, "Please show me went away, and the only ones left the verse about Moses lifting up the were Mirza and his brother and ourserpent in the wilderness." When selves. He also witnessed that Jesus we explained to him this verse and was his only hope, and that he bethe message of the Gospel, he began lieved Christ was alive at the right to understand and to believe that the hand of God, interceding for His serpent in the wilderness was indeed people, after which we closed the a type of Christ, and that Jesus was meeting in mutual prayer for each the Savior of sinners. other and returned to our house.

We stayed with him three days. At After two days we went on our the last he was bold in his confes- journey, selling books in other vilsion that Jesus Christ was the Son lages, and in a couple of days we of God, the Savior of the world, and heard, much to our surprize, that that apart from Him there was no Abd Erub had died. When a few salvation. He took from us Bibles days later we called on Mirza to and sold them himself publicly. When express our sympathy in his loss, we the three days were up we asked saw that he was sorrowful and yet permission to go, and left him. full of joy. He said, "I am glad that my brother died believing in We then went to Urn Sam., and Christ, before persecution or trouble we stayed at the house of a man came to him because of his faith." there who was also an inquirer, Now all the people in that region named Rashid; and after we had call him Mirza Injiii, or Mirza the been there two days, we found that Gospel man. He has endured perse- Mirza had followed us to this very cution in no small degree because of viIIage. When we asked him why he his boldness in confessing Christ and reading the Bible to the people."

EDITORIALS

MODERN VIEWS OF MISSIONS deepening and elevating this work? It is possible to spread out the mission- IT is true that modern views of ary ideal so thin that it loses stability missions are broader than they and strength. In the desire to heal were fifty or one hundred years ago. men's bodies, the souls are too often To-day the denominations are c1o.s~r neglected, not from choice, but from together, and differe.nce~ are mllll- pressure of work. Many physicians mized; the evangelIzation of ~he and nurses are ideal missionaries, but world includes not only preachmg others never truly reveal Christ by the simple Gospel, but teaching secu- life and word. In schools and collar subjects in elen;entary.' s~cor:dary leges so much emphasis is placed .on and higher educatIOnal mstltutlOns; high secular standards of educatIon men women and children are taught that non-Christian teachers are emindu'strial trades; not only the Bible, ployed and exert a positive anti-chrisbut all kinds of books and papers are tian influence. Industrial work too printed and distributed; hosl?itals and often turns aside from tr~ining Chrisdispensaries are conducted m almost tians to self-support, and seeks to every land to heal the .body. ~h.e make money or is diverted into trainpreaching of the Gospel III the angI- ing all comers to make money as nal sense of the good tidings of eter- their chief aim. nal life through Jesus Christ forms only a part of the missionary's wor~; Some cases have come to our noindeed there is reason to fear that It tice of results that cause us to stop too often forms a secondary and en- and think. A well-known missiontirely subordinate part of the work ary said in public that he never asked done by many sent out as ambassa- those who came to help in his medidors of Christ. cal mission if they were Protestant Christians or what they believed. It is right that the conception of They were there to heal the body. the missionary's work should be Again, at the recent Student Misbroader than it was fifty years ago, sionary Conference at Liverpool, soand that not only ordained men, but cial service at home had quite as physicians, business men and women large a place as spiritual ne~ds and should go out to take their part in opportunities abroad. Atter:tlOn ~as the great work of .exten~in&" the thus diverted from the mam object Kingdom of God. It IS Chnsthke to of the convention. show sympathy with men's physical ills, and so to win them to Christ Is not the remedy and the safewho will cure their spiritual ills. It guard to gain a clearer vision of is wise Christian statesmanship to Christ and to keep in mind the prime use every means to build up an in- importance of spiritual things: a telligent, self-supporting natiye chur~h spiritual message, by spiritual methby means of schools· and mdustnal ods, with spiritual power? work. It is necessary to forestall infidel literature and text-books by THE GREAT DISASTER AND ITS the translation, publication, and circulation of Christian literature that LESSONS go where missionaries can not, and that will be powerful agents in bless- HUNDREDS of hearts are bleeding men. ing and thousands more are sor- rowing as a result of the loss of the But the question arises and will giant ocean ste~mship T~tanic.. This not down-are we not in danger, in latest disaster IS the pnce paId for these days, of broadening r.ather than the mad rush to excel in speed, in luxury, in wealth. A proper precau-

tion in the lookout, in providing a would have risked their lives to save sufficient number of boats, in slower these from the watery grave. Conprogress through the icefields of tempt is felt for those who would which the officers had warning, might refuse to help in such an hour, and have saved 1,600 men and women all honor is given to men who chose from a death for which many of to save others rather than themselves. them were unprepared. It is not for Remember that in China alone as us to place the blame. God gave a many souls pass into eternity every clear and calm night, or the loss hour as went down with the Titanic. would have been even greater. What are we doing by our gifts of time, of money, of self to take to Out of this sad disaster may come them the glad tidings of life. If we blessing. Already steamers are tak- save men from shipwreck it is but ing greater precautions and making for a few brief days more on earth, more adequate provisions for safety. but if we link them to Jesus Christ Will men and women take to heart it will not only save them from shipthe greatest lesson of all? When will wreck and give them eternal life, but we learn the uncertainty of life and will enable them in turn to be sathe certainty of death? Those who viors of others. When will men have life in. Christ need not fear the learn to have as high an estimate of passing through the Shadow. They spiritual things as they have of mabut "fall asleep" to awake in the terial. God give us the spiritual presence of the King. What a vast sense. difference this view, this certainty, THE FUTURE OF THE REVIEW makes in our estimate of values and in our use of time and money. There W ORD has reached tlS from tirne were brave men and women on the to time that rumors are afloat Titanic, and heroic deeds were done, in reference to the future of the REbut how changed would have been VIEW. It is well, therefore, to make the lives of many that Sunday if a plain statement of facts. they. had but known what was coming! When will we learn not to Nearly thirty-five years ago the grasp at fleeting pleasures and taw- REVIEW was founded by Rev. dry wealth and jewels that divert us Royal G. Wilder as an independent, from the things that are truly worth interdenominational forum for the while-the service of God, the loving fearless presentation of facts and the deeds to man, the development of unbiased discussion of missionary character that stands the test of problems. Ten years later, a few crises. When will we learn to live days before the death of Mr. Wilder, in time conscious of the reality of Dr. Arthur T. Pierson agreed to take eternity? This can only be when we the editorship, and with same modifilive in the fellowship and power of cations, continued the policy of the Jesus Christ. former editor. Withotlt being a finan- cial burden to any board or group of Again, men stand aghast at the societies or individuals, the editors carelessness and greed that puts and publishers have given to the pubtwo thousand lives in peril. Why do lic a world-wide view of the progress we not look with greater horror and of Christian missions at home and more earnestly demand reform when abroad. We have sought to avoid we see millions of men imperilled by prejudice. and to present facts fearneedless dangers, like the saIoon, the lessly and in the Spirit of Christ. brothel and the gambling den? The REVIEW has been a large Another thought forces itself upon factor in shaping the policy and in us in the Titanic disaster. The whole recording the progress of the Kingcivilized world was shocked at the dom of God. Missionaries have first sudden loss of 1,600 lives. Thousands heard their call in its pages, laymen would have given their money or

GENERAL' STATISTIQS OF iMISSIONS IN :AFRrCA *'

__-.,.__ ~! ..,…F,..O_R_E_IG-;_N _M_I_S,..SI_o_N_A_R_I_E_S_-,_ _ NATIVE WORKIt:R.S STATIONS CHRISTIAN COllMUNIIY .AND CONTRIBUTIONS I Physicians !

COUNTRIES AND SOCIETIES 2 -3 4 6 NORTHEAST AFRICA (Egypt, East Sudan, Eritrea, Abyssinia and ~maliland) American Societies Bethel OrI!Jlana~e Faith Mission ••.•.•••••…••••.. 1901 1 1 1 Board of For. l11iss.. Presbyterian Chul"ch •.•…•… 1854 22 Penie1 .Missionary Society .•…•..•..•..••.•…•.. 1895 9 4 2, 28 34 124 46. 526 572 I 12 189 1,122 9,939 35,144 203 14,G78 Pent""ost Bands of the World•••••••••••••••••••• 1905 2 3 3 6 6' 1 ~eventh-Day Adventist Mission Board Ii! •• " ••••••••• 1902 2 4 8 6 6 2 2 3 3 1 7 2 3 5 4 10 ·40 16 Totals, 5 American Societies .••….•••.••…….. 24 9 30 33 43 143 48 541 5S9 20 191 62 1,122 35,184 205 14,6~4 British Societies British and Foreign Bible Society …………….. . 1812 3 2 ,5 a 5.3 53 2 ,- Church Missionary Society ••••••• 00' ••••••••••••••• 1882 39 39 7 Egypt General M1ssion •••..••••..••••••••..••.••.• 1897 4 5 17 31 20 81 174 5 20 19 19 6 I Jerusalem and the East Mission ••.•••…•…••..•.• 1890 7 1'II'ile Mission Press .•.••.••.••.••.•••.•••••.••••••• 1905 4 J 8 3 North Africa Mission ••••••.•.••••••••••..•••.••.• 1892 2 2 2 25 25 1 '50 *200 Y. W. C. A., })ritish National Foreign Department .. 1902 1 2 3 8 3 8 11 3 3 2' 165 2 2 1 Totals, 7 British Societies….•……. '" ………. . 10 21 14 30 76 3 144 147 23 4 20 131 2 165 Continental Societies Evangelisk aW. Fosterlands -Stiftelsen .••.••. .•. .•..•..• 1867 11 18 1 37 68 71 10 2 8 184 502 *2,008 Rheiwsch, Diakonissen Ver cin .•…•.• estfil~~er 30 30 2 40 ;,udan t'lonler MISSlOll ••..•••• _..••••……..•..• 1900 Ver. tot Uitbreiding v. bet Evangelie in Egypte ….. . 11lS6 2 1 2 6 3 3 2 2 2 4 E. 8 1 3 37 Totals, 4 Continental Societies ..•..•..••••..•..•..• 125 15 21 33 77 3 82 15 3 8 187 5U 2,168 3 lU Grand Totals for Northeast Africa, 16 Societi~s ….. . 49 12 4 58 68 IQ6 296 54 764 818 58 198 70 1,329 10,619 37,726 2tl 15,024 NORTHWEST AFRICA (Tripoli, Tunis, Algeria, Morocco) American Societies Board of J.'or. Miss'J Methodist Episcopal Church ••• 1908 2 2 4 9 1 7 l"or. Mi••• Board, Southern Baptist COnve.ution •••••. 3 72 97 Gospel Missionary Uriion •••.••..••••••••' ••.••••••. 2 3 2 3 8 Totals, 3 American Societies .•••••.••.•••.•…..••. 4 17 — —– —– — 72 97 70 British Societies British and I<'oreign Bible :;)ociety .•••.•…••….••• 1824 3 6 '5 3 Central Morocco ,I.1ission .•.•••..•..•.••.•••••••••• 1886 Christian Missions ill Many Lands•••.••..•••••..•. 1883 3 2 3 26 50 '200 7 5 North Africa Mission.•..•……•.••.•••…..•…. 1882 2 14 6 2 2 16 40 74 ~outherll Morocco Mission …..••.••.•••..•.••.•.. 1888 21 21 IS 2 9 I 5 5 17 375 Co 4 1 Totals, ,5 British Societies . . . • . . • . . . . . • • . . . . . • . . • . . 13 5 2 17 29 48 114 26 26 30 26 50 200 ContinentaJ Societies 375 a. Mission 1Ylayor Moknea," •••••••••••,•••.••.••••••• 1883 1 – ~ 2 Miss. Proie'stanle J..'ram.;aH;e en .Kabyhe ••……….. 1886 6 *24 7 320 Tvtals, 2 Continental Societies…•..•.•..•..•…… 3 8 2 6 Independent Societies Algiers Mission Band •••••.. ~ •..••..• ".••..••.••. 1888 2 2 8 12 1 2 2 2 28 ~issiol1' to Spaniards in Aliena and 1Vll.a ••••••••• 1889 3 1 4 2 2 56 106 '1'otaI6, 2 Independent Socielies ….•.•••.••.•….. 5 3 8 16 3 2 56 106 2 Grand 'totals for Norlhwe5t Africa, 12 Societies …. 28 ZI 6 2 24 39 64 155 27 28 39 12 26 184 19 7g3 WESTERN AFRICA (Senegal, Guinea, Siena Leone, Liberia, Gold. Coa:-.;t, 1Jahomey, West ~udan and. Nlgena.

American and Canadian Soc~eties Hoard (If }<'or..Miss., Ge..'l. Synod. Evau. Luth. ClI.•. 1860 4 3 8 2 23 25 1 20 150 * 600 Board of' For. Miss.• Methodist ~piscopal Cburch 1 •• 1833 J 1,50 b 2 " 2 16 31 M 115 5 44 48 600 3,990 *15,000 62 3.510 2 Chl-istian and lVIissionary Alliance …… _, ….•.•… 1890 4 1 I J IlJ b "4 30 80 8 2 J Christian Woman's Board of Missions ..•……. , ~,' . 19.07 1 2 I 3 4 *16 Vom. and ,For. Miss. Soc", j;lro!estant ~piscopa) loll. 1~35 I 7 2 4 10~ 13J 2 54 14 189 2,434 4,350 42 2,367 4 2 Dom F ron tier an d Fo r. nMa lIS.sl. 1a:p:tio~sct., ~Uonnvlet endt~ol klle t~h.c.e. u. lS9i 1 4 1 U 4 4 2 3 20 50 150 2 100 Fur.. tMi ss. Hua rd, Nat io 18S8 7 S 13 18 2 3 17 1 9 3 19 3 241 *900 8 137 For Miss. Hoard Southern .llapbSlt COllventIOIl … . 1850 4 2 13 .For: Miss. Society, United .Brethren in Christ 1 •••• 1855 3 13 2 29 31 5 68 116 886 *3.544 22 445 5 2 2 18 4 54 5~ 6 116 705 2.858 IS General Conference of !<'ree llaptists •.•••..•.•" ..•. 19UU 2 818 2 1 10 MeHllOuite Brethren in Christ Missionary Society •• Miss. Soc., African M.ethodist Episc!lpal .l:ion C~ul"ch 6 2 2 4 4 8 12 2 3 11 3.49 717 7 .682 Miss. Soc. of the Wesl~yan Melhod!sts of. Amenc~ .. 1899 2 5 11 Parent Miss. ~oc., Air-can Methodist Ep1scopa1 Ch. 1893 26 5 5 1 3 1 s_ 5G *ZOO 5 ' -S8~ 3 32 8 Seventh..Day Adventist Mission Board •••..•..•••.• 1894 1 4 12 6 18 30 92 611 .1.400 14 1 Sudan Interior Mission ……………………… . 189Z 4 12 13 1 1 60 60 3 55 12 4 20 2 Totals, 16 American Societies••••••.•…..••. , •.•.. 66 J 23 36 29 164 78 345 423 46 248 HI 1,139 9,560 29,905 185 8,S44 British Societies Church Missionary ~ociety …………………. . 1816 24 9 14 25 75 79 434 513 23 a_ a_ '143 14,078 43,707 a_ ~- 10 3 a_ 25 150 400 1,000 ,Primitive M.ethodist Missionary ~ociety ••..•…..••. 1870 6 4 4 13 1 13 14 6 IG 4J.! Qja lho. Mis~ion …………………………. .. 1887 1 7 245 1,170 'S,OOO 4 .2J15/l !)ociety for the llropagation of the Gospel t> ••••••••• 1852 7 8 10 2 16 35 35 5 42 5 1,859 10 438 2 1 13 88 489 663 Soc1ety for the Spread of the Gospel· •.••• , •..• : .••. 1792 I 2 10 3 6 9 5 12 607 *2,414 30 12 United Free Church of Scotland'. ~'or. M,SS. Com .. 1846 8 1 1 86 87 1 28 44 United Methodist Church Missionary Society •••••• 1859 1 11 38 2 80 82 9 31 14 295 1,465 3,820 35 2,228 20 588 2,545 3,979 18 1,546 OVesleyan Methodistl Missionary SOclety ………… . 1811 23 2 7 112 119 1 16 53 29.521 —. 30,991 120,629 269 8 45 65 660 725 18 1,105 'fotals, 8 British Societies…………………. .. 70 3 1 52 200 158 1,426 1,584 1,244 ll2 1,384 51,495 181,80S 4U 37,446 Continental Societies Evangelischc Mimollsgesellschaft zu BaseL…….. 1828 29 21 25 3 79 21 238 259 11 183 113 855 9,971 22,213 8 '457 N orddeutsche Missionsgesellschaft•.• _… . . . . ••. •••• 1847 23 J 16 8 50 2 166 168 8 115 89 329 7,007 *13,072 1 Societe des Missions evangeliques……………… 1863 2 1 3 6 1 1 15 115 Totals, 3 Continental Societies •….••••……•…. 5. 25 11 135 23 405 428 298 2Q2 1,1840 16,g93 35,400 8 451 International Society Sudan Uuited Mission………………………. 1904 3 10 19 2 5 '- Indigenous Society Native Baptist Union of West Africa…………… 1899 2 10Q 102 15 15 285 I,SBS 610 Grand Totals for West Africa, 29 Societies …….. . 195 10 2 88 125 92 518 261 2,277 2,538 141 1,807 470 3,751 78,334 248,702 623 47,357 – SOUTHWEST AFRICA (Kamerun, French Kongo, Belgian Kongo, Angola, German ~outhwest Africa) American Societies American Baptist Foreign Mission Society••••.•..• 1884 ,17 3 1 — 14 1 36 -9 373 382 10 '264 33 715 4,772 11,272 91 5,875 American Board of Commissioners for For. Miss.~ .• 1880 1 1 7 8 25 88 18 3 304 3,454 1,222 Board of For. Miss., Methodist Episcopal Church '. 1885 – 8 2 7 3 6 17 – 23 88 5 7 129 4 ~oard of For. Miss., Pres~tenan Church in U. S. A. 1842 — 1 70 42 11 17 205 240 10 50S Christian and Missionary lliance ..•..••.••..•….. 1887 9 6 — 2 19 42 –4 80 23 4 1,825 *7,200 2,906 Exec. Com. of For. Miss., Presbyterian Ch. (South) 1891 —- 10 5 26 178 2 -13' 138 -9 Foreign Christian Missionary Society .•••••. , •.••.• 1899 9- —-1 3 18 52 74 7 1 34 283 48:J – 2 11 3 -2-0 10 *26,500 15 Totals, 7 American Societies.•• , .•..•…..•….•. – 10 1 —1 – -1-1 — 80 9 1 796 6,638 4,200 – -4 25 175 832 – -1-6 216 – – – *1,800 – -15 Britiah SOciCticli – – 3 3 6Q 65 178 2 359 — – -45-1 144 -1-,50-0 — SQ,949 ~ –7-2 —1 62 14,478 16,2Q8 2,O.U 63 15 897 38 Angola Evangelical Mission.••.••…..•..•……… 1898 – – – 6 2 8 16 — – -S 1- – – – 3,117 *12,468 – – Baptist Missionary Society'………………….. 1879 3 1 64 —–1 631 12 390 *128 .- ..24 Christian Missions in Many Lands….••••..•…•.. 1881 -34 2 —- 24 11 51 631 -8-32 250 Primitive Methodist Missionary Society…………. 1870 4 -23 15 1 I 30 30 11 – 11 12 250 "'1,00.0 *135 . *1,503 Regions Beyond Missionary Union………………. 1889 14 –2 —– 7 3 – SOCiety for the Propagation of the Gospel …..•..•.. 1859 — —.6- 2 —-7 38 4 5 3 250 500 — -.–.- 7 – -5 38 11 28 –4-4 -44 – -15 Totals, 6 British Societies.••••••.••••..•..••..•.. – 57 4 6 708 6 35 6 847 166 3,000 -'- – -1 —- 55 ~ — —5 5 —- —-560 2,945 470 182 709 44 — 440 151 4,343 19,913 170 2,223 , Continental Societies Evangelisehe Miasionsgesellschaft zu Basel……… 1886 38 ———-1 – 15 27 3 84 1 234 235 12 256 204 1,000 4,562 9,171 — -.-. Finska Missionasillskapet •….••…..••…..•….. 1870 17 I 3 -35 2,S~. 1 Mission Philafricaine ……………………….. 1897 2 20 -1 -~ 16 37 — -35 8 15 – 7 1-11 -768 683 Missionsgese11schaft der Deutschen Baptisten ••..•.. 1892 3 1 – — 1 1 .– 1;180 Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft •••••••••••••••.••. 1842 12 — 8 3 49 50 105 Societe des Missions evangeliques………………. 1892 4 10 3 28 — 112 5 57 7 684 '1,587 3,7i7 '–10 (i~ Svenska Missionsforbundet ………………….. 1881 36 – 23 27 4 75 112 26 13,096 — 11 2 30 —2 79 79 12 12 —– 4,654 —6 — -67-4 Totals, 7 Conthiental Societies ………………… – –1-3 — 68 4 48 1,369 – — 3,806 2,537 —1 – -12 -1-5 – -5-0 -10-0 -1-0-0 1,900 Grand Total. for Southwest Africa, 20 Societies… – -1-1-8 3 – -53 609 7 89 – -1-3 1,628 20,988 238 102 – -104 – -3-0 -30-7 — 21g 83 664 — — — -61-1 –6-3 -4-7-7 -2-4-3 4,792 2,149 – – – – – -14-,56-8 32,339 17 2,217. 145 1,216 456 33,389 103,2DI 331 , , MADAGASCAR AND MAURITIUS American Societies Lutheran Board' of lIisslons …..• , .•.•………..• 1895 3 1 – – 3 4 10 -3 , 35 – 41 United Norwegian Lutheran Church of America ••.. 1893 8 – 21 55 38 3 39 —-4 – – – —400 850 Totals, 2 American Societies ..•…..•..•……….. —- —1 – -8 – -4 — – — — I 11 B — — –5-5 – -6 -4-7 – 41 – – 5-7-4 -1-,66-1 — – — 1 3 93 9 86 4 974 2,511 ;…. 11 31 9Q British Societies Church Mi..ionary Society …………………… 1856 3 – ——- – 1 6 10 5 58 63 6' .- '18-2 '18-2 114 451 1,593 "- ,- Friends' Foreign Mission Associatlon …….••….. 1867 1 9 9 6 25 682 London Missionary Society ……. '.' ..•…….•… 1820 – 5 20 – 2,698 682 7 613 -3.59 • 2,523 . 18,165 1"'3 4,879 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel ….•.•..• 1836 -1 4 44 . _4 0- 3,206 12 30,370 147,346 23,583 Totals, 4- British Societies ……………… , ……. 14 – -1 – -2 6 14 508 4 –3-, –4-2 – – – – – 220 – -96-6 4,038 –554 – — IS 32 — 9 3,478 49 832 224. 693, 34,310 171,142 40 -l-,43-5 – -5 — — 737 22 2 22 93 — — 29;897 29 522 4,000 Continental Societies Noroke Missiollsselskab ……………………….. 1866 41 – — 1 – 4 37 15 98 80 1,640 1,720 30 – 850 – 24,840., 71,101 .766 21,D70 Societe des Missions evangeliques……..•……… 189, 1 20 4 – – 286 a- , – 9.048, 37,048 Totals, 2 Continental Societies ..•••••.•••…•.••.•. – -14 – – – -9 – -47 –7-1 -2-0-8 -2-7-9 – -12 – —- 33,888: 108,749 76. 21.070 – 55 — — 145 lSI — — -".– –.–:-; ~.,… — – – 13 1,848 1,999 42 57 19 286 850 34 Indigenous Society ~. – Malagasy' Missionary Society •.••••••..••••••.•.••. 1869 – 46 5,450 – – – – – – – – – – Grand Totals for Madagascar & Mauritius, 9 Societies — – – —- – — — — 12 — —- 48 – -.- — – – – -1-,08-6 *4,30Q. ,cil .-,1,-44-1 6,138 8Q 734 70.a5S 281i,102 1,534 51,408 88 4 29 IQQ 49 Z69 688 — 1,204 1,126 • Condensed from The W""ld Atlas of Christi"" MisJion. (Student Volunteer Movelllent). WESTERN AFRICA NORTHEAST AFRICA I Includes data for Woman's Society. 1 No repar,t for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicants. • Includes some work in Algeria. I NNoot rerecpoordrtefdo.r Baptized Chri9ltians other than the number of CODlIllunicant •• I Colporteurs under the immediate direction of the Bible Society. I " Not reported. .. Net increase. NORTHWEST AFRICA 1 Colporteurs under the immediate direction of the Bible Society. 15 Includes the West Indian African Mission at Rio Pongo. 2 No report for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicants. a The society is not denominational and the exact number of missionaries who are ordained ., Commonly known as the Sierre Leone Mission of the Countess of Huntingdon's Connection. is not positively known. T Includes estimated value of labor given. 'This work has been taken over by the North Africa Mission since the date of these statistics. 1 Regular meeting places. SOUTHWEST AFRICA • Estimate. Except in column 17, all estimates are from the societies. • Includes data for the Canadian Congregational Foreign Missionary Society. I No record for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicants. 'Includes data for the Women'. Society. , Not reported.

MADAGASCAR AND MAURITIUS 1 No repor·t for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicanta. • Not r.pnrted. 'Member. in good standing• DATE FOUIO)! MISSIONARIES STATIONS CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY AND CONTRIBUTIONS IPhysicians COUNTRIES AND SOCIETIES SOUTH AFRICA 16 17 18 19 (The British Union-Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, Orange ltiver Colony-with Basutoland and Swaziland) American Societies American Board of Commissioners for ~'or. Miss… 1835 10 11 7 30 9 539 548 12 22 25 534 5,374 18,253 4& 2.775 Board of For. :Misa., luternat'l Ai/OS. lioliuess Un. l~UU 5 19 ~·or. Miss. Board of tbe Brethren 1ll Christ. . • • •• . • • HS9~ 4 7 3 11 4 4 2 16 S. 2 38 ~·or. Miss. Board, National ~aptist ConventlOp"…. l~n 4 4 7 7 4 3 106 266 III General Miss. Board of the ~ ree Methodist Church. 1~~o 16 11 9 38 43 12 26 12 74 2,274- *9,000 12 145 2 ~ 3 7 26 26 6 28 6 90 329 2,120 " 450 9 1 40 *160 Gen. 14iss. Board, l'entecostal Church, >'lazarene… lYU8 1 1 1 lM:pIl.zlbah .ralth "VlisslOnary AssociatIOn………… 1~90 4 Parent Miss. Soc., African llethodist Episcopal Ch. l~~/ 4 20 20 3 4 :Scandinavian Alliance MissIOn………………… 1~94 4 8 126 132 25~ 2 141 142 463 4,000 11,000 240 8,000 2 2 2 Seventh-Vay Adventist Mission Board………….. 1~99 2 10 70 70 350 945 ' – '- 2 2 31 3 6 6 56 62 31 26 596 Totals, 10 American Societies•..•••….•……••.. 55 21 52 22 151 146 8112 1,038 46 237 187 1,161 12,504 41,775 British Societies Birmiughanl Young Men's Foreign 1'lission Society;:$ 1877 2 2 2 6 14 14 1 9 2 Bdtish and Foreign Bible SOciety …….•••..•….• I~IU 1 3 6 2 LlIristian Missions in Many Lands ….•••••.••. _… lll~4 l"ree L.hurCh of ~cotland ,r'orel&l1 lll~slOn ..•..•••• 1 5 5 11 4 Llmdon, Missienary Society………………….. . lY07 i"rimiti'fe Methodist Missionary Society..•…..•… ~ 1 2 10 12 2 20 '' — 900 *3,500 United liree Church of :Scotland's )<'or. Miss. Com .• 17Y~ Wesleyan Melhodist Missionary :society"..•….•••. 1~12 3 8 17 84 84 8 99 3,899 7,205 43 1,549 1~25 3 6 20 1,820 2,820 10 1,500 Y, W. 'C. A., British >'lational ~'orelgll Department. 3U 25 42 2 6 8 1 30 Ill6' 16 25 123 1900 –28 aa 44 13 843 856 28 509 40 1,083 15,994 35,039 110 3,991 711 7 24 lW 193 23 840 – – — 256 1.142 21,233 ,84,110 192 10,750 34 221 ~,,~, 4 Totals, 9 British Societies…………………… . 74 1 41 1,126 1,167 73 1,507 2117 2.Z45,U.U6 ,laa.U4I ,,;,Si " 17,710 Continental Societies .Buliner Missi~DIWI.sells4:Uft ••••••••••….•.•••.• 1834 67 4 6S 31 167 14 890 904 55 566 304 ' – 993 23.,927 48,SU '20-3 it~el~,Und"et 'l',>'ltrike ., ………………… . 1l1YI 10 'I 8 ~ O'f~",aen eVan&ehsch-luth. Freikir<:he .• 9 2 19 31 31 8 21 660 1,520 4 '- uln 11 II 5, !Ill'aiiba; oDlllJl4e …………………………. . 17 55 9 34 ~ , – 5,110 *lIO,ilOQ 2,025 1~/5 ,3 4 13 11 40 MiesiOPlan·t~lt ;01 Hermannsbur& ..•.••••••••…••• 3!S 38 7 25 6 90 770 1,620 '- 1I!54 2 50 103 .1.'" orske trie Alissionstorbund ..•••…•••••.•••.••.• 189Y 65 512 512 45 130 175 914 21,647 *86,588 lll/3 1 2 Norsl<e Kirke. Mission ved !:)chreuder ..•.•••…..• 1844 15 ' 2 5 2 2 1 42 , .71 Ill3U 14 5 7 19 29 .Norske Missi.nsselska. .. .•……•…••.•.•…… 16 3 ,2b6 5 31 5 >~6! '*2',8oct 1~33 11 5 31 58 .KhemiS4:he "VJ.isslOnsgesellschatt ……••.••••.•…. 4 2 12 12 63 ……. n*35 *200 2,231 5,089 Ill9~ 10 3 31 154 154 18!),' 8;304 19,6~Z Societe des Missions e.vangehques..•.•••••..•..•.•• 187~ 4 20 11 11 206 3 43 13 432 445 , – ' – 1,101 17,160 24,460 !:)vensklil ~'ri llaptisterll&·…………………… . 3 2 15 210 9 3 3 ;:,veusl<a Kyrkans MissIOn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 10 28 2 8 122 160 81 82 6 60 7 1,281 5,124 ..

Totals, 12 Continental Societies ..•••••••••••…••. 203 711 512 31 2,282 2,313 176 1,159 594 3,41'8 82,&15 215,556 ladia Society Telugu Baptist Home Mission………………… 1903 6 9 15 8 6 218 ·400 South African Societies Church o£ EnglaJld-l'rovince oi South Africa' Dioaeee of Bloemfontein in part) ..•..•..••…. 1863 13 32 2 4 20 2 11 73 13 12 623 5,165 '11,625 1J10~Be ot l..apetOWll ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1820 J 35 29 1 2 12 4 4 10 27 2,155 9,267 46,67'5 5 8'31 Diodese of Grahamstown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1~53 lu 2 13 Y 19 • 140 7- 22 9 9 7 15 695 3,867 19,681 9 819 ,uiocese of Nalal ……………………….. . 1853 ~ 1 1 29 8 12 6 40 S 413 45 6 332 2,558 9,576 24 1,335 UlOcelle of hetoria……………………… . 1878 14 267 18 214 230 934 5,485 24,000 48 1,485 33 13 400 136 Diocese of St. Joh,,'s, Kaffraria •••••••..•.••.•• 1~73 28 201 70 Viocese of Zululand…………………….. . 1860 III 2 13 17 250 42 5 24 1,346 12,540 50,544 199 10,212 Congre,ational Union of !:)outh Africa . • . . . • • . • • • • • l~n 33 11 9 127 184 87 110 2,358 4,521 15,000 10 230 Dutch Iteformed Lb. of So. Africa Gem. Miss. Com. 1~24 bl 1 •13823 17,351 68,139 43 1 60 10 585 19,19'1 92,69'4 144 10,227 V"tch ,I(.f. C.. of So. Africa, Urange Free State •. 1~99 4 230 1 55 5,617 "22;468 ,l).uwh l<,ef<>nnea Ch., So. Afnca, Transvaal !:)ynod' 1~53 11 43 6,459 22,133 ~al Baptist AssOciation ……………………. . 1~99 Uhlange Chriiltian lndUstnal School .•••••..•. , •… 1900 I 1 10 30 150 l'resbyterian <-burch oti ~o. Africa, Na1live Mission .. 1904 1 18 19 1 South Africall Generar MisslOn ••••••.••.••….•… 1~1I9 9 17 20 14 1 324 331 1 246 1,014 8,094 *32,400 ,7-1 108 1 3 3 61 !:)outh Attica", Uaptist Il1bsslOnary !:)oeiety ••.•.••… 1~92 4 1 57 57 25 50 22 '-;- 948 *5,000 7 '- 26 11 5 5 625 2,795 li<>uth African, (Weslelfan) Mis$ionary ;:,ociety …… 11l8!> 31 SIS 95 1,585 1,680 4 28 1,925 75,256 277,"'6 212 30 1,015 2,272 604 3'9,261 Totals, 17 S<H1U. African Societies…………….. – 217 3 165 69 SI 566 172 3,330 3,502 269 l,69ll 2,778 11,997 176977 729,77' 1,111 55,400 International Societies Mission der Briidergemeine ………………….. 1736 36 8 41 4 89 508 513 23 139 23 231 6,331 21,595 18 780 Salvation Army …………………………… 1~83 14 13 27 86 9 19 lY 22 54 ~6 4 116 Totals, 2 lntenlational ~ocieties………………. – 36 594 599 32 158 231 6,331 21,595 18 788 Independent Society South African Compounds and Interior Mission….. 1896 15 23 46 46 14 23 24 1,000 3,550 Grand Totals for Souti>. Ahica, 52 Suckties…….. – 649 6 1 282 464 1S7 1,589 401 8,279 8,680 610 4,790 3,928 19,330 322,673 1145326 ,1,826 88,254 ===============-====k.,_c–===-=.ce, _,k=- oe==kc_ -==.=~-==C==:==*-==~=::=!<==:±===±==~~=:=!c=-c=*==40==== SOUTHEIilN Cli:NTRAL AFRICA , (British l'rG1ectorates, Rhodesia, Bechuanaland, .N yassaland) AmeriC…. Societies American FBoora. rdMiowf .,CoMcentmhoisdsiisotneErspisfcoorpaFlorC. hMuricshs"….. 1893 2 2 5 2 11 12 12 3 5 2 27 158 l,4Sg 4 176 jIoard of 18Y9 7 7 47 3 For. Miss. Board, Natioaal Baptist Con..ention…… 18Y9 2 2 2 18 47 I 14 20 881 1,245 6,49ll 18 1,8&5 3 3 1 35 36 6 9 1 41 45 2 7 21l4' 800 4' 36 Seventb.llay Achentist Mission Board………….. 1894 3 5 2 16 4 3 133 133 6 23'3 Totals, 4 American Societies………….. • .. .. .. – 15 10 20 5 135 140 9 25 25 908 1,740 8,889 32 2,244 Britiah Socie1lies Ba~st Industrial Mission of Scotland .••..••..•••• 1895 1 2 4 42 42 1 20 21 260 393 *1,570 100 British and ForeilfR Bi!>le Society …………….. . 1810 1 2 "2 2 1 Ch.it;tiall Missions in Many Lands•••..•••…•.••.•• 1882 4 1 4 U1u~ch ot Scotland Foceign MISsion Committee …•• 13 7 191 191 1 Church of Scotlafld Women's Assoc. for For. Miss.•• 1875 4 2 2 5 '- '- London Missionary Society………………….. . 6 16 190 190 4 Nyaooa Industrial Mission ……………………. . 1884 21 8 — 1 8 2S 26 26 4 31 1,614 *6,406 89' , 3,483 Primiti…. Methodist Missionary Society••••.•..•.•• 1860 1 3 3 6 6 6 12 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel ••..•••••• 1896 6 7 ~ 18 18 United Free 'hurch of Scotland's For. Miss. Com. 9 — 11 14 1 41 3 Uainrsitie.' Mia&i"n to Central, Africa ..••.••.••… 1885 12 7 1,260 1,260 4 44 1,766 10,285 86 10,825 Wesleyan Medlodist Missionary Society••••.•.•.••• 1891 16 – 1-8 4 114 120 7 Zambesio Industrial Mission ………………….. . 1875 9 64 12 23 28 8 II 2 69 180 *J,()oo 14 1,&63 1880 – -9 140 9 Totals, 13 British Societies …………………. . — 62 12 -14-0 8 5 6 11'30 130 6 250 1891 — 7 436 9 1,6>15 1892 5 41 2;012 448 3,899 13,03.5 17 45 2,023 — 30 12,237 6 93 4,389 16,146 104 5,359 13 69 5 123 7 72 — — -6-5 — 68',"' ' 791 4 – -32 117 48 1,987 14,276 6 355 2,692 — — -20-5 – -81-9- 72 -2-,91-0 35 252" 11 1,061 15,19tI Continental Societies 1fiuionsanstalt :&u Henmannsburg……………… 1857 2 2 4 13 13 2 2 4 11 1,265 '6-,265 4 12 32 Societe des Missions evangeliques…………….. 1885 10 3 8 Svenska Kyrkans Mission……………………. t878 1 3 2 I 21 200 800 15 Totals, 3, Continental Societies……………….. – 3 3 ~ 13 13 23 5 11 1,465 7,etl5 South African Societies Datch :Rcf. Ch. of South Africa, Gen. Miss. Com.. 1889 14 2 56 912 912 13 2,010 7,170 212 19,927 Presbyterian Church of So. Africa, Native Mission t908 2 2 5 5 2 12 230 *1,000 1 50 Totals, 2 South African Societies……………… – 16 2 40 58 917 917 15 4 3 12 2,240 8,170 213 19,1177 Grand Totals for South Central Africa, 22 Societies – 124 22 3 118 97 45 403 16 3,077 3,093 104 850 150 1,9112 26,641 g2,583 653 58,803 EAST AFRICA (Portuguese, German" British-including Uganda) A_riCo Societies 1902 2 ,1 4 9 1 J 3 3 3 2,OllO American Friend& Board: of F or.eign Missions 1 •••••• 1894 2 2 4 3 51 52 1 B<lard of For. Miss.. Methodist Episcopal Chur.ch".• 1885 2 – -5 2 5 53: 47 47 452 1,377 t2,613 47 1,~ General Miss. Board of the Free Methodist Church. 1906 6 – -2 56 1 24 Seventb..Day Adven~ist Missi<>n Board .••••.••••••• – -3 – -4 12 6 – 2-4 3 63 276 1,000 1 SO – 9 2 12 131 -2-6 – -4 Totals, 4 American Societies…………………. — — 23 — ~ 33 — –6 — –2-4 –2-4' –6 –53-0 1817 47 1 '4 137 II 74 56 5t5 1,617 15,6l11 54 1,974 !triti.h Socie.es 1844 1 6 3 3 45 2 30 2 21,126 British and Foreign Bible Society……………. . 1898 2 3 4 4 2 "- "- "- 2,807 19,138 68,251 "- Church Missionary Society………………….. . 1896 10 3 2 48 3 17 10 1 Church of Scotland FOII'eign Mission Committee ••.•• 1&93 2 9 16 2 2 170 56 3 2,159 64 600 FJliends' Anti-Sla"ery CollUDittee·o ••..•••••.•…..• 1861 19 50 1 5 1 460 Society foI' the Pr'1Pagation of the Gospel •…•••••.. 1864 1 2 36 b 30 10 5,521 United lAethodiat Church Missionary Society ••…..• 79 2 13 1 8 25 Universities' Mission to Central Africa .•••••••••••. 1887 5 91 19 143 3 2 1 80 1893 22 1 54 Totals. 7 British Societies………………….. . 1897 24 11 2 7 2,341 32 8 31 8 69, 600 2,202 11 1886 2 27 1 73 Continental Societies 1887 3 18 2 126 29 3 13 2 34 466 3,100 16 Berliner Missionsgesellschaft .•••••.•••.••.••••… 1887 14 9 286 44 Evangelisch-Lutherische Mission zu Leipsic ..•••••.•• 12 4 160 11 126 – 4,.240 16,161 1M Evangeliska FOsrerlands-Stiftelsen ••..•••••….•… 8 21 64 1 Evan. Missionsgesellschaft fur Deutsch-Ostafrika' .• 48 56 91 171 10 2,910 24,444 89,795 161 6,581 Mi88ion Romande …………………………. . 8 43 ~irchener Missionsanstalt •••••••••••.••••••••. 7 8 29 126 17 149 61 182 " – 837 "3,$48 "- 48 44 13 45 43 125 33 540 1,273 15 1 1 1 5 10 *40 56 12 28 19 7 75 729 1,432 7 116 43 40 6 3 1,222 2,8402 11 29 4 385 919 Totals, 6 Continental Societies……………….. – 83 3 32 85 14 216 299 299 54 274 129 3110 3,723 9,914 7 176 International Societies 0… Aftica Inland: Mission…………………… 1895 4 1 19 20 14 S9 8 8 9 1 3 31 "1211 1 75 lIUsIUon du Briide~eine ………………….. 1890 22 7 22 4 55 77 77 14 531 14 105 320 1,881 2 126 Totals, 2 International Societies………………. – 26 26 4'2 18 114 85 85 23 531 15 108 351 2,001 3 201 IndeplOlldent Society 2 2 44 2 15 8 *51 200 700 South African Compounds and Interior Mission….. 1896 Grand Totals for East Africa, 20 Societies……… – 197 14 I 4 116 193 125 648 62 2,900 2,962 179 1,065 218 3,974 30,395 118,107 225 8,932 Grand Totals for Africa…………………….. – 1,561 .4 — i 19 817 1,305 651 4,,542 1,551 24,1123 26,474 ,1,356 11,202 6,422 25,928 576,4113 UIO,874 5,422 245,539 SOUTH AFRICA SOUTHERN CENTRAL AFRICA 1 No r"]lOr,t for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicants. 1 No report for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicants. Ilncludcs data for Women's Society. • Includes data for the W<>men's Society. • ComJDOnly known as the Ikwezi Lamaci Mission. • Colporteurs under the immediate direction of the Bible Society. , Not reported. • Not reported. e Includes Pastor Norgaard of Biyela, Dot technical:ly a memoor of the Schreuder Mission. "Principally gifts in kind. • Data from The Kingdom of God in South Alric… "Includes both men and women. • Church of England! work in British, South. Africa is supported in part by the Society for for the Propagation of the Gospel, in part b,. special Associations in England nat reporting EAST AFRICA through tile Society bl'ropaj{ation of the GOspel, and in ,Part by funrls raised locally. It is, therefOll'e, rep01rted by dioceses. The data in several mstanees is unsatisfactory, as 1 This work is supported by the Friends' African Industrial Mission, which is affiliated with there ",as no means o~ dividing with accuracy between work for whites and that for the non- the American Friends' Board of Foreign Missions. ~tiat…races. Full slJatistics were receilV,ed from the dioceses of Pretoria anQ> Zululand, for educational work in tlhe diocese of Natal, and for work in Basutoland in the diocese of • Includes data of the Women's Board. Bloemfontein. Only that po~ti'm of the diocese of Bloemfontein which is within the British • No report for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicants. South Africa section is reported under that diocese. • Colporteurs directl,. supervised by the Bible Society. • Not reported. • 'Evangelists. • Commonly known as the Industrial Mission to Pemba. • Includes both mea and wonten. 'Includes data for the work centering at Lutindi, supported by the Evangelischer Africa .. Number of. adalts hat>'lzed. Verein.

• EstiJllate. Except in column 17, all estimates are from the societies.

EDITORIALS

and women have been stimulated to popular missionary magazine of gen- more thorough interest, consecration eral interest that will furnish infor- and more generous giving; churches mation and inspiration to pastors, of- and their pastors have through this ficers of local societies, and intelli- medium gained a new vision of the gent women and laymen. There is world-field, and their responsibility need for a world-view, a spiritual to help carry out the Great Com- record that will keep us from being mission. provincial or denominational in our The friends of missions have been interests, and that will record the hearty in their cooperation and gener- miracles of missions and will show ous in their praises. Denominational the hand of God in history.

and other missionary magazines have There is no desire or purpose to been led to make improvements, so discontinue THE MISSIONARY RE- that to-day many of them have VIEW as long as the friends of the reached a high standard of excel- Kingdom continue to support it. A lence. The competition has increased, suggestion has been made that it be and at times the REVIEW has faced purchased and combined with a new the question of discontinuance. Un- magazine proposed by the Conference like most of the denominational of Foreign Mission Boards of Amer- magazines, we have been self-sup- ica, but no such arrangement has porting. Editors and contributors been made. Dr. Haggard, who was who have not freely given their serv- selected as the editor of the new ices, have been paid without any sub- magazine (if it is started), has de- sidizing fund on which to draw. Un- clined, and the project may be aban- like the mission boards, we could not doned or modified. We will welcome call on officers or missionaries to give the hearty cooperation of the officers their services and use their pens in and missionaries of both home and free contributions. Some missionary foreign missionary boards and so- magazines, with all this gratuitous cieties in our effort to make the RE- help, have cost their societies from VIEW still more attractive and effect- ~IO,OOO to $15,000 a year above their ive. Ve ask no financial guaran- Income. tee, and only desire that this maga- The REVIEW has never reached our zine may be used to the glory of ideal. Lack of funds and insufficient God for the establishment of His cooperation have been a handicap. Kingdom among men.

We have often wished for an endowment which could enable us to TEN YEARS' PROGRESS IN AFRICA O do a larger, better work in the same UR statistical tables for Africa are unusually complete and show a way that colleges and missions are enabled to accomplish more in edu- marked advance of the Gospel dur- cation and propaganda than they ing the past ten years". In 1900 there could if obliged to be self-supportmg. was reported 95 societies at work With God's blessing, however, with 3,000 missionaries and 15,730 na- much has been accomplished, and tive helpers. To-day there are 158 more may be expected. If we be- societies with 4,273 missionaries and lieved that the work of the REVIEW 69,704 native helpers. Then there had been finished, we would readily w~re 6,838 stations and out-stations; see its life come to an end, but we to-day there are II,074. Then there are confident that there is more need were 275,000 communicant members than ever for such a magazine. With and 576,530 adherents; to-day there the advent of The International Re- are 387,200 communicants and 1,745,- view of Missions, the technical, more 000 Christian adherents. This is an exhaustive articles on the science and increase of fifty per cent. in church problems of missions may be omitted mentbers and of three hundred per- here, but there is need for a more . cent. in adherents.

WORLD-WIDE

MIS~IONARY NEWS NORTH AFRICA Americans. There are in the com- The Situation in Tripoli pany English, Irish, Scotch, Germans, French, Arabs and Kabyles. All the A CORRESPONDENT writes that missionaries speak French, and all the Italian authorities in Tripoli but two, English. Several are prohave been most kind in their reception ficient in Arabic also. Some have acof Protestant missionaries. The medi- quired Spanish, and use it in their cal work of the North Africa Mission work. Others have Kabyle. Five has been reopened, and the number languages exclusive of English are of patients increases daily. There is used. much sickness and poverty in the country. Excellent Italian physicians WEST AFRICA AND THE KONGO also have opened dispensaries, and Creating Missionary Enthusiasm are giving free treatment to the poor, but there is much need for more to FOURAH BAY COLLEGE, Sierra be done for the sick and the poverty Leone, has had a year of "marked stricken. Many of these are unable to go out of their houses to obtain success and steady progress," with relief, and are dying at home. Wom- an increased number of· students. en missionaries find their hands full The proportion of successes at the visiting their sisters in distress. univensity examinations has been large. The missionary parliament and Very little damage has been done debating society and the prayer union in the city, and at the time of writ- were kept up warmly during the year. ing all was quiet in the neighborhood The former excited in the students of Tripoli. such an interest in missionary work that thirteen of them spent six days An Important Methodist Work of their Easter holidays in making a THEthird annual session of the mis- preaching tour through some of the sion of the Methodist Episcopal eastern villages and mountain dis- Church in North Africa was recently tricts of the colony. The students, held by Bishop Hartzell in Tunis. through their offertories at Holy Missionaries and native workers to Communion, have taken a share in the number of nearly 30 were pres- the rebuilding of the Uganda cathe- ent from Oran, Algiers, Kabylia, dral, the erection of the Bishop Crow- Constantine and Tunis. It is only ther Memorial College at Bonny in three years since this work was or- the Niger Delta, and in the erection ganized; but the progress already of the new Wesleyan High School made and degree of efficiency reached in Sierra Leone. An offering was are truly remarkable. The field now also sent to the general fund of the occupied stretches from Oran in the Princess Christian Mission Hospi- west of Algeria to Tunis in the east tal, Sierra Leone.

of Tunisia, a distance of 800 miles "Seeing God's Country"

M by rail. There are four great centers R. R. W. SMITH, of the Qua of population-Oran with 110,000 Iboe Mission, when engaged at people, Algiers r80,000, Constantine 60,000, and Tunis 200,000. In each Enen, in examining some boys who of these cities the work is well estab- were desirous of being baptized, lished. A fifth center is at Fort N a- called them in one at a time for con- tional, in the country of the Kabyles, versation. At length, it became the between Algiers and Constantine. Of turn of a very quaint fellow. Mr.

the more than 30 workers, only 3 are Smith writes: "On my asking him if he wanted to become a Christian, Further News From the Kongo meaning, of course, 'Have you given up all your heathen customs?'-like THE Kongo Commission, appointed a flash he answered me: 'That is a in Belgium, in its first report, foolish question to ask me, Master.' strikes a note of hope for the country. I was surprized, and inquired what It urges certain measures for the rehe meant. 'Well,' he replied, 'you pression of the importation and the come here and tell us of our sin, and sale of alcohol, and for the prevention that if we do not believe in Christ of sleeping-sickness. If this latter we shall never see God's country.' I scourge is to be prevented from spreadsaid, 'That is quite true.' He then ing into other parts of the world, measshrugged his shoulders, as if to say, ures to stamp it out in Africa can 'Well, where is your sense?' Then I not be too drastic. The report sugsaw what he meant. To him, the gests new regulations which will have only sensible thing for a man or a a great effect in discouraging polywoman to do when they heard of gamy, the people henceforth being God's wonderful offer of salvation required to pay a supplementary tax was-to accept it. The message had for every wife but one, monogamous only one meaning for him. It was a fathers with heavy family burdens glorious thing to go into 'God's coun- being exempt from such imposition. try' some day, and who could be so More and more this hitherto dark foolish as to reject the offer?"-The region is becoming an open road for Christian. the messengers of the Cross.

The Power of the Gospel Kongo Reforms "0 NE day," writes M. Anet, who A FFAIRS in Africa are in a state is on the Kongo in the inter- of flux; an agreement between est of the recently started Belgian Germany and Great Britain, as to Protestant Mission, "a native reached the possible division of the Portu- Luebo whom the missionaries had guese colonies in Africa, is freely disnever seen, coming from a village cust, and may quite possibly be consoutheast of Lusambo, 500 kilometers summated. Already Germany has ac- (350 miles) away. 1f.e had learned quired a considerable slice of the to read the Gospel in some distant French Kongo, thus gaining access out-station, and having returned to his village, without permission of to the river. Rev. J. H. Harris, who anyone save of God Himself, began to instruct and evangelize his fel- went out to the Kongo to inquire as low tribes-people. All the literature to the reforms which the Belgian he had was a catechism in Baluba. Government is introducing, reports in He put up a little building which his pamphlet, "Present Conditions on served as church and school. One the Kongo," that things are much day a priest, passing, saw this and more hopeful; that in all his invesasked sharply what it might be. On tigations he had not discovered any learning that it was a Protestant outrages on the persons of the nachapel, he entered, tore down some tives; and, while he makes suggespictures hanging on the wall, confis- tions as to a better form of taxation, cated the catechism as heretical, and he declares that what has been althreatened to punish the villagers if ready accomplished is a unique tribthey continued in error. This de- ute to British diplomacy, to the voted Christian native was obliged forces of public opinion, and the perto undertake a month's journey to sistent efforts of reformers, both in get a new catechism that he might this country and in Belgium. There continue his work of evangelization." are now 30,000 Christians on the Lower Kongo, carrying on work in 300 villages. This is the fruit of 35 years' pioneering.-London Chris- tian.

A Prosperous Mission That chief was an adult when a book was shown him for the first time. T HE English Baptist Mission at None of his people had ever set eyes Wathen, on the Kongo, was or- on a book. A friend of Livingstone ganized in 1889. A report of that taught this chief the alphabet, which date by the late Dr. Bentley states: he mastered in one day-by no means "On January 1, 1889, the Christians a slight feat. Before long he was here met together and formed a given a copy of Robert Moffat's translation of the Bible, which he church which numbers 7 members." soon learned to read and read in- telligently. One day, to Livingstone's This had grown to 1,779 in the year amazement, the chief remarked, past, with an aggregate school attend- "Teacher, this man Isaiah is a very ance of 2,645, and an average attend- fine man: he knows how to write." ance on Sunday worship of 4,542. He had discovered for himself some- This church sends out 172 evangelists, thing of Isaiah's magnificent literary genius. Yet some people would have only 77 being salaried at the rate of called him only a "beastly nigger." 5 fro a month, wholly at its own ex- Missionaries in Consultation pense. It reported a balance of £48 5s. after all bills were paid. AN important missionary confer- ence is, according to De Koning- SOUTH AFRICA bode, to be held in July, 1912, by all the societies working in South A Dangerous Bill Africa-Moravian, Anglican, Presby- terian, Huguenot, Dutch Boer and NEWS comes from Natal of a German. Messrs. Mott and Richter government measure proposed in are to be invited to attend. There the parliament of the South Africa will be great public meetings at Cape Union, which our missionaries regard Town, a missionary exposition with as one of the most dangerous pieces bioscope, native choruses, etc. The of legislation affecting the status of essential purpose, however, will be the natives that has ever been pro- that of conference, looking to closer posed. The purport of the bill is comity in the evangelization and edueither to force the natives living on cation of the peoples all over South the farms or plantations of the whites Africa. to engage in work in the great minll.g and commercial centers, ;:,uch as A Black Leader Johannesburg, Kimberley and Durban, or to become practically serfs of DR. RUBUSANA, Congregational the farmers. The means prrJposed for pastor at East Loudon, and this end is a heavy increase in taxa- member of the Cape Colony Parliation. The natives now on the farms ment, where he is the mouthpiece, pay about three or four pounds an- and the only one, for colored South nual rental per hut. The new meas- Africans, is a "Cape boy" of the ure would require all male occupants Gaika tribe. He was educated in above eighteen years of age to be the Scotch Industrial Mission at taxed not less than two pounds ten Lovedale. Six years ago he put the additional. This would be a fear- Kaffir Bible through the press in fully heavy burden for the natives Loudon. His own colored Congregato carry.-Missionary Herald. tional church has undertaken aggres- sive evangelistic and industrial work Mental Capacity of the Negro among the Imindushanes in British Kaffraria, erecting stone chapels T HE African's mental capacity which serve as schoolhouses during makes it perfectly plain that he the week. These people are intensely is- capable of development. Livingstone tells -of Sechele, a savage chief, who was fond of fighting and hunting, eating and drinking; who did not go in for washing, or hygiene; and as he was, so were his people.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

eager for education and Christian ness for instruction. Chiefs and teaching. Their great peril is from peoples alike are undoubtedly seekthe "Cape brandy" which they learn ing uplift.

to drink in the mines of Johannes- Good Tidings from Livingstonia burg whither numbers are drafted. CHEERING news reached Living- Dr. Rubusana has for three years stonia recently. Two brothers been president of the South Afri- and a third young man, all Chriscan Native Convention, an organi- tians, had felt the spiritual burden zation formed to protest against bar- of the needs of their fellowmen laid ring black men from the South Afri- upon their hearts, and so they visited can Parliament. a number of villages, strengthening the faith of their fellow-Christians Men and Religion Campaign and seeking to lead others to Christ. They also tried to keep up a school A FEW months hence the Men in their village, teaching what they and Religion Movement will be knew to the children. Their lack of engaged in a series of meetings in school material came to be known at English South Africa, which loaned Livingstonia, and neighbors near the Rev. David Russell for the American boundary came to carry any supplies campaign. The committee is appealed they might get back to the border. to to loan some experts in return. This was readily provided, and car- After South Africa has been visited ried three or four days' journey to Australia will take up the work as the boundary stream, where it was soon as preliminary work has been gladly welcomed. The latest news is performed. that to the hearers' classes 32 new members had been added, and quite EAST AFRICA a neat little school-church has been erected by the villagers for the pub- Progress in German East Africa lic worship of God and the instruc- tion of their children. M ISSIONARY work in German East Africa has long borne Devoted Baganda Teachers· the reputation of being difficult. To begin with, "man is at well-nigh his I N the county of Singo, in the kinglowest stratum," ignorant, supersti- dom of Uganda, in 19IO, 200 pertious, lethargic. A succession of bad sons were baptized, and in I9I I there harvests will scatter congregations were over 300 converts. This enand schools to the winds. Islam is couraging advance, Mr. H. Bowers, intensely aggressive. Polygamy dies of Mityana, says ,is '''chiefly due to a hard death, and heathen customs the earnestness and devotion of some are observed with a tenacity that for of the Baganda teachers, whose zeal its consistency may almost evoke is a real inspiration." He wrote on commendation as bespeaking some December 2: strength of character. Yet in spite of every obstacle, the Gospel is tri- "One of our senior teachers, Aroni umphing, and a vast change is com- Fatabala, is a splendid example of ing over the scene where some of a gifted Muganda evangelist. He God's faithful messengers for long has subcharge of rather a large disyears have been sowing in tears. trict, with some I2 churches in it, Bishop Peel lately touring through- each little place of worship with its out the two C. M. S. fields of LTs- representative teacher; in addition to sagara and Ugogo, has a wonderful which he has his own flock and report to make. He describes his church to care for. Visiting him amazement at the progress made quite recently we had a congregasince his visitation of the same dis- tion of 338 crowded in the church. trict in 1907-8. In every part which Our Muganda pastor baptized 35 our missionaries and their African helpers can possibly reach there is evidenced not only interest but keen-

people in the afternoon, and entered settled by assigning to a Presbyterian the heathen names of 27 others to mission a certain section of a field be taught for the same sacred rite. adjacent to, but not conflicting with, a flourishing Baptist church. The I.lam in Abyuinia North Shore beyond Evanston was cooperatively canvassed last year, and MR. KARL CEDERQUIST, a it was advised that for the time being Scandinavian missionary writ- Congregationalists and Methodists ing in the M ostem World, declares establish no more new churches, but that Islam is advancing in the Abys- that Presbyterians, Baptists and Dissinian Empire. In some parts the ciples should plant two each, as soon population is exclusively Moslem, and as these denominations found suitable in other parts people that are heathen openings. According to this proat heart dress like Mohammedans in gram, mutually agreed upon, a new order to escape Moslem raids. The Presbyterian work has been opened native church-so-called "Christian" in Wilmette and a Baptist church in -is sunk in a dead formalism. Mr. Highland Park. A Methodist work Cederquist concludes: "In the spring has recently been revived in Hinsdale' of 191 I an Abyssinian priest was im- with the approval of the Council, altho prisoned because he refused to wor- not without something of protest ship a picture of the Virgin Mary. from the existing churches in this He is still under guard. On Septem- s u b u r b . – C ongre gationalist. ber 10, 19II, the Coptic bishop and four other officials imprisoned a A Comparison whole Sunday-school class, which was held in the British and Foreign Bible TRINITY PARISH, in N ew York Society's premises, putting everyone City, has an annual income in irons, children of seven and nine from all sources, of about $r,ooo,ooo. years not excepted. If the Abys- It supports a staff of 29 clergymen sinian Church is not awakened, and and employs also a goodly number if liberty is not given to the Word of other clergymen, lay assistants and of God, the doom of Abyssinia is trained women for temporary work. It sealed, and the whole country will is brought into touch with about ro,- fall to Islam."-London Christian. 000 people whom it influences more or less permanently in a religious AMERICA way, tho its communicants have never yet numbered 10,000 at one time. Cutting Out CDmpetitiDn The income of the Presbyterian FIVE leading Protestant denomina- Board of Foreign Missions for work tions in Chicago have a coopera- in China, India, Japan, Korea and tive plan in church extension which Syria is less than $1,000,000. It emmarks a long step in advance over the methods which obtained before ploys 699 missionaries and 1,488 nathe organization of the Cooperative Council of City Missions about four tive workers in those countries, while years ago. In evangelizing the immi- the communicants in the churches ungrants, new work is divided among der the care of those missionaries are the denominations, much as has be- 62,713 and the inquirers are thoucome a fixt policy in foreign fields. sands. The Persians have been committed to the care of the Presbyterians; the Which one pays better, humanly Hungarians divided between the Bap- speaking? tists and the Methodists. While all the denominations work among the Who Will Go For Us? Bohemians, special efforts have been recently made to prevent overlapping. T HE various missionary boards A case in controversy was recently have laid before the Student Volunteer Movement their various needs in the way of places demand- ing workers. This list is now printed and it is a very interesting document,

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

tho it looks quite commonplace at work in education than Tuskegee first glance. It speaks of the needs Institute, Alabama, under the direcof the whole world: of Africa, of tion of Dr. Booker T. Washington. Korea, of Brazil, of hospitals, of At the present moment the trustees missionary schools, of people's insti- are making great efforts to increase tute; of men and women, unmarricc. the endowment fund of that instituand married; of doctors, teachers, tion to a point that will relieve its evangelists, and farmers. The an- distinguished head and his associates nouncements of the boards are in from the necessity of exhausting concise language. Their requirements themselves in the work of raising are chiefly: special fitness and train- money, so that their chief energies ing for the work to be undertaken; may be expended in the actual work ability to pass a physical examination of education. On its educational side equal to that required by a standard Tuskegee was never more successful life insurance company; Christian than it is to-day. It has grown from faith and character, willingness to the most modest beginnings until it cooperate in Christian work, and has a campus and a group of buildmembership in some Protestant ings which for architectural beauty Church. Few boards demand that and efficiency of design would be a candidates conform rigidly to de- credit to any college in the land. nominational lines. Nearly 2,000 students, young men and young women, are being trained, There are calls in every direction. not only intellectually but practically, Who will go? to be working citizens and to carry on the steady uplifting of their race, Some Facts from "Men at Work" which the South more than any other section of the country now recognizes THERE are 80,000 college men in is the only possible solution of the 18 different countries in volun- negro problem. Leading and influ-' tary Bible classes. The members of ential Southerners recognize Dr. Baraca Bible classes numbered 350,- Washington as one of the foremost 000 young men last year. The Y. citizens and educators in the South, M. C. A. reported 97,332 enrolled in and are giving him hearty support. classes for Bible study last year. Short courses of Bible study were South American Heathenism taken last year by 28,562 students in 490 different institutions of this coun- W RITING from Salta, in Argentry. In the Sunday-schools of the tina, Mr. J. Stuart Dodington world 28,orr,I99 persons out of more than 50 nations are studying the tells of evangelistic tours in the in- Bible. terior. Speaking of the villages, he says: "In three of them, with per- Alumni Work of the International haps 3,000 souls (including hundreds of children), there is not a single Y. M. C. A. school. We were asked when we should be there again; and as we MR. OLIVER F. CUTTS, '02, passed through on our return jour- Harvard, has recently been ap- ney, people came after us asking for pointed to take charge of the alumni Bibles. The people live in houses work of the International Y. M. C. indescribably squalid, and are steeped A. His work consists of interesting in drink and every form of vice. Livall colleges and universities in some ing is at famine prices all the year form of practical service in the lo- round. The place is in the tropics, cality where they reside. The new and during the dry season the water movement is already being organized supply is a serious problem. Small in Philadelphia. value is placed upon life. Outside the door of the place where we slept Splendid Work for the Negro No educational institution in the country, white or colored, is doing a more efficient or more useful

the last night, the darkness was made out as a fraction over Sd. per pound." an inferno till midnight with drunken From which it appears that of every orgies, ending by one man being shilling subscribed to our foreign stabbed to death and another shot; mission work, lId. 3f. goes direct to and the early morning dawned with the work in the field, and one fartha second drunken brawl, when an- ing is used for working expenses. other man received his death stab." Mr. Dodington adds that the way is THE CONTINENT open for Gospel workers-"no priests, no church, but a people in darkness Reviving Protestantism in Bohemia and the shadow of death." I N 1915 comes the five hundredth EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN anniversary of the burning of John Hus just outside of Constance, and The Bible League in Scotland in memory thereof a Hus House is to be opened in Prague to serve as A NEW Bible movement has ap- a center for all Protestant interests peared in Scotland, and is sweep- in Bohemia and Moravia. Of the ing over the country. It is a plan to $20,000 needed, a quarter is already get everybody to carry a Testament in hand. At the present time there and read a chapter or more daily, is a distinct revival of Bohemian and is known as "The Pocket Testa- Protestantism. True, the Calvinist ment League." Miss Helen Cadbury, Church numbers but 130,000 memnow the wife of Charles M. Alex- bers-a mere 2~ per cent. of the ander, the Gospel singer, originated population-but it is growing. In the movement some years ago in Brunn, for example, Pastor Vaclar Birmingham. During the first four Pockorny started the first Protestant years the League has spread rapidly Bohemian church in the city 28 years in Canada, Australia and the United ago, in a hired hall, with hired seats. States, and in China, Japan and Ko- There is now a great church, manse, rea, with the result that about a and a congregation of 1,250 souls. quarter of a million members have In Bohemia at large there are 93 been enrolled. In a week 30,000 churches and 92 out-stations. These membership cards have been sent out congregations are in close contact from the League headquarters in with the Calvinists of Hungary. They Glasgow. are mostly country churches (the country being wholly Tschechish, What Scottish Missions Cost while the cities of Bohemia have large German populations) and are THE secretary of the Free Church remarkable for their self-sacrificing Missionary Society has recently generosity. Many members pay more written: for their church than to the state in taxes. All their church buildings "In reply to your inquiry as to the have been put up without outside cost of administering the foreign help, at an aggregate cost of $800,- mission fund, I have to say that 000, and in thirty years. This in spite the actual sum expended by the for- of great poverty-the wealth of the eign mission committee works out Hussite nobles in land and otherwise at 6~d. per pound, or slightly over being now wholly in Catholic hands. 2~ per cent. If you include the assessment of the General Assembly Church Growth in Russia for general expenses, over which the foreign mission committee has no SAYS the Episcopal Recorder: The control, and also include the com- growth of the Russian Church, mittee's income for special funds at forced in large measure by the govhome and abroad, the cost of admin- ernment, has become so marked that, istering the total foreign mission tho a .comparatively young daughter revenue under the committee works of the Church at Constantinople, she

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

is now incomparably the largest. A of which by far the largest part is rough estimate puts her membership spent by German societies. at about roo,OOO,OOO. When Siberia shall have become one of the most A New Catholic Church populous, as it is one of the richest, countries of the world-a day which METHODIST, Baptist and otqer can not be long deferred-the Russian American communions working Church will be two or three times as large .as the Roman Catholic Church in Italy, and assisting local Protestnow is. Dr. Percy Dearmer, writing ants in France, report that there is in The CommonweaWt, tells us that coming into existence in both coununless some great change comes, of tries a Catholic Church that is not which at present there are no signs, papal. Especially strong is the senti- "the whole balance of the world will ment toward such church in Italy. certainly be changed. History, which Methodists are finding there reluctsince the beginning of civilization ance to join with American organihas for us centered round the Medi- zations, and decided preference for terranean, is already moving along a church that is Italian, and yet that the new and far broader roads." retain practically all forms and doc- trines of the Catholic Church save The Cost of Missions in German the hierarchy, the Vatican and the Pope. Those who are leading in Colonies this movement both in Italy and France are the younger elements DR. JULIUS RICHTER furnishes among the better families. Their the following interesting table of complaint is that the old hierarchy the expenses of the different mission- is composed of men too far advanced ary societies in the German colonies in years, and too steeped in historic during the past year: Catholicism to cope with modern conditions. Their trend is not tow- 1. Berlin lHssionary Society (German East ard liberalism in doctrine, nor is it Africa) …………………….. $76,636 away from Roman ritual. It is solely for a new governing body, 2. :Nloravians (German East Africa) ….. 54,026 made up of younger and what they 3. Leipsic lIIissionary Society (German call more progressive men.-Pacific ClzTistian Advocate. East Africa) ………………… 34,272 4. German East Africa Missionary Society finances of the Coasner Missionary (German East Africa) ………•.• 23,562 Society 5. Church Missionary Society (German T HE seventy-fifth year of its lift.~ East Africa) ………………… 13.804 has brought to the Gossner Mis- 6. Universities Mission (German East sionary Society a most satisfactory income. It received from its friends Africa) …………………….. 66,640 $I4I,528 during 19I I, so that the in- 7. London :Missionary Society (Samoa) .. 26,656 come was larger by $18,061 than the 8. Rhenish :Missionary Society (German expenses and the large deficit of the past nineteen years decreased to $14,- Southwest Africa and New Guinea) 91,200 874. We are aware that this favor- 9. Finnish Missionary Society (German able showing was only possible on account of the large legacy from Southwest Africa) .,………….. 30,464 Prince Michael Lieven, of Russia, 10. Basel Missionary Society (Kamerun) .. 87,108 but we also know that the friends of 11. German Baptists (Kamerun) ………. 40,222 the society contributed liberally and 12. Presbyterian Church in United States loyally. May 1912 bring the com- plete wiping out of the old deficit (Kamerun) …………………. 42,364 which has been so burdensome to 13. North German Missionary Society the Gossner Society.

(Togo) …………………….. 64,260 14. Neuendettelsau Missionary Society (New Guinea) …………… , … 26,894 IS. Liebenzell Mission (Caroline Islands). 6,426 In this list does not appear the work of the Wesleyan Methodists in Togo, the work of the Africa Inland Mission in German East Africa, the work of the Methodists of Australia in the Bismarck A rchipelag-o. the work of the A. B. C. F. M. in Micronesia, etc. The total amount spent by the missionary societies for work in German colonies is thus about $800,000,

ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS Islam, and practically unreached with the Gospel. Fruit of the Gospel in Syria ASIA-INDIA I N J ezzin, a most bigoted Maronite town in lovely Lebanon, the Pres- Christian Growth in Thirty Years byterian missionaries have witnessed a great revival during the past year. THE latest census of India gives a Scores of men and women have popUlation of 315,000,000. The joined the evangelical body an~ have Christian growth is shown by the continued in regular and attenttve at- following fiTures: In 1881 there tendance at all meetings in the church were 1,862,634 Christians; 1891, 2,- and in the homes, with eagerness and 284,380; 1901, 2,923,241; 191I, 3,- joy. Many of these new converts 876,196. In the native states of India have shown clear fruits of conver- the advance has been relatively greatsion. A professional g~mbler ~as er than in districts where the British given up his calling, tho It cost hIm exercise complete governmental powa severe struggle. A man who had ers. The Roman Catholic faith is deserted his mother and treated her held by about one-fifth. The Presvery harshly, and who was !1?ted byterians have 1,500 adherents, and for his bad temper and malIcIous the Methodists 7,000. The Eurasian tongue, has become very kind to his Christians number about 101,000, as mother and forsook all his bad habits. against 89,000 at the previous census. A drunkard and gambler has become Considerably more than half of them diligent in his work, and loves to ~57,ooo-are Roman Cat~ol!cs. read his Bible with all diligence. Some 3,574,000 of the Chrlsttan Some women, most difficult to reach population are natives of the counwith the Gospel, have become eager try; Roman Catholics take first place to hear the Word, attend the meet- with 1,394,000 adherents, as comings, and receive earnest instruction. pared with 1,122,000 in the previous Thus the Spirit is working among enumeration. The Protestant total the Maronites of J ezzin. in 1901 was 970,000, the increase for the ten years not falling far short Work Begun in Kurdistan of half a million. The Baptists ad- vance from 217,000 to more than T HE German Hermannsburg Mis- 331,000, and the Anglicans advance sionary Society has extended !ts from 306,000 to 332,000. The Conwork in the northern part of PerSIa, gregationalists have grown from ~7,- where it has had native laborers at 000 to 134,000. The Presbytenan work among the Nestorians in Uru- Indians have grown in the decade miya and its neighborhood for a num- from 43,000 to 164,000, and the ber of years. A native minister, La- Methodists from 68,000 to 162,000. zarus Jaure, trained and ordained in The Lutherans and allied denomina- Germany, has been sent. to Sautsch- tions have advanced from 154,000 to bulak, west of Teheran, that he may 21 7,000. labor among the Kurds. The H ermannsburger M issionsblatt states Mission Sc;:hools in India as Missionary that American Lutherans are already settled in Sautschbulak and that this Agencies mission among the Kurds will be carried on jointly by American and Ger- A RECENT number of The East man Lutherans. Sautschbulak was and the West contained an aroccupied by the German Orient Mis- ticle entitled, "The Will to Convert sion and by the Berlin Jews Society in Mission Schools," which should until 1910, but not for the purpose of attract much attention. The writer, work among the Kurds, who are on a tom through India, thoroughly bigoted and fanatical followers of studied the question if it was the earnest endeavor, as well as the avowed purpose, of missionaries and

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Christian teachers in mission schools, instruction and oversight when -they to lead their pupils to definite "de- had come into the church. He ascision for Christ." He found that serts that he read in a paper pubin most cases keen evangelistic work- lished in India the confession that, ers had been overcome by the force unless the native religions should of an old tradition against looking bestir themselves, there was the for conversions of pupils. This tra- probability that the whole country dition the writer traced (I), to the would rapidly become Christian. fact that, on the whole, scholars are What a splendid tribute to the power not converted; (2), to the hampering of the Gospel and what a challenge presence of many non-Christian teach- to the modern Church! ers; and (3), to the fear that conversions will mean decrease of at- Growth Seen by One Man tendance, loss of government grants, and the temporary, or perhaps per- BISHOP THO BURN says that he manent, closing of the school. recalls the time when Methodist members in India numbered only 13. The writer in The East and the The total membership in that field West found that the doctrine of the now amounts to 262,836, and the leavening influence of the schools has average annual increase is 12,500. become popular, because it is a salve to the conscience and provides escape The Emancipation of India's Women from a difficult position. However, to his gratification, he found the de- AT Delhi, during "the first meetsire for conversions to be still al- ing of the English Queen with most universal, tho hope and ex- the women of India"-to use her pectation were sadly lacking. gracious majesty's own phrase, the Queen-Empress remarked, "I have If mission schools can not be util- learned with deep satisfaction of the ized to bring about individual con- evolution which is gradually but version, we can not rank them as surely taking place among the indirect evangelistic agencies at all. mates of the purdah," and in her We are not sending out our mis- touching speech to "the sisterhood sionaries to merely leaven society of the great Empire," her Majesty with new ideals and new moral assured the women of India of her standards, tho that is a great thing; "ever-increasing solicitude for the but we are sending our missionaries happiness and welfare of all who live out that the heathen hear the Gospel 'within the walls.' " No more notable and be saved. Regeneration, salva- proof that the emancipation of Intion, redemption, is still the chief dian womanhood is advancing can aim of all missionary effort, and all be adduced than some recent proagencies which do not directly lead ceedings in Bombay. At a meeting to that, be better laid aside. But held in support of a bill to legalize to bring about conversions, in mis- marriages between Hindus of differsionary schools or anywhere else, we ent castes and persons of different must first expect them as the fruit creeds, before an audience largely of our labors, and then strive for composed of men, three Hindu womthem with all the will power of our en of social eminence, Lady Chanmoral nature. davarkar, Mrs. Ranade and Mrs. Mahipatram, were among the speak- Serious Lack of Missionary Pastors ers ! The rigidity of caste customs is too well known to need demonstra- MR. J. CAMPBELL WHITE said tion. It is significant indeed that in a recent address that thou- Indian women's own fingers should sands of Hindus had been refused be requisitioned to their country baptism because of the lack of mis- to unloose their yoke from their sionary pastors into whose hands shoulders. they might be placed for pastoral

A Polyglot College in Burma and to a small yearly pension from THE Rangoon Baptist College the state."

groups under its head three in- I., T The Transition in China visit stitutions, the college, high school, and normal school, has an enrolment was our good fortune to of 1,176, and it has been stated that probably nowhere else in British In- China recently and there to learn dia, and in but few institutions of the same size anywhere are so many at first hand, from those really knowraces and languages represented. On Sabbath instruction is given in six ing people, the missionaries, what is different tongues. doing in that great thron~ing land.

China must ever challenge the re- spectful curiosity of the world, for here is a people of great numbers who through 4,000 years of recorded CHINA history have preserved perhaps the Bringing the CeleatiaIs Nearer greatest democracy on earth, a dem- By shortening routes, it will be ocracy broken only by an aristocracy possible to make the journey of letters-into which any man who across Europe to Asia in about one would and could, might find his way. week. In building the trans-Siberian WllOever might be the rulers in Perailway, Russia spent some $390,000,- king, whatever extortion the local 000. The line is being double- appointees of Peking mIght practracked, and thus her position in the tise against the people-when it Far East will be greatly strengthened. comes to the regulation of society and of local, municipal and other What Is Left to the Manchus affairs there is no hereditary aris- DR. DILLON, in the Contempo- tocracy, nor can there be said to be rary RC7,il!w gives us an idea any system of bosses and helots.

of what Manchu supremacy really Every man in a Chinese village has means: "The 18,000,000 Manchus his say in the matters of his viIlage, scattered over the land, of whom and the elders among whom he will there are 60,000 in Peking, still feel arrive if he lives long enough, have, their superiority over the 480,000,000 in the main, the direction of affairs natives, and make the latter realize after they have been discust by all.

it painfully at every hand's turn. Indeed, so marked is this demo- For the Manchus are privileged. cratic spirit in China that a foreigner Fallen they may be from their high buying a curio in an open shop may estate, they are the conquerors still. always expect advice from all the Most of the lucrative posts in the bystanders, and help from every empire are reserved for them-the passerby in all his bargaining."- exceptions merely serving to prove Bishop W. F. Oldham.

the rule. They are the salt of the The Opportunity in China earth. They possess their own tribu- nals. Every official document must WHEN China is at peace once be translated into Manchu. No China more, we shall be for the first man or woman might until three or time face to face with the Chinese four years ago aspire to a spouse of people. It is not too much to say the higher race. Flogging and other that in the past the world has known dishonoring punishments to which the people through their government.

the Chinaman is liable may never be Always the imperial power inter- inflicted on the body of any member vened to hinder and even to perse- of the superior nation. For their cute. It met the world with a stub- material well-being, also, the govern- born refusal to change, a determina- ment feels itself morallv bound to tion to prevent any friendship or take thought. Hence ev~ry Manchu intercourse between the Chinese has a right to a ration of rice daily, people and those of other lands. It

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

changed, no doubt, at times, yielding ized associations for securing con- to superior force, or following a tor- tributions of money and for instruct- tuous policy; but its spirit never ing the people in the principles of changed. Hence the contradiction the repUblic. The students of the between what those who knew the Canton Christian College, in a cam- people felt about them, and the face paign collected more than $40,000.

they showed as a nation to the world. Never once did Canton province hesi'- When the revolution is accomplished tate between a monarchy and a repub- we shall find that the world will lic. Many of the teachers are now recognize the reasonableness and fine district magistrates, members of the qualities of the Chinese, as it has assembly, or hold office under the cen· not been able to do before. Many tral government. Christian school- Chinese puzzles will vanish, and men teachers and Christian preachers are will see things as they are.-Chinese now represented in several of the Recorder. principal offices of the government. In Triumphal Progress of the Y. M. C. A. the provincial assembly of Quang- Tung of which Canton is the capital, T HE ~dvance of the Young Me~'s 10 women have been seated as repre- Christian Association in the sentatives. There are probably not East is one of the marvels of the more than 6,000 Christians among the past decade. There are now twelve 1,000,000 of Canton's population; Self-supporting, self-governing city but many of the new officials are associations, served by 41 Chinese Christians, and more are friendly to and 40 foreign secretaries, with a Christianity. membership of over 5,000. All bud- gets-some $25,000 yearly-are lo- JAP AN-KOREA cally raised. Beside this, Shanghai Religion of Educated Japanese has contributed $87,000, Fuchau, $48,000, Canton $30,000, and Tient- W E may divide all educated J apasin $25,000 for building purposes. nese, outside the Christian The 93 student associations report body, into three classes. The first consists of those who rule out re- 4,459 members, 2,732 of them being ligion altogether and profess themenrolled in 372 Bible classes. There selves satisfied with ethics alone. are 300 Chinese Student Volunteers, Among them are those educators who and Pastor Ding Li Mei has been appointing traveling-secretary to go clamor for the revival of Confucianover China, and to Chinese schools ism. Their number is legion. Peroutside of China, to enlist students haps the most noted and most exfor missionary service. Students are treme anti-Christian among them is actively engaged in evangelistic work. Baron H. Kato, formerly president In the summer vacations they go out of Tokyo Imperial University. The in bands, 552 being active in these second is composed of the eclectics, who would feign amalgamate with enterprises.

Canton As a Religious Center Christianity the strong points of Shinto, Buddhism, Confucianism, T HE great city of Canton appears making of the whole a rich mosaic. to have been the center of the In this class probably a majority of progressive movement which has thoughtful educated Japanese would eventuated in making China a re- enroll themselves. public. It produced such leaders as Sun Yat Sen, Wu Ting Fang and A Composite Religion Proposed T Tung Shao Yi, the present premier. HE Japan Advertiser, of Tokyo, says that a movement has been Canton teachers and students have been leaders from the beginning. projected in Japan for a "rapproche- They enlisted a regiment of troops ment between Shintoism, Buddhism to serve without pay. They organ- and Christianity, with a view to as-

sociating all three with national edu- who were not disposed to radicalism. cation," in order to "secure coopera- Bishop Honda, so recently claimed by tion between the three religions death, presided, and once more themselves" and also to "secure co- showed his great ability, his clearoperation between the three religions sightedness, and his deep spiritualand the g-overnment," in the intro- ity. Most important were the negoduction of religious teaching in the tiations carried on by Bishop Honda public schools of the empire. The and a committee of the general conproposed union of the three religions ference on the one hand, and the named, to bring about moral and re- Reference Committee, representing ligious teaching in the public schools, the Commissioners for Union, in is a confession that a purely secular America, on the other. The paper education does not furnish a solid presented as the Reference Comfoundation for national greatness. mittee's report set forth clearly how This proposition emanates from the far the Japan Methodist Church can vice-minister of the home department be depended on to stand alone, and of the government, 11r. Tokonami, it showed that it is a sane, evangeliwhich seems strange in view of the cal and evangelistic body, which welfact that Dr. Kikuchi not long ago comes heartily the independent efassured western audiences that the forts of western churches in Japan. imperial rescript on education contained all that was necessary to pro- The serious attention of the genduce high morality among the youth eral conference was directed to the of Japan. This scheme contemplates urgent needs of the hour. Buddhism a union of three antagonistic reli- in Japan has been reawakened and gions, a thing not only impossible, is stronger than in any other counbut absurd. Shintoism and Bud- try, and powerful to an extent not dhism have existed side by side in dreamed of even by men who have Japan for centuries, and altho they spent scores of years in Japan. In have both been accepted to a certain addition to the revival of Buddhism extent by many of the people, they tremendous efforts toward a governhave remained distinct as religions, ment-fostered and quickened nationwith no probability of ever uniting. alism, which is conservative in the But should they unite, Christianity extreme, are proving a great hincould never complete the proposed drance to the spread of the Gospel. trinity. Christianity is not in Japan The Japanese Government is thought to be united with or swallowed up to be discouraging the study of by Shintoism and Buddhism.– Christianity through its educational World-Wide Missions. department. which urges the practise of native cults and condemns "itmo- Methodism in Japan vations frolll the "Vest.'· Some of the opponents of Christianity are THE second general conference of professing to believe that the anar- the Japan Methodist Church, or chists' plot, discovered a year ago, really the first composed of delegates was one of the natural results of the elected by that Church, was held a freedom fostered by Christian teachshort time ago. The Japan Method- ing. ist Church was organized in the spring of 1907 by the united action Christian Union in Education of three mother churches in the United States and Canada (see MIS- S J YS Dr. O. R. AvisOI1, head of SIONARY REVIEW, February, 1912, the Severance Hospital: "As a page 144), and its progress has been result of Dr. White's able presentamost gratifying. The general con- tion of methods, and the wisdom of ference of this year was a body of avoiding adding to our denominawell-balanced and progressive men tional instrumentalities, the Methodists

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

decided to throw all their force into ordained as a missionary, and rethe union Bible school and trust it mained for fifteen years. For the for the education of their pastors, and effectiveness of his work the Emnot only so, but they turned over to peror bestowed upon him the Order the use of the school the property of the Rising Sun in 1898. they had just purchased at a cost of $6,000 for their denominational semi- On his return from the Orient nary, and now plan to put into it all Dr. Knox became pastor of the the funds that would have gone to Presbyterian Church in Rye, N. Y. the seminary. This is one of the He began his work with the Union greatest triumphs of the union spirit Seminary in r896, and three years we have ever known in Korea, for the later was appointed to a professor- Methodists have gone in and have ship. . turned over their property without asking for any guarantee whatever, Dr. Pennell, of India trusting to the fairness of the general body to give them a just share in the PATHETIC and almost tragic was control of the union institution and the death in Bannu, India, on the determination of its teaching. March zzd, of Dr. Theodore L. Pen- Without Dr. White's enthusiasm and nell, whose name was known far wisdom this result could scarcely have beyond the frontier station of Bannu. been secured. But now we are all For nearly twenty years he worked happy in it, and none seem more so among fierce hill tribes, attending than our Methodist brethren, who those wounded in tribal fighting, or have done the yielding up. restoring sight to thousands blinded by cataracts. Dr. W. H. Barnett, A Model Y. M. C. A. who worked untiringly beside him, died two years previously, after ope- THE Young Men's Christian As- rating on a patient for blood poison- sociation in Seoul, with a mem- ing. Dr. Pennell himself died from bership of 876, has all but 4 of its the effects of operating on Dr. Barmembers enrolled in Bible classes. nett. Dr. Pennell's wife was Miss Alice Sorabji, one of the well-known OBITUARY NOTES Sorabji sisters. The Bombay Guar- dian, commenting on these two, says Prof. Knox, in Korea their heroism is such as should be reverently treasured, and hopes a AT Seoul, Korea, on April 25th, memorial will be raised to Drs. Pen- Rev. George William Knox, nell and Barnett, of Bannu. Professor of the Philosophy and History of Religion in the Union Theo- A very interesting article from the logical Seminary, New York, died pen of Dr. Pennell, describing his after a short illness of pneumonia. work among the Afghans, appeared Dr. Knox was on a tour of the in the April number of the REVIEW. world during his Sabbatical' year, His book, entitled "Among the Wild and had come to the East with his Tribes on the Afghan Frontier," is wife. one of the most interesting mission- ary volumes ever written. Dr. Pen- He was an authority on the his- nell was greatly honored and beloved, tory of religion and on Japan and and the places occupied by him and Eastern affairs. He had written Dr. Barnett will be difficult to fill. many books and articles on Japanese life· as well as on theology. Bishop G. E. Moule Dr. Knox was born at Rome, A GREAT missionary, whose zeal N. Y .. in 1853, and entered the Pres- and earnest labors in the misbyterian Ministry at the age of 24, sionary field had made his name well after a course in Hamilton College known, both at home and in the forand in Auburn Theological Seminary. He went to Japan soon after being

eign field, passed from us when Dr. AlonlZo Bunker Bishop George Evans Moule, of Mid-China, died on March 3d, at I N Dr. Alonzo Bunker, who died at the house of his brother, the Bishop of Durham, in his 84th year. ., Newton, Mass., on March 8th, American Baptists have lost one of He was the second of eight sons their most devoted missionaries. Born of the Vicar of Fordington, and took in 1837, he was sent out by the Baphis degree at Corpus Christi College, tist Foreign Missionary Society in Cambridge University, with mathe- 1865 to Burma, where he labored matical and classical honors, in 1850. among the Karens at TOllngoo for Beginning his ministry as his father's many years. For years he traveled curate in 185 I, he soon became the mountain passes of that region, greatly interested in missionary work, amid savage peoples, preaching the and he went out as a Church Mis- Gospel and ministering to the scatsionary Society missionary in 1857, tered Christian churches. Frequently to China, which he reached early in his life was threatened by hostile men the next year. At first he was sta- and by wild beasts, while the terrors tioned at Ningpo, and thus he be- of the wilderness endangered his came a witness to the great Taiping health. In 1890 he openpd a station rebellion. Then he founded the sta- at Loikaw, far from civilization, but tion at Hangchau, where he took in a fertile valley drained by the up his residence in 1866, and lived upper waters of the Salwen. Great until he finally left the country in ingatherings resulted from his labors. 19II. In 1880, after having been and he was the pioneer of that exalmost 23 years in the country, he tension of the Baptist work in Burma, was consecrated as the first mission- which has led to the openin!! of new ary Bishop of Mid-China. He re- stations on the borders of China and signed the bishopric in 1908, but to the ingathering of many thoucontinued to work at Hangchau until sands into the Christian fold. last year, when ill-health and advancing years compelled him to re- Theodore Ziemendorff linquish active service abroad. ON February 28, 1912, Pastor Dr. D. K. Pearson of Hinsdale Theodore Zicmendorff died in Fairhaven, near Alexandria. He was THIS well-known philanthropist one of the founders and the presi- has recently passed away, leav- dent of the Sudan Pioneer Mission ing many educational and religious (see Ji[1SSIONARY REVIEW, April, institutions the better for his wise 1912, page 308), and always deeply benefactions. Other rich men have interested in the great work of talked about dying poor. Dr. Pear- preaching the Gospel to the Moharnson accomplished it so far as this medans. Already ill and quite feeble, world's goods are concerned, but he Mr. Ziemendorff obeyed last fall the laid up "treasure in heaven" where call of duty to visit once more the he will have an eternity to enjoy it. prosperous work of the society in He made a fortune in honest deal- Assuan, and to serve spiritually the ings in real estate after he was 40 large number of German tourists years of age, and gave away ~6,ooo,- who spend the winter in that neigh- 000 to colleges and missions. It is borhood, and he left his comfortable reported that he left no will, for he home in V/iesbaden for Egypt. He left not even enough money to pay was unable to endure the heat of the the expenses of his last illness and climate in Assl1an, and sought refuneraL He left the world richer for newal of his strength in the cool his life and gifts. Needless to say breezes of the seashore. His heart there will be no contest over his was too greatly weakend by the estate. tropical heat, and a few days after his arrival at Fairhaven, he fell asleep

I9 I2 ] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

111 Jesus. His death is a great loss nation. When five years ago the to the Sudan Pioneer Mission, and three Methodisms represented in misto the work among JIohammedans sion work in Japan-the Methodist 111 general. Episcopal Church, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and the A Greek Missionary in Japan Methodist Church of Canada-were united to form the Japan Methodist T HERE dieu on February r6, Church, which then became a self- 1912, in Tokyo, Japan, one of governing body, independent of the the greatest of foreigners who have home churches, Yoitsu H0nda was spent their lives for the welfare of the almost unanimous choice of the ] apan, Bishop Nicolai, the head of new Church as the man best fitted the Greek Church in the island em- to become its head. Yoitsu Honda pire. Ivan K icolai Kasatkin was was born in December, 1848, at born near Moscow in r836, the son Hirosaki, in the northern part of of a ueacon of the Greek Orthodox Hondo, the main island of Japan. Church. He earnestly desired to be He was of the Samuria or soldier a soldier, and asked his father for class, his father being the highest permission to go to the Crimean war, in rank under the old Daimo ("feudal hut he received the answer, "Be baron") of that section. While a God's soldier; fight for Him. That student in Yokohama, he became acis my wish, and you shall obey me." quainted with the Christian faith and In r861 he entered the service of the was converted under missionaries of Russian consulate at Hakodate, and the Dutch Reforined Church. soon decided that Japan was the place for him to engage in "apostolic Dr. John McLaurin, of India work." His success was remarkable, and in 1891, the Russian Ca- JOHN McLAURIN, D.D., died in thedral was built in Surugadai, To- Toronto on March 28th, aged 73. kyo. In 1908 he was made Arch- Born in Ontario, educated at Woodbishop of his church in Japan, which stock College, he received appointnow has six churches in Tokyo, be- ment by the Missionary Union March side the Cathedral, and others scat- 16, 1869. In December, 186g, he tered through Japan. There are sailed with his bride for India, desigabout 40 ordained native priests and nated to Ramapatnam, where they over 32,000 communicants, with an arrived early in 1870, and at once annual addition of about 1,000 mem- began to acquire the language. Mr. bers. The Greek Church in Japan :;IcLaurin made long tours with Dr. has been preeminently a one-man Clough, and in 1872, when Dr. Church, that of Bishop Nicolai, and Clough with impaired health come on through his personal influence has furlough to America, took charge of developed remarkably. the Ongole station and work. Mr. McLaurin for a time served the Bishop Honda Passes Away Canadian Board as Secretary while failing health kept him in Canada. BISHOP YOITSU HONDA, Then at Bangalore and Conoor he Bishop of the Japan Methodist prosecuted his labors, producing tracts, articles, catechisms,' text-books Church, died on Tuesday, March and commentaries, as well as attend- 26th, as announced in a cable from ing to matters in connection with re- Tokyo, received at the office of the vising and printing a new edition of Board of Foreign Missions on that the Telugu New Testament. He day. His death means very serious loved the Telugus with a great pasloss to the Japan Methodist Church, sion; while recognizing their imperin which he was the leading figure, fections and faults, their deep need and the news will be heard with appealed to him. great sorrow throughout the various branches of the Methodist denomi- AND MISSION LANDS THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG ENCYCLOPEDIA. prison house of Moslem women. How the illumination is progressing is de- Volume X II, with appendix. Edited by scribed by many writers who have Dr. Samuel McCauley Jackson and helped to open the doors and windows others. 8vo, 599 pp. $5.00. Funk & Wagnalls Co., New York, 1911.

The final volume of this complete and let in God's light. India, Persia, and important work maintains the Turkey, Egypt, Arabia, each present standard of its predecessors. Its schol- problems and have made progress arship is unquestioned, tho many toward the emancipation of their wo- will dissent from some of the positions men. But much remains to be ac- taken in biblical criticism. Among the complished. It is worth while to fol- special contributors to this volume are low these ten noble missionary women Dr. and Mrs. Edwin M. Bliss, who as our guides and see the unwhole- furnish the missionary bibliography some conditions and the blessings that and articles on missions; Dr. H. K. Christianity and civilization are bring- Carroll (Methodism), President Fran- ing.

cis E. Clark (Christian Endeavor), THE REVOLT OF SUNDARAMA. By Maud ]. Elmore. Illustrated. 12mo, 160 pp. Dr. Joseph B. Clark (Home Missions) , $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1911.

Dr. J. J. T. Hamilton (Moravians), Sundarama is a Hindu maiden who revolts against the time-honored sys- Arthur N. Johnson (London Mission- tem of child-marriage. The story is ary Society), Dr. D. Kalopathakes well told and most attractively illus- (Greece), Gustav vVarneck (Mis- trated and printed. It lifts the veil sions), and Dr. Georg-e Washburn and reveals the life of the Indian Ze- (Turkey) . On the subject of mis- nana. The girl is human, but the sursions, this volume has important con- roundings are Oriental-the India of tributions on the following subjects: reality, and not of fiction. The inter- An excellent article on Turkey and est is remarkably well sustained and its missions, one unusually complete on the story will prove a valuable addichurch union, the Moravians (Unitas tion to missionary literature for young Fratrum), the Volunteers of America, people. the Waldenses, the West Indies, Woman's Work, and Young People'S Societies. There are also some brief sketches of missionaries, living and SITA. A Story of Child-Marriage Fetters. dead, and mission lands in their alpha- By Olivia A. Baldwin. Illustrated. 8vo, betical order. 353 pp. $1.25· nel. Fleming H. Revell We do not hesitate to say that this Co., 1911.

is the best comprehensive religious en- There is an abundance of the pa- cyclopedia of recent date. On the thetic in the story of child life ill India.

whole, its positions, on disputed or The ignorance, sin and ill-treatment doubtful points, is judicial and both with which girls become acquainted sides are presented. On points of in- are enoug-h to stir the hardest heart.

formation it is accur:tte and often un- There is. however, so much of novelty usually full and readable. and human interest in a story like DAYLIGHT IN THE HAREM. A New Era for that of Sita that it possesses a fas- Moslem Women. Papers read at the cination for the reader. The author is Lucknow Conference, 1911. Edited by a medical 11l1SSlOnary and knows Annie Van Somner and Samuel M. Zwemer. 12mo, 224 pp. $1.25, net. whereof she writes. The story is dis- Fleming H. Revell Co., 1911. tinctly missionary in its purpose, but It is time that daylight entered the the plot and movement are well sus· moral and intellectual darkness of the tained.

BOOKS ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

A VORLlJ BOOK OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. Ed- suffering, heroism and love. They are ward T. Reed. 12mo, 300 pp. 2s. 6d., wholesome and entertaining. They net. Headley Bros., London, 1911. move to deeds.

It is a difficult matter to condense CHINA, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CoNDITIONS. into 300 pages the story of foreign Annals of the American Academy of missions, "what they are, what they Political and Social Science. No. 128. prove, and how to help," but Mr. Reed $1.00, Philadelphia, January. 1912. has given us a very good epitome. He begins with the Jews, follows with The prominence of China before the chapters on the Greeks, the Romans and the Christians. He gives the story public mind, due to the present revoluof beginnings and describes briefly the work of some great societies. tion and famine, makes the appearance of this volume of timely interest. It Under 'What Missions Prove, the consists ?f. sixt~en chapters by Chi- supremacy of Christianity is brought nese, mlSSlOnanes, professors, and out and the power of the Gospel. Practical methods of helping in the public officials, dealing with various great campaign are shown in chapters on the Church, the Laymen, Prayer, political, educational, and social conetc. A list of good books is recommended, but it is not well balanced as ditions and problems. These are valuto proportions. able contributions to our study of the UNDER THE PROPHET IN UTAH. By Frank subjects, and those interested would J. Cannon and Harvey J. O·Higgins. 12mo, 402 pp. $1.35, net. The C. M. do well to secure and read the volume Clark Pub. Co., Boston, 1911. with care.

Here Mormonism is shown in its TIGER AND TOM and Other Stories for true light by one who sympathizes with Mormons, but sees the menace in their Boys. 12mo, 224 pp. 75c. system. It is not a novel, but is THE KINds DAUGHTER and Other Stories quite as interesting and more impor- for Girls. 12mo, 224 pp. 75c. tant. The former United States Senator from Utah gives, in plain language, SPRING BLOSSOMS. 8vo, 64 pp. his view of the national menace that lies in the "political priestcraft of tbe GOSPEL PRIMER. 12mo 96 pp. Southern Mormon Church." It is a story of Publishing Co. ' plotting and deceit that ought to startle the nation from its indifference. We The first two volumes in this list have here the inside history of how Utah attained Statehood, and it should are brief stories, each of which points not be ignored. Politically, Mormonism is a wonderful organization, as a a moral. They are wholesome and religion it is grotesque, in morals it debasing. Every Christian should be mildly interesting. They are good informed on this matter. morals, but they are not good litera- DOWN NORTH ON THE LABRADOR. By Wil- fred T. Grenfell. 12mo, 230 pp. $1.00, ture, and are poorly printed. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1911. "Spring Blossoms" is a volume con- Dr. Grenfell is deservedly a popular writer and speaker. He is a man who tZLining much poor poetry and based on knows how to see, how to do, and how to describe graphically and simply his faulty psychology. The "Gospel Primobservations and his work. The present volume gives some very readable er" contains some good Bible stories stories of life on the Labrador-stories of animals and of men, of poverty, yell told for little folks.

NEW BOOKS AFRICA OF TO-DAY. By Joseph King Good- rich. J1]ustrated, 12mo, 315 pp. $1.50, net. A. C. McClurg & Co, Chicago 1912. "

CHILDREN OF PERSIA. By Mrs. Napier Malcolm. Illustrated, 16mo, % pp. 60 ceuts, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1912.

CHARACTER-BUILDING IN CHINA. The Life Story of Julia Brown Mateer. By Robert McCheyne Mateer. Illustrated, 12mo, 184 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1912.

THE STOLEN BRIDEGROOM, And Other East Indian Idylls. By Anstice Ab- bott. Frontispiece, 12mo, 157 pp. 75c., net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1912.

MOROCCO AFTER TWENTY-FIVE YEARS. A AMONG THE ESKIMOS OF LABRADOR. A Description of the Country, Its Laws Record of Five Years' Close Inter- and Cnstoms, and the European Situa- tion. By Dr. Robert Kerr. Illustrated. course with the Eskimo Tribes of La- lOs., 6d., lIet. Murray & Evenden, Ltd., London, 1912. brador. By S. K. Hutton, M.B. Il- THE NEW SPIRIT IN EGYPT. By H. Hamil- lustrated, 8vo, 343 pp. 16s., lIet. ton Fyfe. 55. William Blackwood & Seeley, Service & Co., London; J. B. Son, London, 1911. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1912. AFRICAN MISSIONS: IMPRESSIONS OF THE SOUTH, EAST AND CENTER OF THE DARK My ADVENTURES AMONG SOUTH SEA CAN- CONTINENT. By B. G. O'Rorke. 213 pp. S. P. C. K., London, 1912. NIBALS. By Douglas Rannie. Illus- NIGERIA. Its People and Its Problems. By E. D. Morel. lOs. 6d., lief. Smith, trated, 8vo. $3.50, net. J. B. Lippin- Elder, London, 1911. cott Co., Philadelphia, 1912. YAKUSU: THE VERY HEART OF AFRICA. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ISLAM. A Diction- Being Some Account of the Protest- ant Mission at Stanley Falls, Upper ary of Geography, Ethnography and Kongo. By H. Sutton Smith. 65., lIet. Biography of the Mohammedan Peo- Marshall Bros., London and Edin- burgh, 1911. ples. Edited by M. Th. Houtsma and AN ENGLISHWOMAN'S TWENTY-FIVE YEARS T. W. Arnold. No. X. E. J. Brill, IN TROPICAL AFRICA. Being the Biog- Ltd., Leyden, 1911.

raphy of Gwen Elen Lewis, Missionary MOHAMMEDANISM. By D. S. Margoliouth to the Kameruns and the Kongo. By D.Litt. Is. Williams & Norgate, Lon~ the Rev. George Hawker. 35., net. don, 1912. Hodder & Stoughton, New York and London, 1911. HADJIN AND THE ARMENIAN MASSACRES. SOUTH AMERICAN PROBLEMS. By Robert E. By Rose Lambert. Fleming H. Re- Speer. Illustrated, 12mo, 270 pp. 75c. Student Volunteer Movement, New vell Co., New York, 1911. York, 1912. THE CHINESE REVOLUTION. By Arthur THE REVOLUTlON IN CONSTANTINOPLE AND Judson Brown. Illustrated, 12mo, 217 TURKEY. By Sir Wppi.lliamHodRdaemr say& pp. 75c. Student Volunteer Move- D.C.L. 8vo, 323 ment, New York, 1912. Stoughton, New York and London. SEED THOUGHTS FOR RIGHT LIVING. By LIFE IN THE MOSLEM EAST. By Pierre Alvah Sabin Hobart, D.D. 12mo, 303 pp. SOc., net. Griffith & Rowland Ponafidine. Translated from the Rus- Press, Philadelphia, 1912. THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD. A Brief, Com- sian by Emma Cochran Ponafidine. parative Study of Christianity anu Non-Christian Religions. By Robert 16mo, 429 pp. Hodder & Stoughton, E. Speer. Illustrated, 12mo, 372 pp. New York and London, 1911. Central Committee on the United Study of Mission, West Medford, CHILDREN'S MISSIONARY STORIES. Compiled Mass., 1912. by Alice Moreton Burnett. 128 pp. JONAH THE GATH-HEPHER. By Edward A. 40c. Christian Publishing C0., Day- Marshall. Illustrated, 8vo, 205 pp. ton, 0., 1912. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., THE UNVARYING EAST: MODERN SCENES New York, 1912. THE LIFE OF DR. ARTHUR JACKSON, OF AND ANCIENT SCRIPTURES. By the Rev.

MANCHURIA. By the Rev. Alfred J. E. J. Hardy. 288 pp. 7s. 6d. Fisher Costain, with Preface by the Rev. W. Unwin, London, 1912. Watson. 2s. Hodder & Stoughton, London and New York, 1911. MISSIONARY HEROINES IN MANY LANDS. ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS. Second Reader. Readings and Language Les- Illustrated, 169 pp. Is. 6d. Seeley, sons in History, Industries and Civics. By Peter Roberts, Ph.D. 12mo, 212 London, 1912. pp. SOc., postpaid. Association Press, 124 East 28th St., New York, 1912. MISSlONARY METHODS, Sr. PAUL'S OR OURS? AMONG THE TRIBES IN SOUTHWEST CHINA. By the Rev. Roland Allen. Scott, By Samuel R. Clarke. 3s., 6d. Mor- gan & Scott, London, 1912. London. PEOPLES AND PROBLEMS OF INDIA. By Sir 'i. W. Holderness. 256 pp. 1s., lIet. A MAN IN SHINING ARMOUR. The Story Williams & Norgate, London, 1912. of the Life of Villiam Wilson. By A. J. 'and G. Crosfie1d. 3s. 6d., net. Headley Bros., London, 1911.

BEYOND THE PIR PANJA!.. Life Among the Mountains and Valleys of Kash- mir. By Ernest Neve, M.D. 12s. 6d.

T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1911.

KONGO LIFE AND FOLKLORE. By the Rev.

John H. Weeks. 5s., net. Religious Tract Society, London, 1911.

THE POSITION OF WOMEN IN INDIAN LIFE.

By the Maharani of Baroda and S. M.

Mitra. 5s., net. Longmans, Green & Co., N ew York and London, 1911.

INDIAN TOPICS. Or Experience in Indian Missions. By Rev. D. A. Sanford. 108 pp. Broadway Publishing Co., New York, 1912.

THE SOCIAL VORK OF CHRISTIAN MIS.sIONS.

By .AI,va W .. -r:aylor. $1.00. Foreign Chnstlan MISSIOnary Society, Cincin- nati, 1911.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1912

THE MISSIONARIES SEE IN INDIA, BURMA AND

1. A native primary school in India. 9. A Burmese Christian and ·her discarded idol. 2. The "gold dust" twins in India. 10. Burmese girls in a Buddhist temple. 11. A Beluchistan hut and family. 3. Indian women in their cart. 12. A Y. M. C. A. preaching band on tOllr. 4. Carving on a pagoda in Rangoon, Burma. 13. A missionary ready for a tour. 5. Some lepers in India. 6. A Hindu temple and sacred tank. 14. Indian women grinding at the mill. 7. Mohammedans at prayer. Delhi festival. 15. A Moslem minaret in Delhi. 8. A somasi in India. 16. Naga women from Patkoi RiIls, Assam.

Missionary

® of the World ~ VOL. XXXV. No.4. APRIL, 1912 VOL. XXV. No. "I. Old Series N,w S"ies Signs of the· Times THE MARCH OF EVENTS IN CHINA been tortured and one British mis- VENTS follow each sionary, Rev. F. Day, of the S. P. G., stationed at Yungching Hsien, was IDE other thick and fast in killed by the rioters. As a rule, how- the new Republic of ever, missionaries, schools, chapels China, so that one can and foreign property generally have scarcely realize that thus far been protected. There is cablegrams in the daily still danger of the unrest and dispress refer to this conservative empire. order that usually follow in the wake which a few months ago seemed still of great popular uprisings against esin the sleep of the middle ages. Fol- tablished authorities. The taste of lowing the general revolution and the power often unbalances judgment and proclamation of the Republic, with lets loose the reins of passion. the election of Dr. Sun Yat Sen as Provisional President, came the con- THE FUTURE LEADERS OF CHINA ferences with Yuan Shi Kai, the ab- HUMANLY speaking, the hopeful dication of the Emperor, with the sign of the times in China is pensioning of the Manchu dynasty. seen in the character of the leaders Then followed the acceptance of the who are working to reorganize the presidency by Yuan, thus uniting the nation. Under God, in their ideals divided Chinese patriots. The Man- and integrity rest the hopes for chu troops, seeing their service at an bringing order out of chaos and for end, mutinied and began to plunder the establishment in China of the and murder. They looted Peking greatest nation on the face of the and destroyed property worth $rs,- earth-a people, one-fourth of the 000,000, so that it has been neces- earth's population, with an ancient sary to call in foreign troops. civilization, conservative yet now Disorders have also been rife in aggressive, strong and stable, but now Tientsin, Tungchow, Paotingfu and active in adopting the best ideals that other cities. Some Christians have the world can furnish .

• The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW. but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, or positions taken by contributors to signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS. Some of these leaders have already elined to talk until he mentioned the been mentioned. Dr. Sun Yat Sen, annual sacrifice at the Temple of when provisional president, voted Heaven, and asked how that would against the indiscriminate killing of be carried on." Then his eyes shone Manchus, on the ground that while and he spoke slowly: "All sacrifices it was according to Chinese custom, will probably be stopt. The religion it was against Christian morality, and of the people will be Confucianism. said he: "I am a Christian." When But Jesus is better than Confucius, he asked how many Christians were and I am strongly in favor of more in the room (says Bishop Brent), missionaries coming to China to teach three-fourths of the men declared Christianity. We shall do all we can themselves to be followers of Christ. to assist missionaries, and the more Such are the men who have their we get to come to China the greater hands on the wheel of the Chinese will the Republican Government be ship of state. Dr. Sun is said to have pleased." remarked, "Our great hope for China is in the Bible and education." When Wang Chung Wei, the Attorneyhe was attacked in London by Chi- General of the Chinese Republic, is nese officials, he was on his way to said to be a Christian. He is a gradua service in St. Martin's Church. ate of the law department of Tientsin University. He took the degree of Yuan Shi Kai, while not a profest LL.B. at the University of California, Christian, has always been friendly to and doctor of civil laws from Yale the missionaries and their work. He in 1905. He lived and studied in is regarded as the ablest man in America and Germany for fifteen China. He organized the first mod- years. ern Chinese army, and was the only viceroy able to protect the foreigners Chen Ching Tao was graduated in his province at the time of the with the degree of Ph.D. from Yale Boxer rebellion. He was also the in 1905. He is an authority on pofirst to substitute modern text-books litical economy, and was at the head for Confucian classics in the schools, of a commission sent to Europe to and inaugurated the custom of send- investigate the currency system. He ing Chinese young men abroad to is liberal-minded, but not a Christian study. Yuan's own children were so far as is known. educated by Mrs. Evans, an English missionary, and four of his sons are Chinese students in America bepupils in the mission college at Tient- lieve that in the Republic Church and sin. One wing of the college Yuan State will be separated, and full built at his own expense. liberty of belief and worship will be granted to all. We have already mentioned the Christian character of the Provisional A CONFERENCE ON MISSIONS IN Vice-President and Military Com- CHINA mander, General Li. A correspondent of the China Press, Shanghai, writes REPRESENTATIVES of foreign of an interview with General Li, dur- mission boards in the United ing which "General Li seemed disin- States and Canada met in New York (February 29th), to discuss the situation in that land now in the throes of a new birth. It was inti-

OF THE TIMES

mated by missionaries that if the for the whole nation should be made home boards would take hands off, up of the leaders of all denominathe workers in the field would con- tions, foreign and native. In this solidate Protestant Christianity into central board on the field should be one united force in the new Oriental vested the final power to determine republic. One just returned from the scope and sphere of each denomi- Fuchau was emphatic in saying that nation's activity. the missionaries had repeatedly been obliged to forego plans for union be- THE OPPORTUNITY OF THE cause of missionary secretaries in CHURCH IN CHINA America. T HE sudden changes in China The recent conference, in which were represented thirty foreign mis- thrust mighty responsibilities essionary boards and societies, was as pecially upon American Christians. hearty in commending union for To-day no country is held in so high Christian work, but opinions were esteem in China as the United States, recognized as personal, not binding and especial attention is being paid to on the boards for whom they serve as Americans and American missionexecutives. The resolutions adopted aries. But the New China is eviwere turned over to the Committee of dently friendly to all Christians and Reference and Counsel to be trans- to Christianity itself. Idolatry seems mitted, with copies of the papers read, absolutely doomed, and in many to the boards maintaining the estab- places Christian officials have been lished Foreign Missions Conference appointed. In Canton the son of one of North America. of the old Presbyterian preachers, a graduate of Columbia Law School Dr. James L. Barton, secretary of is in hibh authority. Another Christhe American Board, analyzed the tian, a teacher in Fati School, is in Christian union which will be capable permanent position over the revenues of making a real impression on China. and has taken as his helper another One common name adopted for all native Christian. Protestant Chinese congregations, so that denominational differences should The missionaries generally expect be submerged out of the sight. Sepa- that with the disappearance of the rate denominational institutions of old system of persecution for those education should be merged-inclu- who abandoned ~ncestral worship ding even theological seminaries, and large numbers of inquirers will apshould be operated on a union basis. pear, and they are troubled how to Christian literature issued in the Chi- take care of them. nese language should be prepared and published by a joint board represent- China is wide open. Let the Church ing all the missions. Finally, arrange- enter and possess the land for Christ! ments ought to be made for executive control on the field which would IS A BETTER DAY DAWNING FOR govern all Protestant mission work INDIA? harmoniously. District councils for the various provinces and one board THE Durbar at Delhi, connected with the visit of King George V. of England as Emperor of India, was made the occasion for changing the capital from Calcutta to Delhi.

The festivities were luxurious and of Hinduism, the Vedas and the stretched over many days, costing an Upanishads, be made the foundation immense amount of money, but the in- of Indian laws. In those books noth- fluence on the spirit of the people ing is found pertaining to caste and seems to have been good. child-marriage, to the burning of wid- King George was accompanied by ows, and to many other evils that sap the strength of India and hinder the Queen Mary, and none can say what preaching and acceptance of the Gosit meant to the women of India, es- pel. The use of the Vedas as the pecially the Mohammedans, to see her foundation of Indian law may be of stand by the side of the Irmperor much advantage to the Christian misduring the coronation festivities. To sionaries in the great empire. the down-trodden and much-neglected women of India she must have been FEDERATION IN INDIA a living illustration of what Christianity does for man and woman. The A FURTHER step toward the acpublic appearance of the Empress of complishment of the Federation India should prove a help to the work of the Churches of India was taken at of Christian missionaries among the a conference held at Jubbulpore last women and girls of India. summer. At the same place two The changes announced in the ad- years ago a basis for such a federa- ministration of India may also have tion was adopted. The six resolutions some influence for good upon the have been widely accepted by churches progress of Christianity. If it should and missions, which exprest wilIing- prove true that a member of the royal ness to enter such a federation, and family will occupy the place of Vice- sent delegates to the second confer- roy of India in future, Delhi may have ence of last August. The churches a real royal court again, and the represented were the Presbyterian quieting of revolutionary influences Church in India, the South India may result so that the missionaries United Church, the M. E. Church, the will find the doors more widely open. Friends, the Indian Mission of the The most important change ordered Disciples of Christ, the American Ma- by the newly crowned Emperor seems rathi Mission, the English Baptists, to be that which refers to Indian law and the Wesleyans. The U. P.

and administration. Hitherto, Great Church of North America was unoffi- Britain has followed the policy to rec- cially represented, while the Victorian ognize and follow the laws which it Baptists, the Scandinavian Alliance found in existence. They sanction Mission, and the Kurku and Central the pernicious caste system and the India Hill Mission approved of the child marriage and .allow the burning Federation, but sent no representa- of widows (which was forbidden by tives.

a special law, but is said to be carried The following resolution was on in secret), and other inhuman in- adopted: stitutions which degrade the people "The Federation shall not interfere morally and socially. Now the Em- with the existing creed of any church peror has ordered that the old relig- or society entering into its fellowship, ious books of India, the very sources or with its internal order or external

relations. But in accepting the prin- Shah has added to the distress, and ciple that the Church of God is one, some thirty towns near Hamadan are and that believers are the body of reported sacked. The famine has be- Christ and severally members thereof, come so acute that cannibalism is the federating churches agree to rec- said to be resorted to in some dis- ognize each other's discipline, and to tricts to satisfy hunger.

welcome members of other federating Russia is largely responsible for churches to Christian fellowship and these conditions, and the hearts of communion, while leaving each church the missionaries grow sick as they free to adopt such forms regarding see Persia's unhappy state and dark orders, ministry, and admission to outlook. The only hope is in God.

membership as it believes to be in ac- He can change the evil turn in the cordance with the teaching of Scrip- tide, and doubtless will in His own ture and the mind of Christ." I!ood time.

A Another resolution was adopted in- THE MEN OF THE SOUTHLAND viting churches which can not see WONDERFULLY inspiring con- their way to enter the Federation, to vention was that of the Lay- unite with the federating churches in men's Missionary Movement of the conferences for mutual help in the Southern Presbyterian Church in work. A committee was appointed to Chattanooga on February 6th, 7th carryon negotiations looking toward and 8th. As a result of the first such conferences with the non-federa- convention in Birmingham three years ting churches. ago, there have been many new mis- TROUBLES IN PERSIA sionaries and a large increase in the offerings of the Church. The Chat- PERSIA'S unhappy condition comes tanooga convention brought together both from internal weakness and over I,5oo representative men, nearly from external irritation by Russia 300 of whom were pastors. Two theo- and Great Britain. Mr. Shuster com- logical seminaries sent their whole plains that the jealousy of these two body of students.

powers hampered him and put an end In the addresses the delegates heard to his successful work of reorganizing of what others are doing, and were the Persian national financiers and encouraged by words of commenda- refilling- the national treasury so that tion. The history of the missionary the Government could institute and work of the Church was eloquently carry out reforms and improvements. reviewed by Dr. James 1. Vance, and He affirms that Great Britain and the various mission fields of to-day Russia prepared to keep Persia weak were reviewed as to their conditions and in debt for their own purpDses. and their needs.

Now famine has added its quota of Much emphasis was laid on train- ills to poverty; misrule and bloodshed. ing the future leadership of the The Kurds are ravaging the border- Church, but that which will live long- land, and ruining the crops, so that est in the memory of those present Turkey is joining in the work of is the elimax on the last night. Ever rendering Persia helpless. The re- since the Eirmingham Convention, the bellion under the brother of the ex- Church, largely through the Laymen's

Movement, has been laboring to fur- naries and colleges. Then the aunish an object-lesson by completely dience demanded its turn; in a few equipping its Korean field, both with moments pledges were made to send missionaries and with institutions. at least ten to the field as soon as With the exception of two physicians they could go. It was a thrilling and three teachers, this force has been scene, impossible to describe, but one provided and its support insured. which will never be forgotten by those The last fourteen missionaries met at who witnessed it.-JAS. LEWIS HOWE. Chattanooga, and after a portrayal of conditions in Korea, the departing A MILLION DOLLARS FOR MISSIONS missionaries came to the platform and were introduced to the audience. It THE United Presbyterian Church was a scene of great enthusiasm, ranks among the smaller ecclesimingled with emotion, as the Union Seminary quartet softly sang "Speed astical bodies, but stands near the Away, Speed Away, on Your Er- front for missionary zeal. As evirand of Light." dence, we note the following propo- sition which has been published: After the Korean band had been seated on one side of the platform, The Million-dollar Campaign pro- Rev. Motte Martin, of the Kongo poses a simultaneous every-member Mission, told the story of its needs; canvass in every congregation during the force depleted, the natives from the month of March, 1912, for a 300 miles away, begging in vain for weekly pledge for missions to be Bible teachers, and the native Church paid during the year beginning April praying for So more missionaries to I, 1912. The following schedule rebe sent. At the close of this ap- veals the possibilities for the campeal, Mr. Campbell White, knowing paIgn: that there were those present who had already volunteered for the Kongo, Per Week 26,000 asked those who would respond to 50 members at $10.00 …………. $ 78,000 this call to come to the platform. 300 members at 5.00 ………… . 208,000 Twenty-five men and four young 2,000 members at 2.00 ………… . 260,000 women came and stood there, eager 5,000 members at 1.00 ………… . 130,000 to go forth and win Central Africa 156,000 for Christ. Among these were some 5,000 members at .50 ………… . 156,000 of the choicest men from the semi- 12,000 members at .25 ………… . 78,000 30,000 members at .10 ………… . 41,600 30,000 members at .OS ………… . 40,000 members at .02 . ……….. .

124,350 $1,133,600 Leaving from 12,000 to 14,000 members not included in the above schedule.

HEIGHTS AND DEPTHS OF

BY .T. N. FARQUHAR, CALCUTTA, INDIA General Student Secretary, National Y. M. C. A., India ~. T HERE are two sides to pose so as to suit men at every most questions, but not stage of religious advancement. That there has been corruption during the often do we find such centuries is acknowledged, but these excrescences, it is alleged, can easily . a hopeless divergence be removed; and the faultless original , ~ of opinion as there exists at the present moment on the subject of the charac- faith will then remain.

ter and value of Hinduism. On the Since Hinduism is thus so great, its one side stand modern educated Hin- defenders declare that it is the best dus and the Theosophical Society, gathering center for all the religions who speak of Hinduism as one of of the world. Here all other faiths the greatest, probably the very great- can be harmonized and reconciled.

est, of all the religians. They say Certain considerable elements of this that it is spiritual through and most favorable judgment would be through; that it contains a most noble accepted by impartial European scholmoral system; and that in intellectual ars. The Hindu has many fine quo- subtlety and truth, and in spiritual tations at his finger ends from Miil- power, its philosophy stands supreme. ler, Deussen, Garbe, and others which They point to the myriads of monks he sets out to the best advantage to and hermits who have lived in India show that his estimate of the reas evidence that here more than in ligion is reasonable.

any other land the true spirit of as- On the other side there stand a ceticism has been manifested. They large number of Christian mISSIOnregard the forms of Hindu life as aries and a few scholarly writers almost perfect, since they hallow who, in varied terms and with vary- every element of the family, of so- ing emphasis, declare that, tho Hin- ciety, and of public life. They are duism contains a number of good bold enough even to deny that the things, it is yet one of the grossest worship of the common people in the of all religions. They characterize temples of the land is idolatrous, and the common religion of the people pronounce it lofty and spiritual. as idolatrous, ritualistic, superstitious, Images are only a means for helping often barbarous, and here and there the uneducated toward the real spiri- grossly filthy and immoraL They tual worship which they practise. The point out that the stories of the gods, whole system, whether the practise of and especially the histories of the the home, the worship of the priests incarnations of Vishnu, which hold or the ritual of the temple, is said to such a large place in the religion of be filled with rich meaning down to the people, are utterly unhistorical, the lowest details. The various as- sheer fabrications. The forms of pects of the faith, from the loftiest family and of social life in vogue philosophy down to the simplest among the Hindus are to these think- image worship, are explained as ers cruel in the extreme, inhuman, merely different expressions of the utterly condemnable, and the Brah- one inner spirit, varied of set pur- mans are the worst enemies of India.

While these writers recognize that view. Here we have one cause of the various forms of Hindu philoso- the difficulty of increasing missionary phy are exceedingly subtle and con- revenue. Now and then one sees an tain many striking suggestions, they article in which missionaries on furpoint out that, regarded as religion, lough are denounced as the greatest the philosophy is simply false, that liars on earth. It is thus time that it has rather hindered than helped an attempt were made to show clearly the progress of reform within Hin- where the truth lies. duism, and that it has been for many centuries one of the greatest bulwarks We begin with certain aspects of of the gross idolatry of the Hindu the religion which seem to favor the temple. Modern ascetics are con- Hindu claims. demned as dirty, ignorant, idle, often immoral, living on the charity of the The Beauties of Hinduism people and doing nothing for India. While the literature of Hinduism has (a) Hinduism as a system is based many high qualities, as literature, its on a belief in revelation. The Hindu general effect upon the mind of the lives under laws which he says were people is said to be exceedingly bad, directly revealed for the guidance of since it stands in the way of all re- his race. His religion is in no sense form, upholding the grossest abuses a rationalism. The people, like the of the family, society and the temple, Israelites, have always believed themand since large sections of it are selves to be holy, because born in a hideously immoral. holy race and purified by divinely appointed sacraments. Holiness and The chasm between these two purity, however formal the concepparties threatens to widen rather than tions may be, are regarded as the to narrow; for while there is a grow- very core of the religious life. ing movement among missionaries toward a sympathetic attitude toward . Every part of the Hindu system is the religions of India, the Hindu mediated by priests, who come of a party, on the other hand, have been race believed to have been created by steadily increasing their claims as to Heaven for the priestly office. Man the value of their religion. It is is acknowledged to be separated from clearly a matter of considerable mo- God and to need a God-appointed ment that the truth should become mediator. recognized; for, if the Hindus are wrong, the present flood of panegyric To the Hindu the family is a sais exceedingly unhealthy for the Hin- cred, a mystic community, to which du people; while, if the missionaries belong equally the dead, the living, are mistaken, their work will suffer and the unborn. The well-being of seriously from their wrong attitude all depends upon the reverent worto the religion they have to meet. ship of the dead, and the faithful We ought also to notice that the fulfilment of all duties, by the living feeling of the uninformed public of members. The father is head of the Europe and America tends to favor family, controlling its religion and its the Hindu rather than the missionary property, ruling his wife and all his male descendants and their families, and seeing to their welfare. The wife and the son, altho subject to the father, have each an honored place.

I9 I2 THE HEIGHTS AND DEPTHS OF

The widow is the nun of the family. (c) The ideas that inspire Hindu Even the domestic cow is revered. asceticism are bold, far-reaching, not to say extravagant. No other land Society, no less than the family, is has gone so far as India in its condivine to the Hindu. The most promi- tempt for everything that appeals to nent characteristic of caste is its the senses. But the most amazing divinity: it is ordained of God in thing about it is its tremendous realevery detail. The purposes also ity, the fact that so many thousands which underlie the caste system are of men in all the centuries have flung of great importance and moral worth, themselves into the ascetic life and altho the means employed, to our have endured such self-denial and modern experience, are very far from such suffering as ordinary human nasatisfactory. The guarding of purity ture shrinks from. In modern times was probably the main aim in view in the movement has withered. There the formation of the system, purity is comparatively little seriousness in of food, of race, of custom and mo- it, and there is more show than sufrality. In the early days, when the fering. Yet even now it is with a caste system took form, no other sudden shock of surprize that one means was open to the people of the realizes how many thousands of men world than social exclusiveness. That and women live in nakedness, rags, was the method universally used in poverty, and dirt. The force of the the ancient world. In thinking of the belief behind it, that the ascetic is strength of caste feeling among mod- the only saint, is very great indeed. ern Hindus, all these facts must be kept in view, as well as the pride (d) The philosophy of India stands which plays so large a part to-day. apart from all other speculation. No- where else has intellectual thought eb) Despite its grossness and un- been so directly and for so long a time at the service of religion. The cleanness, the popular worship of the best Hindu philosophy is from first temples of India has for two millen- to last spiritual in aim, and in much niums given the ignorant masses of of its outworking it is spiritual also. the people a way to worship the In- Hence, while the Upanishads in cerfinite, an outlet for religious feeling, tain respects fall far behind Western and a place of hope in time of dire thought in devotional earnestness and trouble. They have felt their gods power, there is probably no other were with them. The blood-stained philosophic literature to match them. sacrifice, the noisy celebration of a With the rise of the Gita, Indian phigod's birthday, or the quiet offering losophy bec:ame connected with the of a few leaves and water, has been popular worships. In consequence, of real service in the piteous blind- multitudes of men, who otherwise ness of their quivering hearts. Tho would have had no touch with the they worship Gam~sa with the ele- best thought, have been introduced to phant head, or Kali, the Black, with philosophy. the projecting tongue, or some even more gruesome idol, •their priests (e) Not the least noticeable among have told them that their worship .is the religious groups of Hinduism are really received by the one God behind the many sects that teach incarnaall their images and ceremonies.

tion and bhakti,' and in many ways civilization, gave the people a certain they are the most healthy of all the standard of moral life and character· groups within the religion. The and the consciousness of belonging theology of these systems is usually to a great system and a great people.

very crude; yet we should acknowledge It is also certain that, apart from the that each one aims at theism, at spiritu- tenacity and strength of the caste and ality and an improved morality. It family system of Hinduism, the Hin- is clear from the literature that mul- du people in later ages would have titudes of men from every class have been cut to pieces and ground to been greatly helped in their religious powder by the successive invasions life by the doctrine of bhakti, a pas- from Central Asia. Instead of losing sion of devotion toward the Lord of their identity and their culture, they the sect. This doctrine was usually finally absorbed every group of for- associated with some rudimentary eigners except monotheists.

idea of salvation by faith. Thirdly, surely no Christian can There are three general considera- study Hinduism without being stirred tions which ought not to be over- to his very depths a thousand times looked in seeking to estimate the with the consciousness that most of value of Hinduism. the forms of this extraordinary r~­ The first is this, that the ascetic, ligion are essentially, eternally right, philosophic and bhakti movements in spite of all the degradation with were clearly inspired by spiritual which they are filled. The cult of motives and aspirations. They were the Persian Mithra, which won such founded by men who were not satis- remarkable success in the Roman fied with the ordinary Hinduism of army, had so many points of resem- the family, the priest and the temple, blance to Christianity tbat the early men who had a passionate desire for Christians declared that it must have release from the bondage of the been invented by the devil for the world, for knowledge of God, for purpose of entrapping souls. The re- some sort of living fellowship with semblance between Hinduism and the Divine. The literature of these . Christianity is in many ways far movements and the institutions they deeper and more real. In form, at have created are clear proof of the least, one can find as many parallels lofty aims and the self-sacrificing in Hinduism to Christianity as in purpose of the great leaders. ancient Judaism. How powerful, then, The Success of Hinduism must be the influence of these forms The second point to be noted is the upon the minds of Hindus.

tremendous success which the Hindu The Errors of Hinduism scheme as a whole has won in India.

The Aryan immigrants were but as 'vYe now reverse the shield and a small quantity of leaven amid the begin to look at numerous details in thronging tribes of the Indian penin- Hindu life and worship which have sula. Yet the Brahmans, with their not yet come within our survey.

social and theological system, organ- ( a) We begin with this, that altho ized practically the whole popula- the forms of the Hindu system are tion, covered the peninsula with their admirable in many ways, the content!

HEIGHTS AND DEPTHS OF

are simply pagan. The ceremonial of men that this symbol suggests no evil the daily prayers, of the domestic passion or unclean idea to the wor- sacraments, of the temple worship shipers, and that statement must be and of the great festivals is purely accepted as far as possible; yet the external, the value of the whole de- fact remains that India is the last pending on the ritual correctness of remaining civilized country that worword and deed. ships a phallic symbol to-day. These objects of worship were once almost The worship of the people is idola- universal throughout the world, but trous from beginning to end. This with the spread of civilization they is true, even of the followers of the have disappeared. There were abunphilosophies, of modern ascetics, and dance of such things in Japan sixty of the Bhakti sects as well. Worship years ago; but when the awakening is not offered to the incomprehensible came they were swept out of exist- Atman, the impersonal God of Hindu ence. It is scarcely comprehen ,ibl:, philosophy. It is Kali, Siva, Rama, how the modern Hindu can have his Krishna, Ganesa, Hanuman, or some little daughter go to the temple and other member of the innumerable be taught the meaning of what she pantheon that is adored. The di- sees in the shrines of Siva. No vinity is believed to be present in the amount of philosophic mystification image; to the god present in the can whitewash this horrible practise. image the Hindu offers his worship and his oblation; to him he makes There is much actual licentiousness his petition. This cult is identical wrapt up in the literature and reboth in spirit and in method with the ligion of India. Large parts of the use of images among the ancient Sanskrit M ahabharata are foul in the Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks and extreme, and certain of the vernacu- Romans. To say that it is not idol- lar versions of both epics are exceedatry is simply a gross misuse of lan- ingly immoral. A great deal of the guage. literature of Krishnaism is erotic and very unclean. Many of the Tantras Those who have not wandered are unfit for publication. We do not about India and watched the people refer to casual references to sexual at their devotions can have little idea matters such as are found in the how monstrous and degrading the greatest literature of all nations, but objects of worship are. While all the to narratives filled with sensualism great gods are represented as anthro- and evil suggestion. It is no wonder, pomorphic, there is scarcely one of therefore, that one group of the Sakthem that has not some monstrous tas who use the Tantras and certain feature; and the vast majority of the Krishnaite sects make sexual immoobjects of Hindu worship are not rality a part of their worship. These even human: they are animals, de- facts about the literature make one mons, devils, evil spirits, stones, trees external fact less amazing than it and sllch like. There is one other would otherwise be, namely this, that fact that must be frankly stated here. there are attached to most of the The commonest of all objects of wor- great temples of southern India bands ship throughout India is the lingam of prostitutes who are known as of Siva. We are told by competent

servants of the god, and who do now Vishnu and Siva actually appeared in and then take part in the worship human life. Yet even the tales of with song and dance, but whose real Krishna and Rama as avatars of occupation is very different. Scouts Vishnu, by far the noblest parts of are sent out throughout the country Vishnuism, are mythological from be- to seek out and buy, for this horrible ginning to end. Every scholar ac- life, girl babies who are not wanted knowledges the fact. The question where they have been born. is never even discust.

There are a number of customs Again, these systems are hopelessly prescribed in the inspired legal litera- vicious in this way, that no one of ture of Hinduism and still practised them is a true monotheism. Siva or in every Hindu household, which are Vishnu, Rama or Krishna, whichever simply savage survivals. For example, it may be, is simply one of the mul- a dead body, a new-born child and titude of Hindu gods, selected by a its mother, must not be touched, as certain sect, and by them raised to they are unclean and will pollute any the dignity of the Supreme. But person who touches them. For this while one sect acclaims Krishna, an- reason, when a pregnant woman's other shouts in favor of Rama, and time comes, she is placed in some a third crowns Siva; and whichever shed or barn never used for human is raised to the proud position, his habitation, or in a hut specially wife and children share his glory, and erected for the purpose, and is not all the other gods of the Hindu pan- allowed to enter any room of the theon retain their old positions around house until a certain number of days him, and are recognized as his friends have elapsed. In the funeral service and relatives. Honored modern schol- a ball of rice and hopey is offered, ars have deliberately used the word which the spirit of the dead man is monotheism of one or other of these believed to eat, and from which he systems. We would respectfully sub- is believed to develop the material mit that, from the point of view of body which he requires in the other honest thinking, that is a very grave world. In the memorial services for misuse of language. The fact that the dead, a similar ball is offered to idolatry is found in every Bhakti sect the spirit of each departed ancestor. is further proof, if proof were needed, All this is pure savage superstition. that we have here no true monothe- The contents of the traditional Hindu ism, but merely a rearrangement of system are pagan. the divinities of Hindu polytheism.

(b) While the Bhakti sects of (c) Similarly the great aims which modern time are probably the noblest gave birth to Hindu asceticism and products of the Hindu spirit, yet their philosophy do not save these systems system is altogether impossible to from fatal defects which make them modern minds. The power which the totally unfit for acceptance to-day. If incarnations of Vishnu or the theo- the ideas which underlie the Ve- phanies of Siva exercise over the danta and the life of ancient Hindu hearts of modern Hindus arises alto- monks were really, actually, true, we gether from the belief that they are should be driven, by the sheer neces- historical, from the conviction that sity of honest logic, to demand that

THE HEIGHTS AND DEPTHS OF HINDUISM

all marriage should cease, that all poison which has worked through all men, women and children should give the centuries in the Hindu family, up family and social life, should re- producing in turn polygamy, infanti- tire to the deserts and forests, and cide, the refusal of education to girls, live in complete renunciation of so- child marriage, the prohibition of ciety, civilization, business, art, and widow marriage, the burning of worship, until the human race had widows, and the zenana system.

vanished from the face of our planet. (e) The frightful wrongs of caste, Either the implications of the Ve- which are now so widely recognized danta and the ideals of Hindu asceti- as immoral and inimical to national cism are true, and therefore healthy life by Hindus, similarly spring from for every human being, or else they the very center of the Hindu system.

are false. It is in the doctrine of transmigration There is one fact which is quite that the conception of caste finds its sufficient to destroy absolutely the ground. According to that doctrine, claim of the Vedanta to be worthy of men, when they return to the world, comparison with Christianity. The are at many various stages of spiri- God of the Vedanta is outside and tual progress, and the caste into which above morality. To the ancient mind each is born is precisely the social this seemed to be an essential element stage for which his spiritual condi- in the conception of the Absolute. To tion fits him. Thus, you can not root speak of the eternal God as moral out the caste system, with all its would have seemed to the early lIin- inhuman abuses, until you have rooted du to be a degradation of the Su- out transmigration.

preme to the level of a man. But Final Conclusions Judaism and Christianity have given the world from revelation that which We are thus brought to two final the philosophers were never able to conclusions with regard to this really give from speculation, the concept of great and fascinating religion. The the Supreme as essential!y moral and first is that the Hindu system, as a the source of the moral law. To ac- system, is hopelessly pagan through cept to-day a theology which does and through, fast bound to ritualistic not contain that priceless element polytheism, idolatry and savage su- would be as absurd as to accept a perstition, and yet that this hopeless science which does not insist upon system is shot through and through the constant consultation of nature. with innumerable lines of light, which (d) It is of the greatest importance have helped to guide myriads of to realize that the grievous wrongs souls throughout the centuries, and which the Hindu family system im- which as honest men we must ac- poses on women are not external knowledge and give their legitimate abuses which can be readily removed place to.

by a slight reform. The Hindu family The second conclusion is that as- is founded on ancestor worship, which <;eticism, philosophy, and the modern in every land has made the father the Bhakti sects have each and all arisen lord of the family and has depre- in response to a passionate desire for ciated woman. This is the ancient a truly spiritual religion, and have

each displayed an amollnt of spiritual the gross after a pattern. Further, wealth, but that all are to-day com- the real truth that is in Hinduism plete failures, because they have not ought to be preserved; and the pow- risen above the primeval conception erful inspiration of the saints and of God as nonl1loral, and Lave not heroes of former times must be saved shaken themselves free frOl1l the an- for the people of India. cient Brahmanical system with its poisonous doctrines of transmigration Strangely enough, as soon as we and ancestor-worship and its myriad begin to think of Christianity alongpagan elements. side of Hinduism, a most remarkable correspondence begins to make itself Hinduism every clear-eyed scholar felt. Nearly all the forms of ancient acknowledges to be a very great re- Hindu life reappear, transfigured, in ligion; yet it is hopelessly unfit for Christianity. There is not a spiritual the modern world or for man's high- aspiration exprest in the Upanishads, est needs. Nothing can save it from in the philosophies, in asceticism, or destruction. But while we unhesita- in the Bhakti theologies, that does not tingly condemn it as unfit for modern find perfect spiritual satisfaction in men, we ought as frankly to acknowl- Jesus Christ. While His Spirit will edge that the ancient system could tolerate nothing that is unworthy of scarcely have been other than it was. His Heavenly Father and the high The Brahmans built amazing well destiny of His human brothers, He with the materials they had: it was can take the nobiest elements of Hinscarcely their fault that better mate- du thought and fill them with a spiririals were not available. tual content which will satisfy the thirst of India, unquenched. so long. While Hinduism is destined to pass away, it will not disappear com- The correspondence between the pletely. Modern investigation has two faiths is very remarkable. There taught us that a change of religion are points of contact, it is true, benever makes a c0mplete break. There tween Mohammedanism and Hinduis always continuity of religious life ism, but they are trivial compared in some degree. It is impossible to with the relationships between the destroy men's minds and to recreate Gospel of Christ and the higher ideals them in a new shape. However po- of India. The human mind and hutent the new faith may be, it has to man needs are everywhere one. The work with the men who were created Hindu people, who possess remarkby the old system. Especially in the able religious gifts, have worked out case of a really mighty and pervasive into society and theology far more religion, such as Hinduism is, it fully than any other people the eswould be folly to expect that it will sential religious aspirations of the not color the future faith of the coun- human mind. Christianity is the one try. Nor ought we to desire such a faith which can give final spiritual thing. God does not desire to iron satisfaction to those needs of man the human race fiat, to smooth alit all which have received such vivid exnational differences, to make men by pression in Hinduism.

BRITISH MILITARY CAMP NEAR EANNU) ON THE BORDER OF AF"GHANISTAN

MEDICAL EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN FRONTIER BY DR. T. L. PENNELL, BANNU, U. W. F. P., INDIA Author of "Among the Wild Tribes of the Afghan Frontier"

WO British officers~ considerable freedom in the matter of managing their own affairs acmT were on the march in cording to tradition while restrain- the Tochi Valley, in ing them from tribal warfare, and from the grosser crimes of murder July, 1911. This val- and highway robbery. ley is one of those ~ highroads of commerce One of the two officers mentioned was the engineer in charge of the which connect Central Asia and road, and with him was a Hindu sub- overseer. Along the road were gangs Afghanistan with British India. The of coolies at work repairing the damage done by the rains and the tribes on the neighboring mountains mountain streams. These coolies were drawn from the tribes of the are independent and have never ac- valley itself, and from neighboring tribes of fanatical Afghans, whose knowledged allegiance to any ruler. mullahs were constantly filling their minds with religious hatred and were The British have, however, built a teaching them that the murder of a Christian officer would be a most good metalled cart-road along the meritorious act, and that if they themselves should lose their lives in vaney, and have established military posts from the point where the val- ley first leaves the plains of India up to the head of the pass, eighty miles farther on, and 5,000 feet higher up. Here they administer the valley area, not exactly according to the penal code of India, but by the compromise of allowing the tribes

consequence, an immediate entrance Hindu widow was left to weep in into the joys of Paradise was await- Dannu. ing them. In this episode we have an example As the officers made their tour of of the old fanaticism still burning in inspection a coolie would often run the hearts of the Afghans in COI11up to the engineer in charge of the parison with the new ideals growing road with a petition for the removal up in the minds of those who have of some real or imagined grievance, learned "the larger hope, the kindor for some pay kept back by an un- lier hand," and who in the comradescrupulous contractor, or for an in- ship of East and West have been crease of pay. ready to risk and lose their own lives for the Christians, whom at one time The two officers were in a cart, the they misunderstood and hated. engineer and his overseer seated behind, and when they saw one of the How are our frontier missions workers on the road running after striving to bring about this change? them they thought one of these motives had actuated some petitioner. Ring out the slowly dying cause The engineer, therefore, ordered the And ancient forms of party strife; coachman to stop the cart. It was Ring in the nobler modes of life only when the man had overtaken With sweeter manners, purer laws. them that the engineer saw a long Afghan knife flash out from under The old trinity of "teaching, preachthe man's cloak as he made a lunge ing, and healing" are now, as ever, at him. There was no time to draw the marching orders of the Christian the revolver which was lying by his missionary, but the outward forms in side on the seat of the cart, but a which these are carried out vary with kick out into the man's face parried place and time. The teaching is fothe blow. In another moment the cused in our schools, the healing in Hindu overseer (who had been a our hospitals and medical work, and student in the Bannu School) had preaching pervades both, besides beleapt out of his seat on top of the ing used in the bazaars of the cities, man, and they fell together into the or in itinerating among the villages of roadway, the Afghan underneath. the plain and in the scattered hamlets There they lay for a moment grap- of the hills. pling with each other. The two English officers jumped down, seized and But underlying all is one great pinioned the man, but the Hindu lay principle, that of contact. The mere motionless; they raised him and mechanical contact of master with found to their dismay a gaping pupil, of doctor with patient, leads to wound on the right side, where the nothing and bears no fruit in the assassin's knife had pierced the over- spiritual sphere, but there is the seer's liver and inflicted a mortal closer, more vital, contact of heart wound. They lifted him tenderly to heart, of one living, throbbing, into the cart, but before they could sympathizing spirit touched with the reach the post and obtain medical love of Christ, fired with the Spirit assistance life had fled and another of God, with a longing, hoping, hun- gry soul, for whom Christ yearns and for whom He died. School work, hospital ward work, itineration. dis-

EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN

rATIENTS WA fTING OUTSIDe THE oPERATING ROOM AT n ANN U pensing and preaching are all valuable schools and colleges, however sucbecause fraught with opportunities cessful our medical work! of this kind. In the school-room and the wards the barrier that parts soul The Afghans have a tradition that from soul disappears like a wall of ice one of their ancestors having sinned, in the dog days, and the heart makes God saw fit to punish him with a known its needs and aspirations. ban that should descend to all his How constantly we missionaries are generations. "From this time forth reminded that the outward mechan- there will always be discord in your isms of our work are useless, or mere family." "How, then," ask the Afencumbrances unless the Spirit of ghans, "can you expect us to forego God is thus working from heart to the blood feuds and tribal quarrels heart and thus drawing all to Him- which decimate our young men and self! How humiliating this thought weaken our nation before its eneis to our human pride when we feel mies? It is all ordained by fate." that unless our own hearts are in tune with the great God of Love, and A certain tribe on the Bannu borunless our lives are fashioned after der lost a camel last spring. They Him who took upon Himself the traced the footprints along the riverform of a servant, that He might beds, through the jungles, over the bear our shame, then we are hin- mountain sides, till they came to the drances to the progress of His King- lands of the next tribe. Here they dom, however crowded our high lost it. In such a case it becomes the duty of that tribe either to follow lip the trace into the lands of some

other tribe, or to deliver up the cdmcl der died they were willing to C0111or its value in cash. In this case pound for the wounded by a money the tribe denied all responsibilIty, and payment. If not-then blood for refused compensation. The trackers blood. left, vowing retaliation. On the way back they passed a yoman of the re- It is one of the articles in -the calcitrant tribe gathering firewood. tribal code of honor that the mission They seized her and carried her off. hospital is neutral ground, on which The news soon spread and the warriors there must be no retaliation. Still of her tribe seized their rifles, buckled l'athans are quick-tempered, and on their cartridge belts, and started when they come to words swords in pursuit. They reached a ridge are soon drawn, so we thought better overlooking a ravine on the other to put the other wounded in a reside of which were the trackers ma- mote part of the hospital, where they king off with the woman. Both sides would not see much of the first party. took cover and opened fire. One of The last two arrivals soon recovered the trackers fell dead, shot through and were discharged, but it was not the head; his brother, standing by until after months of suffering and him, took ailTl at the man who had fever that the broken shoulder shot him, and shattered his shoulder. mended and we were able to dis- Two more of the trackers were shot, charge the man with a fairly useful one through the side and one through arm. the leg. They then left the woman and carried off their dead and As each of the wounded had sevwounded. eral stalwarts to attend and nurse him, we had many opportunities of The next morning a blood-stained preaching the Gospel to the men of litter was brought into the mission those two tribes, men who would hospital by a party of travel-worn have scorned to listen to it but for tribesmen; on it was the man with a the mission hospital. Here their shattered shoulder. He had a terrible hearts were softened, and they promwound, but we hoped to save the ised to lay aside their animosities at arm, and soon the wounded man and least for a season, and before the his attendants were comfortably last man left the hospital we had the housed in one of our "family wards." oatisfaction of knowing that the two The wound was cleaned and drest tribes were once more, at least outand some medicine was administered wardly, on a friendly footing. to relieve the excessive pain,- made so much worse by a night-long journey On another occasion of tribal warover rough mountain roads. fare, one side brought their wounded down to Bannu, where they were ad- The next morning another party mitted to our wards, but the other arrived with two litters, containing side, on hearing this, were unwilling the two wounded men of the other to run the risk of being treated in tribe. Their wounds were not so such close proximity to their foes. serious as that of the first man, but They wished, however, to be under one of their number had been killed. our care, so they took their wounded If the man with the shattered shoul- to our outstation at ThaI, where they were admitted into the Lord Roberts

I9121 MEDICAL EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN FRONTIER

Hospital. On the occasions of our story, which is related ill 111y book,* visits there they would slyly ask after is repeated here because the poor the progress of the wounded foes, man has just returned to see me, and inwardly hoping that mortification or lockjaw or some such thing might DR . P 2 NNELL AND T HE AFGH AN WHO WAS BL[NDED have supervened, and asking with BY HIS ENEMIES feeling, "Have you not had to ampu- tate so-and-50's leg?" another chim- I had his photograph taken on the ing in with " It was I who shot him.'· hospital veranda. He is resigned, bllt still lamen ts that he has no SOI1 In the autumn of 1907 a fine, stal- to revenge his loss. wart W azir was brought to the Bannu Mission Hospital in a pitiable A few month s back a Wazir state; both of his eyes had been mountaineer was carried down to our slashed out and utterly blinded with hospital on a bed, with severe frac- a knife. His story was that his tures of the rig ht arm and right enemies came on him unexpectedly in thigh. Some Mahud robbers had his cottage one day, beat his wife fallen on the village flocks and driven into insensibility, tied him to a bed, some of them away. Alarm was and then deliberately destroyed his given in the village, and a party set eyes with a knife. His wife came to off in pursuit. This man was one the hospital with him, suffering from of the pursuers, and in his haste he severe contusions and some broken had left his rifle and had taken only ribs, and we put them both into one of our small "family wards"-so • "Among the Wil<l Tribes of the Afghan F ran· called becau se father, mother, and tier," Chapter V. children, if there be any, can alI stop together fo r treatment. It was pain- ful to have to tell him that he would never see again, and still more pain- ful to hear him as he piteously said, "0, sahib, if you can give me some sight only j ust long enough to go and shoot my enemy, then I shall be satisfied to be blind all the rest of my life." It could not be. His lot would probably become that of the numerous blind beggars that throng Eastern bazaars, for who would plow his land now, or speak for him in the village council? From pure pity . we kept him a few weeks that he might hear the story of the Gospel, of good will and forgiveness, but he would shake hi s head and sig h, "No, that teaching is not for us. . What I want is revenge-revenge!" This

a sword. They came up with the mind inconsistent with the attitude marauders, who promptly took cover of l'Iohammedans toward Christ and behind some rocks, and opened a fu- the Gospel. Before making his dif- sillade. He was shot in the arm, and ficulties known to us he came several the sword fell to the ground. He times to listen to the preaching in the picked it up with the left arm, and out-patient department of the hos- dashed on to the rocks, where the pital. Then he asked for a Gospel, enemy was in hiding, but before he and came for instruction. He was so could reach them another shot shat- quickly entranced by the life of tered his thigh, and he fel! helplessly Christ, and so rapidly threw off the to the ground. As soon as his fellow prejudices of Islam, that we were villagers found leisure from the pur- very soon able to admit him as a suit, they brought him in to us, hoping catechumen. He seemed to make up he would still be fit to fight another his mind almost at once that he had day. solved the difficulties so long troub- The Bannu Mission has not been ling him, and had found peace and without some remarkable converts. happiness in the transcendence of Some are working with us, some are Christ. He wrote to the people in holding government appointments, whose mosque he had been officiating, one was martyred for his faith, all telling them that he had given up have suffered to a greater or less de- Islam for Christ, and that they should gree for it. Some have gone out to arrange for another priest to read foreign lands to preach the Gospel prayers for them. He would spend which once they despised. Others, a great part of the day studying the sad to relate, have stood for a whiie, New Testament, with all the zeal and but when persecution came, have interest of one who has just dis- fallen away and apostatized. covered a new treasure. He would One recent convert, we hope, may have copies in Hindustani, Persian some day become an apostle to his and Pushtu, comparing one with an- own people. M. A. K. was a mullah, other, and using one to elucidate dif- and the Imam (priest) of a town not ficult passages in another, and when far from Bannu. Unlike a majority he came to a passage he could not of the mul1ahs, he studied the mean- understand, or a difficulty he could ing of the text of the Gwia'n, and not solve, resorting straightway to spent some thought on the signifi- me or the catechist for help. Even cance of its teaching. He found that when busy in the hospital, or with considerably more was said in that visitors, one could not help putting book in extolling Christ than in the aside one's work for a few minutes praise of any other prophet, Moham- when one saw him coming up with med included. He found the epithet beaming face and open book in hand; of "Spirit of God" given to Christ, and his genuine delight when the while Mohammed received the epi- passage had been satisfactorily ex- thet of merely "Prophet of God," and plained and his sincere and simple the other great prophets similarly faith were abundant reward.

came far below Christ in their ap- After a few month's instruction we pellations. All this seemed to his were able to accede to his earnest

MEDICAL EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN FRONTIER

desire for baptism, and he dropt the as well as three or four outstations name of Muhammad for that of in connection with each of these. Paulus, as we hoped that one day The Central Asian Mission has be- he might follow in the steps of that gun work at Mardin, in the Peshagreat apostle, and go forth to preach wur district. At each of these places to his fellow countrymen. there is a native church, composed He is now being prepared, not GUL KANINA AND HIS GRANDMOTHE& only by study, but in the school of persecution' and hardship. partly of Afghan converts and partly of Indians who have come up to The life histories of many re- these parts in either mission or govmarkable converts have been recorded ernment service. in various mIssIonary periodicals. There was Dilawer Khan, first a Peshawur being the capital of the robber chieftain, then a native of- province, is the most fully equipped. ficer in the Regiment of Guides, and It has a mission college, teaching up finally martyred in the snows of Chi- to the B.A. degree of the Punjab tral; there was Abdul Karim, a con- University, and there are four Engvert of Kandahar, who attempted to lish graduates on its staff. There preach the Gospel in Afghanistan, are mission high schools in Peshabut was imprisoned and tortured in wur, Bannu, and Dera Ismail Khan. Kandahar, and at last murdered near In these boys are prepared for the Kabul; there was Syed Badshah, a matriculation examination of the unimullah of Brannu, who, after a short versity. The largest school is at but faithful service, was murdered Bannl1, in which more than 650 boys in his bed one night at Eannu; there study. All these institutions have was Nazirullah, a convert of Quetta, enticed across the frontier by his own relations, and then done to death; these and many others have suffered for their faith and not been ashamed, and have passed to their reward and the Master's "Well done!" There are many more now witnessing for their Lord, not only in the frontier mission stations on the borders of Afghanistan, but some, too, who have gone forth to other lands as Afghan missionaries of the Cross, to Burma, to Bengal, to the Persian Gulf, to Arabia, and even to East Africa.

There are two societies at present working on the Afghan frontier, the principal being the Church Missionary Society, which has large and fully equipped missions at Peshawur, Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan and Quetta,

hostels in connection with them, for When work was first started on students who come from the more this frontier it was difficult if not distant parts of the district. They perilous for the missionary to itineare under the direct supervision of rate in the villages. Now matters European missionaries, and no greater have so far changed that a medical opportunities could be afforded for missionary at least gets a cordial welinfluencing and educating the best come wherever he goes. Almost any spirits of the rising generation than village that we enter is the home of the close contact of missionary and some of our old patients, and one student in class-room, in playground, or other of these comes running out and in hostel. to meet us, and becomes our guard and our guide, and even our host, as There are mission hospitals at long as we care to stop there. More- Peshawur, Hannt1, Dera Ismail Khan over, he will gain a hearing from and Quetta, and subsidiary dispens- the other people for our message, aries at most of the outstations. At introducing us as old friends. Our these hospitals during the year 1910 hospital in Bannu was begun in the no less than 236,167 visits were paid autumn of 1893 with a small ward by outpatients; 5,008 were treated for twelve patients. Work rapidly as in-patients in the hospital wards, increased, and patients flocked in and 10,182 operations were per- from every quarter, and we graduformed. At all the hospitals at least ally added to our accommodations as one but generally several Gospel ad- funds permitted, till, at the present dresses are given daily to the out- time, we have beds for seventy papatients, while those in the ward tients. So far, however, is this from have the benefit of regular services adequately meeting our wants, that and systematic teaching, not to speak during a good part of last winter we of the atmosphere of Christian sym- had as many as 150 patients in the pathy and service by which they are hospital at one time, and this altho surrounded. Quite a large propor- we refused cases that were not really tion of both in- and out-patients are urgent, admitting only those that remen and women who have come from quired operation, or had come from over the border, and from Afghani- great distances. Besides this, some stan itself, for medical and surgical of our old wards were cheaply built treatment. 'When these return to of mud-brick for temporary necessity, their far distant homes, they retail and urgently require rebuilding, We to their friends in town and village have prepared plans and estimates stories not only of the kind treatment for new wards to cost 12,000 ($10,- they have received, but of the teach- 000). The Church Missionary Soing they have heard. Others take ciety is totally unable to give any asback with them portions of Scrip- sistance toward these buildings, as, ture in Pushtu or Persian, and these owing to its present financial diffiare read and studied privately in culties, it is even curtailing its grants many a mosque and home. To do so to existing work. Weare, therefore, publicly would mean persecution and compelled to appeal for this sum to loss, as the reader would come under those interested in our mission. suspicion of being a possible convert.

I2 ] MEDICAL EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN

When this building is ready, our door is opened to Afghanistan itself women patients will be able to be and to other countries also. housed in an entirely separate building, and this of itself will bring us In some places, where people are many women who can not now come l·icher and more civilized than in to a hospital where complete "pur- Bannu, medical missionaries are able dah" arrangements are not carried largely to support their work through out. I t is often heartrending to be their fees. In Bannu we encourage those who are able, to pay for their A :-OOTBALL TEAM IN THE CHURCH lrUSSION lilGH SCHOOL, BANNU compelled to turn away patients medical attendance or treatment; but through want of space, and when our even so, the amount that we are able wards are completed we hope that to raise is quite inadequate. The the influence of our hospital on both people, on the whole, are poor, and sides of the border will be much the hill tribes have never been in the increased. Moreover, our base hos- habit of paying for their requirepitals are training grounds for con- ments, tho sometimes grateful paverts and other agents whom we are tients bring gifts in kind, as wheat, preparing to become missionaries to flour, eggs, fruit, and milk, which are their own people, and, as soon as the used in the hospital commissariat.

PRAYER HUNG UP IN OPERATING-ROOM OF A CHINESE MISSION HOSPITAL "All powerful Lord of Heaven! This Thy child who is before Thee is sick. VVe, Thy servants, ask Thee for skilful hands and for wisdom to relieve his pain and cure his body, in order th at some day he may understand the love and mercy of his Heavenly Father and return thanks to Thee and come to serve Thee. We ask it all in the name of Tesus Christ the Savior. Amen !"- L .M. S .

AND GOVERNMENT IN

BY B. C. BARBER General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A.. Calcutta NE may wonder that a Queen in her Proclamation of 1858, LOl man like Lord Curzon which says: "Firmly relying our- should say that the selves on the truth of Christianity, and acknowledging with gratitude . East was unlikely to the solace of religion, we discla:im alike the right and the desire to im- ~ accept Christianity be- pose our convictions on any of our cause the religions of Asia gave an intelligible theory of the revelations of God to man which subjects. We declare it to be our satisfied the Oriental, and that there royal will and pleasure that none be was something in Christianity hostile in anywise favored, none molested to the self-consciousness of the East. or disquieted by reason of their re- Weare very glad, however, that he ligious faith or observances, but that did not say this as an Indian official. all shall alike enjoy the equal and Other words of this same ruler while impartial protection of the law, and in India came perilously near violating we do strictly charge and enjoin all the principle of religious neutral- those who may be in authority under ity, but it is not often that officials us that they abstain from all intercan be so accused. On the other hand, ference with the religious belief or men in high position have recognized worship of any of our subjects, on the great value of the work of the pain of our highest displeasure."

ITIlSSlOnary. So great an authority as Thus, government officers are fora Secretary of State once wrote in bidden to use their official position his report: "Missionaries have fre- in aid of any religious propaganda, quently addrest the Indian Govern- and most missionaries approve of ment on important social questions this principle. Sir Andrew Fraser, involving the welfare of the native in his new book, "India's Rajahs and community, and have suggested valu- Ryots," refers to it thus: "I have able improvements in existing laws." never consciously favored Christian Sir Andrew Fraser says, "To me it or Hindu or Mohammedan for his has always appeared intensely un- creed, and I have never used my satisfactory to find a government of- official influence in any way to under- ficer and a missionary standing aloof mine or change the faith of any man. from one another and regarding one But I have never regarded the prin- another with suspicion and dislike." ciple of neutrality as involving in- But this attitude is the exception, and difference or opposition to religion." on the whole most cordial relations prevail. The opinion of such an eminent of- ficial as Sir John Lawrence will be But that ideal relations or condi- worth listening to: "It is not postions do not exist is clear. sible to introduce Western learning Religious Neutrality and science into India without lead- The Edinburgh commission suggests ing its people to throw off their faith.

a "searching inquiry" into this point. If this position be correct surely we Does it or do we wish to recede from are bound to give them facilities for the position taken up by the late acquiring a knowledge of the true faith." "Vie believe that the for administering justice. In· many Bible is true, that it is the only means ways they were distinctly not neutral of salvation. Surely we should lend but favored the heathen religions and our influence in making it known to discriminated against Christianity.

our subjects. In respect to One would like to say this attitude teaching the Bible in government has long since passed away, but it is schools and colleges, such teaching not beyond the memory of many of ought to be offered to all those who us here to-night when a high official may be willing to receive it. But in India on more than one occasion we ought not to render attendance urged the adherents of nonchristian on such Bible classes compulsory or religions to stick to their old religi- obligatory." ous beliefs. Of such neutrality, it Such an idea as this is not an anti- has been said that it stands up so quated one, for Sir Mackworth straight that it leans over backward.

Young, in a lenten address on for- "The reiteration and enforcement of eign missions, in Cornhill, in 1902, neutrality has been good if only to speaking of the reason why in God's do away with favoritism to nonchris- providence such power had been tian religions." For my own part 1 given to the British in the East, said: have often tried to imagine where "No true believer in Jesus Christ will India would be to-day if there had fail to give the reply-that Christ been no neutral position, and if may be made known through the Christian rulers had governed as if length and breadth of the land. India they recognized the great benefits has been subordinated to us in order which had accrued to the British that we may communicate to her the Empire or other Christian countries secret of our own preeminence." from accepting Christianity. I be- These few words are sufficiently lieve India herself would have wel- weighty to show that all were not comed a less neutral attitude than and are not of one mind with regard that which she has experienced at to neutrality, and that a fairly liberal our hands.

interpretation might with justice be The Educational Situation placed upon the law. The policy of The Government has been unable to religious neutrality was inherited do all it desired for the education of from the Old John Company of pre- the people, owing to lack of funds. vious days. This was, however, more Many missions, as well as private in theory than practise, for the gov- individuals, have been willing to co- ernment of India as late as 1840 was operate with government in this re- contributing Rs. 53,000 annually to gard, and to expend large sums of the Puri Temple, and helped by money in permanent equipment and grants in many other cases. From a recurring expenses for the privilege Christian memorial presented to Par- of making education an end in itself nament in 1857 we find that idolatry as well as a means to the end of was subsidized, some of its immodest imparting religious instruction and rites attended by government of- of building up character in the youth ficials as the nautch is even to-day, of India. The government has hitherand caste arrangements recognized to welcomed this help and has made

grants-in-aid to such institutions, en- model high schools. This, they afabling them in many cases to do a firm, is to bl;! the beginning of a very efficient work. All such institu- scheme which will be applied to every tions have been under government district of the PreSidency. Such a inspection, but have been left entirely plan will mean (I) the prevention of free with regard to religious instruc- cooperation and the discouragement tion. of private effort by drawing away pupils to these model high schools. Thirty years after the Despatch of Thus, government becomes a competi- 1854, when the Commission of 1882 tor and not a helper; (2) it will remade its report, the Government was quire a very large increase in exmore in favor of private Indian effort penditure and will benefit a comparaas opposed to missionary agency. A tively small proportion. Missionary strong reason set forth for withdraw- education is only half as expensive ing was that private effort could as that given in government instiintroduce religious instruction which tutions; (3) it will prevent the imwas strongly desired. But it seems parting of religious instruction since to me that to say "that withdrawal government must remain neutral. Sir of departmental agency should not ~rthur Lawley, Governor of Madras, take place in favor of missionary said in December last, at the openbodies" is an unjust discrimination ing of the new C. L. S. building in against the Christian religion and a Madras, "I may say that we look violation of the principle of neutral- l1pon missionaries in this country as ity. Lord Curzon's Reform Policy our stalwart and valuable allies in of 1904 reaffirms the policy of with- that great branch of administration drawal, but adds: "The Government which is exciting so much interest of India at the same time recognize just now, viz., Education." Other the extreme importance of the prin- officials have affirmed their warm ciple that in each branch of educa- feeling for missionary educatior; and tion, government should maintain a missionary work, but notwithstanding limited number of institutions, both all this we need to be watchful that as models for private enterprise to our birthright is not divided or follow and in order to uphold a high snatched away altogether. Governstandard of education." Many have ment control is growing, and, from grave fears that this is contrary in all indications, will continue to do its actual operation to the policy of so. As Indians are given greater withdrawal, and that it may prove a power in legislative concerns the great menace to missionary educa- rights and privileges of missions may tion. As a matter of fact, govern- be curtailed. As educational reforms ment seems to be changing front in are making for greater efficiency the many points which will make it dis- enlarged expenditure is being thrust tinctly harder for missionary effort. in too great a proportion upon the In the Madras Presidency, the gov- mission school. ernment declared their purpose to take over from district and municipal One word with regard to teaching boards the management of nineteen religious and ethical ideals in schools secondary schools and to make them and colleges. Neither government,

nor Hindus, nor Mohammedans are Here little can be done and the Chris- satisfied with neutrality. Students tian must suffer, and show by his are given to insubordination, to ta- calm fortitude the superiority of his king part in .politics, and, in many adopted religion, at the same time instances, to immorality, and it is by his suffering, gaining in strength felt by many that the absence of and character. religious instruction is in large part responsible for this. Government may But there is a disability graver still overcome it from the ethical side by which he must suffer, even tho he care in the selection of trained teach- dwells under a government strictly ers, a high standard of discipline, by Christian in character. British India well-managed hostels, by carefully has its own laws and legislative selected text-books, and by closer as- bodies, but in many departments of sociation of teachers and pupils in law, such as inheritance and succestheir every-day life. Private agencies sion of property, adoption, marriage are not to be interfered with in re- and divorce, the great mass of the ligious instruction, and for this rea- population, both Hindu and Mohamson they should be encouraged and medan, are governed by the laws of aided in every possible way. Up to their own. For this reason the Inthe present time only Christian insti- dian Christian finds it difficult to obtutions have introduced such instruc- tain redress. Tho government has tion to any extent, but a perusal of passed some laws relating to these the report of the Allahabad Educa- questions with the Christian's rights tional Conference, held in February in view, others from the nonchristian of this year, shows considerable con- standpoint have been recognized by cern from our coreligionists in India, the government and legislative counand this agitation ought to produce cils. Missionaries should make such a healthful atmosphere. representations as will secure to Christians all the protection, rights Diaabilities of Indian Christians and privileges of law-abiding citi- zens. A recent case in Moradabad When a man in India gives up his of the right of Christians to draw ancestral religion, he usually becomes water from a public well serves as the subject of intense and bitter per- an illustration. Before baptism they secution. It is most difficult to get had had the use of the well. Two at or prevent this persecution, for years afterward they were denied the method, which rarely exceeds the the right to use water, and when bounds of the law, is petty and un- they attempted it, force was used. derhanded, but effectual, nevertheless. The case was taken to the courts, A man in an office whose superior and after a good deal of trouble and is a Hindu is almost sure to lose expense the magistrate decided in his post; if in business he is boy- favor of the Christians. Missionaries cotted; if in a hospital he sometimes should familiarize themselves with suffers indignities; his servants desert the law, and protect those whom they him; he is looked upon with scorn, receive into the Church in rights shunned and slighted for having which are without question theirs; broken faith with his old religion. if privileges are curtailed they should

take steps to secure larger freedom. under extraordinary circumstances, It is well to allow the Church to gain such as the possibility of bloodshed, strength by suffering, but it is better .Missionaries ought at least to have to provide just, equal and righteous the same rights as merchants and laws under which to live. traders, and they do not ask for A Mission's Consul special favors. The time has certainly come when A mission's consul would be very useful to represent grievances or any a careful investigation should be other matters to government on the made into all cases where impartial part of missionaries and mission treatment has been denied, and a boards. strong representation made upon the subject in the form of a memorial Feudatory States asking for a declaration' of policy.

There are six hundred feudatory This is all the more needed now states in India, which range from when such great changes are coming ancient kingdoms down to petty es- over the character of the Indian Gov- tates. In some cases the rulers are ernment, both in regard to territory kindly disposed to missionaries and under the direct control Elf the British their work, and the fullest toleration Government and also in the native is permitted. In others, they are States. The case of Nepal and Bhu- persecnted and harassed, converts tan is different. They are not vassal suffer, and it is difficult or impos- states tho they may be influenced by sible to secure rights of purcllasing the British Government. Here where property and building necessary entrance is forbidden, miss:onaries structures to carryon their work. should be careful since they are likely This attitude is probably due to fear to disturb the peace of people on that their authority may be under- both sides of the line. But the Gov- mined, but they soon learn that mis- ernment should not unduly prohibit sionaries are not there for political the entrance of such civilizing forces, purposes and that they teach observ- and missionaries should be on the ance of rule and order. These states lookout to make friends with, and tu are indirectly under the British Gov- help, these people when opportunity ernment, but the authorities will not arises.

interfere except when gross injustice .Many other questions might be demands it. Missionaries, too, are touched upon, but the time is gone.

loath to call upon an o'ltsi<le power Missionaries in India have very much for redress or help, for this irritates to be thankful for, and we may con- the ruling prince and interferes with gratulate ourselves that the relations the dignity of his position. So mis- between misisons and government, sionaries would rather patiently wait and between missionaries and indivi- until their work takes hold of such dual government officials, are as cor- officials and secures for them quietly dial as they are. I f more can be the rights they seek. Sometimes the done as between the two for a higher British Government has forbidden efficiency in mission work and a missionaries to enter native states, speedier bringing of Christ to the which action can only be justified people of India, it is our duty to do it.

EASY METHOD FOR INDIAN

BY J. KNOWLES m·1 N the Indian Empire the world, and for international in- there are 200 languages. tercourse. There are 50 alphabets -or, rather, syllaba- Out of all the methods of past ries. To print these times for handing down the knowl- in the native scripts edge of the past, the art of printing takes 20,000 different types. The books has survived. Mexican cords, types are most elaborate and compli- clay tablets, Egyptian papyrus, Indian cated. Could Babel be worse? Could palm leaves, have all yielded to manuthe adversary be supposed to raise a factured paper. Now is the Church's greater hindrance to missionary work? opportunity. In a booklet entitled Learning to read is a task of years, "Our Duty to India and Indian Illearning to write is the labor of a literates," a complete scheme for malifetime, printing becomes almost an king, reading, writing, and printing impossibility.. What does it all mean easier in India than anywhere in the from a missionary point of view? world is set forth in detail. Briefly, the scheme is as follows: There are only about fifty-three sounds in all the Indian languages As the ordinary Roman letters are put together, which require separate not sufficient to express all the reletters to distinguish them. In the quired Indian sounds, the phonotypic main the majority of the sounds are letters of Isaac Pitman and A. ]. common to all the languages of India, Ellis are added to them, with some and also, as might be supposed, from romanic letters for special Indian the fact that Sanskrit, Greek and soumIs. The result is a romanic code Latin are akin, common to Europe of fifty-three letters, which suffice to and America, Asia and Africa. In furnish an accurate transliteration, or short, the main sounds are common a practical phonetization, of all the to all languages. Then out of all languages, and all the dialects of the the different methods of expressing Indian Empire. An average of only sounds in writing the Roman letters 37 letters is required for anyone have proved themselves the most ef- vernacular. Of these, half the roficient. To-day the Roman letters are manic letters are so similar to the known all over the world. These two other romanic letters with similar facts give us a majority of common sounds that the task of learning to sounds and world-wide simple letters. read becomes a lightsome labor of Through the Babel of languages phi- mastering about twenty simple forms. lology and phonology have been pro- No capitals being used, and the Invided with a sphere of work for the dian languages being spelled phonetiworld. So far has the study pro- cally, the result is the minimum of grest that to-day thousands of Chris- time to pupil and teacher. Ten tians are being captivated by the idea simple half-hour lessons introduce of a world-wide language of the the illiterate to the reading of the simplest character, suitable for the Gospel. The letters are taken three embodiment of all the learning of all or four at a time, and with the first four letters the illiterate is shown

how letters combine into syllables and ficuIt to move? Why not make make words, and in five minutes he learning to read easier? Here we begins reading very familiar words. are at the twentieth century, and In seven lessons he is introduced to every mission using Roman letters parables, and ten lessons complete as they should be used phonetically the course. After that the reading has not the least difficulty in teachof the Gospel begins. ing the Christians to read. We have India, with 2,660,000 Indian Chris- Anyone who can speak an Indian tians, of whom 2,300,000 can not language and knows the ordinary read a verse of the Bible in their own Roman letters is able to read that mother tongues. Do our leading' Indian language in romanic letters wealthy Christians know, or are they after five minutes' study. As there indifferent? are over 1,125,000 in India "literate in English," there are plenty to teach Why does not the Christian Church the illiterate his letters. Further, demand that at least the option of anyone who has learned to read the Bible be given in such letters? English in phonetic print, following vVhen I was in India one of the Pitman's phonetic alphabet, with Latin questions discust was whether before pronunciation of the vowels, will, baptism a convert should be required after one lesson, be able to read any to be able to read. It could not be Indian vernacular so that tho he may insisted upon. But if the Bible were not know a word of the vernacular, printed in twenty simple letters it a hearer who does will understand would be a fair test of a convert's what is being read. desire to be a Christian.

As the same romanic letters with The Bible is being printed in Esthe same sounds will be used for all peranto. Why does not some one the languages, a native wiII not only offer a prize for the simplest method be able to teach an illiterate in his of teaching an illiterate to read his own vernacular. but he will be able to own mother tongue? Magazines go teach reading in the other vernacu- into ecstasies at the discovery of an lars he may not be able to speak.* old Greek inscription of 1600 B.C. in a syllabary made out of picture- The Baptist Missionary Society of writing. Is there one which will tell England have taken the types and llS the best method of teaching 278,- are going to begin in Oriya.The 000,000 illiterates to read in 200 lan- Scripture Gift Mission are also to guages? Let us have the very best issue Scripture texts. Why are the method which can be obtained for missionary and Bible societies so dif- using Roman letters for India and for China, and let us give these mil- * The whole scheme can be printed on a post- lions of illiterate Christians, and many more millions of illiterate noncard, and is printed, and :IvIr. J. Knowles will be christians, the Scriptures which we so greatly value. glad to send one on receipt of stamped address. For complete details please read "Our Duty to India and Indian Illiterates," from Christian Literature Society for India, 35 John Street, Bedford Row. London. W. C. (Postage fee, 7d.)

G. APPENZELLER, OF

BY REV. WILLIAM ELLIOT GRIFFIS, D.D., LL.D., ITHACA, N. Y. Author of HKorea J " HThc Her-mit Nation," etc.

HE figure of the soldier sowing, the toil, peril, pain, and tear- ful prayers of the pioneers of 1885. mT dominates all literature. The knight, of outward Henry Gerhard Appenzeller's spiri- panoply and inward tual cradle was in the (German) vows-the flower of Reformed Church of the United medieval Christendom States. Of Pennsylvania "Dutch"

,-still sways the imagination. VVar may be improved off the face of the earth, as we all pray, but the warrior spirit will remain. The lure of danger will ever attract the brave. The march- ing orders of the Almighty Father- "replenish and subdue"-still urges man on to vaster issues. Short but imperative is the command of the great Captain-"Go."

Nobler than sword or lance are the weapons of love. More entrancing to the lover of his kind is the figure of the knightly soldier who dares a~l for Christ. To face difficulties, in order to save his fellow men, seems more to make the measure of a man than winning the laurels on bloody fields of battle. When to the elan of the charge is added the patient HENRY GERHART APPENZEL LER toil of the builder, and the trowel is handled as skilfully as the sword, we ,.tock, which includes the Swiss and have indeed the ideal missionary. other strains from the great Teutonic Such seems the life of Henry Ger- Fatherland, he was descended frOIll hard Appenzeller, when seen in the the men of that Appenzell, in north- perspective of that quarter of a cen- eastern Switzerland and of Alpine tury which has made Korea, once in height, who by the labors of the hermit obscurity, the most hopeful of early medieval Irish missionaries of all of our mission fields. To-day, St. Gall were led out of heathenism when the prayers of a quarter of a into Christian light. Of good omen million of native Christians have is the name Appenzell, meaning the made a new Land of Morning Splen- "abbot's cell." Yet by God's ap- dor, we join gladly in the shout of pointment, the American Appenzell- "Grace, grace unto it." It would be er's religion was to be of another hard, indeed, to understand the Ko- type. He was to go out of the cell, rean harvest of souls to-day, without home, and seminary, into the world's the plow and harrow work, the seed- broad harvest-field, even into a coun-

try then nearly unknown, "which he he enlisted. Would that all young was afterward to receive as· an in- mIssIonaries were equally modest, heritance. But he obeyed, winsome and wise!

not knowing whither he went." To Behold how, in the sparrow-watch- him the problems of the Gospel were ing of a Providence that creates a not geographical, but human. "We universe, a pebble of circumstance have the same Gospel to preach, turns the course of a human life!

wherever God calls," he wrote in Young Appenzeller had at first no 1887 from Korea. special inward motive or outward He was born at Soudertown, lure to the foreign field. His idea Montgomery County, Pa., February was to labor at home. His room- 5, 1858, and was converted in 1877, mate at Drew, now the Rev. Julian under the evangelistic labors of Wadsworth, of Providence, R. 1., Mr. Fulton, at Westchester. He had, however, read a certain book, entered at twenty Franklin and Mar- "Korea, the Hermit Nation." Be- shall College, in Lancaster, from coming interested in the long forbid- which he was graduated in 1882. ding and forbidden land, he offered During his college course he became himself for work there, when the a Methodist, and under God his char- century-barred gates, by the Shufeldt . acter received spiritual reenforcement, treaty of 1882, had been set slightly and new conduits and channels for a ajar. Reading and talking about the joyous spirit were opened and ever strange peninsula had a curious ef- required outward expression of 111- fect upon his fellow students. In the ward joy. case of some, it made chairs sag be- Appenzeller heard the call to the cause of long hours and the keen ministry of grace, and believing that interest of chummy chat. Upon the best way to learn how to preach others the very name Korea seemed was to preach, he served in a small to furnish an escalator toward the mission in Lancaster. When the door and floors above.

leaves were falling in 1882, he entered Appenzeller attended the student Drew Seminary. At Bolton and convention of the Inter-Seminary Al- Green Village, N. L he gave his liance, at Hartford, Conn. There Saturdays to pastoral work, and his the missionary fire entered his bones.

Sundays to preaching. His Aquila For overpowering domestic reasons, and Priscilla were found in a dear Wadsworth could not go abroad. Ap- old couple, of whom the latter was penzeller sprang in the breach and an elderly woman of God, whose seized the opportunity, proudly call- hints to a young pastor and pulpiteer ing himself a "substitute." With his were worth more than minted eagles. bride, Ella J. Dodge, he was soon Appenzeller, young or mature, was in San Francisco, and on the eve a Puritan in ethical and spiritual life, of sailing was ordained by Bishop while ever a winsome bon homme to Fowler-even while, unknown to young and old. No wonder that in either, that bloody riot of December, Korea he won, not only the "heathen" 1884, had taken place in Seoul. This -but more wonderful, the mercantile unchaining of popular passions left Christians whose aid and sympathy the legation of Japan in ashes, and

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

the corpses of her murdered people Already, but newly, the medical doc~ unburied and eaten by dogs in the tors, H. N. Allen and M. B. Scranstreets, strewed the palace grounds ton, were on the ground. American with the dead of victims in the battle medica;! skill and surgery, so strikingly between the Nippon Islanders and demonstrated in sword and bullet the 01inese, led by China's man of wounds, had imprest the King. A destiny, Yuan Shi Kai. Arriving in royal hospital was established for Japan, and thence sailing farther Dr. Allen, while Dr. Scranton had west, it was their lot to arrive at already begun medical work in his 01emulpo, a seaport of the capital, ow n house. Rev. H. G. Underwood on Easter Sunday, I885. had arrived in April. Korean appli- A GROU P OF KOREANS. THE LITERARY SC H OLAR WEARS GLASS ES Nor yet was the height to be cants to study medicine were told gained, whence pinions might be un- they must know English. They apfolded for a swoop upon heathenism. plied to Mr. Appenzeller, and he be- Amid the political commotion, armed gan teaching. He opened a school camps, and impending hostilities of which in r886 had so imprest the rival forces, native and alien, it King that he honored it with a name seemed best to return to Japan for meaning Hall for the Training of a season. Useful Men, which has enjoyed a long career of blessing and benefit. Have we seen a bird breasting a Thus was Appenzeller the pioneer storm, giving way here, lowering of education in the Land of Morning flight there, rising and falling, yet Calm. From the first he took broad finally, despite opposing winds, vIews of mental discipline and culreaching the nest? So it was in I885. ture. Knowing well how science At last rest was found in the capital.

A KOREAN HOUSE CONVERTED INTO A MISSWNARY"S HOME helps to put the devils on the run, with an invisible weight of chains. he was eager to convert the terror- The bondage of official oppression breeding, imaginary population of the and a systematic cruelty that caricaair into harmless fairies. "Appie" tured government, obsessed the men. cared little for mere erudition un- Terrors in the air, overpopulated with hallowed by the spirit of Christ, or imaginary and malignant personalities for empty logomachy. "Foster," said and bestialities, mentally paralyzed his work-fellow, the novelist, "did the women. Horrible and disgustnot care a rap for theological hair- ing customs, caked and crusted upon splitting. What he wanted was the millions, were revealed to the bold old Gospel, in which he believed were explorer. The nastiness of old Kohidden all the treasures of wisdom rean materia medica seems incredible. and knowledge." We have called this "triumphant Quickly the full vistas of the great Pennsylvanian" an explorer. This uninvaded realms of disease, want, he was. He spied out the land Oll superstition, degradation, sin, vice horseback, through thousands of miles and misery unrolled before the new- of country. To the eye of observacomer, yet not to daunt, but to lure tion he added the insight of reflecto action. "Be of g08d cheer. I tion. He searched into the annals of have overcome of the world," were a land which, lying between two the words that rang in his ears and rival and often hostile countries, had fired his heart. Worlds upon worlds been devastated again and again by of contagion, infection, vileness and Chinese hordes and Japanese dr:nies. fear were crushing millions of souls In times past, Korea has been 51)

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

THE MAIN STREET IN SEOUL.. THE CAPITAL OF KOREA (CHOSEN) scraped and scooped of its works of have long ago hidden the ruins of art and invention as to seem to the cloisters, fanes, towns and cities. In traveler of to-day to contradict, by 1392, after one of the political revoits nakedness, the abundant witness lutions which placed in power the of written history as to the splendor recent dynasty-now happily wiped of its former garments of prosperity out forever-the popular religion was during its age of art and adornment, banned and curst. Then Confucianin the thousand glorious years of ism-the monopolistic cult of office- Buddhism. holders-tightened its anaconda grip, even to the throttling of popular "Glorious?" Yes. In epitome, the rights. The masses were left withhistory of the "Little Outpost State," out shepherds or teachers, to sink as the natives called their country to the nadir of fetishism and demon when a tributary vassal to China worship, with all their degradations. and prostrate under the shadow of the Middle Kingdom, is this. Out An army of nobles and office-holdof primitive savagery, three warring ers, who hated work as they feared kingdoms arose about the Christian tigers, lived on the public crib. Like era. Into the peninsula Buddhism vampires, they sucked the blood of came as a civilizing power. It up- the common people, making it imlifted the people above beast worship possible for the toilers to save money and covered the landscape with mon- or accumulate wealth. Added to civic asteries, temples and colossal stone oppression was the further incubus images (miryek). These still rise of one hundred thousand sorcerers, above the tall trees of forests that fortune-tellers, and geomancers of

both sexes. Like a glacier, they open ground under trees and on the ground and crusht humanity. No grassy inner slope of the city wa!lshouse could be built, or seed sown, came in A.D. r885 the knights of or grave-site chosen without a heavy Jesus. Into the streets of Seoul, the mulct upon the people. Na sick or capital which were cesspools, full of dying person but must be tortured humps and holes and open sewers, or tormented by the noisy and costly or heaped up with slops and refuse, exorCIsms. As for the number of Christ-filled men and women came house fetishes, spirit posts and devil with cleansing for body and soul. sluines, village idols of carved logs, Open house and a Christian home AN EARLY AMERICAN MISSION SCHOOL, SEOUL they were uncounted. If once loaded made a magnetic center of light and on freight trains, they could not be joy. In a chairless and bedsteadless hauled, even by an "Atlantic" type land, with logs of wood for pillows, of locomotive. Korea needed a spiri- or occasionally a stone, a Christian tual dynamite. home was an oasis. What if the welcomed women visitors, in their Into such a world- the men domi- delight at being raised up so high, nated by feng-shuey and by ancestor- perched on the backs instead of ocworship, which, with all its merits, is cupying the seats of the chairs? What yet the fruitful patent of debaucheries if pet dogs disappeared in the native and immoralities as yet uncounted by soup kettles? Some Americans, in any census; the women imprisoned their zeal, determined "to live like as in a demon-haunted dungeon of the natives." Yet even green misfear; the slaves, mostly female, sionaries soon learn veteran's wistreated when ill little better than pa- dom. These lovers of native fare riah dogs; the sick of contagious changed their rations when they saw, disease, exposed by thousands in the

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

cation of native work, in new ideas and in habits of promptness and new theories of light and ventilation. How the average Korean lives in such scantiness of sleeping area, on so slight a ration of oxygen, and amid such microscopic armies, ever on the jump, the crawl, or the fiy, with chronic eagerness to feast on alien blood, so that the exclusive use of one's own cuticle is an impossibility, passes the power of an American, used to linen sheets, to conceive. One felt a sympathy for sardines, to see the natives packed in the steam and foul air of little cubicles in the inns.

Nevertheless, as "the white lotus springs out of the black mire," so eho-sen is the land of glistening starch and of gentle manners. Daily, ont of hovels, gentlemen in 5now- GOIN G HOME FROM CHURCH The Basket Hat of Young ,Vornen in Korea- a Preventive Against Flirting stretched on the thatch to dry, the A KOREAN ATONEMENT OFFERING bides of the faithful Fidos, which. transmuted into soup, had "entered This image of straw is stuffed with a few coins the ministry." and cast out on New Year's Eve as an offering to evil spirits. What if codes, of ethics, of manners, and of diet, oceanically apart in· their evolution, clashed? "Appie" was imperturbable in his sunny, allconquering good nature. The love of Christ in him overcame his disgusts. It did rouse his ire to see women so abused and despised, even by the lofty native Pharisees. For lack of bridges, female travelers were often compelled to cross rivers in a way to make men point and guffaw.

Soon, as superintendent of the Methodist Episcopal Mission, he had a brick building for the school. By no means contemptible was the edu-

white garments emerge. However, assurance of faith, kept the elements as for the alleged relation of the tint in him well mixed; yet very rich in of average clothes of the common him was God's gift of a sense of folks to that of snowflakes, the state- humor. The lazy missionary, of either ment must be made mainly in the sex, "too fond of rocking-chairs"- aorist tense or historical present. there were such-the female crank They were white once. of uncertain age, too free in her public use of safety-pins to reform On itinerant journeys, or at home A SELF-SUPPORTING COUNTRY CHURCH FORTY MILES FROM PY ENG YANG in the daily routine of the study, woman 's costume and to humble those school, parish or pulpit, in mastering who were proud of their freely exthe lang uage, in visiting the sick, posed badges of motherhood, the comforting prisoners, helping the dy- flaming fanatic who was abusive of ing, inspiring the living, or preaching mission boards and all organizations the Word, Appenzeller was ever a -there were such-the proud heafilled motor. He was a son of con- then, the vile glutton, the sensual solation. Early in his laborious ca- brutes, the wife-beater and mutilator, reer we read in his letters abundant the conceived idolater, were all foiled signs of promise and continual words by "Appie's" wit, energy, example, of cheer. and imperturbable good humor.

Incessant industry, system, prayer, Nevertheless, it was not wholly and a good wife, a happy home, sym- safe to trifle with the Pennsylvanian, pathetic brethren, and, not least, the whose "Dutch" rose to the occasion.

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

WHO WILL ASIC ARE KOREANS WORTH SAVING? Episcopal Mission he showed him- self a first-rate business man, giving When lazy or impudent coolies passed Korea invaluable lessons. the limit of patience, or brutal bullies thought to overawe, or even alleged On Easter Sunday, 1887, as he royal messengers or presuming diplo- wrote, "I baptized a young Japanese, mats attempted to ride roughshod the first [Protestant] baptism in Koover th e rights of an American citi- rea. It was a joyous event. We zen, it was found, when it seemed hope to report soon the baptism of best to maintain these rights, that Koreans. "lvVe are carefully sowing Appenzeller could "do more than and the harvest will corne." In midpreach." summer, July 24th, the same year, he baptized his first Korean convert, In times of plague, pestilence and and on October 2d, another. Then battle, shut up in the insalubrious the Lord's Supper was enjoyed. Be- Seoul of old day s, or abroad, or on sides thus founding the first church horseback, as evangelist, preacher, (of the Methodist order), he began starter of printing-plant or book- the rearing of an edifice to hOL1se the store, or as Bible translator, Appen- growing congregation-the first Protzeller was a man of prayer and hope. estant foreign church building in Ko- Richly emotional, he was level-headed rea, which was, and is, an ornament and a man of supreme self-control. In to the city of Seoul. "The Vanguard"-a splendidly successful story of mi ssiona ry life, our To this "beginner of a better time," subject is depicted under the name possibly more than to any other one of "Foster." Other literary penmen man, belongs the credit of starting have depicted him in their sketches. The very poverty of Korea made CH lLD:REN ARJ:: CHILDREN 1'N XOREA ALSO him strenuous, from the fir st, in t raining the natives in self-support. As superintendent of the Methodist

most of the organizations for the Korean Asiatic Society was founded benefit of the foreign residents in the and Appenzeller acted as librarian. capital. None understood better than It was like breaching the walJs of a he the laws of the human mission- fortress with artillery to get a cemeary's economy and the conservation tery in which to lay the first and of his force. To continue in the quickly multiplying foreign victims of highest state of efficiency, the stran- local typhus, but finally a place for ger in a strange land, civilization and the dead was secured-"Our Macclimate, must have recreation in the phelah by the river," he called it. Ap- A KOREAN IRON FOUNDRY. LABOR MADE HONORA BLE BY MISSIONARY EFFORT ways of home to prevent nostalgia. penzelJer led in this strenuous effort Appenzeller led in establishlllg the and served for years as treasurer of Union Church, acted as its pastor, the corporation. The last lingering and opened his school for its services. terrors of the natives fled when the rifles of the Russian marines, that To secure physical stamina, con- fired a salute over the corpse of a stant efficiency, and mental stimulus, comrade, "shot away the demons." he and others formed the Seoul Union, where reading, conversation, He acted as custodian of the tennis, and outdoor games could be Methodist Episcopal Sunday-school enjoyed. He was a leading spirit in Union and Tract Society, himself organizing picnics amid the grand writing, translating and publishing forests and inspiring scenery of the many of these brief Gospel messages mountains. To investigate the his- to the people-serving for years as tory, customs and life of the Korean president. He started and for four people, in order best to understand, years edited the weekly (Methodist approach, teach and win them, the Episcopal) Korean Christian Advo-

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

cate. The Methodist Publishing How that light-giving Word starts House, destined to wide usefulness, the devils on the run, makes homes was founded in r888. It became an that were once habitations of cruelty industrial school for boys, while Ko- and fear the abodes of peace and joy, rea's great need-the honorableness creates a highway of holiness and of work-was taught by precept and furnishes an infallible tonic for the example. A bindery and book de- hearts and intellects for millions! Ficpository were soon added. If any- tion in statement, substance in fact A – CHRISTIAN FAMILY IN KOREA Four Generations-Mr. Hong ]fosksa, His -:v1other, '''life, Sons, Daughters-in-Law and Grandchildren thing, next to the Gospel, is needed is this snap-shot sentence from "The among the upper class natives to re- Vanguard": "Foster's hair grew construct Korea, it is the idea that gray, however, for however much the even manual work is noble. ringing laugh sounded out from the translating room, no one gave more Greatest of the monuments of Ap- heart and soul to this all important penzeller's labor is his work in trans- work." lating the New Testament. Vivid is the picture in ."The Vanguard," of For seventeen years God permitted the scholarly personalities, native and His joyous servant to excel not only alien, the texts consulted and the la- in the impartation of light and inbors of the makers of the Korean spiration to his fellows, but also in Version of the Word of God, now the gifts of manipulation and adstudied by over 200,000 eager Chris- justment. Appenzeller was "thoroughtians. ly furnished unto every good word

and work." In his iJume the first tence-"He saved others." In the white American child born in Korea little Japanese steamer, Kumagawa blest his life. "A little child shall M aru, he embarked to fulfil the calI lead them." None can tell how much of duty. At sea, on the foggy night good the Heavenly Father permitted of June II, about 85 miles from that baby unconsciously to do. Two Chemulpo and 10 miles from the other daughters and a son who, from shore, in a collision between two Princeton and Drew, following his steamers of the same line, it would father in this curriculum as in his have been easily possible to have chosen work-will, God willing, serve saved his own life. But, thinking his Master in the Korean field. also of others, he went first to arouse THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL MISSION COMPOUND AT KONG JU To orthodoxy of faith, Appenzeller his Korean teacher and a little native joined the orthopraxis of life. In girl under his care. The ship sunk the rush of activities, in the shock suddenly. His body found "a vast of battle with superstition and vice, and wandering grave." Yet, "to live his faith in God was ever serene and in hearts we leave behind is not to at times gently hilarious. He lived die." Korea keeps his name. The to see hospitals, trained nurses, words of T. De'Vitt Talmage's fachurches, crowds of inquirers, and vorite hymn pictures the saints' glothousands at the Lord's Table, with rioLls hereafter! promise of tens of thousands to come. "From the roaring surge they come. When at last the summons from Sinking in the ocean brine. his Captain came, the story of his manner and way of meeting Him face Jesus caught them from the flood. to face may be epitomized in a sen- Lo! How bright their garments shine Blanched in the Redeemer's blood."

TALBOT

A MISSIONARY WITH AN INTERNATIONAL MISSION BY DELAVAN LEONARD PIERSON ~I T was an impressive known save by Him whose Spirit has scene ~hen, fift~ years been bruised in the same contest, after careful consideration, and after . ago, 111 the CIty of seeking the Spirit of God as wisely as I could, I felt it was impossible Philadelphia, a young man came before the Methodist Episcopal for me to refuse. The only point Conference in the Union Church and at which I found any obstacle was in announced his readiness to go as a my aged and almost infirm parents.

missionary to India. In those days I asked' my father, and with that this was an unusual event. India stern, old, puritanical spirit, he said, seemed far removed from civiliza- 'My boy, go and do your duty, even tion' and work in that fever-laden tho you die in it.' Then my mother, climate, among men bitterly hostile with all a mother's tenderness, said, to Christ and his messengers, was a 'Oh, my boy, I had rather die with- heroic and difficult task. To-day, in out a crust than that you should neg- the twentieth century, when hundreds lect your duty.' Then I told Bishop are going on business and pleasure in Janes that I would go."

a comparatively short and comfort- Nearly fifty years later a white- able way, it is a very different mat- haired man of eighty, feeble in body ter. Bishop Janes, the presiding of- but still young in heart and active in ficer of the Conference, introduced mind, entered the church where an- the young Christian volunteer as John other Methodist Conference was in T. Gracey. In response the young session. It was at Rochester, New man, then thirty years of age, said York, in October, 1908, and Dr.

in a voice full of emotion: V{illiam V. Kelley was speaking.

"I am not certain, Bishop Janes, Suddenly, with a simultaneous im- that I can so get the mastery of my pulse, the whole Conference rose to feelings as to speak to the Confer- their feet to honor the aged servant ence. Ten years of sober deliberation of God who came down the aisle and judgment forced me to the con- leaning on the arm of his son. He clusion that I ought not, and that who was thus honored was the same I could not, without neglecting a who in his youth enlisted for India.

duty, refuse the call of the Church to Between these two impressive scenes serve them anywhere, even tho it many events had transpired to be the farthest spot on this earth. strengthen and deepen and broaden Without my seeking, and I believe the life of the man. His influence without any intimation, of anything had reached out into all the earth, in that direction at this time, Bishop and many were ready to rise up and Simpson called upon me a few days call him blessed. Few years were since and asked that I would consent granted him in India, but his call to go to India. After a struggle of back to the homeland was a sum- forty-eight hours, such as is not mons to still wider fields of service. AT THE AGE OF SEVENTY Preparation replete with living forms, busy and John Talbot Gracey came of old beautiful, but to none of them ex- Colonial Quaker ancestry, some of cept man is given the dignity of part- whom were associated with William nership with the Eternal in His stu- Penn in early Colonial days. His pendous schemes. Come what wiIl, mother's forefathers also included the question of my obligation to go early pioneers, who came to America in 1744 in search for liberty of con- science. They had bravely fought for national independence in the Colonial and Revolutionary wars. John was born in Philadelphia, September 16, ]83 I, and after a regular academic education became a student in medi- cine. He feIt, however, that there were more men able and willing to minister to the body than to the soul, and came to see that the spiritual ministries are eternal while the phys- ical are at best but temporal. He, therefore, left the study of physiology and anatomy for the study of the- ology and true psychology. His min- istry began in the Virginia Confer- ence of the Methodist Church (South) in 1850. Later he moved to the North and joined the Pennsylvania Conference, in which he labored for ANNiE RYDER GRACEY ten years.

In I8S7 he married Miss Annie at the command of the Church can Ryder, of Delaware, the daughter of never be questioned. I pray that I Rev. Wm. Ryder. She had become a may be able to make of my life one Christian in early life, and after com- perpetual missionary speech in India."

pleting her college education with Life and Work in India high honors, and teaching for four years in the college where she was With his young and noble wife the graduated, she cast her lot with that virile missionary set sail in June, of the young Methodist minister. 1861, on a sailing vessel with only Then came the call to India, to which fifteen sailors, laden with ice, and they so nobly responded. bound for Calcutta. From the In- In his farewell ·address in the dian Ocean, three months later, he Green Street Church, which assumed wrote : "We have had considerable his support, Mr. Gracey said: experience and considerable monotony "Heaven has come nearer already. in our voyage, which has been over In going to India we will be co- three months. It is a long time to workers with God. The world is be deprived of the privilege of hear-

ing fr0111 friends. In look- yond description. Our health is un- exceptionable, our spirits fine, and ing back I am surprized that we altogether we are as happy as the day is long. We have never for one should spend nearly four months in moment regretted our step; indeed, we are more and more convinced the trackless waste without accident, each day that it was the right course for us to pursue." altho we have passed through many They first settled in 5itapur, being terrible storms. Plato was once at the first white people to pass through the territory after the terrible Indian sea, and on returning, was asked by mutiny a few years previous.

some one to tell them the greatest Five months from the day he set foot in Calcutta, Mr. Gracey preached wonder of the deep he had seen; his a sermon in Hindustani in the Ba- zaar. Most of the missionaries do reply was, 'The greatest wonder is, not attempt to do this until after having been in the country for over that from the sea to the shore I ar- a year.

rived safely.' Rev. William VV. Hicks, one of his early colaborers and companion on "Our route took us very near the many a jungle tour and bazaar preaching experience, writes: coast of Brazil. After leaving the "When Dr. Gracey arrived in India southeast trade-winds we made he found the harvest was great and ripe, but the laborers were few. There straight for the Cape of Good Hope. was William Butler, our leader, the brave, impulsive, enthusiastic-an em- During one storm the captain deemed bodied hope. There was James M. Thoburn, who had just arrived, small it expedient to 'heave the ship to,' in stature but big in every other way, full of the foretaste of triumph. or, in the language of 5t. Paul, 'when There was Humphrey and his deli- cate helpmeet-the sweet poet of our we could not bear up into the wind, little band. There was Parker, the fearless torch-bearer into the dismal we let her drive.' All sail was habitations of ignorance and cruelty. There was Waugh, the plodding stutaken in, the wheel lasht, as the men dent, modest, grave and ever under- valuing himself and his labors. could not guide it any longer. We Last of all, there was the beloved John T. Gracey, with whom I travdrifted about wherever winds and eled, prayed, studied, wept, hoped, suffered and wrought. waves carried us. Everything was In making the Gospel Message done that man could do, and we were known in school and bazaar, Gracey at the mercy of Providence for more than two days. Vve have read his- tory, biography, poetry, etc. We have had times of joy and times of home- sickness and weeping; this we can't help, for our hearts will long for those who are thousands of miles away."

Later, in December, 1861, he writes from India: "It seemed like begin- ning a new existence when we left the old ship and stept upon the shore in Calcutta. What a new creation burst upon us! As we traveled up country we went 600 miles in only eight days by horse dak, day and night. We stopt during the heat of the day and changed horses every four miles. The country through which we traveled was beautiful be-

was very active and very successful. food to the hungry, or medicine to Ve used to go out early in the morn- the sick. We found that in the hour ing to a near-by village, and under of death kind, Christly words were as friendly trees or in a small bazaar welcome to Hindu as to Christian large crowds would gather, sit on ears. the soft, warm earth, and listen to the story we loved to tell. Often we "Hardships there were, which do would be interrupted by the inquiry not now beset the missionary's way. of an aged man or a little boy. Once, 11any stones have been removed when we visited one of these villages, which we could not even budge in Gracey told the story of the Prodigal those days, altho we lacked not faith Son, and awakened great interest for or courage. We were but humble some of the listeners knew the Hindu pioneers, and we wrought with what story of a prodigal son who was wisdom and strength we had, looking found in rags and inherited his forward and upward to the glory that father's great wealth. We could see was to come." the faces brighten as the speaker told of the loving yearning of the Heav- Mr. and Mrs. Gracey subsequently enly Father for his prodigal sons and settled in Bareilly, and then in N aini daughters. Tal. In May, 1867, he made a jour- ney on foot with two or three of the "'Why does not our Father Him- other missionaries into the interior .self come?' asked a grandfather who of the mountains. They took their stood near by with his two grandsons own tent, horses, servants and food. by his side. At night, after marching about fif- teen miles a day, they camped out, "Then came the opportunity to tell sleeping on the ground. them that He had indeed come in the person of His well-beloved Son, and Mr. Gracey was the first secretary had told the Father's love for us and of the Methodist Indian Conference, had showed it by His life and death. and in 1867 became the president.

"'Tell us another story, sahib,' Of these events James M. Thopiped the old grandfather, and in re- burn, then one of his colleagues in sponse we told them of the woman's India, now the honored bishop, lost piece of silver, and gave the writes: meaning. "At the first Conference Mr. Gra- "After the meeting was over the cey was elected secretary, and marked old man brought his two grandsons out the line of procedure which has that we might pray over them and been followed ever since. He was place our hands on their heads in afterward the first missionary elected blessing. Tears flowed while we did president in the absence of a bishop, so. and proved himself well qualified for the post. Later, in 1868, he was "In many places we found lepers, elected to the Methodist Conference or consumptives, or other men and in America, so that he had the diswomen and children starving by the tinction of being the first delegate roadside. To these Gracey was al- sent from India to the General Conways a good Samaritan, dropping a ference of the Church. At that ascoin into the leper's bowl, giving sembly he acquitted himself with

honor, and secured for India the per- ester, Syracuse and Buffalo he served manent right of representation. several churches, and was for one term "But he was not strong enough presiding elder.

physically for work in India, and In 1876-77 Dr. Gracey visited the as Mrs. Gracey was in poor health, missions in yVest Africa, coasting they were advised to take up work in along the shores for some 2,000 miles America instead of returning to their on his tour of investigation of the chosen field." Methodist missions. On his way home Dr. T. J. Scott, another of the he visited France and Spain. Dr.

early Methodist missionaries to In- Gracey's editorial work was extensive, dia, writes of Dr. Gracey: "He was not only in the periodicals of his own a very companionable man, and his denomination! but in wider fields. A home in India was wide open to hos- small handbook on China, a mission- pitality when, anon, we turned up ary guide-book, and several other dusty and jaded from our travel by volumes came from his pen. In 1883 'coolie' or 'dak-gari.' Nothing was he organized the International Mis- too much trouble for him and his sionary Union, composed of all those wife to do for his friends. Their who had served a term on foreign house was at once a parsonage and fields. Dr. T. J. Scott calls it "The a sanatorium. Great Campfire of the World." This "Dr. Gracey's ample brain, ready has now I,500 members, whose object speech, and facile pen during seven is to promote missionary fellowship years in India made him a potent and to increase missionary interest factor in laying broad and deep foun- and effectiveness. For nearly thirty dations for the Methodist mission years Dr. Gracey was the genial there." president, by his tact and good cheer, So it was that, after less than seven his wit and wisdom, guiding the or- years' labor in India, Mr. and Mrs. ganization and winning the coopera- Gracey were obliged to give up and tion of strong men and women.

enter again into work at home. When the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF For two years after his return to THE WORLD was transferred to Dr.

America Mr. Gracey was in the em- Arthur T. Pierson in 1888, Dr. Gra- ploy of the Missionary Society of his cey became one of the associate edi- church, spending much time in speak- tors, and continued to render effect- ing and writing in the interest of ive service in world-wide interna- miSSIonS. For one year he was pro- tional and interdenominational circles fessor of historical theology in Drew for over twenty years. Dr. Gracey Theological Seminary, and won an was invited to speak at the World enviable reputation as a scholar and Missionary Conference in London in thinker, and as an able orator on I888, and again rendered valuable pUlpit and platform. aid in guiding the intricate business In 1872 he was transferred from of the Great Ecumenical Conference the Philadelphia Conference to that in New York twelve years later.

of Central New York (the Genesee About eight years ago, at the age Conference), of which he remained of seventy-two, Dr. Gracey suf- a member until his death. In Roch- fered from an apoplectic stroke, which

TALBOT GRACEY

would have caused most men to give see and voice the need for woman's up the battle of life, but which only work for woman in heathen lands.

partially incapacitated this faithful "'hen they were compelled to return warrior. His mind was still active to America she promptly identified and his heart was young, so that he herself with the newly formed "Wom- surrendered only so far as it was an's Foreign :Missionary Society,"

absolutely necessary. and later for twenty-three years was In 1901, with characteristic hU111or, corresponding secretary of the Board.

he sent to the writer a newspaper clip- Mrs. Gracey was an able writer, ping which he deemed over-generous, speaker, and organizer, and rendered and entitled it "Gracey's Obituary." very important service on the litera- This tribute, from the first Methodist tme committee of her own Church Church in Rochester, shows that this and on the Woman's United Mission prophet was held in honor in his own Study Committee. She pays a tri- country. It says in part: bute to woman's work, and records "As a speaker and writer on mis- its importance as author of a book sions he has come to stand for the on "Eminent Missionary Women.'

best in this greatest of Christian en- In the home Mrs. Gracey was first terprises. Nobly seconded by his de- of all a devoted wife and mother.

voted wife, who wields a pen not Outside duties did not cause her to second to his own, they are jointly neglect these. One who knew her doing a great work for the Master. well quotes as true of her the words Dr. Gracey is in great demand as a of King Lemuel, the prophecy that lecturer on all phases of the mission- his mother taught him: "She looketh ary question and on ethnic religions. well to the ways of her household "He is worthy of the highest trib- and eateth not the bread of idleness.

ute that can be paid either to his dis- Her children rise up and call her tinguished ability or to his honored blessed; her husband, he also praiseth career but for those of us who know her."

him it # is, after all, the man and Four years ago, in February, 1908, friend that we love. His genial na- almost on the eve of their golden ture, true friendship, and his fellow- wedding anniversary, Mrs. Gracey ship with God cause a great host to was suddenly called home, and left pray that for many years 'his bow her husband, son, and two daughters may abide in strength.' " sadly stricken. Dr. and Mrs. Gracey Not long after this notice appeared 110t only devoted themselves, but gave in reference to himself, Dr. Gracey their substance and brought up their also sent us a clipping (February, family to the work of God. The son, 1902), marked, "Mrs. Gracey's Obit- V. A. Gracey, is editor of the Geneva uary-but not dead yet, thank God." Daily Times; one daughter, Lilly Under her photograph he had marked Ryder Gracey, has had wide experi- in his characteristically clear hand, ence as a newspaper writer, and an- "Isn't she lovely?" She sympathized other daughter, Frances Ida Gracey, with her husband in his ideals and was an invalid for many years, but always actively joined him in his was widely known for her beautiful work. She was one of the first to character and heroic nature. She also

succeeded in many ways in promoting Speaking at the meeting in prepa.

the cause of missions, and from her ration for the Ecumenical Conference room in the sanatorium at Clifton in 1900, he emphasized the great Springs, for two years she conducted advantage of a world-wide vision on a campaign to raise $5,000 for a the one hand, and increased solidar- hospital for cripples in China. Soon ity of Christian forces on the other.

after her father's decease she, too, He said in part: went to join her beloved parents, but "As separate bodies we have been before her departure had nearly com- too much studying the origin of spe- pleted the desired sum. cies, until we are saturated more or The large labors and high ideals less with our denominationalism. All appealed to Dr. Gracey. His was no these denominations represent his- small-caliber task. He was peculiarly tory, and each stands for an idea.

fitted by education and by tempera- Methodists can do some things bet- ment for the great work of winning ter than Presbyterians; Presbyterians the world to Christ. His labors were can do some things better than Bap- not confined to his own city or de- tists; Baptists can do some things nomination, but to the world, and he better than Episcopalians. We want served all classes and all churches. to find out without sacrificing any of He was optimistic and energetic, and our individuality the mighty idea the greatest hardship he was called back of that denominationalism, so upon to bear, next to the separation that we may adjust these into a from his beloved wife, was enforced mighty solidarity. After Magenta inactivity in the Master's service. the army of France and Italy had to His was a singularly rounded char- march through a great forest of low acter, and while he conceived and trees. The men could not see each exprest great ideas, he gave vent to other; only a few hundreds on either playful but never irreverent humor. side and they were deprest. Then they On one occasion, at a meeting of deployed out into the great plain, the International Missionary Union and hundreds and thousands and tens at Clifton Springs, he spoke earnestly of thousands of them were put into in favor of "Church Union," espe- line of battle, and as their bayonets cially in missionary work. It was bristled in the sun, they gathered before the movement had become mighty courage. They were just as popular. He said: near to each other an hour before.

"This is a great work in which There were just as many of them, we are engaged, and little differences but they did not feel the thrill and must be set aside. We need closer inspiration of the mighty multitude.

union and more perfect cooperation The next day was Solferino! So I if we are to win this world to our think we will get closer together and Lord and Master. We already have begin to ask what there is that we something of this union and coopera- can do, not in divisions only, but as tion. We Methodists draw the poor a solid army."

sinners out of the mud, the Baptists Dr. Gracey died in Gifton Springs, wash .them, the Presbyterians 'blue' N. Y., on January 5th, last, after them, the Episcopalians starch them." a long and tedious iIlness. His

1:2] JOHN TALBOT GRACEY 29

funeral services were attemled by Dr. William V. Kelley, ellitor of many who honored him highly, ami the Methodist Review, also paid a appreciative words were spoken. Dr. loving tribute when he said: Ward Platt, secretary of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Mis- "I have come close to him in the sions, said: unofficial years of his life, when he was not busy with a multitude of "To meet this man was to be stimu- things, not girded like a soldier, but lated from the first even to the last at ease and simply himself, with all of the interview. To enter that home his thought and all his heart given to in Rochester, where every member you as you sat down beside him, in was wedded to a world purpose, was the simplicity of his personality apart to be lifted out of a rut and launched from all official offices or activities of in an orbit. life. From the first time I saw this man until now there has been some- "He was a prodigious worker, and thing gallant in him. He took his yet he was bound by no regular rules wounds like a soldier. He was chivof labor. It might be at any night alric, princely in nature; courtesy hour or any time of day that he took was inborn, and he had a delicate up his tasks, and yet it was by a deference to others. He was a splenmethod so overpowering that you did optimist. He dared to believe just wondered at the quantity and the his religion and to venture upon it quality of the literary productions. in confidence and faith.

"He was a true representative of "The buoyancy of the man was the 'Holy Catholic Church,' and in very delightful, and so we would rethe last essence a Methodist. Method- member his laughter. He filled life ism could have no better defender with laughter. One of the things I of its beliefs and of' its spirit, and can not help remembering him by yet he was far more. He was at one was that magnetic laugh, so explosive with every circle which was at home at times. with Jesus Christ! Two Presbyterian ministers in Rochester were wont to "In his last days of illness I found speak of him as their assistant pastor, him one night deprest, and I could so often had he ministered to their not understand exactly what he was congregation." trying to say. I said, 'Say that over again, please.' 'Be calm, and sink Rev. J. Sumner Stone, D.D., of into His will,' he said;' 'my mother's hymn.' It was a part of the hymn: N ew York, spoke from long personal acquaintance when he said: "Who fed thee last, will feed thee stilI, "Dr. Gracey left behind him what Be calm and sink into His will." seems to be a cloud of glory, as illustrated in the transformed lives of Thus passed from the realm of toil men and women who came in contact and suffering to the realm of rest and with him-a life like a ship leaving glory, this servant of God. After behind a silvery streak in the ocean. eighty years, his soul took flight as he laid his armor down and wel- "In Dr. Gracey's life sacrifice was comed the passing over the river that a broken alabaster box-a shattered he might rejoin his beloved wife in shell left, but the fragrance will go the presence of his King. on down through the ages."

A NATIVE VIEW OF INDIA'S EVANGELIZATION *

BY MR. P. O. PHILIP, B.A. lIi~sionary of the National lIissionary Society. Karwar, Canara.

( gT HE evangelization ofr~J our countrymen are by no means les:: India-this is a phrase remarkable. which so.unds familiar Witness, for instance, the new enough III our ears j movement which goes by the name of neo-Hinduism-the Arya Samaj but it conveys to most of our minds nothing in northern India, the Brahmo Sa- more than ideas akin maj, Prarthana Samaj and other to those aroused by the thought of similar Samajams in eastern and an unrealizable ambition or a pious western India, and theosophy in hope. Are not the leaders of our southern India-all these are evimissionary societies entertaining vis- dences of the prevailing dissatisfacionary ideas in hoping that India tion of the educated Hindus with will ultimately become an integral popular Hinduism. part of the kingdom of Christ? What The antichristian attitudes these is the actual situation? Are our movements generally assume show fears justified by a survey of the past that they are conscious that the citaachievements and the present work- del of Hinduism is in danger. The ing of the Christian forces in this methods of imitation they adopt in great nonchristian land? Have we their work and the way in which they sufficiently taken into account all the read noble Christian truths into the resources that are within our reach confessedly immoral stories of their for this great work? What part have Puranas and Shastras show further we Indian Christians as individuals that Christianity is the cause of this and as a Church in this work of religious awakening. "We have in enthroning Jesus Christ in the hearts Hinduism all that your boasted Chrisof the millions of our fellow coun- tianity can give us, and a great deal more"-this is the position that is trymen? fast taking foot in the minds of the educated Hindus as the result of It can no longer be said of modern these new movements. India, as was once the case, that she is unmoved by the new forces of re- It is certain that neo-Hinduism will ligion and civilization that are oper- be the greatest opponent of Chrisating upon her. The hackneyed tianity in India in the near future. lines: The movement is yet young, not even thirty years old, and confined to the She let the legions thunder past, upper classes, but in future years, And plunged in thought again, are no longer true of the modern with the advancement of education, conditions of our land. We need not the large middle-class population will at present stop to consider the re- also be brought within its sweep j markable changes that have taken and great will be the proportions as- place in the space of the last seventy- sumed by this antichristian movement.

five years in the social, intellectual Hard and long will be the struggle, and moral outlook of the Hindu. but there can be no doubt as to the They are of importance to us only ultimate result, if only we maintain in so far as they show beyond a our privileged position as faithful doubt that the protective armor of and intelligent fellow workers with Hinduism has been pierced, and God.

pierced beyond recovery. But the There are already signs of life in changes in the domain of religion, the dry bones of India's missions as such, that have taken place in the which are full of hope. I do not last twenty or thirty-five years among want to appeal to statistics for the * From The Bomooy Guardian. Part of an address given at the Y. M. C. A. Students' Camp, Pallavaram, near Madras. obvious reason that the results of the Lord talked with him and commis- secret working and the actual growth sioned him to bear witness to small of the Kingdom in any country can and great of the Gospel of His grace.

not be tabulated in figures. I would, Nor is there any reason why we on the other hand, try to focus your should doubt his testimony, for noth- attention on certain facts which to ing short of a heavenly vision can my mind are more convincing than account for the great change that any amount of statistics. The mighty has t<.ken place in him. For four spiritual revivals and the wonderful years and more he has lived a con- cases of individual conversion we sistent and fearless Christian life in meet with in different parts of the the regiment. Sometimes he visited country are sure signs of the work- his English officers in their tents, and ing of the Spirit of God. The recent after a smart salute, has knelt down revival in the Khassia Hills, As- and prayed in Hindi and immediately sam, led to the conversion of thou- departed. On one occasion he was sands and to the quickening of the rebuking his comrades of sin and Church all over the land. Such re- they caught him by the ear and vivals show that when God begins to dragged him for a distance of two work, the most serious difficulties miles along the road. He went to which we in our limited and blurred the hospital for some weeks in con- vision are accustomed to look upon sequence of this cruelty, and it was as big mountains are overcome in a found that some of his aural nerves moment. So also the accounts of in- were permanently injured. But he dividual conversion under the most rejoiced to be counted worthy to suf- unexpected and, humanly speaking, fer for Christ's sake, and when asked the most impossible conditions which to disclose the names of his perse- we meet with in the annals of many cutors he refused. To-day he is of our missionary societies show that spending his hard-earned holiday Christ is as truly working in our preaching the Gospel in Nepal, his land to-day as in any other land or native country, a land which is closed in any other age. Yes, He is the to Christian missionaries. "I have same yesterday, to-day, and forever, known him for four years and I have whether in Asia or in Europe, in In- not met a more simple-hearted, brave dia or in Korea. and enthusiastic disciple of the Mas- The Story of Guman Singh ter"-such is the testimony which a well-known English worker gives of In the year 1905, during the great him. Christ has begun His good and revival of spiritual life among the gracious work in our land and His Khassia people there was quartered kingdom is making headway in India in Shillong, the capital of the Khas- in ways and manners we do not al- sia Hills, a Gurkha regiment. There ways know. Let us, therefore, be was a bandsman in this regiment, confident of this very thing that "He Guman Singh by name, who had pre- which hath begun a good work in viously known nothing of Christ or us will perform it until the day of Christianity. During the time of the Jesus Christ."

wonderful revival he felt an irre- Have we sufficiently taken into ac- sistible impulse to go to the church count the resources that are within where many were assembled day and our reach for the accomplishment of night, and where God was doing this great work?

marvelous things. He understood I would now try to direct your nothing of the Khassia language, but thoughts to the greatest of all our he is to-day a humble believer in resources, to the living God, domi- Christ. He attributes his conversion nating, possessing and using all fac- to an independent revelation of the tors and influences to work out His person of Christ. He affirms that the eternal purposes concerning our land.

No lesson of missionary experience sionary enterprise in our land so has been more fully, impressively and limited? Why is it that we find no convincingly taught than that apart large accessions to the Christian from the divine working all is inade- Church from the ranks of those who quate. Our well-organized mission- are most influenced by Christian ary societies, activities, methods and thought? Is it not because so many plans are of no avail if they are not Christians, let us say so many of us, inaugurated, directed and sustained fail to fulfil the conditions required by Him. "Except the Lord build for the forthputting of the divine the house they labor in vain that power? An ordinary steel cable, look- build it." It was the firm conviction ing like so many yards of twine, may in the practical availability of the il- lie idle in the bazaar. But you in- limitable resources of the Heavenly sulate it properly, and connect it with Father which enabled and still en- a dynamo, and it becomes the channel ables many a servant of God to dare for conveying the mysterious electric. and to do great things. in His name, current into its practically illimitable more than the need for money, more powers of lighting and driving ma- than the need for men, and more chinery. Two simple conditions, in- than the need for any of the re- sulation and perfect contact, make the sources which are, after all, of the whole difference. What we also want earth earthy, what we want to-day in to-day in our spiritual life is exactly our churches and mission fields is the same. We should be saved from the faith which will enable us to selfishness, insulated, as it were, draw largely from "the unsearchable against the inroads and suggestions riches of Christ." Adoniram Jud- of the world and self, and we should son, the apostle of Burma, in one of also preserve an unbroken connection the darkest periods of the history of with the abounding and never-failing missions, confronted by an almost source of superhuman power, the dyunbroken line of heathenism, and namo of our spiritual life, even Jesus without any trace of a hopeful fu- Christ the eternal Son of God. ture beyond, was able to write to the American Christians: "If they ask Now with regard to the first conwhat promise of ultimate success is dition. How could this insulation be here, tell them, 'as much as there is effected? By surrendering ourself, an almighty and faithful God who our whole life unconditionally to the will perform His promises and noth- Lord Jesus Christ. This is not an ing more.' " Yes, it is this superhuman easy thing to do. Christ Himself factor in the evangelization of India makes no attempt to conceal the difwhich should grip our souls. Elimi- ficulties of discipleship. He wants nate the supernatural from our mis- every would-be follower of His to sion work and the next moment the sit down and count the cost at the whole thing will reduce itself to the outset, so that it may not be said of level of a huge humanitarian social- him, "This man began to build and service movement and nothing more. was not able to finish." His words are very plain and quite uncompro- Causes of Limited Success mising. "If any man come to Me and hate not his father and mother We have seen that the situation in and wife and children and brothers India is, on the whole, one which and sisters, yea, and his own life also, should strengthen us in our confi- he can not be My disciple." "Whodences in the final victory of our soever he be of you that forsaketh Master. We have also seen that we not all that he hath, can not be My have in our Almighty Father all the disciple." "Except a corn of wheat resources necessary to meet and to fall to the ground and die it remainovercome the greatest difficulties. eth alone, but when it dies it yields Why, then, is the success of the mis- much fruit." Yes, following Christ

NEGLECTED FIELDS OF AMERICA

may mean to you and me the giving tudes of His devoted followers; if up of some of our cherished ambi- the longing of your heart is, as it is tions and dearest dreams. It may surely our Lord's, that India should mean bare subsistence allowance in- know the true God and Jesus Christ stead of sumptuous salaries and af- whom He has sent, and that speedfluent circumstances. It may mean ily you will consider no sacrifice too to some of you the painful experience great to make for the realization in of going right against the ideas and however small a measure of this most hopes with which those near and dear sacred of ambitions. As Indians, our to you have long been associating position is one of peculiar privilege your future career. All these are and opportunity. I love to think of real difficulties. But are we to be the day when different elements of frightened from taking the decisive the Indian Christian community, forstep by any or all of these difficulties? getting all their petty differences of The answer to this important ques- origin, organization and beliefs, will tion depends upon the extent to with the single-eyed purpose of winwhich the claims of the Master and ning India for Christ, send forth her the needs of the Kingdom have taken preachers and teachers and Christian hold of our minds. If your heart Sadhus to every village and town, beats in unison with that of the Mas- and thus hasten the coming of the ter, and with the hearts of the multi- Kingdom in India.

THE NEGLECTED FIELDS OF AMERICA* AN ACCOUNT OF THE SIGNIFICANT WESTERN CAMPAIGN OF THE SPECIAL DEPUTATION OF THE HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL BY Hl'llERT C. HERRING. ll.D. Secretary of the Congregational Home Missionary Society I lS]IX home mission secre- (4) How many of them are more taries, represer~tinl? as than four miles from church services many denom111ahons, recently completed a held in a language which they can tour of thirteen West- understand?

(5) What amount of home mis- ern States, arranging sion money is expended for each or- in each State for a sur- ganization in each place? vey of religious conditions, school district by district, throughout the (6) What communities, speaking what languages, are without religious care? whole territory. This step has been (7) What undenominational, retaken bv the Home Missions Council ligious and social agencies are at because- of its growing sense of the work, or should be at work, etc.? need of closer cooperation and of In at least one of the States under facts upon which to base that co- review there are as many as 8,500 operation. school districts. When it is remem- The survey sought answer to such bered with what great reluctance the questions as these: average human being addrest him- (I) What nationalities, what self to the task of filling out a blank, churches, what pastors in a given it will be seen that the State comcommunity? mittees have undertaken no small (2) How many people in that com- task. It is not expected that the remunity? turns will all be in before July I, (3) Speaking what tongues? 1912. The results of the survey will * Condensed from Missio1"IS.

make the most significant home mIs- ficult by the same causes which have sion document ever published. produced it, viz., lack of money ade- quate to maintain work in a com- Lack of Religious Privileges munity unable or unwilling to do much for itself, and lack of ministers In every conference there was capable of succeeding in the country strong testimony on this point. Par- and willing to go there. But a way ticularly in the States where frontier must be found, whatever the difficonditions are largely in the past, culties. such as Nebraska, Kansas and southern Minnesota, it was found that Workers in Exceptional Vocations scores of communities of considerable size are separated from church Most prominent are the unmet services by a distance which is prac- needs of the lumbermen. In Wistically prohibitory. In addition are consin, Minnesota, Idaho and Washhundreds of scarcely less destitute ington a population of several hunrural communities, which are de- dred thousand are directly dependent pendent on the irregular service of upon the lumber industry. A large a non-resident minister, too often ill- percentage are single men, or men equipped. This condition is made the separated from their families for long more serious because of the polyglot periods. The conditions of labor precharacter of the population. Families vent permanent residence, and often and neighborhoods, speaking one are directly promotive of vicioLls language, are surrounded by the habits. The "lumber jack" is prolarger community, speaking another, verbially thriftless and reckless when and are unable either to provide a not something worse. A lumber town church of their own or to share that is crude, and its population fluctuaof their neighbors. Then, too, sec- ting. It, therefore, naturally results tarian traditions, and particularly the that religious work is carried on, gulf between Catholics and Protes- whether in camp or town, against tants, further complicate the case. As great odds and with little visible outa result of it all, there is beyond come. The bulk of the lumbermen doubt a wide-spread and ominous in camp are under no religious influfailure of organized Christianity to ence. The sawmill towns are often reach the scattered dwellers on West- but little better. Here, as in so ern farms. The home mission boards many vocations, the producers who have upon them no obligation so are nearest nature's sources are less pressing as this. privileged than those farther away.

This does not mean that the aggre- The home mission boards are not gate of rural churches in the West likely to be able to meet this need in is small. In Kansas, for instance, at adequate degree. The cost is so great, least one-fifth of the evangelical and the type of worker required so churches are in the open country, rare, that only a limited expectation away from the railroad. Add to these of enlarging present work can be the churches in small towns, essen- indulged. The ideal solution of the tially rural in their constituency, and problem would be a "Lumbermen's the total is large. But the areas are Mission" carried on under joint auso vast, and the population so pre- spices of the denominational boards dominantly agricultural, that a great and the Y. M. C. A. portion is still unreached. Children grow from infancy to majority with- Of similar sort are the unmet out Gospel influences, save as a needs among miners. These are less limping and intermittent Sunday- pronounced so far as lack of church school and a rare sermon bring Christ privileges is concerned. As to the to their thoughts. The effort to cor- amount of indifference and godlessrect this condition will be made dif- ness, presumably there is not much difference. In great mining centers,

like the Cripple Creek District, the in a town is not a conclusive indica- Cocur d'Alene, and the Black Hills, tion of the facts. The Western boom are many churches. But their task spirit, which sees a coming metropolis is hard and their hold small. The in every hamlet, has naturally crowded great need is such equipment and forward church building enterprises.

leadership as shall enable them to em- Add to this the fact that the coolest phasize the social side of the minis- and most experienced are liable to try. In smaller outlying camps are misjudge the future in a region often no churches at all, or else where population is so fluid and its buildings with no preachers. The elements so liable to change, and you proposed survey will render an in- have another cause of overbuilding.

valuable service by furnishing a com- Then the multiplicity of tongues and prehensive view of the whole situa- the strong tendency of the Teutonic tion in mining towns. peoples toward sectarian subdivisions Here and there, in the round of has contributed to the situation.

conferences, many glimpses were had One can easily get a mental pic- of groups of foreigners without .or- ture of a town of a thousand people, ganized Christian effort, Greek, Japa- with two English-speaking Protestant nese, Chinese, Spanish. In one pain- churches, a Catholic church, two ful and reproachful case a commu- Swedish churches of different sects, a nity of 3,000 Finns was found to German church and a Norwegian have no vestige of religious work church, making a total of seven- among them. In most of these cases patently too many and yet perfectly it should be possible to supply the explainable. The English churches present lack. were built before it could be known Overchurching that the place would become so large- This question was earnestly dis- ly foreign-speaking. The foreign cust. So great, however, ·was the churches were organized to meet the difficulty of agreeing upon a defini- demand for the mother tongue, and tion, and so divergent were the judg- duplicated in one nationality or more ments of workers as to actual condi- because of irreconcilable antagonisms tions, that no comprehensive state- springing out of the past. Not every ments can be made until prolonged case, however, is so simple. Fre- study has been given to more ample quently the English-speaking churches data. That there is overchurching, have multiplied through mere secta- of course, goes without saying. But rian zeal and local pride. But now, on all questions as to amount, _na- compelled by necessity, or by a sense ture, cause and cure it was difficult of the proprieties, many of the weaker to get a consensus of opinion. It ones stand unsupplied or are de- is plain that in most of the States pendent on the service of a non- but little effort has been made to resident minister, so that five church bring about acquaintance and estab- buildings often mean but two or three lish mutual confidence among home ministers. This, as far as it goes, is mission leaders. As a result each a step toward a cure. But the vari- man's work has been largely unre- ous organizations remain, each a dis- lated to, and often at cross purposes couragement to the other, and the with, that of men in other denomina- unused buildings discredit the cause tions. It was evident that the vari- they represent.

ous conferences went far toward A long, vigorous and intelligent clearing the air and establishing a course of treatment will be required basis of closer relations in the future. before the West is cured of its sec- Attention was repeatedy called to tarian ills. It was refreshing to hear the fact that overchurching is often from place to place of localities which overbuilding rather than overman- are addressing themselves to the re- ning. The number of church spires duction of sectarian inflammation.

EDITORIALS

MOTHERS OF THE TEMPLE or others in whom they are inter- ested, may take up this definite Chris- A GREAT era of missions was in- tian service. augurated when the churches or- Various committees have been organized to send out missionaries and ganized, and regular bimonthly meet- ings have been planned for conferto direct their work in foreign lands. ence, prayer and study, and inspira- tional addresses. Another epoch was marked fifty years This organization lays the right ago by the organization of women emphasis on responsibility and privi- lege. It begins with the home. Here to bear their share in the enterprise. is where missionaries, preachers and Bible teachers should be trained; Twenty-five years ago the young here they should learn to know the full meaning of surrender to Christ; people came forward to organize as here they should see the vision of the world need, and hear the call volunteers for service, and the mis- of God to work in His Vineyard. May God bless the "Mothers of the sionary force has doubled in that Temple."

time. More recently students of mis- TVOICES THAT CALL TO MISSIONS HOSE who do not hear the call sions have started a campaign of to join in the great work of win- ning the world to Christ can not give missionary education, and the laymen as an excuse the failure of God to make known His will. They need have banded together to increase the to go direct to the Great Physician for spiritual operations on their eyes, supply of funds to support the grow- their ears, their hearts, their nerves, and their powers of locomotion. What ing work. are some of the voices that call to missionary work? Now comes a new organization of 1. The voice of God in His Word. mothers. It is thus far local, but may The marching orders of our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. The whole well become world-wide. An asso- Bible is a missionary book.

ciation has been formed in the Cen- 2. The voice of human need. Ig- norance, culpable ignorance, shuts out tral Presbyterian Church, Rochester, the vision of men and women living and dying in sin. None can see the N. Y., called "Mothers of the condition of men in any land without recognizing their need of a Savior. Temple." Its purpose is to bring the 3. The voice of ability. Christians mothers in the church into closer have vast resources at their command, and all the powers of nature are being fellowship for prayer, child study, and harnessed to do man's bidding. Every new discovery and invention is but a consideration of the needs of man- a new instrument put into OUf hands to carry the Gospel into the regions kind in order to promote a "World beyond.

for Christ Movement." This is to be done by' consecrating their chil- dren to the Master. Like Hannah of old, these mothers are ready to bring their children to God, and dedi- cate them from birth to His service.

The association also purposes to raise an educational fund to help members of their church who are striving, amid difficulties, to educate them- selves as Christian ministers or mis- slOnanes.

The active members of this organi- zation are mothers who study the Bible and are praying that their chil- dren may take up definite Christian work, obeying the command of Christ to "go preach the Gospel."

Other women may join as associate members if they study the Bible and are praying that those in their classes, 4. The voice of history. The past church-members. The sooner each is failures of men without Christ and imprest with his or her own personal the successes attending missionary responsibility to use tongue and tal- work are summons to further en- ents to spread the Gospel, the sooner deavor. In the past missionary cen- the kingdom of God will be estab- tury twice as many have been added lished.

to the professing followers of Christ Not long ago we came upon one of as in all the preceding eighteen these "Fishers of men," of which the ccnturics. The work is a success. church should be composed. He was S. The voice of opportunity. Doors a plain, stalwart, successful Long have been opening on every hand, Island fisherman, who had heard the and many obstacles that long stood call of God sounding in his ears to be- in the way have disappeared. Even come a personal worker. He entered persecutions have left the doors open into the work with the same energy wider than they were before. God is that he put into his deep-sea fishing.

leading the way. In the summer he uses his nets and 6. The voice of love and thanks- ships barrels of fish each day to the glvmg. "The love of Christ con- market; in the winter he uses his Gos- straineth me." The fact that we owe pel net to seek men individually, not so much to God must lead to greater only to bring them to his Master, but sacrifice and service for Him. to lead them to become themselves 7. The voice of self-interest. Ex- "Fishers of men." In this way he has perience proves that the greatest bless- been used by God to take in his net ing comes to those who give them- one thousand individuals in the past selves wholly to this work. Those three and one-half years-whereas who are self-centered stagnate and previously to that time he had spoken die. Christianity must flow out if to none.

it is to be kept living. The most This man, without college or theo- short-sighted policy is that which be- logical education, a simple Christian, gins and ends at home. like most church-members, has a rec- Whosoever hath, to him shall be ord that few laymen can equal. He given, and to whomsoever much is will speak to anyone, tactfully, mod- given, of him shall much be required. estly, earnestly, planting the seed and FISHERS OF MEN trusting God to give the increase. In his "Fishermen's Oub," or "God's T HE late editor-in-chief, Dr. Pier- Messengers," this personal worker son, used to say that the true di- has secured the names of bankers, vine idea of "Apostolic Succession" lawyers, preachers, teachers, editors, was revealed in Romans 10: IO: hear- clerks and heads of large business ing, believing, confessing; hearing, houses. He spoke to the sales girl believing, confessing, in perpetual who sold him an umbrella, and to the succession from one end of the world president of a large fountain-pen com- to the other. pahy, where he sought a pen with Truly this is the ideal, apostolic which to record the results of his method, to be used by the Spirit of "fishing." Both of these, as well as God for the extension of the king- editors of some well-known publica- dom and the conversion of mankind. tions, thanked him for his earnest The Church can not depend on great words and agreed to become also organized efforts however powerful, "fishers of men."

or 'on social movements, or on paid This worker testifies that in all the workers however efficient, to carry hundreds of people he has approached the Gospel to the unbelievers. None he has never met a rebuff. Some have of this can take the place of the gen- refused to commit themselves, but all eral individual work for individuals have been courteous and appreciative.

on the part of the rank and file of Surely there are thousands of other

Christian men and women who will sanctification. There can be no sanctitake up this work for the Master, a fication until there is separation from work to which he has called us and on the world. which he has set his seal of approval. Is not this the difficulty with many OUR LORD'S INTERCESSORY movements toward church unity? Any artificial or external union must PRAYER fail. This great end can not be achieved by uniting disciples; it must T HE great prayer of our Lord for be accomplished by union with the His disciples, recorded in the Master in nature, affections, will, seventeenth chapter of the Gospel sympathies, and work. according to St. John, relates to their separation, sanctification, unification, The result of such union will be and glorification. a new power and new results in witness to the world. It will sim- First he refers to their unworldli- plify our creed, and this unanimity ness. This characteristic is defined in faith will beget confidence-belief in seven particulars: in our testimony. It will also give an example to the world of the na- Chosen out of the world. ture and power of the love of God. Sent into the world on a mission. Living in the world. The result will also be cooperation Not of the world. in service and economy of resources Hated by the world. andeffort. Let us seek for greater Kept from the evil in the world. unity, but let that unity be based on Witnessing to the world. greater conformity to the nature and will of God.-A. T. P. Next our Lord is moved to pray for their sanctification. MISSIONARY STATISTICS OF INDIA By the truth He had taught them. A STUDY of the statistics for mis- By the example He had left them. sions in India as reported in 19IO, compared with those of ten years ago, Third, He prays for their Unity. show decided signs of progress. For Four times He repeats this petition India, Burma and Ceylon we have a "that they may be one," and indicates total foreign missionary force of 4,998 its result on the world. men and women under 141 societies, as compared with 4,267 ten years ago, This characteristic follows their under 115 societies. This is an inseparation and sanctification, and pre- crease of one-sixth in the foreign pares the way for their glorification. force. The native workers of all This unity is to be: classes now number 38,143, as com- pared with 28,136 ten years before. A unity of all believers. This is an increase of over one-third, A result of union with Christ. and shows that the policy of using Like that of the Father and the Son. native evangelists has been adhered Perfect spiritual oneness. to with good results. The number of Followed by belief in the world. native communicants has increased from 332,924 to 538,737, and total Fourth, our Lord's prayer suggests Protestant adherents from 1,033,529 to that His disciples shall all partake of 1,521,423 (including communicants). the divine nature. The form of the This is an increase of over 50 per subject of this prayer is the glorifi- cent. in less than ten year… cation of all disciples.

Glorified in Christ. . Glorified with Christ.

There can be no glorification of the Church until there is unity, and there can be no unity until there is

STATISTICAL TABLES FOR INDIA, BURMA AND

THE GENERAL AND EVANGELISTIC WORK FOIlEIGM MISSIOMAIlIEI NATIVII WOaDIl, STATIO•• CUlllSTIAR COJUlURITY ARD CoRTaIBunoRS Physicians COUNTRIES AND SOCIETIES i rn 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 INDIA American and Canadian Societies American Baptist Foreign Mission Societr ' •• " . • • • • 1814 131 13 8 5 131 83 361 287 3,384 3,671 73 1,893 1,091 8,558 127,963 127,963 347,052 1,115 36,293 102,475 American Board of Commissioners for For. Miss… 1813 28 7 Baptist For. Misa. Board, Maritime Provinces…… 1873 10 3 1 3 33 21 91 59 1,078 1,137 18 537 91 691 13,165 "13,165 46,282 479 13,165 14,424 Board of For. Miss., General Conference Mennonites 1900 4 3 8 16 35 100 100 8 17 9 102 544 544 *2,100 28 630 3 3 Board of For. Miss., Gen. Council Evan. Luth. Ch. 1869 2 9 10 10 2 1 1 42 42 42 4 150 Board of For. Miss., German EV!"$'elical Synod…. 1865 9 7 8 9 23 .- Board of For. Miss., Methodist Episcopal Church 1. 1856 4 34 Board of For. Miss., Gen. Synod, Evan. Lutheran Ch. 1842 11 3 2 308 310 4 413 250 *1,000 1,521 14,871 16,866 92 2,781 1,500 8 12 2 614 616 5 498 497 218 13,281 37,255 44,008 294 17,506 3,725 8 1 5 98 7 2 16 151 151 6 43 35 100 2,002 3,208 *4,000 8 1,198 5 86 99 Board of For. Miss., Presb. Church in U. S. A… 1834 48 7 4 42 36 295 199 4,746 4,945 66 200 282 11,282 122,986 178,943 181,049 3,523 148,591 113,852 146 53 750 803 27 120 61 1,281 7,418 *10,465 18,669 277 9,903 35,957 Board of For. Miss., Reformed Church (Dutch)I… 1853 9 1 2 11 5 31 14 374 388 8 172 19 238 2,997 4,725 Board of For. Miss., Reformed Episcopal Church '… 1894 2 9,757 182 6,715 2,830 2 1 2- 4 11 11 1 Board of For. Miss., Reformed Presbyterian Church 1837 78 3 23 26 4 6 15 549 725 2,076 6 Board of For. Miss., United Presbyterian Church ,. 1855 22 1 3 2 23 35 86 82 550 3 25 596 621 12 331 33 1,487 14,202 14,202 26,122 151 1,320 12,792 Board of Management, Gwalior Presbyterian Mission 1904 1- – – 1 1 22 22 1 5 4 55 145 787 787 3 Christian and Missionary Alliance……………… 1887 22 – 86 80 100 – 7 28 29 35 124 124 19 1,000 1,000 1,600 Christian Woman's Board of Missions………….. 1882 2,149 Evan. Lutheran Synod of Mo., 0'1 and Other States. 1895 7- 5_ 5 18 16 136 136 10 20 10 42 682 682 *2,600 34 1,350 8- – 8- 25 29 29 5 131 *400 942 Foreign Christian Missionary SOciety…………… 1882 11 3 3- 12 5 10 For. Dept., International Committee, Y. M. C. A… 1889 6 16 124 140 6 8 8 162 852 852 *3,200 31 2,036 536 5- – 9 11 – 192 For. Dept., National Board, Y. W. C. A., U. S. A.. 1894 – 46 5 60 – – – – 6 50 4 For. Miss. Board, Baptist Conv., Ontario and Quebec 1866 16 28 For. Miss. Com., Presbyterian Church in Canada… 1873 15 2 3- 12 15 6 6 307 313 12 161 45 531 5,093 5,093 9,700 275 5,300 28 4,182 Friends' For. Miss. Soc.,-Ohio Yearly Meeting,…… 1896 – 3 5- 15 12 26 2 109 111 7 19 9 141 1,031 21,031 *4,000 33 1,572 18 3,301 General Conference of .l'-ree Baptists………….. 1836 11 – 1- – 5 13 18 18 1 1 1 60 60 310 2 140 300,955 11 8 General Miss. Board, Church of the Brethren……. 1895 11 – 1 1- 11 5 12 317 329 7 10 19 166 1,368 1,368 2,375 112 4,544 – – 8 General Miss. Board of the Free Methodist Church.. 1885 4 1 47 48 10 25 4 45 787 800 1,064 34 1,004 14 Gen. Miss. Board, Pentecostal Church, Nazarene… 1897 4- – 1 5 8 3 11 11 3 1 11 40 56 180 5 220 4 5- – – 5 3 2 12 14 4 4 Hephzibah Faith Missionary Association……….. 1898 2 – 10 Lee Memorial Bengali MissIOn·……………….. – – – 2 4 17 1 1 2- 1 1 1 3 44 Mennonite Board of Missions and Charities……… 1899 7 34 34 1 6 12 600 4 4- 1 5 4 Missionarr Society, Calvinistic Church in U. S. A.. 1869 5 52 52 3 4 4 60 451 492 600 17 555 1- 1- 1- 6 Peniel Mlssionary Socie!y_o…………………… 1897 – – – 2 2- 5 5 1 1 2 9 9 *36 18 7 Pentecost :Bands of the World…. ;……………. 1896 5- – – 2 3 15 7 1 Scandinavian Alliance Mission………………… 1892 3 – – 4 3 7 15 3 2 Seventh·Day_ Adventist Mission Board………….. 1895 12 1 2 9 11 9 3 3 4 1 3 19 Vanguara Missionary Association……………… 1895 – – – 2 1 4 22 8 4 221 221 221 12 225 Woman's Home and For. Miss. Soc., Advent Chris. 1898 – – – 1- 4 40 40 3 1 Woman's Gen. Miss. Soc., Churches of God……. 1896 2 – – – 1 3 20 20 3 7 60 60 *200 14 1,200 Woman's Union Missionary Society of America….. 1863 – – 4- – 14 2 25 25 25 3 50 ~–68-6-!-1-3-,7-41-56-0l-1-4-,4-13-52-0~-3S-0"':"'5''''4,-S-11-11-l-Z-,4-8-8-1-2-6,-1-8-6-1—,-4-94-+-4-18-,-77-5+-7-25-,-32-1:+-6:-,:-74-4-'2'7–26-1-,9:-3:-8'- 'T.667 324 Totals, 39 American Societies………………… —-+-'-s-2-7+-4-7+-7-1~–S9—5-1-3-~–4-8-0 Australasian Societies Baptist Association of Queensland For. Miss. Com.. 1885 1- – – 1 1 3 3 2 5 1 1 11 11 13 1 2 52 Baptist For. Miss. Soc. of New South Wales……. 1885 1- – – 1- 2 1 12 24 2 9 2 28 116 3 106 118 Furreedpore Missionary_ Society •.•..••..•..••…. 1882 2 1- – 2 4 8- 24 22 2 3 2 59 New Zealand Baptist Missionary Society……….. 1891 _ 1 2 11 59 42 100 3 375 1 1- – 1 3 5 2 20 42 77 Tasmanian Baptist Missionary Society…………. – 1- – – 1 1 3- – 4 114 336 __ __ Victorian Baptist Foreign Mission…………….. 1883 4 – 800 26 1- 1 5 11 3 17 20 3_ – 53 800 *3,000 ~83+ 1 -~~ r-~—T—r–~–T—~~—+—~—-':—-:–~–~—+–~—-+—-T—-~ ~ Totals, 6 Australasian Societies……………….. – 10 2 1- 7 14 32 9 75 84 10 151 6 64 929 964 3,394 36 1,426 454 British Societies Baptist Missionary Society f…………………. 1794 67 2 5 6 60 5 143 39 1,016 1,055 38 118 *52 1,158 9,572 9,572 -*35,000 320 11,020 9,373 Bntish and Foreign Bible Society…………….. 1807 4- – 2 6- 12 _ • 535 535 6 Central Asian Mission…………. …………… 1902 1- – 2 1- 4_ 3 3 1 Ceylon and India General Mission……………. 1893 – 20 – – 12 5 7 24 – 52 52 1 11 7 21 Children's Special Service Mission…………….. – – – – 1- – 1_ 4 4 1 1114 196 335 22 512 39 Christian Literature Society for India…………. 1858 2 – – 1 – 3 6 _ 191 191 2 739 Christian Missions in Many Lands·………….. 1836 – – – 55 43 36 134 29 – 85 85 67 12 78 1,244 1,244 5,710 10 233 128 19 9 27 132 88 432 223 177,816 Church Missionary Society………………….. 1813 159 – 13 – – 140 153 178 3,288 3,466 47 – 8 – 8 – 1,151 45,468 158,869 8- 3- 52,215 Church of England Zenana Missionary Society…. 1880 – 3 16 – 849 849 18 11 *14,000 Church of Scotland Foreign AMssis~sci.onfo Comm ittee… 4 6 2 – 7 54 12 Church of Scotland Women's r For. Miss.. 1829 22 – – 41 47 13 315 328 8- 8- 187 2,698 12,183 153 9,208 1,732 1837 – _ 201 201 EdinburJrb Medical Missionary Society…………. 1885 1 1- – 1- 3_ – _ 1 English "National Council, Y. M. C. A., For. Dept. – – – – 3 1- 4_ – _ 2 For. Mission, Presbyterian Church of Ireland o. • .• 1840 15 1 4 5 17 13 55 5 462 467 14 54 25 119 1,131 4,237 5,197 100 4,381 1,970 For. Miss. Com., Presbyterian Church of England.. 1862 1 2- 2 2 2 9 – 5 5 2 1 *56 Friends' Foreign Mission As80ciation………….. 1866 – 7 14 30 1 1 8 6 12 28 – 97 97 8 5 8 14 .~ 173 10 173 1,118 Kurku and Central Indian Hill Miuion……….. 1890 – 8 9 7 24 1 24 25 6 2 33 1,947 297 – – 1 1 – – _ 1 20 175 277 550 9 Lakher Pioneer Mission ……………………. lj05 – – – 2 – 387 40 London Missionary Society………………….. 1817 55 5 3 2 52 36 153 43 1,991 2,034 30 820 1,291 14,175 "14,175 110,065 602 21,996 15,758 Ludhiana Zenana and Medical Mission………… 18"79 – – 2 – – 10 12 – 17 17 3 1 Missionar:!, Settlement for UniverSity Women….. 1895 – – – – – 4 4 – – _ 1 National Bible Society of Scotland……………. – – – – – – – _ _ '~35 235 _ North India Industrial Home for Christian Blind.. 1887 – – 2 3_ 1 1 1 1- – 9 *30 53 58 *60 3 O:dord Mission to Calcutta………………….. 1880 10 – 1 4- 10 25 – – _ 5 Regions Beyond Missionar), Union…………….. 1901 5- – – Repr. Coun. Epis. Ch. in Scotland For. Miss. Board 1871 4 5 14 – 16 16 4 11 4 22 22 150 9 2- – – 1 2 5_ 20 20 1 4 1 Scottish Mission' Industries Co., Ltd………….. 1903 – – _ 2 Scottish Nat'l Council, Y. M. C. A., For. Miss. Dept. – – – – – 3 1- 4- – – 2 1 3- – _ 1 Society for the Propagation of Gospel"……….. 1814 96 1 8 4 16 72 197 136 1,682 1,818 42 77 234 2,128 38,865 100,068 114,879 777 32,562 24,723 South Indian Strict Baptist Missionary Society….. 1860 4 – – 1 4 1 10 4 65 69 4 28 Strict Baptist Mission ………………………. 1860 3 – – – 2 6- 2 4 71 768 1,500 2,850 32 889 "'827 1872 56 17 11 16 1 44 44 14 2 56 ., '*-200 United Free Church of Scotland's For. rM. Missi.ssC. oCmo.m' .. 1872 1 – – 46 29 101 10 56 16 750 545 United Orig. Secess. Ch., Scotland's Fo 1840 1 – 1 60 193 13 1,391 1,404 1 16 3 – 4 1 4 1 18 19 6 36 350 3,738 9,307 10,622 120 8,352 4,959 1817 76 – – 14 15 312 10 73 157 169 Welsh Calvinistic Methodists Foreign Mission…… 1896 – – 8 57 6 37' 21 485 506 44 377 5 186 – – 10 827 9,316 25,114 28,437 Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society ,…….. .. 45 190 42 1,944 1,986 360 520 15,525 215,525 46,938 354 21,290 8,684 534 19,765 9,572 Y. W. C. A., British National Foreign Department. 15 15 – – _ Zenana Bible and Medical Mission…………….. 1852 _- ~–~ _~_-_-L__1~ 0 __-~___- __~__14_0___1_50____- ____2_56____25_6___~ 25 ___1_5+-__~____~_____ ~ _____+___________________ Totals, 37 British Societies…………………… – 596 50 86 169 500 772 2,160 496 15,292 15,788 638 2,074 753 7,964 143,227 352,758 554,170 3,097 133,538 I 130,86.5 Ceylon Societies JaHna Student Foreign Missionary Society……… 1900 – – – – – – – 2 – 2_ 1- – – – _ 2 _ 160 Jaffna Women's Foreign Missionary Society…….. 1900 — – – – – – – _ 1 1 __ 1- – – – – _ __ 167 ___ Totals, :I Ceylon Societies……………………. r– ~—~–~- —- +— ~—~—~–~- –~2~~–1-7–3 ~-_–~-2-~– -~— –~– —'~—–~~–7Z—~_:– 327- Conti.ental Societies Evangelisch-Lutherische Mission zu Leipsic.8•••••• 1706 34 1 32 17 83 17 60S 622 31 209 237 437 9,671 21,162 21,295 14,263 Evallgelische Missionsgesellschaft zu Basel .••••••• 1834 60 24 67 11 164 Evangeliska Fosterlands·Stiftelsen ••••••••••••••••• 1878 17 2 18 57 26 841 867 25 114 87 459 9,964 17,767 18,206 52 2,537 7,857 4 18 6 28 Danske Missionsselskab ……………………. . 1863 13 2 9 103 103 11 11 653 -1,241 *2,500 8 543 85 1 6 92 Gossnersche Missionsgesellschaft ••..•••••.•..•••• 1842 44 6 36 2 1 79 80 8 14 8 455 1,139 *1,550 8 347 1,964 1 1 LOve'i'thals Mission ……………………….. . 1872 1 19 335 354 57 460 382 25,642 70,865 91,771 443 7,114 7,291 10 2 26 5 5 1 L. P. Larsen Missionary Society•••••••.••••…•••• 1 14 4 39 – – 1 20 Missionsanstalt zu Hermannsburg ••.•••••••••••••• 1866 13 37 187 1 2 157 159 10 37 47 93 2,680 3,392 4,392 207 Schleswig·Holsteinische Missions~esellschaft ••••••• 1877 20 240 240 9 44 South German Young Men's Chnstian Association•• 64 493 237 2,274 9,172 12,577 5 460 500 – – 1 –1– Totals, 10 Continental Societies•••••••••••••••••••• 203 6 65 2,365 2,430 154 878 772 1,226 51,339 125,278 152,311 516 11,001 32,167 * From the World Atlas af Christian Missions, Student Volunteer Movement, 1910. • Church statistics reported by only seven missions. • Includes data for the Jungle Tribes Mission formerly conducted by the INDIA Presbyterian Church in Ireland. 10 Church-members in good standing. • Includes data for the Woman's Society. 11 It has not been possiole to be certain that this data includes no work • No report for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicants. for whites. • Not reported. IS Includes a government school grant. • Rev. and Mrs. D. H. Lee are missionaries of the Methodist Episcopal .. Includes data of the Swedish Diocese, which is a mission of the Church{ but are reported with the Lee Memorial Bengali Mission. Svenska Kyrkans Mission. • Inc udes data for the Baptist Zenana Mission. • Colporteurs under the direct supervision of the Bible Society.

– – – – – – – – – • Includes six publishing branches and thirty-five sales depots. * Estimate. Except in column 18, all estimates are from the societies. THE AND EVANGELlSTIC WORK j DATE FOREIGN NATIVE W<;>RKERS CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY AND CONTRIBUTIONS a ~t I . £ . . COUNTRIES .AND SOCIETIES Physicians ·1 rn ______________________________________________ rJ …. -~_;'~~=:t~C:}"h~gaE-~-~~7_i~.1i1.~s.~.:r..:~..~.!~~=~.·Fi~~~-l~0at";'7,~.5C~~~~-+~0.]Z..~~~.~~~~"~;·".P"'c~rd-ISc5E~E"&"u.i~~~.~~~'.l.i'.~;.O]E5-.I~.I.~) ~~O-~"l~o;o0":·~z~~.EES~. "~~,,1f"t '~::"w~~~.~g_~..N:~O;~":..e0-~gba:n5S~~~:~.~§<~v-tf.ii5Elt-~) –~~°"~8!0;:~~:Ss"l.~~6£b4~~~j.~GJ ~~~~'~-z~~0.~!.·!1~58":.~~i,3~–~~o'-z~.~t..OC…s.~r~…m ~U=~:a~~~~]o'·.~v~5~.~~~jo.c~~§.:="ts~":i~Q-.:;~=>~<ti~i~o4~~~~~1"~.~".u,c.'..:.~-.~~~~rlg_-~J.~~'-.J:~~~~ta~t~QI.l~~~:~tf.~i~t ~o ~·•"~u_f§.~,i:.,c:.,~.:,39.=g~i~– ,.>~~.~.".O:..~~'..!~E~~.l~:~l "."'.o"~-o~'-5;Ir.=ga_:_.__~"~"~~_•~~.,oa._,_'.U,:._=.~·!~.§~g~.'5J~;o:~cai~~:= 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 India Societies 1- – – I -I 1 _2 1 Indian Christian Endeavor Union ••….•……•… 1897 1 India Sunday·school Union…………………… 1876 1- – – – 1- -, _ _ Indian Home Mission to the Santhals………….. 1867 6 — – 3 =4 I, =-_2 15 5 258 263 5 25 -7 3- 3- 14,9_90 *30,0_00 3_ – a_ National Council, Y. M. C. A. of India and Ceylon. 1889 – – – 8 , 8 — 21 21 8 72 _ 61,010 – – National Y. W. C. A. of India, Burma, and Ceylon. 1896 – – – – — – 10 10 _ 131 – __ __ _ _ __ _ 36,728 Totals, 5 India Societies……………………… ~~- ~—-~8 —-7—-~–~-11-~I~~4-.-: –2—~25—–5 –~2~91—-2-9~~–71_5–_2,28–~–7 —– _.—_—_14.,9-9-0—3-0-,0~0-0 —-_._—-_ –~97_,_73_8 International Societies China Inland Mission …………………….•.. 1875 1- – – 81.1 — 2- 1 1 1- 1 5"5 20 1_60 Mission der Briidergemeine …….•…………… 1853 8- — 1 4 21 – 24 24 5 3 6 — 56 125 2 37 30 Salvation Army……………………………. 1882 – 4- 66 44 I 36 150 — 1,901 1,901 23 2,424 – – – _ 411 10,332 :– –~–9~—4,~-~- –~-67—.53r-j –40.–1-73-~— -~-1,-92-~~-1-,9-2-6 —-~~_T-~—-~—-~—_7—-+_—.-~-~—- . Totals, 3 International Societies………………. 29 2,427 7 – 61 130 180 413 10,369 30 Independent Societies Bengal Evangelistic Mission ………………… 1889 _24 _25 Industrial and Evangelistic Mission of India…….. 1880 3- – – 2 4 9- 3 North India School of Medicine lor Christian Women 189t – 3- — 2 5 — _ _ 1 – 2 24 24 5 2 Poona and Indian Village Mission……………. 18S, – _. 1 9 7 ·20 37 – 20 21 1 11 5 24 24 47 23 1,175 – _ 1 8 Strict Baptist Mission, South India…………… 1880 1- – – 1- 2 1 2 105 105 285 5 130 23 Tehri Border Village Mission………………… – 1- – — 1- 2- ,~–~—.~–~—.—,—-;~~–.~—~—-~–~–~—-~–7_–~—-_+—–~——~–~–___~_____ i Totals, 6 Independent Societies……………….. – 332 I 28 1,305 5- 4 9 11 26 55 2 68 70 11 15 13 2 129 129 23 i Indigeneous Societies Boys' Christian Home Mission …….. :…………. 1900 – — – 5 2 i1 3 10 -i 20 20 3 2 51 222 Chtnsurah and Hooghly Zenana MIssIOn……….. 1875 __ _. _ _ 1 GInoddiaavnarMi iBSSaIpOtinsatrySwSoadcieesthya oSfuvTairntanveyvapealklya ..S.o..c.i.e.t.y… 11898038 -_ -_ _, 1 1 56 Jungle Tribes Mission……………………….. 1891 _ -_ -_ _ = Ii.' -= -= 201 2231 1 8 Keskar's Christian Mission at Cholapur………… 1899 – – 110 MMaudkrtai sMTaimssilioMni.s..s.i.o..n……………………………………………….. _ _ 152254526~ 1252~6r6iO 29 14 7 55 167 906 113 National Missionary Society of India………….. 1-896 — -1 1 "8 13 St. Thomas Syrian Christian Evangelistic Association 1905 – – – _ – I' – – 1 2 1 2 1,248 60 1,956 South Travancore Native Evangelistic Society…… 1891 – _ 125 103 Tinnevelly Children's Mission ….•……………. 1901 – – -=2 1," -_~5 -_~9 =_1 1 1 10 620 1,248 4 293 '- 1891 – – -35-,4-5-2 7 360 1,530 7 1,377 Totals, 12 Indigenous Societies ………………. — -1 2 *SOO 20 2,167 – – 6 9 2,170 1,800 2,381 4 658 6,395 Grand Totals for India, 120 Societies•••.•………. _ _ -52-2-,3-4-9 55 230 —- -1,-3-5-8 –35-8 15 25 454 36 154 _ _ nil- t – — -10-,-87-2 2,558 4 10,895 – – -, – – 9 9 4-2-2-,1-3-~ -57-3-,4-5-4 – – 4 _ 4 4 4 – 1 30 5 320 —3-2-5..;..—-6-'1—-6-7'- 42 3,749 6,109 -1-1-5 -16-3 1,279. ,.17 4,'6,35' 1,270 34,084 35,354 1,2136[110,217 -4,-08-8 9-1-6-,7-7-3· -1,-47-1-,7-2-7 CEYLON American Societies t~1' , = = 396 409 t"~ = – – – 4;418 . c' FAFoomrr..erDiDceeappntt..,B, For. Mis …… " 3 ,II ld, :Ii 12Jl' 1;973' 11,973 72~ 3,818 8,758 oard of Commissions for .YA. .,MU. .CS'.AA…… 1816 3 1 ! . 2 1 4! 19 INanttei ornnatalioBnoala rC,doYm.mWitt.ee 11899~6~ — – -_ -1 It,,' '1= -_ _ – .j 1 _ -_ -_ -_ _ _ _ Trustees of Jaffna College Func!s. '…….•……… :_1_8Z_'~-;-___i–_ _i_—-+-.'__.-_Z-i-'-'___:____J .~~.,______:,—_'.-.-.–+–t-i——-~_;..'——_i_-'·-_~–i—-.–~-_-_- ~,,–__-'_-_~-_=;e—.. _ 1'—– .~-, -f-'-~~- Totals, 4 American Societies •…•.••…………. – 4 1 2 4 3 5 18 13 396 409 9 23 19 121 1,973 1,973 4,418 72 3,818 8,758 British Societies Baptist Missionary Society •……•..••………… 1812 4 2 63 69 20 110 130 2 55 *19 48 1,057 1,057 *4,200 123 1,575 8- British and Foreign Bible Society .•.••…………. 1810 1 Children's Special Service Mission .•…………… 1 2 '91 91 Christian Literature Society for India…………. . 1858 1 1 1 1 Christian Missions in Many Lands ……………. . 1 '1~ 2- 45 45 1 4 2 – – – 1 Church Missionary Society………………….. . 1818 20 62 21 760 781 9 28 30 70 2 a9_0 8,309 23 23 3 – 3 – 6162 11,613 Church of England Zenana Missionary Society …. . 18f·9 4,158 11,272 8- Friends' Foreign Mission Association ………….. . 1896 8 8 — 28 28 2 Indian Christian Realm Mission ……………… . 1903 2 12 – 56 56 4 16 129 22 895 292 1 3 – 27 27 1,650 63 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. …….. . 1840 4 4 109 111 2 16 16 285 512 982 2,846 16 220 20 2 854 904 5 24,005 1,592 'Vesleyan Methodist Missionary Society 7 ••••••••••• 1814 22 2 2 10 2 56 50 – – 4 9 43 802 2,803 29 3,850 4,676 2 -, Y. W. C. A., British National Foreign Department. IM7 14 213 325 112 7,437 7,437 337 17,137 1 ..—!—…;—-;..—-7—-+—.;—-~,- —-7—+—!–~–_+—;–~—_;_—-;:__—-;:—–i—-.— Totals, 12 British Societies ….•…..•…………. 50 2 15 36 119 222 93 2,081 2,174 55 309 369 659 13,994 23,581 44,513 529 23,767 14,932 Ceylon Societies Colombo Industrial School. ..••……………….. 1896 20 21 *300 *300 *1,000 2,287 Henaratgoda Village Mission ………………… . 1895 300 300 1,000 2,287 National Council, Y. M. C. A. of India and Ceylon .. 1896 18 18 ~ otals, 3 Ceylon Societies ..•…………………. 6 6 5 44 45 Continental Society Evangelisch·Lutherische Mission zu Leipsic s. . . . . .. 1903 20 2 90 205 205 50 International Society Salvation Army 1882 8 5 18 157 157 128 Indigenous Society Jaffna Native Evangelical Society …………….. . 1832 2 3 3- 1 31 42 60 4 250 674 Grand Totals for Ceylon, 21 Societies …..••••…..• 62 4 19 44 134 263 109 2,680 2,789 – – 1 – – —-~ 69 483 388 783 16,388 26,101 50,196 606 27,885 26,651 .. Federates denominational Sunday·school work. No independent statistics. • Colporteurs under the immediate supervision ·of the Bible Society. • Sales depots. CEYLON 6 Net increase. 1 No report for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicants. 7 Includes data for Women's Society. 2 Includes data for the Baptist Zenana Missionary Society. 8 Partial data of the Swedish Diocese, which is a mission of the Svenska – – – – -3 -No-t reported. Kyrkans Mission. * Estimate. Except in column 18, all esti111ates are from the societies.

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS ASIA-INDIA mony as exists between caste and noncaste Hindus, and intensify any Christian Progress in India surviving social bitterness between them. T HE growth of Christianity in the T India's Foe-Alcohol . last decades is shown by the fol- HE secretary of the United lowing remarkable figures: 1881, Council on Work Among Young 1,862,634; 1891,2,284,380; 1901, 2,- People in India, in discussing the 923,241; 19 11 ,3,876,196. question, "What has a convert to Christianity a right to expect of the Of the present total more than two Christian Church in the matter of the and one-third millions are to be use of alcoholic drinks?" calls atfound in southern India, where there tention to the fact that the use of are Christian colonies planted in the intoxicants in India is enormously early centuries of the faith, and where increasing. The harm done to India's considerable accessions by conversion manhood by alcoholic drinks is great. have been reported in recent years. Thousands are annually added to the There have been striking increases list of drunkards, from among those in the Panjab and the United Prov- ""ho are "moderate" drinkers. The inces, the combined figures being Church should unwaveringly and un- 379,445, as against I6g,546 ten years compromisingly teach that the use of ago. In the two Bengals and their alcoholic beverages is an unmixed evil. States the number of Christians has Only total abstainers should be orrisen from 315,198 to 464,573, while dained and tolerated as ministers of in Hyderabad an advance from 23,- the Gospel. No person's name should 000 to over 54,000 is reported. In be allowed to remain upon the registhe Native States, as a whole, the ter of the Church who is guilty of advance has been relatively greater using liquor to excess, nor should he than in British districts. be taken back into membership until he had shown that he was free from A Hindu Condemns Hinduism the habit.

T HE Christian Patriot, of Madras, T What is Hinduism? published a very interesting letter HE Leader, of Allahabad, recentrecently addrest by Mr. Justice San- ly published the replies of more karan Nair to Mrs. Annie Besant, or less representative Hindus to the who desired him to endorse a move- question, "What is Hinduism, and ment to establish a Hindu university. what is essential in it?" One, an Altho the responsible educational au- authority in himself, said, "A Hindu thorities under the government of In- is one born in India, whose parents, dia have sanctioned the project .of as far as people can remember, were the noted theosophist, and a public not foreigners, and did not profess official might therefore have been a foreign religion like Mohammeexpected to give at least nominal ap-' danism or Christianity or Judaism, proval to the proposition, the justice, and who himself has not embraced notwithstanding he is himself a Brah- one of those religions." man of high degree, totally discountenances all thought of a sectarian Another intelIigent writer said, school for the propagation of Hindu- "There are no dogmas in Hinduism. ism. He says that any revival of the You may believe in any doctrine you teachings of the Hindu sacred books can only tend to destroy such har-

choose, even in atheism, without ceas- harmonious, and full of promise in ing to be a Hindu." view of the new chapter in Indian history recently opened by the Sov- A third writer stated, "Hinduism ereigns at Delhi. The national awais adherence to certain practises im- kening in India is, of course, the direct peratively demanded and prescribed result of British rule and of faithful by it." missionary service.

The last answer comes near to the American United Presbyterian Mission root of the matter, for "practise" founded on caste is the stronghold of IN 1855 the American United Pres- Hinduism. Tho Hinduism holds to byterian Mission in India was comthe theory of "maya," viz., that menced with one missionary and his things are not what they seem, and wife, in the northern part of the Panthat the external aspect of the world jab, and it has grown under the and human life is only an illusion, Lord's blessing until there are 22 men yet the practises of social and so- and 34 women missionaries from called religious life (chief among America, 34 native ordained ministhem caste) are its very center. With ters, and 395 native lay workers. the falling of caste Hinduism will There are 43 organized congregaquickly surrender to the attack of tions, and 24,352 members, while the the messengers of the Gospel. Christian community numbers 46,451. The 181 Sunday-schools contain 8,30 Efficient Service of Bible Women pupils, and 201 day schools have 11,- 003 scholars. NOT enough is thought and. said about one of the most important The work among the Chuhras, one and valuable of Christian native of the deprest classes, is especially agencies in India. A splendid, 1.!nseen flourishing. Dr. Martin saw the opporwork is being carried on incessantly, tunity and heard the call. Unreserdevotedly and indefatigably just now vedly he committed himself to the by hundreds of native Hindu Bible evangelization of the whole Chuhra women. Their lives are obscure. class. He employed the best agents, Their efforts are not trumpeted, and pushed education, and trained boys to they have no thought of commenda- teach others, raised up teachers and tion or praise. But they are doing preachers from among them, and what no other workers could even started a theological school. Thus he attempt. They gain access to the gathered the Chuhras, baptizing four women of every class and caste. or five hundred a year. When he died Many of them are wives of village in 19IO, a canvass of the rolls of the readers living in the little scattered districts in which he labored, showed rest houses. These are in contact, that he baptized in all 7,200 Chuhras. in an intimate manner, with the na- Thus the Lord blest the work. tives, in a degree impossible to foreign agents. They are especial fa- The Basel Mission vorites of the low-caste folks and the wretched pariahs, and among these T HIS German Mission works in they succeed in the work of teach- Malabar, South Canara, in the ing inquirers and new converts.- southern Maratha country, the Nilgi- Homiletic Review. ris and Coorg, and uses three lan- guages besides several spoken by The Indian Native Congress aboriginal tribes. The first mission- aries, including the famous Hebich, SEVEN thousand educated Indians, came to India in 1834, but the society, including 1,000 delegates from a restricted at first to providing misdistance, met at Calcutta recently to sionaries for the C. M. S. and other discuss Indian affairs. The proceed- societies, was founded in the year ings opened "with prayer, and with the of the battle of Waterloo, and prepasinging of a national song," were very

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

rations are already in view for cele- of the missionaries called them the brating the hundredth anniversary of most refreshing which he ever attend- 1815. In Malabar every church-mem- ed in China. Why? because Dr. Yang ber will be expected to make a con- is a man of faith and prayer, and he tribution of coins of whatever de- preaches "Christ crucified." nomination. This suggests the remark that the Christians of this mis- The Chinese Character sion, who now number, communicants and others, 18,602, are making re- AS" the late. Sir Robert Hart said: markable progress in liberality. . The Chmese are well behaved, law-abiding, intelligent, economical, Mission Schools in Ceylon and industrious. They can learn any- thing and do anything. They are T HE American COtlgregational punctiliously polite, they worship Mission in Ceylon has a system talent, and they believe in right so of 124 village schools, with 16,000 firmly that they scorn to think it rechildren in attendance. For the sup- quires to be supported or enforced port of these schools the home board by might. These qualities are not gives $570, the government appropri- simply to be found in isolated cases, ating yearly $14,000 for all expenses but are characteristic of the race as save religious instruction and the a whole." China's agricultural wealth upkeep of school buildings. But as may be estimated from the fact that the $4.50 per school appropriated by it sustains a population five times the board is hardly sufficient to pay as great as the United States upon the expenses of the religious instruc- a smaller area. The people of China tion, the school buildings themselves furnish the largest potential asset of are in pressing need of renewal. Two skilled and cheap labor of any nahundred doIlars would, on an aver- tion in the world. age, replace and equip each of these mud schools with a substitute one Traveling Then and Now of coral. A MISSIONARY writes: A new CHINA epoch has dawned in travel- ing in this part of China. We are o A Chinese Moody leaving the old and embracing the R. YANG'S parents and grand- new. We used to ride almost exclu- _ parents were Christians. He him- sively behind the "wooden-headed" self was brought up in the Methodist mule, but now the iron horse is slow- Episcopal Church and educated in the ly but surely displacing the mule on Methodist Episcopal institutions. He the great highways of North China. practised foreign medicine in an inter- The "Peking" cart has a far-away and ior city and made money, but his suc- classic sound, but as an instrument of cess gave him a proud heart, so that he torture for tired bodies and broken became cold toward God and man, and nerves it is not lightly to be dismissed; was only a nominal Christian. Then the comfortless and springless, it has held spirit of God showed him the evil in- its place for many hundreds of years fluence which he exerted, and a desire over the roads of North China. The to study the Bible was created within "patient" mule has dragged it through him. He read it morning, noon and myriads of morasses in the shape of night, until he was convicted, then con- mud roads, and over ages of rocky verted. He gave up his practise of roads, but in some places, at least, the medicine and became a teacher of the end is in sight. Bible. Like Moody, he is really a man of one book. He is now employed Passing of Chinese Idols by the Bible Study Committee to organize Bible study work throughout T HE idols of China are suffering the country. A short time ago he held from increasing neglect on the a series of meetings at Kashing. One part of the population. A writer in the Assembly Herald remarks: "The

shrewd, matter-of-fact, materialistic furloughs, two of which were spent Chinese peasant, prest for the next in England and one in the United meal, entertains no great respect for States.

ldols upon whom he spent hard-earned Miaaionary Conference at Swatow cash in offerings, but from whom he gets no help in his day of need. Nor I N spite of the rebellion in China, in these days of piping peace does it the missionaries of the South conduce to his awe of their power to China Baptist Mission held their ansee them, as one can now see them in nual conference at Swatow from Deevery section, fallen over against the cember 13th to 16th. The seven wall, with an arm or leg or sword central stations were represented, and gone. Often one sees the Buddhas, matters of great importance were dewith their sickly-placid smiles, dumped cided. The question of union in into a corner, helpless; or a hideous educational work with the English war-god, lying prone on his face and Presbyterian Mission in Swatow was broken like Dagon, with none so poor transferred to a special committee for to do him reverence. further consideration.

Educational work among the Hak- Dr. Griffith John kas will be undertaken in connection with the Southern Baptist Mission A FTER more than half a century in Canton, and a committee was ap- in the service of the L. M. S. pointed to lay before the Home in China, Dr. Griffith John has re- Board the facts concerning the large turned to his native land. A gray- emigration of the Swatow Chinese haired veteran, for he is now in his to Hongkong, Annam, Straits Settleeighty-first year, he is completely bro- ments, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and ken in health. Dr. John was born above all, to Siam, which calls for in Swansea, in r83 I, and was early the speedy sending out of missionconverted. He preached his first aries among these emigrants in their sermon at a small prayer-meeting in new homes. Strong action was taken a private house, when he was four- looking toward the opening of new teen years old. In 1855, when he stations in the unoccupied territory and his wife sailed for Shanghai, the to the west and northwest, which criticism was made that children were would form a link between the now sent to convert the Chinese. But Southern Baptists at Ying Tak and the "child" Griffith John grew into the China Inland Mission in southern a strong man who has founded more Kiang-si. than one hundred mission stations and has planted scores of churches. JAPAN From Shanghai he penetrated. the How a Japanese Was Converted A country in every direction, tho Han- JAPANESE Christian tells how he was won to Jesus: "A miskow became the center of his activi- ties. There he founded a hospital, sionary lady got 25 Japanese boys a high-school, a normal school, a di- into a class to tell us of Jesus. We vinity school for the training of na- had great curiosity to see this foreign tive evangelists, and a medical school. lady, and not caring about Jesus, we He has been indefatigable as a trans- did care to see how everything looked lator, having acquired an admirable -her dress, her books, her furniture, knowledge of the written and spo- her pictures. But every time she ken language of the people among would have us read the Bible. We whom he worked. He was also in- had the Gospel of Luke. We read strumental in establishing the great till we came to the crucifixion. She Central China Religious Tract So- could not speak Japanese; she had an ciety. English Bible, we had a Bible in J ap- Ee has spent only five years out anese language. When we read the of China since 1855; has had three story of the Cross, she got down on

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

her knees and prayed for us. vVe The Presbyterian Host in Korea could not understand what she prayed, but we watched her close. Soon she T HE Korean Presbyterian Church began to cry. Then she fell on her is alert. In a membership of face, weeping bitterly. Then 25 Jap- 36,074, there are 6,308 men and women who serve the Lord as elders, anese boys cry, too. Then inside of deacons, leaders of tens, class leaders, three weeks, all us 25 boys give our Sabbath-school teachers, and in varihearts to Jesus." ous other ways, entirely at their own charges. There are only 78 organ- KOREA ized churches, but r,059 groups- churches to be-some of them with What God Is Doing in Pyeng Yang congregations of 400. Special classes for Bible study, lasting four days T HE station at Pyeng Yang was each or more, and including some established in 1895, a little more Bible institutes of a month, enrolled than sixteen years ago. It contains during the year ending September to-day about 6,000 Presbyterians 1st, 54,587 persons. and Methodists, and the Christian constituency is 10 per cent. of the The total number of adherents, total population. In the territory catechumens and members of the enaround Pyeng Yang, 27,720 more tire Presbyterian Church is only 108,- Christians are found, and they all 970. The gifts last year amounted aided during the past year the for- to $8I,309.I7 gold. If we estimate the eign missionaries and the seven or- ration of income between the churchdained pastors, the 57 evangelists, the membership in Korea and in the 63 women helpers, the 10 Bible col- United States as one to ten, the toporteurs, and the 1,700 Sunday-school tal contribution per communicant is teachers of the native force in mis- equivalent to $22.50. sionary effort. Thus it does not seem remarkable that the baptized num- Six thousand, eight hundred and bered 2,417 between October I, 1910, twenty-three adults were received on and September 30, I9II, while 3,854 confession of faith last year, and 14,- catechumens were received. In the 757 catechumens, or those under in- Bible institutes and Bible classes in struction preparatory to full mem- Pyeng Yang, 1,219 men and 981 bership. women received instruction, and they in turn instructed 12,163 men and One of the newest stations is at 6,369 women in country classes. In An Dong. First Christian service the 186 primary schools, 2,950 boys was held at An Dong in a book-store and 815 girls were taught by 296 -August, 1909, seven believers. On tellchers, while in the academies 316 the second anniversary, 220 enrolled boys and 140 girls attended under members. Seventy-three were exam- 25 teachers. The college had 49 ined for church-membership, the oldstudents this year, and a new build- est a woman of 73, the youngest a ing has been erected for them and girl of 8. for the boys of the academy. The theological seminary had 134 stu- Conditions in Formosa dents, and the graduating class had 16 members. The Christians of Pyeng T HE Japanese Government, SInce Yang territory contributed $29,524 the cession of Formosa to it by to the support and the extension of China sixteen years ago, has rendered the Church, and Koreans receive only life and property secure, built railabout one-eighth of what an Ameri- roads and other roads, and has so can earns per day. developed the country at large that it is self-supporting. The camphor Truly, the Lord is doing wonderful and opium industries are government things among and through the Ko- monopolies, but the use of opium is rean Christians. being discouraged and has decreased, so that its complete abolition is only a

question of time. The sugar indus- The country roads are infested by try is under severe restrictions, but bands of robbers, so that trade is the production is much larger than almost at a standstill. At Yezd, in the days of Chinese rule. Public which was recently a prey to looters, schools are being established among the supply of wheat from Shiraz has the Formosans, with Japanese teach- stopt, and bread is very scarce. The ers in charge, and the Japanese lan- roads are forsaken, the horses unguage is spreading rapidly. The re- derfed, and the people everywhere lations between the Japanese adminis- are starving. Add to these miseries tration and the people at large are the unhappy foreign. relations of constantly improving, tho there are Persia with Russia and Great Britain few Formosans in official positions at and one may well pity the Persian present. Government and people.

The mass of the Formosan people The Beirut Theological Seminary is still firmly held in the bonds of superstition and demonolatry. Thus, T HE Syria Mission (Presbyterian) the Canadian Presbyterian Mission, announces the reorganization of founded in I872 by the famous G. L. its theological seminary in Beirut 011 Mackay, in the north, and the Eng- an interdenominational basis. Inlish Presbyterian Mission, commenced struction will be chiefly in Arabic, in 1865, in the south, have done most and the course will cover three years. excellent work along evangelistic, English, Hebrew and Greek will be educational, and medical lines. They added to the regular courses in thehave gathered about I2,000 church- ology, history, geography, etc. Rev. members, and have 160 churches. But F. E. Hoskins, D.D., will be presithe wild savages of the eastern part dent, and the faculty will contain of the island are not yet reached. Messrs. Hardin, March and Ford as Of the 80,000 Japanese now in the other American members, with Mr. island, only 700 are connected with Ibrahim Haurani and .other Syrian the five Presbyterian and two Epis- scholars. A new building for the copal churches. While this number seminary will be erected at Beirut, of Christians is much greater in pro- and a class will begin in 1912. The portion to popUlation than that in Syrian Protestant College has prom- Japan itself, it is mainly due to the ised cooperation, and the opening of influx of Christians from Japan and the various departments of instrucnot to work done among the J apa- tion, of the library, and of the munese in Formosa. There is, there- seum to the students of the seminary. fore, urgent need of increased missionary activity among the Japanese A Call from Euphrates Colle&e in Formosa. The numerous members of the Kumi-ai churches are urging MANY Young Turks are utt~r1y the Japanese Home Missionary So- at sea in religion and morals. ciety, A. B. C. F. M., to enter the They and their associates from the field and open work, perhaps in Tai- Christian races have been educated hoku, the center. in European universities, where the religious influence was destructive, MOSLEM LANDS with the result that, as a rule, they are agnostic or atheistic in their Misgovernment in Persia opinions, and they have brought back loose moral ideas. Many openly scorn I N spite of the fact that Persia is the restraints which to us seem fun- now enjoying a democratic consti- damental. Truthfulness is despised, tution, misgovernment there was assassination is glorified, social purity probably never worse than at present. and the sanctity of the marriage re- Lawlessness is rife in the towns, and lation are ridiculed by men who are on December 1st the Governor of honored as leaders in the new life Fars was assassinated in Teheran. of the people.

WORLD··WIDE MISSIONARY

The future of Turkey undoubtedly Soon the sheik accepted Jesus as his depends on the education that future Lord and Savior. After his baptism leaders will receive. Euphrates Col- he returned to his village and began lege, at Harpoot, Asia Minor, is pre- to preach Christ immediately. Perse- paring to meet the needs of the mo- cution commenced. He was arraigned ment, but it must enlarge its facilities on a false charge, and imprisoned, and broaden its work before it can having boldly confest that his only meet the pressing demands. It needs crime was his faith in Christ. This funds for the purpose immediately. blest work goes on, a living proof • May its friends come to its aid. of the power of the surrendered life of the young man who caused him to What Mission Schools Are Doing become an inquirer.

AFTER a recent extensive tour AFRICA through the Orient, Secretary Patton, of the American Board, IHow the Dark Continent Was Peopled writes: "Mohammedanism can not N popular thought the Africans are long withstand the inroads of Chris- all negroes. But in reality the tian education and evangelistic effort. Dark Continent is a museum of races. Already our schools are drawing Mos- In the remote past, race after race lem pupils in goodly numbers. In the entered Africa from Arabia, and, heart of the Stamboul district of Con- driving the older invaders before stantinople stands the Gedik Pasha them, swept across the continent. school, conducted by our Woman's First were the bushmen, a diminutive Board. Never shall I forget walking copper-colored race of hunters. Land- into one of the rooms and finding 40 ing in the vicinity of Somaliland, they Turkish lads, the sons of Government wandered across the continent. officials and men of wealth. Straight- limbed, fine-featured, intelligent-look- The negro seems to have been the ing boys they were, and they hold the next important arrival. This power- future of Turkey in their hands. In ful black race pushed its way across other schools it is the same, especially Africa from east to west, until it in the colleges like Robert College, occupied all the country from Cape and the American Girls· College on the Verde to the Nile Valley. The bush- Bosporus, the Syrian Protestant Col- men turned their faces southward to lege at Beirut, and the institutions of avoid the inrush of negroes. the interior. In course of time Hamitic and Influence of a Spirit-filled Life Semitic tribes crossed the Isthmus of Suez or the Gulf of Aden into Af- A MISSIONARY of the C. M. S. rica, and gradually occupied the in Palestine tells a story which northern and northeastern regions. once more proves the power of a sur- rendered life in recommending the By intermarriage of negro and Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. A bushmen (and perhaps Hamite) the very wild and immoral young Mos- Hottentot race originated in the re- lem became a patient in the mission- gion north of the equatorial lakes. ary hospital. There he heard the Gos- At an unknown date these people, pel, and, by the grace of God, was driving their horned cattle before born again, a new creature in Christ them, emigrated southward, pushing and also completely changed in all his their way through the vast hunting- habits, he returned to his native vil- grounds of the fierce little bushmen, lage. So marked was the change that until they reached the southwestern it attracted the attention of the sheik coast. who immediately inquired after its cause. The reply which he received, After a lapse of centuries the bush- led him to visit the medical mission- men were again disturbed-this time ary, who preached Christ to him. by the powerful Bantu tribes. This hybrid people first appear north of the lakes, and may have originated

in the ingrafting of Hamitic and Gairdner and A. T. Upson in 1908. Semitic tribes upon a negro stock. The list is divided into three sec- A proud, imperial race they were, tions: ( I) Books specially for Mosand, disturbed in their original home, lems; (2) books for Jews; (3) books they swept over the southern half of for Christians. Africa. The conquest took centuries to accomplish, but gradually the Plans are being made for the speedy Bantu drove Bushman and Hottentot publication of suitable literature for alike into the southwest corner of women, and a "Directory of All the continent, and themselves occu- Workers Among Moslems, in All pied the mighty African peninsula. Lands" is under consideration. A" The L. M. S. work is among the small series of Arabic leaflets is be- Bantu people.-L. M. S. Chronicle. ing prepared in response to a special request from China. An Efficient Missionary Helper In its colportage work the Nile A NEW mission boat is to ply the Mission Press has entered upon a Nile. The American Mission plan of cooperation with the Church has purchased the Allegheny, at a Missionary Society, so that the Church cost of $5,00:). It will take the place Missionary Society takes the westof the Ibis, which has been used ern part of the Delta and the northfor many years. The new boat is ern provinces of Upper Egypt, the 74 feet long. It has a deck 60 feet Press takes the eastern part of the long, suitable for meetings, dining- Delta and the southern provinces of room, kitchen and bathroom. A barge Upper Egypt. The Press has five will be secured to tow with the boat, colporteurs who work hard, with to be used for a clinic and doctor's much opposition and amid great difoffice. Through the means of this ficulties. They are, however, meeting boat last year, the British and For- with encouraging success and greatly eign Bible Society distributed 28,0:)0 need funds to employ additional colcopies of the Bible or portions of porteurs and for a permanent and the same. d.dequate printing plant.

AFRICA-NORTH The Sudan Pioneer Mission The Nile Mission Press WHEN the Sudan Pioneer Mis- sion was founded in Germany T HE Nile Mission Press, founded in I905 for the twofold purpose in 1900, there were few who conof producing and circulating Chris- sidered aggressive missionary work tian literature among the people of among the Mohammedans feasible, Egypt and other countries, especially and many who took an active part in among Mohammedans, continues to its organization thought that it should do a great work. It has published simply prepare the way for future recently four more "KhutDas," writ- aggressive work in southern Egypt ten for Moslems by Sheik Abdullah and in the Sudan. Four years later with the aid of European mission- it was decided that the way was aries. The three addresses on per- open for aggressive missionary effort sonal purity which Dr. John Mott among Mohammedans, and the repdelivered to young men in Cairo dur- resentatives of the Sudan Pioneer ing his visit in March, I9II, have Mission began to work earnestly at been printed in Arabic and English, Assuan, which had been occupied and nearly one thousand copies were soon after the founding of the missold in the first two or three months sion. Darau was occupied in I907, after their publication. The Press and a third station, Edfu, in Novemhas issued a new edition of the Der, I9II. "Descriptive Guide to Books," which was brought out by Messrs. VI!. H. T. The missionaries of the Sudan Pi- oneer Mission are still the only mes- sengers of the Gospel among the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

large number of Mohammedans in him more of God's Word. But he Nubia, while in the Sudan they are hesitates and halts, when he sees in close cooperation with other so- others about to accept Christ, and cieties. Their work consists in his people approach him with compreaching, in medical missionary and plaints and fears concerning the in educational work, in visiting among spread of Christianity. the women, and in itinerant work in the surrounding villages. The t'oO Among Mohammedans in Togoland schools for girls at Assuan and Edfu have about 150 pupils, while all the I N Togoland, the German colony in evangelistic meetings are well at- Vest Africa, the number of Motended. The four Gospels have been hammedans has been increasing so translated into the Nubian language rapidly, and the danger of a spread (Kenuzi dialect), and are to be pub- of Islam has been so apparent during lished by the British and Foreign the past years, that the director of Bible Society, probably with Latin the North German Missionary Socharacters. Thus, after more than ciety, Dr. Schreiber, in his annual re- 1,000 years, the Nubian language is port for 1901, asked, "Shall the to be printed. The introduction of building of the minaret of a Mo- Latin letters, in place of the Arabic, hammedan mosque precede the erecmay counteract somewhat the use of tion of the tower of a Protestant the language of Islam, and thus break church in Lome?" Ten years later, the power of that religion. at the seventy-fifth anniversary of the society, we heard Dr. Schreiber The missionary force of the Sudan call attention to the danger threaten- Pioneer Mission consists of seven ing the heathen Erhe in Togoland European and five native workers, from the aggressive missionary spirit while four additional European la- of the Hausa traders, and said: "It borers are preparing to be sent out is our duty to pay attention to these in the autumn of this year. Mohammedans in Togoland." A few days later the executive committee of AFRICA-WEST the North German Society took ac- tion very quietly, and it instructed An Emir Almost Persuaded Missionary Funke, of Lome, then on furlough, to commence work among ONE of the earliest converts of the the Hausa in Lome immediately af- Church Missionary Society in ter his return to the field. About northern Nigeria, Mallam Fate, main- the middle of November Mr. Funke, tains himself by means of a sewing- therefore, quietly opened aggressive machine. Last fall the Emir of Kat- work among the Mohammedans in sina, a Hausa State, invited him to Lome. Thus an important forward his palace, and Fate worked his ma- step has been taken by this German chine daily in his presence, sur- society. The new work will strengthen rounded by princes and courtiers. the hands of the missionaries of the The faithful Christian daily spoke Basel Missionary Society, who are of his faith, and used his Arabic getting ready to enter North Togo- Bible diligently. He also visited the land and try to stem the tide of Momallams in the city, and he taught hammedanism sweeping in upon its some to read the Gospels in the heathen inhabitants. Hausa Roman character. When the Emir went on a five days' journey Islam on the Gold Coast he took Fate with him, saying, "I dare not leave you in the city lest DURING the days of the old heayou should convert others." But Fate then kings of Ashantiland few found many opportunities to speak of Christ, and now the Emir himself Mohammedans elared to settle in Kuhas become a diligent inquirer, and masi, but since the country has come frequently asks the Christian to tell under English rule, Mohammedans have come from the Sudan, from

Timbuctu and Sokoto, from Moroc- hitherto, selected Uhha as its new co, and multitudes of Mohammedan field of labor. It is located north- Hausas flood the country. These east of Ujiji, which is the most im- Hausas settle in quarters of their portant commercial center on the own, called Songos, wherever they eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika, come in large numbers. In Wankyi and is the endpoint of the future the Songo is larger in extent and German East Africa transcontinental population than the Ashanti town, railroad. Uhha is very fertile, pro- while four to six thousand Moham- ducing, beside tropical fruits of all medans inhabit the distinct quarter kinds, dates, rubber, coffee, cotton, of Kumasi. The Protestant societies oranges, and also almost all kinds on the Gold Coast Colony (the S. P. of European grain and vegetables.

G., the Basel Society, the Wesleyan Its inhabitants, the Waha, however, Methodists, and the American Bap- have shown hitherto much hostility tists) should pay especial attention to to the German Government, and have these followers of Islam, who un- a bad name on account of frequent doubtedly retard and endanger Chris- attacks upon caravans and upon ru- tian work for Africans. lers and tribes friendly to the Ger- AFRICA-EAST mans. The Neukirchen Missionary So- Extension in German East Africa ciety, whose laborers have been busy S TRETCHING from the coast of hitherto in British East Africa and the Indian Ocean to Lakes Tan- upon Java, have chosen as its new, ganyika and Nyasa, German East third field, U rundi, which is lo- Africa has an area of about 375,000 cated a little northeast from the square miles, and a popUlation of northern end of Lake Tanganyika about 7,000,000, of whom the ma- and not far from the borders of the jority are fetish worshipers. The Kongo Free State. It is south of Moravians, the Berlin, the Leipsic, Ruanda and Usumbura, where the and the German East Africa Mis- missionaries of the German East Af- sionary Societies, the Church Mis- rica Missionary Society are doing a sionary Society, and the Universities blest work. The first Neukirchen Mission have been diligently at work, missionaries are erecting the first yet much territory remained unoc- buildings in Iruvura under great difcupied. The Leipsic Society has, ficulties. therefore, decided to occupy new ter- Thus the great stretches of land ritory in the colony, while two other in German East Africa, where no German societies, Breklum and Neu- missionaries were located hitherto, are rapidly being taken up by the kirchen, will also enter. The Leipsic Missionary Society se- German societies, which are now reallected the Kilimanjaro region, and izing their special responsibility for two of its missionaries have occu- the German colonies.

pied Iramba. The new field is a AFRICA-SOUTH table-land with about 50,000 inhabit- A South African "Orient" ants, who are settled closely together.

T vVhile Roman Catholic missionaries HE next triennial conference of missionaries, representing all the have taken possession of Turu, which is south of Iramba, the regions of. agencies at work in South Africa, Iramba and of Isansu and Ijambi is to be held at Cape Town in are entirely unoccupied. The German July, and is to be made a very spe- Government is planning a railroad cial and memorable occasion. A mis- (Mpapua-Kilimatinde-Taboral) ,which sionary demonstration or exhibition will make the region easily accessible. on a very large scale is being or- The Breklum Missionary Society, ganized to show the place mis~ions which has had work in India only have occupied in the past of South

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 3II

Africa, and their intimate relation fered to any churches which wish to to the present situation and the pro- erect hostels in connection with the motion of harmony between whites college, and three important churches and blacks. Mr. J. Du Plessis, the have taken the first steps to this end.

historian of South African Christian The college, tho not giving formal missions, is organizing the exhibl- religious instruction, is to be Chris- tion, and Messrs. Thomas G. Howe tian in tone and character.

and F. Holderness Gale (who were Are Not "Rice Christians" actively interested in promoting The Orient in London) are cooperating. I N the Limpopo district, Portuguese The bioscope will play a very large East Africa, there are 10 native part in the demonstration at Cape workers-one third of the entire Town. A cinematograph operator number in this one district-who acis to be sent round the mission fields, cept no salaries, thus making a conand the films will be reproduced first tribution of about $600 a year toward hand in South Africa. native self-support in that one dis- trict.

Racialism in South Africa Dying Out Let Others Do Likewise BRITON and Boer are showing ad- T HE White Fathers, Catholic mis- mirable qualities in their way of sionaries on Lake Tanganyika, solving the difficult problem that con- have hit on a practical plan for fronts them in South Africa. Happi- checking the Mohammedan propaly the leading men are men guided by ganda which is carried on by Arab Christian principle, men who seem traders. They have trained the nato be honestly striving to apply the tives in trading, so that the needs of Sermon on the Mount to the demands the country are met by the inhabitof the situation. At a great congress ants, and Arab interlopers, with their of all parties recently held at Dloem- vices and their religion, are no longer fontein, General Botha (presiding) able to make a living there. exprest the hope that influences would Once a Savage, Now a Saint radiate from that gathering which TEWART WHITE, who pio- S would "sweep South Africa clear of neered English missions on Lake racialism !" The language difficulty is one of the most formidable, but they Tanganyika, tells of a chief in his have apparently discovered a way out, neighborhood, .who, in order to vex so that there seems every prospect the missionary, cut off the ears, nose that South Africa will be presently and lips of an old woman and sent them into the station with his com~ a great white man's country. pliments. Later his headsman, with T Wesleyan Work Prospering a raiding band, descended upon the HE English Methodist lIission in mission garden and beheaded three South Africa has 3,609 volun- of the men peacefully working there. tary workers (i.e., teachers, local. This headsman is now a Christian, preachers, and class leaders) on its and sits at the Lord's table with roll. It built last year IS new churches those he once persecuted. and opened 86 new preaching sta- tions. A Second Uganda N November last Bishop Peel re- I N December, 190 5, a g-reat conven- turned to Mombasa from a visita- A Notable Native Achievement I tion of natives, representing prac- tion in German East Africa, amazed tically every tribe in South Africa, at the great progress made since the decided to raise $250,000 for a South tour in 1907-8. In an account of his African native college. This has recent visitation the Dishop writes; now been practically pledged and "My eldest daughter, who has trav- the college is to be located at Port eled with me three times in all the Hare. Grants of land have been of- districts previously, is able to very

fully realize with me what a grand reduced to writing. Gazaland, on the change has taken place. It is diffi- East Coast, and the Portuguese terri- cult to convey to you a correct idea tory, Swazieland, Zululand, Pondo- of what is happening. Heathenism land, all have thousands of natives is hard hit in the whole field. All who are still without the Gospel. hostility has vanished in places in They are sadly degraded through which, to say the least, there was no beer-drinking and heathen customs, welcome in past days. In every part but their sad condition can be reme- which the missionaries and their Af- died only by the preaching of the rican helpers can possibly reach there Gospel. Thus the missionary needs is interest and readiness to be in- of South Africa are numerous and structed, and in very large areas great. there are very active efforts to attend the teaching given."-c. M. S. AMERICA Gleaner. A Fitting Centennial Celebration The Needs of South Africa I T was a happy thought on the part THE South Africa General Mission of the officials of the American was organized in 1894, out of Board to keep the hundredth annithe older Cape· General Mission, for versary of the ordination of its first the evangelization of nonchristians, missionaries, Judson, N ewell, Hall, for the rousing of the Christian Nott and Rice, in Salem, and in the Church to a holier life, and for the same church, hy ordaining five other aid of existing evangelical missions missionaries soon to sail, Harlow, and churches in Africa. Its fields Holmes, Lette, Lyman and Maas. are the whole of South Africa, Nyasaland, and Portuguese East Af- Thirty-six hundred were in attendrica. During 191 I there has been ance at the services of the day, which encouraging development in the well- scores of persons said was the most established centers in South Africa. impressive ceremonial they ever wit- At Lutubeni, the Lord has sent a nessed. very definite revival, which still continues. In Gazaland the attendance Christian Endeavor Moving On at the missionary schools has increased, while the numbers of in- SINCE July, 1909, no less than 10,- quirers seem to point to definite re- 345 new societies have been added sults. In Northwest Rhodesia the with 1,002,500 members. The worldwork is to be extended to a new cen- wide organization has 79,977 local ter or centers, while in Nyasaland bodies, which have 3,953,850 memevidence of the persevering labors of bers. China alone has 781 societies, the missionaries is appearing. In and India 1,337. Pondoland and in Transkei varied experiences of encouragement and Shansi Day at Oberlin disappointment have come to the workers. In Swazieland the youth- A GREAT event of the Oberlin ful king and his mother have shown College year is Shansi Day, when friendship and confidence to the mis- the college subscriptions are taken sionaries, while the work in Zululand for the benefit of the "new Oberlin has been a constant source of en- in China," now four years old. Alcouragement. ways the day following the Day of Prayer for Colleges, it is well ad- To the westward of Northwest vertised a week in advance, but no- Rhodesia there are many tribes which body dodges the collection! The big are unacquainted with the Gospel. chapel is unusually well filled, and They are farmers and cattle-raisers, all come for business. To raise $2,000 and have a dialect which may readily in ten minutes for a foreign mission- ary enterprise is something worth seeing. And to do this in a con- gregation of college young people, one-third of them more or less self-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

supporting, is perhaps unusual. But Christian service started. Thirtythey do it, and more. one years have witnessed a tremen- dous growth. According to the last The Harvest Great, the Laborers Few :eport issue~, out-of-door army meet- mgs numbermg 173,000, were held in TWENTY-FIVE of the principal twelve months, with an estimated at- tendance of some I 5,000,000. Inforeign missionary societies of door meetings of the Army num- bered 2I5,000 in a year, attended by the United States and Canada have 8,000,000 adults and 1,500,000 chil- dren. It is no unusual sight for sent to the "Student Volunteer Move- sinful men who have been touched on the street corner to follow the ment for Foreign Missions" urgent band of workers into the hall or bar- racks, and there give their hearts to calls for 629 qualified men and women, God. Those claiming their conversion whom they wish to send to the mis- last year through this method number 46,554. sion field this year. This list in- A College for Religious and Social cludes a request for both men and Workers women. The men desired are 244 HE American Interchurch College ordained and: evangelistic workers, T for Religious and Social W ork- ers, at Nashville, Tenn., is being or- 48 physicians, 50 teachers, and a ganized by educators to meet the needs of the South. Its board of number of practical business men. directors is composed of some well- known Christian leaders and educa- The women desired are 114 evan- tors. Among the special reasons for its organization are: gelistic workers and Bniobrlematleatcehaecrhs~ 82 trained college or ( I) That there is not in all the South, east of the Mississippi River, ers, 26 physicians, 22 nurses, and a any school adequately equipped for the training of laymen and women as number of kindergarten and music spec!alists m religious and social servIce. teachers, orphanage directors, etc. (2) That five denominations, the Laymen's Movement Plans Y. M. C. A., and the Y. W. C. A. urgently need training schools in the OUR Laymen's Missionary Move- South, but that they can not estab- ment, with its general staff and 20 lish separate and adequate training schools, because it takes at least a salaried secretaries, issues its policy half million dollars for the endowand program for 1912 and 1913 as ment and equipment of each. follows: To keep world-wide missions in the minds of laymen; to co- (3) That Northern training schools operate with denominational move- do not enlist enough Southern stuments to organize every church for dents to supply the demands of the missions; and to increase information South. concerning missions, and contributions from laymen to them. It an- (4) That the South probably needs nounces again its supreme function trained workers more than any other to leadership, and this leadership it part of the United States, on account will seek to apply both to the move- of rapidly changing social and ecoments within various religious bodies nomic conditions, of illiteracy and and to the organized and official attendant evils, and of the large nemissionary societies. As methods it gro population. proposes five metropolitan centers, and suggests New York, Boston, Chicago, Richmond, and Toronto as such centers. At great conventions to be held at these centers it would secure as speakers men whose missionary message will command attention.

THEA Year of the Salvation Army Salvation Army in the United States had its beginning in Philadelphia in 1880. In an old building which had been used as a place to repair chairs this form of

The Nashville Institute for the schools of North America during the Training of Negro Christian W ork- last five years. If we include the ers is to be a department of the young men of the senior department American Interchurch College, but with the men of the adult departments, entirely separate and distinct from and all the men who are officers and the institution for white students. teachers, we should find probably that Its board of directors asks for its there are from two and a half to three support because there is not in all million young men enrolled in the the world an adequately equipped schools of this continent. negro institution for the training of laymen and women as religious and What Every Church Should Have social workers, because there is not a sufficient number of negro stu- ACCORDING to the Men's Missiondents being trained in Northern insti- ary Movement, to every church tutions to meet the growing demands these four adjuncts are essential: for workers among the negroes of the South, and because the colored I. A missionary committee to work denominations are unable to establish with the pastor in enlisting the entire and operate their own separate train- membership. ing-schools. The first session of the school will be opened on September 2. A period of intensive missionary 12, 1912, at No. 323 Sixth Avenue, information and education once each N., Nashville, Tenn. year, continuing through at least two or three weeks, preparatory to an A conference of missionary train- every-member canvass for missions. ing-school workers is to be held in This should be in addition to general St. Louis in connection with the Re- missionary education throughout the ligious Education Association. year.

New York a Native or Foreign City? 3· The adoption of the weekly basis for missionary offerings-instead of OF every 100 white residents of an annual or occasional collection- Manhattan, only 51 are native with a simple and effective collecting Americans, and only 14 have native device such as the duplex envelop. American parents. In the Borough of Queens, 70 out of a ·chance 100 4. An organized and complete perwhites are native born, but even in sonal canvass of every member and Queens only 29 of the 100 are of congregation once each year by groups native American parents. Of a.ll the of two men each, after proper preparaelements of the population of Ne~ tion for their work. York, the most nearly "native American" are the negroes. The majority Agitation for Universal Peace of the 91,702 negroes in New York City are not only themselves native A N exchange thus sums up the first born, but come of native parents and year's work of the Carnegie grandparents.-Christian Advocate. Foundation for the Promotion of In- ternational Peace: "The Carnegie I The Greatest Men'. Organization Foundation for the Promotion of In- T is estimated that about 40 per ternational Peace, now a year old, has cent. of North America's Sunday- established a summer school of interschool army of 15,000,000 are over national law at The Hague, adopted eighteen years of age; and one of the an unexcelled program for the study most remarkable features in the re- of the causes of war, started an intercent development of the Sunday-school change of professors and publicists is found in the large number of men between Latin-America and the Unitidentified with it. Probably 500,000 ed States, has sent President Eliot men have been added to the Sunday- upon a peace journey to Asia, and has accomplished much more for interna- tional friendship and the abolition of war."

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Chinese Converts in America organizations among Chinese students in the United States, viz.: the Chinese A YEAR or two ago 20 Chinese Students' Alliance (social chiefly), the students in the University of Illi- Academy of Arts and Science (ennois were gathered into a Bible-c1a~s couraging investigation of knowledge) in the Urbana Methodist Church, and the Chinese National Union none at the time being Christians. A (political). Almost all the important recent investigation shows that 17 offices in these three organi~ations are have confest their faith in Christ, filled by the members of the Chinese and the three remaining are deeply Students' Christian Association this interested in Christianity, altho not year. yet definitely committed to a change of faith. These young men will re- EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN turn to China to assume positions of large influence in the new nation. Chinese Students' Christian Union of Chinese Students' Christian Association Great Britain and Ireland THE purpose of the Chinese Stu- I N the early part of 1908 a few dents' Christian Association is to Chinese Christian students met in unite all the Chinese Christian students London for prayer and Bible study. in North America for the promotion Others joined the little circle, which of growth in Christian character and after a few monthly meetings, was for carrying on Christian work for organized into the Chinese Students' and by the Chinese students. It was Christian Union of Great Britain and organized in Hamilton, N. Y., in Ireland. Its aims are to establish September, 1909, with 20 Christian and strengthen the members in the and 35 non-Christian Chinese students knowledge and love of God, and to (out of a total of 470 then in the seek to bring other Chinese students United States) present. In I9IO it to a knowledge of the Lord Jesus was divided info four departments, Christ. Seven or eight Chinese stuviz.: the Eastern, the Middle West, dents have been brought to Christ the Western and the Women's De- through the instrumentality of the partments. Twenty-seven classes for members of the Union. Some of them Bible study were especially organized have returned to China after the comfor Chinese students by the associa- pletion of their studies. The Union tion during that year, while three con- has now 47 members, of which 31 ferences were held during the sum- are active members; that is, Chinese mer. At present it has 330 members. students. It has been the means of The importance of the Chinese uniting the Chinese Christian students Students' Christian Association be- in Great Britain and Ireland, and has comes apparent when we hear that done much to strengthen its memthere are now 362 Chinese students bers spiritually. in the leading universities of the United States, and altogether over 800, in- EUROPE cluding 60 girls in universities and secondary schools. Michigan heads Waldensians of Italy Pressing Forward the list with 56, then comes Cornell THE men of Italy are to-day pracwith 46, Columbia with 45, Wiscon- tically without a religion: They have largely become indifferent to the sin with 35, Illinois with 41, Berkeley Roman Church, dissatisfied both with with 22, Harvard with 21, etc. From its teachings and its interference in these men will come China's future State affairs. Antagonism between lawyers, educators, doctors, engineers, Church and State continues. There in fact, leaders in every walk of life. are fewer pilgrimages to Rome, and They will play an important part in national feeling is increasing at the the regeneration of China. expense of the Roman Church. The Waldensians are taking advantage of There are three other important this disaffection and are aggressively

pushing their work. From their orig- into one, the Societe Centrale Evan- inal valleys, southwest of Turin, they gelique.

have dotted Italy and Sicily with This society is unable, however, to churches and mission stations, and meet the religious needs of these dis- have extended their work to Egypt, semines, or scattered Protestants.

Argentine and Uruguay. Most of the How great these needs are may be larger cities of Italy now have self- seen from the following facts. In sustaining Waldensian congregations, the department of Cantal, in southern and buildings commensurate with their France, there is no settled Protestant needs. In Rome a large new building minister. In the Basse Alps there is is rising across the Tiber. one Protestant minister, serving a Everywhere this once persecuted mission station supported by the people is gaining esteem. This may Evangelical Society of Geneva, but be seen from the fact that the three there is no other Protestant church.

governesses of the children of the The departments of Aube (close to Italian king and queen are 'vValdensian Paris), of Indre, of Landes (in the young women. The Waldenses num- extreme southwest), of Mayenne, of ber among their members many of Vienne, of Sarthe, of Morbihan (in the leaders in business and profes- southern Brittany, where once the sional life in the various cities of Italy. McAll Mission had a prosperous Marconi, the inventor of the wireless work), and of Corsica, have one telegraph, is a member of the Walden- Protestant minister each. Nine de- sian Church in Leghorn. partmen ts with only one Protestant church or mission station, and one Russia and the Bible 111 inister each!

G ENERALLY, Russia has prohib- Eleven other departments have ited Bibles that do not contain only two Protestant churches and the Apocrypha or spurious books. two ministers each, while there are Occasionally, the presses of the Holy still others with only four or five Synod have printed an edition without churches or mission stations.

the Apocrypha, but even now the The Protestant churches of France British and Foreign Bible Society, are scarcely able to meet their own which agrees entirely with the Ameri- needs, yet they are doing their best to aid the scattered Protestants in can Bible Society on this question. is their relig'ious destitution. These deseeking permission, in vain, in order scendants of the Huguenots should not be neglected. to circulate another such edition. Consequently, its colporteurs can circulate only such portions as the Pentateuch, OBITUARY NOTE Psalms or the New Testament, never an entire Bible in Russian, without the Rev. A. Boegner, of Paris Apocrypha. P ASTEUR A. BOEGNER, who FRANCE visited America a year ago in Religious Needs of French Protestants the interests of French evangelical missions. died in Paris recently from FEW people realize that there are the result of a stroke of apoplexy.

in many parts of France numer- He was the director of the "Societe a ous descendants of the Huguenots, des Missions Evangelique ches les who are almost destitute of religious Peuple non-Chretiens Etablie privileges. In their behalf the Frencll Paris," otherwise known as the Paris home mission societies, the Societe Evangelical Missionary Society. He Centrale and the Societe Evangelique, was a leading figure in French Prot- were founded, the first early in the estant religious and missionary· circles nineteenth century, the other some and a man of fine Christian spirit, years later. Both are now merged ability and devotion. AND MISSION LANDS OTHER SHEEP. By Harold Begbie. 8vo, fuses faith and superstition (calling faith "a stumbling-block to the evo- 355 pp. $1.50, net. Hodder & Stough- lution of humanity"), he shows that ton, London; George H. Doran, New faith in Christ and His Gospel is York, 1912. the great essential to true progress. lIr. Begbie would be more in his "Twice-born Men" was a strong element if he would confine himself to narrative and omit his philosophy. book, with remarkable stories of men In the former he excels-in the latter he fails. converted through the instrumentality CHRIST AND ISRAEL. By Adolph Saphir, of the Salvation Army. Me Beg- D.D. 12mo, 227 pp. 3s. 6d. Morgan bie's later volumes, however, have & Scott, London, 1911. contained too much of Me Begbie Adolph Saphir, the capable and deand his philosophy, and too little of voted Jewish Christian, was a man of thorough knowledge of his people God and His Word. This latest con- and of God, as revealed in Christ and His Word. An earnest Christribution to the philosophy of con- tian can not read this volume without having his faith stimulated in the version deals with India and the Sal- Dible as the Word of God and in the divine purpose to redeem Israel. vation Army. The author visited that Dr. Sophir records the fact that the fruit of Jewish missions is not empire for a very brief time, and small, as is often supposed, but that twenty-five years ago 300 converts saw its people, its missionaries and from Judaism were occupying Chris- tian pUlpits. He truly says that 'fonly mission work largely through the a true Christian can understand the claims of the Jews, because they only eyes of Commander Booth Tucker, know that the righteousness of the law and mere morality are not sufthe Fakir Singh, of whom he presents ficient."

a strong, attractive portrait. Mr. CHRIST AND HUMAN NEED. Addresses at the Conference on Foreign Missions Begbie is enthusiastic in his esti- and Social Problems, Liverpool, Janu- ary 2 to 8, 1912. 8vo, 210 pp. 25, net. mate of Salvation Army work, .but Paper. Student Volunteer Missionary Union, London, 1912. not always safe in his judgment; he This report has been issued in recquotes the Bible and commends the ord-breaking time. The volume con- tains the addresses of the Fifth Quadconverts, but he is weak in his un- rennial Conference of the British Student Volunteer Missionary Union. derstanding of the teachings of the It was the largest ever held, having a total registered attendance of 2,093 Bible as to Christ and his salvation delegates, including ISO from abroad -Austria, Bulgaria, Russia and Tur- Mr. Begbie is effective in his narra- key. The social problems were giv- tives of conversion, but weak in his explanation of the causes and meth- ods. He is picturesque and graphic, but his philosophy is tiresome and does not grip or convince. He mis- interprets some missionaries in say- ing that they teach God as the "au- thor of their damnation," or that they so present God as to make Him con- founded in the Hindu mind with the devil. Mr. Begbie also fails to un- derstand the Atonement as taught by missionaries ..

Notwithstanding some conspicuous wboeoakk.nesIstes~ehveoawlsevethr,e this is a strong need in India in glaring colors-a need which only Christ can supply. It also shows the effect of simple Christlike life and teaching on the Hindu mind. In spite of the fact that the author conen a prominent place in the program, as abutlt 70,000, a total of 146,508. and the delegates were made to feel The majority of Roman Catholic their responsibility for the reproach Christians are in the Nagasaki provupon Christ because of social condi- ince, and are the result of the work of tions at home and abroad. Francis Xavier, his associates and successors, three centuries ago. Be- In the morning and afternoon ses- tween eight and ten thousand Protsions the case was examined and diag- estant church-members are added each nosed. The darkness in non-Christian year. lands was revealed in its causes and consequences. In the evening ses- THE GEOGRAPHY OF CHINA. By Horatio B. sions the remedy was presented in Hawkins, M.A. 4to. Commercial Jesus Christ-a series of addresses Press, Limited, Shanghai, 1911. dealing with His character and life, His place in history, His death and The appearance of this atlas does resurrection and His indwelling. great credit to the Chinese press from which it is isuued. The maps are One noticeable feature in this con- clear and simple, but not at all comvention is the number of speakers plete in their location of cities and whose names are new to American towns. The general description is readers. Few of the famous mission- excellent, but elementary. Englishary advocates were present, but there Chinese students have the advantage was, nevertheless, evidence of spir- of proper names, being printed in itual fervor and power. The report both languages. The volume is well contains not so much a series of edu- illustrated to show the character of cational papers on mission lands as the country, ancient and modern eninspirational addresses on spiritual gineering feats, views of cities and of needs and ideals-brotherhood, social villages, trades and customs, schools betterment, religious charges, unrest, and temples, industries and trades. educational work and intercession. Each province has a separate map and chapter. The volume could not, in THE CHRIsnAN MOVEMENT IN JAPAN. any sense, take the place of such an Edited by Daniel C. Greene. 12mo,600 atlas as that of the China Inland Mis- pp. The Kyobunkwan, Tokyo, Japan, sion, prepared by Mr. Edward Stan- 1911. ford, but it is most interesting and useful for a general elementary study This ninth annual issue of the or reference book. Many of the Japanese Mission Year Book con- photographic illustrations are of tains much that is of great interest, unique interest. for the past year was one of great historical importance. Christianity is ZIGZAG JOURNEYS IN THE CAMEL COUNTRY. making it,S way, Japan as a nation is By Dr. and Mrs. S. M. Zwemer. Illusreaching out, and ethical ideals are trated, 8vo, 125 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming changing. Dr. Greene has given us, H. Revell Co., 191 L not a missionary year book only, but one that deals with all phases of J ap- Arabia, the land of the horse, the anese life. The foreign affairs are camel. spices, gems, dates, pearls and considered, the anarchist plot, the Islam, is here delightfully presented politica! parties, commerce, education, in pictl1re and story for the benefit of industrial conditions and the religious children of all ages. Dr. and Mrs and missionary situation. Like its Zwemer are charming guides, for predecessors, this volume will be eag- they .>peak the language of the naerly welcomed and frequently con- tives, they know the customs and the sulted by all deeply interested in the historY, they see the most interesting progress of Japan. The official places and people, and are fuIJ of statistics of Christian churches (De- cheery, good humor, and Christian cember, I 909 ) gives the number of common sense. We commend the Roman Catholics as 62,158, of Greek book highly for interest and informa- Catholics as 15,098 and Protestants tion.

12 ] BOOKS ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

AN OPEN LETTER TO SOCIETY. From Con- CHUNDRA LELA. By Z. F. Griffin. 12mo, vict 1776. Introduction by Miss Maud 84 pp. SO cents, net. Griffith & Row- BaBington Booth. 12mo, 160 pp. 75 land Press. Philadelphia, Pa., 1911. cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1911. Chundra Lela, the converted Hindu priestess, was a famous convert, The "nameless writer" writes from whose story has been frequently told. the standpoint of a prison cell. The The writer of this memoir, a missionletter is not bitter or prejudiced, but ary in India, was personally acquaintis candid, clear and convincing. It ed with Chundra Lela, and from her arraigns modern conditions in prison lips received most of her story. It is life, and those who know and care brief and of deep interest-an excelwill admit that most of his charges are lent book with which to answer artrue. The evils are not perhaps so gla- guments against the good results of ring as those that existed fifty or sev- foreign missions. enty-five years ago, when Charles Reade wrote his "Never Too Late to DR. ALEC'S SONS. By Irene H. Barnes. Mend," but they are none the less Illustrated. 12mo, 192 pp. Is. 6d. bad and should be remedied. The London Missionary Society, 1912. writer objects to the general assignment of criminals to one "criminal Those who became acquainted with class." He has some wise remarks to Dr. Alec will be glad to follow the make on punishment and its effects. f.ort~nes of his sons. It is a story of The picture of the peniteniary, its hfe III England and how the boys' inmethods and value furnishes food for terest in foreign missions was awakthought. The effort of courts of jus- ened and directed. Adventure and tice is, as a rule, to punish, not to re- sentiment add the usual relish, but dress or reform and, therefore, the the purpose of the book is clear and penitentiary is often a curse to society strong. The tone is wholesome and rather than a blessing. the interest well sustained.

Convict 1776 believes and says EVERY MAN'S RELIGION. George Hodges. much to prove that "fear of the law 12mo, 297 pp. $1.50, net. The Macmildoes not result in reformation." He lan Co., 1911. rightly holds that one who desires to commit a crime is in reality a crim- Dean Hodges, of Cambridge, in his inal, and therein he follows the teach- essays on religion, says that "the ing of Jesus Christ. No. 1776 also background of every man's religion is holds that when a man 'ceases to de- the fact of mystery." This is, no sire to commit a crime he ceases to be doubt, true, but the basis of the Chrisa criminal. He believes in giving tian religion is the fact of revelation. convicted men a chance to earn an These essays take up some of the imhonest livelihood, to learn a better portant problems of religion in conway of life and to have' awakened nection with revelation, miracles, within him a desire for better' things. character, the world, the flesh .and the He suggests that punishment fit the devil, happiness and eternal life. To crime, and that offenders against pros- us and to many others, Dean Hodge's perity be compelled to work to re- view of the Bible is inadequate. He store what they have injured and to calls it "A number of the most useful pay the expense of the legal action- of the books of religion, bound tothat is all. gether. They contain the experiences and conclusions of men who were The letters are exceedingly well masters of the religious life." His written and are worthy of careful view of inspiration accepts errors in reading. They do not deal with of- the Bible "in science, history, morals, fenses against God, or with the power and even in theology." He rather beof Christ to regenerate a life. This lieves that the Bible is merely a recis natural, but it is also the weakness ord of the experiences and views of of the plans of reformation suggested. uncommon people-those who were able by nature to make spiritual dis-

coveries. Nevertheless, he believes THE S'JORY OF [(OREA. By Joseph iI. Long- that this revelation is a disclosure of ford. 8vo, 400 pp. lOs. 6d., net. 1'. God. Fishel' Unwin, London, 1912. Dean Hodges believes in some THE STOLEN BRIDEGROOM AND OTHER EAST miracles and explains their use, but INDIAN IDYLLS. By Anstice Abbott. Il- he relegates the story of Jonah to fic- lustrated, 12mo. 75 cents, net. Fleming tion, and other miracles to poetry or H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. parable. He views the devil as the spirit of evil rather than as an evil FARMERS OF FORTY CENTURIES, OR, PERMA- spirit-a personality. Every man's re- NENT AGRICULTURE IN CHINA, KOREA AND ligion is an attempt to expound relig- JAPAN. By F. H. King. Illustrated, ion .as a philosophy rather than as a 441 pp. $2.50, net. Mrs. F. H. King, supernatural revelation. Madison, Wis., 1911.

THE OLD FAITHS AND THE NEW GOSPEL. CHIN A SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS. By Rev. A. B. Simpson. 12mo, 161 pp. The Annals of the American Academy The Alliance Press, New York, 1911. of Political and Social Science. Janu- These addresses are in marked con- ary, 1912. Per year, $6.00; per number, trast to the papers by Dean Hodges. $1.00. Issued Bimonthly by the Ameri- They combat the modern views of theology as to creation, Biblical criti- can Academy of Political and Social cism, the place of ethical culture, Science, Philadelphia. miracles and socialism. They also up- hold the belief and practise in modern A HISTORY OF WESTERN TIBET; ONE OF THE UNKNOWN EMPIRES. By Rev. A. H. divine healing. Dr. Simpson believes Francke. 2s. 6d., net. Partridge, Lon- in a modified doctrine of evolution so don. far as it is not inconsistent with the account in Genesis. His views are CALVIN WILSON MATEER. Forty-five Biblical; and (except on divine heal- ing) in simple, unscientific language, Years a Missionary in Shantung, he states the position taken by the China. A Biography. By Daniel W. majority of conservative Christians. Fisher. Illustrated, 12mo, 342 pp. $1.50, NEW BOOKS net. Presbyterian Board of Publica- tion, Philadelphia, 1911. . AMERICAN-JAPANESE RELATIONS. By Ki- yoshi K. Kawakami. 8vo, 370 pp. $2.00, THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN JAPAN. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. Daniel Crosby Greene, Editor. Ninth THE NEGRO AND HIS NEEDS.. By Raymond Annual Issue (1910). 12mo, 599 pp. Patterson, with foreword by President Taft. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell The Conference of Federated Mis- Co., New York, 1912. sions, The Kyobunkwan, Ginza Kyo- CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN TflE TELUGU COUN- bashi, Tokyo, 1911. ' TRY. By G. Hibbert-Ware. Illustrated, 12mo, 216 pp. 2s., net. S. P. G. House, SEVENTEEN YEARS AMONG THE SEA DYAKS Westminster, London, 1912. OF BORNEO. A Record of Intimate As- VILLAGE LIFE IN KOREA. By T. Robert sociation with the Natives of the Bor- Moose. $1.00. Smith & Lamar, Nash- nean Jungles. By Edwin H. Gomes ville, Tenn., 1912. M.A. And an Introduction by th~ Rev. John Perham. Illustrated, 8vo, CHARACTER-BUILDING IN CHINA. The Life 343 pp. $3.50, net. J. B. Lippincott Story of Julia Brown Mateer. By Co., Philadelphia, 1911. Robert McCheyne Mateer. Illustrated, 12mo. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell ZIGZAG JOURNEYS IN THE CAMEL COUNTRY. Co., New York, 1912. Arabia in Picture and Story. By Sam- SOUTH AMERICA. By Robert E. Speer. Student Volunteer Movement, 125 East uel M. Zwemer and Amy E. Zwemer. 27th Street, New York, 1912. Illustrated, 12mo, 124 pp. $1.00, net.

CHRISTIAN AND MOHAMMEDAN. A Plea for Fleming H. Revell Co., New York . Bridging the Chasm. By George F. 1911. '

Herrick, D.D. Illustrated, 12mo. $1.25, THE LAND OF GOOD HOPE. By the Rev. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. Herbert Moore, M.A. Illustrated, 12mo, 372 pp. 25., net. S. P. G., 15 Tufton St., Westminster, 1911.

TEN YEARS' REVIEW OF MISSION WORK IN MADAGASCAR. 1901-1910. With Notices of the Preceding Decade. 12mo 187 pp. London Missionary Society's Press, Antananarivo, Madagascar 1911. '

PRISCA OF PATMOS. A Tale of the Days of St. John. By Henry C. McCook, D.D. Illustrat.ed, 12mo, 318 pp. $1.25, net. Presbytenan Board of Education ' Philadelphia, 1911.

DOCTOR ALEC's SON. By Irene H. Barnes. Illustrated,. l~mo, 192 Pp. Is., 6d., net. Church MiSSIOns Society, London.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1912

MISSIONARY SCENES IN THE CHINESE

1. A Peasant's Home in West China. 7. Demons Guarding a Tem ple Gate. 2. A Buddhist Tomb in Tibet. 8. A Mission School for Girls, Shanghai. 3. Leper Mission Hospital , Kucheng. 9. Coming Men o f China.

4. A Chinese Christian Bible Woman. 10. Four Generations of Chinese Chri stians. 5. Buddhis t P ilgrims in 'est China. . I I . A Lama Dance in Tibet.

6. P art of a Chinese Christian Congregation. 12. A Mission Hospital in Manchuria. 13. Wheel-barrow Ambulance .Bringing a Patient to -a Mission Hospital.

Missionary

e ~ of the World VOL. xxxv. No.2 FEBRUARY, 1912 VOL. XXV. No.2 Old Series New Serie.s Signs of the· Times THE NEW CRISIS IN MISSIONS lies at the foundation of Western prog- ress. They imagine that mere secu- ~T HE Church of Christ is lar and non-Christian education will bending its energies to give the desired power, and these have evangelize the great begun to shape the destinies of the world field, and is Orient. That is the very core of the pouring millions of crisis, that the Orient believes that dollars and hundreds civilization may be achieved without of consecrated mIssIonaries into the Christianization, and that there is no vast heathen lands, but there is not need of breaking with the ancient rereason for self-satisfaction or self- ligions of the fathers. In Japan esconfidence. Among these millions of pecially an undeniable reaction toward non-Christian peoples events are tak- the old national religion has set in, ing place which constitute a veritable and anarchy, socialism, and Christiancrisis. While it is true that the whole ity are apparently identified by the world is restless, and America and Japanese statesmen. China has be- Europe, Asia, and Africa are affected gun to educate her sons, but the by the same dangerous symptoms of schools are wholly secular and often internal disease, the Oriental nations, hinder the work of the missionaries. long asleep and for centuries petrified in their traditions of life and thought Thus, the psychological moment and civilization, are reaching at a seems to have come, and an advance bound what it has taken the West ages in missionary work throughout the of bitter experience to achieve. This Orient is urgently needed. sudden awakening has startled them beyond measure, and a veritable CHINA'S FAMINE AND FLOODS frenzy of iconoclasm seems to possess them. A GREAT flood has devastated a But to these Eastern nations West- part of the Chinese Empire, exern civilization means Western power, tending from Ichang, in the province and not Western Christianity, which of Hupeh, to Shanghai, on the coast, some 700 miles. The banks of the • The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, or positions taken by contributors to these pages.-EDITORS.

Yang-tse- Kiang were obliterated, ex- intelligent, forceful leaders. This cept in the highlands and around the lack is not so noticeable in the present walled cities and towns. The loss of revolution. In the preparation for life can only be estimated, but it is the revolt and in its management, believed that thousands of persons there has been evident clear foresight, have been drowned. At Wuhu the wise planning, fearless determination, water rose higher than at any time of and generally high ideals. There have which there are records, so that 250 been unwise steps and evidences of miles from the sea the water was vindictiveness on the part of some, forty-five miles wide. Millions of but these have not characterized the acres of land, hundreds of square movement as a whole. In God and miles of rice and grain fields, were His plans for China, is the only hope su.bmerged, and hundreds of thou- for true progress and stability, but in sands of villagers were driven from the character of the new leaders there their homes. is great reason for hope that the new China will fulfil some of the ideals of In Hunan the Yuen River has again a great nation. overflowed its banks in the prefecture of Changteh, and the distress there is With the advent of the new year, also great. In North Anhwei and 1912, the revolutionists at Nanking North Kiangsu famine conditions also proclaimed a Republic of China, and prevail; this being the third famine the delegates from the revolting provwithin five years in these two prov- inces elected Dr. Sun Yat Sen as inces. "President of the Provisional Govern- ment of the United Provinces of As in former calamities and fam- China." General Li Yuan Hung was ines, the people have left the devas- elected Vice-President, and Vu Ting tated and famine-stricken districts, Fang Attorney-General. The old Chiand are crowding the roads leading to nese calendar was discarded and the cities clamoring for food. Mis- the Christian method of reckoning sionaries are besieged with appeals to was adopted, with January 1st as the take in more orphan children, whose beginning of the new Chinese year parents have been victims of the latest and of the new Chinese Republic. floods. China is trying to make pro- Yuan-Shi-Kai, the Imperial Prime vision from her own resources for the Minister, refuses to acknowledge the sufferers, but rebellion and war are validity of the action, and insists on a eating up all her available money. national convention to decide on the Native Christians are unable to main- question whether China shall be govtain their church work in the face of erned by a constitutional monarchy or these.disasters. Therefore aid is urg- by a republic. ently needed from American Christians, whose special prayers are also There is grave doubt as to whether asked by all foreign boards. China is yet ready for a republican government. The people as a whole THE NEW RULERS OF CHINA are not adequately educated, nor is the country sufficiently unified. There CHINA'S great lack, since the days is great reason to fear that, tho the of the reform movements stated Chinese are more stable than Latin fifteen years ago, has been adequate,

SIG~S OF THE

peoples, there will be continued unrest T TRIPOLI AND THE SANUSI and uprisings under anything but a HE attempted annexation of Tripvery strong central government. Fail- oli by the Italian Government ure in the republic will bring about brings for the first time a European reaction and retrogression. China is Power into direct conflict with the moving: let her not move too fast and Sanusi Order, the great organization seek to accomplish in a day what re- which has done so much to consoliquires a century. Let the goal be ideal, date and extend Islam in recent years, but let the progress toward it be step and which is at the back of the Panby step, and with adequate prepara- Islamic M"ovement. The order was tion. founded in r834, but its importance dates from the time when its founder It is too early to predict the out- withdrew into the Libyan desert and come; for the question of the future gathered his followers round him in government and the future leaders is the oasis of J aghbub, on the eastern not yet settled. There is, however, confines of Tripolitania. From these great ground for optimism in the char- headquarters he sent his emissaries acter of the leaders of the progressive throughout the Moslem world, and forces. Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the newly with such success that all the great elected President, is a man of fine dervish orders are now affiliated with character and marked ability. He re- the Sanusi and accept the leadership ceived his early education in a mission of its head, the Sheik-ul-Mahdi. school in Hongkong, and is a baptized Christian who believes in following The aim of the Sanusi order is the the teachings of Jesus Christ. General regeneration and extension of Islam, Li Yuan Hung, the Vice-President, is and the restoration of its uncomproa very earnest evangelical Christian mising and warlike spirit. Its organwho is not afraid to let his light shine ization is quasi-military, and its membefore men. Wu Ting Fang was bap- bers excel in a fanatical hatred of tized as a Christian when he attended Christian domination in any form. a mission school, but has since become They are responsible for the rapid an Ethical Culturist. Liang Chi Cho, spread of Islam in Africa. Tripoli another leader of the revolutionists, is has long been a stronghold of the also a product of missionary teaching Sanusi, and in the east of the provand an earnest Christian. He is one ince, at least, the Sheik-ul-Mahdi exof the ablest writers in China, and ercises an authority far more real became an object of enmity to many than that of the Sultan. It is his op- Chinese because of the strong pro- poo;ition which the Italians have to christian character of his writings. dread. But the Sheik-ul-Mahdi is no hot-headed and reckless fanatic. Once The Influence of Christianity in before, when the Mahdi, of the Sudan, China is sure to be felt increasingly sought his cooperation, he showed as the days go on, but whether this this. Furthermore, he and his followwill be by sudden revolution or by ers hate the Turks just as they hate the slow development it is impossible to Christians. On the other side, howpredict. The future is in God's hands. ever, the annexation of Tripoli is an Let Christians stand ready to see and attack on the Sannsi themselves. It cooperate in His plans.

cuts them practically off from the sea. zations as a means of differentiating Should the Sheik declare war the po- politically between Moslems and non- sition will be serious, for he has a :'IIoslems. It has shown strong de- trained fighting force of 25,000, and termination to weld together the va- in the millions of dervishes he has a rious races in spite of religious differ- reserve of fighting men of a class ences and to make them practically whose reckless bravery is well known. one in the political life of the country.

Jaghbub is a strong fortress, and well In this it has met enormous difficul- supplied with modern weapons and ties, and mistakes were made and oc- ammunition. But the real danger is casionally lack of tact and fairness of that of a religious war, causing the spirit were apparent. In the city of whole Moslem world to arise, and Constantinople itself, where the popu- starting outbreaks of fanaticism every- lation has rapidly increased, and the where, which would be disastrous to narrow, crooked streets and the fa- Christian missions among Mohamme- mous "Bridge," the great central ar- dans. tery of the city's life, created vast REAL PROGRESS IN TURKEY difficulties for the enormously in- creased traffic, work on the new bridge T HE evolution in Turkey comprized has begun, and the streets are being in its scope far more than the pure- improved by the lowering of heavy ly political development. Important grades, the construction of sidewalks, changes commercially have taken the tearing down of projecting old place. Schemes for substantial ad- buildings. The dogs, so well known vance in education have been under to every visitor of the Turkish capital, consideration, tho comparatively little have gone (but no other means of for the quickening of the nation's in- dealing- with the g-arbage have yet tellectual life has been done. Educa- been provided!), the streets are bettional hunger and thirst, instead of ter lig-hted, and even automobiles rush being supprest, have been stimulated, about the streets. The freedom of the and it is tacitly acknowledged that press has been respected by the Young there can be no hope of a strong, pro- Turks to a large extent, so that litergressive, and influential Turkey with- ature of all sorts and in various lan- out steady educational advance among guages has wonderfully multiplied. its people. Even the local blunders of Books and papers in general come misguided officials, as especially in into the country without censorship. Albania, do not disprove this general The Bible is as freely published as in advance. London, and in New York, and there is no official obstruction whatever to In the sphere of religion, the new its circulation. Truly there is real, government has not been intent on encouraging progress in Turkey. overthrowing the rights and privileges of non-Mohammedan faiths, nor BIBLE SCHOOLS IN THE ORIENT has it interfered in any way with the perfect religious freedom of all classes T HE movement for closer church of the non-Mohammedan population. relations has assurned large pro- But it has regarded with aversion all portions and more definite shape in attempts to use ecclesiastical organi- the foreign field than at home. The

SIGNS OF THE

wise and consecrated leaders of the tional forces will greatly stimulate the missionary forces have seen the neces- study of the Word of God, and quickly sity of massing the forces and pre- multiply trained native preachers and senting an unbroken front to heathen- workers.

ism. Thus churches are practically INDIA AWAKENING united in some foreign lands, which are quite at variance in this country, T HE last official census of India, and rivalries, only too frequent here, which was taken in March, 191 I, are quite out of date among the mis- and whose figures have now been given sionaries. out, has revealed some very surpri- One of the latest developments in zing things. In spite of cholera, and this direction is the establishment of plague, and famine, and wild beasts, Union Bible Training Schools in the the population of India (without Cey- Orient. A visit of Dr. W. W. White, lon, but with Burmah) has increased of the Bible Teachers' Training from 294 millions in IgoI, to 315 mil- School in New York, with two of his lions. Remarkably large is the in- associate teachers, to China and Ko- crease in the Christian population.

rea last summer brought the move- For instance, the Punjab contained ment to a head. At Nanking he was 37,000 Christians in IgOI, but now greeted by a most representative body about 165,000, which represents the of 123 Chinese delegates, the leaders truly remarkable increase of 446 per of the Church in China, and the Union cent. In Nagpur, in Central India, Bible School of Nanking was estab- were 36,000 native Christians in 1881, lished. It starts out most auspicious- 125,000 in IgOl, and I/7,ooo in 1911.

ly, representing all denominations, In Madras Presidency, with 41,000,- and undertaken with the approval and 000 inhabitants, the Christians in- backing of the various missions. Five creased 16 per cent., Mohammedans missionaries are engaged in teaching I I per cent., Hindus 8 per cent. In and training candidates for the min- Travancore, with 3,500,000 inhabit- istry and native helpers. Dr. J. c. ants, the Christians increased 30 per Garritt, of the Presbyterian Mission, cent., the Mohammedans 19 per cent., a well-known missionary leader, and and Hindus 12 per cent., so that now fine Chinese scholar, has been elected 25 per cent. of its inhabitants are president, and the theological students Christians. The increase in the Chris- of the Methodist and Christian mis- tian population of the Bombay Presi- sions have been transferred to the dency has been II6 per cent.; of the Union Bible Schoo!. Central Provinces 169 per cent.; of In Korea a Union Bible School the United Provinces 175 per cent.; has been suggested as a memorial to and of Burmah 43 per cent.

the late editor-in-chief of this REVIEW, These amazing figures do not indi- Dr. Pierson. This is part of a plan cate the spiritual condition, for many for a chain of Bible schools through- a Hindu registered as a Christian, tho out the country. It is believed that he was nothing but a more or less reg- similar institutions will be founded at ular attendant at missionary services, other strategic points in the Far East, but they indicate at least that there is and that the unification of the educa- a marked change in the attitude of the

Hindus toward Christianity, and that tel'. Thus there is danger that a far multitudes are now ready to register stronger type of Moslem will be dethemselves before the census-takers as veloped, so that it will be more diffi- Christians. cult to approach its followers with the Gospel, and there is need of immediate Additional signs of progress and larger Christian effort. moral awakening are visible everywhere. Even polygamy is growing There are four great Dutch misunpopular, not merely because of the sions, with 13 I stations and outstacost of living which has reduced it to tions, and with eighty European missuch an extent that monogamy is get- sionaries upon Java. Their schools ting to be the rule among common contain more than 7,000 pupils, and people, but because of the "awaken- about 17,000 native Christians are reing," due to the work of the mission- ported. These Dutch missions were aries. organized almost one hundred years ag"o. The German N el1kirchen Mis- Certainly there is a wide-spread sionary Society, and a number of movement in India, which may well other societies, including the Salvacall for thanksgiving to God, as it tion Army, have also workers upon seems to indicate that the day is draw- the island, and report about 2,000 naing near when its caste-bound millions tive Christians. Thus Java can not will be emancipated and turn to Christ. be called neglected, but large areas of Poor old sleepy, philosophizing India it are practically untouched by misis pulsing with new life. SlOnanes.

ISLAM IN JAVA A LAYMEN'S CONFERENCE IN AUSTRALIA I SLAM was introduced into Java T HE first general Conference of the only about 400 years ago, but today practically the whole of its thirty Laymen's Missionary Movement miIIions are Moslems, tho their relig- in Australia was held in Melbourne on ion is not of a fanatical or ardent October 2 and 3, 191 I. Sixty deletype. In spite of the present great gates registered, many of them leadnational awakening upon Java (see ing business men of Melbourne, and a MISSIONARY REVIEW, I9II, p. 326), right spirit animated them as for two the hold of Islam is not growing days they discust the plans and methstronger, because the movement finds od of the Laymen's Movement. its ideal in Europe. Yet the number of pilgrims to Mecca has risen from The conference is regarded as a beabout 3,000 in I900, to about 8,000 ginning, and not as an end, by the in I9IO, and every returned pilgrim is leaders, who are now arranging for a center of religious enthusiasm and sectional conferences in various parts propaganda. The Moslem schools, of the country, when groups of towns found in almost every village, are now will join together in gatherings simibeing reorganized and developed un- lar to that in Melbourne, and who are der government direction, tho they re- planning for conferences for city men tain their distinctly religious charac- in small towns away from large ~ities.

~~……."…- …,. ,/ ",…. u

• /" + …… C H I L. I j-o{. : ~. ….. ',i.'.._·….·…–t:~+++~~·."~ : .". :(r~.i ,nI..·.,~V,+.fJ>·:. ' ll.. .;,., ."';It'.+~::'+. : z···, – .::.: .. / t i l · · … ", . "-.~ :….-, / ,. ( . A,.' ……. +• • .,'C'(gI ." J! '" I .~. • 7 .i -r .'; '.(.' . :/.'i·… ) '" f " ( • ,' • • ~". *: .,+'<4':;'.".".'.~!~''1'.I::~.•.;~::•f;"'.,.f-,::'~::•:~~••.~:.J:+fo:j'' ' … t•~………'N- ./. . •. ., .. . . . . • . .;. • I •• S ..- +. I ••• ,I' .;; . ""'" ir-" •• ., . '

"·.t' .-……….. ",+,:' r:' . j, .. ~,…J.. _) +:.•• .••…"••. .+•.•++•:•.·.+t.•'.!)•."..++."..•….:~.•"~.•..+.,.l..•.,+f:I .0".,.~':..+•+t,.-••:•+:'t•'"•·..' .'•'.St•t"i+'i:,.t;/+!:•-.;+.f"''"..·'i:r+..-+0 !.-..".;…:-".:.".,…·..t,…"',·/(..~I..·.:.L,:,:'…"I'…,..'~..0·I.•~'t~;,:+•f'.•·•t..l~I'j'".,f..':""…,…….~.!._ .,.l'.l..•…..~•..~'…lI.'.,1•/1'../01+,·•J•0<••·-:•• ~. v~'-……-..L.J.,·,·+_;+-,+,~.,.;.:·+.,-C'" ·:•~'- ·.;~:)S/++:·~~·~:·'! .. .~. t'tt:~ ••• ~ :/1"': I " :':". '•• I . ' : ' .. " …….., . . ,' .. • – …… …,t .. ,) h+- + If:+. c•• ,; 0 J ,-:r '_. …. /'-> .•••..•• •… ,r. !' .. f .. +.+ • ·'+)"£·+.·+<*>I .• •••• ,/ I r..-lI : )- ..'L~-(•I../•.•,•"<'.,''-.V'1 ,V-…,..C.".t.I.'~+.~.,'VI"_•+.•)/:~'.f.-".+"•";•./:•.~~~•:·':~'"t..•!+."''…….:."·.•~..•.·+.•.•"..".-.r:•+~..:,:-~:::..•t+.'..·'.'•…-.:+.:·••'•,_•.:••:•~,••,••-,•..•. :1l,.~~.•l,…;'·•l•).i•'.J):..t.,'..o••..·1…)".'·'.+!.i….Io,f_·….",'"".'~'+"•'-•''·•~"•.""'1·'•1,+..+-"-.•f+•…•:++<,./•t.•~I/./+..I).•.t++•:.'•+~L+.":•+."……•……….:'..;~ '''-t+:~..,+(1.~",~",."c"..:'4"1',.+"..r-''..+"/..:.f','•"~'+;4.•.+/+).,·-.'•.:'-.tG•t.~:/~+…+:~.++1~.-'l.+'~~.t~"~,..f~..+,:"..;~:~l++".+..:"(.+•f(+'.J.~+.T++"e•.'"t..~~.:1• :.

I '(;/.,' .J ••• ··:-t- ••.;.(:·..,r·t-~.·., "":~.:~ !•••••,. ~ •;s, .•:. ••••:~:"••:o:f•'•,(..)~•K-•.:w•,,t,'-.–:(-"-:+.~,•. / … ':) ~ '. — …. : .. '.:+' .++. ' ~:I :.. ' ' .·t-J.''.:'.~~.·-:.''~ ~I ·:. •I.+~ •I • 1- ZI :'J….–.-.-,,.~:'~ • ' . , ' . • ,~'":" JI) ~ ' , . "

.~) ':.~. ~.; .j;: S·: . '!.. .; :,…… • '.,… ;:, _ ., , ' ; . ' . '. .~ •••• :.; : : ',;.i.k, IJ A N o· . 0'-··_··-1:1 : . :.~. )_….. .' • • +'~/ …i ,….."+ .•. ~ ''.., 00 /. • ."r··!. "'….. : . ,~_ .. …:.. "J ./0•. +f-.·Y'•!;-•. .. '..~..6.., • I('~"V " ' + '.,~ :• .', .. ~"'. '-.. -: ….•-• THE WALLED CITIES OF CHINA Those having resident missIOnaries are indicated by a cross. There are 1,558 of these walled cities in the eighteen provinces, and only about 400 of them have resident missionaries. This leaves over 1,100 without any such workers.

CHINA-A RETROSPECT OF FIFTY YEARS BY THE VENERABLE ARCHDEACON MOULE, B.D.

~. T wo thunder-tones are her future unfolding at the very doors. in my ears while I Fifty years ago, when I first went eastward to China, the Taiping re- , . write, which, with an- bellion was raging, having almost reached its climacteric, and then, un- swering echoes and re- der our very eyes and with close con- tact, it passed to its fall. For thirteen . verberations, seem to years that long storm, with the thun- der and lightning of war and the compel the attention sweeping tornado of bloodshed and devastation, passed .over China, and of Christians and students of the poli- twenty million lives were sacrificed in tics of the Kingdom of God, more even than they claim the anxious in- terest of politicians and students of the world's history. The sounds come from China in her near past and in

that struggle. To-day, as I write, an- Straits and the China Sea, to Hong- other rebellion has begun, in some re- kong, and the few ports open for spects, and especially as an anti-dy- trade and residence on the coast-but nastic movement, resembling the Tai- we went by the Cap~ route, the track ping revolt. Battle's voice has spo- of the old East Indiamen. Our tea- ken and the result must be for a while clipper, the Soicnt, 750 tons burden, uncertain, either of speedy success in was a fast sailer, and well found, but all the provinces and the establish- we were 112 days from the Downs to ment of a new dynasty; or of speedy Shanghai, encountering a cyclone and suppression of the revolt and a further the terror of its "central heart of term of trial for the Manchus; or, a peace," and the even greater peril of third possibility, a protracted and dev- long calm near the pirate-infested astating struggle, as with the Tai- Borneo coast. Since those days the pings. Suez Canal has been opened (r870) and the steamer service vastly im- This double picture, these dual proved, and by this route or hy the voices of war and rebellion, calling Canadian Pacific or American lines, back, first of all, old memories, and the journey can be accomplished in a then beckoning forward to imminent month or five weeks; while China can catastrophe or to a righteous peace be reached overland from Englandwith accompanying prosperity, seem so soon as the double railway line is to distract the mind when I set my- completed through Siberia and Manself to review the intervening fifty churia-in twelve instead of the 112 years in the light of the progress and days of fifty years ago. This one expansion of Christian missions in consideration of the near neighbor- China during this half century. I can hood, comparatively speaking, of heanot do better, perhaps, than contrast, then and Mohammedan mission-fields first of all, China then and China now, should supply a fresh stimulus to misas to contact with her neighbors and sionary zeal, as it supplies greater fathe Western world, and as to changes cilities for missionary enterprise. The in her own internal life and constitu- specter of far and inaccessible distion. For one thing, now the long tances, of long silence, if isolation and cords which seem to hold the nations the sorrow of separation, for missionapart through stretches of ocean or ary recruits and for those left behind land, and the former comparative de- in the dear vVestern home, is largely liberation of locomotion, are tightened laid now. With swift travel comes and drawn in and shortened now, by also frequent and regular postal comthe facilities and accelerations of munication. The one mail a month modern travel. from Europe fifty years ago, soon changed to a fortnightly mail, with M~dern Travel tenpence postage by Southampton, and eighteen-pence by Marseilles or Fifty years ago we might indeed Brindisi, is now expanded to three or have gone by a quicker route of seven four mails a week, soon, probably, to or eight weeks to China, availing our- daily mails with penny postage; and selves of the newly inaugurated over- the solemn silence of four months at land route, through Egypt on camelback or by rail, and then through the Red Sea and Indian Ocean to the

STATISTICAL TABLES FOR CHINA·

THE GENERAL AND EVANGELISTIC WORK (See article by Archdeacon Moule on "China-A Retrospect of Fifty Years," page 87) DATE FOIlEIGN MISSIONAIlIES NATIVE WORKERS CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY AND CONTRIBUTIONS Physicians SOCIETIES – ——–.——–~—-~ — —j—II–+—f— CHINESE EMPIRE 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 American and Canadian Soeietie. 30 30 312 326 American Ad'l'ent Mission Society ••••••••.•.•…••. 1897 2 1 3 7 13 . lJ74 174 3 8 6 30 520 1,370 6 *800 $100 American BaJ!tist Foreip Mission Society•••.••…. 1836 44 10 565 592 157 3,336 7,820 American BioIe Society •••••••••••••••••••••••.••. 1876 1 4 1 46 21 123 14 17 201 125 479 5,215 13,828 72 2,326 16,255 7 1,487 1,652 American Board of Commiasioners for For. Miss ••.. 1847 31 9 6 14 1,019 1,061 6 516 18,420 70 6 36 31 113 27 212 10,213 39,226 Augustana Synod, Ennge1ical Lutheran Church …•. 1902 1 94 107 17 299 104 1,012 11,000 13,927 .52 "2,730 25,421 1 21 22 1 *3 100 5,430 Bible Mission Society••••••••••••••••••••••.••• ,'" 1904 2 2 53 2,750 1 2 1 6 6 6 2 38 4,320 Board of For. Mias., Methodist Ei!iscopal Church •.. 1847 56 17 21 11 68 73 241 165 105 129 24 228 691 2,339 Board of For. Mi…. Presbyterian Church in U. S. A. 1846 86 27 13 5 96 47 274 42 100 100 267 1,231 30,191 53,312 86 3,193 5,301 274 302 26 658 129 1,936 20,041 -67,939 50 200 3,000 Board of For. Miss.. Reformed Church (Dutch) •••. 1842 7 2 1 5 12 26 13 98 108 4 50 14 139 1,714 3,524 11 650 4,043 Board of For. Miss., Reformed Church in U. S••••. 1899 7 Board of For. Mill. Ref. Presby. Ch. (Covenanter) 1898 3 3 8 6 24 1 5 8 2 5 3 105 200 6 1 105 128 Board of aMnidss.M1 _iMsseiotbnol!df)i'.t EJ!iscopal Church, South". 1848 21 1 3 5 1 16 1 2 1 24 15 *300 Christian Alliance •• ••••.••• ••••••.. 1887 33 9 1 23 25 71 24 19 20 1 8 28 20 89 137 lSI 5 22 27 307 2,190 *8,000 70 70 26 731 1,031 Dom. and For. Miss. SOc.. Protestant E~scopal Ch.. 1835 27 3 13 27 27 116 28 37 38 6 89 11 18 23 299 1,961 6,285 Exec. Com. of For. Miss., Presbyterian Ch. (South) 1867 31 6 3 2 35 19 93 10 9 9 12 46 16 286 1,395 ·5,500 First New Testament Church, LOs Angeles ••••••••• 1901 1 82 82 Foreign Christian Missionary Society •••••••••••.•.. 1886 16 1 2 3 14 14 1 3 671 18 For. Dept., International Committee, Y. M. C. A ••. 1896 6 8 48 23 3 3 8 20 10 92 714 *2,800 58 58 ~t., Board, Y. W. nC.CAh n'I s tU' 6 2 21 23 1 53 26 26 10 ted Brethren i For. Miss. National . S. A . . 1903 2 1 2 3 3 13 13 1 For. Soc., Uni • •.. •• • . 1889 S 1 12 20 20 For. MiSs. Board, Southern Baptist Convention' •.. 1845 38 8 1 2 8 5 377 377 2 129 473 1 40 25 112 14 6 6 17 105 44 511 5,594 22,187 55 2,389 7,030 For Miss. Com., Presbyterian CDurch in Canada ••… 1888 17 6 2 19 8 51 45 45 5 28 2 273 1,346 *5,200 1,638 Friends' For. Miss. Soc., Ohio Yearly Meeting ••.•. 1890 3 1 12 12 2 5 11 12 12 2 5 2 20 177 892 2 289 456 General Miss. Board of the Free Methodist Church. 1904 2 4 5 3 14 5 5 4 1 1 140 1 32 7 2 4.963 5,329 General Miss. Board, Church of the Brethren •••••• 1908 2 1 5 1 1 Hagues Synod China Mission .••••••••••••••••••.•. 1891 5 2 5 5 18 4 39 4 150 567 1,150 Home and For. Miss. Soc. United Evan. Church .•. 1899 6 5 2 14 3 70 5 271 212 1 2 4 30 Missionary Society of the Evangelical Association…. 1904 4 4 8 Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, Canada" 1890 26 11 1 5 1 507 35 13 93 7 57 480 *7 *490 Mission Board, E'I'8n. Luth. Norwegian Brethren ••.• 1895 2 2 6 3 7 1 Scandinavian Alliance Mission (Mongolia) •••••..•.. 1895 4 8 8 50 4 2 Sennth·Day Adventist Mission Board •••••••••••… 1901 7 2 2 6 12 3 3 32 1 4 117 9 214 1,603 Seventh·Day BaJ!tist Missionary Society•••••.••.•.. 1850 1 3 1 Swedish E'I'8ngelical Free Church •••••••.•…'•..••• 1895 8 2 2 66 3 140 450 5 Swedish E'I'anJelical Mission Covenant of America .• 1891 4 1 4 4 19 10 3 4 10 3 138 446 *1,700 Trustees of Canton Christian College ••..•••••••… 1886 12 1 1 United Norwegian Lutheran Church of America ••••• 1905 2 8 9 27 5 30 542 1,432 University Medical School in Canton •••••.•……,.• 1899 2 1 2 1 Woman's Miss. Society, Methodist Church, Canada .. 1893 Woman's Union Missionary Societ)' of America ..••.. 1869 11 13 3 4 4 3 7 7 1 5,881 Yale Foreign Missionary Society 6 ••••••••••••••••• 1902 1 1 1 1,400 802 7,106 85,749 215,523 1,304 51,026 .132.416 r-~–~–~–~—7–~–~' Totals, 41 American and Canadian Societies……… – 517' 130 73 109 587 440 1,812 366 252 1.923 Australasian Society Presbyterian Church of New Zealand…………… 1901 2 3 2 8 15 15 102 252 British Societies BaJltist Missionar, Society'………………….. 1877 37 10 4 27 14 92 267 267 11 328 ·107 451 5,506 *22,024 139 1,484 1,392 Bntish and Fore,gn Bible Socie!Y…………….. 1809 4 9 13 26 '310 310 11 Christian Literature Society for China………….. 1887 1 1 15 15 1 Christian Missions in Many Lands 8.. •••• • •• • •••••• 1885 2 26 24 21 73 '0_ 41 *160 80 6 6 18 1 1 10,714 Church Missionar), Society o. • • • • . . • . • • . . • • . . . . • . •. 1844 66 16 3 24 7S 102 283 37 952 989 53 10_ 7,629 20,518 10_ Church of England Zenana Missionary Society…… 1884 3 45 48 103 103 13 2 2 Church of Scotland Foreigrl Missionary Committee'. 1878 2 12 145 145 2 323 480 2,285 10 402 68 Church of Scotland Women's Assoc. for For. Miss… 1888 7 7 6 6 1 Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church of Ireland 8. 1869 11 10 4 209 213 10 127 *20 927 1,969 11,473 160 6,715 For. Miss. Com., Presbyterian Church of England… 1847 19 5 5 2 33 8 204 ,·:87 570 6,223 *25,000 10_ 14,209 Friends' F ore/gn Mission Association…………… 1886 9 ti 3 21 22 80 34 340 374 2 1 9 11 4 27 82 82 5 36 5 42 144 2,063 10 603 London Missionarr Society…………………… 1807 43 21 Mission to the Chmese Blind and Illiterate Sighted.. 1886 1 6 3 55 27 155 12 454 466 20 300 10_ 10_ 13,083 23,190 13 13,222 National Bible Society of Scotland…………….. 1863 5 1 1 2 3 3 1 11 ~':i~ i~!etM.u~~gp~fa~~~~:d~~~~·Kil.s: ·C~;';.•:: f~~~ g ~ 5 '317 317 5 1 1 7 7 32 34 34 2 17 761 1,581 13 288 336 7 7 40 9 59 1 10 4 281 285 8 92 22 87 5,744 10,615 32 2,895 4,685 S….. .. …. United Methodist Church Missionary Society…….. 1859 17 6 1 2 22 6 53 12 422 434 10 58 141 2,007 11,253 21,096 "140 2,200 Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society 1852 43 10 2 33 12 90 6 IS3 159 21 87 115 197 4,401 9,629 29 788 3,567 ~~—7—+—7–~—r–~–+—+—-r~-+—+—+—+–~—-~—-'~~—-0—- Totals, 18 British Societies…………………… – 278 89 39 82 319 277 1,065 109 4,099 4,208 207 1,235 514 4,663 51,311 149,694 541 14,046 55,512 Continental Societies AUg. evangelisch·protestantischer Missionsverein….. 1899 3 – – 2 2 8 12 13 1 2 Berliner Frauen·Missionsverein fiir China……….. 1850 1- – – – 4 5 1 1 1 Berliner Missionsgesellschaft •••••••.••••.••••.••.. 1867 22 – – 2 19 5 48 5,528 Danske MissionslIClskab •••••••••••••••••.••…..• 1896 11 2- – 8 5 26 6 279 285 13 198 5,700 109 8 7 Evangelische Missionsgesellschaft zu Basel……… 1846 32 2- 2 24 2 62 1 9 6 6 89 6,484 7 213 220 15 97 104 6,440 Finw Missionssi11skapet •••••.•••••.•.•.••……. 1903 8 1- – 2 7 18 40 40 100 Hildesheimer Ver. fiir die Blindenmission in China.. 1890 – – – – – 44 2 24 3 6 6 1 Kieler China Mission………………………… 1896 2- – 1 2 1 6 14 1 71 Norske Missionsselskab .•••••••…••.•….•……. 1902 9 1 1 2 6 5 24 14 2 3 3 27 95 38 134 Norsk lutherske Kinamissionsforbund…………… 1893 – – – 10 8 5 23 24 24 4 14 65 298 8 10 Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft •••….•………'".. 1847 14 2- 4 17 4 41 78 7 20 20 834 1,299 2 60 1,425 Svenska Baptisternas Mission…………………. – 4- – – 329 79 11 11 2 7 227 Svenska Missionsforbundet ••..•.•.•………•….• 1891 – – – 22 15 13 50 49 49 7 322 Svenska Mongolmissionen ••.••••..••……..•…•• 1898 1- – – 1- 2 7 25 696 1 T-~–~—+—+–~–~—~–~ Totals, 14 Continental Societies……………….. – 107 10 1 43 107 59 326 16 735 751 70 397 926 15,078 26,619 2 60 13,977 China Societies Broadcast Tract Press•••••••.••….•…..••.••.••. 1896 2 .- Canton Medical Missionary Society •………•..•.•. 1838 Central China ReliB!ous Tract Soc,ety …………… . 1876 4 4 5 Chefu Industrial Mission ••.••••••….••.•.••..•••• 1895 1 5 5 150 China Baptist Publication Society •••.••….•..•..•• 1899 3 9 9 2 Christians Mission ……………………….. . 1893 11 11 "Door of Hope" Mission •••••••••••..••..•….•••• 1900 8 8 13 13 General Committee, Y. M. C. A. of China and Korea. 1896 20 7 9,750 20 Gospel Mission ••••••••••••••••••••••.••.••….••. 1892 1 6 3 16 3 Grace Mission •••.•••••••••••••••.•••…•….•… 1902 1 1 1 3 6 7 1 6 22 273 800 200 135 4 International Institute ••••••••••••.•••…•..•.••• 1894 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 John G. Kerr Refulle for Insane •.••.•••….•…•.. 1 North China Tract Society••••••••.•••••.••••.•…. 1 2 1 111 900 Oriental Society_ for Education of Deaf Mutes ….. . 1887 1 1 2 5 5 1 3 14 26 43 45 6 11_ 289 *1,100 South Chih·li Mission …•••.•.••………•…..••. 1896 4 2 7 Y. W. C. A. of C"nina . • • . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1899 1 1- 12 -r–~–~–~–~~~~~~—r——~—+—-~'–+-'–+—+—-r—-:—–+—+—-~—– Totals, 16 China Societies……………………. – 15 3- II 18 40 85 4 106 110 21 25 11 22 562 1,1100 6 350 10,8116 International Society China Inland Mission 11•••••••••..•..•..• , • . . . . . •• 1865 18 1 11339 230 311 898 18 1,617 1,6115 205 769 546 2,804 111,0411 76,1116 10_ 338 Union Society –+__–+___–+_ _-_1-_–+_ _–+__-_ Methodist Publishing House " •…………….•… 1_19_0_3+__1+_-_1-_-_!_–1+—1+—….J–3+–…-!!_–~!_—J!_-1_!_—_!___ '1-1 1 Grand Totals, 92 Societies •.••……..•.••..•.•.•• 020 251 11141 58311,26511,0934,1971 513111,595112,108/ 75714,350 2,027 15,521 1177,7141470,184-' 859165,4821213,2511 * Condensed from the World AIllU of Christia,. Missi01lS, Student Volunteer Movement, New York. See also in the Atlas the summaries for Educational, Medical, Industrial, Bible, and Literary Worle. 1 ColJ!orteurs directly supervised by the Bible Society. • Each cI1urch or chl!P~1 has a Bible Sehool on Sunday. 1 Includes data for W'omen's Society. • Includes the work of the Bible Missionary Society. Amalgamated January, 1910. • Does not include work of the Woman's Board. 'Does only educational work. Christian students are members of churches of their own missions. 'Includes the data for the Baptist Zenana Miasion. • Church statistics reported by the Lao·ho-kou station only. • Includes dats of Medical Mission Auxiliary. ,. No data reported. •• • U Preaching at least occasionally in 110 towns. 11 Data includes that for the following associate missions: (1) Scandinavian China Alliance, (2) Swedish Misson in China, (3) Swediah Holiness Union, (<4) Norwegian Mimon 1n China, (5) German China Alliance, (6) Liebenzell Mission (7) Free Church Mission of Finland. ,. While the China Inland Mission has one Church of England bishop and some worker. with Church of England order. and others with the orders of the Presbyterian, Baptist, and other Churches recognized in the home countries, the total figures are given under one head without differentiating. The custom of the C. I. M. is to recognize all workers as proilationers for thwo years) when if apJ!roved they are received as junior missionaries, and at the close of a total of five years' service, if the language testa have been passed and proof of fitness baa been Mown, t ey are l1efinitely _appointed with parchments as senior missionaries with power to take full pastoral charge of mission stations. "Union of Methodist Episcopal Church and Methodist Episcopal Church, South. * Estimate. Except in column 18, all estimates are from the societies.

1 2 ] CHINA-A RETROSPECT OF FIFTY YEARS

sea with no word or whisper from sion work in China seemed, for the home as we sailed round the world, is time of its duration, to raise even changed for the telegram which is laid higher and stronger brazen walls than on your table in London some time those which Xavier mourned over as before it seems, by the hour affixt to a barrier to Christianity. The few the form, to have left Shanghai. How missionaries then in China, some of very much may be done by this close whom had been venturing a little way and constant communication to cheer inland for exploration, were all drivand strengthen the missionary army en back by the advance of the civil at the front, if the home churches and war, and were congregated in or near individual friends of missions will Shanghai, waiting for the possible write frequently and fully to their opening of the gates, should the Taifriends and representatives abroad, as pings finally win or be finally overwell as by their looking for news thrown. There were then in China, and information from the often over- besides the missionar-ies of the Roman whelmed workers themselves. Church, scarcely a hundred from all the churches of the Reformation, and The Increase of Missionaries the number of Christians scattered up and down the coast, with no mission, But a more striking contrast meets church or station in the interior, was our eye when we look at the changes about a thousand. Forty-six years in China itself. When we sailed for later, at the time of the Shanghai Con- China in 186I a great comet was bla- ference of all missions, in commemozing in the sky. We saw it through a ration of the centenary of Robert Morrift in storm-clouds off the Cape of rison's arrival in Olina, I saw a re- Good Hope, and it hung ominously markable reproduction of these numover China when we arrived. It bers, one hundred and one thousand, seemed to the Chinese and to the in the Conference hall. That hall world almost as a sign in the heavens was a large room attached to the fine of the calamities which were devasta- buildings of the Chinese Y. M. C. A., ting and almost ruining the land. The managed chiefly by their own Chinese Taiping rebellion was at its height committee with a Canadian resident after ten years of conquest and blood- adviser and head. The funds for this shed and confusion. The rebels still building were chiefly supplied by libheld Nanking, and had threatened eral contributions from friends in Peking itself, and soon after swept America. The hall passed out of the down, menacing Shanghai and cap- hands of the builders and decorators turing Ningpo, till they were expelled just in time for the meeting of the from the last city and gradually Conference. It was a memorial hall driven back; and after two more for the loving remembrance of the deyears of desperate resistance were parted saints, Chinese and western, finally crusht in 1864, leaving China who had lost their lives in the Boxer shattered and shaken after foreign uprising. Notice the wonderful progwar and internal conflict, from which ress of the Church of Christ, that the perhaps even now she has scarcely re- period of martyrdom has come. The covered. Christians are numerous enou~h and The effect of that rebellion on mis-

evident enough to excite the notice must be content with provincial or and animosity of the enemy-ay! district conferences, tho the sigh and and strong enough to face death- the sob for union, which was borne on men, women, and children too-will- the air during the whole conference, ingly and deliberately, waving aside must not be silenced or supprest by the offer of reward and honor and such separate acts of council. This wealth, if they will but revile Christ was perhaps one of the saddest and and trample on His Word-ready to at the same time one of the most face the fire and flood, the sword and gladly significant signs, at this Contorture, and thousands of them actu- ference. It was ascertained that there ally passing through these to their are more than 80 bodies outside the Lord's presence and glad welcome. In Roman communion at work for Christ this hall, on the ground floor, were in China, and 52 were actually represeated a thousand missionaries, and sented at the Conference. Thank these were the chosen delegates and God, we could not but say, first of all, representatives of the four or five that missionary zeal has fired almost thousand working in the land-as every Christian body in Christendom! many Christian workers, that is, But alas! was the answering note, chosen from a large number as there why is it necessary that those who were Christians of all ages and classes profess to believe the one faith once in all China forty-six years before; delivered to the saints, should insist and a hundred delegates and visitors on exaggerating their differences of in the gallery, and on the platform- mere expression, and dissensions as to that is, the full number of the mis- the forms and institutions of the sionary band in all China so long be- Faith, so as to divide themselves fore. into separate organizations, clustered round individual and isolated Chris- These missionaries, from Europe tian truth, instead of carrying their and America and Australasia are favorite and specialized beliefs into outnumbered by at least five to one by the communion of one Church, Primithe great body of Chinese clergy and tive, Apostolic, Scriptural, Catholic, pastors, evangelists and school-teach- Reformed, in which harmonized and ers, working in the land, and repre- not isolated all these individual truths sent a body of Christians nearly 200,- may be found, and so present to the 000 strong in communicants, and world that wonder the convicting and quite half a million of baptized men, persuasive power of which our Lord women, and children. It was felt at Himself prayed for and foretoldthis conference, that so greatly had "That they all may be one, that the God blest and increased His Church world may believe." This aspiration in China, that this must be the was almost continually exprest, but last General Conference ever to be in differing forms and with different held in one place. No building can be constructed large enough to hold suggestions. 'r am not sure that we the numbers who should attend such a general gathering, including (as it are nearer corporate union than we must, of course, do in the future) Chi- were fifty years ago, but Christen- !lese delegates 1l~ well as English. We dom seems more and more alive to the sorrow and shame of our unhappy

I9 I2 ] CHINA-A RETROSPECT OF FIFTY YEARS

divisions, as year by year brings us per waters of the Yangtse River, Hannearer to the coming of the Lord and kow being an open port 600 miles the great day of account. from Shanghai. This was a very definite advance, but being a treaty It was noteworthy that the mis- port, it was not so significant an adsionary delegates at the great confer- vance as the tentative and afterward ence which I am describing, came, I permanent extension of the C. M. S. believe, from every province in China; II SCIENCE LADORA TORY AND MUSEUM IN THE Y. M. C. A., CHENGTU certainly to-day missionaries are to be to Hankow, the capital of Chekiang, found living and working in each four days' journey inland, in I864, province of the empire. The con- followed by the American Presbytetrast in this respect is significant in- rian mission to the same great city. deed. With the exception of the Then three years later the mission Jesuit missionaries who had long be- with the specific name of the China fore penetrated in disguise into the Inland arrived, and starting from this interior (tho statistics of Roman same already occupied post, its wonmissions are not easily attainable), derful history of expansion and penethere were no resident Protestant tration commenced, in which most of missionaries or established stations in the other Protestant missions are now the inland districts of China in I86r. taking part. There has been in some The departure of Dr. Griffith John, cases violent and murderous opposiwhich I witnessed in August of that tion, as in the Changsha region in year, for Hankow, under the L. M. S., r893, which was accompanied and fol- lowed by most truculent and virulent was the first penetra.tion into the up-

placards denouncing and condemning difficulties and delays of older travel; to expulsion anct annihilation all for- and while the facilities of travel may eigners and Christians who should possibly unify the differing dialects dare to violate the borders of Hunan. of the Chinese spoken language, they Farther south, also, in the inland re- will greatly help in gaining access to gions of Fukien, at Kucheng, sud- all the land.

den fanatical attacks resulted in the Changes in Methods murder of a whole missio:ury party, well loved not only by their own The passage of the years in this Christian friends, but by the people half century now under review has generally; and the Christian forbear- not, however, in the writer's opinion, ance exhibited and the refusal of re- brought much change in the plans prisals have left there, and in other and agencies of missionary work. The places of martyrdom for Christ's sake, building has grown indeed, and has the result of Christian life and revival been enlarged, but its foundations and growth. But in the great major- have not been altered nor its general ity of instances, our advance and oc- plan deviated from. The cords have cupation, in the peaceful wars of the been lengthened, but the stakes, where Lord, of city or country town, tho any Christian work worthy of the seldom unchallenged, have been ef- name is established, are the same fected by consideration and concilia- stakes, wherever planted. "Other tory action. foundation can no man lay than that There are still great regions in the is laid, that is Jesus Christ." No new Chinese empire, and a very large num- method of any vital importance un- ber of citif's, market-towns, and popu- known fifty years ago is, so far as lous villages unoccupied, and scarcely the writer is aware, now in opera- touched by Christian missions. If tion. There has been great develop- there be, say, at the outside, two mil- ment and advance, but on the old lion five hundred thousand nominal lines; the change most notable, discust Christians of all churches, Roman and below, is (if we mistake not) for the Protestant, in China, that number, tho worse not for the better, retrograde very large, compared with the few not forward. Half a century ago, in thousands fifty or sixty years ago, yet the early dawn of what is called the leaves 397,500,000 outside the fold of modern age of missions in China, the Church, unconverted and largely evangelistic work, as far and as wide unevangeJized. I have not noticed as possible, took the first place. Med- the increased facilities for travel in ical missions were very early pro- China itself, which should encourage jected, and have grown and flourish- and stimulate us in endeavoring, in ed wonderfully. Educational work, the power of the Holy Ghost, to grap- primary and secondary, with western ple with this great problem of reach- learning and languages, was natural ing the unevange1ized, The increase and successful among a people de- of steam navigation on the inland voted to education. One of our waters of China and the rapid growth Anglo-Chinese schools in Shanghai of the railway system in all dIrec- was founded quite sixty years ago, tions, contrast startlingly with the and is flourishing to-day.

CHINA-A RETROSPECT OF FIFTY YEARS

Literary work, also, first the prepa- a foreign sect, and as such as of ration and perfecting of translations doubtful use and reliability, but as a of the Bible into wen-li, the book power of supernatural and spiritual language, and into Kwan-hwa and energy, so that now, not in the mere the other dialects of China, and language of the Treaty of Tientsin, then the preparation of books 011 the but in the estimation of many of the evidences of Christianity, and trans- rulers and of multitudes of the peolations of our best theological and ple: it is regarded as a religion which general literature into Chinese, and teaches the love of others as we love treatises and tracts for distribution, ourselves. We hope this process of were followed, soon after the Taiping acceptance and peaceful conquest, but upheaval (which, indeed, in its out- with deeper conviction and fuller burst of a kind of revival of learning knowledge, will be accelerated. But and thirst for the languages and lit- we utter, and that not without cause, eratures of the West, resembled the this warning. If the churches do not recent upheaval in China, culminating awake and "consider their ways," as it seems in the revolution of to- there may be decline and death. If day)-by magazines mingling devo- there be much talk about strategic tional and ethical article~ with science plans and movements, instead of adpages and historical and geographical vance in force, frontal and on the supplements. These magazines were flanks; if there be much discussion of very largely read by Chinese gradu- problems and suggestions to meet ates competing in the examinations merely imaginary new requirements for their second degree which quali- in this new age; if there be dissatisfied for office, because into the exam- faction with the evidences of the ination papers some twenty years ago Faith, which have satisfied deep questions on engineering and mining thinkers of all ages; if a Bible disand chemistry and other branches of sected, and discredited in parts, be science were one by one inserted in offered, instead of "the word of the the place of the old questions on phi- truth of the Gospel" infallible and inlosophy and ethics and government, spired; jf our Lord's testimony to His drawn from their own ancient clas- Word be challenged, and the assumpsics. This undermining process which tions of scholarship be taught instead has led, either for good or for evil, of the old certainties of deeper reto the recent revolution in China's search; if, worst of all, evangelization curriculum of study and examination, and public preaching and from house owes its origin largely to mission lit- to house, be put last and not first in erature and mission schools. All missionary methods-then, it may be, these missionary methods and plans and agencies continue, very widely eGod forbid it!) that the glory of our spread and in efficient force, and the hold which Christianity has acquired work for great China may be even on the empire is a very definite and now departing. manifest one. It is now regarded, and especially since the Boxer upri- Chinese Church Growth sing eleven years ago, not so much as Meanwhile, the native churches- would that we could say rather, the one native Church of China-are de-

vel oping self-support, self-govern- of many, in this same connection. Has ment, and self-extension in many the time nearly arrived when we may places, notably in the Swatow region, safely leave to the Chinese churches, and in Chekiang and Kiangsu; and and to this enlightened, educated, and everywhere these principles are recog- civilized people generally, the freenized as the marks of a living and dom and power (with the Bible, of g-rowing church. course, in their hands) to think for themselves, to decide on their own Ve must not forget that the estab- form of religion, and perchance to inlishment of such a Christian Church vent or discover something better in China, through ever accumulating suited to the Chinese instinct than the individual conversions and households forms and the dogmas and the instituand communities brought to God, has tions which we bring to them? Or, been from the first the goal set before further, instead of this voluntary rethe Western churches. Our chief fear moval of Vestern influence, shall we has been lest a premature sigh of re- be startled soon by a request not from lief (if I may use such an expression) the new government of China alone, be heard in the west, the suggestion but from the Christian Chinese that even now we may leave the fur- churches themselves that we be good ther evangelization of the Chinese na- enough to evacuate the land and the tion to the Chinese Christians them- field, and leave China in this, as in selves. This is surely an error. So other respects, to the Chinese? What long as there are multitudes to be is our duty in the interval, which may evangelized in China, and so long as be a short one? Not, surely, to sound the native Church, sorely prest by the as our farewell message doubt and necessities of self-support and self- criticisms of the Faith; and, with a government, can not, without assist- kind of sympathetic recital of the herance, overtake the vast work of win- esies and schisms through which the ning China for Christ-so long our Church, after long centuries, has won work as evangelists and teachers re- her way back to the faith and discimains, if they will have us in China. pline of the earliest days; to say now, We must be content, however, much "Try your Chinese hand on some more than in days gone by, to act fresh heresies and schisms, or peras colleagues, companions, fellow or chance on some new discoveries of even subordinate helpers, instead of truth." But rather this, "We combeing in the past, almost from neces- mend to yon the deposit we have resity perhaps, leaders, superintendents, ceived, dogmatic, precise, yet deep controllers. And with these altered and broad and exhaustless in grace circumstances we shall find that a and wonder, as God's truth. So we large contingent of native agents, preach, so ye believed, so teach others agents in the same sense that we are when our voices are silent. One agents, paid of course when necessary, Lord, one Spirit divine, one Faith, or voluntarily helping us, will be to one Baptism, one God and Father of the end an absolutely essential ele- all, above all, throngh all, and in you ment in our machinery. all, in China as in all the world."

Two other reflections remain, and two other possibilities, in the opinion

Hope

SCENE AT THE OPENING OF THE LARGEST CHURCH IN FORMOSA ORMOSA under Japan ening of their trousers, a tightening mF is quite a different of their sleeves, some smattering of , place from that under knowledge, a handful of foreign phrases, a taste of science, a touch of the Chinese twenty agnosticism."

years ago. Then it The greater number of the Chinese was much the same as * population (over 3,000,000) inhabit China. "The Chinese in Formosa," the broad, rich fertile plain on the west coast. They live in hamlets ensays a recent writer, "whether in town circled by tall bamboos, whose wel- come shade screens the thatched huts or country, laugh and weep as they from view. Traveling along the rail- way line clumps of bamboo-trees are did a thousand years ago; they have seen here and there all over the plain, and one who did not know the habits the same cares, the same anxieties of the people would be inclined to ask, as a visitor once did, "Yes! Formosa about crops and business, the same is a very beautiful place, but where are the people?" Business and farmplanning to find wives for their sons * In addition to the Chinese there are about and husbands for their daughters, the 771000 Japanese, and an estimated population of about rODiODD savages who inhabit the mountains same dread of demons and offended and the East Coast.

spirits, the same longing for wealth and sons and honor the length of days, the same vague fear of death.

The new thing in Formosa is this, not a little modification in their surround- ings, a slight change in their customs, a shortening of their coats, a length-

ing may be said to be the chief occu- nese gentleman. A new learning and pations. But now conditions have new ambitions are taking the place of opened up new pursuits and employ- the old. In another generation it will ments. "Large numbers find employ- be a rare thing to find a boy wellment and good wages in government versed in Chinese literature. The offices, in the camphor distilleries, in Chinese classics are no longer taught the tea plantations, on the railway, in the schools in the same thorough FOUR JAPANESE AND A CROWD OF MOUNTAIN SAVAGES, FORMOSA and in the huge sugar-crushing mills; way that they used to be. Japanese and away among the hills where enor- is eagerly sought for its commercial mous works are being opened to con- value. Clerks and accountants in trol the rivers so as to generate elec- banks and offices and post-offices are tricity, and then lead the water to now wanted, just as English-speaking irrigate vast tracts of land which at men are wanted on the coast of China. present are desert."* No longer does the old-fashioned Chinese scholar take The coming of Japan has wrought the first rank in the time-honored many changes in the social life of the quartet of employments~scholars, Chinese. Some of them are for good, farmers, workmen, traders. The lit- and some for evil. The rites of properary man with the long flowing gar- erty have become more secure. The ment has almost disappeared; and endless feuds as to the ownership of along with him have gone many of land have come to an end. Courts of the old courtly manners of the Chi- law have been established where a certain measure of justice is meted *Chinese Recorder) 1909. Articles on Formosa, out to all, Christian and heathen by Rev. D. Ferguson Simon. alike. As an instance of the thorough

IN FORMOSA TO-DAY

way in which the Japanese deal with bling is unknown. A few weeks ago disease, the effort to exterminate I met a drove of handcuffed men beplague might be mentioned. They ing led off to the central Formosa levy a tax on every household of two prison for secret gambling. The other rats. A fine is imposed on those who day, when walking over the hills with fail to produce the tax. Every rat is a friend, we raised from a hollow a examined, and if found to be plague- little group of gambling youths, who infected the house from which the started up like game from a hillside rats came has to be thoroughly heath. They fled like hares. I never cleansed and disinfected. During the saw Chinamen run so fast before. last eight years 34,944,435 rats have Opium-smoking among old smokers is JAPANESE SOLDIERS ATTACKING HEAD-HUNTING SAVAGES IN FORMOSA been destroyed. Twice a year every tolerated, but new licenses are not house and shop has to disgorge all its easily obtained. Thus the government effects, and be thoroughly cleaned out. have reduced and almost abolished Rows of tables line the streets, covered violent crime. As a man said when with bottles and boots, and fruits, and preaching with me in a village the boxes, and tins and cans, and pots and other day, "Is not this a time of pans, while an inspector passes along peace? Tether your cattle to that and goes in to see that the shops have tree over the night, and who will dare been properly cleaned. Fancy Broad- to come and steal? Vhat a change way, New York, or Fleet Street, Lon- from the former time!" The Japdon, having to undergo an ordeal like anese are demonstrating in the eyes this! Then there is such a complete of all that much that is good can be and thorough system of espionage brought into the social life of a people that open crime such as theft or gam- by making crime difficult.

BUFFALOES USED TO CRUSH SUGAR-CANE IN FORMOSA "When all is said and done about Japanese are squeezing as much out the Japanese occupation of Formosa," of the island for themselves as they says Mr. Ferguson, "one can not but possibly can." Of course, the Chinese acknowledge many improvements. I benefit accidentally, and possibly they think I am safe in saying that, barring are grateful. On the whole, the the savages on the high mountains, younger generation is pleased with there are few places in the world the new order of things. But they do where life and property at the present not love the nation that rules. Their time are so safe. Some of us can re- attitude is one of cordial dislike or member days when to travel unpro- even hatred. They are fully alive to tected during the Chinese New Year the benefits the Japanese have introseason meant a likelihood of being at- duced. But altho like the dogs, they tacked and plundered, and possibly do eat fairly big crumbs that fall from killed by highway robbers." the master's table, it is not to say that they would not prefer to share in It is fairly evident that the Japanese the feast. The other day a missionary are expioiting the island of Formosa was speaking of progress and awakenfor their own benefit. They are here ing in China. The question at once to develop the resources of the island sprung to the lips of his Chinese primarily for themselves. The other friend, "Then do you think some day day, when the engineer in a sugar- China will be able to win back Formill was explaining to me how the mosa ?" That is the hope that lies modern machinery extracted 80 per concealed in the hearts of roo per cent. cent. of the juice out of the cane, of the Chinese in Formosa. twice as much as the old native mill drawn by cattle, I thought, "Well! The mission work on the island is that is just an illustration of how the shared by two churches, the Cana-

IN FORMOSA TO-DAY

dian Presbyterian in the north, and aries have devoted much time to the the English Presbyterian in the training of pastors and preachers, the south. The work of the former was organization of the native church, and opened in I872, and for long carried aggressive evangelistic effort. Medion single-handed by its able and vig- cal work has been richly blest, esorous founder, Dr. Mackay, author of pecially in the early days, and through a book entitled, "From Far Formosa." the ministry of healing the love of The mission of the English Presby- God has been revealed to not a few. terian Church was founded a few At the present time in connection with years earlier, in I865. The field is the two missions there are eighteen an ideal one in the sense that we have foreign missionaries; 9 native pastors, no sectarian rivalry.* The island is I IO unordained preachers, over 300 divided between the two missions, elders and deacons, a membership of and each works its own separate field. more than 5,000 in full communion, There is reason to hope, however, that and a worshiping community of erelong the two native churches will many thousands. The givings of the be united in one. Both mISSIons nCltive church total a sum of some have established schools, hospitals, 15,000 yen (a yen is about a half-doland theological colleges. From the lar gold). A missionary magazine, beginning the preaching of the Gospel published in roman letters in the south, has been the great aim. The mission- has just attained its semi-jubilee, and has a circulation of 1,000 copies a * There are one or two straggling Roman Ca:ho- month. "Early in January, I906, on an lie chapels and several Spanish priests on the appointed Sabbath, a census of church island. They don't trouble us much.

A BU}'FALO FIELD CART IN FORMOSA

attendance was taken in the English a clear and steady light. Many a Presbyterian Church Mission. Abso- time we are put to shame when we lutely no special preparation was made see a poor farmer giving 10 or 20 yen for it. Apart from the preachers few to the building of a new church. How knew they were being counted. The eager some are to tell the glad news actual attendance in South Formosa of salvation to friends and neighbors. in eighty-seven places of worship was How ready they are, if need be, to 12,931. The census also showed that suffer for Christ's sake and the Gos- there were 4,079 who could intelli- pel's. The quality of the Christians gently read the Bible in roman letters.* and the success which has attended The Gospel has now been brought the preaching of the Gospel in Formo- well within the reach of the Chinese sa are set forth in the pages of a book nese population.t Churches have been entitled "The Heathen Heart," which placed at almost every strategic point. a well-known Presbyterian minister in But much remains to be done. The Scotland has called "the most illumi- little groups of worshiping people nating book on missions I have ever are few in numbers, and feeble in read." It is written by Mr. Campbell strength. Thousands have never Moody, formerly missionary in inidheard the Gospel. To many who have Formosa. He is probably one of the heard once and again it is nothing most successful evangelistic mission-_ more than a strange tale. Altho in a aries of modern times. The book sense the entire field is possest, the finds little use for statistics; but one work of evangelization is only be- lays it down with the conviction that ginning. the Gospel has begun to take its re- deeming grip of Formosa. To those The progress of Christianity can interested in the progress of the Gosnot, however, be demonstrated by fig- pel not only in this island, but in all ures. These may serve a useful pur- China, I warmly commend this book. pose. But its ultimate success is assured rather by the presence of a few A great change has taken place in choice men and women, than by large the conditions of mission work since numbers of "converts." And so it is the coming of the Japanese. Forin this that we rejoice, that here and merly things were much the same as there in market towns and remote vil- they are in China to-day. To become lages there are those whose lives bear a Christian often meant the loss of unmistakable evidence of the trans- all things. Many of the older conforming power of the religion of verts suffered in this way under Chi- Jesus Christ. The patience, and nese rule. One of our pastors forcourage, and steadfastness, and zeal, sook all when a mere lad to follow and liberality of the Chinese Chris- Christ. But that day has gone past. tians, when placed against the dark No man now can seize a neighbor's background of heathenism, shine with goods just because he is a Christian. A certain measure of civil and relig- *Chinese Recorder} 1909. Article by Mr. Fergu- ious liberty has come with Japanese son. rule. The hand of the oppressor is restrained. Persecution bitter enough t No work as yet has been opened among the still prevails. But a Christian man savages. Both missions have a few stations among the half·civilized aborigines. The way, we hope, will Soon be opened up for an approach into the savage country. FOBMOSA 10 ! ! 40 .Ihl' …..il/Ylge .tlflln.'l.~ Of'CUP!I tht J!I/rr nd Eastojtlwdottt'dllM -.-.- – "

_ ,._-r.

OJ.

IN FORMOSA TO-DAY

can now call his house and his lands world's history. The extent of the his own. The Japanese do not allow Roman Empire as an open field of a man to be openly persecuted because evangelization, the diffusion of the of his religion. This new state of Greek language as a channel of genthings has brought about considerable eral communication, the dispersion of changes in the work of a missionary. the Jews, all these conditions had pre- That department of work known in pared the way for the spread of the China by the name of "cases," ending Gospel. So it would seem as if the fit sometimes in lawsuits, has entirely moment had come to press forward disappeared. Seldom do preachers in the work of evangelization her.e.

A JOURNEY BY CHAIR ALONG THE FORMOSA SEACOAST ever visit a missionary with a view to Hindrances have been removed; the obtaining his influence on the side of individual possesses a liberty he never a church-member in the settlement of had before; the preacher finds a readia case. The Japanese would not tol- ness to hear wherever he goes. erate interference for one moment. Moreover, this freedom of the indi- But while all that is so, it must be vidual, protected as he now is from admitted that this breaking up of the the bullying tactics of headmen and solidarity of the clan, and setting the influential clansmen, constitute a fresh individual free to think and act for opening for the Christian Church and himself, has not been attended with the great accessions to the church one the missionary. Ii: is a favorite might have expected to follow under such favorable conditions. No doubt thought with Paul that Christ came just at the fittest moment in the it has opened the way for some to

A COUNTRY CHURCH IN FORMOSA enter the Church. But why not mul- comes in. The house is swept and titudes? I remember how in China garnished, but who is to enter in and many a Christian said to me that if take possession? But deeper than all only this great obstacle of clan perse- this is the hindrance in the heart of cution could be removed the millen- man, which, in these days of peace nium would come almost at once. and order, as in the, wild and turbulent Multitudes would flock into the days of Chinese rule, remains the Church at the sound of the Sabbath same-alienated from God the Father bells. The reasons are not far to and His Son Jesus Christ. So that seek. New conditions have brought while we can not but acknowledge new hindrances. The devil is not go- with gratitude that present conditions ing to let us have things all our own are better than the past, and see way, even altho his nails have been therein a call to greater zeal and clipt a bit. The Japanese have effort in the time to come, the misbrought much that is good, but they sionary problem remains the same. can not in any sense be called a Christian nation. The very people who Looking out into the future we are stamp out gambling and opium-smo- not blind to the fact that there is room king with such a firm hand have for some special agencies. An Indian brought with them prostitution, wine- missionary lamented that comparadrinking, and many other evils that tively few of the more respectable and threaten more and more to become influential classes attended the preachformidable hindrances to the Church. ing of the Gospel in bazaars and other One set of vices goes out and another places of public resort. The condi- tions in Formosa are yqstly different

IN FORMOSA TO-DAY

A TOWN CHURCH IN FORMOSA from those in India. Yet we must ad- like the Y. M. C. A. Already the mit that we do need some institution American Branch has sent out one specially suited to influence the edu- man to the capital city of Taihoku, cated young men of new Formosa. where he is now teaching Japanese The estahlishment of an Anglo-J apa- boys in a government school, with the nese College for Chinese, where in a object of using his influence on the Christian atmosphere the saving truths side of Christianity. A Christian lady of Christianity might he imparted to also is employed by the Japanese to heathen lads preparing for husiness teach English in a hoys' school in the and other lines of life, has heen sug- same city. She has a large Bible gested. The usefulness of such an in- class on Sabbaths in her own ' house. stitution would largely depend on how The president of the school wished to far the Christian aim of the school interdict her as religion is not allowed was kept well to the front. The re- to be taught in the school; but she religious influence of an educational in- plied that neither he nor the Emperor stitution where Christianity is not ag- of Japan could keep her from teachgressive may be very small indeed. ing religion in her own house. Some But a well-equipped and thoroughly such work as this among educated Cllristian school of this kind is much Chinese hays is much needed. needed. Lack of funds and men precludes our mission from proceeding Vhile, however, all that has been' with such a scheme. In the larger said with regard to special agencies is cities also there is work that could he true, we feel as missionaries, called upon to continue with unabated zeal well undertaken by a.n organization the work of evangelization. That

there is need for some special agencies that the growth of the Church itself, does not at all imply that the ordinary and the urgent can for varied minismethods of evangelization are inade- tries for its organization and the fuller quate or are to be displaced. We are training of its members, sometimes very jealous of any new work that threaten to overshadow, or even to would reduce the number of men en- displace. the aggressive evangelistic gaged in the work of evangelization. effort in which all missions must be- And in this we believe we are in line gin, and in which they ought steadwith the divine will. Preach the Gos- fastly to continue, whatever be the pel, train others to preach, and go urgency of other calls." with them into the forefront of the battle, these are the words written on In conclusion, while we have cause the banner we hold aloft. The great for gratitude when we see the growth mass of the people are accessible by in numbers and liberality and Christthe divinely appointed method of likeness in many churches, the future preaching. Never was there such an is not without grounds for anxiety, opportunity for evangelistic preaching and calls for much watchfulness and as there is to-day. The foolishness prayer. Some of the older churches of preaching has proved a power unto have lost their first love. The lax obsalvation in Formosa. We believe servance of the Sabbath in Japan is that God meant to bless it more and beginning to affect the Chinese church more. With all our heart do we en- in Formosa. Traveling on the Lord's dorse the words of a leading mission- Day, involving much labor, and deary in China: "The time has by no priving many of their rightful and means gone by for the old elementary divinely appointed rest, is becoming evangelistic work, by which the first too common. It behooves us, howknowledge of the truth of the Gospel ever, not to lose heart, but to gird on is brought within the reach of those the armor of the Lord that we may outside. The opportunities for evan- meet the enemy, and repulse him, and gelistic work widen with the Church's enthrone Jesus Christ as King, unto growth, but it must be acknowledged whom shall be all the Glory, even unto the ends of the earth.

A MODERN MIRACLE IN CHINA BY SHERWOOD EDDY UR trip through the caped, but among all those we met none had so marvelous an escape, mO Province of Shansi has none more thrilling adventures, and taken us along the none were more heroic than Mr. and path of the Boxer up- Mrs. Green and Miss Gregg, whom ~ rising to the scenes of we saw in Shansi. The story can best the terrible massacres be told in Mr. Green's own words, as in China, and has brought us in touch we heard it from his lips. with many of the heroes of those days. Few missionaries in Shansi es- "It was very soon after our return

A MODERN MIRACLE IN CHINA

to Hwuy-luh on April 1st that increas- presence there should become known. ing rumors of trouble with the society About midnight our cook came with known as "The Boxers" in the district two inquirers and the news that our north of Pao-ting-fu reached us, and home had been looted by the rabble by the middle of May things seemed that day, and we were now practically to be getting really serious. The con- homeless. By Monday, the 19th, the tinued drought 1ll the province caused report that we were living on Lotusmuch unrest among the people, and flower Mountain had reached the vilno doubt tended to accelerate and lage near-by. There was quickly an strengthen the anti-foreign movement. uproar. After quietly assuring them The anti-foreign party, taking advan- that we would go, they left us, and tage of this, issued broadcast inflam- we were face to face with the fact matory placards, with various inju- that go we must; but where? We rious accusations, saying there would were all trying to choke down some be no rain until all foreigners were food when the keeper himself arrived. exterminated. He said, "Don't be afraid, I have an- other place for you; it is a natural On Monday, July 2d, our little cave high up on the face of the mounhousehold were at prayer when a mes- tain." The last two hundred feet was senger I had sent returned with a re- a steep, trackless climb. Soon we ply from the telegraph clerk saying were all sitting breathless in His own that all the mission premises in Pao- "Cleft in the Rock." On inspecting ting-fu had been destroyed the pre- our home we found how damp it was, vious day, all the foreigners killed, only one small place on the ground, and that many natives, both Protes- about five feet by three, really dry, tants and Catholics, had perished. We and here we spread our bedding. We began to consider the advisability of were hidden alike from friend or foe. seeking a place of retreat where we This was the first of our wonderful decould hide until the terrible Governor liverances from death, for they cerof Shansi and his followers, had tainly would have killed us had we passed through. A temple-keeper, fallen into their hands. The two having a few days previously volun- days spent in this cave were truly a tarily offered us a room in his temple trial to our faith. We all felt chilled on the mountain near-by, we sent a to the bone, and our food supply was man to see the place and make ar- very meager; in fact by mid-day on rangements for our going. We had Wednesday we had very little left, prayer with the Christians, commend- but the God who sent the ravens to ing each other to our loving Heavenly Elijah sent us a feast of unleavened Father, and just about midnight we, cakes and cucumbers, by the hand of carrying the sleeping children, with a man who had been at one time in our one servant attending, set off for our employ. With thankfulness too deep three-mile walk and mountain climb. for words we welcomed our relief It was just beginning to show signs of party, who, with us, could hardly keep dawn when we reached the gateway back the tears of emotion and joy. of our retreat, tired and sick at heart. The people searched for us aU day in It was one long strain all the next day every nook and cave they could find. to keep the children quiet, in case our

A party of the Boxers also tried to As I did so I saw through the open find us, but failed. Not daring to pro- door several Boxers run across the long our stay in this damp cave, we courtyard, and heard one shout, "All moved the next night to a place of get outside and on to the roo£." The hiding in a neighboring farmhouse. blood was now streaming down my face, but clear-ing my eyes with my From time to time we heard of dif- handkerchief I saw one of them on rerent mission stations being destroy- the roof opposite just firing at me. It ed. Sickness, too, came to test us. was an old flint-lock and only flashed Miss Gregg had a very serious attack in the pan. Then two others appeared of dysentery, which lasted about a farther along the roof, armed with week. My dear wife passed through guns, and sought to aim at me three weeks of great suffering with through the doorways and windows abscesses in her ear, while I myself as I staggered from room to room, was troubled with neuralgia and indi- scarcely knowing what I was doing gestion nearly the whole time. -I think I was looking for a way of With the third week of our stay at escape. I made my way back to the the farm it began to be whispered cave, and said to my wife, "They have about in the villages that we were shot me in the head; it is certain death there. On Thursd<ty morning, Au- for us, and only a matter of time now. gust 10th, when warning was given We are not worthy, but He is worthy." that several men were approach- After briefly committing each other ing, we quickly hid ourselves in a to our Faithful Creator, we made our cave, while the women covered the way through to the kitchen. Not a entrance with some household chat- soul could be seen through the open tels. Soon the tramping of many doorway, but as I stept on the threshfeet, and loud altercations could be old I saw a man on each side against heard; for the Boxers had arrived. the wall with huge, ghastly swords We thought of the dear children, uplifted. Stepping back for a moment whose piteous cries of "Will they kill to tell the ladies to be prepared, I us?" "Are they going to kill us now?" walked out with one of the children pierced deeper than any Boxer's in my arms, the ladies following with knife. AIe told them that very soon the other child. Ve were immediately we would be with Jesus. seized and those great knives bran- dished over our heads. Having se- I was led to go out and plead with cured all that was now left of our those men for the lives of the ladies clothing, bedding, etc., they proceeded and the little ones. Groping my way to search our persons, even to the tearalong the passage, I stooped and ing off of my wife's wedding ring and lifted the curtain which covered the spectacles. The villagers had turned hole, and was just creeping through out en masse on the surrounding hills when one of them fired at me. By and saw us led away, each overshadthe dull heavy thud on my head I owed by a couple of those awful knew I was wounded, and was con- knives, while those with firearms scious of falling through the entrance, walked in the rear. There was real then rising to my feet I seemed to sympathy on the faces of many in spin round two or three times, and leaned against the wall for support.

A MODERN MIRACLE IN

the enormous crowd lining the streets I was. A shake-down was made for as we passed along, and among them us on the floor of the prison room. the tear-stained face of our serving The officials, headman and others with woman, to whom Miss Gregg called him, were moved to pity to see little out as we passed, "We are not afraid; John, as soon as the bed was spread, God is with us." get down from my knee, crawl along on it, stretch himself out full length We were first shut up in our own and immediately fall fast asleep. There home, and when the Mandarin official was a prisoner in the cage at one end arrived we were handed over to him of the room, and five or six men slept and lodged in a small temple within on the brick bed at the other, but we the Yamen precincts. The relief of were too far gone to care for these finding ourselves really out of the things, and lying Gown all in a row hands of the Boxers, and the deep were soon fast asleep, for neither the thankfulness of our hearts to God for ladies nor I had slept for four days. this second deliverance from death, About 9 A.M. we left the Yamen to were very great. On examining. my go on to Pao-ting-fu by cart, thirty wound we found it was a full charge miles more of awful jolting over bad of No. I shot I had received, and roads. Arriving there we were taken that owing to my peculiar stooping straight to the district Yamen. position at the time, my head, shoul- Alighting from the cart, almost beders, arms, face and back had all fore I was aware of what was haptaken their share. As blood, hair and pening, we were separated, the ladies clothing were now firmly clotted we and children being taken to the womdecided to leave it so till I could get en's lock-up, and I was marched off proper surgical treatment. I suffered to the men's common prison. I found terribly that night, which we spent on myself in a filthy yard, with some some reed mats spread on the damp twenty prisoners in various stages of floor of the temple. We were out dirt and wretchedness. Spreading my very soon after daylight, and by seven coverlet on the damp ground, I lay o'clock we had left the city. On down and cried; not for the ignominy arriving at an inn I thankfully lay heaped upon us, but the thought of down to rest, but alas ! not for long. being separated from my dear wife Ve were soon to be undeceived, for and children at this time was unbeara man from the Yamen came to say able. Some one sent to fetch me back that another cart was waiting in the to the cart. The ladies and children yard to take us on the next stage of were already there. Soon a fast inour journey to Pao-ting-fu. It was creasing and excited crowd was surcertain death to send us to Pao-ting- ging about the cart. Several of the fu, where the foreigners had already city Boxers appeared with their guns been killed, but he declared that go and great s'vvords, and took up their on we must, practically without a position around us. I overheard the rest day or night for forty hours. spokesman of our Boxer party say, God most certainly gave the strength "There will be trouble here very and grace, or no ladies could have shortly." To that man, under God, taken such a journey; to say nothing we undoubtedly owe our Iiv~s on thisl Qf th~ chi1dr~n and o~~ wou~ded qS

the third wonderful deliverance from is held by Boxers at several points on death. He had gone to the mandarin the way down, and it would be cerand pleaded for us, showing him that tain death for ourselves as well as for we would certainly be killed as soon you, to attempt to get through. Our as we got out of the city. After an orders from the Governor were to interview with the mandarin, he gave bring you down the river so far and orders that a room in the women's to kill you and put you out of the lock-up should be cleared for us. And way." As he spoke he pointed to his now taking this, the first opportunity big, ugly knife, which I had seen him since I was shot, my wife and Miss sharpening since we left Pao-ting-fu. Gregg set about cleaning my wounds Apparently our little girl's kindness and to see what could be done to re- had touched his heart on the journey, move some of the pellets. With the and he had determined to spare us. aid of a broken-pointed penknife and He went on to say, "We don't intend a needle, five or six were extracted. to commit such a sin. We have no quarrel with you, but you must leave The Plol of the Boxers the boat now and make the best of it for yourselves." Protest was useless; The next day, August 15th, one of we were simply stunned and moved the Yamen men came to say that ar- on as if in a dream. Gathering torangements had been made to take gether our few belongings, we took us on to Tientsin by boat, and that the children in our anTIS and went we were starting that clay. Twelve ashore. Tears came into the eyes of runners went before the carts, while the spokesman when on stepping from several Boxers. with drawn swords the boat, with John in my arms, I also acted as escorts. Arriving at the turned and, putting my hands toriver side, we were soon on the boat. gether in Chinese fashion, thanked The plan undoubtedly was to kill us, him. Getting quickly over the bank, and I saw a pile of cash placed on the we were soon out of sight among the boat, which apparently was the blood reeds and thick undergrowth, without money paid to the Boxers for killing having been seen by anyone. Maus at a distance down the river. Soon king sure to be completely hidden after sunrise we were passing a walled from' anyone who might be passing city thirty miles from Pao-ting-iu. A along the bank, we spread out our little later the boat stopt and was bedding and sat down to think and moored to the bank. Saying some- pray. Slowly one began to realize thing which I did not quite under- that for the fourth time our God had stand, the spokesman and the leader delivered us from a cruel death. went ashore together. My wife cried, "Oh, Charlie, something is wrong. Do What a day that was! Most of it ask the other men what it is." I spoke was spent in prayer. At every sound to one of them, but he only wrung of footsteps on the bank we held our his hands and cried, "This is terrible, breath. About the middle of the afterterrible!" Then the two men returned noon we heard the tramping of many and the leader said, "It is all a lie feet and voices along the bank, and about you being taken to Tientsin. knew it was a band of Boxers looking for us by their shouts and shooting off It is impossible to g-et there; the river

A MODERN MIRACLE IN CHINA

guns into the reeds; in about half an and bound hand and foot, they using hour they returned and all was quiet their feet as much as their hands to again. We were terribly bitten by get our arms and legs into position, mosquitoes, and all day the children tho we were quite passive. Then I were pleading for something to drink; suddenly missed the cries of the chilwe, too, suffered much from thirst. dren, and was glad the lambs had When it was quite dark we went to "gone before," and were spared more the river and quenched our thirst. A of these terrible sights. Miss Gregg heavy thunder-storm came up. Cov- was hauled by the hair into a kneeling ering the children as much as possible position, and her head prest down on with the bedding we sat through that a stone. One cried, "Who'll strike?" miserable two hours, all very soon wet but other voices overruling said, "No, to the skin and chilled to the bone. take them all to headquarters first." Half a mile to the west was a city, As we lay there bound in the mud, and we decided to make our way one and another struck us heavily there. About half-way we came to a again and again with the backs of their cottage, and, seeing a light in the win- swords or the handles of spears. As dow, I said, "Let us ask them to help blow after blow fell upon Miss Gregg us." We were invited into the house 110 sound escaped her lips, only a long, and were soon fast asleep. deep sigh. I could not see nor hear my dear wife, who had been dragged Suddenly we were startled by an un- some distance away. Word was given earthly sound in the yard outside; it to carry us off. The handles of two seemed a combination of a hiss and a spears were put through my left arm, growl. With a slash of a drawn a man each taking an end on their sword the reed curtain at the door was shoulders, and I was taken off hangdashed down, and we were again face ing between them by one arm, with to face with a crowd of fierce Boxers. hands tied to my feet behind me. It "Betrayed 1" was the first thought that was only about a quarter of a mile flashed through one's mind. The next to the temple building they used as moment all was confusion. I was headquarters. I should have fainted seized by the hair and dragged to the with the excruciating pain had it been ground, and was conscious of blow much farther. On entering, my face after blow on different parts of my struck heavily against a large earthenbody, and then being trampled on by ware water-tank, and the next minute many feet as others rushed over me to I was thrown down on the wet ground seize my wife and Miss Gregg. I re- of the courtyard. member a pang as I heard the heartrending shrieks of the children, then Escape from Death a sweet calm filled my soul as I committed myself to God. Comparing Hearing the dear children cry, I notes afterward, we have each been then knew they had not been killed as able to testify that this was the calmest moment in our live>, never doubting I supposed. My wife and Miss Gregg for a moment that we should immediately be killed. Now we were drag- were carried in a similar way, the forged outside, thrown down in the mud mer suspended by both hands and feet, the latter by one arm and one leg. Little John was tied hands and

feet, while Vera, with hands tied be- self in the midst of a room full of hind her, was made to walk, having respectable tradesmen and scholars. her feet bound when they got there. These were the civil members of the Now all had arrived, and there was company of the Boxers whose milimuch rejoicing and mutual congrat- tary people captured us. The Govulations that these "Devils" had been ernor had been very angry when he captured. Presently a tall young man heard that we had been let go alive. arrived, who, by his authoritative The civil being a much stronger body voice, I soon knew was recognized as than the military party, had overleader. He came and put a brick ruled any other wish there may have under my head for a pillow, and spoke been, and determined to protect us in encouragingly to me, telling me if I their own interests, and send us down had anything to say not to be afraid to Tientsin when the way was clear. to say it. I requested that if they in- Thus, for the sixth time our lives tended to kill us, they would do it were preserved, tho we were guarded quickly, and not let us go through any night and day by some, at least, who unnecessary suffering. They lifted me would have killed us had they had up and gave me a stool to sit upon, their own way. One day early in the that I might be better able to talk to afternoon our guard were all having them. I was soon, however, too faint a nap, and one solitary sightseer was to sit up, and was glad to be laid peering through at the foreigners. again on the wet ground, now so near Presently a little crumpled tuft of the others that we were able to whis- paper was dropt through on the per to each other, "For Jesus' sake!" floor. I took it up, opened it out, and Vera, too, seemed to understand, and found within, in a good bold hand, in her turn, sought to comfort her these words: "Don't be afraid, for mother by kisses and saying, "Poor Chinese robbers nearly all have been mother! Poor mother!" Just before killed by both Chinese and foreign daybreak we were carried through soldiers. Peking and Tientsin belong into the main temple building. A to Europeans. Now I will go to Tientguard of five or six men was left in sin and tell your armies to protect charge, the remainder being dispersed, you. You may tear it into pieces understanding that our case was to be when you have seen." Looking up I decided in the morning. Thus for the motioned my thanks, and my unknown fifth time we found ourselves deliv- friend left hurriedly. On Monday, ered from death. Many hundreds of September 3d, a company of Boxers Boxers visited us from all the country visited the place, and we noticed that round, carrying their ghastly weapons their attitude toward us was more unand thirsting for our blood. The heat, friendly than usual; one thrust the and myriads of flies, too, were an ad- muzzle of his gun into my wife's face, ditional trial; while at night the mos- and said something to the effect that quitoes, vermin, and rats were terri- "they were going to begin business ble, so that with the hard, uncomfort- to-day." The whole town and neighable bed, and our aching bodies, sleep borhood were in an uproar about us. was out of the question. Later we learned what a difficult mat- ter it had been to keep off the attack- On the Saturday night I found my-

A MODERN MIRACLE IN CHINA

ing party of Boxers, while the civil the outside world for four months, is department held a monster meeting pinned up on the wall, that we may in the city attended by some five hun- constantly refresh ourselves by read- dred tradesmen and gentry, and by ing it,"

good words, apologies, and promises, Here ended Mr. Green's story.

they had succeeded in preventing an Hope was now in sight. But it was attack upon us. Sick, ill, tired, cold, soon to be dashed to the ground. Ow- hungry, and uncertain, the black pall ing to long and terrible exposure dur- of despair was settling down upon my ing the imprisonment at Pao-ting-fu, soul as evening came on. With tears where Horace Pitkin and the others I implored my wife and Miss Gregg were killed, his little daughter, Vera, to pray for me, when suddenly there was taken ill with dysentery, and final- was quiet and music in my heart. ly died on October 10th, after about Later I was invited across to the ten days' illness. It came as a final meeting room, and told that we were crash to the long exile. After' the to leave that evening by boat for Pao- death of his little girl, Mr. Green was ting-fu. It seemed like going to cer- completely broken down and was not tain death again until we learned that able to be moved. Finally, however, the English consul had demanded our on an ambulance he was taken into the protection and safe escort to Tientsin. French camp, and thence under the It was our God who had enabled the British flag. Utterly broken in health people to restrain that horde of Box- the family returned to England, but ers, and just in the nick of time to after a short year of recuperation open the way for our removal from bravely set their faces again toward the place. This I record with deep, China. Back to the same spot where wonder, love and praise, as the he had been betrayed, back to the seventh deliverance from death that same town where in the gate he had He has wrought on our behalf, and been sold for thirty pieces of silver, these seven escapes have al! been as the price put upon his head, back from definite and seen dangers. to the people who had sought his life, We rise now in the scale rapidly; he returned to live out the love of the extra bedding is bought for us and Cross, and fill up that which was lack- I am allowed to have a shave, the ing of the affliction of Christ for His mandarin's own barber being sent for boely's sake. With shining face he the purpose. Thus by rapid strides told us that the Church had multiplied we are transformed from outcasts and. more than tenfold sil~ce the Boxer prisoners into honored guests. About days. And the best is yet to be! All a week after our "promotion," 1 am over China the blood of the martyrs is again given leave to telegraph to proving the seed of the Church. More Shanghai news of our safety, at the converts have been gathered in the 'judge's expense, altho somewhat re- ten years since the uprising than in all stricted as to what I shall say. In the previous ninety years of Christian about six days a reply comes, "Halle- effort. A great price has' been paid.

lujah! Have wired news home. Wait The sacrifice will yet bear fruit.

instructions from Tientsin or Peking." "Worthy is the Lamb that was slain, This, our first communication from to receive-riches!"

AND COOPERATION IN

BY REV. HENRY T. HODGKIN, LONDON, ENGLAND Secretary of the Friends' Foreign Missionary Association gEjVERY one who follows to learn from the experience of those missionary thought, in other and older fields. Unable to even from afar, knows effectively cooperate with organiza- that great advance has tions covering the whole country on been made in regard to account of their geographical isolation the question of unity they have the more earnestly sought to and cooperation during recent years. cooperate with one another. What The thought comes home with peculiar might have been their weakness has, force in reading the report of the in a large measure been turned into Eighth Commission of the World Mis- their strength; and it may even be sionary Conference. Even since that that some of the older fields may be gathering further steps have been able to glean something from the extaken in several fields and at home. perience in this. The movement gathers force with every year. Conditions on the field are Occupying, then, this great West so urgent and problems so vast that we China field are the following missionmust stand together in facing them. ary societies: The new nationalistic spirit in some of the great Eastern nations has added Church Missionary Society. force to the movement. From home China Inland Mission. some additional pressure is now Canadian Methodist Mission. brought to bear, especially because of Friends' Foreign Mission (England). the success of such interdenomination- American Baptist Missionary Union. al movements as the Young Men's and London Missionary Society (until Women's Christian Associations, the Christian Endeavor Movement, the lately). Laymen's Missionary Movement, the Methodist Episcopal Mission. Young People's Missionary Move- United Methodist Mission. ment, and so forth. Foreign Christian Missionary Society.

In the present paper I purpose to Vvith three Bible societies and the deal mainly with what is being ac- Y. M. C. A. complished in one restricted area, not so much because it is a record of good The West China Missions Advisory work done, as because it is typical of Board is the body around which the similar movements elsewhere and an various movements toward closer felindication of the lines on which prog- lowship in Christian work have ress is being, and can be, made with grouped themselves, and with which great advantage. most are to some extent related. The Board was created by the first West vVest China is a compact field, cut China Conference held in Chungking off, to a large extent, from the rest twelve years ago, and, tho gaining its of the empire. It has been compelled authority in the first place from that to face its own problems, and it has body, it has now become the joint done so the more easily because the standing committee of all the missions missionaries have made it their aim in West China with one duly ac- credited representative of each upon it. Its functions are, in the first place, purely advisory, tho it is able to take on executive duties, as these are entrusted to it by the missions. Thus, it must always reserve to itself the for example, it publishes a monthly choice as to whether or not it shall paper for interchange of opinion and act upon the advice given in any parnews among missionaries in West ticular case. At the same time the China. A Chinese monthly is also missions in West China have come to published for use among the Chris- recognize the wisdom of taking, tians in our various churches. These wherever possible, the advice given by papers are truly interdenominational such a body. Without doubt, its adand serve a most useful purpose in vice has, generally speaking, compromoting the spirit of unity among mended itself to missionaries and all who follow Christ in this district. proved to be of great value in de- CHURCH UNION COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY WEST CHINA CONFERENCE The Advisory Board also assumed ex- veloping the work on sound lines. It ecutive functions in summoning the has been held to be a strong point in second West China Conference, and the constitution of the Board that misthus carried out the exprest wish of sions are not represented according mlsslOnaries. In the main, however, to their numerical strength. There is as in original intention, the Board thus no outvoting of the weak by the resolutions carry only such weight as strong, but rather the patient listenthey owe to their intrinsic value. The ing to all that is to be said from every missions are not prepared to be bound point of view, and then the determined by the decisions of such a body. Each effort to discover what line of action feels that it has rights and duties will most accord with the advancement which may not be sufficiently recog- of the Kingdom of God. In recognized by the other missions, and that nizing this as the aim common to all

there is a true unity in the work done. include all such in the Union's scope. Among the subjects discust, one of These schools are graded on the same the most important is the division of lines as the government ones; a comthe field "with a view to the speedier mon course of study has been drawn and more effective occupation of the up which is as nearly as possible idenwhole." Matters of occupation of tical with the government course: textcertain centers or districts are freely books are recommended for the vahandled even where wide divergence rious courses; joint examinations are of opinion exists. At its last meeting held, the passing of which entitles to a committee was appointed "to re- the Union's certificates; the appointconsider the effective occupation of ment of an educational secretary or Nest China as a mission field and the inspector will probably have taken efficient organization and coordination place before this paper appears in of the forces at work there." Thus print. Another valuable result of the something is being done toward fac- Union has been the holding of annual ing the field as a whole, and not simply educational conferences, which are from the point of view of each sep- found to be helpful in coordinating arate organization and its particular the work, exchanging experience and district. formulating plans for its extension.

In addition to this the Advisory Actual union has been achieved in Board has helped to bind the missions certain specific educational enterprises. together in common effort toward the A Union Middle School in Chengtu suppressions of such of the social evils has been a conspicuous success; union as opium-smoking and foot-binding. normal training, both at the capital Schemes have been inaugurated for and in special normal schools, has for united efforts toward evangeliza- proved its value; and a university has tion and spiritual revival. Minor dif- been formed by the Union Of four ficulties in reference to colportage and missions. Difficulties have, of course, other matters have been adjusted. appeared in connection with these Statistics have been collected for the movements. They have, however, whole field upon a uniform basis. The been overcome in a spirit of mutual above illustrations will be enough to forbearance and good will, and all show the many-sidedness of its activ- who have participated in the work ities, and the large possibilities for have become enthusiastic believers in usefulness that lie before a Board of the advantages and possibilities of a this character. union of this kind. Already plans are being laid for the application of the Altho not an integral part of its principle in other directions, but it is work, the West China Educational too soon to speak of these in detail. Union reports annually to the Advis- Among the practical results achieved oryBoard, and is thus linked with have been a general improvement in other cooperative effort. This union the character of the work done in the has been in existence for only six or schools, a greater confidence in our seven years, but it has already a good work on the part of the scholars and record of solid work done. The parents, and a fuller understanding of majority of mission schools in the each other's methods and ideals. The area are registered, and the aim is to

1912J UNITY AND COOPERATION IN PRACTISE

latest report to hand shows over one found possible. There are other dihundred schools in the Union, with a rections in which one mission has total of nearly 3,000 scholars. undertaken a piece of work which is carried on in the interests of all, dupli- Four years ago a conference was cation of effort being thus avoided. held in Chengtu at which the problem This has been the case with the Misof church union was freely discust sion Press and Language School of and a committee set up with the ob- the Canadian Methodist Mission, and ject of working toward the ideal which the school for the children of missionthe conference adopted-one Protes- aries started by the Friends' Mission tant Christian Church in West China. and now undertaken by the Canadians. The committee has worked on steadily, The West China Tract Society is an and recently issued a report of its first interdenominational organization of three years' work. This document great value; in one case, at least, a presents a proposed declaration of measure of cooperation in medical faith, proposed conditions of church- work has been attained; a Union membership and a scheme of organi- hymn-book has been published, and zation for a united Church. "In pre- the terms used for Christian places of paring the scheme of polity herein worship, etc., have been agreed upon presented," says the report, "it seemed m common. to the committee that the only principle which would make a union pos- What I chiefly wish, in presenting sible would be to recognize each the these facts, is to indicate how large is validity of the practises and methods the field for cooperation, and even for of the other, . . . the time has not definite united action. Reports conyet arrived when unanimity regarding tinue to reach me of other fields in methods of government or organiza- which progress is being made. The tion can be secured." The report is Educational ·Conference held last May submitted to the missions in order at Beirut appointed a Continuation that they may take action thereon at Committee to formulate a scheme for their annual meetings this winter. The an Educational Association for Syria Church Union Committee has also and Palestine. The Jubbulpore Conpublished a tract on Christian Unity ference on the Federation of Christian which is being widely circulated among Churches in India, held in August, the Chinese churches. It is believed agreed upon a basis for, and printhat there is a general readiness among ciples to guide in the formation of, the leaders of these churches to move such a federation. At home the work forward toward a larger measure of which is being done as a result of the united action. In the meantime a res- World Missionary Conference marks olution in favor of interchange of definite advance toward cooperation, members passed at the conference in as is evidenced by the formation of 1908 has been largely acted upon and interdenominational boards of study is also preparing the way. both in England and America. Other cases could easily be cited to show Space forbids the fuller statement that even the Edinburgh Report is by of these questions, or indeed a detailed no means the high-water mark ih coreference to all the departments in operation and unity. In everyone which a measure of union has been

of these cases great difficulties have the questions, and still more in carhad to be faced. At times they have rying out our plans together, is of seemed to be insurmountable. But the utmost value in leading to a better by prayer and patience a way has been understanding and mutual appreciafound and one can now look back tion, and thus clearing the way for with deep thankfulness to God, and further steps to be taken. record an advance which could hardly have been dreamed of ten or fifteen 3. The fundamental unities must years ago. be forever uppermost in our thoughts. It is IN CHRIST that we are one. Three points strike me as worthy As we own a common allegiance to of special note, having been imprest Him as Lord and Master and the one upon my own mind in watching, and sufficient Savior of mankind; as all in some cases helping to promote, lesser aims are subordinated to the these and other similar movements. supreme object of making Him King; as we remember that "now abideth 1. Progress should not be forced. faith, hope, love, and the greatest of If there is to be real union and co- these is love"-we shall be led into operation we must be content some- a position in which we find the joy times to go the pace of the slowest, of recognizing each other as coand we must ever be careful not to workers with God and severally memgo faster than the Holy Spirit leads. bers one of another in our Lord Jesus Christ. 2. The close personal touch which comes even through the discussion of CHRISTIAN COMMON SENSE AND COOPERATION BY H. K. CARROLL, LL.D., NE.W YORK Secretary of the Ecumenical Methodist Commissicn HE measure of coo.pera- relate to method, organization, etc. The approach of missionaries of dif- ItTJ~ tion and federation ferent boards is not due so much to which shall obtain in changed conditions in the heathen foreign mission fields world as to change in sentiment, obviously depends upon brought about by better knowledge of ~ the attitude of the mis- what each believes and seeks to acsions and their home boards. Denomi- complish. The Methodist, the Presnational pride and denominational loy- byterian, the Baptist and the Episalty are not so assertive as they used copalian get closer together in the to be. Intimate contact in the field has mission field than at home, because of shown men of different faiths that their their isolation and need of sympathy differences are not fundamental, that and encouragement. Occasion for the Gospel they preach is one and the jealousies and rivalries, for attack and same, that the seal of the Holy Spirit defense, seldom arises where' every is not set exclusively upon converts man is beleaguered, so to speak, by of any particular denomination or de- multitudes of diverse race, tongue, nominations, and that the things in thought, religion, custom, and habit of which they differ are chiefly such as

COMMON SENSE AND COOPERATION

life. It is human instinct for those binds missionaries, "whate'er their in similar condition to draw together name or sign," in a common brother- for mutual support and encourage- hood. The smallness of their number, ment, and it is the sense of real Chris- their isolation, the pressing upon them tian brotherhood which unites mis- of the unfriendly, unhappy multitude, sionaries surrounded by opposmg the vastness of their task, the critical heathen. character of the emergency, the danger Half of the differences between of losing most favorable opportunities Christian denominations are due to by delay, the inadequacy of their incorrect or insufficient information. forces, means and equipment-mo- The more they intermingle the better mentous questions such as these com- they know and the more they appre- pel them to reach out for brotherly ciate one another. The most ludicrous hands and to lean upon one another.

conception of Methodism I ever saw Common sense asserts itself where in print was written by a Lutheran common brotherhood prevails, and di- who drew the materials for his de- rects in dealing with the practical scription, not from association with problems which arise. Here are dif- living Methodists, but from the bones, ferent missions in the same community so to speak, of the Methodist discip- or province. Is it best that they all line. The living disciple is the best in- seek the same street or neighborhoods?

terpretation a denomination can have. Common sense says, No. No mission No sensible person can wish to break crowds its own stations together; why down denominational loyalty; but de- should any crowcl its stations upon nominational loyalty is not served by those of other missions? Divide the discrediting other denominations. territory of the city or the province The change of conditions in the mis- with .other missions, and if there is sion field has been almost revolution- not room for all let the latest comer ary in extent. Countries once closed go into another province not ade- are now open; peoples once solidly quately occupied. This triumph of arrayed against foreign influences are common sense we call interdenomina- now either friendly to them or anxious tional comity. Not to observe it is to to study them; nations once satisfied be guilty of disloyalty to the cause of with their own national, commercial Christ. To establish it as a principle and educational methods, now know is to settle harmoniously a thousand that they are outworn and insufficient; questions, prevent rivalry and strife millions once committed heart and and much wicked waste.

soul to idolatrous religions are now Interdenominational comity involves ready to hear what can be said for mutual recognition of mutual rights Christianity. Everywhere the mis- and privileges. Native members mov- sionary is invited to enter open doors, ing from one place to another where and he is like a man suddenly over- their own particular mission has no whelmed by an avalanche of snow; stations will be welcomed into rela- he needs help to dig his way out. tions with other denominations. Un- Common Christian feeling, growing worthy members expelled from one out of devotion to a common Lord, a mission will not be received into an- common faith and a common cause, other. One mission obviously may not

seek to win influential preachers and several kinds of Presbyterians, Methmembers from another mission. Pros- odists, etc., in India, China, and elytism, unlovely everywhere, is pe- Korea; and some have gone so far as culiarly hateful in the foreign field. to say that none of the divisions of Protestantism need to be perpetuated, Interdenominational comity leads to but that one undivided Christian the recognition of another principle exprest by unity of effort, cooperation, Church is possible and desirable in federation, union, or whatever you choose to call it, and common sense Asia and Africa. strongly supports it. In immense Therefore, cooperation is the order fields of work, like those of China, India and Africa, denominational mis- of the day, and strong, well-manned sions, more or less isolated, are over- schools of learning in China, Japan, whelmed by the opportunities pre- Korea and elsewhere attest the wissented. They find that schools, col- dom of combination. leges, universities, hospitals, publishing and industrial plants, hostels, and For one, while my love and loyalty the like are necessary, and that for for my denomination are almost unthese institutions more money is re- limited, I would not say a word or do quired than each separately can com- a thing to prevent such an outcome. mand. What is to be done? Confine I love my own Church as I love my the work to preaching, establish little own country, and live in it and work beginnings and increase them as in- in it because I like its spirit and crease of appropriations permit; or methods and organization; but I would combine with other missions to build no more think of imposing it, with up strong, well-equipped institutions its name, constitution and discipline in the centers? upon Korea than I would insist that the new government of China should To ask the question is to answer it. be that of the United States. I wel- There is no denominational peculiarity come, therefore, denominational comin the teaching of the ordinary ity everywhere-at home and abroad. branches of education; or in the Breaches of it· ought not to be depractise in the medical and surgical fended anywhere. I welcome as large departments of a hospital; or in a measure of cooperation, federation, the teaching of industries, or in the union, as can be secured without ungreat body of Christian literature. due pressure. I am not imprest with Methodists, Baptists, Presbyterians, the necessity of uniformity, and do not Lutherans, Episcopalians have their believe any particular polity or order own peculiarities of belief, of or- is of divine requirement. Unity of ganization, of discipline and of meth- faith, fellowship, purpose and feeling od in religious work; but they do is possible and desirable. Form of govnot develop any points of difference ernment, methods, etc., are matters of in mathematics, in grammar, in astron- preference, growing largely out of omy, or science. Moreover, they gen- training, and I see no reason why any erally agree that their own divisions great difficulty should confront the must not be perpetuated in the Native newer Christian Churches of the East, (hur<;h. That is, there ou~ht not to be when they receive their autonomy, in becoming congregational, episcopal or presbyterhm,

RIPOLI' like the rest of call them "the 1110st infidel of all

infidels." mT North Africa, was once a Christian land. So The native population, especially in history tells us, and so the towns and oases along the coast the remains of Chris- from Tripoli to Bengazi, is of very .. ~ tian churches in the mixed blood. Many trace their descent from Algerian, Tunisian, Albanian country and Christian customs and and Anatolian ancestors, who settled there during the last two centuries. symbols among the people to this day Many others claim to be descended from the Arabian conquerors. There testify. It is the last of the Barbary is no doubt some truth in this, for the blood of those warriors of Islam States to be invaded by the descend- must be very widely distributed among the Moslems of the littoral ants or heriters of those over whom by intermarriage. It is this belief that is so influential in keeping up the forces of religio-political system any real fanaticism there is in this part of the population. of Islam triumphed nearly thirteen The population of the mountain centuries ago. range, forty to seventy miles to the south, are mostly pure Berbers. Many Tha very extensive in area, the of these tribes speak the Chillah lan- guage as well as Arabic, and tho population is very small; vast stretches Moslems, belong to a heretical sect. They have been considered very faof country being pure desert and un- natical. But that in them which has been so called, by superficial observinhabitable. A million and a quarter is considered an outside estimate. It is the boast of this land that it does not contain a single native Christian -so complete was the triumph of Islam over the decadent Christian church. There are several thousand Jews whose ancestors settled there about 2,000 years ago. Islam was powerless to convert these Jews, and for that reason the Mo~lems to-day

ers, is not religious fanaticism so the street, if a mosque be within much as a fierce spirit of clannish- reasonable distance. Sometimes they ness that has been engendered by the will say : "We are very poor people, exigencies of their history. They look but there is one thing we have more with suspicion and hostility upon all of than other people-we have mointruders into their territory, whether desty." Europeans or orthodox Moslems. In character they are confessedly much Tripoli City is full of mosques, superior to the latter. small and great, but only very few of them have anything like a good South of the mountains the popu- congregation, except at mid-day. lation is very sparse and has a strong The moral condition of orthodox A MARKET SCENE IN TRIPOLI, NORTH AFRICA strain of Sudanese blood. Speaking Moslems is very low, indeed. Rom. generally, these also are .of higher I: 29-32 is hardly an exaggerated demoral character than their orthodox scription of the moral character of brethren of the North. They are re- the maj ority. Yet, in justice, it must ligious, but not fanatical; indeed, be admitted that while through their they are the mildest of people. faith they are farther away from God , The population of the whole of the than the heathen of India, they have Vilayet may be said to be very re- not descended to the same depths of ligious. Yet in and around Tripoli immorality. With them, as with City the traveler looks in vain to see Christians, religion is connected with men stop their work at the call of moral conduct. And yet they think the Muezzin, take out their prayer it no hypocrisy for a man to be very carpets, and fall down in the street diligent in the observance of his reto perform their prayers. They are ligious duties, and at the same time not as ostentatious as many, and it utterly corrupt in his public and priis regarded as Pharisaic to pray in vate life. The writer knew a bash

PLIGHT OF TRIPOLI

AN OASIS IN TRIPOLI funds to pay for the papers and the signatures of the officials concerned. mufti, the religious chief of the Vi- A divorce costs from one dollar uplayet, who bore a most infamous ward, according to the position of the character and died a horrible death. applicant. The people felt some shame over it, but did not think that his conduct Purity of speech is unknown in the seriously unfitted him for his high homes. The language of both sexes office. Even the imams in general of all ages is full of impurity, and are corrupt in financial matters, when references that are demoralizing to they have no other serious fault. The hear and much more to think of. In city is very vile, but the natives the streets the language is appalling, claim that the country was immune and even the most highly placed will, from unnatural vice till it was intro- if provoked, demean themselves to duced by the Turks. use the vilest of epithets. Girls have to be kept under strict surveillance Polygamy is not very common, but from ten to twelve years of age. Boys where it does exist it has, as' else- begin to lead corrupt lives before where, a most baneful influence on entering their teens. the character of the family. A fruitful source of "cursing and bitter- One of the worst features of the ness" and hatred is divorce, which is home life is the almost universal lack wofully common. It seems to be OUf of any true love among the mem- Moslems' way of making up for what bers. The husband does not choose they miss through not being able to or marry his wife because he loves keep more than one wife. If a man has her, and, tho there are exceptions, it had a quarrel with his wife, if he has is very rare that he comes to love her taken a dislike to her and wants a fresh one, these or similar reasons are sufficient to obtain him a divorce, provided he Ca11 find th~ nec~ssarl

PAT1ENTS IN THE COU RTY ARD OF THE M EDICAL MISSION HOU5E~ TRIPOLI afterward. He may honor and respect influence character by other and false her as the mother of his children, but principles that are more congenial to love her for her own sake, no, that the natural heart of man. is never thought of, for the Christian idea of the marriage relation- Islam knows no God of love. It ship is absolutely unknown to them. makes much of His mercy, but even This is perhaps the deepest condem- that is not for all. It is dealt out n'ation of Islam, that it has driven according to the caprice of an infinite out of the hearts of its votaries the and almighty egoist. simple in stinct of natural affection. Their own opinion of themselves in The belief which, in an orthodox this regard is often exprest to Euro- Moslem dominates all others in his pean frien'ds in these very terms: notions of the Divine Being is that "The Christians and Jews love their God is almighty, and does just what wives and children and care for them He pleases. And not only so-He is in sickness, but among us Moslems is supremely and infinitely jealous of neither love nor mercy." His power, and has not given any of it to any of His creatures. Man The exceptions are usually to be has not really any power of any kind. found among those who are unortho- He has no control whatsoever over dox in many of their beliefs. any part of his being or actions, God having fore-decreed every thought, Islam contains some true principles, word and deed, good and bad, in the whole chain of events that appear to but thes'e are deprived of power to

PLIGHT OF TRIPOLI 12,3

MISSIONARIES IN A TRIPOLITAN CARR1AGE determine any act. And not only did repentance, repentance being futile. He fore-determine them all, but it lf called to repent he answers "Inwas He, and He alone,., who per- shallah." It is the ever-ready excuse formed them in every detail. Man is for the grossest dereliction of duty. in no real sense responsible for any of his acts, for he has no share in The meaning of the word Islam to their performance, any more than the the Moslems in general is, surrender pawn on the chess-board has in the and submission in suffering the will game in which it is being used. It of God. Not surrender to doing the is almost incredible how deeply this will of God, but to suffering it. idea has entered into the mind of the Moslem, and how it permeates his At its best, Islam does not know whole life. It kills all natural as- the true God as revealed in the Old piration after higher things; and Testament, much less the God reevery incitement to seek such is met vealed to us by our Lord Jesus by the careless reply "Inshallah"- Christ, and is impotent to raise man "If God has willed it." It leaves no to God. motive for seIf-restraint-it banishes self-reproach. After the most horrid At its worst it is darkness and fear, sins he will say "Ash yen fa; cadr and brings deepest depravity and correbbe." "What is the good; it was ruption in public and private life. God's decree." It leaves no room for Only the Gospel of onr Lord Jesus Christ, with its message of John 3: 16, can ever avail to raise Moslems out of their present terrible condition.

For over 300 years there has been work. Finding they had no very a Roman Catholic mission in Tripoli. good grounds for their opinion, and In the e.arly days, it was only a chap- full of faith in God, he sent two laincy for the Maltese settled there. workers to prove what might, or At the present time they have two might not, be done. One of these churches and several schools. They young men, Mr. Harding, who was a chemist and had also had some medical training, was to open a medi- cal mission, while his companion, Mr.

Michel, who had had experience in Tunis, and knew Arabic well, was to give himself to. the work of preach- ing the Gospel to the patients. The work prospered and increased under Mr. Harcling, and his successor, Mr.

Venables, till, when the latter retired in 1907, the annual number of at- tendances had risen to over 10,000.

The patients included men and wo- men from every part of the Vilayet, and a few from the distant Sudan and Northern Nigeria.

In 1895 a little Bible depot was opened in a much-frequented part of the city. Very few Scriptures have been sold, but it has proved an effect- ive means of reaching many who A TIUPOLITAN MAIDEN would not come to the medical mis- sion. Some thousands of Bibles, apparently do nothing among the New Testaments and Scripture por- Moslems but a little philanthropic tions with tracts have been distributed work in the schools, and at a little among Moslems and]ews.

medical mission connected with the In the same year a weekly sewing convent. class for girls was commenced by Up to 1889 no Protestant mission- Mrs. Venables, and continued by her ary work had been done in the Vi- till 1907, when the attendance had layet, and it was considered closed to risen to an average of forty. The the heralds of the Cross. children were taught plain sewing and In that year Mr. E. H. Glenny, crochet and Scripture texts and secretary of the North Africa Mis- hymns in Arabic.

sion, full of faith and of zeal for the In I907 Miss Harrald extended extension of Christ's Kingdom in the usefulness of this class by holding North Africa, paid a prospecting visit it four days a week, ami adding to Tripoli City. All to whom he reading and writing to the subjects made known his object sought to dis- taught.

suade him. Missionaries, they said, During practically the whole of the would not be allowed to remain to . last twenty years the staff of the

PLIGHT OF TRIPOLI

North Africa Mission on the Tripoli In 1891 Mr. Hermann Harris esstation has consisted of two married tablished a training home for missionmission~ries with their wives and aries in Tripoli, with the object of families, and two single ladies. Their penetrating to the Central Sudan by influence and that of their work has one of the caravan routes. His men been very great and very widely ex- studied Haussa and Arabic, and for tended. A vast amount of opposition about four years did some work and prejudice has been overcome, and among both Haussas and Arabs. they have won for themselves a sure For some years the missionaries THE M1XED POPULATION OF TRIPOLI These include a Sudanese, a Turkish woman, a Jewess, .and an Arab.

place in the affections of the people. have felt that the time had come for Converts have been few-many an advance to be made, and an are agreed that it ought to be in the having come to the point of decision direction of education. The time is and shrunk from taking the step that ripe for the establishment of schools might mean persecution and separa- for both boys and girls. In the early tion from their friends. years it would have been impossible, but there is good reason for thinking Two of the converts have, how- that now there wOlild be no difficulty, ever, proved that, provided the life unless it came from the Government. be consistent, it is possible to be Indeed, for some years, many have disciples of Jesus and let it be known pleaded for the establishment of without incurring anything more seri- English schools. ous than petty persecution and the loss of a few old friends.

The Italian occupation of the Vi- Christianity might be extended in layet will very materially change the the future, in case of the establish· missionary outlook. At least one im- ment of free and safe communication portant result may be looked for. with the Sahara and the Sudan. Even The Italians will feel bound to grant, if it should eventually remain in the and assure, to all, full liberty of con- hands of the Turks, it is no longer science. The missionaries have for of any value for the propagation of years longed for this great boon. Islam, for the British and French have occupied the territories on the Whether the Italian Government south of them. All the tribes of the will limit or prohibit any further ex- region in between are already Mos· tension of missionary work is very lems. But if the Italians succeed in problematical. The word "propa- making effective their occupation of ganda" has a very ugly sound in the country as far south as Murzuk, Italian ears. In the coast towns they it will be a splendid center from will almost certainly grant the same which to conduct a work for Mosamount of liberty as the French al- lems in the Sahara and Wadai. Thc low in Tunis, where the missionary prospects of a railway being built may do any work he likes on his from Tripoli to Murzuk are someown hired premises. It is to be hoped what remote, but the Italians would the French law regarding schools be sure to build a good road in order will not be imitated and that they to attract the trade of the Sahara will permit the establishment of mIs- and Wadai. The journey by ordision schools. nary caravan from Tripoli to Murzuk occupies about thirty days. The post It is practically certain that they takes fifteen days. But the important will forbid missionary work in the matter here is not the length or interior until the tribes have become otherwise of the journey; free and accustomed to the presence of Euro- safe communication is the essential, peans among them. whether for trade or for missionary enterprise, and that an Italian occu- Much has been written of Tripoli pation would certainly secure. as a strategic point from whence Islam has been propagated southward in the past, and from which MISSIONS AND GOVERNMENTS Rev. Lars Dahle, of the Norwegian Mission in Madagascar, speaking on how to conserve good relations between missions and governments, said in the Conference at Edinburgh that the following points should be noted by missionaries: (1) Do not occupy yourselves too much with small irritations. (2) Do not be too hasty in your actions. Abide the right time. We must learn the art of waiting. (3) In action, do not take the difficulty to the highest officials. Get it settled locally if at all possible. (4) If you must go to the higher officials, do not let that be done by a single missionary, but by the leader of the Mission. (5) If the leader has to appeal to the Government, he must seek carefully the right occasion to do so, not when it is busy with other important matters. (6) Always take for granted the good will of the Government. Be polite, and suppose they will always be just. (7) Do not be too ready to go to the Consul of your own nation in affairs of difficulty. If a missionary can only work under the Consul he had bet~~r go home. (8) Let the Bible be our ConsuI.-Warld Conference Report, Vol. VII., pp. r60, r61.

NEED FOR BIBLE SCHOOLS IN

BY REV. WILBERT W. WHITE, D.D.

President of the New York Bible Teachers Training School OREA is eagerly cla- the work of the missions-constituting the chief work of tile missions in mK ~ mOri.ng for Bible teach- preparing the Church for its evange- ing," said Dr. Samuel listic mission. Moffatt, of Pyeng ~ Yang, in a series of 2. The experience of the mission- resolutions presented to aries in Korea during the past twentythe Federal Council of Protestant five years, perhaps more conspicuously Evangelical Missions of Korea last than anywhere else in the world, has September. These words- are not too demonstrated the value of direct Bible strong to express the eagerness of Ko- teaching in leading people to confess reans for a knowledge of the Bible. Christ and live a life of faith. The statement reads as follows: 3. The people, in unsually large "WHEREAS, With the rapid develop- numbers, want to be taught the Bible. ment of the Church in Korea, fostered Hundreds of them walk many miles as it has been in large part by the for that privilege and thousands attend Bible Training Classes, we have now Bible Institutes at their own expense. a large constituency needing fuller, more thorough and more systematic 4. The people need such teaching instruction in the Scriptures, and both for their own spiritual growth, and that they may become teachers of "WHEREAS, Without provision being the great multitudes who do not yet made for the instruction of these large know the Gospel of Christ. numbers of people eagerly clamoring for more study and teaching, it will After two summers spent in the be impossible to conserve the numbers Far East, I have come to regard and the evangelistic and spiritual char- Korea as in a real sense a strategic acter of the Church in Korea, center. It is already having tremen- dous spiritual influence in both Japan "Resolved, That we deem the estab- and China and is destined to exert lishment of Bible institutes one of the still greater power in days to come. most urgent needs for the development and proper conservation of If I had millions to invest in Christhe multitudes of converts already tian work the world over, I would gathered in Korea." put one million of it in a fund, the income of which should be used to The resolutions were adopted by promote Bible study in Korea under the council and impress us with the the direction of the Federal Council of following points as to the need of Protestant Evangelical Missions of Bible teaching in Korea: Korea. It would be an exceedingly appropriate thing to make this a me- I. Instruction in the Scriptures, of morial to Arthur T. Pierson, that the people under the care of the prince of Bible teachers who laid down churches is of supreme importance in his sword in this same land of Korea -"The Land of the Bible."

SACRIFICE*

BY WILFRED T. GRENFELL, M.D., C.M.G.

mI N thinking over this and swim with him to the bank. A subject I have come to terrible sacrifice, was it not? having the conclusion that I the opportunity of saving another's do not know anything life! about it from experi- ence. I often wonder what Jesus Christ If we gage the great- is like and wants us to be like. vVe ness of any human life by what it ac- have many pictures of Him in robes complishes, the life of Christ must and things that do not attract us, but alv:ays stand out before us as pre- give Him an effeminate look. We emment. Very often it is a question must think of Christ as the ideal of of the distance from which we look at manhood, and He wants us to be like things that makes us judge wrongly. A man puts a dollar so close to his Him. It is not enough to come to eyes that he shuts out everything. conclusions about Him; we want to People talk about sacrifice as tho to be like Him and do what He would be a Christian meant asceticism a want us to do. God wants us to be· conventional kind of unattractive're- doing things for Him. Of course, we ligion that made the following of can not all do the same things. If all Jesus Christ so unattractive in the years go~e by, and Heaven an equally the doctors were to go to Labrador unattractive place, where one had who have volunteered, there would be nothing to do. It is the opportunity to do something, to devote one's life enough to kill almost every man in to something, that attracts men today. My experience has been that if the place. you offer the ordinary young man to- Remember: There is a place for day anything to do that is worth while, he does not talk about sacri- you somewhere which God will make fice. It can never be a sacrifice to be plain. I remember Dr. Pierson once useful to God. saying a thing which interested me. He said if a turn of his hand would In one of the hospitals in Labrador make every person in the room a forthere was a little blind boy, waiting to eign missionary he would not turn it. be operated upon for cataract. He God shows men their corners. Some used to sit in his cot with his hands must stay in the summer heat; 1 outstretched, hoping that some one would rather be in Labrador; the cold would come along and take hold of is no hardship to me. But what we his hands. What he wanted was the must do, if we want to make the most touch ·of a human hand. A terrible of life and make the most of oursacrifice to give it, was it not ? Would selves in life, is to follow Jesus Christ. we rather be dancing, yachting, or anything else, would we rather, for It is a reasonable service, the serthe sheer joy of it, give the touch of vice according to our reason-that the human hand to another who hun- the best thing a man can do is to enter gers for it? Christ's service. You can say, I will not serve Jesus Christ, but you must Once on the Norfolk Broads, while admit that it is the best service in the I was looking at the water, something world; it is the happiest service. Jesus bobbed up, and I heard a shout along says, Be willing to do my will, and the bank. I realized that there was a you shall know. Doubts will fly. Is boy in the water. It was an easy there anything worth having that does thing to jump in, catch hold of the boy not mean sacrifice? Can you think of anything on earth that is really worth while that does not mean giv- ing up something else? It is very well to have things· given to us. But 'Condensed from The Record of Christian Work.

THE BIBLE SAYS OF THE HEATHEN

you can not give a man the best things comes into our hearts to make us love -honor, strength, purity, love. These Him as He loves men. things must be won. At Yale I saw a statue in honor of What we need is both the conse- a Yale student, Horace Tracy Pitkin, crated heart and the consecrated in- a man who, when he was standing betellect-not the intellect only. The fore his Chinese murderers as they mind sees the fact that men who fol- were going to kill him, left a message low Christ have the best thing in the to be taken back to his young wife and world, that men who are nearer to only child: "When my boy is old Him are better for being nearer, that enough, send him out to fill my place." men even who go near intellectually to examine and judge the Christ are This is the word of the Apostle judged by Him; but the heart must Paul: "So it is no longer I that live, be touched, touched, that God's Spirit but it is Christ who liveth in me; and may come and dwell there and that as for my present earthly life, I am we may love. Then where does sacri- living it by faith in the Son of God, fice come in? When a man is in love, who loved me and gave Himself for he will give all he has, and it will not me." Those words mean more to me be any sacrifice. The love of God than they did once. I want them to mean more still.

WHAT THE BIBLE SAYS OF THE HEATHEN BY REV. JAMES SMITH Ask of Me, and I shall give Thee the heathen.- Then said they among the heathen, the Lord Ps. 2:8. hath done great things for us.-Ps. 126 :2, 3.

The dark places of the earth are full of the The glory of the Lord is risen upon thee, and habitations of cruelty.-Ps. 74:20, the Gentiles shall come to thy light.-Isa. 60:r·3.

The idols of the heathen are the work of men's The mountain of the Lord's house shall be eshands.-Ps. '35" 5. tablished. All nations shall flow unto it.-Isa. 2:2.

The heathen think they shalI be heard for their That they may possess, all the heathen.-Amas much speaking.-Matt. 6:7. 9:11, 12.

Gentiles walk in vanity, understanding dark- All the ends of the earth shall see the salvation ened, alienated, past feeling.-Eplt. 4:17'19. of our God.-Isa. 52:10.

As many as have sinned without law shall also Thy way, known upon earth, Thy saving health perish without law.-Rom. 2:12. among a11 nations.-Ps. 67:2-5.

These. having not the law, are a law unto them- This gospel preached in all the world for a witselves.-Rom. :2:]4, IS. ness unto all nations.-Matt. 24:14.

Know that I am God: I will be exalted among That repentance and remission of sins should be the heathen.-Ps. 46:rO. preached in His name among all nations.-Luke God reigneth over the heathen.-Ps. 47:7, 8. 24:47· His righteousness hath He revealed in the sight God would justify the heathen through faith.- of the heathen.-Ps. 98, 2 (M.) He will famish all the gods of the earth.- Gal. 3:8. Zeph. 2:JI. On the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of The day of the Lord is near; it shall be the time of the heathen.-Eze. 30:3. the Holy Ghost.-Acts 10:45. I wi11 set My glory among the heathen.-E… How shall they believe in Him of whom they 39:7, 21. have not heard.-Rom. 10: 14. He shall speak peace unto the heathen; His dominion from sea to sea.-Zecho g: I o. And bow shall they preach, except sent ?-Rom.

The heathen shall know that I am the Lord, 10 :15. when I shall be sanctified in you.-Ez. 34:23. Pray be, therefore. the Lord of the harvest that As ye were a curse among the heathen, so ye He will send forth labourers.-Matt. 9 :38. shall be a blessing.-Zecho 8: 13. It pleased God to reveal His Son in me, that I might preach Him among the heathen.-Gal. 1:15, 16.

Go ye, therefore, and teach all nations.-MaU. 28 :19, 20.

HE heathen. Who are 1. THE CONDITION OF THE HEA- THEN.-I. They are in a state of mT they? Such were some alienation. "Separated from the life of us, but we are of God." Alienated by wicked works, washed. Heathenism and their minds at enmity with God. is simply the condition . of all who are "with- 2. A state of darkness. Over these out God in the world," dark places of the earth the Sun of whether their skin be black or white, Righteousness has not yet arisen. whether they be civilized or barbarous. Satan still blinds their minds.

3. A state of lawlessness. Rom. 2: greater part hath never yet heard its testimony. 12.) Having not the Divine law they S. As interceding ones we are to will not be judged by it. "The ground plead. We are priests unto God. The priest acted, not only for himself, but of judgment is their works, the stan- for those who were without. Are we remembering the heathen without as dard of judgment is their knowledge." we ought when we come before God?

4. A state of cruelty. Whcre God 6. As sent ones we are to go. The missionary spirit of many has not got is unknown, the love of God is un- beyond this: "Here am I; send him."

seen. Beware of those who would 7. .As sanctified ones we are to man- ifest. If God is not sanctified in us cruelly murder your faith. . He will not be known to others in all 5. A state of idolatry. Man will the fulness of His grace. A dying girl once said, "I want to go to Mr. worship. If he has no revelation of Whitefield's God." See 2 Cor. 5: 10, God he will make a representation of II.) God. Idols are not always the work III. THE FUTURE OF THE HEA- THEN.-For them there is a good time of men's hands, but frequently the coming. The offer made in Ps. 2: 8 to the Christ has been accepted by work of men's brains. Him, and is now being endorsed by His body, the living Church. The 6. A state of vanity. Vain imag- heathen shall be His inheritance.

inations characterize all ignorant wor- 1. They shall see the salvation of the Lord. When? When the Lord shipers. Great thoughts are not Sa- shall make bare His holy arm in the eyes of all the nations. viors. To be without Christ is to be 2. They shall know the Lord. without hope. Blest time when the kingdoms of this world shall become the kingdoms 7. A state of death. "Past feeling" of our God and of His Christ.

is the last and hopeless stage of the 3. They shall be blessed with peace. He shall speak peace-the peace of disease. "Mortification." Doomed. God. He shall judge among the na- tions, and they shall learn war no y Oll hath He quickened who were more. (Isa. 2: 4).

dead. In a case like this all human 4. They shall witness for the Lord. What a glorious testimony will be remedies are useless. theirs when the divine light has flooded those dark places hitherto full II. THE CHRISTIA.N'S OBLIGATIONS of the habitations of cruelty.

TO THE HEATHEN.-These obligations 5. They shall worship the Lord. When He shall have put down all rule are very real, and spring out of our and all authority and power, the idols will have gone to the moles and the relationship to Christ Himself. 1. As bats. "He must reign." (I Cor. IS: saved ones we are to bless. HI will 24·) 6. The glory of the Lord shall be save you, and ye shall be a blessing" among them. "I will set My glory (Zech. 8: I 3 🙂 . Blessed and made a among the heathen." (Ezek. 35: blessing (Gen. 12 :2). Saved to be 2r.) As the gift of God to Christ they also shall behold His glory. All satisfied, sanctified, and made the sa- nations shall call Him blessed.

viors of others.

2. As illuminated ones we are to at- tract. We are God's lanterns. The light hath shined in our hearts that we might give the light. (2 Cor. 4: 6.) How are the heathen to come to thy light if they never see it? Let your light so shine, etc.

3. As taught ones we are to in- struct. God's wav is to be known be- fore His saving- health can be en- joyed. Paul delivered that which he had received from the Lord. (I Cor.

II: 23.) Have you?

4. As witnessing ones we are to tes- tify. Ye are my witnesses, saith the Lord. It is the work of the Spirit to convict; it is the work of the witness to declare. The Church is the wit- ness, the court is the world, but the

A MOSLEM ON MATfuMONY ANn nlVOltCE*

BY M. FADIL, ATBARA AM an Egyptian, and band is generally a few years older than the wife. And are they wrong? mI speak of that which is Nay! surely they have right on their customary in my land; side. They leave the youth to put yet I wait to be shown forth his efforts in learning a business, that the Moslems of and when he is able to earn a com- India, of Yemen, of petency they then present to him a Syria, or of Persia are maiden, who, having arrived at the in any better case. years of discretion, has learned to manage her own house, to have no There is no doubt that marriage is fear of the darkness of her chamber essential to the world's welfare. It is by night, nor her loneliness by day, also the axle upon which turns the who is fully developed mentally and millstone of life for good or evil. Do physically, knows her own mind and I exaggerate in stating that the length can direct her actions, who will be of a man's life is dependent upon it? prepared to intelligently receive her For if a man is unhappy in his mar- child when it comes into the world. ried life his griefs and sorrows eat In a word, a maiden capable of filling into his life, and it therefore remains a her position and pleasing her husband. true saying, "Half of the dwellers in the tombs are those who were unhappy I know a man who married his son in their married lives." to a girl and they were both so young that you would laugh at the idea of Early Marriages their being man and wife, if I told their ages. The father was continually The first step in our faulty marriage bothered in settling their childish dissystem is that of marrying boys of putes, until one day he said, "I repent thirteen to girls not more than ten not that I married my son so young, years of age, as is the custom. This but that I was ever married myself custom is like making a fire of tender and begot him." green branches; you benefit not by its warmth, but you suffer much from it3 I know another man, so poor he smoke. would ask alms but for shame, who was married very young, the son of How many of us have suffered from poor parents, who left him with this cause? The excuse given for it neither money nor education worthy is that it is to preserve our youth from of the name. He is now thirty years impurity. But what a feeble excuse! of age, and has twelve children; he Silence were better than such. If par- can not support them, neither can he ents but knew their duty to their chil- get rid of them. dren they would have them thoroughly educated on the basis of the true rc- This, then, is the beginning of the Iigion [Islam.-Ed.] and would not trouble, and has no connection with reneglect their home-training, then they ligion, being merely custom. Our would never think on these matters, Prophet did not marry until he had and if mentioned in their presence reached maturity and was able to earn would not understand. I know youths an honest living, and he is the best of twenty years of age who are inno- of examples. cent, and in all such cases it is due to the careful attention paid by their par- The Veil ents to their up-bringing. The second step in this evil course Look at the vVestern nations and is "The Engagement," and the cause you will find that they rarely give their of this evil js the Veil. [In its widest daughters in marriage until they have sense, i.e., the seclusion of women.- reached their twenty-first birthday, Ed.] I had decided after noting what and what is still better is that the hus- • Translated from an article in El Carl/dah, a Cairo daily paper.

happened to the late reverend "De- one could either buy or sell. Thus, in fender of Women" (Qasim Bey Amin)i every point he has been taken in, and that I would avoid hurting the sus- he is the victim of a complaint for ceptibilities of the veiled ones. And which there is neither living hope nor yet I can not see my way to avoid all blest death. All this is brought about mention, in treating on the miseries we by forbidding the bridegroom to see have to suffer by the existing method the bride-elect. I do not ask that he of enga~ement. should be allowed to company with her. It has been said to me by one It is ~ell known that what is con- in whose wisdom I trust, and who sidered lJieauty depends upon personal stands high as an expounder of re- tast~. –that which Zeid appreciates in ligious truth, that it is allowable to the appearance of Hind, Bekr dislikes. the bridegroom to see the face and How many are there whose choice hands of the bride-elect. If this is a would be a small girl well covered? true saying, and I do not doubt it, How many would prefer a tall thin what business have fathers denying to girl? Then in the choice of character an aspirant to the hands of their -one likes in a girl quietness, gravity, daughters what the sublime law perand intelligence; another prefers a mits? stylish, lively girl, brilliant in conversation, and so on through the whole Our Eastern Christian brethren used range of taste. to be tied by this custom as we are, both Syrians and Copts, but they have All these fancies and points of ap- in a large measure freed themselves preciation one has to commit, in ac- from these bonds, and gone far toward cordance with custom and the tyranny true freedom, and left us behind, cap- of the Veil, to a woman called a tives to barren customs. Go, then, 0 "Khatabah" (engager); you might if Egyptian Moslems, to one of their you willed call her a "Khatiah" (sin- homes, and tell me on your oath what ner). One has well compared her to you see there. You will see family a saw which cuts both on the up and happiness, well-founded enjoyment; down stroke. She has no care in the you will hear the man if he swears matter except to fill her hands with the swear by the love he bears his wife, money of the bride-elect's people, and and with him this is no light oath. describes her to the bridegroom as a queen of beauty, a paragon of virtue, Divorce and in wisdom a graduate to Luqman. [The Arabian JEsop.-Ed.] And as The third step is "Divorce," allowed to wealth, she has a yearly income of by God as a warning and example, so thousands of ringing gold pieces! And that if a woman went astray she would thus the unfortunate is taken in by be divorced, and her divorce would this description; which points, if truly be a warning to others and a judgment found together in any girl, would on her, but we have taken it to us as a make her out to be one of the rarities weapon against the weaker sex, and by of the age, and one of the most charm- it degraded her. ing of all time. And on this description the deluded one puts his hand I saw a case of divorce, one of into that of the bride, and completes many, which I will relate to the reader thereby a bond which with the wise as a warning and a reminder. There can only be dissolved by death, even was a married man who had five chiltho when the bride is brought to him dren by his wife, and she was expecthe should want to scream at the sight ing another; he left her one morning of her ugliness, or when he gets to and went to his work. She got up know her he finds her a first impres- and swept her house, cleaned his sion of the picture of Satan, or when room, kneaded and baked her bread, he feels the pulse of her wealth he washed her husband's and children's finds that she has no property that clothes, cooked the food, and fed her children, and put them to bed. Much

A CHINESE ON DENOMINATIONALISM

of the night had passed and her hus- wife and children, and that the Gov- band had not returned home, and feel- ernment ought to energetically uphold ing considerable weariness after all the religious judges in this, that fathat hard work, she prepared her hus- thers should not give their daughters band's meal, placed it on the table for him, and went to sleep. About mid- to such a man, and that his friends night her husband returned, and the should show him the cold shoulder. poor miserable wife was not waiting up for him. He shouted for her, and It is told of a certain man, that he she related to him what we already know, whereupon he became angry, had a dog, and he used every day to and flew into a passion, and divorced give it a loaf· of bread. It used to eat her with the triple divorce [irrevocable.-Ed.] and turned her out of the half, and carry away in its mouth the house with her children, leaving her other half, and leave the house. The to make her complaint, if she wished, man wanted to know where the dog to the Qadi [religious judge.-Ed.J, hid the remainder, and so one day he and you know with what treatment followed it, and saw it go into a ruined she would meet there. house, where was a bitch in a weak state of health with a litter of puppies. This is one of many examples. Can He laid his remaining half before her. God be pleased, He, who is the merci- She ate it and gave him a grateful look for his deed; this look was all he needed, and left her.

ful, the Compassionate, that we per- Compare the deeds of this dog with secute poor weak women thus? And the deeds of men, and yet man ceases His hono'red apostle (Mohammed) . not to boast that he is more exalted said: "Have faith in God in respect than the dumb creatures.

of the weak ones. . . ." Surely not! The Prophet has said, "The most for God requires gentleness of us, not hateful to God of the things He perhard-heartedness. Some reformers mits is divorce."

say that the fault of all this lies at Go then, with your Lord, to the the door of the religious judges, as court of the religious law, and look they ought to look into the reasons for at the Moslem wives who have been divorce, and not to verify a divorce divorced by their husbands; you will unless those reasons are in accordance see their pale cheeks, their eyes all with the religious law. swollen with tears; you will see them But I do not agree with this, as I standing with their children round think that a man who would divorce them crying with hunger and fatigue.

his wife for a slight reason or no rea- And think of all they suffer from the son at all is not worthy of the privi- underlings of the courts and the un- lege of marriage, and the judge ought principled agents before ever they to confirm the divorce, and make the reach the judges. All this is the ef- man responsible for the support of the fect of divorce.

A CHINESE ON DENOMINATIONALISM * ~C HINESE' both Chris- we are engaged in one great cause, rJ tian and non.christian, and working for one great Master. ~ do not understand de- When a man can not find reasons to nominationalism. Vire explain a thing, naturally he will explain it with false reasons: false de- can 110t explain the ductions and bad results will soon be reason why the Church the fruits. This is exactly so in China. ~ must be divided into so many separated denominations, espe- The Christian workers, after com- cially when we come to think that . paring this denomination with that, • From China's Young Me".

can see only the good part of the this all-important question. I am sure worldly affairs in this or that denomi- they will not be disappointed.

nation. One Christian will say "I fol- Speaking plainly, we would like to low Paul," and another, "I follow see in the near future a united Chris- Apollos." The non-Christians, after tian Church without any denomina- investigating the different denomina- tional distinctions. This may seem tions, will say, "Ah, this represents somewhat peculiar to at least some of England; this, France; this, America. you. But, friends, do not forget to It is a fair proof that they are not view us from our standpoint, and if working for spiritual affairs, but their you fail to do that, the Chinese people selfish worldly affairs." . will always remain as a mysterious The Edinburgh Conference decided people to you.

to do something toward the union of In dealing with such a great prob- the different denominations. In the lem, one is naturally led to consider the conference one of the three Chinese following points: delegates spoke so enthusiastically on 1. Why do we want such a union?

this most important subject that his 2. Is such a union possible?

speech received the loudest applause. 3. Is it desirable?

"Here is this magnificent speech by 4. Is it timely?

Ch'eng Ching-yi: 5. Is it an ideal to be aimed at?

I count as one of the most gracious 6. Will such a union be lasting?

blessings that God has bestowed upon 7. How is such a union to be ac- the church in China in recent years, complished?

the spirit of unity. Something has To these questions I will try to an- already been done in the way of Chris- swer very briefly.

tian federation. The result is at once I. Such a union is needed for these practical and remarkable. It is a great reasons: (a) Things that really help blessing for the church in China to- forward the growing movement of the day, and it will be a much greater self-support and self-government of blessing for the church in the days to the church are heartily welcomed. A come. united effort, both spiritual and phys- As a representative of the Chinese ical is absolutely necessary. (b) Speak- church I speak entirely from a Chinese ing generally, denominationalism has standpoint. We may and we may not never interested the Chinese mind. He all agree, but I feel it my duty to pre- finds no delight in it, but sometimes he sent before you the mind of the Chi- suffers for it! (c) Owing to the pow- nese church as frankly as possible. erful force of heathenism from with- The Christian federation movement out, and the feebleness of the church occupies a chief place in the hearts of from within, the Christians are com- our leading men in the church, and pelled to unite in the building up and they welcome every effort that is made defense of the church.

toward that end. This is notably car- 2. From the Chinese standpoint ried out in the provinces of Sze there is nothing imoossible about such Ch'uan, Shan Tung, Honan and Chih a union. Such difficulties as may be Li. In educational work, evangelistic experienced will be largely due to our work, and so on, all the churches Western friends, and not ourselves.

joined hand in hand, and the result of These difficulties are possibilities only, this is most encouraging. and must not be allowed to over- Since the Chinese Christians have shadow the advantages of the union I enjoyed the sweetness of such a unity, speak of.

they long for more, and look for yet 3. In China, and for the Chinese, greater things. They are watching such a union is certainly desirable.

with keen eyes, and listening with at- China, with all her imperfections, is tentive ears for what this conference a country that loves unity in both na- will show and say to them concerning tional and family life.

MISSIONARY'S OWN SPIRITUAL LIFE

4. There is no time more important 7. I would, if you will allow me, than the present. These days are days make one suggestion, i.e., that this of foundation from both political and conference will recommend that the religious standpoints. The future Continuation Committee, when ap- China will largely depend upon what pointed, make further and careful. in- is done at the present time. This is vestigation, will consult all the leading a time of unspeakable responsibilities, Chinese pastors and Christian workers, and we have to be most careful of and obtain from them a free and frank what we now do. expression of their opinion as to the 5. This is the partial ideal church. . need of such a united effort, and the The Church of Christ is universal, not best methods to bring it about. For, only irrespective of denominations, but after all, it is not your particular dealso irrespective of nationalities. "All nomination, nor even your particular one in Christ Jesus." "The world is," to use a Chinese expression, "one fam- mission, that you are working for, but ily, and China is a member of that the establishment of the Church of family." Christ in China that you have in view.

6. Will such a united church in I hope that this conference will not China remain unbroken forever? is a allow the present opportunity to pass question I can only answer by saying, away without taking some definite ac- "I do not know!" But what it will do tion. itself is one thing, and what we press it to do is another. We can only deal In conclusion, let us go up with our Divine Master on the top of Mount with what is to hand to-day, and the Olivet, and there obtain a wider, unknown future will settle its own af- broader, and larger view of the world's fairs! need.

THE MISSIONARY'S OWN SPIRITUAL LIFE * EY THE REV. DONALD FRAZER·, UR Lord has taught us ent work whose triumph is the glory of these days. This bold conception EOJ that our work is in that God is pledged to us is the first partnership with Him thought for the missionary. Luther "all the days." When was so bold that in the time of great the disciples opened crises he cried, "Lord, Thou are im- their campaign we read periled with us." The mission is His; that they went every- it is for His Kingdom we work, therewhere, "the Lord working with them." fore the King is involved-defeat The ages have confirmed the testi- would be His shame, victory His glory. mony, that God has joined Himself in a gracious fellowship with His mis- In the days when Hudson Taylor sionaries. first received the impulse to evangelize inner China, he believed that God had It is necessary, then, that we should said to him, "I am going to evangelize recognize and with all diligence cul- Inland China, and if you will walk tivate this Holy companionship, for we with me I will do it through you." fight not against flesh and blood, and No less does God come to us with a tho we have all the weapons which in- great commission-a service too high tellect and world power may give us, for us-but He says, I shall do it this work can not be done save as we through you, if you will walk with me. allow God to work through us. This has been the secret of all the persist- For us, then, the matter of most im- * From the Bombay Guardian.

portance is that the companionship of sity, or custom, the more friendly and God be an actual and controlling ,fact. welcome they are. The intense and absolute seeking of God lies at the very root of our power Our public life must first be preto serve. I have never read of mis- faced by a private life with God. siOIiary or saint who left the footprints Here is the most solemn danger that of God behind him, and yet walked is always about us in these strenuous alone; but behind, within, all-encom- days. passing the lives of those whose memory still shines as the stars in the Even Paul himself feared lest he firmament, has always been entire de- should be a castaway while yet so votion to God. Zinzendorf cried, "I prominently the Apostle to the Genhave one passion, that is He, He only," tiles. How much more we! In the and to~day we have the Moravian mis- foreign field saintliness is no easier sions. Henry Martyn's bright track is than in the home; nay, to follow God full of such devotion: "I am born for needs ten times more watchfulness. God only, I wish to have my whole There are many who find death here soul swallowed up in the will of God," at the very front. and it was this desire for the personal God which gave him his great spiritual The Church Missionary Society, in sensitiveness, their regulations, say: "Let one or two hours daily be given to private com- The degradation of heathenism and munion with God and prayer and readthe neglect of Christ may cease to ing Scripture. Let it be actual commove us to shame or pain. We grow munion-converse with God in soliaccustomed and insensible. But while tude, real pouring out of the heart be- Martyn lived, the personal Christ was fore Him, real reception from His fu1so near and so dear to him, that in a ness." very real way he carried the stigmata of Christ. To a Mohammedan who We know how hard this is. Time's was speaking flippantly of Christ he divisions are so little respected in these said, "I could not endure existence if lands. The needs of our workers, and Christ was not glorified: it would be attention to a hundred details, the perhell to me if He were to be always petual interruptions, the early start of thus dishonored." The Persian was public service, these all militate against amazed at this, and asked why? And the regular observance of private times Martyn replied: "If anyone pluck for seeking God. Yet there is not one out your eyes there is no saying why of us but has learned that these soliyou feel pain; it is feeling. It is be- tary times are absolutely necessary, cause I am one with Christ that I am and that Sabbaths of devotion are abthus dreadfully wounded." solutely necessary. If in our zeal for His Kingdom we give the King no How often we miss true and con- time to come to us and reveal Himstant union because we only seek it for self, we forget that He controls and the needs of our service! When the all the glory is to be His. If we have Sabbath comes round, in the special no time to wait for the revealing of services we dread our helplessness, and His will to us we shall outrun our for our work's sake seek His Holy duties, and be guilty of presumptuous fellowship. For true abiding, God sin. The anxieties are too great, but must be sought for personal need. If we should give Him time to let His we would find Him we must seek Him peace float over us. The enemies are not as ministers for our work, but as too many, but we should not be ever sinners for His own sake. Friendship facing them, that we can not look at is best kept up even among men by the Captain by our side. We shall frequent visits; and the more free and utterly fail if bustle allow us the feelintimate these frequent visits, and the ing of loneliness. We shall gloriously less occasioned by business, or neces- triumph if faith and waiting on God give us the certainty of His alliance with us.

EDITORIALS

THE MISSIONARY SPIRIT makes the lesson of the book doublv I F God will show me anything that important. It is another missionary I can do for the redemption of the parable: world that I have not yet undertaken, by His grace I desire to under- 1. A great heathen city so corrupt take it at once, for I can not, I dare that its wickedness was an appeal unto not, go up to judgment until I have God for interference. No man or nadone the utmost God enables me to do tion is so wicked as to be outside of to diffuse His glory throughout the God's mercy. whole 'wide world." 2. A prophet of Jehovah is called Also I heard the voice of the Lord and commissioned to go and give God's saying, Whom shall I send, and who message to the heathen, but shrank will go for us? Then said I, Here from the task. He had no love for am I; send me.-Isaiah, 6 :8. the doomed people and desired its de- struction rather than its reformation. UNWILLING MISSIONARIES 3. Jonah, like the Jewish nation, was I s it possible that a Christian who not ready to become a preacher to the rebels at the thought of leaving heathen until he had learned the folly of seeking to escape from God and home to become a foreign mission- had by experience been enabled to ary may, nevertheless, be called of testify to Jehovah's power to save God to the work, and may be the from sin and death. He appeared in means of doing a great work in for- Nineveh as a resurrected man. His eign fields? It was true in the day of experience enabled him to preach both Jonah. Is it true to-day? The Word judgment and mercy.

of God and history both teach that no 4. The power and mercy of J e- man or woman may expect success at hovah are manifested in his dealings home when he or she refuses to obey with Jonah, with the sailors, and with God's call to go elsewhere. Some may Nineveh. The prophet was not re- achieve success in going reluctantly, sponsible for results, but only for but they can not be happy in giving doing as he was commanded.

an unwilling response to the divine 5. Jonah was taught two great les- call. sons in regard to the heathen. (I) Jonah was one of the earliest of the That God loved them and desired their Hebrew prophets of the Northern salvation. (2) That they might be Kingdom, and prophesied during dark reached by God's message of warning days in the national life-a time of and hope.

growing political strength and moral 6. Jonah was taught two great les- weakness. Jonah was a nationalist and sons as a messenger of God. (I) was bitterly opposed to leaving his The necessity of a surrendered will.

own land to preach to a foreign (2) The need for a divine pity and enemy. The repentance of Nineveh, love in the heart.

transitory though it was, served as a To-day no missionary can be happy great reproof of unrepentant Israel. or truly successful in working among It would have been more agreeable to the heathen unless he has a desire to the Hebrews to see their powerful cooperate earnestly in the plan of enemy overthrown. God for the world, and has a heart This is the only case of an Old Tes- touched by the divine compassion for tament prophet being sent to preach the Christless multitudes. He must repentance and salvation to the heath- not be moved by fear, or pride, or en, so that Jonah was the first divinely duty, but by the Spirit of Christ.

appointed foreign missionary. This To-day God calls for volunteers in

giving as well as in going. In the whether they are the result of new present age of the Spirit, God moves awakenings and stirrings of God's men by inward impu'lse rather than by outward compulsion to do His wilL Spirit, or merely sudden spirts and The cross is not laid on men, but they are asked to "take it up." flashes, it is difficult to say. Two A NEW ORDER OF LIFE things, however, we may know! First, whatsoever is of God can not PERHAPS the best thing about come to naught. That which begins the new progressive "movements" small and has the germ of divine life of the day is that they show that so that it. grows to large proportions some men and women are awake is worth while, but that which begins and that they will wake up other large as the result of sudden expan~ sleepy members of the Church. Many sion .due to human energy and inflaof these will, no doubt, go to sleep tion is doomed to a sudden collapse. again; but if the Spirit of God is Christianity began in a germ of life, in the work, the movements can so did the Reformation, the modern not fail to produce permanent re- missionary campaign and every great sults. Machinery can not move with- movement. out power; and the need of Christians, the need of the Church and the Second: There is undeniable evineed of the world is a tremendous dence of the great growth of foreign spiritual revival with the power that missionary interest in the Church, at accompanies it. With this also will home, and in the fields abroad. This come a new vision of God, a new is especially discernible if we study surrender to Jesus Christ, a new view the Church and the world of to-day in of the world, a new ideal for the comparison with conditions one hun- Church, a new love for man, a new dred years ago, and it is clearly seen realization of relative and absolute even in the study of decades. values of time, influence, strength and money, a new purpose in life, a new Take the dissemination and study faith in eternal verities, a new passion of the written Word of God. In 1800 for the extension of the Kingdom of there were only fifty translations of God. the Scriptures, and they were only available in languages understood by JUDGING MISSIONARY PROGRESS about one-tenth of the human race. In 1880 there were 250 translations, and W Eare, as a rule, too 111uch in the in 19IO the vVord of God is founel in midst of the fight to be able to six hundred languages and. dialects, judge correctly how the battle goes. making it available to nine-tenths of A temporary minor defeat may as- mankind. Bibles are printed and dissume large proportions in our eyes or tributed by the ten million by Bible an apparent victory may in reality be societies each year. the precursor of a retreat. Only God can judge correctly the relative value Politically, there has been a great and importance of events and signs of change in 1880 in nominal Christian the times, but students of history and governments ruled only in Europe and of God's Word may discern the tend- the eastern coast of North and South encies and progress of periods of America. To-day they rule practitime when their point of view is suffi- cally the whole world, with the exciently removed fr0111 the smoke and ception of the Turkish Empire, Pernoise of battle. sia, China, Japan, and a portion of Central Asia. These non-Christian It is difficult to tell whether the lands are also largely under Christian Church and the kingdom is further influence, and know that they must advanced, or has retrograded since abide by the laws of the Christian na- January, 19II, or January, 19IO. tions. Great movements there have been, but The increase in missionaries is re- markable, tho inadequate. In 1800 there were seven Protestant foreign missionary societies, in 1880 there famous preacher, Horace Bushnell, were seventy, and to-day there are gives the following list of those who over four hundred. The foreign mis- are exempt: sionaries in 1800 numbered 170, in 1880 they had increased to 2,500, and The man who believes that men without to-day there are over 22,000. One Christ are not lost and do not need a hundred years ago this month the first Savior. Protestant foreign missionaries sailed from America, to-day there are over The man who believes that Jesus Christ 7,500 in the non-Christian lands. had no right or reason when He said: "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel In 1800 there were no Protestant to every creature." native Christian workers, to-day there are nearly 90,000 of them. One hun- The man who believes the Gospel of dred years ago there were only about Christ is not the power of God unto salva- 50,000 converts from pagan and Mos- tion, and can not save all who believe. lem peoples, in 1880 there were 1,800,- 000, and to-day there are nearly 5,- The man who wishes that missionaries 000,000 communicants and their fam- had never come to our ancestors, and that ilies in Protestant churches alone. we ourselves were still heathen.

So we might show the growth in The man who believes that the best giving, in the circulation of mission- motto is "every man for. himself," and, ary books, and periodicals, in the de- who, with Cain, asks, "Am I my brothvelopment of medical missions and er's keeper?" women's work, in the progress of Christian education in heathen lands, The man who wants no share in the final and in the progress of Bible study, victory of Christ and the glory of His and mission study at home. Surely kingdom. it is evident to the most careless and prejudiced observer that the kingdom The man who believes he is not accountof God is progressing under the influ- able to God for the time, talents, and ence of His Spirit. There is no en- money entrusted to him. terprise on earth that ever showed such power, such progress, such vital- The man who is prepared to accept the ity as that of Christian missions. final sentence from Christ: "Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye REASONS FOR NOT GIVING TO did it not to Me."

MISSIONS 'vVe might include all those under the two reasons: T HERE are conscientious Christians who seem honestly to believe that (I) Those who have no faith in they ought not to give to foreign missions and some who even believe that Christ, and His Gospel, and (2) those they can not afford to' contribute who have received nothing and theretoward church and gospel work at fore have nothing to give. home. They hold that with a small income their family requires all for rent, No man can judge for another how food, clothing, education, and to pro- much time or money he should give vide against sickness. If they can to the Master's cause, or where he give any outside their own family, they have poor relatives, or their local should invest what he gives, but church takes all, or obligations for there are two principles that are safethe poor and unfortunate in the cities guards: ( I) Every Christian should and frontiers of America take all they give something, a definite proportion, feel they can spare. of his time and money, unselfishly to promote the kingdom of God; we are There may be some who can not, stewards of whom an accounting will ought not to give to missions. The be required, and God blesses the faithful stewards. If we have a mind and heart to care for His interests, and to advance His Kingdom, He will care for us and see that the other nec- essary things will be added unto us.

(2) Every Christian should seek, by a study of the needs of men and by yie1dim; to the impulses of the Spirit of God, to learn where he can best use the time, strength, talents, and money that God has entrusted to him. This study of men's needs, and this prayerful inquiry of God, will keep us from misappropriations. God more for work at home, and that impresses different men and women those where a missionary spirit prewith different needs and opportuni- vails have the largest congregations ties. If you fail to respond, you are and the most active home audiences, responsible for failure at that point and are most devoted to their pastors. where God would have you supply the lack-it may be in work for Jews, or A contemporary gives an instance negroes, or" outcasts, or Indians, for from the history of a small Oeveland Hindus nr Chinese, Koreans or Afri- church: cans. By the prompt response of each Christian to the movings of God's Four years ago, when the pastor Spirit the work of the world will be first entered upon the work, he andone, the needs of men will be sup- nounced his intention of aiming for a plied. thousand dollars for missions on his first missionary day. There were A PASTOR'S MOVEMENT NEEDED those who thought it was foolish, but the church reached the mark. The T HE pastor is the key to the situa- next year the aim was raised to tion in the local church. If the pas- $1,500, and the third year to $2,000. tor is not vitally interested in world- Each year the proposal was realized wide missions, to the extent of whole- in actual cash. Last year the day was hearted advocacy and leadership in fixt for the first Sunday in November, giving, to the extent of self-sacrifice, a month earlier thim usual, partly then the hands of the church-members owing to the fact that the place of are practically tied so far as any act- worship has been sold, and the conive aggressive work as a church is gregation has shortly to look for anconcerned. other building. They had prospered in the mean time. The pastor's aim We have young people's missionary was for $2,500. Not only was this movements, laymen's movements, and reached, but the new year was opened women's movements, and now what with an offering of over $2,600 in is needed is a pastor's movement. cash and pledges, and it has since Many able and consecrated ministers gone up beyond this point. lack the education, the broad vision, the experience to make them realize This amount is given by a memthat coldness or half-hearted zeal bership of 230. and by a people who toward world-wide missions saps the congregationally would be rated as a vitality of their own spiritual lives poor church. No methods such as and hinders the prosperity of their fairs, sales and other subterfuges are churches. A man can not be close to employed to "raise" the money, the the Master without having- a vital in- approved method is that of putting terest in that which is nearest the the hand in the pocket and raising it Master's heart, and a church which is with its free-will gift. There is no indifferent to the claims of the Great canvassing of the members, but a spir- Commission can not expect God's itual ministry begets spiritual life, and blessing on the spiritual, social, or spiritual life can not long continue financial condition of the local church. withOtlt the missionary impulse and joyful giving. Not more machinery, This pastor's mIssIonary move- not new methods. but Sl)iritual quickment should colIect the facts in refer- ening is the thing that is needed ence to the experiences of churches in among- tIS all-pastors and laymen giving to home work and to foreign alike. "Go thou and do likewise." missions. Many pastors do not know the facts, they do not realize that ex- CORRECTION-In the at"tide on Missionary Assets perience proves that churches which and Liabilities in January (page 19), mention is give generously to work abroad have made of "The Evangelical Union of South Amer- ica." This referred to a union of missions at the home base, not of cburcbes on the field.

AT THE BOMBARDMENT OF

WORLD .. WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS CHINA to be sent to England some forty years ago. He is a nominal Chris- China's Stron~ Men tian. Was not missionary money well invested in these cases of Chinese edu- S OMETHING may be said for for- cation? eign missions when so many of the new men of influence in China are Yuan-Shi-Kai on Christian Mi..iona in such close relations with missionaries. Yuan-Shi-Kai is himself a Con- Y UAN-SHI-KAI, Prime Minister fucianist, but his children were educa- of China, said to the missionaries ted by a London Missionary Society when Governor of Shantung: "You teacher and his four sons are now in have been preaching in China many the L. M. S. college at Tientsin, to years, and, without exception, you exwhich Yuan himself gave money for hort men concerning righteousness. a building. Wong Chung, head of In establishing your customs, you the great Chinese steel works at Han- have been careful to see that Chinese kow, is the son of a London Mission- law was observed. In regard to your ary Society pastor, and Dr. Sun Yat presence in this province, I willingly Sen, the organizer of revolution and testify that it makes for good, and gatherer of money for its equipment, that the teaching you impart is calwas a student and took his doctor's culated to benefit all who may emdegree in the L. M. S.'s medical brace and follow its precepts. Moreschool at Hongkong. vVu-Ting-Fang over, its effects upon our people are also, who holds the office of Foreign beneficial, and do not in the least in- Secretary to the Republican party, was terfere with their duties as subjects of one of the first of the Chinese students the empire and law-abiding citizens." Such words are very significant and

encouraging from the man who seems tian institution, and the Chinese studestined to become the first president dents are to be given a mere secular of the United States of China. education, similar to that given by Real Cause of the Rebellion the great universities of Western lands. Thus it can not take the place THE Christian Advocate puts the of the higher schools of learning es- situation thus: "It is interesting tablished in connection with mission- ary boards. It rather emphasizes t? know that the Chinese, and espe- their importance and the necessity of increasing them rapidly. CIally the Manchus, have an instinctive feeling that the origin of the present uprising is clue to the introduction of that strange leaven, called the Gos- A "Tea-House" Mission pel. Hence the conservative element A CORRESPONDENT of the in the long run must oppose the Gos- Chinese Recorder describes a pel, and the progressive element must "tea-house" mission in the city of Kaoyuchow. A large number of welcome it. Both the revolutionists men have decided objections to attendand the Government are earnestly op- ing meetings in chapels; and just as posed to outside interference in this at home many who can not be reached family quarrel.

Eradicating Opium from China by ordinary methods will be persuaded T HE British Foreign Office, in one to attend an evangelistic meeting held of its recent papers, publishes a in a theater, so in China such as lareport of Sir Alexander Hosie as to bor under similar objections may be China's progress in suppressing the reached by meetings in a tea-house, cultivation of the poppy. Five prov- which is the place of resort for all inces, in which it has been a heavy classes of the male population. The crop, were visited by this investigator mission was well attended, some 400 during 1910-1 I. He found a decrease to 500 being present each fine evening, of 25 per cent. in Kansu, of 30 per and quite a number of men having to cent. in Shensi, of 75 per cent. in Yun- stand on the street.

nan, and practical extinction in Shan- A Great Educational Center si and Szechwan. The last-named province used to furnish nearly half N ANKING is one of the leading the opium produced in China. educational centers in China. For hundreds of years the literati from Chinese University for Hankow three provinces-Kiangsu, Anhwei THE Central China Post says that and Kiangsi-have periodically come the proposed university for the to Nanking to take the examinations.

Chinese at Hankow, under the joint According to tables prepared in auspices of English and American 1909 there were more than 7,500 stu- universities, was to be ready to re- dents, male and female, in govern- ceive students in 1913. If present ment, private and mission schools in financial plans are successful, it will Nanking. The mission schools were have an endowment of $1,25°,000. founded here before there were any Rev. W. E. Soothill, formerly presi- modern government schools, and they dent of the Imperial University of have been influential in establishing Shansi, who has been appointed as educational standards for the city.

president, expects to visit England The University of Nanking, which and America. The scheme for the represents a union of educational in- establishment of the Hankow Univer- stitutions of the Methodist Episco- sity originated with the universities of pal Church, the Presbyterian Church Oxford and Cambridge, but has since (North), and the Disciples of Christ, been taken up by American universi- is recognized by the Chinese as lead- ties. While under Christian auspices, ing in the educational work of the it is not to be an aggressively Chris- city.

I912] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

A Memorial Christian Han posed of pastors and members of various churches. The union con- RECENTLY there was dedicated at ducts home missionary operations, Shanghai, a memorial Christian and it is intensely in earnest in hall costing $20,000. It was the gift evangelistic work. But its battle-cry of the children and grandchildren of is, "Independence for the Chinese Pastor Bau, one of the devout preach- Church." It looks askance at control ers of China; his sons and grandsons by missions or by churches in foreign are connected with the Commercial lands. It bemoans the attitude of Press, the largest printing establish- many preachers and agents toward ment in Shanghai; they represent missionaries, characterizing them as three generations of Christians. sycophants, seeking only to please those from whom their support IS Two Other Chinese Givers drawn.

IN these days when the Christian Traffic in Girls Continues world is widening out and the Church is full of missionary zeal and IN the Denske Missions Blad menactivity, the gifts to the missionary tion is made of the traffic in girls side of the Church's life were never in China. A trader dealing in this so large as they are now, the number commodity for the Shanghai market of missionaries never so great, and came to a certain village to reconthe converts growing in influence and noiter. One mother proposed to sell power. A missionary paper states her daughter, but the trader declared the remarkable fact that a high Chi- that the girl's feet were too large for nese official recently converted is now binding and that therefore she would supporting twenty evangelists at an not do. The following night the mothexpense of $7,000 annually for the er took a hammer, and, regardless of conversion of his countrymen. An- the child's screams, attempted to beat other Chinese Christian supports a the feet so that they would be more hospital where 50,000 patients are plastic for binding. The next day she treated every year. sold her.

Brinllinll a Mandarin to Terms At the Gate of Tibet I~ Funinghsien the mandarin, which T A-CHIEN-LU is a station of the starting a girls' school, found that China Inland Mission on the Chithe only competent teacher to be ob- nese frontier of Tibet. One of the tained was the wife of the Method- missionaries stationed there has reist preacher. On engaging her at a cently made a long journey in that salary considerably greater than her almost unknown part of the world. husband's, he observed: "0£ course, Being away from his station for two you will teach on worship day." months, he traveled some 12,000 Whereat this diminutive woman drew miles through anterior Tibet, riding herself up till she seemed to add a 38I horses. He carried a supply of cubit or two to her stature, and re- Tibetan Gospels, which were clearly plied: "Nat for a thousand tae1s a printed and neatly bound and presentmonth." And the great man actually had to come to her terms. ed a: striking contrast to the Tibetans'

Aiming at Independence books, which are often blurred and in- distinct. In the Lama monasteries, THE movement toward independ- which he visited, he was usually, tho ence in the Chinese Church is not always, received in a warm and most energetic in the ports. From friendly way. He gained the impres- Shanghai emanates a monthly maga- sion that a marvelous change has zine, The Chinese Christian, issued cdme over these people, and that there by the Independent Chinese Chris- is a present glorious opportunity for tian Union, an, organization com- the circulation of the Scriptures in

Eastern Tibet. Thus the region both in Japan' and among the home firmly closed against missionaries 1S churches. The picture post-cards will beginning to open wide. also be put on lantern slides for use at home. JAPAN-KOREA Changes Seen in One Village A Serious Hindrance to the Gospel IN the village of Chang Mal, forty LARGELY on account of Govern- miles from Seoul, is a church of ment restrictions in earlier days, fifty new believers who are aggreswith reference to the residences of sively preaching Christ. Two years foreigners, the bulk of the missionary ago the heathen people of the town force of Japan is in the ten largest held a mass-meeting and decided that cities. Of 1,003 missionaries in Japan, they did not want the Christians in 572 reside in these cities, containing their town; they bound themselves an aggregate population of 5,500,000 with an oath not to accept Christ of people, while the balance of Japan, themselves, and not to rest until the with 44,500,000 people, has a total of place was purged of the foreign reonly 431 missionaries. At least five- ligion. Some of the Christians were sevenths of the Japanese Christian living in rented houses; they were leaders are also in the ten largest thrown out. Some were renting fields; cities. In other words at least, three- the fields were taken away. Some fourths of the population of Japan is were merchants; no one would buy of still unreached by missionary agencies. them or sell to them. The heathen This presents one of the greatest mis- refused to allow the Christians to use sionary opportunities of our day. the village wells. If a Christian met a neighbor, the neighbor would ignore The Methodist Church of Japan him or swear at him; if a Christian woman appeared on the street she was THREE mother churches in Amer- insulted, yet not one has renounced ica and Canada, seeing the wis- his religion. dom and feasibility of the union, granted the privilege of organizing INDIA the Methodist Church of Japan on an autonomic basis; and in the spring of The Paradoxes of India 1907 sent commissioners, invested with discretional power to organize a , 'I NDIA," says E. R. Carver, in Methodist Church, in concurrence The Missionary Witness, "is a with the lay and clerical representa- land' full of contradictions, and is tives of the Japanese churches. This hence a much misunderstood land. body then contained 87 churches, 106 ordained ministries, and a member- "This is the land of blazing light, ship of 10,738, which has since in- and yet, withal, the land of densest creased to 12,322. darkness. There is wonderful beauty with repulsive ugliness. A land of A Japanese-Korean Bible Committee plenty, full of penury. Ultra-cleanli- ness and unmentionable filthiness. AT the close of a four-day confer- There is kindness to all creatures, ence at Karuizawa, the leading combined with hardest cruelty. All summer resort in Japan, it was de- life held sacred in a land of murders. cided to appoint a Bible study commit- A people of mild speech, given to viotee for Japan, to cooperate with sim- lent language. Proud of learning, ilar committees already at work in and sunken in ignorance. Seekers for China and Korea. It was also de- merit, resigned to fate. Unbelieving, cided to appoint a representative com- and full of credulity. Belief in one mittee on the united exploitation of God, coexistent with the worship of mission work in Japan. This commit- 330,000,000 deities. Intensely religtee will prepare picture post-cards, ious, yet destitute of piety. Altoand a booklet at once, for wide use gether, India is lost humanity gone to

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

seed; a diseased degenerate herb be- their tongues cut, so Manu, the great come a noxious weed. At least this law-giver of the Hindus, decreed. To- is the condition of her society." day converts from the Brahman caste are few and far between." India Census Notes Henry Drummond Memorial T HE population of India, accord- ing to the recent census, is now T HE new buildings for the dispen- about 315,000,000. The returns as to sary of the Henry Drummond religions are gradually being made Memorial Mission at Poona, India, known, and show features of great [U. F. Church of Scotland] were encouragement. In the Panjab as solemnly dedicated to the service of many as 200,000 have described them- the Master on August 5, I9Il. The selves upon the Government register services were held in the new preach- as Christians. The figures, as Canon ing hall, and were attended by about vVeitbrecht remarks, are "stagger- forty missionaries of the Church of ing," for, after making liberal deduc- Scotland, the C. M. S., and the U. F. tions for the European and Eurasian Church. The new buildings have population, including military, the been put to use since the end of April, Indian Christians of the Panjab to- but the formal dedication had to be day must number about 165,000, as postponed till the rains. The hospital against 37,000 ten years ago; that is proper is slowly progressing, in-pato say, they have increased in the dec- tients being accommodated at present ade more than fourfold. • in a galvanized iron open shed-not very attractive to Indians in a mon- What Remains to be Done soon season with chilly rainy nights.

T HO Christianity is sufficiently The Union Theological College of South rooted in India to count 3,000,- 000 of communicants in the various India Christian churches, according to Sherwood Eddy, it must be borne in mind THE first prospectus of the new that this is only about one in a hun- United Theological College at dred of the population. Out of 100 Bangalore is a most interesting docunatives 71 are Hindus, 21 are Mo- ment. It recites how missionaries behammedans, 3 are Buddhists, and I longing to four different societies is a Christian. A great and gratify- were caIled by Rev. J. Duthie, of Naing start has been made, but a mighty gercoil, to Kodaikanal in June, 1906. multiplying of Christ's foIIowers is At once a plan for a union college was necessary before India can be enrolled drawn up and submitted to the repreas a Christian land. sentatives of the various missions in South India and Ceylon. In Febru- Hi~h-caste Hindus in Madras ary, 1907, representatives of the U. F. Church, the American Arcot Mission, REV. K. R. GOPALAH AIYAR the A. B. C. F. M., the L. M. S., and writes: "The Brahman commu- the Wesleyan Missionary Society, met nity in India, more than any other, has in Madras and the scheme was apreceived benefits by the advent of the proved. The Horne Boards were will- British. Nearly eighty-five per cent. ing to cooperate, and the College of the university graduates, year after Council held its first meeting at Banyear, come from that class, and nearly galore, in March, 19IO, at which it the same percentage of the staff in was resolved to open the college in any government office, or mercantile July, 1910. Rev.]. Mathers was apfirm, are high-caste Brahmans. They pointed principal, and the college was are the hereditary priests, and are the opened in due time. Out of the sevcustodians of the Hindu Vedas, or enteen applicants for admission, only Scriptures. They alone are privileged eight were permitted to enter, and the to read the Vedas, which are written first year proved one of rich blessings in the sacred Sanskrit language, have

to professors and students. The col~ of organic union (toward consumlege is organized under a council, mating which it was our great priviwhich is made up of representatives lege here in South India to have taken from the various bodies contributing the first step) being steadily kept in not less than Rs. 1,500 a year. The view. Tho the spectacle of a united council has complete control of the Christendom is yet in the dim and finances of the college, determines the distant future, the prospect of a curriculum, and appoints professors United Church of India is looming and subordinate staff. The course of large before our eyes and is gradustudy in three years in length and in- ally taking definite shape. cludes New Testament Greek, Biblical Criticism and Exegesis, Church AFRICA History, Apologetics, Christian Doctrine, Comparative Religion, Pastoral The Present Status of Christianity Theology, and some work in the Vernacular literature. Thus the college PROGRESS of missionary work in is able to train up high-grade Indian Africa is shown by the fact that evangelists, pastors, and teachers, who in the population, estimated at 175,- will be able to lead the Christian 000,000, there are about 2,47° Protes- Church in India. tant missionaries, and. 13,089 native assistants at work. To date there are A Strate&,ic Gift about 527,000 adherents to the ChrIS- tian faith, in addition to about 225,000 T HERE came to the American communicants. These Christians have Board rooms recently a small 4,790 places of worship. There are piece of paper that tells a big story. about 200,000 pupils in about 4,800 It was a check, from a donor whose schools. N early roo hospitals minname is withheld, for $30,000, to ister to the sick and suffering, while 10 build and equip a science hall and cer- printing-presses are kept busy and the tain accessories for the American Col- Bible is supplied in all the principal lege, Madura, South India. The real languages. The largest proportion of measure of this gift is not revealed in Christian popUlation is in Uganda and naming its amount, large as that is. Cape Colony. The glad truth is that it will enable this institution at once to become a NORTH AFRICA college of the first grade according to the Government's standard, the only The Franco-German Agreement college of this rank for the entire field of South India; and it makes T HE Moroccan agreement between certain that the best education avail- France and Germany forms anable in that district will continue to other paragraph in the history of the be under Christian auspices.-Mis- African continent. Primarily France sionary Herald. remains politically supreme in ·Mo- rocco, while guaranteeing economic Church Union a Success equality and freedom of commerce for all. Germany receives from France a AT the recent third general assem- large accession of territory on the bly of the South India United frontier of the Cameroons, including Church the president said : "We access to the Kongo and its large tribhave reached that stage in the history utary the Ubanghi River. France reof the progress of the United Church ceives from Germany a small triangle that it is now no longer necessary to of land affording her better access on persuade Christian workers of the the south to Lake Chad. France may need or desirability of union. On the now possess via Lake Chad political mission field, and notably in India, sway continuously from the French China, and Japan, federal union is Kongo to Morocco and Algiers, an being pushed forward with the goal area probably as large as India and Burma, and possibly possessing po- tentialities as yet unheard of.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

A The Bible Entering Abyssinia the west coast. This mission was for BYSSINIA is one of those more many years fruitless and afflicted. or less closed countries where the Fifty-four missionaries passed to pre- printed Gospel can penetrate into wide mature graves, and 40 more returned, regions which no foreign missionary broken in health.. At the end of four is allowed to enter. A request has just decades there were but 556 converts reached the Bible House from the and 214 in the schools. In the fol- Rev. Andrew Svensson, of the Swe- lowing ten years, however, came the dish Evangelical Mission, which has turn of the tide. At present 8,274 its headquarters at Eritrea. He writes Christians are ministered to from 8 from Zasega, acknowledging the re- centers and 153 outstations. More ceipt of two cases of Scriptures, than 6,000 children attend the 164 which have reached him from the schools. At the jubilee festival in Bible Society's depot at Alexandria, Bremen, besides the 250,000 marks ·/iifi Massowah. Mr. Svensson reports which were given by German friends that certain of his society's native as a special thank-offering, 12,000 evangelists in the Galla country were marks were handed in by Pastor Aku accused for their preaching and taken of Lome. about fifteen days' march from their home in Wallaga, up to Adis Abeba, In Straits for Toilers at Luebo the Abyssinian capital. In the end they were granted liberty to read and A LETTER from Rev. W. M. Morteach the Gospel "in harmony with the rison reads as follows : "We doctrine of the Apostles and Proph- are in great straits here. The work is ets," on condition that they did not losing ground now. We can't, with attack the religious customs of the our present force, hold it together. country. And this, added to the fact that Mar- tin must leave in a few days for the WEST AFRICA home land, also Mr. and Mrs. Roches- ter. If substantial reenforcements do Moslems Petitioning for a School not come this fall-not just one or two-then I can not see, from a hu- T HE Bishop of Sierra Leone writes man standpoint, what is to become about receiving an earnest re- of this work. Within three weeks we quest for a school, which reads as shall have only II missionaries, all follows: "We, the undersigned, abo- told, left on the field, and yet this rigines, Mohammedans, and Sierra field reports an amazingly large per- Leoneans, at Kaballa, beg leave most centage of the total number of con· respectfl1lly to submit this petition for verts in all our mission fields." a resident schoolmaster and missionary for your favorable consideration. A Congregation Numbering Thousands We would bring to your notice the disadvantages that our children and T HE largest Presbyterian congrerelatives are subjected to in not hav- gation in the world [Elat, West ing a school here," etc. They go on Africa] , has connected with the Amerto remind us that this is the second ican mission. There are 6,000 memtime that such a petition has been bers and catechumens connected with sent, and plead with U5 to consider it, and the huge church holds 5,000 it fairly this time. It is signed by people. twelve names, seven of the "signatures being in Arabic. Conditions in the Kongo Mi..ion At the End of a Half.Century T HE missionaries of the Presbyte- rian Church, South, in the Kongo, T HE Kolonialen Rundschau pub- are somewhat anxious because the lishes an account of the fiftieth committee of the church feels unable anniversary of the North German to send out new missionaries until the Mission in Togo, a German colony on large debt now hanging over the mis-

sion has been paid. There seems to among the Barotsi, who have been be a most critical time in the Kongo. rather dependent upon the French New European trading companies are missionaries, by testing their spiritual coming in with the consequent evil strength and faith. moral influences,. aQd many changes are going on. The country is being From the Kongo the missionaries rapidly flooded with Belgian Catholic of the Regions Beyond Missionary priests, tho the people at heart do not Union report that the dancing craze, want them and prefer Protestant mis- which is nothing but a revival of heasionaries and the Protestant faith. thenism, has recently swept the disvVith the exception of a very small trict of Bosanla like a prairie fire and English mission, there is no Protes- destroyed the new desire in the heart tant work within 300 miles in any di- of many an inquiring lad. Together rection from the Presbyterian. Yet with the dancing goes almost always the stations of the Presbyterian Mis- the gambling. sion are not sufficiently supplied with workers, and they are without a phy- Rejoicings in Natal sician since last spring, the nearest physician being 900 miles distant. T HE most notable event in SoutH The mission shows a native member- African mission life during the ship of upward of 8,000, a Sunday- past year has been the celebration of school attendance of over 8,000, and the 75th anniversary of the coming a day-school attendance of over 9,000. of the Gospel to the Zulus. A jubilee convocation of twelve days' duration SOUTH AFRICA was held in Durban, Natal. There were united native Christian conven- Failure to Secure Church Union tions for the deepening of the spiritual life; also exhibitions of the products REV. DAVID RUSSELL, of Jo- of industrial education; harnesHnak- hannesburg, in America six ing, shoe-making, carpentry, tailormonths as member of one of the Men ing, pottery, and the fabrication of and Religion Forward Movement an admirable rustic furniture from teams, reports that American Meth- "monkey rope." Sixty thousand black odists and Congregationalists, Scotch church-members, representing a Chris- Presbyterians, and Baptists of South tian community of fully 200,000, pre- Africa tried to effect organic union in sented an address to the governorvain. Both Methodists and Presby- general. terians bolted, and so while here the evangelist, famous throughout South A Heathen Revival, Madagascar Africa as a missioner, will study the Federal Council of Churches, to see if IN the latest report of the London it may be the federated plan South Missionary Society, some particu- Africa bodies stand in need of. lars are given of the heathen revival of I909-IO, in the Betsileo province of A Revival of Heathenism Madagascar. This was an epidemic known as the "dancing mania." T HE annual report of the Paris Drink, immorality, superstition, witch- Missionary Society calls atten- craft, and imitative hysteria each had tion to a strong revival of heathenism its part in the movement. "Under its among the Barotsi, a tribe in Rhode- influence many persons of all ages sia, north of the Zambesi. One of its danced around their ancestral tombs, most peculiar signs is the great in- wandered about the moors with eyes crease of suicides. The missionaries holden as in sleep, lay down in declare that they are glad of the streams or in rivers, climbed up seemenemy once more coming into the ingly inaccessible heights, crawled open, because they can thus easier along housetops, and otherwise confight him. They also think that it ducted themselves in demented ways will be helpful to native Christians of extreme folIy and audacity. Many lost their lives by these things.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

AMERICA came under the influence of the Big Brothers in New York City, and of Federal Council of the Churches of this number only 90, or less than 4 per cent., had again got into trouble so as Christ in America to be brought a second time before the court. Of the total number, 1,208 AMONG the immediate and recent boys were cared for by members of activities of the Council the most the Movement in I9IO; 840 more noteworthy is the Commission on the were boys who were arraigned in the Church and Social Service. It has Children's Court la,st year on various permanently organized its work and charges; I47 were turned Over to the opened its offices in association with Big Brothers by institutions, and those of the Federal Council. Several 1,202 applied at the office of the moveinterdenominational conferences have ment for advice or to seek employbeen held under its auspices, and it ment. was instrumental in making Labor Sunday widely observed. Of other The World in Cincinnati committees we mention those on home missions, on temperance, and A GREAT missionary exposition is on family life. Into the hands of the to be held in Cincinnati from latter has been placed the important March 9 to April 6. Rev. A. M. Garwork of the Inter-Church Conference diner, who managed similar exposion Marriage and Divorce. A pro- tions in London and in Boston (April visional commission on peace and ar- 24-May 20, 1911) with striking sucbitration has also been appointed, and cess, is secretary of "The World in it is stated that a campaign is now Cincinnati," and the pastors and under way for the support of the Christian leaders of Cincinnati and pending arbitration treaties. neighborhood, are greatly interested in the extensive preparations which The work of the council is large are being made. An army of at least and important. five thousand stewards, men and wo- men, young and old, will be required What the Every-member Canvass Did as the staff of the exposition to man- age the visitors, to explain the ex- IN 1906 to foreign missions in $432; hibits, and to act as general interpre- in 1910 an increase to $4,306: This ters and guides. A Pageant of Darkis the remarkable record of Memorial ness and Light, like those in London Church, South, Lynchburg, Va.: and Boston, will be reproduced every afternoon and evening. 1906 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $432 .50 1907 …………… 1,145.00 An Unpleasant Revenue Report 1908 ……. , ……. 1,868.88 1909 …………… 3,500.00 THE report of the Commissioner of 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4,306.00 Internal Revenue for I91 I is a This year they had a more thorough document not at all encouraging to and efficient organization, and more those who hope for the deliverance of people contributed than ever before. our nation from its slavery to drink They finished up the work this year and drugs. The past year has in about ten days. The other interests brought the largest production of disof the church, both financial and spir- tilled spirits ever known in the hisitual, show great advance. Even the tory of the United States. The depastor's salary was voluntarily m- cline in manufacture and use of a creased. few years ago, which seemed so en- couraging to many, has now been The Big Brothers' Movement wiped out, and former high records have been exceeded by seven million T HE Big Brothers' Movement, in gallons. One hundred and seventy- the United States, exists to benefit juvenile offenders. Last year some 2,195 boys, nearly all of whom had appeared in the Children's Court,

five million gallons of whisky and vice-president since 1903. At the like liquors were distilled within the present time he is chairman of the limits of the United States from July important Committee on Auxiliaries. I, 1910, to June 30, 1911, nineteen millions more than in 19IO, seven mil- Mr. Wood was born in New York lions more than in 1907. The produc- in 1839, and is chairman of "The tion of beer and ale increased simi- l'ive Years' Meeting of the Religious larly. Two thousand million gallons Society of Friends in America," of all kinds of liquor were with- which represents all the orthodox drawn from the government ware- Quakers in the United States and houses for consumption, which means Canada, excepting those in Philadel- that 22.29 gallons per capita were sold phia. Prominent in reform work, as and drunk. In 1907 the per capita in religious work, having extensively was 22.28, and 1907 was the year of traveled, and being well acquainted the previous record. with the work of missions in foreign lands, Mr. Wood is well suited for The commissioner reports also that the responsible office to which he has opium-smoking is on the increase, and been chosen. that opium dens are multiplying. He also complains of the tremendous vio- Dr. Barbour Resigns lation of the oleomargarine law. The whole report may well be styled an AT the quarterly meeting of the unpleasant document. Board of Managers of the Amer- ican Baptist Foreign Missionary So- THEA Shameful Case of Disunity ciety, the resignation of its foreign American Missionary gives secretary, Rev. Thomas S. Barbour, this as a well-authenticated fact: D.D., was reluctantly accepted. It The churches in the town of X, will take effect not later than May I, with the roughly estimated member- 1912, at which time Dr. Barbour will ship of each, are as follows: have rounded out thirteen years of efficient and effective service with the About great Baptist Society. His failing Methodist Episcopal. . . . .. 400 health makes it imperative that he Presbyterian . . . . . . . . . . . .. 300 should lay down the full and arduous Baptist …………….. 200 cluties of his responsible office. His Congregational ………. 200 retirement means a severe loss to the Disciple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 cause of missions. Episcopal …………… 50 Roman Catholic ……… 30 A Deplorable Situation Nazarene …………… 50 Free Methodist. . . . . . . . . . 50 T HE regular meeting of the execu- Seventh-day Adventist . . . . 20 tive committee of the Board of Christian Scientist (First) . 30 Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Ch ristian Scientist (2nd). . 10 Church in the United States was held Spiritualist …………. 25 on November 14. Progressive Dunkard….. 30 Other Dunkard, or Brethren 20 It then found the financial situation Millennial Dawn ……… 10 far from reassuring. The offer- ings from congregations during Sep- Total ……………… 1,575 tember and October were $IO,OOO less than the amount received during New President of the American Bible the same months in 1910. The re- ceipts for the two months were only Society $52,000, but the disbursements to meet the board's appropriations to- M R. J AMES WOOD has been taled $226,000. Already $260,000 of elected president of the Ameri- the reserve deposits have been called can Bible Society, of which he has upon to meet obligations, including been a manager since 18g6, and a the deficit of $I72POO carried over

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

from last year, and the committee was to enable him to make the trip. Thus obliged to authorize further drafts these Japanese Christians showed against them in case of need before their affection and appreciation, and the next meeting. Never before in also their progressiveness. . After a the history of the board have these brief visit in New York, Mr. Uemura deposits been so largely drawn upon sailed for Palestine on December 16. so early in the year, and the treasurer is a little uneasy with reference to A Japanese Editor in America January and February payments. May the Lord open the hearts and treas- M R. MASAHISA DEMURA, who uries of the friends of this extensive has been for a few weeks on a and blest work. mission of evangelism to his country- men on the Pacific Coast, is one of the For Moslem Mi58ions most distinguished products of Pres- byterian missions in Japan. Leaving A LARGE and distinguished com- a position as professor in Meiji Ga- pany of guests gathered at the kuin to establish a theological school home of Mr. and Mrs. Eben E. Olcott, in Tokyo, he at the same time estabof New York, recently, in the interest lished The Gospel News, a most virile of work among the Mohammedans, and ably edited Christian weekly and especially in reference to the journal, which has an immense inwork of the "Nile Press," which has fluence in shaping the church. Dr. been established at Cairo for the pur- Demura has been moderator of the pose of providing a suitable literature national synod, and for years was for use throughout the Moslem world. chairman of the board of home mis- Several strong addresses were made. sions in the Church of Christ in Dr. Charles R. Watson, secretary of Japan; while at the same time ministhe Foreign Mission Board of the tering to a large church in the impe- United Presbyterian Church, de- rial capital, with an audience comscribed the opportunities now pre- posed very largely of business and sented in the Turkish dominions and professional men. Such men as Dr. the special benefit of the wide distri- Demura are the hope of the self-supbution of Christian literature. Mrs. porting, self-propagating church not S. M. Zwemer, who has recently re- only in Japan, but in all our mission turned to this country to care for her fie1ds.-The Continent. children, gave many instances of the good wrought by the distribution of The Gospel in Guatemala tracts and books already issued by the Nile Press. And Dr. Robert E. Speer D R. STANLEY WHITE, of the gave a masterly generalization of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign conditions among Moslems and their Missions, visited Guatemala during claims upon Christians. his recent trip to Central America, and says that education and religious Prominent Japanese Pastor in New York liberty have made much progress since the Roman Catholic Church has REV. M. UEMURA, pastor of the been dethroned as an ecclesiastical Fugimicho Church, Tokyo, Japan, power. The old monasteries and conreached New York in the beginning vents, which were confiscated by the of December. He is one of Japan's Government, have been turned into most learned men and a strong pillar public schools and modernized, so far in the Japanese Church of Christ. as possible. Education has been made Thirty years ago he was installed pas~ compulsory, and the teaching of Engtor of his congregation, and in cele- lish for at least two years is now rebration of the anniversary his people quired in the schools. Military, athpresented him with a large purse to letic, and industrial institutions for cover the expense of a trip. to Pales- students have been established, but tine and with a vacation long enough alas! the whole work of education is

somewhat hampered by the lack of Conditions in Panama Canal Zone well-equipped teachers. ENCOURAGING word regarding However, there is danger at the religious conditions among the present time in Guatemala, because American white population comes the people have lost faith in the ecclesi- from the Panama Canal Zone. At astical organization which in the past every important town on the route has been dominant. The Roman Cath- there is a well-established Y. M. C. A. olic churches are often sadly out of The buildings are large and equipped repair and grossly neglected. Purity with offices, reading-rooms, auditoriof life and conduct are not much um, amusement and exercise rooms, coupled with religion. There is there- and baths. Chapels are also erected fore special need for positive preach- and equipped for religious worship all ing of the Gospel in Guatemala at along the line, religious services being present. The Presbyterian mission conducted regularly by the chaplains consists of two stations, Guatemala of the commission. There are union City and Quezaltenango. There are services for all Protestants, which are five missionaries on the field, and two quite well attended. Four of the under appointment. Three native chaplains are Roman Catholic priests workers have charge of five or six and look after their members. There outstations. A paper, published in are Protestant Sunday-schools in Spanish, is widely distributed and ex- every village, and in some of these all erts a strong evangelistic influence. the school children are members. Re- Yet there is much room for more cently a Sunday-school convention work. was held. Every school in the zone was represented, and the Governor of A Christianized Indian Tribe the zone and the judge of the Supreme Court made evangelical and strong T HE Haida live upon the Queen addresses. Charlotte Islands, south of Alaska. Once the tribe was more feared The Gospel in tIle Basin of the Amazon than almost any other Indian tribe of the north, and whenever its war-canoes T HE basin of the Amazon is little were reported to have started from known, tho it occupies two-fifths the islands, the Indians living near of South America, and tho the waterthe coast of the continent fled into the ways of the Amazon, and its tribuforests. To-day the power of the Gos- taries amount to 31,000 miles. At pel has wonderfully changed these one place the river is fully 25 miles wild warriors. The missionaries set- wide. tled among them, and after many years of faithful labors the whole tribe Some months ago the agent of the has been Christianized. In Masset, British and Foreign Bible Society at where the Haida chiefly live, the Buenos Ayres started to reach the church services are well attended, and town of Manaos, which is situated men and women pay fine attention to about a thousand miles up the Amathe sermon, and to the singing of the zon River, and is the capital and centrained choir, composed of members ter of the large state of Amazonas. of their own tribe, and accompanied While the town is in many ways a by a talented Haida organist. Fifty modern town, lighted with electricity, years ago these people hated the In- and provided with good electric streetdian tribes upon the Continent. Now car service, it is not well drained, and the Gospel has taught them to love the sanitary conditions are bad. No their enemies, and when the mission earnest efforts are made to destroy buildings in Aiyansk, upon the Con- the mosquitos which c-arry disease, estinent, were consumed by fire, a short pecially yellow fever, because, as one time ago, Christian Haida women, tho of the officials said recently, "Yellow very poor, contributed twenty dollars fever does not trouble us, and if fortoward their rebuilding. eigners can not live here, let them die.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Vhy go to any expense?" There are Temperance in the British Army several Protestant clergymen in the city. Of these the Presbyterian min- IT is an interesting story told by the ister has been trying to circulate the Rev. Joseph H. Bateson, chaplain in Scriptures among the inhabitants, the British army in India. In 1888, he who are almost unacquainted with says, "this army was described as a their contents. He made arrange- 'national school for intemperance'; ments with the representative of the but under Lord Roberts's leadership British and Foreign Bible Society to it became known as a national school keep a stock of Bibles and Testaments for temperance. Out of 64,000 men in his house, until a colporteur can be wearing the king's uniform in India sent to reside there. Thus the Word we now have 31,000 total abstainers. of God is entering these almost for- Lord Roberts brought this about by gotten regions. making the temperance room of the barracks more attractive than the can- The Evangelical Union of South America teen. And when he did that the backbone of the canteen was broken." T HE Evangelical Union of South America has been organized in THE CONTINENT London. It is a new society in name and administration only, but not in England to Evangelize France? personnel, and it expects to consolidate the South American Evangelical CONSIDERABLE interest and en- Mission, and the South American in- thusiasm are being stirred up in terests of the regions beyond mission- England over plans to seriously un· ary union. The latter has been carry- dertake the evangelization of France. ing on work in Peru and Argentine, Within the borders of our sister rethe former in Brazil and Argentine. public there are some 40,000,000. Of Thus the consolidation will give the this number, Pastor Hocart has renew union a total staff of 43 foreign cently said no more than 4,000,000 workers. Among those who are can be regarded as real members of named as promoters of the Evangeli- the Roman Catholic Church. There cal Union of South America, we ob- are about 600,000 Protestants in the country. It will be seen, therefore, serve Revs. Campbell Morgan and J. what great need there is for some definite advance if France is to be- Stuart Holden of London, Dr. J. H. come in any sense a Christian country. Jowett of New York, Dr. Len This work is being done in some meas- Broughton of Atlanta, Ga., and Rev. by the McAll Mission, but these agen- George Smith of Toronto. The Lon- cies are not equal to the needs of the don headquarters are at 8 and 9 Essex work.

Street. Strand, W. c., England. The German Emperor on Alcohol EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN T HIS potentate has recently said over his signature: "I know very A Bishop on Christian Unity well that the pleasure of drinking is an old heritage of the Germans. How- T HE Bishop of Hereford, who has ever, we must henceforth, in every already done much for Christian connection through self-discipline, free Union, in his address to the Hereford ourselves from this evil. I can assure Diocesan Conference, boldly affirmed you that I, in my twenty-two-year that the wise policy of churchmen reign, have made the observation that toward their nonconformist neighbors the greater number of criminal cases is "to revert to the pre-Tractarian re- submitted to me for adjudication, up lationship of our Church with other to nine-tenths, are traceable to the Protestant bodies." His conviction is consequences of alcohol." that nonconformists should be treated as Christian brethren, even by welcoming them to share in the Holy Communion.

Women's Work for Women academical education was held in Ber- lin in the hall of the Berlin Mission- T NE:.JTY thousand Christian wo- ary Society. It was held under the men are organized in Germany joint auspices of the German Layinto women's aid leagues. Annually men's Missionary Movement, the Ber- 2,000,000 marks ($5°0,000) are raised lin and the Gassner Missionary Sofor their work, which consists in vol- ciety, and the Northeast German untary nursing, helping neighbors in Missionary Conference. Among the emergencies at titne of death or of speakers and lecturers were some of birth, cooperating in church work, in the leading missionary writers and Sunday-school instruction, and in a workers of Germany, and all the fields great variety of charitable and relig- of German missionary activity were ious effort. Nearly 700 women hav~ discust. It is expected, and rightly, taken the twelve weeks' course of' that the teachers, thus instructed and training for voluntary relief helpers. interested in the cause of missions, will exert much favorable influence Work for Women Students upon the youth under their instruc- tion. THE foyers, or centers for women students, in European universi- The Los von Rome Movement. ties are developing steadily. Paris has one such for French girls at the , 'ACCORDING to the official fig- Sorbonne, and the British and Amer- ures submitted to two denomiican Student Hostel in the same city touches the life of more than 2.000 nations, the number of conversions to young women. Another has been Protestantism in Austria numbered started in the University of Sophia last year 5,190, or 8 I 3 more than in (Bulgaria) as a result of the recent the previous year. The total number Constantinople Student Congress. of conversions registered during the There is also a Christian Association thirteen years of the movement is Center for women in the University 60,744. Most of the conversions have of Naples and a foyer for Russian taken place in lower Austria, whose women students in St. Petersburg. capital, Vienna, now numbers 76,721 Protestants; in Styria, where, thirteen Mission Study Urged years ago, only nine Protestant pas- tors were at work, and where now 31 IN accordance with the recommend- are in full employment, and in the ation of the International Mission German areas of Bohemia. During Study Conference held at Lunteren, the past year 2,009 men, 1,901 women Holland, in September, 1911 (see and 785 children were registered as MISSIONARY REVIEW, 19 11 , p. 943), having sundered their connes::tion with the executive committee of the Ger- Rome."-London Christian World. man Evangelical Missions decided at its meeting of October 19 to empha- Rome and Mixed Marriages size the missionary instruction of the youth to a larger extent than before, A ROMAN Catholic paper of New and a committee for the furtherance York City, says that the fight of the study of missions among the of the Roman Catholic Church youth has been founded. It shall be against mixed marriages of Roman Its duty to provide suitable literature Catholics and Protestants is a fight for missionary study classes and for her life. Statistics in Holland hours, and the well-known Dr. Julius ,how that out of 3,320 children who Richter has been given the responsible had a Protestant mother and a Cathtask of organizing the committee and olic father, 1,747 became Protestants, setting its members to work. 1,312 Catholics, and 376 had no re- ligion; out of 3,455 children who had At about the same time when this a Catholic mother and a Protescommittee was founded, a missionary tant father, 1,242 became Protestants, study course for teachers having an

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

1,851 Catholics, and 362 had no re- where, and if not setting grog anti ligion; but of 61,047 children whose kidnapping they are trying to buy parents were both Catholics, 61,017 girls for prostitution."-C. M. S. Reremained in the faith of their parents, view. and only thirty lapsed! The Rhenish Society in the Dutch East ISLANDS Indie. Progress Among the Bataks in Sumatra T vVO fields where missionaries of DIRECTOR SPIEKER, of the the Rhenish Missionary Society Rhenish Missionary Society, is are laboring can celebrate jubilees inspecting the work of that society in this year. The work among the Bathe Dutch East Indies. His reports taks upon Sumatra can celebrate its are full of encouragement, especially fiftieth, and the work upon Borneo its so far as they refer to the work among seventy-fifth anniversary. The work the heathen Bataks in Sumatra. upon Sumatra is the child of that Wherever he went upon his tour, upon Borneo, for it was started by thousands of heathen and Christian the Rhenish missionaries who were natives came to greet him. The forced to flee from the fury of the rechurches were crowded to the utter- bellious Dajaks in 1859, and selected most and thousands had often to sit Sumatra as their new place of labor, outside, being unable to gain admit- in r86r. But the child is far stronger tance. One day Mr. Spieker held a than the parent to-day, for Sumatra service upon the mountains near SiIin- contains to-day more than IOO,OOO clung-, and when he looked down the native Christians, while Borneo has mountain side it was black with men only a few more than 3,000. Sumatra and women. At missionary gather- is to-day the place for conversions ings the delivery of the free-will of- en masse, while Borneo has but few ferings often took hours. individual conversions annually. In Sumatra a Christian church of Ba- Gospel Gains Among Cannibals taks is in the process of formation, but in Borneo individual native Chris- LETTERS from Bishop Cecil Wil- tians and small congregations con- son appear in the Southern Cross tinue to have a hard struggle.· But Log for October. vVriting from San- the work in Borneo is far more diffita Cruz on June 16, he says he had cult, humanly speaking, than that in consecrated a church at Nukapu, the Sumatra. Dorneo is an island with a island where Bishop Patteson was small population scattered over a wide murdered, on the day before, a few territory, and this population is mixed months less than forty years since with. yea overrun, by a far larger the murder. All the islanders now number of Mohammedan Malays. The are either Christians, catechumens or heathenism of Borneo is very immoral hearers. The sister of the bishop's and most enervating. Large districts murderer has lately been baptized. are entirely under the power of Islam Bishop Wilson sends a melancholy re- and closecl to every Christian effort. port of the state of things in New And the Dajaks prefer to run about Hebrides: "The French are kidnap- in the forests, so that it is most diffiping, selling grog without restraint cult to reach them or to get the chilfrom the comissioner, and the British dren into the missionary schools. traders are in some cases doing the Thus, when we consider the tremensame. There is no justice to the na- dous difficulties of the work in Bortives at the hands of the French au- neo, we must confess that three thouthorities. The natives are at the sand converts in seventy-five years is mercy of the worst kind of white mnch blest fruit of earnest labor in scoundrels. These latter are every- a difficult field.

News from the New Hebrides associate editor of this REVIEW for the past· twenty-one years, and has T HE past year has seen another proved a devoted and valued helper in hospital added to the kindred in- many lines of missionary work. He stitutions in the New Hebrides in the was born in Philadelphia in 1831, and· shape of the "John G. Paton Memo- went to India in 1861, where he la- rial Hospital," at Port Vila. The bored as a missionary of the Method- work was commenced in June, 1910, ist Episcopal Church for seven years. and so pushed on in spite of the diffi- A full sketch of his life will appear in culties, and the scarcity of native a subsequent number of the REVIEW. labor, that it was opened in January, Dr. Gracey leaves two daughters and 1911. It occupies a healthy site on a son, with a host of friends to rise up Iririki, an island in the harbor of Port and call him blest. The funeral Vila, and has accommodations for ten services were conducted at Clifton European and twenty native patients. Springs, N. Y., on January 7th, and Thus a worthy memorial of John G. the body was laid away in the cemetery Paton stands in the capital of the New there beside that of his beloved wife. Hebrides in commemoration of his work in these islands. The number George B. Smyth of China of in-patients treated in the hospital in 19II has been 1I4 (16 Europeans), REV. GEORGE B. SMYTH, D.D., while the outdoor patients numbered missionary of the Methodist Epis- 912. The Margaret Whitecross Pa- copal Church in Fuchau, China, ton Memorial Church at Vila says in from 1882 to 1899, and Field Secreits annual report that its services on tary 1900, to 1910, first of the Mis- Sunday morning, which are intended sionary Society, and then of the primarily for the Europeans resident Board of Foreign Missions, died in in Vila, have been well attended, and Berkeley, California, Thursday, Dethat the different departments of work cember 14th. He rendered valuable among the natives have been success- service as President of the Anglo-Chifully carried on. nese College at Fuchau, and later as Field Secretary of the Methodist Epis- The services for natives which used copal Missionary Society. to be held on the plantations had to be suspended, however, because a Dr. Elmore Harris, of Toronto number of planters objected to religious services being held among their W ORD has just reached us of the indentured labor? Thus the necessity death of Rev. Elmore Harris, of a house built beside the church is D.D., of smallpox, at Delhi, India, becoming- apparent. A n efficient na- Monday, December 18, IgII. Accomtive teacher could live in it, take care panied by his second wife, a bride of of church and grounds, and have more a few months, and his youngest son, frequent services and classes for na- Erdman, Dr. Harris was making a tives in the church. tour of the mission fields.

OBITUARY NOTES Dr. Harris was a man of wealth, which he used liberally for the spread A Dr. John T. Gracey of the Gospel, supporting several for- FTER a lingering illness of seven eign missionaries and making large years, Rev. John Talbot Gracey, gifts to other causes. After a suc- D.D., president of the International cessful career as pastor at St. Thomas Missionary Union, died at his home in and Toronto, he founded the Toronto Clifton Springs, N. Y., on Friday, Bible Training School, of which he January 5, 1812, at the ripe age of was president. Dr. Harris's death ~ighty years. Dr, Gracey has be~n an caused a great sense of loss to Chr:is- tians of all denominations. AND MISSION LANDS HALF A CENTURY IN CHINA. By the Ven- strong sense of responsibility to God, erable Arthur E. Maule, B.D. Illustrations and map. 8vo, 343 pp. 7s. 6d. Hod- and a vision of eternal things.

der & Stoughton, London, Toronto, New A GLIMPSE OF THE HEART OF CHINA. By York,I9 1 1. Edward C. Perkins, M.D. Illustrated.

Archdeacon Moule has been fifty 12mO, 95 pp. 60 cents, net. Fleming H. years in China as a missionary of the Revell Co., 1911.

Church Missionary Society. He is a Some "glimpses" are worth while, careful observer, and a thoughtful and this is one of them. It gives a writer, and gives, as a result of his ex- picture of the self-sacrificing work of perience and study, a pen picture of a Christian Chinese woman doctor, many incidents in his life, and makes Mary Stone, of Kiukiang, a city near a strong appeal for the preservation Hankow. Dr. Stone has a hospital of all that is good and true in Chinese and dispensary, with twenty Chinese character, customs and history. He nurses trained by herself. This story advocates the union and unity of gives a true picture of some things Christendom. that Christianity is doing for China Archdeacon Moule describes graph- and the Chinese through those who ically the changes seen in China in have been converted and trained by half a century, tells the dramatic story Christian teachers.

of the Tai Ping rebellion, and its con- THE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF MISSIONS. sequences; narrates many interesting stories, legends and facts about the Edited by J. H. Oldham. $2.00 a year.

Published quarterly. 75 cents a number.

Chinese, tells of the cities in which he 100 Princess St., Edinburgh, and 156 has lived and where he has visited, Fifth Ave., New York, I9f2.

gives a forceful chapter on the mis- The first number of the quarterly sionary and his message in China, and issued under the auspices of the Con- another on the influence of modern ed- tinuation Committee of the Edinburgh ucation and literature. Conference has been eagerly awaited.

In his "Retrospect and Prospect," It is a solid and valuable review, well Archdeacon Moule calls attention to planned to meet the need of a scien- the fact that this ancient country and tific missionary magazine for students people have few monuments and and experts. Most of the articles are buildings of the past. Many of the too long and too technical for the gen- ancient records have only a limited eral reader, or even for pastors and historic value. The country and peo- laymen, but the articles are by the best ple have, however, been remarkably missionary experts, and deal with stable for centuries, and this in itself topics of importance and timely inter- is a sign of strength and an asset of est. In this first number Dr. John R.

value. Archdeacon Moule wrote be- Mott writes of "The Continuation fore the present rebellion, but had dis- Committee" and its work. Dr. Tohan- cerned many symptoms of decay that nes Warneck contributes the fi~st pa- he believed indicates the coming disso- per on "The Growth of the Church in lution or transformation. He does the Mission Field-I. Among the Ba- not believe that a representative gov- taks." The Hon. James Bryce gives ernment will remedy the political his "Impressions of a Traveler Among weakness and corruption. Reform, Non-Christian Races," and President however, has long been needed, and Harada, of the Doshisha, describes must come. The greatest need, how- "The Present Position of Christianity ever. is Christian education, with a in Japan." The notes on recent periodicals describes some current papers, tent with more than surface knowland the bibliography of recent books edge. Dr. Ross acknowledges that is especially full-including Continen- missionaries make mistakes, but he tal publications. also sees that they have problems, and that they have been used to We have at last a quarterly for work miracles in changing Chinese which many have been wishing-one thought and customs. He sees in the devoted entirely to the deeper study present thirst for Vestern knowledge of missionary problems and progress. a golden opportunity for missionary It seems almost too much to hope that schools and colleges. it will become self-supporting, but it is worthy of life anel we would like to The volume is well written, attracsee it combined with The East and tively published and copiously illusthe liVest of the S. P. G., since the trated. It will present a valuable side character and aim of the two quar- light for any study of China and the terlies are very similar. Mr. Oldham, Chinese. the eelitor, shows fine Christian spirit, and a comprehensive grasp of mission- ACROSS CHIN A ON FOOT. By Edwin J. Dinary ideals in his copious editorial gle. Illustrated. 8vo, 446 pp. $3.50, net. notes. Henry Holt & Co., New' York, 19II. THE CHANGING CHINESE. By Edward Als- worth Ross. Illustrated. 8vo, 356 pp. Mr. Dingle is a young journalist, $2-40, net. The Century Co., New York, who made the l,soo-mile journey 1911. across China from Shanghai to the Burman frontier in 1909-10. He This interesting and illuminating studied the people and the reform volume is not by a missionary, or a movement, so that his account is of resident of China, but hy a student especial interest at this time. Perwho came in contact with the Chinese sonal adventures and observations are chiefly during seven years as pro- well told in good journalistic style. fessor at Leland Stanford University While Mr. Dingle speaks more of the in California. Professor Ross writes social and political reform movements as a sociologist, who seeks to interpret than of religion and missionaries, he the social and political phases of Chi- speaks well of the latter, and distinnese character and life. The author guishes between the work of Roman traces the backwardness of China, not Catholic and Protestants. He preto political, educational, commercial, dicts the time when there "shall be or religious causes, but to social cus- proclaimed in China a Christianity toms and traits. He believes that the pure and simple, freed from all Chinese are different from Occiden- entangling alliances, a Christianity tals, not so much because of race as which shall not have been eclipsed in from environment and habit. The any age of the world's history." solidarity of the Chinese family, he believes, to be a cause of weakness, CALVIN WILSON MATEER. By Daniel W. not of strength, and is strongly op- Fisher, 12mo. Illustrated. 342 pp. $1.50, posed to an open door to Chinese net. The WestrnlTIster Press, Philadel- labor in California, because of the phia, 1911. readiness of Chinese coolies to live without regard to morals or hygiene. This volume has already had an ex- tensive notice in our November num- The book offers fresh and valuable ber. It is a simple, straightforward material for study. Everything in it account of a veteran Presbyterian is related to the Chinese themselves. missionary who labored for forty-five The chapter on Christianity in China years in Shantung, China. Dr. Mateer gives a ringing testimony to the trans- was a strong, steady, constructive forming power of Christ when His worker, who taught, translated, gospel is truly preached and exempli- preached, and in many other ways fied, so that the Chinese grasp its con- served the Chinese. The storv of his life is interesting and stimulating.

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

HUDSON TAYLOR'S CHOICE SAYINGS. COI11- are signs of the breaking down of the wall of Moslem antagonism to piled frol11 his writings and addresses by Christianity, many are deserting Mo- hammed for Christ, and the Church D. E. Hoste. China Inland Mission, 19I1. at home is praying and working for 0'£ Hudson Taylor was one the Moslem world as never before. tl~e In the missionary study classes in America alone over 5,000 text-books, great men of his day-great III hIs "The Moslem World," are being studied. Dr. Zwemer concludes his grasp of God's truth, and in his faith able paper by saying: "As our eyes sweep the horizon of all these lands and fellowship with God. He had sa- dominated or imperiled by this great rival faith, each seems to stand out as gacity and insight, .detern:ination a~d typical of one of the factors in our great problem. direction. His chOlce saymgs contam Morocco is typical of the degradation of a wealth of wisdom on practical mat- Islam; ters of faith and conduct in spiritual Persia of its disintegration; Arabia of its stagnation; things that are of unique value to Egypt of its attempted reformation. China shows the neglect of Islam. Christians of all creeds. These Java gives an instance of the conversion, I ndia presents the opportunity, "Choice Sayings" are topically ar- Central Africa the peril of Islam.

ranged and are worthy of transmuting "The supreme need of the Moslem world is J eslts Christ. … We can do into life. nothing of ourselves; our sufficiency is of God." ISLAM AND MISSIONS. Edited by E. M. Wherry, S. M. Zwerner and C. G. Myl- IN THE SHADOW OF THE DRUM TOWER. By Laura Delany Garst. Illustrated. 121110, rea. Illustrated. 8vo, 298 pp. $1,50, net, 136 pp. Soc. Foreign Christian Mis- Fleming H. Revell Co., I9Il. sionary Society, Cincinnati, 191 l.

The Lucknow Conference was the The Drum Tower is in Nanking, second of missionaries to Moslems China, a place where mothers brought and marked another important mile- their children to die. The story tells stone in the progress of winning the of one child who was rescued with his mother, and became strong and Mohammedan world. This volume well in the hospital at Nanking. The contains the papers read at this con- main story relates to the work of Dr. ference in January, 19II, and they are and Mrs. Macklin, devoted lovers and important contributions by able men. earnest, faithful, self-denying work- Dr. Zwemer gives an introductory sur- ers in the Master's vineyard. This is a book that presents missionary work vey of the Moslem world, Dr. W. S. in the truest and best light. Nelson writes on Syria, Rev. F. Wiirz, Prof. Meinhoff, and Canon A MESSAGE FROM BATANG. By Z. S. Loftis, Sell on Africa, Prof. Crawford and M.D. Illustrated. r:~mo, 160 pp. 75 Mr. Trowbridge on Turkey, Dr. cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New Young on Arabia, Rev. L. F. ~ssel­ York, 1911. styn on Persia, Dr. W. A. WIlson, Dr. Loftis, who wrote this diary, Canon Weitbrecht and Rev. John was a missionary of the Foreign Tackle on India, F. H. Rhodes. o~ Christian Missionary Society to Tibe- China, Rev. G. Simon and ~. Adnam tans. He journeyed across China and on Malaysia, and Col. Vvmgate on into Tibet, visited the great Litang Central Asia, Islam under pagan Monastery, and practised his medical art to relieve the Tibetans of sickrule is described by Dr. Watson, and under Christian rule by Rev. W. H. T.

Gairdner. Almost every paper shows a e~ear, comprehensive grasp of the subject, so that the series of addresses presents a panorama of the present conditi~:m of Islam and the progress of mIssions among Moslems throughout the world. .

Dr. Zwemer shows in his opemng survey that Islam is not dead but that when Islam reforms it ceases to be the religion of the prophet. There

ness, idolatry, ignorance, and super- gational churches, but for all friends stiti~JI1. He died of typhus and small- of missions. The general statistics pox, after a brief ministry, in the midst of his work of less than a year. for all societies are not as full as those The diary tells of many unique expe- published in the MISSIONARY REVIEW riences of travel, strange sights, doctoring the Chinese and Tibetans, and but the income reported is larger; preaching tours. It gives an inside $30,37~,489, including auxiliary, coview of many scenes in China to operatmg and independent societies. which only a doctor would be ad- NEW BOOKS mitted. THE CHINESE AT HOME. The Man of Tong A PATHFINDER IN SOUTH CENTRAL AFRICA. By Rev. Wm. Chapman. Illustrated. and His Land. By J. Dyer Ball. Illus- I2mo, 385 pp. 4S. '1. A. Hammond, trated, 8vo., 369 pp. $2.00, net. Flem- London, 19II. ing H. Revell Co., New York, 1911.

The Primitive Methodist Church OTHER SHEEP HAVE 1. By Harold Beghas a mission at Bula-Bologna in South Central Africa, and it is of this bie. George H. Doran Co., New York work that Mr. Chapman writes. His 1911. ' experience covers some 12 years, and in plain, simple fashion he tells of his TWILIGHT TALES OF THE BLACK BAGANDA. life and work, his adventures and convictions. The narrative is over full By Ruth B. Fisher. Cloth boards, 3S. 6d., of unimportant details, and its story net. Marshall Bros., Ltd., London, 1911. is of more interest to those who sup- YAKUSU: The Very Heart of Africa. By port this particular mission than to the general reader. It gives, how- H. Suttnn Smith. Embossed Cloth ever, a good picture of pioneer work boards, gilt, 6s., nct. Marshall Bros., in a far-away African mission sta- Ltd., London, I9Il. tion-a work full of trial and difficulty, but fruitful. THE CHURCH OF THE OPEN COUNTRY. By Warren H. Wilson. Cloth, 50 cents; pa- THE HAPPIEST GIRL IN KOREA. By Miner- per, 35 cents; postage, 8 cents extra. Mis- va Z. Guthapiel. Illustrated. I2mO, I06 sionary Education Movement, 156 Fifth pp. 60 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., Ave., New York, 1911. I9Il. THE SOCIAL WORK OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. These little stories from missionary experience in Korea go straight to By Alva W. Taylor. 12mo, 265 pp. the heart. They are full of pathos $1.00. The Foreign Christian Misand human interest, of inspiration sionary Society, Cincinnati, 1911. without moralizing. They give an unusually graphic picture of what the LIFE IN THE MOSLEM EAST. By Pierre missionaries see and do, and show Ponafidine. $4.00, net. Dodd, Mead & why they love the Koreans and choose Co., New York, 1911. to live among them, in spite of the difficulties and hardships connected ISLAM AND MISSIONS. Being papers read with missionary life. The stories will interest and bless any sympa- at the Second Missionary Con- ference on Behalf of the Mohammethetic reader. dan World, at Lucknow, January 23- THE AMERICAN BOARD ALMANAC, 1912. IO 28, 1911. Edited by E. M. Wherry, cents. Boston. D.D., S. M. Zwemer, D.D., C. G. Mylrea, M.A. Illustrated, 12mo, 298. This compendium of the work of $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., the American Board is always a wel- New York. 1911. come friend. It is well illustrated and contains many useful facts not only SITA. A Story of Child-Marriage Fetters. for those connected with the Congre- By Olivia A. Baldwin, M.D. 12mo 353 pp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. 1911.

A PATHFINDER IN SOUTH-CENTRAL AFRICA.

A Story of Pioneer Missionary Work and Adventure. By Rev. William Chapman. Illustrated, 12mo, 385 pp. W. A. Hammond, London. 1911.

CHINA AND THE GOSPEL. An Illustrated Report of the China Inland Mission, 1911. 8vo, 170 pp. China Inland Mission, Philadelphia and London. 1911.

THE CONQUEST OF THE CONTINENT. By Rev_ Hugh L. Burleson. Illustrated, 200 pp. Paper, 35 cents; cloth, 50 cents. The Educational Secretary, 281 Fourth Ave., New York. 1911.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1911

OF THE LATE ARTH UR T. PIERSON, D.D

In college days, at 18 years, 1855 In his first pastorate, at 27 years, 1864 His latest portrait at 72, 1909 In Philadelphia pastorate, at 54, 1891 In Detroit pastorate, at 43, 1880

CJ:he §Vfiss{onary '1(eeview

of the World Published by Funk and Wa.,,<7Ilalls Company (J8&&C K. Funk, Pre8., A. W. WAgnalls, VIce-Pres., RobertI. Cuddihy, Treas., Robert SeoH, 8ec'y), 44-60 E. !3d St., New York.

VOL. XXXIV. No.8 AUGUST, 191 I VOL. XXIV. No: 8 Old Se,ies New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES~ THE CONTINUATION COMMITTEE sionary question. It is to be edited The Continuation Committee of the by Mr. J. H. Oldham, the secretary. Edinburgh Conference, of which Dr. John R. Mott is chairman, met in It is generally understood that such Auckland Castle, England, as the a magazine can not be popular or guests of the Bishop of Durham, May self-supporting, but it is hoped that 16th to 19th, inclusive. A fuller re- it will prove of great value to the more port of this meeting will be in our technical students of missionary probnext number, prepared by one who lems. was present, but in the meantime it is well to note one or two features. John R. Mott was urged to devote as much time as possible to the work 1. The spirit of unity and the desire of the committee, visiting mission for a fuller manifestation of this spirit fields and promoting the work of the continued to prevail. All but 7 of the committee at home. He is remarkably 28 members were present. The com- adapted for such work, and we look mittee considered questions not of lo- for great development in united effort calor denominational interest, but and in scientific development of misthose pertaining to the world and the sionary work in the next ten years. Kingdom of God, and the church as a whole. They considered such GEORGE S. EDDY IN CHINA themes as boards of study to care for the preparation of missionaries for Mr. George Sherwood Eddy, who their work; how missionaries are to has this year joined Dr. John R. Mott stand related to national governments; in the work for students in the East, the occupation of the entire world for recently spent a week in Shanghai. Christ, etc. After visiting the cities of southern China, meetings held in the Martyrs' A second important discussion was Memorial Hall, at the Young Men'e; on the establishment of a magazine to Christian Association Building, were represent the committee and its work. crowded each night with over a thou- They decided to issue an International sand men, a picked audience of stu- Missionary Quarterly, under its own dents and leading young business men, control, to discuss the more tech- admitted by ticket only. Many were nical and scientific phases of the mis- turned away who could not obtain standing room. These men are among • The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW" but do not accept responsibility for opinionE' exprest, or posi,tions taken by contributors.-D. L P. the most patriotic students in the world 400 illL[uirers were enrolled from the and are throbbing with a burning na- association, and from 12 different in- tionalism. The subjects of "Patriot- stitutions in the city, and more than a ism," "The Need of China," "The Fu- hundred men personally confest Christ.

ture of China," etc., drew large num- In the three previous cities about one bers. Several young men in China hundred men in each came out, either have recently cut off an arm or a as inquirers or converts. In the first finger to send their petitions to the college visited on the last trip about government written in their own one-third of the students who took a blood. On the night when Mr. Eddy stand have already been baptized. Ap- spoke on "Christ the Only Hope of proximately one-third still desire to China," the interest was intense, and unite with the Church, but are pre- even pathetic. When he asked those vented by their youth or by their to rise as inquirers who would prom- non-Christian parents. Perhaps a ise to test Jesus Christ by daily read- third have fallen by the wayside, or ing His life and teaching, by daily have dwindled away through the per- prayer, and by following Him accord- secution of their parents and relatives.

ing to their conscience, over three There is urgent need at this time for hundred men rose and signed cards. prayer for all these studenrs who have These men are now being followed up taken a public stand. Many will be and enlisted in Bible classes and pri- passing through a terrible ordeal, for vate study groups. In subsequent meet- a man's foes are those of his own ings, after presenting the claims of household.

Christ as Savior and Lord, over a hun- Mr. Eddy reports on every side evi- dred men rose to accept and to confess dences of growth and encouragement Him publicly. in the Christian Church in China. The Meetings were held also in the va- Boxer uprising tried to wipe out rious mission colleges of the city. In Christianity, yet the empire gained one college 40 students from non- more converts in the ten years since Christian homes con fest Christ as Sa- that uprising than in the previous 90 vior and Lord. Meetings were held years of Christian effort in China. The also in the Imperial Polytechnic Col- movement for church union is as lege, the largest government institution strong in China as in India. On every in the city, and in a neighboring city, hand educational institutions are being where 900 students, largely from gov- united, and movements are on foot for ernment schools, filled the hall. uniting some of the denominations.

The opportunity before the Young THE Y. M. C. A. IN CHINA Men's Christian Association for reach- ing government students, for whom The growth of 'the local Young practically nothing is being done by Men's Christian Association in Shang- any other body, and for attracting the hai has been phenomenal. Four years upper classes in the cities, is unique. ago the building was in course of con- In every college where Christ was pre- struction. Within four years it has be- sented and decisions were asked for, come a center of mighty activity in the there was response on the part of the heart of that great city, and the build- students. During the week more than ing has already been outgrown. Its

OF THE

membership has increased within the tures and Bible classes. In some of the four years from some 300 to over colleges in China one is glad to find a 1,600; its students in educational staff of from IO to 15 foreigners for classes from about 200 to over 600; its two or three hundred students, and staff of workers from I7 to 54, and its these are none too many. But in the annual receipts from $8,000 to $25,000, Y. M. C. A. at Shanghai, two foreign all contributed and raised locally by the secretaries and thirty able Chinese Chinese themselves. It is a testimony teachers conduct a self-supporting into the efficiency of the association that stitution with 600 students, as only one within these four years the Chinese of the minor departments. have raised for the extension of the association over $85,000. Large gifts The building was erected at a cost have been enthusiastically given, Loth of $60,000, with only two foreign secby Christians and non-Christians. The retaries supported from abroad, which Viceroy, leading officials, financiers, is the mightiest evangelistic force in and merchants in the Chinese commu- this great city among the upper classes. nity have contributed large sums for Whoever gave this building, and whothe purchase of land to enable them to ever has been supporting these men erect new buildings. The Young Men's has been making an investment which Christian Association stands as a great is multiplying at compound interest, l11ediatin~factor between the East and cl1ld which is proving a mighty force the West, between the aspirations of for the regeneration of this great young China and the benefits of Chris- empire. Within four years the prestian civilization, whi~h it has to offer ent building has been outgrown, but them. More than 25,000 young men it may accommodate a boys' branch during the year attended the various of some two thousand members. scientific lectures, socials, debates and Within the next four years the mem· entertainments in the association. The bership of the association may easily moving pictures on the life of Christ rise to a total of 5,000 in the city. To have held the record for the largest at- multipiy such buildings a:1d to place tendance, crowding the hall on many a few picked men from the West in occasions. A total of 38,000 men at- a score of provincial capitals and the tended the various religious services great centers of commerce of the Chiduring the year. More than 600 stu- nese Empire, will enabie the associadents have been enrolled in the various tion to reach government students, Bible classes, of whom more than who are to furnish the official class three-fourths are non-Christians. A for new China, the young business number of men have confest Christ men in this day of the country's comand joined the Church. More than mercial awakening, and the literati, 600 young men are in attendance at who are the brain of the empire, and the day and night schools of the who will guide its thought and life. Y. M. C. A., making it one of the lar- Doors of opportunity are flung wide gest educational institutions in the city. before Christian young men to-day, all They represent the best families in the over Asia. "In no place in the world," community, and are practically all at- says Mr. Eddy, "is there such an optending the voluntary religious lec- portunity as in Asia for the investment of prayer, of life, of wealth."

A MOHAMMEDAN MISSIONARY the two days of the week when the SOCIETY school is closed in keeping up a con- The organization of a Mohammedan tinuous evangelistic work among these Missionary Society, called "The So- villages-and this with practically no ciety for Invitation and Instruction," additional expense. The people are is announced in Cairo. Its purpose is open-minded and receptive to the Gos- the founding of a seminary in Cairo pel, and Mr. Stead, who has been in where men shall be prepared for Daulatabad making the preliminary ar- world-wide propaganda in behalf of rangements, writes that he is more and Islam. They shall proceed to heathen more imprest with the largeness of the lands and to the lands of "The Book," opportunity here presented.

i.e., of the Bible, where religious liber- SHADOW AND SUNSHINE IN ty prevails, but they shan be used also TURKEY to strengthen Mohammedans who are drifting away from Islam on account The outlook in Turkey is not altoof carelessness or of lack of instruc- gether encouraging. In parliament tion. Islam seems to be preparing for there are stormy debates over Ziona battle royal with Christianity. May ism and other racial and religious diit find us prepared! visions. Frequent changes in the min- istry, and rebellions in Albania and OPPORTUNITY IN PERSIA Arabia show an alarming instability A wonderful opening for the Gospel and weakness in the Government.

in the village of Daulatabad, some two In other ways the conditions under days distant from Ramadan, is seen the new regime have improved; some in the fact that several Moslems have political and social reforms are pro- collected I,5°O tomans-$3,75o-to gressing, and if the financial difficul- open a school which shall be entirely ties can be met, the administration may self-supporting, and have asked for yet succeed. Whatever happens, the Christian teachers. Full liberty has old conditions and methods can never been given to teach the Bible, and the be restored. It is encouraging to note request has been made that the teach- that the minister of the interior has af- ings of Christianity be included in the firmed in parliament that the policy of curriculum. Some of the leading men the Government was not one of fusion of the city are enthusiastic supporters nor of suppression of language or re- of this movement, among them being ligion; that it was not meant to make one of the prominent "Ahounds," as all the inhabitants Turks, or to fill all the Mussulman religious teachers are .the offices with Turks, but to appoint called. The founders of the school are capable officials and to seek patiently to planning to build a large, modem adjust questions of dispute.

school building very shortly, and some A fierce struggle is proceeding be- of them say they will sell part of their tween the old regime and the new.

land, if need be, to make this the best For the moment the forces of reaction school in Persia. seem to be in the ascendant. They Daulatabad is the center of a large have forced th·rough the "Committee number of villages which can be easily of Union and Progress" a program of reached, so that the missionary who ten articles described as "anti-Parlia- takes charge of this school can spend mentary, anti-Christian, and, if not fa-

natically, at all events, narrowly Is- and used. The Osman Lloyd, a weII- lamic." We had hoped that, with the known Eastern paper, which pub- downfall of Abdul Hamid, after the lishes the edict, reminds its readers experiences of his iniquitous reign, that the Arnautes are called the people Turkey would be ready for enlightened without book (Kitabsis Arnaut), be- government; but tyrannies die hard. A cause, so goes the legend, their fore- lady writing from Montenegro to the fathers once hid his book in a head of Westminster Gazette describes how cabbage, and a cow came and devoured she had seen a large village in Albania cabbage and book together. "Since burned by Turkish soldiers, and the that time the Arnautes have remained three Christian churches wrecked, 'without book,' and are to-day almost while the mosques were left alone. entirely illiterate."

Twenty years ago Dr. J. K. Greene PROTESTANT CHURCHES IN NICA- RAGUA had the privilege of showing the sights of Constantinople to an American The Moravian Missions-blatt contraveler who had introduced himself as tains in its June number a most inone interested in missions. At the end teresting and important statement conof the day this stranger told Dr. cerning the attitude of the Government Greene that he had been much inter- of Nicaragua toward religion, from ested in the need of a church building which we translate the following. Acat Gedik Pasha and begged to place on cording to the newspaper, El Commerdeposit $5,000 for the new church cia, of February II, I9II, the Conbuilding. Since that year, 1890, the gress of Nicaragua is composed of beeffort has never been relaxed to se- tween 30 and 40 members, of whom cure permission to build that church. only one, Mr. A. W. Hooker, is a Only now has the permission been re- Protestant. At the meeting, of which ceived. The head of the Mohammedan El Commercia wrote, "the recognimosque said, "Far be it from me to op- tion of religion in Nicaragua" was the pose in any way the building of a order of the day. The Roman Cathohouse for the worship of God in this lics proposed the following resolution: place." The leaders of the Gregorian "The religion of the republic is the and Greek churches were equally cor- Catholic, Apostolic, Roman religion. dial. There is a great contrast be- It is prohibited to limit the liberty or tween this attitude and that under Ab- the legal rights of the Catholic Church. dul Hamid. The exercise of other religions must PROGRESS IN ALBANIA not be hindered so long as they are Halil Bey, the Secretary of the In- not opposed to Christian morality and terior in Turkey, has issued an edict public order." The liberal government concerning the reopening of the declared, however, that equal rights schools in Albania, which is of high- must be granted to all denominations, est importance for the cause of Chris- saying, "the Moravos are our brethren, tian missions. The:se schools were who worship Jesus, only in different closed because they had used text- form, and whose religious principles books printed with Latin letters. In must be respected and guaranteed by future all books, except the Koran and us." It therefore moved to give the the catechism, may be printed thus Moravian Church the legal rights of a

person. The Protestant member of second statement is even more pro· Congress, Mr. Hooker, asked that not foundly a cause of thanksgiving. only the Moravian Church, but all "These men told me that within a year Protestant churches be granted legal rum selling would be prohibited. They rights. After much discussion a reso- went away this morning with a very lution was passed which was very simi- favorable impression of the work of lar to that proposed by the Roman the missions." Catholics, to which was added, "The churches of other denominations shall Everywhere in that district there is have legal rights and full liberty." This an eagerness to learn to read. On a reads well upon paper, but the future recent journey the chief of a village will show if such liberty of the Protes- formally made request for a teacher tant churches is possible so long as and the opening of a school, offering the Roman Catholics are the leaders. to build at his own expense houses for the school and teacher. Ten young PORTUGUESE SLAVERY DOOMED IN men from that village have bought AFRICA primers and are trying to learn to read by themselves. Last year we mentioned the slavery which persisted in the Portuguese USING WASTE MATERIAL colonies on the West Central coast of Africa. Many have been praying that The World's Sunday-school Assoin some way the conscience of Portu- ciation has undertaken a new and exgal might be stirred and this crime tremely practical form of missionary against humanity might be stopt. work in organizing a "Department for A letter dated April 7, 1911, from Mr. Utilizing Waste Material." The su- Woodside, of the American Board, perintendent is Rev. Samuel D. Price, shows a new and more encouraging of Chicago, and the object is to gather attitude and outlook, for which we things from those who have excess, are thankful. He says: and distribute them to those who have need. Many missionaries can use to "We have had with us for the past great advantage in their work the two days a couple of Portuguese offi- things which others throwaway. This cials. They are a commission sent by work of gathering and distributing is the new Governor General of Loanda growing rapidly. The names of misto put a stop to the slave trade. Word, sionaries have been sent to over 1,000 it seems, had been sent some time ago Sunday-schools or individuals, and that there was to be no more slave many more requests are corning from dealing. These men came to see if the mission fields than can be supplied. that order was being heeded. They Books, pictures, illustrated papers, visited all the mission stations in Bihe, maps, Bibles, lantern-slides, Sundaygiving to each missionary a list of school exercises, scrap-books, postalquestions they were asked to answer cards, and numberless other things in writing. They asked if we knew that have served their purpose at horne any white man who had bought slaves, may be still more greatly used in other whether we knew of any officials con- fields. Send a line of inquiry to Rev. niving at it, or whether we knew any Samuel D. Price, 805 Hartford Buildwhite man abusing the natives." A ing, Chicago, Ill.

TAPPAN PIERSON AND HIS WIFE} FRANCES BENEDICT

A characteristic portrait taken about 1901 ARTHUR TAPPAN PIERSON: HIS LIFE AND HIS MESSAGE MANY-SIDED VIEWS OF THE LATE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF CONTRIBUTED BY FRIENDS AND COWORKERS The name and writings of Arthur T. artist of no small ability. A few knew Pierson are known all over the world, him as above all a friend in the day of but the man himself was only appre- trouble or a wise adviser in time of ciated by a few. Noone knows a man perplexity, and some who saw him in but his Maker, and yet many may gain the social circle and the home rememglimpses of the real man from various ber Doctor Pierson as the devoted angles. It is thus a composite portrait husband and father, the man of home that most clearly and faithfully pre- love and friendly fellowship. None sents the character and work of the who came into any close contact with man as he really is and not merely as him ever doubted his honesty, ability, the individual sees him. or fidelity to the truth at whatever the cost to himself. Those who knew him To some Dr. Arthur T. Pierson was best recognized in him two great pasonly a flaming advocate of missions- sions that overshadowed all else-even the "Nestor of Foreign Missions," as love of home and family-first, an inone calls him. To another he was the tense love and loyalty to the Word of enthusiastic Bible student and the zeal- God, and a desire to know, teach and ous champion of Biblical inspiration. follow God's revealed will; second, an One saw him chiefly as an eloquent overwhelming desire to see the Kingpreacher, another as a gifted writer; dom of God extended throughout the some knew him as a musician and a world, and a passion to use voice and lover of music; others, as a poet or an

pen and money to help carry out the life-work. 2. Second, his period as a great commission of Christ. These preacher, with a desire to serve and two passions, that are so closely re- excel as a Biblical and literary master lated and yet are sometimes unfortu- of sermon writing and delivery. This nately divorced, set the heart and soul period closed with the burning of of the man on fire, and he was willing the Fort Street Church in Detroit in and anxious to burn himself out in 1876, when he gave up literary preachtheir cause. ing for extemporaneous, evangelistic and expository speaking. 3. Third, Hi. Life Hiatory was the period of growing missionary zeal from 1876, when he offered to Doctor Pierson's life-history may be head a band of men to go into some divided into five periods: 1. First, his home missionary field and establish a days of preparation when at home, at Christian colony. During this time he school, at college, and in the theo- published his great "Trumpet Call;' logical seminary, God trained him in ways, seen and unseen, for his great DR. AND MRS. PIERSON, THEIR CH[LDREN AND GRANDCHILDREN*'

First row: Pierson Curtis, Mrs. Edith Pierson Evans, Rev. Frederick S. Curtis, Miss Anna W. Pierson, Arthur T. Pierson, Mrs. Jean Maclaughlan Pierson, Dr. Farrand B. Pierson.

Second row : Grace Curtis, Thomas S. Evans and Louise Evans, Mrs. Emma Belle Dougherty Pierson, Mrs. Helen Pierson Curtis, Mrs. A. T. Pierson, Ruth Evans, Miss Laura W. Pierson.

Third row: Gordon Curtis, Delavan L. Pierson, Ralph Curtis, Arthur Farrand Pierson. • This picture was taken at Northfield, Mass., in 1906. The only absent member -of the family was Miss Louise B. Pierson, who died while a missionary in India.

TAPPAN

the "Crisis of Missions," a book that knew that God hates all lying and dehad much to do with the great awa- ceit. This was one ground for his kening of the Church to wide mission- firm faith in the integrity of the scripary responsibility. 4. Fourth, was the tures. This characteristic often led period of international ministry when, him to say apparently harsh and unin 1891, he gave up stated salary and local pastorates to devote himself to A DRAWING BY DR. PIERSON wider work in America and England. 5. Fifth, there came in the closing ten A page from the golden·wedding volume pre· or fifteen years of his life a greater em- pared by Dr. Pierson for his wife in 1910. BeM phasis on more spiritual Bible study, neath the …drawing is the following verse, referring and a holier, more spiritual life. to their early married life: There was in the closing twenty-five years also a noticeable mellowing of Our home was humble, income smaU; character and a sweetening of disposi- Sometimes we had no cash at alI; tion that the earlier strenuous years of conflict against evil and struggle for And we were "up a tree!" mastery had retarded or obscured. But there was still a place to sleep> With clothes to wear and food to keep, Doctor Pierson was during all his life a hard worker, and the achievements And, once in a while, a "fee" 1 which many ascribed to unusual gifts were in reality due to unusual indus- kind things, but it was a surgeon's try. It was his custom to rise every kindness that pointed out the disease morning at 5 :30 or 6 :00 o'clock, in and desired to effect a cure. This also order that he might devote an hour led him to painstaking accuracy in the and a half or two hours to prayer smallest details, including sermoniand personal Bible study. It was dur- zing, Bible study, cash accounts, and ing these hours that he gained his letter-writing. Accuracy was a pasdeep insight into spiritual truth that sion with him, and wherever he was gave to his testimony and interpreta- led astray it was by trusting too much tion the ring of certainty and author- in the accuracy of others. ity. Every moment of the day was as conscientiously used, as were talents, strength and money-not in a parsimonious, solemn spirit, but as a good steward whose Master desired the health and happiness of his son and servant as well as his faithful service.

His Chief Characteristics Perhaps the three chief characteristics of Doctor Pierson, as viewed by his son, were first, his unswerving fidelity to truth and righteousness. He had no patience with fraud or falsehood of any kind. He believed in the absolute faithfulness of God, and

A second characteristic was his money, but to give a message to others. childlike simplicity of spirit. Only Here is the list: those who knew him best recognized this. Absolute faith in other men and Missions women sometimes led him astray, but one could deceive him only once; faith THE CRISIS OF MISSIONS. 1886. when shaken was with great difficulty THE DIVINE ENTERPRISE OF MISSIONS. 189l. restored. Trades people found in THE MIRACLES OF MISSIONS. (4 volumes.) Doctor Pierson a confiding customer, whom at times they might overreach 1891-190l. once, but his confidence was so genu- THE NEW ACTS OF THE APOSTLES. 1894. ine and friendly that they seldom took THE MODERN MISSION CENTURY. 1901. advantage of him. His judgment was also so good, as a rule, and his sense FORW ARD MOVEMENTS OF THE LAST HALF of stewardship was so strong that in business, as in theology, he usually CENTURY. 1900. succeeded. THE GREATEST WORK IN THE WORLD. The third prominent characteristic that we may note was his self-deny- Bible Study and Apologetics ing generosity. Doctor Pierson never sought things for himself. It was his MANY INFALLIBLE PROOFS. 1886. delight to give-money, time, talents, PAPERS FOR THINKING PEOPLE. 1892. influence, life-all were at the disposal of others. He would be as THE GORDIAN KNOT. 1892. pleased as a child if he could buy a IN CHRIST JESUS. 189B. suit of clothes at a bargain in order GOD'S LIVING ORACLES. 1904. that he might give more largely to THE BIBLE AND SPIRITUAL LIFE. 190B. God's work or to a brother in need. Giving was his one extravagance-i f THE BIBLE AND SPIRITUAL CRITICISM. 1905. it might be so termed. For years it THE ACTS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT. 1895. has been the custom of Doctor Pierson and his wife on their birthdays STUMBLING STONES REMOVED. 1895. and anniversaries to make presents to others. Their joy was to increase LESSONS IN THE SCHOOL OF PRAYER. the joy of others, to save in order that they might give. Even the money THE ONE GoSPEL. 1889. spent on themselves was not for lux- KNOWING THE SCRIPTURES. 1910. ury or personal comfort but in order KEYS TO THE WORD. 1887. that they might be enabled to do more THE INSPIRED WORD. 1888. efficient work. Spiritual Life and Sermons As an Author THE KESWICK MOVEMENT. 1903. The great industry of Doctor Pier- SHALL WE CONTINUE IN SIN? 1897. son is shown in the n"!arly fifty books THE MAKING OF A SERMON. 1907. that he wrote during his lifetime. THE HEART OF THE GoSPEL. 1892. These cover many themes, but each THE HEIGHTS OF THE GOSPEL. 1893. THE HOPES OF THE GOSPEL. 1896. one was written, not for fame or THE COMING OF THE LORD. 1896. GODLY SELF-CONTROL. 1909. THE SPIRITUAL CLINIQUE. 1909.

THE SPIRIT'S VOICE TO THE CHURCHES.

THE BELIEVER'S LIFE.

LOVE IN WRATH.

LIFE POWER. 1895.

Biography GEORGE MULLER, OF BRISTOL. 1899. JAMES WRIGHT, OF BRISTOL. 1906. CATHARINE, OF SIENNA. 189B. SEVEN YEARS IN SIERRA LEONE. 1897.

General SEED THOUGHTS FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS. 1900. THE DIVINE ART OF PREACHING. 1892.

EVANGELISTIC WORK IN PRINCIPLE AND PRACTISE. 1887. A VOLUME OF SERMONS (NEW). 1911.

ANSWERED PRAYER.

THE BIBLE IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC.

HOPE, THE LAST THING IN THE WORLP.

IN FULL ARMOUR.

THE CORONATION HYMNAL. 1894.

The suggestion as to a permanent and fitting memorial to Dr. Pierson will be found in the editorial notes (page 617). Friends will find it of interest.

ARTHUR TAPPAN PIERSON 57

The Early and Later Day. of the Presbyterian Church at Sing Sing, I was the successor of Rev. BY REV. WILSON PHRANER, D.O. John P. Lundy, who was his brother- in-law. having married his eldest sis- A former pastor and teacher of Dr. Pierson, and ter. For some time during the later a lifelong friend-now ninety years of age. years of his preparation for college, My recollections of our beloved DR. :PIERSON'S PARENTS friend extend back to the early period of his childhood and youth. He was Sally Ann Wheeler Pierson and Joseph H. Pierson born in the city of New York on March 6, 1837. I was first introduced Arthur Pierson was a member of my to him on the first Sabbath of May, congregaton. In 1857, at the age of 1843, when he, a lad of six years, was twenty, he was graduated from Hambrought by his sister to the Sabbath- ilton College, and then took his theoschool of Old Spring Street Church, logical course at Union Theological New York, of which I was then super- Seminary, New York, from which he intendent. The boy was placed in the was graduated in 1860, and was liinfant class, and as I entered the censed by the Presbytery of New church after Sabbath-school his York and ordained as an evangelist. mother met me and said: "Did my little boy Arthur join your school to- After supplying a church at Winday?" "Yes," I replied. Never will sted, Conn., and his marriage to Miss I forget the expression on the moth- Sarah Frances Benedict of New York er's face as she said: "Be sure you on July 12, 1860, he accepted a call make a Christian of him. I want all to the Congregational Church of Bingmy children to be Christians and to hamton, N. Y. For three years he live honorable, useful lives." labored there with much acceptance, I knew Arthur Pierson during his early school-days, and I taught him his Latin and Greek in the Mount Washington Institute, New York. I was then completing my studies in the Seminary. In his boyhood days Arthur Pierson was unusually bright and cheery, and gave promise of the brilliant future which was before him. He was studious in his habits, quick to learn, and remarkably intelligent and ambitious to win the approbation of his teachers. At the age of fifteen he made profession of his faith in Christ, and even in his boyhood was earnest and active as a Christian disciple. He first became a member of the Thirteenth Street Presbyterian Church, then under the charge of Rev. Dr. Samuel D. Burchard.

When I went in 1850 to take charge

and here his two eldest daughters a brilliant and powerful extemporanewere born. In 1863 he resigned to ous speaker. After thirteen years in Detroit, he was for one year pastor of 'Tll E C}lURCH AT BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK the Second Presbyterian Church of Indianapolis, and from there went to Pastor, 1860·1863 the Bethany Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia. This is the church of which the Hon. John Wanamaker is still a ruling elder and superintendent of the large Sabbath-school. Here, in a needy part of the city and in the midst of a very large number of young people, Dr. Pierson found a congenial field of labor, and here he did some of the best work in his life. He felt that he was adapted to the field, and with great earnestness and efficiency he prosecuted his work and gathered a rich and precious harvest into the Kingdom.

In 1888 he made his second trip abroad to England and the Continent, accept a call to the Presbytel'ian THE CHURCH AT WATERFOR~. NEW YORK Church of Vaterford, N. Y., where he spent six years in an active and Pastor, 1863·1869 useful ministry. I well remember having exchanged pulpits with him and the same year he became, at the during this period, and I learned from urgent request of Dr. Royal G. Wilder, his people that he was very highly esteemed and his work was greatly appreciated by his congregation and by the community. In 186<) he was called to the Fort Street Presbyterian Church of Detroit, Mich ., accepted . and there spent thirteen years (186<) to 1882). Here he grew in strength and his influence in the church was greatly extended. In 1876 his church edifice burned down, and for sixteen months he preached in the Opera I-louse. It was at this time that he was led to lay aside his manuscript, the use of which he never afterward resumed. It is no doubt largely due to this fact that he became so noted as

19II ] ARTHUR TAPPAN PIERSON

the editor of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Pierson as the results of this visit, and 01<' THE VVORLD. While always and in we hoped for new inspiration and imc all his pastorates he showed his in- pulse to the great cause of foreign terest in the work of missions, yei missions. The results of his personal this work grew upon him as the years observation, his fellowship with his went by, until he became so absorbed missionary brethren, and of the field in it that he was willing to devote his life and energies to the promotion of THE SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, INDIANAPOLIS the interests of this great cause. He took up the work of advocating the Pastor, 1882-1883 cause of missions with great enthusiasm, and to the end of his life it and the work would have been most largely absorbed his attention. His cordially welcomed, but God has in ruling passion, as one has well said, His infinite wisdom ordered otherwas the "evangelization of the world," wise. Our friend was not permitted and he became an expert and an au- to carry out his full purpose. Early thority upon the subject of foreign in his journey he was taken ill, and missions, having a larger and fuller was only able to visit the Hawaiian acquaintance with the subject than al- Islands and Japan and Korea. He remost any man of his day. turned home, and after a brief period of suffering he passed to the larger life During his several visits abroad he in the Better Land beyond. He did was preacher at the Metropolitan not regret having gone on this visit Tabe.rnacle for two years, and he to the foreign field. filled· the same position in Christ's Church, London, for two different Thus ended, at the age of seventyterms. He was the Exeter Hall lec- four, an unusually earnest, active, effiturer on Bible Study at three different times, and also gave the Duff Missionary Lectures in Scotland in 1893. After returning to America he annually lectured at Northfield in the Moody Schools and Conferences, and men and women gathered from far and wide to hear him. It was largely through his influence that the Student Volunteer movement was founded in Mount Hermon in 1886, and he was the author of the watchword.

Dr. Pierson's lectures and missionary sermons in many churches made his influence widely felt in behalf of worldwide missions. It was his deep interest in this subject which led him to undertake a personal visit to the foreign missionary field. Much was anticipated by the many friends of Dr.

cient and useful life. Few men have Hi. Student Life been able to make their influence on behalf of the blessed Gospel so widely BY REV. DELAVAN L. LEONARD, D.D. felt. By his preaching, his missionary lectures. his articles in THE MISSION- A college-mate and lifelong friend and coworloer ARY REVIEW, and by his numerous books he reached and quickened and My first meeting with Arthur T. helped vast multitudes of his fellow Pierson occurred in October of 1855 -a little over fifty-and-five years ago. He had then just entered his junior year in Hamilton College, at Clinton, THE BETHANY PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AND SUNDAY-SCHOOL} PHILAD&LPHIA Pastor, 1883·1891 men in many parts of the world. Sure- N. Y., and I a few hours before had ly such a life was worth living, and arrived upon the campus, an utter those of us who survive and who per- stranger, to begin my studies as a sonally knew and loved and appre- freshman. After supper, as I was ciated his character and work, as standing upon the steps of South Colwell the Church and world at large, lege, at the entrance of one of the have reason to thank God for giving halls, taking in my new surroundings to his Church in our time this emi- (and opprest by more than a touch nently earnest and useful servant of of loneliness and homesickness), a the Gospel. "Blessed are the dead who student came up with extended hand, die in the Lord from henceforth. Yea, inquired my name and gave his. With saith the Spirit, that they may rest the utmost cordiality he invited me to from their labors and their works do his room, which happened to be upon follow them." the third floor above mine. There, al-

TAPPAN' PIERSON

most at once, we well-nigh literally only for illustration, or to lend force "fell" into a friendship and intimacy to what was said. Certain always to unmatched by any other in my life. have something to say which was well I had come from a farm in Western worth hearing, he was also certain to New York, was clad in plainest attire, say it in such a way as to hold the my face sunburnt and my hands hard- attention of the hearer. Tho at gradu- ened with toil; while he was city ation he was as yet scarcely out of born and bred, and arrayed in gar- boyhood, being less than twenty, at ments which both for quality and style various points the evidence was con- far surpassed anything I had ever clusive that, should he live. his achieve- seen! Tho a member of the junior ments were destined to be far more class, from the first he treated me as than ordinary. None who knew him an equal, and appeared to desire my well in college were surprized when he friendship. That first evening in par- was invited to fill various promment ticular I was fairly stunned by my pulpits. even to the one made world- new friend's musical ability, both vocal famous by its connection with the and instrumental, as with voice and name of Spurgeon.

nimble fingers upon his melodeon he Naturally, his ability as an author rendered divers hymn-tunes and an- was not surmized in college days; but thems not only, but also passages from it is mainly through his writings that this and that oratorio and opera. The he will be remembered longest and by fellowship thus begun continued until the largest number. His monument is his graduation two years afterward, found in the pages of the twenty-two and again for a year in Union Theo- volumes of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW logical Seminary. and his books, which number nearly As a student Arthur Pierson was half a hundred.

really brilliant in many points. He stood well in all his classes, and came A Classmate'. Tribute within one of carrying off the highest BY REV. WILLIAM J. ERDMAN, D.D.

honors at graduation. This mark of A classmate and a lifelong friend intellectual genius was his: what In this brief tribute of love and es· many were able to gain and wield teem, I would call attention to the only after a severe tug for hours, he special preparation for his life work would grasp quickly-almost by intu- as a wonderful instance and iIlustra· ition. His memory also was phenom- tion of a divine purpose and ordering. enal; all his intellectual possessions Such preparation was both intellecseemed to be ready for use whenever tual and spiritual. wanted. To me, who knew Arthur T. Pier- On the platform, before an audi- son intimately for over fifty years, he ence, he was found at his best. now stands out in clearest light as one Scarcely ever did he approach a fail- who possest phenomenal abilities and ure or fail to please and edify. His varied acquirements, which he had form and presence were attractive, his consecrated wholly to the service and voice was musical, with seemingly glory of his Lord and Savior.

limitless reserves of power; his ges- His mental equipment was remark· tures were graceful, and were meant able. It was distinguished by quick-

ness of apprehension, tenaciousness of and luminous statements and cogent memory, clarity of judgment in mat- arguments so characteristic of his ters literary and logical, and an artis- writings and public discourses. The tic sense of harmony and proportion, Spirit of God fused and minted all which imparted to his style and char- into the new coin of the heavenly acteristics so distinctive that his wri- realm. tings were easily recognized by his constant readers. In brief, Dr. Pierson was thus pre- pared in earlier years for the great He had a power of accurate and di- mission to which God called and forerect utterance in his public addresses ordained him. It was no common man which made it possible to follow him who for two years, without loss to the with ease through the most elaborate church of its prestige or power, took arguments. Altho he was a genius, up the work of Charles H. Spurgeon brilliant, bold, fertile in imagination in his world-commanding pulpit; who and comprehensive in knowledge, he later lectured before thousands in Exwas noted for tireless industry and eter Hall, and in the cities of Great painstaking in the accumulation and Britain, and who always met most methodical arrangement of his knowl- acceptably the intellectual and spiritual edge. He was a signal illustration of requirements of the Keswick Conventhe oft-quoted definition of a scholar tions and Northfield Conferences. -"one who knows something of everything, and everything of some- In all such places, as well as in his thing"; and in his case, through a publications, there was the bold afdeep, purifying, spiritual experience, firmation of unworldly, evangelical that "something," of which he would truth. It was not possible for him to know everything, became the Sacred falter in his testimony to the need and Scriptures and Foreign Missions. power of the gospel "of Christ and Him crucified" to save men of every This spiritual change and conse- nation; he had been too mightily conquent consecration of all his powers vinced of the supernatural origin of to the service of the Lord took place the Scriptures, and of the weakness during his pastorate in Detroit, Mich. and unwisdom of an all-accommodat- In addition to other causes, it was due ing liberalism. in great measure to the testimony of Major D. W. Whittle, who was then His belief in the premillennial comengaged in evangelistic labors in that ing of our Lord to close "this present city. In this crisis of his life his am- evil age" with judgment and to open bition became sanctified and was di- the blessed age to come, was firmly rected into the ways which led to a held and positively taught. great ministry of world-wide blessing. His departure to be with Christ has In the multiform testimony and made a great vacancy among the leadteaching of his addresses and books it ers of the Church at home and abroad; is clearly evident how the facts and but all fellow workers and Christians truths gathered through many years in many lands must thank God for the from various realms of human knowl- life and ministry of this faithful servedge and achievement, now served for ant of Christ, and earnest contender the making of those felicitous phrases for "the faith which was once for all delivered unto the saints."

TAPPAN PIERSON

In the Detroit Pastorate ing less than brilliant. But his style of BY ELISHA A. FRASER, ESQ. preaching was entirely changed. The A friend and member of the Detroit Church largest opera-house in the city was Ifhen Arthur Tappan Pierson, a engaged for preaching services. Peoyoung man, not many years out of the ple of all denominations thronged to seminary, became pastor of the Fort Street Presbyterian Church forty-two years ago, he immediately became dis- tinguished as the preacher of sermons far out of the ordinary for their liter- ary style and scholarly finish. These classical productions attracted large congregations. His fame spread abroad. Visitors from other cities quite generally availed themselves, when in Detroit, of the privilege of hearing his discourses. He was in constant demand on special occasions throughout the State. It is not at all surprizing that the young man, flat- tered by such admiration, should be somewhat ambitious to make his ser- mons and addresses still more literary.

He subsequently states that such was the fact.

On the roth of November, A.D.

1876, the Fort Street Presbyterian Church was destroyed by fire. This was a structure of the Gothic type, of surpassing beauty, the pride of its pastor, the admiration of all beholders.

It was a sermon in stone. For more THE FORT STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, DETROIT than two decades the passing mil- Pastor, 1869·1882 lions had gazed upon it, to be forever hear the Gospel preached by Doctor after better men and women for the Pierson, and many came who had not beautiful vision that spoke to them of been accustomed to attend any relig- the Source of all beauty. The destruc- ious services. He laid aside his writ- tion of this building made a profound ten sermons, and without notes, look- impression upon the brilliant occupant ing squarely into the eyes of his audi- of its pulpit, and he afterward de- tors, delivered some of the most con- clared that it marked an epoch in his vincing and powerful sermons it has life. He gave up preaching for liter- ever been my pleasure and profit to ary effect, and his motto henceforth hear. The result was one of the great- was, "W0 is unto me if I preach not est religious revivals our city has the Gospel." Not that his sermons ever experienced. Scores of converts were less brilliant. He could be noth- were added to many of the churches

of all denominations in Detroit. Some to his persuasion for all good causes, of our most prominent and influential and their response was generous.

men date their conversion to a Chris- Doctor Pierson was invariably in tian life to those Opera House serv- Presbytery and Synod always facile ices. princeps. On one occasion, when as Doctor Pierson had no narrow con- a delegate I accompanied him to Syn- ception of his sphere of duty. He was od, the State University at Ann Arbor interested in the civic affairs of De- was under discussion, and some of the troit. and his voice was frequently delegates were denouncing the insti- heard in condemnation of the wrong tution as irreligious. The sons and and commendation of the right. All daughters of many Presbyterian fam- religious movements to advance the ilies were there, and I can distinctly cause of the Master received his en- recall Doctor Pierson's eloquent decla- dorsement without regard to creed or ration that if the facts were as stated, party politics: then there was a field for missionary He was one of the leaders in the labor at Ann Arbor. Steps were imme- founding of the Detroit Presbyterian diately taken with that end in view, and Alliance, an organization which united this resulted, under the leadership of all the Presbyterian churches of the Dr. Wallace Radcliffe (Dr. Pierson's city for the purpose of extending successor) in the establishment of Christian work. Largely through this the Tappan Presbyterian Association, agency the number of Presbyterian which now has buildings and other· churches in Detroit have been quin- property at Ann Arbor worth more tupled. than fifty thousand dolIars and a pro- He was influential in his own church spective endowment of one hundred in securing large contributions to all thousand dollars. This institution has good causes, and especially made his now its own student-pastor to look congregation conspicuous as one of after the religious welfare of about the best contributors to Home and eight hundred Presbyterian students in Foreign Missions. His church-mem- attendance at the University of Michibership was wealthy and influential. gan in Ann Arbor. Other denomina- Zachariah Chandler, then United tions emulating this example are doing States Senator, and Russell A. Alger, a like service for their students at the afterward United States Senator, and same institution. Similar work is also both subsequently members of presi- being done at other State universities dential cabinets at Washington, and throughout the Union. both likewise prominently mentioned as candidates for President of the The fourteen years of Dr. Pierson's United States, were regular members pastorate were fruitful in so many di- rections that it would be impossible to trace in this brief article. Our city of his congregation. James F. Joy, and State are living on a higher plane known throughout the Union as the because of his sojourn with us. To promoter and builder of railroads, elaborate would require a volume. His with judges, lawyers, men of all pro- influence in the labor of these years fessions and merchant princes, was shall go on widening for all time.

one of the trustees. Such men yielded "Blessed are the dead which die in the

Lord . . . their works do follow As a Miuionary Advocate them." Elder E. C. Walker once designated this pastorate as "the Gold- BY ROBERT E. SPEER en Age" of our church. A friend and spiritual son In the month of February, A.D. 1899, we celebrated the fiftieth anni- It is a privilege to be permitted to versary of the Fort Street Church. bear testimony to the influence which Doctor Pierson was present and de- Dr. Pierson exerted upon the mission- livered a stirring and elegant address. ary thought and life of his day. He wrote a Jubilee Hymn, which was sung on that occasion, one which we He was one of the great seers of the treasure as one of our most valued world vision. Early in his ministry possessions: he lifted up his eyes and looked upon the field, and as he looked he saw The Jubilee Hymn that it extended far beyond Bingham- ton, Waterford, Detroit, Indianapolis, o God, we adore Thee, and worship be- Philadelphia-that it embraced the whole world. There are many still fore Thee, who do not see this or who, thinking Thy praise tunes the harps of the they see it, are nevertheless dominated by preferences which split up the heavenly throng; world and postpone the claims of Thy love is eternal, Thy glory supernal; parts of it until other parts have been first supplied, or condition the offer Accept our thanksgiving and jubilant of the Gospel to some for whom Christ song. died upon its prior acceptance by others for whom He died no more. Thy mercy has led us, Thy Goodness has But Dr. Pierson saw the world whole, fed us, and thenceforward he Jived and wrought for the evangelization of it Thy Pillar has guided our wandering all, America and England, France and feet; Russia equally with China, India and Africa, and these equally with those. Thy wisdom has taught us, and now This world view profoundly affected Thou has brought us his conception of the Gospel and of Christ. It gave him a gospel as great In festal assembly, rejoicing to meet. as all humanity and a Christ greater than humanity. The view which men For fifty years cherished, this church has take of Christ is determined largely not perished, by the work they expect of Him. If all that is expected is an ethical ex- For Thou has upheld from the days of ample, the person of Christ con- its youth; tracts to that expectation. When men had a deep sense of sin and realized The lamp is yet shining, the light not that the work which must be done declining, for them was a work which only the Eternal in the flesh could do, then the The Flame still supplied with the oil person of Christ expanded and men of Thy truth. saw in Him their glorious God. Dr.

Some passing Death's portals, have joined the immortals, At home in the Church of the First- born above; Their worship inspiring, the:ir service untiring, Where day knows no night, and where life is all Love.

Our Jubilee meeting is rapidly fleeting, And pathways, unknown and untrod- den, to trace; Go Thou, Lord, before us; be Thy ban- ner o'er us, Till gathered at last to the praise of Thy grace.

Pierson had the great view of Christ pressure of this conception in full which a profound sense of sin and of power. It was looking and hoping sin's awfulness and of the wonder of for the second coming of Christ, and sin's forgiveness and defeat gives to a that great expectation filled it with man. But he had an even greater the earnestness and eagerness and in- view of Christ, for to the immensity tensity which came from its convic- of the work which he saw Christ do- tion that its enterprise was practicable ing in a single soul in dealing with and that it might and must make ready sin, was added the immensity of the for the coming of the Son of Man.

work which he saw Christ was to do Dr. Pierson held in this regard the for the world in destroying its sin, and Apostolic expectation. He did not by His Own promises and in His own fix the time of our Lord's return, just time, bringing in His world kingdom. as the New Testament writers did These views of the world as the ob- not, but he knew that the Christian's ject of Christ's love and redeeming proper attitude, if he is to be faithful grace, and as the field of the Church's to his Lord, is the attitude of vigilant mission, gave him a Gospel adequate preparedness. "Watch, therefore, for to the needs of each human soul and at such an hour as ye think not, the of our home lands. He early per- Son of Man cometh." But it was mt ceived that an English Gospel can from the Apostolic hope alone that he not save England or a single Eng- drew this spirit, altho the connection lishman, that the only Gospel which is between Christ's second coming and adequate to any local need is the uni- world evangelization, was to him, as versal Gospel, and that the sooner and it is to many, a Scriptural principle; the more fully we offer it to every it was also from his study of the creature, the richer and more massive world's need of the Gospel, from the will be its appeal and its ministry to New Testament representation of the each creature. A Gospel which is as salvation of Christ as the only salva- busy saving China as it is in saving tion, from the rapid movements of the Scotland will the sooner and more ef- world's life, from the opening of all fectively save both. He saw this, and doors, from the challenging successes his evangelistic message, which was of mission work, from the peril of ever fresh and effective, was indis- ~piritual clec1ens,ion and poverty at solubly bound to his missionary mes- home, if the primary duty of the sage. And conversely, he realized that Church was neglected. All these and the Gospel which is to be able to cross other considerations combined to fill wide seas and make an impact on him with an eager energy for imme- heathen lands must have an enormous diate efforts to carry the Gospel to the momentum, which can only be given whole world. The founders of the re- to it at home, and which must be given form missionary enterprise struck this to it here, if it is not to arrive with same note of immediacy. The evan- spent vitality. gelization of the world in their gener- In the second place, Dr. Pierson was ration was the noble dream of the one of the first to bring back into the early missionaries to the Sandwich missionary idea the conception of im- Islands. But for a generation or more mediacy. The early Church felt the the note of urgency had died low. Now

TAPPAN

it has sounded forth again loud and with incident and anecdote and fact.

clear. It was the dominant note at It ranged the whole world of life and Edinburgh, and to many that rich and all literature for its material, and it almost ecumenical reassertiOll of the fused all the material into a red and immediacy of our missionary duty wa"s contagious glow. There was always but the full and rounded utterance of the peril in such an apologetic of over- the message of which Dr. Pierson and strain, of seeing things in dispropor- a few others were the lonely voices tion, of startling the reader by taking in the wilderness, a quarter of a cen- hidden aspects and setting them in too turyago. brilliant a light, but these are the "The Crisis of Missions" was the perils of all propagandas, and if there book in which Dr. Pierson put his ap- was room for differences of spiritual peal-crisp, sharp, arousing. Hun- interpretation, nevertheless, the effort dreds of present-day advocates of mis- was always made to present facts and sions got their first inspiration "from to be sure that they were facts. In that "book. Some mission boards dis- public speech no men excelled Dr.

tributed it gratuitously to all minis- Pierson, Dr. A. J. Gordon and Dr.

ters of their denomination who would Ellinwood in presenting the new apol- promise to preach sermons on it. ogetic for missions, and in work with There are many situations which are his pen Dr. Pierson probably did more called "crises" which turn out very than any other one person to popu- ordinary, and there are situations care- larize missionary information and ap- lessly passed over by the Church peal. His books on "The Miracles which are real crises, bllt the world of Missions," his "New Acts of the conditions which were beginning cpostles," his missionary biographies when Dr. Pierson wrote this little such as of Muller and Johnson, and book, and the new missionary call his articles in the MISSIONARY REVIEW which was presented to the Church, were read by multitudes who began did truly constitute a crisis, and this to see that missions was one of the trumpet blast helped as much as any 1110st interesting and fascinating of single influence to awaken the Church themes. The "New Acts of the Apos- to realize the significance of the new tles" was the Duff Missionary Lec- day. tures, delivered in Scotland in 1893.

A third great missionary service He and Dr. Gordon had gone through rendered by Dr. Pierson was his part Scotland together after the World in the creation of a new type of mis- -'.fissionary Conference in London in sionary apologetic. He was one of a I888, and had kindled missionary fires little group, of which no one accom- wherever they had gone. In conse- plished more than he, which producel quence, Dr. Pierson was called back a new sort of missionary literature. in 1893 for the Duff Lectures. Dr.

This new type laid as much empha- Andrew Thomson, one of the older sis as the old upon Scripture principles missionary authorities, wrote: and the general grounds of appeal, "The fourth and most recent Duff but it was marked by a tingle, a Lecturer was the Rev. Arthur T. Pier- warmth, a penetration, an imagination son, D.D., of Philadelphia, U. S. A., which were new, and it was filled whose name is pleasantly familiar to

the churches of Christ on both sides that memorable conference. But for of the Atlantic. The title of his lec- a generation Dr. Pierson had been tures, which form the contents of the preaching this idea. At Northfield, I present volume, is 'The New Acts of think, in 1887, he set forth a plan of the Apostles; or, The Marvels of world missionary actiVIty which in- Modern Missions,' and their design volved the united effort of the Church was to compare the Christian Church to compass her whole task, and such a in the nineteenth century with the plan, I believe, was printed as a sup- Church in the first century, especially plement in some editions of The Crisis in their missionary aspects, and to of Missions. To be sure, this was not bring out the features of resemblance a new idea with him. Alexander Duff and of contrast between them. They had cherished it, and no later missionwere addrest in the early months of ary leader was more zealous than 1893, to crowded audiences, not only Carey in planning for the occupation in Edinburgh and Glasgow, but in of the whole world, but it was deemed Aberdeen, Dundee, and St. -Andrew's, novel enough to be scouted by many and some individual lectures were also when Dr. Pierson renewed the prodelivered in other places, as in Ar- posal of an organized, cooperative efbroath. They were as new and fra- fort to occupy and evangelize the grant as the flowers of spring. His whole world. vigor and originality of thought, his extraordinary knowledge of all sub- In his eagerness to make missions jects connected with Christian mis- popular and to win for them the insions, his ingenuity and skill in the terest and support of the Church, he exposition of Scripture, and in extract- did not make the mistake of secularing from familiar texts new and unex- izing the missionary presentation, of pected stores of instruction, his inex- lowering the spiritual quality of the haustible command of anecdotes which missionary motive, of withdrawing the helped to enrich and enliven his ad- Cross. He put the missionary appeal dresses, his power of making external upon the highest spiritual plane, and nature pay tribute to spiritual instruc- no one ever heard him present the tion, as well as the flowing fervor of cause without being made aware of his appeals-made multitudes listen the sacrificial shadow that lay upon it. unwearied for hours in silence." It is interesting to note how free the foreign missionary appeal still is from Dr. Pierson early learned to view secondary and inferior elements. They the missionary task as the task of do creep in, and they have their legitthe whole Church. Much was said in imate place, but while some other Edinburgh and in the preparation for causes have become practically domithe Conference there of the opportu- nated by these considerations, foreign nity which the Conference was to pre- missions remain a spiritual enterprise, sent for the first time to the Church of resting upon spiritual arguments and viewing her undertaking as a whole- cleaving close still to the person and the whole Church facing her whole cross of Christ. It was no small task in the whole world. This concep- achievement of the Spirit of Christ to tion, tho it was only limitedly possible save so ardent an advocate as Dr. at Edinburgh, gave its greatness to Pierson from the perils of overpopu-

TAPPAN

larizing his cause, and of resting it friend, Doctor Pierson, were again in upon motives which have in them the the flesh, I am sure that he would have elements, at least, of self-interest, of a it so, and, indeed, he so exprest himracial or national glory. His cause self in his last days. was Christ's alone, and Christ's name and Christ's cross and Christ's glory One or two things are prominently were the only things to be thought in my mind when I look at the life and about or spoken of in its advocacy. character of Doctor Pierson. I have always been profoundly imprest by his Lastly, we may mention the tirelessness of his toil for missions and '/tt.-.~.Yt~ttf".MV~""- the intensity of his appeal. To him it was a great cause, and as the preser- ~A4-e.x.xXY/ll:;"– vation of the Union, the abolition of slavery, the maintenance of Sta~es' Jk-77~~~/~~4fflu:;…..-t­ rights or political loyalty had set men ~f'o/Mm.-;A–;~~.. ablaze and kept the fires glowing during the Civil War, so the great cam- ;..uw;~~(t.¢,a-dYlI.I'-'fjl·Wnt.k.tH' paign of a world's evangelization influenced him and made him restive and ,feager. It is hard to keep up such intensity in an agelong campaign, but 1i'uAW~~i1~e~~ he held that the age need not be as ~~~~;;~ long as lethargy and disobedience may ~IftHty~ make it, and that now is the appointed time, and not to-morrow. Therefore /P~~-.J~Ur~ he remembered his Lord's words: ~-;r"7~: ~udu, '~~ "We must work the works of Him c4/!.ffl.Vttr-..; ~~~: ki;ffflU-,. that sent us while it is day, before ~1(~1~~ the night cometh, when no man can work." May we also remember them! ~~~: '~JfyItMw, ;£"",.1.–.

As a Bible Student· ~~tm-V:~"-I11L.t; 4'""""

BY REV. JOHN HENRY JOWETT, D.D., tffrf'vl f(~~,~ wtl…ry NEW YORK ~~~lN~~ A close personal friend in England and America A PAGE OF MANUSCRIPT When one of our Lord's choice servants goes home to glory it seems to From Dr. Pierson's last book, "Knowing the me that, to the spirits that look on the Scriptures," written with a crippled hand, scene with other eyes than ours, it is at seventy·three years of age. not a funeral but a wedding. If this be so, then the Lord of the wedding conception of Christ, and he always would designate as the suitable gar- laid hold of me and thrilled me ment, not a robe of mourning but the through and through when he was exgarment of praise. If our beloved pounding Paul. I liked him best when he took up the Epistle to the Ephe- * From an address at the funeral services. Sten- sians, and soared to high places in o~rapher's report, lIot corrected by Dr. Jowett. Christ Jesus. I liked to hear him, when, with all those rare powers of-his marvelous intellect, he delved deep and brought up new treasures of grace. Two years ago, when I was at Northfield, one night I attempted the almost impossible task of speaking of Saint Paul and the Church, and his

Epistle to the Thessalonians. Doctor in His wings. Doctor Pierson would Pierson's own wonderfully exercised proclaim Him as the ransom from sin. powers could take a slight hint from Everyone knows, too, what a pas- another man and use it. I remember sionate delight Doctor Pierson had in the way in which he spoke of the the vVord of God. I have seen young many years he had been trying to men, but never an old man, with such understand more and more the won- a passionate delight in the Word of derful God, Jesus Christ. The one God. He had as much interest and and foremost lesson of Doctor Pier- enthusiasm in searching out new texts son's life was that he could preach a as a young student, just beginning his Christ big enough to save the world. ministry. He would show the same de- He had a tremendous conception of light in finding out some new beauty Christ. The great aim and work of or truth in the Bible as an ardent our lives is the proclaiming of a Christ botanist would show in discovering before whom men shall be bowed in some new flower. We read in the first holy awe and reverence. The editor Psalm: "His leaf also shall not withof a very influential American news- er." If that means anything, it means paper has written me to say that his this: The leaf is a thing of the early whole life has been changed by a con- spring. The leaf is not to witherception of the Lord Jesus Christ. even when the fall comes. Surely our Doctor Pierson's spirit was alway.3 friend kept the leaf of hope, and the bowed in prayer and reverence before leaf of young surprize and enthusiasm our Lord. He had that vast concep- and the youth of an ever-unwithering tion of the Lord Jesus Christ that be- surprize in the promises and, word came the vast conception of the ampli- of his Lord. His knowledge of the tude of the Christian Gospel. Every 'Word of God was always enriched by one will remember the audacity with these new discoveries. He brought which he would proclaim the Gospel. forth fruit in old age. He would stand up, and with holy au- I wonder what his wonderful powdacity and without the flickering of a ers are doing now – those powers single doubt proclaim the efficacy of that have been so much exercised durthe Gospel for every need. He re- ing the past years. N ow, as Paul minded me of John Vlesley in the au- would say, his senses are exercised to dacity with which he would analyze discern. I wonder what new problem a sin or vice, and then, when you felt he is at work upon. I wonder what appalled by the dark horror of it, new glory the Lord has set him to seek would proclaim the Gospel of Christ out, and very reverently would I say as adequate for its removal. I have it, I am sure the Lord will say to him: seen him in England when he had "Vell done. Come hither, I have new bowed a great audience almost to ut- work for you to do." I wonder what ter despair, unveiling sin after sin, it is. I think he is so engaged, and I wickedness after wickedness, loath- am sure he is rejoicing in the newsomeness after loathsomeness in the found opportunities of the wor1cl of human heart, and then would bring in light and unfading glory. We leave the light of the dawn, as the Sun of him in that glory, at the throne of Righteousness would rise with healing grace, in the presence of His Lord.

i"' ………….,..~·….. _ ….. ~,_I,l~"l.~ …. ,. …. ·n

TWO PAGES FROM DR. PIERSON'S INTERLEAVED, WIDE·MARGIN BIBLE The right·hand This is one of a number of Bib1es that Dr. Pierson marked carefully in his daily Bible study. The left·hand page shows the interleaf with notes on 1 Cor. 1: 30 and 1 Cor. 12: 1.

page shows the method of marking the Bible, and marginal notes. It was very unusual, however, to find any ink blot on the page.

TAPPAN

At Northfield and Mount Hermon maturity of spiritual experience and BY WILLIAM R. MOODY a very immature youth.

A personal friend and coworker But when in 1899 the responsibil- The richest heritage for an individ- ities resulting from the passing of the ual or an institution is that of a founder of the work at Nortfield en, true friend. Into such a heritage the tailed duties and demands that were Northfield Schools and Conferences new, the friendship with Doctor Pier, entered upon the passing of the found- son became close, and ripened into an er, D. L. Moody, in the loyal friend- affectionate intimacy. To his wise ship of Dr. Arthur T. Pierson. From counsel on many occasions, as well as the beginning of the Northfield work to his sympathy and prayers, is to be he had been a sympathetic colaborer attributed much of the continued with D. L. Moody, and contributed by blessing upon the conferences and his ministry to the development of the schools.

work. In r886, when the first Stu- Of Doctor Pierson's ministry at the dent Conference was held at Mount conferences, both as Bible teacher, Hermon, Mr. Moody sought the as- spiritual guide and missionary zealot, sistance of Doctor Pierson, to whose thousands can testify. When in 1908 zeal for missionary labor was largely and 1909 he conducted the daily Bible due the interest then awakened in our class at the Auditorium, the attend- colleges in behalf of non-Christian ance was from the first the largest of lands. His far-sighted vision and stir- any day session. Nor was the inter, ring addresses were instrumental in est abated in any degree, but cantin, bringing about the formation of the ued throughout the two weeks of the Student Volunteer movement, which gathering. Nor will those who heard originated at that time. his missionary addresses ever forget For the next thirteen years Doctor the impression made upon them by his Pierson was closely associated with vast fund of missionary history and the leader of the several gatherings anecdote. And when he presented that convene each summer at North- some deep spiritual truth his memory field. To his stirring addresses on of Scripture and power in reasoning behalf of missions, to his enthusiasm never failed.

in Bible study, and to his appeals to But that of which comparatively individuals for deeper spiritual experi- few are familiar was his influence ence, many are to-day attributing a upon the students in the Northfield new view of life and a realization of schools. It might be thought that greater possibilities of Christian serv- with maturity of thought and experi, ice. ence he would have failed to impress But it has only been during the last young people. But such was not the twelve years that the writer can bear case. He possest that which is the personal testimony of what Doctor mark of greatest distinction in either Pierson has been to Northfield. Prior a teacher or preacher-he could inter, to that time his friendship was that of est the young.

a young man to his Father's friend, a To those of us who knew Doctor relationship characterized by a certain Pierson, it has seemed that his lec'

distant respect natural between great tures and informal chapel talks at the

Northfield schools represented his best friends who appreciated and loved work. There was a freedom that was him, it was a rare and priceless pleasborn of a mutual sympathy between ure to be admitted to the intimacies speaker and audience which was less of his home. Exhaustless funds of evident in some of the summer con- humor, repartee, incidents of travel ferences. Especially was this true at and reminiscences of men and things Mount Hermon, where Doctor Pier- were always at his disposal. Like son was loved by a warmth unusual fresh and sparkling fountains, you among boys for one so many years were continually coming on them. But their senior. the main interest was always religion. His favorite themes were always of In speaking of Doctor Pierson's God and the Bible, of some new light sympathy and loyalty it must not be that had illuminated a familiar text, inferred that he was blind to faults of or of some new phase of spiritual exhis associates. His conception of true perience which had been unfolded to friendship was far too high for that. him. Never a word of unkind and While he was straightforward in criti- malicious criticism; never a sentence cism and even reproof, it was ad- unworthy of the high dignity of an drest to the individual whom he felt ambassador of Christ. If there was was wrong, and did not become a sub- lightning, it was summer lightning, ject of gossip. This was a trait of and harmless. character which made for him friends among true and earnest men. He was Whether he had visited London bea faithful and loyal friend in every fore 1888 I am not sure, but in that respect. year his striking personality and mar- velous knowledge of the missionary In coming years Doctor Pierson's problems first arrested the attention presence will be missed at Northfield. and compelled the admiration of Brit- Without the helpfulness of his counsel ish Christians. From that time his and the inspiration of his ministry the position was secured, and he held it conferences and schools will be the with the growing loyalty and love of poorer. But the memory of what h~ all to the end. It was felt that of the was will be an inspiration to all who new missionary movement which was were privileged to know him and en- initiated, here was a worthy exponent joy his fellowship. and apostle. From all sides appeals were made for him to visit large cen- Ministry in Great Britain ters of population, or to give address- es and sermons in connection with all BY REV. F. B. MEYER. LONDON. sects and denominations. Questions Long a friend and coworker were not asked as to which branch of the Church he belonged; it was uni- My friendship with Doctor Pierson versally realized that he could not be began with my earliest association with classed and labeled as most men are. the Northfield Conferences in 1887. Here was a man sent from God! His deep spirituality. profound knowledge of Scripture, and enthusiasm for He did not remain in England, howmissionary enterprise were extraor- ever, at that time, as he had accepted dinarily attractive. and bound me to the honorable position of Duff Lechil11 'jth hands of .;teel. Vhen he I a- ~n good f'hy~ical health and amid

TAPPAN

turer for 1889, and was anxious to wealth for preachers and speakers on spend the previous months in prepar- missionary themes. Several months ing his material. One of the secrets were spent at that time in itinerating of his life was his method in classify- Great Britain. It was my pleasant lot ing the results and accumulations of to arrange a very extended program his careful studies. I heard him de- of visitation, which he fulfilled with liver a masterly lecture on this subject marked power and blessing. Everyto the students of Mr. Spurgeon's Col- where great audiences gathered, and THE METROPOLITAN TABERNACLE, LONDON Here Dr. Pierson was acting pastor during the illness and after the death of Rev. Charles Haddon Spurgeon, 1891·1893 lege, and tho it was not possible for his work among the ministers, at speeveryone to adopt his methods, it was cial meetings convened for them, was impossible not to realize how much his phenomenal. I have notes of his adfull and enriching speech owed to that dresses by me still, which indicated the lifelong habit of storing and arrange- deep spirituality and Scriptural inment. His house in Brooklyn was sight of his teaching at this time. Still crowded with books and manuscripts, in England one comes across individubut at any moment he could lay his als who confess their lifelong indebthand on the illustration or incident edness to the impressiom received durhe required. ing that tour. His work in Ireland and Wales was specially fruitful. Those lectures, which by request were delivered more than once, still During these years Mr. Spurgeon's further increased his fame. In their health was beginning to break, and as published form they had a wide cir- it became increasingly clear that he culation, and presented new mines of must take a prolonged rest, if he were

ever to resume his ministry, many day. I should imagine that at no time minds were turned to Doctor Pierson of his life was he more happy and sucas being preeminently qualified to fill cessful than at that season, except for the gap. Finally the summons came the growing sadness because of the to him, and at Mr. Spurgeon's per- tidings from Mentone. sonal request he came again to London, in October of 1891, to take the Throughout those dark and sad days temporary oversight of the Metropoli- Doctor Pierson was unremitting in ad- ministering consolation to the sorrow- stricken people, and when at last the sun set beneath the western wave, he stood out in all the tenderness of his heart's sympathy, as comforter and helper. His two sermons on the life and work of the departed pastor were as eloquent as they were discriminat- ing and appreciative, and he took part in the last great service of the day of interment. For some months after- ward he continued to fill the Taber- nacle pulpit.

Engagements at Northfield, United States of America, and elsewhere com- pelled him to return to his own coun- try in the summer of 1902, on the CHRIST CHURCH1 WESTMINSTER "BRIDGE ROADI LONDON understanaing that he would return to take up again his ministry at the Tab- Where Dr. Pierson was acting pastor in 1902·3 ernacle. This he did, and for a second , and 1907·8, during the absence of the period fulfilled the demands of that pastor, Rev. F. B. Meyer tan Tabernacle. From the outset his responsible position with conspicuous ministry there was a remarkable suc- ability.

cess. Sunday after Sunday the huge Later he most kindly and efficiently building was crowded morning and occupied the pulpit at Christ Church evening. His sermons commanded the for the five months of my mission to admiration of the highest intellects, India. He awakened the extraordi- while they were appreciated by the nary love and admiration of my peo- ordinary folk. They were used of ple. During that time large congre- God in building up believers and con- gations were maintained, and the great verting the unsaved and undecided. machinery of the church activities At that time I was minister at Christ gave evidence of quickened impulse.

Church, in the same part of London, At the meetings of the officers he pre- and we used to spend a good deal of sided with eminent tact and grace, and time together, especially on Monday the Monday Evening Prayer Meeting mornings, in which he used to recite was invested with new attractiveness.

with extraordinary interest the ser- Doctor Pierson was not only remark- mons and experiences of the preceding ably gifted as a preacher, he was also

TAPPAN

conspicuously fitted to exercise the grams and models, as well as by his pastoral office. words, he endeavored to convey his thoughts to his hearers. His great During these years he became in- stores of Biblical study and acquisicreasingly trusted and beloved of all tion were opened and their treasures sections of the Church of Christ in Great Britain, and was an habitual A t( GOOD STORY" speaker at the well-known interdenominational gatherings at Mildmay A snapshot of Dr. Pierson and a friend at the and Keswick. Several of his ad- laying of the corner·stone of the Spurgeon Pas· dresses on these occasions reached the tor's College in London. A picture showing Dr. high-water mark of sacred eloquence. Pierson's humor, and appreciaHon of -3 good story. One address, given at Mildmay, on the "Sterner Aspects of the Divine lavishly distributed. The silence was Nature and the Judgment Seat of only broken by the scribbling of pen- God," deserves to be preserved as a cils and pens and the rustle of the classic on that solemn theme. turned leaves of Bibles and note-books. These courses were specially valuable For several years he was one of the in view of recent attacks on the Bible. most popular speakers on the Keswick Doctor Pierson was an evangelical platform. He was trusted on more conservative, and had good reasons to than one occasion with the series of give for the truth that was in him. connected Bible-readings given on the And if the Bible is more than ever successive mornings of the conference strongly entrenched in the reverence in one of the tents, and always the of Sunday-school teachers, Christian vast tent would be crowded with hear- Endeavorers, ministers and lay workers, while a rim of three or four deep ers, in London and Great Britain, a would stand around in the outer circle. large proportion of so desirable a re- His addresses at the ministers' meet- sult must be attributed to the intelings, his sermons before and after the lectual equipment, the eloquent speedf' ~ conference, his personal charm and in- and the devoted heart of that rem:1rk,i,) fluence, constituted very real assets to able servant of God. the conference. It was hoped that he would be present there at the forthcoming meeting, when these notes will be issuing from the press.

For many, perhaps the most outstanding features of Doctor Pierson's work in Great Britain will always be those three series of Exeter Hall Bible Lectures. They were carried through under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian AssociaPion, and were eminently successful. The great hall was crowded week after week to its utmost capacity with the elite of the Christian youth of the metropolis. By carefully drawn dia-

The Word of God lest I should build upon another man's BY REV. JOHN F. CARSON, D.D. foundation. "

Scripture passages selected and read at the funeral "Let not your heart be troubled: ye services by a long time friend and believe in God, believe also in me. In associate "The law of the Lord is perfect, my Father's house are many manconverting the soul: the testimony of sions: if it were not so, I would have the Lord is sure, maki-ng wise the told you. I go to prepare a place for simple. The statutes of the Lord are you. And if I go and prepare a place right, rejoicing the heart: the com- for you, I will come again, and receive mandment of the Lord is pure, en- you unto myself; that where I am, lightening the eyes. The fear of the there ye may be also: and whither I Lord is clean, enduring forever: the go ye know, and the way ye know."

judgments of the Lord are true and "Vhat shall we then say to these righteous altogether. More to be de- things? If God be for us, who can be sired are they than gold-yea, than against us. He that spared not His much fine gold: sweeter also than own Son, but delivered Him up for honey and the honeycomb. Moreover, us all, how shall He not with Him by them is thy servant warned: and also freely give us all things? Who in keeping of them there is great re- shall lay anything to the charge of ward." God's elect? It is God that j ustifieth.

"With my lips have I declared all Who is he that condemneth? It is the judgments of thy mouth. I have Christ that died, yea rather, that is rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies, risen again, who is even at the right as much as in all riches. Open thou hand of God, who maketh interces- mine eyes, that I may behold won- sion for us. Who shall separate us drous things out of thy law. Thy from the love of Christ? Shall tribu- testimonies also are my delight and my lation, or distress, or persecution, or counsellors." famine, or nakedness, or peril, or "For I am not ashamed of the gos- sword? Nay, in all these things we pel of Christ: for it is the power of are more than conquerors through God unto salvation to everyone that Him that loved us. For I am per- believeth: to the Jew first, and also to suaded, that neither death, nor life, the Greek. But God forbid that I nor angels, nor principalities, nor should glory, save in the cross of our powers, nor things present, nor things Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world to come, nor height, nor depth, nor is crucified unto me, and I unto the any other creature, shall be able to world. That I should be the minister separate us from the love of God, of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, min- which is in Christ Jesus, our Lord."

istering the Gospel of God, that the "There is one glory of the sun, and offering up of the Gentiles might be another glory of the moon, and an- acceptable, being sanctified by the other glory of the stars; for one star Holy Ghost. I have, therefore, where- differeth from another star in glory.

of I may glory through Jesus Christ So also is the resurrection of the in those things which pertain to God. dead. It is sown in corruption; it is Yea, so have I strived to preach the raised in incorruption; it is sown in gospel, not where Christ was named, dishonor, it is raised in glory; it is

TAPPAN PIERSON 59

sown in weakness, it is raised in yielded her fruit every month; and the power; it is sown a natural body, it is leaves of the tree were for the healing raised a spiritual body. For this cor- of the nations. And there shall be no ruptible must put on incorruption, and more curse: but the throne of God this mortal must put on immprtality. and of the Lamb shall be in it; allJ So when this corruptible shall have His servants shall serve Him; and put on incorruption, and this mortal they shall see His face; and His shall have put on immortality, then name shaH be in their foreheads. And shall be brought to pass the saying there shall be no night there; and that is written, Death is swallowed up they need no candle; neither light of in victory. 0, death, where is thy the sun, for the Lord God giveth them sting? 0, grave, where is thy victory? light; and He shall reign for ever.' "

The sting of death is sin; and the This is the message to us to-day: strength of sin is the law. But thanks "Ye know, from the first day that be to God, which giveth us the victory I came unto you, after what manner through our Lord Jesus Christ. I have been with you at all seasons, Therefore, my beloved brethren, be ye serving the Lord with all humility of stedfast, unmovable, always abound- mind, and with many tears and tempta- ing in the work of the Lord, foras- tions. But none of these things moved much as ye know that your labor is me, neither count I my life dear unto not in vain in the Lord." myself, so that I might finish my "And I saw a new heaven and a course with joy, and the ministry new earth; for the first heaven and which I received of the Lord Jesus, the first earth were passed away; and to testify the gospel of the grace of there was no more sea. And I, John, God. And now, behold! I know that saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, com- ye all, among whom I have gone ing down from God out of heaven, preaching the kingdom of God, shall prepared as a bride adorned for her see my face no more. Therefore, I husband. And I heard a great voice take you to record this day, that I out of heaven saying, 'Behold, the tab- hav not shunned to declare unto you ernacle of God is with men, and He all the counsel of God. Take heed, will dwell with them, and they shall therefore, unto yourselves, and to all be His people, and God Himself shall the fiock over which the Holy Ghost be with them, and be their God. And hath made you overseers, to feed the God shall wipe away all tears from church of God, which He hath pur- their eyes; and there shall be no more chased with His own blood. And now, death, neither sorrow, nor crying; brethren, I commend you to God, and neither shall there be any more pain; to the word of His grace, which is for the former things are passed away. able to build you up, and to give you And He showed me a pure river of an inheritance among all them who water of life, clear as crystal, pro- are sanctified. I have fought a good ceeding out of the throne of God and fight; I have finished my course; I of the Lamb. In the midst of the have kept the faith. Henceforth there street of it, and on either side of the is laid up for me a crown of right· river, was there the tree of life, which eousness, and not for me only, but for bare twelve manner of fruits, and all them also who love His appearing."

OF UNITED

MARCH 27, 1861, TO MARCH 27, 1911.

BY FRANCESCO ROSTAN, GENOA On the 27th of March, 1861, Count Turin, inaugurated personally by the Camillo Cavour, the well-known prime King, on the 29th of April, kept burnminister of King Victor Emanuel II. ing the sacred fire of patriotism, and and author of the formula "A Free was ever ready to receive the Italians Church in a Free State," proclaimed who were exiled by the petty rulers of Rome the capital of United Italy, the different states in which Italy was rousing a storm of applause from the then divided; another exhibition was members of the Subalpine Parliament opened in Florence, which, after Tuconvelled in Turin. It was a daring rin, was for several years the seat of act of faith, because the Eternal City the government; and one in Rome. was still in the power of the Pope, and Foreign nations have sent and are as Pius IX was unable to maintain sending numerous deputations to conorder in his states, Rome was garri- gratulate the Italian people. The first soned by French troops kept there by to come was the King of Bulgaria; Napoleon III. then came the Crown Prince of Ger- many, and then the King of Sweden. It was not until the 20th of Septem- The Duke·of Connaught was Great ber, of the year 1870, that the Italian Britain's envoy, and other deputations soldiers stormed Porta Pia, and came from Austria, France, Spain, through the breach, took possession of and Portugal. the city, and finally Rome, last, not least, was united to the Italian king- It would be an easy matter to show dom. that the loss of the temporal power has been a great boon for the Pope. His In order to commemorate the ju- government was a disgrace. Lord Palbilee of Italy as a nation, three exhibi- merston, being invited to take an intions have been set on foot: one in terest in the Kingdom of Naples, and an expenditure of 926,000,000. which was in danger of being over- Deficit, 480,000,000. And, let it be thrown by the revolution, as, in fact, said, that till the year 1870 things did it was, replied: "I don't take an in- not mend very much. From 1870 to terest in that kingdom, because that 1875 the Italian nation is advancing government, 'With the exception of the gradually, when, in 1875, the deficit government of the Pope, is the worst disappears, and in r88r, there are 53,- of Europe. It is, however, more pro- 000,000 on the right side of the ledlitable to write about the great prog- ger. This happy period was of short ress made by Italy during the last duration, and in the year 1889 there is fifty years. Let us apply the gospel the enormous deficit of 235,000,000. rule, and judge of the tree from its The lesson was hard, but it was not fruits; if the fruits are abundant and lost. It taught our people to moderate of excellent quality, it means that the the expenses, and from that year to tree is good, and that Italy was justi- the present day, not only has Italy not fied in going to Rome. Let me set increased her public debt, but we have forth the progress made in three di- yearly a surplus of over 70,000,000 rections: the economical, the educa- francs. England and Italy are the only tional, and the religious point of view. European nations without a deficit.

I. The progress made by Italy from In 1861, we had only I,714 miles an economical point of view during of railways; we have to-day 8,600 fifty years. All the figures are given miles, without counting the tram lines in francs, or lire, worth 20 cents. which run throughout the country. In 1866 our postal department had a The first unified budget is the bud- revenue of 3,500,000; in 1910 its revget of 1862, and it was called by one enue is 103,000,000, to which must be of our economists a terrible budget. added 32,000,000 from the telegraph Italy had an income of 446,000,000,

and the telephone. In 1861 we had schools. Up to two years ago the only [88.000,000 in our savings-banks. teachers in all our elementary schools were expected to teach the catechism On the 30th of June, 1910, between of the Church of Rome to all the chilthe deposits of the savings-banks and dren whose parents exprest that wish. of the post-office, we have in round Such was the theory; as a matter of numbers, 4,000,000,000. That im- fact, religious instruction was given to mense sum has been deposited by 7,- every child whose parents did not say 500,000 Italians; that means that one- anything to the contrary. fourth of the Italian population has set something apart for a rainy day. N ow the matter has been, leit to the decision of the municipal author- II. The progress made by Italy dur- ity. If the councilors are conservaing fifty years, from an educational tive, religious instruction is given to point of view. the children; if they are Socialists, no catechism is taught. We hope that In 1862, 15,000,000 were spent in the time will soon come when religious public instruction; now 102,000,000, instruction will not be imparted in our and we would spend more, if we were public schools. The priest, for the not always obliged to increase our ex- Church of Rome, the pastor, for the penses for the army and the navy. Protestant churches, the rabbi for the Much against our will, we must fol- Jews, are the proper persons to deal low the bad example set by the great with such delicate matters, not the European powers. teachers, who, so far as Italy is con- cerned, and generally speaking, are In 1861 there were 72 men and 84 unbelievers, and have never learned, women for every 100 inhabitants who when at college, what they are excould not read and write. Accord- pected to teach. This leads me by ing to the census of 190[, the men un- natural transition to speak about the able to read and write were only 52 third point. per cent., and the women 60 per cent., and we feel sure that the census which III. The progress made by Italy was taken on the 11th of June, 1911, during fifty years from a religious will show that illiteracy is decreasing point of view. year after year, and greater progress will be made when the elementary The progress has been great, and schools will be taken up by the state; fills our hearts with thankfulness. In instead of being managed by the mu- 1861 the Waldenses had only been in nicipalities, often without the means possession of religious toleration ;for to pay the meager stipend of the a period of twelve years. The Edict teachers. of . Emancipation granted by King Carlo Alberto bears the date of Feb- From what has been said, it is clear ruary 17, 1848. The first article runs that there is still room for improve- as follows: "The Roman Catholic ment, and Roman Catholic Italy is far Apostolic Church is the Church of the from occupying to-day the position State; other churches are to be tolerof the Protestant countries. It may ated." interest the readers of THE MISSION- ARY REVIEW to know how matters The Waldenses, let it be said h) their stand in Italy concerning the problem praise, undertook at once the tremenof religious instruction in the public

OF UNITED ITALY

THE NATIONAL MONUMENT TO VITTORIO EMANUELE II, ROME dous task of evangelizing Italy; but obliged to leave Genoa, because found small in numbers and without ade- distributing the Bible; his friend, Dr. quate means, the cities and villages Mazzinghi, was condemned to three occupied by the gospel heralds were years of prison for the same offense; few and confined to the north, in Pied- in Barletta, a minister was burned at . mont and in Ligury. The report of the stake. 1861 gives the names of seven preaching stations, namely, Turin, Alexan- In 191 I, what a change! The greatdria, Genoa, Nice, etc. The theologi- est religious liberty prevails throughcal seminary is still in Torre Pellice. out the breadth and length of the land. The name of Milan does not appear as Those who sin against it are, as a yet; Venice belongs still to Austria, rule, duly punished. King Victor Rome to the Pope. Waldenses are Emmanuel III, speaking from the tolerated, but toleration does not go Campidoglio, on the 27th of March, far with the Church of Rome. The said: "With Rome as her capital, late Professor Geymonat has been sent Italy represents the peaceful coexistto jail, and afterward expelled from ence of the churches with the state, Florence, because found reading to a and guarantees a full and fruitful few friends the fourteenth chapter of liberty to religion and to science. Mark St. John. Cavour himself is angry be- the plural, not the church, but the cause a colporteur has sold a New churches; note the word liberty, not Testament in San Remo. With great toleration. difficulties the '-IValdenses have obtained permission to construct the To-day, churches and preaching stabeautiful Temple of Turin, inaugu- tions are found everywhere in the rated on the 15th of December, 1853. Italian Peninsula and in the island of Packenham, an English admiral, was Sicily. There are several churches in Milan, Venice, Genoa, Florence, Rome, Naples, etc. Let me cull the

statistics from the report of the Com- and evangelists; but who, for various mittee of Evangelization of the Waldensian Church for 19IO: Pastors, reasons, do not formally unite with 48; evangelists, 15; teachers-evangelists, 8; school-teachers, 50; colporteur them. When we think of the enorevangelists, 8; colporteur and deposi- mous difficulties with which the evan- THE WALDEN SIAN CHURCH IN ROME gelical cfrhoumrchReosmhiasvhefahnaadtictoismcoonntetnhd~ tarians, 5; churches and stations, 120; arising communicants, 6,692; contributions, $29,872; admissions, 617; day schol- one hand, and materialism and irrears, 2,0.31; Sunday scholars, 3,621; night scholars, 364. In the district of ligion on the other, we can not but re- Sicily and Egypt there are 1 I regularly organized churches and 25 sta- gard as marvelous the progress which tions. The communicants number I,II2, and the day and Sunday schol- has been made among the warmars, 2,327. The church of Messina had 162 members, till the disastrous hearted Italians. The Waldensian earthquake of 1908 overwhelmed about three-fourths of them. Its evan- Church is not the only one which is gelical adherents were about 400. doing mission work in the Peninsula. All over Italy, connected with the churches and the stations, there is a Without mentioning several indepencertain number of persons whose entire sympathies are with the pastors dent agencies worthy of esteem, there are many branches of foreign churches at work in Italy. The writer of this article is not ready to say-and per- haps the article is too long already for American readers, who are always on the point of catching a train- what is the numerical strength of the sister churches. Let me, at least, men- tion them. There is the Methodist Episcopal Church from the United States of America, which has a strong position in Rome; the American and the English branches of the Baptist Church; in the North of Italy there is a sprinkling of Plymouth Brethren.

The Salvation Army has also made its appearance on the Italian shores. The work of the Salvationists is more dif- ficult in Italy than in Protestant coun- tries, because Romanists are not used to some of their ways, which seem strange; notwithstanding, they have done good, and in Milan they have a refuge called Villa Speranza, for fall- en women. We must not forget the work done by two societies-the Bible Society of Scotland, which, beside the Scriptures, allows its agents to circu- late other books; and the British and Foreign Bible Society. As many as 91,329 copies of the Scriptures, com-

THE RELIGIOUS RENAISSANCE IN ITALY

plete or in parts, have been circulated politicians, as Cavour; to our thinkers, by the British and Foreign Bible So- as Mazzini; to our martyrs, who shed ciety throughout Italy during 1910; their blood for the freedom of our an increase of 14,814 copies on the land. The years are not far behind preceding year. In North, Central, us, when visitors, arriving in Papal and South Italy, and in Sicily and Rome, had to give up their Bibles and Sardinia, an average of 25 colporteurs liberal newspapers. Bible depots in have been employed in constant itine- the Eternal City were a dream; culration, offering to the Italians the tured foreigners had to worship with- Word of Life. The society's depot in out the walls; the penalty for distribu- Rome is not far from the Waldensian tion of Italian Scriptures was fine Or Church in Via Nazionale, and is op- imprisonment. The Italians need the posite the national monument of Vic- Gospel, as the air they breathe. They tor Emmanuel II, about to be unveiled are crowding the cities of the United in this year of jubilee. We forget, States, and may be a power for good perhaps, what we owe, under God, to or for evil. The gospel alone, but the our kings, as Victor Emmanuel II; gospel in its purity, will regenerate the to our generals, as Garibaldi; to our Italian people.

THE RELIGIOUS RENAISSANCE IN ITALY BY MINNIE J. REYNOLDS It is generally conceded that no called Valdese, which supports its own home mission work among aliens is church and pastor. so successful and promising as that among the Italian immigrants. Amer- On the other hand, it is a curious icans generally do not understand how fact that the mere existence of Amerimuch of this is due to the existence ca is increasing the duties of the Walof the ancient, historic Waldensian densian Church in Italy faster than it Church in Italy. can find means to perform them. Ital- ians who have come under the influ- There are to-day 220 Italian Prot- ence of Protestant missions in this estant churches in the United States. country return to their native towns, In over 100 of them the first nucleus carrying with them American ideas as was a group of Italians who had been well as American dollars. These peo- Waldensians in Italy. Dr. Clot, who ple are continually getting together a was a Waldensian pastor for ten yeats little nucleus of evangelical converts in Palermo, found in America more and sending to the Waldensian church than one hundred former members of to come and organize a church and his church, twenty-five of them in place a pastor over them. This impe- Rochester, where he settled and organ- tus from without pushes the work ized a Waldensian church. The pas- faster than the Waldensians in Italy tor of the Italian Methodist Church in can support it. Boston was a member of Dr. Clot's old church in Palermo. In, South When the Bishop of Rome began to Carolina there is a Waldensian colony, assume that authority over the rest of the primitive churches which devel-

oped into the Papacy, certain little To understand why this is so one congregations in the north refused to must comprehend the religious situa- recognize that authority. Pretty sys- tion to-day in Italy. For long years tematically through the centuries, tho after the present government was es- at some periods more violently than at tablished interest in religion of any others, they were persecuted. Some form was dead in Italy. Not a review, fifty popes endeavored to subdue or not a periodical of any description, exterminate them. Crusades were ever published an article on any relig- preached against them and infants ious or church matter. Not a news- borne on the pikes of soldiers, and the paper referred to the subject, unless various other endearing features of compeIled to chronicle news matter.

medieval crusades enlivened their his- Discussion of such matters was never tory. It is one of the curiosities of heard; the whole subject was utterly history that they survived at all. But a ignored by the educated classes.

few always persisted, huddled among One reason for this was that the the Cottian Alps of Savoy. After the ablest minds in the country were ab- Reformation was established, Luther sorbed in the great, practical problems sent envoys to examine this tiny, an- connected with the founding of a new cient, primitive church. He found it government: the establishing of new practically an evangelical Protestant educational, industrial and political church, with a polity resembling that systems, the creation of a new country.

of the Presbyterian organization. This Next, the Papacy refused to recognize was the Valdensian Church, familiar the new government. This put Ital- to all Italians as the "Valdesi." Tra- ians in an extremely embarrassing and dition has it that it had its origin, as delicate position. They took their re- well as its growth, in persecution; ligion from the Vatican, their govern- that the Valdesi were originally a ment from the Quirinal. Italians met group of Christians of Rome, who fled the situation by ignoring it. Third, northward to escape the persecutions the medieval character of the Papacy of the Roman emperors. itself, which became increasingly ap- Even when crusades against them parent as education spread in the ceased, the day of the Valdesi had not country. The present writer has seen, yet come. In 1848 this Church, as old within three years, poor idiots and in- as the Church of Rome, had only fif- sane persons beaten with sticks before teen parishes in the world, all in Sa- a certain statue of the Madonna in a voy. To-day its churches are scat- Sicilian city to make them utter a cer- tered through the length and breadth tcrin formula, which, it was believed, of Italy, and in Egypt and Malta, Ar- would restore them to their senses. In gentina and the United States. It has the same city not long before a num- in Italy important schools, colleges, ber of sailors, in fulfilment of a vow and other institutions. And yet its made while in peril at sea, entered a growth has only just begun. For long church at the front door on their years after toleration was proclaimed hands and knees, and proceeded in in Italy it grew but slowly. To-day it that manner around the church, at is advancing by leaps and bounds. each step stooping and licking the floor The day of the Valdesi has come. with their tongues.

RELIGIOUS RENAISSANCE IN ITALY

It is not necessary to go into any al- self. Many of these men went with leged venality of the Roman Church him. The effect was more sensational or corruption of the priesthood. Fea- in Italy than it would have been in tures like those described, of which America had Robert Ingersoll retractpractical religion in Italy is full, were ed and accepted revealed religion. enough to disgust intelligent Italians. And yet, where were they to turn? Another influence has been that of Italy was the eldest child of the Arturo Graf, professor in the Univer- Church, the seat through all the cen- sity of Turin, and a writer of extreme turies of that Papacy which in its time popularity among the educated classes. gave law to Europe, and still controls He began to write constantly and very the consciences of a large portion of strongly on the necessity of some rethe civilized inhabitants of the world. ligion, on the belief that no nation They could not conceive belonging to could reach its full height, or even enany other Church. They simply ig- dure, without some faith; on the dannored the whole subject of religion, ger that intellectual Italy was cutting never spoke of it, never wrote of it, loose from all religious moorings whatwhile educated men lapsed silently into ever. His writings had great influ- French atheism. ence in calling the attention of intel- lectual and patriotic Italians to the Within a very few years all this is subject. changed. To-day one can scarcely pick up a scholarly review in Italy An event which broke through the without finding a long article on wall of icy silence and threw the some religious or ecclesiastical subject. whole subject into a furore of discus- The topic is on every lip and pen. sion was when Romolo Murri took his Italy is in the midst of a vast religious seat in Parliament wearing his priest's awakening, a great religious renais- robe. Since the foundation of the sance. Italy has had a renaissance Government the Pope had forbidden twice before-of art and culture in the faithful Catholics to vote or particisixteenth century, of liberty in the pate in national politics. When a priest nineteenth. Now it is of religion. defied the Vatican, was elected to Par- liament, and actually took his seat One reason for this new phase was wearing his priestly garb, the excite- Lombroso. This great scientist, whose ment was intense. Hundreds of colname has acquired international fame, urns were printed about it in the newswas a confirmed materialist, a posi- papers, with abundant illustrations. tivist. Through his researches into The whole subject of the Vatican's atpsychic phenomena he became con- titude was thrashed out in print and vinced that there is a realm in which speech. spiritual entities act independently of the body. He thereupon retracted his But perhaps the greatest influence former position, acknowledged the ex- in forcing the discussion of religious istence of a spirit world, and as a log- matters has been the growing power ical corollary the possibility of a life of the Socialist party, which first apafter death. He had a great follow- peared in Italy twenty years ago. To ing in Italy, including many scientists understand present-day conditions in as well known there as Lombroso him- Italy, American readers will have to approach the subject of socialism with

a perfectly open mind. Whatever so- CAsino (The Ass), published at cialism may be in the United States, Rome. The Ass, of course is the comin Italy it stands for eactly those mon people, who do not know enough things which we mean when we say to get their rights. L'A sino, which "Reform," "Progress," "Constructive now has a New York edition, fights civilization," and so on. In no way all religion and all churches, savagely, can I make this so plain to church peo- virulently, wittily, with a wealth of inple as to say that Italy, with her 1,900 formation and caricature. The intelliyears of Christianity, never had a Sun- gent young working man in Italy genday-dosing law until the Socialists erally has a copy of L'Asino stuffed in secured it in Parliament. his pocket. Combined with the serv- ices of the Socialist party to the plain The natural result was that the people, with the drift of educated men plain people began to say, "What! In toward French atheism, and the silent 1,900 years the Church could never indifference to all religion which has get us a weekly day of rest, and the prevailed so long in Italy, this gave Socialists, whom we first heard of room enough for Professor Graf's twenty years ago, have got it already!,' fear that Italy was going to lose all re- There never was a law against child ligion and become a churchless race, labor in Italy until the Socialists got with only a mass of degrading superit; never a law for the protection of stition among the illiterate masses at women in industry, for the compensa- the bottom. tion of working men injured while at work. These and other beneficent It is is these things which have measures for the common people have produced the religious renaissance been secured by the Socialists, and the which is now boiling in Italy. The result is that the intelligent young extent to which this awakening has working men have been swept by thou- penetrated into the Roman Church itsands into the Socialist party. Every- self can scarcely be comprehended by body who works for human rights, Americans; and since this is a theme human freedom and opportunity in which no secular magazine or news- Italy is called a Socialist, and usually paper in the United States will touch, he is one. there can be no more fitting place for it than a church periodical. The unfortunate thing about this, from the churchman's standpoint, is Romolo Murri, previously referred that the Socialist party in Italy viru- to, is a case in point. He was a very lently assails all religion. It is not intelligent and consecrated young strange. It knows no religion but the priest. Perceiving the good accom- Roman Church, and it knows this as plished for the people by the Socialist consistently and permanently on the party, he yearned to take the Church side of the dasses against the masses into this great movement, instead of -the policeman who is to keep the leaving the latter to the forces of irmasses in order for the benefit of those religion. He began to organize Cathowho exploit them. 'Vhenever the peo- lic Socialist leagues in the Church. ple get this thoroughly into their heads Ordered to desist by the Vatican, he about any church, that church is in hesitated a little, then went on with his dang-er. The Italian Socialist organ is organization. Suspended from orders,

RELIGIOUS RENAISSANCE IN ITALY 60r

he founded a paper of his own, was and compare and exercise their private elected to Parliament, and took his judgment like the Protestant clergy. seat with the extreme radical wing, Suddenly Modernism swept upon them clad in his priestly vestments. like a flood. The men of the Left were carried away by it. They reject The exodus of priests from the Ro- all revealed religion and the historical man Church is now continuous, tho Christ. They believe in nothing. small. The priests who leave it have no trade, no profession. It commonly But these men are perfectly content causes a break between them and every to retain their places in the great friend they have in the world. Some scheme of Roman organization, to say of these priests are to-day chauffeurs, mass and endorse the adoration of waiters, cab-drivers. The former chap- relics of whose falsity they are conlain of the hospital of Santo Spirito, vinced. In the Left it is a renaissance in Rome,· is to-day a chauffeur in that of intellect, but not of conscience. city. Another is breaking stones in They scoff at dogma, but retain the the streets of Genoa. So strangely system. does that power work through the centuries which compels men to "come The Right is made up of those who out," to leave ease and dignity for hold to the old dogma, the old prachardship and contempt, when their tises in everything; who are content higher nature is no longer satisfied and zealous Romanists, and see no with the life they are leading. need for change.

One must know the revolutionary The Center is made up of devout state of affairs existing in the Roman and earnest Catholics, who desire wide Church to understand this "coming and sweeping reforms in the Roman out." Not long ago a petition signed Church. They perceive that the by 25,00 Italian priests was presented Church of the twentieth century can to the Vatican, asking that priests be not retain the theory and practise of permitted to marry. That such a peti- the twelfth. Bishops Buonomeli of tion could be even thought of shows Cremona, and Scalabrini of Piacenza, the turbulent condition in the Church were leaders in this movement among itself. The Roman Church is to-day the high clergy. They were ordered divided into three parties, which are by the Pope to recant, and did so from called by the time-honored European the pUlpits in which they had preached terms to designate three parties: The reform. Fogazzaro, author of "The Left for the radicals, the Right for the Saint," is a leader of the laity in this conservatives, the Center for the Mod- movement, and there is a group of erates. intellectual young men of the nobility. Count Scotti, Marquis Alfieri, Count The Left in the Roman Church in Ce!ezia, Marquis Saragna and others, I taly to-day is composed of men who who are very earnest in this matter. have gone the extreme length of the higher criticism of the most extreme Reform is a word heard so often in German school. The higher criticism America that it almost loses its sigcame upon the Roman clergy sudden- nificance. We apply it to everything, ly. They have accepted dogma un- from spelling to trust regulation. It questioningly, unaccustomed to weigh is difficult for us to understand the life-and-death importance which de-

vout and intelligent Romanists in Italy ums were published in all the papers, attach to reform in the Church which discussing the matter with a plainness they reverence as the great, historic of speech incredible to one not famil- Church of the world. Such men real- iar with the press of Latin countries.

ize that a church which still permits One can not know Italian and Italy its devotees to lick the floor in pay- without hearing these shocking things ment of vows; which gathers great continually.

crowds to see the blood of a dead saint In September, I908, Pius X, speak- boil in public; which permits the ado- ing to the Venetian pilgrims visiting ration of relics which any intelligent him, discouraged the reading of "even person must consider spurious, can not Roman Catholic books and news- long stand the white light of the papers." "The less you read the bet- twentieth century. The twentieth cen- ter it will be for you," said he. This tury is questioning everything-the in one sentence expresses the attitude Bible, the Church, the school, the gov- of the Vatican. The Vatican meets ernment, even the home. There is the inrushing tide of modern thought not an institution so ancient or so by instructions not to read. The Ro- sacred that it is not obliged to make man Church "stands pat." It stands good its claims to the respect of the pat for a twelfth-century Christianity twentieth century. I have heard a in the twentieth century. Every man Sicilian engineer, choking with laugh- who desires reform is denounced as a ter, tell how his captain prayed fer- modernist or atheist. Monks are de- vently to a wooden image in a storm graded from the higher offices and set at sea, and when the storm continued, to scrubbing the monastery floors; seized the image and flung it into the priests find every avenue of prefer- sea, with the remark, "Since you are ment closed to them. And because of so found of water, go there and get a- this attitude, because the movement plenty." When even the skilled work- for reform is just as ineffectual as it ing men are jeering at "religion," and was in the days of Savonarola or Vit- subscribing to L'A sino, devout Italian toria Colonna, this slender stream of Romanists realize that the Church is priests is silently dropping out of the in deadly peril. "Center" day by day, and betaking it- This from the intellectual side. On self to the seats of chauffeurs or cab- the moral, one incident will suffice. drivers, or even the stones of the In 1907, while the present writer was street.

living in Italy, accounts were pub- When they drop out, if they still lished in all the Italian dailies of a want a church, they turn to the Wal- convent school in Milan attended by densians. It is their natural refuge.

young girls ranging down to ten years The Protestants sects are as foreign . and younger. When these little girls to Italians as the Waldensian Church went home for the vacation the par- is to us. Moreover, to the Italian ents of some of them found that they mind, trained in the shadow of the were afflicted with a disease which oldest and hugest of all the churches, can not be named. Investigation historical Protestantism has no stand- showed that the only men who had ac- ing at all. It is a thing of yesterday.

cess to the place were priests. Col- TheWaldensian is recognized as one

OF THE PLAGUE IN

branch of the Apostolic Church-an tant Church of America. The WaIevangelical development of that densian Church is back of it. It sends Church, as Rome was the ritualistic us better materials for citizens in the development. It is as ancient as Rome first place. Finding no Waldensian itself, and it is Italian. As the princes church here, Waldensian immigrants of Savoy came down to rule over turn naturally to the Protestants. United Italy, so this ancient little Some regular system should be dechurch of Savoy has come down from vised by which every Waldensian emiits Alpine fastness to spread over the grant from Italy should be given letpeninsula. It seems as if it had been ters on his departure to some fixt preserved almost miraculously from representative of the Protestant apostolic times until the day when Church on this side, by him to be di- Italy was ready for a native evangeli- rected to a suitable church home. And cal church. letters to the Waldensian Church in Italy should be given to returning It is necessary to understand this Protestant immigrants. The threads situation to understand the strange of this web that the ocean shuttle is receptivity to evangelical teachings weaving should be gathered up and found among the Italian immigrants added to the fabric of an Italian Protin America. A rich field, ripe for the estant citizenship in both hemispheres. harvest, lies waiting for the Protes- RESULTS OF THE PLAGUE IN MANCHURIA BY REV. F. W. S. O'NEILL, M.A., FAKUMEN, MANCHURIA Late on a cold night last January, lation to non-Christians, and (3) nonin the office of the Plague Prevention Christians. Committee of Fakumen, while reports of deaths and hurried orders left little I-Chriatianl leisure for reflection, a voice was raised in prayer: "0 God, may the 1. From about December, 19IO, till people be led, as in the time of Jonah, April, 19II, mainly along the lines of to repent, that Thy chastening hand the railways and the roads leading to may be stayed, for hast Thou not sent the Great Wall, pneumonic plague carthis calamity because they would not ried off 46,000 Chinese of all ages and listen to the Gospel?" Such was the classes. An instance of its virulence, thought of the acting superintendent given Dr. Wu, the chairman of the International Plague Conference, * of plague work, Elder Shang. In shows the havoc wrought among a congregation of Christians. The what follows an attempt will be made French Catholic priest of Harbin, unto state some facts and to suggest a willing to allow any of his converts to few inferences regarding the recent be taken to the plague hospital, had visitation in Manchuria, as it affected them all removed to the mission com- (I) Christians, (2) Christians in re- pound. Daily services were held in the church. When the infection devel- * For the story of this Manchurian leader see oped, so rapid was the spread of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, January, 1907.

disease that in little over a month, out vaccine to Christians and their friends. of 300 converts 243 had succumbed, 3. Not only did the followers of the in addition to the priest himself and his assistants. In Hulan, near Har- Good Physician exhibit a spirit of bin, 32 Chinese Catholics died. On wisdom in the use of the blest means the other hand, very few Protestant of prevention, but still more did they Christians fell victims to the scourge. prove to be men and women of prayer. This result is, doubtless, in part due When in Fakumen it became neces- sary to hold the Sunday services in A DOCTOR, NURSE. AND ASSISTANTS IN A PLAGUE HOSPITAL to the fact that the instructions of the the open or elsewhere than in the mission doctors were adhered to, par- church, the members agreed to set ticularly in the suspension of large apart some time each day at noon in meetings at th e worst centers. their homes or shops for special prayer. This practise was also fol- 2. It is true that the senior Chinese lowed in other places. Several cures Protestant pastor denounced inocula- of minor ailments were reported as tion and other preventive measures as the result of supplication. a want of faith. This, however, is an almost solitary exception to the praise- In fine, our Christians once more worthy conduct of our Christians in stood a severe test of their intelligence general. Everywhere they showed and their faith. They have emerged their enlightenment by setting an ex- victorious. ample of obedience to the strict sanitary and isolation rules. Where vac- II-Christians in Relation to Noncine was available, they were readier Chriatians than others to apply for inoculation. Even after the outbreak had passed, 1. The missionaries remained at an enthusiastic missionary succeeded their posts and were among the first in administering 600 doses of plague to see the danger and to urge on the authorities the adoption of plans of prevention. In tbis way the handl1 of

OF THE PLAGUE IN MANCHURIA

the magistrates were strengthened in churia, it is probable that the plague their efforts to overcome the igno- would have got beyond control altorance and callousness of the "black~ gether." haired people." Naturally, the missionary doctors came to the front. By 2. Probably the deepest impression the side of the heathen official stood on heathen China was made, not by the expert Christian physician, whose the skill and efficiency of the Chrisweighty words, however, sometimes tion doctors, but by their voluntary fell on deaf ears. Dr. Gordon's knowl- braving of danger, even to the sacri- fice of life itself. Such devotion was Df,'. ASPLAND EXAMTNING A BATCH OF "CONTACTS" AT QUARANTINE edge of bacteriology and twenty years' not, indeed, confined to one nation or experience were unheeded by the ob- one creed. In the performance of structive Taoati of Changchun. In con- their duties three French priests laid sequence, the disease took a terrible down their lives. Civil doctors, Japahold of the city, and the Taoati was nese, Russian and French, perished at dismist. Dr. McKillop Young, of Hu- their posts. And yet it was the passlan, was sent for by the Prefect, who ing away on January 25th at Mukden, "showed the utmost eagerness to get after only two months' residence in measures started." Not to multiply the country, of the distinguished young instances, the following testimony may Doctor Jackson, of the Scottish Misbe quoted from the Peking and Tient- sion, that struck home to the hearts sin Times.. "The presence of Dr. of the people as nothing else did. In- Christie at Mukden at such a moment vited to take charge of the inspection of crisis has been of inestimable value and segregation of several hundreds to the Chinese Government, for with- of passengers at the railway station, out his organizing powers, his medical among whom plague had broken out, skill and his prestige throughout Man- he worked heroically for ten days,

when the temperature was so low that So again, in less remarkable ways, his hands were frost-bitten. On hear- the Christians rendered excellent serving the news of the doctor's death, the ice. The pastor of Chinchiatun evolved Viceroy of Manchuria, a strong-mind- a prescription of quinine and maged Confucianist, wept with loud cries. nesium sulfate. By the liberality of the members a large stock of this curi- ous remedy was provided and distrib- uted gratis to a crowd of applicants, effecting many notable cures.

As for particular endeavors to use the occasion for the propagation of the Truth, the premier congregation of Manchuria in East Mukden issued and scattered broadcast a very point- ed sheet tract, entitled "The Day of Repentance." But in the main, the circulation of literature was confined to plague-prevention rules, produced by various mission hospitals and presses, including, for example, 3,000 copies printed by the Weihsien Mis- sion Press in Shantung..

DR. STENH OUSE EXAMINING A SUSPECT JII-Non-Cbriatiana Immediately he sent a gift of $2,000 I. Turning to consider the intellect- (Mexican) to the Mission Hospital ual and moral effects of the late visitaand $10,000 (Mexican) to Dr. Jack- tion of Providence on the people as a son's widowed mother (who returned whole, one is first compelled to notice it to Mukden for the new Medical certain elements of evil. With the in- Mission College, of which her son was veterate suspicion of the ignorant Chito have been a teacher). Everything nese, the scourge was attributed to that the Viceroy could do to show his the machination of the diabolical forrespect and his sorrow was done. A eigners. In most cases the blame was profound impression was created on laid at the door of the Japanese, who the minds of all. were said to have hired Koreans to poison the wells. Toward the end of 3. Nor were the Christian Chinese the outbreak, when Doctor Gordon, of behindhand in self-sacrificing labor for the Irish Mission, was summoned their fellow men where opportunity home on account of the serious illness occurred. When it was difficult to of his son, the popular version of his obtain anyone to take charge of sudden disappearance was, that havthe Fakumen Plague Hospital, Elder ing discovered a sure remedy for the Shang volunteered to go himself. And plague, he became obnoxious to the there he lived throughout the epidemic, wicked Japanese, who succeeded in ready, if the call came, to give up his doing away with the good English life. doctor.

I I 1 RESULTS OF THE PLAGUE IN

Of a more serious nature was the and the hero of the International Conobstruction offered by the merchant ference, twenty-five plague corpses, class in some of the principal cities to which he dissected at the peril of his the rigorous isolation measures. The life. Doubtless one of the first results Viceroy was unable to prevent the of such a shattering of ancient preju- Mukden Chamber of Commerce from dice will be the spread of scientific setting up an amateur plague hospital truth in regard to the human body. for members of their own class, until The Medical Mission College, which their criminal folly had sent the daily is to be opened this year in Mukden, death-rate up from 30 to 60. is likely to receive enthusiastic support from high and low. 2. It is pleasanter to chronicle some A PILE OF PLAGUE VICTlMS IN COFFINS.. READY FOR BURNING indications of resulting good. Perhaps It was the humiliation of China's the chief lesson that China has been defeat by Japan in the war of 1894-95 taught is-humiliation. The ineffi- that first startled the multitude out of ciency of their primeval methods of their apathy and prepared the way for dealing with disease, the want of the great influx of the four following cleanliness and sanitation, their utter years into the Manchurian Church. inability to cope with the vast and Who shall say what will follow this sudden terror, compelled the Chinese last severe shock to the security of the to look abroad for help. Superstition nation's ignorance and pride? has received a deadly blow, in witness whereof may be mentioned the strik- 3. Of still weightier import, if also ing facts, (a) that cremation "was ac- less certainly permanent, is the imcepted by the people without com- provement in the relations between plaint or hindrance," and (b) that the Chinese and foreigners, united in face Government had the courage to grant of a common foe. The civilized world to Dr. Strong, the American delegate came forward, in sympathy at least, to share the terrible burden. Foremost

of all were the Japanese, the most sus- thanksgiving service was held in Fakupected and the most disliked. Let a men church. It was attended by the single illustration suffice. When plague officials, gentry and merchants of the appeared in Fakumen, the only avail- town, and was presided over by the able qualified physician, Dr. Morita, prefect. While from the pulpit the of the Public Hospital, was on leave chairman was exhorting the large aubeside his dying father's bedside in dience to expel the infection of evil Japan. The condition of things in the from their hearts, in a distant part of town was going from bad to worse. the town there was taking place the An urgent telegram brought the doc- theatrical performance, organized by tor back. Everything depended on the the Merchants' Gild, to render thanks action of this one man. By his cour- to the gods for the remission of the age and devotion he stamped out the plague. And yet, during the previous scourge and saved the town. week, the gods themselves had been removed from one of the principal lo- The International Plague Confer- cal temples and buried in a pit, in order ence, summoned by the Chinese Gov- to make way for required hospital acernment, with experts from eleven commodation. countries (of whom two were missionary doctors), was a conspicuous suc- After Doctor Jackson's death, at a cess, not solely along the line of scien- memorial service in the British Contific investigation, but also in the mat- sulate in Mukden, the Viceroy of Manter of mutual good-will. The more churia used in his speech these touchclearly China is permitted to take her ing words: "Doctor Jackson . . . place in the family of nations the with the heart of the Savior, who gave more surely will Christianity receive His life to deliver the world, respondfair play, neither hindered by the op- ed nobly when we asked him to help position of those in authority nor fa- our country in its need…. Noble vored by the miscreants who wish Spirit, who sacrificed your life for us, to employ against that authority the help us still and look down in kindness power of an alien church. upon us all." Can such a wistful prayer, joined with the urgent en- 4. Regarding distinct signs of other treaties of God's children on behalf of than merely intellectual repentance, it Manchuria, be offered up in vain? is obviously premature to speak. A OUR BROTHER MAN 0, brother man, fold to thy heart thy brother. Where pity dwells, the peace of God is there.

To worship rightly is to love each other; Each smile a hymn, each kindly deed a prayer.

Follow with reverent steps the great example Of Him whose whole work was doing good.

So shall the wide earth seem our Father's temple; Each loving life a psalm of gratitude. -Whittier.

INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION

SPRINGS, NEW YORK, 1911 REPORTED BY REV. W. H. BATSTON1, M.D., BELLEVILLE, CANADA Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Mission, India The International Missionary Union, . . The cause of foreign missions is not, which now numbers nearly I,400 members, representing most of the and can not, be a lost cause. missionary societies of the United States and Canada, met at Clifton … Springs, N. Y., May 3I to June 6, Not only America for the world's sake, with 105 members present. but the world for America's sake.

The general topic for consideration '" '" * at this conference was "The Decisive Hour of Christian Missions," and the Every age has its focal thought. The present critical conditions of the prin- focal thought of the middle ages was seen cipal mission fields of the world were in the Crusades; that of the seventeenth discust by missionaries and missionary century was Reformation; of the eightofficers. eenth century, revival; and of this cell- tury it is missions. In the memorial service the names of eighteen missionaries were record- '" • * ed as having died during the year, among them the Rev. John H. De Nothing has served to stem the flood Forest, of Japan; Dr. Clara Swain, the first woman medical missionary to . of worldliness at home so much as the the Orient; and Dr. Humphrey, of India. Twenty-eight of the mission·· cause of foreign missions. aries present are to return to the mission field within a few months, and the … … farewell meeting to these was of a most thrilling character. This "camp- Let one fail in trying to do something fire council of the world" was the rather than fail by sitting still and doing "high-tide" conference of recent years. nothing. Nuggets from Conference Addressea >I< >I< >I< Can ye not discern the signs of the times? This is the decisive hour of The church needs a vision of the world Christian missions. and of Christ. ••• >I< >I< • There are four threads in the loom of God: The doors of the world are open at 1. The discovery of the whole world. the costs of great sacrifices, of prayers, 2. The recovery of the whole Gospel. 3. The uncovering of the secrets of na- tears, labors, and gifts. Let us enter ture. 4. The enlistment of the whole church. them! * • >I< ••• . . Ve have magI'ificent armories, and Sometimes the problems of the world weapons, but often lack the war spirit. make us forget that God is omnipotent. … ••• The price of shining is burning. The great missionary movement is God's, and we are only part of it. >I< >I< * Thank God, men are beginning to think in the terms of Jesus Christ-in terms of the world.

>I< • • The joy and privilege of being lights in heathen darkness outweighs the incon- veniences, persecutions, and deadweights of heathenism.

>I< • • The English language and literature are great factors in the evangelization of the non-Christian world.

••* There may be a yellow peril if China and Japan are not Christianized-what they need most is the spirit and heart of Christianity.

India is the hardest miSSIOn field, and Korea Africa is the most unhealthy. Of the 11,000,000 Koreans, 300,000 are already Christians. Thirty thousa*nd *und*ergraduates and *** 200,000 other young people in the United The Korean Christians are distin- States and Canada last year systematic- guished for their ally studied books on foreign missions. 1. Love of the Bible. *** 2. Prayer life in church and home. 3. Activity as Christian workers. Students in 800 higher institutions of 4. Remarkable generosity. learning in the United States and Canada gave $100,000 for foreign missions. •** Some so-called* Ch*ristia*n giving is often Many Koreans went without one meal a day to send famine relief to India and of the nature of a gratuity-a tip-to China.

God. ••• *** If any man will follow me, let him deny Koreans having lost their earthly coun- try, are now seeking the heavenly. himself. There's not one law for the *** poor and another for the rich. Every Korean convert must bring an- •*• other before he is received into full mem- bership. Are we never to do anything for Jesus * * * There has been an average of one conbut the things that we enjoy doing. version every hour, since the first mis- **• sionary went to Korea.

The problem of missions is not on the Twenty-two t*hous*and*Koreans joined mission field, but in the church at home. the Pocket New Testament League last year. *•• *** Missionary work means conquest, sac- The Bible in Korea is a living book. rifice, suffering and victory. People have traveled 100 miles on foot in order to study its truths. *•• For every d*ay *sinc*e a missionary Often converts are called upon to endure greater sacrifices than the mission- landed in Korea, 26 years ago, a Chris- tian church has been organized. ary. *** *•* Last year 24,724 Korean Methodists Fellowship with Christ thrusts us forth gave over $37,000. to service. * Some Christian Ko*rea*ns not only tithe ••* their money, but also their time. The lonelier you are in Christian work, •*• the nearer you are to Christ, who trod In one Bible class of twelve women this world alone. they gave 170 months of their time in Christian service in one year. In Wang- ••• hai (Yellow Sea) Province, 160 men and women gave sixteen years. There's not a missionary who doesn't One church of 300 people gave 4,000 crave the prayers of God's people. days. The total contribution of time in one season equaled the preaching of Multiplicity o•f o*rgan*ization can not one man for 300 years.

take the place of the vital touch with * * * A missionary said, "1 had to go to Jesus Christ. Korea to learn how to pray." *** The missionaries present at the 1. M. U. Convention at Clifton Springs, June, 1911, represented 3,200 years of missionary service. Six ladies present gave 202 years of service.

There are 700•,000*squ•are miles of un- discovered territory in Arabia.

Often Korean workers, when hurriedly Of the 65,000 Christians in Burma only passing through a village with no time 4,000 are Burmese proper. to preach, will step into the church and pray. A Burman w•ants* his* head converted China before his heart. In 1877 an edict was published absolutely prohibiting woman's work in in- *•* land China; now the whole country is open. A missionary recently had to explain to a lady that Burma and Bermuda were * The ice and* snow *of superstition, not the same.

bigotry, and pride of thirty centuries in Japan China is fast passing away, and to-day The Japanese are wonderfully loyal to is the decisive hour. their emperor and country, and, as Chris- tians, are loyal to Christ. China has new* ed*ucati*onal, postal, and *•• currency systems, and is about to establish national and provincial assemblies. Formerly the merchant class in Japan was looked down upon. Now commer- * * * In Hunan province, women as well as cialism reigns supreme .

men know how to read and write. Leaders of th•oug*ht i*n Japan are in- In many part*s of* Ch*ina converts are clined to regard Christianity as the re- ligion that best meets their need. required to read and write before they are baptized. The Japanese *educ*atio*nal system tends * * When Gofort*h and his commpanions to cramming, is secularizing, and teaches cold morality. were trying to enter Hunan province, Hudson Taylor said, "If they ever do it, Tokyo is the *grea*test *educational cenit must be on their knees." They did it. ',er in the world. * * * As a result of an operation on a boy Female educa*ticn*in *Japan is wholly patient in one of the Chinese mission hospitals, ninety people of his village be- the result of Christianity. came inquirers. *•* The cigaret ha*s fo*und*its way all over Christianity has set up in Japan a new China. Shall we be behind with the Gos- ideal of character, and its influence is pel? permeating all government institutions of learning. India and Burma One of the encouraging signs in India **• is the formation of national missionary societies. Large numbers of Christians in Japan have positions of trust in business, banks, * * * For centuries thousands of little Hindu and the Government.

girls have been married to the gods, thus The Christian Church in Japan is combecoming temple girls, which meant a ing to the front, and the preacher who life of shame. can testify that Christ has changed char- acter gets the largest audiences. Within the last few years the Government of Bombay and the Maharaja of Turkey Mysore have forbidden the dedication of The Committee of Union and Progress minors to this service. of the Young Turk party (so called) is made up of educated Turks, Albanians, * India has been*called t*he burning heart Armenians, Bulgarians, Servians, Greeks of Asia. and others. * • • * * * Four-fifths of the population of Burma Before the Revolution of 1908 there was no freedom of speech, of the press, is Burmese, and the remainder are of assembly, or travel. Karens and other tribes. The Mohamm•edan• co*nception of God lacks the love side.

Turkish women allowed themselves to baking-powder tins, and these they use be sold from harem to harem in order as pockets. The natives' garb provide no to spread the cause of freedom. pockets.

>I< ,.. ,.. Latin Countries Last May, Christian Sunday-school In Porto Rico the decisive hour of children marched through the streets of missions is seen in the tendency of the Constantinople singing, "Onward Chris- upper classes toward evangelical Christian Soldiers." tianity.

* * * Freedom of conscience is not fully at- *** tained in Turkey, in consideration of the Mexico needs our prayers; drunkenolder school of Mohammedans. ness and vice is appalling.

,.. * ,.. * * ..

In Mohammedan lands the death pen- The doors in South America are open, alty can be lega1Jy pronounced on all but not off their hinges. Mohammedans becoming Christian, altho it is not always carried out. *** * * One of the res*ults of Christian missions In Venezuela there is a law against the increase of the number of clergymen. in Mohammedan lands is that, consciously or unconsciously, the students in our *** schools are beginning to view life from the angle of Christ. In Ecuador and Bolivia, prejudice must be overcome by schools and colleges. Bulgaria There are 1,500,000 Bulgarians in *** Macedonia. Bulgaria was 500 years under Turkish In Peru, al1 persons entering Protesrule. tant meeting places-even bishops-must For the last thousand years the Greek possess tickets of admission. Church remained practically unchanged. Recently the Greek Church and the *** Government in Bulgaria undertook to give the Bible to the people, and the The population of South America is first edition of 50,000 were rapidly sold. 40,000,000.

Africa *** The people of Africa are not a1l ne- Dr. Robert Speer is reported as saying groes; there are millions of Arabs, Copts, that after six months in South America, Berbers and Moors. he never saw greater darkness excepting in Central Africa, and that he went into ,.. * * seventy of the largest cathedrals in South America, and after diligent inquiry found There are 3,000 British settlers in only one Bible, and that a Protestant British East Africa. Bible about to be burned. If the Bible is not in their chUl;-ches, how much less *** in their homes?

Hyenas are the walking graveyards of *** Africa. When a man dies, his body is Henry Martyn, when in South America, prayed, "0, God! when wilt thou bring taken back into the bush and left there. the true cross to this land in the place of the crucifix?" ,. * * *** When eleven men, women, and chil- There is a world-wide protest against dren, and seventeen goats live together the Roman Catholic Church in France, Italy, Portugal and Spain; while in every in a hut fifteen feet square, it is difficult South American country they say Ro- manism is not to be the state religion. for the flowers of love and tenderness *** to flourish. * ,. * In recent years, 1,364 priests have left Sometimes the native women in Africa the Church of Rome in France.

pierce their ears and enlarge the hole until they can insert empty one-pound

FROM GERMAN

BY LOUIS MEYER The German East Africa Mission- two Mohammedans also have asked ary Society celebrated its twenty-fifth for Christian instruction and baptism. anniversary in the spring of this year. Thus the Lord sends special encour- Founded at a time when Germany had agement to the German East Africa acquired its first colonies, and when Society at the close of the first quarter public opinion was very much divided of a century of faithful work in dark concerning the wisdom and advantage Africa. of the acquisition, its first years were The Leipsic Missionary Society will filled with great difficulties, and much be able to look back upon 75 years of faith was required of those in charge blest work for the Master on August of the work. Its first work was at 17, 191I. Its chief field of labor is in Dar-es-Salaam, the most important southern India, which is considered a city of German East Africa, but most difficult field, tho entered al- Usambara was entered in 1891, and ready more than two hundred years a blest work among the heathen ago by the missionaries of the Halle- Shambalas was commenced. Many of Danish Society: When this work was these heathen have been converted and taken over by the Leipsic Society in baptized, and throughout the country 1837, there were but 1,400 native a weakening and breaking up of hea- Christians in the two stations, Tranke- then superstition is apparent, tho the bar and Porciar, and only 300 scholars majority of the people still remains in the missionary schools. In 1861 heathen. Lately, alas, Mohammedan- there were nine stations, 4,800 Chris- ism has entered the country, and it has tians, 1,000 pupils, and nine European quickly become powerful and threaten- missionaries, and two native evangel- ing. It is true that the great mass of ists; in 1886 there were 21 stations, the Shambalas still decline to accept 13,700 Christians, 3,300 pupils, and 25 the tenets of Islam, chiefly perhaps be- European missionaries, and 4 native cause they forbid the eating of the evangelists; in 191 I there are 40 staflesh of fallen animals, but the chiefs tions, 21,900 Christians, 11,700 pupils, and the traders are in favor of Islam. and 54 European missionaries, and 28 The missionaries in general declare native evangelists. Truly, a wonderthat Mohammedanism is a more ful growth. dangerous enemy than heathenism. The Rhenish Missionary SocieWre'-" Among the adherents of the latter only ports that the total number of native the medicine men, or waganga, are Christians in its extensive spheres of open enemies of Christianity, which activity was 158,621 on January I, threatens their profitable business, but 19II, so that the year 1910 brought every true Mohammedan holds every a net increase of 13,6g2. The work in Christian in contempt, and contempt Sumatra brought richest fruit, viz., is a dangerous weapon among these 7,421 baptisms of heathen (3,600 in people. Many a man among the 1909), so that the Christians there Shambalas joins the forces of Moham- number I03,528 now. The missionmedanism rather than be considered aries among the Hereros were enabled with contempt, and thus Islam spreads to baptize 1,610 heathen (736 in 1909), rapidly. The German East Africa and thus the number of native Chris- Society has at present seven stations tians were increased to 12,666. Since in Usambara, and five stations in Ru- the number of inquirers under Chrisanda, which is located west from Lake tian instruction, preparatory to bap- Victoria Nyassa and was entered only tism, was 19,642, (13,199 at the close a few years ago. In Ruanda, often of 1909), it is quite certain that the called the country of the giants and number of native Christians will conthe dwarfs, the first heathen have tinue to increase. The inquirers numapplied for baptism, 12 in Kirinda, bered I1,240 in Sumatra, and 3,~Jn and 'I in Dliinga. In the latter station Hereroland at the close of 1910, while

Nias, where the harvest of souls is so that the number of baptized native~ just commencing, reported 3,756 ear- increased to 62,972, of whom 33,683 nest inquirers at the close of 1910. were communicants. In 424 schools of The missionary force of the Rhenish all descriptions, 15,925 boys and girls Society consisted of 203 European received Christian instruction during workers, of 1,010 paid native helpers, 1910. The income of the society was and of 1,927 voluntary helpers (with- about $315,000, from all sources in out pay). 1910.

The Berlin Missionary Society held The Gossner Missionary Society, its annual meeting on June 14. Its which is 75 years old now, held its seventy-eighth annual report tells a annual meeting on June I I. It was story of great blessings and of con- able to close 1910 without a new detinued progress. In German East Af- ficit, its total income being almost rica the number of baptized heathen is $120,000, but the old deficit of more ten times larger to-day than ten years than $30,000 is rather burdensome. Its ago (1901, 328; 19If, 3808), while chief work is among the heathen Kols, the number of native Christians in all whose land the first Gossner missionits fields has increased to 62,972 at aries entered in 1845. Through the the close of 1910 (36,690 in 1898). blessing of God about 71,000 Kols The deficit with which the year closed have already become Christians, while was very small, tho there had been the missionaries have great difficulties great fear of a large one. In South to prepare the enquirers, who number Africa Ethiopism is growing less about 18,000 at present. Upon its strong, and the work of preparation other field in India, along the Ganges, for a native church is progressing. In the missionaries are also beginning to German East Africa the cause of reap the harvest after years of dis- Christ is advancing under the faithful couraging and seemingly vain labor. work of the Berlin missionaries, but the battIe with Islam is growing The Breklum Missionary Society, stronger, as in the sphere of activity which has most successful work in of the East Africa Society. The dan- India, has decided to extend its activger threatening from Islam has caused ity and enter upon the preaching of the planning of a conference of all the Gospel in some needy part of Dark- .~mlln and English missionary so- est Africa, probably East Africa. cieties working- in German East Africa. It will be held in the fall un- The North German Missionary Soder the leadership of Superintendent ciety, in Bremen, celebrated its seven- Klamroth of the Berlin Society. The friends and supporters of the society ty-fifth anniversary on Jnne II and 12. also have recognized the seriousness of the progress of Islam in German Among the guests were representa- East Africa, and have already fur- tives of the German Colonial Office nished the necessary means for the and of the Governments of the Ransa opening (or, perhaps better, reopen- Cities (Bremen, Hamburg, and Liiing), of the Station Pommern in the beck), which fact proved that official Muhanga country, while means are Germany is rapidly awakening to the promised for another station, Schlesi- importance of missionary effort in its en. in the threatened district. colonies, for the chief work of the North German Society is within Ger- The Berlin Missionary Society had, man West Africa. Of its 8 stations, on January I, 1911, 86 stations, 463 6 are in Togoland and two in the out-stations, 70~ preaching places, Il7 British Gold Coast Colony, while of ordained and 1.1 lay European mission- the 153 outstations, 134 are in the aries, 180 other European laborers German colony. The number of bap- (teachers, deaconesses, etc.), 1,138 na- tisms was 1,244 in 1910, so that a tive helpers (25 ordained). The num- higher number of natives was added to the church than in any previous ber of baptisms of adults was 1,825, year. In speaking of these baptisms, 1 it IS well to remember that the total number of natives baptized during the

DOUBT AND RELIGION IN FRANCE 61

first fifty-five years of missionary ac- wiped out the old large deficit, so that it entered the last quarter of its first tivity was only one thousand. The century entirely free of debt. Another number of native Christians in Togo- jubilee gift is the revision of the whole land has increased to 5,652, in the Gold Bible in the Ehve language, just com- Coast Colony to 2,622. In the 164 mis- pleted and immediately to be printed. sionary schools, 5,895 pupils were under Christian instruction during the The work of German Missionary Societies is in a most prosperous conpast year (5,639 in 1909). The so- dition, and the interest of German ciety closed the current year without Christians in the evangelization of the a new deficit, and was able to report world is steadily increasing. that its friends and supporters had DOUBT AND RELIGION IN FRANCE* BY PROFESSOR JEAN C. BRACQ The stern fact is that the French evolution. The editor of that interest- ing symposium wisely says it is undenation is moving away from its re- niable that religious studies have taken of late years an extraordinary developligious moorings. The priest has been ment; never, perhaps, since the Refor- mation has there been such a display deprived of his former non-religious of curiosity for all that concerns re- ligion, such labors of erudition, of powers. . . . No more can he criticism, and of propaganda. . . .

molest the non-Catholic pupil or terro- The College de France has had for many years an admirable course of rize the lukewarm Catholic professor, highly important scientific studies on even the doubting one, by the pros- religions. Professor Reville, long the incumbent of this chair, was a radical pect of dismissal. . The recent unitarian, but a most candid and able scholar, ever insisting upon the tranpolitical defeats of clerical candidates scendent importance of religion. Pro- fessor Loisy, recently elected to the show that the clergy have lost their same chair, is animated with a kin- dred spirit. The Practical School of former hold, and that the causes which High Studies, in the Sorbonne, has a score of courses by specialists devoted they endorse are decidedly unpopular. to the religions of the great people of the world, while the Sorbonne itself As Comte G. d'Avenel, a distinguished has now three chairs studying differ- eut periods in the history of Christian- French Catholic, puts its: Catholicism ity.

"has lost its material domination, the secular arm. It no longer leads the State, and has no longer any place· in the State. It has lost the masses. Its temples in a thousand places are de- serted." . . . Anti-clericalism is often synonymous with anti-religion.

Socialism, long and bitterly antago- nized by the priests, has become a unit against them. . . .

The churchless are, however, far from indifferent to religious problems, and any able religious speaker will find 1 he feeling grows that religion has hearers outside of the church more been one of the most fundamental deeasily than in America. In the early terminants of the character of various part of 1907 the Mercure de France civilizations. . . . There was never, organized an extensive inquiry, ask- during the preceding regime, such an ing eminent men "whether we are wit- intellectual zest for the problems of renessing a dissolution or an evolution of ligion. The philosophers have given -and are still giving-a large place religious thought?" The overwhelm- to this subject. They admit more and ing majority of French contributors more the importance of religious· feel- ings in the evolution of society and in decided for the second alternative, that we are in the presence of a religious • ExtracIS frolll Chapter JX of Professor Bracq's "France Under the RepubliCo"

comparative psychology, as well as the introducing into their work modern bearing of those feelings upon the va- critical and scientific methods, but with rious aspects of metaphysics. The ma- only a very moderate success. . • .

jority of them are ready to concede the But whatever be the system of train- practical value of the idea of God in ing, Catholic clergymen show a great- ethics as well as the great action of er readiness to break away from the religious forces upon sociological phe- Church, and several hundred priests nomena. In the philosophical teach- have left it during the last third of a ings of the secondary schools there is century. Through the increase of in- a general insistence upon the existence tellectual honesty, the influence of of God and the immortality of the military service and the loss of political soul. "Atheism," says M. power by the clergy, there has been a Georges Lyon, "is exceptional in the wholesome elimination of the former French philosophical world." This doubtful and mercenary elements of opinion of the distinguished rector of the priesthood. Never was there a the Academy of Lille has been again more active and aggressive spirit and again endorsed before the writer among young priests, and never have by other prominent speCUlative think- the French clergy allied to a greater ers. degree culture with devotion and life The introduction of philosophy into with doctrine.

the domain of religion upon a new One may say of the clergy, both scale is visible in the works of the secular and regular, that they have best Catholic and Protestant writers, grown in intensity and earnestness in the theses of Protestant students where they are dominant, in intelli- and in the better class of sermons. gence and moral power where they While the cleavage which has taken have been in touch with the philo- place in the world of beliefs has ar- sophical and scientific life. Politically rayed on the one side many who have and socially they move in a narrower become unreligious and atheistic, a range, but their real lasting spiritual corresponding movement has taken infhlence is greater.

place on the other toward a most Huguenot history renders to the positive faith. Atheists have become Christian Church and to historical deists, deists have accepted a broad science a great service in being a com- theism, and the philosophical theists f.·lete refutatlOn of the historic theory became for a time nea-Christians, the of races as the ultimate determinants neo-Christians liberal Catholics, and of religion. The study of the rise and some liberal Catholics have become ul- development of French Protestantism tramontane. Among those who have shows us how untenable is the asser- gravitated. toward belief there has tion that Germanic nations are Prot- been a tendency to give, at every angle estant and that the Celtic are Catho- of the religious prism, a larger place lic. . . .

to the mystical spirit without surren- The formula which represents the dering their philosophical ideals. . . . history of French Protestants during At the same time the spiritual auto- the last hundred years is the expansion cracy of the Vatican is as absolute as of life. This expansion has been mani- ever. The Gallican liberties, episcopal fested in the making of a new Protes- diglllty, and the independence of theo- tant ministry, in the development of a logical research are things of the past. Protestant literature, in their large and Some bishops-not those appointed varied philanthropies, in their mis- since the Separation-have endeav- sions, home as well as foreign, in "the ored to modernize the education of men whom Protestantism has jJro- their clergy, and have advocated the d,uced"-a truly remarkable list..:-in study of science as a help to faith. In "the high place in the world of some ways the Catholic universities of thought" caken by their ablest men, in Paris and Lille have done nobly in their self-organizing power.

EDITORIALS

OUR MEMORIAL NUMBER fund to found a lectureship or some "God buries His workmen, but carries on other fitting memorial to recognize His work." Doctor Pierson's life service. It was, This number of THE MISSIONARY however, very much against his wish REVIEW is largely devoted to a review and the wish of his family that any of the life and work of the late Editor- personal appeals should be made, so in-Chief. The purpose is not to glori- that the plan was not pushed to a suc- fy the man, no matter how praise- cessful conclusion. Some money was worthy may have been his character generously contributed, and was and his work; the motive in the prep- placed by the donors at Doctor Pier- aration of these brief tributes has been son's disposal, to use in any way he to glorify the Master as the One who saw fit. As he was about to start on called. his world missionary tour it seemed In the service held at Northfield, best to devote this money to mission- Mass., on August 6th, 19IO, in recog- ary work in the fields visited, and nition of Doctor Pierson's fifty years many worthy and needy causes were of service in the Gospel ministry, he substantially helped. Some friends would permit no eulogy of himself, have now suggested that a more per- asking only to be allowed to give his manent memorial might be established testimony to the faithfulness of God in Korea, the last mission field visited and the blessing that had come from by Doctor Pierson, the land where his trusting in His promises. The testi- daughter, Mrs. Curtis, is working, and mony was based on four passages of the land that so profoundly imprest Scripture: Psalm I: I and 2; Prov- him for the deep spirituality of the erbs 3: 6; Matthew 6: 33; and John missionaries and the Christlike char- 7: I7· Doctor Pierson recorded his acter of the work. It was the earnest conviction as to the importance of the hope of Dr. Pierson that he might be study of God's word, the open ac- spared to help build up this needed knowledgment of Him as Guide and work, and we know of nothing that King, the faithfulness of God's pro- would more fully meet his wishes or vision for every need, and the readi- more fittingly continue the work so ness of God to lead into the light dear to his heart than a Bible training those who are ready to follow it. school in Korea. It would best be con- Preparations are being made to ducted under the auspices of one of the publish a biography of Doctor Pierson missionary boards. It may be that some at an early date. His life was remark- who have been helped by Doctor Pier- ably rich in variety and incident; he son's teachings, and who would count was in close fellowship with some of it a privilege to help establish a fitting the widely known leaders of his day, memorial, would contribute a fund to and his character, his work and his establish and endow a Bible school for writings furnish a rich store from training Christian workers in Korea.

which to draw instruction and inspira- The abiding and growing influence of tion for all days to come. Friends such an institution could not be e&ti- who have any biographical material of mated. It is not in useless monuments general interest are asked to forward of stone that we would perpetuate the it as promptly as possible to the office name and influence of this great advo- of THE REVIEW. Reminiscences, cate of missions, but in some useful in- poems, newspaper clippings, incidents stitutions in which the spirit of Christ or letters will be especially valued and may be manifested and through which the originals will be returned if de- His kingdom may be promoted.

sired. DR. PIERSON'S FAREWELL MIS. SIONARY MESSAGE A Permanent Memorial At the time of Doctor Pierson's Golden Jubilee celebration last year Just before the late Editor-in-Chiefs some friends in America and in Eng- departure from Korea, where he spent land suggested the raising of a jubilee two months, he wrote, on January 8th,

a message to the missionaries whom caned for an inward transformation he had expected to meet in person, but was prevented by the condition of his at Peniel. ' health. As his last message to those who with him have held dear the faith "3rd. To Joseph-when the voice in Christ Jesus our Lord, and who with him have devoted themselves to called for administration of a regal rethe extension of the kingdom of God, this letter is of peculiar interest and sponsibility in a crisis of national peril. importance. Doctor Pierson wrote: "4th. To Moses-with a call to ab- "SEOUL, January 8, 1910. solute self-renunciation. "DEAR BRETHREN: "5th. Then to Joshua-when the "I had hoped that I might have had more personal contact with the be- call came to complete self-surrender loved missionaries here, but it has been simply impracticable. My health of his generalship and plans of warhas not allowed even private interviews to any considerable extent. fare into the hands of the invincible Early this week I am constrained to start on my way homeward, leaving Captain of the Lord's Host. only a general word of farewell and blessing. "6th. To David-a call to abandon "I wish to assure you that I have his own cherished plan for building a been here long enough to become intensely interested in the missionary house for God, even after it had been activity here, and it will have a permanent place in my daily prayers. formally approved by the prophet Na- "If I had been privileged to speak than, and to leave it to another to carry to you to-day it would have been from. Acts 26: 19: 'Vhereupon I was not out even after most extensive preparadisobedient unto the heavenly vision.' tions had been made, and vast sums of "The force of the word 'whereupon' is 'immediately,' there is therefore a money had been accumulated by himthree-fold lesson. self; which, if the numerical state- !'I. To every man there comes at some time a heavenly vision. ments in 1 Chron., Chapters 22 and 29, "2. The one duty is obedience. are to be depended upon, must have "3. And everything may depend upon the promptness of that obedi- amounted to about on,e hundred milence. "I had intended to use as an illus- lions of dollars-and this of his own tration of these truths, Acts 7, the keynote of which is the following words: private property in addition to still 'The God of glory appeared and said': that is to say, it was a vision accom- more vast preparations. panied by a voice, as all great visions are. "7th. To Solomon-it was a call to "There is a revelation of the will of God and a personal call. Then follow dependence upon a higher wisdom, eight instances of what may be called a 'vocal vision,' or a viliion accompan- notwithstanding his own brilliant enied by a voice. "1st. To Abraham-when the voice dowments. called for separation. ";md. To Jacob – when the voice "It will be seen that everyone of these was a call to some form of self- renunciation. Abram was called to renounce country and kindred. Jacob got no victory till he ceased from self- effort, and consented to be a cripple.

Joseph was called to renounce all human insight and foresight, in order to meet a great national crisis. Moses was called to renounce the riches of Egypt, a royal position and the throne of the world. Joshua was called to renounce all pride in his generalship, and follow measures only calculated to promote ridicule. David was called to renounce the chosen purpose of a life- time. And Solomon to renounce an wisdom of his own and all dependence upon everything but God.

"To all of these must be added the illustration furnished by Stephen him- self, who was called to make the great- est sacrifice that any man can make- to give up life itself, and exchange the blest activity of service for the but they were unable to agree as to pains and apparent disasters of martyrdom at the beginning of his career. which was the one.

"This is what I desire to leave as The first aim as Christians should my last message, and entrust in the n~me of the Lord to another's lips, be t,he mani~estatio? of the spirit of with the prayer that this divine lesson may be learned by us all. ChrIst, the Vital umon with Him the "Most affectionately yours in the perfect obedience to His control. This Lord, is gener~ll~ agree~ to in theory-why "ARTHUR T. PIERSON." not put It In practlse? The reason is DENOMINATIONAL UNITY that many men and denominations We are not among those who believe that the organic union of Chris- have not as much unselfishness and tendom, or of evangelical Christian churches is the first or most important spirit of sacrifice in the Church as step in winning the world to our Lord ] <:sus Christ, or in carrying out the they have in national life. In a village Wish of our Lord, exprest in His prayer, "That they may be all one." the first question should be-how can An external union might be the very ~eans to ~efeat our Lord's purpose. the cause of Christ be best manifested fo . our minds, the most important achievement first to be sought is the and promoted in this place? Then the closer and more perfect union with our Lord as head of the Church. If salary of ministers, the precedence of this is accomplished there may be many denominations, but one body and churches, the minor differences of one Spirit. If this be the first great aim of all Christians, then there can order of worship, church government be no rivalry or jealousy; it will make no difference whether the individual, and insignificant points of adomicstrsiinoe~ the society, or the denomination be will sink out of sight. In praised or lead in the world's work, each will be willing to be anathema if field the first consideration should be only the name of the Lord Jesus is glorified. the united witness to the Gospel and Some of the recent discussions on the exhibition of the spirit of brotherly church union seem to turn· on the point that none are willing to die. love. This is what will impress the History and prestige are held to be more important than life and work. non-Christian world. Then it will not In our cities, country districts, mission fields it is sometimes desirable that a be a question as to which society enchurch shall die for the sake of the kingdom of God. Yet in some of the tered the field first, or which has indiscussions relating to union and cooperation we are reminded of the de- vested the most money; it will be a bate on the raft at sea, where the party of survivors from the sinking ship question for friendly discussion and found that the water and provisions were insufficient to sustain them all, decision as to which body of workers and each agreed that one of the party should be willing to die for the others, can most successfully advance the kingdom of God in that place. A dif- ference of opinion may be amicably settled by arbitration or division of territory.

When we can, as Christians, agree that God is the universal Father and ruler, that Christ Jesus is the universal Savior and Lord, that surrender to Him is the way to receive the gift of life, that the Bible contains God's revela- tion of the way of life, and that God's Spirit brings light and life, power and love into the soul, then we shall be ready for union as followers of Christ Jesus, and will not waste time and energy and money in minor discus- sions or in perpetuating useless dis- tinctions. It is not the most essen- tial thing that a man or a church, a denomination or a mission, shall live physically, but it is most important that they shall live spiritually and per- petuate the spirit and teachings of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. MISSIONARY TREASURIES-WHAT without money can do infinitely more than money without God. IS THE TROUBLE? Third, as a rule it is the testimony ''Yord comes from missionary so- of those who are studying the probcieties in America and Great Britain lem that the chief difficulty lies with of large deficits in missionary treas- the short-sighted policies of the pasuries. The Church Missionary Soci- tors of churches and their official ety of England reports a debt of $240,- boards. Fears are openly exprest that 000 in spite of efforts to clear the money given to missions will dedeficiency. The London Missionary So- crease the home revenues, and that ciety is $215,000 behind, and the Eng- time and workers devoted to worldlish Baptist Missionary Society is in wide work will take away from those debt $50,000. The same condition ap- needed for the local church and compears in Scotland and in America. munity. Only a few of the societies have their balance on the right side of the ledger. There may be other causes for defi- All this is despite the great missionary ciencies in enlarged plans of societies, expositions, conferences and move- in political disturbances, gifts to more ments among men, women and young secular causes, and to commercial depeople. pression, but we are convinced that the chief cause is the general lower- What is the trouble? It is easier to ing of spiritual life in many of our ask the question than to answer it, but churches and cities, in the prevailing the difficulty seems to us to be three- laxity of ideas in regard to the necesfold: First, too much emphasis is sity of salvation through Christ alone, placed on great movements, on ma- and in the increase of luxurious and chinery, on secular support for Chris- selfish living. Weare not pessimistic, tian work; and too little emphasis is but we believe in looking the facts placed on the Spirit to move the ma- squarely in the face and in putting chinery, on the personal relationship first things first. of men and women to the Lord Jesus Christ himself, and on the call of duty THE GREATEST OBSTACLE TO and privileges in fulfilling His commission. Too much energy is used MISSIONS also in starting the machinery going, and too little in keeping it up. There Missionary Basden, in Onitscha on may be a whirlwind campaign that the Niger, West Africa, writes: "We will catch men up and carry them have here a flourishing congregation along like paper. Then the breeze of native Christians, and our meetdies down and there is a dead calm. ings are attended by 1,400 persons Men are silenced in their opposition to sometimes. Yet I am sure that dozens missions, but they are not born again of Europeans who pass through Onitin their relation to Jesus Christ and scha have returned to their homes and His work. are diligently affirming that they did not see a Christian native on the Niger. Second, too much emphasis is placed The indifference of Europeans to religon money and too little on the work ious matters is simply awful, and our to be done, and the Lord and His black Christians are unable to underworkers who are to do it. Men and stand it. Some years ago I was asked women are told how little sacrifice is the question, What makes missionary needed to give two or five cents a work especially difficult? and I was week, large gifts are announced and forced to answer, The bad influence advertised as evidence of consecration, of Europeans. The experience of the and standards of giving are set, but last years has only strengthened that the personal responsibility of each di- conviction." Many Americans are sciple to his Master is not made the likewise a hindrance to missionary efchief consideration. Some talk and fort, but some travelers and merchants write as tho money would convert the and government officers are a great world, whereas we know that God help to the work.

MISSIONARY

EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN only grow in usefulness as it grows in years." Training of Missionaries Christian Endeavor in Great Britain The first practical outcome of t~e Edinburgh Missionary Conference IS Some interesting figures were prethe formation of a Board of Study, sented recently in the report rendered consisting of representatives o~ var!- at the Christian Endeavor Conference ous missionary societies, the UnIVerSI- at Middlesbrough. It seems that the ties, and specialists in Oriental mat- total membership is over 228,618, the ters, who will provide facilities for the new societies registered during the more thorough training of mission- year numbering 156. There are 112 aries of all denominations in the lan- new societies in England, I9 in Ireguages, religions, and customs of the land, 17 in Scotland, and 8 in Wales. East. For some time the Edinburgh The president for the year is Rev. F. Conference International Continuation Committee has been considering the J. Horsefield, vicar of St. Silas, Brismatter, and at a largely attended me.eting at the Bible House the formatIOn tol, who said he would use his best of the Board was decided upon. The endeavors during the year to help for- .majority of the missionary societies ward the work, and to break down the have already appointed delegates to barriers of denominational prejudice. represent them, and the remainder are expected to follow suit.. It will be t.he London Mi.sionary Society's Ten Yean' business of the executIve to advIse candidates for the mission field, and Review give information to training colleges as to the curriculum, while it is antici- Deprest Christians who deplore the pated that the various missionary so- "arrested progress" at home, have cieties themselves will consult the only to look abroad to have their faith Board. The full scope of the Board's renewed and their interest revived. In work can not be decided upon till it is the London Missionary Society Chronknown what steps the Government is icle is a careful survey of the whole of taking with regard to the foundation their field during the past ten years, of a School of Oriental Studies simi- showing the work actually accomlar to the institutions which already plished. It is a splendid tale: exist in France and Germany. A simi- lar board is in the process of forma- "The church-membership has intion in the United States. creased from 58,059 to 84,185. The only mission which shows no increase A British Statesman on the Bible is South India. The church in Travan- core has grown from 7,901 to 11,243. A good example has been set by Sir In China the membership has slightly Robert Hart, for so many years Di- more than doubled, and is now 15,215, rector of Chinese Customs. He wrote as compared with 7,600 in 1891. The recently to the British and Foreign African Mission, especially in Central Bible Society as follows: "It occurs Africa, has also more than doubled its to me, as I am just opening a new membership, from 2,667 to 5,499. The check-book, that I could not do better church in Madagascar-amid all its than dedicate the first check to the troubles-has now a membership of British and Foreign Bible Society; so 29,449, as compared with 21,961; and here is a donation of a hundred guin- the Polynesian churches have grown eas. The work done is enormous, and from a membership of 14,544 to 19,- the good it accomplishes is beyond 462, the growth being mainly in Pa- all calculation. . . . As foundation pua." and scaffolding for all building, the Society has proved itself and its worth THE CONTINENT beyond all praise, and I am sure it will Norway and Medical Mi..ions A beginning of medical mission in- terest is reported from Norway.. The story is told in Medical Missions at Home and Abroad: "A Christian asso-

clatlOn of Norwegian physicians has the door and knocking." Mr. 'Fettler been founded at Christiania. The holds Bible classes in the palace of the members composing it are 35 physi~ Princess Lieven, to which some three cians from different parts of the coun- hundred persons come. The great hall try; and the chairman, Doctor Jen- of the city councilor Duma has been senius, 'Nordstrand, Christiania, gave granted to him for Sabbath-school an inspiring and beautiful address at demonstrations. The hall of the Nothe first meeting. The objects of the bel building (erected by the petroleum association are: (I) The strengthen- and dynamite king, Alfred Nobel, ing of the Christian life of the mem- founder of the Nobel Prizes), has also bers; (2) to promote the spiritual wel- been used by Fettler for evangelistic fare of medical students; (3) to stir services." up interest in medical missions in the form of homes for epileptics and A Great Baptist Reformation other sufferers, under a Christian superintendent; and (4) to aid Chris- There is in progress in Russia and tian men and women who desire to southeastern Europe the most remarkgive themselves up to medical mission able religious movement of modern work on the foreign field." times. It is spreading among the Slavs and Cossacks of Russia, the Jesuits in Russia Letts and Esthonians of the Baltic provinces, the Cechs of Moravia and The recent expulsion from Moscow the great Carpathian range, the Magof the head of the Jesuits, and other yars, Slovacs and Ruthenians of Hun- "Roman Catholic zealots," marks an- gary, and it has reached the various other stage in the development of the races of the Balkan States. differences between the Russian Government and the Vatican. A weII- During the past half century Bapinformed St. Petersburg correspond- tist churches have been established in ent states that a hitherto unsuspected alI these countries, partIy through the Romish propaganda .has been discov- missionary enthusiasm of the German ered in Moscow and in St. Petersburg, Baptist Union, and partly through the where the Jesuits have managed to get dissemination of the Scriptures. the control of the Roman Catholic schools. Churches founded less than five years ago number 700 or 800 members, Pastor Fenler aa an Evangelist and in one case 1,200; in the Nagy Szalonta district we have records of The Record of Christian Work gives 250 baptisms per month; in Morava this account of the labors of a new Norbert Capek has established 2I sta- Russian evangelist: tions, with I,200 members, in seven years; FetIer in St. Petersburg has "Pastor Wilhelm Fettler, a Russian gathered a church of 300 members in educated in Spurgeon's College, and three years, has established 12 mission preaching in St. Petersburg, in Rus- stations, and has compelled the attensian, Lettish, German and English, is tion of the whole city to the principles having a great ingathering among the and progress of the Baptist movement. working classes. Men stand patiently —John Clifford. for hours in the aisles of his meetingplaces, block up doorways, and fill A Russian Priest Unfrocked ante-rooms. News comes just now that the evan- "When the people kneel to pray, gelical priest and preacher, Gregori after the Russian manner, the effect is Petrow, in St. Petersburg, has been indescribable. Wave after wave of unfrocked and forbidden to preach beemotion thrills the assembly. The rich cause of his advanced evangelical bass of the men's voices is very power- views. The Record of Christian Work ful as they join in the 'Glory Song' gives some interesting details of his or in a favorite hymn by the Grand ministry: In the St. Petersburg priest, Duke Constantine, 'I am standing at Gregori Petrow, the evangelical move-

MISSIONARY

ment in Russia has a powerful repre- of energy and self-respect. On the sentative. He is not merely a man of Galata Bridge he met a Turk and his exceptional knowledge in many lines of wife walking side by side, while under thought-but he seems to have also a the old custom the lord of creation singularly clear grasp of the meaning stalked ahead, while his wife humbly of Christ's teaching. In the capifal tagged along a few paces in the rear. there is no hall large enough to hold The official who did him a favor drew the multitudes that throng to hear his back at the offer of the usual "coffee religious lectures. Petrow is a man money," saying, "My government in the prime of life. He has filled pays my salary." Formerly the positions of importance in the na- Turkish subject must secure a pertional Church; head clergyman of the mit specifying the date of his prochurch of St. Alexander Nevsky, re- posed trip and the route he would ligious instructor to the corps of take; he must get the signature of the pages-where he has in charge the taxgatherer that showed all his taxes pick of the youth of the Russian were paid, and the seal of his religious aristocracy-and professor in theolo- community testifying that he was a gy at the POlytechnic Schoo!' His good citizen and that none of his relaevangelical note recalls the doctrines tives had run off to America, and the of the hated Stundists. Petrow is, signature of the governor of the state too, a burning anti-alcoholist, publish- and several other officials, anyone of ing a temperance paper and many whom, if he chose, could block the pamphlets on the subject. permit.

ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS A Time of Testing at Hand American Schools in Turkey Rev. F. E: Hoskins writes from Beirut: "Many of our Syrian churches After an extended visit to the Orient, have experienced a fresh awakening William E. Curtis, the world-famous and greater signs of life appear. Chriscorrespondent of the Chicago Record- tians in the Ottoman Empire are fa- Herald, wrote home: "The influence cing a new testing time in life in being of the American schools has been car- drafted into the Turkish army. If all ried to every corner of the empire. the promises of the new regime were Every student leaving these American kept the military training would be an schools has carried the germ of prog- excellent tonic for all young men. ress to his sleeping town. He has be- Unfortunately for the empire, a large come a force for the new order wher- number of young men have fled from ever he has gone. This influence," the country, and this course has says Mr. Curtis, "has been working opened the door for charges of disfor a half century or more, and has loyalty which have been uttered on the been preparing the minds of the peo- floor of the Parliament and reechoed ple for the great change that has re- through all grades of social life. If cently come over them. The mission- men are ennobled by bravely facing a aries do not teach revolution, they do difficult situation in life, then the not en~ourage revolutionary methods; Christians of the Ottoman Empire but they have always preached and have a grand opportunity. taught'liberty, equality, fraternity and the rights of man." INDIA Turkey Then and Now Caste System Giving Way Dr. White, of Marsovan, noted many Christianity teaches that one is the welcomed changes in conditions of life Father of all and that all are brethren. in Turkey as he returned to his field Many predicted that Christianity could after furlough. In two days' stay at never make headway in India unless it Constantinople he never saw a dog; recognized caste. For three generabut the streets were cleaner than ever, tions Christian ideas have been proand men walked them with a new air mulgated and exemplified. To-day, among the loudest to proclaim that love touched him; he took off his caste is the curse of India are the Hindu charms, ate with our catechists Brahmans themselves. They openly (so breaking his caste), and has has tell the people that Christianity is right been with them ever since, reading in its contention that caste is an evil, God's Word and learning. When I and that it must be abolished. A num- asked him what drew him to Christ, ber of native organizations have laid he said: 'Our gods show kindness to down the principle that caste is a curse the "shadhus" (holy men), but the and can not be retained. So far as a Lord Christ to sinners, and I am a sinwide acceptance of the idea of the ner.' In the eyes of the Hindus he brotherhood of man is concerned, the was a 'shadhu,' for he was one with battle has already been won. It yet them in dress and ways." remains to overcome deep-seated prejudices and create a new social order Illiterates in the Orient to take the place of the old. The Christian Literature Society of Widowhood in India India is calling attention to the deplor- able illiteracy in the Far East. In the The figures are appalling in respect Indian Empire, it is stated that there of child marriages. The census of are 277,000,000, and in China 300,- 1901 showed 121,500 married boys, 000,000, who can not read and write and 243,500 married girls, whose age their own languages. This illiteracy was under five; 760,000 boys and is one of the greatest of all hinder- 2,030,000 girls between the ages of ances to the progress of the Gospel. five and ten; 2,540,000 and 6,585,000 They can not read, they can not think, between ten and fifteen. Of these, all they can not understand the teachings except a certain number of girls under of Christianity. In India, practically the last class were married before they all the women and girls are illiterate, were able to realize what marriage is. only one in ninety being able to read The most deplorable result of such and write.-American Messenger. marriages is seen in the number of widowed children; 6,000 widowers Government Aid for Mission Schools and 96,000 widows were less than five years of age; 37,000 widowers and In India everyone of our mission- 96,000 widows were between five and aries is receiving large and increasing ten; 113,000 widowers and 276,000 government grants in partial support widows between ten and fifteen. of every educational institution and school which can be maintained at the A "Holy Man" Says He i. "A Sinner" level required. Our tremendous school system in Ceylon of more than ten Writing in India's Women and Chi- thousand pupils is carried on practina's Daughters on work in Krishnagar cally at government expense. The inand district, Miss Janet T. Sharpe spectors are among the most cordial says:- "With our catechists is a young visitors to our colleges, and their man, a Hindu, desiring to be a Chris- standards are in every case just. Retian. In November, at the time of the call also that Mr. D. C. Churchill is fair at Nadiya, this man took a tract carrying on his experiments and invenfrom our Bible women who were tions on his new hand-loom subsidized speaking to the numerous pilgrims. by the Government of India.-Ameri- He bought a Gospel, and as he still can Board Bulletin. went on following them, our women said: 'If you wish to know more we Baptisms hy the Thousand will take you to our catechists who are here'; and this they did. For six Bishop Warne writes of his return years this young man had been visit- from a tour in the Northwest India ing all the holy places of the Hindus, Conference, where he baptized 700 and so at this time had come to Na- persons "near Delhi." Two thoudiya. The simple Gospel message of sand fnore were ready for baptism in the same region. The significance ?f the location is better realized when Hinduism Bestirring Itself one remembers that Delhi was the capital of the old Mogul Empire, and Rev. W. E. S. Holland of Allastill holds within its walls the greatest habad recently wrote to The Church Mohammedan mosque in India. Del- Missionary Society Gazette: "Most hi was one of the three cities which significant of all is the first 'Ghuddi' figured as centers in the Sepoy Mu- ('purification') Conference-to continy. sider the admission of non-Hindus and of the outcastes to Hinduism, and An Incident in Census-taking the readmission of repentant converts. Till this present moment it has been M akhzan-i-Masihi gives the follow- neither possible nor desired that a ing story of intimidation regarding non-Hindu or a lapsed Hindu should census operations: "In one village the join or rej oin the Hindu fold. But Christians were told that if they en- the Christian propaganda has awaktered their names as Christians they ened Hinduism to the fact that it must would be drafted as coolies to go to be missionary or die. The most amazan island of the sea-perhaps British ing thing is the new-born desire to lift Guiana-and as one of their number the outcastes, numbering 60,000,000 in a year or two ago disappeared mys- India, lest they should be driven into teriously and is supposed to have been the fold of Christianity or Islam. Ressent as a coolie to some distant island, olutions I and 2 run: 'That in this report of the deportation of all the opinion of this Conference it is the Christians of this village to this necessary and desirable (I) that the far-away island is readily believed. It deprest classes throughout India be is by reports of this kind, as well as in raised socially, spiritually, mentally other ways, the attempt is made to and morally, and that steps be taken frighten these poor villagers into a for the achievement of this end; (2) denial of their being disciples of to admit to the fold of Hinduism those Christ." who desire it, after the performance of Prayas-chitta (penance, including Hindu Idea of Religion the eating and drinking of the five products of the cow) and Homa.' Sir Monier Williams tells how he Truly, Hinduism is fighting in its last met in India an intelligent Sikh from lines of defense!" the Punjab, and asked him about his religion. He replied; "1 believe in A Colony of Sturdy Chrilltians one God, and I repeat my prayers, The Indian Witness describes a called Japji, every morning and eve- Christian colony in the Punjab some 90 miles from Lahore. Because of ning. These prayers occupy six pages congestion of population, Christian of print, but I can get through them natives petitioned the Government for in a little more than ten minutes. I a grant of jungle land near the great have made one pilgrimage to a holy canal of the Chenab. Four thousand well near Amritsar. Eighty-five steps acres were turned over to them on lead down to it. I descended and which nearly 2,000 men, women and bathed in the sacred pool, then I as- children are now settled. The jungle cended one step, and repeated my has been all cleared, wells dug, houses, ]apji in about ten minutes. Then I schools, post-office and a stately descended again to the pool and bathed church built. The farmers assess again, and ascended to the second step, themselves to support a pastor and school-teachers and have established and repeated my Japj i a second time. a mission to evangelize the heathen villages in the neighborhood. The re- Then I descended a third time and ligious guidance of this community is bathed, and ascended to the third step; in the hands of American and Scotch and so on for the whole 85 steps, 85 Presbyterian missions. hathings, and 85 repetitions of the same prayers. It took me exactly 14 hours, from 5 P. M. one evening to 7 A. M. next morning." What the Bible Did for Them schools, hospitals and churches bene- fited by this memorial gift is 39. At a gathering of Indian Christian workers in Meerut testimonies were CHINA given to the benefits experienced in regular Bible study. All these testi- China and Opium monies refer to God's Word, which these Indian workers are pledged to According to recent news, an agreeread daily for at least one hour. ment has been practically reached be- tween the Chinese Foreign Office and "In it I hear the voice of Christ." Great Britain. The main points of "It presents to me the picture of my the agreement are: (I) That the im- Lord." portation of Indian opium shall cease "It is as sunlight to my soul." as soon as the cultivation of opium "It satisfies my spirit." ceases in China. (2) That in the "It purifies my heart." meanwhile the duty on imported opi- "It is to me the fountain of the water of um may be increased threefold. (3) life." That the accumulated stocks of Indian "It quenches my thirst." opium, amounting to about 20,000 "It is my food." chests, may be sold without a time "It is the living Word." limit, but that the Indian imports shall "It is my great teacher." be correspondingly decreased. China "It is to me the way to heaven." in the last three years has reduced her "It is my special friend." cultivation of opium by about 70 per "It is God's dwelling-place." cent. It is therefore almost certain "It is to me a bazaar of heavenly sup- that within the next two years, or plies." even less, the poppy will no longer be "It is God's letter of love to my spirit." grown in China, and that consequent- "It is the ship that carries me home." ly, in accordance with the projected "It is the touchstone of my soul." treaty, the lucrative traffic from India "It is my spiritual pasture." will automatically be brought to an "It is the spiritual garden of Eden." end. "It is my sword in warfare with sin and Satan." "It is a province of the heavenly kingdom."

Gifts from Siamese King Opium Smoking Forbidden The Government of Siam spent The following sentences are from four million ticals ($1,520,000) on an imperial edict recently issued at memorial presents, given out on the Peking: "Many, no doubt, have done recent cremation of His Majesty, the their best to carry out orders, but it is late king. The Siam and Laos mis- highly probable that others have acted sions were asked to state what they otherwise. If negligence is condoned would like for their churches, schools in this regard, opium smoking will and hospitals, and handsome presents never be stamped out. Therefore we were given, ranging in value from 50 again issue commands to the effect that in future in no region where ($19) to 500 ($190) ticals. A list poppy-growing has been stopt may was suggested for the institutions of replanting be resorted to, and persons the American Presbyterian mission, who have discontinued the habit may and these include pianos, honor desks, not again indulge. Viceroys and govclocks, microscopes, operating tables, ernors are to give strict warning in sterilizers, instrument cabinets and terms of the imperial orders to those electric batteries. In addition to the who have not yet ceased to smoke to above gifts, each school in the Siam quit the habit. There must be no deand Laos missions received a photo- lays allowed. District Magistrates graph of the late King of Siam. who are negligent and careless in car- rying out the orders of their superiors The gifts for the schools and will be heavily punished. The Tuchihchurches were selected by the king pu and the Minchengpu are hereby himself, and those for the hospitals ordered to make thorough investigawere selected by missionaries appointed by him. The total number of tions to follow up the matter in order tisms. It is nearly forty-six years to secure real results, and to show since Mr. Hudson Taylor yielded him- forth the desire of the Throne to erad- self to God, at Brighton, for the lead- icate this evil from the people." ership of this work, and forty-five A Stirring Appeal and the Response years since the sailing of the Lammer- muir party. During these years some Pastor Ding Li Mei, the first Chi- 36,500 Chinese have, in connection nese General Secretary of the Stu- with the work of the mission, publicly dent Volunteer Movement-a man of confest Christ in baptism. Of these "beautiful Christian character tried in 36,500, nearly 12,964 were baptized Boxer fires," with a radiant face-has during the thirty-five years which premade a twofold appeal to students ceded the Boxer crisis, and the reto give themselves to their country's maining 23,500 during the years which evangelization, first, for Christ's sake, have succeeded that baptism of blood. and, second, for China's sake. The The apparently barren years of plowresult has been remarkable. Says Dr. ing and of seed-sowing are now bring- Fenn: "For the Church in China this ing forth their harvest. "But," it was means the hastening of the day when asked, "should we not look for yet she will be self-supporting, self- greater things?" The average numpropagating, self-governing. For the ber of baptisms per annum for the last Church in America it means the great- ten years has been about 2,600. est challenge of the century. Who did not join in the prayer for native The Miaaionary'. Task laborers to go forth into that harvest? The missionary is the introducer of Did we mean it? Did we only antici- current Western standards. He inpate a few volunteers who could be structs his schoolboys respecting bathprovided for by the existing agencies; ing, spitting, the use of the handkerand are we staggered because God has chief, neatness of garb, the care of opened the windows of heaven and one's room, modesty in personal habpoured us out a blessing?" its. He teaches the people to clean Union in School Work house and yard, to whitewash the In Fuchau the representatives of walls of the home, to scour the floors three Boards have passed resolutions of the school-room or church. He ento unite their kindergarten work un- forces the duty of being humane to der one organization. This step will dumb animals, of rearing defective strengthen the influence of the educa- children, of educating daughters and tional work for children be securing c<.msuIting the wife.-Century Magabetter equipment and a larger force of zine.

teachers than the three societies could What It COlta to Be a Christian provide separately. The Methodists, Church of England and American The break of the genuine convert Board will thus be drawn closer to- with his past in China is far more gether in the common cause. Similar abrupt than anything with which we movements toward efficiency and econ- are familiar. He turns his back on omy are on foot in many foreign cen- opium, gambling and unchastity, the ters. besetting sins of his fellows. He abandons cheating, lying, back-biting, Work of the China Inland Mission quarreling and filthy language, which This society reports a total of 968 are all too rife among the undiscip- missionaries at the close of I9IO. To lined common people. He shuns liti- these are to be added no fewer than gation, of the ruin of the villager.

2,008 Chinese colleagues, 689 of whom By withdrawing from the festivals ill are either self-supporting or are sup- . the ancestral hall and from the rites ported by the Chinese Church. The at the graves of his ancestors, he sun- reports for I9IO, so far as they are ders himself from his clan and incurs yet to hand, tell of some 2,832 bap- persecution. Thus, the converts be-

come separatists, with the merits and decidedly noisy. Occasionally a little defects of separatists. Cut off from urchin sits cross-legged on the corner the world and thrown on one another, of the pulpit platform, or plays on they form a group apart, a body of the floor way down front, or perhaps Puritans that will one day be a pre- stands meditatively gazing at the forcious nucleus of moral regeneration eigner. The doors and windows are for China.-Century Magazine. wide open and we do not suffer from bad air. Dogs and sometimes a sheep Chinese Students Becoming Christians wander in, but more important are the stray listeners who are attracted by The conspicuous feature of Epiph- the music or the sound of the preachany this year is the change in atti- er's voice. tude toward Christianity on the part of thinking men and students in col- How One Chinese Christian Gives leges. Some seven or eight hundred asked for admission tickets to Boone A wealthy official was lately bapon Christmas day, to a religious meet- tized by Ding Lee May in Tientsin, ing for telling the meaning of Chris- the city which Yuan Shi Kai made tianity. It was an unheard-of thing a model of municipal government. Afin these parts. On top of all the news ter his conversion he gave 20,000 taels has just come that the most brilliant (about $14,0(0) to the Y. M. C. A., student ever in Boone University, who and proposes to give IO,ooo taels yearwill take his degree this Chinese New ly for the support of twenty of the Year, a son of a great, learned and best preachers he can find. He also wealthy family, has just come out has land in Manchuria upon which he openly, declared his faith in Christ and plans to settle, free of charge, all asked to be prepared for baptism. He Christians who apply. is a man for whom we have prayed for years. Each year Boone men Poppy Culture Greatly Diminished are more highly qualified for future work, but this reaches the top notch Bishop Bashford writes home: "The so far, and, with any opening he cultivation of the poppy has practically chooses before him, he has decided to ceased in six of the twelve original become a Christian. But he accepts a comparatively low salary at Boone, provinces. Edwin J. Dingle, in a letand promises to teach there for two years.-Spirit of Missions. ter to the Shanghai Times, declares that in a journey of over 2,000 miles How Chinese Behave in Meeting in Yunnan, recently, he saw not more than IOO acres of poppies growing. Rev. E. D. Kellogg writes in the In Kweichow, the sister province of Missionary Herald from Shao-win: Yunnan, the conditions are very simi- lar to these in Kansuh. When Mrs. In these Chinese chapels there is Bashford and I first visited the Szeshown more of the social spirit than chuen province in 1905, we saw about is often found in churches at home. one-third of the arable land devoted The day at the worship hall is looked to the poppy, and were told that from forward to very eagerly by the regu- 60 to 70 per cent. of the men were lar attendants. Most everybody brings using opium-perhaps 25 per cent. of his hymn book, also his New Testa- them to excess-and that from IO to ment, and takes part in the service. IS per cent. of the women were also The worshipers are quite unconven- using the drug. These observations tional in their conduct; they move in a province numbering some 69,000,- around more or less, talk occasionally 000 people, were the most discouraif they so desire, and take such posi- ging facts we have ever seen in the tions on the benches as best suit their empire. But when I passed through bodily comfort. The children move the Szechuen province in I9IO, I travabout quite at will, and are sometimes eled during the same season of the year over all the territory we had

MISSIONARY

covered in a thirty days' trip in 1905, structed all their minor officials to do and traversed considerable additional all they can to strengthen all religions territory, and where we saw one-third among the people. Temples and shrines of the cultivated land devoted to the are to be protected, and valuable lands, poppy five years ago, I did not see a occupied by shrines, which were to single poppy growing." have been taken by the government, are to revert to their old uses and JAPAN the old and new gods are to be honored. The authorities have con- A Half-century of Progreas duded that law without religion is powerless to create and hold men to It is difficult to believe that two high ideals, and therefore the cry is generations ago Japan was even more to be "Back to the gods." Christian completely closed to Western influ- missions will share mental protection, ence than was China. She was then and with the growth of Christian unity under a feudal form of government, there is a better opportunity to make divided into clans. Those of the war- Japan a Christian nation. rior clan, the Samurai, were intensely devoted to their lords and jealous of A Japanese on Korea'. Future other clans. The rights of the common people were greatly restricted. Dr. M. Monda, a former professor One policy was chiefly enforced-ex- in the Imperial University at Tokyo, clusion of the foreigner and of foreign says: "It is well known that the Chriscustoms. No Japanese was permitted tian missionaries in Korea had the to leave the country, and any who positive assurance both of the late escaped were not permitted to return. Prince Ito and the present Governor- Not until 1868 did a revolution make General, Viscount Terauchi, that it is the emperor actual as well as nominal the settled policy of Japan to secure head of the nation. In 1871 the feud- a harmonious cooperation of the spirial lords voluntarily surrendered their tual uplifting of the people and of rule, and, at the advice of a mission- their political reform. Foreign religary, an embassy was sent to Western ions have experienced more or less lands to observe and report. This persecution only when they have intour led to the systematic appropria- terfered or threatened to interfere tion of Western ideals, culminating with the political stability of the nain a constitutional government, pro- tion. So long as the Korean Christians claimed in 1889. Since then Japan try to better their general condition has proved herself; in some respects, through individual regeneration, the the most brilliant nation in the world. Government is sure to protect and She has achieved greater progress in even to encourage them in their faith. one generation than any other coun- The appointment of Japanese Christry has achieved in two, if not in three tians to such important posts as the generations. She has gone to school Supreme Court judgeship and the dito the whole world, and has learned rector-generalship of the Peninsular her lessons with remarkable facility. Government sufficiently testifies to the sincerity of purpose of the Tokyo Anarchism and Religion in Japan authorities. Aside from this' fact, there is, too, an encouraging sign in Among other ideas from the West the moral standard of the Japanese the Japanese have imbibed anarchism, officials in Korea. and after a recent outbreak, 23 persons were executed. Some of the in- A Japanese Methodist of Note telligent Japanese see in these movements toward laxity, a sign of grow- Bishop Moore writes that Rev. Sening immorality and disloyalty. They nosuki Ogata is on his way to Amersee the need of stability and stronger ica. He is "presiding elder of Tokyo and higher religious faith. The Min- District, and Bishop Honda's succesister of Home Affairs and the Minis- sor as president of Aoyama Gakum, ter of Education have, therefore, inour great college in Tokyo. He was as encouraging as ever. "Peace preour first native missionary in Japan, vails throughout the country; moraland for all the years until the recent ity of the Japanese is improving rapidmodification of the imperial law held ly, and their attitude toward the in his own name all our valuable prop- Korean is undergoing a great change. erties in the empire. His diligence Missionaries are being well underand success as a missionary, and his stood, partly due to their good sense fidelity to his great trust were so and partly to the efforts of all officonspicuous that a few good friends cials and Christians. There is no deon this side tendered him a visit to nying that General Terauchi is the this country as an expression of high very man to govern this country, and appreciation. Doctor Ogata's history God is evidently making a good inis very interesting. He was born in strument of him in its bettering." Yedda, now Tokyo, in I854, of parents who were Buddhists, but who also be- The Amazing Growth of Two Years lieved in Shintoism. He was brought up to worship Buddha, and many dei- Two years ago a station was opened ties of Shinto as well. When he was by the Presbyterians in the Chung J u nineteen he came to San Francisco, field, which contains 300,000 people. in 1874, when there were all told not There are already 65 churches and more than a hundred Japanese in this meeting-places, with 272 full memcountry. He had never heard the Gos- bers, 265 catechumens, 9 day-schools pel nor read the Bible. Dr. Otis Gib- with 162 boys and 29 girls attending. son was working among the Chinese The whole church attends Sundayin that city, and was able to interest school, which has 22 classes. The men a few Japanese also, among whom was meet first, then go home and take care Ogata, and to lead them to Christ. Be- of the children while the women go to ing much interested in him, Doctor their classes. Gibson induced him to enter De Pauw University in 1880." Zeal for Bible Study KOREA Rev. Walter C. Erdman wrote re- centlv from Taiku: "There are be- Not a Million, But Every One tweeil 500 and 600 men enrolled, in addition to many who are not taking Following the "million-souls-for- the full course. These men are in Jesus" campaign in Korea a new here for ten days at their own exmovement has been launched at Seoul, pense, bringing their own rice in sacks, with the watchword, "Not only a mil- for the sole purpose of studying the lion souls for Jesus, but the whole Bible. No other attraction is offered land for Jesus." Several hundred spe- or expected. We have begun a period cial workers opened this campaign last of studies covering ten such annual ·October. These were divided into 350 classes. At the close of the class those teams, two in each team, whose work who have studied throughout the enis to go from house to house preach- tire time are given certificates which ing the Gospel and enrolling seekers. entitle them to enter the next higher In three weeks 10,000 were enrolled. class next year. It is expected to make this work cover the land. Gathering the Shea,,ea A Good Report From Korea Rev. W. R. Harrison writes to The Christian Observer: "An itinerary of A former chief clerk in the Bible 21 days through Kangjin and Chang- House at Yokohama, Mr. T. Hasha- hung counties covered 180 miles, 30 na, now holding a responsible position miles by boat, 30 by pony, and 120 on in the Bank of Korea at Seoul, writes foot. There were the itinerator's usual to Rev. Henry Loomis, the American experiences-the buoyant mornings, Bible Society's representative in Ja- the weary evenings, joy over triumpan, that Christian work in Korea is phant faith, sorrow over besetting sins, and the weaknesses of the flesh. tic woman who Christ was and re- Twelve groups were visited and their ceived the reply, "Perhaps the Sultan work reviewed. Sunday-schools were of Turkey." A colporteur asked a organized, officers appointed, appli- Coptic Christian, "Who created you?"

cants examined, and the sacraments "God," was the answer. "Who re- and discipline administered. Of 174 deemed you?" "I don't understand."

applicants 100 were received as cate- "Who saved you from your sins?" "I chumens, 15 were rejected, 26 were have no sins. I am a plain man who retained as catechumens, and 33 were works daytime in the fields and at baptized. Since the annual meeting night returns home. I have never the total examinations are 567, bap- sinned." "But don't you know of tisms, 86." Christ?" "No, He has never been to A Mis.ionary Church our village." The Coptic priests are, as a rule, The church at Syenchun has chosen a missionary of its own, and pays his opponents of the excellent schools of salary and supports him fully, build- the American Presbyterian Missiori. ing his house, etc. This is in addition They threaten young people who go to their own Korean pastor, whose there with excommunication. When salary they fully pay. it was objected that these Protestants were, at least, better than Mohamme- Korean Christian. a. Giver. dans, the reply came: Our Korean Church has been giv- "I don't know. When a dozen dogs are after you, you can't say that one of ing most freely for the support of the them is better than another." Church. These gifts have increased at the rate of 85 per cent. per year for Their worship is a monotonous, the past five years, until last year it hour-long, singsong in Coptic (for 900 gave $88,857. This amount of money years a dead language), with innumfrom them in their poverty is the erable repetitions of the "Kyrie Elei- son." The lighting of candles plays equivalent of our giving $200,087. a great role here, as in the other East- While the church-membership in Ko- ern churches. A German traveler comrea has increased 1,072 per cent. dur- ments on the striking uncleanness of ing the past ten years, our contribu- the priestly garments on which the tions to their evangelization have in- drippings of candles appear with other creased but 120 per cent., and the grease. number of efficient evangelistic missionaries on the field had increased In short, a poor, disordered, cor- rupted remnant of the old church of from six in 1900 to nine in Septem- Egypt, and yet one which has held to ber, 1910. the name of Christ through twelve NORTH AFRICA centuries of persecution. If it would Reform in the Coptic Church but let other more privileged Chris- One of the hopeful signs of the tians help its people!

times in Egypt is that the young Copts What a Moslem Girl Should Know are organizing a Coptic branch of the Misr-EI-Fatat, a Mohammedan pa- British and Foreign Bible Society, and per, gives a dissertation on the kind hope to bring about reforms in wor- of education a girl of Egypt needs.

ship, doctrine and practise. It needs That is a far-reaching admission, as reforming, says the Record of Chris- heretofore it was not considered a tian Work. The Coptic teaching is that Mohammedan woman was at all in infants dying unbaptized are blind in need of learning. Teachers must be the next life. This extraordinary dog- Egyptian or Turkish. Male teachers ma is based on the text, "Except a man must be fifty years old or more. Girls be born from above he can not see the may enter at the age of five and leave kingdom of God." A worker in the at twelve. Arithmetic in its rudiments English Church Mission asked a Cop- is enough of that branch. Geography is unnecessary, for when a woman Pinetouri: "I can scare away the travels she has her husband or other devil without learning Portuguese." male relative with her. They may study or read the biographies of good Tizore N avess : "People could not women only. They must read all the be saved unless God had given a part passages of the Koran pertaining to of Himself." women. They must learn house-work, cooking (Ii la Turc) , washing and Muti Sikobele: "To teach our chilsimilar things. dren that they must learn, we must first learn ourselves."-Christian Ad- EAST AFRICA vocate.

Lepers in GermaD East Afric:a By Motor Car in Uganda During the past years the German Dr. and Mrs. A. R. Cook paid a visit Government has paid especial atten- to Toro in November, traveling most tion to the lepers within the interior of the way by motor! It was not of German East Africa. It has quite so luxurious, however, as it opened several asylums for them, sounds. The vehicle weighed over which were placed under the care· of two tons, and carried half a ton of the Berlin and the Moravian mission- cargo, and its rate of progress when aries. At first the lepers were suspi- everything was working at its best was cious and refused to use the asylums, eight miles an hour. Their adventures but now they throng them, so that the with the motor, the lovely flower-blos- German Government has been forced soms and butterflies, and the wonderto increase their number considerably. ful views of Ruwenzori were all en- Leprosy in German East Africa is' so joyable; but chiefly so were the signs common that five out of every thou- of progress at the mission stations sand inhabitants are lepers, a fearfully passed en route, at Mityana, with its large percentage. flourishing schools, football ground and swimming bath, and the new brick Native Miuionary Aphorisms church rapidly approaching comple- tion, and at Butiti. At Kabarole they Most interesting is it to note how called on King Daudi Kasagama and naively and pointedly some of the were most cordially received by him converts in the East African mission and his noble-hearted Christian wife, at Inhambane speak of Christianity. Damili.-Church Missionary Review. We cull a few sentiments from a printed calendar from that far-away WEST AFRICA country: "A Mosque in Almost Every Street" Fazenda says: "The missionaries have come and they have divided In order to encourage reading themselves to the people." among the African mission agents, Mr. 'vV. J. Payne, assistant manager William Chabela: "I shall work of the Lagos Book-shop, started a for the Lord and keep on digging." small lending-library at Ijebu Ode. He writes: "Islam is making rapid Paulusi Massinga: "0 Lord, make progress in the Jebu country. When us drunk with the Holy Spirit." Christian work was first started there were not Mohammedans there at all, J aketi Kolesi: "Consenting to sin but now they number thousands. The in your heart ? None of that for the muezzin (an official attached to a members of our church." mosque, whose business it is to call 'the faith ful' to prayer) can be heard Jina Mabunda: "0 Lord, I pray in practically every little village; thee that we may soon have stations while in the town of Ijebu Ode itself as close as ten hours to each other." there is a mosque in almost every street. It is, therefore, very neces- JosefaXalufu : "I wish that I had sary that the Christian workers should five hours in which to preach, for I know something about Mohammedanhave much to say."

Paule Xilalelo: "The missionaries have come and they have put clay on our eyes and now we see." ism, and that they should stir up their dren to sing them. One can not but people to more aggressive work among admire the results of his teaching. It the followers of the False Prophet." is an extraordinary sight, that of a -C. M. S. Gazette. king, himself still heathen, who is giv- Confirmations and Baptisms ing Christian religious instruction."

Early this year Bishop Walmsley A Model African Kin~ spent six weeks in visiting the Mis- A Methodist missionary writes from sions of the Sierra Leone Church in Angola: "The Christian village of the Protectorate. Previous to his visit Hombo is a proof of the power of he held several confirmations in and the Gospel. At daybreak every morn- around Freetown as well as in the ing the horn is blown and the people mission districts. The Bishop writes: assemble at the king's house to hear "Perhaps the most interesting con- the Word of God read, and to praise firmation service was at St. John's, and pray. Witchcraft and supersti- Brookfields, where 45 of the Kroo tion have fallen under the power of people, who had been baptized by the Gospel, and the heathen are taking Bishop Elwin, were confirmed. I bap- knowledge of it. The native church tized on Holy Innocents' Day 119 of at Loanda contributes $17 a month the people at St. John's Church. Their for the support of native workers on earnestness seems wonderful. They a native station in the interior of need our prayers that they may have Angola."

a fuller and more capable supply of SOUTH AFRICA teachers, and that they may become New Attitude of Government missionaries along the coast. I met one of them the other day-a fine Rev. F. R. Bunker writes from Na- man, who had met me on my first tal after his first tour of inspection, landing, and he told me he was thank- that the Government's attitude is most ful to have five weeks at home from unprecedented. The superintendent sea that he might help with transla- of education and the government offi- tion work. On the festival of the cials have been extremely cordial, and Epiphany we had a largely attended one inspector writes : "You and I will and most interesting service at the work ih perfect harmony. The future Cathedral, when 25, some Kroos and is our own if we will only work to- some Temnes, were baptized. It is gether. I would like you now to feel hard to conduct a service in three lan- that I wish to be your coworker, one guages."-C. M. S. Gazette. that you can write and speak to just A Royal Mission Helper as it is in your mind. I shall always be prepared to talk over difficulties Vriting from the Gold Coast, Mis- and new schemes with you in the fusionary Schwartz, of the Basle Soci- ture." This man was once opposed to ety, says: "King Njoya might be missionary work. It should be recalled the most influential missionary membered that the Government of of all the interior. He is himself Natal is paying Mr. Bunker's salary, building a great school for his 500 and the hundred or more teachers who pupils. I have been working for a are under him. In short, we have week at making him doors and win- the privilege of conducting Christian dows, and had to make the plan of schools with the truest spiritual mothe building in order that the doors tive while the Natal Government pays and, windows might fit exactly. N j oya the biIls.-American Board Bulletin. is enchanted with his educational pal- After Thirty·six Years ace, and has given me twenty-five logs for our station. He teaches the school In the thirty-six years of its work himself, relates and dictates Bible the one station has grown to be eight.

stories to the children, composes and the native stations, at which edu- Christian hymns and teaches the chil- cational and evang-eIistic operations are carried on, now number 563; while native pastors separately for the same the schools (which are potent means time, after which the two bodies sat of evangelization) have reached the together. The Sunday following was high figure of 661, with over 1,200 missionary day in all the city's teachers and (in 1909) over 58,000 churches, with a missionary massscholars, being about 57 per cent. of meeting in the town hall in the evenall the pupils in the United Free ing. On July 1st and 2nd were held Church mission schools in all her mis- interdenominational evangelistic consion fields. There are eight congre- ventions for natives in six mission stagations with nearly 8,000 communi- tions, each covering a large section and cants, and as many catechumens. In under a different society. Then, in 1909, the adult baptisms numbered Durban, there was a native industrial 1,751. There were over 24,000 pa- exhibit, and the celebration closed on tients treated.-Livingstonia To-day. July 4th, with a public meeting, over which Lord Gladstone, the Governor- A Boer Missionary Training Sehool General, presided. The spirit which the societies and the white and native The Stofberg Missionary Training Christians ·showed toward the event School of the Transvaal Boers sends was hopeful for the fulfilment of the out its students two by two, as the prayers of the leaders, for great spiriseventy were sent out, to preach in tual awakening, for unity in aim and surrounding hamlets and kraals. Some work between native leaders and misof them go to the Johannesburg com- sionaries, and for a greater public inpounds, where 200,000 heathen are terest in the evangelization of the naengaged in gold-mining operations. tives. These blacks stream hither from all parts of South Africa. Men convert- Livingltonia Liberality ed on the compounds return to the remotest regions of Central Africa. As The liberality of the people is steadthe population in the mines changes ily growing. They build all their own constantly there is here an incompara- schools and churches, some of which ble opportunity for evangelizing work. are handsome structures. Most of the miners are raw savages, with combs, feathers, mustard spoons In 1909 the school and medical fees and what not stuck in their hair for and church collections amounted to ornament, and wearing at times such :£790, being more than one-third of the combinations of clothing as loin cloths local expenses of the work carried on. and broken silk hats. Since the mission began, 67,000 copies of the New Testament and Scripture Diamond Jubilee for the Zulu Missions portions have been bought by the peo- ple.-Livingstonia To-day. The seventy-fifth anniversary of the coming of the Gospel to the Zulus AMERICA through the founding of the Zulu Mission of the American Board is cele- I. the Abolition of War at Hand? brated this month. Other European and American societies have since es- The preliminary draft of the protablished work there, but the American posed arbitration treaty has been sub- Board planned the celebration as a mitted not only to Great Britain, but union movement. The Natal Mission- also to France. A great step in adary Conference, representing most of vance is the omission from the treaty the societies at work in the colony, of the exception of "questions of vital opened the proceedings by a three interest and national honor," all disdays' conference at Maritzburg. The putes being hereafter possible subjects leading thought of the gathering was of arbitration. Regular diplomatic cooperation. The white missionaries negotiations are to be used for all met together for two days, and the questions; and if these fail, questions which are clearly arbitrable will go to the Hague Tribunal; and if there is a missions or any organization connectdoubt whether the question should be ed with them. They could really borarbitrated, a commission, consisting of row money on it." the national representative of both countries at the Hague, will consider A Good Year for Missions the matter, and if they decide in favor of arbitration the matter will be ar- The Southern Baptist Society rebitrated. Our country reserves to the ports: "There were 3,618 baptisms United States Senate final decision on for the year, the largest number in the this last point. history of the Board. Thirty new missionaries were sent out. The The World on Tour brother who sent out the ten mis- sionaries agrees to support them for "The World in Boston" outdid its another year. There are now 273 London prototype. The estimated at- missionaries and 521 native helpers. tendance was 375,000, and instead of The nine theological training schools facing a deficjency of $7,500, the Bos- for women have an enrolment of 350, ton management made both ends lap who are being prepared to labor over. Early next autumn the city of among their own people. More than Providence will have a similar exhibit 40,000 patients have received treatof Oriental missions. In March, 1912, ment in our hospitals. The debt of . Cincinnati expects to reproduce the $89,600 is the only depressing feature entire show, as will Chicago in the of the report." following spring. Toronto, Buffalo, Cleveland, . Kansas City and Saint A Large Presbyterian Reenforcement Louis are considering the desirability of adopting "the World." The Mis- A few weeks since the secretaries sionary Exposition Company will have held a session with nearly a hundred general charge in all cities. A. M. about to sail for their fields: 35 for Gardener, the successful manager of China, 16 for India, 13 for Africa, 10 the World in Boston, is general secre- for Persia, 9 for Korea, 5 for the tary, and his capable helpers, H. D. Philippines, 4 for Mexico, 4 for South Cotton and F. W. Harold, retain their America, 2 for Japan, 3 for Laos, 2 important functions on his staff. for Syria, 2 for Guatemala, one for Siam, and some unassigned. Surely A Secular Paper on Mi.sions this is a world-wide assignment. Choice young men and women are In a recent issue of the Boston these; carefully selected and hand- Transcript appeared an editorial upon picked; accepted after long years of the subject of gifts for foreign mis- consecrated effort to make the best sions. It was called forth by the wills preparation possible; coming from of the late Mrs. Worthington, widow Christian homes and Christian colleges of the Bishop of Nebraska, and of and theological seminaries. Miss Sarah Sage, both of whom gave the bulk of their property to organized United Presbyterian Missions charity and missionary work. "When people get ready to die," says the edi- Dr. Watson, the mission secretary, tor, "they really do some prettY'seri- reports: The membership of the ous thinking, even if it is the first time Church in Egypt, India and the Sudan in their lives. They mean to do good is now 35,000, which equals the memwith their money if they can find the bership of the Church in this country right thing to do. Recently the for- west of the Mississippi~ Over 30,000 eign mission field for bequests has students are in the mission schools. seemed to attract many wealthy men In Egypt alone one-sixth of the total and women. Such a preference is de- number of schools recognized by the cidedly flattering. It is a sort of in- British Government and one-tenth of dorsement, a guarantee, and it be- the enrolment of the schools are in comes a splendid asset for foreign the American mission.

The evangelistic work is in charge of 132 missionaries, and the mission In the Nadroga Circuit 800 houses plants have an aggregate value of were blown down or badly damaged, $3,000,000. The medical work is and £30,000 worth of bananas were conducted in six hospitals and 14 dis- destroyed. In Lomaiviti Circuit one pensaries, and last year 200,000 lives of the largest towns had but two were touched by this work. Attention houses standing "after four hours of was called to the increasing spirit of fury," and so the story might be coninquiry among Mohammedans and the tinued. Every place visited by this great evangelistic work of the native destructive blast could tell its own Indian church. In India alone last record of awful wreck and severe priyear 3,101 converts were received on vation. profession of faith, an increase of 14 per cent. OBITUARY NOTES THE OCEAN WORLD Benjamin BroomhaIl, of London Methodism in the South Pacific One of the early friends and co- workers of Rev. J. Hudson Taylor in Says the A ustralasian Methodist the early days of the China Inland Missionary Review for May: "The Mission, Mr. Benjamin Broomhall, following are the latest statistics of has recently fallen asleep (June 5th), our island missions, showing the great at the age of eighty-one. Mr. Broomharvest gathered from that first seed hall was born in 1829, and married a sowing in Tonga in r822: sister of Hudson Taylor. He saw the work of the China Inland Mission de- Churches …………………………. 1,195 velop from the day when there were Other Preaching Places ….•.. …….••• 739 only 38 members, to the time, twenty years later, when there were 630. He IVlissionaries ….•••….•..•……..••..• 37 was general secretary from February, 5 1879, to April, 1895. He made his Lay Missionaries …………………… home in London a rest house for many missionaries, and five members of his lfissionary SiSll:fS …………….•…..• 22 family devoted their lives to mission- ary work. In character and service Native MInisters …………………..• 106 Mr. Broomhall was a true servant of God. Catechists …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Teachers ………………………..•.• 1,294 John B. Sleman, Jr., of Washington Efacs~ll:~~~~:r.s. : ::: :: : :: : :: : :: ::: ::: :: :: ~:m John B. Sleman, Jr., died at Clifton Springs, N. Y., on July I, as a result English Members …… ________ .. __ ….. _ 101 of a nervous breakdown some months ago. Mr. Slemdn was born in Wash- Native Members ……………………. 40,762 ington' D. c., in 1874, and early Native Members on Trial. . . . . .. .. . … .. .• 6,687 showed a warm interest in the many Catechumens ……..•………………. 12,883 plans for social uplift and religious Sunday-schools ………….. _… _. . . . . • • 1,426 work. In r898 he became general secretary of the Washington Young Sunday-school Teachers ……………… 2,826 Men's Christian Association, and in Sunday-school Scholars …………..•… 34,801 eighteen months raised the member- Day Schools………………………. 1,411 ship from 164 to nearly 2,000. He is Day School Teachers _.. .. . .. . .. . .. … .. .• 2,416 widely known as one of the originators Day School Scholars _…… _. __ . ___ . _. _.. 28,915 and promoters of the Laymen's Mis- sionary Movement, about four years Attendants on Public Worship ………… 142,516 ago. He was an earnest, active Chris- tian worker, and his loss will be keenly These figures do not include those felt. of the Methodist Church in Tonga, which is an independent District of the Methodist Church.

A Hurricane in Fiji On the night of March 24 and the day following a devastating hurricane smote a large portion of Fiji, destroying houses, churches and food plantations, and consequently the work in the parts affected has been hindered and disturbed in all its departments. It was with great difficulty and expense that the institutions at Davuilevu were kept going, the whole of their food plantations having been destroyed. In the Rewa Circuit 77 churches were wrecked, and 83 teachers' houses were "blown to ribbons."

THE MISSIONARY

A CHINESE ApPEAL TO CHRISTENDOM CON- alistic propaganda as it is being fur- CERNING CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. By Lin thered in the Far East by the associa- Shao-yang. 8vo. $2.50, net. G. P. tion's periodical, Junri, "Rationalist," Putnam's Sons. New York and Lon- and by the heated streams of quesdon. 1911. tionable "facts" found in the columns As "Letters from a Chinese Of- of a number of Japan's English and ficial," which created so great a sen- vernacular journals, one can well un- sation six years ago, proved to be derstand that a twofold objective is written by an English anti-missionary being served by the volume, that of pen, the authorship of. the present vol- discrediting the missionary enterprise ume is naturally questlOned. Its fault- at home, while at the same time fur- less English, without a suspicion .of nishing New China and New Japan Chinese idiom or mode of thought, Its with an enticing arsenal of anti-Chris- breadth of view, the author's familiar- tian and anti-missionary ammunition.

ity with certain special lines of West- Two b(ites noire receiving marked ern literature, the wide range of gen- attention are the policy of the China eralliterature in more than one tongue, Inland Mission, and at the other that is quoted from, and other less pole, the Hankow Christian University important items militate against its scheme-both of them exceptional va- purported Chinese authorship. So rieties of service which can be easily many other marks of verisimiltude are justified before the public, and yet noted by American Chinese students both of them far from representative that despite the internal evidences of the main work of Christian mis- just' named, they feel certain that it is sions in China. Other items of criti- the product of one of their own nation- cism are either the usual points of ra- ality having the same surname as that tionalistic attack, such as emotional found on the title page; and they con- religion, Christian demonDlogy, hell fidently locate his residence in a promi- and the damnation of the heathen- nent European legation, and point to strange to' say, the authDr does not articles of his having a similar trend. object personally to the word heathen The prevalent view in China itself -prayer, faith, and science, and "Re- would seem to be voiced by the editor ligion, Magic and Word Spells," or of the Shanghai Times, who says: else matters which are growingly dis': "Mr. Lin Shao-yang is undoubtedly cust by the missionaries themselves.

some foreigner who has lived for a The latter class of topics includes ques- number of years in China, or who tions affecting the missionary's atti- has been intimately associated with tude toward the native religions, Chinese interests in England, but he is sometimes verging upon Christian in- not Chinese. The attempts to bolster tolerance and often displaying absolute up the arguments .of the book by r~p­ lack of tact, the relation of mission- resenting them to Issue from the mmd aries to the magistrates when re- of an intelligent Chinese reflects little ligious persecutions arise, the difficult credit upon the Rationalist press." problem of Sunday observance, and The point of view of the writer is the introduction of certain elements made evident by the fact that the of Occidental belief and expression English edition bears upon its title- which are not likely to become page the name of the Rationalist Press naturalized. Mr. "Lin" says on Association as its sponsor, while the this last point: "Offer an alien race American publishers print as a sort the boon of a great ideal, and if the of note of triumph upon its enclosing boon is accepted at all, you need have wrapper, "It is a brilliant arraign- no fear but that its new possessors ment of the illogical attitude of the wiIl give it fitting expression in terms Church in trying to force upon the of their own religious or artistic in- East beliefs which the Christian world stincts. Let China have a share of has outgrown." When one recalls the Christ if you will, but let the Chinese special campaign of this same Ration- construct their own Christology."

It should be further said that the ity. Missionaries will go to the most author writes in a way to give as little inaccessible places, will brave danger- offense as possible to the reader, even ous climates and savage men, but they going so far as to laud the work of find it impossible, except by patient missionaries and to commend the mod- waiting and )Jrayer. to enter fields ern views prevalent in some quarters where strong governments refuse per- to-day. Indeed, an English reviewer mission to enter.

regards the volume as a presentation The strategic importance of some of modernism in its relation to Chi- of these fields is shown by Dr. Zwe- nese miSSions. There is much food mer, and the "Glory of the Impossible"

for thought in some of the positions is held up as an inspiring achieve- taken, and it reveals to the Christian ment.

public in a very vivid way the objec- The book is full of natural informa- tions which Christianity has to meet tion, interest and inspiration. It makes in newly awakened nations. If read an ideal text-book for young people's by a well-balanced, fully-informed man, classes.

it can do the cause no harm; as read and quoted by those with antipathies STUDIES IN THE EVANGELIZATION OF SOUTH for Christian missions, it will occasion much loss of what little interest they AFRICA. By G. B. A. Gerdener. 12mo. 212 pp. 2s. 6d. Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1911.

may have previously felt. South Africa is sometimes counted THE UNOCCUPIED MISSION FrELDS OF AFRICA a Christian Idnd, and there are many AND ASIA. By Rev. S. M. Zwemer, professing Christians there among the D.D., F.R.G.S. Maps and illustrations. British and Boers, but there is still 8vo. 260 pp. $1.25. Student Volun- there an immense unfinished taskteer Movement, New York, 1911. and a difficult one. The South Afri- This volume, like the latest book by can missionary situation presents com- John R. Mott, is the outcome of plex problems, and even students of studies connected with the report of missions do not generally understand Commission Number One of the Edin- the difficulties that this field presents.

burgh Missionary Conference. Dr. Some of these come from the pres- Zwemer gives us the result of careful ence of the Briton and politcal prob- study and wide correspondence. The lems, others come from the presence hearts of two continents are still prac- of the Boer and social problems, others tically unoccupied by messengers of come from the Africans themselves the Gospel. Indeed, the same thing is (native and foreign), and the religious true of a third continent, for the cen- problems, while still others come from ter of South America is also in dark- the presence of foreigners in general, ness. Dr. Zwemer describes the con- and commercial problems.

ditions in the great unoccupied fields Mr. Gerdener, who is an able, wide- like Siberia, Mongolia, Turkestan, awake writer, is the general secretary Tibet, Afghanistan, the Sudan, North- of the Students' Christian Association ern Nigeria, Abyssinia, and Arabia. of South Africa. He gives us a c1ear- He then takes up the smaller fields, cut view of the situation, and seeks to like Malaysia, Vvestern Sumatra, the stimulate further systematic study. The Barbary States, and parts of India, Edinburgh Conference declared that China and Central Africa. the "crucial question is simply whether The reasons why these fields are still the missionary bodies at work in South unoccupied are manifold-physical re- Africa will readjust their operations moteness, political opposition, religious so as to secure an effective occupation barriers, climatic conditions, and sav- of the whole field." The question is age hostility. The greatest, most in- how to make the occupation effective.

surmountable obstacles are, however, Mr. Gerdener first considers the those imposed by men whose political question of the native and his need of or religious poltcv noposes Olristian- evangelization, then the present state

of ferment in South Africa, and the WITH CHRIST IN RUSSIA. By Robert S Ethiopian movement; he discusses the Latimer. 12mo. 238 pp. $1.25. Hod: status of the natives, legally and spiri- der & Stoughton, New York and Lontually, and shows what is needed to don, 1911. finish the task of evangelization. The book is well worth careful study. The work here described is, for the most part, that conducted by Rev. ASPECTS OF ISLAM. By Duncan B. Mac- Wm. Feder, of St. Petersburg. It is an Donald, D.D. 12mo. 375 pp. $1.50, example of what one consecrated serv- net. The Macmillan Co., 1911. ant of God can do and is doing. Mr. Latimer visited Russia recently, and The author of this new study of Is- saw fur himself the conditions and scenes which he here pictures. He lam is professor of Semitic Languages corroborates the testimony of John R. Matt, that Russia is passing through in Hartford Theological Seminary, a great religious as well as political and social crisis, and there is an unand has written several other volumes usual and wide-spread opportunity to reach students, especially with the in Moslem theology, law and religion. GospeL The story that Mr. Lah.ner tells is out of the ordinary, and is well The present volume consists of the told, with enthusiasm and interesting detail. The style is conversational. Lamson lectures for 1909. They pre- The facts given wilI open the eyes of many who think that evangelical sent the subject in an elementary Christian work is impossible in the land of the Czar. There are many rather than in a scientific way, and centers 6f Christian activity, and many Protestant Christians in all classes of are of especial interest and value to society-Baptist, Methodist, and Epis- copalians. The obstades placed in the those who plan to work in Moslem way of evangelical work are many and great, but they by no means prove lands. disheartening or insurmountable.

The subjects considered in this ele- Mr. Latimer has given us the best, and almost the only account of presmentary volume include the Moslem ent-day missionary work in Russia.

lands, Mohammed himself, the Koran, JOHN G. PATON, D.D. Later Years and Farewell. By A. K. Langridge, and Moslem theology and mystical life, the his son, Frank H. L. Paton. 111us- trated. 12mo. 286 pp. $1.25. Hodattitude of Moslems toward Christ der & Stoughton, London and New York. and the Scriptures, Christian missions Those who have followed the thrillto Moslems, etc. Dr. MacDonald ing career of the Late John G. Paton, pioneer missionary to the New Hebseems to deal with his subject fairly rides, will be interested in these clos- ing chapters of his life. They have and to judge Mohammed fairly and not, however, much of peculiar interest and value. Dr. Paton's active aggresgive full credit to the value of the sive work stept at about the time of his visit to the Ecumenical Confer- Koran. The book is of interest to stu- ence in New York in 1900. These chap- ters tell of Dr. Paton's visit to AmertdiecnaltspoufrpIoslsaemaJnbduvt iittalhafsorncoet the prac- ica in the interests of the suppression contained of the Kanaka slave traffic, and of the liquor traffic in the New Hebrides. in some of the writings by Dr. Zwe- mer and others.

GOD'S PLAN FOR THE WORLD'S REDEMPTION. By Charles R. Watson. 12mo. 225 pp. $1.00. Board of Foreign Mis- sions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, Philadel- phia, 1911.

The real basis for missionary education, the missionary motive and missionary endeavor is the Word of God. Dr. Vatson gives us here a hand book, the aim of which is to give the missionary message of the Bible. There are many others with a similar purpose, but none more simple and forceful, more convincing and progressive. We wish that every Christian would digest the contents of these studies. Then there would be no more difficulty as to men and money for missions.

He afterward revisited his island MISSIONARY HEROES OF THE LUTHERAN mission field, journeyed round the CHURCH. Edited by L. B. Wolf, D.D. world again at the age of 76, and finally Illustrated, lZmo, 246 pp. 75 cents. passed to his reward from Australia Lutheran Publication Society, Phila- delphia, 1911.

on January 28, 1907, at the age of 84. FIVE REASONS WHY. By Brewer Eddy. He was strenuous in his activities to (Envelop Series.) April, 1911. Amerithe end, and a month before his death can Board of Commissioners for Forhad engaged in deputation work, driv- eign Missions, Boston, Mass. ing many miles, and often not going to bed until I or 2 A.M. Dr. Paton was FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH an apostle, indeed; his life was full of AMERICA. Report of Eighteenth Conblessing, and even this account of the ference of Foreign Missions Boards, last decade, is full of inspiration. United States and Canada. 1911. 25 cents. Foreign Missions Library, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

NEW BOOKS THE WORLD ATLAS OF CHRISTIAN MIS- SIONS. Edited by Harlan P. Beach, AMONG THE TRIBES IN SOUTHWEST CHINA. James S. Dennis, and Charles H. Fahs. By Samuel RClarke. Illustrated, Quarto. $4.00. Student Volunteer 1Zmo, 315 pp. 3s. 6d., net. China In- Missionary Movement, 1911. land Mission, London and Philadel- phia, 1911. CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN BURMA. By Rev. W. C. B. Purser. lZmo. 2s., net. S. GLEANINGS FROM FIFTY YEARS IN CHINA. P. G., London, 1911. By the late Archibald Little. $2.50, STRANGE SIBERIA. By Marcus L. Taft. net. J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadel- 16mo, Z59 pp. $1.00, net. Eaton & Mains, 1911. phia, 1911.

LION AND DRAGON IN NORTHERN CHINA. VIEWS OF HARBIN AND THE PLAGUE EPI- DEMIC. Commercial Press, Ltd., By R. F. Johnston. l11ustrated. $5.00. Shanghai, 1911. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York. 1911.

STUDIES IN CHINESE RELIGION. By E. H. WILLIAM SCOTT AMENT. By Henry D. Port~r, M.D. 8vo, 377 pp. $1.50, net. Parker. Illustrated. $3.00. E. p. Flemmg H. Revell Co., 1911.

Dutton & Co., New York, 1911.

CHILDREN OF EGYPT. By L. Crowther. MEXICO AND OUR MISSION. By James G. Illustrated, 12mo, 96 pp. Is. 6d., net. Dale. lZmo, 272 pp. $1.25. Sowers Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, Edin- Printing Co., Lebanon, Pa., 1911. burgh, 1911. THEORY AND PRACTISE OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. NEGRO LIFE IN THE SOUTH. By W. D. Weatherford. Student Volunteer By James M. Buckley. 12mo, 151 pp. Movement, New York. 75 cents, net. Eaton & Mains, 1911.

IN THE SHADOW OF THE DRUM TOWER. By THE GROWTH OF THE MISSIONARY CONCERT. Laura DeLany Garst. Illustrated, 16mo, 136 pp. 50 cents. Foreign Chris- By John F. Goucher. 12mo, Z02 PP.. tian Missionary Society, Cincinnati, 151 pp. 75 cents, net. Eaton & Mains, 0., 1911. 1911.

THE ROMANCE OF THE ENGLISH BIBLE. By IN A FAR COUNTRY (INDIA). By H. B. John T. Faris. Illustrated, 16mo, 63 Gunn.. lZmo, 244 pp. $1.00, net. pp. 25 cents, net. Presbyterian Board Amencan Baptist Publication Society, of Publication, Philadelphia, 1911. 1911.

CAN THE WORLD BE WON FOR CHRIST? By CONSER':ATION OF NATIONAL IDEALS. By Norman MacLean. Zs. 6d., net. Hod- various 'authors. lZmo, 187 pp. 50 der & Stoughton, London, 1911. cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1911. INDIAN UNREST. By Valentine ChiroI. 5s., net. Macmillan & Co., London and BAPTISTS MOBILIZED FOR MISSIONS. By A. New York, 1911. L. Va}!. lZmo, 176 pp. 75 cents, net. THE AWAKENING OF INDIA. By J. Ramsay Macdonald. 55. Hodder & Stough- Amencan Baptist Publication Society ton, London, 1911. 1911. '

THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD. A Brief Com- THE GALMC GATHERERS. The Gospel parative Study of Christianity and N on-Christian Religions. By Robert Among the Highlanders. By E. O. E. Speer. Illustrated, 12mo, 372 pp. Guerrant. 12mo, 220 pp. Onward 50 cents, net. M. H. Leavis, West Press, Richmond, Va., 1911. Medford, Mass., 1911. REPORT OF THE YORK (FRIENDS') CONFER- ENCE. 12mo, 268 pp. Is. 3d., net.

Friends' Foreign Mission Association ' London, 1911.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1910

A COUNTRY HOME UNDER THE PALMS IN PORTO

THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AND MANSE AT AGUADILLA, PORTO RICO

CJ"he fAlissionary CJ?.ev{ew

of the World Published by Funk and Wagnalls Company (Isaac K. Funk, Pres., A. W. W~gnans, Vice-Pres., Robert J. Cuddihy, Treu., It.obolrt Seott, Sec',." oU-UO E. 23d St.. New York.

VOL. XXXIII. No.3 MARCH, 1910 VOL. XXIII. No. 3 Old Series New S.r;•• SIGNS OF THE TIMES CONDITIONS IN RUSSIA Greek Church and became Moslems between April I, 19°5, and January I, Revolution in the great northern J909! What surprizes us still more is empire is evidently not exhausted. In the statement that these apostasies December alone, and in St. Peters- have not been in Asiatic Russia, in burg alone, and on one day, 37 death parts of which Islam holds full sway, penalties were imposed, and 17 exe- but that 49,000, or 98 per cent, of the cutions took place. The Jews are still apostasies were reported from the the victims of persecution, and out- European provinces of the empire. breaks have been specially prominent in Finland, where they were driven The reason for these conversions to from home by hundreds to freeze or Islam is not stated, but numbers of starve in fields or forests. Russian Jews some time ago were re- ported to have declared their inten- There is, however, a marked interest tion to become Mohammedans to esamong students in religious questions. cape service in the Russian army. But these conversions of Jews to Mohamis Amid much infidelity and loose moral- medanism ceased almost altogether as soon as it became clear that this step ity there a spirit of unrest and would not bring exemption from miliinquiry. Large audiences will gather, tary service. It is possible that some if permitted to do so by the police, to similar temporal advantage has listen to Christian speakers from Eng- caused the recent apostasies to Islam, land and America. The Holy Synod but the official report gives no explarecently voted unanimously to request nation. the government to permit no more missionaries to speak on religious REFORM IN ASIATIC TURKEY themes in Russia. Religious liberty has, however, progrest too far to On December 11-12, twenty-six permit of such a prohibition. Russia Moslems were executed at Adana for is undoubtedly in an inquiring mood, inciting and abetting the massacre of and needs our prayers. 30,000 Christian Armenians in April previous. The death penalty was ad- THE SPREAD OF ISLAM IN RUSSIA ministered in presence of vast crowds, but even the lamentations of relatives The astounding intelligence is con- did not avail to save the condemned. tained in a statistical report which the Few outsiders believed that these sa- Russian Secretary of the Interior has cred followers of the false prophet recently published concerning apostasy would ever be brought to justice. The from the Greek Orthodox Church. This report officially declares that more than 50,000 Russians left the

leaders of the Young Turk party made a fine showing and stirred the pledged themselves to punish the enthusiasm of the delegates. The leaders in these massacres; but the Bezatel School of Trades and Arts, previous course of the deposed Sultan founded by Professor Boris Schatz in had made all faith in such promises Jerusalem some eight years ago, and difficult. A general amnesty was giving support to I70 people, had a more looked for than a particular ret- fine exhibit of the school's products- ribution. Surely even Turkey is Persian carpets, wood-carvings, ex- moving. quisite filigree and metal work, laces, THE ZIONIST PROGRAM OF THE drawings, etc. The proposed tech- JEWS nical institute at Haifa is soon to be The Ninth Zionist Congress met in erected, prominent Jews in Europe Hamburg, Germany, on December and America who have never been 25th, and closed on December 31st. It identified with the cause of Zionism was attended by Jewish delegates and having become interested (Jacob visitors, numbering about 3,000, who Schiff, of New York, and Julius hailed from every part of the world. Rosenwald, of Chicago, were men- Russia was represented by 136 dele- tioned as large contributors, and Dr.

gates, of whom one came from Chita, Emil G. Hirsch, of Chicago, whom Siberia, and had to travel 21 days, the none could call a Zionist, as having entire length of the Trans-Siberian promised an annual subscription). A Railway, to reach the congress. The laboratory for scientific agricultural English delegation numbered about research is soon to be established at 70, Germany sent over 40, and the Zikhron Jacob in Palestine by Dr.

United States and Canada were both Aronson; the Olive Plantation has well represented. Many Jewish aca- acquired three estates, one near the demic societies and fraternities from Lake of Tiberias, and two. southwest German universities also were repre- between Jaffa and Jerusalem; and a sented. land development company was pro- The official language of the con- posed by Dr. Oppenheimer, a famous gress was German, but interpreters political economist, and $10,000 was were on the platform ready to convey pledged for it within an hour.

to the delegates the meaning of every The two most important questions action in English, Russian, and He- before the congress were; 1. Has the brew, altho there were few who could revolution in Turkey upset the Zionist not speak two or three languages program? II. Will the congress con- fluently. sent to the transfer of all available The attitude of the majority of the means of the Zionist movement to delegates was thal of apparent impa- Palestine? With the first question the tience, of a' desire to do things, and to president, Herr W olfsohn, dealt in his do them at once. "Since Palestine is opening address. He insisted on the awakening before the eyes of the consistency of the Basle program, that world, the Zionist movement must "Zionism aims at a publicly recog- take quick advantage of the situation," nized, legally assured home for the seemed to be the underlying idea. Jewish people in Palestine," and said The various activities in Palestine that the changes in Turkey have not

SIGNS OF THE

made necessary an alteration. He was CHINA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD CHRISTIANITY seconded by Dr. Max Nordau in a According to Missionary Schultze masterly, clear, and incisive address, of the Basel Missionary Society, there is much outward public recognition of which utterly rejected assimilation. Christian missions, but in reality fre- quent secret hindrance and aggrava- He said, "You are Zionists just be- tion. The mandarins deliver eloquent and laudatory addresses at the opencause you do not wish to'disappear as ings of missionary schools, yet these schools are still without rights. Set- Jews. You wish to go to Palestine, tlement in the interior is made difficult for the missionaries by hindering and the land of your fathers, to live and delaying the acquisition of land under the mask of judicial rulings. A very develop there as national Jews." Loy- peculiar request has been received by several missions, viz., to furnish the alty to the Turkish Government, he government with information con- cerning number, sex, residence, and pledged, but "solely as a Jewish na- even names of their church-members. A Chinese newspaper, commenting tionality." "Our idea is to see a upon this request, said that it is not in the interest of the Christians if so Jewish people in the land of its fath- many ill-famed persons call themselves falsely Christians, and that therefore ers. Of this idea I will not every convert to Christianity better announce his conversion in the magissurrender an iota. On this point there trate's office. The request seems to be of doubtful friendliness to everyone can be no concession." acquainted with heathen governments.

At the same time the congress re- THE PROGRAM FOR THE KONGO solved to answer the second question The new Belgian King gives hope for a new. order of things in the before them by ordering the grad- Kongo State. He is a very different type of man from his late uncle Leoual transfer of all Zionist capital paid; and while his statesmanship, force of character and ability to rule to Palestine, and thus making the land have not yet been tested, his prin- ciples and private life have none of the of their fathers the only center for its stigma and stain that marked the character and habits of the late king. financial and industrial operations. King Albert, the new ruler, has him- This action is especially significant, self visited the Kongo, and is reported to have been much shocked by the conbecause the national fund has already ditions that he discovered there. He reached the respectable amount of $400,000.

Dr. Herzl's pamphlet, "The Jewish State," made its appearance thirteen years ago. Thus, according to Jewish law, Zionism is of age and it may proudly celebrate its "Bar Mitz wah."

It has survived the death of its great leader and founder, Theodore Herzl, and the falling away of some of its most ardent s11pporters in its infancy.

It has steadily ga;ned in popularity and strength, as no other Jewish or- ganization has done. And while it has not achieved any practical results within the years of its existence, it has united Jews from every country where there are Jewish settlements for one common aim and cause and pur- pose. Thus it may well be called "the shaking of the dry bones."

is not as ardent a Roman Catholic as of the Lualaba and the basin of the his uncle, and probably will not there- Dele, and on July I, 1912, the refore be so partial to Roman Catholic mainder of the State will be included missions and so unfavorable to Prot- -except the territories held by the estant workers as has been the case concessionary companies. This is a up to the present time. most important exception and they include thousands of square miles of The new Belgian Minister of the the most productive land. Forced Colonies, M. Renkin, has published labor is to disappear-except again in his proposed measures of reform, works of public utility. which, tho far from adequate, are a concession that there are evils that The advocates of thorough reform need to be remedied. are not satisfied with this program and call for an international conference. The Kongo State, when it was It is evident that the concessionary founded by Henry M. Stanley and companies fear the disclosures and re- King Leopold, was intended to be in- sults of such a conference, but it is ternational in its personnel. The first demanded in the interests of humanity two governors, Stanley and Sir Fran- and fair play. Another unsatisfactory cis de Winton, were British, and other feature is that the communal and officials came from many countries. tribal claims of the natives are wholly But gradually the greed for gold took disregarded. The Kongo people have hold of Leopold and his bureaucrats, no rights to the products of the counand they determined to develop and try which the Belgians hold thembleed the country for their own bene- selves bound to respect. There is apfit. Leopold came to look on the State parently no disposition among the as his own private preserves, and the Belgians to make the Kongo a desirnatives suffered in consequence. The able place for the native peoples. missions-except the Roman Catholic -were hindered in many ways, rights CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN JAPAN of acquiring property and trade were denied and natives were enslaved, The achievements of the past fifty maimed .and killed through effort to years of Christian missions in Japan increase personal profits. are worth noting. There have not been the mass movements noted in The scheme for reform proposed by India and Korea, but there have been M. Renkin recognizes the right of na· some marked signs of progress that tives to harvest the products of the promise still better things for the soil and the right of other natives to future: freedom of commerce. These reforms are to be brought about in three ( J) Self-support has been largely stages. From July I, 1910, they are effected by the Church tho it is only to become operative over about half 37 years old, and it was 13 years after of the State (the greater part of the work began before the Church was Belgian bank of the Dbangi, both organized. banks of the Lower and Middle Kongo, and the whole basin of the There are a very large number of Kasai River). A year later, they will prominent men among the membersbecome operative over the left bank the greater newspapers are being edit- ed and staffed by graduates of mission

OF THE

schools and other Christians-states- treated with great hostility by the tribe men, officials, reformers, and philan- of the Laewombas, who live along the thropists show a disproportionately Markham River. At last Missionary large percentage of Christians.' Lehner, of Arcona, went to the Lae- wombas as a messenger of peace. The There is an increasing respect for blessing of the Lord rested upon his Christianity among educated classes, efforts, so that the door to the thickly whether adherents or not. populated district is now open and a number of new stations will be opened The wide-spread effects of Chris- soon. tianity are also noticeable upon social standards, and on public and private The work all over New Guinea is morality; Christ has a reviving and progressing wonderfully. Upon the 12 cleansing effect upon the decaying re- stations and the missionary plantation ligious systems of Old Japan. 24 European missionaries and I I na- tive helpers are employed, while the Encouraging as this is, there is missionary schools have 440 boys and still a more formidable array of work 154 girls in attendance, and the trainthat remains to be attempted. Notice ing-school for native helpers has 7 that out of 50,000,000, only 100,000 pupils. During 1909, 228 heathen are Christians, leaving 49,000,000 non- were baptized, so that the total number Christians; and of these probably 40,- of native Christians is now about 000,000 are absolutely untouched! 2,000. The number of inquirers is And out of less than 800 missionaries, also very large-upon the station there are 650 congested in only ten Warea more than 2oo-and the movecities, where are also five-sevenths of ment .toward Christianity among the all Japanese workers and churches! heathen is strong. Together with this Three-quarters of the missionary body goes an increased desire after the are in Tokyo and Yokohama, which blessings of cu1ture and civilization. were only 3,000,000 out of 47,000,000 Better houses are being erected by the of the population. The great need of natives, roads are made, and larger to-day is workers for the evangeliza- fields are cultivated and planted. The tion of the interior of Japan. The planting of coffee and rubber has been masses, the industrial and agricultural commenced, and the rule that every classes, are still untouched, and in newly bap-tized heathen must plant at large measure unapproached! least one palm-tree is rigidly enforced. The income of the society, which has There is a dearth of Japanese pastors a little station in Queensland, Austraand workers; there are more churches lia, also, was about $26,000, so that a than can be manned, and there are deficit of $12,440 was incurred. some unsatisfactory men in the service. Concentration is good, and spe- Missionary Lehner writes from his cialization is good; but we must not station, "Ofttimes we wish that neglect the country work, and the the friends of our work might join us masses. and enjoy the wonderful changes which the Gospel has wrought and see THE OPEN DOOR IN NEW GUINEA the sights which cheer our hearts on every Saturday afternoon and on the The Neuendettelsau Missionary Society reports great opportunities in Kaiser Wilhelm's Land, New Guinea. For many years the missionaries were

morning and the afternoon of every new life to the revolutionary party Lord's day. Crowds of cleanly clad and also prevented fighting in the natives approach the little church Bluefields district, where the Mofrom all villages, and four or five hun- ravians are at work. dred people gather to listen to the message of the missionary. The most THE SPREAD OF MORMONISM remarkable thing to me, however, is the fact that men, who formerly were Rev. John D. Nutting, who is conwild heathen and mostly lived in bitter ducting vigorously the undenominaenmity toward each other, now listen tional Utah Gospel Mission, calls together to the Word of God. During attention to the startling spread of the first years of my labors here I fre- Mormonism throughout the world. quently stood helplessly and power- Nearly 2,000 Mormon emissaries are lessly before the stupid heathen, who quietly working from house to house did not want knowledge, and in de- all the time, in this and other lands, jection I often sat upon the floor of the and their crafty, personal, and perseboat which carried me back to the vering methods snare the souls of station! And now the people walk many who are lacking in clear docmany miles to be present at the serv- trinal conceptions. With its immense ices, and the church is always crowded tithing receipts Mormonism is almost with attentive listeners! Truly, it is without financial limitations, and with the time of harvest, wrought by the practical control over the lives of its Lord Himself. Whoever loves Him, youth, it can command all the workers should rejoice with us." it needs. None of these workers re- ceive any salary, tho friends provide REVOLUTIONS AND MISSIONS IN the expenses frequently, and in their NICARAGUA devotion to the cause which they rep- resent, they are willing to undergo Political disturbances always inter- much hardship and suffering. Thus rupt religious work. Men's thoughts Mormonism is at work outside Utah are so absorbed with the affairs of and its spread is amazing. In the state that they neglect the affairs of South and East of our land its emisthe kingdom. In addition to this, op- saries delude respectable people into position to missionary work is often selling their property and going West. experienced from a hostile party or A recent Mormon paper told of eight government. This has been true in places in Western Pennsylvania where Nicaragua, the little Central Amer- "elders" were then working with sucican state where the Moravian mis- cess. Another Mormon paper brought sionaries are at work on the east the reports from Northern Illinois coast. Conference, Eastern States Mission, Southern States Mission, Central The tumults of war have not States Mission, Northern States Mistouched the Indian stations of the sion, Western Stations, Northwestern mission, as their geographical location States Mission, California Mission, separates them from the disturbed dis- and Australia Mission. All of these tricts. The United States Govern- are reporting abundant labors and ment, by coming to the suppc,:-t c£ Es- great success of the "elders." trada and discrediting Zelaya, gave

AND THE NON-CHRISTIAN

THE CHRISTIAN'S ATTITUDE TOWARD OTHER FAITHS BY ROBERT E. SPEER, M.A., NEW YORK Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions Consi.tency fucius idealized and transcended in our Master, and Japan her beggarly 1. First of all, it should be con- elements glorified in the Christian insistent. Christianity in the mission- heritance, and India her sublime ary enterprise, in its special lectures names taken out of the region of and representatives, and in its recep- imagination and in our Lord made the tion of representatives of the non- equivalent of the moral order of the Christian religions when they visit universe, we can not expect them to Western lands, should take one con- become His disciples." This is presistent position. The relations of cisely the attitude of the missionary Christianity to other religions are not movement. It welcomes and uses and variable. If it is our right and duty completes all that it can. It borrows to take one attitude in foreign mis- all the familiar vocabulary that can be sions, and to project an enterprise on m'lde tributary to the larger truth. It the conviction that Christianity is the universal religion and ought to be the r00t:; its cor.ceptions in whatever is personal faith of every man, it is found akin to them. It makes any neither fair nor truthful to belie that such kindred ideas the grounds of its attitude in any of our relations. address to the people abroad and of Recognize the Good the appeal to the home Church. It is only on what is common ground that 2. Christianity should joyfully rec- men can meet. It is the power alognize all the good that is in the non- ready working in men that is to be Christian religions and build upon it. redeemed and consecrated and en- This is the attitude it has taken from larged and turned to the will of God. the beginning of the history of its missionary relations. And this is the The Points of Difference attitude which it takes to-day. It can not build on nothing. It builds, as 3. But in the third place, Christianever, on all that it finds that is capable ity should not slight or ignore the of redemption, all that can be wrought points of difference. These points are into the eternal and universal King- radical. It is from them that the misdom of God. sionary movement springs. If they are of no significance, Christianity's "It is in the power of the Gospel to whole claim, both abroad and at home, enter sympathetically the past of Japan is untenable. But the comparison of and China and the wonderful reach religions reveals the vital or, perhaps and richness of Hindu history, and I should say, the deadly reality of the put upon the whole expanse the light distinctions between Christianity and of its own divine interpretation," says other faiths. Recall Hinduism, for Dr. George Gordon. "It can, in a example, as the religion whose oppoway, identify itself with the great tra- sition to Christianity to-day rests on ditions of all these people, make them the claim that it includes all the truths live their long histories over again, of Christianity. As Dr. Kellogg has ,and read their deeper meanings into said: " (a) Christianity asserts the itsdf, Until China shall see Con- existence of a personal God. Hindu-

ism denies it. (b) Christianity as- to the conviction that it will rather serts the separateness of man and all creatures from the Creator. Hindu- harm than help our cause to minimize ism affirms that they are all identical with God. (c) Christianity asserts the differences between Christianity the freedom of the will. Hinduism denies it and affirms an unbending ne- and any other religion. If we make cessity. (d) Christianity assumes the trustworthiness of our own conscious- 'tYheaudihffaevreenbcuets slight, and say ftourmtheenr,, ness. Hinduism denies it; all is maya, to come a little illusion." get a little more, and you will be Christianity has far more that is unique than appears until we have Christians,' one of two things will compared it with other religions. It is the actual comparison which brings surely follow. Either-and this will out the enormous differences. Even where there appear to be resem- be at present most frequently the case blances between Christianity and other religions, they are underlain by in India and China-the one appealed deeper differences. In the matter of the idea of incarnation, for example. to will respond, 'If the difference is the resemblance is merely verbal. The incarnations of Hinduism were not in- slight, since the change to me will be carnations of a personal and self-conscious being. They were "means by so great in leaving my ancestral faith which a being, impersonal and incapable by itself of attaining to conscious and encountering certain persecution, existence, is enabled through contact with matter to attain to personality." I will take the chances and stay where This may be called an incarnation, but it is not an incarnation in the Chris- I am.' Or-and this would more fretian sense at all. To say that Christianity and Hinduism are alike in the quently happen in Japan-he will say, idea of incarnation is not true. The truth is not served by the denial or 'I come,' and bring all his heathenism suppression of the truth, and many have risen from the actual comparison with him, presuming that it will be of the world's religions with the judgment with which the just-minded quite consistent with Christianity. Edward Lawrence returned from a careful study of the people and be- The Japanese are sensitive to-day liefs of Asia: about being called heathens, which is "With every disposition to recognize whatever of truth and good may a most hopeful sign. But it will not be found in the great Oriental religions, I have been more and more led make them any less heathen to call them Christians until they become so through allegiance to Jesus Christ. In Asia, as in Europe and America, Christianity is strong, and is to remain so, through the imperiousness of its claims, and through the absolute as- sent and exclusive loyalty which it de- mands. Be the effect of other re- ligions what it may, whether Judaism or Mohammedanism or Hinduism, whether preparatory or obstructive, or both at once, Christianity treats every one of them as a usurper on the throne and a misleader of the human heart from its true allegiance."

No Compromise 4· Christianity should make no compromises, but anticipate its own victorious triumph. This is the view of the political statesman who is also the Christian man. "If there is any significance in Christian missions," said the Han. John W. Foster on his return in 1894 from a trip around the world, "they mean that the world must be conquered for Christ. The

AND THE NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS

spirit of Christianity, while it incul- ments of our time. The New Hinducates charity toward our erring broth- ism, Vedantism, the Arya Samaj, the ers, tolerates no other religion. Neither various reform movements in India, in Japan nor in any other land can the whole altered ethical standard of Christianity be compromised with the higher Hinduism and the deepest Buddhism or any other Christless re- stirrings among the Hindu peoples, are ligion." And this is the view, also, of the direct product of the Christian the modern liberal theologian who is spirit working on India most purely )ltt true to Christ and the Christian in the missionary enterprise, which is God: transforming the ideal of the people. Under the same transforming in- "The attitude of the religion that fluences, Shintoism has given up its bears the name of Jesus Christ," says claim to be considered a religion in Dr. William Newton Clarke, "is not Japan. Confucianism is retreating one of compromise, but one of con- il1to a ceremonial in China, Mohamflict and of conquest. It proposed to medanism is dissolving the bands of displace the other religions. The true the Koran, and Buddhism is taking state of the case must not be forgotten, over from Christianity everything but namely, that Christianity sets out for its names and its power. victory. The intention to conquer is characteristic of the Gospel. This was "A friend of mine," writes a resithe aim of its youth when it went dent in Japan, "was talking with a forth among the religions that then certain Buddhist lady about Chrissurrounded it, and with this aim it tianity, when the woman said that she must enter any field in which old re- saw no difference between the teach- Hgions are encumbering the religious ings of the two religions. nature of man. It can not conquer except in love, but in love it intends to "'How is that?' said my friend. conquer. It means to fill the world." 'What makes you say there is no dif- ference ?' We are told to-day that we must cease to use the military metaphors "'Well,' said the woman, 'You with reference to the mission of Chris- ChI istians make much of what you tianity. It is a little hard for us to call The Sermon on the Mount, but do this, who can not easily forget the we have something just like it. In the language of the New Testament. But last copy of my Buddhist paper I read the metaphors are of no consequence. it.' The essential thing is the truth which the metaphor veils and that truth we "When the paper was brought, it believe to be the triumphant, fulfilling was found that it contained something conquest of Christianity and the just like the Sermon on the Mount, sovereignty of Christ's name over for it was the Sermon on the Mount, every name. translated and represented as Budd- hist Scripture." Contributions of Thought We can not welcome deception, 5. Christianity should welcome all conscious or unconscious, nor false transformations of the thought of non- representation. and it is certainly true Christian peoples which bring that that this spread of the truth of Christhought nearer to Christianity. These tianity among the non-Christian peotransformations constitute one of the ples, transforming their thought but greatest intellectual and moral move-

not striking into the very central being "Japan does not believe Christianity,"

and quickening the soul in God by a he says, "because of faulty presenta- regeneration in Christ, makes our tion. The fault can not lie with the problem in some of its aspects much author of our faith; it must lie with harder. Nevertheless, we will rejoice ourselves. . . . If the Japanese re- in all spread of truth among men, be- jects Christianity, it is in most cases lieving that it builds to the Kingdom because he has never had it properly of Christ, and that hali-truth, in spite presented to him."

of all, is better than whole error. But is this all? Does it go to the very center? Are the Japanese so Winning Men different to-day from the Jews in our 6. But Christianity must continue, Lord's day and the Roman world in and all the more as this transformation St. Paul's? Or can it be that our advances, to seek to win individual Lord did not properly present the men away from these religions to Gospel and that St. Paul's presenta- Christianity. If by proselytizing you tion was faulty? No; something more mean winning men from all that is is needed than philosophical adjust- false and evil in the world's religions ment on the part of the hearers, and a and relating them to the one universal less faulty presentation on the part of religion which is all truth and good; the preachers. Men must be born in other words, to make Hindus and again. They must repent. They must Mohammedans Christians, then that is find life in Christ. The old phrases just what we are trying to do. We emphasize the eternal truth. The mis- are proselytizing. And we do not see sionary enterprise is busy producing what else in all the world is worth new moral climates, transforming and doing. The business of every man is enriching and fulfilling the ideals of to find truth, to live it, and to get it the nations, but it is doing these pri- found and lived by all the world. This marily and permanently by making is what we are Christians for. And disciples of Jesus Christ, by finding this change which we seek in individ- men and women who will answer His uals must be a radical and living call and forsake all that they have and change. It is utterly inadequate to follow Him.

describe the invitation of foreign mis- Maintaining Truth sions to the non-Christian peoples as an invitation to philosophical adjust- 7. Christianity should perceive and ment. It is an appeal for regeneration. unswervingly hold to the truth of its We do expect to see "the gradual con- own absolute uniqueness. "He that version of heathenism by the adoption hath not the Son of God hath not the of Christian ideals instead of heathen Life." That is the fundamental law.

ones," and this "to be followed by the We refuse to be led aside by any dis- gradual absorption of paganism into tinctions between the historic Christ the Church," as Mr. Lloyd says in and the essential Christ. We believe "Wheat Among the Tares." Doubt- in a loving God who is the Father of less this day would be hastened if all His children in spite of their de- there were perfect preachers of the nials, and that His loving will is that perfect gospel. Mr. Lloyd thinks so. none should perish, but that all should

CHRISTIANITY AND THE NON-CHRISTIAN

come unto life, and in a grace that has Truth and Ita InterpretadoD sought and is seeking every human heart, and in a Lamb slain from the 8. While we may hope for somebeginning as a propitiation, not for thing in the way of a richer underour sins only, but for the sins of the standing and a fuller interpretation whole world. of Christianity from the new experi- ence of Christians of other races, we All this we believe, and our own may exaggerate this prospect, and duty in view of it is clear. But into what we may hope for is rather from distinctions between two 01rists we the racial qualities of these peoples can not go. It leads us into regions than from their religions. It is to be where there is no foothold. The stated clearly that we look for nothing Christ whom we know and who has from the non-Christian religions to be been life to us is the Christ of history. added to Christianity. Every truth in He that hath the Son hath Life, and these religions is already in Chris- He that hath not the Son of God hath tianity, and it is there proportioned not life. This one law, which is law and balanced as it is not in any because it is fact, is what "distin- of the other religions. Not one single guishes Christianity from all other re- aspect of truth can be named which ligions. It places the religion of these religions are able to contribute Christ," said Professor Drummond in to the religion of the New Testament. "Natural Law in the Spiritual World," But it may be asked, Is not the Orien- "upon a footing altogether unique. tal consciousness to enlarge and en- There is no analogy between Chris- rich our comparatively pinched and tianity and such a religion as Budd- practical conceptions? But is there hism or Mohammedanism. There such a thing as an Oriental consciousis no true sense in which a man can ness? A Western woman is the chief say, 'He that hath Buddha hath Life.' preacher of such a consciousness in Buddha has nothing to do with life. India, and the whole conception of He may have something to do with such a consciousness as a great force morality. He may stimulate, impress, to be dealt with in philosophy and reteach, guide, but there is no distinct ligion has been produced and nournew thing added to the souls of those ished in the West. There is doubtless who profess Buddhism. These re- a rough utility in thus setting the East ligions may be developments of the off against the West, but both East natural and moral man. But Chris- and West are divided within themtianity professes to be more. It is the selves by differences of race and tramental or moral man plus something ditions as great as separate them from else or some one else." Christianity one another. The phrase, the Oriental is showing no kindness to the world consciousness, serves a more or less if it forgets its own character and the useful purpose, but it does not define mission of life with which it is a source Qf new religious knowledge charged. A toleration which betrayed or promise a correction of Christianity. the very life of humanity would be intolerable treason. Christianity must There are some who hold a differrealize and hold immovably its unique ent opinion. "The West has yet much character. to leat;n in the school of Vedanta, so ancient and so meditative," says one

Christian writer. "The West has to sciousness of Asia or from the Chrislearn from the East," says another, tian churches in Asia have been un- "and the East from the West. The fulfilled. All the work of modern questions raised by the Vedanta will scholars in Japan and India has been have to pass into Christianity if the eclectic, a remodeling of old materials. best minds of India are to embrace it; And the Christians of these lands have and the Church of the 'farther East' simply been reliving the ever-old and will doubtless contribute something to ever-new problems of human life in the thought of Christendom of the all ages and in all lands. Those who science of the soul, and of the om- have set out to give us new theologies nipenetrativeness and immanence of or new Christs have only rephrased Deity." the old truths or rearranged the old heresies. Mr. Mazoomdar gave us an "If I were asked," says Max Muller, Oriental Christ, but He was merely "under what sky the human mind has an old Unitarian Christ, less strong, most fully developed some of its less rich, less true, less commanding, choicest gifts, has most deeply pon- less a Christ than the Savior whom the dered on the greatest problems of life Church had known for nineteen cenand has found solutions of them which turies. What can the East add to well deserve the attention of those who Christ? If not, can the East show us have studied Plato and Kant, I should anything that we do not know? Can point to India. If I were to ask my- it give us anything? self from what literature we, here in Europe, may draw that corrective, in Well, it has a great deal to give us. order to make our inner life more per- But it is not Christianity that needs fect, more comprehensive, more uni- its help. It is we. And it is only by versal, and, in fact, more truly a human Christianity that it can give us its life, not for this life only but for a help. And it is not in our thoughts transfigured and eternal life, again I of Christianity that we specially need should point to India." But there are its help. We do not primarily require others, both those who have studied a larger intellectual comprehension of Indian religion and philosophy from the Gospel. Indeed, we can not get afar, unprejudiced by the realities of it by more speculation, by comparison the popular religion, and those who of opinions, by new codifications of have loved India so well that they truth or new efforts to state the life have lived and died for her, who have and will of God and the nature and not found what her speculations could the end of our souls in words. We add to the truth of the Gospel. Some- can only get it b? InClre experience, thing is to come into the temple of more life, the actual occupation of God from India, but only when her humanity by God. It is in the expeconsciousness and her speculations are rience of Christianity that help is humbly laid at the foot of Christ's needed. It is in our living it, in ollr cross and when she has learned by life getting the Gospel embodied in our in Him. life. It is there that the other races are to help us, and it is the races that Thus far our hopes of any original are to help us, not their religions, save contribution in philosophy or theology as those religions have come to emor religion from the quickened con-

AND THE NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS

body in any measure above their error fronts us. It is evident, they say, that the great racial qualities which are to the non-Christian races are to exert a be the contribution of these peoples to more direct and powerful influence the Spirit of God for His use as the upon the Christian peoples, and they materials of the Kingdom of God, the dread the result. That they have to incarnation of the Gospel in the life give, they fear, will be by no means of mankind. The non-Christian peo- wholly good, and they look not for an ples are far better than the evils of emichment but for an impoverishment their religions. Even the sanctifica- of our best life from their contribution of error and lust in the non- tion to it. It may be so. It surely wilI Christian religions has not extirpated be so unless the non-Christian races from these peoples the likeness of God, are redeemed by the Gospel and the which will not be effaced, or that power of the Gospel is allowed to original capacity for Him,for the in- purge their souls and give to their dwelling of His life, for the execu- raw capacities the grace which is to tion of His will of righteousness be their contribution to the ultimate which is to be their contribution to the Christianization of humanity. We universal church. discern anew the grounds on which the missionary enterprise rests. It is It is from these races that the new needed to enable the non-Christian contributions to the Church are to peoples to make their contribution to come. The line of thought in Bishop Christianity. Montgomery's composite volume, "Mankind and the Church," was justly And it is needed to enable Chrischosen,-"an attempt to estimate the tianity to realize itself. So far from contribution of great races to the ful- needing anything from the non-Chrisness of the Church of God." To the tian religions, Christianity needs only extent to which their religions have one thing; that is, to give herself to really supported the strong national the non-Christian peoples. There is qualities of these people, which they wanting in her nothing that other sysare to bring to the enlargement of our tems can provide. There is wanting interpretation of the Gospel by the only the fulfilling of her own true enlargement of our experience of it in character, which is possible only as life, then they have made a contribu- she gives herself, not in the person of tion, but to the extent that they have a few of her sons and daughters, but weakened them, they have increased in all her being and utterances to the the measure of the incumbrance they supreme task of redeeming the world, have been on the life of the world or nay, of bringing the world into the will be if they obstruct the triumph one perfect redemption which has of Christianity. But it is the charac- been already wrought. ters of the various races which Christianity wants to redeem, and use them, The Gospel Mes.age not the speculations of their religions for her reconstruction. 9. I have one concluding word to add. This view of the non-Christian There are those, it must be said, religions and of our attitude to them is who feel grave concern at the issues not the Gospel. It is not this message with which the modern world con- with which we are to go out to the

world. This is what we have to say that they regard most sacred, with to ourselves when we examine the ruthless contempt for the intricate ingrounds of our enterprise and state tertwinings of the buried roots of tares its warrant to the Christian Church. and wheat, "We must not approach But our message to the non-Christian them as if they knew that they were religions is the one simple, positive themselves deficient, and that it was message of Christ. It was after a only pride and obstinacy that preventure in comparative religions at vented them from listening to us," so Athens, of which apparently little came, Archbishop Benson counseled. We that St. Paul wrote to the Corinthians, do not approach them so. We ap- ..I determined to know nothing among proach them as the Bishop of Winyou save Jesus Christ and Him cruci- chester, blind and far advanced in fied." It is with true courtesy and years, counseled Boniface to approach with frank and manly sympathy and the souls to whom he was sent in with a quiet but yearning love that we Hesse, avoiding scrupulously all congo to meet the people of the non- temptuous and violent language, and Christian faiths to win them to the trying above all things to show forth Savior. 'Ne must put ourselves in a spirit of moderation and of patience. their places. How would we wish to It is thus we go to them. We love be approached, how would the Gospel them. It is because we love them that most effectually reach us if we were we go to them. And some day love where they are, with their traditions will win them. It will go out after and long inheritances and sacred them and will wait for them. It may memories and infinitely complicated be kept waiting for long years, but it network of human relationship and of will wait, and at last, in the triumph intellectual ideas and of actual re- of Christ in the world's life and the sponsibilities? Weare asking no completion of the world's life in light thing of men. We must not ap- Christ, it will see of its soul's travail proach them with denunciation of all and be content.

THE NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND DEMANDS OF MISSIONS SEVEN WONDERS OF THE MISSIONARY WORLD BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF As the late Rev. Joseph Cook used nations into close neighborhood; the to say, there are at least seven modern self-reformation of the hermit nations, wonders of the world, far surpassing like Japan, China, Korea; the rapid those of the ancient times; all of them onward march of education and decosmopolitan, or world-wide; all mocracy, in every direction; the worldnovel, or peculiar to our day; and all wide spread and unity of civilization; supernatural, or inexplicable, without and, to these four, he added the modo::rn the divine factor, as to their sudden triumphs of Christianity, the current and simultaneous development. Mr. fulfilment of Biblical prophecy, and Cook instanced the speed of intercom- the establishment on a sure basis of a munication, which brings even remote scientific supernaturalism.

THE NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND DEMANDS OF MISSIONS

This catalog might be amended by Civilization substitution or addition and the new list made to include seven marvels, All this means world-wide and essentially belonging to one category, homogeneous civilization, with educaand developed in our day with a ra- tion and emancipation. Ignorance, supidity and a simultaneousness to which perstition and slavery are of one famno previous age presents any parallel. ily, and are all forms of bondage, tho In no other century can be found any the fetters may be in some cases 011 such signs of general progress in an the intellect, or conscience, and in advance that is not local or excep- others on the body as well. But it is tional, but general, universal, racial, a dangerous to civilize where we are not steady onward march of mankind, as ready to enfranchise. To let men think in the following directions: and learn is to make them free: if we do not emancipate them, they will Exploration and Communication burst their own bonds.

For example, there has been world- Inventions and Discoverie. wide exploration, until we are confident that mankind knows the habit- There are two other modern marvels able globe from pole to pole and which challenge attention: the first is sunrise to sunset, and no really unex- the unparalleled rapidity and multiplored or undiscovered realm remains. tude of new inventions and discov- eries. These alone mark this as the Communication is also world-wide: golden age of all history when, as Mr. steam has been yoked to the ocean- Gladstone said, one decade of years liner and the land carriage; the postal shows more progress than a thousand union links all lands in correspondence at the old pace. There seems a theand interchange; the electric telegraph ology of inventions. God has withand telephc;me establish instantaneous drawn the veil that covered nature's contact-a mark that in one direction arcana of mysteries only when His at least finality has been reached. Church was beginning to gird itself for the great work of a world's evangeliza- Acquaintance and Assimilation tion. The period of the reformation, which signalized the dawn of new Communication means acquaintance, night after the midnight of the dark and acquaintance assimilation. Con- ages, saw suddenly and simultaneously tact dissipates prejudices and creates made available to the race four stunew and mutual understanding. In- pendous helps to missionary enterterchange commercially implies treaty prise-the mariner's compass to guide relations: it becomes an object to fos- vessels, and steam to propel them; the ter good will, and political fraterniza- printing-press to print Bibles with, and tion leads to brotherhood. Pacifica- paper to print them on; and as steam tion, with resort to arbitration instead gave us swift ships and railways, so it of armed conflict, becomes a matter of gave us swift working presses to politics if not of ethics, and a tribunal cheapen and multiply Bibles and reof adjustment, a parliament of man, is ligious literature. Then, when a rea natural result. Ballots displace bul- vival of evangelical faith prepared for, lets. and was succeeded by, a revival of

evangelistic zeal, inventions and dis- factor is 1110st prominent. Great comcoveries multiplied so fast that it was binations and corporations threaten alas tho steam ami electricity had been most to obscure and absorb individyoked to the car of human progress- ualism and dominate the world, while, as tho the mind of man had been some- in other forms of enterprise and effort how endowed with new insight and they are the hope of the Church. As foresight and outreach. in the crisis of a decisive battle a general-in-chief cans out all his re- It is difficult to express adequately serves, God seems to indicate that the the change in conditions. Time and armageddon of the ages is at hand bestrength are relative terms and are cause He is summoning to action an measured not by moments and mus- the available force of the Church. Becles, but by attainments and achieve- fore the Victorian Era the women and ments. He who can crowd an hour's youth of the Church were comparawork into a minute lives practically tively in hiding. They had never sixty times as long, and he who with been organized for work. When one man's vital vigor can wield ten David Abeel in 1834 sounded in Lonmen's power has practically multiplied don his trumpet call in behalf of wohimself into ten. So that man is now, men in the East, shut up in Zenana in effect, a giant, with correspond- seclusion and accessible only to their ingly gigantic powers and possibilities. own sex, British women formed a so- The telescope and microscope have en- ciety for promoting female education larged his vision a thousandfold; the in the East. It was the beginning of telegraph and telephone, his hearing woman's work for woman-only in like proportion; the various me- seventy-five years ago! When ten chanical devices have given him feet years later in the same British methat stride in "sevenleague boots" and tropolis George Williams organized arms that wield weapons mighty as the first Young Men's Christian Asthunderbolts. All this is so marvelous sociation, it was the starting-point in that it is incredible. We who live in organized work on the part of young these days are so dazed by what we men. It naturally suggested a similar are ourselves seeing and doing that we bond among young women. Then, have not waked up to the full force about forty years later, came the Stuand meaning of facts, but are like dent Volunteer Movement, the Young those to whom Paul quoted the words People's Society of Christian Enof God, "I work a work in your days deavor, the Students' Federation now which ye will in no wise believe tho a prevailing in alliands, the recent Layman declare it unto you!" men's Missionary Campaign, and other like forms of organization, Organization which for the first time in history are marshalling the whole body of Christ's If anything can be added to all this disciples into battle-line without reastounding series of marvels, it is gard to age or sex. Here again orworld-wide organization and federa- ganization touches the limits of finaltion. Men are now, as never before, ity, for there is no latent force left to learning the value of united, concen- develop into action, unless we call the trated effort. In every direction and department the social or associated

cradle rol1, and note what the mothers neglect of any field or disproportionate are doing as they bear and rear their activity in any; that there should be a offspring for missionary service, im- steady advance all along the line, and parting enthusiasm for humanity with a harmonious action-a concentration the milk of their breasts. of men and means, and a unity if not uniformity of method, until the whole It is here we feel the stress of the world is actually overtaken in its desmodern missionary era to lie, preem- titution and degradation. inently. Dr. Richter sagaciously divides the missionary development un- Great victories have often been sacder three periods-the Lutheran, the rificed by a want of cooperation at Anglican and the American; the decisive moments; but when a vast Lutheran marked by its emphasis on army can be hurled on a foe without the supernatural factors-the inspired loss of time or needless sacrifice of word, the divine Christ, the Holy force-when from every direction the Spirit in regeneration; the Anglican advance is steady and regular and by the patient development of the na- convergent, sometimes a much smaller tive church with its self-support, self- body of soldiery has proven superior government, self-propagation; and the in valor and efficiency, piercing the American by the new watchword of enemies' center, turning their staggerorganization and concentration for the ing wings, and putting them to rout immediate evangelization of the world. by one overwhelming charge.

To those who study the science and Perhaps this is the question of our art of missions with the eye of an in- day-how to turn to account the imtelligent expert, there is something mense force now organizing as never startling in the recent rapid growth of before for the world's conquest-how this last factor-organization. Such to avoid waste and avail ourselves of students of missions see and hear God, material ready to hand-how to arouse moving and calling, going before the those who are still but half awake and Church, rallying every available dis- employ those who are ready to actciple for active and prompt and per- how to secure the largest number of sistent effort, until every human soul prepared and disciplined men and wohas heard the good tidings; until every men, and the largest amount of consehabitation of darkness and cruelty is crated money to support them; how to flooded with light; until in every land kindle the fires anew on every altar of not only is the Gospel preached, but church and home-to spread the the Church planted, as a witness. knowledge of facts which supply fuel to such a flame, and make the whole Cooperation Church actively and earnestly and self- denyingly alive to the issue. This is a Some think that individual, inde- great problem, but its solution is as pendent efforts should be merged into grand an aim as the enigma is a diffithe greater denominational campaign, cult and perplexing one. And we beto insure responsibility and perma- lieve that God never puts before His nency. But all are agreed that the Church any duty which can not be great demand of our day is movement clone, any difficulty which can not be forward and together~to avoid either met. under-effort or overlapping; to avoid

THe:. LA&I<ADOR ESKIMOS IN 'l:Hl::.Ht. KAYAK

MISSIONARY WORK IN LABRADOR * BY REV. JAMES H. TAYLOR, WASHINGTON, D. C. Secretary of the Washington Branch of the Grenfell Association Altho Labrador lies practically be- and hardy set of navigators who steer tween the same parallels of -latitude as their craft with marvelous skill along the British isles, yet the coast of the this wreck-strewn coast.

former is very bleak and cold, due to Missionary work on the Labrador the fact that the Arctic current skirts dates from the arrival of the Moraits shore for many miles. This, in ad- vians, who came to bring the Gospel dition to the fog which is very preva- to the Eskimo. In recent years Dr. lent, especially in the Straits of Belle Wilfred Grenfell has been at work Isle, makes this one of the most dan- with his hospital ship and launches, as gerous coasts on this side of the At- well as with a number of hospitals lolantic. The rocky headlands rising cated at convenient points on the abruptly from the sea, the shoals of coast. Before the arrival of the Morock extending under the water, to- ravians, the Hudson's Bay Company gether with the innumerable islands had been trading in that part of the of rock that extend like a great fringe continent for many years. In 1670 from Battle Harbor to Cape Chidley, Charles the Second granted a charter furnish a coast both picturesque and to Prince Rupert and "seventeen other perilous. It is no wonder that these noblemen and gentlemen, giving them conditions have developed a daring the sole trade and commerce of all • There does not seem to be a ny satjsfactory reason why Labrador should be spoken of as The Labrador, unless it is a contracted form for The Labrador Coast. At any rate the definite article Is nearly always prefixt to this nameJ and One becomes quite accustomed to hearing it. The origin of the name Labrador is somewhat hidden in mystery. tho variotts explanations have been given. The name Le bras d'or given by the early settlers has been sometimes accepted as an explanation; a name given on account of the supposed discovery of 50me kind of ore, possibly copper Or iron pyrites, similar to what may be seen on the shores of Newfoundland.

MISSIONARY WORK IN LABRADOR

those seas, straits, bays, rivers, lakes, body of people that they went into creeks and sounds, etc." By this this unknown region and, deprived of grant the Hudson's Bay Company had all but the most infrequent means of unlimited rights to this region, and it communication and cut off to an un- was not until 1749 that any advance usual degree from any knowledge of was made into the interior. As this the outside world, have maintained company was first on the ground they this work for nearly a century and a interpreted their initials "Here Be- half. Even to-day a visitor from the fore Christ"; a sort of self-congratu- outside world is a rare occurrence, lation that they had anticipated the' 'practically only when the Government missionary. They did not retain this mail-ship arrives with the mail or Dr.

distinction long, as the Moravians Grenfell makes a call.

soon established mission stations on There are stations at Hebron, Okak, the coast. Nain, Hopedale and Makovik. There The two forms of missionary activ- was a station at Ramah, but that has ity now in progress on The Labrador been discontinued. The mission at are the Moravian Missions to the Es- Nain, which is one of the largest sta- kimos, and the Royal National Mission tions, is splendidly equipped and un- to Deep Sea Fishermen conducted by der the personal supervision of Bishop Dr. Wilfred T. Grenfell. Martin. The mission-house is situ- Mi••ion Work Among the Eskimos ated just at the foot of the mountain of rock that rises precipitously from The Eskimos of Labrador live on the water's edge. Around the shore the coast, and for the most part north line of this bay of Nain, protected by of Indian Harbor. There are prac- the high cliffs from the force of the tically no Eskimos in the interior, as sea, are to be seen the Eskimo huts this part of the region is held by the that the missionary has taught the na- Indians. There is a tradition that tive to build. These huts are quite many years ago the Eskimo en- comfortable and in great contrast to croached on the interior, and was the sealskin tent and the "igloo," or forced to settle with the Indian the snow-house, of the Eskimo of the far- question of territorial rights by a con- ther north. A sort of turf, made by the flict. This battle took place on an moss that covers the grounsI and the island from which the name Battle rocks in many places, is used as a Island has come. The result was that roofing for the hut. The missionary the Eskimo was forced to remain on has constantly protested against the the coast and the Indian took the in- adoption of European customs and terior. It is estimated that there are dress by the native Eskimo, but in about 1,200 Eskimos on the coast of many cases without avail. It is the Labrador, tho there is no way of se- desire of the missionary that many of curing an accurate census.. the native customs be retained, but the The Moravians began their work on Eskimo has fallen before the attrac- The Labrador in 1771, having pre- tions of civilization jf the style of dress viously established a mission in Green- be an attraction.

land in 1733. It is a great trib- Thus, at many places along the ute to the missionary zeal of this coast he is to be seen with a combina- THE MORAVIAN MISSION STATION AT NAIN, LABRADOR tion of "sillipak," or loose jacket, sionaries have been opposed to the European trousers and sealskin boots. adoption of the customs of the white This seems of itself a very unessential man on the part of the Eskimo. In thing except that it suggests the seri- consequence of this decline in the numous fact that the Eskimo is fast de- ber of the Eskimos, the mission station creasing on The Labrador. He is dis- at Ramah has been abandoned. appearing before civilization, and may offer the same ethnic study as our own The industry of these missionaries North American Indian. As an an- is inspiring. At Hopedale and at Nain swer to this problem the Rev. H. A. they have cultivated attractive gar- Peck, for over thirty years a mission- dens, in places where there is some soil ary to the Eskimos of Baffin's Bay, between the great rocky headlands. suggests that the Eskimo has left his In these gardens they raise turnips, primitive mode of life and tried to cabbage, parsnips, beets and, in one at adopt customs for which he is not least, some remarkable specimens of fitted by nature. For instance, with cauliflower. In front of the missionthe Eskimo in his native life the strug- houses at Nain and Hopedale the beds gle for existence is severe and un- of pansies and daisies, almost within compromising. He must catch seals reach of the Arctic current, have a or die. When he has come in contact coloring that seem to be more gorwith the white man he has developed geous than we find farther south. a dependence on that race that has made him less able and less willing to One can not fail to be imprest with continue this sort of struggle. It the air of optimism and the spirit of should be stated clearly that the mis- contentment to be found at the mis- sions. One of the missionaries who expected to go home to England last

I9 10J MISSIONARY WORK IN LABRADOR

fall said, "I would be tremendously aries to face and solve. For the disappointed if I thought that any- present, the Eskimo has the assurance thing would prevent my return to this that against the invasion of the vices wo r k . " of civilization he has the help of Godly men and women to enable him to with- It is a delightful, simple Christian stand the dangers that contact with the community that these missionaries white man may bring him. have established about the mission. It is not difficult to see the light of the Work Among the Deep Sea Fi.hermen Gospel of Jesus Christ in the faces of these natives who have been so faith- Dr. Wilfred Grenfell has done much fully taught. One evening, as our to make The Labrador known to the ship was lying at anchor off Hope- world as well as to bring the gospel dale, I gathered into the cabin a num- of hope and health and joy and peace ber of these people from the mission. to the fisherfolk of Labrador. That It so happened that in our ship was a part of Labrador which stretches piano that interested them very much, north from Blanc Sablon is spoken of for they are very musical. To the ac- as Newfoundland Labrador, while companiment of the piano they sang that part that stretches southwest is in their own language the old hymns the Canadian Labrador. Both these of the Church with a simplicity and portions of the coast have been the enthusiasm that suggested the faith scenes of Dr. Grenfell's work. The of a little child. What the outcome headquarters of this Labrador work is of this mission work will be among St. Anthony's, at the extreme norththis race which has given signs of de- ern part of Newfoundland. Here is crease is a problem for the mission- a hospital . an orphanage and an in- ESKIliOS OF NAIN, LABRADOR, IN EUROPEAN – DRt:SS T~E GRENFELL MISSION HOSPITAL AT INDIAN HARBO'R, LABRADOR dustrial school; for the endeavor is the helm of the steamer, "I will make made to teach the people some indus- you fishers of men." One of the first trial arts, in order that they may not and the most important hospital on be so absolutely dependent upon the The Labrador is the one at Battle Harcod-fishery. All during the summer bor. Battle Harbor is the most eastthe entire coast of Labrador is dotted ern point of Labrador and stands far with fishing schooners that go "down out to the sea; the coast stretching north" after the codfish. This indus- northwest in one direction and southtry, that has been the mainstay of the west in another. Here, as tradition people for many years, has produced has it, upon this island the Indians an absolute reliance upon the fishery and the Eskimos fought to determine as the sole means of livelihood. When their respective rights. The hospital this fails a vast number of people are at this point consists of a main buildpractically penniless. But until Dr. ing two and a half stories high, and a Grenfell came to this coast the people wing that contains a woman's ward had hardly any medical attention save and a man's ward. The accommodafor the spasmodic visits of a physician tion is for about thirty-five patients, who was sent down by the government tho at times, owing to great demands during a part of the summer. It was for room, more than this number have to relieve this severe need and the con- been accommodated. Here may be sequent distress that caused Dr. Gren- had a splendid idea of the work of fell to establish his hospitals and to the mission. The government boats send the mission steamer along the which ply up and down the coast coast on errands of mercy to heal the bring patients regularly, and as long sick. The spirit of the enterprise is as there is any possibility of making well described by the inscription on room no one. is denied an entrance. ONE OF DR. GRENFELL'S iiOSPITALSAT DATTLE HARDOI{, LABRADOR Over the door of the hospital in large is necessary that a patient should have letters are these words which fairly constant supervision, the sick person describe the spirit of the work: "In- is taken aboard and in a little hosasmuch as ye have done it unto one pital arranged amidships in the of the least of these, my brethren, ye steamer can be cared for until landed have done it unto me." When one at one of the regular hospitals. realizes that many a man and woman and child has been saved from suffer- Outside of the regular medical staff ing and been introduced to the practi- of the mission, whose remuneration is cal Christianity of Christ, it confirms exceedingly small, the workers are our faith in Him who healed the sick. volunteers who go for the summer and At Indian Harbor, farther north, is gladly give their services to this work. another hospital not so large as the In this way some of the most efficient one at Battle Harbor, but doing most physicians and nurses have gone from excellent work. By locating a hos- the United States and Canada to lend pital farther north Dr. Grenfell has a hand. One is imprest with the made these places accessible to the spirit that pervades all the mission fishermen. For those who venture stations, and the desire of all, even even farther along the northern shore visitors, to help. During the winter the mission steamer affords help; for the problem is, of course, more diffievery summer, manned with her crew cult and duties more severe. But as of physicians and sailors, the steamer the fishermen return to their homes, makes the journey along the coast, and the boat:> are tied up for the winministering to the sick as the boat ter, the physicians must take dog and calls in at the many fishing harbors sledge and go up and down the coast that dot the coast. In cases where it carrying the message of help to the homes of· the people. There is much of heroism and real downright hard physician. Nothing could have been work in the winter duties of doctors more impressive than the evening and nurses. And yet one never hears service at Battle Harbor, when a a word of complaint, but rather stories great number of the people gathered of enthusiastic endeavors to reach in the little chapel. Great, strong cases of illness and need. men and young stalwart boys just At Harrington, on the Canadian reaching manhood, women and chil- Labrador, is another hospital recently dren from the fishing homes, nurses begun, but already by the number of patients justifying its position and and doctors from the hospital, listenpromising a future of much useful- ing attentively as this faithful missionness. ary preached to them Christ. But this hospital work is not the en- If Labrador ever becomes a more tire work of the mission, for Dr. Grenfell found that he must do some- habitable land than it is now, much thing to relieve the people from the commercial bondage into which their of the credit will be due to the circumstances and dependence on the energy and faith of Wilfred Grenfell. codfish industry put them. :rhe trucksystem, whereby the fisherman would The great unexplored region of the inpractically mortgage his summer terior is a living challenge to go up catch of fish for the provisions he had already consumed in the winter, made and possess the land. The day will it necessary that something should be done to relieve this order of things. come when the interior may be opened For this reason he has established a number of cooperative stores, by up and vast resources hitherto unmeans of which the fisherman may known laid bare. This will be triumph buy his flour and molasses and salt at a fair price instead of paying abnor- worthy of our century. But let it be mally high prices for his supplies. In this way Dr. Grenfell came into direct remembered that the inspiration to conflict with the trader, who found that his craft was· in danger of being much of this was the faith of a man set at nought. This system of co- who went to the bleak shore of this operative stores has brought relief to icy land to carry the message that many families, and in some instances has enabled them to save something Christ taught and bade us to take to from their fishing. But it has also in- the uttermost part. In obedience to troduced the custom of paying cash for fish, where formerly no one ever this supreme duty the Moravians and thought of anything but credit on the Grenfell have invested their lives in books. Labrador, and the future will restore More than all this, Dr. Grenfell has taken the message of Christ to these to the dwellers of the land the compeople, for he is preacher as well as pound interest that these investments have made. * A TESTIMONY TO MISSIONS Hon. Winston Churchill of the British Government, formerly Under Secretary for the Colonies, and now president of the Board of Trade, speaking at the opening of The Orient in London, said, "Every penny presented to the cause of missions is a contribution to good government; every penny spent on missions saves the spending of pounds in administration, for missions bring peace and law and order."

* The writer is secretary of the Washington branch of the Grenfell Association, and is prepared to receive and forward gifts to the work of Dr. Grenfell. Address, 304 Rhode Island Avenue, Northwest.

SALVATION OF

BY REV. SAMUEL ZANE BATTEN, D.O., LINCOLN, NEBRASKA In the nineteen centuries of its his- been cold and worldly, when they have tory Christianity has done great forgotten the real work of Christ in things in the world. More than one the world and have hardly lisped the student of human affairs has traced first syllable of the Christian gospel.

the march of Christ down the cen- But with it all the Church has en- turies and has recorded the victories dured, showing a wonderful power of of the Son of Man. No study can be moral renewal and doing the work"of more interesting and inspiring than Christ in spite of its failings and de- the study of these great achievements fects.

of the Christ. Beyond all these things Christianity The finest type of personal morality has created the missionary enterprise, and saintly life has come through one of the most splendid achievements Christianity. The Spirit of Christ of the Christian spirit and one of the came as a new creative spirit brood- best illustrations of the Christian ing over the chaos of the world and principle. In obedience to the com- in course of time it brought forth a mands of their Master, men and wo- new type of manhood that may be men have sundered the ties of home called Christian. In the progress of and have gone forth to the ends of the the centuries this type has unfolded earth to bear the glad tidings of salva- and developed, and to-day there is a tion to the lost. In good report and type of character that is as distinct- in ill, enduring hardships and risking ive as it is splendid. their lives, they have penetrated the The Christian spirit dwelling in frozen north and have crossed burning men has also created a type of family deserts; with a patience that never life that is no less distinctive. Chris- fails and with a love that never falters, tianity arose at a time when the bonds they have sought th~ lost peoples and of human society were dissolving and have loved them into the Kingdom.

when marriage was lightly esteemed. The missionary enterprise is one of But in the course of time, wherever the finest triumphs of the Christian the Christian spirit has made way, a spirit, and in it the very heart of great change came over the lives of Christianity is revealed. No one who men. Before long a new type of studies human history with impartial family life was seen and the Chris- mind can do other than admire these tian home became a reality. This is a great achievements of the Christian great achievement and no one can spirit.

overestimate its influence upon hu- The Unfini.hed Task man society. But the fact remains that Chris- This is not all; the Christian spirit tianity has not yet wrought the re- has also created the Christian Church, demption of the world. It has not by an achievement no less significant and any means created a Christian type of potent. It is easy for one who is so human society. Lecky has shown that inclined to frame an indictment against in the early middle ages the Church the Church and to sustain that indict- did not appreciably improve the moral ment at the bar of history. There have condition of the Eastern Empire. For been times when the churches have 1,500 years the Church has practically

dominated the life of Italy and Spain, ceive the essential Christ, it has been France and Russia; and yet the moral said, is the special task of each new and social conditions of these peoples generation. to-day is the standing reproach of Christendom. I. The Weakne.. of Individualism Protestantism can claim little ad- Thus far in the history of Christian vantage over either the Roman Catho- effort men have thrown great emlic or the Greek Church in these re- phasis upon the salvation of individspects. The moral and social condi- uals. In the generations great things tions of the United States, Great have been done by the children of the Britain and Germany are better than Kingdom, and much progress has been in any other nations of the globe. But made. Millions of souls have been the sad confession must be made that won unto God and have been saved Christianity has not by any means for lives of purity and power. Great transformed these peoples or wrought changes have come over human sothe redemption of society. It is evi- ciety and many an evil has gone never dent, therefore, that there is another to return. factor entering into the problem that must be taken into account. This But the fact remains that the methfactor is made very plain the moment ods thus far followed have not prowe consider the purpose of Christ and duced the largest results and have not the program of His Kingdom. transformed human society. The fact is also that the method of individual The Kingdom of God, in the Chris- salvation gives no prospect of the saltian conception, may mean more than vation of society within any measua human society on earth, but it never rable time. It would be a gross miscan mean less. The program of the statement to say that the moral and Kingdom contemplates the salvation social condition of the cities of the of the world and its transformation world has not improved in historic into the Kingdom of God. The work times; but it is simple truth to say of Christ on earth is not complete that the progress in these cities is so until that has been accomplished. slow and uncertain as to be almost The world is the subject of Christ's unnoticed. It is needless here to adredemption, and nothing less than this duce evidence indicting the great cities can satisfy the purpose of God. A of Christendom, for this evidence is pa~t of this program has been fulfilled, known to all. London is confessedly but items in that program have been the greatest city in the world; and yet omitted. In view of this it becomes London is the standing reproach of us to examine carefully our programs the world. "Talk about Dante's hell and our methods, that we may know and all the horrors and cruelties of whether our methods are the best and the torture-chamber of the lost. The our programs are in accord with the man who walks with open eyes and program of Christ. If our present bleeding heart through the shambles methods and programs are too formal of our civilization needs no such fanand partial, we should enlarge them tastic images of the poet to teach him till they parallel the method and the horror."* Huxley's description of program of the kingdom. To recon- conditions in the East End of London • Booth, "In Darkest England," page 13.

THE SALVATION OF

is well known; among the lowest silent amazement, the upstate members savages he says that he has never of the commission declared : "New found such hopelessness and misery York ought to be abolished." as in this region; and he does not hesitate to say: "If there is no hope of In these and other cities of Chrisa large improvement of the condition tendom, Christian men have been at of the human family, I should hail the work for generations and for cenadvent of some kindly comet which turies preaching the Gospel, seeking should sweep the whole affair away as the lost, building churches and founda desirable consummation." In Lon- ing rescue missions; yet to-day it is don there is a Submerged Tenth, not easy to see wherein they are imcaught by the maelstrom and sinking proving from generation to generain the flood, abandoned and despair- tion. Indeed, some thoughtful people ing, without God and without hope. declare that the great cities of the Above this is a larger class in poverty world are degenerating, and that the ~at least thirty per cent of the total~ churches are steadily losing ground. who are unable to obtain the neces- Be all this as it may, the fact remains saries of life which will permit them that the progress is so slow and disapto maintain a state of physical effi- pointing that we can hardly measure ciency. "Hell," said Shelley, "is a city it~ gains. In these cities millions of much like London." The man who people are unblest by the Gospel and walks with open eyes through the East live without any of the things that End of London and the wynds and make for admiration, hope and love. closes of Edinburgh and Glasgow is In these cities boys and girls are living tempted at times to call for the crack in conditions which practically make of doom to come and end all. impossible for them a decent and moral life, where the fresh bloom of What is true of London is true no purity is brushed from the cheek of less of New York City. Economic girlhood before she has learned the conditions are somewhat better here meaning of virtue, and the moral nathan in the old world, but the facts ture of the boy is warped before he are none the less appalling. In 1890, has learned the meaning of life. On according to Bishop Huntington, "re- the one side we have the spectacle of cent certified revelations have laid bare millions of people alienated from the the multiplied horrors and deprava- churches and wholly indifferent to the tion of the tenement population in Gospel message. These say: The great cities, where 41 out of every 100 churches are for the fortunate few; families live in a single room, and religion is good enough for those who where the poorest pay more for rent have time and money for it. On the than the rich for every cubic foot of other side, we see the Christian worker space and air." From year to year 10 baffled at every turn by social condiper cent of all those who die in New tions and fenced away from the peo- York City are buried in Potter's Field. ple by impassable economic barriers. In 1900 a commission was created in While conditions are such it is almost New York State to investigate tene- impossible to reach the people in any ment conditions in New York City. large numbers with the Gospel mes- After several days' investigation in sage; and while conditions are as

they are it is almost impossible for the friend, father, employer, workingman, convert to preserve his integrity. At tax-payer and citizen; and he is a good any rate, by our present methods there man in so far as he illustrates in these is no prospect that the kingdom will relations his essential life. The fact ever come in any measurable time. is, also, that if every person in the With home conditions as they are, and world should be converted and become with so many suggestions to evil on a good individual, the Kingdom of every hand, the Gospel worker finds God might not yet be attained. The himself thwarted at every turn. By ideal of the kingdom will never be the method of work largely limited to satisfied until all men are associated individual work on individuals, ex- in right, righteous, fraternal and lovcellent and Christian as this is, there ing relations with one another. To is no near prospect of the redemption realize the ideal of the kingdom, to of these cities. With the present en- behold the virtues of the kingdom, we vironment, and with so many ob- must have goodness and love exprest stacles as now exist, the saving of in human relations, and incarnated in these cities is an indefinite and remote social forms. The Son of Man never possibility. called any man to a life of isolation from his fellows; always and every- II. The Method of Social Action where he called men to brotherhood in a family and to fellowship in a society. The Kingdom of God is an ideal which demands human, social and col- Second, the making of the kingdom lective action. Individual action alone demands collective and social action. can never solve a social problem. In The present method of individualistic the words of Thomas Arnold, "The effort is not sufficient. The practise true and grand idea of a church is of charity, nursing the sick, feeding that of a society for making men like the hungry, visiting the prisoners, Christ, earth like heaven and the king- keeping alive the sickly, rescuing the doms of this world the Kingdom of outcasts, can never permanently im- God." Stated differently, the end prove the race and bring in the Kingthat we seek is a perfect man in a per- dom of God. Nay, worse, it has befect society. This means social action come very plain that many of these no less than personal effort. To carry efforts increase the very evil they are out this program two things are all designed to remedy; and much of this important and must be kept in mind. effort is so misapplied that it means the deterioration of society. Sickness, First, the making of the kingdom poverty, crime and misery have social means much more than the making of causes as well as individual, and can good individuals. There is no such never be wholly eliminated by indithing conceivable or possible as an in- vidual action. dividual who is good by himself and unto himself. Man is a being of re- By the method of individual effort lationships, and right life is life in alone, by dealing with results and right relations. The man who is good neglecting causes, we can never at all is good in the relations in which achieve the redemption of man and he finds himself; to be a good man build a Christian city. It is very beaumeans to be a good member of the tiful to build churches and conduct social order. Man is a son, brother,

THE SALVATION OF SOCIETY

rescue missions; but while we are then, shall we do? Shall we give up saving one poor outcast a dozen other the salvation of these cities? Shall girls are led astray-through igno- we be satisfied to save a few souls out rance on their part or neglect on the of the wreck of a perishing world? part of society-and are sold into Shall we give over this work of citywhite slavery. It is very Christ- saving as a hopeless task? like to nurse the sick and to equip a sanatorium for the consumptive; but We can not do this without disif, while we are doing' this, and are loyalty to Christ; we can not give up neglecting housing conditions and are these cities without confessing failpermitting unsanitary tenements, a ure. But this we will do, and this we dozen other lives are contracting the must do. We will revise our methods white plague and are being doomed and enlarge our plans and will follow to an early death. It is very Christian the whole program of the kingdom. to send missionaries to China and Af- We will seek to understand all the rica; but if, while our Christian mis- factors that enter into a life-heredity, sionary with his Bible is making one environment, and individual will-and convert for the kingdom, the agents of we will then enlist them all in the the opium traffic and the rum trade work of saving society. We have are ensnaring a dozen men, and are tried to make saints in hell. We have riveting the chains of a worse slavery expected men to live saintly lives unupon their souls, we are not saving der satanic conditions. We have forthe world. gotten that environment determines a hundred things in life, both before and It is very necessary that we seek to after conversion. We have tried to save the lost men and women of the save souls for the kingdom hereafter slums; but while we are doing this, when we are called to save lives for and are permitting the slums to re- the kingdom here. We have forgotten main, a dozen children are growing that Christ came to save the whole up in demoralizing conditions, ex- man, spirit, mind and body, for this posed to all kinds of evil and forming world and for every world. The habits which become a part of life it- times of this ignorance God may wink self. It is right that we should preach at, but He now commands us to work the Gospel and should work for in- in a wiser and more fruitful way. dividual souls; but unless we do something more than this and make straight III. Program of Social Salvation paths for men's feet, and mold their lives for the kingdom from the very It is not possible and it is not start, a dozen lives will be warped and necessary here to attempt to outline stained and their recovery thus made this program; but several items entenfold more difficult. The first of tering into it may be named. these we ought to do, but the second we must not leave undone. We must inspire men to live and labor in the vision and power of the In the matter of city saving great whole Kingdom of God. We have things have been done in the genera- been trying earnestly to save our own tions, but the methods have not pro- souls and to prepare them for life in duced a Christian civilization. What, some other world. We have labored faithfully to save men from sin and turn them unto righteousness. We

have wept and prayed over the lost the corner groggery. We will rememnations of earth, and have given our ber that there will be no pure air for children and our money that the good any of us to breathe till there is pure news might be carried to every crea- air for the least of God's children. ture. We have built hospitals, and We will set ourselves "seriously to inhave organized relief societies, and quire whether it is necessary that there have sought to nurse the sick and to shall be any so-called lower classes at relieve distress. All this is most all; whether there need be large numbeautiful and most Christian, and not bers of people doomed from birth to one of these things could have been hard work in order to provide for left undone. But not all of these things otlu:rs the requisites of a refined and together are sufficient to fulfil the cultured life."* whole purpose of Christ and to bring in the Kingdom of God. We must have We will study the causes of crime some great and comprehensive and and pauperism, misery and disease, Christian program of social action. and will change results by removing We must seriously and consciously un- causes. We will create a new type of dertake the work of building Christian city life, and will seek to build from cities and of transforming the social the ground up a city planned on Chrislife of the world. tian lines and built after the divine pattern. We will put forth a collective In the prosecution of this program and unchanging effort to secure for we will give increased attention to every person the conditions of a full, the factors of heredity and environ- human, worthy, moral life. We will ment, and will enlist them in the work learn to hold the resources of society of social redemption. We will give in trust for all its members, and will increased attention to the life of the put forth a steady effort to give every family, and will learn how to use this person a fair inheritance in society. mighty factor of heredity in behalf of We will seek to realize our faith, our race improvement. We will change love, our intelligence, our conscience, human conditions, and will demand a in all the details of our social, indusbetter environment for the growing trial, economic and civic life. In fact, life, thus making it possible for every we will consciously and collectively life to grow up tall and strong and undertake the work of social salvation, clean and pure. We will seek to pro- and will seek to transform and Chrisvide for our neighbor's children the tianize the whole family, social, ecosame conditions that we ask for our nomic and political life of man. children, and will remember that no man's boy or girl is ever safe until To carry out this program means every man's boys and girls are safe. that we will carry the standard of the We will provide playgrounds for the Cross at the head of the whole column children, and will remove many of the of life and will bring the truth of temptations that beset them at every Christ to bear upon every problem of turn. We will safeguard the growing society. We will take His principles life, and will not allow it to become into the social and industrial life of the prey of human harpies. We will the world and will incarnate them in break up the girl-traps and will close * Marshall. "Principles of Economics," Chap. If page 1.

SALVATION OF

civic and social institutions. We will feet man in a perfect society. "Chris- fill society with the spirit of justice tianity," said Immanuel Fichte, "is and brotherhood which shall produce destined some day to be the inner or- such forms of cooperation and equity ganizing power of the State." It is as shall secure the prevalence of the business of all who believe in friendship and good will among men. Christianity to organize the State after We will carry the Christian ideal of the Spirit of Christianity. "There is a Holy City into the political life of in human affairs an order which is the world and will seek to enact such best," said De Laveleye. "This order laws as shall be the human transcript is not always the one which now pre- of the decalogue. We will set our vails, but it is the order which should faces like flint against all social cus- prevail. God knows it and wills it. toms and practises that are evil and Man's duty it is to discover and hindering and will seek to create bet- realize it." ter and more helpful customs. We Finally, and as the sum of all, we will understand the real mission of the will arouse and enlist all men of good State and will enlist the mighty ma- will in the work of social reconstruc- chinery of government in behalf of tion. To this end we will seek a union honesty, morality, religion and edu- of all who love in behalf of all who cation. It is not enough for Chris- suffer. The grace of love is the greattianity to make good individuals-if est grace and the virtue of cooperation that were possible; but it must teach is the supremest virtue. However it these men who want to be good how may have been in the past, the great to associate themselves in righteous duty of all men of good will to-day is and brotherly relations. It is not the duty of union and cooperation in enough for men to be honest and con- behalf of the kingdom. The people scientious in their personal lives, but of the churches must accept this duty they must begin to incarnate their first of all and they must unify and honesty and conscientiousness in in- federate their forces; they must dustrial systems and civil laws. It is mobilize their people and must think not enough for Christian people to of each denomination as one division build churches and conduct Sunday-' of the King's army. They must come schools and distribute tracts, but they together ~nd make the King's purmust also take stumbling-blocks out pose for men their plan of campaign. of the way of the people and teach There are enough intelligent and them how to build more Christian right-thinking men in the average homes and inspire them to build a community to change the whole pomore Christian city. It is not enough litical life and to inaugurate a better for us to have goodness and kindness order of things. But alas! these men and love in the hearts of men, but we are divided to-day by all kinds of lines, must incarnate these virtues in social real and imaginary; and worst of all, customs, in political institutions, in in- the churches themselves are not united, dustrial orders and economic systems. and therefore can not unify the peo- Society needs saving as much as the ple. One part of the churches' misindividual; and the purpose of Christ sion is to set up a standard and then will not be realized till we have a per~ rally men around that standard. The

churches must breed a generation of of grace and seeks to grow up into men able and courageous enough to Christ in all things; as the Christian deal with the evils of society and to husband and wife consciously and lead the faith of the people. gladly unite their lives to build a Christian home in which the Spirit of The churches need a large and com- Christ can reign and each life is prehensive and positive plan of cam- blest; as a company of disciples paign. They need to mobilize the consciously and lovingly stri<e toforces of righteousness in behalf of gether to create a Christian Church truth and purity and victory. We can that shall be a real fellowship of love not do everything, but we can do and a real household of faith; so the something. We may not be able to people of a community calling thembring in the kingdom in our day, but selves intelligent and Christian will we can remove some obstacles to the consciously and resolutely set before kingdom's coming. There is a vast themselves the task of building up a difference between the better and the society on earth after the divine patworse. There is a vast amount of tern where every life has its place, remediable wrong in this world. where no one is wronged or trodden There is many a path that may be under foot, where all have right to the straightened for men's feet. There is good things of life, and where all men many a healing and helping influence live together in brotherhood and that may be set to work in the world. peace. In a word, the program of the Any effort that will help any soul in kingdom is summed up in the task of any way is the translation into deed rightening the relations of men, asof some article of the Christian faith. sociating them in righteous and fra- ternal relations, interfusing their The people who call themselves hearts in common aims, and interlock- Christian must consciously and col- ing their wills in a common will and lectively set to work to build up in the thus embodying their essential life in earth a society that realizes the ideal social institutions which shall realize of the kingdom, a city of God that has tre ideal of the kingdom. come down to earth. As the man in whom Christ lives uses all the means TEN YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO RICO BY CHARLES L. THOMPSON, D.D., LL.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions This beautiful island is attracting a ernment of the island. Perhaps their good deal of attention. Its physical demands are excessive, but it is a good resources are beginning to he appre- sign that they are awaking to their ciated and the value of its products possible place as part of the great remore correctly estimated, and the peo- public. pIe themselves are beginning to be The changes that have been wrought more fully appreciated. With some in the last decade are clearly seen by American spirit they are rising to one visiting the island after an abclaim their rights as American citizens, sence of nine or ten years. Then the demanding a just share in the gov- ox-carts were everywhere creeping at

19IO] TEN YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO RICO

A VIEW OF SAN JVAN , PORTO RICO From th e wireless station, east of the city proper. This view ;5 lo oking directly toward the Mors at the entrance to the harbor a snail's pace; to-day-while they have fine military road from San Juan to not wholly disappeared and should Ponce. Now, while it would be too not-yet past them on every highway much to say that there are good roads go the flying automobiles at the usual everywhere, there certainly are very American rate of speed. Then, a little many of them, reaching along the French railroad ran in short sections, level stretches by the seacoast and interrupted by long stages; to-day a climbing over the mountains inland. continuous line runs from San Juan The people are thus brought within along the north and the west coasts reach of each other, and with the inof the island to Ponce, in the south. crease of transportation facilities there Perhaps it is not even yet strictly has been a corresponding rise in the proper to say that the trains run, as value of the inland plantations. that word implies too much speed; but one having proper regard for life Furthermore, there are vastly betis not anxious that the rate of speed ter methods of agriculture than there should be very much increased on that were ten years ago. The government insecure track. The accommodations experiment stations, in which experion the trains, however, are far better ments are made in a scientific way of than they were ten years ago. the various kinds of soil on the island and the various products adapted to Another evidence of American oc- the soil and the climate, give a decupation is the rapid opening up of cidedly better chance-to those who degood roads. Ten years ago there was pend upon the soil for their living. only one good road on the island-a Coffee and sugar are still the main

products, but the range of products drals were practically empty except on will steadily increase as the experi- the great feast days, and the priests ments show the possibility of such in- had done nothing to relieve the dense crease. ignorance which enveloped the mass of the people. As a result multitudes The Church in Porto Rico of them had turned away from any elevotion to the Church, seeking in It is now ten years and more since spiritism some satisfaction for their the eye of the Church in the United hunger of soul. States was turned toward Porto Rico as a field for operations. It has been It was a sign of good things to come for centuries nominally a Christian when four great missionary boards, A PORTO RICAN HOME} SANTURCE, P. R.

This is not the kind usually photographed by. tourists land, but nominally only. A decade planning for their work on the island, ago there was not a building erected decided to engage in it on a basis of for public-school purposes on the federation, dividing the territory of island. Now they are springing up the island among them and assuming in many places, and far up among the definite responsibility for the distinct hills the flutter of the American flag portion assigned to them. This frafrom some lowly building testifies that ternal compact has been kept, with the the public-school system is giving boys result that now after these few years and girls a chance. Not only was the the Gospel is preached in probably 500 Spanish Romanism which prevailed churches and chapels; there is a Protthere loaded with superstition, but it estant membership of probably 10,000, was not much regarded by either priest with twice as many adherents; there or people. The churches and cathe- is property valued at many hundreds

YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO

A COUNTRY HOUSE USED AS II. CHA PE L iJf thousands of dollars; and there are pansion are great. Anywhere among schools and hospitals which testify to the hills a door open for a Gospel servthe truth that the Gospel there ice attracts an audience. The people preached takes in every higher inter- are ready to hear and in many cases to est of the people. At first the churches obey. The following incidents are operating there found it difficult to illustrations of progress; secure much cooperation in the way uf financial support from the people Nine years ago the writer and one themselves, but latterly they are be- of the missionaries held a service in ginning to appreciate their responsi- a thickly settled country district where bility for helping to maintain the or- no Protestant service hac! ever before dinances of religion in their communi- been held. The missionary preached ties, and many out of their poverty are out of an old Spanish Bible, an heirgiving abundantly. loom in the family of the man on whose grounds the audience was as- Protestantism is now firmly rooted sembled; the heirloom, however, had in that island and is growing apace. no one to interpret its message. The The opportunities for continued ex- been silent all these years, there being AND THJt CONGREGATION

ISO people who listened that Sunday zenship. Porto Rico has a great fuafternoon listened as to glad tidings ture. It is not only in itself a beautiful for which their souls were longing. island, capable of supporting a large and prosperous population, but it is A few months ago the writer again directly in the line of the great travel visited that district and preached in a route of the world when in a few years church which was the outgrowth of the Panama Canal shall be opened, and that first missionary service. The a Christian civilization lighting up building was a commodious and com- those green mountains will be the fortable chapel, erected in large part cynosure of alI nations. by the gifts of ·the people themselves in that farming community. The man There is no manifest reason why It. MISSION SUNDAY-SCHOOL AT ESPIN/lL, PORTO R I CO at whose house the first service was that million of people should not be held is now an officer in this church, evangelized within the next decade. and one of his family is a student for They will, in that time, undoubtedly the ministry in the theological training- become American citizens in the full school at Mayaguez. exercise of the rights and in the full recognition of the responsibilities of Illustrations of this kind could be citizenship. Even now the question, indefinitely extended. It devolves on "Did it pay for the United States to the missionary societies at work in take Porto Rico?" finds an easy an- Porto Rico not to rest from their en- swer. How well it pays will be manideavors until that million of people lest when American schools and shall have the light of the knowledge American Christianity shaH have done of the Gospel of Christ and shall be their work for the entire popUlation. trained in the ways of Christian citi-

OBJECT-LESSON PREACHING IN FOREIGN

BY PROF. GEORGE E. DAWSON, PH.D. Professor in the Hartford School of Religious Pedagogy One of the principles most clearly likewise do most of the various mis- recognized among modern educators siomry peoples. These latter are, as is that both knowledge and the im- a rule, mentally and emotionally un- pulse to action depend fundamentally developed. They are similar to chil- upon sense-experience. This prin- dren. Their intellectual processes are ciple has popular application in what very elementary, consisting mainly of is called "object-lessons," as used more sense-perceptions, and the less com- especially in the elementary grades of plex forms of associative memory. Of instruction. The significance of ob- thinking that involves abstract ideas, ject-lessons in educating a child may they can do little. Their feelings are be made clearer by some considera- also directly dependent upon sensa- tions as to the nature of mind. Re- tions. They have but small power of duced to its simplest terms, the psy- inhibition, and act as feeling impels chic life is made up of incoming them. In short, the consciousness of stimuli and outgoing discharge of such people is little more than a series energy; that is to say, sensation and of sensations and motor reactions.

motor activity are the elementary com- The power that the educated mind ponents of consciousness. Reason, has of working with its stored-up imagination, and all the other func- mental images, and creating an ideal tions of the soul are what take place world, is lacking in them. Now it is between the incoming stimulus and obvious that such undeveloped minds the outgoing response. These more apprehend new truth, and respond to complex psychic functions have been it, in proportion as sense-experience built up, racially and individually, is made use of. They think best when through the simpler functions of sen- objects are placed before them, pal- sation and movement. What we feel pable to sight, hearing, touch, the and think depends, therefore, in the muscle-sense, taste and smell. Next last analysis, upon our sense-percep- to the objects themselves come sym- tions and the motor reactions we make bols and pictures of the objects. Last in response to these sense-perceptions. of all come words, whether spoken or Vivid and accurate sense-perceptions, written, and these have but little and adequate motor response, mean value, except as they call up the men- vivid and healthy feelings, and accu- tal images that have been derived rate, forceful thinking. Any curtail- through sensations. For such minds, ment of the sensory or the motor proc- moral and religious ideas can hardly esses in the psychic life impairs the exist except as they are represented intermediate processes of feeling and in the character and conduct of per- thinking. sons, or in the nature and relation of This general dependence of thought things palpable to the senses.

and impulse upon sense-experience It is clear, therefore, that those who holds true more especially in the ear- work among missionary peoples must lier stages of the mind's development. reach their minds and hearts through Children live essentially in a world of objects that appeal directly to the sensations and physical activities. So senses, or at least through mental

images that have been built up from the bottles perish; but they put new such objective experience. We have, wine into new bottles, and both are then, to consider some of the more im- preserved." portant principles that should guide the selection and use of object-lessons. In his book, "Forty Years Among the Zulus," Rev. Josiah Tyler gives 1. The. definiteness and force of the this extract from the sermon of impression made upon the mind by an a native preacher, which admirably ilobject are in direct proportion to the lustrates the principle of appealing to number of senses involved. Thus one as many senses as possible: "The gets a better idea of a strange fruit if Gospel is a great wagon laden with he sees, touches, smells and tastes it salvation. Christ told his disciples than if he only sees it. He gets a that it is to be carried to all nations. better idea of musical tones if he hears Believers are Christ's oxen; the load them, sees them symbolically pre- is to go and be distributed among the sented, and produces them himself, inhabitants of the world. If the oxen either by voice or instrument, than if are lazy, God will take them out and he merely hears them. So, likewise, put others in-those that will draw. he gets a better idea of the moral qual- Who of us are drawing the gospel ity of honesty if he hears the words wagon? If we are not, we shall find of an honest man, sees such a man do ourselves left out, and others will be an honest act, and practises honesty put in our place. Turn not away behimself, than if he derives his idea of cause the wagon is heavy. Pull, and honesty through words alone. strength will be given to you."

Jesus illustrates this principle in the 2. Of all the senses, sight, touch and lesson He drew from the barren fig- the muscle-sense, or sense of movetree, where the truth is lodged in His ment, convey the most vivid and forcedisciples' minds through an object that ful object-lessons. The human soul, appealed directly or indirectly to sight, whether child or adult, lives most contouch, taste and action. It is not ac- stantly in the world of color, form and cidental that this incident has been motion. Experiences that involve the for centuries one of the most forceful largest opportunities for seeing, hanillustrations of a useless life. Fre- dling and doing things have the largest quent examples of the same principle influence in modifying the mind and may be found in Jesus' teachings, both life. Jesus frequently employs this in His choice of objects and situations principle, both in His selection of obfrom which to draw some lesson, and in jects near at hand, and in His appeal His use of mental imagery that revives to past experience. For beauty and some past experience of His hear- attractiveness of mental imagery, take ers. An example of the latter is the this example: "Consider the lilies of following : "No man putteth a piece of the field, how they grow; they toil not, new cloth into an old garment, for neither do they spin; and yet I say that which is put in to fill it up taketh unto you that even Solomon in all his from the garment, and the rent is glory was not arrayed like one of made worse. Neither do men put new these." Or for vigor, take this exwine into old bottles; else the bottles ample: "Give not that which is break, and the wine runneth out and holy unto the dogs, neither cast ye

OBJECT-LESSON PREACHING IN FOREIGN MISSIONS

your pearls before swine, lest they what comforts! Our cup is running trample them under foot, and turn over!"

again and rend you." Here we have Contact With Thing.

a series of mental images drawn from 3. Objects actually present make the commonest experiences of sight, the strongest appeal to the mind. To touch and action which are so related see, hear, touch, taste, smell or do a as to convey some of the subtlest thing for ourselves, carries with the truths of human life. The same Zulu experience effects that are, in the na- preacher, already referred to, makes ture of the case, personal and vital to use of this principle in the following us and that can be produced in no word-picture, which is alive with color, other way. This is the principle made form and action: "Let us review the so much of by Rabelais, Comenius and past a little [referring to the condition other great educators, who wanted to of the natives before they were Chris- dispense with mere words entirely tianized]. It will do us good. Tum and bring children into immediate to the old deserted home under the contact with things. Rabelais, in the Quanda Mountain. There is no spot scheme of study outlined for his ideal to us on earth like that. There we character, Gargantua, made sensible were boys, when our father came with objects the basis of his program. In- his wagon and commenced building struction was to be given in connec- his house. There we saw one and tion with the common experiences of then another believing and building on children's lives. The nature and the station. There we were taught economy of the various foods and and felt our hearts growing warm with drinks were to be learned at the table love to God and to His Son. A few while eating. Botany was to be weeks ago I rode past that loved and taught while walking across the fields beautiful place. My heart was full of observing plants and trees. The old memories. I saw the bush where properties and uses of metals were to we went and made our first prayer. be investigated in the shops of silver- We hardly knew what made us pray. smiths, the foundries and laboratories.

We were naked, ignorant herder-boys. Few didactic lessons were to be given.

I said: Who is this now riding on a Intuitive instruction imparted in the good horse, with a saddle and bridle? presence of the objects themselves was He is well drest, so that this cold relied upon to give the pupil the wind is not felt. Verily, it is the same desired knowledge. Comenius also herder-boy! What a contrast! And made object-teaching the basis of his where is he going? To see his chil- educational program. "In the place of dren in the boarding schools! Did we dead books," said he, "why should we in those days, when we knew not how not open the living book of nature?

to hold a book-knew not which side To instruct the young is not to beat was up or which was down-think it into them by repetition a mass of would be all like this to-day? No! words, phrases, sentences, and opin- really, no! Goodness and mercy have -ions out of books; but it is to followed us. See how we have in- open their understanding through creased! Look into our houses; see things. The foundation of all knowl-

edge consists in correctly representing credulity as if they had been called sensible objects to our senses." Pesta- upon to fly. They were satisfied to lpzzi's attitude in this connection is il- "search the Scriptures" by listening to lustrated in the following incident: the preacher. But the missionary de- He was one day giving his pupils a cided to fix his text in their minds long description of how to draw the through a personal object-lesson. He picture of a window. While thus en- called them to him, taught them then gaged, he noticed one little fellow at- and there to recognize several letters tentively studying the real window of and call them by name, and assured the school-room. instead of following them that by following up this meththe teacher's words. From that mo- od they would soon learn to read. The ment, Pestalozzi put aside all his men were deeply imprest by finding verbal descriptions, and even his draw- that they could actually learn the charings, and took the objects themselves acters in the wonderful book. They as subjects of observation. "The took the primers offered them, began child," said he, "wishes nothing to in- to study diligently, and, in time, betervene between nature and himself." came able really to "search the Scrip- This principle, which is one of the tures." most important in all education, is 4. Next in importance to the real often exemplified in the teaching of objects of experience are symbolic rep- Jesus. Thus:"And Jesus, walking resentations of the objects. It is someby the Sea of Galilee, saw two breth- times difficult or impossible to bring ren, Simon, called Peter, and Andrew, the mind into direct relati0nship with his brother, casting a net into the sea: an object or set of conditions in such for they were fishers. And he saith a way as to convey clear conceptions unto them, 'Follow me, and I will of them. Thus we can not, by direct make you fishers of men.''' Or, object-lesson, give the mind an idea of again: "Then one said unto him, 'Be- the shape of the earth, or its movehold! thy mother and thy brethren ments. We can, however, symbolize stand without, desiring to speak with the earth by means of a globe; and its thee.' But he answered and said unto revolutions, by means of some mechhim, 'Who is my mother?' And he anism showing its motions in relastretched forth his hand toward his tion to the solar system. Jesus made disciples and said, 'Behold, my mother signal use of this type of object-lesson and my brethren!'" The following when He wished to teach His disciples, illustrations, drawn from missionary and mankind in general, the lesson of sources, will further show the appli- His sacrifice. A good example of cation of this principle. A missionary symbolic preaching is afforded in the in the Harpoot district preached a following descriptions of a sermon by sermon on "Search the Scriptures." a Chinese evangelist named Li, of Among those who listened to him were Changsha, China, on the value of the two aged men, who, in reply to the soul. "Mr. Li began by describing a request that they should get a primer, clock, without naming it, calling it learn to read and study the Scriptures dead and yet alive. He showed that for themselves, pointed to their white it has all the parts of a living mechhair and beard with as much in- anism, but that this mechanism is

dead; without two great essentials. in the communication of knowledge. The clock was then shown to the au- They help the mind to form an image dience and they were led to see that of color, form, and, to a less extent, a spring is the source of power, but of action. In proportion as they conthat power must be applied to the vey a true image, are they likely to spring before the mechanism does its subserve the ends of truth. Pictures work. The preacher skilfully illus- in colors are, for this reason, better trated by these facts the importance of than those in shades of white and the soul, and the relation which it black. It is necessary also that picbears on the one hand to man and on tures should have good perspective, so the other to God. About twenty min- as to show distinctly the form and utes were devoted to this illustration, relationship of objects represented. after which the preacher quoted a Most important of all, perhaps, for the number of texts from the Scriptures child-type of mind are pictures which, bearing upon the teaching of the value in addition to the qualities already of the soul." Another good example mentioned, suggest action. In genis given in a sermon preached by a eral, where pictures are used, the best native of South Africa on the Bible. are none too good. They should pre- "Wise men have made a telescope by sent the image accurately and forcewhich they can see other suns and fully. A picture that does not do this other moons and other stars-many is of doubtful value; for it presents to more than we can see with our eyes. the mind an image that is untrue to But the greatest telescope is the book reality. made by God. It brings God's character to our view. We can see His Missionary peoples, like children, holiness and benevolence. It brings are very fond of pictures. Their at- Christ to our view. We hear His tention may always be attracted and words; He walks and talks with us. their interest held by this means. It is a wonderful telescope, because it Here, then, is a medium of instrucdraws us to Him and binds us to Him tion of great importance to the misforever. It shows us the way to sionary preacher. It ought to become heaven; we see its beauty and bright- more and more available for his use. ness and joy. We see also those great, Modern facilities are multiplying the strong believers-old Abraham, Isaac resources of popular art. The masterand Jacob-who had faith to believe pieces of religious painting dealing what we call improbabilities."* with Bible characters and events are being reproduced in photographs, en- u.. of Picture. gravings, etc., at a cost that puts them within the reach of all. Series of 5. Next in importance to the sym- large sermon-pictures illustrating spe- cial themes, and lantern-slides dealing bols of objects are the pictures of ob- with almost every religious subject, jects. Pictures are less effective than are also obtainable at comparatively symbols, because they can present few- small cost. All these art appliances er of the elements of experience. ought to help the foreign missionary However, pictures are valuable aids in his task of inculcating moral and religious truth. • Quoted by Tyler in his "Forty Years Among the Zulu….

6. Furthest removed from actual creation to the crucifixion, to his un- sense-experience of all the media that bounded delight. The Zulu preacher, may be ftsed to bring the mind into whose sermons have already supplied contact with objects are words. Yet us with illustrations, may again be words that are chosen with a view quoted as an artist in the use of words. to reviving mental images derived He was preaching on "Christ as the through experience are of value. The Great Physician." "What would you average mind is sufficiently endowed think," said he, "if you should come with imagination to call up past ex- into a house and see a man lying on perience when a suitable stimulus is his mat looking ill, and you should given. The art of word-picturing is ask: 'What is the matter?' and he reto supply this stimulus. Perhaps there plied, 'Nothing at all'? You say, 'Tell is no surer test of high art in the pre- me, that I may help you. Where is sentation of ideas than the ability to your pain?' 'I tell you, I am quite revive in the minds of those instructed well,' replies the man. You beg him the deepest and most fundamental ex- to allow you to send for the doctor, periences. but he refuses. Just so it is with sin- ners. You see that they are ill, and In the use of language that calls wish them to send for the Great Phyup the objects of sense-experience, sician, but they do not see it. What Jesus again affords numerous excel- shall we think of them?" lent examples. Witness His parable of the Sower, the Grain of Mustard All these principles which thus con- Seed, the Hidden Treasure, the Un- dition the choice and effective use of merciful Servant, the Prodigal Son, object-lessons by the missionary are, the Laborers, the Wic~ed Husband- of course, epitomized in the objectmen, the Talents, and all the rest of lesson he himself supplies in his own His wonderful appeals to fundamental personality and conduct. Just as experiences. There is a remarkable Jesus the Christ presents in His perepisode described by Stanley in his sonality and deeds a perfect objectbook, "Through the Dark Continent," lesson of all He taught, so must any which illustrates the power of word- disciple of Christ who points the way painting. Mtesa, the great king of to Him be the thing and do the thing Uganda, had his curiosity excited by that illustrates that way. There is no some remarks of Stanley about the greater object-lesson in the world,none Bible and angels. Meetings were ar- that better meets all the conditions of ranged, and for days Stanley held the a forceful appeal to human souls, than king and all his court spellbound by personality. And next to that is con~ his narratives and descriptions based duct. After all our study of the laws upon the Bible and Milton's "Paradise of mind and the principles of instruc- Lost." So complete were these stories tion, the thing we really teach to and descriptions that when Stanley others is ourselves, and the way in had finished, Mtesa had an abridged which we teach tha tthing is by the translation of the Bible from the deeds we do.

THE FIRST ESKIMO

AN EASTER BAPTISM IN GREENLAND BY BELLE M. BRAIN, DETROIT, MICHIGAN Easter Sunday, March 29, 1739, terranean mansion, where it was alwas a day of great rejoicing in the ways summer and where there was Moravian Mission at New Herrnhut always plenty to eat. After death in Greenland. To the gladness of the souls were said to go either up to the Resurrection day, so fittingly com- region of cold and famine or down memorated by Moravians throughout into the delectable abode of warmth the world, was added the joy of bap- and plenty. tizing four Eskimo converts, the first No mission ever seemed to have Courtesy of Th. Outlook greater discouragement at the outset and in none was the faith of the mis- HANS EGEDE MAKING PAR-ISH CALLS IN GREENLAND sionaries ever put to sorer tests. In May 20, 1733, the cousins, Matthew fruits of six years of long and weary and Christian Stach, accompanied by toil. Christian David, landed in Greenland to begin the work. They little knew The condition of the Greenlanders what was awaiting them, but they in those early days was so degraded were men of most heroic stamp and that this first ingathering seems a were prepared to face whatever God miracle like the raising of the dead. should send. These people, short of stature, and with stupid, stolid minds, were a re- Literally obeying the instructions of pulsive race, indescribably dirty in our Lord to His disciples (Luke 9: 3), their ways. Mothers licked their little "Take nothing for your journey, ones as cats do kittens and their winter neither staves nor scrip, neither bread, houses of stone were made practically neither money; neither have two coats air-tight by the use of sad and skins, apiece," they had left Herrnhut five so that they were reeking with filth months before (January II) with po and swarming with vermin. equipment and very little thought as to how they were to reach Greenland These pagans had neither temples or how they would support themselves nor idols, but believed in innumerable while working there. An unexpected spirits, some good, some evil. Chief gift of money, received from Venice among these was Tornjarnik, who the day before they started, paid their was believed to live in a happy sub- way to Copenhagen, whence they were to sail, and confirmed their faith that God who was sending them forth would supply their every need.

On their arrival in Greenland, their trials began at once. The language, a most difficult one of the agglutinative type, proved a far harder task than they had anticipated. Hans Egede, who had been at work for thirteen years at Hope's Island, gave them all

the assistance in his power, but they zingly conceited-Innuit, "The Men,"

were little used to study and the they called themselves-and were so strange language, with its copious vo- well satisfied with their own condition cabulary and complex structure,* that they could see no need of salva- seemed long an unsolvable puzzle. tion through Christ. "Our souls are Yet after a year of discouraging effort, healthy already," they said. "In your they solemnly covenanted together: country people may have diseased "We will with diligence continue the souls, and indeed we see proof of it in study of the language in love, patience those who come here; they may need and hope." a Savior, but we do not."

The problem of self-support proved At first they shunned the mission- almost impossible to solve. Hunting aries, rarely going near them save to and fishing were the chief sources of beg or steal, or to ask how soon they food supply, and as the Brethren were were going away. But by and by they not skilled in these occupations, their entered upon a systematic course of larder was often far too low for com- annoyance. Fond of a joke and ex- fort. The second year was brightened cellent mimics, they tried to vex and by the arrival of John Beck and irritate them by mocking their words Frederick Bohnisch, with the welcome and caricaturing their actions. When news that henceforth the congregation the Brethren conducted devotions they at Herrnhut would contribute toward mimicked the reading and prayers and their support. But the next year the made shocking jests about the most promised supplies failed to come and sacred things in religion. Sometimes they were brought to the verge of in the midst of an earnest exhortation starvation. For a time they lived on they feigned sleep and began to snore; oatmeal mixt with train-oil, .and at sometimes, after piously asking to length they were reduced to a diet of have a hymn sung, they drowned it shell-fish and raw seaweed. Yet they out by hideous howling and the beat- never complained, but accepted it all ing of drums.

as a warning to care less for the com- When these measures failed to forts of life. drive out the teachers the Greenland- Added to these trials was the fact ers began to maltreat them in many that it seemed impossible to make any ways. They pelted them with stones, impression on the heathen. Egede's jumped on their shoulders, broke their long years of faithful toil' had yielded furniture, tried to destroy their boat almost no fruit, and the longer the and stole the precious manuscripts Brethren worked the harder seemed which represented many weary hours the hearts of the people. The lan- of toil. When starvation was threat- guage had in it no terms capable of ening, the Eskimos refused to sell the conveying religious ideas and the na- missionaries a morsel of food tho they tives seemed utterly unable to com- themselves had plenty to spare. Once prehend the Truth. They were ama- they even made a murderous attempt * Thompson gives Tipeitsugluartissinnaungilanga on the lives of the foreigners. Nevertheless the Brethren plodded and Savigeksiniariartokasuaromaryotittogog as speci· men words. The latter signifies: "He says you on. With heroic faith they replied to will also go away quickly in like manner, and buy those who urged them to abandon so a pretty knife."

KAJARNAK, THE FIRST ESKIMO CHRISTIAN

sterile a field: "God's ways are not pel. He then read to them out of the man's ways: He that called us hither New Testament the history of our Sacan still accomplish His aim." vi or's agony in the garden. Upon this the Lord opened the heart of one of the At length their faith was rewarded. company, whose name was Kajarnak; Early in 1738, owing to a general scarcity of food, the natives began to come to the mission-house in large numbers asking for supplies. The Brethren gave them all they could spare, and at the same time endeavored to incite in them a desire for the Bread of Life.

Among the hungry guests was a young man named Mangek, who exprest a desire to come and live with the missionaries. Believing that God had sent him, they gladly gave him daily instruction in the Word. At first he was utterly indifferent, but presently began to take an interest in what he heard. No sooner did his companions perceive this than they began to use every art to entice him away. Tho they finally succeeded, the incident filled the missionaries with hope. "Courage, dear brethren," they wrote to Herrnhut toward the close of May (1738), "and believe with us that our Lord will yet do glorious things in Greenland."

A few days later an incident occurred which proved the beginning of a real work of grace. One of the missionaries relates it as follows: June the 2d.-Many Southlanders vis- K .<JARNAK, THE FIRST GR EENLAND CHRIST1AN ited us. Brother Beck at the time was copying a translation of a portion of the A portrait copied from an old painting Gospels. The heathen being very curious to know the contents of the book, he who, stepping up to the table, in an read a few sentences and then, after some earnest manner, exclaimed: "How was conversation with them, gave them an that? tell me that once more; for I too account of the creation of the world, the fall of man, and his recovery by Christ. desire to be saved." These words, the The Spirit of God enabled him to enlarge with more than usual energy upon the like of which had never before been utsufferings and death of the Savior, and tered by a Greenlander, so penetrated the in the most pathetic manner to exhort soul of Brother Beck that with great his hearers no longer to reject the Gos- emotion and enlargement of heart, he gave them a general account of the life and death of our Savior, and the scheme of salvation through Him.

Meanwhile the other missionaries the north, killed one of Kajarnak's joined John Beck in telling the story brothers-in-law on the plea that he had of the cross. As they did so, many of caused the death of the ringleader's the strangers laid their hands on their son by sorcery. They also threatened mouths (their way of expressing to take the life of another. This proamazement) and some requested to be duced a state of panic, and Kajarnak's taught how to pray. When they left fear for his brother-in-law was so it was with the promise to come soon great that he finally decided that it again. was his duty to take him to a place of safety in the south. The missionaries In the heart of Kajarnak the Truth pleaded with him not to go, and he took deep root. For a time he took himself wept bitterly over the parting, up his residence with the Brethren yet his fears prevailed and his party that he might be thoroughly taught. finally took their departure. To their delight he proved an apt pupil; and in place of the stupidity Great indeed was the sorrow of the generally characteristic of the Green- missionaries over the loss of their conlanders, his quick comprehension and verts. They well knew that many the intensity of his emotion amazed would say that tho they could baptize them. Greenlanders they could not make them true Christians and win them Before the end of June, largely from their roving ways. Yet in the through Kajarnak's influence, three end Kajarnak's going proved a blesslarge families brought their tents and ing. Not long after his departure pitched them near the missionaries to twenty-one boats of Southlanders arhear more about God. Here they re- rived with the cheering news that they mained during the summer, but when had met the refugees and learned from autumn approached most of them went them wonderful things about God. off to hunt reindeer. Kajarnak and Before the following winter no less some twenty others remained and went than nine families took up their resiinto winter quarters close beside the dence near the missionaries in order mission-house. to receive religious instruction, and as a result there were many conversions. All winter long they were carefully instructed until at length four of them When the missionaries bade fare- -Kajarnak, his wife, his son, and his well to Kajarnak they never expected daughter-gave such good proof of to see him again. But he returned the conversion, that they were received next year, bringing his family and into the Church. The rite of baptism brother-in-law with him. During his was administered on Easter day. So absence he had been faithful to his powerfully was the Spirit of God man- Lord, conducting daily devotions in ifested at this service that those who his home and proclaiming Christ to were baptized were overcome with the heathen. emotion, and the Greenlanders who witnessed it were deeply affected. At once he became a valued helper in the mission. When occasionally But alas! within a month a dire the Brethren went on visits to the calamity befell the little settlement and heathen, taking some of the younger joy was turned into sorrow. A party converts with them, he remained at of murderous heathen, coming from

FEAST OF THE HEATHEN

the station, conducting daily meetings you remain faithful to the end, we for prayer and watching over the shall meet again around the Throne of work. God and the Lamb."

But useful as was Kajarnak's life, Kajarnak's death was a great loss in less than two years after his bap- to the work, yet it still continued to tism God called him home. In Feb- prosper. Learning the lesson from his ruary, 1741, he was seized with conversion that it is the Gospel and not pleurisy and died after a brief illness. the Law that melts the hearts of sin- Great as was his suffering he bore it ners, the brethren changed the style of with patience and fortitude, and looked their preaching and putting more forward with joy to being with God. emphasis on Christ and Him crucified, they found the heathen convicted of "Don't be grieved for me," he said sin and gladly accepting the Savior. to his friends; "have you not often heard that believers, when they die, Discouraging as the work was at go to our Savior and partake of eternal first, the efforts of the Moravians and joy ? You know I was the first of our of Egede's successors have long since nation who was converted to the made Greenland a Christian country, Savior, and now it is His will that I the abode of a docile, civilized, Godshould be the first to go to Him. If fearing people.

THE FEASTS OF THE HEATHEN SHAMBALAS * BY MISSIONARY DUPRE Some feasts of the Shambalas are creases. The Word of God rouses the known to the missionaries only by "old man" to the uttermost and gives name. In the first days of our work him no rest till he finds peace in God. in Usambara the natives did not understand the purposes of the white The outward sign of all heathen missionaries. They saw that the white feasts and all heathen joy is noise. man brought to them money for their For three days, almost without interlabor, that he visited the sick, and ruption, night and day, we heard the that he helped as far as possible the noise of a feast in a Bumbuli towninnocent who were suffering persecu- the deep tone of the drum, the monottion. Therefore they invited the mis- onous song of the men and, now and sionary to the feasts and occasionally then, the penetrating howl of the wombrought a pot of pombe to his home. en intermingled. The Shambala But now things are changed and they must have noise, for this alone is able try to hide as completely as possible to overcome the sense of fear in his their real life and their innermost heart. Therefore, the Shambala sings thoughts and feelings. They have and dances, until exhausted he learned that the more the missionary secures a little rest from fear. Some becomes acquainted with their nature, years ago I traveled from New Bethel the more the customs inherited from to Mati to proclaim the glad news of the fathers decay and Christianity in- salvation to its inhabitants. I reached the town of Mtai. It was morning, • Condensed, in free translation, from M onthly News. from the East African Mission, by Louis Meyer.

and men and youths were still dan- would be full of pombe and tired cing. They had begun at sunset the again. He suggested that I start on evening before and were not yet my journey, because the feast was to finished, but were nearly exhausted. last another day. I might have hin- Their motions were mechanical, and dered the celebration with the help of their senses were so benumbed that the chief and preached another serthey did not hear the approach of the mon, but my hitherto willing hearers stranger nor pay attention to his loud would have become bitter and unwillsalutation. Later on, during the day, ing. Therefore I left the next mornsome of these men were lying in front ing, and did not even address the unof their huts as if stunned. Self- married people, because I knew that stupefaction, the purpose of all their thoughts were with those who heathen feasts, had been reached suc- were celebrating and that they were cessfully. longing for the time when they could participate in the heathen rites of the The feasts of the Shambalas are ulezi. either family or kinship feasts. Of the former I have become acquainted The feast of circumcision, like that with four, aside from the sacrificial of ulezi, is a family or kinship feast. feasts, viz: ulezi, circumcision, alama, The boys are circumcised when two, and ndagilo. or even three years old. Women, apparently, do not participate in the The feast which is called ulezi, is excessive drinking of pombe which celebrated when the young mother follows the rites of circumcision, and takes again full charge of her daily at this feast the sound of the drums is duties and only married people can rarely heard. participate in the celebration. To the trained ear the peculiar sound of the Entering Manhood drums announces this feast. The three days' celebration in Bumbuli, Alama is the feast of the maturity mentioned above, was an ulezi. Once of the male youth, who by it becomes I came to Mkalite on the day of such a member of the circle of the men. a feast. I was able to preach in the It is celebrated every three or four evening and tell the heathen of the years. It is degrading to the utterjoys of the child of God, but when I most and robs its candidates of the had finished, the chief said to me, "Do last vestige of innocency. Boys, who not wonder when you hear noise and have been in attendance at the miswhen the women pass your tent with sionary schools, often leave school loud screams. Be not afraid." I during the alama and, if they ever requieted his apprehension and slept turn, come back completely demoralwell all night, tho the feast was ized and utterly unwilling to be incelebrated close to my tent. The next fluenced, until the spirit of God or morning, however, I was unable to severe trials stir them up and cause preach to the sleepy and half-drunken them to listen to the Gospel. people. When I spoke of this difficulty to the chief, he asked me not The alama introduces the young to be angry and not to ask for a meet- man to heathen immorality. It also ing for the next morning, because all demands severe proofs of his ability to suffer bodily injury and pain, and

THE FEAST OF THE HEATHEN

unwillingness to undergo such suffer- Bethel, told me the following story: ings has caused many a youth to leave "I married a girl of my home town, the heathen village and go to the mis- Mponde, and a child was bom to us.

sionary station. All participants of My wife had not yet gone through the alama remain naked in one hut the feast of ndagilo. Therefore, her during the feast, guarded by an aged father took the child and killed it, as man who gives them the necessary bringing misfortune. My wife was instructions (?). When they leave ordered to pass through the ndagilo, the hut, they wear a bunch of grass but its celebration was delayed and around their hips, have their bodies another child was born to us. We smeared with white earth, and have concluded to preserve its life. I had bells on their feet. When I saw a to go on a long journey. When I re- crowd of such young men the first turned from it, the child had been time, I thought that they were clowns. killed and my wife had been taken But I could not smile, ridiculous as away. Disgusted, I came to the mis- was the spectacle. These crowds of sionaries."

young men wander through the land, In addition to these four feasts there with noise and singing, doing mis- are others among the Shambalas which chief, and no one hinders them. express joy of life on the completion Their food must be from rotten of some task. Some of the dances and and moldy refuse which they gather songs are disgusting and degrading.

from the garbage heaps. That is one Harvest feasts speak of the com- of the tests of the alama. Another is pleted task. The young men have the carrying of the futi ya zumbe; aided the chief in his maize or rice that is, the gun of the chief. They harvest. The work is finished. Now must carry a stick which contains a he kills a beef for a joyous meal, but, sap with cauterizing qualities. The tho they know that God has given stick is carried upon the bare shoulder the harvest, no one remembers Him.

and causes great suffering. The con- The feast accompanying the mov- sequence of these tests and of the ing into a new hut speaks also of the whole alama, which continues days joy over work finished. The moving and even weeks, is a weakening of the is done in cloudy or rainy weather, strength of the celebrants, from for that means good luck in the land which weak men do not recover for of little water. A goat is roasted many days. The alama closes with over the fire in the new hut. Neigh- much drinking of pombe and free bors and friends gather outside, and rein to fleshly lust. Now these young when the head of the house has called men are permitted to do whatsoever upon the spirits of his ancestors, that is permitted to a man. No longer they deliver from fire and other dan- are they forbidden to drink the much ger, the table is set and the feast is desired pombe. They are men. celebrated.

Ndagilo seems to be to girls what The worship of spirits and ancestors alama is to the boys. It signifies that is the one great obstacle that stands a girl has reached the time when she in the way of the Shambalas accept- can be given in marriage. Nyan- ing Christ and coming to the knowl- gassa, whom I baptized in New edge of pure spiritual joys.

CHURCH AND THE CITY *

A. Social Conditions Confronting the Church I. The growth of the city.

From 1890 to 1900, the total increase in population in the United States was 20 per cent. During the same period the population in the cities increased 37 per cent. Whereas in 1800 only 3 1-3 per cent of the population in the United States lived in the city, to-day 33 1-3 per cent live in the town.

2. The elements of social unrest.

Lack of a living wage. Back-breaking labor. Poor and insufficient food. Lack of leisure. Swift approach of old age. Hopeless poverty. The filthy slum. The unsanitary factory. The dismal future. The lost "ethical" soul.

3. The problem of the immigrant.

The 160 cities in the United States having a population of 25,000 and over contain over 50 per cent of the entire-born population of the country.

4. The problem of the negro.

In 38 of the largest cities in the United States during ten years, the negro population increased 38 per cent, while the white popUlation-including immi- grants-increased only 33 per cent.

5. The problem of the tenement.

There are 300,000 absolutely dark bedrooms III the tenements of New York City.

6. The problem of the child.

"The death rate of infants among the rich is not more than 8 per cent, while among the very poor it is 40 per cent."-Dr. Drysdale. "In a study of vital statistics in Erfurt, Germany, for a period of 20 years, it was discovered that for every 1,000 children born in working-class families, 505 die in the first year, 173 die among the middle class, and only 89 die among the higher class during . the same period."-Dr. W 01/.

7. The problem of the department-store clerk.

Thousands of these young men and women in the city are compelled to live in desolate hall bedrooms.

8. The problem of the saloon.

Centers of corrupt political power and breeding-places of vice, but practically the only centers for workingmen in their social and economic life. Nearly every trade-union in America is compelled to meet back or over a saloon.

The introduction 0/ labor-saving machinery on the farm drives the farm-hand to the city, while the introduction of better transportation facilities sends the city business man to the suburbs.

B. Social Forces Challenging the Church 1. Organized labor.

Invites membership regardless of race, creed or color. Americanizes the im- migrant. Gives sick, out-of-work and death benefits. An influence for more temperate living. Supplies a liberal education in its meeting-halls and through the labor press. Opposes child labor. Demands a "square deal" for women in industrial life. Struggles for better sanitary conditions. Shortens the hours of labor and increases the rate of wages. Fights for universal peace.

2. Socialism.

World-wide in its propaganda. Possesses a literature written in the language of the people. Conducts more open-air meetings than all the churches com- bined. Directs training-schools for its workers. Organizes Sunday-schools in the principal industrial centers. Enlists strong forces of volunteer preachers. Has become a religion to hundreds of thousands. Most aggressive in the "down- town" fields deserted by the Church. Is utilizing many of the best principles of the Church, but claiming them as a monopoly.

3. Some general facts and principles.

The Church is slowly but surely losing ground in the great centers of popu- lation. Underlying the spirit of social unrest there is a deeply religious spirit among the masses. God is not dependent upon the Church for the carrying out of His plans for the redemption of the world. The Church is responsible for the spirit of social unrest, and she must finish the task which she has begun.

·From the Assembl, H.,ald.

KINGDOM AND THE DOWN-TOWN CHURCH 2II

C. A Social Program for the Church 1. The Church must socialize her teaching and socially convert her mem- bership.

2. The Church must study the problems of the people sympathetically. 3. The Church must stay by the people and help them solve their problems. 4. The Church must adapt herself to the needs of the people in the com- munity. 5. The Church must raise up a company of competent leaders for the people.* THE KINGDOM AND THE DOWN.TOWN CHURCH t BY JOSIAH STRONG, D.D., NEW YORK President of the American Institute of Social Service Speaking broadly, the civilizations every hamlet. The prl!ss molds pubof the past have been rural and agri- lic opinion and all that that means cultural; those of the future are to in a democracy. be urban and industrial. Of course, there have been great cities in the In due time the city will have all past, and it goes without saying that the power which numbers signify in as long as men are fed by the fruits a democracy. As we are often told, of the soil, there will be agricultural at the beginning of the nineteenth interests and agricultural peoples. century there were only six cities in But it is nevertheless true that there the United States of 8,000 inhabiis taking place a shifting of the bal- tants or more; at the end of that ance between country and city-a century there are 517. In 1800 less change of opportunities, of power, than 4 per cent of our small populaof influence. Alreadf the cities pos- tion lived in cities. In 1900 about 33 sess that power which belongs to per cent of our great population predominant wealth. In 1850, 56 lived in cities. In England more per cent of the wealth of the United than 70 per cent are in cities. Not States was rural, 44 per cent urban. many years hence more than half In forty years' time, three-fourths of our population will be urban. the wealth was urban, one-fourth was rural. While the wealth of rural Many have supposed that this disdistricts was increasing fourfold, the proportionate growth of the city in wealth of the cities increased six- the United States is due to the peteenfold. This is a commercial age. culiar conditions of a new civiliza- Wealth is increasing far more rap- tion; but a glance at Europe exidly than population, and its power plodes that theory. The cities have is increasing-touching every phase grown there as rapidly as here. For of life. That power belongs to the fifty years Brussels outstript New city. The power of the press is in York. While our metropolis was the city. Here is the tree of the adding 3,000,000 to her population, knowledge of good and evil (whose London added 5,000,000 to hers. leaves are not altogether for the Many have supposed that this flowhealing of the nations; some of them ing tide from country to city was are yellow and sere)-a tree that daily quite temporary and would soon sheds its leaves, which are carried ebb, but such have not studied its as by the four winds of heaven into causes. Its principal causes are two: First, the revolution in transporta- tion. Before the nineteenth century • Take the correspondence course in Applied Christianity. offered by the Department of Church and Labor. It will help you master your situation in the city. Address, 156 Fifth A-venue, New York.

t From the Home Missionary.

it waS very difficult to supply food do not say that the amount, but the and fuel for a great population. proportion, decreases. A man with Cities have always been about as an income of $100,000 does not eat large as they could well be. There one hundred times as much as a man has been many a famine in the city whose income is $r,ooo, nor can he when grain was rotting on the spend one hundred times as much on ground only a few leagues away. his table; but he can spend one hun- Now we bring food from the other dred times as much on houses and side of the globe. The steamships grounds, on furniture and pictures, and the railway make it possible to on art and dress, on jewels and orna- feed any number of millions massed ments. That is to say, there is a at one point. Because man is a gre- necessary limit to the amount of garious animal there has always food that the world can consume.

been a tendency among men to There is no limit, except that of segregate, and the revolution in purse, to the consumption of the transportation has liberated this in- products of the mechanical and fine herent tendency of human nature, so arts. Hence, as the world grows that to-day it is free to fulfil itself. richer, a steadily decreasing propor- The other great cause of the dis- tion of the world's population will proportionate growth of the city is subsist by providing food; and a the revolution in industry. The ap- steadily increasing proportion will plication of machinery to agriculture gain their livelihood by the mechani- has driven multitudes from the farm. cal and fine arts, which are prose- In 1870 there was one man engaged cuted in the city; which means the in farming for every seventeen acres continued disproportionate growth cultivated. In r890 there was one of the city.

engaged in farming for every twen- Some people imagine that the ty-six acres cultivated. The im- many uncomfortable features of provement in machinery during farm life drive the young men from these twenty years alone drove the farm, and that if we could only 4,430,000 men, plus their families, off make country living delightful, we from the soil. might reverse this tide and cause it Again, the springing up of manu- to flow from the city back to the factures in the city, creating a country. There are thousands of great demand for labor, has stimu- people to-day living underground, lated this movement. Thus the not because they prefer the smut and causes which have created this dis- the dark and the danger of the coal- proportionate growth of the cities mine to the green earth and God's are permanent causes. Statistics blue sky, but because there is a de- show that for sixty years a steadily mand for coal; and the number who decreasing percentage of ottr popu- live underground in this kind of life lation has been engaged in agricul- will be determined, whether it in- ture, and a steadily increasing per- creases or decreases, by the increase centage has been engaged in the me- or decrease of the demand for coal.

chanical and fine arts. These arts Here is another economic law. The are prosecuted in the city. That comfort or discomfort of an occupa- means the disproportionate growth tion does not determine the number of the city. And this tendency of the who engage in it, but the kind of past sixty years is to continue. This people who engage in it. The dis- is quite in harmony with the well- proportionate growth of the city is known economic law called Engel's not a temporary phenomena; it must Law. According to this law, as the necessarily continue. When the income of the family increases, that world's demand for food is supplied, proportion of its budget devoted to the farming population can increase food steadily decreases. Observe, I only in proportion as the world's

THE KINGDOM AND THE DOWN-TOWN CHURCH

population increases; whereas the my fellow men, so that when I am population sustaining itself by the called to leave the world I may leave mechanical and fine arts will in- it a bit the better." That young crease as the world's population in- man was a Russian Jew, and that creases. Russian was a better American, that Jew was a better Christian, than All this means that we can not many a descendant of the Pilgrim evade the problems of the city. Fathers who is living a selfish life. Many are trying to do it. "Back to Here is splendid raw material, but the soil J" is a common and a falla- it must be Americanized. If we do cious cry. If we could take IOO,OOO not Americanize the foreigners in men out of the slums and set them our cities, they wiIl foreignize our on the land and then make them civilization. successful, their success would be at the expense of 100,000 other men In the city the problem of poverty whom they would drive from the soil is accentuated. As a rule, the into the city. We should not there- greater the city, the more desperate by take one step toward the solution is the poverty. In the city the probof the problem of the city. This lem of vice and crime is emphasized. problem must be faced, and the For in a given city population there sooner we face it, the sooner we are more crime and vice than in the shall solve it and adjust ourselves to the new conditions of the new civili- same population in the country diszation. tricts. In the city the problem of popular discontent is emphasized. We have glanced at the inevitable There Dives and Lazarus stand face problem of th~ city. Spend a mo- to face. There we find the ennui of ment in considering its complexities, surfeit and the desperation of starits magnitude, its urgency. In cities vation. It is in the city that we find we find a heterogeneous population. the opportunity for destruction, for In everyone of our large cities there there wealth is piled story upon story. Neither sulfur, nor saltpeter, are the representatives of at least nor charcoal, taken separately, is exfifty different countries. In New plosive, but combined they make York there are sixty-six different gunpowder. Opportunity for delanguages spoken. Whatever bur- struction where there is no temptaden immigration places on our civili- tion is not dangerous; poverty is zation is more than three times as not revolutionary when it is govgreat in the city as in the country erned by conscience. Vice and at large. As our Irish friends might crime are not revolutionary when say: Many of our best Americans they are quite comfortable, but were not born in their native land! wickedness and wretchedness and They are Americans by choice; most opportunity combined make social of us are Americans by accident; dynamite of which the magazine is and many a foreigner who has be- the city slum, awaiting only a casual come an American puts us to shame spark to burst into terrific destrucby his patriotism. Let me repeat to tion. you a few words from a letter which I read. That letter was written by The Church Problem a young man who came to this country young enough to get the Evidently our cities are the tainted advantages of our public schools spots in our civilization. The Church and then took a course in Columbia and the home are the two great con- University. After graduation he serving institutions of society. Are wrote: "I am now at the age of they growing proportionately with twenty-one a free American citizen, the city's growth. The churches are and I have but one great desire in falling far behind the growth of the life, and that is to do something for population of our cities. As cities grow larger the proportion of homes

decreases, while the hotel and res- let him move on, and then lapse into taurant population increases. The their accustomed inactivity, than it is majority of men on the farms own for a church, day after day, week their homes. When you come to after week, year after year, to live cities the size of Boston, only 18 per in vital touch with the multitude, cent own their homes. In Manhat- giving them new conceptions of life. tan, only 6 per cent own their homes. We need not more evangelists, but more evangelistic churches, more Here is the problem of the king- pastors, more laymen who are burndom, so far as the city is concerned. ing with evangelistic fervor; burn- It is to save the city by bringing ing with the love of humanity. men into harmony with the laws of God, physical, mental, moral and I believe that an institutional, or social, as well as spiritual. When the socialized Christian Church, is men everywhere are thus brought needed for the salvation of the into harmony with God, the kingdom down-town city, but it must be adewill have come. The kingdom can quately equipped. Such churches not come without the salvation of cost much more than the old family the city. Here, then, is a great church. Are we to provide the evangelistic problem of the twen- means? tieth century: saving the city. I believe that for the solution of that I believe, with all my heart, that problem the old method of evan- the Kingdom of God is coming in gelism is quite unequal. If Mr. the world. I believe that we can, Moody could again clothe himself with God's help, solve the problem with flesh and undertake our prob- of the city if we will but open our lem of city evangelization, and if he eyes to recognizE' it and open our should speak to 1,000 different souls hearts and hands to meet it. I beevery night of the year, never taking a vacation, it would be eighty years lieve that we have the guarantee of before he could get around once, and God's Book that the city is to be then the city population would have saved. Turn to the beginning of it; increased 200 or 300 per cent, and there we see man in a garden. It is there would be two or three times a vision of perfect beauty, perfect as many who had not heard his mes- simplicity, perfect innocence, of unsage as when he began. If we could fallen because of untried virtue. VVe have twenty Moodys and they spoke turn to the closing pages of this to 20,000 different souls every night Book, and again we see a picture of in the year, and if the cities could man perfected. In prophetic vision and would arrest their growth, then we behold not the beauty of innoour city population might hear the cence, but the beauty of holiness; Gospel message once in four years. not the insecure peace of virtue un- tried, but the established peace of In the city to-day, especially the virtue victorious. In this first picdown-town portions of the city, ture we see individualistic man; in are multitudes wholly uninstructed, this last picture we see socialized while other multitudes have been man. In the first, unfallen man susmisinstructed. They have no knowl- tains right relations to His Maker; edge of Christian truth. To what in the last, redeemed man has come purpose does a man come and de- into right relations with God and liver his message for a week or two? The whole conception of life of these with his fellows. The perfected people must be transformed. That crown of civilization, the full coming can be done only by long, persistent, of the kingdom of God in the earth, daily living contact with them. It is typified by a city, a holy city, into is a far easier thing for a church to which shall enter nothing unclean or hire an evangelist for a few weeks, that maketh a lie. Paradise lost was a garden; Paradise regained will be a city.

NATIONAL FLORENCE CRITTENTON MISSIONS'"

BY ALLAN SUTHERLAND, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Twenty-eight years ago the promi- new field of work. The poor COun- nent wholesale druggist, Charles N. try boy, had, through his own ef- Crittenton, of New York City, lost forts, won a fortune before middle through death his little daughter, life, and from a small beginning Florence. Mr. Crittenton's grief was built up a large wholesale business.

almost unbearable, but he finally be- He had achieved the summit of his came reconciled by determining to ambition when the blow fell that live such a life as would insure his changed his life.

again meeting his little daughter in Four years he spent in night mis- the Father's House. sionary work in the slums, then his One night he accompanied a mis- health became so broken that his sionary into the slums and visited physician ordered him abroad. But saloons, in which there were drink- even his vacation trip he made a part ing, blaspheming and gambling, and of his new work. On his travels he where they found two young girls, visited all the large cities to study whom they exhorted to lead better the condition of the outcasts. He lives, and to whom they said in part- wished to investigate any movement ing, "God bless you; go and sin no that had been put on foot for the more." But as Mr. Crittenton was betterment of their condition, but in going home the practical questions all his tour he found not one saving arose in his mind: Where are they agency. It was with a renewed de- going? Where can they go? What termination to carryon the memorial doors are open to them except those to his little daughter that he re- that lead to sin and vice? turned home. The next three years The result was the opening in 1883 he spent on the Pacific Coast, build- of the first "Florence Home," 31 and ing homes in San Francisco, Los 33 Bleecker street, New York, from Angeles and San Jose. Then he vis- which there have sprung fifty-three ited many parts of the United other homes in different cities States, carrying his charitable sys- throughout the United States, as tem into the large cities. Every- well as one in Tokyo, Japan. Here where he became known as the any unfortunate girl-mother may friend of unfortunate girls and come and find a home and friends. women.

The first girl to enter the first The income even of a millionaire Florence Mission was one of the has its limits, and some attempt was girls to whom Mr. Crittenton talked made to render the homes self-sup- on the night that he visited the porting, but on accou;)t of the large slums with the missionary. The girl number of children and invalids to was Nellie Conroy, sold into sin at be cared for, this was found impos- the age of twelve years by a drunken sible. The burden of expense had mother, and who sank deeper and been borne almost entirely by Mr.

deeper, until Mr. Crittenton found Crittenton. As the work grew it be- her in a den of vice in Baxter street, came apparent that he must rest at New York. She was converted in the point he had reached or call on the Florence Home and lived there the public for aid. His first effort happily for two years until her was to reduce his own expenses to death. a minimum. His own railway fare Mr. Crittenton was not the man and that of his assistant had been a to be content with any but a large large item of expense, so he decided enterprise. The same energy and to buy a private car, which would be ability which had made him success- at once his home and a headquarters ful in business was carried into his for his work. The railroad mana- • From the Record of Christian Work. The recent death of the founder of this mission gives opeci.1 interest to tbis noble work.-EDITOR"

gers gladly passed him over their An appeal is always made to the lines, and the money thus saved was higher instincts of these betrayed devoted to building new missions. girls by surrounding them with home influences. In every human About six years ago the homes heart there is a germ of good, altho were consolidated into a national or- it may be thickly incrusted with evil, ganization to perpetuate and increase but faithful, persistent searching will the efficacy of the work. The United reveal it. Daily Bible reading and States Government became inter- prayer service are held in which each ested and granted a government girl takes a part. "An idle brain is charter and an appropriation. the devil's workshop." Work, there- fore, forms the all-important part of The government of the homes is life with the girls who are trained in liberal in character. There are no such lines of work as will enable bolts or bars. The doors stand open them to respectably support themday and night to receive any friend- selves and babies. Every girl serves less girl or woman, no matter who a term of three months each in the or what she is. They come of their laundry, kitchen, sewing-room and own free will, and love is the only nursery. influence used to win them. More than sixty per cent of the women The results are most encouraging. who enter are reformed and start out Often a girl remains in the home a in life anew, some as clerks and shop- year or eighteen months. She gen- . girls, many as trained servants. erally realizes that life is duty, and leaves to "put her shoulder to the With a daily average of 3,000 girls wheel," to work out her own destiny. and 600 babies to be clothed and fed A great many girls who have gone already, the movement is still being from these homes have married and pushed forward. The work has become loyal wives, and are now come to be better known, and the contributing to the funds of the public at large has helped more home that reclaimed them. Some largely for its support. of the girls are occupying positions as stenographers and typewriters, Many of the homes are supplied others have positions as teachers, with all their provisions by commis- and a large number as nursery girls, sion merchants. Large furniture and general servants. Those who houses have fitted others through- are mothers take care of their chilout. Even the telegraph companies dren by boarding them with friends. are not behind in giving aid. More In many instances parents who had than three hundred dollars' worth of closed their hearts and doors against dispatches are passed free over their their misguided daughters, have, after lines each year. learning through the matron of the Florence Home that their daughter Method. Employed and Results was struggling to make an honest living for her child, taken both baby The question is often asked, "How and daughter into their own homes. do these girls learn of your home?" Among other special efforts made, Many instances encourage the the matrons at the different railroad workers to believe firmly that these stations are asked to be on the look- results of human happiness, purity out for any young girl who appears and usefulness in place of misery, to be friendless and homeless, and degradation and vice, must meet who would therefore be apt to fall with the divine approval and win into bad hands, and invite such to the divine benediction. "Inasmuch come to the home. Thus often a as ye have done it unto one of the good work is accomplished in saving least of these, ye have done it unto girls from ruin. The police officers me." also know of the Florence Homes, and they often direct girls in their trouble to this place of refuge.

EDITORIALS

HOW TO HELP social life, in conventions, and in the The twentieth-century missionary matter of ministerial exchanges: in- movement is loudly calling for cooper- deed, in the largeness of their con- ation. How can it best be given? An ciliation are foremost in helping the invading foe fears two things: First, most noted offenders to places of anything that strengthens the other honor and trust as professors, presi- side; second, anything that weakens dents, lecturers, managers of church its own. To increase the enemy's boards, and even framers of creeds.

power of resistance and persistence is 3. Aggression. Its friends maintain to throw chances in his favor; to de- that both of the foregoing policies are crease defensive and aggressive re- untrue to faith, misrepresent the grav- sources on our own side is as effec- ity of the situation, are in the last de- tually to help the other party-our an- gree misleading and harmful to the tagonists. Just now there are six public, and are indeed contrary to the things that the times demand: In- plain instructions of the Scriptures.

formation as to the whole situation; The aggressive spirit is needed.

personal, individual sense of respon- sibility; cooperation in prayer, giving, PRAYER FOR THE EDINBURGH CONand, so far as possible, direct effort; FERENCE-THE GREAT TOPICS organization that is complete, univer- TO BE CONSIDERED sal and effective; consecration of secular affairs as part of a sacred No one can read the history of mis- service; mUltiplication of gratuitous sions without being stirred by the reading along missionary lines, and many and marvelous answers to the simplifying of all machinery, that prayer. Whatever a man's theory power may not be lost in mechanism. may be, th~ facts are indisputable that Some one asks, "What can be done God bids us pray and that He an- by friends of the old Gospel to help swers the united prayers of His peo- the situation?" Three possible policies ple.

offer themselves for adoption-the This year there is to be held in policy of inaction, the policy of con- Edinburgh, Scotland, the great Wcirld ciliation, and the policy of aggression. Missionary Conference. There will 1. Inaction. The Gamaliels say, gather the missionary thinkers and "Let these men alone. Take no notice workers from all over the world.

of what the perverts say or do; but Those who shape the missionary go forward praying and preaching policy of the Church will be in con- and publishing the old Gospel truths ference for ten days. It would be without reference to the new contra- difficult to overstate the importance dictions." This is for the time, of and possibilities of this meeting. How course, the least troublesome course. important it is that Christians every- 2. Conciliation. Its friends believe where unite in earnest prayer that in the winning power of kindness, these men and women may be rightly smiles, hearty handshakes, and loving guided both in the preparation of words. They caIl the crowd dear their papers and in the discussions brethren. They praise their sincerity, that follow their presentation.

love of the truth, eloquence, with First: The whole world is to be trumpets, and condemn their errors brought into view showing the present with bated and apologetic breath. conditions and needs, the land yet to They say as many good things of be possest and the great tasks before them as possible and as few evil. They the Church.

yield to them .<lS much as possible, and Second: The condition and possi- something more, out of generosity and bilities of the native church are to be largeness of heart. They make no reviewed-the organization, discipline, offensive distinctions between the education, employment and spiritual most radical and the most orthodox in fruitfulness of the native Christians.

No more important topic could be titude of missionaries toward their brought forward for these are the peo- own and the native governments?

ple who must be the means of evan- How pressing is this problem in times gelizing their own people. of riot and massacre! Shall the mis- Third: Educational missions are sionaries claim protection or suffer certain to have a large part in future persecution? Shall they see their na- missionary work. Some have been in- tive friends endure all kinds of in- clined to omit them in favor of only justice and barbarity or shall they be evangelistic effort, but the results of a temporal as well as a spiritual force school and college work are too great in the lands where they labor. What to be ignored. There is, however, a importance these questions assume in need for vastly more spiritual pur- lan?s like Turkey, Persia, Korea, pose and power in educational mis- Chma and the Kongo!

sions. Eighth: The question of coopera- Fourth: The relation of Christian- tion and the promotion of union ought ity to non-Christian religions is a vast to be discust in a way to bring re- and important topic. How fully must sults. Already the churches in the converts cast loose from their old mission fields are uniting and there is habits and beliefs? How large is the a spirit of cooperation in the home modicum of truth in non-Christian re- church as well. Christian Endeavor, ligions which can be used in turning Y. M. C. A., student and other young men to God and salvation through people's movements and conferences Christ? The theology of the future have brought Christians nearer to- native church may be greatly in- gether. True church union, if not fluenced by the findings of this com- unity, might increase the power of mission. the Christian Church tenfold. Ter- Fifth: The preparation of mis- ritory might be redivided, with great sionaries. Shall all be sent who ap- economy of labor and money. Here ply or must there be a rigid sifting on is a topic which alone would be worthy physical, moral and theological of a world conference and the united grounds? How important it is that prayer of Christendom. The oneness the men and women who are to be for which Christ prayed has not yet the great ambassadors of the King- been achieved.

dom of God in foreign lands shall be adequately trained and fitted to present THE WORLD GROWING LARGER the cause of the King of kings! W. Muller, in "Lose Hefte," says, There must be practical suggestions strikingly, "We usually say, 'The for the realization of Christian ideals world grows smaller every day,' be- of leadership. cause we think only of the distances Sixth: The home church and mis- diminishing rapidly on account of sions. There are men and women quicker means of communication and enough, there is money enough, there commerce in our day. It would be is intelligence enough and there is far more exact to say, 'The world spiritual power enough to evangelize grows larger every day.' Mission- the world in this generation. How aries in heathen countries and in cen- is the Church to be aroused to a trally located places are often over- fuller sense of responsibility? How whelmed by the impression of the are the young people to be trained? numerical superiority of the multi- What is the most effective use of tudes they are facing. India to-day literature? There is need of a vast contains about 300,000,000 inhabitants.

.amount of earnest prayer that the Fifty years ago they were estimated Church at home shall have the right at 150,000,000. Within a half-century ideals and the self-sacrificing spirit of the number of heathen and Moham- Christ, her Lord. medans in India has been almost Seventh: What shall be the at- doubled. Truly one is tempted to ex-

claim, 'Weare getting farther away number of .adherents the same in the from our goal.' The increase must fourteenth as in the twelfth. be similarly large throughout the world in spite of wars, famines, pes- M. Founier de Flaix, after a very tilences, and plagues. elaborate inquiry and investigation, es- "What are the increases in Christian timates the number of Christians now congregations of natives, tho it is living at 477,080,158. Probably he actually greater than 50 per cent, the would estimate the number for the small additions to our missionary nineteenth century at 300,000,000. staffs, and the increase-a little larger than that of missionaries-of native His classification of the world's helpers, pastors, catechists, teachers, other religions is interesting, and and colporteurs, when we compare probably approaches correctness, as them with the immense numerical in- follows: crease of heathenism and Islam? In spite of all that has been done during Hinduism ………………. 190,000,000 the past century of missionary activ- Buddhism ……………… 147,000,000 ity, we are only at the beginning of Confucianism …………… 256,000,000 the work. Christendom must come to Shintoism ………………. 24,000,000 a deeper realization of her great duty Judaism ……………….. 7,186,000 and must be made willing to fulfil it Taoism ………………… 43,000,000 far more earnestly before she can Mohammedanism ……….. 175,000,000 reach the goal and plant the cross of Polytheism (many gods) …. 117,618,669 Christ upon the golden cupolas of the great pagodas and upon the ramparts This would make the entire populaof the slender minarets! tion of the globe somewhat over 1,422,000,000, with Christian adher- The situation is, however, far from ents outnumbering any other faith and discouraging, for the percentage of nearly double even the largest of the heathen and Christian in foreign lands others. is constantly diminishing, the native churches are becoming self-extending There is always risk in too much and Christians at home are awaking dependence on mere numbers. But to their responsibility. there is no doubt that this growth of the nominal body of Christian ad- THE GROWTH OF CHRISTIANITY herents has been more rapid since the century of modern missions began. A The historian, Turner, in his "Sa- hundred years ago there were not ISO cred History of the World," gives in missionaries in all heathendom. In round numbers an estimate of the expansion of the Christian community, 1895 it was estimated that there were according to centuries, from the first 12,000 missionary stations, with 11,000 to the eighteenth as follows: 500,000 missionaries and a body of 40,000 naadherents, then two million, five, ten, tive helpers, and the number is now fifteen, twenty, twenty-four, thirty, very much increased. forty, fifty, seventy, eighty, seventyfive (thirteenth century), and again The greatest triumphs have been in eighty, a hundred, a hundred and the Islands of the Sea, more than 300 twenty-five,· a hundred· and fifty-five, of which have been evangelized within and finally, two hundred million. It is some 80 years, and some of them not plain that these numerical estimates are wholly untrustworthy, for we have having i heathen left. The China almost no data on which to build them safely. It is difficult to understand on Inland Mission, begun in 1865, has what authority he drops five million now, at 210 stations, 928 missionaries. in the thirteenth century, to add it Since the beginning over 30,000 Chiagain the fourteenth, making the nese converts have been welcomed to fellowship, of whom over two-thirds survive, and during the last reported year 2,500 were added. It is said that, of the 380 members of the Japanese Parliament, 4 per cent are Christians, and that of the people 45 per cent are under Chris- tian influence. The Christian members

of parliament are also men of great have a tenfold more difficult task in influence and prestige in their own Korea. country. It is true that Mr. Homer B. Hurl- MISSIONARIES AND POLITICS IN burt, formerly of Korea but not con- nected with any missionary society, KOREA has been an adviser to the Korean Government and has endeavored to in- It is one of the cardinal principles terest the American Government in of Protestant missionary societies that seeing justice done to the Hermit Natheir missionaries must not engage in tion. It is not true, however, that he political disputes or take sides in na- has ever advised armed resistance or tional controversies in the lands where bloodshed. He knows well that it they labor. Almost without exception would be useless if not wrong. Dr. H. the foreign missionaries adhere to this G. Underwood, when in America, conprinciple, even at the risk of being sistently refrained from any public utgreatly misunderstood by their native terance on the Japanese occupation friends and converts. of Korea. He has only recently re- turned to Seoul, and the story is there- In Korea the missionaries have been fore wholly without foundation, as placed in a particularly trying situa- printed in Japanese papers, that he has tion. Japan, without any manifest had anything to do with stirring up right, has stept in to take over the anti-Japanese sentiment or is in the control of Korean national and inter- most remote way responsible for the national affairs. The conditions they assassination of Marquis Ito. Dr. Unfound were undoubtedly corrupt. derwood is a Christian statesman; Officials were ignorant, weak and un- and, with the other missionaries, is just. There seemed little hope for busied with the spiritual regeneration reformation from the inside, by the of the Koreans, and does not interfere native rulers. Japan was impatient in the political affairs. and made a way to gain control of the government. With the advent of Jap- THE STATISTICAL TABLES anese soldiers came cruelty and oppression toward many innocent Ko- A correspondent kindly calls attenreans. Property was confiscated, tion to an error in the statistical tables women were abused, men were com- published in January, confined to a pelled to work and were beaten un- single figure, but which robs the Presjustly. Even the homes of native byterian Church of no less than 20,000 Christians were sometimes demanded communicants! The lamentable slip for the soldiers' immoral purposes. was made in copying the report for- The Korean Christians cried out to warded from the New York office, in their missionary teachers. The hearts which the first figure of 96,801, being of these noble men and women were somewhat indistinct, was mistaken for stirred by the scenes they witnessed. a 7 and so the communicants were re- What could they do? They must not ported as numbering only 76,801. This advise resistance or they would be ac- also changes the totals for America cused of political plots; inaction and for the world. In this connection seemed weak and heartless. N ever- it may fittingly be said: The evidence theless, the missionaries have reso- is abundant that the statistical tables lutely refrained from political intrigue are closely scanned and highly appreand have not taken sides against the ciated by not a few; and thereby the Japanese-however strong their sym- determination is strengthened to keep pathies may have been. They have errors at a minimum, and in every counseled the native Christians to be way possible make the figures increaslaw-abiding and without reproach and ingly valuable. to suffer for well-doing rather than for evil-doing. It is safe to say that, A typographical error also took ten but for the missionaries, Japan would millions from the amount given to foreign missions in the past year. The single station, under the care of Rev. Donald Fraser, of the U. F. Church. figures should read $Il,317,407. It The gathering of such a multitude and will be noticed that this is $1,250,000 so many baptisms in connection with a more than was given last year. All single mission-station make that Louhonor to the Laymen's Movement [ don convention remarkable.

THE C. M. S. IN EAST AFRICA A JAPANESE VIEW OF LIQUOR We have the following correction LICENSE from the Bishop of Uganda, British This was too good to be passed by, East Africa, dated October 19, 1909. it must be passed on: He says: An officer from Japan, visiting In The Missionary World for Septem- America, one day, while looking about ber there is an extract from a letter of a big city, saw a man stop a milk Mr. Hulburt's (of the Africa Inland wagon. Mission), in which he says that we have abandoned our advance westward owing "Is he going to arrest the man?" he to the obstruction of the Belgian Gov- asked. ernment. This is quite a misapprehension. We are still at work with our "No," was the answer; "he must see native agents on the western side of that the milk sold by this man is pure, Albert Lake, and have lately made a for- with no water or chalk mixed with it." mal application, or rather a renewed application to the Belgian Government for "Would chalk or water poison the a site in the Isumu district of the milk?" Kongo Free State. We have never wavered in our determination togo forward "No; but people want pure milk if into the Kongo. Our station at Mbosa, they pay for it." on the north of Ruwonzori, is about the most promising of all our stations north Passing a whisky saloon, a man of Uganda, and it is our great hope to staggered out, struck his head against advance thence both northward and a lamp-post, and fell to the sidewalk. westward. "What is the matter with that There seemed to be some misappre- man?" hension as to what our position really was and what our prospects are. Our "He is full of bad whisky." station at Toro is a very strong one, and "Is it poison?" is so maintained with the object of its "Yes; a deadly poison," was the service as a base for our advance inland. answer. "Do you watch the selling of whisky (Signed) ALFRED R. TUCKER, as you do the milk?" asked the Japa- Bishop of Uganda. nese. "No." P. S.-The district pointed out by Mr. At the markets they found a man Hurlburt, on the map, and which was looking at the meat to see if it was either on or in close proximity to the healthy. French Kongo, and which I suggested "I can't understand your country," might be found to be within the area as- said the Japanese. "You watch the signed by the Sudan Government to the meat and the milk, and let men sell Austrian branch of the Roman Church, whisky as much as they please." is beyond our sphere.-A. R. T. FIFTY YEARS OF ANSWERED THE LOUDON CONVENTION PRAYER By some oversight, which it is difficult to understand, the Loudon con- In response to a request the pub- lishers have reprinted the article from vention mentioned on page 5 of our our J.gnuary number, and are able to January number was referred to as supply it in pamphlet form at 2 cents belonging to the South Africa Dutch each, or $1.00 per hundred copies. Reformed Mission. The Dutch field Bishop C. C. Penick has already orlies to the south of the field of the dered 500 copies for distribution. United Free Church Mission, to which the Loudon station belongs. The convention referred to was not the annual convention of the mission, but of a

MISSIONARY

AMERICA teering for mission service, and he wanted to form a syndicate of busi- The Laymen's Movement and Christian ness men who would supply the funds Unity to send them. The proposition was applauded to the echo, as was the fur- Speaking of the series of confer- ther suggestion that business men of large earning capacity, who were reences now in progress, The Church- tiring on a competence in middle life, man says: should remain in the harness one or two years longer "for Jesus' sake," The divisions of the non-Christian and give all the earnings of those world will force the conference to realize years to extend His kingdom-a the ineffectiveness of the Christian world proposition most sane as well as most and the incubus imposed by the sin of its Christian. Religion and business divisions. There must also come the would thus be closely linked together. positive assurance that there is such a thing as a common Christian view of These six statements of fact, taken God and the world, a common Christian from a single issue of Men and Misideal of character, a Christian Gospel and sions, give some indication of how the a Christian hope, all appearing as con- laymen are undertaking to do things cordant and harmonizing parts of a com- for the furtherance of the kingdom: mon faith, to which only a united body can bear witness in the visible course of Twelve different communions are this world and the actualities of common at work canvassing their members in social life. The details of reunion will, Baltimore. it is true, not be on the agenda papers of the conference. But the need of re- The Episc.opalians of Philadelphia union and the mighty appeal to Chris- have a committee of twenty-five laytians to find some permanent way of follow- men at work. ing Christ without violating His precepts j that they must be one with one another in Eighty-two laymen made addresses order to be one with Him, will fill the in eighty-two churches in Indianapolis atmosphere of the conference. The gath- on a single Sunday. ering together of such a conference must of itself powerfully contribute to the Fifty-six churches have appointed healing of the divisions of Christendom. active missionary committees. In nearly everyone of them an every- The Interior speaks thus of the member campaign is under way.

Laymen's Movement: After rounding out the canvass at Petersburg and Richmond, the men The first two months of this greatest of those cities are planning to carry series of missionary meetings yet seen in the campaign into every city and town Christendom have been an unprecedented in the State. success. For thoroughness of organization and business-like system in manage- Lincoln Memorial University Burned ment. no church undertaking ever before inaugurated in this country has approxi- A sad loss has come to the Lincoln mated this comprehensive enterprise. Memorial University, located at Cum- There has not been one failure among berland Gap, Tennessee, in the destructhe score of conventions thus far held. tion of the main building, Grant-Lee Everywhere the theme of missions has Hall. This university is about ten taken hold of the men of the churches as years old, having been founded for the no other religious subject has lately purpose of giving a good practical gripped them. With all the enthusiasm education to the mountaineer youth engendered, however, there has prevailed of the South. General O. O. Howard sanity and care. The advances of giving was its founder and was much interdetermined on have in no case been be- ested in the institution, giving pracyond the goal of a reasonable effort, tically all his time in later years to the usually from 7S to 100 per cent increase. securing of financial support. Besides And in every place immediate canvasses the building and furnishings, the three for subscriptions have brought in gifts printing-presses, the work-shop and generously justifying the aim adopted.

Under the inspiration gathered at the recent convention of Student Volunteers, Mr. A. E. Marling, one of the leading business men of New York City, told the business men of Brooklyn that he had seen at Roches- ter the youth of the colleges volunto.o.ls were also. destroyed. Now is the hold. another down in the ditch without time fo.r friends to rally to the aid of staymg down in the ditch with it. this institution. In another part of his address he Sins Against Immigrant. said: Says Prof. A. E. Steiner in his re- Liberty is not a bequest, but a conquest. cently published The Immigrant Men are freed by truth. Emancipation Tide: proclamations by governments do not free slaves of any kind. But they go a The S.cotch-Irish of Pittsburg are not good w~y toward preparing them for a conspICUOUS example of good citizen- ment<l;l liberty. We will never get true ship for the Italians; the Germans of Americans until their brains, their hearts Rea<;iit:'g ::nd Lancaster have no overplus and their hands are educated simultaneof CIVIC righteousness to give the Slavs; ously. the Quakers of Philadelphia have not been moved by the Spirit to teach the Another World Convention Jews how to govern a city righteously; the Yankees of Connecticut and Rhode The program for the World's Sixth Sunday-school Convention, to be held or Island have not ruled their States in such in Washington, May 19-24, is about completed, and will probably be the a manner that the crude Lithuanian greatest Sunday-school program ever the Greek could in aIJ cases follow their compiled, since no gathering of Chrisexample; nor are the Irish of New York tian workers has such a large conin a position to throw stones at the other stituency as the World's Sundayraces. ~chool Associati<?n. The Sunday dur- mg the conventIOn, May 22, will be An Ex-Jesuit in America known as World's Sunday-school Day, and will be fittingly observed in The former learned Jesuit priest, every country on the globe and in the Rev. Giorgio Bartoli, D.D., of Italy, islan.ds of the seas. A special opening who recently united with the Wal- serVIce for' the use of the Sundaydensian Church, has now come to schools throughout all the earth is New York with Dr. Muston, president now in course of preparation. This of the Waldensian Board of Evan- opening exercise or special service gelization. Dr. Bartoli is one of will be arranged to occupy just fifteen Italy's most learned men, and has minutes at the opening of the Suncome to have a clear conception of the day-school session on that day; it will Gospel to Christ. He has lately pub- be printed in more than 50 languages lished a book entitled "The Primitive and in quantities reaching into the Church," which explains why he left many millions of copies. the Roman Catholic Church and the Jesuit order, of which he had been a A Missionary Pilgrimage member for 27 years. He comes to America to give new interest in the Following the World Missionary noble Waldensian Church, and to Conference in Edinburgh next June a bring further cooperation in the evan- party of Americans are to cruise in gelization of Italy. For further infor- the Mediterranean to visit American mation write to Mrs. R. A. Dorman, colleges, missions and hospitals in the 28 West 69th Street, N ew York. Near East. They will use the steam- yacht A thena to visit Macedonia, How to Make True Americans Turkey, Asia Minor and Syria. Con- ferences with missionaries are ar- Booker T. Washington continues to ranged in Constantinople, Smyrna, be a most effective pleader for his race. Beirut and Cairo in Egypt. The party At a recent meeting in Henry Ward will have sufficient leisure to enjoy Beecher's old church he used this the art of Greece, the inspiration of striking language and metaphor: the Holy Land and the Egyptian temples up the Nile. Professor Har- When I was a boy I was the champion lan P. Beach, of Yale, will lead the fighter of my town. I used to love to hold the boys down in the ditch and hear them yell. When I grew older I found that I could not hold another boy down in the ditch without staying down in the ditch with him. Nor can any race

mlsslOnary thought of the whole trip. for studying the legal and political Before the missionary cruise, the questions that just now concern the group will attend the Edinburgh con- negro, defending or instituting suits ference, and the Passion Play at in the courts to test the validity of Oberammergau. The itinerary and statutes or ordinances obj ectionable program have been planned by a large to him, investigating lynchings and committee of missionary board secre- keeping accurate records of crimes by taries. or against negroes, and of promoting in various ways their education and The Bible Feared and Haled welfare. Such a committee should be able to help the negro precisely in the Says the Bible Society Record: directions where all agree that he most needs help, namely, in industrial and One of our colporteurs in Mexico, En- moral training-thrift, skill, and capcarnacion Martinez, made a trip lately, vis- ital, manliness, and virtue. iting the little ranches and big haciendas, offering for sale the Word of Life. When South America the Forlorn he reached the Hacienda de Pardo he found great opposition to the entrance Robert E. Speer, secretary of the of the Word. One of the bosses asked Presbyterian Board of Foreign Misto be shown some Bibles, and bought a sions, has been on a visit of six months' seventy-five cent one. He then took his duration to South American countries knife from his pocket and proceeded to to study opportunities and conditions cut the precious book to pieces. He with respect to mission work. He then called our brother into a room and visited Brazil, Chili, Uruguay, the Arsaid, "Look here." There were fully two gentine, Peru, Bolivia and Colombia. dozen copies of Bibles and New Testa- Mr. Speer found the student bodies ments that had been taken away from in the educational centers far behind the people who had bought them. those of Japan and India in educa- "These," said he, "will be burned upon tional dvelopment and in moral ideals. the next visit of the priest." This hap- Half the population of Chili and 85 pened last week only, less than 40 miles per cent in some of the other countries from Mexico City. are unable to read and write. From one-fourth to one-half of all the people The Negro: His Present and Future of the continent official reports show are born out of wedlock. Mr. Speer A national conference has been held pronounces South America a misin New York to discuss the position sionary field indeed, despite the fact and prospects of the black man in the that the W orId Missionary Conference United States. Several eminent men, in Edinburgh next year is disposed to lifelong friends of the negro, had re- rule out of its consideration the fields fused to sign the call and were of now occupied by Roman Catholics. the opinion that the conference might do more harm than good; but others, Work Among Women in Bueno. Ayre. men and women of sober judgment, thought the conference opportune, The Y. W. C. A. has sent two secreand it was held. Some of the ses- taries to Buenos Ayres, Argentine Resions were stormy and much friction public, to aid in the upbuilding of asoccurred, yet the conference as a sociation work in that great, cosmowhole was a success. The resolutions politan, and very wicked city, where adopted demand the enforcement of women generally are looked down the constitution and the laws pro- upon and all efforts for amelioration tective of the negro's rights and op- of their moral or material condition portunities, protest against backward are held in contempt. In 1905 a steps either in politics or in industry, branch Y. W. C. A. was organized by and urge earnest efforts in behalf of Mrs. Neeley, wife of the M. E. the black men in those States where Bishop, whose diocese used to be in discrimination is practised or threatened. The best result of the conference is the decision to create a national committee of forty citizens for the purpose of organizing a large body

Buenos Ayres, and other good women therefore we may cherish the conof different nationalities. In the four fidence that it will prove instrumental years of its existence the association to a good end, either in the nearer or has done noble work and developed farther future.-Free Church Record. a boarding department, down-town lunch-rooms, classes in sewing and in British Medical Mis.ionarie. Bible instruction, and classes in Spanish and English. Preeminently, how- As usual, at the opening of the year, ever, does it give its thought to pre- Medical Missions at Home and ventive work among young women Abroad gives the names and locaand girls, for the white slave traffic is tions of all "medical missionaries holdflourishing in Buenos Ayres to a terri- ing British degrees or diplomas." The fying extent, and pitfalls and snares number of these is now 403, an inare laid for girls and young women crease of 18 over a year ago. They which are almost beyond the concep- are in the employ of 41 societies, and tion of North American women. of course are scattered all the world over. The Church Missionary So- EUROPE ciety makes use of 8I, the United Free Church of Scotland of 61, Lon- Rival Scotch Churches in Conference don Society 39, Wesleyan 20, Baptist 19, Church of Scotland and Irish The 9th of November, IgOg, has be- Presbyterian each 18. come an historic date in the ecclesiastical history of Scotland. On that day THE CONTINENT was held the first meeting of the two committees appointed by the general French Protestants in Council assemblies of our own Church and of the Church of Scotland to enter into An assembly of French Protestants unrestricted conference on the eccle- was held at Nimes for three days in siastical situation and the main causes the end of October. For the first time of the separation between the two regularly appointed representatives of churches. all the denominations met together to deliberate as members of the same It is important that the purpose of body. Reformed· Protestants of all the conference should be clearly un- shades – Lutherans, Independents, derstood. It is not to attempt the ad- Methodists, Baptists – affirmed their justment of a plan of union. Neither moral and spiritual unity, sealed a assembly has yet ventured to affirm compact of alliance, and decided to that the way is open for union. But meet again every five years in plenary the significant fact is that the two assembly. Out of these fraternal dechurches, while fully conscious of all liberations has issued the "Conseil de the difficulties involved, especially in la Federation protestante." It is the acceptance by the one and the decli- charged, among other things, to denature by the other of a civil estab- fend the general interests of French lishment, have entered into what both Protestantism and the rights of libdesire to be the fullest and frankest erty of conscience or of worship wherconference in all brotherliness upon the ever these are threatened or invaded, causes which separate them. That as they have been in Madagascar. great fact is evidence of a common The assembly has also issued an adconviction of loss and hindrance to dress to the Protestants of France the cause of Christ in Scotland oc- which is a document marked by clear casioned by existing divisions, and of spiritual vision and persuasive love. deep and prayerful yearnings for the Toward the close it touches on the didisappearance of these divisions in a visions of Protestantism and deplores Presbyterian Church which shall be them, but recognizes certain advanin the best sense national, united, and tages from the diversities that exist free. We have been led into it, we with the realization of inward unity. can not doubt, by the hand of God, and Almost the closing word is as follows: "It has been said, not without reason, like M. Vandervelde is satisfied with that it is the misfortune of France to the "scheme of reforms"-confessedly be divided between two opposing fac- incomplete. tions, ultramontanism and atheism. Between these two extremes Protes- The Vatican is very solicitous about tantism opens the true way, that of the new King of Belgium, and shows free faith in Jesus Christ, united to its alertness by taking prompt measindependence from any yoke of man." ures to reenforce his religious views by surrounding him by Romanist ad- Protestant Reunion in Belgium visers. The Petit Republique prints. a resume of an alleged cipher dispatch We record with pleasure that the sent by Cardinal Merry del Val, papal two main Protestant bodies in Bel- secretary to the Nuncio at Brussels, gium have united in order to help the saying that the accession of King Al- Protestant societies already at work bert has created inquietude in Rome, on the Kongo. The new movement is where he is considered a lukewarm to be known as the Belgian Society Catholic, with anti-clerical, even soof Protestant Missions on the Kongo, cialistic sympathies. and is already responsible for the support of two orphans. An appeal is Buddha or Christ? in Germany made to children in Belgian Protestant Sunday-schools to join some group of It is stated that there are about the Friends of Missions. To interest the 250,000 Buddhists in Germany alone, children, the Central Committee of the and that the majority of them belong Federation of Teachers in the "Eglise to the so-called cultured classes. The chretienne missionnaire beige" has Reformation, a German magazine, just translated and published Mrs. says: "In Leipsic is a Buddhistic mis- Ruskin's story, "Bokuba, the Twice- sionary institute with eleven itinerant redeemed Slave," which they send 'preachers.' In Munich a cerc1e of forth with Christmas greetings. We members of the nobility gather on the hope that the result of this story may evening of every Lord's day to enbe to enable our friends to support a gage in the heathen worship of native evangelist to the people among Buddha. The gospel of self-atonewhom Mrs. Ruskin labors. ment is being proclaimed, and cap- tivated a prominent theologian of King Albert and the Kongo the modern school so that he set the crumbs of Indian philosophy before The new Belgian monarch has his congregation during eleven years. traveled in the Kongo. In an ex- Francis Hartman, a German savant, cellent Times article, it is said: who has spent eleven years in Budd- histic cloisters in India, cries out, He was naturally precluded by his po- 'Holy Buddha, we are at thy feet in sition from taking any part in the con- Germany also.' It is a terrible fact. troversies connected with the Kongo, but Among the noble and the cultured this . . . he is known to have been painfully heathenism has its zealous followers, imprest by the need of reform, during who spend immense sums for its his recent visit to the colony. spread. In Paris, a German baron gave $125,000 for Buddhistic mission- In his royal message he makes the fol- ary work." lowing reference to the subject: "In the Kongo the nation wishes for a policy of Increased Missionary Intereat in humanity and progress. The colonizing Germany mission can but be a mission of high civilization. Belgium has always kept The General Synod of Prussia her promises, and when she engages to which met in Berlin in November apply in the Kongo a policy worthy of recognized the necessity of better inher, no one has the right to doubt her struction of future pastors concerning word." the history, aims, and methods of Christian missions and petitioned the That is excellent, and it is not for us to suspect the bona fides of the new king. It is a welcome sign of the times that a good friend of the Kongo government (through the Evangelical morning. The spirit among the stu- High Consistory) for the founding of dents is good, and the President looks a chair for the science of missions in forward to a year of quiet and steady the University of Berlin. It also ap- growth in all departments of the work. pealed to all members of the Church for increased interest in the preaching Rev. Stephen Trowbridge writes of the Gospel to the heathen, espe- that the week of prayer in the Syrian cially in the German colonies. Protestant College has been a season of marked spiritual power. There has Russian Relics of the Dark Ages been an average daily attendance at the college prayer-meetings of 300, The chancery of the Holy Synod and many have given evidence of rehas recently pUblished some statistics newed spiritual life. This is the more relating to one feature of the Russo- encouraging when we remember that Greek Church which to modern ears last year the Moslem and Jewish stuare near to the incredible. There are dents were on strike against attendin Russia 300 recognized monasteries ance at any of the religious exercises and 228 nunneries, with I37 monas- or Bible classes of the college. teries and I54 nunneries not under control. The monks number 9,707, Jubilee of the British Syrian Mission with 8,I04 novitiates, and the nuns II,870, with 35,559 novitiates. The The British Syrian Mission, founded Alexander Nevski monastery in St. by Mrs. Bowen Thompson in I860, is Petersburg possesses $I,600,000 in entering upon its jubilee. We regret gold. Percherskoi monastery at Kieff to see that it closed the forty-ninth owns property worth $900,000,000, year of its activity in Syria with the while Troitsa-Sergleffski, situated very heavy deficit of $6,000, and trust forty miles from Moscow, has prop- that its friends will rally round it and erty worth $r,6oo,000,000. All com- free it from debt. The work is in a bined the wealth of the monasteries most prosperous condition and in the and nunneries is estimated to be no 38 schools 3,027 pupils (556 Mohamless than $3,735,000,000 I medan) were instructed by 20 Eu- ropean and 79 native teachers. The ASIA 4 preaching stations attracted average congregations of r87, while the 16 The Syrian Protestant College Bible women and Scripture readers did much good in their sphere of President Howard Bliss writes that activity. The superintendent of the this institution, located at Beirut, has mission, Miss Thompson, has been had a very prosperous opening of its forced to resign under medical advice, season of Ig09-I9IO. The number of but purposes residing in Beirut so students now enrolled is 830. There that she will be able to aid the work will be additions to this number dur- by her experience and counsel. ing the year in the preparatory department. There were never so many Scattered Laborers in Peraia students in the upper departments at the college-472. Of these 830 stu- Rev. James H. Linton, of the dents, 174 are Protestant, 439 belong Church Missionary Society, stationed to other Christian sects, IOr are Mos- at Shiraz, Persia, writes: lems, 86 Jews, 25 Druses, and 5 Behais. All the students attend all Christian workers in Persia are not the required religious exercises and usually jammed up in the way we are Bible classes. The Young Men's at home. For example, I am the only Christian Association has enrolled Christian worker of any denomination in nearly 300 members, who attend not Shiraz. My nearest missionary neighbors only the weekly meeting, but also the are at Yezd, twelve days' caravan journey voluntary Bible classes on Sabbath off! Tho Ispahan is farther away it is possi- ble to go there in seven days, traveling night and day on a springless cart. Be- tween here and the sea (Bushire) there is no missionary. We have no "Conferences"-but we have God. When the from them; but the most potent of all props have gone we value our union with Him. -and its power will be even greater in the future-is the effort to Chris- Reenforc:emenb for Arabia tianize the land.

Five new missionaries are soon to be It is encouraging to find the bishop added to the Arabian Mission-Rev. remarking, without any reservations, Ewim Elliott Claverley, and Dr. Mrs. that: Claverley; Dr. Paul Wilberforce Harrison, Dr. Anna Christine Iverson and It is hardly rash to prophesy that Miss Dorothy Firman. Dr. Cantine within the next fifty years some 30,000,000 of the same mission, writing at the or more of the out-castes wiil be gathconclusion of twenty years' work in ered into the Christian Church; and if Arabia, says: this prophecy is fulfilled, a social revo- lution will take place in every village, Our society seemed definitely held to and a new force will arise in Indian poliits first purpose of pioneer work among tics and in Indian religion. . . . Fifty Moslems looking toward the interior of million Christians will be a greater power Arabia as its ultimate goal. This de- in the land than 60,000,000 Mohammevelopment toward the interior, tho nec- dans. . . . The elevation of the outessarily following our occupation of the castes will be also the most effective coast, has been steadily carried out. Our demonstration of the essential difference first out-stations were a couple of hun- between Christianity and Hinduism. dred miles from Busrah, one on the Here are 50,000,000 of people whom Hin- Tigris and one on the Euphrates; and duism has reduced to a state of utter in the mountains of Oman, westward misery. The Christian Church holds out from Muscat, there is another Christian to them the right hand of brotherhood, outpost. We have always prayerfully and gives them a new life. No amount and longingly looked at the open roads of subtle reasoning can turn the edge of inland, but only this year has our force this argument as a witness to Christ. on the coast been strong enough to justify setting aside one of our number, a Gospel Work at Hindu Festivals doctor, for definite work among the tribes inland. The Rev. W. S. Sutherland writes in Conference: INDIA The Hindu festivals at Sriperumbudur The Out-Castes Flocking to Christ and Conjeeveram have this year given exceptionally good opportunities for Gos- In a noteworthy article appearing in pel work. Of the rowdyism of the last the Nineteenth Century, the Bishop of few years hardly a trace remained. At Madras writes sympathetically upon Conjeeveram the multitude was as great the interesting "Out-Castes of India," as ever. A company of about 30 workers, and throws a strong light upon some including picked workers from other disof the pressing problems of this great tricts and men from other missions, held peninsula. The bishop urges-and "the fort for seven days. About 300 Gosit can not be too often repeated-that pels and little books were sold, and about the conversion of India depends, not 40,000 tracts of one sort or another were upon the conversion of the Brahmans, given away in Tamil, Telugu, and Engor of the educated classes of the large lish. This year we had about 10,000 little towns, but upon that of the huge pop- leaflets specially printed, containing a ulation of the villages; and he states suitable heading, a striking text, and a that during the past forty years in the word of explanation and invitation to call Telegu country about 250,000 out- on the workers for inquiry. Of our castes have become Christians, in the preachers, 4 were themselves Brahman Travancore State about 100,000, and converts of our own or other missions. that every year these mass movements Two had actually been employed in large toward Christianity gather strength. temples in their early days, and a third Undoubtedly much is being done for had received his first Christian instructhe elevation of the people of India. tion in the Conjeeveram high school Changes, economic and otherwise, are about 40 years ago. being made, and much is hoped for The South Indian Alsembly The second general assembly of the South India United Church met in Trevandrum in December. The Lon- don Mission, Madura Mission, Arcot Mission, and United Free Church Mis-

GENERAL MISSIONARY

sion were represented, and the com- Misaionariea from India to Fiji bined organization consists of II3 churches, with a Christian community Three years ago-during the India of 145,000. There were 60 delegates Jubilee celebration-a farewell meetpresent. Dr. Wyckoff, the retiring ing was held at the Bareilly Theopresident, congratulated the assembly logical Seminary on the occasion of on the recognition accorded to the sending one of its students, Udai South Indian Church by those of Eng- Singh, to the Fiji Islands as a misland and America. "Again," he said, sionary among the East Indians living "the present is the most suitable time there. During the early part of this to effect a union. The Indian Church year two Wesleyan missionaries from ought as far as possible be indigenous. Fiji visited this seminary and made The apostolic church took a different a strong appeal for helpers. As a reform in democratic Greece from what sult of this as well as of the interest it did in Imperial Rome, while in created by the letters of Udai Singh, Palestine it accommodated itself in the five men offered themselves as missioncircumstances prevailing there. The aries to Fiji. Two of these, with their Indian churches ought to be organized wives, have gone and the others have on the lines of the village system of doubtless also set sail. Thus is India, self-government under proper and too, beginning to heed the "Go ye" of effective control. The form of wor- Christ. ship must be suited to India. A Puritan meeting-house with its bald service Baptism of a Brahman is not the ideal for an Oriental church. Modified episcopacy is likely to be the Rev. W. C. Penn, of Noble College, best suited to India. The South Indian Masulipatam, writes as follows in the church should be comprehensive C. M. S. Gazette: enough to embrace all Protestant divisions. October 31st it was my privilege to admit into the Christian Church by bap- Another Movement Toward Union tism Mr. T. R. Ekambaram Iyer, the son of Mr. T. R. Ekambaram Iyer, late mas- The spirit of union is growing in ter of Pachaiyappa's College, Madras, and India. Draft resolutions have been a relative of the late Justice Muniswami prepared for a union of the Presby- Iyer, of the High Court, Madras. A very terian and Congregational churches in large gathering of Christians, Brahmans the United Provinces. It is supposed and other Hindu students of the college that the Allahabad Presbytery and the assembled to witness the ceremony. The local union of the Congregational baptismal service for "such as are oi churches should unite under the desig- riper years" must have made a deep imnation of "The Council of Presbyterian pression on the minds of these young and Congregational Churches," and men. Before the service began Mr. that this council should stand in the Ekambaram, in a few well-chosen words, same relation to the Presbyterian gave his reasons for the step he was ta- Church in India as the Allahabad king that day under God's guidance. He Presbytery now does, but that the said that the first seed was sown in his name of the Presbytery in its local re- heart fifteen years ago by the Rev. Dr. lationship shall be that just mentioned. Miller, of the Christian College, Mad- The delegates to the councilor presby- ras, and that subsequent contact with tery shall be allocated by the sessions Christian missionaries led him nearer and of Presbyterian churches and by the nearer to Jesus Christ until God's Holy church meetings of Congregational Spirit gave him the courage and boldness churches. These resolutions are to be to confess before men what he felt and submitted to the Allahabad Presbytery believed in his heart, namely, that Jesus and the Congregational churches for Christ was his Savior. approval. CHINA Popular Government in Prospect An epoch-making event occurred in China on October 14 when in the capi- tals of the 21 provinces there met, for the first time in all her long history,

provincial assemblies composed of rep- Li, the president, spoke of federation resentatives of certain classes of peo- under the figure of workmen building ple, thus introducing the element of a house and each group doing the de- popular participation into the govern- tails of its work in its own way, but ment of this most ancient nation. The all in accordance with the plan of the members of these assemblies consist chief architect. So the temple of God, wholly of the gentry and student so the kingdom of heaven is to be classes and no office-holders are eli- built up. Another illustration of our gible to them. While in the beginning essential unity used by him was that, the sole power of these assemblies is while all Chinese shave the head and advisory, they are designed as training wear the cue and have the same sort schools preparatory to the exercise of of clothing, yet it can be told even by greater powers, each succeeding year, the way the head is shaven, or the cue until, with the inauguration of a na- is plaited, or by other details of the tional parliament eight years hence, costume, from what part of the em- they will become real provincial legis- pire one comes. So, tho as Chris- latures. The influence of this step tians we differ in name and in matters and its progress in the direction of a of detail, we are all subjects of one constitutional government for China King and we are all loyal to him.

can not be overestimated. Salvation Army to Invade China A Fine Spectacle of Christian Unity According to the Chinese Recorder, In Tientsin there are four missions: some time during the present year the The American Board, London So- Salvation Army plans to begin work ciety, United Methodist and Metho- among the Celestials, with Chefoo for dist Episcopal. All these united in an headquarters. Hitherto no work has invitation to our evangelists to come been undertaken in the empire, largely and take charge of all churches, mis- on the ground that its quasi-military sionaries and Chinese teachers for two methods were not adapted to this weeks; each stating, "We willingly peace-loving people.

put ourselves under your orders for a A Busy Missionary campaign." This is union indeed, and in the highest sense. No doubt, if Here are a few sentences taken from one of the other denominations having the letter of a missionary in China unusual evangelistic power should ap- which will throw a little light on the pear, the Methodist Episcopal mission complexity of missionary work: would reciprocate this act of confi- During the past six weeks I have sent dence and brotherly love. A poster in out fully 150 pounds of mail matter in Chinese was distributed, stating where the interest of the work for the coming and when services would be held in year, or rather, the year that we have the Chinese churches, and what minis- just entered upon. In addition to this ters from outside Tientsin would as- f am erecting nine buildings on my field, sist.-Christian Advocate. ranging in cost from $900 to $14,000, and I find that this takes a great deal of my Chinese Christians and Comity time. Weare now launching an enter- prise that will cost, all told, $14,000 at The second annual meeting of the one point. I must run up there in the Federation Council of Kiangsu prov- morning to look matters over. This ince was held at Nanking, November marks the beginning of simply taking 24 and 25. There were about 30 dele- that stronghold for Christ and the gates present, perhaps half of them Church.-World-Wide Missions.

Unhappy Lot of Chinese Doctors Chinese. These missionary societies He patches health by contract. were represented: Southern Baptist, Each family from whom he receives Presbyterian North and South, Dis- a yearly stipend can command his ciples, China Inland, London and services at will. Hence his interest is Friends. In his opening address Mr. to keep down sickness among subscri-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

bers, especially since every day of ill- $60 a year. Dr. T. M. Liung, a dentist ness means to him not only loss of returned from California, was largely intime, but the deduction of a day's pay strumental in securing a valuable corner from his honorarium. lot, within a few minutes' walk of the cen- ter of Hongkong, on which is a four-story Comparatively secure is the lot of building. Thus our mission in Kwangthe ordinary Chinese practitioners, for tung, wholly originated, supported, and whom the utmost penalty for a mis- maintained, by the Chinese in America chance is loss of income, as compared and in Kwangtung, owns four buildings, with that of the Imperial court phy- worth about $10,000, without indebtedsician. To this high functionary, who ness, has about 120 church members, attends the high officials also, inability more than 100 in the Sunday-schools, to cure a patient is a matter of much and two boys' and two girls' schools. graver comment. Thus, the deaths of the Empress-Dowager and the young KOREA Emperor resulted in the degradation by two classes of five doctors, while Christianity in Korea the president of the Imperial hospital and two assistants were prohibited al- Rev. Eugene Bell has just fortogether from following their profes- warded the statistics of all the Protession.-Harper's Weekly. tant missions in Korea for the year ending June 30, 1909. There are 2,043 A Chinese Educator Converted groups of believers, with 42,244 bap- tized members, 50,516 catechumens, A missionary writes in the Herald and 76,280 adherents. These Chrisand Presbyter: tians of all denominations contributed $132,742 in United States currency, an Something occurred here in North average of $3.14 for each baptized China recently which has greatly glad- Christian. When the poverty of these dened the hearts of missionaries, and people is considered, this is a most restartled many others. Chang Bow Lin, markable tribute to their love for one of the foremost educators in these Christ and His Church. There are parts, a Confucianist of the highest stand- 283 Protestant missionaries at present ing, has become a Christian. He was laboring in Korea. The French baptized in Tientsin, entering the Method- Roman Catholics have about 40 or 50 ist Church. He was influenced through foreign priests, who live at about 40 the Y. M. C. A. When he decided to different stations scattered over the become a Christian, he hastened to Pe- country, and claim a large following. king to tell the wealthy and influential patrons of his school of this important Another Korean Leader an Earnest step. Chang Bow Lin insisted on resign- Christian ing from the presidency of the school. He is dead in earnest and spoke to a num- The Hon. H. Y. Sim, who was sent ber of leading men, telling them of the to Tokyo by the Korean Government great change in his life. to look after the interests of Korean students in that capital, was not a Home Mi.sions in China Christian when he went to Japan. But he came under the influence of the Says World-wide Missions: missionaries and is now an earnest Christian, speaking frequently to stu- In 1901 the Rev. Yu~ Kwai, a Chinese dents in the Sunday afternoon meetconverted in California, went out to ings of the Young Men's Christian Aswork among his fellow countrymen, and sociation. especially to gather up the Chinese Methodists who had returned from the A Million-souls Campaign! United States. Assisted by the Chinese missionary Society in San Francisco, Mr. During the coming year, the Chris- Yue Kwai built a church and school, and tian Church in Korea, made up of peogathered a considerable congregation. In ple so recently brought from heathen- -1907 he opened work in a market town ism, is to engage in a campaign for in the Sanning district, and later started the winning of 1,000,000 souls for a mission in a railroad town on the line Christ. The holy boldness of this enconnecting Hongkong and Canton. A Christian Chinaman who had returned from Sacramento bUIlt a girls' school in Kwangtung province at a cost of $800 and is supporting the school at a cost of

terprise will be seen when we remem- rean officials to a dinner together with ber that there are but 80,000 01ris- those of the Y. M. C. A. in Japan, who tians in Korea, and in order to accom- had come to attend the ceremony. plish their purpose they must win a soul each every month. The young The Resident General, Prince Ito, in- vited to a dinner some scores of the Korean Church has been noted from Japanese, Koreans and some foreigners the first for its evangelistic fervor, and who had come to Korea in connection that its heart is big its intention de- with the opening of the Y. M. C. A. clares. Dr. W. H. Forsythe writes of building, when he spoke upon the "Reathe plans laid for this great campaign, son for his having sympathy with Chrisand they embrace four things: " ( I) tianity, as well as with the work of the United prayer for the outpouring of Y. M. C. A." His speech made a very the Holy Spirit, convincing the un- good impression upon those present, inconverted of sin, of righteousness and cluding Dr. Richard, who had come from of the judgment. (2) A house-to- China.* house visitation, during which an invitation shall be given to all to accept JAPAN Christ as a personal Savior. (3) The wide circulation of the Word of God, Japanese Christians Desire Autonomy an endeavor to put a Bible in every A Protestant church federation was Korean home. (4) The daily prayer: the immediate outcome of the recent Korea for Christ." celebration of the semi-centennial of Protestant missions in Japan held in The Japanese Chief-Justice in Korea Tokyo. Delegates from the missions of the Baptist, Episcopalian, Congre- A letter from Chief Justice Noboru gationalist, Disciple, Quaker, Meth- Watanabe, head of the Judiciary De- odist, Reformed and Presbyterian partment in Korea, shows what type churches joined in the action. This movement for unification was greatly of man he is, and how earnest and sin- stimulated by a sacramental service cere are the efforts which are being the day before, where 600 Japanese, made by the Japanese for the regen- Europeans and Americans of many eration of that country. Judge Wat- denominations commemorated toanabe is the efficient president of the gether the death of their common Y. M. C. A. in Seoul. The letter Lord. Tho showing heartiest honor (dated January 27, I90 9) , is to Rev. to all missionaries, nevertheless, it was H. Loomis and reads in part as fol- evident in almost every hour that the lows (translation): semi-centennial must be considered as marking the end of the missionary The relation between the Japanese and epoch in the empire. A circular, pre- Koreans is improving. In our Judiciary pared beforehand by the Japanese, had Department, the question of harmonizing stated that the occasion would signify the two peoples was the great problem "the emergence of the Japanese which taxed my brain to the utmost at Church from the stigma of being an first, but, thanks to Heaven, we have alien parasite to the acknowledged had no misunderstanding or collision be- status of an indigenous institution." tween us. Nothing said indicated a desire to dis- pense with missionaries; but they want The harmony between the two people the American and European ministers must be brought about by the Chris- and teachers to regard themselves as tians. The other day, I was invited by working, not in behalf of homeland the Yang Dong Church, founded by churches, but as agents of the Japanese Dr. J. S. Gale, to address them and I dwelt on the necessity of the Christians Church.-Interior. becoming the cure of these abominable differences between the two people, Oriental Religions in Peril citing Ephesians 2: 1-6. The religions of the Orient and the The Y. M. C. A. is also endeavoring Occident are at war with each other, to bring about this desirable harmony. the on~ aiming at defensive protec- The Korean Y. M. C. A. building held its opening ceremony in the beginning * Prince Ito has contributed $2,500 for building of December, and the Japanese Y. M. C. A. members invited the leading Ko- a Christian church at Pyeng Yang.-H. L. tion, the other at offensive destruc- 459! This is a consecration of med- tion. To protect themselves the bet- ical science to the service of our Lord. ter from the Western invader the If this is not preaching the Gospel in various cults of Buddhism are arrang- the literal sense, it is a fine application ing protective armor under the idea of of the healing mission of the world's consolidation. Koe, a publication of Redeemer, and a striking illustration Tokyo, Japan, has this to remark: of what the Christian nations ought to do. The various sects of Buddhism in Ja- pan are showing a strong tendency to- A serum has recently been dis- ward fusion into one vast body. The covered and is in use in Rockefeller movement is growing, altho still meeting Institute, New York, which it is be- with resistance in some quarters. Mean- lieved will prove as effective in stamp- while many sects are gaining accession ing out sleeping-sickness as vaccina- to their numbers from the ranks of the tion is in preventing smallpox. hitherto indifferent, thanks to the inde- pendence given them by the power which Islam Begins to Tremble thus seeks to counteract the influence of foreign religious authority. Very many A committee under the presidency Buddhists are of opinion that fusion and of the Sheikh SeEm el-Bishri, chan- unity themselves will be the best means cellor of Al-Azhar University in of contending with the influence of Occi- Egypt, has called a conference of the dental religion. leaders of the Moslem faith to meet at Cairo, February, 1911. The move- AFRICA ment is in charge of the "The Com- mittee of the Islamitic Congress." Its Light for the Dark Continent headquarters are at Cairo, at the an- cient university founded by Saladin, The Christian Express, of Love- and circulars have been issued to the dale, has recently published these different branches of Islam throughfacts which summarize the agencies out the world giving the reasons for at work for the redemption of this calling a ~onference and inviting them continent: to send delegates. The fact that in three Moslem countries, Turkey, Per- No less than 104 Protestant organiza- sia and Morocco, rulers have been tions are in cooperation. The Scriptures driven from their thrones within a have been translated, wholly or in part, year or two, and that there is great into 117 languages and dialects. Eight unrest in all Moslem lands, is believed colleges have been established, 59 theo- to have something to do with the call. logical schools, 83 boarding and high schools, 63 industrial schools, 2 schools Converts from the Coptic Church for training nurses, several kindergartens, and some thousands of common schools. British and American Christians Forty-three hospitals and 107 dispensa- have always felt and must always feel ries are ministering to the sick and suf- deep sympathy with the people, by fering, and on an average 150,000 patients far the most interesting in Egypt, are treated every year; as well as 3 leper known as the Copts. Nowhere is hospitals, 13 orphanages and 23 homes there a more genuine monumental for rescued slaves. The mission presses race, seeing that the Copts are the true number 33, and 31 missionary magazines representatives of the primitive Egypare published. tians and are at the same time the actual remnant of the early Christian Sleeping-sickness Doomed Church in Egypt. They are more nu- merous than is generally imagined, for Dr. Albert Cooke, the missionary, they number fully a million in the land first took special note of that terrible of the Nile, and, despised as they have scourge of Africans-the "sleeping been by the ascendent Moslems, they sickness." Between the years 1898 are undoubtedly far superior to them and 1905, more than 200,000 deaths, in intellectual capacity. The earnest iii. the two kingdoms of Uganda alone, could be traced to this devastating disease; that was almost at the rate of 30,000 a year. Thanks to the blessing of God, and the skill of medical science, the deaths had fallen during the first "ix months of I909 to only

mission work of British and American addition to the oversight of pastoral Protestants has recently begun to show and missionary work among a polyglot encouraging results. The native popUlation in and around Freetown Coptic Church had lapsed into a (in the streets of which some 20 lanlethargic condition, but a wonderful guages are spoken), and throughout awakening ha~ been witnessed chiefly the protectorate of Sierra Leone, the through the efforts of the agents of bishop had the superintendence of the United Presbyterian Church of Church of England work in Gambia, America, which has concentrated very the Canaries, Madeira, Azores, French much of its effort on the task of stim- Guinea and part of Morocco. ulating and elevating the Copts. At Asyut College 600 young Egyptians Civilization and Miaaions are under Christian training. Ex-President Roosevelt has said A Model African King about missions: A Methodist missionary writes fr0111 There is a question that is larger than Angola: either government or trade, and that is the moral well-being of the vast mil- The Christian village of Hombo is a lions who have corne under the protecproof of the power of the Gospel. At tion of modern governments. The repdaybreak every morning the horn is resentative of the Christian religion must hI own and the people assemble at the have his place side by side with the king's house to hear the Word of God man of government and trade, and for read, and to praise and pray. Witchcraft generations that representative must be and superstition have fallen under the supplied in the person of the foreign power of the Gospel, and the heathen are missionary from America and Europe. taking knowledge of it. The native Civilization can only be permanent and church at Loanda contributes $17 a month continue a blessing to any people if, in for the support of native workers on a addition to promoting their material native station in the interior of Angola. well-being, it also stands for an orderly individual liberty, for the growth of in- Native Christians in Africa telligence and for equal justice in the administration of law. Christianity alone Professor vVarneck states in the meets these fundamental requirements. ninth edition of his history of Protes- The change of sentiment in favor of the tant missions, which has just been pub- foreign missionary in a single generalished, that Africa has now I,SII,SOO tion has been remarkable. Protestant and 608,000 Roman Catholic native Christians. According to Two Missions Unite in Education the Missions-Zeitschrift, edited by Professor Warneck, Cape Colony The spirit of cooperation is finding alone contained 786,725 native Chris- expression in the work of the United tians (only 8,589 Catholics) out of a Free Church of Scotland in its Natal total population of 1.830,063 in I904. mission and the Zulu mission of the Thus the situation in Africa is far American Board. A scheme was more encouraging than former figures adopted, subjected to reconsideration have led us to believe. and revision at the end of three years, providing that the theological and The Late Bishop of Sierra Leone Bible school of the two societies shall be located at the central station of the The Church in West Africa suffered United Free Church Mission, the prinsudden and sore bereavement when cipal to be chosen by that board and Bishop Elwin, in the eighth year of an associate to be appointed and suphis episcopate and at the early age of ported by the American Board. There thirty-eight, so recently yielded up his is also to be a training-school for Zulu spirit to God. Upon the appointment boys and a normal-school to be loof Bishop Taylor-Smith as chaplain- cated at the American Board traininggeneral in 1902, Principal Elwin was station. The principal of this school consecrated bishop. The labors to is to be appointed by the American which he was thus set apart were Board and the United Free Church arduous, and the diocese large; for in Mission is to supply a teacher.

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Scores Accepting the Gospel them suddenly escaped. After a long search two of the runaway children In an account of recent events in were discovered as they were devourthe Niger Mission the Rev. G. T. ing the flesh of their companion which Basden, of Oka, writes: they had roasted in a large fire. If this companion had died a natural About the middle of July Bishop and death or had been killed by her hun- Mrs. Tugwell arrived at Onitsha. He gry companions, could not be ascerfound a great deal of Episcopal work tained. Truly the home and the Gospel awaiting him. On four successive Sun- are needed for these benighted heathen days he held confirmation services, two children. on each side of the Niger. Some of the services were wonderful. I should much ISLANDS OF THE SEA have liked to be present at Christ Church, Onitsha. There were 24 candidates from An Experiment With Drunkards Okuzu among the 87 confirmed on that day. These candid~tes were the first to An interesting experiment of a be confirmed from Okuzu. I hear there novel kind has been tried in New Zeawere 1,200 people present at the service. land. The authorities there were sick The church holds comfortably between of sending drunkards to prison, and six hundred and seven hundred, so they they made a bargain with the Salvawere tightly packed, while many had to tion Army to purchase two islands, far take up their position outside the church. enough out in the ocean to prevent es- Fortunately, the windows are low and cape, but near enough for constant have no glass or other obstruction, so it communication with the mainland. To is quite possible to hear all that is going these islands the magistrates consigned on inside. the inebriates, and they were employed there in occupations suitable to them, Home for Liberated Slave-children in including agriculture and fishing. The the Sudan success of the experiment has been so great that the government has raised In the central part of the Sudan the the capitation grant from 73 to lOS slave traffic still lives in spite of the per head per week. earnest efforts of the Anglo-Egyptian Government to stamp it out. Un- The Maoris of To-day scrupulous Mohammedan rascals continue to steal unhappy men, women Says a writer in Guild Life and and children, ofttimes destroying the Work: homes from which they are taken, and to transport them across the country Of the original Maoris, of whom there to the places where they can sell them. are between forty and fifty thousand, we The officials watch diligently for these saw too little. The cannibal feasts are slave-caravans and liberate all the vic- of the past. So are the elaborately tattims whenever they succeed in over- tooed faces of fearless warriors, tho the taking one. The men and women, thus ladies of the leading families still decoset free in a strange land, are able rate their chins. The acting Prime Minto take care of themselves more or less ister is a half-caste Maori. Many of well, but the future of the orphaned them are studying for the professions, children gradually became a most and the Maori has the same political and serious problem, the government ma- educational privileges as the European. king no effort to take care of them. Great tracts of land are still in his pos- At last the Sudan United Mission has session. Nearly all seem to be nominal founded a home for such children, to Christians at least. At Napier I visited which they are transported after their a most interesting school for native and liberation and where they are to re- half-caste girls, conducted by the Misses ceive a Christian education. Many of Williams. The Maoris are a fine race, these children are in a state bordering but, to our Western ideas, given to indoclose on bestiality, as the following in- lence, due no doubt to their traditions cident shows: A slave-caravan had and their circumstances. The last cenbeen captured by the officials and the sus showed increased numbers, tho there liberated children were being taken to are still not half as many as in Cook's the missionary home, when three of day. The general opinion is that their fate will be absorption by the white population. Roman Catholic Aggression in Foreign ences with Roman Catholic mIssIon- Fields aries, who are following them and try German missionary magazines and to push them aside by the show of reports contain many references to the greater power and larger means and activity of Roman Catholic mission- sometimes, alas! by the use of meth- aries in the German colonies, which, ods of which professing Christians in some cases, seriously threaten the ought to be ashamed. The charge is Protestant work. From German East openly made that upon the Carolines Africa the annual r.eport of the Leip- the Roman Catholic missionaries slan- sic Missionary Society reports: "The dered and calumniated the Protestant intrusion of the Roman Catholic mis- forces, while among the heathen Kols sionaries into the Pareh mountains is the Jesuits gave money freely, that to be regretted. Since it was impos- they might weaken the Protestant sible to dissuade them from their in- forces.

tention, our Missionary Committee The Protestant missionaries in the agreed with them that the middle and German colonies call earnestly for the northern part (in its southern prayer and wisdom in meeting this half) of Pareh should be yielded to aggressiveness of the Roman Catholic them. In spite of this agreement one forces, which act in accordance with priest has entered the southern part the principle that all outside the Ro- of Pareh and· has attempted to settle man Catholic Church are heretics and three-quarters of an hour only from heathen, and need to be converted.

our station, Mbaga, tho the people Philippine Independent Catholic Church protested."

From Southwest Africa the mis- Last night, an AgJipayano priest- sionaries of the Rhenish Missionary "Theodore Cross" (Teodoro Cruz)- Society complain that the Roman called upon us for an hour. He is an Catholic Mission has been seeking to officiating priest of the Philippine In- turn away Protestant converts. The dependent Catholic Church (or, as it older and better-taught congregations is often called, the "Aglipayano have withstood these attempts, but in Church") here in Lucban. This the South, among the Bondels of the church was organized a few years ago Warmbad district, the Romanists seem by a Roman Catholic priest, whose likely to get ahead of the evangelical name is Aglipay (a Filipino). With work. In the East also, in the neigh- a feeling for more independence and borhood of Gobabis, a large Catholic with a desire to institute some reforms hospital has been erected at Swakop- in the Catholic Church, he organized mund, and is used to hinder Protestant the Independent Catholic Church of work. the Philippines. He is the "Bishop From Togoland, the workers of the Maximus" of the whole Church. They North German Missionary Society re- have severed all connection with the port: "The struggle is growing sharp- Pope of Rome, and the Roman er with the Roman Catholic Church, Catholic Church; they have their own which entered Togoland much later headquarters, etc., in Manila. They than the Protestant forces." Togo- permit the reading of the Bible by land has now 20 Protestant and 66 members, and permit their priests to Roman Catholic missionary laborers, marry. They have their own churches, while the native Protestants number cemeteries, etc. They claim to have 4,574 and the native Roman Catholics I ,000,000 members and adherents in 6,163. The Protestant missionary the Philippine Islands. Their ritual, schools have 3,817 pupils, but the Ro- doctrine, worship, and belief is about man Catholic schools 6,278. the same as that of the Roman Church.

In the South Sea the missionaries But they have taken a few radical upon the Bismarck and the Caroline steps toward reform and liberalism.

Islands are having the same experi- This Church has opened the way for

GENERAL MISSIONARY

the Protestant Church in many towns. left the Roman Catholic Church and They are generally friendly to Protes- became Protestants. Thus, more tants, and attend our services very Roman Catholics in Vienna became often. They permit Protestants to be Protestants in 1908 than in 1903 buried in their cemeteries, while (4,5 10), 190 4 (4,362 ), 1906 (4,364), Romanists will not. The priest men- and 1907 (4,197), and only a few less tioned above is very friendly to us, than in 1902 (4,624) and 190 5 and visits us often and talks freely of (4,855)· When the movement, which his and our church work. He asked is commonly called the Los-von-Romlast night to borrow two of our Sab- Bewegung (Away-from-Rome Movebath-school picture charts. His little ment), commenced, Roman Catholic girl (eight years old) attends our Sab- leaders pronounced it a movement of bath-school. This attitude is very dif- momentary influence and prophesied ferent from that of the Roman priests, that it would cease quickly, and many who do not care to come in contact Protestants thought likewise. The with Protestants in any way. They movement has existed almost eleven are bitter and bigots !-Herald and years, has brought 51,177 Roman Presbyter. Catholics into the Protestant fold, and shows no signs of decay. Decadence of Roman Catholicism in Home Fields OBITUARY Bolivia, one of the inland republics J. J. Fuller, of Africa of South America, has been a strong- Rev. Joseph Jackson Fuller, widely hold of popery for many centuries. It known in England as a speaker on mis- has remained practically closed to all sions, passed away in Stoke Newing- evangelistic effort until a few years ton on December lIth last, at the ad- ago and the few missionaries, at work vanced age of eighty-four. He was among its two millions of inhabitants, born a slave in Spanish Town, J a- were scarcely allowed to use any other maica. When the English Emancipa- method than education. Now, it ap- tion Act of 1834 was passed, Joseph, pears, more religious liberty is to be a child of nine, was made free.

allowed and Roman Catholicism is to When quite young, Fuller came into be greatly weakened. A law has been the possession of a Bible, which had passed which closes all cloisters and been sent to Jamaica by an English convents and forbids the entrance of boy to be given to a black child.

monks and nuns into the country. All It is noteworthy that the father of property of the Roman Catholic the future missionary – Alexander Church, which is valued at about 78 Fuller, who had, of course, also been millions of dollars, becomes property a slave-was himself one of Jamaica's of the Republic, and the consecration early converts. When the realization of monks and nuns is strictly forbid- of the blessings of freedom, due main- den. Thus Roman Catholicism is ly to the efforts of missionaries, ex- harshly dealt with in Bolivia, where it cited compassion for the negroes in has held full sway so long, while Africa, Alexander Fuller was one of Protestantism is given full liberty to the first Christian natives to go forth preach the Gospel. from Jamaica. Later he went with his From another domain of Roman father as a missionary to Fernando Catholicism, Austria, comes also news Po, but owing to the action of the of continued inroads being made into Spanish Government, the mission was the ranks of the followers of the Pope. transferred soon after to the Kam- The Protestant Church Government eruns, on the coast of Africa. There (Oberkirchenrath) has published the he continued for the long period of list of persons who joined the Protes- forty years, or until the mission was tant Church in Vienna during 1908. handed over to the Basel Missionary According to this list 4,585 persons Society. THE LIVING CHRIST AND DYING HEATHEN- in three respects-its calm judicial spirit, its scholarly and philosophical ISM. By Johannes L. Warneck, Lie. exhaustiveness, and its assurance and Theo!. Translated from the third Ger- confidence of evangelical success. He man edition by Rev. Neil Buchanan. shows the awful darkness and destitu- 12mo, 312 pp. $1.75, net. Fleming H. tion which animism brings, and that Revell Co., New York. 1909. the only way out of this quagmire of despair is the hope the Gospel gives. Superlatives are cheap, and may be Animistic heathen are bound by three used so frequently as to lose all force. fetters-fear, demon worship, and fate. But it is not too much to say of this Dr. Warneck holds that fear and fatalbook that it belongs in the front rank ism are utterly paralyzing to their vicof books of its sort. It is at once an tims-the former destroying all hope historical and analytical, philosophical and the latter discouraging all effort, and psychological, scholarly and prac- and leading to a stoical indifference tical study, of animistic heathenism, and inaction. But he believes that prompted by personal experience and demon worship is not merely a vain observation of animism among the and vague superstition founded on .a Battaks in Sumatra, and a more com- fancy; but that behind idols and false prehensive investigation of kindred gods there lie actual demonic forces, facts throughout the world-field. so that it is true that the heathen wor- ship demons, as the Word of God says. Animism is an imperfect term to express the wide-spread belief in the ex- eLev. xvii: 7, Deut. xxxii: 17, Psa. istence of spirit or soul as distinct from matter or constituting a sort of per- cvi: 37, I Cor. x: 20: 21, Rev. i(c 20: vasive essence or animating principle xvi: 14.) in matter. It holds to the existence of spiritual beings, souls, demons, deities, THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF HENRY M. STANangels-by whatever name called; and LEY. Edited by his wife. Map and ilattributes to inanimate objects and lustrations. 8vo, 550 pp. $5.00, net. substances, and natural phenomena, Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston. 1909. the personal soul-life, difficult to define, but only the more to be dreaded Here is one of the great books of because indefinable. The system it is the year. It is one of those the readhard even to outline, but it is here ing of which makes men better-like fellowship with a noble friend. Standelineated by one whose pen is like the ley's life story is of absorbing interest, pencil of an artist, every stroke tells. full of incident, adventure, keen obser- The careful reader is at no loss to un- vations and not without romance, paderstand why this remarkable book, thos and humor. He was a man who within less than a twelvemonth, achieved greatness rather than rereached a third edition. ceived it by birth or free gift.

The author depicts the animistic su- He was born to the name of John perstition with a vividness that is al- Rowland, and was brought up in a most visibility. His discussion is in poorhouse at St. Asaph, in England, three parts-first, a philosophical state- where he lived a life of pitiful neglect. ment of Battak beliefs, spirit worship, He ran away and went to sea, only to and the practical effects on the indi- suffer more abuse and to be subjected vidual and collective life; then, a por- to many temptations. He landed in trayal of heathenism and Christianity New Orleans friendless and penniless; obtained work, was adopted by Mr. in actual conflict, with the reasons for Stanley, a Christian merchant; fought the antagonism and the influences in the Civil War; became a newspaper operative on both sides; and then, correspondent in Turkey and Spain finally, the grounds for confidence in and India; searched for and found the ultimate triumph of the Gospel of Livingstone in Central Africa; dis- Christ, which is inspiring in its out- covered the sources of the Nile and look. We have seen no book of its kind for years that compares with it the Kongo; founded the Kongo Free stirred by the evidences of the love of State and became the first governor; God and the power of His spirit manwent in search of Emin Pasha in the ifested in the mission fields of the Sudan and brought him to the coast; became an author, lecturer and mem- world. The result is a man's view ber of Parliament, and finally passed of the reasons for world-evangelism away in 1904 leaving an enviable and a man's statement of tlIe causes record behind him. which have led to the laymen's up- rising in the missionary cause. The book is by no means a compilation from Stanley's other published One of the stirring stories is that of writings, altho it covers all the prin- Dr..Goucher, the Baltimore College cipal events of his adventurous and president who became known in India useful life. His wife, Dorothy Ten- as the savior and friend of thousands nent, has, with masterful mind, gath- of "Goucher Boys" whom he educated ered the material for the latter part and Christianized. This is a sample from Stanley's diaries, books and unpublished manuscripts. The story of what a missionary investment is shows Stanley the man-his thoughts, worth. feelings, beliefs, aims, hopes. We see him to be a man of high principles and Missionary work is a man's job in firm belief in God and in prayer. The the same way and for the same rea- Bible was his chief solace in the wilds son that any great campaign, commerof Central Africa and he says that cial, political or philanthropic enter- prise is a man's job. It requires grit, there he learned to know God. heroism, energy, self-sacrifice, uncon- Indirectly this is a great missionary querable faith and spirit. Every power of mind and body; statesmanlike book, for Stanley's work prepared the foresight, military genius, the energy way for Christianity. His beautiful and acumen of a commercial prince, and devoted tributes to Livingstone; the indomitable faith of a pioneer, and his earnest work for the conversion of the unselfish unconquerable love of a Mtesa, king of Uganda; and his ap- savior of men are all needed in this peal to England that missionaries be great work; and they are evident in it. sent to Uganda, and his faith in God Some of the greatest men in every all show his Christian character and calling have been missionaries and have left their mark on the worldzeal. Carey, the scholar; Livingstone, the We know of no better book for explorer; Verbeck, the statesman; Mackay, the engineer; Parker, the young men; parts of it sound more physician; Paton, the preacher. like the observations of a preacher than like those of a traveler, but there Mr. Ellis tells the remarkable story is so much virility and human interest of the Laymen's Movement and deand movement in the narrative that it scribes some of its work; he shows the logical sequence of the awakened inis neither didactic nor dull. terest of men in missions and the effect of the reports given by men who are MEN AND MISSIONS. By William T. Ellis. making missionary tours of the world. 12mo 315 pp. $1.00, net. The Sunday- The men are awake; carping critics scho~l Times Co., Philadelphia. 1909. are silenced; the ignorant are ashamed to speak and the indifferent are seeing Men seem to be just awaking to tlIe in foreign missions the greatest work fact that the work of winning the in the world. world to Christ is a man's job. It requires the command of Christ, the love Mr. Ellis also pricks some bubbles of God and the power of His Spirit to and dispels some darling illusions; make it successful. Mr. Ellis is a newspaper man ,,:ho made. ar:t ind~­ he shows some of the problems that pendent investigation of miSSIOns m appeal to a man's mettle, and defends the field. He has seen the vision of the missionary and the native convert ruined lives; he has heard the com- against false charges. mand of the risen Christ, and has been

One of the most useful portions of THE STORY OF TR~ NEGRO. The Rise of the book is the appendix, in which the Race from Slavery. By Booker T. working methods are given for the Washington. 2 yols., 12mo. Doublehelp of local churches. day, Page & Co., New York.

THE SPIRIT OF YOUTH AND THE CITY TRANS-HIMALAYAS DISCOVERIES AND AD- STREETS. By Miss Jane Addams. 12mo, VENTURES IN TIBET. By Sven A. Hedin. 162 pp. $1.25, net. The Macmillan Co., 2 vols., illustrated. $7.50, net. Macmil- New York. 1909. lan Company, New York. 1909.

It is a good sign of the times that THE JUNJOR REPUBLIC. By William R. increasing attention is given to the en- George. I1Iustrated, 12mo. $1.50, net. vironment of children and the preven- l). Appleton & Co., New York. 1909. tion of criminal training in the city streets. Miss Addams has won a VANDERINGS AMONG SOUTH-SEA SAVAGES. name for herself by her books, ad- AND IN BORNEO AND THE PHILIPPINES. By dresses and her well-advertised work in Hull House, Chicago. Miss Addams H. Wilfred Walker. 8vo. $2.50. Charles understands the temptations and evil Scribner's Sons, New York. 1909. surroundings of the city youth, but we do not believe she understands the THE RELIGION OF THE CHINESE. By J. J. remedy. Her work tries to develop the physical, social and mental nature, M. Degrott, Ph.D. 12mo, 230 pp. $1.25 but leaves untouched the mainsprings net. Macmillan Company, New York: -the religious and spiritual nature. A 1910. social dance may keep youth off the street but will not keep the tempta- NEW CHINA: A STORY OF MODERN TRAVEL. tions of the street out of youths. Edu- By Revs. W. Y. Fullerton and C. E. cation is needed, but the trained mind Wilson. 3s, 6d, net. Morgan & Scott, will not purify the evil heart. Miss London. Addams' book is a help to the study of city youth, but does not solve their FIFTY YEARS OF NEW JAPAN. By Count problems and the problem of a de- Shigenobu Okuma. 2 vols. $7.50, I£et. generated society. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York.

MISSIONS. The Baptist Monthly Maga- SOUTH INDIAN MISSIONS. Containing zine. 75 cents a year. In clubs or Glimpses into the Lives and Customs five or more, 50 cents. 312 Fourth Ave., of the Tamil People. Illustrated, 12mo, New York. 312 pp. 2s, 6d, net. Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Fo"reign It would be difficult to conceive of a Parts, Westminster, S.W. 1910. more attractive Church magazine than the new monthly which combines the INDIA'S HURT AND OTHER ADDRESSES. By Baptist Missionary Home and Foreign W. M. Forrest. 12mo, 171 pp. 50 Magazine and Good Work. Typo- cents, net. Christian Publishing Co., graphically and from a viewpoint of St. Louis, Mo. general interest, it is well-nigh ideal. Weare loath to part with the attractive TWICE-BORN MEN. A Clinic in Regenera- Baptist Missionary Magazine and are tion. A Foot-note in Narrative to Prof. not convinced that the combination is a William James's "The Varieties of Restep in advance, but we are convinced ligious Experience." By Harold Begthat the new magazine will make many bie. 12mo, 280 pp. $1.25, net. Flemfriends for itself and for the cause of ing H. Revell Co., New York. 1910. missions at home and abroad. HAPPY HOURS FOR THE Boys AND GIRLS. A NEW BOOKS Book for Parents, Junior Leaders, Sun- VISIONS. By H. H. Montgomery, D.D., day-school Teachers and Pastors. By D.C.L. 16mo, 216 pp. Is, 6d, net. So- Daniel Elwood Lewis. 16mo, 128 pp. ciety for the Propagation of the Gos- 50 cents, net. Sunday-school Times pel in Foreign Parts, Westminster, Company, Philadelphia. S. W. 1909. THE CONVERTED CATHOLIC. Edited by Rev. James A. O'Connor. Volume XXV. January to December, 1909. 8vo, 436 pp. $1.25, net. James A. O'Connor, 331 West Fifty-seventh St., New York. THE SAILORS' MAGAZINE AND SEAMEN'S FRIEND, for the year ending December, 1909. Volume LXXXI. 12mo. Ameri- can Seamen's Friend Society, 76 Wall Street, New York.

PAMPHLETS THE LAYMEN AND EVANGELISM. Address at the Laymen's Evangelistic Confer- ence, New York. National Bible In- stitute, New York. 1909. INDIA'S HOPE AND CHINA'S DESTINY. Edited by Wm. J. W. Roome. Illustrated, 43 pp. 6d. Laymen's Missionary Move- ment of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1907

A GLIMPSE OF RIO DE JANEIRO

On the summit of the highest peak, Corcorado, a sunrise prayer-meeting was recently held by melllbel's attending the South AmeriG~n Christian Endeavor Convention

~{ss{onary CJ?..ev{ew

of the World VOL. XXX. No. II NOVEMBER, 1907 VOL. XX. No. II Old Seri<s New Series Published by Funk &: Wagnalls Company, 44·tiO E. 23d St" N.Y. Isaac K. Funk, Pres., A. W. 'Vagnalls, VIet! Pres. and Treas., RoM. Scott, ~c'y SIGNS OF THE TIMES A NEW MISSION TRUST COMPANY Mr. White's plan may seem chimeri- cal, but is not half as visionary as Mr. }. Campbell White, Secretary hundreds of the speculative schemes of the Laymen's Missionary Move- whose object is to make money. Men ment, made public at the Winona As- venture millions upon the hope of sembly a plan to form a corporation gain, and when immense losses come, to evangelize the world-a missionary embark in new enterprises not less trust with stockholders in every state risky. Missions represent the greatest and province in the countries of the enterprise ever committed to men. Its civilized world, the vast resources. to object is the most sublime, its author- be turned to the work of sending ity is no less than divine, and its re- missionaries to the heathen. It is de- sults thus far eclipse in grandeur any clared that the power of this move- success ever achieved. In fact Great ment would be such that paganism of Britain and the United States owe the dark continents of the globe their supreme greatness ultimately to would be wiped out within a single the importation of the Gospel to Angeneration. The plan is to issu.e !O,- glican shores nearly thirteen centuries 000,000 shares at $lOO each, payable ago. Surely we are not the people in instalments of $5 a year for twenty to hesitate at missionary projects to years; and 1,000,000 shares at $1,000 evangelize others. each, payable $50 a year. With this s"m realized, missionaries could be THE CRISIS IN PERSIA supported in blackest Africa and in the farthest domains of Oceanica. At Persia is in a state of political upthe present time 675,000,000 heathen heaval and change, and this political have never heard the Gospel, requir- upheaval is reaching the roots of ing a force of 20,000 misionaries for social and religious life. The people their evangelization. If every church- are in a condition of political expectmember would give one carfare a ancy, says the Rev. F. M. Stead, of week, this force could be maintained. Kermanshah, and are now wondering The Laymen's Missionary Movement whether the old despotic regime will organization is but nine months old, ultimately triumph, or give way to a but already has branches in England constitutional form of government. and Scotland and fifty men investiga- Everywhere there is unrest. Business ting missionary conditions. is deprest and the people are living from hand to mouth. Tho there is

'IIlSSIO:,RY REVIEW OF THE WORLD l :ove11lber

more water, and consequently better at anJl minute. Augus! 6, the roads were crops, in that ~ection than has been lined with villagers fleeing to the city. Re". known for years. yet the working RolJert Labarec was all day at work over classes can do no more than earn the disposal of village household effects, their daily bread. Misfortune or ac- in empty rooms and cellars of the city cident reduces the unfortunate at yards; 2000 people from Tergawar fled once to beggary. down to the Plain, leaving everything in the hands of Kurds. The college property Lawlessness has become rife and was guarded by Persian soldiers. The the rebellion of the king's brother, greatest distress of the missionaries was just quelled, has done much to disturb for the poor people losing all they had, the equilibrium. Public confidence with many of their friends killed. After has been shaken, and merchants have two years of famine conditions, the wheat lost heavily. The soldiers who were crop has been very promising, but this sent to fight the rebels have proved a trouble occurred just at the time of wheat greater burden to the country than harvest; great quantities of grain remain the rebels would have been. Every- uncut, the rest is piled up on threshing where the soldiers robbed the villa- floors and much will go to waste for lack gers, terrorized the inhabitants, de- of attention. stroyed the growing crops and did all the damage they could. The latest word by cable announces that all the missionaries are safe and The political and comme-rcial dis- that conditions are improving. tress have set men to thinking, and they are more receptive of the Gospel THE CRISIS IN INDIA than they have been for years. Men have become disgusted with present Nearly every paper published in political and social conditions, and India, and almost every missionary some are saying that religious con- periodical in America and England, ditions must be changed as well as has something to say on the "Unrest political and social. All are discon- in India." One of the cleverest statetented and uneasy and many gladly ments is that recently published by listen to the message of the Gospel. the editor of IlldiGll Witness (Bom- bay). lfr. Stead writes that the great need is a host of consecrated native A crisis is a time when matters evangelists and catechists, Spirit-filled quickly and decidedly get better or men and women, to work in these har- worse, In missionary work it means an unusual opportunity, India has vest fields. entered upon a crisis, not through Some idea of the disturbance caused war or vVestern civilization, but im- pel1ed by forces no less powerful. by the Turkish raids near U rumia may The editor of the TYitlless notes some be gathered from letters received by of these forces: Mrs, B. W. Labaree in September: ( I) A natior;al spirit has come; a August 4, Turkish soldiers with cannon national consciousness is being born. assisted Kurds in attacking the Persians, This fact is sure. One who stands whose army fled to Urumia Plain. The where he may scan the whole field of horsemen arrived first and all night long Indian current journalism of every the terrified people of Anhur and Allwatch school and shade can not shut his listened to the galloping hoofs, expecting eyes to this fact. Swadeshism is pursuing Kurds and Turks to be on them

J :-;IG:S OF THE

strongcl- and 1110re general than ever. destroys; that teachers be supplied The bearing of the coolie on the street for State schools who will live the shoys the influence of the new na- morals, the ethics their pupils need tional consciousness. to know; that the Christian com- munity be trainee! to live the com- e2) The national movement is not mandment, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." Spiritually they under government leadership, but is must be evangelists. Socially they partly anti-government as being must be leaders in true, nnselfish, in- foreign. In China the government telligent patriotism. leads in a reform. In India the guvernment gives individuals opportunity The day of India's intellectual for advancement, but does not lead in emancipation anel economic develop- national movements. British good ment dawns. .Vill she be saved order, education and fair chance have ethically and spiritually? God awaits borne their fruit in carrying the peo- our answer. ple up to the degree of development where a national spirit was possible; THE CRISIS IN MOROCCO but the adolescent nation, unconscious of its own defects, is impatient of the After twenty-four years of practicontrol of a foreign government, and cally uninterrupted work in Morocco, condemns with it Vestern education the North Africa Mission is face to and religion. face with the destruction of some of its work in the lanel of the Moors' e3) The Revival movement which strange country. Vhile a temporary peace has been patched up with the has touched India makes the present Sultan and with Rais-uli, the brigand, a strategic time. :'lissionaries have there is urgent neeu for believing turned from administration to prayer, prayer for the converts and inquirers and revival has ensued. But adminis- left in peril at the stations without tration must be done. Shall over- the help of the missionaries-prayer worked missionaries be relieved by ad- that the interruptions to. mission work ditional recruits. that administration may not last long; that bloodshed and prayer and traini,.lg of the people and slaughter may be avoicled and may proceed? As the body of the that God will overrule events, so that Indian Church. quickened by revival, there 111a~- be greater religious liberty is ready for aggressive evangelistic and freeelom for evangelizing; and work among their neighbors, is there prayer that even during this time of to be adequate leadership? The re- chaos the copies of the Gospels alvival is an important 'element in the ready in the hanels of the people present crisis. may be used of the Holy Spirit.

~othing but thorough awakening The workers at Casablanca were of the Church in India, in England remarkably preserved through the anel in "merica to the importance of bombardment in September, those the present situation will avoid dis- ordered to leave were brought safely astrous consequences. to the coast, anel, despite the general anarchy, in addition to the local war The situation demands that the at Casablanca, the worker~ at three evangelist keep pace with the schoolteacher, that faith may take the place of the snperstition which education

of the North Africa Mission stations there seems to be reason to fear that (Tetuan, Laraish and Tangier) have those terms will involve no real modibeen able to keep on with their work. fication of the present abominable re- Toward the end of August, the government at Fez felt they could no gime; and it is the conviction of those longer guarantee the safety of Euro- best qualified to judge, that if through peans, and all of these were ordered any apathy or callousness the Powers to leave for the coast. Thus at Fez sanction the perpetuation of any such and Casablanca the work of the mis- horror, the event will be the greatest sionaries has been stopt, and it is calamity ever suffered by Africa. difficult to say how long these stations will remain closed. The workers at Nothing short of the conditions laid Tetuan still continue at their posts down by the Berlin Act of 1885 can be and are going on with their work. accepted as satisfactory. Above all else, the right of trading freely in the At Laraish, the missionaries are produce of his own soil, and in the able to labor on, altho they have had fruits of his own labor, must be reto keep their boxes ready packed, in stored and guaranteed to the native. order to leave at a moment's notice, Unless this is done the worst evils of should danger from the tribes arise. the present system will continue, and the absolute extinction of the Kongo At Tangier, while there has existed peoples will only be a question of considerable unrest and alarm among years. Europeans, so far no disturbance has occurred, and all the usual missionary Let every reader become acquainted work is still going on. At the hospi- with the facts. Then write to reptal, treatment to some of the sick resentatives in Congress or in Parliaamong the destitute Jewish refugees ment; pass such resolutions as may from Casablanca has been given, in strengthen the hands of our governaddition to the usual in-patient and ment in dealing firmly with any situaout-patient work. tion that may arise; and organize public meetings in our own localities.* The whole situation, says the North Africa, constitutes a very special call SLAVERY ABOLISHED IN BRITISH to prayer for a dark land. EAST AFRICA THE CRISIS ON THE KONGO Many have believed that slavery in British territory has long been im- The present position of the Kongo possible, but this is not wholly true. question calls for action. The Belgian Parliament is now called upon to con- Bishop Tucker of Uganda recently sider the question of annexing the drew attention to the fact that slavery Kongo by accepting King Leopold's exists under the British flag in Momoffer to transfer to the nation the basa, and that a British judge may in responsibility which has been his own. the exercise of his duty have to com- If the representatives of the Belgian mit a wretched woman to the custody people accept the offer, the Powers of of the man who claims her as his slave. Europe will be asked to sanction the terms of annexation. The London Mis- It is gratifying to note that Great sionary Society Chronicle says that Britain is now to abolish this evil, *Full information may be had from the offices of the Kongo Reform Association, 165 Queen Vic- toria Street, London. E '. and in Boston, Mass..

OF THE TIMES

for in the B~itish Parliament recently CHINA TO HAVE A CONSTITUTION Mr. Winston Churchill, replying to A recent dispatch from Peking Sir Charles Dilke, said that the legal states that constitutional government status of slavery in Zanzibar and the is soon to supplant the despotism coast strip was to be abolished Octo- which has ruled China for centuries.

ber Ist, and that the House of Com- An imperial edict has been issued mons would be asked to vote com- authorizing Prince Pu Lun, who was pensation. No one will be more re- Chinese envoy at the St. Louis ex- lieved at these tidings than the Ugan- position, and Sun-Chi-Anai, in co- da missionaries to whom this subject operation with the Grand Council to has been for many years an ever-pres- frame regulations for the establish- ent trial. ment of a council of deliberation, to A NEW MOVE IN KOREA aid the government "so that the foun- The Japanese are more and more dation may be laid for a parliament."

assuming control in Korea, as is seen This step is of the greatest import- by the forced abdication of the Em- ance to China, meaning that the COUll- peror in favor of the Crown Prince. try is soon to take its place with other Recent reports say that the reforms nations having a modern form of extend even to the Korean dress and government, and that its attainment that the picturesque top-knot, a sign of the rank of a fully civilized state of the married man, is abolished. is in sight.

When the new emperor was crowned The statement comes from vVash- (August 27) the old and new em- ington that the edict has been in perors cut off their top-knots, the preparation for more than six months.

Crown Prince following their exam- The State Department has been kept ple. Their subjects are now expected fully advised of the project, which to follow suit. Three years ago the meets with full approval here. While Japanese attempted to shear the Ko- the purpose of the edict is to secure reans, but have not until now been a constitutional or parliamentary form enabled to bring about this reform. of government for China, the Chinese The Presbyterian Board of Foreign people, it is pointed out, are not Missions has taken cognizance of the ready, through inexperience, for the influx of Japanese into Korea, by ap- inauguration of a full-fledged parliapointing two missionaries (Rev. and ment. Intermediate steps are pro- Mrs. F. S. Curtis) to work among vided for in the decree. The most them. They plan to itinerate among important is the creation of a "Chih the various Japanese settlements, of Chen-Yuan, or ministry for discusswhich there are a dozen or more rang- ing state affairs." The purpose of ing from 5,000 to 20,000 each. It is . this body is to evolve refornl measprophesied that in ten years there will ures. be half a million Japanese in Korea. Other points of the edict are as It is hoped that their control of the follows: Extension to the other provinces of the government will do away with the model local government system erected in old regime of intrigue and corruption Tien-Tsin by Hun Shi-Kai.

and will not interfere with the present Adoption of compulsory education. Establishment of government good faith rapid progress of the Gospel. with the people.

OTHER REFORMS IN CHINA Christian forces in South India. The Presbyterian 'Cnion has already prac- The health of the Empress Dow- tically accepted the proposed compact ager is said to be failing, and the and is evidently willing to sever its question of her successor on the connection, if need be, with the throne is Gccasioning some anxiety. ~orthern Presbyterian C nion for the She is planning for these fundamental sake of achieving' this. So that all changes in the government, with a which now remains is for the two . view to the appointment of a cabinet unions to meet early next year for council, and a rearrangement of the the consummation of this new com- state departments. She fears a dep- pact, and for the cultivation of a fel- osition of H1e ::Ianchu dynasty by the lowship and the devising of plans Chinese and to forestall an)' such which will make the union a blessing move, plans are being prepared for and a power. the amalgamation of the two races. THE ANTI.SALOON MOVEMENT The main features are as follows: The temperance reform is making 1. Disbanding of the Manchu banner decided progress. 111 the Southern troops, abolition of their pensions and states, local option has supprest the submersion of their officers into the reg- saloon in large districts, and some ular army. states have enacted rigid prohibitory laws. A lIichigan liquor org'an in 2. Daughters of Chinamen of the upper classes will be eligible to marry into the its issue of Juh- 20, H)07, says: imperial family. This promises a future Chinese-Manchu emperor. "During the past winter about two hundred and fifty bills on the ten1.- 3. Chinese women no longer will be per- perance question were considered by mitted to bind their feet. This will re- about thirty legislatures. with the move the difference in appearance between anti-saloon league leading the fight Chinese and Manchu women. on behalf of temperance forces in each state. ]t is a significant fact 4. Manchus will be required to take sur- that not a single favorable liquor bill names, like Chinamen. was passed anywhere in the country." This testimony shows an awakening CHURCH UNION IN INDIA of public sentiment, and yet the tem- The progress toward Christian perance reform is scarcely a century union in India is rapid. .t the re- olel, and whatever success is achieved cent General Assembly of the Con- has been despite mistakes and often gregational t:-nion in ~ladura, the unwise methods. The first temmost important business was the un- perance society in history, it is stated. animous ratification of a broader was organized a'C ::Ioreau. near Sarascheme of union with Presbyterians, toga, X. Y, April 30, r808, and it is embracing the American Dutch Re- proposed to celebrate its centennial at formed and the United Free Church Saratoga Springs, near the place of of Scotland. The Christian communi- its founding. from June 14 to 30, 1903. ties connected with these two n115sions number about 15,000 souls, as compared with the 135.000 1ll the Congregational Cnion, but they include some of the best organized

AMERICA AS A MISSION

BY REV. FRANCIS E. CLARK, D.D., LL.D.':' President of the Cnited Society of Christian Endeavor There are some who deny that to magnify all the defects and short- South America is a legitimate mis- comings of the Roman Catholic sion field for Protestant effort. They Church anc] to lose sight of her vir- say that the country is already prac- tues. I recognize the true Chris- tically evangelized, that the first tianity and spotless character of' Spanish discoverers brought the many in the Church of Rome, and Christian religion with them, that it the heroism of her pioneers, espehas spread throughout the continent, cially the early Jesuits, whose selfand that Protestant boards of mis- sacrificing piety has never been sursions should turn their attention to passed in the annals of Protestantother quarters of the globe. There ism. Tn fact, the story of Jesuit ocare even one or two English Prot- cupation of South America, as well estant churches in South America as 1orth America, abounds in heroic which have been unwilling that their incidents. There is scarcely a nobler buildings should be used for any fig"ure in history than that of Padre native Protestant gathering, or for Jose de Anchieta, a follow'er of any missionary purpose, lest it Francis Xavier, and a man of like should offencl the susceptibilities of spirit, who established himself in the Roman Catholics, and lead to a Sao Paulo, and as one of its founders loss of trade on the part of the Prot- doubtless did much to make that the estant merchants. most progressive state in Brazil.

A few facts will show that South But when it is admitted that there America is one of the 1110st needy were such heroes in the early days and legitimate fields for Protestant of the Roman Catholic Church of missionary effort in the world. South America, and that there are still pure and earnest souls, both In the first place, the condition of among the laity and the priesthood, the Papal church of South America it is also admitted even by intelligent shows the need of some vivifying Catholics that in South America the religious influence. The Roman Church is decadent and corrupt. The Catholic Church of South America is im1110rality of the priests is taken as different from the same Church ill for granted. Priests' sons and 1orth America as Spain is different daughters, of course born out of from :0; ew England. In South Amer- wedlock. abound everywhere, and ica we still find the darkness 110 stigma attaches to them or to and corruption of the middle ages. their fathers and mothers. In ~orth America the corruption has been lessened by the influence of c number of South American hundreds of years of progressive prel<'tes petitioned Pope Leo XIII. Protestantism. a few years ago, on account of fre- quent scandals. to allow South vVe regret the tendency of some * Doctor Clark has recently returned from an extended tour in South America, and has contributed this article to the REVIEW. It will appear this Inonth in his book on South America, entitled" The Continent of Opportunity," published by Fleming H. Revell Co., New York.

American priests to marry, but the lation of a Roman Catholic tract pope would not hear of it, and the which was recently handed him on old scandals go on and increase. the street of the capital of Argentina. The tract is entitled: "Letter of Like priest like people. The 1111- Jesus Christ about the Drops of morality of the priests is doubtless Blood which He shed whilst He one reason for the looseness of the went to Calvary." This letter, says family tie in all parts of South Amer- the writer, was found in the Holy ica. vVhile divorces are not allowed Sepulcher, and is preserved in a for any cause, separations and illegal silver casket by His Holiness, and alliances are very easy and very continues: common. Every large city has public orphan asylums where babies You know that the armed soldiers numare thrust in and no questions asked. bered ISO, 25 of whom conducted me bound; In fact, every convenience is ar- the administrators of justice numbered 33. ranged to prevent the recognition of I received So blows with the fist on the the parents. A kind of three-quar- head, and lO8 on the breast. I was pulled ters barrel is fixt in the door with by the hair 23 times, and 30 persons spat the side toward the street cut half in my face. Those who struck me on the way down. In this the foundling is upper part of the body were 6,666 and roo placed, a bell is rung, and the at- Jews struck me on the head. I was put tendant of the foundling house upon the cross at the eighteenth hour, and comes, turns the barrel around, and at the same time I sighed 125 times. The takes out the baby, while it is pur- wounds on the head numbered 20; from the posely made impossible for him or CroWIl of thorns 72; points of thorns on the anyone else to see who left the child. forehead roo. After flogging they drest In the comparatively small city of me as a fool in a white garment. The Arequipa forty children every month wounds on the body were 100. . . . There are thus left at the public foundling .came out of my body 28,430 drops of blood. houses. Some such arrangement is provided in every large city of South The person who says seven Padre ,Vues- America, and can not but foster im- tros, seven Ave 11([arias and nine Gloria morality and illegitimacy. A con- Palras, for the space of fifteen years, to pay siderable percentage of these found- for the number of drops of blood I have lings are said to be children of the shed, I will aportion five Gracias. The first, priests. Surely to introduce a purer plenary indulgence from all sins; the second, code of morality and a higher stand- he will be liberated from all the pains of ard of living, Protestant Christian Purgatory; third, if he should die before standards are necessary in South finishing the fifteen years he will be par- America. doned; fourth, he shall be regarded as tho he had been killed and had shed all Gross superstition is still culti- his blood for the holy faith; I will come vated assiduously by the Roman down from heaven to look for their souls Catholic Church in many parts of and those of their relations to the fourth South America, and it is unrebuked grade. by any large reform element. Lewis T. A. Peters, a Protestant printer of It seems incredible that such sac- Buenos Ayres, has given me a trans- rilegious twaddle is circulated in the chief city of South America, and could be believed by the masses, however deluded. This, however, is consistent with much that one sees in the churches and other sacred

I907] SOUTH AMERICA AS A MISSION FIELD

places. I myself have seen indul- the Roman Catholic churches. I gence for sin and a promise of heav- have counted more than fifty men en offered to those who will kiss the and only two or three women in littoe of a bronze statue of St. Peter tle Protestant chapels of Peru and in a South American church, a small Bolivia, and even in Argentina and reduplication of the great statue in Brazil, where Protestantism has been St. Peters' at Rome, and am assured longer established, and is better that similar notices are very com- known, and consequently where the mon. women dare to attend the services, the majority of the congregation are If Protestantism never made one men. At scores of Christian Enconvert from Catholicism, it is deavor meetings in half a dozen reneeded in South America to show publics there is this disparity of what pure, unadulterated religion women so unusual at home. really is. Indeed, its chief work is not to proselytize from the Roman If any further reasons are de- Catholic Church, but to afford a ra- manded for the peaceful invasion of tional faith for those who have left South America by Protestantism it the Roman Church and are drifting is found in the fact that Roman into the worst of all spiritual deserts, Catholics do not hesitate to send the cold and barren regions of ab- their missionaries to every Protestsolute unbelief. It can not be said ant country. America, England, that the overwhelming maj ority of Holland, even j'orway and Sweden, the people of South America are so overwhelmingly Protestant, are Roman Catholics. Most of the peo- all regarded as missionary ground by ple, to be sure, have been baptized, Roman Catholics, and it is only right and are buried by a priest, but those that on a fair field and without favor are the only occasions when many fro111 gm'ernmental authorities both have any use for him. The churches religions should have a chance to are full of women and empty of men. prove which is better fitted to the I have been in churches where I needs of the twentieth century. have seen hundreds of women worshipers and where I, a heretic in One would think that the Roman their estimation, was the only man Catholics themselves would welwithin its walls. come the coming of a strong and virile faith which has done iO much The unbelief of the men or their to purify and ennoble their own utter indifference to spiritual things, Church in all countries where Protis the greatest peril of South Amer- estantism is strong, for they themica, and if Protestantism can do selves being the witnesses, there is anything to avert this peril and stem need enough of such purification. this tide of indifferentism, it is in duty bound to do so. That the Prot- Some years ago the Bishop of estant churches do reach the men is Cochabamba, Bolivia, was asked by evident to the most casual observer. a distinguished man to retain in his Their predominance is as striking ill office a priest who had been unthe meetings of the Protestants as frocked for a very serious misdethe preponderance of the vomen in meanor. But the bishop, while ac- ceding to the request, vented his

~IlSSlO~.RY REVIEW OF THE VORLIJ l ~ ovembel'

real opinion of the priests of his dis- constantly winning its way to the trict in the following letter: hearts of the people.

I have done all in my power to pull them All the republics, except Peru, out of the cesspool of ignorance and vice. have decreed full religious liberty; … They are always the same-brutal, and the President of the Peruvian drunken, seducers of innocence, without re- republic himself told me that while ligion and without conscience. Better would the constitution of Pern was ilbe the people without them. . . . The priests liberal, the temper of the people was of these villages have no idea of God, nor very liberal to Protestantism. This of the religion of which they are the pro- I founer to be true except in such fest ministers. They never study. Their bigoted, priest-ridden cities as Aredaily round of life is first to fill their stom- quipa. achs, then the disorders of the bed, from these to the temple looking for more prey Surely the Protestant Christians of for their horrible sacrilege, then back to the Cnited States have some responlaziness, drunkenness and the awful disor- sibility for sending what they deem a ders of the bed again. You can not imag- purer Gospel to our sister republics of ine the pain these things give me. I a111 the southern part of our hemisphere. sick and tired of it al L There are excep- lYe are already a South American tions, but so very few that they are not power, as Bishop Keely in his adenough to mitigate the pain. mirable little book reminds us. Since we control the Panama Canal Signed, ALFONSO, Bishop. and the Canal Zone, five miles wide, in the Republic of Panama, which is Things have doubtless improved a South American power, we can no somewhat in Bolivia since this letter longer hold ourselves aloof from was written, but it still describes the South American affairs, 9r refuse condition in many parishes in the our share of responsibility for her remoter regions of South America, welfare. and many like testimonies could be added. In most of the South American countries the United States is hon- Enlightened Roman Catholics ill ored; in all of them she is respected; other parts of the world recognize in some she is beloved as a friend, the degeneracy of the Romish Church and, if necessary, as an ally. in South America, and doubtless deplore it profoundly. Coveting no foot of South Amer- ican territory, but desiring the best The Brighter Side good of both Americas, one duty of As, in other aspects of affairs :xorth American Protestants is to send South American, there is a hopeful side, so it is in matters religious anel to the South land the best education, ecclesiastical. There are already the best morality, the best religion signs in some places that the great which she herself possesses, for, by historic Church of South Lmerica is thus giving freely, she herself will feeling the vivifying influences of be enriched, and the ideals of both freer thought, and the larger outlook halves of the great American conof the twentieth century. The Bible tinent will be ennobled. has been widely circulated in all the languages of South America, and is

FORCES AT WORK IN THE EVANGELIZATION

OF BRAZIL BY RE'. GEO. C. LENINGTON, VIRGIKIA, ILL.

From time to time the eyes of the· increase of Evangelical Christians world are focused on the Republic of throughout the country is abo~lt three Brazil. The daily press followed Sec- thousand. The British and American retary Root fro111 city to city and Ro- Bible Societies are scattering over one man Catholic publicists have made hundred thousand copies of the Scrip- much of the elevation to the Cardinal- tures each year.

ate of Sr. Arcoverde de Albuquerque, The primary cause of this great de- Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro, the first velopment is, of course, the direct in- South American ever to receive this fluence of the Holy Spirit. exerted in honor. Christians ought to know large measure through the ordinary more of the spiritual tides in this great channels of church work and preach- republic. ing. But in addition to these, the care- The evangelical workers, who are ful observer can see the "majestic step- constantly exploring new regions, find pings" in many of the national move- that God's Word has run before them ments which can not be called directlv and large numbers are eager enquir- religious. Four of them are especially ers. Rev. H. C. Tucker, agent of the worthy of examination.

American Bible Society, speaks of a Intellectual Enlightenment trip which he took in the State of Rio de Janeiro last year. "At one town I ::one "ho are familiar with the found a 'congregation of more than memory system of education which fifty meeting regularly for worship in prevails wherever the Church of Rome a hall they had prepared and maintain has been in control of the sehools will for themselves. They have never had wonder at the fact that the most Roa pastor, and, I believe, only one or man nations are the 1110st illiterate of two ministerial visits." Audiences of modern civilized peoples. Spain, Italy hundreds greet visiting ministers in and the Latin American republics are towns where there is no regular evan- leaders in the list of untutored nations gelical work. because for centuries they have placed During the year two noteworthy their schools ill the hands of nuns and monks. The LTnited States Governgatherings have been held; one the ment learned this truth npon attemptfirst National Y. M. C. A. Convention. ing to reorganize the public school and the other the triennial meeting of the Presbyterian Synod of Brazil. At system of Porto Rico and the Transthe latter even the leaders were as- Pacific Islands. The idea of reorgantounded to find that there are in all ization Vas speedily abandoned for the branches of the Brazilian Presbyte- something entireh- different. The rian Church fully fourteen thousand lfoslem method of memorizing the members-nearly equal to the corre- Koran differed from the teaching of sponding Church of Christ in Japan. the friars only in the matter memo- The other cburches report the same rized. Vhat young man would care marvelous progress. and the year!y for study of this sort? The ambitions

youth of Brazil went to Northern Eu- inhabitants. Brazil bases her claim rope and the United States-the others to being first on her superiority of could get along in life without the as- size and her national development. sistance of the friars at the schools. This republic contains almost half of all the people in South America, and The Emperor Dom Pedro II. in- considerably over half of all its fertile stituted the new order of educational area. There consequently is growing affairs by establishing institutions of in the minds of Brazilians a feeling modern instruction, so that to-day in that they are placed in somewhat the its more favored portions Brazil has a position of larger brother to the other very complete and extensive public South American countries-a provischool system. This is due largely to dential leadership in that continent the work of the mission schools, and similar to that of the United States in these new institutions are producing the Western hemisphere. Doubtless a Brazilian race of thinkers. The for this reason Brazil seems to underwords of Martin, Bolivar and other stand most intelligently and to be most heroes in the South American wars for in sympathy with the Monroe Docfreedom, denouncing clericalism as the trine. The Third Pan-American Conmother of South America's wo, have gress held its meetings in the exquisite a new meaning to the young men. The "Monroe Palace." Sr. Joaquim Nahistory of Europe has in it much that buco, the illustrious Brazilian ministhe student can not fail to ponder over. ter at Washington, exprest the senti- Obscurantism and Ultramontanism ment of the leaders in his nation by are words often on the lips of the col- his words at Vitherspoon Hall in lege man and they have the sinister Philadelphia at a meeting in Februthreat which has ever made the Church ary of 1906. of Rome desire to place the trai,ning of her young in the hands of the So- It is necessary to the formation of an ciety of Jesus, or others of her many American consciousness that the Latin re- Orders. publics, instead of looking upon the course taken by the United States, both in .the past National Civic Awakening and the future, to uphold the Monroe Doc- trine, as in any way offensiyc to their pride Three of the great South American anel dignity, ,eize the privileg-e of supportrepublics claim to be the premier in ing it with grateful confidcnce. the galaxy of nations below the delta of the Mississippi. The men of Chili The growth of this sense of a naundoubtedly have the energy and as- tional mission to the rest of South sertiveness to deserve the title "South .merica is doing much to lead Bra- American Yankees." The Argentine, zilians to think independently of the with open prairies and climate suited powers that rule the Vatican. Their to wheat cultivation, has the largest national position on the continent is railway system on the Southern conti- well shown by many of the events durnent. Her only safe port of entry and ing recent months-success in havingexit has outstript every other city in Latin America in size. altlJo even :;;r. Arcoverde created the first South in this respect Rio de Janeiro, the capital of Brazil, is but little behind Bue- American cardinal: immediate aid for nos A vres with its nearl' one million the Chilean earthquake sufferers to the extent of a million dollars; vast im-

1907J JXDIRECT FORCES 1: THE EV"":GELIZiTIOX OF BRAZIL 81

.Iprovements of the national capital. and of morn." Ever since the city on the seven hills sent the golden eagle 'The city of Rio de .Taneiro, with its over the world as the symbol of her authority, the Latin race has been at- 860,000 souls, presents the appearance tracted by the insignia of power. Con- of a city turned over to a modern Bar- seqneiltly evangelical Christianity has 'on Haussman by another Napoleon. made but slow progress, having no Regardless of existing buildings or great central government or apparent thoroughfares, one of the widest and exterior unity. Perhaps few, if any, 1110St magnificent boulevards in the movements ill the Church promise world is being thrown across the cen- more for the growth of spiritual ter of the city. Modern docks of am- Christianity in Latin "merica than the ple capacity and convenience are ma- vision which has appeared to some of king the most beautiful bay of the the leaders of an evangelical Cathol- worlel also one of the most finely ICIsm. It will no longer present itself equipped. Sixty million dollars is the as a protest against Roman corrup- sum which Brazil sees fit to spend up- tion and false teaching; but a great, on these improvements of the metrop- powerful entity with which earnest olis which represents the nation be- souls can ally themselves. fore the world. Similar work is seen in many other parts of the land. Prompted by mnch this same spirit, the Brazilian Evangelical Church is A nation thus awakening to her high being rapidly developed. The missionrank among commonwealths is alive ary and native preacher invite the peomore and more to the secrets of civic ple to connect themselves 110t with a greatness in the leading races. And distant church in the United States, none are so blind to-day that they can but to join a Brazilian church govnot see that spiritual faith and wor- erned by themselves. The Presbyteship of the true God underlie the m(.'st rian Synod plan to carry out this idea magnificent national superstructures by organizing a General Assembly of of the age. the Presbyterian Church in Brazil. 7his body will be composed of two EViUlgelical Catholicism synods, representing seven presbyte- nes. There is no doubt that this will The attitude of the average Rom<::l have telling effect upon the enthusiasm Catholic toward Protestant Christian- of the workers, and the interest of ity is well exprest in the taunt of a those who listen to the Gospel in Brapriest in a small interior town of the zil. One of the results is already ap- United States. "Oh, you are not any- parent in a determined effort on the thing. You simply protest against the part of this Church "to preach the Church. Ve have a reality-we are Gospel in every township in Brazilsomething. You are only objectors." in the next three years." The vast bulk of the Roman Catholic Church, extending beyond all seas and The Movement Away from Rome in every clime, asserting claims that embrace the universe itself, with an or- The Latin world is to-day marked ganization that works by any method, by a very real movement toward sepprovided it be mysterious, this Church aration from Rome. It is in no small has nearly persuaded the world that she alone "holds the keys of darkness

lI:,SlO::RY REVIEW OF THE WORLD l :ovembel'

part dlle to this ehhing tide that arch- the l'eports ()f these gatherings in all hishops in the l'nited States busy the of the dailies of Sao Paulo and Rio de largest dailies Iyith accounts of the Janeiro, For the first time in history cruel persecution in France, and–ap- the merchants of the national capital peals for money to help the "Holy gave free. use of their show windows Father." Part of the same play is the for the notices of the Y. :J. C. c'l.. 'Louching declaration made by the Pope meetings, each of these with a picture -"with tears 111 his eyes "-that of ~Ir. John R. Mott. Does it not ".llerica is his only hope." Cardinal look as tho the Yatican had bestowed Gibbons' claim that only a paltry mil- its first recl hat upon South America a lion socialists are in favor of the Ro- little too late? For, the merchants anc! man Church III France becoming editors and promoters-these last fur- French, deceives no one, Spanish nished free railway anc! street cars for authorities are saying things to the the Jfethodist Conference and the Y. .atican which are very strange to the :1. C. A.-would not dare to begin Castilian language. Years ago Italy showing favors to the long overlooked appointed Garibaldi her spokesman. Evangelicals, were it not that they Ilolivia has recently enacted legisla- knew the change in the attitude of the tion which completed the separation nation toward those who claim that the of the State from the Roman Church. Church of Rome is an insincere Church This makes the last of the Latin- -has a "double doctrine." American republics to break with the ecclesiasticism which enthralled them These movements anc! forces are for so many generations. making the propagation of the Gospel in 'Brazil a work of :ioy. Returning In Brazil the movement shows itself fro111 a journey far to the interior, in many recent actions. In accord- where no Christian laborer6 had ever ance with previous custom the digni- preached, one of the missionaries tells taries of a church in the State of :Ii- of the effect being produced in Brazil nas sent to the proper authorities a re- by these forces when he writes: "I quest for a battalion of soldiers, that was astonished to meet true Christheir presence and uniforms might acid tians in many places. Young men relrit to one of the church festivals. who, because of study of the Bible and The amazement of the priests at the careful thought, had left the religion reply was so great that they put into of their fathers, and were leading what print far and near the text of the they understood was an upright life." colonel's answer that the State could Such is the growth of the Savior's not officially favor one form of relig- Kingdom in the Republic of the Southion more than another. Almost un i- ern Cross, that Mr. John R. ::Iott said versal1~' the Brazilian press praised farewell in his last public service with this stand. Again-on the occasion of these words: "Brazil, because of her the meeting of the Synod of Brazil, progress, her riches and her natural and of the Third National Y. M. C. A. beauty-and the cause of Christ, be- Convention in Rio de Janeiro-even cause of its truly wonderful advance, evangelical workers were astonished far and away surpassed my expectaat the large amount of space given to tion."

A VlLLAGE OF BrS U NEGROES IN Sl'RINAM

A JOURNEY AMONG THE BUSHMEN OF SURINAM BY R. VOULLAIRE, PARAMARIBO, DUTCH GUIANA, S. A.

It may be true that "culture makes g reat difficulties of communkation im- free," but it does not seem always true peded every step in the settlement of that freedom makes culture-at least the new territory. Efforts to penlla- the adage would sound strange in the nently settle among the maroons were "Bushland, " the Hinterland of th e thwarted by fever, and in tracing the Dutch colony, Surinam, South Amer- steps of the early missionaries we ica. F or two hundred years a free come continually upon graves in which people have inhabited that woodland, men and women of much love and be- and are to-day no less proud of their lieving courage were buried. For over freedom than the most independent twenty years evangelists have been Americans. But it is not culture that carrying forward the work, and thus has made for freedom, as the traveler some light has been carried even into sees at a g lance. The strength of the the stronghold of darkest heathenism.

fist, nerved by an uncompromising vVith the Gospel some culture was hatred of their tormentors, has in for- naturally carried into those forests and mer days procured and preserved the gave Christianity a firm er hold in the freedom for the negroes who gained heart and life of the maroons. Vhere their liberty. No power could bring possible, schools were established, and them back to bondage or stop their the masters became the pioneers of inroads into the colony. Finally peace evangelization. They were not great was made, their liberty was guaran- teachers or preachers, and their lim- teed, and it was left to them to make ited knowledge left much to be de- the best of the Hinterland which was . sired ; but the simplest elements of then almost inaccessible to the Euro- knowledge gradually found their way pean colonists. into those remote territories.

The unhealthful climate and the As inspector of mission schools, I

made an expedition not long ago in wild river. One wonders at the inde- company with my wife, going among fatigable strength of the arms and the the Bush negroes of upper Surinam. good humor of these brave boatmen. In a small steamer we left the city of By yells, songs or stories they amuse Paramaribo, and in thirteen hours, af- themselves as we slowly but sureh' ter a wearisome journey, reached Ber- continue our way, until after a fe~ jendal, on the upper Surinam Alps, the hours we reach the police station, Boextreme limit of civilization. Late at senland. Thus far the arm of the law night we went into the mission house, reaches, and we do not forget to pay and in the morning we were surprized a visit to its guardians who are, moreat the beautiful scenery which the sun- over, members of onr mission. light revealed. The house is sheltered by the so-called "Blue mountain," The people here lead a lonelv and from whose height one has a beautiful tedious life. Their main duty' is to view of a lone, quiet range of wooded supervise the gold industry. Somehills which the river cuts in different times they have other duties, but there windings. The eye enjoys the range are days in which they have nothing of hills and dreams of the beautiful whatever to do. All this could be scenes, but the hot sun reminds the remedied were it not for the sworn dreamer that he is not traveling for enemy of the Bushland, malaria fever, pleasure. which has no regard for anyone. 'vVe promised to hold a service for them The traveler in the Bushland must 011 our way back, and after a short be patient. The "Fjorkas" (negroes rest, continued on our way. belonging to the A.nkan tribe) had already presented themselves as our Hours passed and our position in boatmen on the previous evening. the boat became more intolerable. The They are well-meaning fellows, ready sight of glorious nature with its to bring us with all possible care to vegetation, flowers, plants and fruit the end of our journey. Out of love were refreshing, but our bodies felt for the cause they will be satisfied to the need of exercise and we welcomed receive for their hard work some rice, with sincere joy the indescribable salted meat and bacon. But we must tunes played on tin-pipes by our boatput up with their ways. The maroon men, as a signal that we were nearing belongs to the happy men who live the end of our journey. On the shores, without regard to time. Haste is no likewise, the pipe had caused a joyful part of his character. One must pa- commotion. Following the bend of tiently wait till one after another takes the river, a great surprize awaited us. his place in the long, narrow canoe, The school children of Koppekdmp. nntil at last we, too, take our seats be- our first station, stood there to welneath a roof of palm leaves. On come us and sang a Dutch song. Most small, thin mattresses ,ve make our- of them stood in the water which reselves as comfortable as possible, flected their colored frocks and brown knowing that this position must last or black little legs. V{ith serious many hours. One makes the best of faces and folded arms they sang as for it and leaves the dark friend the dear life, and one could feel that a harder work of struggling with the difficult piece of work was being pro- duced, especially in thp- Dutch lan-

A JOUR,EY AMO'G THE BUS1L!E' OF SURI,AM

guage, which was so embarrassing to cougregation of Christian Ankans them. Ve had hardly .landed and before 11S. welcomed them when they passed ns by laughing and shouting to announce For a long time the mission made onr arrival in the village. use of the fact that this part of the tribe in its isolated position was less In the meantimc Brother Pang Ob- dependent on the traditions of the joik, half a Chinese but a good Chris- main group. Some decades ago tian, the teacher and evangelist, wel- :YIother Hartman, a missionary macomed us ancl offered to be our tron, lived and worked among them. guide. ·With him we went up the She taught in the schools and visited principal village and made our heao- from house to house, and her name INTERIOR OF THE HOME OF BUSHMEN IN SURINAM: quarters in the roomy antechamber is still remembered among the naof the wooden church. Soon a tives. Her work and that of her Ilumerous congTegation assembled successor has 110t been without to greet us. fruits .

The sight of this congregation The next morning after our meetgreatly touched us. The tribe which ing in the chnrch some thirty-five is most inaccessible, yea, most hos- or forty boys and girls, seven to tile to Christianity, is the Ankans. fourteen years of age, gathered for I often had opportunity to become servIce. Their round faces looked acquainted with the teachers of this up on us while they watched us with nation or the Cottoa and Marowyue. their dark eyes. Ve find, at best, very few who open their hearts to the Gospel. The After my wife had made many tribe as such has thus far been un- improvements in their dresses, there 1110ved, absolutely refusing to accept were still left so many toilet prob- Christ. It was, therefore, the more lems that it seemed better to proceed pleasant to see for the first time a with the service. The main rule had been complied with at least-that

"IISST():,RY REVIEW OF THE v"ORLD r:nvember

each child had "Ollle ki1ld (If c{)Yer- but tuward fiYl~ o'clock the tempering. The children were tlltlS in de- ature was such that we were ahle to ccncy, tho suffering under the pres- assemble the congregation amI rcsure of inconvenient restraint. We port the results of the school exfirst listened to 'crses and scripture amination and exhort the parents to passages, and asked them to write cooperate, 1bout 7 o'clock we had the ten commanclments and creerl , a communion service and after thi5 lYe examined them in Bible history we went to examine some work in a and were pleased with what we clistance. heard. They then opened their readers, anrl here the efforts were On the following morning we weak; but once in a while some lit- bade farewell and, aCC0111 panied hy tle heroes were found who had mas- the song of the children, continued tered the art. To learn to read in our journey. The river was very the Bushland is indeed an art, for it rapid so that the boatmen had to not only is there the labyrinth of let- make special efforts to avoid danters and sounds which confuses the gerous rocks. After many hours we head, but there is the abundance of heard again the tin-pipe and a disnew ideas of which a maroon child tant response to signify that we has had absolutely no conception. were nearing the end of our journey, The houses, dress, utensils are ex- the Gansee congregation. A large tremely meager, and stand in no re- crowd awaited us at the landing, lation to the ideas presupposed in where eighty school children were the reading-books which know noth- gathere'd in exemplary order to weling of the life in these forests. The come us with a song. people have a better understanding of the narratives of the scriptures The history of Gansee is an uninwhich have been printerl in their terrupted chain of sufferings and own language. privations, but also of rich, divine blessinl-/s. Originally, the mission The efforts to learn the Dutch was undertaken among the negroes language must also be acknowledged. in 1763, six days' journey farther Tn all other departments progress, south from Gansee. But ~hen one tho very slow, is sure, except in missionary pair after the other sucarithmetic where no perceptible re- cumbed to the deadly climate and sults are evident. I never could get privations. the mission went to Gorrid of the idea that the maroons have jaba, which was so much nearer the their own peculiar way of figuring, city. A permanent missionary work and regard our mode as superfluous. could not be undertaken here, and At all events the grown people, tho after heavy sacrifices the Christian they never went to school, know part of the tribe went farther 110rth how to look out for their own inter- and founded Gansee about sixty ests when selling wood. years ago. In the course of time a permanent mission-house was built After having kept the children for and occupied, but finally they had to four h011rs they were dismissed, but give up the struggle with the fever our day's work was not clone, The ex- and be satisfied to visit occasionally treme noonday heat was oppressive; the congregation on the upper

JOL:R::EY ::iIO::G THE BUSHllE:: UF SCRI::.",I

rour,.;e of Surinam from Bergandal we were greeted ill Dutch. The and to make use of native help. older boys and girls ,.;11OW('<1 by their answers that their going to school The life and death of those mis- was not in vaill. 'hat surprized us sionaries have not been in vain, as 1110St was the abundance of hymns may be seen from the spirit in the and Bible verses with which they (;ansee congreg'ation. The mission- were familiar; the singing. too, was aries. who have daily to deal with an excellent. There were some who eHT variable and little trustworthy could read Dutch, !lnd the percentage population, are pleasantly affected of those able to read their Bibles in by the simple and earnest respect for the Xegro-English was very satisthe word of God. the love of the factory. tho arithmetic and penman- Church. the faithful adherence to ship leave much to he desi,ed. Four Cllstom and order. the relative in- hours having passed in examination, (lependence by which the congrega- we dismissed the children, tho some tion, often orphaned, has learned to of the little ones had sneaked away take care of its own affairs thr'ough before, and for which ve did not its elected representatives under the blame them. clirectio)1 of a president. and to arrange and harmonize differences. The rain prevented us from The attachment of these people to making a tour of inspection through the mission ane! their trust in the the large village, but from the porch missionaries are affecting. of the house we can see the different huts surronnded by fruit-trees and After a brief salutation in the shrubs, church we v,'ere surrounded by old and young, who curiously examined On Sunday a large congregation us and introduced themselves to us. worshiped in the roomy church, and The pillar of Gansee. the trustecl ad- it was pleasant to address such atviser of the congregation and the tentive hearers. ] 11 the eveniilg we missionaries is Samuel, leader of the held a communion service; on :lonmeeting and chief of the village-a day two couples were married. and good. pious, old man. modest and an extra session was held for the yet conscious of his position and benefit of children. ct last the hour responsibility. In his youth he of parting came. and accompanied helped to build Gansee. and tl1l1s he by the notes of a beautiful song, we represents the early period of the sailed down the river. The boatmen congregation. of whose history he had little trouble on the return trip can tell highly original and fasci- as the mig-hty ,.;tream hore ns along nating events. By his side was a col- rapidly, Y'e ([uickly passed Kofored schoolmaster born in the city. fickamp. stopt an hour in Bosenland to celebrate divine service. ancl in The sight of these eighty children good season safely landed in Benconducting themselves in an orderly jemlaL manner and assemblecl for assiduous work rejoices the heart and fills one Such journeys are vearying to the with good expectations for the fu- body. but they are refreshing to the ture, Yhen we commencecl an ex- spirit. ~lay God bless the congregaamination on the folIowing morning. tions on the t'pper Surinam.

RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN

BY REV. GEO. ALLEN, COCH"BAMBA, BOLIVIA Missionary of the Australian South Americau Mission Bolivia to-day has a population not to exceed three months, and a of approximately 2,000,000 people, fine of not more than one hundred among whom three societies are at Bolivian dollars. work with some sixteen missionaries. So far as the laws are con- These measures, with others whose cerned, Bolivia is open to the Gospel, tendency is in the same direction, for on September 30, 1905, Congress clearly indicate the mind of the govpassed the resolution which provided ernment and its supporters, and for the reform of Article II of the their resolution to have liberty of Constitution, so as to make it read: conscience for all alike. But, who "The state recognizes and supports are the government and its supthe Roman Catholic Church, per- porters? Such a question could mitting liberty of worship." scarcely arise in a country in which the ruling body is elected by a ma- This resolution was approved by jority of voters; at least, not as in the succeeding Congress, an election these South American republics, of half the number of Congressmen where the government comes to having taken place, as provided by power through a revolution, perhaps the Constitution itself, between the as the result of one battle, in which first passing of the reform, and its the side that has the majority may final confirmation. easily be routed.

In addition to this, those articles Statistics show that 75 per cent. of the Penal Code which provided of the population of this republic is (r) capital punishment for plotting made up of pure Indians, the reagainst the State Church, (2) two to maining 25 per cent. being whites. ":Jur years imprisonment (double if The "white" minority includes the the offender were a priest) for open- foreigners, who are not many; the ly insulting any object used in public "cholo" or half-caste class, which is worship, (3) two to four years im- numerous; and the gente decente or prisonment for throwing down, upper class, from which the bulk of breaking, or destroying any object the voters, and the whole of the Conused in public worship, and (4) a gressmen come. This latter -'class, fine of from one hundred to five hun- together with those cholos who can dred Bolivian dollars, and imprison- read and sign their names, and so ment for a term of from one month have a right to vote, form the govto one year for tumultuously gather- erning body. Considered as a whole ing to hinder public worship, have -i. e., lumping Liberals and Conbeen cut out, and in their place two servatives together into one-it is articles have been inserted, one very small; b~t when divided into dealing with offenses against the government and opposition, the State Church, the other with the same party holding the reins of governoffenses against other churches; each ment becomes insignificant indeed. providing for the punishment of said offenses by imprisonment for a term General Pando won the revolution of 1899 by inducing the warlike Ay-. mara Indians to help him, and the The cities are given over to prac- Liberals have been in authority tical idolatry. Th~ manufacture and since that year, tho their voting sale of pictures and images is run as power is probably less than that of an American house would run a new the Conservatives. As shown above, electrical apparatus-for all it is the Liberals are determined to main- worth financially. The result is the tain liberty of conscience for all same as it has always been when alike. The Conservatives would that is done; the mass of the people compel every conscience in Bolivia, have become like their idols: "eyes if they had the power to do so. have they, but they see not; they have ears, but they hear not." A revolution at present would, I believe, have little hope of success, The most flagrant cases of lying, and as the rising generation is large- hypocrisy, fraud, and immorality do ly Liberal, the Clerical party is fair- not produce more than a passing relyon the down grade, with no hope mark, a shrug of the shoulders, or a of ever being able to arrest the decay. laugh. There is no attempt to cleanse the Church, or to correct evil. The Re1igion and Morals effort, if any is made, is to cover it up; and to that end the confessional Roman Catholicism has reigned is admirably adapted. According to supreme in Bolivia for nearly four the police returns, seventy human centuries. If ever any religion has lives were taken by violence in one had an opportunity to prove its year, in this city, which has 22,000 power in a fair field, Romanism has inhabitants. According to an article had that opportunity here. The re- published by a local physician, 25 sult is an utter failure to develop per cent. of the inhabitants suffer moral Christians. The host of the from sexual disease. (so-called) sacrament, and ugly images, take the place of the Lord According to the report of the Jesus Christ, and are called "The local representative of the Govern- Lord." The priest examines the ment Agricultural Department on conscience; penance takes the place the manufacture of "chicha" (an inof repentance; so-called sacraments, toxicating drink), "60 per cent. of which are said to "communicate the corn produced in this province, grace," take the place of regenera- which is the granary of Bolivia, is tion and the indwelling of the Holy used in the manufacture of this Spirit; the intercession of Mary and drink; and the quantity produced is the "saints" takes the place of that sufficient to keep one-third of the inof Christ; the "ego te absolvo" of habitC!.nts drunk continuously, day the priest takes the place of "the for- and night, all the year round." givenness of sins" as we understand it, "according to the riches of His As to the hygienic conditions, grace." So that there appears to be these may be imagined by a mono room for the Holy Spirit. nor any ment's reflection on the municipal place for the Living Savior in Roman statistics for 1906, in which the Catholicism as it is taught and prac- number of deaths exceeds the numtised in Bolivia. ber of births by nineteen. The fig- ures are: births, 1.497; deaths, 1,516.

~llSSlO~ARY REVlEW OF THE WORLD I X

1tough t to be added that this is per- carried on in Santa Cruz, and in this haps the dirtiest city in Bolivia. province. in a quiet way. The kid- napped are taken down to the Beni ,,'ill anyone who may read these to work at the rubber trade. I have few statistics, to which many more, been told that the value of a man ill equally appalling, might be added, the Beni is about $2,500 (Bolivian be satisfied to consider them as fruits 1I10ney). and the 'alue of a woman of Christianity? Yet people will about $3.000. have it that Romanism is a form of Christianity, and that other lands The Roman bishop of this provshould be evangelized before South ince, in a pastoral letter to his America is touched. Even if it is clergy, in which he advocated unidenied that these are the results of fonnity of race and religion as the Roman Catholic influence, it is at ideal of national happiness, said: least true that the papacy has 110t "Unfortunately, we have in our land corrected theSe evils. various races that can not be fused into one, and that will most assured- The Race Question ly not be so fused in many centuries to come." This is rather a bad con- This is a difficult problem in fession of the utter lack of power in Bolivia. The Indians make up 75 that religion which he would estabper cent. of the population. The lish, to the exclusion of all others; cholo (mixed blood) class is numer- but it also reveals the latent enmity ous and vicious, ignorant and fanat- against the Indian, even in the ical. The gellie decente have a full clergy, who, instead of considering meed of Spanish pride; they treat him as a son, making him feel that the cholo as an underling, and the he is a member of the Bolivian Indian as a dog. family, and educating him for that position, look upon him rather as an Several customs illustrate the alien and a burden. value placed on the Indian. For instance, the hire of a mule wherewith After setting forth the enniity to travel, is twenty cents a league. shown by the Indian toward the The hire of the Indian who accom- white man, the bishop concludes panies the traveler in order to bring with the phrase: "The Indian is our back the animal, is ten cents a 'proceso.''' literally a criminal law league, or half the price of the mule. suit, evidently meaning an intermin- able trouble. The phrase might 'When an estate is sold, the value read: "The Indian is our endless of the land is fixt at so much, and burdell." the total value of the estate, over and above that amount, varies as the The Quechuas and Aymaras are "colollos" (Indians, who are in much semi-civilized, and form the most the same position as the old Irish 11 umerous section of the Indian poptenants) are few or many. Thus the ulation. The fonner are a very in- Indians are practically sold with the dustrious, quiet, humble people, and estate. there is real affection between the mel1l bers of the family. The latter Kidnapping. another evidence of are 1110re turbulent. sterner and diffithe esteem in which the white man holds the Cholo and the Indian. is

PIU:SEXT RELIGIOUS COXDlTlOiS IX

cult to manage. They are also in- soon after by the British'and Fordustrious and powerful physically. eign Society's men. Since that time missionaries. have come, stayed a Apart from these. there are many while, and then retired; until about tribes still in their primitive savage nine years ago, when the Canadian state.* The latest government maps Baptists came, and soon afterward ~'ive the 'names of various tribes. the Methodist represen ta ti ve, both some of which come into contact having apparently come to stay, the with the civilized barbarism of the Deni. tho most of them are living as far from the white man as they can.

To overcome the unwillingness of the whites to permit the enlightenment of the Indian, and the strong opposition of the prie'st to his even hearing the Gospel. and to persuade the Indian himself that there is hope for him still. tho not in the priest or his image worship, is a difficult task; but it can and must be clone. vVho will join with tiS and reverently say, in the name of the Lord of Hosts, it shall bc donc?

Gospel Work TWO QeEClIUA I~DJA.NS There are those who object to the Australasian South American ~lis­ term "The Neglected Continent" as sian joining them in H)03. applied to South America. The Bible Societies have been at work Setting aside our short stay here, on the continellt for well on toward and giving the Baptists and Methhalf a century, and have done noble odists their clue for the work they work. The Methodist Episcopals have done. it has still to be coniest and Presbyterians have been on the that the beginning made is very East coast, and on parts of the yVest small indeed. And whatever may be coast for many years. But Bolivia said of the republics that have a long is the republic for which they have coast line. it remains quite true of been able to do least. Ilolivia that she is "neglected" by the Church of Cod. Over twenty years ago the agents of the American Bible Society came tlp through this land. to be followed * Toward the north.: The Yuracarcs. Mosetenes, Chimancs, Huacanahuas, Tiatinahuas, Huachiparis, Sirineiris, Inaparis, J..Iascos, Sirionos, Huarayos, Penoquit'~s, Potoreras, Paullacas, Sarabecas, Cayuvabas, Henes, Sansimonianos (called so probably from the river San Simon, ou which they live), the lfovimos, and Chacobo!'>. Toward the south: The Chirigua1los, Yanahuas, Zalllllcos, Chamacocos, Lenguas, llabyas, Tohas, lIatacos, Noctenes, Chorotes, Hnisnais, Tapietes, I-Iuaicllr(ls, e tc,

1IISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [?' o v e m b e r

At the present time four centers four or five new workers, and taking are occupied by missionaries: La fresh heart after several years of Paz, Oruro, Cochabamba and Uyuni. trying experiences. Other North The work they carryon is entirely American churches might, with adamong the whites. A few conver- vantage to themselves, follow their sions, none too satisfactory in char- example. This is their "Judea and acter, several outbursts of persecu- Samaria," which they have no right tion, and much disappointment to to neglect, while carrying the Gospel the workers, have been the results to "the uttermost parts of the earth." of their efforts, so far. Perhaps their The taking over of the "Collegio presence may have influenced the Bolivar" in Oruro by the Methodists, government somewhat in the matter and the establishing of all American of the reform granting liberty of Institute by them in La Paz, are worship; their prayers certainly movements as yet in their beginhave; while the network of railways, nings, and it is quite impossible to which an American company is predict what their future will be. building, has undoubtedly helped. vVe ask for the prayers of God's The college work of the Canadian people for a land that verily "sitteth Baptists in Oruro has borne more in darkness and in the shadow of fruit, and shown more promise, death ," and especially for the Induring the past two years than for- dians; and commend to the Northmerly. The beginning of I907 finds ern churches the work of their evanthem, and the Methodists, .entering gelization-a great work, lying at on a forward movement, cach with their door, and awaiting attention.

SOUTH AMERICANS WHn :-;EED THI!J G()l'>PEI~

NOTABLE CONVERSION OF A PRIEST

CARACAS. VENEZUELA m: T I U :O. S. POND, CRACAS, VENEZUEL.

On the 23d of March, 1907, the ex- abjured the errors introduced by men priest, Sr. Pedro G. Mitjans, of Spain, into the pure faith, and thus, with his made formal and public profession of hand upon the Bible, he made the sol- his faith in Christ in the chapel of the emn confession of his own faith, be- Presbyterian Mission in Caracas, Ven- fore the church. So notable a conver- ezuela, and was received into the mem- sion was not to be allowed to pass bership of that church. Sr. Mitjans without the customary manifestations was· born in the province of Catalufia, on the part of the clergy. His broth.

and was educated in primary am'

higher schools. He was graduated in philosophy, mathematics, rhetoric and theology, and after obtaining his de- grees, he was invited to a professor- ship in Bolivia, South America. Hav- ing received the order of the cliacon- ate, he was ordained to the priesthood in I904, and was invited by the differ- ent bishops to preach in Chili, Peru, and the Argentine. In Buenos Ayres his Lenten Discourses were delivered in the aristocratic church "Carmelo,"

and received the warmest encomiums from the principal dailies of that cap- ital, where he was regarded as "the first orator of the Atlantic coast." ..• Sr. Mitjans, by a train of events, small in themselves, but evidently of providential ordering, was led at once on his arrival in Caracas to enter the chapel of the Presbyterian Mission in Caracas. He had not declared his in- tention to anyone, but while sitting SENIOR MITJANS IN PRlEST'S COSTUME there, reflecting on the inconsistencies of the Church of Rome.· and almost ers became his enemies, but had abso- wavering as to his decision, a hymn lutely 110 accusation to bring against was read from the pulpit. and lec! his life in the Roman Church. On him to resolve to leave Rome and to leaving forever the universal corrup- cleave to the simple Gospel of Christ. tion of the clergy-especially that of He said significantly: "I wish to sep- Sta. Marta, where he had held a po- arate from the Church of Rome as far sition of much importance, he left be- as it has departed from the Church of hind him a name -absolutely free from the Apostles." Then, one by one, he stain. Xot only so, but he bore ofti-

cial autograph letters containing en- ter of the United States was absent. comiums of his superiors and of the There was no authority to which Sr. pupils and their parents, as well as of Mitjans could appeal in support of his the officers of the State, in whose vigorotts protest that he was not a "Lyceum" for higher education he priest and did not enter the country had spent many months. as such. The missionaries at Caracas, after consultation with Sr. Mitjans, But altho Sr. Mitjans arrived in concluded to send him to their breth- Caracas not as an ex-priest, but with ren in Porto Rico. There he was ina passport from Colombia, of "In- troduced to our missionaries and from structor" (Professor), and in citizen's them received a hearty invitation to dress, yet the letters from the bishop take part in the educational work, but of Sta. Marta had followed him, and on visiting the mission of his fellow an effort was made by the Capuchins countryman, Rev. Manuel Ferrando, of Caracas to have an interview with near the city of Ponce, he preferred him, as the bishop is of the same order to identify himself with that work. as these three Capuchins here acting Similar experiences in the same disas priests. This interview was de- tricts of Colombia, and in connection clined, and then began the execution with the same mission, had led both of a plot to expel Sr. Mitjans from Sr. Mitjans and Mr. Ferrando to come Venezuela. . . . No accusation could out of Rome into the light. He has be breathed against him, for the high- thus found work and conditions which est encomiums, signed and sealed by he says brings him "nearer heaven the clergy and the officers of State than he has ever known before." in documents (both autograph and printed), were in his possession, so Soon after his arrival in Caracas, that "not a dog could move his tongue Sr. Mitjans received an autograph letagainst him." ter from the bishop of Sta. Marta, urg- ing him to return, and offering to But certain men are clever in hatch- rnake him his pri'vate secretary, with ing mischief, altho slow to do good. emoluments. and perquisites over and These Capuchins put the case before above a very satisfactory salary for the venal men in power, as being cov- any ambitious cleric. Moreover, this ered by a recent law against the ad- very office of confidential secretary mission of any representative of any opens the way to gains material and foreign clerical order. Romanists have to honors of promotion, with all their the fixt idea that "once a priest, al- influence in all affairs of the diocese, ways a priest," hence Sr. Mitjans was great and small. In a word, there was a priest in disguise, and, therefore, to opened to him the career which most be expelled from the country. He was flatters and entices a young and gifted given notice to leave within fifteen ecclesiastic of Rome. But Sr. Mitjans da ys. He made preparations to com- gave not an instant to the consideraply with the order, as Spain has no tion of this proposition. minister in Venezuela, and the minis- THE ' ~ SOUTHERN CROSS~' AT A'NCHOR, LILITRIGUA Tile Mission Ship of the Melanesian Mission, Church of England OUR MISSIONARY MARINE SERVICE BY V. F. PENROSE Vhen Captain Cook sailed across England's missionary society work the Pacific he carried in sealed for the heathen. Carey's letters from orders, altho unknown to him, the India were read to a few other mincommand: "Prepare ye the way of isters and led to the formation of a the Lord." Unwittingly, he was the society for non-Baptists, the London forerunner of the Gospel. His voy- :Iissionary Society, in 1794. "For the ages and his remarkable book, de- first time Christians of all denominascription of his travels, roused Eng- tions, forgetting their party prejland's interest in the people of the mlices and partialities, assembled in Pacific. His ship Endeavor went to the same place, sang the same hymns, Tahiti, in 1768, to observe the transit united in the same prayers, and felt of Venus, and twelve years later he themselves one in Christ. This was murdered by the natives who unanimity of spirit, which time has had at first looked on him as a god. served to strengthen, is found em- bodied in th~ constitution of the The following year (in 1781), society which has remained un- ~Willial11 Carey began his work of c b a n g e d ." arousing his ministerial brethren to give the Gospel to the heathen. He Cook's "Narrative of Voyages in had read Cook's famous "Voyages," the Pacific Ocean" stimulated also and wished to go either to Tahiti or Rev. Mr. Haweis of Aldwinkle, whose to Africa. Jonathan Edward's Life address, delivered at Surrey Chapel, of David Brainerd intensified this drew such a picture of the dark desire, and at last (in 1792) the places that the directors decided to Baptist Missionary Society began establish a mission in Tahiti, Much hard work had to be done, but the The sphere of the mission was to energy and zeal of the missionary be "Otaheite, the Friendly Islands, society vanquished every difficulty. the Marquesas, the Sandwich and When they appealed for mission- the Pelew Islands." Returning he aries the first volunteer was Captain was to call at the East India Com- James Wilson.* He had been "saved pany's Canton factory for a return as by fire," but immediately after his cargo so as to sail back to Europe conversion from arrant skepticism in the early part of I798. It was he placed himself, his fortune and pronounced necessary to establish all his marvelous experiences at the the Gospel in one island, tho de- J.isposal of the society. After selling sirable to introduce it into several.

:1;S place "Horndean" in Hampshire Two women presented a brass e purchased the ship Duff for five 'plate to this missionary ship. On it 'lOusand pounds, and at the age of was inscribed: "See that ye fall not :.;rty-six sailed for the South Seas. out by the way" (Gen. 45: 24), and I t is singular that his last voyage "Fear thou not; for I am with thee: :lOme had been on the very ship on be not dismayed; for I am thy God: which John Thomas was surgeon, I will strengthen thee; yea, I will the first of medical missionaries, help thee; yea, I will uphold thee who drew Villiam Carey to India, with the right hand of my righteous- but all his persuasiveness had only ness" (Isa. 4I : IO).

confirmed Vilson in his infidelity. Thus sailed this ship, the first to Captain Wilson received a letter take light to Pacific darkness, not to of instruction from the directors of carry debaucheries unspeakable to the London lIissionary Society, people already debased unspeakably, saying that he was to proceed to and yet more than decimated by Portsmouth, joining the East India evil-minded traders and sailors of convoy there, for protection in that every nation. Thirty missionaries time of war; at Teneriffe four pipes sailed on that seven months' voy- of the best wine in hogsheads were age. There were children, too. One to be procured; and to take thence baby, six weeks old, who was left bunches of grapes, dried, for planting behind, came out twenty years later.

in mission settlements, and pecks of This baby was John Williams, the wheat and seeds of tropical fruits. famous missionary. They sailed for At Rio Janeiro he was to lay in a Tahiti where the people had forty stock of sugar, tobacco, chocolate, words for' murder and not one for cochineal plant, and other vegetable any kind of goodness. Sixteen years products. The cargo was worth the missionaries waited before they $34,000. If baffled by contrary winds heard the first voice in prayer, the he was to run for the Cape of Good voice of a little lad. Vhen finally Hope instead of proceeding by way baptism could be administered, it of Cape Horn to Tahiti. was uecessary to give new names to *A thrilling acconnt of his life has recently all, for their own exprest such ideas connected with their own vile customs. appeared in the MISSIONARY REVIEW, and is also in .. The Pacific Islanders "-Funk & Wagnalls The next missionary ship appears Company.

1']07J OUR I1IISSIO':':ARY :l:REE

to have been The M csscnger o/l'i!ace, recturs uf the Missionary Society, built by that wonder of missionaries, "for, by its means, useful property John Williams, in 1827. He had ap- will come to our lands, and our pealed in vain to the directors to bodies be covered with decent cloth. supply him with a ship, if only to But there is another use of this ship, keep away the trading-vessels which when we compassionate the little he called "the very arks of Satan." lands near to us, and desire to send He had purchased in Sydney the them the Gospel of Jesus Christ, the Endeavor, a schooner of eighty or Good vVord of the Kingdom." ninety tons, for trade between the No fewer than one hundred and THI3; "mrs,"' UNITED PRESBYTERIAN MISSIO'S BOAT ON THE NILE islands and 1ew South Wales, him- fifty plantations were more or less self guaranteeing the salary of a cultivated when the Endeavor sailed man to teach the natives the profit- with her first cargo. Three or four able cultivation of sugar and tobac- tons of salt had been prepared by co. The natives called it the BegiJl- the natives. Much gloom was thus ning. He loaded her with shoes, averted in 1822. But selfish merc!oth;ng, and tea, for the Raiateans, chants had induced the Governor of and the Governor of K ew South New South vTales to put a duty vTales added several cows and sheep upon the South Sea tobacco, vvhich as presents for chiefs. seriously affected also the new in- dustries of sugar growing, trading Tamatoa, the king, was much in coconut oils, pearl shells, and gratified at sight of the ship. "A other articles. SilY'l!ltaneously Mr. ship is good," he wrote to the di-

vViliiams received a letter from the fully examined every part of the directors, censunng his purchase. boat. His minute powers of observa- Calling the chiefs around him, they tion and his trained memory now at once determined to freight the enabled him without even the nec- Endeavor with native produce and essary tools in less than three sell her in Sydney for whatever months to construct a ship of seventy amount in the altered circumstances or eighty tons. His bellows having they could obtain. He felt keenly been destroyed by rats almost as the folly of this course. "Satan knew soon as completed, he contrived a well that this ship was the most wooden box that threw wind as a fatal weapon ever formed against his pump throws water,' and with this interests in the great South Sea," he machine he made all the iron-work remarked, "and, therefore, as soon requisite. The timbers were fastened as he felt the effects of its first blow, mostly by long wooden pins. "Why he wrested it out of our hands." did we not think of heating the hard stuff," the natives exclaimed when For how many generations this they saw the welding of iron, "inshort-sighted policy has been ad- stead of beating it with stones.?" vocated by missionary boards, bringing a harvest of hor"rors from vile "Trust and try" was William's traders, the worst stumbling-blocks motto. With the proceeds of his to many native Christians! charming book, "Missionary Enter- prises in the South Seas," he pur- A missionary ship ,villiams must chased another missionary ship, the have if the islands were to have the Ca1tlden, also soliciting funds, and Gospel. In 1827 he visited Rara- devoting the balance of his $20,000 tonga, a twelve months' visit. He earnings to a Polynesian college. had wanted to visit the Samoan On April 11th, 1838, he set sail, and Islands. His wife objected to such on the 20th of November, 1839, he long absence. Afflicted by a serious left her' decks to set foot on Erroillness, she concluded it was sent as manga, where he met his tragic fate. punishment for her opposition to her husband's wishes, and at once said: The John Williams was given by "From this time your desire has my the Sunday-school children of Engfull concurrence; and, when you go, land for the London Missionary I shall follow you every day with Society, and her annual circuit of the my prayers, that God may preserve islands, 15,000 miles, was truly a you from danger, crown your at- "great voyage." tempt with success, and bring you back in safety." The Allen Gardiner missionary schooner set sail for the land of Cap- "As he was never more himself tain Allen Gardiner's brief term of than when circumstances demanded work, Tierra del Fuego, in 1854, one an unusual amount of skill and of the Falkland Islands being the labor," no ship having visited Rara- station chosen as the chief one. tonga for some months, he deter- Bishop Stirling did his grand work mined to build a vessel. He had no by her aid. knowledge of ship-building, but on his voyage out in 1816 he had care- In 1854 the children of Amfj~ica were called on by Titus Coan to

OUR MISSIONARY }IARINE

AMERICAN BOARD STlCAlfER Il.MORNUiG STAR :iO. 5," )lICRONESIA build the M orlling Star, and $46,000 miniature rounds, and later were were raised. eoan's motto may well succeeded by larger and finer vesbe said to be his words: "Lord, send sels, until finally, steamers like the me where Thou wilt, only go with John Williams and the lv[or1l1:ng Star, me." As one brave little boat after the latest and best equipped of the another met her fate on cruel reefs, fleet, were commissioned. At present ~tI1other was built, until the fifth the circuit compassed in a season by Morning Star recently steamed on these missionary cruisers is from her way to Hawaii and the Caroline 15,000 to 20,000 miles. Islands. A missionary who lived many Doctor Dennis says that the whole years in Micronesia tells how the vast archipelago of the South Pacific most joyous days of his life were has been taught the true benefits of those when the Morning Star hove human intercourse by the recurring in sight. In almost breathless susvisits and the kindly ministrations pense the spy-glass is directed to the of the missionary ships. The little far-off vessel. The white flag shows sailing craft, like the Messenger of it is the M oming Star. Peace, the Haweis, the Endeavor, the Olive Branch, and the Camden-some 'Whom will they greet on board, the of which were built in the first same kind captain or some new face? qu~ rter of the last century by the What missionaries will they bring to missionaries themselves-began thei r help them? What will they hear of fathers and mothers, brothers and sis- ters? Arc they yet alive? Then when

the vessel arrives there is the mail-bag rang out as if to consecrate the with letters from many friends who have achievement to the glory of God; remembered them in their loneliness. and thus it has transpired with the They have hardly time to think of the passing of these thirty eventful good things to eat; the flour and salt years." beef and potatoes (they have had none for months); the watermelons, bananas, The description of how one boat oranges and jars of jelly and cans of was carried to its inland waters furfruit which loving friends (God bless nishes much interest. It was built them!) have sent to them. The new in sections, shipped from England to clothes and shoes, too, are worth thinking the East coast of Africa, then cqrried of, were there 110t so many things of on men's shoulders eight hundred more value. The captain and friends miles to Ujiji, on Lake Tanganyika. visit the little schools or attend worship This was an undertaking of great in the chapel. In due time the supplies difficulty, for the huge pieces of steel are landed, tl~email to friends at home might easily have been lost in some put on board, and the Morning Star takes African swamp or river. Captain her leave, to be absent many long Hare thus described the way they months. carried the little Morning Star (Nyota :)'a Assabui) , in r883, across Mrs. John G. Paton wrote from the Malagarasi River, sixty miles the New Hebrides: below Ujiji, with its vast swampy shores: If the Day Spring has been prized by the missionaries when all went well with After wading through the tall grass, them, how their hearts have gone out in higher than their heads, and sometimes gratitude to God when the little white- in water to their waists, for more than winged messenger of mercy has been half a mile, they reached the proper river seen approaching at a time of sickness hank. Here boats were waiting, secured or danger.. I know of at least two moth- with much delay and difficulty from the ers in this mission who have gone to the native chiefs, all the odds and ends of shores of their lonely island day after cloth being used up for fare. The camp day with aching hearts and strained eyes, equipage and other baggage were taken to catch the least little speck of hope on across first, and the precious sections of the horizon-for their babies were lying the Morning Star left for the last. For so sick that they feared they might die these, two of the l·argest canoes, twentyere the Day Spring came! two feet long, built of a single piece of bark, pinched together at the ends, were In Africa a whole fleet of boats taken, and two stout poles laid across sails her lakes, rivers, coasts-carry- them, tightly lashed on, upon which one ing heralds of the Cross. The pioneer boat section at a time was placed, and so of navigation on the inland lakes was all were safely carried over. One hunthe little !lala. In October, r875, she dred days after leaving Sandani on the steamed from the Shire into Lake coast, the caravan arrived at Ujiji. Here Nyassa "with the members of the they set to work at once to put the vessel Livingstonia Mission on board. The together and launch it upon the lake. significance of the events so deeply imprest those present that all hands The Ilala was the predecessor of gathered aft for a brief season of the Morning Star on Lake Tanganworship. Steam was shut off, and yika, in 1883, and of the Good News, the vessel floated calmly and silently which followed on the same lake, in on the waters, while the noble Psalm, r885, and also of the Dais)' and Elea- 'All people that on earth do dwell,'

H)07i OUR MISSIQKARY MARINE

!lor 011 the Victoria Nyallza. 111 the has sailed back and forth from Eng- Western waters, not far from the land to those bleak shores since 177L same date, the Peace and the Good Twelve different ships have been in Will entered the Kongo, to be fol- use, five named The HarmO/z)'. AIl lowed in recent years by the Lapsley have been sailing vessels, but the last and the Livingstone. The flala and has auxiliary steam-power. the lYforning Star were the pioneers of a fleet of from thirty to forty On that same bleak coast now sails steamers now navigating the waters during the five or six months of unof Nyassa and Tanganyika.* frozen water, the Strathcona, the splendid medical boat that Dr. Wil- A few years ago the entire mis- fred T. GrenfeIl uses in his labors for sionary fleet in all parts of the world the Master. His life-verse is: "Teach was said to number sixty-seven ves- me to do the thing that pleaseth Thee." sels. There have been additions In the "Toilers of the Deep" is a desince then. scription of his noble work: The children of the United Pres- Doctor Grenfell, in short, acts as guide, byterian Church of Scotland gave philosopher and friencl to all the people up the John Williams for the Calabar and down the coast; his memory of faces coast, and the children of the Pres- and people, together with their individual byterian Church of the United States needs and requirements, is simply phenombnilt and ran the ship N aSSGlt tiIl the enal, and most of the residents are known launch Dorothy, given in memory of to him personally, not only the fishermen, a little child, took her place on the but the Hudson Bay Company's people. 'vVest coast of Africa. The Moravian brethren at the six stations, and the hundreds of Eskimos 011 the coast, The Sunday-school children of Eng- are all on the lookout for his visit; and land gave the money for the John many an Esquimo did we doctor during my vVillia11ls sent to the South Seas by eight weeks' stay. the London Missionary Society, and $29,000 in addition for missionary And so we take the Eskimos under our ships. The Day Spring used in the medical wing also; and in many other ways New Hebrides Mission was given by have they received a helping hanel from the the children of Australia, a-t a cost of Deep Sea Mission. It may not seem much on paper, but you can imagine the difference $25,000. it must make to the 1,200 Eskimos, scattered up and down the coast, to have a doctor The Church Missionary Society has visiting them. To see the friendly haste the Henry Venn for exploration up with which they come rushing 011 board on the Niger VaIley and up the Binue. his arrival, you would think they were going The same Society has a medical niis- to eat him. sion boat on the Nile. They have another on Victoria Nyanza. Along the CDasts and up the rivers of Siam sails the Kala11la:::oo that en- Labrador was reached by Jens ables Rev. Eugene P. Dunlap to make Haven in 1765. Grants of land were his marvelous tours. He is a physician made to the Moravians by George IlL, without a diploma, having curec1many, in 1769, and a missionary ship, with- vaccinated hosts, as well as preached out a single fatal accident recorded, the Gospel in prisons, palaces. market- places, wherever he goes. Now Doctor *DoctOT Dennis in Christian Missions and Social Bulkley accompanies him on his tours Progress. and dispenses medicine while his dis-

tinguished companion attends to the fleets of junks and sampans teemother needs. This is a Presbyterian ing with the brown-skinned natives, boat, given by the children of Kala- among a parish of a million and a half mazoo, Michigan. in three hundred and fifty villages, the American Baptist Missionary Society They have another boat supported sails the ship Good News under Capby the young people, Aug Mabuting tain Fickel. This is the opportunity Balita, or Good News, a gasoline of one man. launch, that has begun a splendid work on Laguna de Bay, a large lake This glimpse of Ollr missionary just east of Manila. Rev. and Mrs. marine service shows some of the J. E. Snook itinerate among twenty- needs for Christian work on the seas five cities, not one of which has a place and some of the attempts to meet the in which to sleep, or to buy clean, need. Let us all pray as never before wholesome, safe food, or to get a drink for all Ollr traders, sailors, captains, of water safe from cholera or dysen- merchants, so many of whom devastate tery, or to afford a bath or chance to and degrade wherever they go, rechange one's clothes. The launch en- garding the natives only as fair sport, ables one worker to do the work of their lawful prey. I t remains for two or three men among those many Christian governments, merchants people eager for the Gospel. and missionaries to remove such a hlot frolll the scutcheon of Christen- On the Inland Sea of Japan, with dom. countless islands. mountain crowned.

SUNDAY-SCHOOl, CHILDREN C?N THE PRESBYTERIAN MISSION LAUNCII "LAGUNA," PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

MORAVIAN SllIP .. HARMO:""Y." FAST I~ THE ICE, OFF

MISSION SHIPS I N TH E _~RCTIC AND TN THE TROPICS

CAMPAIGNING IN THE

IlY DAVID M'CONAUGHY Forward Movement Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, New York With the foresight of a veritable bursive, the other educative and accuprophet President Francis ·Wayland mulative. If almost the entire attensaid many years ago; "The tendency tion is concentrated upon the former will be more and more for churches to function, what wonder if deficits return over their missionary obligation sult and the whole work be hindered? to societies, for societies to tum it over to boards, for boards to turn it over Happily of late in some of the to executive committees and executive boards, increased attention has been committees to secretaries; so that in turned to developing the resources at the last result the chief responsibility the home end. In several of the boards, for the great work will rest on the home departments have been develshoulders of a dozen men." AdoniraIIl, oped, headed by secretaries wh; are Judson Gordon pointed out very much selected with reference to their ability the same thing when, shortly before to set in motion the forces that are to his departure he said, "The greatest produce both the men and the money problem which confronts us for the for the great undertaking. A statesopening century is that of distributing man-like program has been evolved, the missionary responsibility which has ecclesiastical machinery set in motion, become conjested in official circles." the leaders in both pulpit and pew This centripetal tendency has of late called together to study the dis-. been more and more corrected by the tinct missionary responsibility of the counterforce which is tending to dis- Church and the whole· rank and file tribute responsibility throughout the summoned to a new sense of obliga- Church. tion to carry out the Great Commis- sion as speedily as possible. The missionary enterprise is simply the projection of the Q1t1rch of Christ It is interesting to note how closely "unto the uttermost part of the earth." the plans that are now evolving re- The instrumentality employed for this semble those which that great missionpurpose may be likened to a cantilever ary statesman, Alexander Duff, anticbridge, with one arm extending over ipated some seventy years ago. When the seas, where multiform agencies are on his way home from India for his accomplishing magnificent achieve- first furlough, his active mind was ments and with another arm reaching busy on shipboard working out the into the churches at home, where every problem, "How," as he said, "not only congregation is supposed to supply a the Church, but all Scotland could be cord and each individual member a organized for the· permanent and prostrand in the great cables which anchor gressive support by prayer and by the enterprise, while the board consti- knowledge, by men and by money, of tutes the pillar upon which it is largely the missionary work in India." The made to turn. solution, he believed, lay in visiting and addressing all the presbyteries of The mission board has mainly two the Church in detail. Soon he had functions: one administrative and dis- set about putting his plan in operation,

beginning' in the presbytery of Lon- erature, the missionary library, period- don, "where he had the satisfaction icafs, pamphlets, the monthly mission- ere long of seeing every church con- ary meeting, special sermons, mission stitute itself into a missionary society." study classes, prayer, and the financial Vithin about six months he had vis- outcome.

ited every presbytery from the Sol- If the spiritual motive be not lack- way Firth to the mainlancl of Ork- ing and the educational process faith- ney, with the result that the mission- fully employed, the financial result is ary revenue rose from £1,200 to £7,- sure to follow. Hence the latter is 589; this was in 1838. treated as of the nature of effect rather unawares of this chapter of history, than cause. Gradually there has been lines quite similar to these of Duff evolved this scriptural program which have been worked out by the Board is now being put before the churches: of Foreign Missions of the Presbyte- rian Church in the u. S. A. Cam- paigns have been conducted in vari- I 1ft is toe mission of rbe 1OOI.bole ous sections of the country during the <rourcb to gi"e tbc Gospel to rbe past two years, in connection with the 1OOI.oole 1OOI.orl~. Forward l1ovement. The plan contemplates a one-day conference at a II rbls entire <routcb being R .mIssion::: central point in a presbytery, to which ar)2 Soclet)2, eacb member of rbe are invited the pastor and at least one :fI3o~)2 is un~er co"enant to oelp fulfil elder, delegated from the session of tbe wiII of rbe "'ea~: to gl"e tbc Gospel to e"er)2 creature.

each church. III )5"er)2 <rbrlstlan Is comman~e~ to In the morning session, attention is "Go," If not In person, tben poten::: tlaII)2, ba"ing a soare b)2 gift an~ turned to a statesman-like presenta- pra)2cr in supporting R ~atisb tion of the field abroad, one or two Rbroa~, as well as rbe ~arisb at missionaries setting forth each his own "'omc. particular field in broad outline, after which the horizon is widened to take IV il'ur (lif"fng shouI~ be an Ret of 1OOI.or::: in the entire field occupied by the sbip (~tO". itt. 9), <rbeerful 12 church. After each presentation an <rOt. tx. 7), an~ accorNng to the 'Rule of ttbree (1 <rOt. x"i. 2): opportunity is given for questions. ":Let e"er)2 one of In the afternoon session, considera- . )2ou tion is given to the forces of the home 1a)2 b)2 htm in church for effecting the evangelizaticn of the field abroad, namely: (1) S)2stemattcaU)2 store on thc The Board; (2) the ~lissionary; (3) jfirst ~a12 of the 'Ie Synodical and Presbyterial Com- weelt Proportionatel)2 Rs Gob oatb pros::: pereb bim."

:itlecs; (4) the Local Church. The ";Teater part of the afternoon is spent After the leaders have thus been in a careful consideration of the work enlisted and put into intelligent touch of the missionary committee of the lo- with the program, they go back to cal church, on both the eclucational and their churches to prepare the way for financial sides. This includes: corre- the visitation which follows. The plans spondence with the Parish Board, lit- having been carefully laid well in ad-

MISSIONARY CAMPAIGNING IN THE

vance by the Presbyterial committee, a Club, the Sunday-school, the Young force of missionary speakers is sent People's Society, the Voman's Misforth, each one being given a route so sionary Society, as well as the session as to reach a different church each or whatever body is responsible for day with the exception of Monday, the spiritual leadership of the church. which is reserved for rest. Usually To this committee is entrusted the su- Sunday is greatly preferred, but as pervision of the missionary interests, there are not enough Sundays to go both home and foreign, on both the around, it is necessary, in order to cover the churches of a presbytery by educational and financial sides.* such a visitation within a week or two, to utilize also the week-nights, espe- The effect of systematic work of this cially in the smaller churches. sort is telling to a marked degree. The contributions for Foreign .11 issions The type of meeting which has have steadily risen, from 86c. in 1904 proved most effective for the week- to 964c. in 1906. A few typical innight visit is the "Men's Conference," stances may best serve to show the reeither around the supper-table (each sult, not only in increase of contribuman paying for himself) or if that is tions, but likewise in the reflex upon not possible, then in a parlor, inform- the condition of the churches spiritally, with individual invitations issued ually: jointly by the host and the pastor. It is found that such a gathering of a The pastor of a country church in dozen men, including the church offi- Illinois writes: "Ve increased our ofcers, amounts to far more than a gen- fering from about $60 to $625 by the' eral meeting many times as large. Forward Movement method."

The so-called missionary mass-meet- The pastor of another church which ing has been practically discarded, not at first thought it hardly possible to merely because as a rule the people do adopt the plan, writes: "Sabbath not "mass," but because far more can morning we presented the Forward be accomplished, for the immediate Movement to the people; the reend in view, by working at close sponses were splendid-a subscription range, than by platform addresses. At to the amount of $221. I call that fine every point where there is to be a pres- for my church. Only one person subentation to the people, in a Sunday scribes as much as 25 cents a week. service or otherwise, it is urged that As to a Parish Abroad, suppose you there shall be opportunity in advance suggest one." for conference with the church officers. At this conference the practical One of the oldest churches on Long problem of enlisting the members of Island, which took up the plan a year the church individually to have a part ago, has this year given $600, where in the support of the Parish Abroad, before it was giving $115. A little is taken up, with due regard to the be- girl in this church with an income of nevolence of the Church generally. A five cents a week, gave two cents a missionary committee is organized, representative of every section of the • A mannal fully detailing the plan of organiza- Church, the Brotherhood or Men's tion of this committee may he obtained 011 applica- tion to the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. "Pla11s-suggested for the Foreign Missionary Committee of Presbytery aud Synod " can likewise be obtained, together with other ~publications of the Forward Movement series.

week last year for this purpose for the an increase of about $700 over the pre- support of the Parish Abroad. On the ceding year. "The Movement has Forward Movement day recently, been a great blessing to the Church,"

when the opportunity was given for is the emphatic testimollY of the pas- revising subscriptions and making tor.

new ones, this little girl told her A new pastor who went to a church father that she wished to change her in Pennsylvania not long ago and pledge. He feared that she might found that the Forward Movement have come to regret giving so much had recently been introduced, writes: as four-tenths of her income, but he "Our offering for local church sup- was greatly delighted when she went port taken yesterday was the largest on to say that she wanted to give three for several years and our secretary in- cents a week. Those who talk loudly forms me that there has been an aver- of "the tithe" they give, might well age increase of $30 a 1110nth since the learn a lesson from this little girl who Forward Movement began-a move- gives no less than six-tenths and gives ment forward all along the line. After it so cheerfully. meeting the full 'amount of the pledge /. city church in Pennsylvania in- to the Board of Foreign :Missions for troduced the plan without help from the support of the Parish Abroad, outside. The pastor writes: "Up to there was a considerable balance and last evening we had promises of$r,- we will be ready for something more 947 from eighty-seven persons. I am next year."* sure there are a large number of oth- Testimonies, such as the foregoing, ers who intend to give. I feel confident might be multiplied to almost any that it is going to bring a blessing to length. New standards are being es- the Church and we shall receive more tablished all over the Church in con- than we give. I am therefore desir- sequence of this Forward ~Iovement ous of enlisting the cooperation of work. Whole presbyteries are being other men, women and children of the lifted to a new sense of responsibility congregation, as far as possible." and now the Presbyterian Church in In a large Iowa town, the plan was the U. S. A. is preparing to fairly face introduced in the face of a great deal the question of its distinct missionary of opposition. A Forward Movement responsibility for evangelizing its committee was appointed and a letter great Parish Abroad of 100,000,000 sent to every member asking each to non-Christians, which is believed to be have some systematic share in obey- perfectly possible within a generation.

ing the Great Commission, whatever By God's blessing, a fivefold in- the amount l' 'ght be, weekly. The crease of funds would provide for a subscription ~L'on leached $775. A fivefold increase of force, which would hard-working cobbler, earning not make it possible to put the Gospel more than $7 a week and who is al- within the reach of all in the field to ready generously contributing to the be evangelized.

support of the church, subscribes 25 • The story of "A Church with a World Parish," cents a month through the Forward in the Presbytery of Newark, which has been told Movement. The entire benevolent in full in pamphlet form, may very well furnish work of the Church profited, showing a chapter by itself. It can be had on application to the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions.

THE' FIRST FIVE YEARS OF MISSIONARY

SOME PRACTICAL POINTS FOR YOUNG MISSIONARIES BY REV. ROBERT F. FITCH, SHANGHAI, CHINA There is, in some circles to-day, proposition, but in many fields ina belief that for an educated Amer- volves the finest kind of discipline. ican to go to the East, and eventllal- The Orient is changing; methods lyto exert a wide influence, is a sim- once suited to the race often need ple problem for solution. But if our change. The senior missionary may forefathers, themselves savages and be progressive, or devoted to probarbarians, were saved through the cesses already somewhat antiquated, leadership of a body of men who to and' his type of thought may differ a remarkable extent represented the considerably from the views which culture of the finest homes and the a later theological training has develbest educational institutions of the oped in the newcomer. Life in the medieval ages, how much more does Orient tends to intensify the convicthe East to-day require from us men tions already held, and hence, under of culture, breadth of sympathy, and most favorable conditions, a wide with such lines of procedure as are divergence between the two men is best suited to the genius of its peo- quite possible. Ordinarily it is to be ple. The culture of the Orient far assumed that the advantage is with surpasses that of our own ancestors, the senior missionary, but it is also and any man who looks lightly upon quite certain that the junior mishis task as a missionary to the sionary must have at least a few Orient, is already by that very at- points in his favor. And the junior titude of mind and heart doomed to missionary wil1 be more likely to failure. He may have many Chris- realize his own points of advantage, tian graces; but if he lack humility, rather than what puts him at a diswhich involves the attitude of en- advantage. It behooves him to requiry, and of respect to the genius strain himself, to know sympathetof the Orient, he has brought other ical1y the work and views of his segraces to naught, and disqualified nior on the field, and to entertain himself for a true interpretation of respect for the principles which he the Orient, and hence for that sym- holds, even when thoroughly conpathy which must go before success. vinced that his own are better. Hence I offer five suggestions as ab- Never can he have the right attitude solutely necessary to the fullest toward the still wider divergences realization of the missionary ideal. of an alien race, until in all things As my own experiences have' been he has learned not only to tolerate, in China, certain illustrations and but to respect the divergent views references will pertain to that of his senior co-workers. Not until country. he has learned to subordinate him- self for a period of years, and to wait First, when a young man goes to in patience and in sympathy for the foreign field, he must put him- others, can he be truly ready to self under the direction of his se- "work out his own salvation" i,n misniors. This sounds like a simple

sian methods, methods which, never- not win assent from the universal theless, may conform very much to moral consciousness of men, whether ideas held on his first arrival in the from the East or 'vVest. And as field. Confucius has dominated the think- ing men of China, so has he given Secondly, a young missionary, at tone to the literature of that race; the earliest opportunity, should be- and, while it is to be admitted that gin to know the best in the literature there are many artificial and pedantic of the race to which he goes-and things to be found, nevertheless, by so doing will learn to respect its apart from the life of One, some of ideals, and strengthen his own the most entertaining and noble powers of thought. No man of alien things are to be found ill the liter- race who knows only the American ature of China; and whatever are dime novel, or the cheaper products true and good, reveal the latellt of our literature, can truly know our capacity of a race and give right aspirations and noblest ideals. Only grounds for respect and sympathy" in the best of our literature and thought are the latent possibilities of Thirdly, a young missionary should the race to be found. To be truly endeavor, at the earliest opportunity, interpreted by others they must to cultivate the acquaintance of the know the best products of our noblest men of the community in noblest men. which he labors, and, later, of the noblest men of the race to which he 'Vhen we go to a land like China, carries his message. Outside of the r:ch in literature, with high ethical schools, our best education comes ideals, with strong men, heroes and from personal intercourse with martyrs, it behooves us to know the strong men, and in onr intercourse best thought which her best men we should learn the art of true C011have produced. Owing to the mar- Yersation, by which we are able to velous influence of Confucius, 2,400 draw out, from others, their most years ago, the classical literature of vital thinking, to express our own China is more free from imp:1re sug- best thoughts, with a view to mutual -gestions and moral taint than that good." The ultimate battle in any of any other race. In fact, Confucius race is not with her weak men-the spent the closing years of his life in ignorant, superstitious, degradedgoing over the literature then ex- but with the strong and, when they tant, to eliminate everything impure are known, appreciated, and won, or obscene. He stood for the su- the battle is won for the entire race. premacy of right. and his system, in :'Iere education will gTac1ually overits ethical import, may be sU111mecl come what ignorance there is in the up in this quotation: "If in my heart East, but Oriental systems will I know I am right, tho lO,OOO come merely entrench themselves, unless against 111(:', yet shall I go on. If in the strong men-native to the race- embody in their own lives those my heart ] know r am wrong". tho (leeds and principles which appeal to the Oriental mincl, and thus force a beggar come clad ill filthy rags, Christianity to become incligellou:i 1 shall not pre'aiL" In his three fundamental. and eight minor, propositions, there is nothing that ,'ould

FIRST FIVE YEARS OF MISSIOlARY

to that race. In Paul's day "not spend the most of their time in many mighty nor noble were called," giving advice and help to others, and ancl yet much of the strongest work putting them in the way of advancehe did was through the mighty and ment, with great influence over rich the noble; and. if we to-clay in Ori- and poor, choosing to have less ental lands coulc! win but half as property, the better to fulfil their many of the higher class as he won ideals of service. To know such in his day, the results would be men, is to enrich one's own life, as heralded far and wide as constituting well as to enable one to interpret great victories for our faith. Then, the race better. too, the mighty and the noble in Paul's clay, in a peculiar sense, rep- Fourthly, a young missionary resented luxury, greed and cruelty, should endeavor gradually to study while in many of the Oriental lands and appreciate the best elements of of to-day they represent the best the race consciousness of the land to blood of that race, in its ideals and which he goes. Even in the lives of aspirations. In Paul's day there was the masses, among those who somean unlimited monarchy, with its rep- times arc bowed down by ignorance, resentatives deified. To-day the superstition, and fear, there are cerleaders of the Orient represent a tain comm011 elements which are an class that is doing more than any assurance of their future achieveother to serve unselfishly and often ment. When our Savior wept over at the greatest sacrifice, the good of the multitude, it was not merely beits race. For the young missionary cause of their weakness and need, to know such men is to unveil his but also because there was in each eyes, broaden his sympathy, deepen a capacity for becoming a child of his respect, and multiply his effi- God. He not only saw men with the ciency, even with the poor and muck-rake, and the rubbish at their needy. feet, but with the crown hung over the head of each; and with Him, the F or myself, next to home and col- tragedy was not merely that men lege, with their Christian associa- should not see the crown. Any man tions, lowe most to the Confucian who sees the muck-rake of heathenscholars of China, for their culture, ism, and yet fails to see the capacity wit and humor, powers of argument, for the crown, in the lives of the and unfailing courtesy, even under humblest, is not ready so to interthe most provoking conditions. Some pret the race as to awaken those of these men have such a reputation latent aspirations which, divinely for honesty and fearlessness that given, belong to all. their word is law in cases of arbitration, and he who goes against their lVe are not in the foreign land to decision, is boycotted and excluded Vesternize the Oriental, or to denafrom the former society of friends. tionalize him. Christianity rejoices Some of these men have had op- in individual gifts, develops them, portunities to make immense wealth, and brings them to their highest but themselves liye simply, both as realization. The Orient will not regards dress and food, preferring to only attempt to appropriate the best that there is i. the vVest, but will

also attempt to conserve the best claim; and only as they felt its claim that is in its own past. Chriiitianity was their whole perspective of life will make the Chinaman a better changed. Over the material forces Chinaman, and the Oriental a nobler of nature, J esns used one kind of Oriental. power; but, over the moral con- sciousness of men, his power was Fifthly, and lastly, one must also exprest in his love. That love itself work out, for himself, that which in was power, infinite, divine, the only Christianity is to conquer the best power that could awaken men from that there is in that race. The ulti- their sleep to the light of a new life. mate battle is to be between the best Only as we have that love can Jesus that is in men, and in systems of to-day use us for the regeneration of truth. It is comparatively easy for men. Suffering and discipline may the Christian missionary to conquer come, but only as qualified in the the low, the mediocre and indiffer- spirit of love, can they be used to ent, to work along lines of least re- save men. The great proof, by sistance; but the real test comes which all men shall know that we when, after a frank acknowledgment are Christ's disciples, is that we have of what is good in the East, we are "love one to another." The infinite able to present that which will ride love of God, so wondrously revealed triumphant over its best; and only in His Son, can save, but a mere when we have conquered its best, ethical ideal is impotent. And when shall we have truly conquered the the Orient receives from Jesus that race, and have brought it into ulti- spirit of love, which He revealed and mate captivity to Christ. :.vIoreover, so perfectly embodied in His life, when we present the fundamental then only will it be brought to a elements of our faith, it must be in salvation that is final and complete. such a manner as to appeal to the It must be through the spirit of love Oriental type of mind. that Jesus is to be enthroned in human hearts, and the significance As was pointed out before, Con- of His life, His character, His cross, fucius stan drs for an ethical ideal, to and His Sonship can be revealed. be attained by a process of self-culture. He stands for the supremacy So let a young man, on his arrival of righteousness, and claims that his in a mission field, learn to know and ideal is sufficient for the salvation to respect his seniors in toil, the best of men. in the literature of the Orient, the noblest of her men, the best elements Jesus claims that an ethical ideal of her national consciousness, and will only educate, but not produce last, but 1110St important, let him regeneration of life. He directly ap- know that, in his own faith, which, pealed to the moral consciousness of in his life and message, shall ri"de men by His love-an infinite love, triumphant over the best in all that sacrificed all, that suffered, that human life, and in heathendom bring denied itself, and found its final ex- "captivity captive" to "Chris:lls pression on Calvary-a love that Redemptor." "would not let go." And only as men saw that love, did they feel its

LITTLE GIRLS COUNT IN CHINA?

BY REV. ELLIOTT 1. OSGOOD, M.D., CIIEE OlEO, CHINA At a recent commencement exer- breakfast. Down by the edge of the cise in the Nanking Christian Girls' stream, with its little limbs immersed School, the church was crowded to the in the cold water, she found the body doors. The windows were open and of a new-born baby girl. In the darkmasses of heads looked into the r00111 from outside. Missionaries and Chris- A NANKING SCHOOLGIRL tians did not make up the bulk of that audience, but the rich and influential ness of the night it had been thrown men and women of that great city down there by heartless parents, who eagerly responded to the invitations expected that it would 1"011 into the to be present on this occasion when water and be drowned. They had not four girls were to be graduated. quite succeeded in killing the child, These leaders, for the first time in their but the chill of the night and the water history, were struggling with the proh- had well-nigh accomplished the deslem of education for the despised half picable deed. of China's race. They listened with rapt attention to a program of music, A heathen woman would have essays, and dialogs in which a Christian tone was dominant.

The last number on the program was a speech by a little girl of ten who told in her childish way the purpose of Christian missions in opening schools for girls. She was speaking to a richly-clael audience of atheists and heathen, many of whom had sanctioned the practise of infanticide. Had she told them her own history it would have been even more striking than her speech, for she is a living example of the purpose of Christian missions.

Mrs. Shi, of the Yu-ho-ts village in Anhwui province, is as consecrated a Christian woman as can be found in the Church of Christ in any land. Yet twenty years ago she was as ignorant, superstitious and unmoral as any of her sisters ill China, but for the past fift'een years she has been a wonderful example of the transforming power of the Gospel.

Ten years ago she went down one morning as usual to the stream back of her house to wash the rice for

looked around to see if anyone were Ten years later,by the grace of God, looking and then, probably, finished "Little Love" stood upon that misthe work; but a new-born love in the sion school platform. The Gospel had heart of Mrs. Shi caused her to pick proved its power. The richest and up the babe anel hastened back to her most influential of that Chinese city home. She worked over it for hours saw this little one who had been cast until the blood once more circulated away by her own parents at birth, and freely through the sluggish veins and had been caught up and saved by one the cry of hunger rewarded her work. of China's despised womanhood, but The women who gathered around hacl redeemed by the power of Christ. "Litnever witnessed such an act before. tle Love" is a living emblem of the new girlhood to be given to the other Perhaps Mrs. Shi herself would half of China's little ones when Christ have stopt appalled, hacl she taken comes and reigns there. time to think, but she was too busy saving life for that, and not until the In former times this Oriental nation blood was once more freely flowing has had little love to waste upon her through that little body could she take girls. The perpetuation of the famtime to think of the future. How she ily name was looked upon as the imsucceeded in taking that little life portant object for the rearing of chilthrough the following years is both dren, so that the boy was the prime a mystery and a marvel. factor. Girls when g'rOWll 111ust be lost to the home of their parents and The Chinese have cows in that part minister to the perpetuation of some of the country, but they only use them other line. To rear them was a thankfor plowing. They neither drink milk less task undertaken for the benefit nor eat butter, and prepared foods are of some one else. a product of more advanced countries, so that the Chinese have never Then in a land where famine fredeveloped s11ch means for feeding ba- quently decimates the population and bies robbed of their natural birthright. where the poor die by the roadside Their only substitute is rice water and uncared for: where the great burning rice gruel. question is, "How shall I get enough to eat ?" is it strange that parents With these accessories ::v1rs. Shi be- should have little love for those whom gan undauntedly to save that little they have been taught to regard as girl, and from kind missionary friends useless appendages? Is it strange that she could occasionally obtain con- when the future holds nothing better densed milk. ::'.lany times during than the prospect of a dreary search those succeeding days did she go to for enough to keep life in one's body some Chinese mother with that babe that the strangling of a new-born babe in her arms and plead that this little should appear to those minds more like one might lie for a time upon a life- an act of mercy than a crime? giving mother-breast. She called the child "Little Love," and ponred upon Missionaries see little bodies floating' her the wealth of a mother-love. No upon the SCU111 of the ponds or thrown trial seemed too harel, no task too out by the roacbide and half eaten b,' . great, if it woulelminister toward pre- the wolfish dogs. It is not necessary ser~ing the life of this babe to open the little bundle of matting

LITTLE GIRLS COUXT IX CHINA?

lying by the side of the city wall to Confucian classics teach that a wom- know what it contains. Shanghai has an may be divorced for any of seven its hexagonal tower into which their reasons, such as being a gossip, a bodies can be cast. Nanking has its scold, unfaithful, sterile, and so on.

temple to which may be brought any They give no suggestion that a wom- little dead bocly which the parents care an may divorce her husband. They not to bury themselves. Men, in oreIer teach that a girl should be obedient that they may accumulate merit, sub- to her parents, a married woman to scribe toward the burying of these lit- her husband, and a widow to her eld- tle bodies.

In certain quarters Buddhists have been inspired to open orphanages, and a circular bucket is fixt in the wall up- on a pivot. One side is open and swung out to the street. Any parent may place therein a babe and swing the bucket in. It will be received without question and wet nurses will be called in to rear it. But to what end is this seeming charity clone?

Slavery, largely of little girls, still exists in Sinim. Families who may wish a girl servant find the solution of their difficulty by bl1ying Olle of these waifs and rearing- it for a slave.

Sometimes they treat it well. but fre- quently there creeps out to the world stories of terrible treatment. I-IoLlses of ill-fame are fonnel in all their cities, and agents are busy furnishing girls for this terrible traffic. These girls in them are veritable slaves. Drest "LITTLE LOVE" AND HEn FOSTER-FATHER in gorgeous raiment to attract atten- est son. They make no suggestion as tion they are often displayed upon the to educating her. Her lot is to give public streets. Vhen an orphanage is birth to a boy and to play a humble established and ministers to this slave- part in making a home. trade, its aim is not philanthropic. With the coming of the new era Sitting in our comfortable homes, surrounded by comforts, and far re- in China the leaders are now under- moved fr0111 such scenes, it is easv to going a change of attitude toward condemn those who refuse to rear a their womankind. The hundreds of girl rather than condemn her to such Christian homes established by the a life. I!hen we stand face to face missionaries throughout the interior of with the terrible nightmare itself of China have been a revelation to them.

poverty and shame we see the problem In those homes they have seen women more clearly. and men living as equals. In edtlca-

tion, judgment and counsel they work command his services a school for side by side. Love reigns in these girls was opened in another home. homes and therefore peace also. They Similar work is being done in other have looked upon homes presided over cities, and appeals are being made to by educated, refined Christian women. the missionaries for teachers and the That is why they are seeking to open opening of schools for girls. Wherschools for their girls. "We want ever they are opened these classes such homes in our land," they have readily send their girls and loyally said to us. "We did not know that it support the schools both financially was possible for a woman to become and morally. an equal of man. N either had we dreamed of the possibility of finding Even the custom of the girls is pleasure and congenial companionship changing. Heretofore such names in association with women.". were given as "Want-a-boy," "Too- many-girls," "Come-a-boy," "Little- In one influential family a private trouble." Now we hear of "Little school on Western lines has been Love" and "Little Precious" and "Litopened and both boys and girls on tle Joy" being used. The change is equal footing have been admitted. coming slowly to these who have long VVe had trained a teacher in the mis- been waiting, but it is coming surely. sion school, ap.d as soon as they conlcl Girls are beginning to count.

THE FIRST BRA~ILIAN BAPTIST CONVENTION* BY SOLO~ION L. GINSBURG Superintendent of the Pernambuco Baptist Mission, Pernambuco, Brazil, of the S. B. Convention The difficulties attending a com- The convention began June 23 and plete, or even adequate, representa- lasted five days. About fifty mes- fon of the Brazilian Baptist churches sengers were present, representing at a series of special meetings and about one hundred churches and conferences may be realized when it 5,000 believers.

is remembered that the churches are The chief subject for deliberation scattered over a field some 5,000 was the need of educating the native miles long. For example, a delegate ministry. The spread of the Baptist from the Amazon valley was obliged cause of late has been so remarkable, to travel for eleven days, at cost of and the lack of prepared native $I70. Need had been long felt for . pastors so acute, that plans were im- such a united effort, and eager ex- mediately needed to relieve the situ- pectation was aroused in Baptist ation, and not only the missionaries circlt;s throughout the country, and but also native representatives of all a deep consciousness of the power of the churches had been invited with the Holy Spirit brooded over the a view to uniting all upon the great convention from first meeting to the subject. Once together other im- last. portant branches of the work were 'For twenty-five years the Baptists have been working in Brazil. divided into seven mission fields, besides the German Baptists in the South who, tho in full fellowship with us, are supported by the Gennan churches of North America. While in each of these seven mission fields United Annual lleet~ ings are held, never before was there such a general c:::nvention.

FIRST BRA.ZILIAN BAPTIST CONVENTION

discust, and resolutions adopted that There were also organized a Young will affect for good the Baptist work People's Board, with headquarters in Brazil for time and eternity. 'vVe in Bahia, a Sunday-school Board select and present two or three of with headquarters in Rio de Janeiro, the more important matters brought and a Publications Board with headforward. quarters in the same place; but most important, a Board of Education for (I) The Board of National Evan- the establishment of an. academy gelization. The movement for the and seminary in Rio de Janeiro, the evangelization of Brazil by the na- federal capital of the republic. tives themselves is not new. It has been tried, not only among the The Rev. Dr. J. W. Shepard has Baptists, but other denominations. been unanimously chosen to direct At the convention, the subject was the educational work in Brazil from fully discust, and a board appointed the headquarters in Rio, and the with headquarters at Campos (State Foreign Missions Board in Richof Rio de Janeiro). The object of this mond, Virginia, has not only apboard is to strengthen the existing proved his plans, but has promised churches by developing the spirit of to assist us toward the necessary self-support among them, and to oc- means for the initiation of this work. cupy the new fields as fast as they What this movement means to us open up. Its scope is unlimited,and can not easily be described. We tho, on account of poverty, the con- have three local schools that are tributio:ls of the churches are not doing fairly well, in two of which large, we hope in the near future to we have a few theological students, see our native work immensely ex- but up to the present the Baptists tended. have not had an adequate school for the equipment of its young people (2) The Foreign Mission Board. for the higher professions. The fu- At the convention, a letter from Chile ture is bright with promise. was rea.d, begging for a missionary to be sent to organize about nine The convention was a great suchundred Baptists, scattered over the cess in every sense of the word. country, into regular churches. The Bahia, tho an ultra-Catholic city, missionaries have always taught the was stirred to its depths, and all the Brazilian churches to take an active daily papers published columns of interest, not only in home work, but information about our doings. At also in foreign missions, and altho the opening we had representatives most of onr contributions for this from all classes of society, and a latter had been sent to the Foreign telegram of greeting from the pres- Missions Board in Virginia, yet ident of the republic. The spiritual when this letter was read, such a aspect and results of the convention spirit of enthusiasm took hold of the were no less remarkable. Every day delegates that they then and there the early morning prayer-meeting at resolved to unite and defray the six o'clock was well attended, and traveling expenses of a man to be each night, after the evangelistic sent to Chile at once. It was also re- meetings, the inquirers filled the adsolved to open up work in Portugal. joining room to overflowing.

AMONG THE HEATHEN ON NEW IRELAND 'I'

BY GEORGE PEARSOK Not long ago I went with Rev. H. Chinamen's goods might be appropri- Fellmann and a Fijian teacher named ated at the same time. It was decided Eron Sokidi, five Neu Mecklenburg that the best way would be to take boys and eighteen carriers, on a land- the Chinamen first, and afterward take buying expedition on the central west their boods. The leader, named coast of Neu Mecklenburg (New Ire- Gilam, led his men to the place, and land) . The rapid spread of our work finding one of the Chinamen in a hut in this island necessitated the buying on the beach, and the other on the of small pieces of land in several of the vessel, he sent one-half of his men to towns to the north, as it is that dis- the hut and the other half to the ves-, trict we are most likely to occupy next. sel. The Chinamen were brutally We started from Kabanut on Janu- murdered; their goods carried off and ary I4th, and after four days of hard their vessel burnt. The bodies were walking reached Mesi, some fifty or then taken up to the town, where a fifty-five miles north. The distance great cannibal orgy followed. The covered may not seem to be great, but goods and money taken from the vic- we were short of carriers, and we had tims were divided among the chief to engage fresh helpers at almost eve- men of the town.

ry town on the way. At one stage Some time afterward this same tribe of the journey we made a long detour picked a quarrel with the people of in order to avoid a most awkward Labau, a town a few miles to the coral reef, over which we should have south. The Mesians defeated Labau had to pass, and over which our men and did very considerable damage.

would never have been able to carrv Elated by their success they threatened our goc 1s and keep them dry. Then, Kana, but these people had no wish on the latter part of the way, we had to fight, so while making preparatIons wild storms of wind and rain, which to defend themselves and their homes added to our discomfort, made travel- they sent word to Namatanai praying ing heavy, threatened to spoil our the government official to come to goods, and kept us for hours at a their help. He came, with the result time without a dry thread upon us. that the people of Mesi were severely Thus, considering the difficulties un- but justly punished.

der which we traveled, we rather con- Guests of a Cannibal Chief gratulated ourselves when, on the fourth day, tired and dripping wet, To be the guests of a murderer, and we reached Mesi. cannibal chief, head of a tribe of mur- This town has a 1110st unenviable derers and cannibals, gives one a pereputation. They are a numerous and culiar feeling of uncertainty. When powerful tribe, and years after other we knew that we were to be the guests towns had given up fighting and can- of Gilam, we were somewhat curious nibalism, they still continued their to learn what kind of a man he was. old customs. One day, about four 'Ve knew he was not luxurious, and year's ago, there ran into the harbor quite understood that to be such a near Mesi a small trading-vessel, with man's guest meant that we must take two Chinamen aboard, who had come our own blankets, food and billy-can, to trade with the natives of the sur- and that we could have the use of the rounding district. They bought with house with all that was in it, viz: the intention of having a decidedly bamboo beds, ash-heaps, rats, cock- good profit, so that the people became roaches, and all the millions of in- angry and decided to have their goods sects that swarm in such places.

back again. A suggestion was also We were disappointed when we put forward to the effect that the saw GHam; he was an ordinary na- • From the A usb'alian lIfdltodist Jfr:~sionarJ' Rrvieu). tive, with far less personality than comfortable as possible, and we knew many other men in his town, and very there were many more natives who little more authority. But there was had prest into the hut or were standsomething about the man which we ing around the doorway, endeavoring could not define for a time. It was to get a glimpse of the guests. Then not until next dav that we found out the light went out. The next torch that this pecnliarity arose from the enabled us to find some dry clothing fact that the man never kept his eyes and towels. A wash was out of the still. They were always moving from question, but a good rub-down is betside to side, as those of a man who ter than nothing after a few hours in had hunted and who had been hunted. a drenching rain. Then the light went His Ii fe had developed in him a shifty, out. We managed to get off our wet afert, and treacherous look. For the clothing in the dark. The next light rest he was just as his fellows, per- allowed of very little progress being haps a little dirtier than some. His made as it soon flickered down, but pipe was always carried straight in our last view was of about fortv the center of his lips, and not at the pairs of eyes looking toward white side. His under-lip fell down to give men whose thoughts were divided beit a better resting-place, and the tween the insects swarming over their saliva ran down his pipe-stem and bare feet and the finding of some dry dropt upon his chin. clothing. It took us more than an hour to get settled for the night. Gilam's residence is situated almost in the center of Mesi, and is from Rain fell in torrents during the eighteen to twenty feet long' and about night, and when day broke there was twelve feet broad. The walls are a no abatement. Dy noon it ceased little higher than usual, being fully somewhat, and we succeeded in measfive feet high. But there are not uring and buying a small piece of many home comforts. The rain came land suitable for a teachers' station. through the roof in many places., Ve were disappointed at being unable spoiling a tin of biscuits and wetting to buy a larger piece suitable for a our boxes. Of course in a house of white man's station. The owner was this size there is only one apartment, not at home. Bv the time this was and when that is divided among finished it was toO' late in the afternoon twenty-five persons there is not much to go farther, so we prepared for rest. spare room for privacy. We arrived at Mesi tired and dripping wet, and Seven o'clock is rather early to go our first thoughts were of a change to bed, but we went because we had of clothing. Jt was dark and we had nowhere else to go. So as it was clark no lamp, but someone had prepared and wet outside, and darker still and torches made of cocoanut leaves. nearly as wet inside, we chose the These were lighted one at a time; each lesser of the two evils and went to bed. would flare and then almost die out, leaving us to grope in the clark as we In Danger might, until a fresh one was lighted. The first enabled us to get our boxes One comfort was left us: we could in order and to look around the hut. talk; and, while Mr. Fellmann and I There was a pile of firewood at our were cOIlversing, word was brought to end, two bamboo-beds about five feet us of another discussion vhich had by three, and two ash-heaps over taken place that afternoon. It seems which thousands of insects were that Jonitan Harum, one of the 'youngswarming. Vith the exception of a est teachers, and one who has a little spear or two stuck in the roof these knowledge of the dialect spoken by' comprized the furniture so far as we the Mesi people, had overheard a concould see. At the other end we heard versation which had taken place our men trying to make themselves as among a group of natives while we were measuring thc land. This con- versation was about the two' mission-

aries and the object of their visit; and port and decided to keep a sharp lookafter some talk, one of the party (for- out, for the writer woke up several getting, perhaps, for the moment, that times during the night, and every time Jonitan was one of our party, and found watchers on the alert. After knew something of their language) the creepy feelings about the roots of spoke thus: the hair, caused by the suddenness and unexpectedness of the news, had "But what have they come here for, passed off, we remembered that we and why are they marking any of our were in the hands of a Higher Power, land? It will be good if we rise and and that the question, "How can we?" kill them aIL" would require divine sanction before it could be answered as these wild "But," asked another, "how can people evidently desired. we? They are missionaries!" We were up at daybreak next morn- This answer was greeted by a laugh, ing, and having got our baggage and then seeing that Jonitan knew ready, returned to Labau, where we something of the meaning of their had breakfast. Next day (Sunday) talk, one of the men spoke angrily to we spent at Kono, glad of the rest, the maker of the proposal. But Jon- and, on Monday morning, crossed to itan had had his suspicions aroused. the east coast, arriving at Belik about Being a native, he was acquainted with 5 o'clock. Next morning we started most native customs, and he evidently north again, and, reaching Karu, we thought that there was something else bought a small piece of land suitable behind it all-that perhaps the one for a teachers' station, and went on who had spoken of killing the mission- to Labau. Here we bought another aries was merely expressing approval small piece of land, and as it was then at what had already been decided nearly dark we camped. Early next upon. However, he kept his counsel morning we commenced our return until a convenient time and then sent journey. another to inform us of what he had At Karu we found the chief of that heard. town had made a feast for us. Seek We had led twentv-three men there to excuse ourselves as we might, there was no denying that man. He had who had come ne~er dreaming of prepared food, and he intended that danger, or, if a thought of danger had we should eat at least a part of it. ever crossed their minds, they were Just when we thought we had given quite confident in the power of the the chief good .and sufficient reasons white men to protect them. Our in- for not staying, he turned, and pointtention had been to go about twenty- ing to the roasting pig and the heaps five miles to the north of Mesi, cross of vegetables, he said, "This food is the island, and return home down the our way of showing our love and reeast coast. After this warning, spect for you; how can you go and coupled with the bad character of the leave it?" How could we? As soon people. it would have been the great- as we could get away we posted on est folly to take those trusting men again, and that night we all slept· at farther north. So, swallowing our Kolouabui, one of our newest towns. disappointment, we decided, instead, Next morning Mr. Fellmann and I to return early on the morrow, and boarded a canoe and in four and a cross the island some twenty miles half hours reached Namatanai. south of Mesi. New Britain missionaries will remember how many have lost During the fortnight's trip we their lives by ignoring such warnings. walked two hundred miles. Added to They will remember, too, something this, Mr. Fellmann had come from of the anxiety which presses upon the Raluana to Kaban1tt, a distance of missionaries, who are held to some ex- quite forty miles, and, of course, would tent responsible for the lives of those have the same distance to return. who are under their charge. Some of our carriers had heard !onitan's re-

STORY OF A YOUNG GREEK*

BY ~ ~ISSIONARY IN ~SIA :MINOR A young Greek, whom we will they separated that night the young call Aristides, twenty-eight years man said, "You pray, and if the old, the son of a very wealthy and Lord sends me His Spirit I want to very worldly Greek, was zealous in pray, too." The preacher replied by the Orthodox Greek Church. Since quoting verses where the Lord his youth he has been one of the promised His grace to those that Greek Church choir or "intonators," seek his favor. iVhen the preacher but about two and a half years ago finished praying the young man he happened to enter our mission hesitated a second or two, and then chapel. As he heard something began to pour out his soul in a which seemed to him disrespectful prayer in Turkish. The Orthodox toward the Virgin Mary he never Church is ultraritualistic and all the came again until last fall, when he prayers are in ancient Greek. In all yielded to the rersuasion of a friend, his life the young man had never and this time was so much attracted prayed, altho he had often "recited"

that he decided to come regularly. prayers. In this prayer his words As he .is a near neighbor to the were simple, direct from the heart, preacher, he began to call on him and full of meaning. With marvelous and talk about Christian things. He insight he seemed to realize his own was teachable and very diligent in spiritual needs and to voice them in his inquiries, especially regarding the most direct form. Even in the the new birth, repentance, complete prayer the young man said, "0.

surrender, sin and its forgiveness, Lord, don't let me think that it is etc. One evening in the week he myself that am praying; it is only would come and take notes on the Thy Spirit speaking through me." It sermon of the last Sabbath, so that was almost midnight before they he might understand it more thor- separated.

oughly. When he had obtained a When Aristides reached home he good grip on it, he would go home found that his father had just fin- and talk it all over with his wife and ished a game of checkers. Kneeling, mother. he prayed for guidance and courage.

The young man's father was scan- It must be borne in mind that this dalized by all this, and administered was an "old-school" family, where a sharp reproof, charging the son the father lives, eats, sleeps: separate with disobedience in attending the from the rest of the family; they Protestant services. The father never sit in his presence, never said, "If you will be obedient to me speak except to answer his ques- in this, I will be to Y0lt a better tions, etc. As he entered his father father than ever before." The son glanced up with the Oriental greet- stayed away for some weeks, still, ing: "Is it peace? Is it peace :" The however, visiting the preacher's young man replied: "It is peace, house to write a synopsis of the ser- father; only give me your hand that mons. But when he found that his I may kiss it, and forgive me all my father was not in the least changed, past faults, for I am now your son and that it was only a trick to keep in deed and in truth." The father him away from the service, he began hesitated; but when he saw the to go again. On Friday, March earnestness of the SOl1 he yielded r6th, he came as usual to talk and and granted him forgiveness. Then take notes on the sermon. iVhen the young man cried out: ',);ow you .. Condensed from the Missionary Herald. There are reasons wh:y this in~er~sting s~ory shou~d be give,n here without names of places or persons. It comes from a prominent missionary 1n Asia MInOT, and 18 connected with a well~known out~station in that field.

are my father, and] am your S0n. others ?" Soon he said, "The Lord Let me pray about it." has heard my prayer, and I shall His father stared in astonishment, preach in the church next Sunday and replied: "vVhat are you thinking afternoon." With the consent of the of, boy? Everyone says his own priest he began that Sunday, taking prayers in private." The youth re- his text from the lesson of the day.

plied: "1 know, father, that you For one and one-half hours this man, would think it unfitting that you, a who had never studied, and was but father, should follow your son in a learner in Christian things, told prayer. Rut think of the example of what the Lord had done for him and Christ. He was God, vet He became was ready to do for all. Of course man. He was Master, 'yet He washed some of the men began to object to the dirty feet of His disciples. Vill "this way." They said he was you not condescend to pray with preaching Protestant doctrine and me ?" Strange to say, the father rose would soon ruin the Church; espe- and stood in the attitude of prayer; cially they said, "He does not de- the young man knelt at his feet and clare that the Orthodox Greek poured out his soul in prayer. At Church is the only true Church."

its conclusion he sat down near his Being very humble and very earnest, father and said: "Father, none of Aristides was ready to speak in our family have repented and found houses and to individuals if they peace in Jesus. Let us gather for closed the Church to him.

family prayers, and perhaps the In his family life a marvelous Lord will bless us." Then he prayed change had come over the father; he again, anel they retired for the night. became gentle; he would call his After rising and having his private children lovingly and by name-a devotions. "risticles gathered all the thing he had never done before. He family for prayers. A brother, began to read "Pilgrim's Progress"

twenty-two years old, refused to most carefully and to ask questions come ill. but finally consented to as to its teachings.

stand near the door. Everybody The priest seems well-disposed realized that it would be next to im- toward Aristides, allowing him to possible to get the father in; but the' preach in the church when he will, young man said, "God will soften only asking him not to go to the his heart: he will come." When all Protestant chapel the days he is to was ready 102 went to his father and preach. One day he had a colloquy said, "Come, father; all is ready." with the priest something like this: • His father replied, "Where?" "Father, wllo can receive the gift ",Vhere YOll promised me last of the Holy Ghost?"

night," he replied, and then went "Only the clergy; it is their right."

right in among the rest and began "Has our archbishop received the a simple, earnest prayer. The brother Holy Ghost?"

at the door came in and joined "Is it possible to doubt it?"

them; the mother began to weep; "What sign is there to show that a sister, who had been bitterly op- he has received it?"

poseel, begged that she might be "His office and his official robes; prayed for; and the father, too, are not these sufficient proof?"

joined them, thus making the circle "May no one else receive it?"

complete. Each day this continued. The priest was confused and re- Aristides urged them all to repent- plied, "I suppose others can receive ance. it, too."

Our yOllng friend continued to Then the young man replied: preach to his own household; soon "Praise the Lord! The Lord has the thought came to him, "Vhy not given me His Spirit, and I can preach pay for grace that I may preach to the Gospel."

MISSIONARY AT WORK-II*

BY REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D.

Author of "The Foreign Missionary,l1 Ie New Forces in Old China,'~ etc.

Evangelistic Work fast the next morning, when we lll-, All forms of the work are supposed quired for Doctor McGilvary, we to be evangelistic in spirit and in aim. learned that he ami 1'Ir. Collins had Educational work is designed to reach been in the village for an hour disthe children for Christ and to train tributing tracts and inviting the peomen for the ministry and other forms ple to come to a service at ten o'clock.

of Christian work. Literary work What a service it was, under a spread- prepares and publishes the Bible and ing tree, with the mighty forest about a helpful literature that all may know us, the monkeys curiously peering the Gospel by the printed page as through the. tangled vines and the well as by the spoken word. Medical wondering people sitting on the work is intended not only to relieve ground while Mr. Dodd told them the suffering but to do it in Christ's name deathless story of redeeming love.

and in such ways that the patients will But Doctor McGilvary was not there.

accept Christ. But of course there is Seventy-four years old tho he was, much work that is distinctively and he had walked, under a scorching sun, solely evangelistic. to another village, three miles distant, There is much direct preaching of and was preaching there. I said: "If the Gospel. While there are some that is the way the Laos missionaries large churches, an increasing number rest, what do they do when they indeed, in which there is stated for- work ?"

mal preaching in the sense to which The new missionary should go to we are accustomed at home, yet the the field expecting to take some part main evangelistic work is done in less in this itinerating work. Even if his pretentious but even more effective specific assignment is to medical or ways. In humble street chapels, in educational work, he can and should crowded bazaars, in secluded zenanas, not only seek to lead his patients or from house to house and on long pupils to Christ, but he should seek country tours, the message is pro- opportunities for an occasional tonr claimed. The itinerations often oc- among the outlying villages. Such a cupy several months, and include tour will bring him into closer touch the visitation of hundreds of villages. with the people. enable him to bring All sorts of conveyances are used. By the Gospel to some who might not oth- elephants and camels and horses and erwise hear of it and at the same time donkeys, by junks and house-boats and it will keep his own spiritual zeal canoes, by wheelbarrows, and jinrik- warm and rich.

ishas and bandy-carts, occasionally by The missionaries whose direct as- bicycle and railroad, but more often signment is to evangelistic work on foot, climbing over hills, wading should give as much time to itineration through rivers of water and sloughs as circumstances will permit. lfis- of mud, in winter and summer, the sionaries themselves frankly write of missionaries preach Jesus. The man- the danger that they encounter at this ner and the message are everywhere point. They candidly admit that the the same-the patient, earnest, loving temptation is strong to become ab- presentation of the Word of God. sorbed by the various phases of in- There are no bounds to the zeal of stitutional and station work-that it the itinerant missionary. After a . is so easy to sit down in a school or toilsome journey on elephants through hospital, to become a pastor of a na- the Laos jungles, we stopt for the tive church or to stay at home and Sabbath. "Now," we said, "we can write a book-and so hard to leave have a day of rest." But at break- one's family and endure the physical *See Septenlber REVIEW for Part 1.

privations and mental annoyances in- be encouraged to continue it, and cident to itinerating. But more of their number should be increased. this work must be done if the heathen are to hear and accept the Gospel. The boards should give the more Christ Himself signally honored this important central stations such a form of missionary effort, for He de- force that, with diminishing their voted no small part of His ministry country work, thev could more efto itinerating. So did Paul and his fectively work the' cities. The diffiapostolic associates. In discussing the culties are great: they always have factors in the remarkable development been. But the city dominates the of missionary work in Korea, the country now as much as it did in Rev. Dr. S. A. Moffett assigns the first Paul's time, and in Asia -as much as place to "the wide-spread preaching in America. If we are to evangelize of the Gospel message in its sim- the non-Christian world we must not plicity." neglect the centers of its life. The Roman Catholics entrench themselves The large centers of population, in cities, and while we should not imihowever, should not be deemed less tate their cathedrals or many of their important than the country districts. methods, we may at least recognize The tendency of many of the missions their wisdom in this respect. has been to develop work in the villages rather than in the cities. This For all this work, the wise missionis natural, for the farmers and small ary selects the vital themes of the Gosshop-keepers, who form the greater pel. When face to face with rank part of the village population, are heathenism there is no time for doubts more open to the Gospel. Life is sim- or secondary truths. In such circumpler, temptations fewer, distractions stances, and in none other, for that smaller, faith easier than in the cities matter, sin is not "the metamorphosis where worldliness and vice and of transformation" or "the pathheathenism and race prejudice are ological diagnosis of devitalization." often fiercely intensified. It is harder Preach about sin and atonement, the to make an impression on a great city need of men and the love of God. The than on a small town. There is a inspired direction of the prophets of larger mass of hostile or indifferent old is still in force: "Gird up thy public opinion to be faced by the in- loins,-and speak unto them all .that I dividual convert, while it is far more command thee" (Jer. i: 17), "whether difficult for him to observe the Sab- they will hear or whether they will bath. Of course, this is the history forbear" (Ezek. ii: 7). of Christian work the world over, at home as well as abroad. But on the Let us not be misled by the idea foreign field the eagerness to obtain that men will be converted wholesale immediate results, the pressure from by any patent device. An eminent and the home churches to report conver- sincere worker in China says that sions, the greater willingness of the present missionary methods remind villagers to hear the Gospel, the fre- him of the old-time sexton who went quently remarkable way in which the about a church and lighted each lamp Spirit of God has moved upon vil- separately, and that we ought to adopt lages, and the inexorable fact that the method of the modern sexton, workers have been too few to preach who goes behind the pulpit and touches everywhere, have combined to lead a button. "Convert a dozen of China's the missionaries away from the cen-· leaders," he cries, "and YOLt will conters. For this wide itineration the vert China." I do not believe in that missionaries deserve great credit. It kind of conversion. I sympathize involves separation from the family, rather with James Gilmour who, in a and often much physical hardship. letter shortly before his death, wrote: Those who have been doing it should "I am becoming mG~e and more im- prest with the idea that what is wanted in China is not new, lightning meth-

IlSSIOXARY AT WORK

ods so much as good, honest, quiet, the Gospel upon human life, it is earnest, persistent work in old lines surely within his prOV111ce to show and ways. Some changes in method them not only how to be saved for are indeed required, but not those that the future, but how to live for the involve the abandonment of Christ's present. As a matter of fact, mission- method of dealing with men." aries have done this and are doing it To what extent should missionary in all lands.

work include efforts at social reform? A signal instance of the wise use- This is a disputed question among fulness of the missionary in matters missionaries themselves. Some urge of reform occurred in Siam. Gam- that the missionary should not con- bling is the national vice of Siam. It cern himself at ali with such move- was licensed and even encouraged by ments, his efforts being to instil in the the government. The monopoly of minds of men the great formative prin- the gambling place in every town was ciples of the Christian religion, and auctioned off to the highest bidder.

then leave those principles to work The successful concessionaire erected their own legitimate results through a large building in a central location.

saved men. They urge that Christ Music and theatrical performances and His apostles followed this meth- added to the attractiveness of the od, and inasmuch as sin is the root place, and, particularly in the evenings, difficulty, the missionary in solving the almost the whole population assembled.

problem of sin is really bringing to There were one hundred and three the heathen the ultimate solution of all large gambling houses throughout their moral problems. the interior of Siam, besides a great On the other hand, there are those number in Bangkok, the capital. The who insist that the missionary can demoralizing consequences can be not be indifferent to the practical ap- readily understood.

plication of the principles of the Gos- This vice was vigorously combated pe! to human society; that when or- by the missionaries led by the Rev.

phans in India are starving in time of Dr. Eugene P. Dunlap, who had large famine, the first duty of the mission- influence with all classes. They were ary is to provide needed nourishment powerfully reinforced by the Hon.

for the body and not simply to tell Hamilton King, the American minis- them about the Gospel and leave them ter, a man of high Christian character to die; that when opium-smoking in who has won the respect and confi- China is a bar to the progress c! the dence of the Siamese Government.

Gospel, it is the duty of the mission- Doctor Dunlap and Mr. King frank- ary to ally himself with the effort to ly represented to the king that the remove that bar; and that where the gambling habit was inimical to the blind, the insane, the deaf and dumb best interests of Siam and that the are wholly uncared for, the mission- money that the government derived ary who passes "by on the other side" from it was obtained at a ruinous cost exposed himself to the indignant cen- to character and legitimate industry.

sure which Christ and the whole The king listened and the result was Christian world since His day have the issuance of a royal decree, Janimposed upon the heartless, hypocrit- uary, 1905, ordering the abolition of ical "priest" and "Levite." these gambling concessions by April, It seems to us that extreme views 1907· in either direction are to be avoided But while a missionary may very and that the mediate course is the properly interest himself in such re- proper one. The Gospel was intend- form movements, care should be taken ed to save men both for this life and not to give them too much time and, for the life to come, and when a mis- in particular, not to allow them to sionary goes among people who are take the place of the more direct and wholly ignorant of the bearings of vital forms of missionary work. The

missionary is preeminently a man who best. In the words of the Rev. Dr.

is working at the iounclations of char- Charles Cuthbert Hall: "The mission- acter and morals. and useful as he ary, to be appreciated, should be seen may be as a reformer he will make on his own ground. The missionary a great mistake if he becomes a re- on furlough is at a disadvantage. Too fonner only. often he is overshadowed at home by It is apI;arent from what has been the official dignity of boards and com- statcd that missionary work is not mittees; he appears unrelated to the easv. The successful missionarv must local interests of Vestern commit- be -a hard worker. His task ii great tees; he represents things of which ancl difficult Both he and the Church many Westerners are densely ig- at home must recognize the fact that norant, and toward which they ex- this is not a crusade whose object is hibit a pitiful indifference. The mis- to be attained by a magnificent spurt. sionary feels all this, and is ill at ease. Error and superstition are so inter- If one would know him as he is, one woven with the whole social and political fabric of the non-Cllristian should see him in the environment of world that Christianity seems to it to his work, the administrator, the guide, be subversive. For a long time other the spiritual leader, the man of love faiths were indifferent to the Gospel, and grace; his influence a commanding but as priests see more ancl more power, his spirit the gentleness of Christ."

clearly what changes Christianity in- volves, indifference is giving place to alarm. The ethnic religions are therefore setting themselves in battle ar- THE WORLD AS THE MISSIONARY ray. It would be foolish to ignore MEETS IT their power. foolish to imagine that We must prosecute our work amid we are seeing the last of Buddhism in changed conditions, people at home Japan and Siam, of Confucianism in no longer under illusions as to what China, of Brahmanism in India, the heathen are, and the heathen no and of ::Iohammedanism in Turkey. longer under illusions as to what we Heathenism will die hard. are. The romance of missions in the popular mind has been dispelled, and The world. the flebil and the devil the missionary is 110t now a hero to arc in Asia as well as in :".merica, and the average Christian. Ve do not fighting- harder. It is no holiday task confront a cringing heathenism, but to which we have set ourselves. We an aroused and militant Asia which are engaged in a gigantic struggle in has awakened to a new consciouswhich there are against us "the prin- ness of unity and poweL The old is cipalities. the powers, the world rulers passing away and a new created of this darkness." :"Jeee! ha.ve we of world springs up, but a world that patience, of determination, of "the is not Christian. The Japanese vicstrength of His might and the whole tory over Russia has enormously inarmor of Goe!." ife must sternly creased this spirit so that to-day not face our task in the spirit of the man only Japan but China and India and who, as Browning said, .c. • • never turned his back, but marched Turkey are aflame with the spirit of hreast-forward; resistance to the white man's domi- nation. Asia for the Asiatic is now ="ever doubted clouds would break; the cry, and we must reckon with it.

)fever dreamed, tho rig'ht were worsted, wrong would triumph; Held we fall to rise, He baffled to fight . Thus while some difficulties such as better, Sleep to wake." physical hardships and isolation have diminished, new obsbc1es of a In the conduct of this vast and va- formidable character have emerged.

ried work, the missionary is .1t his REV. A. J. IlROWN.

EDITORIALS

THE POWER OF HUMAN TESTIMONY knowing well what the result would be.

Some would depreciate the need Xow I see distinctly He helps me every of the living voice, in missionary day, Vhil~ receiving nothing in shape of compensatlOll.

work, because the Vonl of God is ~ .send herewith it money order for 25 now so abundantly and cheaply fur- shlllll1gs. Please buy as many copies of nished in over 400 languages and "Marked Testament" as thc amount will dialects, that it ma " be used as God's permit and distribute them free among OU.r Messenger to the l~ations. But God's brothers and sisters, still in darkness. May God the Father give them will and sight to purpose is clearly indicated in the lind the truth by themselves. One copy you two parables in ::Uatthew xiii. In gave me produced so many copies of interthe first, the "seed is the 'vVorc! of est, so I hope I will also be successful as God"; but in the second, "the good you have been. God will help us to sow the same rate of interest this time also as our seed are the children of the king- object is to promote Christian faith.' (Signed) R. D. de S – . dom" ; and He uses both in the world District Hospital, Dimbulla, C!?ylon. field. vVe must not forget th<1 t the eunuch of Ethiopia. with the scrip- THE POWER OF INTERCESSION tures open before him, and devoutly A well-known and intimate friend reading, said: "How can I under- of ':lrs. Stowe has given to the public stand what I read, except some mall an incident so pathetic and instructive should guide me?" Has not God or- that it ought to have rwriedaedsetrcs umrraeyncbv~' dained that experiellce shall be 1111 ex- and tho many of ou positor, and that the believer, whose familiar with it, we here put t on rec- heart and life have learned the sa- onl for the sake of a much larger ving, sanctifying power of the word. number 'ho need its inspiration: shall interpret it to the inquirer? During the latter part of her life THE POWER OF THE WORD :J rs. Stowe's consecration took high forms. She put great faith in prayer, A native of Ceylon recently wrote to and gave herself to the kind of dedia woman in Ceyl~n who had "given him cation which exercises and cultivates a Marked Testament: it. One, very dear to her, seemed I read it at lirst with a critical eye, and sinking away from the faith in which found man" mistakes and impossibilities: she trusted, and to which life and sor- I certainly'expected to lind better things, row had tanght her to cling as only as 1 then respected Christ as an able ,'u- those who have suffered and doubted thor of a religion-especially of onc pmfest and accepted can. by so many people, in all. parts of the world-so I continued my reading it m'er This prospect was a crushing grief and over again, paying greater attention to and she set herself resolutely to avert the mistakes and impossibilities I found ill the calamit'. Letter after letter- some. thirt)' pages long-found its it. The reading of it was very uninterest- way from her pen to the foreign town ing and tiresome for about two years. in "'hich German rationalism was do- About the third year, I began to like and respect the little Book and its Author. This time I did not find a single lIlistake or illl- ing its worst for the soul she loved. possibility in it. About December last. I She set the full force of her intellect intelligently to work. She reasoned. changed my faith altogether, but I feared wrote. argued. pleaded. Months to tell it to nw relatiws who are staunch Buddhists. ~~w I have no fear for any- body 2.S to my change of faith. I am sorry passed in what seemed a vain effort. I did not become a Christian earlier. I Then she laid aside her pen, and have received God's help several times when it was needed. The Almighty God as the season of the sacred holiday apand most mercifnl Father has changed me proached, shut herself from all but wonderfully. I was a victim of vices be- God. and prayed as onlv such a fore the change-now I am afraid to think woman can. As she had "set the full of doing bad, as I am watched by the force of her intellect. so now she set Father. It is a hard thing to yiolate the the full power of her faith, to work bws of a country in the eyes of its ntlcr,

1.IISSlO)i.RY REVIEW OF THE WORLD l ;..;ovelllber

upon her soul's desire. Une may not something cantagioLs and in fectious elwell in words upon that s~cred about the war spirit. Even woman's battIe. mind and heart, constitutionally keener But the beautiful part of the story, in sympathetic sensibilih· to human as I have been told it, is that a few suffering, becomes hardeiied and even weeks after this a letter reached her, obdurate ill the midst of the carnival saying only; "At Christmas time a of blood. During the revolution, light came to me. I see things dif- those awful years of slaughter, from ferently now. I see my yay to ac- 1789 to 1795, French women kept in cept the faith of m)" fathers; and the theit boudoirs miniature guillotines helief ill Christianity, which is every- for the decapitation of dolls, from thing to YOll, has become reasonable ,"hose severed necks issued a red fluid and possible to me at last." imitating blood. In the late Boer Var, E. s. PHELPS. a British soldier wrote a letter home which found its way into the Jll~bli~ THE EVANGELIST AND THE INFIDEL press, boasting that, after a battle, he Ready wit sometimes is more went about with his bayonet, "finishpowerful than any argument, and ing" a score or more of "fellows" ridicule is a mighty weapon if wisely weltering in their blood! Vhat would used. Jedediah Burchard, the bril- be thought of any s11ch act of whole- sale murder-and murder of the helpliant evangelist of the middle years less and unresisting-anywhere but on of the 19th century, who swept like the battle-field! a flame over New York and K ew England, was holding great prayer- Vhen ,,"ill men learn the beauty of meetings at Danbury, Conn" before that Arab motto-that "the staff of his preaching ser-rices. And at one Omar was more dreaded than the of these crowded prayer services, sword of his predecessors," and that when many were asking prayers for sublime saying of Bishop Lightfoot ullsaved relatives, and friends, and a that our Lord tanght us how "the conyoung man had earnestly besought vicfs gibbet is the victor's car"!

prayer for an aged father, a blatant THE FINAL OUTCOME AT THE HAGUE infidel who haunted the meetings simply to interrupt, jumped up ariel :.'11ud1 confidence was reposed in said, "Mr. Burchard! I want to ask Joseph II. Choate; the gifted leader prayers for-the Dc~'il /" "Go right of the American delegation at the on praying, hrethren," said Mr. Hague Peace Conference, that he Burchard, "this man also wants his would use his strong personalitv and father praycd for '" That interrupter vigorous advocacy to make this' gTeat neyer again was heard at a meeting. representative body a "parliament of A vvise use of the ludicrous is often man, a federation· of the world," for a great help in dealing yith those the accomplishment of Te1l11""On's whom no other means can reach. But lofty ideal, the spiking of guns, the it must be in careful hands, like any furling of battle-flags, and the sub- other sharp tool. stitution of peaceful mediation for IN THE INTEREST OF PEACE the arbitrament of the S"orcl. iIr.

Choate did not fall behind popular It must be a strange sort of a Chris- expectations in his earnestness and tian, or even human being, who can efficiency. But peace as yet can regard with indifference the attempts scarce! ,. be said to have settled down of leading monarchs, statesmen and lIpon the world, like a dove. .iIr.

philanthropists to establish "A Parlia- Choate urged the creation of a per- ment of ~len, a Federation of the manent, international High Court of VorJd" in the interests of the aboli- justice, and declared that for sllch a tion or at least the abatement of the l)()dy of delegates to acknowledge horrors and terrors of war. There is their inability to effect snch result

EDITORIALS

n)Uld be a disgrace to theL intelli- ence. representing 5,641 persons in gence, capacity and integrity. In Scotland, 151,884 in England, inclu- fact there were rumors that he had ding 23 members of Parliament, 58,145 stated that he would not leave the (;ennans. and 2.000,000 Americans, Hague while such result hung 111 the inc1lHlillg the membership of many balance. societies represented by the signatures of ufficials. The getting of signatures There ma- be SOll1e difficulty ill the occupied months of persistent effort final constittltion of this High Court. on the part of :'Iliss .-1111a B. Eckstein :0 little diplomacy mar be needful and her coVorkers in Scotland, Great to adjust it so as to suit all the con- Britain and Germany. The first stituency which must be united in its names were affixt in january, 1907, support. But we believe it is coming. at a meeting of the A.merican Peace ,. small committee was constituted Societ-. and Hall. Rohert Treat to consider the allotment of judges, Paine: its president. and Dr. Benand they agreed upon at least two jamin F. Trueblood, its secretary, basal principles: first. the equality of headed the list. The petition reads as all states in their election; and sec()lld- 11-, the supreme criterion. their el1i- follows: l1ence as jurists. apart from con- The uude rsiglle<i respectfully express sideration of natiollalit-. : rr. Choate their earnest .{ish that at this seconcl I-Tague Conference a Gelleral Arbitration said: Treat}' he agreed upon. hy virtue of which it will hec0111c a matter uf honor with each Sp~aking for the t:nitell Slales 1 "lJl1ld nation to refer all international disputes he perfectly willing to cntrust the fortunes which can 110t lw se!lled through the diplo- of the conrt and the success of the con- matic sen-ice to the Yodel Tribunal at The ference in creating it to the result of such llagnc for it1'c,tigation anel settlement. an election. So snre am 1 that the estab- lislullent of this court would he a great THE WORK OF THE Y.M.C.A. triumph for civilization and justice and an effectual guarantee for the peace of the ..t the sixty-third anniversary of the world that 1 urge with all the earnestness Young :'I[e11 's Christian Association, of which I am capable the adoption of one the London, .ssociatiol1 bade farewell uf the proyisional schemes now snggested. to Exeter II all. The editor-in-chief made the closing address. speaking of The conference has a(lopted certain the Young :'If en's Christian .-ssocia- "ar rules, one of the 1110St important tioll~its era, its great cxalll/,/c, and being that hostilities must not beg-ill its magnificent crra/ld. withol1t l1nequivocal notice "hich shall be c01Jlmunicated yithuut cklay :5 to its era, of all the golden ages of to all the neutral Powers. Other pro- history, the Victorian age has been the forevisions relate to the rights and dnties most in achic'ement. eclipsing the age of of neutral states in time of war. Dr. the Pharaohs in Egypt, of Leo X. in Italy, Edward Everett Hale says: of Ferdinand and Isabella in Spain, of Louis XIV. in France. and Ivan IV. in vVe need not trouble ourselves about the Russia. Gladstone said that ten years ill o·uns and the torpcdoes. We know per- the Victorian efa for general achievement kelly well ' hat t he machinery of war and progress eclipsed the entire history of means. that the Dreadnoughts and the the world previously. Stupendous achievetorpedoes-these things 011 which we spend ments are possible to-day, absolutely im- $.,00,000,000 every year-will all he in the possible in a thous:l11d years previous to the waste heap before the Ilext forty years arc coming of our Lord, so that men and W0111gone by. Things always perish-the i,lea en ma,- no' be practical giants by the is eternal. mighty instrumentalities and facilities that God has put at their 'lisposa1. Of all the THE GREATEST PETITION AT THE achievements of the Victorian era, none, HAGUE CONFERENCE perhaps, in the moral and religious sphere, eclipse the Young .v1e11·s Christian Asso- ..S an international expressioll to ciation which 1 joined in l"ew York over 1)]"()1l1ote international arbitratio1l. a tifty years ago. It hdped mc at a critical 11etitinn WJS laid before the COllf('"- period of Ii fe; 11 ('1 p(' II to keep 111e within

moral and religious restraints; turned my BOURNEVILLE-A MODEL CITY attention anew toward the ministry; he1!led to train me in debate; to bring me into hal- Mr. George Cadbury, of Birming- lowed associations; it helped my heart, ham, of cocoa fame, is also a Chris- tian philanthropist. Forty years conscience and will. ago he began in Birmingham an The Young Men's Christian Association adult Bible class, still flourishing, which meets at 8 A. M. every Sun- has been a great Ull ificr to the Christian day, and, with its branches, has a Church. It represents those things in which membership of 1,800. Mr. Cadbury all evangelical believers are united; what comes into town, five miles, to break- things separate us are, by its very constitu- fast with his teachers at 7 o'c1ock- tion, kept out of sight. That great man who this man who has 4,000 men and is uplifting the whole negro race in Amer- women in his employ. ica, Booker Washington, in opening the great Charlestown Exhibition said, speaking Xot content to run a great manu- of the negro and the white races: "They facturing business on Bible prin- may be as separate as the fingers on my ciples, he has been the actual creator hand, but like the fingers on my hand, they of this model city, a suburb of Bir- ought to cooperate in everything true, and mingham, and adjoining the cocoa noble, and pure for the advancement and works. This has cost $1,000,000, and uplifting of the human race." So the Young is entirely independent of his busi- Men's Christian Association has found out ness, tho probably most of the that we may be as separate as the fingers householders are in his employ. He of the hands, but we ought to combine in seeks no financial returns, for it is concentric efforts for the uplifting of hu- not a business venture, and is so manity. That is one of the greatest things guarded by a board of trustees, that ever done for the Christian Church. it can never be turned to individual profit. It is self-supporting, how- Few realize what the power of this Lon- ever, and yields a profit that will go dOll Association has been. One of the fore- to establish other model settlements. most generals in the Japanese army, and one of the admirals in the Japanese navy, Bourneville numbered 600 houses were both of them presidents in turn of the last year and nearly 3,000 people. Young :Ien's Christian Association in con- Each lot has a ganlen with fruit nection with the Annapolis Military School trees, the house covering a quarter where they studied, and this Association of the lot, being ornamental and at has achieved triumphs the world over. a minimum rent. Over 300 appli- cants can not yet be housed. Exeter Hall is to become a thing of the past. Every particle of wood and wall has, :'IIr. Cadbury believes God made . in a sense, a new quality from the sacred the land for man at large and not eloquence that has rung through this hall for the few monopolists. He spares from some of the most illustrious men, dead 110 pains to provide cheap, healthy, or living. This place seems the one place and happy homes. The death rate that ought not to have passed from under is only about eight-nineteenths of the pos,;ession and control of the Christian the rate in Birmingham, painful ail- ments ~il1g especially rare. There Church. For seventy-six years it has been are 110 liquor saloons in this model connected with philanthropic, religious and city and no slums. The settlement missionary work, the Ol1e evangelical and is founded on the great laws of God evangelistic center of the whole world. It given to Moses, carried out in the would be a shame were there anv trouble in the erection of this ilCW building for the spirit of JeStlS Christ. Mr. Cad- Young :VIcn's Christian Association. bury's idea is one of brotherly service This great new building shonld be tri- and a sharing of the blessings of ml1phantly erected. These are no times for nrosperity. hesitation or delay. The enemy is massing all his forces. Let the Christian Church rally to the standard of King Immanuel, pierce the center of the enemy, turn his staggermg wings, and sending along' the whole liue of battle the imperial clarion call of duty and privilege in the service of God, move on with all her hosts in an over- whelming charge and drive the enemy from the gate.

MISSIONARY

AMERICA-SOUTH AND NORTH tiling-toll Fund would support the pro- posal with a gift of iI.OOO a year, The Neglected Continent The Arthington Committee, after careful deliberation, have consented to The Bishop of the Falkland Islands, s~nd out a missionary party to invesin the Soutlz American Jlissiollan tIgate and report lipan the prospects of M agazille, makes a strong plea for this a new mission to the heathen tribes of neglected land : South America, They have granted the necessary subsidv on the under- "The needs of South America!" How standing that the que~tion of the adopgreat and pathetic they are! The world's tion of the mission, after the initial empty continent-the hope of the future- effort, be left for subsequent decision, the home to be of millions of Europeans who are already beginning to flow there in Home Mission Work in Foreign Potts a steady stream-it is withont true religion, and does not recognize its danger! The Foreign ~Iission Boards of the The form of the faith prevalent is the L'nited States and Canada have weakest and most corrupt known, and it is initiated a new foreign mlSSlonarv impossible to believe that the rising young work. They have appointed a cOlnnationalities of the continent can long be mittee to look after the religious needs content with it. Indeed, they are 110t content of American and English communities with it now, What hope is there for Ar- in foreign ports to cooperate with the gentina, for example-that Spanish-speak- Christian men and women in these ing United States of the future-without communities in the building and maintrue religion? tenance of union churches, Robert E. Speer and Harn V, Hicks are mem- What part have English people to bers of that committee. At the presbear in this? There are at least 50,- ent time the committee is seeking, at 000 British in Argentina alone, and the request of the union churches in 10,000 in Chile, Clergy and teachers, Kobe and Yokohama, good men to churches and schools, are needed in act as pastors for these churches, and many places for our own people, jf is soliciting also financial help to the they are to be saved from lapsing- extent of, $2,600 for the current year, from the faith, The South American to supplement what these churches are Missionary Society, recognizing this themselves able to provide, with the need, is increasing the number of its expectation that within a few vears chaplaincies, but a much greater in- they will both be self-supporting~ crease is needed than the society is at present in a position to attempt. Bibles for Foreigners and New Americans The aboriginal races of South The N ew York Bible Society makes America have not yet received their an interesting appeal for its' work. -share of even that ~ery poor and in- Xew York City is now adding 316 adequate amount of obedience vhich people every day to its population, has been yielded to our Lord in this There are, or were, when the appeal matter. There has been less mission- was sent to the printer, 1,524,000 ary enterprise in South America than foreign-born and 1,687,000 born of in other parts of the world. I be- foreign parents, leaving le§ than 1,- lieve the majority of the popldation in 000,000 of the population as Ameri- Peru and Bolivia is Indian, What a cans of the second generation, There grand field for Christian enterprise! are now 978 Protestant churches, with sittings for 675,000 people. Com- A New Mission for South America pared with three years ago, Manhattan has 2 fewer Protestant churches, 5 Mr, Philip Cadby, of England, has more Roman Catholic, and 18 more promised £2,000, with further prom- Jewish synagogs, ises for the future, if the Baptist 11issionary Society of England will inaugurate an effort on behalf of the Neglected Continent. After prayerful consideration, the Committee has agreed to open the work if the .1'-

~IISSI():'~R" REV1FW OF T1IE 'OH.LD /:occl1lber

Vacation Bible Schools 111likrl study this S1111JIltT reached The value of Bible study is l'wVt'd ncarly 600 and the enthusiasm and by daily experience. and the plan of in~erest 1"e1'e so great that a com- daily religious teaching of the chil- 1111ttee of arrangements has been ap- dren in the cities in vacation Bible pointed by the Chautauqua manage- schools has been so successful in .:e" ment in conference with the Central York City since its inauguration in Committee on the unitecl study of 1901, that the Board of the Xational missions, insuring a prominent and Fe.deration of Churches this year ap- permanent place on the programs of p01l1ted Rev. R G. Boville national the Chautauqua assembh·. This is the director of the movement in order that third year of lectures ;111 these text- it might be extended to other cities. books at Chautauqua and the demand Last slimmer twcnh"-three churches has steadily increased for this depart- and other building; in Xew York ment of work by the women who were daily used for children's Bible spend their vacations at this greatest schools. This is one way to solve of summer schools.

the immigration problem, the anarchist The lectures this year were g'iven problem, the social evil problem, and by Mrs. ~Wi1Iiam A. Montgomery and hundreds of other evils. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody and were Altho the National Committee was largely attended.

appointed only in May, the local With the hearty approval and sup- Church Federation committees were port of the management the Central organized within four weeks in these Committee will arrange next year for two cities. in the interest of Vacation courses of lectures on methods in mis- Schools for Children. In Philadel- sionary work and on the text-book phia twelve schools enrolled 3,868 chil- l1nsurpassed at any of the summer dren and 1,117 were in average daily conferences of missions. Circulars attendance. Each of the I, 117 chil- will be issued in due time giving full dren spent thirty hour5 during July particulars. These can be obtained and Angnst in Bible study and song. from mission boarcls or the manage- and thirty hours in manual work, sl1ch ment at Chautauqua, Xew York.

as hammock-making, raffia work, and Similar summer schools of mission sewing, in which the steady purpose study were held this year also at of the schools was to produce and de- Northfield, Mass., and Vinona, Ind.

velop Christian character. A Men's Missionary Convention To seek to chronicle the destiny woven bv these twelve Vacation Bible Another large men's mIssIOnary Schools 'into the lives of the children convention is to be held in Philadel- of Philadelphia would he vain, but if phia, February lIto 13, 1908, under order and industry; if music and the auspices of the Presbyterian Boarcl friendship instead of street clamor; if of Foreign Mis.sions. There is prom- better words and deeds; if the Lord's ise of as great a gathering as tbat Prayer and the Ten Commandments; which met at Omaha last year.

if child memories stored with heaven's Episcopal Men's Thank-offering message interpreted by loving culti- vated Christian friends is of any avail, It seems probable that N ew York then more than 3,800 of these children and Pennsylvania will give at least will remember in years to come the $200,000 each in ,the Episcopal Men's Daily Vacation Bible Schools of 1907. Thank-offering. The offering from Missions at Chautauqua Massachusetts promises to be about $60,000. In the individual parishes.

Vomen of W~estern New York, the Church of the Advent, Boston.

Pennsylvania, Ohio and Canada now will have an offering of $10,800.

have a summer school of missions at Trinitv and Emmanuel, Boston, also Chautauqua. The registration for report" $h,OOO and $3,000, respectively.

C;E:ERL :'IllSS10X:1{Y

The larg-t.'~;t lJfoportlOnatc gltt IS evi- known since becoming an American (lentl that of tht Church of the Re- Congregationalist. deem-cr, Chestnut Hill, whose men ex- pect to make an offering of at least The call was issued bv the officers $3,600. That gifts on behalf of the ()f thc Congregational Education So- M. T O. are not confined to well-to-do ciety and Prof. Calvin Clark, of Ban- Churchmen is evidenced, in part at gor Seminary presided. least, b' the assurance that the lads and yot~ng men of the Cuttington Col- The discussion followed more or legiate and Divinity School at Cape less closely the outline suggested ill Palmas, Liberia, have had the matter the speech of welcome by President in mind. Xinety-three of the 111 Campbell, of the Education Society, pupils have made offerings ranging which was as follows: from three to ninet–six cents. Their gifts, with those o(some of the teach- 1. The various groups of foreigners in ers, make a total of $20.52 from this om country and their location, particularly missionary outpost. .-gain Bishop with reference to the existing institutions Brent writes of the band of twentv -namely, Scandinavian, German, Slavie, Chinese communicants in one of tile the Latin Group, the Finns and Poles, also Manila missions yho have sent him the Southern Whites. $39, with the request that it be desig'- nated for St. John's College, Sha11ghai. 2. (a) The pastoral needs of each group- -Spirit of Missions. that is, a thoroughly trained ministry of men, or of women helpers. (b) What is The Presbyterian Home Boa~d the range of instruction required by tht' several nationalities? (c) The equipment Here is a summan- of the work ()f which we now have as a denomination. (d) the Board of Home -lIissions for thc The work done by the separate institutions year April 1, 1906, to ::Iarch 3 T, I <)07. for the distinctive groups. together with some items of penl1anent equipment employed in the IHJrk: 3. (a) Where do the burdens rest most heavily? (b) Where are the demands most !umber of churches aided by the Board. urgent? (c) Possibilities of adjustment and 1,505; number of missionaries, including 39 realignment of work. Cuban. Porto Rican, :Mexican and Indian helpers, 1,291; *number of missionary 4. Vhat need and plans for future con-, teachers, 458; additions on profession of fel'ence' faith, 7,265; additions on certificate, 5,0-1-6; total membership, 63,647; total in congrega- "'hether our prescnt seminaries as tions, 69,8¢; adult baptisms, 3,039; infant noy nm can do the work which needs haptisms, 2,684; Sunday-schools organized, to be donc in preparing men to preach T07; number of Sunday-school" 1,575; the Gospei to the newcomers and to membership of Sunday-schools, 93,608; lead them as pastors and administrachurch edifices (value $2,928,3-H), 1,278; tors, or -hether thev must alter their church edifices built (cost, $253,05 2 ). 73: ideals and methods somewhat to meet church edifices repaired (cost, $45,1]4), 170 : new conditions, or whether new instichurch debts cancelled, $g6,79-1-; churches tutions should be established-these having rectched self-support, II9; churches are questions which naturally arise organized. )2-1-; receipts for cm'rent work in after stich differing statements as were all departments of the Board, $965.737.87. macle last week. The important fact now is that the issue is up, it is being Theological Seminaries and Home Missions faced, and wisdo111 borne of further investigation and conference will set- Tn the opinion of President 2[ac- tle the matter.-Thc Congregationalist. kenzi~ of Hartford Theological Seminary the conference 'hich met in Bos- Present Condition of Monnonism ton' to discuss foreigners in America (December 5) was the most import- A. 1;tah resident-not a missionan" ant denominational gathering he has -writes in the Presbyterian Home Mission 11onth'-v that as might have ." of these 21 are ordained luissionariesof the Board been anticipated the effect in Utah and nine are native evangelists and interpreters, of the decision of the Senate in the 'hose salaries are paid either i11 whole or in part hy Smoot case was the occasion of the ,Vomell '5 Board. great jubilation on the part of the :[or1110n Churcn and was interpreted as a I-indication of Joseph F. Smith

'flSSlO~~RY REVIEW OF THE WORLD lXovembel'

and the polygamous hierarchy. Polyg- among whom missionaries connected with the following societies are alamous living is more open than ever, ready at work: the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, the China and polygamous new marriages are Inland llission, the Welsh Calvinistic ::'Ilethodist Mission, the New Hebrides reported. . Presbyterian Mission, the North Africa Mission, the American Protes- Very significant is the prominence tant Episcopal Mission, Gossner's Evangelical Lutheran Mission the given to active polygamists at the pub- Bible Christian Mission, and' the Primitive ",Iethodist Mission. lic meetings of the }lormon ChUl;ch.

Immediately after the Smoot decision ;postle H~ber J. Grant returned to Utah. He had fled to England be- cause a warrant was out for his arrest for living openly in polygamy. Apos- tle Grant fears arrest and imprison- Missions of the Scottish Free Church ment no longer, feeling that the Senate .T~e magnitude of the purely foreign has condoned his offense. The ::'I10r- 1111SSlon work of the l]nited Free mons have elected Apostle Grant Church of Scotland is realized by few president of the Societv of Ctah Pio- even of its most prayerful supporters: neers, an organization- of the aristo- Since the union of the two churches crats of the Mormon Church. in the year 1900, our missionaries have In contrast to the honor given by the bee~ evangelizing the clark races in IS Mormon Church to active polygamists regIOns of t~herawbioa;rldin-inCaMpeanCcohluorniya: l?dia. and is the dishonoring of those in the Church who have dared to say that :: atal, and tropical Africa; in the it is the duty of }Iormons to obey the Vest Indies and Trinidad; and in the law of the land. Xew Hebrides Islands of the Pacific The }{ormon Church is making a Ocean. To these peoples-Buddhist strenuous effect to unite the Demo- and Hindu, Parsi and Mohammedan.

cratic and Republican parties in order and demon-worshipers-our Church to defeat the American party at the sends more than 300 ordained medical next election. It is to be hoped that and women foreign missionaries, or the Gentile population will not be de- 44;3 in all, including missionaries'

ceived bv such tactics. WIves.

It is hoped that the anti-polygamy The blessed fruits of all this, under amendment to the Constitution may the guidance of the Spirit of God, we set a seal of disapproval upon the di;- finel: loyalty and immorality of polygamol1s I. In native Christian communities num- bering 85,370 persons, old and young, of Mormond0111. these 5,565 were baptized last year, and 45,987 were communicants. EUkOPE 2. No fewer than 86,90 I of both sexes The Bible for the World received a Bible education daily in the many colleges, theological halls, training institu- The British and Foreign Bible Society has promoted the issue of the tions, and schools conducted by some of Word of God in 409 different tongues. the missionaries. Three-fourths of the volumes issued go to the mission fields. More than 3. Our 50 medical missionaries preached [ .000,000 copies were circulated in the Gospel to upward of half a million of China last year; in India, 693,000, and people waiting to be healed or convalescent; in Russia, 510,000. The circulation in while they tre':'tted 7,000 patients in the hos- Japan was more than double that of the previous year. ~ine hundred na- pitals, and performed more than 12,000 tive Christians are employed as col- surgical operations. porteurs in the various countries. 4. More than a thousand boys and girls The 8 new languages added last rescued from the famine of 1900 continued year to the Society'S list of versions to receive an industrial education, while represent translations needed for tribes another thousand had gone forth as self- snpporters. All were baptized Christians, and some are already communicants.

The income last year was $1,064,- 455.-Jrissinnary Record.

CE:EH..L :'IllSSlO:.RY L'TELLlGE:'CE

Young Emigrants for Canada The Netherlands Missionary Society Doctor Barnardo's homes, which fur The Xetherlallds Society is one of many years past have carried out a the Dlelest lllissionan societies 111 scheme of emigration of selected chil- existence. since it wa~ founded 111 dren to Canada, sent off their fourth 1797, and has been at work in the and last party for the present year. Dutch East Jnelies ;;ince that year. In The party, consisting of I35 boys and l2 stations and a considerable 'number 100 girls, left London for Liverpool, of ant-stations 32 missionary laborers where they embarked in the afternoon were employed in 11)06, through "hose on the S.S. Dominion for Canada. instrumentality 712 heathen were Including these, 1,081 boys and girls brought to Christ and baptized. The have been sent forth by the homes in schools were attended by 1,283 heathen 1907, and their grand total of emi- boys anel 134 heathen girls, while the grants since the scheme was originated native membership of the congTega- is now 19,276. Of these, 98 per cent. tions was 11,316. The income of the have done well. To-day many of these Netherlancls Society was $()7,8()4 in erstwhile waifs are filling positions of 190(j and the year closed with a deficit responsibility and influence. A fare- of $4,7I3. '

well meeting was held in the board- A Laudable Gift room at Padclington. .'fterwarcl, the special train for Liverpool steamed .' consecrated brother an(1 sister in out of the station to the strains of the Silesia owned a spacious home in one Stepney boys' band, amid cheers and of the small towns of that rich provgood-bys from many interested specta- ince of Germany. Surrounded by tors. The Canadian superintendent of large gronnds and gardens, it is an the homes, ::'ITr. A.. B. Owen, is in ideal spot for tired-out men and charge of the party. The older emi- 'omen to recuperate. "ncl as the g-rants will, on arrival in the Dominion, owners thought of this, there came to go to situations already provided for their minds the thought that missionthem, while the younger children will aries. coming home after long years be boarded out in selected homesteads of exhausting labor and deprivations, until such time as the' are able to need, perhaps more than other lawork for themselves. . borers, a change and a rest. Gladly they decided to dedicate their home to Another Union Movement this purpose, and they donated it to the Berlin ~Iissionarv Society. Thus, This time it is a proposition that the the missionaries of 'that society and their families can rest in the be~utiflll English Baptists and Congregational- home in Silesia, after their return from foreign shores and before they go out ists get together, and so famous a to tell the people of God at home, of the victories of the Gospel among the preacher as Dr. Alexander Maclaren, heathen abroad and of the darkness and the neecl of the field. whose sermons go around the worlel, Ye recommend the idea of giving to is back of the proposition. At 8 our missionaries beautiful homes where the,' can rest a while when they church dedication recently Doctor come tire~l and worn-out with cease– less faithful service in the Master's Maclaren said: ' vineyard.

I live in the belief that before some '.Jf you come to my venerable antiquity yaH will see in our great cities a harking beck to the original form of Congregational polity-that we should all be united in one great Church. Baptists are uncommonly like Congregationalists-and why in the name of goodness these two great com- munities should stand as isolated as thev Anti-Clerical Movement in Italy are passes my wit and I hope passes the wit of a great many of us. It would unify ~ot since I870, when the Pope was our communitv. It would immensely yotecl out of his throne by his own strengthen ottr' witness. It would give u's subjects, and Cardinal .'ntonelli had fa r more power in the state.

I : oH:mber

to send to King 'ictor Emmanuel's taken place. The Guvernment of Italy military staff for 1talian soldiers to has 110t onl1" ordered all these institl;- preserve Pope an(I priest from the pop- tions to be inspected, but it is shutting ulace, has such a wave of indignation many up, and ill some eases their against the Roman Catholic Church priest-professors and their sister- -its priests and its institutions- teachers are awaiting trial for unnatswept over Italy. ~ewspapers daily ural crimes. report instances of disrespect to priests even of outrages committed against The Government declares its inthem, and of attempts to burn del'ical tention to punish personal abuse of schools and institutions. Even boys priests and nuns, all attempts to deof thirteen have been taken into cus- stroy property, but it commends the tody for stoning priests of the Church. spirit of. indignation which the people are showing against sl1ch scandals, '''hat has cansed this? Facts have saying: "The Minister of Internal come to light of unspeakable immorali- A.ffairs has issued instructions that the ties committed by priests and sisters anti-clerical demonstrations be conin clerical institutions. ]Iany of these ducted orderly. and that all acts of institutions have been discovered to be hostility directed against priests, centers of corruption; priests and sis- monks and nnns be put clown. Even' ters, in charge of infants and of boys serious ClIld 'i.1'orthl' anti-clerical denland girls for their education, have ollstratioll is pe-rlllitted, but Gil}' been deliberatelv and systematicalh' tltmultuous display of hostitit)' to illcorrupting then;, practising in thefr dividuals call Ilot be tolerated, as thev midst, and with them, revolting orgies. olzZy compromise that most noble caHS~ These things first came to light in of morality alld of liberty all behalf of Milan, then in Brescia, then in "enice, 'i.1'lzie!z the people of Italy are rOlLsing then in Florence, then in Rome and themselves at the prescllt tilllc." Naples. As S0011 as it was ascertainecl that they existed in }Iilan, the Govern- England and America should order ment ordered a thorough investigation an inspection of all such institutions. to be made of the state of matters in REV. _LEX. ROBERTSO~, V.D ..• of Venice. all clerical institutions, and these scandalous reports are the result. ASIA These are institutions to which Prot- From the Golden Hom to the Persian Gulf estant fathers and mothers in England and in Scotland send their daughters A. German company ,,·ith help of to learn foreign languages and finish the Emperor and the Sultan, have setheir education. Education in Italy is cured a concession for the construction national, secular, compulsory, and lay. of a railroad from Constantinople to :'fo priest, no sister, no monk, 110 nun, Bagdad and the Persian Gulf, a disfinds a place as teacher in any of the tance of 1,700 miles. Already 120 national schools in the land. Italy miles have been built. The company knows the danger, the peril, of per- have a grant of land for twelve miles mitting such to come into contact with on each side of the track. There are the youth of the land. But the na- wonderful agricultural anclmineral retional schools onlv touch the lives of sources to be developed. The petrochildren between thell" sixth or seventh leum field in the region of Babylon and and twelfth or thirteenth year. The the Tigres and Euphrates Valley is Church of Rome, taking advantage of thought to be many times richer than this, has opened all over Italy schools the Baku field. Mesopotamia promises for infants and coIleges and high to be a great cotton-growing country. schools for young men and yotlng and Syria and Anatolia are adapted to women. It is in these infant schools wheat. The next few years will seC' and in 'chese clerical colleges ;111<1 h:gh a wonderful developm~nt here; and schools that these immoralities haw what this means commercially and po- l;'·:~~lh· it i" hard to coniectl1re. These 1·,.,1. ,,.l'ich have heen" lying almost ('IIJpty {If pc'opk. Illay l!l' de"tillcd ',,(l(>11 n:a~()ll j( l bdievt: that. i [ ;-;lIjJjJorted by to teelll with populatioll as ill thc an- the home Church. it will develop into a strong institution, stlch as Robert cient times. College, ur the colleg'e at Beirut. Up to a fe" years ago, 1110st of the pupils The Significance of a Flag I'cre from the 110n-:: [oslem peoples- Dr. F. Johnson, 'ho IITtlt from Pal- r ,nncnians. CYS, Zoroastrians. Last estine to Baghdad to reopen the med- ical mission, has now returned to Eng-' year, of 220'])0)'S, 128 'ere :Ylos1ems, land. In an account of his winter's and man v of them frol11 noble families. work he gives particulars of cases illustrating the characteristic "ay in [-{('raid alld Pr(,.I'bytcr. 1 hich patients show their gratitude. One point of interest is that the sim- Christian Students in India ple Arabs, on leaving the hospital after being cured. carry with them a flag In the recent examinations at the as a mark of gladness; by this means l'niversity of ::Iadras, the names of 44 the name of Christ is carried into re- Indian Christians appear in the B.A. gions where the messenger of the Gos- list, and 2 in the ::L. list. ]n ad{lipel has never been. Doctor Johnson tion, the names of 300 native Chris- tians appear ill the list of sllccessful writes: candidates for matriculation. A native Christian student, too, took the highest The flag' is nothing more than a piece of place in the ~I.B. examinations, and 2 white calico which is fixt to a stick or Syrian Christians passed creditably in reed; it is, however, sufficient to indicate another. This intellectual progress that something special attaches to the jour- within the native Christian community ney, and passers-by are told 011 questioning is a very hopeful sig-n. and is full df that the flag is that of "al .iIessiah,'· or, promise for the future. sometimes, that of the Protestant dodeL Thus, these simple people gi'e expression Help for India's Women to their joy and gratitude, In 50n1<' dim way they have learned that the hospital and Forh' million WOl11en in India are the cure thev have obtained art' COllnected imprisoned ill Zenanas where the outwith the l;ame of "al :'Ilcssiah" (the side world is 11l1knmYIl and unseen. Christ); whatever more in the way of The physician and sometimes the misteaching they may have grasped dming sionary are admitted and give wondertheir short stay in the hospital. little more ful glimpses of a larger world beyond, than that indicated by the flag survives ill but their souls are dark. their memories. I have seen the simple calico flag used by parties of ;rabs when in Fifty per cent. of the women of I npursuit of those upon whom they wish to elia die prematurely or are invalided work revenge, after, for example, a raid. for life amI there are 27,000,000 wid- Here the carrying of the flag' will denote ows-a widow means disgrace and that the party has S0111e set purpose be- deprivation of the pleasures of life. fore it. So, too, the flag is employed when on pilgrimage for religious purposes, as for How to reach these people and tell example, by a party visiting some shrine, them of the' love of Christ has been the long–tried question which is partly Education in Teheran solved in the Torth India Medical School, where native Christian women Iran Bethel and the bm's' school are are trained to be physicians, Students both day schools of high 'school grade, are taken from various missions, Only a few of the girls remain beyond women of substantial education, and grammar school grade, as homc duties after they have passed the required and early marriage call them away, examinations are trained for physi- Besides, it is a new idea that women cians, and go out to do medical misare capable and worthy of an educa- sionary work. tion. The boys continue longer, as the school fits them for positions with Since this school was established, g-ood salaries. There is such a demand in 1896, 65 trained workers have gone for education that college courses, in- out and 41 are still known to be encluding one in medicine, are now being added to the school. Thpre is every

lITSSIO?ARY REVIEW OF T11E VORLD l ~ovember

gaged ill 1lledical mission work. Six Ie (~ral1de. gives it ~ketch of the posthave died, six have married after office in Singapore. There are letters several years of good service. The for deliven' to Europeans Eurasians others are working in government Malays. Tamils, Bengalis. Parsees: hospitals with the consent of the 111 is- .rabs, /ul11enians. Singalese. and othsionaries who sent them to the medical ers. The postmen have their work school. cut out, and when there comes a Tamil letter they often have to beat up the The urgent need at present is to countryside for the man with no fixt enlarge the work and raise the stand- abode, and they often have to read out ard in order to gain the best minds and the addresses and origin of all their to meet the strict government require- letters at each house they visit. There ments.* are other obstacles in the way of the speedy delivery of letters-dogs, for A Great and Notable Convert example. The lhlay postman is a Mohammedan, and when the friendly vVe have heard, directly from eye- dog accosts him (dogs always accost witnesses, of a priest of eight villages pustmen) the touch is a defilement. in India, who had given his own nose The postman must bathe. And the as an offering to the gods, and 'as bath must be taken before the next himself worshiped as a goel; a priest hour of prayer. Prayers are offered whose violent tongue and blows had five times a day. Some one makes the driven many missionaries fro111 his comment that either the postmaster of neighborhood-who was brought to Singapore has no nerves or he does Christ by the persistency an.,I prayers not open his explosive correspondence. of a vile woman whose heart had been wondrously changed and who resolved The Sible Work in China to win him for Christ. She simply bore all abuse but would not give him Dr. John Fox, Corresponding Secreup. At last he yielded, and astonished tary of the cmerican Bible Society, the missionaries who feared to meet Hites on the subject of Bible transhim, by declaring himself a convert, lations, in connection with the recent and was baptized as Iohn because Shanghai Conference. The Conferthrough the fourth Gospel he found ence of 1890 appointed a committee to salvation. When Swami Vivikenanda make a union version in. ':fandarin, returned to India from his visit to the and two in written dialect, which is United States, he boasted of his power wholly different from the spoken lanto recover this lost Brahman to hi~ guage. Besides this there are 8 prin-· faith. He sent for him to come and cipaJ dialects so distinct -that they may see him, but was informed he had no be called languages. This confusion time to waste on him; then he sent is increased by 20 or 30 minor dialects. coolies with costly gifts, but they re- The recent Conference appointed a turned with their bribes, bearing committee to continue the work of iiIohn's" answer: "As all stars facie translation and asked the British and ~efore the sun, so all the Vivikenandas A.merican Bible Societies to bear the in the world lose their luster wben expense. In addition to the transla- Christ appears." tion of the scriptures the work of Ro- manizing the lang'uage is progressing Singapore the Modem Babel -that is. writing the langnage in Ro- man characters that it 111a y be easih' The fact has often been told that in rea(l. The catalog of the Chines'e the Anglo-Chinese School at Singa- Agency of the American Bible Socipore nearly 40 languages are spoken ety shows a total of 17 different verby the pupils, Mr. Edwar.d Bennett. in sions and 580 ditterent editions ready the London Quarterly, Saint ~fartin's for use. The cost of these editions far exceeds the receipts from sales. * For further information plea$e address :liss A. R. I-.fee, Field Secretary for American Committee. 7 Perry Street, Morristowll, New Jersey.

1y07] GE:ERAL :l1SSIO:.RY l:TELLlGE:CE

The New Woman in China Presbyterian missionaries have done great work ill Formosa. The Japanese .~t Chen-tu, the capitol of Sz-chuen I'rcsbyterian Church is attempting to in 'Vestern China, it is computed there aid the other Presbyterian bodies in are at present II ,000 students. The this great evangelistic movement. The education movement is onh' three work is extending to the savages- years old. There are all k'i11lls of head-hunters. JIr. Dogura, who is a ~chools, some private, others estab- Japanese forest planter and a Chris- lished by the Government, and others tian. has won many of them by his opened by public subscription. The kindness. He offers to support a J ap- students dress in semi-European anese missionary to these degraded fashion, with the embroidered dragon people. A Japanese magistrate on his on the left sleeve near the cuff; even plantation, near where the head-hunt- the scholars of the Christian schools ers live, with a Christian wife, is much have the same decoration; and on the interested. The wife is a trained upturned collar of the coat is a silver nurse. She is trying to learn the lan- medallion, with the character rJenoting the class of school the students be- guage. She said to a missionary: "r longed to. am trying to learn the language of Vhat was my astonishment when these savages and win them by kind- going through the cit~- to see a num- ness and tender care. They believe ber of students with the character for in a goel, but their god is not like "woman" on their collars! 'hen I ours; he is a cruel god, and they think went to some of the missionaries there their god likes to have them cut off and asked what it meant, I was told heads." The Christians of Japan are that the young women of the wel1-to- the ones to carry the Gospel to these do families were now attending girls' poor, benighted "head-hunters." schools and taking the same studies as their brothers. but that with their Missions in Japan girls' attire they could not go out on the street to attend the classes; and so The work in Japan has been going to avoid this they now dress in almost on about forty years, and in a popula- the same cut of clothes as the men. tion of 45,000,000 about 55,000, or ~Irs. Davidson, of the Friends' :Iis- a little more than one in everv 800 of sion, rather amused us by telling of the population, is a Protestant ~believer. her effort to get one of these same And, small as this numher is, the re- ,mazons to go ronnel to the boys' en- sults are out of all proportion to the trance of the school-she herself be- outlay in men, time and money. There ing deceived by the appearance of her are now about 280 married missionvisitor. The fashionable small feet, aries, and nearly 300 unmarried womof course, had disappeared, and the en missionaries-a total of about fair student wore top boots, and I sup- 580 at work-and if we add the Jappose had drill exercises. What a anese native workers. the entire force wonderful change for China! is a little over 1.600 people. But what • REV. JOHN P.RKER. in The Chronicle. are 1.000 in a population, yet un- reached. Df about 45,000,000. If the The Island of Formosa entire force rere equally distributed among the un evangelized, it would This possession of Japan contains still give each man and woman about nearly 3,000,000 inhabitants, of whotl1 28,000 to reach. Yet during 1903. 133,500 are Chinese and about 40,000 about 4,500 converts were baptized. are Japanese. Splendid evang'elistic and there are 330 self-supporting work is now being carried on by the chl1rches, with over 850 Sunday- Japanese Church for the Japanese in schools and 60.000 pupils; and the Formosa. The English and Canadian native churches raised over $90,000 for all church purposes in the year.

Can .'merican and British churches Chinese Students Leaving Japan show a like record? The J 3.000 or l110re Chinese stu- Memorial by Missionaries in Japan L1ents at one time in Tok"o have been reduced to not 1110re than- 8.000. This The .merican missionaries in Ja- marked diminl1tion, accClrellng to the fatal! .liail, is a subject of live COI11pan, to the mUl1uer of 100, have signed ment in Japanese circles. The causes a memorial in which, while disclaiming are said to be: first, the issue of strinany desire to mix in politics, they gent regulations bearil1g on the conassert that their sole desire is to re- duct of these stuclents; and secondly, move misunderstanding and to testify the system org'anized by the Chinese 10 the sense of international justice, C;overn111ent for the control of the the faith, and the friendship of the students, a system which is said by l'nited States, and their belief that the reports of the belligerent attitude some critics to have been devised e;- of the Japanese do not represent the true feeling of the nation. The signa- pressly for the purpose of exercising' tories of the memorial say they desire a strict scrutiny intu the political to record their appreciation of the uni- opiniolls uf the lads. The Mail inversal courtesy and helpfulness of the timates that C;crl1lam and America people and the Government of Japan. have taken ad"antage' of the situation The memorial was signeel by mission- to urge China to send her students to aries of all sects. their schools, and quotes one of the leading Tokyo papers as charging International Reform Bureau in Japan that the system of rapi(1 "finishing" that has been so much discredited in Dr. Vilbur F. Crafts, Superintend- Japan is likely to he inaugurated in ent of the Jnternational Reform Bu- these countries. reau, at ;agasaki completed a series of 33 addresses in the chief cities of AFRICA Japan, Korea and China. He has had important and extended audiences Progress in German West Africa also with Viscount Hayashi, ::'If arquis Ito, Count Okuma, Viceroy Yuan Shih The North German Missionarv So- Kai, and the Yeiwupu, of China. His ciety has just published its annual reefforts have been directed, first, to en- port for T<)O(i, concerning the work listing the cooperation of Japan and among the 900,000 heathen in Togo- China in a proposed ,,'oriel-treaty uf land, the (;erman colony in Vest Afthe great civilized pU"ers of .'merica, rica. The ntlll1lJer of' stations is 6, Europe and .'sia for the prohibition ,yith 8..j. out-statiolls (il at the time of of the sale of intoxicants and opium "Titing), wherc 32 Eurupean missionto savages in the South Seas and in aries (8 w0111en) were assisted by 135 Africa, in the intel-est of market and native laborers. The 103 schools (86 morals. He bas also suught to aid in IC)05) were attendeel by 3,584 puby puhlic speech and private counsel pils (2,g12 in H)05), among whom gOT those who, in Japan and China. are girls ,yere f01111e1. 549 lwathell. 100 of fighting intemperance, impurity. Sab- lhem being children. "cre baptized, an bath-breaking and gamhling. ]-Ie has increase of T82 over 190.=;, and the nll111ber of nati 'c ..-hristians increased brol1ght to the attention of the Jap- to 5.541. Great v-illingness to hear the preaching of 1he C;ospel was foune! anese C;overnment the lax inforce- evernybere, and the hearts of the mis- 111ent of the anti-opium law in FOrl1l1J- sion;uies "erc gladdened by a professa. ::'IJ r5. Crafts. "ho is an actiye ,;ion of faith in Christ fmlll the lips of helper in the York of this bureau and many. The congregations of native Sunday-school Superintendent of the Christians are increasing" in spil-itual- Vodd's VV. C. T. 1~., spoke 15 tin1<..'5 ity, anc! the Gospel of the Prince (~f in promotion of "imilar objects. chiefly 1'eace is confjuering Togoland as It to meetings of women and children.

l<)07J GE:ERAL ~!ISSIOXARY

is many other places of the earth. But by the natives themselves, anel a little since the society had older deficits 011 assembly of Christians there worshipi1and, it now fil;ds itself in debt to the ing Goel day by day the best they know amounts of $14,400. Two missionaries how. This, little church originated of of the 1orth German Socid)' have itself and the Holy Spirit. No one published great literary Corks dur- had been authorized by the mission to ing 1906. ] acob Spieth prepared the begin a catechumen class there. The w()nderf111 book. "The Eoke Tribes," missionaries of Luebo did not even a11<1 D. Vester11lann published a dic- know of its existence. A young man, tionary of the Evhe dialect in two vol- more zealous than intellectual, was tllnes. taught and baptized at Luebo, Re- turning to his village he gather~d to- Progress of the Nigeria Missions gether about IOO persons into a cate- chumen class, and the people built the The Humber of baptized Christians little church. The chief of this village in the Vestern Equatorial Africa Mis- it may be noted, is also at present in sion has greatly increased of late years prison at the State post, Lusambu. and is now .23,487, as compared with 8,336 ten years ago. The growth has A few hours' travel brought us to been chiefly in the Yoruba portion of another village where we discovered the mission and above all in the Ijebu another catechumen class of ten percountry, whence .;201 baptized con- sons, taught by a young man who verts were returned at the end of 1896, hirnself knows only the catechism, but and 7,294 at the end of last year. knows it well. "I ~'as taught and bap- Rapid progress, however, has been tized at Luebo," he said, "and I eame made on the ::-iger, where considerable here to try to teach my people to learn extension has taken place during the their bad ways." last few years. The recently published Annual Report tells of several new In the village of the chief above stations being opened: two at "LTmunya mentioned a Sunday-school was reand Ebn, in the Ibo country; one at cently organized with a membership l'atani, 011 the lower reaches of the of 480, nine-tenths of whom were chilriver, occupied in place of Brass, dren and perhaps 50 or more of them where the work has been handed over exactly the same size anel drest alike to Bishop Tng-ell: a fourth at :;Iok- -nattlre's black of perfect fit. Their wa, about 40 miles west of Biela. clothes are seamless, hard to tear, itself only occupied in 1903; and a without bl1ttom, anclul1affected by the fifth at Kuta, where a beginning has exposure to the weather I Some folks heen made in evangelizing the pagan here (luring the whole of their five (~waris. It also records the sailing of years' existence have not owned as two men of the Cambridge ITl1iversity intlch clothes as a lady's handkerchief. :1 issionarv Part', who have been des- But the Sunday-school grows, neverignated to con~111ence York in the theless. Two weeks ago there were Bauchi countn-. This advance is onlY in the school 625 persons and others a continuation" of that which has gOl1~ playing outside the church. One class on of recent years quieth" and almost had in it 148 children and another 85, ll11noticed under the wise leadership It seems as if a school of 1.000 memof BisllOp Tl1gn~ll. bers could be gathered every Sabbath da'. Here is a glorious opportunity A Church of Spontaneous Growth fo~ more teachers from our Southern Church. , missionan" Df the Presbyterian Church South "writes fr01l1 the" upper N ati"e Africans as Printers Kongo: At uur Inhambane 2'vI issiol1 Pr::ss, A recent visit to a strange village East Central Ahica, under the supergave us a pleasant discovery. ye vision of Dr. K H. Richards, the nafound a :-mall but neat chttrch, bttilt tive boys arc printing the Gospel of

Luke in Chindawu, a language in schools in Egypt, 200 had their train- which hitherto no word of the Gospel ing in this college. In one year alone, has been printed and but little preach- recently, about 100, mostly under- ing has been done. The Illustrated graduates, went frOI11 the college to Child's K ew Testament, in one of the teach in village schools. other languages spoken in Portuguese East Africa, is also in press and will The Christian influences which domprovide the first Bible pictures ever inate the life of this college are very circulated in the district. : native strong. The College Christian Union paper appears regularly, giving the is an aggressive organization, and Sundav-school lessons. The boys anel labors definitely to bring students to girls ~ho work in this press are given Christ. Sixty-two students made a less than one dollar a month and their public profession of their faith in food. Vhen they become sufficiently Christ during a recent year; 35 during capable printers t~ set "copy" withot;t another year. Seventy of the memmaking more than one mistake to a bers of the Union hav~ pledged themline, wages are raised to one dollar. selves to some form of Christian vnrk. General contributions to relig;dus The Bible not Excluded from Abyssinia work amount to about $500, while, in addition to this, half the snpport of a :Ir. Karl Cederquist, of the Swedish native missionary in the Sudan has :.lissioll at Eritrea, has been staying been assumed b;, the Christian stufor some months at Adis .deba, the dents of the college. capital of King Menelik. lIe informs ns that 011 several occasions (lming his The African .. Sleeping Sickness" journeys in "byssinia he has found Bibles which wcre almost worn to This strange disease has been epishreds through having been read, demic in equatorial Africa for years. borrowed from house to house, and Its victim spends more and more time re-read b' so mall' different families. sleeping, and usuall" dies. Latterlv Til the GaIla-speaking country he finds "fricans travel more than formerl:, that the people are very receptive, ami so that the disease has spread far al~c1 highly appreciate the Gospel. Most wide. Scientists find that it is comof the cbyssinian pricsts, however, do municated by the tsetse fly, as yellow not sympathize with missionary effort. fever and malaria are by the mosquito. The Gallas number practically 12,000,- The disease has so .decimated the 000, among who111 there are at present popula,tion in parts, that in one portion only half a dozen native evangelists of Cganc1a, out of a population of and a single Et1ropean missionary. 300,000, 200,000 fell victims. The various European governments have A Flourishing College in Egypt made appropriations for investigation That mission schools in the past of the disease. In Jnne an internahave served the missionary purpose for which thcy are established is tional congress, attended by delegates proved by fifty' years of history, The from Great Britain, Germany, France, college at "ssint is, perhaps, the most Kongo Free State, Portugal and Souconspicuous example of a strong dan, was held in London to devise Christian college. Its record is truly ways of overcoming it. Professor· a remarkahle one. It has had under Koch, who was sent to Africa bv Gerits influence, during its establishment, many, has found what he clai~s is a 4,000 different illdividuals. About cure: and messengers have come 200 200 have taken the full conrse and miles to .beg the "Great White gTaduated. Of these who graduated, Vizard" to come and cure their dying 70 are ministers in the native Prot- relatives. His fame has spread estant church in Egypt. Of the 288 through Central Africa, and appeals men school-teachers in Protestant come to him from the remotest dis- trict. In the villages he is given a great hut "as large as a snltan's"in

I 907 j GE:,ERA.L :llSSlU:,,RY l:,TELLlGE:'CE

which to conduct his microscopic "Care of the Youth after School Age," work. "The •.ttitude of the European Mis- sionarv toward :' atiYe Pastors and Missionaries Driven Out Helpet's," "The ;'Iissionary·s Ser- mons," "The Third Commandment." The American Congregational mis- . deeply spiritual tone pervaded all sionaries are encountering opposition the deliberations and the missionaries from the British officials in :'atal and present returned to their fields of la- bor. being much blest and greatly enr the Germans in the Caroline and Mar- couraged. It was decided to hold the next conference of German mission- shall Islands. The Re,". ames L. aries in Cape Tmyn in 19W. The sur- Barton, D.D., Foreign Secretary of the prize of all who ,,·ere present at the .merican Board of Commissioners of second conference was the remarkable Foreign ~1issions, after having made manner in which all missionaries and a long tour of inspection of the mis- societies agreed on missionary methods sions in Japan and China, has been and needs. visiting Europe in an endeavor to ad- just these difficulties. The gradual The High Commissioner for South Africa withdrawal of A.merican missionaries from the German islancls has been on Foreign Missions agreed to, but the troubles i~l :0ratal, arising from the hostility of Sir Henry Those interested ill the missions Edward lIcCallu!11, until recently the carried on among the native races in Governor, remain unsettled. ·Cn- South Africa will be interested to read fortunately, Governor ~IcCalIum ob- what Lord Selbourne, the newly-aptained the erroneous impression that pointed High Commissioner, thinks in the Zulu Christians connectecl v.rith the regard to them. ,t a meeting held .merican missio'ns were disloyal, and in Oxford, he said: he so reported. The Governur demanded that a white person should be I wish to give my testimony as to the placed over every Zulu church and general value of mission work. I have no school. This would make the work difficulty in stating the impression left on of the American board a practical im- my mind, and that is the profound CO/lpossibility, since a sufficie?t number of telllpt which I l1a"'1" 110 desire to disguise whites could not be prOVided, and the for those 'Who sneer at missiolls. If a man '.,-rowth of the Zulu churches into in- professes to be a Christian it is absolutely dependence and self-support conld not impossible for him to deny the necessity of be expected. the existence of missions. Therefore the critic is driven to pass his sneers on the Conference of German Missionaries in actual missionaries who go and do the work, and I have noticed that he sets up a South Afrie&. standard for them which is certainly a standard against which nothing can be Four C;erman ~Iissionary Societies said; he expects every missionary to be as are laboring in South Africa, viz: saintly as St. John, to be as wise as Solo- Berlin Missionary Society, Hermanns- mon, and as great a statesman as St. Paul. burg Missionary Society, :Moravian The labor market docs not supply the ar- Missions and The Rhenish ~Iissionary ticle. and if the critic will be good enough Society. On July 4, 1907, and the to apply the same test to himself and to his following days these societies united own profession. whatever it is, he will see in the second conference of German that the standard is perhaps a little too exmissionaries in South Africa at Kim- acting. Not only does the critic demanil a berley. Twenty-four 111~ssionari.es standard that is obviously impossible, but were present and took part 111 the dIS- he leaves Ollt of sight the peculiar difficussions and deliberations. Most im- culties and dangers of missionary life. I portant subjects were ably treated in desire to protest against the unholy thirst well-written essays. Of these we men- for statistics; it is perfectly impossible to tion the papers on "The Education of put into statistics the result of mission Native Children in and out of School," work. I would go further and say it is ah- solutely bac! for the missionary to have to try to write a report which will give a fa,'orable impression at home. "lhat have ynu to (In with statistics in such a matter

as this? The utmost a man can possibly building, the imposing buildings of the Ellinwood Bible Seminary, the Harris do is to do his best, and the results really :'Iemorial ,Deaconess Training School, are not his business; they rest with a Higher Power.-East alld IVest.

the Episcopal Hospital and Dispens- The Case of Mr. StanolU"d ary, the splendidly equipped Columbia club-house, the Episcopal parish-house, The cablegram announcing the ac- and the six or seven mission homes'

quittal of 11r. Stannard, the Kongo all these having cost at least $250,000: missionary, by the Court of Appeal at This gaining of property, providing Boma, came as a welcome surprize. permanent homes, has clone much to- .£ter his conviction by the Kongo ward creating a respect for the thing Court a few months ago, it was hardly for which they stand."

thought likely that he had the chance, upon appeal, of having the judgment Methodist Success in the Philippines reversed. In quashing the conviction, Bishop Oldham estimates that withthe Court of Appeal has practically in the region in Northern Luzon asadmitted the truth of the charges signed by the Evangelical Union -of brought against the officials by Mr. the Philippine Islands to the Methodist Stannard. 'What now will be done? Episcopal Church for Cllltivation, there The accusations made were of the are about 2,000,000 Filipinos. Of gravest character. If they ,vere false, this number we have now enroIled as the man who made them deserves members and probationers, a few over severe punishment. Now that they 20,000, or about one per cent. vVith are virtually admitted to be true, what the exc~ptiol1 of the agents of the Biabout the officials who stand convicted ble societies, there is in this territory of cruelty and intimidation? It looks no other evangelical agency at work. as if the question would be asked in "What the Methodist Church fails to vain. Sir Edward Grey has spoken of clo in this area must go undone," says "something" being done by "some- the Bishop. body," and there, in this vague manner, the matter is left. :Meanwhile, we are Police,nen as Missionary Helpers told that the situation on the Kongo remains the same. As with Macedo- Some interesting new methods and nia and Armenia, brutalities will con- ag'encies are noticed in the Baptist tinue, while Europe remains too busy .lIissionary ]l,Jaga:::illc as having been to attend to so small an affair as the introduced into the missionary church preservation of a race from extinction! at Sinwaugan, Philippine Islands. A -The Christian. church society has been formed to re- ceive contributions of rice which will ISLANDS OF THE SEA be kept to serve as a reserve fund for Christian Real Estate in Manila members in need. Vhen misfortune befalls a member he may, on approval According to the Philippine Chris- by the trustees, draw upon it to repay tian Advocate, "six years ago there on easy terms of interest when his was not a dollar's worth of property in trouble is over. The privilege of this the citv of Manila owned or controlled borrowing is to be extended to other by the- Protestant Church. There arc churches. . band of policemen has now the magnificent Episcopal cathe- been institutecl to see that all the mem- dral, one of the prominent landmarks bers of the church attend the services of modern :'Ianila, the new Presby- on time. These policemen hunt up de- terian chapel, this being part of the linquents, and if they can 110t give proposed building which, when COI~1- good reasons for their absence, bring pleted, wiII be one of the most splenclt.c1 them to church. In the church they church edifices in the East, the beautI- keep order among the throngs of chilful new Central ~Iethodist Church (ren who attend.

1<)07] GE:ERAL :lISSIO:ARY I:TELLlGE:CE

Further News from New Gui.,ea that cry frum oyer the sea, and tho The remarka:ble news from :CV the Rhenish ::1issionary Society will C~uinea, which VI e told our readers in not be able to send 18 new laborers the REVIEW for July (page 530), is to X ew Guinea jnst now, a number confirmed by the more recent reports. of ne'v workers sufficient to relieve There can be no doubt that the Lon! the most pressing needs will soon is working a great change for the bet- start on its journey. Thus the door. ter. °Missionary Diehl reports largoe opened so providentially by the Lord audiences at all services and an almost (see }[ISSIO.tURY REnEW, July, 1907, marvelous willingness of the people p. 530). will be e!:tered by His faithto aid him in his work in other parts ful disciples. In the meantime Mr. of the COlU1try. He has now twelve Diehl, the missionary at Bogadjim, catechumens, ;mong them two mature is able to report the baptism of five men and two girls. One of these girls more Papuas and the coming of nine is to marry Gumbo, the first native new inquirers, among whom arc baptized. Befo.re the present awaken- three men more than thirty years or ing he could not find a father who ag'e and two girls.

would give his daughter without the MISCELLANEOUS heathen fasting and magic, but now An Admiral's Testimony to Missions the marriage is to be according to the Christian ceremonv. The heathen do Admiral ::fahall. in a letter COil'" not molest the cat~chu1l1ens, for they cerning the Laymen's lJovement, see that Christians and inquirers live says: better lives than themselves. Aon in- The power of the Gospel of our Lord is, quirer who lost his temper and used I believe, signally manifested in thi~ par- harsh languag'e was publicly rebuked ticular step; itself no spasmodic movement, bv a heathen, who said: "A Christian but the natural outcome of an interest in n;ust not do such things." In other Christian missions, which for some years parts of the island the number of in- back ha" been increasing in all the Christian denominations in onr country, and of a rate Cjuirers continues to increase, and the which, tho notably rapid, has been steady need of new workers is great. and sustained, and in the end has drawn them thus together. Without any affecta- The Macedonian Cry from Over the Sea tion of ignoring those differences of view on points of real, tho minor, importance The Rhenish missionaries in Kew which unhappily have divided us into sep- Guinea, assembled in solemn confer- arate ecclesiastical organizations, they have ence for prayer and consultation come together in the single supreme pur- pose of common concerted action for the some time ago, decided to ask the spreading of the knowledge of the name Board of Missions of their society in and message of Jesus Christ throughout the Germany for 18 new missionaries world He came to redeem. In such unity of for that field. The cry of the hea- purpose and action, in which they now seek the cooperation of their brethren among then, wakened to a consciousness of the laity of Great Britain, there appears to spiritual need by the Spirit of God, me a marked approach toward the oneness was in their ears and the wonder- which our Lord prayed might be shown to fully increasing number of Papuas, the world by His followers; and I am per- suaded that in no other way will His prayer men and women, coming for instruc- be forwarded by men more surely than by tion preparatory to baptism, told acting heartily toward this end in which 'all them of the speedy appro'ach of the agree, and in comparison with which onr harvest. Trusting in the Lord, these differences, however valid to our con- sciences, are relatively insignifi.cant.

men asked for reenforcements tho Seven Ways of Giving the situation at home, the struggle for the means necessary to support 1. The careless way. To give the laborers already in the fielcls and something to every cause that is the scarcity of missionary candidates, presented, without inquiring into its was well known to them. God heard merits.

2. The impulsive way. To give India, we believe, there are about 5,- from impulse-as much and as often 000,000 boys under instruction; but as love and pity and sensibility we cloubt if th~ number of girls is prompt. much ab~ve 500,000, or only one girl to every ten boys. In the case of 3. The lazy way. To make a spe- Ceylon, the proportion is bettercial offer to earn money for benevo- about one girl to every four or five lent objects by fairs, festivals, etc. boys in the government schools; and we know it is a good deal better for 4. The self-denying way. To save grant-in-aid, Christian mission and inthe cost of luxuries and apply it to dependent agencies. VVould that at purposes of religion and charity. this time a millionaire could be induced This may lead to asceticism and self- to cover the blanks in India, Burma, complacence. Ceylon (and China) with girls' board- ing schools !-giving their direction S. The systematic way. To lay and supervision to Christian women aside as an offering' to God, a definite of the various missions." portion of our gains-one-tenth, onefifth, one-third, or one-half. This is OBITUARY adapted to all, whether poor or rich; and gifts would be largely increased Douglas M. Thornton. of Egypt if it were generally practised. It is with deep sorrow that we 6. The equal way. To give God record the death, on September 8, of and the needy just as much as ve the Rev. D. }I. Thornton, a young spend on ourselves, balancing our C. ~1. S. missionary in Cairo. His personal expenditure by our gifts. zeal and the personal influence gave him unique opportunities for wit- 7. The heroic way. To limit our nessing to Christ among Moslems own expenditure to a certain sum. and Coptic Christians. He was eduand gi ve a way all the rest of our cated at Marlborough and Trinity income. College, Cambridge. After gradu- ating as a Junior Optime in 1895 he Increasingly Optimistic spent a year at Ridley Hall and then became Educational Secretary of the "The older I become the 1110re op- S.v.M.U. and wrote the text-book timistic I am; in fact, I am becoming i'Africa Waiting." He joined the C. riotously optimistic," is the testi- JI.S. Cairo Mission in 1898, and fremony of a South Indian missionary quent testimonies came from visitors to Egypt of the zeal and energy as of 40 years' experience, the Rev. J. well as wisdom and prudence with which the work among Moslems Duthie, of Tracancore. .vas being prosecuted both by voice and pen. His death should serve as In .Education. Why A, re Girls Neglected? a call to the universities to send recruits to hasten out and carryon Mr. J. Furgeson, who appears to be his work.

well-informed as to his theme, writes Dr. Ernest Shawe. of India earnestly and at some length in The East and the TVest, and for substance The mission work of the Moravian .as follows: Church in the Himalayas has received a severe blow by the sudden death of "It is matter for great regret now Dr. Ernest Shawe, who has been in that within the past thirty years at charge of the hospital at Leh for ten least the various missions did not en- years. Uneler his care the work in the deavor to keep their schools and work for girls as nearly as possible on a par with those for boys; and that government, as well as missionaries and all other educating agents in India, Burma, and Ceylon (as well as in China and the Further East) have not done a great deal more to increase the number of girl scholars. Tn all

GEXERAL .:'IIlSS[O:.RY J,TELLTGE'CE

hospital at Leh has shown signs of mans who. filled with the Spirit, have progress, and his medical skill has exerted a great influence for good been of great assistance to thousands npon the religions life of the fatherof people in the capital of Ladak and land during the last 25 years. Count in the neighborhood. He had made Bernstorff was a descendant of one of several long and dangerous tours to the most prominent families of the render medical aid and to preach the prond nobility of Korth Germany, yet Gospel in other parts of the country. he was a very humble follower of the Only recently he visited the borders meek and lowly Jesus. He took great of Chinese Tibet, hoping that he might interest in home ane! foreign missions, have obtained access to that still dosed and when the Evangelical ~'rissionar)' land. Society for German East Africa was organized, in 1886, he became its pres- The Rev. A. W. Heyde. of Tibet On August 28th the veteran Tib- ident. More than 20 years he dis- etan missionary, the Rev. A. T. charged the duties of this responsible Heyde, died at Herrnhut, Saxony, at position in loyalty to his Master and the age of 83. Mr. Heyde was one showed his efficiency especially in of the two pioneer Moravian mis- times of trial and difficulties, resigning sionaries in the Himalayas. and la- his position only last year when the bored there for fifty years, without headquarters of the society were reonce coming home. It was not until moved from Berlin to Bethel, near he retired from active service, three . Bielefeld. He was also prominently or four years ago, that he returned connected with the Orient Mission and to Europe. During his long stay in was president of the German branch of the Himalayas he proved himself a the Evangelical Alliance. Count Bernzealous and efficient worker, but he storffs name was well known outside will be remembered as the chief re- of Germany, especially in England, on viser of the .tew Testament 111 account of his deep spirituality and his Tibetan. great love to the cause of missions. His death, coming so soon after the The Rev. G. B. Taylor. of Italy Vv'ord from Rome announces the death of another great German leader death there on October 3 of the Rev. of missions, Doctor Buchner, is a great Dr. George Boardman Taylor, for loss to the cause.

more than thirty years President of the Southern Baptist ?fission in Bishop John J. Tigert Italy. Doctor Taylor was born in Richmond, Va., in 1832, and was Bishop John J. Tigert, of the Meth- graduated from Richmond College odist Episcopal Church, South. died and the University of Virginia. He on Xovember 20, after an illness of was the pastor of Franklin Square ten days. Bishop Tigert was taken Church, Baltimore. and for two ill while attending a church conferterms Chaplain at the University of ence at Atoka, Indian Territory, but Virginia. He was the founder of a disregarded the advice of his physinumber of churches and schools in cian to rest. He came to Tulsa, in- Italy, and was a close friend of the tending to open the conference there late King Humbert. He was the au- on the fourteenth, but was compelled thor of an excellent hook. "Italy and to take to his bed. His illness was caused by the lodgment of a piece the Italians."

A German Missionary Leader of chicken bone just below the ton- On April 21st, 1907, Andreas Graf sils. This caused an inflammation of von Bernstorff departed this life. He the throat and resulted in blood poi- was one of the quite few titled Ger- soning.

THE MISSIONARY

l THE FOREIGN :1IrsSlOl'i.RL By Arthur our g'az?, and the incidents given are sHch as might occur in almost allY Brown, D.O. 121110. $I.50, IIl't. Fleming part of the Celestial Empire. H. Revell Co., )(cw York, 1907. The literary style is unusnally stri- Doctor Brown never speaks or writes king and forcible, so that a dull pnrawithout a message. Ye were prepared graph could scarcely be found. Rvito find in this, his latest book, some- dently a man deeply in earnest and thing worth reading, and are not dis- full of the spirit of the Master, the appointed. These nineteen chapters author is at the same time able to see treat of the missionan' himself, his the ludicrolls side of persons and aim and motive, his b"ady, soul and events and is not afraid to provoke a spirit, and his qualifications; then it smile. The nineteen chapters include traces him, as he enters his field and s11ch topics as these: "The Missionwork, influences, and is influenced by, ary," "Pioneering," I.Evangelization," his associates, seeks to use a new lan- "Church Organization:' "Pastoral guage, to avoid financial embarrass- Visitation," "Discipline," "Types of ments, to reach the natives and mold Converts," ""Nati,'e Germans" and the native church; as he confronts his "Bible Translation." Other chapters critics, and at last receives hi~ award. tell of the native religions (Confucian- I t is a devout, spiritual, sensible, prac- ism and Taoism) and their founders, tical survey Df the theme. Ve have and of the foreign religions (Budfound nothing in it unsound in doctrine, dhism, Mohammedanism and Chrisunsafe in teaching, unreal in spirit. It tianity) . shows that high qnality, sympathy with the Master, and that other noble char- The only serious defect in the volacteristic, love for the lost. It seems to ume is the' absence of an index. Snch us to weigh and compare, with true is an indispensable aid to reference. discernment, the different impulses The appreciative reader is certain that move God's yorkmen, and to af- highly to prize this and has a right to ford suggestive, instrnctive and in- expect it. spiring matter deserving of the consideration of every reacIer. Vherever CONYERSION BY THE MILLION IN CHINA. By Doctor Brown touches a question he Rey. Timothy Richard, Litt.D. 2 vols. seems to us to touch even its delicate Illustrated. 121110. 296 and 295 pp. $5.00. and difficult points with sagacity, com- Cluistian Literature Society, Shanghai, mon sense, moderation and the instinct of a cIevout disciple. 1<)07· A TYPICAL MISSION IN CHINA. By W. E. The title of these volumes is some- SoothilL 121110, :293 pp. Illustrated. what misleading. They do not set $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., )(ew forth an ideal or a plan for the rapid York, 1907 and superficial conversion of the Chi- nese, but are a compilation of articles This may fitly he classed among the and biographical sketches from the best of the books 'hich have appeared pen of this prominent missionary eduin recent years relating to the spread cationalist and statesman. of the Gospel in the Chinese Empire. Tho a representation of the Eng- The chapters arc interesting and lish Free Methodist Church, and deal with many of the important probtho his own mission naturally holds lems connected with the evangelization a prominent place, Mr. Soothill is evi- of the Chinese. Among the subjects dently a man of trnc Catholic spirit, discust are: Christian and Chinese and in most respects d'2scribes, accord- Ideas of Vomanhood, The Political ing to the title of his book, "A ~ypical Status of Christians, China's Appalling Mission." It is the average Chinese Need, Modern Confucianism, Taoism, whose characteristics are held 11p to Buddhism in China, Mohammedanism in China, The Rennaissance of China, Appeals to Missionary Societies. Inc famous Hunan Tracts, The Crisis in and diplomatic relations with China China, Christian Literature for China, are important, but greatest of all is The A~ wakening of China and the Duty the question of China's relation to the of the Home Church, etc. Kingdom of God. Now is the day of The chapters "'hich give some ex- opportunity. • cuse for the startling title to the book THE UPLIFT OFI2CmHo,IN2A7.4 By Arthur H. were prepared for missionary audiences Maps, Dia- Smi th, D.D. pp.

in China. The plan set forth is, in gram and Illustrations. Cloth, Soc.; pa- brief, the wider use of tracts and other per, 35c. Young People's 1fissionarv forms of Christian literature whereby :Ioyement, Xew York, 1907· • a man's usefulness can be greatly mul- Here is another of the excellent mis- tiplied. The Chinese of all classes are sian study text-books published by the eager for education and ravenous in Young People. It is admirably adapted their hunger for books-now is the for class study, being simple in out- time for Christians to feed them with line, clear in statement and interesting wholesome mental ami spiritual food. and snggestive in treatment of themes As to the methods wherebv a million -an improvement on Rex Christus.

converts may be won for Christ, Doctor The chapters give a general view of Richard holds that missionaries must China ami the Chinese race; the de- studv the Chinese and their sacred fects of their social system and strong books mO're thorol1O'hh' so as to learn and weak points in their religion, an how to convince th~m'that the accept- account of ~ome of the uplifting leaders ance of Christianitr is essential for· and of Inlsslonary problems and work. their good; native preachers must be Tho ;lOt ~~ fu.n ~s "Dawn on the Hi!ls trained the Christian reIiO'ion must be of Tang, tlus IS the best of the 11115- shown to set forth the ide:ls which ap- sian books on China for general group peal to the worlel's leacIers and which stndy.

have producecl the best results, and GLORJ. CH1USTI. By Anna B. Lindsay.

Christ and his teachings must be I21110, 30 2 Pl'· Cloth, Soc., 1Iet; paper, . proved better than any of China's 30C. The Macmillan Co., Kew York, I907· leaders or ideals. Through the power This, the seventh of the ·Women·s L~nitecl :Vlission Stud of the Holy Spirit these things may be 'ith social progress ~yavnodlummiess~idoenasl-s accomp:ished bllt never otherwise.

evangelistic, educational, medical, in- CHINA .]'D _-'l.:IERIC. TO-D_W. By Re,·. Ar- dustrial, phila:lthropic, etc. The sub- jects are taken up too briefly to permit thur H. Smith, D.D. I2111U, 256 pp. of the detailed descriptions which add $T.25. /let. Fleming H. Ren,l1 Co., :'ew interest, but the array of facts presented York, 1907.

Doctor Smith has g'iven his life to form a tremendous broadside to de- the saving of the Chinese. He has molish the objections that missions and studied them close! y and lived ,,-jth missionaries are either impotent and them intimateh' for' mal1' Years. He lIseless or aggressively harmful to the has a right to ;peak and do~s so clearly peace, progress and well-being of the and authoritatively, in a way that car- world. Any society or group will find ries conviction, showing t11e Chinese to here material for a most valuable and be a great race whom it is our duty to interesting study.

befriend, enlighten, save for this world SC'NNY SINGAPORE. By Re·. J. A. Bethune and the next. It is eas), to despise the Cook. 121l10, 183 pp. 5s., /lct. Elliot Chinese laumlrnnan and vote to ex- Stock, London, I907.

clude Chinese labor, but the true Chris- Singapore is a small corner of Ma- tian attitude is to regard the Chinese laysia, but immeasurably important be- as brother-men and to use even' means cause of its strategic position. Mr.

to uplift them. VVe will ignore,' neglect Cook, who has labored there many or antagonize them at our peril. The years. gives a brief account of th~ questions of Chinese labor. commercial place, history, people and missions,

-.USSIOXARY REVIEW Of TIlE WORLD l ~ovember

and includes some chapters on }Iacao fl EROES OF MISSION AKY ENTERPRISE. By and Canton, Malacca and Hongkong, Claud Field, M.A. 121tl0. 5s. Seeley & Co., with the work of Morrison and .:'IIilne. LonJon; Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1907. Singapore is described as a strong outpost of the Church of Rome, and Islam POLAND, THE KNlGHT AMONG THE NATIONS. is pointed out as one of the greatest By Louis K Van X orman. Illustrated. hindrances to the progress of the Gos- 121110, 359 pp. $1.50, lief. Fleming H. pel. It is stated here that Y u Ting Revell Co., 1907. Fang, the Chinese minister at Vash- iugton, from 1896-1904, and later vice- P.STOR HSI, CONFCCLN SCHOLAR AND president of the Chinese foreign office, CHRISTIAN. By ':lrs. Howard Taylor. was baptized at the c..:'I1.S . .:lission in 12mo. $1.25. China Inland Mission, Phil- Hongkong under the name of :'g adelphia and Toronto, 1907. Choy. Both his parents are Christians, but Wu Ting Fang no longer THE JAP,NESE NATION IN EroLuTloN. By makes open confession of Christ. Mr. Wm. Elliot Griffis, D.D. Illustrated. 121tl0. Cook has given us an interesting vol- $1.25, lIet. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., ume, but it is poorly printed and with- New York, 1907. out literary finish. For the general reader it would have been greatly im- CHRISTIANITY'S STOKM CENTER. By Rev. proved by judicious editing. Charles Stelzle. 12mo. $1.00, /let. Flem- ing H. Revell Co., 1907. FROM OPIU~[ FIEND TO PREACHER. The Story of Cheng Ting Chiah. By A. P. THE MEDIATOR. By Edward A. Steiner. Quirmbach. 12mo, 181 pp. Illustrated. 12mo, 356 pp. Illustrated. $I.So. Flem- 50 cents. The Mission Book Co., To- ing H. Revell Co., 1907. ronto, 1907. THE CH,LLENGE OF THE CITY. By Josiah The story of transformations from Strong, D.D. Illustrated. 12mo. Soc. sinner to saint, from heathen to Young People's Missionary Movement, Christian, has always a fascination, New York, 1907. and this life-story of Cheng is no exception, for it is striking and well told. THE LIFE AND LABORS OF W. HOLMAN Cheng, the opium fiend, came of a BENTLEY, A CONGO PIONEER. By His good family and was well educated. Widow. 8vo, illustrated. 6s., tlet. Re- .:'Iran), sorrOvs and reverses, poverty ligious Tract Society, London, 1907. and disease, helped to accomplish the young man's downfall, and he drank CHARITIES DIRE2TORY FOR 1907. Mrs. Mary the bitter dregs of the cup he had put E. David, Editor. • I2mo. $1.00. Charity to his lips. He contemplated st1icide Organization Society, New York. hut was persuaded to visit the Gospel hall, and finally became an inquirer. CHRIST .Nll BL'DDH.. By Josiah Nelson After many struggles he gave up Cushing. 12mo. American Baptist Pubopium, became a preacher of the Gos- lication Society, Philadelphia, 1907. pel, and has rescued many of his fellow countrymen from the bondage of TCRI';:EY ,ND THE TCRKS. By W. S. Mon- 5111. The story is worth reading. roe. 121l10. $1.50. L. C. Page & Co., Boston, 1907. NEW BOOKS J x WILDEST AFRlc. By C. G. Shillings. DR. BAEDEKER AND HIS ApOSTOLIC WORK IN 8'0. $5.00. Harper & Brothers, New RCSSIA. Bv R. S. Latimer. 8vo. Illus- York, 1907· trated. 3S. 6d. /let. ?lforgan & Scott, Lon- THE GRE,TEST VORK IN THE WORLD. By C. B. Titus. 121110. Presbyterian Mission Jon, 1907. Press, Shanghai, 1907. . THE OLD VORLD AND ITs WAYS. By Wm. CHINA AND THE GOSPEL. C. 1. M. Report Jennings Bryan. Illustrated. 8vo. $2.00. for 1907. Illustrated. IS., lIet. China In- The Thompson Publishing Co., St. Lou;,. land Mission, London. Philadelphia and 1[0., 1907. Toronto, 1907.

THE LE.I·ES OF THE TREE. Illustrated Re- port of the B. & F. B. S. 121l10, II6 pp.. British and .Foreign Bible Society, Lon- don, 1907· THE UNVEILED KIST. By F. A. McKenzie. 8vo. I2S.. IIrl. Hutchinson & Co., Lon- don, 1907.

GOD'S MISSION,!{Y PL.l FOR THE VORLD. By Bishop J. W. Bashford. 8vo. 75c. Eaton & l'dains, X ew York, 1907.

THE ~EGRO IN THE SOCTH. His Economic Progress in Relation to His Moral and Religious Development. By Booker T. Washington and W. K Burghardt Du Bois. I2mo. $1.00, lIet. G. M. Jacobs Co.. Philadelphia, 1907,

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1907

~issionarJ CJ(eview

of the World VOL. XXX. No. 9 SEPTEMBER, 1907 VOL. XX. NO.9 Old Series New &ries Published by Funk & Wagnalls Company, 44-60 K 23d St.! N.Y. Isaac K. Funk, Pres" A. W. Wagnalls, "Vice~Pres. and Treas., Robt. Scott, See'y.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES UNREST IN INDIA activity has been developed has been India is awakening to national con- the result of political agitators. The sciousness. The country is stirred by action of the government in deporting the progress of Japan. Already there two leaders of the agitation has al- have been political outbreaks in the ready had a salutary effect. The situ- Punjab, angry demoll3trations in Ben- ation is serious enough, but not alarmgal, much fierce talk in various dis- ing.

tricts, and wide-spread rumors of an FAILURE AND SUCCESS IN JNDIA uprising of India's millions to claim national independence. The Bishop of Madras, of the Dr. Robert A. Hume seems to be Church of England, has a clear state- more apprehensive than some of his ment of the condition of missions in fellow missionaries. He says: India in the "Nineteenth Century."

"There is a strange and dangerous In the beginning it was assumed by unrest in many parts of India. At most denominations that Christianity bottom it seems to be due to (I) the must, of course, first establish itself in feeling that foreigners of all kinds do the centers of commerce; that it must not adequately appreciate the character first reach the higher classes, educated and interpret rightly the actions of In- men, and more intelligent leaders, and dia's people; (2) that when there are permeate down to the lower strata of differences between foreigners and In- society. But the attack on the higher dians impartial treatment is not given class, by the Church of England as and can not be expected; (3) that as well as other denominations, the Indians grow in capacity for position bishop says, has been a failure in and influence they are not trusted and showing any marked results. This is advanced as they should be." partly due to the institution of caste.

On these accounts there is occasion The number of converts from the for dissatisfaction and unrest in gov- higher classes are few. The system . ernmental relations and even in mis- of caste remains unbroken.

sions. It is a difficult situation for the The bishop, however, turns to the government. village districts, using the government Others find no cause for uneasiness. census reports. In the Telugu coun- One who has been in the Indian Civil try, to the north of Madras, the num- Service declares that the word ex- ber of Christians increased from 20,- pressing the situation is not unrest 000 to 220,000 in thirty years. In two but agitation. He says that whatever native States, Travancore and Cbchin, the Christians now form a third of the IS KOREA SOON TO BE CHRISTIAN? population. There has been most wonderful success in the villages and The remarkable progress of Chrisamong the lower classes. He shows tianity in Korea during the past year that, if we omit the Roman Catholics, has given rise to the opinion among who increase very slowly, the rate of missionaries that it will be the first increase of Christians in the last ten country in Asia to become Christianyears has been 50 per cent., thirty- ized. The increase among believers three times greater than the increase during the year is said to be forty per of the population. cent., and the work shows no signs of halting.

CHRISTIAN CHINESE IN JAPAN EVIDENCES OF LIFE IN CHINA A remarkable work has been in Bishop Spellmeyer, who has re- progress among Chinese students in cently been on a tour in China, reports Japan. One outcome of the revival that the thirst for education, for a movement among these Chinese is that knowledge of Western civilization, the a Christian church has been formed. increasing interest in the Bible and the Over thirty young men have profest Gospel message of the missionaries, are their faith by baptism, and the mem- very significant. If the greatest ob- bership is already over fifty. The op- stacles in the past have been agnostic- portunity of getting at these young ism and commercialism, a tendency to men-who will probably be China's fu- mendacity and reverence for ances- ture leaders-and bringing them in tors, there has come a strong reaction. touch with the Gospel, is unique. The Chinese are seeking light on all subjects as never before. "They are no Work among the young men was longer satisfied with the sayings of the undertaken last year by the Y.M.CA. sacred books. They want something of China, at the invitation of the Na- more than rice. They want to know tional Y.M.CA. Committee of Japan. what men are saying and doing in During three months of this year no God's great outside world, beyond the fewer than 250 of the students profest walls. Ancient temples are being conversion, a number have applied for transformed into industrial schools. baptism, and a Chinese pastor has Idols are sometimes cast into the been invited from Tien-tsin. streets to be crusht by the wheels of commerce. In Fuchau I saw idols The great need of the work is sev- great and ugly stored away in a shed, eral large boarding establishments at or rather imprisoned for life. I saw different student centers, where the many idle priests but I saw no idol young men may be kept in touch with worshipers. I have the names of vil- helpful influences. The Japanese Y.M . lages and small cities where the en- . CA. has already erected two such tire population is at least nominally buildings, at a cost of about $10,000 Christian. In one of these a tempk each. These have proved most useful was torn down, in another it was con- for the prosecution of the Christian verted into a church. This thirst for effort; and, after the cost of erection truth and practical knowledge and re- had been defrayed, it was found that ligious light is profoundly significant. the rents paid for rooms made them practically self-supporting.

OF THE

The remarkable advance in self-sup- officials estimate that out of a popu- port in all our mission fields is most lation of IOO,OOO people about 40,000 encouraging. Six members of the An- perished. We were able to do nothing nual Meeting of the West China Mis- for them until the arrival of the Amer- sion amid much demonstrative enthus- ican transport Buford with The Chris- iasm volunteered to go to distant Tibet tian Herald flour. We have now sent and brave unusual hardships to take 30 ,000 fifty-pound bags of flour to that the Gospel message, and two were se- section.

lected to go. The keynote among the "The harvest is now being gathered natives was: Others came to tell us and most of the relief has stopt. In about Christ, let us go and tell others." some places a good crop has come in, AFTER THE FAMINE IN CHINA but in other places it has been almost a failure, so that the famine will pre- Rev. F. M. McCrea of Chihkiang vail again next winter, tho we hope in writes in acknowledging contributions a much smaller area."

to the famine relief fund that there RESULTS OF FAMINE RELIEF was a remarkable response from the Lord's people all over the world to "What will be the result of this work China's plea for help. He says: on the future of Christianity in China?

"Our missionary committee received Ve have good evidence for believing nearly $400,000 (Mexican) an-d the that it will be most favorable in many large committee in SlIanghai received ways. A most profound impression nearly $800,000 (Mexican) . The has been made on all classes from the Shanghai' committee, which was com- highest officials to the coolies and beg- posed of business men and officials, gars on the street. An increasing entrusted all its funds to the mission- number know Christ is the motive for aries for distribution. This is a very these gifts. Talking to a Chinaman significant thing for the business com- some days ago, on a boat coming down munity of Shanghai is largely anti- the Grand Canal, I had been telling missionary and it is a tribute to the him how Christ teaches us to love one missionary body that these level another. Just then we passed a Chi- headed merchants entrusted this large nese junk laden with our famine flour sum of money to them. and he pointed to it and asked: 'Is "It is estimated that nearly if not that the Jesus doctrine?'

quite a million lives have been saved "The officials have never been so cor- by the distribution of these foreign dial as now. The Taotai recently gave funds by the missionaries. But in a feast to the representative of The spite of our efforts, and those of the Christian Herald and members of our officials and wealthy Chinese, multi- missionary committee. He was most tndes have perished. As an example, cordial, and told us he had just re- however, of how dreadful the famine ceived a telegram from the viceroy at has been, there was a magistracy in Nanking, Tuan Fang, expressing his the northeastern part of this province, heartiest thanks to the American peo- just north of the old bed of the Yellow ple for their generosity to the suffer- River and not far from the sea, which ing Chinese. Millions have had their we were not able to reach, and the hearts touched by this practical dem-

onstration of Christian love, and their sion work, says great changes have come to pass recently. A few years homes are open to the missionary and ago, in some of the provinces it would not have been safe for their missiontheir hearts receptive to the Gospel aries to attempt to live in any but Chinese style or to wear any but Chimessage. Everyone feels that the nese dress. With greatest difficulty could places be rented for the occunext few years will see a great in- pancy of their missionaries, and even then riots and disorders were almost gathering as a result of this work. the regular thing to be expected. At the present time, with scarcely an ex- "The practical question is: How are ception, the missionaries reside in se- curity, and they are erecting for them we going to meet this unprecedented houses upon land purchased by the so- ciety. They are even contemplating opportunity? It goes without saying the issuance of an order permitting the missionaries all over the empire that the present force of missionaries to wear foreign dress. Mr. Haste said that their people find the Chinese and native helpers is entirely too small muc~ more friendly and ready to lis- ten to religious instruction. They are to give the Gospel to these waiting opening schools for the Christian training of the children of their conmultitudes. They are not coming to gregations.

us unless we go to them. They are SPIRITUAL AWAKENING IN SOUTH CHINA willing to listen to the message as A few weeks ago a series of meetnever before, millions of them. But ings for native Christians was begun in Macao in connection with the work how can thirty or forty missionaries, of S. C. Todd. God set His seal upon these meetings by marked manifestawith their little bands of helpers, teach, tion of the Spirit's presence and power. For days the Holy Spirit train and shepherd such multitudes? turned His search-light upon the hearts of the Chinese brethren and Brethren in the home-land, we must sisters, and sin and self stood un- masked and undone in the presence of pass on the problem to you. Ve can Him whose province it is to convict of sin, of righteousness and of judgdo no more. Two of our workers, ment.

Doctor ViJliams and Mr. Faris, have Special meetings were held later in vVuchow, primarily for the students been taken from us by the dreaded of the Men's and vVomen's Bible Training Schools, and God poured au! famine fever. Another, Mr. Jones, of Nanking, is at death's dour. Chi- na's 'Rock' is wide open now. In this section at least, we feel that China is ready to surrender to Christ if Christ's followers will but step in now and seize this opportunity. So send us men, your very best, for Jesus' sake." F. M. MC CREA.

GREAT CHANGES FOR THE BETTER The China Inland Mission, with 875 foreign missionaries and associate missionaries in China, all with but few exceptions in the remote interior provinces, is in a condition to feel the pulse of the common people as can no other society. It has missionaries in all of the interior provinces, in some of which they are almost the only preachers of Christianity. I1r. D. E. Haste, the general director of all their mis-

His Spirit. 11r. Philip Hinkey of the missions in China, which should take Alliance :-lission, Vuchow, writes steps for uniting more closely the that the manner of His working has Presbyterian churches in the empire. been very similar to that experienced During the five years that followed, in J'1acao, the prevailing treml being this committee had three meetings as follows: and made much progress.

"First, intellse collviction on the At the meeting in October, 1905, part of the l1ative Christialls, and a they unanimously agreed to prosecute very real exposure of the awfulness of the immediate organization of the prosin. Strong men, conservative, with a posed united church, and urged that high sense of Chinese propriety and attention should be concentrated upon an almost unconquerable aversion to the organization and union of six syn- 'losing face' would come out from the ods, reserving the constitution of a audience without being asked to clo General Assembly to be considered by so, and in the presence of all make a these synods at a' later stage. The most humbling confession of sin and committee also resolved that all the failure, beseeching the Lord to for- information they had collected, togive and cleanse. gether with "Plan of Union," should be laid before the Chinese churches. "Second, after the cleansing came It was also recommended that each the work of yielding all to God and Chinese presbytery or c1assis, should definite!:)' receiving the H ol~/ Spirit to appoint two delegates, and instruct fill and possess spirit, soul and body. these to meet in Shanghai shortly be- fore or after tf.Je General Missionary "Third, after several days of the Conference in 1907. Spirit's working there were pronounced evidences of Satanic displeas- These representatives of the Chiure and hatred in form of demonlacal nese churches met in the chapel of the attack alld possession. Two brethren Presbyterian Mission Press in Shangwho, perhaps, had been most richly hai on April 19. The Rev. Hunter blest, were the subjects of attack, but Corbett, D.D., Moderator of the 1906 victory was given through the name General Assembly of the Presbyterian of Jesus." Church in America, was chosen chair- man. Two Chinese recording secre- A marked result of these services has been the salvation of souls. In one c. taries were chosen, and the Rev. J. meeting four unsaved women knelt at the altar, weeping bitterly for their Garritt, D.O., of the Central China sins and accepted Jesus as their Sa- Presbyterian Mission, was chosen as VIOr. Several men have also been corresponding secretary. The "Plan saved. In :Macao thirteen were bap- of Union" was approved and the comtized on the closing day. mittee agreed to proceed with the or- ganization of the United Presbyterian THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF Church. A series of resolution's were CHRIST IN CHINA framed to be submitted to the presby- teries and synods. When these res- In October, 1901, at a conference of olutions have been approved by these Presbyterian churches in Shanghai, Chinese church courts, the union will it was resolved to appoint a committee representing ,all the Presbyterian

be complete, and there will be but one of the China Inland Mission. The Presbyterian Church in China. consummation of this plan will there- fore eventually result in the union of The resolutions include the follow- twelve churches in one organization. ing points: The name of the united church in Chinese may be translated- THE ONWARD MARCH IN NEW "The Presbyterian Church of Christ GUINEA in China." Each c1assis shall appoint two members who, together shall form Glad news of the victorious spread a council, and shall meet once every of the Gospel comes from that part of two years to consider all such ques- New Guinea where the faithful mistions as may be referred to it. sionaries of the Rhenish Missionary Society have been laboring and The Church as org-anized will com- preaching many years. At Ragetta. prize these six synods: Manchuria, Kaiser Wilhelm's Land, twenty Patwo presbyteries, I2,000 communi- puas-fourteen adults and six children cants; North China, four presbyteries, -have been baptized, the first fruits of 8,450 communicants; Central China, the coming harvest. All these consix presbyteries, 5,033 communicants; verts had undergone a long and very South Fukien, two presbyteries, 4,200 thorough time of preparation, until it communicants; East Kwangtung became apparent to the most skeptical (Swatow) , two presbyteries, 4,200 observer that the Word of God, by the communicants ; West Kwangtung help of the Holy Spirit, had wrought (Canton), two presbyteries, 6,200 a complete change in these people. communicants. One of them, Malai, had been an in, quirer many years and had applied for The total number of communicants baptism in I90I. But the power of is now over 40,000, the number of Chi- his heathen associations finally kept nese ministers is about 100, and the him back from following Christ outnumber of ordained missionaries is side the camp at that time. Now he about 200. has followed his Savior, and he took the lead of all in burning the instru- The mission churches of the follow- ments used by the heathen Papuas in ing churches in America and Great their mysterious rites. He even dared Britain are thus united in one church: to cut down a "divine tree," from United Free Church of Scotland, Pres- which the surrounding villages picked byterian Church of Ireland, Presbyte- the leaves for the performance of sorrian Church in the U. S. A. (North), cery. The examination of the candi- Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. dates for baptism was very thorough (South), Cumberland Presbyterian and lasted two hours. Church, Reformed Church in America, Presbyterian Church of England. The It is a peculiar phenomenon that following churches are also included these first baptisms in German New in the "Plan of Union," and are now Guinea have not caused renewed perin correspondence with the home au- secutions, but have rather led to nuthorities regarding the matter: Pres- merous requests for instruction and byterian Church in Canada, Church of baptism. Thus thirteen Patiuas have Scotland, Presbyterian Church of New come forward at Ragetta, seven at Zealand, Reformed Church in the Siar, two in the island of Seg. United States, and the Presbyterians In the event of a temple being burned so that it is probable that there are the priests go about soliciting contri- more gods than people in the peninsu- butions for rebuilding it. Often some la. The worship of other spirits, or rich men will undertake to rebuild it, of Confucius, does not debar such wor- hoping thus to receive favors in a fu- shipers from being Buddhists, for the ture life. When a temple is first built whole nation from the emperor down one of the larger beams used support- has a measure of faith in Buddhism, ing the roof is split and hollowed out and enormous sums are sent from the making a large receptacle. The two palace and the houses of rich men to halves are then again united and bound the Buddhist temples. The Buddhist around with iron leaving only a small "Chai" corresponds to the Mass in the hole leading to the cavity where gifts Roman Catholic church so far as it of especial value, such as gold and sil- is believed to be efficacious in bring- ver rings or hairpins, are deposited ing the souls of the dead out of suffer- by the faithful. Sometimes the offer- ing and giving them an entrance into ings are numerous and valuable, but happiness. The Buddhist mass consists no one can get them out, except in of repetition of prayers, chants, beat- case of fire or when the temple has ing of drums and blowing of horns. A fallen into serious decay and this treas- royal sedan chair made after the ure is needed for repairs. Six or same fashion as that used by the em- seven years ago in the Province of peror is also used for the soul of the Chulla a temple burned and the hidden dead to ride in as it enters Paradise.

treasure is said to have amounted to On the mountain side a gate is made $20,000. There is also a custom of of trees and branches which repre- collecting offerings on the great festi- sents the gate of Paradise and through val day in the seventh month. The this the royal chair is borne. When temple outside the West Gate of Seoul returning to the temple, however, the on this day, a few years ago, received chair is never brought back through 'an offering of $3,200, but the next year this gate as the· great object is to get on the same day the offerings amount- into Paradise to go no more out. The ed to less than $400. * There is no such Buddhists' doctrine is that the wel- thing as weekly or monthly contribu- fare of the departed soul is measured tions, but the people give whenever by the offerings presented, so that the they feel inclined. more money spent in performing mass Confucianism the greater the glory of the departed Many of the higher classes study the spirit. The Buddhists also teach that when classics and are called Confucianists, the royal chair is borne into Paradise but the common people of Korea be- all who assist in carrying it or even lieve that each mountain has its special those who touch it or any of its cords divinity and sacrifices are offered store up for themselves merit for the there as well as at the wayside shrines, and to the three or four special gods . future life. This is so firmly believed by the people that thousands go to the supposed to preside over each house, temples near Seoul on such oc.casions * The above sums are given in Korean dollars, (always at night), especially women, which must be divided by 4 to reduce them to U. S, who out-numbered the men two to gold.

Christian churches, since they are sup- prayer taught by Buddhist priests is posed to offer their sacrifices and a form of six characters, "Na mii a me prayers and then go out. The Kang ta biil." A free translation of this Sa therefore addresses a standing au- would be: "0 everlasting Buddha, dience. He reads from the sacred when I die I will come trusting in books and preaches somewhat as thee." This is to be repeated over we do, inculcating right morals, and and over again. The oftener the connecting the hope of blessedness in prayer is repeated the larger the store a future life with correct conduct here. of merit. Buddhism does not teach Buddhist Idea of Sin people to pray any other prayer, but it is common for the people to go to The Buddhist idea, however, of sin the temples and pray for children, for and righteousness, is very different recovery from sickness, for wealth, from our own. There are 240 com- etc.

mandments, but of these the ones most The priests in the country places emphasized are the following: First are said to obey the rules of their or- and most important is the command, der, viz: as to a celibate life, abstain- "Thou shalt not kil1." This refers not ing from meat, tobacco, beer, etc., etc., only to the killing of men, but also to but the priests in the temples about mosquitoe", fleas, and whatever has Seoul are different, and those who live sentient life. The taking of life in without women, beer and tobacco are the Buddhist doctrine is the most hei- rare. They live openly with the wom- nous of sins'. ,]:he second mmmand- en who bear their children, in ham- ment in importance is, "Thou shalt not lets near the temples, calling the wom- drink 'saoI' " (native beer). This com- en not wives, but sisters or aunts.

mand is not only not to become intox- None of them work to support them- icated, but means total abstinence, and selves, but go about among the peo- the priests teach that this command- ple asking for rice and money, in re- ment includes not only sool, but also turn for which they give their blessing.

five different herbs, among them to- Priests are never buried in the way bacco, leeks, onions, and others which that ordinary Koreans are buried.

have a strong smell and make the eater Cremation is the rule, and it is claimed offensive to his fellow men. The that from the body of every high third commandment is, "Thou shalt not priest there proceeds, at the time of utter falsehood"; the fourth, "Thou cremation, something resembling a shalt not covet" ; the fifth, "Thou shalt precious stone. It is said to be about not commit adultery" ; the sixth, "Thou as large as an acorn, and shoots out shalt not steal"; the seventh, "Thou through the night air leaving a track shalt· not give way to anger"; the like a rainbow, and is found at the eighth, "Be patient under bad treat- foot of the rainbow-like arch. This is ment," etc. called Sari, and the test whether a The teaching of the priests as to sparkling stone be truly sari or not is prayer is very limited. The people to put it into water when, if it be truly are not taught to pray for their coun- sari, the water does not close up, but try or for anything except for happi- leaves an open channel or hole to the ness in the future life. The only bottom, where it lies. Ths sari is

AND ITS

BY REV. GEORGE SHERWOOD EDDY, KODAIKANAL, SOUTH INDIA 1. The Country. Japan covers an The Japanes~ area of 146,500 square miles-a little II. The People. The Japanese are larger than Great Britain; less than one of the most interesting people the State of California, less than one- in the world. The population of 50,.

tenth of the size of India, or about the 000,000 is one-sixth of India a:1cl one- size of the Madras Presidency. The eighth that of China. Insular, uncon- Island-Empire is composed of four quered and with an unbroken dynasty, large islands, and some four thousand the people of Japan stand out as smaller ones. Raised from the oeean- unique in Asia. They are divided bed by volcanic disturbances, it is to- between nobles, gentry or Samurai, day a land where volcanoes are still and the Commons, but no caste dis- occasionally active, and where slight tinctions have hindered the progress imperceptible earthquakes-as record- of Japan; the lowest man may rise to ed by the delicate seismograph records the highest office. Education is free -occur with the frequency of the beat- to all; and as one great democratic ing of the human pulse. Once 111 nation, they are advancing together.

about twenty years comes a destruc- Physically they are of the Mongolian tive earthquake with great loss to type, but are short, strong and sturdy.

property and life. As in many other countries the classes The climate is varied and very try- are often physically weak.

ing to foreigners. During the first As to their characteristics (I) first week of the Student Convention in and foremost, the Japanese are patri- Japan, we saw snow five inches deep, otic, with a love for their emperor and lying white as wool over every moun- . their land that amounts to devotion, tain and valley, covering the plains, with fond pride in their country, and burdening the trees, and affording willing to sacrifice themselves for its many Indian delegates the first sight good.

of snow. The second week we saw (2) They are essentially practical.

the cherry blossoms of spring in full With little interest in speculative ques- bloom. Japan is rich in minerals, tions of philosophy, psychology and more rich in agriculture, producing the like, they have developed great large quantities of rice, silk, tea, etc., mechanical genius and look for prac- but richest of all in its great and grow- tical utility in everything. They do ing manufactures. Only 13 per cent. not talk mLlch, but they practise; they of the land in Japan can be cultivated are not a nation of orators, and agita- as against an average of 37 per cent. tors, but they are men of action and in European countries. The scenery bring things to pass.

is indeed beautiful, one undulating (3) They are intelligent, quick, pre- mass of mountains, covered with the cocious, shrewd, with good perception evergreen of pine and fir, and inter- and strong memory. Not so profound laced with beautiful green valleys of as China, and not so subtle and specu- growing rice and other grains, dotted lative in intellect as India itself, they thickly with tiny villages of brown are nevertheless a remarkably brigh'

wooden houses. people. (4) They are ambitious, progress- perhaps this, more than anything else, ive, sensitive to cnticlsm and de- is the secret of their success. Thev termined to be excelled by no one; are ready to learn from everyone and never accepting the traditions of the to receive the good and the true past, but always striving for better wherever they can find it. They have things in the future; never pleading imported an army of foreign teachers, the word "custom" as an excuse for and have sent their students throughbad practises, they are bent upon prog- out the West in search of knowledge. ress. Instead of being chained to the past, they have been open-browed to the (5) They are imitative, finding the future. Japan· may be called the best in the practise of other nations, France of Asia rather than its England and learning throughout the world, or Germany. they have forge. to the forefront in Western civilization. They do not Moral Character blindly adopt, but skilfully adapt to their own needs and improve. They Turning now to their moral characseek neither to ape foreign manners, teristics, among their strong points nor reject any good thing because it might be mentioned loyalty-ioyal is foreign, but hold fast the best in to their sovereign and to their parents their own traditions, and ever seek to from the days of old they have relearn from other nations. tained this virtue in their religious life. Fdial piety is almost as strong (6) They are enthusiastic, impulsive in Japan as in China and in India. but not so persistent and strong as They also have the joint family systhe Chinese. tem. Self-control is another result of their past traditions and practises, and (7) They are an esthetic people, it is one of the secrets of their while the Chinese are ethical. Great strength. lovers of beauty, cultivating flowers, admiring the hills and the sunset, If we were compelled to see the creating works of art, they are truly faults in a people that have so many lovers of the beautiful. virtues, we should mention their materialism,largely the result of their (8) They are cheerful, light-hearted past beliefs. They have-like the and, in general, happy; not so deeply Chinese-become more worldly than meditative as India, not so serious as religious; with the influence of Con- China, the Japanese are more cheer- fucianism, they have tended to neglect ful than either. God and to occupy themselves with the things that are seen. On the ma- (9) They are courteous and polite, terial plane their progress has been so burdened with an elaborate etiquette brilliant and rapid that it is doubtful and ceremonial with profuse low bow- if India will ever overtake Japan in ings, much formality in speech, they commerce and manufacture, great are, nevertheless, like the Chinese and tho her progress will be in these the people of India, most truly polite. lines; but it is equally our conviction They have not, however, as fine an that as Japan excels on the material innate sense of gentleness and kind- plane, so India excels upon the religness as the people of India, tho both of them excel the East in these virtues.

( 1O) They are open-minded and

ious and spiritual plane. Often in true Christian is saved who accepts the darkness of superstition and be- the power of Christ. clouded by ignorance or untruth, the people of India have ever been relig- Pride and self-sufficiency are anious; their vocation is spiritual; this other source of weakness in the J apanis their message to the world. Japan ese. As Dr. Sidney L. Gulick, in his will have as much to learn from India "Evolution of the Japanese," points out in spiritual things as India has to learn the characteristics of the Japanese are from Japan in material things. And sociological rather than biological; that while we seek to improve our social is, they are rather the result of their and material conditions in India; while past training and environment in their we try to learn from Japan what Ja- religion than the inherent tendencies of pan has learned from the 'vVest, let us the nation. Under the same condinot forget our high calling; let us not tions we would be where the Japanese surrender the Pearl of Great Price; are, and under our conditions the let us keep God first before worldly Japanese would. be like us. In the gain, the spiritual before the material. last analysis we are all brothers be- May India fulfill the great purpose fore God, with the same human nature, that God has for her in Christ. capable of yielding to the same temp- tations under an unfavorable environ- Untruthfuilless is a charge brought ment, capable of being uplifted and against many of the Japanese. Many saved by the same Gospel if we reof them, it is true, are the soul of ceive the truth that God has for the honor, and the Japanese probably world. After all we should view the excel us in India in that respect, but faults of the Japanese with charity. Japan, as a nation, has not a reputa- As Mr. Uchimura well says: "My tion for commercial honesty, and any nation is yet a child in Christ." When business man in the far East would we remember that India has had Protrather carry Gn trade with a China- estant Christianity for two hundred man than with a Japanese. years, China for one hundred years, and Japan less than fifty years, we Unchastity is a still greater blot should rather rejoice at their marvelupon the national life. One editor in ous progress than criticize their few Japan states that in one government faults. We should, however, not be school seven out of ten girls were blind to their faults, and we should found to have been unchaste. This pray for them as brothers on the same surely can not be, however, a typical continent. instance. Licensed prostitution, however, is a national blot upon the life J~pZlnese Histo17 of Japan, and the religions of Japan have never furnished an adequate III. The History. If we review the basis for morality. The emperor's history of Japan we might follow Dr. rescript can not make the people good. Wm. E. Griffis in dividing it into four The ethics of Confucianism and the periods. There was (I) the pre-historpromises and threats of Buddhism have failed to make them pure, but ic period: a period of migrationsunder Christianity they will be uplifted and saved from this sin as every Mongol, Tartar, Malay, Chinese, Ko- rean and even Indian. This was a period of warring tribes, with the House of Yamato gradually rising at

JAPAN AND ITS LESSONS

the head of the dominant tribe, until zation, such as the telegraph, the rail- its leader became the Mikado of Japan. way, electric machines, plows, sew- With the introduction of Chinese· ing-machines, lamps, locks and books, letters and culture in the fifth century Commodore Perry invited Japan to A.D. begins the growth of that mili- open her doors to the world's trade tary system of feudalism and the rise and leave her seclusion and stagnation of the Samurai, who were at once the of the past. She had either to enter soldiers and scholars of Japan-the a new era of progress or perhaps to white flower of Japanese civilization. lose her national independence, and (2) We next come to the thousand Japan awoke from her long seclusion, years of Buddhism, from the sixth to turning right about face from the the sixteenth century. Introduced worship of the past to that of the about 552 A.D. there set in a stream future; from the traditions of her of influence from China through ancestors to the enlightenment of Korea that molded the religion, the modern civilization. Throughout the education, the culture and the art of empire schools, manufactories, foun- Japan. For almost everything Japan dries and institutions were rapidly has, she has received from others; established, and in 1859 the American Buddhism from India; Confucianism missionaries entered the empire. 1868 from China; much of her ancient civil- marks the year when·· the pr"esent ization from Korea, and her modern emperor, as a young man, signed the civilization from the West. Her will- foreign treaties and swore the great ingness to receive from others has "charter oath" that the government been her mark of true greatness. should be according to public opinion; (3) There was the era af secl1~sio1t that justice should be administered; from 1600 to 1868, when Japan be- that knowledge should be sought came a hermit nation, banishing the throughout the whole world and to political Christianity of the Jesuits "rebuild the empire according to the from the Island. The Emperor Iyeyasu right way." Calling expert foreigners instituted civil reforms and strength- from every nation, Japan has gone for- ened the country from within. During ward by leaps and bounds. For thirty all this period, however, there was the years more than three thousand for- leavening influence of the Dutch at eigners have labored in Japan as Nagasaki, and the silent preparation teachers, engineers, physicians, mili- of the nation for the sudden change tary and naval leaders, and financial that was to come with the introduction and political advisers, to reconstruct of modern civilization. the empire. From Great Britain she re- (4) The modern era af Meiji or of ceived most of her political and finan- "enlightened civilization" began in cial reforms; from France her first 1868. In 1853 Commodore Perry's military system, which is now formed peaceful Armada arrived from Amer- upon the German model; from Ger- ica, laden, not only with guns, but· many her medical science, and chiefly with gifts from the Western world, from America her educational" system indicating its commercial, scientific and impulse in trade and manufacture.

and religious advancement. Loaded Verbeck, the Duff of Japan, molded with illustrations of occidental civili- the national system of education and

helped to organize the Imperial Uni- ness of the Japanese as a people, versity. Here again we see the secret rather than moral cleanliness. It has of Japan's success. Not only has she resulted in the political dogma of the called more than 3,000 foreign instruc- mikado and has exalted patriotism tors to her shores, but she has sent a to the place of religion. It declares far larger number of students through- the emperor to be descended from out the other countries of the West to heaven, and finds but slender basis for seek education, and to improve methods morality in the imperial decree. An in manufacture and industry. The aid to patriotism, it has been a failure ships upon which we traveled bore as a religion; indeed, it can scarcely groups of young Japanese bound for be called a religion at all. It is rather a England, America and Germany to mode of official etiquette. Its sum of pursue courses of study in those lands. human duty is-"follow your natural impulses, and obey the laws of the Japanese Religions State." Almost without morals and without immortality, Shintoism has IV. The Religions. From ancient but a feeble hold upon the people. times Japan has had three religions: Shintoism, "The Vay of the Gods," Con fuciallism maybe defined as with its worship of ancestors and its "morality touched with emotion." It emphasis upon the past; COJ1f~tciallism, ignores the Godward duties of man in with its system of ethics and emphasis emphasizing exclusively human relaupon the present life; Buddhism, with tions. While it has been a great moral its religious worship, its sensuous nir- barrier and preventive of some forms valla and its emphasis upon the future of sin, it has cut the tap door of proglife. In primitive Japan, all the lower ress. It has kept China chained to forms of paganism prevailec1, such as her past and hindered the progress of fetishism, spirit worship, tree and ser- Japan. Its code of ethics may be pent worship. summed up in the five relationships of ruler and subject; father and son; hus- Shintois1Il) a combination of nature- band and wife; the elder and the worship and ancestor-worship, is younger brother; friend and friend. simply the primitive cult of Japan, Socially and politically strong, it IS codified and nationalized. With its religiously weak. Its root idea 111 plain shrines without idols or images; Japan is loyalty. After its revival 111 its offerings to the gods; its liturgies the seventeenth century, it gained a and prayers; worshiping the forces of strong hold, with its' Chinese classics, nature, spirits, ancestors anel heroes, upon the upper classes, and was the it has culminated in the worship of basis of education until r870. It is the emperor, who has come to be re- now, however, a mere moral code and garded as a god. It finds its basis is but little regarded. Never so popufor morality in the imperial decree. lar with the masses as Buddhism, it Sin is viewed, not so much as a moral has lost its hold upon the educated offense against God, but as a cere- classes in their desire for Western monial pollution, and upon this view learning, and it is felt in Japan that worship largely becomes a matter of China can no longer be her teacher, ceremonial purification. The fruit of and that Confucianism must now be the system has been physical cleanli-

JAPAN AND ITS

relegated to the dead religions of the to cope with the advances of Christi- past. anity. But Buddhism has failed to Buddhism, which entered Japan satisfy the educated classes, and is about 552 A.D. has the strongest hold already beginning to lose its hold upon upon the masses of the people. Enter- the masses. The revival of Buddhism, ing Japan in the sixth century, it did like the higher Hinduism, is placing not for three centuries entirely per- old wine in new bottles. Buddhism meate Japan. The Buddhism of Japan was the past educator of Japan, but it is not the Buddhism of India. Enter- has served its day and must give way ing Japan 1,000 years after Gautama to the daylight truth which Christian- had died, it had been largely changed ity is bringing to Japan.

from its original form. The Northern BUlhido Buddhism, unlike the Southern Bud- dhism of Ceylon and Burma, which Bushido or the "The Warriors'

has retained more nearly its original Way" is simply the code of ethics of form, passed on through China and old feudal Japan. It is the spirit of Korea into Japan, and outgrew the military feudalism, which some are thought of its founder; losing much trying to revive in order to satisfy of its original purity, and the high modern Japan. Taking its idea of moral purpose of Buddha, it grew in loyalty from Shinto, its ethics from religious value, holding still to the old Confucianism and its feudalism from belief in transmigration and the law Buddhism, it emphasizes the virtues of Karma. The Buddhists of Japan, of rectitude, courage, benevolence, for the most part, believe in a personal courtesy, veracity, loyalty and self- God, devout religious worship and a control, but it has failed to emphasize future heaven and hell. The old chastity among men, and has en- Buddhism taught salvation by the couraged suicide and the spirit of re- study of the whole canon, by asceti- venge; worse than all, it has ignored cism and meditation, but the new sect God. It is in no sense a religion, and of Buddhism in Japan, taught of a per- can never satisfy the unsatisfied heart sonal God, copying much from Christi- of Japan. As Murata Tsutoma says, anity, and trying to reproduce Chris- "The truth is, Japan is at present tian institutions. The Shin sect re- without a system of ethics," and we nounces penances, pilgrimages, and might add-without a religion that can charms, teaching salvation by faith, hold or satisfy her. Japan is in a instantaneous conversion and sanctifi- state of transition; Shintoism is but a cation with a future sensuous nirvana. pale cult of patriotism; Confucianism It imitates 01ristian institutions 111 is a mere moral code; Buddhism, a Sunday-schools, Young Men's Bud- mass of superstition. None of these dhist Associations, summer schools, can ever satisfy Japan. Japan has preaching services, army work, care accepted the spirit of Western civili- for the outcast and for women, and zation without the religion which can charitable institutions. They have en- alone control and meet the high de- deavored, by expurgating the old mands of that spirit. As one leading faith and reconstructing it, to show a Japanese says: "We have accepted a new front in order more successfully great machine of Western civilization,

but we have not the moral oil with painful preparation. From 1872, when which to run it." the prohibitory edicts against Chris- tianity were removed, to I890 was the V. Christianity in Japan. In I549 period of rapid advance. From r8g0 Francis' Xavier, after rapidly passing to 1904 came the anti-foreign reaction down the coast of India, reached the with a final effort to revive the old Straits and was the means of the con- religions. But since the recent war version of a young Japanese in Ma- with Russia, owing largely to missionlacca. Urged by him to enter Japan, aries, and to the work of the Y. M. C. Xavier spent two years there before A. with the army in Manchuria, prejhe passed on toward China. Followed udice has given way to a friendly by a large number of zealous priests, attitude toward Christianity. A large within thirty years, using every relig- section of the Japanese army passed ious, social and political motive that through the reading tents of the Y. M. could be brought to bear upon the C. A., where they were so kindly treatpeople, I50,000 had become Christians, ed, and received such messages of the and the number finally rose, probably, Gospel, that men from the remotest to over half a million. Roman Cathol- villages of Japan were quite changed icism flourished in Japan for a cen- in their attitude toward Christianity. tury (I542-r637), but they instituted the cruel Spanish inquisition, and re- There are, at present, in Japan, 889 fused to give the people the Bible. mlsslOnaries, Protestant communi- The priests also were suspected of cants numbering 48,087 and a total working for the political interests of Protestant'community of 60,862. The Spain and in I606 the emperor issued Roman Catholic community numbers an edict prohibiting Christianity and 59,437 and the Greek Christians 29,- finally banished it with much blood- I IS. Protestant Christianity is gainshed. I t is said that one thousand ing far more rapidly than the others; priests and two hundred thousand of while the Roman Catholic Church the laity were killed. One edict read: added in baptisms last year some 5r 3, and the Greek Church 656, Protestant So long as the sun shall warm the earth, Christians were added in infant baplet no Christian be so bold as to come to tisms I,439 and adults 4,41 r, or a total Japan. The King of Spain himself, or the of 5,850. Of the 529 churches in Ja- Christians' God, or the great God of all, pan, I03 are entirely self-supporting, if he violate this command, shall pay for it and a larger number are rapidly ap- proaching this point. Japanese Chriswith his head. tians gave last year $go,ooo toward self-support and the propagation of During the two centuries and a half the Gospel. The communicants of the of seclusion, when Japan remained a principal churches are divided as folhermit nation (r600-I868), there were lows: Church of England 6.473, still many secret Christians in the land Methodists 8,963, Congregationalists and the Dutch leaven was working in IO,98g, Presbyterians 15,°76. All the Nagasaki, the single seaport that was Congregational churches become selfallowed them. supporting this next year, the Am- erican Board having given a parting Proteatant Missions In I859 Protestant missionaries were first permitted to enter Japan. From 1859 to 1872 was the period of

grant for three years, and all the Christian community, and its failure stronger churches uniting to under- to extend sufficiently its operation to take the support of the weaker ones, the masses and the lower classes. (7) the entire body now becomes independ- Unity, with an emphasis on practical ent, and other churches are rapidly issues, and an unwillingness to per- following. The Methodist Mission petuate the divisions and discussions churches of three separate Boards of the historic Christianity of the West.

in United States and Canada have The Japanese are insisting upon, and just united under their own native largely effecting a union of various bishop. groups of churches, and are looking Our impressions of the character- toward ultimate union in Japan. In istics of Japanese Christianity, inclu- this respect they are ahead of India.

ding its virtues and its faults, include: The opportunity for the spread of (I) Strong independence with a readi- the Gospel in Japan to-day is almost ness to stand upon their own feet, to unequaled by that presented in any bear responsibility, to undertake lead- other country. The old religions are ership, and to be unwilling to accept losing their hold, or have already lost foreign aid a moment longer than is it. Christianity alone can satisfy necessary, tho receiving freely every- Japan. Among 400 students in three thing that can be learned from higher institutions-as recently stated foreign countries. (2) Self-support, by a Buddhist magazine-the religions and the willingness to pay the price of profest by the students were as fol- their independence. In this respect lows: Confucianists, I; Shintoists, I; India has much to learn from Japan. Buddhists, IS; Christians, 4; Atheists, (3) Strength of character, and the 60; Agnostics, 282. The Christians ability to think and act for themselves. are exerting a powerful influence (4) A too liberal theology with a throughout the empire and while only tendency to take up with every new one two hundred and fiftieth 'part of doctrine, a fondness for rationalistic the population, they are supporting thought and a lack of stability in their one quarter of the organized benevo- theological thinking and consequently lences and have four times their pro- a lack of deep spirituality. (5) Con- portion of representatives in the v:J.ri- servatism in method, and a lack of a ous diets of the National Assembly, sufficient sense of evangelistic respon- and furnish prominent editors, admi- sibility. In fact Japan has been so rals, officers of the army, statesmen taken up with the problem of self- and leading officials and writers.

government and self-support, that Throughout Japan Christianity has they do not seem, as yet, to have given thus far gained far more in quality the prominence they should to the than in quantity. The Japanese thought of the evangelization of Japan. Christians have their faults, but when In this respect, however, they will we remember that the Gospel has been soon advance rapidly. (6) The High, preached there less than fifty years, we Social Position, education, and as com- _can view their faults with charity and pared with India, the wealth of the their future with hopefulness. THE METHODIST UNION IN JAPAN * BY REV. GIDEON F. DRAPER, NAGOYA, JAPAN Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church North) Vhatever the view of the optimist, revised the basis of union suggested or pessimist, as to the advisability of by the members in Japan, and finally this movement, it is an accomplished sent out two of their number from each fact. Some have thought it should church who should have power to conhave been earlier when naturally summate the union on the field. formed prejudices were yet weak and denominational spirit not yet pro- In accordance with their instrucnounced. Others thought it prema- tions a General Conference was called ture because of the financial weakness to meet in Tokyo, in the new chapel of of the Japanese churches and other the Aoyama Gakuin, on the 22d of reasons. But to one who was on the May, over which the commissioners scene and a partaker in the work it should preside until such time as the would seem to have been God's own new church should be ready for organtime for the accomplishment of one ization. There were four annual more step in the grand unification of conferences on the field, two belongall His children. ing to the Methodist Episcopal Church and one each to the Methodist Episco- These councils seemed sometimes pal Church (South) and to the Methlike the very gate of heaven. To be odist Church, Canada. The General sure there ·were serious difficulties, Conference was composed of an equal [,trong divergencies of opinion, some number of clergy and laymen and on heartburnings and some disappoint- the basis of one representative for ments, but as a whole it was a glorious every five ministers the total membersuccess and we are hoping great things ship was 33 clerical and 33 lay delefor the Methodist Church of Japan. gates, or 66 in all, 38 of whom came from the two conferences first men- This 'union has been under consid- tioned, and I2 from the Methodists eration for many years, but there were (South), with I6 from the Canadian "lions in the way" and it failed of conference. realization until the matter was brought to the attention of the General The General Conference opened at Conference of the Methodist Episcopal 9 A. 11. on the 22d with most of the Church in Los Angeles, Cal., three delegates in their seats. When the years ago, as a result of renewed and roll was perfected it was found that energetic action on the part of those nine of the delegates were Americans, on the field. This General Conference including two women, who came as approved the union and appointed a lay delegates from the South Japan commission with power to act. A Conference. similar provision was made by the General Conferences of the Methodist The Conference was opened by Episcopal Church (South) and the Bishop Cranston, one of the commis- Methodist Church of Canada. The sioners. The other commissioner from joint commission thus established met the same church was Dr. A. B. Leonseveral times in the United States and ard. The Methodist Episcopal Church ( South) sent Bishop A. W. Wilson • Mentioned in The Review for August. and Dr. W. R. Lambuth, and from

final approval of all that was done large and prosperous churches, b~t to must be obtained. They reported on a small and financially weak body, Saturday, June 1St, that their work accustomed to having its fiscal burdens had progressed sufficiently for the for- borne by the mother churches, they mal organization ,If the new church seemed portentously large. Never un- and certain sections of the prospective til this year, have they had a pastor laws were read in both languages. receiving as much as 80 yen per month In accord with the provisions of the and most of the pastors do not have discipline the conference proceeded half that sum. Only a few of the immediately to the election of a bishop, churches are as yet able to dispense first uniting in a quiet season of prayer. entirely with mission aid; but this Of the fifty ballots cast Y. Honda, union and the spirit of independence president of the Aoyama Gakuin, re- it has developed will be a mighty spur ceived forty-two and was declared to systematic giving and the true spirit elected. of self-support.

Up to this time the body had been The Conference provided for several in reality but a delegated assembly to Boards, fixing the number of mana- make ready for the new church, but gers for each as follows: Missions, from Monday morning, June 3d, with including church extension, 16; Sun- a discipline sufficient for such an or- day-schools, including Wesley En- ganization and a general superintend- deavor Societies, 8; Publications, 8; ent ·duly elected and con6ecrated, the Education, 12. There is also a per- assembly convened as the first regular manent Committee on Finance com- General Conference of the Methodist posed of six persons and a Committee Church of Japan. Bishop Cranston, of twenty on the Forward Movement.

on behalf of the commissioners, for- A standing Business Committee of mally introduced the new bishop and twelve was also provided to which all handed the organization over to his . matters of business may be referred presidency. He accepted the responsi- during the four years' interval between bility with words that evidenced an the regular sessions of the General appreciation ot the burdens and duties Conference.

that it brought, basing his remarks on One of the most difficult problems the Scripture lesson he had just read, for the Commission was the relation including Christ's words, "My yoke is of the missionaries to the new body.

easy and my burden is light." Questions of constitutional law at The conference began to realize its home were involved as well as the responsibilities when the Committee on interests of the work here and of the Evangelism brought in a strong report men and women who had given their calling for a "Forward Movement" lives to it. The Commission ruled and naming 5,000 yen ($2,500) as the that the missionaries must, if they con- amount needed for the year's work. tinued to be missionaries of the home In addition to this the Conference Ex- churches, and supported by them, have pense Committee brought in a bill for some connection with these churches.

about 1,300 yen and the annual ex- Would the Japanese be willing to penses for the bishop were fixt at grant them any privileges in their new 3,000 yen. These seem trivial sums to church while they thus continued as

METHODIST UNION IN

members across the ocean? The pas- Cranston also took leave of the consage of the following resolution by the ference at the same time. General Conference solved the difficulty most satisfactorily: One of the last resolutions adopted calls for an annual observance of the Resolved, That every missionary regu- Day of Pentecost, to be a day of spelarly appointed by the Methodist Episcopal cial prayer for the outpouring of the Church, the Methodist Episcopal Church Spirit on all the churches. (South), or the Methodist Church, Canada, to ~ork in cooperation with the Methodist In closing I note a few points in the Church of Japan as contemplated in the discipline. Basis of Union adopted by the Commissioners of said Churches, shall by virtue of such 1. The Articles of Religion number eighappointment be entitled to all the rights and teen. No. 16, on Civil Government, is as privileges of actual membership in the An- follows: Believing that the powers that be nual Conference where his service is being are ordained of God as taught in the Holy rendered, so long as his administration and Scriptures, we revere the emperor of one conduct conform to the discipline of the ancient and unbroken lineage, who is the Japanese Methodist Church. rightful Sovereign of the Empire of Japan, respect the Constitution, and observe the Every such missionary, who may in wri- laws. 2. The general superintendents are to ting elect to serve in this relation, shall be be elected by the General Conference for a subject to the assignment and direction of term of eight years, and are eligible to the missionary authorities of the church reelection. 3. The presiding elders or chairby which he is supported, in consultation men of the districts into which the annual with the kantoku. conferences are divided can serve but four years and then must serve four years in In the event of his non-conformity to our some other capacity before being eligible to discipline the kantoku shall in writing so that position again. The Annual Conference advise the missionary authorities of the is to nominate two for each vacant district church to which such missionary is respon- and the bishop appoints one of the nomisible, and the course to be pursued shall nees. He may request further nominations then be determined by consultation between if not satisfied with the first one. 4. The the kantoku and the missionary authorities. pastors are appointed to their various charges by the general superintendent or A further courtesy was extended by bishop from year to year after consultation voting to Bishop Harris the position with the chairmen of the districts. of honorary bishop in their church as a recognition of his faithful and self- The total membership of the church, forgetful labors for Japan and for this including probationers, is 11,000, with union. Their affection for him was about one hundred ordained Japanese very evident. ministers. They raised a total for pas- toral support last year of nearly fif- One of the most touching incidents teen thousand yen ($7,5°0). during the conference was the farewell of the venerable Doctor Carman. Him- Thus is launched a national Methself overcome with emotion he grasped odism for Japan. May we not ask all the hand of Bishop Honda at the close God's people to unite in prayer that of his remarks and by his bearing as her service for the Master may be much as by his words brought tears long and successful. Other churches to the eyes of Japanese and Americans have preceded us in the matter of alike. Doctor Hiraiwa was called up- umon. Others will soon follow. May on to reply, but his voice was so choked this be but the harbinger of the closer with tears that it was difficult for him union for which our Lord prayed! to make his reply audible. Bishop

JINRIKISHA MEN OF

BY REV. J. FRANKLIN RAY, JA1:AN Missionary of the Foreign Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Conventio11 Who has not heard of the jinrik- The kurumaya's common vices are isha, and of the little brown coolie sake drinking, tobacco smoking and who trots along between the shafts of overcharging fares. But it must be his two-wheeled, hooded carriage, said also that many of them are pulling his passenger many a weary sober, polite, honest and trustworthy, mile through busy, narrow streets, or and as a rule are not ungrateful for along the country highway, in all favors and kind treatment. I have kinds of weather and over all sorts of known of a company of them living roads? near the missionary who often gives them employment, remembering his And who among men of human family on Christmas or New Year feelings, if they knew, would not be with a liberal basket of fruit. Our touched with sympathy for the pres- missionary women usuall] feel se- ent almost helpless outlook for this cure and well protected, even when multitude of Japan's burden-bearers? riding alone, so careful are these men Including the families of the jinrik- of the welfare of their passengers. In- isha coolies, there are hundreds of deed, there are many good qualities thousands of these people, in city and and traits of character which, if convillage'throughout the Empire, for secrated to God, would make this large whose souls' needs there is practically class a power for good in the evangelnothing being done, either by mission- ization of Japan. ary or native Christian. Christian work is being done among The kurumaya class includes not the lepers, among the railroad and only those who pull carriages and postoffice employees, and among the draw carts, but also those who do odd degraded and outcasts, but no special jobs, run errands, etc. And they are work is being done for this far larger by no means the lowest or the poorest class of men and women, who seem class. Many of them have influence to be looked upon very much if! the as citizens, own' property, and are same way as beasts of burden are taking advantage of their country's thought of in America. splendid educational system. It is no uncommon thing to see these men I believe that it may be truthfully -the younger generation especially- said that the jinrikisha coolie has a reading books or papers while they are poorer chance of becoming a Chriswaiting for a passenger. They are tian than ever the negro had in his often better acquainted with their en- worst days of slavery; for class distire city than an American policeman tinctions are so observed that the is with his beat. They have abundant Japanese Christians do not seem to opportunities of keeping well in- feel called upon to labor for the conformed, and are usually ready to give version of those belonging to a difinformation to strangers and visitors ferent social standing from themconcerning places of interest in their selves. And thus far the middle city. <;lasses have been led in larger num-

BEACON·LIGHTS IN MISSION

bers to accept Christ than either the field, with the workers at home, that upper or tqe lower classes. True, the Lord may raise up among these some of all classes have been reached, people men who will be leaders-minbut the fact remains that most effort isters and teachers-to bring the Goshas been directed toward the conver- pel message home to the hearts of sion of samurai families and of stu- these multitudes. dents in the schools. Are not the souls of these neglected thousands worth While caste does not prevail in earnest prayer and consecrated effort? Japan as it does in India, yet it is true Just what is needed? Those who have that people of different social standstudied the conditions most carefully ing do not take much interest in each unite in the opinion, that some of their other's welfare. own number must be raised up and trained for this specific work, as were Nothing but the love of God Moses and Joshua chosen to be lead- through Jesus Christ is able to break ers of Israel out of bondage into the down these barriers and make all napromised land. tions and classes one in Him. Let us pray that the Holy Spirit may lead To this end there is a call for uni- some of each and every calling and octed prayer of the missionaries on the cupation into His service, and thus hasten the evangelization of the world.

BEACON-LIGHTS IN MISSION HISTORY FRANCOIS COILLARD OF THE ZAMBESI * BY ARTHUR T. PIERSON Fran<;ois Coillard was another mod- In another sense the major part of ern maker of history. He, with his this life story defies the pen, for it be- equally remarkable wife, have left a longs to the hidden life. There is an permanent impress, not only on the unconscious influence that like the Dark Continent, but on the Reformed springs and streams that supply the churches of the continent of Europe, pools of Bethesda and Silvam, moves and upon all intelligent mission work underground and out of sight. Only the world over. In fact, it is difficult God knows the self-sacrifice, the quiet to estimate at its proper value the in- humility, the patient cross-bearing, the'

fluence of two such lives upon human- waiting that was better than the work- ity. There is an aroma that is not ing, which filled nearly fifty years only diffusive but elusive; it spreads with a sort of service that, from its far and wide and is very perceptible very nature, can have no record.

but equally indescribable: it evades Coillard spent over twenty years in alike the photographer and the biog- . the two semi-independent native states rapher; and the characters of Fran- -Basutoland and Barotsiland. His <;ois and Christina Coillard gave forth was essentially a pioneer work, with this 'pervasive yet evasive perfume. its difficulties and its dangers, neither • "Coillard of the Zambesi" by C. W. Mackintosh. See Book Reviews, August REVIEW.

of which could drive him back or dis- might say to her husband, "Whither may him. Determined to make Africa thou goest I will go-nought but his home, he was from the first one death shall part thee and me·! Wherwith the people he went to uplift, and ever God may call you, you shall never counted not even his life dear unto find me crossing your path." It was himself in his passion for his dear an ideal union, and those two blended Africans. When any man or woman streams of life flowed smoothly ongets to that point of self-oblivion, God ward, and their very motion was has· a chance to reveal what He can music. do-the vessel is only a vessel, passive in His hands and He makes use of it, M. Coillard would not be called filling it with supernatural grace. The great, intellectually; but he was a very power becomes essentially divine. gifted man. He was by nature poet and artist. He had an instinct for As one follows M. Coillard's career, beauty in all its forms, and hymnas he confronts witch doctors, hostile writing was one of his favorite occuchiefs, superstition, bestiality, canni- pations, and his "fables" are perfect balism and cruelty, personal attacks, and much taught the people. His mind inhospitality and ingratitude-"not loved military imagery, and he magnifearing the wrath of the king" nor fied the soldie~ly attitude of obedience, "the violence of the people"; going implicit and immediate; and so beauty where no one else would go, caring and duty were the joint impulses of nothing for personal discomfort, ac- his manhood. cepting self-denial without magnifying it, and enduring hardship without This biography of Miss Mackintosh boasting of it; working without re- sets before the reader a life of unpresults and sometimes with apparent dis- tentious and unconscious heroism. We aster and defeat as his only reward- see this man meeting calmly crises that we feel that Paul was not the last of might appal the most resolute; moving the great missionaries who in his own forward when every hostile force flesh filled up what was behind of the would have driven him backward; afflictions of Christ. accepting tests of faith without flinch- ing, enduring as seeing Him who is And what a companion he had in invisible; vowing a vow of poverty his dear Christina! She had naturally and paying what he had vowed; exa stormy nature, but, like spirit in a posing his own life as if he were imsteed subdued the fire became force. mortal, yet never recklessly casting She became a strong woman in con- himself down; returning from every viction, affection, resolve; force was repulse to a new assault in his resolute firmness; she made up her mind and carrying of the flag to the summit of then went her own way, and nothing the citadel. could turn her back. When converted, she was thoroughly converted; domes- The details of a half century's work tic but not secluded, confident and we can not follow. But his successor courageous, but not bold and mascu- at Leribe has written an "appreciation" line, prouder to be a missionary than of him that is a noble summary of his to be a monarch, forgetting her own people and her father's house that she attainments and achievements.* He • ~ife, PP. 209, 210.

further on than salvation or even on adder and lion and dragon. He sanctification, in SERVICE. He was not learns of the Christ who changed culsnared in that shallow notion which makes our "threescore and ten" a mere prit's cross into conqueror's crown.

In that abiding place with God, a man probation of grace, with saving one's gets heavenly visions, and with celesown soul its supreme end. Only an unselfish aim fits and fills life's grand tial equipment works wonders on the terrestrial plane. '

void. A true man will move the world Coillard did not forget the individuif he can, not taking a stone out of the ality of work-everyone has a sphere way but lifting earth itself to a loftier which no one else can fill. Not only level. It is ambition transfigured into was it true of the great Irishman, aspiration and becoming inspiration. "Nature never formed but one such man, Coillard shows how only what is And broke the die-in molding Sheridan."

eternal can satisfy us-the temporal but it is true of everyone of us-for God never repeats Himself; and is not real enough; it is but as a purple makes no duplicates. Men may theremist roving and hiding the unseen- fore either fill their place, or fail, as the petrified ~haft of eternity behind it did two great men of old to whom that will stand and kiss the azure, God gave a chance of leadership in when ages of cloud and mist have crises of Christian history, but who from sheer timidity lost their opportucome and gone. Only the fool nity.

measures eternity by time: the wise True heroism is commanding. . It man makes time to be measured by the bears the brunt of malicious oppositimeless. But to move the world one tion if need be, but at last even enemust find a fulcrum for his lever in the mies are at peace with the brave soul and worship at his feet. Criticism is eternal-in a point without, not with- most grandly silenced by compelling even detractors to acknowledge the in; and that fulcrum is found only in singleness and unselfishness of one's faith in the eternal God, and that lever aim. Christ won a victory over foes, without a word of self-defense, and in a life of prayer that links man with every disciple should be a new mani- festation of Christ to the world. God. :,~ Coillard found the "secret place of the most High-the will of God where one not only dwells in security but works and wars with success-at once safe from the fowler's snare and the destroyer's arrow, and mighty to tread The political conditions are de- even warriors' clubs. They were exscribed by the Rev. LE. Newell, who tremely superstitious and practised speaks with authority as the senior much wickedness and immorality in missionary in Samoa, with a record of the sacred name of religion. twenty-seven years' service behind him: "Politically the conditions, so far Samoans always seem to have had as we can judge, are favorable and a rough natural .fondness for their hopeful. In eastern Samoa we have children. Infanticide, as it was known in the commandant of the United in eastern Polynesia, was unknown, States Naval Station one in entire sym- but the custom of destroying children pathy with our aims as a mission; and before birth prevailed to a melancholy in German Samoa the return of our extent, and it need hardly be said that tactful, liberal-minded and able gov- the low moral tone of the community ernor, Doctor Solf, from an extended allowed no room for the parents to furlough in Germany, will, we believe, have noble aspirations for their chilsecure that fair and just treatment of dren. . any questions that may arise between us and the imperial German govern- Cannibalism was occasionally pracment which we have learned to expect tised III wartime, and generally a from him." shockingly low type of family life pre- vailed. The beneficial results of mission work are seen in every department of But at the present day what a glothe people's life. Socially, industrial- rious transformation has been wrought ly, educationally, religiously, missions in the Samoan islands! Tribal warhave changed the handsome, lovable fare has diminished under the Illbrown race for the better,. and still fluence of the Prince of Peace; indeed continue to do so to an extent that is it has ceased, with many of its attendquite remarkable. ant evils, since the establishment of a more settled government. Social Conditions Even the veriest globe-trotter, the It was in August, 1830, that the man who calls for a few hours at apostle of the South Seas, who won a Pagopago or Apia, who cares little martyr's crown on Erromauga's beach, or nothing for missionary work, will first vi,ded Samoa and introduced the remark with surprize on the attractive Gospel of Jesus Christ to its people. character of the people; on their conro When John Williams landed, the na- teons and hospitable disposition. And tives were engaged in fierce tribal war- those who know the Samoan can say fare. Indeed 'such guerilla warfare a great deal more. The parents of with its demoralizing results has, un- to-day are very fond of their children til recent years, been a fruitful source and many are exceedingly anxious to of evils. Less than two generations give them the benefits of a good edu- . ago, the Samoans were living in the cation in a mission school. In many gross darkness of heathendom. They ways a beautiful family life has come had but few idols in the usually ac- into being, and few things are more cepted use of the word, but they wor- impressive than this, that in practically shiped birds and fish and trees, add every home in Samoa the day is opened and closed with family devotions, the singing of a hymn, the reading of

A PEARL OF THE

Scripture and the offering of prayer. ity to be robust and intelligent as well Such facts speak for themselves as to as devout, something must be done to the transformation which Christianity uplift them as a people, and so step~ has wrought in the social conditions were taken to show them how to ocof Samoa. cupy their time to greater profit and use the latent brain-power which they Educational undoubtedly possess.

One who loves Samoa does not care In this connection brief mention to call its inhabitants lazy, yet like may be made of three departments of most tropical people, they can hardly industrial work which are well mainbe called energetic. Climate accounts tained by the London Missionary Sofor much. An average temperature ciety in Samoa, viz: carpentry classes, of 87 degrees in the shade by day all tropical agriculture, and printing. the year' round, accompanied by unlimited moisture, encourages rank Carpentry classes are held at the luxuriance of vegetation and myriads Boys' High School at Leulumoega, hosts of insect-life, but it is not con- also at the Malua Institute, and in ducive to sustained hard work. It connection with each of the seven disshould also be remembered that nature trict boarding schools, to which in these tropical regions provides further reference is made later. At bountifully for all creature wants, and the Boys' High School, under the able probably the white man in a temperate climate would not work as hard as he superintendency of the Rev J. W. does if he could get his living as comfortably as the brown man. Hills, the training is systematic and thorough, and forms a most import- The Samoan is of an indolent, easy- ant part of the school curriculum. The going disposition. He rises early in result has been most gratifying. Many the morning; he goes to his planta-' youths have shown marked ability. tion and does a little planting of taros They can make almost any article of or yams, or banana-shoots, with a little furniture that is suitable for island weeding or bush-clearing perhaps use. They can build very serviceable thrown in; then he is ready for break- boats, and they are taking great defast and a bath, and before mid-day light in exercising their newly-acquired he has done with work and can enjoy knowledge and powers for the beautihis sleep and chat and smoke. This fying of their churches and the was and is still true of the average furnishing of their houses. Samoan, who is outside the influence of mission schools and work. Another important department of industrial work at the Leulumoega The early missionaries soon recog- High School is that dealing with tropinized that this life of ease, comforta- cal agriculture. Not far from the ble as it may seem, was by no means school buildings is a plot 01 land, reideal when stern realities had to be cently bush, but now cleared and under faced. It involved evil in the present cultivation. The Samoan has up to and spelled degeneration for the the present been quite satisfied if na: future. As wise and far-seeing men, ture almost unaided supplied him they soon realized that if the Samoans liberally with bananas and preadfruit, were to survive and Samoan Christian- taro and yams, cocoanut and sugar- cane; for these, together with fish and

fowl, and an occasional pig, provided and cheaply done on the spot, and, best him with a plentiful if somewhat re- of all, Samoans are being taught how stricted and monotonous diet. But Mr. to use their hands and brains, and Hills has given practical object lessons occupy their time to greater profit.

to his boys, and now by ocular dem- By such means they are being kept onstration they have learned that from the sins that attend idleness, and the fertile soil of Samoa will grow they are being made increasingly capa- good qualities of cocoa, india-rubber, ble of living side by side with white vanilla, arrow-root, maize, the sweet civilization, be it good or bad: potato and many medicinal plants. Re- Industrial Life sults, too, justify a confident expecta- tion that the information acquired at Here an almost incredible trans- the school will be put to advantageous formation has been wrought. Less use when the lads leave school and go than eighty years ago it might be said to their homes in different parts of the that no such thing as education exist- group. ed among the people. The first work A third branch of industrial work, of the early missionaries was to reduce which has not only been very beneficial the language to writing. As a result from a moral point of view, but also of their efforts and the labors of their successful from the financial stand- successors, many books in the native point, is the Printing and Bookbind- tongue have been written, translated ing Establishment at Malua, under M. and published. There is an excellent H. S. Griffin. When this work was version of the whole Bible, with which inaugurated in 1990, it was with the the name of George Pratt will be for- utmost difficulty that reliable native ever honorably linked; a serviceable labor was obtained, tho excellent hymn-book, containing over four hun- wages were offered. The Samoan dred hymns; a magazine, The Samo- youth found it difficult to remain at an Torch,. published monthly at one systematic work in a printing-office, dollar per annum, with 4,000 sub- even for five or six hours a day, and scribers and probably four times that besides this the more intelligent Sa- number of readers; not to mention moans preferred to train for the Chris- many commentaries and text-books, tian ministry. If the printing establish- and translations of such books as the ment had done nothing else, it would "Pilgrim's Progress," Lew Wallace's have justified its existence by the part "Ben Hur," and Stevenson's "Bottle- it has played in teaching the Samoa,: Imp," the last named perhaps being the dignity of labor, that all useful the solitary instance of a story by an and honorable work is God's work and English writer being published first of may be done to the glory of His name. all in a foreign tongue.

At the present time the initial difficul- In almost all the 220 or 230 villages ties have been overcome. There is a of Samoa there are elementary schools, large staff of native workers. The in which may be found virtually all the works are a valuable financial asset children of the group to the number of the society. Most of the printing of 8,000 or 9,000. In the first three required by the mission-books, mag- vasegas, or classes,' not a great deal azines, pamphlets, etc.-is efficiently of work may be done, but something years' training in a district boarding practical work of the ministry before school, and many have also been he is eligible for ordination. There trained at Leulumoega. They are the are at the present time about 180 or- flower of the Samoan youth in intel- dained pastors. In spite of so pro- lect and spiritual aspiration. After a longed and searching a test, some men theological course, extending over fail and bitterly disappoint apparently four years, the great majority either well-founded anticipations, but taken receive a call to a church, or volunteer all in all, the Samoan pastors are a and are accepted for foreign mission- fine body of men, for whom supporters ary service. of missions should thank God and take This bare recital of facts is eloquent courage.

of the almost incredible progress that In addition to these there are some has been made in things educational in 250 evangelists and local preachers, the Samoan islands. most of whom have also been trained Religious Conditions of the People at Malua or Leulumoega; many of them, indeed, at both places. These Here the transformation is as won- have not been called to a church or derful. To God be the praise! Eighty taken the after examinations, hut they years ago the name of Jesus Christ often preach and assist the pastors in was unknown in Samoa. To-day Sa- many ways.

moa is a Christian land, with a Pro- Sunday-schools are established in testant church and pastor in each of connection with every church, and its 220 or 230 villages, with 8,000 exercise their beneficial influence on church-members and 25,500 other na- between 8,000 and 9,000 children. The tive adherents, out of a total popula- International Scripture Lessons are tion of 37,000. Many of them are but used; and in order that the teachers babes in the faith, and no useful com- may be guided in their preparation, parisons can be drawn between the lesson notes are printed each month character of their Christianity and in the mission magazim~.

that of older and more highly civilized The Christian Endeavor movement peoples; but if it be remembered that has also taken root. The first society English-speaking peoples have been was formed in 1890 at Malua, and now civilized for a thousand years and en- there are about thirty societies with a joyed the blessings of Christianity for total membership of over 1,000.

longer than that, while Samoa re- Another sign of progress is mani- ceived the Gospel only seventy years fested in the liberality of the Samoans.

ago, and has been blest with a set- The total population is 37,000, yet the tled government for only eight years, L. M. S. churches raise annually about it may be fairly stated that Samoa is $25,060 for religious purposes. They a Christian country. build their own churches and pay for them; they invite their own pastors There is 110 back-door way into the and support them; but they do mote. Samoan ministry. Each pastor must They show their appreciation of the spend four- years in the college at blessings which Christianity has Malua, get at least 60 per cent. of brought to them by raising about marks in his four annual examina- $5,000 a year for the furtherance of tions, then spend two years in the

A VISIT TO SAMOA

. missionary work in heathen lands. It tenary History of the London Mission- is a noble testimony. ary Society": "Not a few," he says, "have been murdered; many have suc- Indeed the crowning glory of the cumbed to the climate; many have Samoan church is the missionary spirit spent themselves in the work. But as which it zealously manifests. At the the workers have fallen, others have present time there are some 60 or 70 always prest forward, eagerly and Samoan missionaries, with their wives, willingly, to take the place of those working in British New Guinea and who have finished their course. No epi- in several of the South Sea groups; sode in modern missions is more e. g., in the Gilbert, Ellice and Tokelau thrilling and inspiring than the story groups. They undergo many hard- of what the Polynesian teachers have ships, but they face them bravely; and done and suffered." in spite of martyrdoms and deaths the supply has been constant. Some have God Almighty still works miracles. failed. They have not fully counted Socially, industrially, educationally, the cost, or they lacked judgment, or and religiously, this people has been they yielded to the temptations of un- transformed. Shall we not regard this scrupulous traders. But, generally as an earnest of what He will perform speaking, they have proved "workmen in the larger and more difficult field, needing not to be ashamed," and truly when we are awake to our privileges worthy of the tribute which the lat,e and more deeply imprest with our oP! Rev. R. Lovett paid them in the "Cen- portunities!

A VISIT TO SAMOA BY MISS LUCY BROAD When we were approaching Samoa, bering volcano. A district of the utevery eye on deck was bent on the 1110St beauty and fertility extended inky cloud hanging over the volcano here, sloping fr0111 the mountain to on Savaii. In the radiant clearness the sea. Charming villages with their of the morning, we sight the spot pretty native houses, fine churches, where the glowing lava-lip pours over gardens, groves and plantations-all into the sea; and straight away above swept away; one relentless lava bed it rises that radiant pillar of light-an four miles wide covering the whole immense continued geyser-pulsing, district from the crater's mouth. throbbing, shifting, sparklets of ascending steam-cloud! Then as we ap- One can understand the consternaproach, the purple of the sea becomes tion of the people when first the red first dull and tepid, then murky and flood began to pour forth, for there warm, and finally turbid and hot. was no knowing what direction it would take. Parties were sent to re- After landing and receiving wel- port on its progress, boats were precome and refreshment at the mission- pared for flight, and the extremity house at Matauta, we make a closer drove the people to prayer and the reinspection of the devastation caused by alization of the One who is "The God the recent eruption of the long slum- of deliverances." Rev. J. H. Morley

sight of the work. The frequent re- lowed, in which different countries currence of irregularities shows the were represented, and places referred – need that still exists for trained Eu- to were pointed out on large maps. ropean control. 'The next morning there were eight It was my privilege to attend the hundred present at the opening sacra- "Fono," or Assembly, held at. Malua, mental service, a large proportion be- in May, 1906. Never shall I forget the ing pastors and officials from the charm of that morning row around the different churches. At night we had fine bay of Apia, our eight brawny the ordination service, when fifteen oarsmen keeping time to ,the rhythm candidates were set apart, and a of their boat song with the easy swing solemn charge was given by Rev. J. of the brown shapely figures bare to E. Newell. the waist. The clouds dipping over the hill-tops, the fringing palms, and r A paper was read by the Rev. H. brown roofs of native houses dotted under the deep-spreading foliage of Hills, on "Conscience," – an ap- bread-fruit trees, was a sight, long to propriate theme, as there is reason to be remembered. The mission-house fear that many ,conve'rts have "the was suited to the setting with its cosy form of godliness without the power," and cool roof of overhanging sugar and that people even seem to take' a cane thatch, and its garden sloping to pharisaical satisfaction in the observ- the sea, ance of the letter of the laws (many islanders would not gather a flower on The assembled mission workers Sunday), while they' utterly fail to were cheery and brave, tho showing fill the spirit of Gospel teaching. An signs of the trying climate and hard appeal to the moral sense is scarcely work. Out of sixteen adults of both understood. sexes, three were kept away by serious illness. One day was given up to a mission- ary meeting, which might have shamed The first day was the Christian En- older Christian churches. The zeal deavor demonstration, with delegates of the island converts in this direction from all parts of the group. Sixty has been a marked feature from the boats were to be seen drawn up on the first, and the story of missions shows bank and large numbers came in these, that it is usually the native worker who but many walked twenty or thirty successfully opens the way in the field. miles to be present. The fine Jubilee Samoan Christians have been greatly Hall is the center for all these great used of God in the evangelization of meetings, as well as -serving for class Nuie, the New Hebrides, Ellice and work on ordinary days. It was an in- the Loyalty islands, and five of the spiration to see the six hundred dele- Gilbert group; and there are now gates, two-thirds of them men, all in forty-eight IlllsslOnaries and their their national full dress costume of wives engaged in the work who were white "lava lavas" and coats; the wom- trained at Malua. en were charming, in simple snowy gowns, with comely brown faces in a The returning band of native work- setting of curly black hair. ers from foreign islands arrived in time for this gathering, and pathetic A meeting of great' interest fol- interest centered in the group who landed from New Guinea, all of them

HOW TO USE CURIOS IN MISSIONARY

pulled down by fever, and ~ne having The restrictions against selling imlost the young wife with whom he ported liquor to the natives are so well had sailed a year before. One young enforced, that one of the missionaries man s story of work, in the center of who had worked here for nine years, that iosland, made a great impression. told me that he had never seen or "Their first teacher had been greatly heard of a native being drunk in that beloved, but had died, and on his own time. Curiously enough, the "kava" arrival the people would not even drinking, which is so universal in the speak to him for fear of the jealous islands of the South Pacific, has not anger of the buried missionary's spirit. the injurious effects here that it has However, by teaching and winning the in some of the other groups. The children, he finally won the parents. kava making and handing round in He was able to make a first transla- cocoanut cups, is one of the prettiest tion of the Gospels, and was so touch- native customs. ingly loved by a native that it was almost impossible to leave him." One The extensive and well-kept mission woman reported that people thought estates are attractive and useful, as she would not live long in New each of the hundred and fifty students Guinea, she looked so ill, but she had is allowed the produce of forty trees stood it for ten years. for his support, and part of their time is given to the care of their planta- These islands have enjoyed added tions and other manual work for the prosperity and advancement under the mission. German Government. Taxes are moderate, being only one dollar per ,annum The Samoans generally are so kindfor ordinary men, and two or three ly and agreeable, with a sort of natural dollars each for chiefs. There is no smoothness and polish, that in sonie undue interference with liberty; law respects they must have offered favorand order are secured; the value of able material to the Christian worknative labor and products have gone ers. A great deal remains to be done up, and the comforts and conveniences before they have attained the sturdy of life have increased; the churches balance of Chris-tian character, but alhave reaped their share of these ad- ready marvels of saving grace and vantages. spiritual growth have followed the noble efforts of missionaries.

HOW TO USE CURIOS IN MISSIONARY TALKS BY v.. F. PENROSE Eyegate is one of the principal en- itual meanings are enhanced; the needs trances to man-soul. It is remarkable of those fields "white unto the harvest" how the careful use of curios will are made plain as mere words can not focus the attention and ensure the re- do. Medical work in South India was membrance of facts. Some who have being described by Dr. Lydia Woerner, not been pr-operly trained in using and the two little curios she used made them veto their use. Yet deep spir- ~er words sink deep. Telling of tl].e

responsiveness of the people, she held For some time I have been making a up a high, narrow, little basket which collection of objects of prayer. There might hold a half pint. At some are prayer-beads, Mohammedan, Bud- church meeting she had attended she dhist, Hindu; a prayer-bag from India saw woman after woman come to the with its own rosary; a prayer-banner table and place a basket on it. After from Laos ready for the inscribed the meeting she had the curiosity to prayer, that as its light length floated go see for herself what the meaning in the slightest breeze the prayer might of the little baskets might be. Each be wafted to heaven. The Goddess of was filled with rice. Those people Mercy from China had many prayers were able to earn two cents a day, made to her, as worshipers fairly women's wages, four for men. As clutched her when uttering their they could give no money, when they despairing petitions in times of sick- cooked their rice, which is their only ness and famine. The battered prayer- food, each put a handful in her basket. wheel from Tibet bespoke countless One was not quite full. Its owner was thousands of blind petitions, all too poor. Would we ever forget of- groping after God, "if haply they may ferings for Christ given at such a cost? find Him."

The difficulties and the power of In a new locality three or four talks Christ' love to overcome them were were given on prayer. First a mission made clear when the speaker held up Sunday-school heard and saw, and a little open dish, with a piece of rag how intent were the little listeners!

in it. It was a lamp. The rag wick They fairly drank in the words and floated in castor oil, and in many a objects. No eye could long be turn~d dark room had supplied her only light away, for some new object was to be for some operation that had saved a shown, and each enforced the point, life. She had another lamp much like the need of true prayer to the One who that carried by a miner. It had a sim- is not the work of men's hands like ilar wick, but had a holder and burned the "idols of the heathen. They have kerosene. To help her see, the wick mouths, but they speak not: eyes have would be pulled up high, unsheltered they, but they see not: they have ears, from any draught. The soot would but they hear not."

blacken her. Yet if she had started The Young Ladies' Band next out too early in the day and so was heard the talk and the truth seemed to without her own lamp, this was the sink deep, for they gathered around only light she could have. When the afterward to see and handle the ob- door of a native house was shut the 'jects and learn how they might in- windowless home was dark, and the crease their offerings that more might door must be shut to keep out a crowd learn how to pray to the true God.

of inquisitive friends and relatives. The largest men's Bible class in the Grave surgical work was thus success- city heard and saw, and months after- fully performed with the help of ward were still'talking of it. Again Christ when every condition was the Women's Society were imprest in wrong. the same way. That banner from Laos . In missionary talks how can the made the story of Keo emphatic. Her thought of prayer be made paramount? request to accompany Miss Fleeson ceived it as a boy after one of my talks. some deep truth lodged in their hearts He could not forget the facts it illus- unexpectedly. Crowds gathered around trated. those dolls and the three assistants gave graphic descriptions of the home One must not show too many curios life in the lands they represented. By during the half or three-quarter hour means of the dolls they took crowds talk. Others may be shown afterward from Alaska around the world to to those who are sure to respond to Japan, teaching many a striking fact the invitation, "Come and see." The about life and needs in all lands not handling is a factor. The "lands afar" yet Christian. are so much more real when actual objects are seen from those lands. If you have been prejudiced against curios (after prayi~g "with a hot At an exhibition it is easy to secure heart," as the Chinese say), try what splendid results by having the curios their uplift may be. You will find age properly grouped. Objects of worship limits obliterated, new interest growmay be by themselves, as this enables ing-if you put thought, care, prayer, the one in charge to make consecutive time, study into your work. It is remarks. Medical mission curios (how work. But it is work that enables you thrilling they are!) can be grouped. to realize conditions and make them You would never believe the deep un- plain. Each new spectator may ask derlying power of a doll collection! you some question you can not answer. Those Mohammedan women from So it behooves you to keep on studying, Persia or Syria bespeak the awful deg- and in some unexpected time or place radation of their religion as nothing you will be rewarded with fresh light else could. Conditions socially are that will enable you more than ever to made awfully plain by each group. make unescapable Christ's Last Com- Some who came to the Ecumenical mand. This is our one purpose. Conference Exhibit to be amused, had "SPEAKING WITH TONGUES"-II EDITORIAL Some who have been observers a word, few of those marks which have pronounced all these manifesta- prove the genuine working of the tions spurious; but every case must be Spirit. We are divinely taught "not judged by itself. In most instances to believe every spirit, but to try the thus far signs of a true working of the spirits, whether they be of God, be- Spirit of God have been sadly lacking. cause many false prophets are gone There have been no revelations of any out into the world" by scriptural and important truths; seldom, if ever, the spiritual tests to discern the true from accompanying gift of interpretation; the'false. little conversion of sinners, or edification or unification of saints; still less A mass of documentary evidence, the moderation and rational restraint confidential but reliable, and furnished proper to assemblies of believers-in by actual observers of the phenomena in question, can not be published, not

"SPEAKING WITH TONGUES"

having permission of the writers, and physical manifestations, sweeping containing statements of facts too people from their seats to the floor; shocking to print. Friends who have and experiences resemblng a trance, read them agree that the previous pa- with strange revelations and visions.

per in these columns errs "on the side Yet the same communication tells of mildness and moderation." of visions so fanciful that they have One man, a leader in these meetings, the obvious aspect of highly-wrought rocked his body to and fro like a imagination, For example, when the dervish, half chanting prayers and Lord J estls is "seen in shining rai- songs, and shouting louder and louder, ment, with a lamb looking up at Him, working himself up into a sort of emo- and both in a halo of glory"; or "sit- tional mania, until he communicated ting beside the 'party in a tram-car"; to other susceptible people about him or "on the edge of a field, pointing to his own excitement, and the wildest another field, on the grass of which, fanaticism became rampant. Most of in white letters, was read the word those susceptible to such contagious "Look," afterward revealed as refer- influences have been women of the ring to John iv. 35, "Look on the more emotional, hysterical type; the fields."

stronger and more self-restrained One needs to know little of psychol- have maintained their equilibrium ogy to see that such visions are pos- This makes the whole movement seem sible to a heated brain, and are com:"

at least abnormal. mon with insane patients or those In one account of a "Pentecost at whose nervous system is abnormally Calcutta," there has been, it is said, excited, quite apart from any devout conviction of sin and reclamation of habits. Surely we need to be calm backsliders, some sins, publicly con- and careful lest we mistake for the fest, being peculiarly black but covered Spirit's supernatural working what up for years. Restitution has followed results from natural causes and per- where others have been wronged. A haps abnormal states of mind. We deserter from ~he army, who had are to seek not only "the Spirit of lived for twenty-five years under art Power and Love," but" of a "sound assumed name, confest his crime at mind." And if one has stlch visions, military headquarters, and God used it is better to have them as a secret his confession with others similarly between one's self and the Lord, lest guilty. There has been plain speak- others be led, with a mistaken zeal, to ing as to the guilt and penalty of sin, seek such experiences as essential to and manifest power of God in con- a high level of piety.

version. Where the gift of tongues A Wider Outlook has been attended with interpretation, Certain grave risks just now seem this was the burden of the ,message: to suggest the "perilous times" long "The place on which you stand is ago foretold, and may be closely inter- holy ground, for God is in our midst! linked with whatever is delusive or Be ye clean that bear the vessels of ensnaring in these supposed superna- the Lord! Be ready for the speedy tural manifestations. To two of these coming of the Lord!" we now refer.

It is also said that there have been I. There is danger in too much sub-

jective teaching. Objective truth gestion-but would testify to, mag- makes the healthiest disciple-keep- nify and glorify, Him. When the ing the eye on the crucified and risen Spirit's activity is most unhindered, Redeemer-and should specially pre- He reveals the beauty and glory of dominate. There is a perverse tend- the Lord Jesus more clearly, and ency of subjective teaching to induce makes Him more attractive. What morbid introspection, constant and utterance of the Holy Spirit tennina- searching self-examination, resulting ting upon Himself can be found in the in loss of assurance, chronic self-con- Scriptures? Placing the Holy Spirit demnation, and even hopeless despair before us as the focus of spiritual as having committed tpe unpardona- vision may hinder His work as the ble sin. To get our eyes off our Lord medimlt for clearer, fuller vision of and His finished work, and upon our- Christ. Most great heresies have selves and our ever unfinished work, come from some misdirected attention tends to loss of hope and of sense of to the Holy Spirit as the object of sonship; or, if this be escaped, equally VISIOn.

perilous self-complacence and spiritual What pertains to the Spirit is al- pride in what we think to be our vic- ways illusive if outside of Scripture torious self-struggles. Wherever such limits, because the whole realm of subjective teaching encourages such spirit is invisible and intangible. Here introspective habits, unhealthy spir- is the devil's chance for master coun- itual character results, and often wild terfeiting, becil.use as a spirit he can fanaticism. We must not shut our easily impose caricatures and imita- eyes to the warning voice of history. tions on the unwary. How much "These things are written for our discernment is required to distinguish learning." the human spirit, the demonic spirit, We should magnify the finished and the Divine Spirit, when the sug- work of the Redeemer, and discourage gestions are plausible and seem good others from turning the eye inward and true! The devil finds it hard to upon themselves and their spiritual imitate simple faith in the objective states. In but. two cases are we told work of our Lord on the cross and at to examine ourselves (I Cor. xi. 28, the throne. But the psychical and pneu- 2 Cor. xiii. 5), and in both for a speci- matical realms lie close together, and fic purpose and with no sanction of we may unconsciously pass from one the habit of introspection. Few in- to the other, mistaking fleshly enthusi- dulge this habit without obscuration asm and· emotional excitement for of hope; and some fall into the snare spiritual ardor and fervor-and hys- of the devil. terical mania for supernatural exalta- 2. We may be too much absorbed tion to some third heaven.

in what are called "Holy Spirit mani- The extreme Mystics, the fanatical festations." Sir Robert Anderson Flagellants, and the ecstatic Stigma- thinks there is risk of substituting for tists, like the more modern Agapem- the work of the Lord Jesus Christ a one sect, exhibit the results of this sort of «cult of the Spirit." Our Lord mistaken zeal and misdirected enthu- said that the Spirit would not speak siasm, which readily open the door from Himself-i.e., of His own sug- for both illusion and delusion.

serving the Lord in faith, charity welcome visitor at the Quirinal, the and joy." palace of the kings of United Italy. He went also to South America to Doctor Prochet did not confine see the numerous Waldenses who his activity to the direction of the have colonized large territories in schools and of the churches of the the Uruguay and in the Argentine mission, but took an active interest Republics. in every good work. He pleaded with his lips or with his pen the It is fitting that the Waldensian caus~ of the theological seminary of Committee in Rome should take some Florence; he took a special interest steps to honor the memory of the dein the Gould Memorial, a home parted leader in a manner that will founded in Rome by an American advance the undertaking he had at woman for poor orphans, and to his heart. Friends of the Church of the last days he was busy collecting Martyrs will welcome an opportunity among his numerous friends the of helping forward so noble an enter- $2,000 needed to wipe up the deficit prise. One of the most cherished deof that noble institution. sires of the lamented president was to see established a school for teacher- Altho on the retired list, he con- evangelists-a class of workers much tinued to take an interest in the work needed in the rural districts and small which was so dear to his heart.. On towns where the people are earnestly his death-bed he was heard to plead desiring to have the Gospel preached. in English the cause of the Italian Such workers would win the confi- Mission, and when the end was near, dence and good will of the inhabitants his eldest son, Dr. Roberts Prochet, by teaching the. children in the day asked him if he had any recommen- school, and at the Gospel meetings to dation to make abou~ the work. young and old would be told the old, "No,"he said, "all is well; the work old story in language simple and from is in good hands." All is well be- the heart. Accordingly the "Matteo cause all is in the hands of a loving Prochet Fund for Teacher-Evangel- Father. Doctor Prochet was a great ists" has been opened to establish such linguist; he knew Italian, French a training school. There could hardly and English equally well and could be a better memorial of the late presipreach with great acceptance in dent of Italian evangelization in conthose three languages. He knew be- nection with the old Church of the sides some German and some Span- Valleys than the establishment of such ish. He traveled much in Switzer- a fund.* land, in France, in Germany, and especially in Great Britain. He vis- One of Doctor Prochet's earnest deited the United States on three dif- sires was to see the various evangelferent occasions, and was heard in ical churches of Italy gathered into the most important pulpits of the one. Had he been spared a few years principal cities of the Union. He longer, he would probably have been was equally at home in the house able to advance this sacred cause. of the poor and in the mansions of the rich. He was knighted several * Send contributions to Rev. Arturo Mooon. '07 times by King Humbert and was a Via Nazionale, Rome. BY REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D.

Author of "New Forces in Old China." U The New Itra in the Philippines," etc.

The variety and scope of the foreign had to supervise eleven day-schools missionary's work are in sharp con- and thirteen out-stations, draw the trast to the work of the minister at plans for and superintend the erection home. In America we hardly realize of a brick residence, a schoolhouse, to what an extent the effort of the several small houses for native helpers Church is reinforced by the social re- and a stone wall around the whole sults of centuries of religious teach- (thieves are ubiquitous in China and ing. It is not wise even here to leave everything has to be walled in). As a new convert to adjust himself to the his masons had never seen a foreign changed conditions of his life, unaided house or built a chimney, and his car- save by sermons and prayer-meetings. penters had never made a stairway, he Still, he often does it successfully, for had to direct personally every detail, he probably has a respectable occupa- from the sawing of the logs and the tion, and finds about him not only a digging of the cellars to the laying of Christian sentiment in the community the last roof-tile and the painting and but all the allied institutions of a papering. The following year he Christian civilization-Christian soci- broke down with nervous prostration.

ety for his companionship, Christian Another missionary has the over- literature for his reading, Christian sight of six organized churches, forty- schools for the education of his chil- five out-stations scattered over a wide dren, Christian hospitals for his care territory, and including a thousand when ill. communicants and two hundred in- But in heathen lands these helps do quirers. He superintends forty-six not exist, and therefore the missionary day-schools with four hundred and must create them. He must found sixty pupils, and a single circuit of not only churches, but schools, hos- these schools involves a journey by pitals, printing-presses, kindergartens, cart or litter of five hundred miles.

orphanages, and the various other During a famine, he employed all the kinds of Christian and benevolent people who were willing to work in work carried on in our country. He rebuilding dykes and bridges which must train up a native ministry, erect had been swept away by a flood. Thus buildings, translate and print books he used relief funds to improve the and tracts and catechisms. The Gospel region while at the same time he must be so presented as to touch the avoided pampering the people by l1n- lives of men at many points, and they earned gifts. In a typical year, he must be helped in making the adapta- preached one hundred and thirty-nine tion to the new conditions. In some sermons, spent one hundred and six- lands, the missionary must even teach teen days away from home in country the men how to make clothing, to' work and traveled I,780 miles on mis- build houses, to cultivate the soil; sionary duties. He was treasurer of while his wife shows the women how the station and clerk of the presbytery.

to sew and to cook and to care for In the summer he lectured regularly their children and to make decent 4to a class of helpers on the Old Testa- homes. ment and on recent Egyptian and As- Thus the foreign missionary is syrian discoveries-a subject in which obliged to unite the adaptability of a those twenty Christian Chinese mani- jack-of-all-trades to the functions of fested keen interest. He prepared an archbishop. One missionary in weekly Bible-lesson leaflets through- China, in addition to the pulpit and out the year, a copy being given to pastoral work of a large native church each family, while importunate appeals and the teaching of a class of inquirers, to settle quarrels and lawsuits and a • From a new volume, U The Missionary," published by Fleming H. Revell Co. voluminous correspondence demanded what shall be said of the missionary many hours. who takes a half-naked urchin out of These are typical, not exceptional the squalor of a mud hut, where both missionaries. The ordinary work of sexes and all ages herd like pigs, the foreign missionary is along four teaches him to bathe, to respect wom- main lines. an, to tell the truth, to earn an honest Educational Work living and to serve God. It means even more for the girls than for the .,,_. This form of work makes a great boys, for heathenism which venerates impression on travelers, partly because animals despises women. In sacred it is represented by institutions that Benares, India, I saw a man make are readily seen, and because children reverent way for a cow and roughly are very much in evidence in a typical push a woman out of his path, and mission city. They are all out of monkeys living in the protected luxury doors, as it were, sweet-faced, bright- of a great temple, while outside eyed children to whom one is instinc- starving girls begged for bread. Is tively drawn. He hears the patter of there any work more Christlike than their wooden sandals in the streets of the gathering of these neglected ones Japan. He sees their quaintly grave into clean dormitories, and showing faces in the rice fields of China. He them the meaning of virtue, of indus- never wearies of watching their try, and of that which Goes not exist brown, chubby little bodies on the in all the non-Christian world, except river banks of Siam. His heart aches where the missionary has made it a as he sees their emaciated limbs and pure, sweet, Christian home? Contrast wan looks in India. Everywhere their the boarding-school graduate with the features are so expressive, that he heathen woman on the streets in such feels that they ought to have a better a land as Korea. Almost invariably.

chance in life and that he ought to you can recognize her by the unmis- help them to get it, while new meaning takable signs of superior neatness, irradiates the words: "It is not the self-respect and character.

will of your Father that one of these Above the day-schools and board- little ones should perish." ing-schools are the colleges and uni- In this spirit, one of the first and versities. If we can not depend on most loving duties of the missionary is secular institutions to supply pastors to seek the children for Christ. He for our home churches, much less can gathers them into day-schools and we look to the Hindu, Buddhist and Sunday-schools, where they are taught Jesuit schools of Asia and Africa for for this life and the life to come. It a Christian ministry. The equipment is inspiring to hear the missionary in of these institutions is often very charge of a mission school call on ·humble as compared with the magnif- eager children to tell what they know icent buildings of many of our Amer- about the Bible and to listen to them ican colleges. But we may safely recite whole chapters, describing how challenge America to show colleges the Christ-child brought peace on which have achieved more solid re- earth and how He bids us all to follow sults with such limited resources. With Him. There are thousands of suc}, an annual appropriation that would schools in various lands and in them hardly keep a home university in sta- myriads of children are learning the tionery and amid conditions as prim- lessons of faith and love. itive as those of the old log college, Even larger influence is exerted in the mission college turns out Christian the boarding-schools, where children men to mold awakening peoples for are under the continuous care of the Christ.

missionary. If he be a benefactor of We unhesitatingly commend to the the race who makes two blades of interest and prayers of the home grass grow where one grew before, churches the mission-schools and colleges on the foreign field. They are position. All avenues of preferment dt:>ing wise and faithful work. Thou- lead from the schools which have sands of" students are led to Christ in government recognition. The mission- these schools, and those who are not schools were thus recognized. But immediately converted go forth with one day, the Minister of State for Ed- prejudices dispelled and hearts soft- ucation issued an order forbidding ened. Through them the missionary any religious instruction in schools ap- finds access to new villages and proved by the government. We had zenanas. Through them the heathen to choose that day whom we would mind is being familiarized with Chris- serve. Severance from the govern- tian conceptions, so that it can grasp ment system of education meant that the new ideas of God, sin, salvation, our students would be liable to mili- which at first suggested notions. tary conscription and would be in ef- Through them we are reaching the fect debarred from the university and educated classes of Asia. The won- from many positions which are cov- derful opportunity in Siam is largely eted by the patriotic Japanese. But due to the fact that in almost every the missionaries and the boards said: province there are government officials "'0/e can not use missionary funds to whom the missionaries educated, while give the young people of Asia a purely"

among the pupils of the Harriet House secular education. vVe are here for School for Girls there are usually sev- Christ's sake, and for His only." So eral royal princesses and the daughters government recognition was re- of hal.f ~ dozen governors and royal nounced. As we had anticipated, some commlSSlOners. schools had to be closed and in others In Bangkok, a messenger said: attendance dwindled from hundreds "Phya Montri, a nobleman, wishes to to dozens. For a time it looked as if see you." In his beautiful home he the end of our educational work in said that he had long wandered from Japan had come. But a mighty pro~ Christ, but that his only son, who was test went up from the Christian people a pupil in the mission-school, had died, of all" lands. The public" opinion of and that the missionary had gently Christendom, to which Japan is keenly told him of the Good Shepherd who, sensitive, made her statesmen feel that finding that the sheep would not fol- a backward step had been taken. The low Him, had gathered the lamb in ordt;r was not enforced and to-day the His arms. Deeply moved, the father mission-schools in Japan are fuller sketched an outline of the incident and than ever, and with a tremendously bade an artist paint it. I saw the pic- enhanced influence, because in the ture: a shepherd, with a face kindly hour of emergency they would not buy and sweet, a face like unto that of the the favor of the State at the cost of Son of Man, carrying a lamb in his their faith. We repudiate the state- bosom, while afar off two sheep, ment of a professor at horne that "the which had been walking away, 'were university is not responsible for the turning with wistful eyes to follow character of its graduates." Character their loved one. "Now," said the is precisely what our mission institu- nobleman, HI want to give 10,000 tions are responsible for, and in the ticals to build a church in recognition schools and colleges on tl!e foreign of God's dealings with me through my field the Protestant churches are pro- boy." And I said: "It is as true now ducing character.

as of old that a little child shall lead The hope of the future is largely in "them." these schools. In many lands the mis- The mission-schools are uncompro- sionary encounters an opposition from misingly Christian. The Bible is the adults that can only be compared to a chief text-book. Jesus is the great wall. It is ofte"n difficult to break Teacher. Prayer is the atmosphere. down that waH by direct attack, for ] apan tested missionary fidelity to this "inherited prejudices, social, business

and religious associations and that failure of a state institution in Asia fixity of character which usually comes which at best is absolutely non-Chris- with mature years in every land, com- tian, and as a rule is distinctly anti- bine to make it hard to induce an Christian.

adult to abandon the faith of his an- The chief aim of a Christian college cestors. But in the mission-school on the foreign field should be the that wall is undermined, for character training of Christian pastors,evangel- is taken at a plastic, formative period ists, teachers and laymen. And yet we and shaped for the future. would not too rigidly narrow the scope The opening of Asia to the influ- of such an institution. Students who ences of the modern world and the do not have Christian work in mind development of the native churches and who are not even Christians give special emphasis to the question should, of course, be admitted. Some of higher education. While the mis- of the best material for the churches sion boards should guard against will often be developed in the course spending a disproportionate amount of study. Undoubtedly, too, many of strength and money upon educa- graduates will not and should not en- tional work, and while they should ter Christian work. We must fit young stedfastly refuse to weaken the evan- men for leadership as laymen as well gelistic work in the interest of the in- as clergymen. We need educated stitutional, they should, nevertheless, Christian men not only in the pulpit, realize that the time has come for but in the community.

more largely developing Christian I f we are to gain and hold Christian schools, and that their influence will leadership in non-Christian lands, we be incomparably greater in the future can not ignore this phase of the edu- than it has been in the past. "That cational question. But the governing the Christian people of China will be- principle should aistinctly be "for come influential and mold to any great Christ and the Church." The provin- extent the general character of the na- , cial universities which the govern- tion without first becoming more intel- ments are developing will more and ligent and capable than the mass by more meet the demand for a purely which it is surrounded, is not to be secular education. Our chief business expected." * as a mission agency and with mission The leading Asiatic nations are be- money is to lead children to Christ and ginning to appreciate the importance to train men for the leadership of the of Western learning and are establish- native church.

ing colleges of their own. But these While having heartiest sympathy institutions can not meet the deeper with all educational work, the native needs of the time. It is a high tribute church in each .land should be as to the missionary body that some of speedily as possible led to the place its distinguished members have been where it will provide educational facil- invited to assume the presidency of ities for its own members, and it con- these colleges in China, and as some of ceives educational work to be a part the presidents have found to their sor- of its direct responsibilities only row, the Chinese officials retain con- where, and so long, as it is distinctive- trol, and the worship of Confucius has Iy missionary.

been compulsory. The mission must What Dr. Griffith John of China have its own college. State univer- says of that land is equally true of sev- sities in America, even under the pres- eral other lands: "The progress of idency of the most eminent Christian Christianity in China will in the future men, have signally failed to produce greatly depend on the attention paid adequate supplies of ministers. How bv the missions to the educational de- much more signal is likely to be the partment of this work. There is in China to-day a great demand for .The Rev. W. M. Hayes, D.D., China. Western education, and the question we have to face is this: Shall the merely ethical and they are inter- demands be met by the Christian mis- mingled with a vast mass of error, sionary and the teaching be made con- puerility and superstition. Where ducive to the interests of the Chris- there are any books in common circu- tian Church? or shall it be met by men lation, they are apt to be saturated who are out of all sympathy with with heathenism, if not actual im-'

Christian missions and the teaching be morality. One of the tasks of 'the made subservient to the diffusion of missionary, therefore, is the creation anti-Christian principles throughout of a Christian literature.

the Empire? The Christian. When the Bible and these Christian Church in China must have her own books and tracts are prepared, where schools of learning, if Christianity is can they be printed? There were no to become a power in the land." type and presses that could publish Literary Work them. So the missionaries had to found and operate them. They were Protestantism believes that a knowl- -among the first to see the providential edge of the Word of God is indis- significance of movable type and the pensable to intelligent and permanent application of steam to the printing- faith. Therefore, one of the imme- press. When, in response to a sum- diate duties of the pioneer mission- mons for his professional services, a aries was to translate the Bible into the medical missionary called on Viceroy language of the people among. whom Li Hung Chang, he found that great- he labored. In the American Female est of China's statesmen reading a Seminary is an upper room preserved Bible printed on the Shanghai mission with sacred care, for in it Drs. Eli press, and when a servant took the Smith and C. V. A. Van Dyck toiled book away as the physician entered, for weary years translating the Bible the viceroy said, "Do not put that in into Arabic, and feeling when they the library; take it to my bedroom. I had finished it like Robert Moffat, will read it again." The mission press who, when he had written the last in Beirut, Syria, is doing more than verse in the tongue of the Bechuanas, all other agencies combined to influ- said: "I could hardly believe I was in ence the Mohammedan world, for the world, so difficult was it for me there the Bible is printed in the lan- to realize that my work 6f so many guage which is spoken by 200,000,000 years was completed. My heart beat souls. From that unpretentious build- like the strokes of a hammer. My ing go forth the Scriptures and ex- emotions found vent by my falling on planatory tracts and books, which are my knees alld thanking God for His read in India and Arabia, in Egypt, grace and goodness in giving me Tunis, Algiers, Morocco, and Asia strength to accomplish my task." It Minor.

is from the missionaries almost ex- In this department the boards have clusively that the non-Christian peo- the valuable cooperation of the Bible ple have received the Holy Scriptures societies, which pay the cost of print- in their own tongues and the labor in- ing the Scriptures, and, through their volved has been very great. We often agents and colporteurs, aid greatly in hear that the Bible is now accessible distributing them. These societies to practically all the nations of the should therefore be considered an in- earth. It is true and the missionary tegral and a very part of this large is the one who has made it so. development of missionary effort.

Nor is Bible translation all. Most Greater emphasis should be laid of the literature of the heathen world upon literary work as a missionary is unclean. There are indeed some agency. The peoples of Asia are not excellent writings in the sacred books so much accustomed as Western peo- of Hinduism, Buddhism and Confu- ples to public discourse. The priests cianism. But at their best they are of the native religions do not preach. The presentation of truth in oral dis- of peace and probable recovery. But course is something that is compara- "what are those marks which so thicktively new and strange, and it is much ly dot the body?" the author asked more difficult to influence people in Doctor Neal, in China, as he examined that way than it is in England and a little girl-such a wan, pitiful little America. The Chinese in particular girl. "Places where hot needles have are preeminently a people of books: been thrust in to kiIl the demon which Buddhism converted them, not by is believed to have caused the pain," preaching, but by literature. Above was the startling reply. "What a horall other nations they exalt learning. rible foot!" we ejaculated, as I looked The printed essay, the distributed with Doctor Avison, in Korea, at a pamphlet, the proclamation posted on poor fellow who had hobbled in. A the wall and, more recently, the news- fall had made a bruise. On the advice paper, are the common means of dis- of a native doctor, oil had been seminating ideas. If Christianity is smeared over it and set on fire. Dirt to supersede Buddhism and Confu- and flies had aggravated the resultant cianism, it must make a larger use of sor~ till the whole foot was literally this method of promulgating Scrip- rottmg away. ture truth. But with many such memories of Medical Work horror, there are also memories of medical missionaries walking through We have New Testament authority that land of pain in the name and ~pirit of the Great Physician, cleansfor this department at missions. mg filthy ulcers, straightening de- formed limbs, giving light to dark- Christ Himself set the example by ened eyes, healing fevered bodies, ministering to the sick. Indeed, He robbing· death of its sting and the cited among the proofs of His Mes- grave of its victory, and showing to siahship that "the blind receive their weary multitudes that sight, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed and the deaf hear." Of His "Thy touch has still its ancient power, thirty-six recorded miracles, were not No word from Thee can fruitless fall." twenty-four of physical healing? And there must have been scores of others, The day we entered Allahabad, for we read that "all they that had any India, one hundred and seventy peosick brought them unto Him, and He ple died of the plague.' Shops were laid His hands on everyone of them closed. Half the population had fled. and healed them." So our medical Corpses were hourly carried through work is not a mere humanitarian addi- the streets. The authorities, finding tion, but an essential part of our Chris- that preventive measures provoked tian service in heathen lands. We dangerous riots, helplessly aIIowed the can not pass by on the other side their pestilence to run unchecked. But the countless sufferers or shut our ears medical missionary stood heroically at to their unceasing cries of agony. her post, freely going among the sick and dying, responding both by day and For every non-Christian land is a night to every appeal for help, giving land of pain. All the diseases and in- what medical aid was possible in that juries common in America, and oth- swiftly fatal scourge, and telling all ers far more dreadful, are intensified of the healing of the soul in Christ. by ignorance appalling and filth indescribable. An Oriental tour fills the Few men anywhere will touch a mind with ghastly memories of sight- leper, but the medical missionaries less eyeballs, scrofulous limbs and lovingly seek them in a score of places, festering ulcers. If your child is ill, mitigating the horrors of disease for your physician's understanding of the which no cure is known and faithcase and its remedy, the sympathy of fully applying the remedy for the friends and the sweet comforts of the soul's leprosy. Gospel, make the sick-chamber a place (To be concluded.)

JAPAN'S PRESENT NEED *

BY THE REV. S. M. ERICSON Southern Presbyterian Mission The Church in Japan is in a transi- By her reception of occidental civili- tional stage and the strong. l!ational zation; spirit of independence prevalhng has By the position she has attained and caught hold of the le~~ers i~ the na- her intimate relations with the Chris- tive church. We rejoIce wIth them tian nations; in this desire to be free, but also re- By the fact of her free education; alize the Church's weakness better Her absolute religious liberty; than they do. The Church of Japan Her growing sense of the utter in- has been established, but our commis- adequacy of Shintoism, Buddhi.sm, and sion is to the millions still in darkness. Confucianism, to meet the ethical and vVe dare not leave this land until religious needs of the people; others have had an opportunity to The dangers arising from her con- "know the Lord." dition without a religion; The population of Japan is about The earnest inquiry of her best 4ab5~0ut0.0' 000. Of this numbe r there are people as to the adequacy of Chr.is- Prot estant Christians. 50,000 tianity to meet the mQral and rehg- There are more Buddhist priests (61,- ious needs of the nation; and the 000) than there are Christians. Only manifest favor witli. which Christian- two-elevenths of the small number of ity is being regarded by her most in- organized churches are independent fluential classes; and self-supporting. The funds com- The sobering effects of the. calami- ing from the Christians is about $10,- ties of two great wars, espeCIally the 000 a year. These figures are enou.gh present one; ..

to show the pressing need for active The cordial sympathy With which, evangelistic work. . and appreciation of her altruistic aims, Japan, while the most progressIve and her humane methods of conduct- of the Eastern countries, as far as ing this war, whic~ ~he has re~eived material progress is concerned, has from the most ChristIan of natIons; not proportionately ~eveloped ~long And in view of the preparatory Christian lines. It IS qUIte eVident work already accomplished; that Japan is to be a great factor in JapFainrest~efopreotphlee sake of the 45,000,000 for whom Chr.ist died, the civilization of the whole East. If she is to have a Christian influence only a fraction of whom have as yet on these nations, she must be Chris- heard any Christian teaching; and, tianized first, and that right speedily. Secondly, especially in vi~w of the One year of active Christian work preponderating influence whIch Japan now will be worth ten fifty years from will surely exert in the far East, m the now. Orient, .

In view of the present need of J a- As an Asiatic nation; pan, the Internation~l Missionary As the one Asiatic nation which has Union at its last meetmg, passed the a twentieth century occidental civili- following motion. This union is com- zation; posed of missionary leaders from As the conquering nation of the every land, and they realized .the East; pressing need of)apan. The mohon, As the nation which will have most with reasons for It, IS: to do with the political, military, com- The Crisis in Japan mercial, industrial, social, intellectual, In view of the very extraordinary and-to us the most important of all providential preparation of J a~an to receive the Gospel of Jesus Chnst: -the religious reorganization of the By her history; newly-awakened far East; .

And whose influence will be a hm- • From the Christian Intelligl!ftur.

drance or a help to the best progress carryon a much more aggressive of civilization, and especially of mis- campaign than they have hitherto sionary work, according to the degree been able to do; and, of her Christianization; We regard it as incumbent on the In view of this crisis for itself first, churches to engage in a concert of and, secondly, for the whole far East; prayer to Almighty God that He, by therefore, His Holy Spirit, may so enable the missionaries, the Japanese pastors and We regard as the paramount and evangelists, and all His people in J aimmediate duty of the churches rep- pan, to so successfully plan and work resented to, at least, double their mis- that this great opportunity for the sion forces in Japan during the next speedy evangelization of the Japanese five years. may be fully utilized and that the na- tion may be thus fitted to use .her full We deem it necessary, in this influence for the establishment of special emergency, that the mission- Christ's kingdom. aries be supplied with a very large increase of funds to enable them to THE MAN WHO LAUGHS BUT DOES NOT TALK* BY REV. J. H. DE FOREST, D.D.

Over a thousand years ago there in the town of Mizusawa, with only came from Korea a royal prince to $24,000, which was followed by one visit the royal prince of Japan, Sho- more removal to a country village toku. Being a devout Buddhist, he called Nishikori, where the family inbrought a beautifully carved and gilded Amida which his ancestors had come was only $5,000. secured from India ages before. He Then Commodore Perry came and came to Japan in a most fortunate period, when the great Shotoku was awaked all Japan from its three passionately devoted to Buddhism, hundred years of hermit seclusion. and was doing all he could to extend Missionaries and merchants began to this new religion through the empire. enter the sacred land. Mr. Ouchi, He was the first great moral and the head of this reduced house,' full intellectual hero of Japan, and gave of the love of knowledge and of new a most cordial welcome to the Korean experiences, went down to Yokoprince, who finally settled with his hama to see the hairy blue-eyed barfollowers in the southern part of J a- barians. He met the Presbyterian pan and was given an enormous rev- missionaries, Ballagh and Thompson, enue of a million koku of rice, or who told him to his surprize that Conabout $3,000,000. From that time fucius was narrow and belated, and this Korean family became a part of gave him the Book that is above the Japanese nation. every book. The young man read this Chinese Bible a little, but finding During the seven hundred years it dry and unintelligible, gave it away that followed the fortunes of this and returned to his village, where he princely line underwent great changes. took some part in the political dis- The main family was located one cussions of the day, but spent his time thousand miles north, near Sendai, mainly in decorative art. with a revenue of only $27°,000. Another change in fortune found the In any of the northern cities of family eighty miles north of Sendai, Japan, in the choicest rooms of hotels and in houses of wealth, you will see on the sliding doors wonderful land- • From the Japan Evangelist.

I907] CHINA AND JAPAN REVISITED 6<)5

scapes-mountains and valleys, rivers for sects, he went far into the mounand lakes, heavily bearded pines and tains and helped build a Presbyterian delicate vines, with joyous birds soar- church at Yonezawa. Now he is ing through the heavens, and water painting on silk one thousand pictures fowls on the lake borders. All this of Fuji to help the Kumi-ai church in is the work of this Korean-blooded Sendai erect a new and commodious Japanese, Mr. Ouchi, whose two red house of worship. seals are on every picture, and which mean, HI quicken my mind and keep These delicate paintings of gloripure my purpose," and, "The man ous and peerless Fuji from various 'If.'ho la-ughs b-ut does not talk." points of view show the beautiful curves of the mountain; the snow- A few years ago this man became white peak far above the clouds; an earnest Christian, and at once built summer views through huge pine a neat little chapel in his village, the trees; winter views across Lake Hacost of which was $40, and which kone; Fuji in every mood. On each holds about 40 people. In this tiny picture is written: "One of a thousand building I baptized the old man and pictures painted for the extension of a number of his followers. He gave Thy Way"; below which is his artist himself absolutely to Christ and de- name and the two significant red cided to use his rare artistic powers seals.* henceforth to aid in building Christian churches~ He sold $60 worth of As the artist now is seventy-three pictures and helped to build the Sa- years old, these thousand paintings, numa (Congregational) chapel that if he lives to complete them, will cost $275. Then he aided the Disciples doubtless be his last great work for Church in Akozu. Caring nothing the life-giving churches of Northern Japan.

CHINA AND JAPAN REVISITED t BY REV. HENRY C. MABIE, D.D.

From the day of my sailing on the South America, but it is also true here eighteen-thousand-ton steamship The in Asia. Siberia, until now, the one thought most powerfully imprest upon me has For example, cities like Yokohama, been that of change and progress Kobe and Nagasaki, in Japan, and which have come in all these parts Shanghai and Hongkong, in China, since the visit I made to Asia in I890. have each trebled in population, A book could be written upon "Then whether native or foreign residents and Now in the Far East." are considered, since I first saw them, sixteen and a half years ago. The im- It is common for us, in America, portance of these, as port cities with where we have seen a marvelous civ~ which the commerce of the world has ilization spring up even in a few dec- relations, is beyond the power of one ades, to suppose that such rapidity of who has not seen them to believe. movement and achievement characterizes our own land, preeminently, When I first saw Kobe harbor, if not exclusively. But that is far years ago, there was not to exceed from true. It is universal in our four ships of seagoing importance time; not only in Europe and in many anchored in her port. The other day I counted over twenty great liners, '~3.t outlying colonies like India, with ship-building yards, dry docks, '''';ralia, South Africa and part~ of etc., operating on a scale which an .. These paintings on habutae are for sale in three sizes (scant 2,3, and 4 feet) with corresponding prices, and 3 dollars gold. ,. A letter from Hongkong, March 28, 1907, to the American Baptist Missionary Union, assembled on Its ninety·third anniversary in washingtor, D. C.

American could scarcely believe. Six- gant literati are now going to school teen years ago I counted seventeen to such teachers, native and foreign, ocean steamers anchored in this su- as in America could manage but an perb port of Hongkong. The day we eighth-grade village school. entered, this time, there were sixtythree such ships listed on the bulletin As to actual conversions to Christ, of the harbor master for the day. This China now has-so say the best-inis now the second largest port of call formed men here-I75,000 Christians, for the vessels of all nations in the as against perhaps 50,000 twenty world, London being first. . years ago.

As one sails up the Whangpo River Changes in Japan to Shanghai, for five miles both banks of the river are filled with the com- Changes for better, quite as marked, mercial manufacturing, shipping and have taken place in Japan. In 1890 industrial establishments of various Japan was in a state of intense renations-all new since my former action against foreign influence of all visit here. The foreign concession sorts. She was bitter toward both portion of Shanghai is also, for a mile England and the United States. She or more square, almost as Anglicized then was only pondering the propoas Liverpool, and about as active. sals for a constitutional government. Now it is established. She has be- Dr. Timothy Richard said to me, come an acknowledged first-class on his first greeting as we walked power in the family of nations. She along those streets, the Sunday morn- has shown her ability to subdue China ing we landed: "All these signs of and to hurl back the great Slavic enprogress you observe as so surpri- croachments upon herself, and upon zing since you were here before are Korea and China; and she has amazed but typical of the favorable changes the world by her strides forward in in China's intellectual and moral prog- all that is humane, philanthropic and ress toward a better day." educational. And her attitude toward real Christianity is so altered as to fill While in the light of some things I us with delight and assurance. have since noted in the dispatches from Peking and in the great out- In Japan, sixteen years ago, I everylying masses of such raw heathenism where missed evidence of deep inward as a native city like Canton still pre- change in those who had been ensents and will long present, I should rolled as Christians. Even foremost feel compelled to make some· impor- native professors in Christian colleges tant qualifications; nevertheless, China seemed morose, suspicious, even hosis awakening, and in radical respects tile taus who longed to do them good. she is committed to reforms thorough- How changed aU this, as I saw in ly reconstructional in character. Her even a visit of two days at the first antiquated educational system is gone port we entered! In the native forever. church at Yokohama, among the stu- dents of the Theological Seminary, in On the morning when we were at the preaching hall, in the native quarthe new Canton Christian College, the ter, in the girls' school of the Mary principal, Doctor Wisner, pointed out Colby Home, and especially in the to us vast scaffoldings showing across cordial reception given us one evening the river, a mile or so away, which by many representatives of all forms covered the new rising Normal Col- of the good work, there were tokens, lege, established by native authorities, multiplied and hearty, of a Christ on the site of the old Examination reaUy formed within them. The Halls for Canton – now forever divine light that could not be mistaken abolished. These Halls once accom- illumined many a face: "that light modated 12,000 students at a time. which never was on sea or land." This movement is characteristic of all China, and her once proud and arro- God be praised for it all !

EDITORIALS

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES of the "Lalit Days" as those of an aw- ful apostasy. Those who do not see that missions are inseparable from the genius of This know also, that in the last days Christianity overlook the fundamental perilous times shall come. For men shall principles. be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient Taking the Bible as a whole there to parents, unthankful, unholy. Vithout natural affection, truce-breakers, false acare seven great laws of the spiritual cusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those realm constantly illustrated in the that are good. Traitors, heady, highphysical: minded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God. Having a form of godliness, 1. All life is· divine in its primary but denying the power thereof: from such source. turn away.

2. Life reaches its perfection in the Here are found twenty conspicuous seed of self-propagation. signs of apostasy. The vivid portrait starts with selfishness and ends with 3. Salvation is, therefore, in order formalism-self is loved supremely to sanctification and sanctification to to begin with and an empty shell of mUltiplication. powerless "godliness" is the last re- sult. And what is selfishness but self- 4. All blessing bestowed is to be absorption! The very opposite of the imparted to others-and so multiplied. missionary spirit which is essentially self-sacrificing and self-surrendering! 5. The grand condition of life's In this list where love of self and multiplication is self-sacrifice-the love of pleasure are at the extremes, death of the seed produces the crop. everything else is found between- covetousness, self-sufficiency, pride, 6. The surrendered life is. given blasphemy, household anarchy, even back ultimately in both service and re- the decay of natural affection, treachward. ery in business, rebellion against law- ful authority, and every other indica- 7. Heaven is the ultimate triumph tion of social wreck and ruin. of unselfish benevolence. 'The chapters that are before and Service is, therefore, indissolubly after this terrible forecast of apostasy, linked with salvation. If we are not are intensely evangelistic. Chapter saving others, our own salvation is second has seven words descriptive open to question. Selfishness is de- of the true disciple-he is a "witness," structive of all spiritual life, and is the a "soldier," an "agonist," a "husbandessential principle of sin. Suffering man," a "workman," a "vessel," a is so far a condition of the highest "servant"-every one of them sugsuccess that it always precedes it; gesting some aspect of an unselfish either our own or another's suffering and serviceable life-testimony to prepares for the harvest. truth, war against evil, systematic striving for the crown that rewards THE DEFENSIVE ASPECT OF service, the culture of the soil with a view to crop, work done for God, sur- MISSIONS render to God as a vessel to convey saving, grace, etc. Then in chapter four, we have This is comparatively little thought the dear note of a trumpet blast-a of, but is of vast consequence. Mis- charge before God to "preach the sions not only represent the Church's Word," do the work of an evangelist, great campaign of offensive warfare with the apDstle's joyful boast that he against all false faiths and evil systems, but they are the grand defense for the perfection of the Church against both heresy in doctrine and iniquity in practise.

This is especially conspicuous in the second Epistle to Timothy. In the third chapter is the great arraignment

had been strengthened and delivered . . I .found nothing reliable about the bein his contest with the civil power at gl~1I1lng of things, very littLe. about the Rome, that by him "the. preaching m~ddle, and nothing about the end of might be fully known and that all the Gentiles might hear." thmgs. Then f oI urnedadallthceleCarhraisbtoiaunt st'hbeoboek~ a1.'d ?ehold I gllll1l1~g of thin~s, everything true about THE GIFTS OF TlfE POOR I; the mIddle of thll1gs-the present time my A flower girl, who sold buttonhole self and others-and everything clear told bouquets at a half penny, near Charing about the end of things. When I read this Cross, London, heard that there were millions .without even the knowledge my whole life was changed, and nOv I beof salvatIOn, and she went to the vicar of one of the churches, and asked him lIeve 111 the God and Savior of whom this to put her down for forty shillings every twelve months. Not long after book speaks. she was run over on the Strand and fatally injured. At the hospital, when He became an earnest preacher and her clothes were removed, a little bag a great believer in the Word of God. was found about her neck, and on it were the words, "For the poor THE OVERCOMING POWER OF heathen:" Inside were forty farthings FEARLESSNESS -showlllg the way in which she was saving the promised sum. When the "They overcame . .. and they loved facts became known these farthings were sold at auction, ·and everyone not their lives unto the death."-Rev. was boug~t for a sovereigr'. and so the poor gIrl was credited with a do- xii., I 1. That is a grand story of Robnation of forty sovereigns ($ZIlO.OO). ert Moffatt, in South Africa. One da" Another t~uching case is reported of five pence gIven by a poor Yorkshire when his wife stood at the door with woman, "to send a bit of the bread of life to the poor heathen." It being her baby in her arms, a chief came known that she and her husband were among the abjectly poor, it was inter- with twelve of his attendants and esting to learn how this five pence was saved; and it proved that this humble they poised their spears opposite'Mofcouple, whose main meal of the day consisted of "taters," saved the potato f~tt's breast. He was standing outpeelings for a year and sold them for five pence! SIde the door, repairing a wagon. He dropt his tools, bared his bburtebaes~t' and said: "Strike, if you will, fore you strike let me tell you that we have come here in the name of tGoodu,palisftHaisndserrveadnetesmanydoum, esasnedngyeros~ can not make us afraid or drive us ou~; all you can do is to kill us. Now, drIve your spear to my heart if you will. thBeuts, amwehenspiIrita,mwidlleacd~'moethaenrsd with take my place, and carryon my work."

aDnodwnthewcehnitef,thetursnpienagrstoinhitsheattdeunsdt~ ants, said, "Why, these men mU!'lt THE TESTIMONY OF THE WORD have a thousand lives; they are so Doctor Soltau, of Mildmay, reports indifferent to one, and there must be a remarkable confirmation of a state- something in that doctrine of immor..

ment made in the Exeter tHhaatllthleectruerve~ tality that they are preaching to us." London, as to the effect That was the turning point in Mof- elations of God as to past and future fatt's mission to Bechuanaland, ane!

have on the heathen mind. When in from that time forth the Gospel began Burma, he heard a native Chihsristteisatni~ to prevail among that hardened and a Burman Buddhist, give degraded people.

mony to the following effect: The whole history of mlSSlOns ~ studied the sacred writings of the Bud- shows that, whenever any servant or dhIsts to see what was the beginning of handmaiden of God, going out into thi~~. the middle of things, and the end of thmgs. the foreign field, has shown absolute indifference to life for Christ's sake, ASIA This is probably an overstatement of the truth: Christian education General Booth in JapM would be a better expression. And this fact must not be forgotten: The reception to General Booth of the Salvation Army in Japan, if writ- "The two foremost men who were ten as a prophecy twenty years ago, the means of leading Japan out into would have read as a fairy tale. He her new educational era were Chriswas welcomed in the capital by the tian men; the one a missionary and mikado in uniform, feted by heads of the other at the least a missionary government departments and civic teacher-Dr. G. F. Verbeck and Dr. authorities in each city he entered and David Murray, both of the Reformed lauded by the press. This is the more Church, America. It was under the remarkable because most of the people guidance of Doctor Verbeck, who of Japan have not seen the work of early won the acquaintance and con..: the Salvation Army; but only have fidence of progressive Japanese, and heard of its animating spirit of loyalty who was by them invited to the to Jesus Christ and its aim to lift up capital for the purpose that what the disheartened and minister to the is now the Imperial University of poor. For example, the Army has Tokyo was founded. This institunever had an institution within 400 tion, now embracing six colleges, miles of Sendai, yet when he entered those of law, medicine, engineering, that city the mayor came to meet him literature, science and agriculture, at the station, which was decorated with 153 professors and 3,372 stuin his honor, and with the mayor came dents, is the inspiration of the entire Lieutenant-General Mutsashima and national educational system." all the staff of the Army Corps in garrison, while iu the midst of a crowd What the Doshisha Has Done for Japan of some 25,000 out of the city population of 100,000, the children of the The following quotation from an public schools sang a welcome song article by Doctor Barton published in composed for the occasion. The Congregationalist shows how one educational institution is aiding in the What Education Has Done for Japan spread of Christian thought and truth: In a remarkable article published in "Six of the former (Doshisha) stu- The Christian Movement in Japan, dents are in Parliament and one is a in 1906, by Albertus Pieters, princi- director of the Bank of Japan and the pal of the Reformed Church Academy, head of its business in Korea, doing Nagasaki, the unique place and influ- there all the government business with ence of education in a nation's up- that country. One is private secretary building, is put thus: "In September, to Marquis Ito and a trustee of the 1864, a few American and European Doshisha. Two are doing editorial war vessels bombarded with impunity work for Count Okuma. Five are the forts at Shimonoseki, the gateway editors-in-chief of the leading dailies to the Inland Sea of Japan. In May, in Tokyo, besides several who hold 1905, a little over forty years later, lower editorial positions. Doshisha not far from the same Straits of Shi- men also hold important positions monoseki, Admiral Togo crusht the upon the bench and in various governnaval power of Russia. The differ- ment offices. Two hold professorships ence between the Japan of 1864, in the Imperial University. Over 100 wholly at the mercy of whatever power are teachers in private and government might choose to insult and despoil her, schools in Japan. Most of these are and the Japan of 1905, the mistress of Christian men who carry their religion the Pacific, may be summed up in one into their business and profession. word, education." About 100 more Doshisha men are

engaged III direct Christian work as ment between Japan and Korea, dated Aug. pastors, preachers, evangelists and 22, 1904, is hereby abrogated. secretaries of the Y. M. C. A." The Japanese plan to take control The Papacy in Japan According to .. The gradually, disband the army and take Catholic Mirror" full charge of the 'administration of the government.

There are at present about 243 Astonishing Progress in Korea Catholic missionaries in Japan. There are 145 churches, with 385 preaching Bishop Foss writes in the Christian stations, or missions, in addition. Advocate: Attending these churches and missions are some 60,000 Catholics, whose "The Island of Kangwha lies in the spiritual wants are provided for by mouth of the Han River between 243 missionaries, II9 'of whom are Seoul and Chemulpo. It is almost Jesuits, and 124 nuns. In addition twenty miles long and sixteen miles there are about 33 Japanese priests wide and has an estimated population and 269 native helpers. of about 17,000. Dr. George Heber Jones began work there in 1892, Japan Rules Korea being the first missionary to gain a footing on the island. On his first Under pretext that the Korean em- visit he was turned back from the gate peror had broken treaty with Japan of the Prefectural City, not being perin sending a commission to The Hague mitted to enter because he was a conference, the Korean emperor has foreigner. Shortly afterward a footjust been forced to abdicate in favor ing was secured in a small hamlet on of the crown prince. the farther side from the Prefectural City, and from there the work has Iwan-Yung, Premier of Korea, act- spread throughout the island; until ing by authority of the emperor, and now we have 31 groups or village Marquis Ito, ·the Japanese resident churches, organized into three circuits general, signed the following agree- with about 3,500 members, including ment at midnight, July 24th, at the probationers. Japanese residency: "Such surprizing successes are by no The governments of Japan and Korea, means confined to our own church. with a view to the early attainment of pros- Indeed the Presbyterians-four deperity and strength in Korea and the speedy nominations of them now happily conpromotion of the welfare of the Korean solidating into one-have in the agpeople, have agreed upon and concluded the gregate far outstripped us. One following stipulations: hundred thousand is believed to be a moderate estimate of the Christians Article I. The Government of Korea shall in Korea, and of these the Presbyfollow the directions of the resident gener- terian Church has the care of at least al in connection with the reform of the three-fifths. One of its pastors writes administration. from the village of Syen Chyun: 'Of the 3,000 people in the town, about Art. II. Korea shall not enact any law 1AOO are enrolled as Sunday-school or ordinance or carry out any administra- scholars.' tive measure unless it has the previous approval of the resident general. "Having recently had some oppor- tunities for observation, and many for Art. III. The judicial affairs of Korea careful inquiry in India, Malaysia, shall be kept distinct from ordinary ad- China, Japan and Korea, I must say ministrative affai rs. that the Korean Christian seems to me to take high rank among Oriental Art. IV. No appointment or dismissal of Christians for (I) Bible study; (2) Korean officials of high grade shall be made prevailing prayer; (3) high moral without th," consent of the resident general.

Art. V. Korea shall appoint to official positions such Japanese as are recommnded by the resident general.

Art. VI. Korea shall not engage any foreigner without the consent of the resident general.

Art. VII. The first clause of the agree-'

MISSIONARY

standards; and (4) the effort at self- The Shanghai Statement support in the churches." One of the significant resolutions Korean Medical Practise passe~ at the Shanghai Conference A Korean doctor classes all diseases was III the interests of unity in the under two heads, desperate cases and general weakness. He prescribed essentials of faith. The following was tiger bone pills for the latter. For the former, snakes, toads, and centi- unanimously adopted: pedes carefully boiled together were warranted to kill or cure. A burning Whereas it is frequently asserted that piece of punk placed on a child's head Protestant missions present a divided front about tW() inches above the brow and to those outside, and create confusion by left until it had. burned into the brain a large variety of inconsistent teaching, and served as a never-failing remedy for whereas the minds both of Christian and convulsions. Into every part of the non-Christian Chinese are in danger of behuman body his long needle had been ing thus misled into an exaggerated estirun as far as possible. mate of our differences, this Centenary Conference, representing all Protestant A Union Christian University in China missions at present working in China, unan- imously and cordially declares- A cablegram has recently been received from Boston, authorizing our That this Conference unanimously holds West China Mission to cooperate in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaa plan for a Union Christian U niver- ments as the supreme standard of faith sity at Chentu, the provincial capital. and practise, and holds firmly the primitive Chentu is, without doubt, the most Apostolic faith; and further, while acknowlinfluential city in Western China. Its edging the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene population in.c1udes representatives of Creed as substantially expressing the fundaall parts of the empire. The area of mental doctrines of the Christian faith, the Szchuan is about equal to that of Conference does not adopt any creed as a France, and its population equal to hasis of church unity, and leaves confesthat of Japan. Chentu is the political sional questions to the judgment of the and literary center for this great prov- Chinese Church for future consideration; ince as wel1 as for the adjoining por- yet in view of our knowledge of each tions of Tibet. Numerous high officials other's doctrinal symbols, history, work live in Chentu. Beside those in active and character, we gladly recognize ourselves service there are always 600 or 700 as already one body, teaching one way of "expectants" living in the capital. eternal life, and calling men into one holy Retired civil and military officials like fellowship; and as one in our teaching as to to live in Chentu, to give their sons the love of God the Father, God the Son, an acquaintance with official life and and God the Holy Ghost; in our testimony society. It is required of the magis- as to sin and salvation, and _our homage trates and other lower officials that to the Divine and Holy Redeemer of men; they come to the capital to receive one in our call to the purity of the Christian their instal1ation; hence there is a con- life, and in our witness to the splendors stant stream of officials going to the of the Christian hope. capital.-lournal and Messenger. We frankly recognize that we differ as to A Link with Robert Morrison methods of administration and church gov- ernment; that some among us differ from Dr. Griffith John has recently re- others as to the administration of baptism; ceived a letter from the son of Robert and that there are some differences as to Morrison, thanking him for the article the statement of the doctrine of Predestinaon his father's life which appeared in tion or the Election of Grace. But we unite the April Chronicle. The writer of in holding that these exceptions do not inthe letter is eighty-two years of age validate the assertion of our real unity in and is living in England. our common witness to the Gospel of the grace of God.

The Conference went on to take the first step toward unity in the Chinese Church in the passing of res- olution NO.5: This Conference, having thankfully de- clared our essential unity as already exist- ing, earnestly desires further that this unity should be fully manifested and made effect- ive in the Chinese Church, and considers that the most urgent. practical step for the present is to endeavor to unite the churches planted in China by different missions of city is Wuchang, situated 600 miles the same ecclesiastical order, without regard up the Yangtze River, opposite Han- to the nationality or other distinctive fea- kow, the largest tea port in the world. tures of the several missions under whose care they hav; been formed, recognizing the Honors Paid to Missionaries inherent liberties of these Chinese churches as members of the Body of Christ. The great change which has come over China recently was illustrated by The Presbyterian churches in China the mode in which the emperor's birth- are already united as one church, hav- day was celebrated in various cities. ing under its care some 40,000 mem- At Haicheng, when Christian misbers. . sions were begun thirty-four years ago, the missionaries were insulted, British Subjects. but not British abused and denied food or shelter. So late as twenty-three years ago they Mr. W. E. Curtis, in the Chicago were pelted in the streets. But this Record-Herald, speaks of the British year they were included among the merchants dealing in opium and their honored guests of the government of appeal against the sudden attack upon the same city upon the emperor's birththeir trade. Mr. Curtis should have day, and upon them was lavished the explained who these "British mer- most generous hospitality. The central chants" are. From the North China church of Haicheng is now the mother Daily News it is learned that these of three neighboring congregations. traders are British subjects. Thirteen The missionary's wife is, by request of these large dealers sign their firm of the city officials, the superintendent . names. They are all of them either of the girls' schools of Haicheng, and Jews or Parsees from Bombay-6 be- the president of the newly-erected ing Jews and 7 Parsees. They claim chamber of commerce is a leading an annual trade of $37,000,000, about deacon in the Presbyterian Church. one-fifth of which is now in stock at The hospital is also in charge of Chris- Hongkong or Shanghai. It is well tian physicians, and upon the occasion to know that Mr. Morley, secretary for of the late banquet some of the literati India, has ordered the restriction of of Haicheng exclaimed after listening land given to opium growth by one- to the addresses of Doctor Christie sixth of its present annual acreage. and Mr. Kastler, "Why, these foreign- ers speak our own language better Not a Public Library in China than we do ourselves." And sUI cer- tain of our journalists and sollie mis- In the whole empire of China there informed representatives in Congress is not what could properly be called think hatred of missionaries is the sole a public library. Here are a people ground for the Chinese boycott.- who reverence learning, and yet they Interior. have never recognized the "People's University." They are taking every- Is AncestnJ Worship Allowable? thing bodily from us that is labeled "Western." They have adopted our At the recent Shanghai Conference school system, our text-books, and a keen discussion arose over the report our methods of teaching, and yet they of the committee on ancestral worship, have passed by one of our greatest a few of the older missionaries insistfactors in education-the public li- ing that the ceremonies covered by brary. An effort is now being made that title are not worship as that term by the Episcopal Mission in China to is used in England and America; and enlist the sympathies of philanthropic that same point of view was mainpeople here in the United States who tained in an elaborate written address are interested in the uplifting and en- before the Conference presented by lightening of the Chinese to establish a Taotai of high degree. The general a public library in one of the great literary centers of the empire. This judgment of the Conference on this of a teacher of rare genius. He not subject at length found expression in only taught, but he planned education the following words: with statesmanlike comprehension, and may, without exaggeration, be While the worship of ancestors is incom- called the greatest educationalist India patihle with an enlightened and spiritual has had. Scorning to compare the Free conception of the Christian Church, yet we Church Institution and College with should be careful to encourage in all Chris- the Presidency College, he quickly, by tian converts the feeling of reverence for sheer teaching power and force of the memory of the departed which this character, raised it well above the custom seeks to express, and to impress government institution. He conceived upon the Chinese in general the fact that the idea of a united Christian college Christians attach great importance to filial for all the educationaI missions, and piety. the Madras Christian College, first and greatest of its class, was the re- Types of the New and the Old in China sult. Doctor Miller possesses large private means which he has spent "The old and the new regime in without ostentation as freely as his China are well represented," the Rev. time and strength on the college and Dr. Squibbs, of Mien-chuh, says, "by the mission. Consistently from the two mandarins who have presided commencement of his career, Doctor over this city as 'the father and mother Miller has admitted that his calling of the people, in 1906." He continues: as an educational missionarv is inferior to the calling of evangelical mission- One was a little old gentleman, feeble aries. I-Ie has rendered great services and ailing, who may have had good inten- to government, which have been tions, but was ignorant and superstitious, worthily ackno.vledged; and public and therefore incapable, and who, having estimation has exprest itself in the held on to office and emoluments until he form of the only statue erected to the was eighty years of age, took ill, resigned, honor of a missionary in India." and died within a few days. The Needs of North India His successor was a comparatively young man of between thi rty and forty; the Rev. J. J. Lucas from Allahabad likes of whom, in the mandarin line, this city has probably never seen. Omitting the tells of the province of Agra and demeaning round of idolatry customary for Oudh: a new mandarin on taking up office, it was given out that he was a Christian, and he ( 1) In a population of over 47,000,- is, at any rate, a preacher of righteousness. 000 Hindus and Mohammedans there Remarkable to state, he has descended are 119 ordained foreign missionafrom the time-honored dignity of the four- ries; 158 ordained Indian ministers; bearer sedan chair and gone about the city 1,004 unordained preachers; r67 sinon foot, and at prominent places, like an gle women missionaries and 1,520 1nopen-air preacher or stump orator, exhorted dian Christian women employed as the people against idolatry. This he has teachers, Bible womdn, etc. also done by proclamation. He has started during his short term of office an industrial (2) I~ IS of the 48 districts, conschool or reformatory, a school of art, night schools, a people's pawn-shop, ..etc. taining a population or over 15,000,- Law cases that had been shelved by suc- 000 Hindus and Mohammedans, there cessive mandarins he has fearlessly are no foreign missionaries, and in 5 thrashed out, and has set his face against districts, with a population of 5,442,- deception in any form. 000, there are neither foreign mission- aries nor ordained Indian ministers, An Honored India Veteran Retiring while in the two native states, inclu- ded in the census of the province, Kaukab i Hilld, published at Luck- there is no foreign missionary and now, says that "at length, after forty- only 1 Indian minister. five years of missionary service, the Hon. and Rev. W. Miller, LL.D., C.LE., is retiring to Scotland at the age of sixty-nine years. As a student he stood the first of his ~ear in the university, and on coming out to Madras speedily acquired the reputation

(3) In the whole province are 105,- Tamll Christian Literature 521 towns and villages, and from a study of the mission reports it is clear The April issue of the Tamil Literathat in 50,000 of them the Gospel has ture Bltlletin, under the editorial not been preached for a year past, and charge of the Rev. A. C. Clayton, in many thousands of villages it has shows that a real effort is being made never been preached. among the missionaries of many so- cieties to combine for the production How Some Hindu Christians Give of more and more satisfactory Chris- tian literature in the vernacular. The There are various modes of in- Bulletin contains what is quite a long creasing the alms of the church, and list of books in preparation. Several one most popular all over South India of these are Biblical works. In future is for Christian women to put a hand- all the IVISS. of the Madras Religious ful of rice into a small basket kept in Tract Society are to be submitted to the house for the church every time a meal is prepared, the amount thus twhheicTh aims iol neLiotefrathtuerefrusiutsb-ocfomthmeitDteee~ collected being offered in the church once a month. This serves the double cennial Conference. This is a step in purpose of reminding the- people that the direction of unity and simplicity it is God who provides them with of organization; for the MSS. of the sustenance, and that it is their duty Christian Literature Society have been to givc back to Him some portion of passed through this sub-committee for what they have received. The annual some time. offerings~ of the Christians in Tinnevelly vary from 6 to 12 annas per The Crumbling of Caste head per annum of each baptized man, woman, and child. The average may "About 30 of 39 baptisms the past be taken as not less than 9 annas (i. e., 9d.) per head. The monthly in- year," writes Rev. C. E. Patrick of come of these people is 73/z rupees (or 12S. 6d.), and upon this sum a the Baptist Missionary Union, from whole family will live for a month. The sum of 9 annas represents the Dilbrugarh, Assam, "were Hindus of price of a little more than two days' food for the year for each member of various castes. It is very- interesting the family, and this is the lowest rate. that caste Hindus are joining our How many Christians in Europe contribute to the church two days' in- churches more and more. In one of come in the year for every man, woman, and child in each household? the new churches at Atkhel the caste Methodism Thriving in Pakur Hindus are the predominant ele- A new :Methodist church, valued at ment." $3,333, has been dedicated at Pakur, India. The work in this place was "At Kanigiri, India, the friendliness begun twenty-two years ago as the result of the religious habits of the mag- of all the Sudra caste is no"tiIcneabIle~O" istrate who held family worship with says his servants. There are now 720 mem- Rev. J. Heinrichs. bers on the Pakur Circuit. A large number of non-Christians attended the special cases Mr. Brock has been told dedication service, and a large increase of membership is anticipated. that they want to confess Christ.

At Ongole there have been 8,000 caste listeners in three months. 'The indications are,' writes Rev. J. Duss- man, 'that most of our converts will come from caste people now.' "

Self.support in the Marathi Mission Says The Bombay Guardiall: "If Methodism stands for expansion, Congregationalism seems to stand for concentration. The intensity of effort and organization of the work of the American Marathi Mission is notable throughout its report for 1<)06. As an illustration: In Ahmednagar city

MISSIONARY

16 missionaries are at work in 21 in- very great among the Jews in this stitutions or churches. land, and even now some are ready to persecute unto death those of their "The ideal of Congregationalism is brethren who take the despised but finding its fulfilment in self-support- blessed Name of Christ upon theming, independent churches. At Ahm- selves." ednagar the second church known as the 'Church of the Lamb' is inde- A Disturbance in Persia pendent of financial aid from the mission, nine-tenths of the members A fanatical outbreak occurred in are earning their own living by honest the Boys' School at Teheran, in April, labor, trade or occupation. From the which ended in restorati.m of order Vadala district comes another report after two days, during which time of independence. Leading members four Persian teachers withdrew and of the Vadala church were present at the hundred Moslem students were Dedgaon on the day of their decision. reduced to thirty. Regrettable as this They immediately began to agitate is, it should surprize no one who obthe question of independence and later serves the present touchy political sitvoted unanimollsly to be independent, uation in Persia. The outbreak bebeginning with the month of Decem- gan with abusive language by one ber, 1906." Moslem youth among his playmates at recess. Being reproved by the Among the Jews in the Levant school officer (farrosh), the boy dealt the "little, lame, inoffensive man" a Mr. David Baron writes from Jaffa stunning blow on the mouth. When (Palestine), on May 3, 1901: for this he was publicly expelled from the schoolroom, an ignorant Sayid, "We spent five days in Alexandria, t.wenty-five years old but in one of the six days in Cairo, and one day in Port lower classes, loudly took the offend- Said. At the first of these places we er's part. This apparently accidental ·were much encouraged, for apart beginning was a planned affair, the from many conversations and discus- farrash being a special object of ensions in their houses and shops and in mity because he is a convert from Isthe streets, we held a public meeting lam. All is quiet and the school is in the Scotch Church, kindly lent to going on well.-Woman's Wark. us, at which three hundred Jews were present and listened earnestly to the EUROPE faithful proclamation of ChrisL In Cairo, too, we were able to reach a Union of Churches in England large number, tho the public meeting we held there was not so large as in The great project of Methodist Alexandria. In Jaffa we have been union in Great Britain, which has been nearly a week now and visited from it so long in the air, is now happily and five of the Jewish colonies in the plain swiftly approaching solid consummaof Sharon. tion. Some time in September the newly constituted Church will hold its "Great changes have taken place inaugural conference, and start forth since I was here last, only nine years on its conquering way. The name ago. The Jewish population has in- will be the "United Methodist Church." creased enormously; there is an air The bodies uniting are the Methodist of bustle and enterpri~e which was ab- New Connection (with 42,3I7 memsent before, and large tracts which bers in the home-land), the Bible I have known before to be waste and Christians (33,000), and the United desolate, are now fruitful fields or Methodist Free Churches (85,603), covered by millions of vines, orange giving a total membership of 160,9IO groves, and other fruit-bearing trees. in Great Britain, or 184,°77, if the Alas! the fanaticism and bitterness against Christ and His followers are

foreign missions are added. It will cal College at Peking, and for the staff, one still be much smaller than the Primi- of whom, Dr. H. Wenham, is a son of a tive Methodist Church (2°5,4°7) or member of the CM.S. Committee. the Wesleyan Methodist (536,612), but it will be a most respectable ag- Thanksgiving for the good work of Mo- gregate, and with substantially all of ravian missionaries at Leh, near the bor- British Methodism combined in these ders of Chinese Tibet. three bodies, a federal relation for all ought not to be very difficult, and the Thanksgiving for the translational labors eventual organic union of the whole of the late Bishop Schereschewsky, of the into one lIethodist Church of Great Protestant Episcopal Church of America, Britain is brought distinctly nearer. and for the grace that triumphed over suf- fering. A Thank-offering of Men Latest Statistics of the C. M. S. Missions We are accustomed to think of thank-offerings to the Lord as con- The income for last year was $1,- sisting always and only of money or 935,400. The number of stations is its equivalent. But the Bishop of 534. European mlssronanes: or- Dorking recently issued an inspiring dained, 419; lay, 153; wives, 374; call for "a substantial and notable unmarried women, 444; total, 1,390. offering of men to go abroad," and Kative clergy, 384. Native lay teach- asks that ten clergymen of his diocese ers, 8,152. Native Christian adher- offer themselves. He offers his own ents (including catechumens), 326,- name first. Why should not men, and 737. Native communicants, 93,56r. women, too, offer themselves in grati- Baptisms during' the year, 21,783. tude and thanksgiving to go where Schools, 2,506. Scholars, 142,960. the Lord wants them to go, and to do Medical work: beds, 2,653; in-pa- what He wants them to do? tients, 26,061; visits of out-patients, 1,022,772. These figures are approx- A Unique Call to Prayer imate, as no returns have been re- ceived from some of the missions. The Church Missionary Society, al- ways fraternal in spirit, has recently A Methodist Thanksgiving Fund issued a leaflet giving a special theme for thanksgiving and supplication for A recent cablegram from London each day of the month. That sug- gave this inspiring news to the daily gested for the 31st is, "Other Socie- press: "A remarkable scene at the ties' Missions," with these themes centenary of the Primitive Methodists given:. was witnessed at the session of the Conference at Leicester. It was pro- Thanksgiving that the London Mission- posed to inaugurate a thanksgiving ary Society was led to send out Morrison fund, and after a solemn dedicatory in 1807, and for his perseverence in the service, W. P. Hartley, a prominent teeth of manifold discouragements. Methodist, offered $45,000. This was applauded with enthusiasm, after Thanksgiving for the fifty years' service which delegate after delegate prom- in China of the Rev. Dr. Griffith John. ised generous contributions. At the close of the meeting, it was announced Thanksgiving for the fruitful lives of the that the pledges totaled $1,35°,000." Revs. Dr. ]. G. Paton, ]. Wilkinson, and _Bishop C Buchner, of the Scottish Free The Berlin Missionary Societ" Church, Mildmay, and Moravian Missions respectively. This great German society's eighty- third annual report gives a complete Prayer that the proposal to establish an statement of the progress in every sta- institute to train medical students in Ger- tion during the year 1906. The mis- many may be attended with success. sionary force is composed of 163 Eu- ropean laborers (I 12 ordained) and Thanksgiving for voluntary services of of 1,264 native Christians, who are em- Indian nurses of the Cambridge Delhi Mis- ployed to preach the Gospel in 89 sta- sion among plague patients. tions, 367 out-stations, and 522 preach- Prayer for the lately opened Union Medi-

lIISSIONARY

ing places. In the 350 missiC'nary rapid progress, especially among the schools 11,912 pupils received Chris- Chinese women; thus, all in all, tian instruction, and 4,81:; heathen the annual report of the Berlin Mis- were baptized-3,983 in Africa and sionary Society proves that the Gos- 832 in China". Thus the number of pel is making progress in spite of hin- church-members has increased to 56,- drances and obstacles and that the na- 390, while more than 3,500 natives re- tive Christians are continuing to grow main under instruction with a view to in grace.

baptism. The income of the Society European Missionary Reinforcements from all sources amounted to almost $275,000, so that the year closed with- The Swiss Romande Missionary Soout a deficit, but the deficit of 1905, ciety announces the sending of six about $45,000, remains unpaid. The missionarv laborers to the Transvaal two stations in lfashonaland, South and Port~guese East Africa. Five of Africa, are to be transferred to the these are new missionaries, while one, South Africa General Mission (Lon- Mr. Eugene Thomas, has already don). They were founde~ in 1892 and spent sixteen years of service in South contain 102 native Christians. The Africa. Ethiopian Movement, which has ad- The ]'0 rth German 5 ociet)' reports herents in almost every part of South the sending out of eight missionary Africa, but especially in Cape Colony, laborers, all of them new, to Togo- the Transvaal Colony, and German land, West Africa, during the spring Southwest Africa, has continued to of 1907, tho its account.s for 1906 show hamper missionary operations there an actual deficit of more than $3,000.

to some extent. Its socialistic spirit The Berlin Missionary Society set is becoming more and more apparent, apart for missionary service, chiefly in and it, agents are no longer agitating East Africa, twelve missionary labor- in secret. Its cry has become, Africa ers, men and women, on April 21.

for the Africans! and thousands of Among these is lliss Bohlan, the first the black natives are persuaded to join deaconess sent out by the Nyassa So- the cause. Even Christian congrega- ciety.

tions suffer from the aggressiveness The German A1.issiollary Society, on of these pernicious agitators, and the April 21, set apart five new laborers missionaries of the Berlin Society met for the service of the Master. To- especial difficulties from the Ethio- gether with four returning workers pian Movement in Cape Colony. In these missiohary recruits will proceed the Orange River Colony the work to German East Africa at once. It is has been hindered by drought and by a proof of great faith on the part of the plague of locusts, but after all has the faithful leaders of this society that made most s2lisfactory progress. In they sent new laborers out when the South Transvaal a Teachers' Train- treasurer had to borrow a part of their ing School has been opened, and the traveling expenses.

native missionaries have labored with According to its last annual report unprecedented energy and zeal. In this society had 14 ordained and 8 Natal the rebellion of the blacks other missionary workers in the 8 sta- against the British Government has tions and 25 out-stations. They were naturally kept back the missionary assistecl by 44 paid native laborers.

work for the time being, while the The one missionary physician in the work in German East Africa, where service of the Society is supported by the war against Germany has ended, the German Evangelical Union for Af- is in a prosperous condition. From rica. The 34 schools were attended China the Berlin missionaries report by 985 pupils, of whom 849 were that after all the Chinese Government heathen, and 44 teachers were em- is not favorable to Christianity, but ployed. During the year 1906, 171 that the Gospel is nevertheless makin~ heathen were baptized, while 323

asked for baptism, and the number of whose salaries alll~unted to $600,000. native Christians reached 867 The The gains were $700,000. There were income of the German East Africa numerous accidents and one fatal re- Society was $23,250 from all sources sult. These feasts of blood involved in I<)06. the killing of 2,879 bulls, and the value of the horses killed was $177,- General Evangelical Protestant Missionary 000. At these bull fights, which take place on Sunday, beginning on Easter Society of Berlin Sunday immediately after the solemn services in the cathedrals, they have The 23d annual report of this So- d Catholic priest there reaely to conc ciety gives an extended review of the fess anel otherwise prepare for judgwork of its missionaries in Japan and ment anyone who may be gored to the China, from which we gain the fol- verge of death.-Christian Advocate. lowing figures: In Japan 4 European and 6 native ordained missiona- A Backward Step in Spain ries preach the Gospel in two stations, viz: Tokyo and Kyoto. These are as- Rev. Franklyn Smith, of Barcelona, sisted by 5 native lady missionaries sends an account of the retrograde and one native student of theology. movement in Spain, which will be read There were 30 baptisms during the with much disappointment by friends year 1906, anel large crowds of J ap- of freedom. Count Romanones, the anese listened to the preaching of the liberal minister, promised when he Gospel. The missionary schools and was in power some months ago, that the theological seminary were well at- the government would take in hand tended while the native congregations the question of church and state and showed hopeful signs of progress in deal drastically with the religious Christian life. The missionary ser- orders. Rome has proved too powervices for children drew large crowds, ful for him, and the bishops and archespecially in some of the ou~-sta:ti0J?-s. bishops have succeeded in changing In China 2 European orda111ed mIS- the ministry, anel now an ultromontane sionaries were in charge of the 2 sta- conservative is directing affairs. For tions, while the hospital in Tsing-tan the present it is the triumph of the remained under the care of a German Vatican. The Concordat allows only physician. The native missionary three religious orders to be established force consisted of 14 male and female in Spain, but so completely has it been teachers, 2 physicians, and 3 medical ignored, that Mr. Smith says: helpers. The schools, which were greatly improved during the year, attracted In the palmy days of Ferdinand VII. the many pupils, while the hospitals continued to be of great help in the work. number of convents and monasteries The missionaries in China, as well as those in Japan, act as pastors of the amounted to 3,027, with 56,8g3 monks and small congregations of Germans and Swiss in their districts. The income nuns. A census taken during the reign of the General Evangelical Protestant Missionary Society for 1906 was of Isabella II., when the numbers had been about $32,000, and reached the highest figure since the Society was founded greatly reduced by the agitation of '35, in 1884. shows only 915 religious houses, with 13,- 709 inmates. To-day, in the twentieth century, with the Concordate still on the statute-book, instead of the three ord~rs allowed, there are now seventy-three, With 4a3~d13n monastic houses and II 1,012 monks uns! The day is not far distant when this state of affairs will be altered.

Spain Catholic Tho Scarcely Christian Church Reforffil in Russia During the last year, in Spain, there The political revolution in Russia were 585 bull fights, 35 more than in is having a marked effect upon ~he the preceding year. There were 44 es- Russian Church, the leaders of whIch padas who took part, one of whom are said to be determined that the new was a woman; and 849 other toreros, order of things shall accrue to the

Iyo7J GENERAL l'vllSSlONAl{Y INTELLIGENCE 7II

church's benefit also. The Russian out the Russian clll]Jire."~The Litcr- correspondent of the Chronik der ary Digest.

Christliehcll Welt (Ttibingen) writes: The Czar Favoring Y. M. C. A. "In former times the Russian Church was, to a comparative degree, inde- The Czar of Russia made an ex- pendent of the state control and had traordinary exception to the rules of its own ecclesiastical head other than the Siberian Railroad and directed that the czar. Accordingly the determina- passcs be given R. C. Morsc, general tion has gained considerable ground secretary of the International Com- in circles with progressive ideas that mittee of the Young Men's Christian the old order of things, especially the Associations of North America and Patriarchate of the Russian Orthodox his party of delegates from the'vVorld's Church, must be resfored. In order Student Conference at Tokyo, across to bring about this and other reforms Siberia to St. Petersburg, that they and to reestablish old traditions, the may visit and address the new associa- leaders 11ave insisted that a general tion callecl "The Lighthouse," in St.

Russian church council should be held. Petersburg. This now has ncarly 1,- Since the death of the aged Procurator soo members.

of the Holy Synod, Pobjedonoszzew, Greek Conference in Turkey the realization has come, and by an imperial decree, dated May 3d, the The first general conference of czar has actually laid down the con- Greek evangelical workers ever held ditions under which such an "ecclesias- took place at the Bible Honse, Con- tical douma" is to be held in Moscow stantinople, Jnne 7th to 14th. Invita- in the near future. According to this tions had been issued by the Greek document each district is to be rep- Evangelical Church of Constantinople resented by the bishop of a diocese, to all the Greek congregations in Tur- together with two other delegates, one key and Greece, and even to that in from the ranks of the clergy and the Lowell, Mass., to send representatives other from the laity. A prepondera- to this gathering. Circumstances kept ting influence, however, in determin- the attendance low, but delegates were ing the decrees of the council is given present from Marsovan, Ordoo, and to the bishops. Ala Cham, in Northern Asia Minor; "In the meanwhile the adherents of Salonica and Drama, in Macedonia; positive evangelical churches in Russia Athens, Greece, and the island of Cy- have already held a convention in St. prns. Prominent among the delegates Petersburg, to effect, if possible, a were the Rev. Dr. Kalopothakes, of union of their forces, the details of Athens, the nestor of these modern whid1. are reported in Der Christliche Greeks, still hale and active despite Oriellt, from the pen of a participant, his eighty-five strenuons years. This Pastor Jack. Three branches of what was purely a conference, yet it will could be called Protestants were rep- doubtless result in action when its con- resented, the so-called 'Petersburg clusions are taken up officially by the Brethren,' representing free churches various churches. Some of the topics in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kief, and presented for discussion were: Meth- elsewhere; secondly, the Baptists; anel ods of cooperation, Revision of the thirdly, the Presbyterian Molokans. Greek Hymn Book, Compiling of an Serious contentions on the subject of Evangelical Greek Catechism, Im- infant baptism, for the present at least, provement of the Sunday-school, etc.

prevented a closer union, but a better After a full and frank statement of understanding in the fnturf' is con- the varying conditions, certain things fidently expected, while the whole were settled as desirable. It was rec- project is one sign of many showing ommended that four local unions be that progressive religious thought is organized, centering, respectively, at becoming thoroughly aroused through- Ordoo, on the Black Sea, Constanti-

nople, Smyrna, and Athens, and that organizations, but by studying the for- these four unions be bound together eig'n field and by suggesting means of in a single alliance or larger union, cooperation for the common end.

with perhaps triennial gatherings in The Young People's Missionary Movement some central place. Tho as yct hardly five years old, CILS. T. RIGGS. this stimulating agency bids fair to AMERICA become one of the most widely-spread organizations for missionary educa- Rapid Spread of the Laymen's Movement tion in the world. It was started in Hearty welcome has been given ill 1902 in order to supplement the work Great Britain to the deputation of of the Students' Volunteer Movement. American laymen who are striving The lattcr endeavors to influence the for the unification of the Christian 200,000 college students in North world in the foreign mission field. America, while the new movement Prominent men of all denominations, makes its appeal to the 14,000,000 puincluding bishops of the Established pils in American Sunday-schools and Church, have accepted the idea en- young people's societies. It does not thusiastically, and in both England aim primarily at the enrolment of and Scotland committees were organ- volunteers for mission-fields, but _at ized to cooperate with that in America. the quickening of interest among those The need for a better organized and who stay at home, and at increasing more methodical system of missionary the contributions for the support of work is realized there as clearly as it missionary work at home and abroad.

is here, and there is on both sides a A Hundred Missionaries War,ted disposition fo accept the help of lay- men i~ ~ffecting a more thorough The Board of Foreign Missions of superviSIOn. the Methodist Episcopal Church calls Still more hopeful is that union of for roo missionaries, saying that all churches which the lay committees their foreign missions need to be re- would endeavor to effect. The people inforced. Men long in the service will of heathen lands, especiaIIy the intel- soon have to retire; others, under the ligent people of India and Japan, are awful stress of overworked mission- puzzled by the divisions of the Chris- aries among unfriendly peoples, are tian Church and by the different at the breaking point. In all the fields creeds presented to them by denom- new doors of opportunity have been inational missionaries. There is, as opened, and successes have created one of the American delegates told new demands. The missionaries see the English representatives, "a prev- opportunities for extension long alent suspicion that a large part of the coveted pass away unimproved and money invested is expended in em- their hearts grow sick with hope de- phasizing differences of theological ferred.

views and ecclesiastical organization." "What is to be done with all these This is not the message of Christian- calls for the Gospel message?" ask the ity to the heathen. It is positively secretaries. "Pray the Lord to close r mischievous in presenting the differ- the gates of progress until we are ences instead of the essential unity of ready to enter them Ask Him to the churches. If the public could be hold the awakening mind of heathen- assured that Christ was being preached ism a little longer in the slumber of and not the "isms," there would be ignorance, and let idolatry and super- more confidence in the work and larger stition postpone the world's emancipa- contributions to it. The laymen tion day? If so, how vainly have we hope to produce this effect, not by es- prayed and labored to come into this tablishing a new missionary board, time of universal change. If we did nor by interfering with established not expect to reap why did we sow so

MISSIONARY

widely and generously? God does not $1,076,000,000, which is a tax of more demand the impossible. The utmost than one per cent. upon the aggregate of human ability and sacrifice is all He wealth of the nation. Contrasted with may reasonably expect and it is all He this, all the moral curative agencies in does expect. Does anybody believe the country, including churches, that we of the Methodist Episcopal schools, hospitals and humanitarian Church have reached our utmost ?Jhe social work, cost only $550,000,000 a Board of Foreign Missions is asking year. From the most caculating mafor the present year only a million and terial standpoint economy would apa quarter of money for all its mis- pear to demand a larger outlay for sions. Is there not wealth enough in religious and sociological reform work the hands of our 3,000,000 Methodists, in order to abridge this crime waste.- if they acknowledge themselves as Interior. God's stewards, to afford at least $3,- cioo,ooo for foreign missions and all Episcopal Giving as Viewed by a Japanese besides that other causes need? At a breakfast given to welcome Praise for American Missionaries the members of the Laymen's Com- mission, one of them described a con- Dr. R. Wardlaw Thompson of the versation between an American London Missionary Society, having re- churchman and a Japanese visitor on turned from a nine months' tour of the recent occasion of the celebration missionary inspection round the world, of the three hundredth anniversary of pays a generous tribute to American the planting of the English Church at missionaries. He says that at the Jamestown. The Japanese visitor in- Shanghai Conference they were at quired, "Isn't it true that the children the fore in everything. "They have connected with your church raise a big ideas and big resources and seem special contribution for foreign misto aim at things which British mis- sions every Easter?" "That is so," sionaries do not attempt." Possibly was the reply. He then asked, "Isn't Doctor Thompson would suggest that it the case that the women connected they aim higher than they hit. He with your church raise a similar spesays, "What we call a college they call cial contribution every three years?" a university and everything else is run On receiving an answer in the affirmon that principle." Yet he heartily ative, he further asked, "Isn't it the testifies that they bring about large case that the special offering now beresults.-C ongre gationalist. ing made by American laymen for for- eign missions in connection with this Cost of Crime and of Cure celebration is the first of its kind?" "Yes," was the reply. "It seems to me The chaplain of the Evangelistic then," he continued, "that your chil- Prison Society of New Yark, Rev. dren contribute to foreign missions John J. Munro, has compiled some once a year, your women once in three astounding figures as to the cost of years, and your business men once in crime in the United States, and pub- three hundred years." lishes them in Harper's Weekly. He calculates that in the whole country We Can Do It. If We Will the total annual expense of maintaining police forces, criminal courts and The Westminster, at least, thinks prisons is approximately $75°,000,000. so, and argues thus: The yearly loss occasioned by crimes against property appears to be above Assuming that our share of the $150,000,000. If to this is added the world is 500,000,000, and that it will loss of wages suffered by persons con- take one missionary to every 25,000 fined in prison, the grand total of of them, and $2 to reach each individcrime-cost every year in America ual, our problem is to increase our would reach the stupendous sum of force of missionaries from about 4,- 000 to 20,000 and our annual offerings from about $9,000,000 a year to we need, alld must have a plan for $40,000,000 a year. Can we do it? collecting our missionary fUJlds. Let us look at it soberly for a moment. It would mean one missionary going Thrifty Negroes in Richmond abroad out of every 1,000 of oui' Protestant church-members, or one- According to an item in the Richtenth of one per cent. of our member- mond Timcs-Dispatth a booklet has ship. Is this not extremely reason- beeij made up of residences and other able? property owned by negroes in Rich- mond, also churches, school buildings As to the cost of supporting 20,000 and business establishment~ conducted American and Canadian missionaries by negroes. The booklet is gotten out and their work? The whole enter'" for the purpose of letting the thouprise would cost an average of $2 per sands who are attracted to Virginia church-member per year, or less than by the Jamestown Exposition this year know what the better class of negroes a street-car fare a week! That this is doing in Richmond. On the in- formation page of the booklet are the is entirely possible is conclusively statements that the negro population proved by the fact that already one of the city is 35,000. They own real denomination, the United Presbyterian, estate valued at $I,345,91O, and pay is giving about this average to its taxes to the amount of $I6,753.60. foreign mission work, and about an They conduct 4 insurance companies, equal amount to aggressive missionary 4 banks, 4 drug stores, and 5 weekly work at home. Instead of feeling that newspapers. Among the colored peothey are now doing their duty, this ple are I4 physicians, 4 dentists, 8 same denomination has officially lawyers and many men engaged in all adopted a foreign missionary policy kinds of business. They have 3I which will require an average of about churches and 90 public school teachers. $8 per member to carry through. Episcopal Work for the Sioux Methodists eM Do It. If The.y Will The Church is served by no less The Western Christian Advocate demonstrates the fact clearly in this than I6 Indian clergymen, and there fashion: are about 60 others, not in the min- This year, 19°7, is God's providential time for introducing a new plan istry, who are licensed by the bishop into the Church. We must have a plan for the work. We have been to hold services. The clergy, with the groping along for two generations trusting to expedients,-and now let aid of these assistants, keep up service us have 2. plan. Let us have S0mething like a fixt revenue. A nickel in 90 congregations. They have 70 a month from each 0' our members would yield a reventt(: of $1,800,000 church buildings. There are 3,S8 I a year. A penny a day would yield $10,000,000 a year! Twenty-five Indian communicants. The Indian cents a month from I,ooo,ooo of our people would yield $3,000,000 a year. congregations raised last year for Ten cents a month from every fourth member of our church would yield a charitable and religious objects about revenue of $goo,ooo a year. In short our people have resources enClugh for $9,200. . any emergency, but we have no practical plan for collecting the money. An Indian Miracle of Missions Here is the weak spot. We mllSt have a plan. Let us not forget the word- Doctor Holt of the Presbyterian Mission writes: "I am just home from spending the Sabbath with our Uma- tilla Indian church. I witnessed a scene not easily forgotten. In re- sponse to the urgent call of the Indians some 35 of our Nez Perce Indians, accompanied by Miss Crawford, came over to the church, and having held special evangelistic services, the re- sults were gathered last Sabbath. In the morning we dedicated tbe new Presbyterian Success In Cuba church free from debt. At three in the afternoon we celebrated the Lord's Rev. J. 11. Greene, superintendent Supper. There were fully 250 Indians present. In the audience sat Rev. of Presbyterian work in the island, .Tames Hays, , ho was a wild Indian reports that he has in Havana a handwhen a young man, and is now a con- some new church edifice occupying secrated minister of the Gospel. There one of the prominent corners, which sat Kipkapalikan, a grandson of one seats about 300, and has 28 other of the Indians who went to St. Louis organized churches with a total memin 1832 to find the white man's Book bership of 700 under his care in other of Heaven. He is a member of the parts of the island, with 22 missionary Presbyterian Church. There was Sar- stations. ah, an old, decrepit woman, who first heard the Gospel from the lips of Mrs. In addition to the Presbyterian Marcus ~Thitman, and well remem- Church, regular services are held by bers her. She is a consistent Chris- the Episcopalians, who have just laid tian and has been for many years. the corner-stone of a cathedral, the There was Philip Minthorn, whose Methodists, the Baptists and the Chrisancestors murdered the Whitman tian Scientists, and there is a flourishparty. He is now a respected elder ing Young Men's Christian Associain the church. It sent a thrill through tion occupying a large building on the my soul to look at these monuments Prado, the most prominent street in to God's grace, all of them my ac- the city, in the next block to the Amerquaintances, who have come out from ican Club. The Y. M. C. A. has a such darkness into the marvelous light reading-room, gymnasitim, fencing of the Gospel. Twenty-seven members school, swimming pool and other atwere added to the little Indian church tractions which have made it very poplast Sabbath on profession of their ular among the younger generation of faith, and seventeen of them. were Cubans. baptized." Peril to Americana in Foreign Lands ConiU'ma.tions in Cuba A visitor to Mexico recently re- From February to .Tune Bishop ported, on returning to the United Knight has confirmed more persons States, that the Christian Church was than during the whole of 1906. He ex- losing more Americans in Mexico. pects that the record for the year will than it was saving Mexisans. There be fully 100 per cent. better than that is the same leakage inoHier lands. No for the preceding year, and the same .greater problem confronts the Chrisfigures are likely to hold true with tian Church than the problem of saregard to baptisms. At Matanzas the ving its own people who go out on bishop recently confirmed 29 persons, commercial and political errands to presented by the Rev. F. Diaz, whose the mission fields. The number who work at this important mission during go on such errands is steadily increasthe past six months has resulted in ing, and there are in many cities on the changing a situation full of difficulty, mission fields now communities of and possible failure, illt0 one of great English-speaking people ranging from promise. At Macagua, a smaller place one to ten thousand population. served from Matanzas, 4 were bapti.zed and 31 confirmed, while at <:=olon, From Santiago, Chili, Doctor Lesanother point without a resident mis- ter, the pastor of the Union Church, sionary, the class numbered 9.-Spirit writes in an appeal for the provision of Missions. of facilities for reaching the young men: "The number of unmarried men, American as. well as English and Scotch, is increasing. Without home influences and surrounded by peculiar temptations, so many of them go to aside one stick for the Lord. This the bad. The saddest feature of my means much. The work of preparing ministerial experience is the shipwreck of so many fine young fellows." cassava is arduous, requiring patience, any amount of time, and much muscle. The foreign mission boards of the It is done entirely by women, the real United States and Canada, realizing burden-bearers in Africa. that in any such work they must act together, have appointed a committee Blantyre Then and Now to look after the religious needs of these communities to cooperate with On the23d of October, 1876, a party the Christian men and women in these of missionaries encamped for the night communities in the building and main- under a fig-tree amid the ruins of a tenance of union churches. This com- native village among the Shire hills mittee consists of the Rev. Henry N. of Central Africa. They had been Cobb, D.D., Mr. Alfred E. Maring, sent out bv the Church of Scotland to found a ;11ission to the tribes of that Mr. William J. Schieffelin, Mr. Rob- region as the Church's best and most lasting memorial of the great missionert E. Speer (chairman). ary and traveler, David Livingstone. They had come to stay, and they Presbyterian Missions in South America named the place "Blantyre," after the little town on the Clyde where Living- Rev. F. E. Clark has just returned stone was born. The fig-tree grows from an extensive tour in the south- there still, but the village ruins are ern half of the Western continent, gone long ago. In their place stands which he concludes to be "the con- the oldest mission establishment in all tinent of opportunities." He also re- that country, with its church and ports that the Presbyterian and the schools, its hospital and workshops, Methodist-Episcopal churches "have its fields and gardens. been most active in effort for its redemption." He says: "The Presbyte- Out of the ruins of the old native rian Church is one of the two that village where the first mission party have especially realized the importance camped thirty years ago, there has of the southern half of America, and risen a mission with 4 European staher missionaries are found in Venezue- tions, . 8 native stations, 9 native la, Colombia, Chile and Brazil, 4 out churches with a communion roll of of the 11 republics of South America. 1,013 communicants and a catechu- mens' roll of 831 members. Blantyre There are now 77 Presbyterian is now the chief center of trade and churches in Brazil alone, with 6,999 commerce in Central Africa, and the communicants who contributed, in. residence of a European community 1906, nearly $90,000, for home support numbering over ISO. The country is and mission purposes. under the protection of the British flag, and the old days of raiding and AFRICA slavery are over and gone. Peace and security of life and property are What Counts Most for Africa assured to the native peoples all over the country. Everywhere the door William T. Stead said, "South stands wide open to the messengers Africa is the product of three 'forces of the Gospel of Peace.-Uganda -conquest, trade and missions-and Notes. of the three, the first counts for the least, and the last for the greatest fac- Livingstonia Up-to-date , tor in the expansion of civilization in Africa." The Livingstonia Mission of the United Free Church of Scotland, Tithing Among African Christians situated in British Central Africa, has 8 'central stations, with 360 out-sta- There are women among the Benito Christians who, when they prepare ten sticks of cassava, the staple native food in all West Africa, carefully lay tions, and a men:bership of 3,311, and caused 'much discussion and no little 3,527 catechumens. There are also 512 criticism in the home cO)1I1try is to be schools with 34,223 pupils. Last year abandoned and recourse is again to be the adult baptisms numbered 375, had to native labor, which the mine and the infant baptisms 559. The owners contend is incapable and not work is evangelistic, medicil, educa- equal in numerical strength to the de- tional and industrial, and the guiding mand. Immorality reported to exist principle is that the native must learn in the compounds in which the coolies to help himself, and then help others. were confined led some months ago to an outcry which is probably mainly Basuto Evangelists at Work responsible for the abandonment of the system. The opposition to the The Basutoland Mission, founded Transvaal ministry accuses General in 1833 by three young Frenchmen, Botha of proposing the measure in marked the beginning of a remarkable return for a loan of $25,000,000 exmovement among that darkened peo- tended by the British Government, ple toward the Gospel. The tribe which had been placed on the defennumbers 400,000 persons, and of these sive by the stirring of moral sentiment. 20,000 are now members of the native The colonial government, however, church, wnile 30,000 have been in bases the action on the alleged overgreater or less degree brought under supply of native labor, which it asserts Gospel influences. In the matter of should be given preference over the self-support, the Basuto native church Asiatics. Economic issues count for set itself nobly to realize the ideal set much in the matter, of course, but the before it by the missionaries, and has fact is that most of the world has for years provided tor its own ex- reached a stage of civilization in which penses as well as for those of the na- the coolie contract system has no place. tive pastors. The members have also Our own government discovered that responded readily to the call to evan- fact when it sounded public opinion gelize the heathen members of their on the subject of employing Chinese race, and of the $25,000 a year which labor on the Panama canal.-Interior. is found necessary' for this purpose they are regularly raising about Troubles of the Madagascar Missionary $20,000. There were formerly 20 European missionaries on the staff, Schools but as the native pastors have increased-there being now 13 such Reference has been made in our helpers at work-it has not been columns again and again to the troubthought necessary to fill up recent va- les and dangers of the missionary cancies, and the number is now 17. In schools in Madagascar, and we, as well addition to the efforts carried on at the as probably our readers, were to some main centers, there are some 397 out- extent under the impression that the stations and schools worked by native trouble was caused by the anti-Chrishelpers. tian standpoint of the French gov- ernor-~neraI. The latest develop- Coolies to Leave Tralllivaal ments,however, cause·us to change our opinion and to look upon the trouble That the employment of Chinese as an outbreak of anti-Protestant feellabor in the mines of the Transvaal is ing. Rome is being manifestly to be abandoned was foreshadowed by favored ill the manner in which of the statement of Premier Botha before late the new school laws have been enthe colonial Parliament shortly after forced and interpreted. For instance, it reconvened late in June. The <;on- according to the new law applications tracts of some 16,000 of the coolies for permits for all schools had to be will expire with the end of the year, made. After months of waiting and when repatriation is to begin. Thus anxiety the government has answered a comparatively b~ief experiment that some of these applications and the answers are contrary to the interest preaching of the Gospel 15 gladly of Protestant schools, but more heard. favorable to Catholic institutions. This is see!! very clearly from the results ISLANDS OF THE SEA of the enforcement of the new law in the. district of Ambatolampy. In Ko- Probls.tant Doings in the Philippines vember, 1906, there were in that district 27 missionary schools of all de- These denominations are at work scriptions under the care of the Paris in the islands: The Baptists, Chris" Missionary Society, while the Nor- tians (Disciples), Congregationalists, wegian Lutherans supported a similar Episcopalians, Methodists, Presbytenumber, so that there were 60 Prot- rians and United Brethren. These estant schools altogether. Besides formed in the year 1900 the Evanthese, there were 40 Roman Catholic gelical L'nion, assigning definite terriand 10 public schoob. The mission- tories as fields of operation for the aries of the Paris Society asked for variollS denominations, so that there the granting of permits for 16 schools. is very little overlapping- of fields of The edict of the governor grants per- labor. This manifestly is as it should mits for the 10 public schools in the be everywhere. There is a very Sy111district of Ambatolampy, for 2 Roman pathetic relation between the mission- Catholic schools, and for one Protes- ary bodies, and phases of cooperation tant missionary school of the Paris in union service are developed among society. Thus all Norwegian schools them. The total Protestant memberare supprest, and it seems very ap- ship in the islands is something over parent that Protestant schools have 15,000 souls, not yet ready to be refared worse than Roman Catholic. ceived into full member,ship.

The Journal des Missions Evangel- Presbyterian Gains iques speaks also of serious vexations in other parts of the island, which can Presbyterian missionaries in the not yet be made public, and of the con- Philippines have no cause to repine tinuance of the refusal to permit relig- over the ingathering of the past year. ious assemblies and religious work. More than 2,000 members were re- In Fort Dauphin, in the southern part ceived into the various churches under of Madagascar, the administrator of the 7 stations of the Board. This is the the province prohibited all Protestant largest number ever welcomed in any services and closed all churches, ex- single year and brings the sum total cept the Catholic, in the beginning of of membership to about 6,500. The May. This edict stopt definitely the property interests will aggregate activity of the missionaries of the $100,000, and this amount does not Norwegian Lutheran Church in include a number of chapels built by America and' also the worship of the the Filipinos themselves. The other Independent Protestant churches com- denominations show a proportionate posed of natives. increase in their membership.

Thus it seems as if the crusade in Episcopacy in Manila Madagascar is more anti-Protestant, than anti-Christian. But the Lord The American Church at Manila reigns, and while the enemy is threat- held the first service in its fine new ening, He sends encouragement to His building, Easter Sunday; it seats workers through the continuance of about 300 and was full. At 10 :30, a the gracious revival among the native trumpeter on the roof garden played Christians in Madagascar and through "The trumpet shall sOClnd" from "The the manifestation of a spirit of inquiry 11essiah" and, as the strains died among its heathen inhahitants, so that away, the choir down below sang their the meetings are crowded and the opening hymn. Doctor Rossiter's claim that "this is the first roof garden church ever built" no one will dispute. It strikes us not only as an up-to-date

MISSIONARY

idea but a sensible adaptation in a Whe.t Captain Cook Did Not Know tropical city. "By easy flights of stairs at both ends of the church, we A little over a hundred years ago, ascend to the roof garden, tiled and Captain Cook, who found motive to beautiful, to be used for evening ser- take him into many parts of the world, vices, social purposes and young peo- wrote: ple's work. Brilliant with rows of elect.ic lights, it is a nightly adver- It is very unlikely that any measure of tisement of 'something doing' in the this kind (that is, missionary effort) should religious world. Nearly 200 gathered ever be seriously 'thought of, as it can for song service Easter evening." neither serve the purpose of public ambi- tion nor private avarice, and without such inducements I may pronounce that it will never be undertaken.

MISCELLANEOUS How utterly his prediction has failed the history of missions shows. The Greatest Things The transformations in character and social condition which have taken The deepest needs of the world are place are proof of the operation of a spiritual needs. One man invested power to inspire effort and change $lOO,OOO in India. It resulted in the life of which many men who are wise conversion of 50,000 in that district and competent in some things know -one soul saved for every two dol- not. lars invested. This was better than to have founded Chicago University The Ethics of Giving or to have given $32,000,000 to the general education fund. Christ's "You will never win the world to standard of greatness was service. Christ by your spare cash." This is a On the Kongo a man's value is esti- sentence from the speech before the mated in cattle; on the Hudson, in "Cnited Kingdom Alliance by a wellsocial standing; but by the river of known member of Parliament; and it life, by what he is, and the standard is one that is well worth pondering. is helpfulness. It is not what we can "spare"-i. e., J. CAMPBELL WHITE. what we do not ourselves "want"- A Strenuous Furlough which is due 'to God. "He loveth a cheerful giver"; but if we give cheer- Dr. F. H. Sheets, of Chicago, Sec- fully only what we do not require for retary of the Chicago Division of the our own needs and superfluities, that Methodist Episcopal Missionary So- is only the cheerfulness of good naciety, writes thus of the work of two ture, and not the cheerfulness of a India missionaries, who have been on loving heart, that gives not only out furlough: of its superabundance, but but of its necessities. What it costs us, not Everywhere they have gone they han what it amounts to in bulk, is the proved a great spiritual blessing to the measure of a true gift to God. If this people and have given a new impulse to standard were applied to Christian the missionary cause. I have been re- Giving, there would be startling develceiving assurances from pastors all over ,pe opments and expansion of service as country that the special gifts received by well as gifts.-London Christian. them have in no way interfered with the regular offerings, but have been assured, Richard Baxter or Foreign MISSions on the contrary, that the deepened interest taken in missionary matters is a guarantee "My soul is much more afflicted with of larger missionary offerings. You will the thoughts of the miserable world, be interested to know that in the eleven and more drawn out in desire of their months of their campaign they have made conversion than heretofore. I was over 425 addresses and have received in wont to look but little farther than special gifts "fop the work in India" over England in my prayers, as not con- $II,700. This is entirely apart from regu- sidering the state of the rest of the lar missionary collections which they have helped the pastors take, and increased offerings that have been received in many places because of their presence.

world; or if I prayed for the conver- Two China Missionaries Drowned sion of the J e'ws that was almost all. But now as I understand better the A cablegram from Kuling, China, on case of the world and the method of July 30th, announces that the Rev. the Lord's Prayer, so there is nothing Warren B. Seabury and the Rev. Arin the world that lieth so heavy upon thur S. Mann have been drowned. my heart as the thought of the miserable nations of the world. I can not be Mr. Seabury was connected with affected so much with the calamities the Yale Mission College in Changof my own relations, or the land of sha, China. After being graduated my nativity, as with the case of the from Yale he studied at the Hartford heathen, Mohammedan, and ignorant Theological Seminary. He was the nations of the earth. Could we but go son of the Rev. Joseph B. Seabury of among Tartarians, Turks and heath- Wellesley Hills, Mass., and had been ens, and speak their language, I should a strong factor in building up the Yale be but little troubled for the silencing Mission. of 1,800 ministers at once in England, nor for all the rest that were cast out Mr. Mann was a son of Dr. Mathere, and in Scotland and Ireland, thew D. Mann, physician of Buffalo, there being no employment in the N. Y. He was a graduate of the world so desirable in my eyes as to General Theological Seminary in New labor for the winning of such misera- York, and had been connected in ble souls; which maketh me greatly China with St. John's College in honor Mr. John Eliot, that apostle of Shanghai. the Indians in New England, and whoever else have labored in such work.'? Kuling, where these two men met their death, is a hill station, visited by OBITUARY many missionaries during the summer.

Young J. Allen, of China Rev. Cav. GeTmonat. D.D.• of ItalT The whole Church, especially the This revered servant of God entered Church in China, has sustained a great into rest on Saturday morning, Feb. loss in the death of Dr. Young J. 9th, at the ripe age of 80 years. Allen, for many years a missionary of the Methodist Church (South). He He was born on Christmas Day was one of those great men who have followers but no successors. 1827, at Villar, a few miles from For nearly 50 years Doctor Allen la- Torre-Pellice. His father had a small bored in China, spending his life and all that he had on that field. He lived farm, and money was a scarce comand died for a people made dear to him not by racial ties, but by the re- modity in that as in so many other deeming love of Christ. His devotion should quicken with new life our con- homes in the Waldensian valleys. Besecration to the great cause which lay so near to his heart. ing, however, from his earliest days Moses, the man of God, after his a studious lad, he was given every poslong day of toil, went home at nightfall, crying as he went away from his sible advantage in the way of acquirunfinished tasks: "Establish thou the work of our hands upon us; yea, the ing knowledge, and no weather was work of our hands establish thou it." In like mind Young J. Allen has laid too severe to prevent him making his himself down to sleep. way on foot to the Torre school.

In 1850, he was ordained by the synod in the Church of San Giovanni Luserna, and was appointed first to Turin and then to Genoa, where he founded a 'church which is now one of the strongest in the Waldensian com- munity. , In I855, the synod resolved to estab- lish a school of theology of its own in Torre-P~llice, and Sig. Geymonat (then aged 28) was appointed pro- fessor. This office he held for 46 years.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1907

CENTURY-CHRISTIAN

courtesy of TIle Chri8t1an Herald TWENTIETH CENTURY-WORLD~S SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVENTION A CONTRAST-TWO PRAYER-MEETINGS IN THE COLOSSEUM AT ROME

'The §ilissionary 'R..eview

of the World VOL. XXX. No. AUGUST, 1907 VOL. XX. No.8 Old 1>'erier New Series puUlu.hed by Fuuk & 'agllalls COIIIl!:lIlY, ~-l~{jO Eo ~au n., N. Y. hn:J.l; K. Funk, Pn:!s., A. V. Ta~Iw.IJ…., Yice·]'re~. l1ntI Tn-.as., P.oJt. Scott, bee'y.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES THE WORLD'S SUNDAY-SCHOOL Name from the earth; and here this CONVENTION great company of Christian delegates- meet to celebrate His Name, never be- The recent World's Sunday-school fore so widely worshiped and adored Convention in Rome was a great occa- as to-day. sion and a notable success. There is something startling in its historic sig- As is shown in our correspondent's nificance. How few of us realize that account of the convention, this gaththe "Eternal City," seat of the Roman ering was unusually strong in its empontiffs, was for centuries so exclusive phasis on the Great Commission of of evangelical Christianity that not Christ. It is a significant sign that only could no gospel preacher have this great department of the Church liberty to preach inside the walls, but is to give more emphasis in future to travelers were not allowed to bring a the teaching of missionary facts, obli- Bible within, if known. Yet here in gations and privileges. the very headquarters of papal edict, the throne of the Romish Church, One of the great results of the within a stone's throw of the Vatican, World's Convention was the pledging over a thousand leading Protestants, of $75,000 for missionary work in representing the vVorlel's evangelical North Africa and elsewhere; and bodies, met in conference to promote another outcome is the plan for a Bible study, and met with none to mo- world's tour of Sunday-school worklest or make them afraid. ers in a chartered steamship, to leave New York in December, 1908, Mis- Poetically significant was the gath- sionary work has everything to gain ering amid the memorable ruins of the and nothing to lose by publicity. Colosseum. Here on the very sands that have been soaked with the blood THE ROMAN CHURCH BIBLE of early Christian martyrs, where thousands have met the fierce Numid- Pope Pius X. has ordered a revision ian lion and been torn to pieces for of the Latin Vulgate Bible, which Christ's sake, over a thousand dele- was prepared by Jerome at the regates peacefully assembled to bear quest of Pope Damasus 1,500 years witness to the very Nazarene in whose ago. About two hundred years cause those martyrs suffered. The pa- atter Jerome's translation was comgan Roman persecutors sought to pleted it was officially indorsed in the wipe out the remembrance of His Roman Church, under Pope Gregory the Great. After it became known as the Vulgate or Common Version, it succeeded in paying the rent of a passed through various changes be- house in Cadiz, in which are installed fore it took permanent, form by be- the Protestant school and chapel. The ing printed at Mayence, in 1455 A.D., pastor supports himself by manual the first complete volume issued from labor. Last year saw a substantial in- the printing-press. The Council of crease in the amount contributed for Trent about 1550 authorized the publi- the maintenance of the work, and the cation of an official edition of the Vul- gifts without exception came from gate, which was issued by Pope Clem- Spain alone. ent VIII. in' 1592 and has since that time been the standard edition in the The Evangelical schools all over Roman Catholic Church. The r~vi- Spain are well attended, and enjoy a – sion now ordered is a result of the good reputation. studies of the Biblical Commission ap- pointed by. Pope Leo XIII. a short Tho progress in Spain may be time before his death in 1903: It is slow, the work is not in vain. The an important step for the Roman Spaniards themselves are doing more Church. Let us hope the new version every year toward self-support, but will be widely read by those who have are still far from being independent so long neglected the Scriptures. of foreign help. The education of Spanish pastors and teachers is of the MOVEMENTS IN SPAIN greatest importance. If all the build- ings of the Spanish Evangelical Days of greater religious liberty III Church were their property instead of Spain seem to be withip measurable being hired rooms, the yearly ex- distance, altho they may not be as penditure, which is a. heavy burden near as many anticipated, for the for these small funds, might help in power of the bishops and priests has many another way to spread the King- to be taken into account. dom of Christ in Spain.

The Evangelical Church in Spain THE McALL MISSION IN FRANCE stands dear of political confusions and can now preach the Gospel every- In these times of unrest in France where, in spite of all the secret inqui- the McAll Mission continues to do sition which persecutes everyone who faithful, efficient work. The thirty- openly acknowledges the Gospel. fourth annual report shows that the Romanism remains the State religion, enterprise is adapting itself to chang- forbidding the Protestants any public ing conditions.. manifestation. Evangelical work must be almost in secret, but the Protestant There is to-day neither religious in- congregations keep up bravely. Espe- difference nor a general knowledge of cially encouraging is. the growing Bible facts. People have taken posi- consciousness among Spanish Prot- tion on the one side or the other; the estants that they themselves must care freethinkers are even more tyrannical more for their spiritual growth than than the priest; and children, barely they have hitherto. The common ef- escaped from school, retail the latest forts of the congregations who form destructive theories of higher critics. the Spanish Evangelical Church have The mission boat, Bonne Nouvelle, has been going through a district hith- erto t1llvisite1, and excited great curi-

SIGNS OF THE

osity. "Almost all the inhabitants of through the new laws. Ignorance ,Rogny," writes M. Dautry, "came to must naturally increase again. Su- the meetings." "There is no sale for perstition will once more become ram- news;:>apers," declared the village sta- pant,.and the work of the missionaries tioner; "nobody reads them. The men will be greatly hindered. say they get better at the boat." A GREAT AWAKEJHNG IN BENGAL Miss Helen Gould, who has been spending some months in France, af- Bishop La Trobe, of the Moravian ter carefully looking over the whole Church, writes that "new blessings and ground, made generous gifts to the new anxieties are closely connected in McAll Mission to buy ground at recent news from the Gossner Mission Bicetre. Subsequently she increased to the Kols of India. The Society has her gifts to the work in Paris to $3,- spread a net of stations all over Chota 60:), and now has given $6,00:) to ena- Nagpur, in the south of Bengal; and ble the mission to buy the building at the membership of its mission to the Ronbaix. Kols is reckoned by thousands. Be- yond the southwest corner of its pres- FRENCH MISSIONARY SCHOOLS IN ent district lies the native State of MADAGASCAR J aipur, till recently hermetically sealed against all missionary enterprise. A The dangers with which the mis- sudden and mighty movement has sionary schools in Madagascar are commenced among its heathen. Withthreatened by the edicts of the French in a'few weeks about 3,000 have come governor-general have 'already been to missionaries Eckert and John; dementioned, and the situation is more siring Christian instruction, and this fully described on another page, The seems to be but the commencement Journal des Missions Evallgeliques of a larger harvest. Vriting from his gives some other important facts' station, Kinkel, near the J aipur fronwhich may stimulate and guide our tier, Mr. John says that a breath of prayers. The province of Ambositra divine life is passing over the whole contains about 15,000 children of land. God has opened the. door so school age. There are but I2 govern- wide that they have never seen anyment schools, which at best could ac- thing like it. commodate only 1,500 pupils. The Paris Missionary Society had in this "How has all this come about? The province 88 schools which were at- answer is calculated to give joy to all tended by 4,4I2 pupils last year. Un- who know what missionary work and der the new laws and for the purposes native agency really mean. The zealof centralization of scholars, the mis- ous testimony of the Kol Christians sionaries decided to drop 40 of the themselves has awakened among their smaller schools, and have applied for heathen neighbors an earnest desire 50 permits according to the law. There for the Gospel-a desire not to be is little doubt, however, that the gov- quenched by the beatings and imprisernment will grant little more than onments which many of them have alhalf of these permits. Thus 88 mis- ready suffered, The Gossner Missionary schools in the province of Am- sion is one of the smaller Continental bositra will be reduced to about 25 societies, and it is struggling manfully

with the financial burdens involved in quirers being taught in preparation its great ingathering in Chota N agpur for baptism. One young farmer, who itself. How then can it take up this has felt the quickening spirit, has new and urgent work? This is far already brought in one hundred and from being the first serious crisis in fifty converts. These people are com- the story of the mission, and once ing faster than the workers are able again faith can find a solution to the to train them. With the present force problem, seeing that it arises out of the of workers Mr. Denning says that it fact that God has placed before them is safe to expect at least one thousand an open and effectual door." converts this year, and they can in- A· NEW MOVEMENT AMONG THE crease the numbers as rapidly as they CHAMARS can take the Gospel to the new vil- lages. More workers mean more con- Rev. ]. 0. Denning, of the Meth- verts. This means that more money odist Episcopal Mission has recently is needed to support more workers. I started a remarkable movement among This movement bids fair to be one of the Chamar caste toward Christianity the great movements in India toward in the Ballia district, about a hundred Christianity. miles northeast of Benares. Christian work there was begun a few years A WORK OF GRACE AT AINTAB ago by a Canadian mission which, A growing revival is reported from however, was unable to shepherd their Aintab, Central Turkey, where it has flock on account of a lack of funds, been going on for some months with so that a number of the converts re- many conversions, largely among the verted to their old ways. Last year Gregorians. A remarkable iactor in Mr. Denning was assigned to this ihe movement has been the efficient district, and Illahi Baksh was placed help of young men belonging to the in charge as the head worker. . evangelical party in the Gregorian Illahi Baksh and his wife were in Church. This party continues to grow America for nine years, where he took in numbers and influence, and it seems a course in theology and she took a as if there must soon come a crisis in degree in medicine. He has now the Gregorian community. Each three preachers to assist him, and Sunday afternoon, at the close of the they' go everywhere telling the good regular service in the cathedral, there old story of salvation in Christ and is a preaching service held by these giving medicine to the sick. They young laymen in the great schoolroom have won back a number of the for- adjoining, which service is attended mer Christians that had lapsed and by from 1,200 to 1,50;) people. . It is have also gained many new conyerts. a striking contrast to the handful of The Chamar caste are all farmers. worshipers at the regular service in They take to the Gospel quite readily the church and naturally stirs the and whole villages are now coming to jealousy of the priests. As yet they ask for baptism. Within two months have not ventured to use the full our Christian community increased power of the hierarchy to put down from two hundred and fifty to five the movement for fear of alienating hundred and fifty, with scores of in- to the Protestant Church this large

7] SIGNS OF THE

body of educated and progressive value as given by those who know of young men and women, for the move- what they speak.• ment among the young women is nearly as strong as among the young men. Similar and more remarkable changes have come to Y9kohama papers. JAPANESE NEWSPAPERS CHANGING FRONT A PRISON REVIVAL IN JAPAN Among the places in which the Rev. H. Loomis, of the American Holy Spirit has brought about a re- Bible Society, writes concerning some vival is the prison at Obihiro, in significant changes of attitude and North Japan. spirit as touching Christianity on the Miss Monk, of Sapporo, writes part of a .number of secular papers. Thus the Japan Times recently pub- to Woman's r-York that there were lished an excellent article on "Chris- several earnest Christians among tianity in Japan," and in an editorial the prison officers, including the wardcleclared that not only was education en, and nearly all the eight hundred needed, b1.1t religion also, to keep men prisoners had Bibles, while one hunback from sinful lives. The same pa- dred and twenty of them received regper published an article upon the ular Bible instruction for about a year. work of the American Bible Society Rev. George Pierson, of Asahigawa, in connection with the Y. M. C. A. went with a Japanese pastor to hold meetings in the prison and more than The Japan Daily Mail, speaking in four hundred prisoners, besides about a recent issue of the attitude of the one hundred officials and their fampress of the East toward the mission- ilies, became earnest inquirers. Thus aries, admits that some of the latter Christ's program of the Kingdom is have been overzealous, but adds this still being carried out. testimonial: METHODIST UNION IN JAPAN But it admits of no question that when The mission work which has been the record is fairly considered an enormous maintained in Japan by the Methodists preponderance appears on the side of 'the of Canada and the Northern and missionary as a factor of human progress. Southern branches of the Methodist Here in Japan the country owes to him an Episcopal Church in the United States immense debt of gratitude for his example,. have been united in one denomination, no less than for his efforts, and in China known as the "Nippon Methodist his quiet, self-sacrificing lahors have done Kyokwai," or the Methodist Church much for the cause of moral elevation. of Japan. The constitution, or "arti- That he should not be fully appreciated is, cles of religion," are patterned after perhaps, inevitable. Nothing good is ever those of the mother churches. Inappreciated at its true worth. But that he stead of being a life office, as in the should be assailed and abused is one of the United States, bishops are to be strangest phenomena of modern times. elected for eight years, but may be re- elected. The first bishop of the church The press is beginning to speak is Yoitsu Honda. He is an able man more justly regarding the missionary, and has had a remarkable history. He and such a 'testimony as this, coming was born in 1848. He was twenty-one from one of the two or three most ionfluential newspapers in Asia, is of

years old before he saw the Bible. GOOD WORK ON PLEASANT ISLAND He became a Methodist in 1876 and was the first native minister of that On the island of Nauru (or Pleaschurch in Japan. For some time he ant Island), in Micronesia, at about was in public legislative service, and the middle of the Pacific Ocean, "5,000 was urged to enter more largely upon miles from anywhere," as some one it, but would not turn aside from the has stated it, Rev. Philip A. Delaporte Christian ministry. For some years began a new work eight years ago. he has been president of the Anglo- He has been supported by the Ha- Japanese College at Tokyo. waiian Congregationalists through the American TIoard. The island is eigh- This church begins its existence teen miles in circumference and has with over I2,000 members, I28 or- a population of I,550. In eight years ganized churches, I39 ministers, 62 Mr. and Mrs. Delaporte have mas- Bible-women, 14 boarding-schools for tered the language, established schools both sexes with 2,729 pupils, 32 day- in which they have 300 pupils, built schools with 2,713 pupils, 2 theological a church whkh has an average conschools wi~h 53 students-a total of gregation of 8°4, and a membership 5,565; a great showing indeed! The of 6:x). During a season of special value of churches and parsonages interest, 284 persons were converted, foots up above $roo,ooo. and the work is steadily going on. The translation of the New Testament A DANGER IN SIERRA LEONE was printed on the island by natives, under the instruction of the mission- The Mohammedans in Africa arc ary, who is a practical as well as a being aroused against Christianity in scholarly man. lVIr. and Mrs. Delathe Hinterland of· Sierra Leone, be- porte have come to America to obcause of the activity and success of tain much needed rest and to have the Christian missions. Rev. Norman Testaments bound. The record of Bennet does not view this invasion these eight years is remarkable, even lightly, but as most serious. Should for the island world. Nauru is of a it go on unchecked he believes that it phosphate formation, and a German will mean that the whole Protectorate company is exporting the rock for the will in a shvrt tilLe btcome Moham- manufacture of fertilizers. They almedan. low missionaries free use· of their ships for transportation and supplies, St. John Oswell, district commis- and went to much troubl~ and exsioner at Batkanu, reports that in his pense to bring Mr. Delaporte to the district Mohammedans have increased United States. The natives are earn- 50 per cent. in the last two years. ing money and contributing gener- This is a serious outlook, and in other ously to the mission work. Now that parts of the Hinterland men are seen 500 Chinese laborers have been teaching, children with wooden tablets brought to the island the burden upon reciting the Koran, and chiefs are be- the missionaries is increased; but th~y coming Mohammedan. The only way are looking forward eagerly to returnto meet this danger is by earnest pray- ing next fall. er and an increasing activity in the Christian propaganda.

BEACON·LIGHTS OF MISSIONARY

SAMUEL JOHN MILLS. JR.

BY ARTHUR T. PIERSON No man of the last century burned born !" "But, my son, you are born, with a more genuine missionary fer- and can not throw off your existence, vor, or cast beams of light with a more nor your everlasting accountability for_ penetrating and diffusive power, than your conduct," was her sagacious the boy, born April 21, 1783, in the reply. This interview revealed the parsonage at Torringford, Connecti- fact that he was in despair, and had, cut. Yet the fact is both curious and as he said, "seen to the bottom of significant, that Mills himself never hell!"

went on a foreign mission! Beacons His mother knew that there are light up the way for mariners, while times when an hour's talk with God they themselves remain stationary; will solve a problem which no amount and this man was providentially pre- of other talk can solve; and so, while vented from following the path he il- he went to school, she sought her lumined for all voyagers on life's closet; and, while she prayed, he, on main 1 This lesson, thus emphasized his way, had his "Damascus" vision in advance, will be found,.in review of of the beauty and glory of God.

his whole career, to be doubtless the Election now became a stepping~ most meaningful of all the suggestions stone instead of a stumbling-stone, of this heroic history-all crowded in- and he cried out, "0 glorious sov- to thirty-five short years. ereignty!" stopping by the way to Mills owed much to his ancestry. pray and think on the vision.

His father, after whom he was named, It may help other souls in the half a minister of Christ, who died in 1833, dawn of unassurance to know that in his ninetieth year, was always a never through his whole life had he great-souled man, and his boy owed to the full confidence of sonship. Per- him many winning qualities, especially haps, like Daniel, the vision of the a keen, sympathetic temperament, and Holy One turned even his "comeliness an aggressive spirit. into corruption."

During a revival, when Sainuel was But, notwithstanding a humility fifteen years old, he was brought un- which dared hope only with trembling, der conviction of sin, tho not into the he told his father that he could "con- peace of assured salvation. He ceive of no course in which to pass stumbled especially over that old the rest of his days that would be so stumbling-stone of election, which to pleasant as to communicate the Gos- him implied unjust discrimination in pe! salvation to the poor heathen."

the exercise of grace. Some three I ntro-spection was thus corrected years later, when about to enter Litch- by extro-spection. He might trem- field Academy, his godly mother, to ble as he looked within at his whose piety and prayers he owed also own corruption, but he forgot a measureless debt, frankly talked even that as he looked with- with him about his soul. But he only out at a thousand millions living sobbed out, "Oh, that I had never been in the deaH shade amid the h"lbita-

tions of cruelty. He could not stop to kindled concern in his fellow students, assure his own state in view of their he was sought by inquirers, and his state of which he was fully assured. own prayerfulness was evoked in in- And others saw that he was a spirit- tercession. Prayer-meetings were the filled man, even in his seminary days. natural outcome, which, influenced by The spring of r802, when yet but nine- a man of such missionary spirit, natteen, while engaged in farm work, his urally too 0;1 2. missionary tone. The great decision' was made, dedicating willows beside the college and the himself to missions; and in that step maple grove, midway to the Hoosac his mother's great Hannah-vow was River, afforded cool and shady reflilfilled, for she often said: "I have tiring places; and one day, when only consecrated this child to the service of five were there-lJills,]ames Richards, God as a missionary," tho, as she con- Frances L. Robbins, Harvey Loomis fest afterward, she little knew what and Byram Greel1-a very simple such surrender would cost, and how cause led to a very complex result. A it would end." sudden and violent thunderstorm drove them to the shelter of a hay- This choice of young Mills seemed stack. The~ talk had turned on Asia to him to' make necessary a proper and its darkness, and Mills had protraining, He could not afford to be in posed sending the Gospel to these mila hurry, Hence his college course at lions, adding those seven words,. now Williams and his seminary course at Andover. -immortal, "rVe call do it if we will"

Villiamstown was then a nursery -reminding of Carey's equally Imboth of scholarship and morality, mortal motto of ten years before: There was an esprit de corps there which more than any written law "Expect great things from God: molded manhood. Labor was honored, Attempt great things for God." and students encouraged to help themselves by frugality and industry. The Loomis alone objected that the time skepticism of Voltaire and the French was not yet ripe; but the majority infidels, which poisoned the thought of prevailed, and Mills said, "Come, let the beginning of the nineteenth cen- us make it a subject of prayer under tury and so largely pervaded letters, the hay." And the last petition was found no congenial soil in Williams' from his lips: "0 God, strike down College, where also the great revival the arm, with the red artillery of of the closing years of the eighteenth heaven, that shall be raised against century reached with kindling flame. a herald of the cross!" Evidently the lightning bolts had suggested In April, 1806, now twenty-three, his metaphor. Mills entered as freshman. Neither robust in body, nor brilliant in intel- These missionary grove prayerlect, he reached no higher rank in meetings being continued, others scholarship than Carey did in "cob- joined. The fire was fed with the fuel bling." But he was always a leader, of facts. All information that could with a contagious zeal, and, within a be gleaned from current reports, and few weeks, had already a commanding letters, being put before the meetings, influence; and, when the revival fires and Mills losing no chance either to feed or to fan the flame. He talked of

BEACON-LIGHTS OF MISSIONARY HISTORY

these things by the v:ay, as he. went At Andover, in 18lO, Mills met out and came in, so preoccupied with some of his college intimates, and missions that !-Ie neglected his studies, found a fine field for seed sowing.

and went near to the foot of his class, There the cipher records were treas-'

receiving at graduation no commence- ured till eight years later Pliny Fisk ment appointment. translated them, and they remain Beside intelligent zeal, Mills had among the archives. Samuel Nott and tact in organization, and, before grad- Adoniram Judson were lJotable addi- uating, had formed a "Society of tions to "the Brethren" at Andover, as Brethren," whose declared purpose also Samuel Newell. Thus graduates was "to effect, in the persolls of its of four colleges-Williams, Harvard, 1IH?1nbers, a mission to the heathen"- Brown and Amon-were closely not to send somebody else, but to go, linked in this earliest Foreign Mis- again reminding us of Care); and the sionary Society of America, and the immortal thirteen in Widow Wallis' great movement grew, under the parlor at Kettering in I792! leadership of this God-led young The first signers were five: Mills, man, Mills, who kept himself al- Ezra Fisk, James Richards, John ways in the background and pushed Seward and Luther Rice. Date, I80S. others to the front.

It is noticeable that the documents In 181 I, the first "Society of In- were all in cipher, partly because public quiry on the Subject of Missions" had opinion was not yet ripe for pUblicity. its birth, and its object was to gather Among other means taken to devel- and diffuse information as to the op missionary intelligence and interest, world field-a' society happily multi- was notably consultation with men of plied throughout the colleges.

eminent piety and sense, and spreading The next great step is the organiza- the movement in other colleges, Mills tion of the "American Board," the first himself visiting Yale, where he also really foreign missionary board in pursued a post-graduate course for a America, again following Carey's lead, few months. Dr. Mark Hopkins well for someone must "hold the ropes" if said that the origin and growth of others were to go down "into the American missions in such a way and ll1ine." There were by this time sev- from so humble a source "can be ac- eral societies in Britain, but Mills felt counted for only from the special that it would be a shame for American agency of tile spirit of God." But this candidates to have to go out through is not the only case in which a great British aid and patronage. And so the religious revolution has so begun. fathers-such as Doctors Griffin, Witness the gathering of seven stu- Stuart, Woods, Worcester and Spring dents at Montmartre, in 1534, and the -another illustrious fiVe-were con- Holy Club at Oxford, two centuries sulted, and the result was the institu- later. tion of a "Board of Commissioners for At Yale, Mills met Obookiah, the Foreign Missions," with nine com- waif of Hawaii, who further stimu- missioners, the first meeting being held lated his own yearning to send and at Farmington, Conn., September 5, carry the good tidings to the needy I8lO, with four ministers and one lay- souls abroad. man! But not till 1812 did the Board

resolve to ordain its first five mis- preaching wherever he could get a SlOnanes: Hall, Judson, Newell, hearing.

Nott and Rice. In 1814, he undertook a second Mills, tho the pioneer, was not home missionary trip to New Or- chosen, partly because he gave way to leans via St. Louis. It was at the time Hall, whom he felt better fitted for the of the war with Britain, and he found honor, and partly because his advocacy work in plenty distributing Bibles was so valued at home. But it was a among both British and American sore disappointment to Mills, as to soldiers, and speaking to sick and Moses, to get a glimpse of the land, ~ dying men, but especially scattering but never go over into it. French Testaments among the people..

T!ndoubtedly in this disappointment Again, on return to the East, he urged God's hand is as obvious as in any the Bible societies to new and more other steps. Mills was needed at aggressive activity, and sought to home more than abroad to keep the secure preachers for the needy terri- fires burning and prepare live tories of the West. He acted the part coals for other altars. Prayer, of a home missionary explorer and speech, the contagion of his en- statesman, like Livingstone in the for- thusiasm,-these God used as in case eign fields of Africa. He used his of but few others in all history. He pen as well as voice to put facts into was, in this new crusade,'a new Peter available form, and his reports were the Hermit. models of accuracy and efficacy.

A truly mission-spirited man is Results were seen in a general everywhere and always a missionary. quickening of home missionary zeal Mills) not permitted to go abroad, in the East, as evinced in the or- must find vent for his zeal at ·home, ganization of the. Presbyterian Board "cutting a path through the moral of the Home Missions in 1816, wilderness of the West to the Pacific." and the enlarged efforts of societies He started on horseback, preaching already in existence.

and scattering Bibles en route, and Mills was always founding and or- picking up information, riding through ganizing Bible societies-as in Ohio, New York, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee, daring all sorts of expo- Washington, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illi· sures and privations. He urged suc- nois and Indiana, etc. But when cessfuliy the formation of a Bible soci- thirty such were already existing he ety in New Orleans, to help supply the felt the need of a Natiollal society to appalling destitution of the Word of blend denominations in one; and, in God he found there. Returning 1816, the American Bible Society was through Georgia, he and his compan- the outcome, uniting seven denomina- ion, Schermerhorn, investigated the tions in its support. Thus a young condition of the Indian tribes, within man of thirty-three had become a na- a year traversing nearly every state tional leader in the Christian work of and territory in the Union, swimming his generJ-tion. The spy had returned his horse over swollen creeks, sleep- to report the nakedness of the land, ing on the decks of flatboats and and its promise of opportunity, and,

71 BEACON LIGHTS OF MISSIONARY HISTORY 57

instead of being stoned, he found a channel. When "African colonizaresponsive people to go up and possess tion" plans took shape in 1817, at it. And yet, still the same modest, re- Washington, Mills sped to the capital tiring man, when the day of the or- and gave .his signature to the scheme. ganization came, he was seated in the He threw himself into this plan, gallery behind the audience, the un- and with voice and pen advocated it, recognized leader, his face, however, himself volunteering to visit Africa beaming with the light of accomplished and prospect for a site on the west plans for God and of larger hopes. . coast for the proposed colony.

In 1815, he was set apart for the In November, with Professor Burnllmstry, with five others. Four gess, of the Un~versity of Vermont, he months later all, except Mills, sailed sailed, imprest that he was no,¥ unfor Ceylon. Again the pioneer was dertaking the "most important enterleft at home-to fan the flame. He prise" he had ever engaged in. The was never idle. He went to work now fact that the colonization scheme has in New York City slums, as colporteur never ,succeeded is immaterial. Success and visitor, still scattering. the Word is not God's criterion tho it is man's. of God and sowing the seed of the No man ever met so overwhelming a Gospel. He found the seamen desti- defeat as Noah, whose century of wittute and a Marine Bible Society was ness seems to have won not a single formed. He heard of the needs of convert. Yet he was doing God's South America and made overtures to work and is reckoned among the hego himself. He was prime mover in roes of faith and has a conspicuous methe formation of the "United Foreign morial in that "Hall of Fame" of Old llissionary Society" in 1818, for the Testament saints-the eleventh of Heblending of Presbyterian and kindred brews. churches in work, particularly for the Indians and other needy peoples of the The voyage had well-nigh proved vVestern world. disastrous, but the Electra reached the harbor of St. Malo with masts, sails, His plans for going to the neglected shrouds and anchors gone. At Loncontinent of South America failed, don, Mills and Burgess consulted with and now he turned to another and missionary leaders, liKe the leaders of even darker continent-Africa-in the Church Missionary Society, the whose service his last days were to be Governor of Sierra Leone, and philanspent. He had already been busy over thropists like Wilberforce; and armed problems of education and Bible in· with letters of introduction, they took struction for the blacks in the South, ship again in February, 1818, and where he found not a few who anchored in the river Gambia, six boldly declared that the blacks weeks later.. have no souls. Dr. Samuel Hopkins, of Newport, had for twenty Mills, in his letters, several times or thirty years bee~ urging the hinted that he might "die in Africa," education and commission of Af- and that his bones might take possesricans as missionaries to their own sion of this promised land as a pledge people in the Dark Continent, and had of the final sway of his Master there; turned Mills' mind in the same And it looks as tho some presenti- ment were present to his mind that b

might never return to America. From erra Leone in May after an absence the ·Gambia river they hastened on to of two months, and, after three weeks Sierra Leone in the brig Success. more, embarked for the United States. A fortnight later Mills was attacked Sierra Leone was a favorable spot by fever; shortly consumption develto study the possibilities of an African oped-a disease which showed its colony. One-sixth of the population symptoms before he had left home, were already in schools which would and ,which the exposures of travel had be an ornament to any country; and prepared for a speedy and fatal issue. a revival had been in progress which, On June IS, r8I8, with his hands foldat the end of Johnson's "seven years,"* ed over his breast in prayer, Sambrought almost the whole population uel J. Mills closed his eyes on an Atof Regent's Town into organized lantic sunset; to open them on the forms of industry, morality, and, in Eternal Sunrise. The body of an hefact, a model Christian community. roic man, who had planned and at- tempted great things for God, rests in Encouraged by what they saw and the great deep until the sea gives up heard, Mills and his companion made her dead. a tour of the coast, stopping at the Banana Islands, Sherbro, and various Every narrative carries its own points on the mainland. They were moral deductions. We are content to especially struck with the Bagroo affix to this remarkable life-story no country as a favorable site for the col- "Haec tabula doce!." It bristles with ony, and spent five weeks in exploring lessons, and no thoughtful reader will and palavering. Burgess came down fail to feel their point and pungency. with African fever. They reached Si- URGENT CALLS FROM THE MISSION FIELD BY REV. HOWARD AGNEW JOHNSTON, D. D.t When the Apostle Paul, in his vi- not asking us to go, but to come into sion of Europe's need, heard the men cooperation with them as they do the of Macedonia appealing for help, he very things they ask us to help them immediately realized that God was accomplish in larger measure. Recalling to him, and obeyed. To-day cently a program was headed by the the emphasis must be constant and phrase, "The Church Behind the V01emphatic that our God is calling to unteer." His people from the places of the world's greatest need. Moreover, It is a blessed fact that the Church God is not only calling to-day in the is giving increasing support to the need of these fields, but He is making men on the firing-line, yet we may that call stronger by speaking through fairly use the phrase in another way the lives of His sent ones who are and say the Church is altogether too far behind the volunteer, who is call- • See .. Seven Years in Sierra I,eone," by the writer. Publlsh~ by F. H. Revell. t Doctor Johnston has recently returned from a world tour of evangelism, which has been grtv.t1y blest to the missionaries and the native churches.-nDITORS.

I907] URGENT CALLS FROM THE MISSION FIELD

ing for more vigorous and more loyal in order that ye shall ask whatsoever efforts to enlarge and strengthen the ye will of my Father and it shall be work of the kingdom all along the done unto you." The clear statement line. of our Lord is here given us that I. The Call for a More Victorious His highest thought for the Chris- Praycr Life. Within recent years the tian's fullest and richest growth is distinctive gift of eJOd to mission fields that we shall realize the victorious life has been a revelation of the power of prevailing prayer with God. How and value of vict<;>rious prayer. It is many would have written that? Just sometimes forgotten that the distinct- that is the way of increasing power ive promise of God through the with God and with men. He calls prophet of old was to pour out "the us to this life with a new and inspiring spirit of grace and supplication upon emphasis from mission fields to-day.

all flesh." The particular gift of II. The Call for More Mell. Here grace is to be a :;pirit of prayer in the again the call is made concrete by the lives of His people. Many earnest devoted lives who are already facing missionaries, after years of service, overwhelming demands in the ripe have learned much about prayer in harvest fields of immortal souls who every part of Asia and in central Af- need Christ. One who has been privi- rica. The supreme place of the min- leged to visit these fields and to see istry of intercession has been realized how overburdened the workers are, as never before. God is daily doing and how many open doors call loudly marvelous things in direct answer to for the Gospel" feels a great tug of prayer, and a living expectation from pain at the heart because so few are I-lim energizes the prayer of true faith answering the call, as compared to in many hearts. Cleansed lives are the numbers needed. Lonely and he- coming from the room of prayer, in a roic men and women, thankful for vivid appreciation of the teaching of the privilege of laboring together God's Word that the victory in pray- with God in this divine task of re- er is only possible for the pure heart. deeming a lost world, look out over Therefore, the voluminous teaching the millions who hear no Gospel mes- of God's Word concerning the prayer- sage, and cry, "How long, 0 Lord, life is being made luminous in a spe- how long!"

cial way in these days by God's work What is the explanation of the in His Church in mission lands. Who inadequate response to this clear call will question that the Church in Chris- of God? One need not seek far tian lands is in sore need of this same in order to discover it. On every blessing? If Christians were asked to side the self-seeking spirit dominates, specify their idea as to what is while the self-sacrificing spirit dies.

Christ's highest thought for them, Christ's heart of love is pleading with probably a variety of answers would an indescribable hunger for a re- be given. His statement is in John sponsive love such as Paul knew. Re- IS: 16, "Ye have not chosen me, but cently a prominent church-member I have chosen you and appointed you said to his pastor: "I want to be a that ye should go and bring forth Christian, but I do not want to be the fruit, and that your fruit shot1ld abide, kind that Paul was." Just so ! We

will take the love of Christ with its The cost was sixty yen, or thirty doldivine blessings; but when He asks lars gold. A small sum we would us to love Him in return and prove it think, but to them quite equal to thirty by "feeding His Iambs and His sheep," thousand gold for the average comwe turn a deaf heart to his plea. To- munity at home. The women brought day, as never before, because the needs such moneys as they had, and their are marked by nlOre favorable op- jewelry as well, while some even portunities to meet them, God is caIl- brought one or two of the brass cooking for men and women to enter the ing utensils from their little kitchens, great ripe harvest fields. Who will and bought the lot! Does not joyous go? self-denial like that, revealing a true love for Christ and His Gospel, put III. The Call for a Greater alld us to shame in our selfish complacency More JaYaHS Self-denial. Could our and indifference? comfortable American, who never dreams of making the slightest differ- IV. The Call for More Faithful ence in his Sunday dinner on the day Witnesses for Christ. The last words when the offering for the world-wide of our Lord make it evident that His spread of the Gospel is made by his immediate thought for His Church unchurch, only see the clean little huts der the leadership of His Holy Spirit in which thousands of Christians live was that it should be a witnessing in Asia and Africa, denying them- church. But our record for many selves what we would deem the neces- years compels us to confess that we sities of life in order to have a native are not a witnessing church in any evangelist or Bible-woman maintained adequate sense. The average annual in their village, he would catch a new addition to the Christian Church in VISIOn of that hungering of soul America is 7 per cent. When you which has just learned tha~ there is subtract from .that I1tlmber the chilreally a Bread of life that satisfies dren who came into the Church and saves. through the nurture of the home and the Sunday-school, YOlt have taken ,off Yonder in Korea the missionaries three of the seven. That is, for every at Seoul received a request from a vil- one hundred ministers, officers and lage not far away to establish a numbers in the Church there are ollly preaching station there. The peti- foltr people won to Christ out of the tioners promised to build a chapel if world in a :year! What a record! It their request should be granted. can only mean that thousands of Knowing the real poverty of the vil- Christians whose narnes are on church lage, the mission realized how deep rolls are doing nothing to win any the desire must be for a preacher if one to Christ. such a condition were proposed. The request was granted. While the Last year in Korea no station remen were saving money to build ported fewer than 50 per cent. gain, the chapel, a desirable lot was and some reported a gain of IOO per discovered as available. The women cent. And this represents the active rose up and said they would buy the service of the 'rank and file in the lot. When told it would be impossible, church-membership, not simply the work of the missionaries and leaders. they insisted upon their ability to do it.

URGENT CALLS FROM THE MISSION FIELD

At the great gatherings of Christians not only elevated the people to whom in Korea for instruction by their it was given, but also purified and leaders, they are trained to_ go out strengthened those who were its mes- and be intelligent witnesses for Christ. sengers.

Recently a company of church-mem- One recent instance in Japan is sig- bers stated that they often felt like nificant. Last January a major in the attempting personal work, but they Japanese army united with one of the did not know how; their pastor had Christian churches in Tokyo, and never done anything to train them in made the following statement in sub- this form of Christian service. But stance: He had long ago repUdiated in Korea they are definitely trained Buddhism as unworthy of his re- for this service. At the close of those spect, for he. had seen its fruits. He meetings the people pledge them- had been studying the ethics of Con- selves to give as much time as possi- fucius, a'S being the best of which he ble to go out and witness for Christ knew; but during that time he had in villages where the Gospel is not continued in the life of sin. A friend known. They plan their business so interesJed him in the reading of the as to go for a few days at a time, Gospels. The change wrought in his making a total of several weeks in the life was a constant source of wonder course of a year. And they save the to him. The power of the life and money with which to pay their ex- truth of Jesus had actually changed penses in this blessed service! Hence, the desires of his heart, until he had the difference between 100 per cent. forsaken the life of sin, and had ac- there and 7 per cent. at home! Shall cepted Christ as his Savior.

we be willing to allow this disparity This man had faced death and des- to continue? tiny on the plains of Manchuria, and V. The Inspiring Call to Enthu- had been fighting for Japan. He siasm in Obedience to the Calls Al- knew that military supremacy or com- ready 1'.1entioned in the Blessed mercial prosperity would never solve Fruits Already Reali:::ed. Victory in Japan's problem, for its moral life the progress of a great war is the must be cleansed. Now he knows that irresistible call for needed recruits in Jesus Christ has the solution for order to attain a final and complete Japan's problem, as He has for every triumph. And this is God's call to-day people–a solution which neither III every other summons to His Buddha nor Confucius dmever give.

Church. One does not need to cata- It is just such victories that work the log the trophies of God's grace III progress of the Gospel everywhere.

order to emphasize this call. For in Who can suggest an investment of life every land the story is amazing, in that would bring returns comparable spite of the inadequate force and in- with such blessed results of service as sufficient equipment. It was David this ? Years ago a prophet of God Livingstone who said that the con- heard His call: "Who will go for us, clusive evidence of trye divine origin' and whom shall we send?" May the of Christianity was in the fact that numbers be multiplied of those loyal the Gospel, tho i.t was given to men men and women who will say, each through unworthy human instruments, one: "Here am I: send me l"

MISSIONARY NOTE IN THE WORLD'S SUNDAY-

SCHOOL CONVENTION AT ROME BY REV. J. P. DUNLOP The official letter-head of the The gathering may be said to have World's Fifth Sunday-school Conven- developed its missionary character be- tion bore on its upper left-hand corner fore it opened. For the majority of a miniature map of the two hemi- the American delegates the Conven- spheres with the words "Our Field" tion began two weeks before it above it, and under it the sentence opened. We had Convention all the which has become the watchword of way across the Atlantic aild through the Forward Movement for Missions the Mediterranean on the two Sunday- in more than one American church: school ships Romallic and N eckar.

"It is the business of the whole Church Both ships called at Ponta Dalgada to give the Gospel to the whole world in the Azores and at Gibraltar and Al- as speedily as possible." Few, how- giers; and at Ponta Delgada and Al- ever, who used or saw that letter-head . giers the majority of the delegates or who read on the first page of the had their first contact, on the ground, Convention program, "Theme: The with foreign mission work. For not Sunday-school and the Great Commis- a few that little contact brought for- sion," could have prophesied that the eign missions down out of the clouds Rome Convention would be to the de- for the first time in their lives. They gree that it actually was, a missionary realized the actuality of missions, and convention. At the clDsing meeting their attitude will never again be the one brother gave his experience as skeptical one that is still shamefully follows: "I thoug)1t I was going to common in our churches and Sunday- attend a Sunday-school convention, schools. At Algiers we found a de- but I have not done so. It has been voted band of English women with the greatest missionary convention I some French and native Arab assist- have ever attended." The missionary ants. They kept open house for the note sounded again and again in the Americans and Canadi;ms the two most unexpected places. Dr. Campbell days we were there, and explained Morgan, in his great convention ser- their hard Moslem field and its prob- mon on "Suffer the little children to lems, their difficulties, sorrows, and come unto Me," broke in in an almost joys to all who were interested; and inconsequential way with this strong some who went with no interest what- missionary sentence: "I always feel ever, but simply because the crowd in the hour of great conventions when went, came away from that dingy we are singing our victories, that it is house through the dark, narrow lanes well for some one to remind us of our of the Arab quarter with tears in failures. Jesus said, 'Ye shall be wit- their eyes and a new allegiance in nesses unto Me unto the uttermost part their hearts to Christ's work for the of the earth.' Brethren, we are not world. Nor was it a passing senti- there yet. I thank God that this great mental sympathy. The keen, dead-inconvention has the missionary note at earnest busin~ss men who have been its center." the moving spirits in this Convention

WORLD'S SUNDAY-SCHOOL CONVENTION AT ROME

from long before it started know as twenty-five years past has carwell as old Shakespeare did that ried on a widely scattered work "Spirits are not finely touched but to for the Portuguese in Madeira, the fine issues," and to assure a fine is- Azores, the United States and Portu- gal, came from the last-named coun- try; a Portuguese pastor, Mr. Roddig- nez, was brought on in the N eckar from the Azores. and one of the Eng- lish women, Miss Trotter, from Al- giers ; anel others were present from J ernsalem, from Tarsus, from Bohemia, from Austria, from Egypt. Missionaries from Japan and India, on their way home on furlough, were present. Half a dozen Egyp- tians in red fezzes were a con- spicuous group at all the meet- ings. And there was Principal Cotelingham, of tTarcllaw College, Bellary, India, with a blacker face than Dr. J. E . Shepherd, the princi- ARAB YOUTH IN ALGIERS sue to the sympathy ronsed en route OLD AGE IN ALGIERS they opened a fund for a new work in North Africa, and before the Con- pal negro representative present; and vention closed the announcement was few of the speakers attained to the made that that fund had already standard of pure, strong English or passed the $25,000 mark.

Arriving in Rome we found that the first of all the meetings, bdore the official opening, was a reception given by the principal officers of the Convention to the foreign missionaries present. And I ought to say that most generous plans had been made to secure the attendance of missionaries from all the nearer mission fields. Bishop Hartzell came from Madeira; Rev. H. M. Wright, who, -";ogether with his saintly sisters, for e lectro nic fil e created by cafis.org

of moving spiritual eloquence set by Help me the slaV' of heart to move these two men of color. "Messages By some clear, winning word of love' from the Field" were a feature of all Teach me the wayward feet to stay, ' the general sessions, and there were And guide them in the homeward way. missionary messages from the countries already named and from Sweden, and Miss Havergal's Norway, Russia, Bulgaria, Hungary, South America, Hawaii and Korea. Lord, speak to me that I may speak In living echoes of Thy tone; Mr. Frank L. Brown, of Brooklyn, N. Y., was just returning from a most As Thou hast sought, so let me seek important tour in Japan and the Thy erring children, lost and lone. Philippines where he had helped to organize the work on a substantial Addresses setting forth the modern basis. His message was strong and developments in Sunday-school work hopeful. showed that all these developments-' Cradle Roll, Home Department, Class But the missionary note pealed out Organization and others-are of a in all the addresses and songs and missionary character. One speaker prayers and legislation of the Con- graphically illustrated the missionary vention. spirit of the scholars in an up-to-date Bible class. A member reports in The report of the Committee on Ob- class a new arrival in town or in the ject and Policy, enthusiastically adopt- neighborhood. There is a motion ed, recommended a more formal and that he be admitted as a member. It permanent organization, to be called is seconded and carried. "Who will the World's Sunday-school Associa- go to-morrow and ask him?" Some tion. This legislation provided for the one volunteers, and his name is recontinuance or initiation of movements corded. "Who will go on Tuesday?" to stimulate and develop Sunday- "On Wednesday?" and so on to Satschool work in India, China, Korea, urday. "Who will bring him on Sun- Japan and the Philippine Islands, the day?" A big Texan with a voice Indian work to be supported by the away down under the table says, "I British section of the World's Sunday- will." "If he doesn't come?" Oh, school Association, the China work another seven are appointed for the by the combined British and Amer- next week, and the next, and the next, ican sections, and the enterprise in till he comes, or goes to another Japan, Korea and the Philippines to school, or to another city, or dies. Anbe undertaken by the American sec- other illustration told of a newcomer tion. who responded to an invitation, "Yes, I'm coming. You are the fiftieth man The verses which, of all sung at who has asked me this week." the many sessions en route and at Rome, seemed most truly to express With this spirit coming to the front the heart of the delegates were Wash- in modern Sunday-schools, is it any ington Gladden's wonder that they take kindly to the forward movement for missions when o Master, let me walk with Thee it is fairly presented to them? A Scotch superintendent of a London In lowly paths of service free; Sunday-schoo1, Mr. A. C. Munro, who Tell me Thy secret, help me bear The strain of toil, the fret of care.

introduced. himself with the pleasant missionary movement was the 'Reaphorism, "A Scotchman is never so much at home as when he is abroad," gions Beyond,' why he traversed conrelated how his school in "Poor Peckham," one of the meaner districts of tinents, crossed seas,' entered into London, by the adoption of systematic, perils on perils. While anywhere thorough forward movement methods, had increased their, givings for all there was a human being without the purposes from $384 in 1898 to $2,- 005 in 190(i, the great bulk being for knowledge of Christ, he was in debt."

missions, home and foreign. Their And his conclusion, with the splentotal givings have been $14,856 in the epl.agsnt emigI.hsts.Iyoenasr.s, $11,349 being for for- did missionary verses that 'ought to But the most stirring bugle-call of be printed in every Christian paper all was in Campbell Morgan's remarkable sermon on "The Great Apostle." and church calendar again and again It was a study of Paul's character till the whole Church believes and based on some of t:le incidental anel almost unconscious utterances found acts on them, was as follows: in his letters. Doctor Morgan selected "We can not have this Christ life the following: within us without having clear vi- "Now that I am become a man, I have put away childish things." sion, and without having driving com- "I conferred not with flesh and blood," passion, and without having the dy- "I know how to be abased, and I know also how to abound." namic which makes us mighty. We "I am debtor-I am ready-I am not ashamNI." can not have Christ within us and 'be "I could wish that I myself were anathema fr0111 Christ for my brethren's sake." parochial. He overleaps the boundaries "I resisted him to the face." "I must also see Rome." of parish, society and nation, and His Speaking on the cluster of quota- clear vision takes in the whole world. tions from Romans, first chapter, he said: "I am debtor-the Gospel is a If Christ be in us we shall see with deposit which I hold in trust. I am ready-the G~spel is an equipment, His eyes, feel' with H is heart, be driven so that I am able to discharge my debt. I am not ashamed-the Gospel with His very compassion. is a glory, so that if I come to imperial Rome, sitting on its Seven "'If I have eaten my morsel alone!' I-lills, I shall delight to preach the The patriarch spoke in scorn; Gospel there also. In each case the personal emphasis reveals the sense of What would he think of the Church were responsibility. 'I am debtor'-there he shown you touch the driving power of the Heathendom, huge, forlorn, man's life. You find why he could Godless Christians with soul unfed, not rest, why the very motto of his Vhile the Church's ailment is fulness of bread, Eating her morsel alone?

"'I am debtor alike to the Jew and the Greek,'

The mighty Apostle cried; Traversing continents, souls to seek, For the love of the Crucified. Centuries, centuries since have sped; Millions are famishing-we have bread, But we eat our morsel alone, "Ever of them who have largest dower Shall heaven require the more.

Ours is affluence, knowledge, power, Ocean from shore to shore; And East and Vest in our cars have said, Give us, give us your living bread, Yet we eat our morsel alone, "'Truly as we have received, so give,' lIe bade who hath given us alL How shall the soul in tiS longer live, Deaf to their starving call; For whom the blood of the Lord was shed, And His body broken to give them Bread, ,If we eat our morsel alone?"

HEADQUARTERS OF THE CHRISTIAN ~ELIGION"

TWENTY.roURTH SESSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION "Where can, I find the headquarters estant Episcopal Church at Ogontz, of the Christian religion?" asked a Pa. Also Rev. William P. Swartz, of Japanese soldier on returning to the First Presbyterian Church of Tokyo from the front of battle, where Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and Rev. J.

he had received a New Testament and Sumner Stone, M.D., of New York learned something of Christ. The re- City, both of whom were formerly en- ply was: "The headquarters of the gaged in missionary service in India.

Christian religion are in heaven, not It is quite impossible to reproduce down here, but there are Christian the feast of good things which; for churches in Tokyo and missionaries a whole week, were served by repre- and other Christian workers who will sentatives from every quarter of the gladly tell you of the things of Christ." globe. Noone could hear the reports Anyone looking in on the more than of these representatives of various a hundred missionaries who were sections of the country without reali- gathered at Clifton Springs recently zing that the missionary enterprise is might have supposed that this was gaining momentum in every direction.

none other than the "headquarters of / Three times a day services were the Christian religion." For had they held, always with good audiences.

not gathered from every quarter of The spiritual influence of such a gath- the globe of various nations and de- ering can not be reported, but it was nominations? Nowhere else in the a delightful opportunity for many world, it is safe to say, is it possible who have been isolated to meet and to gain such a panoramic view of compare experiences with others en- the progress of the Kingdom of gaged in the same work.

Christ throughout all the earth. The missionaries introduced them- On the opening evening, the Worlel selves as was their usual custom. One Survey was given by the vice-presi- hundred and ten of these were re- dent, Mr. David McConaughy. Doc- ported. Those present rep.resented tor Gracey, who has been president thirteen countries: Africa, Assam, from the first, is now in the evening Burma, Bulgaria, Ceylon, all parts of of his life, anel his whole heart is China anel India, Japan, Malaysia, wrapt up in this organization, with Philippine Islands. Siam, Turkey, ami its many ties, extending to all quarters Persia.

of the globe. Among others who took The Memorial Service im active part in the management on At the Memorial service, brief trib- this year's committee is Rt. Rev. C. C. utes were given to nineteen members Penick, D.D., formerly Bishop of the on the roll of the Union, who have Protestant Episcopal Church in Af- passed to join the Church Triumph- rica, and Rev. J. Thompso~ Cole, who, ant during the past year.

after a term of missionary service in Among these were women like Miss Japan, became Secretary of the Isabella Nassau, who taught the girls Church Missionary Society in Amer- in Corisco, West Africa, itinerated in ica, and is now Rector of the Prot- the Owega Country with her crew of boys in the Evangeiilie, and who was of Turkey, told of preparatory work famous for having spent many years among the Moslems. Mrs. Abbey, of in training young men for the min- China, spoke of preparatory work istry in that country. Lucy Guinness done among Moslems in China where Kumm, a daughter of Dr. H. Grattan it has been found for centuries past.

Guinness, of London, was found by Rev. Dr. Bliss, late of the Palestine Doctor Kumm as a missionary far up Exploration Fund, gave an account the Nile. At the time of her death of the work among the Mohammedans she was writing a book on the Sudan. at the Syrian Protestant College at Rev. G. L. Whiting was in the Siege Beirut, of which his father, Dr. Daniel of Peking, and Miss Isabella Watson miss, was founder.

had been for thirty-nine years con- The Woman's Meeting nected with Karen Mission in Burma, where hundred of girls had come un- The Woman's meeting held on der her training. Mrs. Gamewell was Friday afternoon and presided over the first missionary setit by the Meth- by Mrs. J. T. Gracey was crowded odist Woman's Foreign Missionary with good things. The women who Society to China. took part represented the Southern Baptist Church, the Methodist Episco- It is needless to speak of John Gib- pal Church, Baptist Missionary Union, son Paton, "Apostle of the New Heb- Congregational, China Inland and rides," who was a member of the Presbyterian Mission Boards. Miss Union. When Doctor Pease died he Holland, an English missionary for was laboring on the translation of the eighteen years in Japan, self-support- Bible into the language of the Gilbert ing all these years, told of her work Islands. Time would fail us to tell among the factory girls-an independof all who went Home during the past ent work which was of great interest. year. They represented a combined She had prepared a literature for service of over four hundred years on these girls, also for the children. the foreign field. There is a custom of presenting at The Moslem World the Union each year all women who There were representatives present have been in .foreign service over who had been at the Moslem Confer- twenty-five years. This year there ence. Some had come from the Philip- were twelve who had spent some pines, – while others were assembled thirty, forty, and one who had been in from India and more distant parts of service fifty years.

Asia and different parts of Africa. "The Opportunity and Responsibil- The next assembly of this sort is set ity of Work by Women for Women in down for Lucknow, India, where the the Speedy Evangelization of the gathering may be !1trger, tho it will World" was the topic for the afternoon scarcely be more ecumenical than that session, and talks were given by. Miss of Egypt. Carrie E. Bostick and Miss Agnes Parts of the Moslem world were Gibson, of China; Miss l M. Holland considered at Clifton Springs by Rev. and Mrs. F. S. Bronson, of Japan; Mr. Valentine, of the Philippines, and Mrs. A. S. Kugler, M.D., and Miss Mr. Chandler, of India. Miss Webb, Clap M. Organ, of India; Mrs. J. S.

Stone, who has just returned from the China India Jubilee; .Miss Eva C. Stark, of Burma; Miss Emily C. Wheeler, of In considering China there were Turkey; and Dr. H. C. Stuntz, of the those present who had had large ex- Dhilippines. perience in educational schemes in that country. All were more or less Africa. Korea and Other Countries occupied also with the great changes which were taking place in that land. Bishop Penick, of the Protestant Episcopal Church, presided over sev- While the Union was in session, eral sessions, and was an important those present received leti:ers which factor in the Board of Control. The showed the "Duke" had come from Rev. Clinton C. Boone, of the Amer- his home to Peking to have imperial ican Baptist Missionary union, for six audience with regard to the Memorial years stationed on the Kongo, repre- University with which he is to be consented that part of Africa. The Phil- nected, and which is to be established ippines were spoken of by Rev. Mr. at the birthplace of Confucius. He Underwood, Rev. Homer C. Stt)l1tz, was received in state and carried into and Rev. G. A. Miller. Rev. Mr. the "Forbidden City" in a yellow chair Walkup, of Micronesia, where h~ was in which none but the emperor has formerly commander of The Hiram been allowed to ride. He said recently Bingham, told, among other things, of "in audience" that if the university the Pacific and its future. was to hold its own, modern learning must be taught and modern methods Korea and Japan were taken up and must be used. He had petitioned that he testimony borne to the revival in the be allowed to go to foreign countries little "buffer" state which is bei:"::; per- like Japan, England and America to secuted by the Japanese. Rev. Dr. enter upon a study of the plans Stone, a visiting missionary, in a adopted regarding education. round-the-'world trip which .c had recently completed, said that he was Most missionaries do not look for imprest during his stay in Korea with the speedy conversion of the Empire this tyranny, as it seemed to him, of as a whole. "China for the Chinese" the Koreans exercised by the Jap- does not mean what many persons anese. Doctor Stuntz in his several seem to think, one religion for all the addresses "depicted most vividly the country, for such would mean the conoppressions and priYations of the vers·ion of Moslems as well as others, people of the Islands under Spanish rule, the present eagerness for Bible and their idea of the "family" is opinstruction, and our peculiar respon- posed to Chinese ideas. sibility in view of the 'dead-ripeness' of the field for evangelistic fruits." The needs of the work 1!1 China were outlined by Miss Carrie E. Rev. G. A. Miller, formerly pastor at Bostick and Mrs. R. E. Abbey. Short talks were also giyen by Mrs. A. Dous- Manila, confirmed his statements, and added to the information regarding ley, Miss Agne~'Gibs~n, Mrs. J. Jerethe situation in those islands. . miassen, Rev. E. G. Tewksbury, and others who have recently returned from the field. All agreed that one of

HEADQUARTERS OF THE CHRISTIAN

the chief hindrances to China's evan- its own representative in Peking; the gelization is the lack of workers. University of Pennsylvania in Can- ton; while Oberlin College continues The Force its work in Shansi as for a score of years past. One of the most enthusiastic mo- ments at the gathering was when Miss One of the missionaries recalled Bostick, of the Southern Baptist Con- from Changechitung some years ago vention, told of a leading lawyer who sent a telegram directing that the pledged himself for $50,000, pay- houses which had been erected for able in yearly instalments through hospital work in Nodoa, on the island ten years for foreign miSSions, of Hainan, should be razed to the which was responded to by oth- ground. Within the past year he has er members when they came to un- written a book on Christianity which derstand the proposition, who gave reveals a most sympathetic attitude. amounts ranging from $2,000 a year to $600 (the amount necessary to sup- David McConaughy presided at the port one missionary), and this for ten farewell service in the evening when years. The total amount in ten or the thirty-four outgoing missionaries fifteen minutes aggregated $136,000. were seated on the platform. A few words regarding their fields were Speaking of the independence of the spoken by each, and the farewell ad- Japanese churches, Mr. Sanford, of dress given by Mrs. Foster. This the American Board, declares, "It was closed the twenty-fourth annual gatha triumph to lose them." He predicts ering of the Union, during which over that within twenty-five years there one hundred and twenty-five missionwill be no more need of missionaries aries from all parts of the world were being sent from the West to that land. entertained. With increasing independence, the spirit of evangelization is likewise The officers of the International growing. Even Admiral,Togo could Missionary Union for next year are: not have been given a greater ovation J: T. Gracey, president; David Mcthan was accorded General Booth on his recent visit, a:;; many as 30,000 Conaughy, vice-president; Mrs. H. J. Japanese waiting at the railway station to welcome the Salvation Army Bostwick, corresponding secretary; leader. J. Sumner Stone, M.D., secretary; C P. W. Merritt, M.D., treasurer; Mrs. In Burmah, where Judson labored C. P. W. Merritt, librarian. for seven years before winning his first convert, last year there were no The next session of the International fewer than 7,000 baptized. Among Missionary Union in June, 1908, will the tribes of that country, where six be the twenty-fifth meeting· of that years ago there was not a Christian, organization, and it is proposed to obnow there are 5,000. serve it as an anniversary. The Union was formed under a constitu- In China the American college men tion at Niagara Falls, Canada, and are having no small part in the regen- from the beginning has been internaeration of that old Empire, Yale seek- tional and pan-denominational within ing to reproduce itself in the Hunan evangelical lines. None but missionprovince; Princeton standing behind aries are eligible to take part in dis- cussions except by invitation.

BRAHMAN HIGH PRIEST AND HIS .. SCHOOL

THE PROPHETS"

BY REV. J.COn CHAMBERLAIN, M.D., LL.D. Author of II The Tiger Jungle," "The Cobra's Den," Etc.

All through the country we mission- the walled town of Chintamanipet.

aries go, presenting Jesus Christ as Ve had been told that on an eminence the "Light of the World"; as the only in the northern part of the city was a Savior from sin, who can and will save famous school for training young all mankind if they will only accept Brahmans as priests, with a noted Him as their Savior. We meet with Brahman high priest at its head.

varied receptions and have to present Pitching our camp in the morning, the truth in different ways to different we had remained through the heat of audiences of different grades of intel- that August day in our tent under the ligence and diverse attitudes of mind. grateful mango shade, and when the We endeavor never to abuse their sun began to approach the western gods nor needlessly to attack their sys- horizon we, with our native assist- tems, as an angry man will not listen ants, went through the gates to the to, nor take in the truth. We seek to market-place in the cel1ter of the city, present with courtesy and kindness and taking our position on the wide and love a higher truth than any they stone steps on its north side, we to- have, satisfied that if that truth finds gether sang a rallying Gospel song to an entrance their system will go. If one of their favorite old Telugu tunes.

specious objections are brought for- Reading from the Word of God, we ward, we sometimes have to turn aside began to preach to the large throng and answer those before they will lis- that had assemqled, on God, and man, ten to the truth. and sin, and redemption.

Occasionally we are received with The audience were listening atten- real courtesy, but more often we are tively as we were speaking of the na- treated at first with scorn-and some- ture of sin, and how it could be gotten times with real abuse. Weare obliged rid of, when down the street leading to vary the weapons we use according from the Acropolis, on which stood to such utilized by those who attack the "school of the prophets," we saw us, always having at hand, however, approaching a venerable Brahman the whole panoply of God to draw priest in his robes, surrounded by upon as needed; for the missionary in some thirty young Brahmans who a close place does often reverently seemed to be his disciples.

recognize the fulfilment of the Savior's Slowly approaching us through the promise in Mark 13: I I: "For it is crowd who made way for him with his not ye that speak but the Holy Spirit." disciples, he came up to within a little Two of us missionaries were on a distance of the market steps upon preaching tour in the Telugu country, which we were standing, and making and had gone into a native state in a snort of utter scorn, which the Brah- that part where missionaries had man knows how to do with emphasis, then never before preached, and had he addrest us : "Yes, talk to us about pitched our tents under a mango grove, sin do you, you old beef-eaters, you just outside of the chief city gate of revilers of our gods?"

1907J THE BRAHMAN HIGH

"We have not been reviling your the character of th~ act. The sin is gods, my venerable friend," replied the same; it can only be intensified if one of the missionaries. "Ask these one takes such life for his own bene- people who have been listing to us. fit or convenience, or to save him But we have been courteously talking trouble."

about the matter that is of the highest "My venerable friend! You know import on earth or in heaven to every not into what a position this puts you.

man that lives, and we desire to go on If this be true, and you wish to avoid and speak further of that matter heinous sin, you have but one thing which concerns you and your disciples to do. You must very cautiously and as well as those "that were listing. circumspectly pick your way home and But since you have interrupted us we spread down your mat and lie down will, before resuming, ask you a few on it and expire, for you can not live questions. another day without committing mor- "You charge us with being beef- tal sin-yes, multitudes of such sins."

eaters as the most heinous of sins. "Why, how it that?" said he, quite Now will you very kindly tell us in startled.

exactly what the heinousness of that "I will tell you. It is now approach- consists? Is it in the taking away ing sunset. As you turn to go back from a creature the principal of life, to your abode the sunset-ants will be with which it has been endowed by the running in myriads over the streets as Creator?-for while we are not our- is their wont for their evening meal; selves in the habit of killing and eat- and, walk as carefully as you may, you ing beef, we acknowledge that most will step upon some of them and crush English people m India do so and we them. When you reach your home should like to know just in what the your wife will spread down your di- essence of the sin consists. Is it in the ning-mat upon the floor and place your depriving a living being of the princi- evening meal upon it, and you will sit pal of life with which it has been en- down to eat, and in doing so you will dowed by its Creator?" inevitably crush some of the many in- "Yes, that is just it; you Europeans sects which unseen by your wife were take life and eat the dead animal just upon the floor when she spread the to satisfy your own appetite." mat down. But, far worse than that, "I understand," said the missionary, in cooking that delicious pot of rice "the real sin consists in depriving a and curry, your wife had used many living creature of life. Now does it dried bratties. Now, as we all know, make any difference how large or how bratties are made from rice husks small that animal is? Is the s,in any coarsely mixed with cow dung and more heinous if one kills an elephant stuck up on the wall in the sun to than if he kills a calf?" dry. Into their interstices multitudes "N0, not at all; the act is the same." of small insects crawl to avoid the heat "You are sure, are you, that the sin of the sun, and remain in their hiding- is the same whatever be the size of the places when the bratties are dried.

living thing? I wish to be clear on Your wife took those dried bratties to that point." boil your rice and thus your evening "Yes, there can be no difference in meal was cooked by a holocaust of

living beings, which were sacrificed for "I admit," said the old Brahman, the delectation of your palate. Your after standing thinking for a time, wife brings to you your little brass "that you have brought forward matwater-pot for you to quench your ter for which I was not prepared. I thirst. In each drop of water are mul- must have time to look up the Vedas, titudes of infinitesimal living beings, but I will meet you here again to-moranimalcules. row at the same hour and then I am sure I can demolish you." "If you will bring a sample of your choicest drinking water to our tent to- "Very well," ~aid the missionary, morrow at midday when the sun is "we will gladly waive that matter for bright, we will show you with our the present. When you came we were magnifying lens, or microscope, hosts talking about sin and how to get rid of these infirtitesimal living beings, of it, and that, you will admit, is the these amimalcules, in each drop of most important question that can enwater. When you take that water into gage the attention of mortal man; and your stomach to quench your thirst now, my venerable friend, let us rethe gastric juice kills myriads of those sume its consideration and see if we animalcules, so that your stomach be- can not together in a kindly spirit find comes a veritable cemetery. some light upon the matter. I am going to ask you as I have asked many "You finish your supper and spread of your venerable men, what is the out your kora grass mat for the night, real meaning of the Sanskrit sl6ka and· as you lie down you crush some that you Brahmans devoutly chant as more small insects that have been un- you go to the river for your daily abluder it unperceived, and during the tions? What you chant is this, is it night each time that, in your dreams, not? (and the missionary chanted in you roll over you crush still more. No, the rich sanskrit) : my friend, you can not live another day without destroying the principal "Pap6ham papakarmaham. papatma papa of life in some living creatures, and sambhavaha, you say that it makes no difference what the size or character of the living Trahimam krupaya deva, sharana gata creature, the taking away of its life is vatsala. murder. The only thing then for you to do, if you wish to avoid what you "Is not its real meaning this (speakhave declared to be mortal sin, my ing in Telugu): 'I am a sinner; my venerable friend, is to have these, actions are sinful; my soul is .sinful; your disciples, go before you to your all that pertains to me is polluted with home, very carefully sweeping a path sin. Do thou, 0 God that hast mercy before you all the way, and spread on those who seek thy refuge, do thou down your mat and expire. I am tell- take away my sins.' " ing you what all learned men know to be true." "Yes, that is it," said he, with very evident respect for one who could cor- The venerable priest fairly gasped rectly chant the holy texts; and his as this picture was completed and his disciples looked at one another and group of rlisciples looked at each other smiled approval. with deep concern. "Now," said the missionary, "we are agreed on that point that we are all of us sinful and that we can not

BRAHMAN HIGH

of Ollr own selves get rid of our sins, could not be regarded as a white man's but must have God's help. The next religion. He was born in a land mid- great question is how to obtain that way between here and England, in help. Your own beloved poet Vemana Asia, your own continent; so that He says (intoning it in Telugu) : was more akin to you than to us."

"Tis not by roaming deserts wild nor gazing And then the missionary went on to at the sky; tell of that wonderful virgin birth, foretold by God's prophets hundreds of Tis not by bathing in the stream nor pil- years before, and for whose coming grimage to shrine; But thine own heart must thou make pure, God had prepared a people by centur- and then and then alone ies of discipline. He told of the won- Shalt tholl see Him no eye hath kenned, derful life and works and words of Jesus Christ while here upon earth- shalt tholl behold thy King.

"Now, how can our hearts be made of His deeds of love and mercy, of His so pure so that we can indeed see God? giving sight to the blind, causing the That secret has been revealed by the deaf to hear, healing the sick, raising one Great God in the Holy Bible, the the dead, and yet how He was rejected true Veda, and my ancestors have by those He had come to save; and learned it; shall I tell it to you?" how He was crucified and how He was .11 were now attentive while the buried, and how, on the morning of the missionary went on to tell them the third day, He rose again from the story of stories, the story of redeem- grav:e by His own divine power, and mg love, He told them that sin was how the soldier guard that were not, as so many regarded it, simply around the grave were so terrified that the violation of the ceremonial law, they fell to the ground as dead men, but that sin was any disobedience of and how He appeared to His disciples that only one true God who had cre- and they saw the wound-scars and ated, preserves, and blesses us, and knew for a certainty that it was indeed who alone is entitled to our perfect their Jesus risen from the dead; and obedience. He told them how, when how, after being with them for forty men had fallen into sin and lost all days, teaching them,.He took them tip harmony with God and had become on to a hill and after giving them His His enemies, that God of love deter- last command, "Go ye into all the mined Himself to save them; how world and preach this good news to God sent His own son into this world every creature," He had ascended as a divine Guru, a divine Savior, again to heaven and that He ever lives for our sins; and, opening one of the there at the right hand of God the Gospels in his hands, he read out Father to make intercession for all distinctly in the melodious Telugu: who believe in Him; and how, at the "For God so loved the world that he last day, all nations of all the earth gave his only begotten son, that who- will be gathered before Him for the soever believeth in him should not final judgment and He will separate perish but have everlasting life." the good from the bad and will take "That only begotten son of God," con- all who, in this life, have believed in tinued the missionary, "was not born Him and cried to Him for salvation in England or America, so that this from sin, and accepted Him as their

Savior-will take all such to dwell Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit with Him in heaven in eternal felicity. -three persons in one Godhead."

During this recital there was ab- "Can you explain how that is?" said sorbed silence and at its close the mis- the old priest. sionary said: "No, my friend, I frankly tell you "This, venerable friend and all who that is a 'mystery' that no human behear me, is the Christian religion ing can fully comprehend." which my people beyond the sea have received and believed; and because "How then can you believe it if you they believe it and want you to know can not understand it?" the glad tidings and share the same salvation, and in obedience to their "Because God Himself has taught Savior's last command to go into all it in the True Veda, the Holy Bible, the world and tell the news to every- which He has revealed to us. We can body, they have sent us here to tell not understand all about God. If we this best news that mortal ear has could we would dcem ourselves His heard to all you people that you, too, equals. We must take many things may be able by His help to get rid of by faith and believe them simply besin and gain heaven. It was not to cause God says so, even tho we 'can revile your gods that we came, but to not, with our finite minds, understand give you the cap-sheaf of the highest them fully. aspirations of your Vedas, your seers, your poets, who have longed to know "You, too, believe many things that of a surety how to be able to get rid you do not understand. You take a of sin, but to whom it was not then re- dry mango seed; you put it in the vealed. Do you wonder that, having ground and pour water upon it; you this good news, we were anxious to tell believe that pretty soon a tiny shoot it to you?" will appear, that it will grow up into a tree, that the tree will blossom, that The old priest was evidently much small fruits will appear, that they will touched, and so were his disciples, and grow and ripen, and that you will have continued quiet and thoughtful for delicious mangoes to eat, like the one some time. At length he spoke: whose seed you have planted. But do you understand how all this is "Sir," said he, "you read from your brought about ?-how it is that the Veda that God has sent His son into mango seed and the common earth the world that all who believe in Him with ordinary water poured upon it might be saved. Are there then two and sunshine will make that fine tree Gods, the Father and the Son? We and that delicious fruit? Do you unhave three: Brahma the creator, Vish- derstand how it is that when your nu the preserver, and Siva the de- mind feels angry or mortified your stroyer. You, it would seem, believe face becomes red and burns as yours in two. Am I right in this?" did a few minutes ago when we were talking about your going home and "N0, my friend, there is but one spreading out your mat and expiring? God, who has revealed Himself to us in the true Veda which He has given "There are myriads of mysteries all us; but He has revealed Himself as about us that no man can understand. one God in three persons: God the It is enough for us to know that God says so; especially when He teaches

THE BRAHMAN HIGH

us about Himself, and about the way body was indoors, at their meals, the to get rid of sin and come into har- missionaries noticed, as they looked mony with Himself. through the meshes of the tattie, or hanging screen at the door of their "Your great concern and mine tent, a well-dressed man cautiously should be, how we can get rid of sin picking his wayan the ridges of the and get into harmony with God, so rice-field. Approaching the tent and that we shall be prepared to dwell with coming to the tattie and pausing, a Him forever. God has told us all this courteous voice, which seemed to in His Holy Word. Would you like sound familiar, asked, "Sir, may I to take some of these Gospels, which come in?" "Certainly." Raising the contain the life and teachings of Jesus tattie and stepping in, the venerable Christ, home with you and read them high priest of the previous evening apcarefully and think them over and see peared, but without his priestly garb, if they do n6t give more soul-satisfy- and looking cautiously about asked, ing news than anything you have ever "May I close this tent curtain?" "Cerheard before?" ta,inly."

Other objections had been thrown "Is there anyone within hearing?" in and searching questions asked us, "No; our people have all gone to their as: "Your religion may be good for midday meal." His whole bearing you, and ours for us," "Does not Fate at once changed to one of frank friendor Destiny, after all, control all things, liness, as he said: so that a man is not responsible for his actions, and God can not justly "Sir, I promised to meet you at the punish us for what we do?" and the market-place again this evening, for like; to each of which the missionary further discussion. But I have been had been able, with the promised aid, thinking it over since, and I have read to render such answer as had silenced those little books you let me have. the opponents, but which space does I am not going to meet you there. Our not allow to be detailed here and which system can not stand the light that you consumed the time until darkness was are letting in upon it. Some things coming on, when the missionary said, you said last evening can not be an- "But it is getting late and you have swered. I made the best show I could proposed that we meet here again to- at answering them there, for I was morrow and talk some more about surrounded by my disciples and had this most important of all themes. Ve to appear to be holding my own. will bid you good-night now." "But, sir, I am not going to meet The venerable high priest accepted you in discussion in public again. one each of the Gospels and, bidding Your system seems so pure, so holy, us an unexpectedly courtc)Us good so good; it so appeals to the best there evening, withdrew with his disciples; is in man. It so satisfies the soul's we, bidding good-by to the large audi- highest desires that it seems as tho it ence, turned back to our tents, promis- must be, as you say it is, a revelation ing to be there at the same time the from a God of purity and love, who next day to tell them some more about really seeks the highest happiness and this "good news." good of us sinful men. It does seem as tho through that God-man Jesus The next day at midday when every-

Christ, about whose birth, life, words, and press upon him the acceptance at'-d works I have been reading all of that Jesus Christ as his personal night, we sinful men might find hope, Savior! and pardon, and peace, and, as you say, eternal life. He listened reverently, but as he finally took his leave he said, "It does "But, sir, we Brahmans can not seem good, sirs, and as tho it must be afford to let you succeed in introducing true; but sirs, as I before said, I can your system here in India. Just look not bring myself to give up the posiat the plight in which it would leave tion I hold as high priest of all this us. Now we are looked up to as demi- region and as the preceptor of this gods and worshiped by all the people. school of young Brahmans. But I ~m We reap the rich revenues of all the going to teach them the morality of temple endowment lands. At every these books and to admire and pattern birth, marriage, and death, at every after the character of the Jesus Christ family ceremonial we receive rich fees of whom they tell such winning stories. and presents. We live on the fat of the land. "But I must go back to my school, for I do not want anyone to know "But let your religion prevail, which that I have been to see you; that is why I left off my priestly robes, and of teaches that we are all children one came around from the north gate through the rice-fields to your tent at God, and all equal in His sight, and we midday when no one would be likely Brahmans fall from our high pedestal to see me." and will have to mingle with the ignoble throng and struggle with them for We never saw him again, for the our existence. No, sir, good as your next touring season we took a very system is, and I admit that it really long journey in another direction, anxseems far better than ours, we Brah- ious to sow the Gospel seed "beside all mans can not let you succeed in intro- waters," and our work developing ducing it; we must fight you!" and greatly in another direction we were this he said with seemingly real sad- not able again to visit that region. ness. No word has ever come from that "But, sir," he went on, "the charac- Brahman high priest; but it may be ter of Jesus Christ so appeals to me; that he, too, has accepted Jesus Christ the system of morality in these books as his personal Savior, and that we is so high and noble that I must have may meet him, too, in glory, saved these books to teach their precepts to by faith in Jesus Christ. my disciples. You said last night that you would sell them to anyone who What an incentive this giVes us for wanted them. I have brought the prayer that the many throughout Inmoney to purchase one for each of my dia, who have thus heard of Jesus disciples. You will let me have them, Christ and been drawn toward Him, will you not, even if I can not join may have grace given them to accept your religion ?" of Him at no matter what personal sacrifice to themselves! And in this How gladly did we furnish him with we are encouraged by God's own those copies of the "Word of Life!" promise that "my word shall not re- How earnestly did we again talk with ttlrn unto me void." him of Jesus Christ and his salvation

ANTI-CHRISTIAN CRUSADE IN

BY JAMES SIBREE, ANTANANARIVO, MADAGASCAR The policy of the French gov- wegian Lutherans and to the Angliernment in completely secularizing can Mission, and since the French education m France has reached occupation the Paris society has us here, and was made known in taken quite half the work 111 Imerina and among the Betsileo an arrete of the governor-general people. Large numbers of the most. intelligent government native offiof the 23d of last November, in cials owe all their education to miswhich it was announced that with- sion schools. It might have been in two months from that date no supposed therefore that some conmore educational work could be sideration would have been shown carried on in churches; that no re- to those societies to which the counligious society would henceforth be try owes so much. But, as already recognized as having anything to pointed out, no request made has do with education; and all applica- been granted. In this point the tions for permission to carryon present governor-general's action is schools must be made by the in strong contrast with that of the teachers. The injustice of this new late governor-general, Gallieni, who, law lay in the fact that in the ma- altho he was at first prejudiced jority of cases the village church it- against all mission work, soon found self is also the schoolhouse, and that out the value of their educational in two months it was impossible to labors, and was just and generous erect buildings, especially as the enough to acknowledge it frequent- ly and in the fullest way. arrete was issued in the middle of There is no doubt that a very sethe rainy season when all building rious blow has been struck at misoperations are stopt for several sion work through the closing of months. So potent was the unfair- hundreds of schools. The day~ ness of this order that the educa- school is the nursery-ground of the tional authorities requested an ex- church, and in numbers of intension of six months' time, but this stances the school-teacher is pracwas peremptorily refused, as well tically leader of the congregation; as a similar request made by the and from the school we look for Paris society. the Christians of the future. The late actions of the governor-general It may be observed here that ed- is all the more unjust, because the ucational work in this country was number of official schools is far becommenced by the London Mission- low what would be required if all ary Society, and for several years the children had to attend them; for the chief work of enlightening the probably there would not be accom- Malagasy in Imerina was done by modation for a tenth of those who that society; the Friends' Society have been learning in mission also took up the work and have car- schools. So that a system of eduried it on vigorously in the western portion of the central province, while other provinces have owed all their schools to the labors of the Nor-

cation, not perfect, it is true, but yet forbidden to take part in any public fairly.meeting the needs of the peo- religious services, as preachers or ple, has been wantonly destroyed Sunday-school teachers, or to act as without there being anything at all pastors or deacons. More recently, adequate provided to take its place. altho no arrete has been issued The consequence is that a very to that effect, yet these officials large proportion of mission schools have 'been made to understand that have been broken up, and we can they should not, if they wish to hear of no further provision being please the government, even atmade to supply official schools. In tend any religious service. This numbers of cases, where these seems a strange comment on schools have existed not- far from a "Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite." mission school, the people far rather send their children to the latter and In many other ways this deterpay fees than allow them to go mination to obstruct religious to' the official school, where they teaching is evident. Under the old can have no religious teaching or Malagasy regime, we were able to influence. preach in the open air, near the great markets, ancI thus bring the All that h~s been done so far Gospel to those who will not go is in accordance with the general into our churches to hear it; but policy of the government here; they this is forbidden by the French cIo not want the people, as a whole, laws. None the less is it an offense to be educated, ancI they say this against the law to have any religious plainly. Notwithstanding high-sound- meeting in private houses, and many ing phrases 'as to the "mission of people have been heavily fined and France" to civilize, etc., they only imprisoned for having a few of their want a comparatively small num- neighbors in their homes to join with ber of young men educated-enough them in worshiping God. So that to be clerks, etc., in their bureaus our evangelists are now quite unand to act as petty governors and able to hold little cottage meetings, which many of them used to have officia:Is. The mass of n e people in their villages for evening wor- ship at various houses. No actual they' (and the French colonists also) law has been issued that people can only want in a servile capacity, to not have worship with their famwork their concessions at as small ilies, but in some places the French a remuneration as is possible to give. officials have let the people know At present, the prospect before us that they do not approve even of is that many thousands of children this; some have even threatened to have no school whatever where they punish women whom they heard can be taught. Since the arrival of singing hymns in their houses; the present governor-general, M. others again have said that they will Augagneur, the anti-missionary not allow worship in the churches feeling has become more pro- except on Sunday. nounced and actively aggressive. For a long time past, all Malagasy In some districts it is impossible in government employment, as to get leave to build any church clerks, interpreters, etc., have been

1907J THE ANTI-CHR1STIAN CRUSADE IN MADAGASCAR

where none already exists; and the strictly forbidden in official schools, governor-general has intimated that but for some little time past the he considers that there are far too teachers of these schools have been many churches already built; and ordered to bring their scholars to the it is increasingly difficult to get school building on the Sunday and permission to rebuild a church, even give them lectures on some secular where it is falling into ruins. The subject; and to teach them that there educational authorities have said is no God, that the Bible is a fable, plainly to missionaries that the mis- that there was no such person as .sions are "very harmful" to the Mala- Jesus Christ, and that all religion is gasy. "Why do missionaries want mere superstition. In some cases to stop the old customs of the peo-. young men have given up their posi- pie? Idolatry was good enough for tions rather than do this; while many, them; let them worship their idols. we fear, while disliking and disbe- There is no harm in polygamy: it lieving it all, yet are afraid to follow will increase the population." It is out their convictions and make the sac- no wonder, therefore, that in many rifice it would involve. In some dis- places where the people are still tricts large posters have been fixt in ignorant, there is a great revival of public places, giving extracts from the old superstitions, trust in charms speeches – in the French Parliament, and divination, observance of lucky saying that God and heaven have been and unlucky days, etc. Even the abolished, and Jesus Christ erased killing of children in the unlucky from the thinking of all sensible peo- month M akoosy has been revived, ple. It need hardly be added that and several instances of this are well persistent efforts are being made by known to have occurred very lately; the "Sports' Club" of Antananarivo but in no one instance can we ascer- to make the Sunday a mere day of tain that the perpetrators of these amusement; and horse-racing, games child-murders have been punished for and sports of all kinds are continually their cruelty. So also at the birth of organized to draw away the people twins, which among certain families from religious services. And in the is considered very ominous of evil, country tbe officials do all they can to perfectly healthy children have mys- revive the old native dances, songs teriously died without any apparent and follies on the Lord's Day.

cause; but no inquiry has been made. It will be seen from the foregoing And when the state of morals among . that religion is passing through an- most foreigners, from the highest to other time of opposition, approaching the lowest, is remembered, it may be in many places, and to certain classes, imagined how more and more diffi- to real persecution. The Malagasy cult it becomes for Christian Malagasy Church needs much the sympathy and to preserve the purity of girls and prayers of its fellow Christians. It women. It is not surprizing that mis- may be said, however, that these ef- sion work in this direction is regard- forts of the enemy of all good have, ed with dislike and hatred. we believe, stirred up many of our Not only is all religious teaching people to increased earnestness and

zeal. N ever were congregations in plating extending their work in a the city and in many of the more im- purely heathen district, but the govportant villages larger than during ernor-general absolutely refuses to the past few months; and it seems as allow any church to be built, unless if they were determined to show that a European missionary lives there. nothing shall prevent them from holding fast the Gospel which they have The Lutheran Mission has just rereceived. It is seventy years ago, this ceived information from Fort Dauphin very year, since the first Malagasy that the administrator there has just martyr suffered death for her love to closed all the chapels in that district, Christ. What a wonderful change which is worked by the American has come over Madagascar since that Lutheran Society-a piece of arbitrary time! When we remember how God injustice and persecution which it is has gt!arded and extended His Church difficult to believe the American Govsince then, we have reason to take ernment will allow to be carried out. heart and not lose courage. Govern- A fe~ months ago the governor-genment opposition and hatred to the eral peremptorily ordered the suppres- Gospel now will, eventually, not pre- sion of the Young Men's Christian vent its progress any more than did Association in this city. A very inthe efforts of Ranavalona I. succeed telligent and excellent young Malagasy in crushing out the Word of God in was chosen two or three years ago as this country. "He that sitteth in the secretary and· manager' of the assoheavens shall laugh; the Lord shall ciation, and was sent to Europe for a have them in derision." Let us be- year or so, in order that he might lieve Him who says·: "Be still, and study the working of such instituknow that I am God. I will be ex- tions in France, England, Switzeralted among the heathen; I will be land and Norway, and also collect exalted in the earth." money for the erection and equipment of a suitable building in Antananarivo. Postscript In this mission he had considerable success and brought a good sum of Since writing the foregoing matter money back with him for the purpose; there have been later developments and everywhere his intelligence and of . the anti-religious policy of the character gained him friends. Soon French Government in Madagas- after his return, a large house and car, which seem to point to a deter- grounds in an excellent position in mined attempt to crush out Christian- the capital were bought, arid a conity in the country. In the western tract was made for fitting up the portion of the district worked by the building with suitable classrooms, Society of Friends, the evangelist at an reading-rooms, etc., and the intelliimportant station has been ordered by gent young men of the city were anthe local French authority not to ticipating with much pleasure the preach at or visit the out-stations con- opening at Christmas of their building. nected with' the place, so that the But by the arbitrary act of the govgreatest portion of his work is alto- ernor-general all these hopes of gether stopt. In this western re- moral and intellectual improvement gion, the same society was contem- are frustrated. Comment is needless.

AMERICANS HAVE DONE IN

BY REV, J. MILTON GREENE, D.D., IIAVANA, CUBA In order to treat this subject fairly had withdrawn from Cuba a generaand fully we must take into our view tion too soon." Considering the ina period of seven years, and not tellectual, domestic, social, indussimply fix our attention upon what has trial, political and moral crudeness tra~1spired since September last. For and chaos left as the fruitage of four altho much and very much of Amer- hundrell years of Spanish dominaica's services to Cuba during the first tion under Jesuitical control, per- Intervention failed to bear fruit in the haps it was too much to hope that permanent well-being of the people on anyone man should save the Reaccount of their inertia, traditionalism, public from shipwreck. Certain it incapacity, inexperience or dishonesty, is that every day brings new still the organization of the Republic testimony to the hct that no system of on May 20, 1902, and the Constitution civilization more effectually unfits man which was signed February 21, 19<)1, for Republicanism pure and simple, with the various military orders pro- than Romanism pure and simple. To mulgated between the close of the war succeed, France must needs throw off and the inauguration of President the yoke. See also the turbulent his- Palma, as well as the herculean san- tory of Central and South America itary reforms achieved, the various and Santo Domingo. In my judgment public. improvements carried into ef- a great deal of nonsense is uttered by fect and the establishment of a system those who find the explanation in Latin of public instruction,-all this is a blood of the insurrectionary habit. story of international philanthropy, Had we Saxons been subjected to the unique in the history of the world, influence of the same ancestral teachand whose legitimate fruits were ings and practises as they are in the borne in the marvelous prosperity home and In religion, I doubt not that of Cuba during Presid~nt Palma's the battle of the Kilkenny cats would first administration. Very many have been somethin~ more than a have the firm conviction, and in fable. Parental authority and discithis the writer shares, that if pline among these people are either that guileless, unselfish, diaphanous unknown or take on the form of (as the Spanish say), and tender- priestly arrogance and despotism, hearted patriot had only continued im- and the children grow up lawless, pervious to the blandishments of wily wilful and selfish, without the fitst politicians and could have united a element of self-control in their char- Jackson-like firmness with his Lincoln- acter. vVhy should not selfish aglike transparency, there would have grandizement, political intrigue, dobeen no revolution in 1906, and Cuba mestic degradation, l11]ustice, opwould have been spared the humilia- pression and graft grow rank and tion and expense of a second Inter- noisome under such influences? vention. That he knew his people And they do. And this is the well appeared in one of h:s early why and wherefore of the late declarations that "the Unitecl States revolution. The manifest frauds,

gigantic and widespread, attending the definite reports from said Commission. second presidential election; the fail- The insurrectionists were allowed, ure of the Cabinet and Congress to strangely enough as it seems to very favor and enact a definite system of many, to retain the horses and municipal legislation; the astounding mountings which they had appropriprevalence of graft among high and ated, and a department of claims for low in government circles; the mOI1- stolen horses and other property was archical centralization of power at appointed and is at work. Removals the palace and the occupancy of and new appointments at the instiga- many of the most honorable and tion of the Liberals have been effected lucrative positions in' the govern- on a grand scale all over the Island. ment by those who had been sworn and scores of pardons have been issued enemIes of Cuban independence, to political and other prisoners. This -in these things we have the also is regarded by many of our very underlying causes of the revolu- wisest citizens as a great mistake: tion and the evils, to prevent a recur- Properties belonging to the Romish rence of which the Americans are Church and which for a long time here. After a most impartial and have been rented by the government thorough examination of the situation at an enormous figure have now been Secretaries Taft and Bacon could not purchased at a cost of about $2,000,- but concede the justice of the claims 000. The same properties were refused made by the revolutionists and the in- by the Palma administration when evitableness of American intervention, offered for $r,soo,ooo. Large approand all that has since transpired has priations for the construction of been in effect a concession to the in- roads and for other public improvesurrectionists. The extent to which ments have been made and still others this has been carried is a puzzle to the are promised, but as yet little or wisest of us. The opportune arrival nothing has been actually accomof the Denver doubtless prevented. plished. The Rural Guard for internal the capture of Havana and such blood- defense is to be increased to 10,000. shed and pillage as have seldom been and the artillery to 2,000. It is genwitnessed. Order, efficiency and fi- erally understood that the Americans nancial soundness were introduced at will announce a date for new elections once into all the departments of the as soon as the necessary preliminaries government by placing each of these can be arranged and will secure to the in charge of an American, and great people a fair and full suffrage within economy was effected by the dismissal the limits of the law that may be of supernumerary employees. A adopted. When this has been done legislative. commission, with Colonel the government will again be sur- Crowder as president, was appointed rendered into Cuban hands, .and a secto prepare election and municipal ond experiment in self-government laws, and to suggest many needed will be entered upon. When such modifications in the existing Code. elections will be held is a question That this is found to be a gigantic task which everybody is asking and no one may be inferred from the bct that can answer. The fact is that never months are passing by without any since the close of the war has Cuba

WHAT AMERICANS HAVE DONE IN CUBA

been in such a chaotic state, politi- system under which a remedy can be cally speaking. In the Moderate par- found for intellectual stagnation and ty there is not enough coherence to which will substitute for merely ex- effect a declaration of principles or ternal rites and ceremonies the culture a crystallization about anyone as of the heart, the discipline of char- leader, while in the Liberal party we acter and the regulation of the daily find a triple schism led in its divi- life. Those who, like Governor Ma- sions respectively by Gomez, Zayas goon, think to improve the condition and Garcia. So far as the mass of the people by following traditional of Cuban peasants are concerned lines, doing, as he says; "a constructive peace exists, and only peace is desired. and not an iconoclastic work," have But a few political demagogs, with read history to little purpose. These a following of professional gamblers Spanish colonies have been tradiand other social parasites, keep the tionalized to death. Hence the lack of surface of society agitated and are intellectual initiative, everywhere apresponsible for the few outbreaks parent, the absence of industrial conwhich occur, such as the burning of science, of personal integrity, of sugar-cane here and there over the domestic purity, of mutual confi- Island. These are the men who are dence and of social morality. asking and will doubtless secure from 185,000 write themselves down as Governor Magoon the abolition of the illegitimate children and 67,000 famlaw prohibiting cock-fighting. If I am ilies exist without the sanction of asked whether the general sentiment either Church or State. These are here is favorable to the success of the plague spots of Cuban character, Cuban self-government, I am obliged and their origin is found in a slavish to answer in the negative. It was a adherence to a system which has most unfortunate thing for Cuba's fu- existed to propagate ignorance, to ture that the late revolutionists were discredit Christianity, to sanction in the rig'ht, and that the United States immorality, to disseminate error and espoused their cause, for future insur- to exemplify selfishness, deceit and rections will surely be encouraged cruelty. I know that these are thereby to expect success. American fearful indictments, but the proofs responsibility for Cuban order and on which they rest superabound stability and her guarantee for the III every Spanish colony. Only safety of life and property account for as they are recognized and an the ever-increasing investments of antidote is found can any true liberty foreign capital on the Island. All exist or any real social progress be thinking people feel assured that in realized. The stars and stripes, floatsome form or other, as a protectorate, ing over our warships and military or as a territory, or as an independent camps, mean protection to life and state, the United States stands sponsor pr:operty, but for the real pacification for continued peace and prosperity. of Cuba, her internal development and her stable prosperity, the American To us, who study the Cuban situa- church must provide in her schools, tion from a moral standpoint, it seems her Bibles, her Sabbaths, her misthat the radical need of this people is sionaries and her sanctified homes. the introduct;·-:: c f a new religious

PORTUGUESE

BEGINNINGS OF WORK IN PORTUGAL BY MRS. KATE H. YOUNG Portugal is such a citauel ofRo- doors here two months since, and we manism, the Church and State being did some visiting in the neighborhood; identical, anu the law prohibiting also we conversed with and invited any other cult, that altho we count- everybody we came in contact with, ed on God 's protection, we thought from the washerwoman to the furit would take a very long time and niture dealer. much labor to fill our preaching hall with listeners. There is room Thus, by the time the house was in it for one hundred and fifteen ready for public meetings, we had a chairs. The fact of our bei ng number who were quite anxious to atcompletely unknown and also un- tend. We were by no means prepared, identified with any of the exist- tho, for the surprize the Lord gave ing denominations and societies, was us, for on the occasion of the. first an added reason why we might nat- meeting every foot of room was ocurally expect an up-hill time of it. cupied, and these restless, frivolous Our experience in Brazil, during the Portuguese Roman Catholics lisnine years, was that it was no easy tened with profound respect to the matter to get a hearing in a Roman message of salvation through Christ. Catholic community. We besought God in prayer before opening our Still greater has been our astonish- ment to see that, far from any abate- ment of interest, God has intensified e lectronic file created by cafis.org

BEGINNINGS OF WORK IN PORTUGAL S99

in each succeeding meeting the at- These people are all poor weavers, tention and increased the attendance. and in order to come to the meetings, Not only is the large sala filled, and they sacrifice part of their day's work, even the standing room, but also the arriving here supperless, and are then hall, gallery, and staircase, with peo- obliged to rise at 3 or 4 o'clock next ple who, being unable to see, stand morning to make up for lost time.

quietly and listen, till the very end Not until July 22d did we call for of the meeting, with the most ad- inquirers. But we felt that God had mirable order and respect. We been preparing hearts, so July 22d, . have never seen anything like it in at the close of the service, we definitely our missionary experience! invited those to remain who had de~ From May 27th for two months we cided to renounce all ungodliness, and just plied the people with a presenta- receive Jesus as their Savior. Twenty- tion of God's great plan of salvation seven responded and prayed to God through Christ. Very little, if any, that night, many of them exceedingly exhortation, and a studious refraining promising.

from asking people to decide and pro- The next day, while visiting a col- fess prematurely. We followed and lege professor and his wife, they la- profited by the rich experience and in- mented their sins, and then and there struction of God's great servant, repented and came to God, in Christ's Charles G. Finney. name.

After a month's steady work, we Our hearts lately have been more dealt personally with light individ- and" more exercised in prayer and uals who, we perceived, were ready travail for souls, literally day and for decision. night.

These have all been happily con- July 27th the power of God was verted, and so far as we know, are again so manifestly present that the good cases. crowds, who were packed in every- Strangely enough, their attention where, in sala, gallery, halls, were un- was called to us by the public denun- der tremendous tension, convicted of ciations of their own priest, who sin and drawn toward God.

threatened with dire excommunication We felt constrained to again give and damnation all who put their foot an invitation. Twelve new seekers inside olu doors! They came, and stayed, and as far as we can judge, re- have never missed a meeting. They ceived the Savior, for a deep serious- are a group of near neighbors and ness and contrition of spirit was man- consist of two married couples, a wid- ifest.

ow, .a young woman and a boy of We frankly and openly make war fifteen, and another widow. against all sins and vices and doubtful Being anxious forO the salvation of things, that defile, injure and enslave others, they bring their friends here, -proclaiming "without fear, or favor, and also allow us to have cJttage meet- or hope of reward" that Jesus saves ings in their homes, where, without from sin, and that the effects of the pUblicity and formality, we can ex- Gospel, when truly received, are clean- plain the Gospel to their timid neigh- liness, wholesomeness, and Liberty bors. through the Blood of the Everlasting

Covenant; and our purpose is by God's fill a place twice as large. The Lord grace, either to promote a genuine must provide more room. Even on work or nothing. the hottest and most oppressive nights they come just the same. Here we are in the land of the vine and the olive. We have been assured, All classes come here and listen over and over again, by those of long with equal respect. High and low, all experience, that it would be fatal to recognize that the Gospel is a Divine one's ministry here to attack wine- message. drinking. But in the name of the Lord we have set up our banner, and Altho the law does not permit any He commends to every man's con- religious services except those of the science the cry: "Prepare ye the way Romish church, we made bold to ask of the Lord! Make His paths the police dep,ntment to give us a straight !" guard at our door on the occasion of meetings, so as to keep order in the Jesus IS striking off here the street where many listeners stanJ, and shackles of the captives of wine, to- where the street Arabs come to make bacco, and immorality, of lies and noise and disorder. They send us a every other hurtful lust which drown policeman each time we preach, and men in destruction and perdition. he keeps everything quiet outside, while the Lord preserves perfect order Each seeker that we have prayed inside. with instinctively recog'nizes the necessity for true repentance, in order to The accompanying photo gives the live soberly, righteously and godly in types of the common people here, and this present world-and only this kind their vocations. y"T e see many of of converts are we aiming at. them in our house. Daily we are be- sieged by honest inquirers, and some- A man who has a grocery-store in times the devil sends a feigned inwhich he sold wines, became convicted quirer, such as a wily spiritualist, or of his sin, and told us with joy un- someone who has an ax to grind. But speakable, and with grateful tears, these are rare. that he had renounced it, both as merchandise and beverage. He and Our hearts are encouraged in the his wife had led a cat-and-dog life ever Lord ! We write asking that others since they had been married, but God will rejoice with us and pray for us. dealt with her, too, and both now God grant that this venerable land of testify to freedom from the old bad- prehistoric traditions, and of relics of temper, and they are living happily the old Roman imperial rule, also of and peaceably, as becometh the Hellenic ancestry, sunk and sleeping Gospel. under ages of popish igno~ance, idolatry and superstition,-this beau- Scandalmongers have renounced tiful, poetic Luzitania, the theater and their vice and, in fact, God is glorify- inspiration of Camoens, may now, by ing the name of Jesus in the salvation His wonderful power, be the scene of of souls. a great awakening, as the Gospel trumpet is sounded throughout the Our chief trouble, at present, is length and breadth of Portugal. want of room for all who desire to attend the meetings. We could easily

WORK AMONG ROMAN

* BY CHARLES STANLEY I had a narrow escape while preach- stood packed all round, so that no one ing in the open air in Sheffield. I had could have got at me. I then showed noticed a good number of Irish Roman that we were left in no uncertainty as Catholics gradually close around me. to which was the true church at Rome Then two men, one on each side, got in the year 60. It was composed of behind me, and prest my arms close all believers, the only true one church while speaking. At that moment I at Rome. Neither were we left in any felt the point of some sharp instru- uncertainty as to what are the -true ment at my back. I immediately said, doctrines of the church at Rome in the "In the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, year 60. We have an inspired account I command you to make an opening of those doctrines, and to that docu- for me, that I may walk out of this ment we turned our attention. From throng; my life is being attacked." It Chapter I to Chapter III we found was a strange sight to see the people the statement as to the total ruin of fall on each side, until an opening was man through sin. Whether Jews or made, as it were, in an instant. It Gentiles, all were sinners, all guilty, was the hand of God. I walked firmly all utterly unable to acquire righteous- away for one or two hundred yards, ness by works of law. Every man and then my legs seemed utterly to found it so, also, by his own experi- fail me, and I could scarcely walk ence. It must be so, for this was the home. true doctrine on the subject of the church at Rome, in the year 60; and it It would, however, be an injustice was the only true church in the year to leave the impression that I usually 60 at Rome. received this kind of treatment from the Roman Catholics. Generally they I then showed God's righteousness, have listened to me with respectful at- revealed in the glorious plan of re- tention in the open air, as I was accus- demption-how He is righteous tomed to preach the Gospel, and not through the atoning death of Jesus, in attack them. I will give an instance: justifying all that believe Him. "Their faith is reckoned for righteousness." I was walking with a friend one (Chapter IV.) Believing God, "who Lord's day morning at Newcastle, and raised up Jesus our Lord from the I said, "I want you this afternoon to dead, who was delivered for our iniq- make known to the Roman Catholics uities, and was raised again for our that I hope to preach in the Market justification," they are accounted at three o'clock to-day; and mind you, righteous-justified: I gave illustra- let them kl10w that I am about to tions to show that the mighty debt of prove that the' doctrine of the Church our sins had been paid; and the ever- ~ of Rome, in the }'ear 60, is the only lasting proof was Jesus risen from the true doctrine. And see that they all dead. He is our everlasting righteous- stand as near me as they can get, and ness. This being the case, there was let no one disturb or hinder me from one striking peculiarity of the church going through the discourse." They * The late Charles Stanley was much blest in work among Roman Catholics. The following narrative is from his own pen and is worth preserving.

at Rome, or the believers at Rome. A This brings to mind the remarkable mark of the true doctrine was this, way in which the Roman Catholics that they did not hope to be saved, or stood by me in the Salt Market, Glasto make their peace with God. They gow. On arrival from Birmingham, had peace with God. "Therefore a beloved Christian friend walked with being justified by faith, we have me to the Salt Market, a large open peace with God, through our Lord space, where, at that time, there were Jesus Christ." Here is the true doc- frequently preachings and lectures of trine of the church at Rome in the all kinds. An aged Scotch minister year 60. All doctrine contrary to this was urging the people to give up their is heresy and falsehood. The utter sins, become good, religious, and corruption of human nature: all sober; and finally asked them all to guilty. Redemption through the blood attend the kirk, and at once to go with of Christ, not human works, is the him to such a kirk. "Vhen he conremedy. All that believe God are cluded, I stood up and said I had just justified, and have peace WIth Him- come about three hundred miles, and are not hoping to make their peace I wished to add a few words. Sc~rcely with God. Jesus has finished the work a person went off to kirk, but all lison the cross. They believe it, and tened with eager attention and the have peace with God through Jesus crowd began to gather from all sides. Christ. I did not think it wise to tell them what I thought of the preaching they The application began to be too had been hearing, but took up the pointed. They looked at each other, matter in this way: as I asked if this was the doctnne of those around me. Had they found "You have heard now what this that they were utterly lost sinners; aged preacher has told you; an(1now, and that, try as they might, they could would you not be 1110st happy if you not acquire righteousness or peace by did as he has told you ) Would:t works of law? Had they accepted not be far better for everyone of this full salvation through Jesus you if you were to give up your sins, Christ? Did they really believe God? and to become a sober, holy, religious Were they hoping to get p~ace, or people ? You know it would be far could they say, with the Roman be- better with you were you holy; yes, lievers in the year 60, "We have peace so holy that you were fit for heaven, with God?" I assured them there is and sure to go there? Would auyno salvation apart from thc doctrine thing make yon more happy than to of the church of Romc, as revealed in be quite sure of going to heaven?" ~his epistle in the year 60. Many were the responsive sighs. "But," I said, "now tell me, have not By this time some of my inside many of you tried to do all this, that friends had become outsiders, and the preacher'has told you to do? You some had disappeared, but many lis- have tried to give up all sins, and to tened to the end; and I had not an in- be holy_ You have longed to be fIt sulting word. May the day declare for heaven, and have utterly failed. that souls were that day brought to Some of you have felt as if it were no rest in Christ, and believe the word of use trying; you only get worse and God.

EVANGELICAL WORK AMONG ROMAN

worse. You go to kirk, and try to be to go on and tell them more of the religious, but you are not a bit bet- blessed news. I had to preach again, ter for it. You long to do what this I should say, a full hour. preacher has told you to do, but you fail. Is not this the honest truth?" There are many Roman Catholics around the Salt Market, in Glasgow. The people seemed convicted on the Many came and heard, and some paid spot. I then said: "I will now tell deeper attention. Some years after I you what I have come three hundred went again, and immediately I walked miles to say. God knows our utterly on the open space I was recognized, helpless, guilty condition. He saw us and especially by the Irish Catholics, not only guilty, but without strength who came and stood from beginning to be better, just as you have found. to end of the preaching, which had He saw us lost, and we should not be again to be prolonged to a late hour. lost if we could help ourselves. That Indeed, I was told that they were vessel among the breakers is not lost most interested. I name this to show if the crew have the least hope of the importance of preaching the grace reaching shore. But see, all hope is of God, so needed by every soul, in-' gone; she is on the rocks; she is go- stead of attacking others. Nothing ing to pieces. Now, if a man is saved exposes our human errors like the it must be by the life-boat. You are truth of God. And let us remember lost! Every effort to save yourselves that man in his natural state, wheth@r only proves you are lost, LOST. To Roman Catholic or Protestant, is darkyou is JESUS, the life-boat, sent! God ness; not merely in darkness, but sent His Son 'to seek and to save the darkness itself. "For ye were somelost.' " The Scriptures were then times darkness, but now are ye light: in opened, and they were shown how the Lord." (Eph. v. 8.) There is God hac! so lovec! them, lost in sins, no true knowledge of God, no light, and helpless, and had sent His Son to but in Christ; out of Him all is moral make propitiation for sin. And if darkness. they had learned that they could not attain to holiness or righteousness, by It was very remarkable, as in the their efforts or works, I had now the above case, how the Lord gathered glorious message to declare to them large companies to hear the word free forgiveness of sins, through Jesus preached without any of the usual Christ the Lord. I then concluded, as means of post-bills, or otherwise. it was getting late; but not one per- When I spoke first in the Glasgow Salt son would move, and I was entreated Market I only knew four Christians north of Scarborough.

PLAN AT INHAMBANE. EAST

BY REV. ERWIN II. RICHARDS Twenty-seven years of missionary our church door, never attend any sort service have brought us many expe- of service unless special messengers riences in successful as well as unsuc- are sent for them, and then it is in cessful work. On our earlier visits respect to the messenger and in no home on furlough we succeeded in respect to the message that they some- raising money which was, however, times responcl. However, there is sel- inevitably consumed in the first year dom any objection to the missionary after our return to the field. People taking their children, removing them were willing to hear, gave cheerfully out of surrounding heathenism and while we were in sight, and then im- establishing them in the mission home. mediately listened to some other call The father understands that when the while we were reducecl to poverty for daughter is sold into marriage he shall the remaining time on the field. It is have the cash, and being assured of , extravagance to keep an able mission- this he has little care as to what be- ary on the field and pay him his sal- comes of her. In fact, the mission is ary, with no allowance for native work rather a fine security for him and he uncler his care. No educational or in- is willing and oftentimes urgent to dustrial work can be undertaken, and have her taken. For ten years we have without these a mission is practically been able to secure many more chil- dead. Hence we were greatly stirred dren than we could care for. It there- to know how to gain a regular and an- fore remained to figure out as closely ntlal income for the most pressing as possible the actual cost of providing wants of the mission. We desired to for a child and then to secure for these find some plan which would not inter- children as many patrons as were fere with the regular offerings of the available, who should undertake to see Church, and which would give us a fit these children all the way from the sum for the essential elements of a heathenism of the "veld" into the sa- great wclrk on our field. cred fellowship of the Church-gener- ally about five years-until a girl is The plan which is now proving suc- married or a boy self-supporting. The cessful is intended to provide only for average cost in this locality is safely children, not for localities where work put at $15 a year for the consecutive is wholly among adults. This plan is five years. We have at present three adapted exclusively for densely popu- hundred and eighty, nearly everyone lated districts where cOl11mon human- of whom is paid for in full to date.. ity is found in all its varieties, in- The patrons like it, the children cluding men and women, the young like it, and the mission likes it and the old, and especially the teeming immensely. 'This system has doubled masses of children. In our own region onr numbers of professing be- the adult population are unmoved by lievers each year for four years, until any sort of appeal ever made by an} to-day we are 1,200 strong and liable church or any individual-save in to double that number for the year to somewhat rare instances. Those come. These are placed, not all to- nearest to us, within five minutes of gether in one large church, but they eats; if she is eight she can not do are scattered over one hundred and much at the hoe, which is the plow of fifty miles long, by some forty wide, Africa. She is in school of which she on thirty different stations. The na- is usually fond, is at church, loves the tive preacher or teacher, with a body- hymns, likes to be with the church guard of this number of pupils in the folks, and in a brief season becomes midst of "raw" native heathenism, be- so identified in her habits of the new comes a living fire which will not be life that she seldom returns to the old quenched and a brilliant light which way. Her friends may entreat or can not be extinguished. threaten her, she is usually a fixture in the Christian Chttrch in the brief In the beginning it required solid space of a few months, so that as a faith to make the experiment at home, matter of fact, less than five per cent. and people were not eager to try an of her sort ever relapse into the old unproved plan. As the year rolled life. She eventually grows into the round, and each year was added, it is Christian life. Sudclen conversions certain that the people who give to are rare and we fear usually spurious the plan are becoming more and more at that. But regular training day by interested. This is shown in the fact day and hour by hour brings a sort of that the percentage of loss has been fruit which, if not positively Christian, but slight, while the gain has kept far is so near to it that, all things conin advance till it has doubled the orig- sidered, it is difficult to distinguish it inal number, including all losses, and from the scriptural variety. There is still gaining, altho there is no direct are positive and sudden conversions representative in the home land. Now and we long for them, but they are tl1at several have finished their orig- not the common route of coming into in2.1 contract w~ are preparing for a the kingdom. grcnd ces5ation of giving on the part of all suc!1, 3Ut so far r.s returns are The child of the mission almost at now in, it provtCs ttat '110re people once thinks to herself, "I will ask have left legacies for their worl, t:1an sister or brother to try this new way." there are of tr..ose who report inabJity. She does, with the result that half an Several who had l~pdertaken one pupil, army of them are at the mis~·,vl1 door on ·receiving regular reports, imme- in a brief space and all clamoring to diately st!bscribed ~or another, and be taken in, gowned and taught as is even a third, so that rhe mis~ion does this first one. The mission has no not worry over the continuance of the funds and can not take them. They general plan. are told to wait till some one dies or gets married, and they will then have The raw child from the kraal is en- a chance. But they often will not go tr"eated to come to the station by her home, and at school, prayers, and all native teacher. She comes, receives over the station there are always a lot a dress, a blanket, corn, meal, all she of the unclad eating from this or that can eat, a good hut, and has nothing dish where they can. Fathers and to do more than she has at home, viz: mothers and whole families usually to prepare her food and to raise so follow in the wake of that first child. large a share of it as she may be able. These children grow up, found a rf she is eighteen she will raise all she

Christian home of their own, and their that because of this personal element own nearest relatives are usually with in the pupil that the donor will give them. This is so common that one any less to the regular society. can not refrain from noticing that on everyone of our stations, if we save This is a real and most potent tactor the children, we have also come as latent in the Church, and if cultivated, near as possible to saving the par,ents encouraged and rightly managed as well. The station grows, the in- ought to double the contributions of fluence of those children is felt for the whole Church and to do it sudmiles round about. They are out denly and easily.. Christian people every Sunday, often on other days, are often so constructed in their ways singing, praying, giving testimony, of doing that while they give generand flashing a live light into the lace ously and on a fair scale to their and eyes, ears and hearts of the sleepy Church, they still feel at perfect liberty natives round about. You can not to undertake something of a more persing "Nearer my God to Thee" with- sonal nature on their own account, out awakening something, nor can you when opportunity occurs, and esperecite "Our Father who art in cially where they may receive the ben- Heaven" without causing some one to efit of direct information concerning get a notion that there is some one, the object of their planning. This somewhere, who is managing things plan endeavors to supply this connecand the native is set wondering till he tion in the mission field between the comes to inquire what it is all about. patron and the pupil, both to the satis- Twelve hundred station people, eight faction of the giver and immeasurable hundred of whom are children, are benefit to the mission field, We bepreaching in this effective manner to lieve the Church can and should offer more than 50,000 people of the kraals every opportunity for all sorts of per month! A record is kept, positive righteous giving, making best use of counting is required, and these facts the same, and not try to restrict all are open to the inspe~tion of anyone. giving to a solid fa:th in the divine fixedness of some time-worn harness. There is a parental influence in this Before and up to the inauguration of scheme which affords to each individ- the plan, our stations were two, our ual donor a special satisfaction which members less than ten, our entire outthe regular methods of the society do put, all told, less than sixty souls. In not provide for. Several have pupils ten years our stations are thirty, our in the name of this or that dear friend, believers 1,200, our people reached and not a few have them as real chil- beyond 50,000 souls. Pupils have dren in the Dark Continent to be sure, paid the bills and accomplished these but their own, and they feel a per- soul-stirring results. We have not sonal interest in them much akin to received one cent for any native work. real childship. This is manifest in the We have time to answer correspondgreat majority of all personal gifts. ence from earnest Christian people It will not be maintained by anyone concerning this subject, and hold ourthat because a parent has a child or selves ready to appreciate every availtwo that he will therefore quit giving able suggestion for improving and D the Church; nor is it easier to prove establishing t;1e plan.

ITALIAN AND HIS CHURCH AT HOME *

BY MISS MINNIE J. REYNOLDS It is an interesting experience for best fighters the world has ever one who has studied the Italian colony known. He has proved his title on in New York, to visit the source an;l many a field of glory, and he carries iountain of that enormous emigration his characteristic virtue into the field whi~h has almost startled Americ:l in of polemics. Therefore, the Roman recent years, and to see the Italian at Catholic, as we know him in America, home. Accustomed to regard the is sensitive as to his faith, touchy rtalian as the poorest, the greenest about his Church, and goes about with and the most ign8rant of the immi- a religious chip upon his shoulder. It grants, performing the most menial is the same with the modern Greeks, and ill-paid tasks in the community, it who through long centuries of subjec- is with bewilderment that one gazes at tion to a power alien in race and faith these splendid public buildings. these learned to regard their Church with magnificent semitropical parks, these intense affection and loyalty, as their wide and elegant streets and modern only center of nationality.

offices full of traffic and business, these But it is otherwise in Italy. Tra- buzzing electric cars, dashing automo- pani, where I am writing, is a remote biles and smart private traps with their city, little visited by foreigners, and liveried servants-and realizes that it therefore much less affected by for- is all Italian; that it is Italians alone eign influence than the great, cosmo- who are carrying on all this impres- politan, tourist-haunted cities of the sive civilization and making all this North. It is in farthest Sicily; and to display of wealth and luxury. We the average iew Yorker Sicily stand~ hear so much in America of the misery for all that is ignorant and unprogress- and the poverty of the immigrant, and ive. Of its 60,000 inhabitants, I am the dangers of immigration to the told by educated natives, two-thirds country, that unknown to ourselves never go to confession. Of the re- we get a subconscious impression that maining 20,000 a large number go nobody but Americans or persons who only once a year, at Easter time. It have been for a long time in America is rare that any man goes to confession have any money or any business abil- more than once :J. year, and probably ity. seven or eight-tenths of them never There is a false conception among go at all. There are certain other Protestants that all Catholics are practises of the Roman Church which bigoted, intolerant, and animated by seem objectionable to the Protestant ; an intense devotion to their Church; such as the buying of indulgences, ac- or at any rate, if they do not care cording to those notices posted in much about it themselves, that they Catholic churches which offer remis- are ready to resent a word against it . sion of sins for a certain length of from a Protestant. Perhaps we get time in return for certain special devo- this idea in America because most tions; or the buying of souls out of American Catholics are Irish. The purgatory by the simple expedient of Irishman clings to his Church with an paying for the masses which are to intense affection because it has long pray them out. Out of the 60,000 of been the center of his nationality. He this population, 40,000 pay no more at- has, very much against his will, been tention to such things than a Protes- subject to a Protestant power politic- tant would. The Protestant tourist, ally, and he considers that he has been seeing the ancient churches filled with subject to much persecution for his the accumulated pictures, statues and faith. Also, the Irishman is one of the votive offerings of centuries, believes * This art1c1e1 from The Home fifissionary, is one of a series that ha'5 attracte::l w:de attention. It throws special light upon the character of Italian immigratiou, which has bec()tlle a llotable factor in the great problem. ,The dewpoillt of the author is IlOW in Sicily, which has the l1:1111e of furnishing the worst class of Italian immigrants.

the whole population steeped in big- from across the water. There is none otry and superstition. As a matter of of it among Americans of the old fact, two-thirds of _the population re- stock, and in fact, non-churchgt>ers gard these things with no more rev- often contribute to the benevolent and erence than the tourist himself. Of educational -work of the Church, and even to its support. the 40,000 Trapanesi who never go to confession, a large number go to The reverse of this condition exists church occasionally; some of them in Italy. It is true that the young every Sunday, others on special oc- university men are almost to a man casions, the act being as much one of agnostics. But the mass of the ".insocial pleasure as religious duty. But definite Catholic" population believes there is a considerable number of this in a personal God, in Jesus Christ as liberal element which never steps in- the Son of God, in the Madonna as a side a church, unless it be to look at divine protectress and to a certain exthe girls or to watch some church tent, varying with individuals, in the spectacle of dramatic or historic in- saints of the Catholic Church. But it terest. This non-churchgoing element does not believe in the Church or the includes the young university men, and priests. Instead, it seems inspired by some of them are inspired by so active an active dislike of them, amounting a dislike of the church that they will at times to actual hatred. Here in not step inside a church even for the Trapani one can hardly enter a social ulterior purposes named. or friendly gathering without hearing the conversation turn sneeringly or The Protestant visitor from Amer- contemptously upon the priests, and ica comes upon a curious thing. We the superstitions of the "bigotti." have in America a large class of what Every person in Trapani who is de- Dr. Walter Laidlaw calls "Indefinite voted to his Church is called a "bigot- Protestants." They call themselves to,,_bigot_by the "indefinite" ele- Protestants, but belong to no denomination and attend no church. They ment. They speak of the priests with are married and buried by a Protestant a lack of respect which few if any minister, but there their connection Protestant in America would use in with Protestantism ends. There is regard to the clergy of any Church; exactly such an element in Roman call them "crows," "beggars," and Catholic Italy. They are baptized, other opprobrious epithets. They will married and buried by the Catholic tell more scandalous stories of priests clergy; but that is the extent of their than any Protestant ever thought of; connection with the church. The un- tales of their dishonesty, of their hardderlying causes in the corresponding heartedness, of their impure private cases are markedly different. The "111- life. But it would be distinctly unfair definite Protestant" has slipt out of to credit their dislike of the priests to churchgoing for a variety of reasons: the immorality of the latter as a class. change of residence, breaking of old The percentage of priests of whom church ties, desire to make a holiday these tales are told is an infinitesimal of Sunday, and so on. But for the one. The scorn for the priests does most part, get down to the bottom not depend at all on individual illfacts and you will find that the non- doing. The best educated and most churchgoing Protestant no longer be- intelligent people of the community lieves in the Bible. He no longer re- lump the priests together and despise gards Jesus as a divine or supernat- them as a whole. Their argument is ural being. As a logical sequence he simple. They consider the priesthood stops going to church. But he has a "graft"; a vast organization for the nothing against the Church or its purpose of getting all it can out of the clergy. He is in no way incensed or people in the way of money and power. embittered against either. All the The Church, they will tell you, is based anti-Church feeling in America comes on the ignorance and superstition of

ITALlA:,! AND HIS CHURCH AT HOME 60g

the uneducated. That is its life-blood. ,priests. A most common epithet apJ Therefore it is to its interest to main- plied to him is "Bestia"-beast. All tain ignorance and superstition. Every this means that here in Italy in a few step in education, in progress, in the years there will be some such moveadvance of human rights in Italy, they ment as that wl1ich has recently consay, has been taken in spite of the vulsed the relations of Church and Church. The priests are educated men, State in France; and that Italy will they will tell you. Therefore they impatiently shake off the burden of a must know that a man can not forgive State Church. Large numbers of men sin; that the pope can not be infallible; resent bitterly the fact that they must that the sill ' miracles related of the be taxed to support a church which saints and t11eir relics can not be true. thev neither attend nor love. I never Therefore the very fact that a man is heanl a word of objection when mona priest proves hi;l1 to be living a life astic refugees from France settled in of conscious deception. Great Britain recently. Hut there are growls and murmurs here because of All through Sicily the drugstore is those who came into Italy at the same a sort of club for the better classes. In time, with predictions tIlat not only anyone of them of an evening a group they, but all Italian conventual or.ders of well-to-do persons may be found wili be expelled in time. chatting. Happening to step into one one evening with a friend and her son, Most of the old convents are forbidthe latter, a high school lad of sixteen, den to accept any new members. A fell into controversy with a priest. In few aged nuns wander like ghosts the course of it the boy burst out with, among the great halls and corridors "Well, if I had known what they were which once sheltered hundreds-in doing when they baptized me I would Trapani there is one with only three. never have let them do it; and if I When they are gone, the government ever have any children they never shall will take the building, apply it to some be baptized." No schoolboy in Amer- modern use, or raze it to make way for ica would say such a thing to a clergy- some new building. The most comman, whether Prote"tant or Catholic. mOI1 fate of these old convents is to He would have too much respect for house a public school. Certain sisterthe man and the office, no matter how hoods are. still permitted to receive he regarded the rites of the Church. new members, but they are sisterhoods going out into the world and engaged It is said in Italy that the papacy in active work, charitable or otherregards America as the most favorable wise, like the Sisters of Charity. Very field in the world for the propagation few Italian girls are now entering of the faith, because of the toleration nunneries; and this was the more surand respect for all churches which prizing to me when I recalled that in there exist. Some years ago there was Quebec and Montreal last summer I in Trapani a priest, Vito Pappalardo, found the convents all full of life, who was excommunicated by the pope activity and prosperity, flocks of Canfor his liberal ideas. He was a pro- adian girls entering them, and even fessor of philosophy and a writer. A discovered under the black robe of one beautiful marble bust was placed in novice a beautiful young American the Public Picture Gallery to his mem- girl. ory as a scholar and a man of letters; but I confess that I do aot know any All this indicates that the Italians city council in America which would are outgrowing their Church, both inhave the temeritv to raise a statue to tellectually and morally. I think if a priest excomrnunicated by the pope the Church had to shift for itself here so short a time before. as it does in America, with no source of income except voluntary subscrip- As for the pope, the class I have tions, that two-thirds of the church described seems to have no more buildings would be closed and tworespect for him than it has for the

thirds of the priests would be obliged supports his churches-irritates the to seek other occupations. People are Italians extremely. Probably no not leaving their money to the Church, Church ever made a more fatal misbut a large sum was left not long ago take in policy than when the papacy in Trapani for the assistance of the ranged itself against the government widows and orphans of sailors-a under which it has its seat. The full class abundant in this seafaring town. fruits of that policy will be seen when It was left in charge of a secular the country which has housed the board of trustees. Not many years papacy for I,500 years, from which ago every such charity would have the pope thundered his commands to been left to the administration of the Europe and crowned and uncrowned Church. emperors-when this country refuses any longer to rest in the Church of the Aside from the spread of education pope as its State Church. through the extension of the public school system, one great fact has had There are a number of lessons for a part in bringing about this state of any church in the situation in Italy. things: the refusal of the papacy to be One is that it is very dangerous for reconciled to the government of Italy. any church to fall below the highest Italians take all the pride in their standards of intellect and morality in magnificent and heroic risorgimento the community where it exists. The that we do in our revolution. They moment it fails to keep up with the revere the House of Savoy as we do most advanced standards it finds it to the name of Washington. They adore its interest to hold the people upon its the name of Garibaldi, and all his own lower plane, where it may retain dashing and splendid deeds. They its influence over them. Another lesthrill over the martyrdom of Mazzini, son is that it is very dangerous for the masterly statesmanship of Cavour. any church to go into politics; perilous The history of the world does not con- for it to take sides in any great P9littain a more brilliant page than that ical struggle, to tie up its interests which tells the tale of the rise and with any party, or be identified in the union of Italy. He would needs be a public mind with any phase of political clod who could read that story and life. not tingle with patriotism. A third lesson is that when individ- The Italians appreciate it to the full, uals are no longer swayed by superstiand glory in it. For them Italian his- tion, when they are touched by agnostory begins with United Italy. It is ticism or free thought, when in short the heroes and events of the revolu- they no longer seek the Church to intion that they commemorate in statues sure their own salvation in a future and new streets. All natives who in life, the only hold the Church can then any way opposed the revolution and retain over them is through its good the union simply occupy the place works. They may reject the doctrines that the Tories did in the American of the Church; but if they see the revolution. The Italian Tories are of Church educating and uplifting bebut one kind: the pope and his political lated races; teaching and befriending followers. the puzzled child of the immigrant; following the American flag with That the pope should refuse to rec- schools and churches which embody ognize a government which has treated the best we know in America-those him with every courtesy; that he who no longer love the Church for should presume to announce himself their own sake must at least respect to the world as a prisoner, when he is it for the good it does. Far be the as free as any citizen of the land; that time when the Church in America is he should maintain an obstinate and referred to in such terms of sneering continued attitude of disloyalty to the contempt as one hears in Italy! government which protects him and

CIVILIZING WORK OF MODERN

MISSIONS * BY CYRUS C. ADAMS If we were asked to illustrate the sent them to the upper river to supply spirit of practical humanity that is an the skilled labor needed in this rail- impelling principle in the work of road enterprise. Under them worked thousands of Christian missionaries we hundreds of the Kongo boys, trained might mention the Roman Catholic in the same trades in the Free State Mission of Saint-Trudon in the Kongo mission schools, but not yet so experi- Free State. For over three years the enced and efficient as the men from fathers. at this mission have been pay- Accra. It was their duty also to super- ing the natives to bring to them poor vise the common laborers, 2,000 to people stricken with an incurable dis- 3,000 in number, who did the rough work of railroad construction. So it ease.t The mission stands on the broad was the disciplined skill as well as the brawn and muscle of African workpathway that "sleeping sickness" fol- men that pushed this railroad through lowed, 2,000 miles up the Kongo and the Kongo forests. Only about one on to Victoria Nyanza, smiting nearly hundred white men participated. 200,000 victims, not one of whom recovered. In May, 1903, the fathers,see- Such incidents might be multipliecl ing these afflicted ones dying in the indefinitely and each would be evidence roads, conceived the idea that if they of the highest value relating to the imshould get them together they might portance and the success of some commitigate the sufferings of their last paratively new phases of missionary days, and perhaps !'educe, by this seg- influence. The ministrations of the oldregation, the ravages of the plague. time missionary were mainly intellec- From that day to this they have been tual and spiritual. He taught barbapaying 3 francs 75 centimes-nearly 75 rians to read so that they might spell cents-for every patient brought to out the scriptures he translated for them. On March r6 last 2,049 per- them. He went among them to win sons had been received at their isolated converts, and his first and highest duty hospital, where fifteen women pre- was to preach the Gospel. He has not pared the food, and the gentle minis- changed a whit in his conception of trations of the sisters and fathers are his high calling, but he has found new bestowed till a decent burial marks ways to make himself more effective the last act of heroic devotion. in it. He has discovered that the seeds African Rallroad Builders Trained in of religious teaching thrive best in soil Mission Schools where some elements of our material civilization have been planted, wa- On September r last a railroad was tered, and coaxed to grow; that if completed around the rapids in the he meets with some success in training upper Kongo, and this great underta- untutored peoples to habits of indusking illustrates another phase of phil- try, he has laid a pioneer foundation anthropic missionary effort. At Accra, upon which he may deliver his Gospel on the Gold Coast, nearly 1,200 miles message with more satisfying results; above the Kongo mouth, is a famous that industrial training is worth more mission station that has long taught to men and women on the lowest rungs trades to the natives. The Kongo Free of the ladder than intellectual educa- State took into its service many of tion; and that, if he may make his peothese skilled black artizans, trained in ple sharers in some of the fundamental carpentry, blacksmithing, brickmaking, blessings of civilization, if science may masonry, and other practical arts, and $: Condensed from the American Monthly Review of Reviews. t It was reported in November last that a cure had been discovered for ;. sleeping sickness" and was being applied with much success.

even dimly illumine their dark lives, if but we may not have heard that indus- the boon of modern medical practise trial training has been an established and surgery may be brought within feature of hundreds of missions their reach, he has won a vantage throughout the world while many of ground upon which to discharge the the occident:ll nations have done little duties of his sacred office that was more than to discuss the preliminaries. never his before. If we look into the matter we shall find the facts very fascinating, and almost These are the practical, humanita- bewildering in number. The mass of rian aspects of most missionary enter- this testimony is enormous in the reprise to-day. Long ago they were in- ports of colonial governments and of cipient features of the work; but it missionary societies; also in recent is only within the past quarter of a books, such as Dennis' "Christian Miscentury that industrial education has had its remarkable growth, that the sions and Social Progress, "* which protecting arm of the missionary has been thrown around. the orphan, the is packed with testimony, and in thou- foundling, the blind and the deaf mute, sands of photographs, like those reand that the medical science at the mis- cently published by the Kongo Free sionary station has begun to confer its State, showing not only the missions, blessings upon the least fortunate churches, schools, and hospitals, but races of men. The model farm is now also the trade schools, printing-offices, seen among the: savages of New sewing rooms, brickyards, fields, and Guinea; black men press clay into other industrial aspects where the namolds and produce on the Kongo the tives are working at their new trades counterpart of the brickyards of or tilling the soil by modern methods. Haverstraw; women are running sewing machines within a stone's throw of It is unfortunate that so manv books, the spot where their cannibal fathers written from the standpoint o( the evpushed canoes from the shore and angelical denominations, do scant jusgave Stanley his hardest fight in Af- tice to the great achievements in this rica. 'Where the church rises, the hos- field of the Roman Catholic missions, pital is its concomitant. The mission which have had their full share of sucstation is builded upon a basis of broad cessful pioneering in this work of sowphilanthropy; and upon the same foun- ing the seeds of civilization. dation are rising the higher schools and even colleges in regions prepared Progress Since Stanley's Day for them. The missionary is helping to refashion the life of the backward In 1879, Stanley could not induce a races. ,Ve must not overlook the large Kongo native to carry a pound of participation of some of the civilized freight or do other work for him. He goverhments in this work of regener- had to send to Liberia and to Zanzibar ation. The Kongo Free State, for ex- for labor. To-day there are tens of ample, has its trade schools, its orphan thousands of the Kongoese voluntarily colonies, and its hospitals, as well as serving the government, the trading the Evangelical and Roman Catholic companies, and the missionaries for missions scattered over its wide do- hire; and many hundreds of young men ma111S. are going from the mission schools into service as skilled artizans, overseers Vast Contributions to Industrial Upbuilding of labor, teachers, and in other capaci- ties. Africa's own sons and daugh- General statements on such a subject ters must themselves work out her make little impression unless fortified material regeneration, for most of the by ample eviclence. vVe know that im- manual labor must be performed by portant agencies at home and in Eu- them; and one of the greatest facts of rope are prompting industrial train- to-day is the participation of great ing as a part of educational systems; multitudes of African natives in the reclamation of their continent.

• Three volumes. F. H. Revell Co.

1907l THE CIVILIZING WORK OF MODER:" CHRISTIAN MISSIONS 6I3

A -,vhile ago, the Protestant natives and Andereya Luhaga, king of Bunof Uganda put 750,000 bricks, which yoro, who has thrown himself heart missionaries had taught them to make, and soul into the work of reforming into the walls of a cathedral that holds the lives and the conditions of his peoover 3,000 persons. Brickmaking is ple, crusht to earth_ as they had been now a large industry across tropical by the terrible tyranny of hi~ father. Africa from sea to sea. The church at It is a great boon to Africa that the Blantyre is perhaps the handsomest plant of civilization, grown from seed specimen of trained native handicraft, the missionaries sowed, is being nurbut it is not the largest, nor does it il- tured by some of the most powerful lustrate any better than scores of other natives of the continent. structures the attainments that the blacks have made in the building arts Races Enlightened and Energized under missionarv tuition. The blacks at Blantyre wh~ built that church to vVe have given this much space to the driving of the last nail were the Africa because the larger part of it, sons of men who had never seen a l:hirty years ago, was the most conwhite man; but they had the capacity solidated mass of pure barbarism, unand it was evoked in the missionary relieved by a single ray of light, in the trade school of the Free Church of world. But the same work of en- Scotland, to which it is a splendid lightenment, through improvement of monument. the material conditions of barbarous peoples, is advancing in the most re- The Winning of Africa's Rulers mote parts of the mission field. The culture of garden and farm, iron Ve see the native labor trained 111 smelting and manufactures, the plantthe trade schools at Accra in demand ing of rubber, the banana, and the among the French, German, Spanish, coconut tree are now enlisting the Belgian, and Portuguese regions of energies of New Guinea cannibals forthe west coast and on the upper merly given to orgie and foray. In- Kongo in the heart of Africa. We dustrial communities are thriving see industrial education turning out its among the debased aborigines of Ausartizans by the many hundreds, from tralia. Gooel houses and home-made the Lovedale Institute of Cape Colony furniture are among the fruits of into the Protestant missions of Liberia; dustrial training in the Pacific Islands. and we observe that this civilizing Some of these islanders do their own work is greatly promoted by the hold printing, and commerce has grown the missionaries have gained upon through the mat and hat making and some of the most influential native other trades which the missionaries rulers. Among them is Khama, king have introduced. of the Bamangwato, famous for the peace, order, temperance, and industry Christian teachers among some of that now distinguish all his people; the Canadian Indians have had Lewanika, king of Barotse, who asked marked success in the introduction of the present king of England, when he helpful trades. This is also the case visited that country, to send him more among the South American Indians; men to teach his people carpentry and and who has not heard of the sheep other trades, so that they might ad- farming and other industries that have vance more rapidly in civilization; greatly improved the condition of the Apolo Kagwa, the prime minister of natives at the extreme southern end Uganda, whose controlling thought is of South America? The industrial to work for the uplifting and civilizing feature is very important among the of his people; Daudi Chwa, the little missions scattered over Turkey in king of that remarkable country, who Asia, where many of the Western is being trained as a Christian prince; methods of shoe and cabinet-making, bookbinding, tailoring, carpentry, and

so on, have been introduced; and mis- without price. The great brick hos- sionaries have even been able to sug- pital at Doma, the capital of the gest improvernents in the native in- Kongo Free State, is the special pride dustries, as in silk embroideries. Thus of the government, which also has its Vestern ideas are helping a little to hospitals and dispensaries at everv alleviate material conditions in regions station throughout its immense dO'- where misgovernment and persecution main, which, whatever criticisms have have nearly stifled all joy in life. been made, is recognized as the part of barbarous Africa that, thus far, has We should not expect that the in- made the largest development. dustrial phase of mission work would have the same virility and the potency The first medical mission is said to for good in China and Japan that it have been conducted by a Dutch phy- has exhibited in barbarous lands. sician in the East Indies from r624 to These great oriental countries devel- r638. The growth of the movement oped a very advanced type of civiliza- was very slow, and it was not till the tion under which they brought their latter part of the nineteenth century own arts and industries to a high that it became important. Living- degree of perfection. Even in this stone's many years of gentle ministra- day of China's awakening she is more tion to the sick, and Arnot's journey eager for the intellectual and scientific over half of tropical Africa with than for the manual training of the nothing to pay his way excepting his West. Several efforts on the part of box of medicines, did much to call at- British and American societies to in- tention to the value of medical prac- troduce model farms especially devo- tise as a beneficent feature of mission- ted to fruits have met with success. In ary service. For thirty years this new some of the cities they have long been phase of the work has grown by leaps teaching Western methods of printing and bounds till it is found in every and weaving, and one of the Meth- corner of the earth covered by the odist missions at Chungking, on the mission field. upper Yang-tse, reports that it is graduating boys as carpenters, cab- The latest statistics of the evangel- inet-makers, and tailors. The indus- ical societies show that there are now trial feature is just being introduced four hundred hospitals, besides many into Korea; and it is certainly thriving dispensaries, with nearly eight hun- in Japan in schools for women and the dred medical missionaries, of whom mission orphan asylums. two hundred and fifty are women; and in the hospitals, dispensaries, poly- The Broad Ministry of Medicine and clinics, and native houses an average of about 2,300,000 patients are an- Surgery nually treated. This does not include the Roman Catholics, who make a Bnt human suffering makes the large feature of medical missions. whole world kin, and every part of the globe is eager now to have the West- Na words could exaggerate the use- ern arts of medicine and surgery. The fulness and success of this work. The '"randest humanitarian feature of missionary physician is eagerly wel- Christian mISSIOns is the medical comed in every land. His influence is phase. Its great success has stimulated far-reaching, for he carries the best governments to follow the example of gifts of medical science to the neg- the humble preachers of the GospeL lected, he revolutionizes native prac- The largest building in Dar es S~laa~, tise, and he supplants the terrors of the capital of German East Afnca, IS the barbarous quack. It is, under the the government hospital, to which af- law, a misdemeanor to practise the flicted natives come from far away, arts of the fetish doctor in the Kongo – where the great boon of treatment by Free State and Rhodesia, but the European methods of healing is theirs medical missionary is doing more than

THE CIVILIZING WORK OF MODERN CHRISTIAN MISSIONS 61

the law to destroy baleful supersti- motes all phases of his work. It gives tions that have held millions in de- him the best of opportunities for his grading bondage. special calling; and a cured patient often brings not only his family, but Even in advanced countries like In- also his whole village to the mission. dia, where there are many native physicians schooled in Western therapeu- So the missionary is not only the tics, the medical service is wofully in- messenger of the Christian faith but adequate to the need. The most com- also the forerunner of material progpetent Indian doctors and surgeons ress. He is paving the way for civilhave more work than they can do at ization. By industrial education he is high rates. The poor must suffer; helping the laggard races both to help but everywhere the widest blessings of themselves and to enter into larger the medical mission? fall upon the and closer business relations with the poor. The latest Africa book, "Ugan- rest of the world, so that they shall da to Kartoum," has a photograph of partake to no small extent of the bennearly a hundred patients waiting their efits coming from reciprocally advanturn as a single physician treats their tageous dealings with other coul'ltries ; cases. There is need for good sur- and his life of love and self-sacrifice geons as well as good doctors, and is bearing no better fruit, from a women physicians are especially. im- worldly point of view, than the alleviaportant. In India there are 50,000,000 tion he brings to suffering, the years women who are practically cut off his medical skill adds to many a from the outside world, and the human life, and the useful men and women practitioners who may go women, who once were little waifs among them are still too few. They and strays, without hope or friends till are training hundreds of native he gathered them into his fold and did women nurses every year, but the need his best to give them strength of charfar exceeds the supply. acter and attainment through which they may stand alone, far stronger The missionary finds everywhere than their fathers. that his medical service greatly pro- AFRICA WAITING BY S. G. STOCK W!'itten on receiving Bishop Tucker's telegram "Africa Waiting"

They are waiting everywhere,- For the happy beam of day Where the fields of earth are fair, That shall ~hase their gloom away, Where the rivers nobly run, For the news, so glad and blest, Where the blossoms seek the sun, That shall set their hearts at rest; Where the hills rise, high and grand For the peace we know and prize, Looking proudly o'er the land- For the hope beyond the skies- Waiting! Waiting! Waiting! Waiting!

They are waiting in the wild, Yet not voiceless or alone, Sick and weary and defiled, For their cry to Heav'n hath flown, And the Savior's healing word And the Master waiteth too, They have never, never heard; Waiteth, ransomed soul, for you, Ever hungry and unfed, Till the life devotion sweet Left without the living bread- Be outpoured at his feet- Waiting! Waiting! Waiting! Waiting!

EDITORIALS

I HE HOLY SPIRIT AND TIlE they have even a partial knowledge of MISSIONARY the conditions and a feeling of sympa- thy for Christ's ideals. Heretofore "WHEN HE (the Holy Spirit) IS emphasis has been placed on many phases of religious instruction except COME HE WlLL CONVICT THE WORLD IN that which concerns the missionary truth of the Bible. What pupils in RESPECT OF SIN, AND OF RIGIITEOUS- our church schools have received of this has depended almost wholly on XESS, AND UF JL:DGMENT. UF SIN, BE- the individual sltperintendent or teacher. JIany children have gone CAUSE THEY BELIEVE NOT ON ME; OF from the primary to the adult classes without having any idea of the pro- RIGHTEUUSNESS, BECAUSE I GO TO MY gram of Christ for the Church or how far it has been carried out. There FATHER; .•. OF JUDGMENT, BECAUSE has been no systematic and widely or- ganized effort to train the children THE PRINCE OF THIS WORLD HATH and youth in this branch of knowl- edge. BEEN J L:DGED." J olm xvi. 8, R. v. Is it any wonder that a great ma- These words of Christ describe the jority in our churches have no deep work of the Holy Spirit in the world, concern for the salvation of the world? in four things noteworthy aspects. It is rather remarkable that there are There are four parties presented to so many who are ready to give themour minds: the Spirit of God: man selves and their substance to this great in the world; the Lord Jesus Christ, cause. There is great need of a genthe righteousness of God to the be- eral forward movement, and we believer; and, finally, the prince of this lieve that it is coming. world. In looking over scores of "helps" Man is the victim; Jesus Christ, on the International and other Sunthe Victor; the devil, the vanquished clay-school lessons we have Deen one; and the Holy Spirit, the power struck with the absence of any referby which the Victor gives to the vic- ence to missionary principles and tim victory over the vanquished. achievements. With the exception of the Sunday-school Times and two or In other words, Goel says to the three denominational missionary periworldly and unregenerate, "You are odiCals, the subject has been almost or a sinner; you have rejected Jesus quite ignored, eve:l where the most Christ thus far; you are under the do- obvious and important truth of the minion of the devil,and can never break selected passage was missionary. Take it, but there is One who can break it for instance the Call of Abram or of for you-Jesus Christ can change :foses: faith, obedience, anel other your sin into righteousness-and the general truths were taught, but the only power that can apply the victory bearing 011 Goel's purpose for the of Christ to your present condition is world was ignored by hunclreds of the Holy Spirit." We understand writers. that to be the practical theology of this passage, and are thankful to God The Young People's Missionary that it is so simple that a child can :!Iovement is wisely bringing pressure understanel it. Yet here is the very to bear on Sundav-school workers to essence of the message which the mis"- give missions at l~ast as large a place sionary is to bring to the slaves of sin. as they have in the Word of God. We hope and believe that other editors MISSIONARY rNSTRUCTIONS CN THE will follow the fine example of the SUNDAY-SCHOOL Times in using illustrations from mis- It is generally believed by Sunclayschool leaders that the coming movement in this department of church work is to be in the interests of better instruttion on the needs, opportunities, and obligations in the world field.

That there is need for such an advance step none have any doubt if sionary biographies and pointing out Supernatural Results. There is no missionary truths at least once a quar- "can not" in the vocabulary of a ter. Every lesson writer should have Spirit-fil1ed ·suppliant. Victims of mind and heart open to this side c i. long-established evil habits say, "I God's truth and its application and want to live a better life, but I can't." teach positive, powerful missionary The believer says as to prayer, "I can lessons. not, but God can."

Each Sunday-school should also be What one can not do, or get done, a recruiting station for service in a1 apart from God becomes not only parts of the world. If the true Chris- possible, but easy and natural, when tian ideals are in control and efficient filled with God; and if, after vainly methods are used we should see from trying to break loose from habits of every school missionaries and volun- years by the feeble weapon of their teers who are saying to Christ's call own resolutions, men would only to evangelize the world, "Here am I, come to the conclusion, "I can not do send me." this thing alone, but I can do it with God," the power of evil would be THE SUPERNATURAL ELEMENT IN broken.

P~AYER ] ust so with Christian disciples. As to overcoming besetting sins, partic- Is not the key to a1 real power in ularly sins of disposition-impatience, intercession the unalterable persuasion envy, jealousy, uncharitableness-that that prayer carries with it supernatural are such a disgrace to themselves, a force? The moment we abartdon the reproach to Christ, and a stumblingsupernatural element in the Bible we block to others-how many would may well burn it; and so, if we aban- overcome but can not, because they don the supernatural element in the have never yet got hold of God with Christian life, we may as well give it regard to this matter. Hundreds enter up altogether. The trend of our day into newness of life the instant that is to deny to the Word of God its they understand and realize that what proper divine element, find so make it is impossible without Him, becomes virtually a human book; to deny to possible, easy, and natural with Him. conversion its divine element, and make it simply a human reformation; So of supernatural faith in prayer. and to resolve the efficacy of prayer While we deny or doubt the power into mere self-culture. of God to answer, we never know full deliverance. In the Psalms we are told The Word of God teaches a super- that the pilgrim people of God "limited natural element in all holy Jiving, and the Holy One of Israel." All limited especially praying; a divine conviction, conceptions of His power and love wrought by the Spirit, flooding the limit God. So long as we think He soul, and .power imparted to the sup- can not, or will not, do this thing for pliant by the Holy Spirit moving in us, He never will. And, as we limit him (Rom. viii. 26, 27). Him, by our conception of what He can and will do, so we limit Him by Prayer, therefore, has supernatural our reception of· what He does, so energy. It i.s the working of Divine that, even when He works, we fail to Power, from beginning to end, and see it. as long as we depend even upon the best exercise of merely natural facul- Our Lord says, "The light of the ties we never know prevailing power; body is the eye"-not because the eye but as soon as, abandoning our own actually gives light to the body, but struggles, efforts, endeav()rs and reso- because it i3 the faculty that makes lutions, we open our heart to the in- hght available. Faith is the verifying coming, in-dwelling, in-working, and faculty by which truth is received into out-working of the Divine Spirit, the the soul; and, without that verifying problems of prayer reach their prac- faculty, all the truth in the world will tical solution. not deliver from error, just as without

the eye all 'the light in the universe WANTED: PRAYER! will not illumine. The venerable Dr. Jacob Chamber- Supernatural Filling. There must likewise be a reception, by faith, of lain, of the Arcot Mission, India. God's power in prayer, if we are not to limit God. Christ could not do specially commends the action of the many mighty works where unbelief limited Him. We must open our Centennial General Synod of the Rehearts largely, fully, absolutely, to the in-dwelling and in-working of the formed Church, in unanimously voting Divine Spirit in prayer; and so our great problems will be solved, great that at least $200,000 be raised this difficulties overcome, and great answers follow. Satan flees before a year for the foreign mission work of man made almighty by the omnipotence of God. the Reformed (Dutch) Church. He An Illustration. When an engineer also commends the proposed "parish in Bolivia brought over the Cordilleras the first locomotive ever seen in these plan," each home church choosing latitudes, the native Indians came up from the Amazon basin to see this some "foreign parish" to support sight, and sat on their haunches discussing what this strange monster wholly or in part, as the complement could be. They said: "It is made to go; Let's make it go"; and so they to the "home parish." He thinks lassoed the buffers, and about thirty of them began to pull, and drew the also the "Layman's League" a grand locomotive a few yards. They exclaimed, "Ay-ay-ay-ay Tatai Tatito." step. . "The great and little father hath enabled us to do something wonderful!" But he blows a clarion blast of sum- The next day the engineer got up mons to prayer. He counts the one steam and hitched a couple of cattle trucks to the locomotive and, when the thing most wanted is an auxiliary Indians came again, put them into the trucks and locked them in. Then he army of covenanted intercessory misstood on the fire-plate .of the locomotive, and opened the regulator, an? sionaries. He bears witness that crises let the steam into the cylinder, and It began to move the piston, and the have been successfully passed, and repiston the crank, and the crank. the wheel, and the wheel the locomotIve; sults wrought inexplicable but for the and the locomotive carried the Indians along, ten miles an hour t What did effectual prayers which have gone up they not say to their "great and little father!" But they learned this great from hearts aflame with the prayer lesson-that locomotives are not made to be moved along by outside human spirit; but now the conflict thickens, power, but by means of a power w,ithill, and so to carry human bemgs the dangers multiply and the foes along. threaten as never before, and there is God would have every believer un- need of a new army of praying sa.ints derstand that prayer is not a machine, to be worked by human zeal, but by who, themselves debarred from more the power of God within. Let us see to it that we learn the power of God. direct personal service, act as a corps of imercessors.

To illustrate the greatness of both the need and opportunity he gives the following narrative, one instance out of many, as he says: In 1888, I was with several native assist- ants out upon a prolonged preaching tonr in the regions around my then station, Madanapalle. A village of humble laborers heard our message gladly. Vie had on a preceding tour preached to the111 of Jesus Christ and they had given earnest atten- tion. Now they promised to come over in a body and embrace Christianity, taking Jesus Christ as their all-sufficient Savior.

I was able to procure a little plot of land, and put up a temporary thatched shed on it on the edge of their hamlet in which to hold worship, and placed a helper e.lere to give them daily instrnction in the evenings, after their work for the day was over.

Ve preached in the adjacent caste v;l- lage. A young merchant, PapaYil by name, heard us with apparent avidity and fol- lowed us to our tent, pitcbed between his village and the newly-erected "prayer house," and for days eagerly received in- us~prucyteiaorl1~isnagysinogf that this met the long pent- his heart for an omnipo-

EDITORIALS

tent personal Savior, and that he fdt that and it shall be given you," will work he must come Qut openly and embrace this Jesus Christ as his own Redeemer. He was wonders. under instruction daily for some weeks Wherever we are, when the factory there at our tents while we were preaching in all the surrounding villages, and whistles blow or the hands of the finally promised to present himself for bap- clocks point' to twelve, let us lift our tism as soon as he had learned more about hearts to our Heavenly Father, and that salvation, but each time put it off a ask for a mighty outpouring of the little longer. Finally he definitely prom- Holy Spirit, each in his own neighborised to be baptized on a certain day. hood, and that the whole world may be soon evangelized. The non-caste villagers were all to be present, for his coming out would give them Ask your friends, near and far, and added courage to stand firm and themselves strangers also, to unite in this compact also to come out openly the following week. of prayer, until it becomes the custom Nine o'clock Sabbath morning came. The among all Christians the world over. tent was all arranged for divine service, and the non-caste villagers were waiting for MISSIONARIES KEPT BACK his appearance to come into the tent in a body for the serv~ce: Tht; native a~sistan~s Twenty-seven years ago the Church meantime were slttmg With them m their Missionary Society took a bold forlittle prayer house, giving them further in- ward step in faith, and n;solved to struction in the way of life. send abroad all candidates who ap- proved themselves as ready to go to There I sat alone in the tent, waiting and the needy fields of missionary enterpraying, and how I did pray that Papaya prise, whatever were the resources in might have courage to come and take upon hand; and this resolve has been adhimself the vows of a Christian and how hered to for more than a quarter cen- I did wish that there was a corps of tury in the confidence that when the covenanted intercessors in the churches at Lord opened the field and raised up home laboring with God then for such the workmen, He would also lead His cases as this. people to furnish the funds. But of late the standard-bearers have carried Ten o'clock came and eleven, and then the standard forward, and,· as it is I summoned the waiting non-caste villagers very sad to admit, th~ ranks of supand sadly held our service and preached to porters have not come up to the adthem alone, mourning that there had not vance position, and the Society feels been a sufficiel1L volume of interces~ory compelled to fall back and carry the prayer to bring Papaya into the kingdom, standard to a lower level-in a word, as I fully believe might then havt. been instead of bringing the men up to the done. flag, to bring the flag down to the men. It is undoubtedly a backward step, Papaya never came forward to fulfil. his and c'.1ght not to have been necessary. promise. He lack"d ~he courage that ml?,ht Nor would it have been had the givhave been given him III answer to wrestlmg ing been as systematic, 'self-denying, intercessory prayer. and abundant as the resources of an- glican disciples would have justified. A PLAN FOR UNITED PRAYER Above all must there have been a lack of praying, which always is the heart In a recent address by Dr. S. B. of all mission enterprises. Gifts never lack while prayer abounds. And we Capen, President of the American devoutly hope that a new spirit of hu- miliation and prayer may be so kin- Board of Commissioners for Foreign dled in the churches that at the next anniversary of the Church Missionary Missions, he made the pertinent sug- Society it may be joyfully announced gestion that Christian laymen set aside that they are prepared to advance their a certain hour in the day, say I2 standard to a point far ahead of any o'clock, to be used for a few moments previous position. of silent prayer for missions. This is already the plan of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew in the Episcopal Church. It would be the recognition anew of prayer as to-day the mightiest force in the world. This suggestion is of vast import- ance as we believe there is nothing that the world needs more than a great prayer-revival. Let us adopt this plan, and the' God who says "Ask,

THE SPREAD OF THE LAYMEN'S the interests of laymen in Christian MOVEMENT missions drawing the denominations together. The deputation also visited Cooperating committees are being Bristol, Sheffield, Liverpool, Edin- formed in many of the cities to work burgh and Glasgow. The movement for the development of missionary in- is spreading rapidly throughout Britterests among laymen. The following ain, and at the farewell meeting in declaration has been adopted by the London over 1,000 men were present; executive committee as a basis: a representative committee of one hun- dred was organized and money was Believing it to be the duty of the Church given to pay the salary of a permanent of Christ to preach the Gospel to every secretary. creature, it is my purpose to pray, t? gIve, to study, and to work, as God may. gIve me A denominational laymen's mission- ary movement was inaugurated in the aotpipoonrtmunayityo,btehyattll1t.ShecoCmhumracnhd.o*f thIs gener- Southern Presbyterian Church at Birmingham, Alabama, on May 14. A If 100,000 men of all church~s can general committee was appointed, conbe enlisted in serious cooperation to sisting of forty leading laymen from this end, their combined efforts, by thirteen c,tates. This general committhe sure blessing of God, will be tre- tee is to be gradually enlarged to mendous. nearly one hundred. An executive committee of nine was appointed with In response to a cordial invitation Charles A. Rowland, Athens, Georgia, from representative leaders of all the as chairman. churches in Great Britain, a deputation of six men from the Laymen's Over fifty laymen have joined the Movement went over to England for Commission for the careful investiga- tion of mission fields and the missionttow oc own feeerks~itfhrolme a dMe rasyo2f 7altlot hJeu nCeh r1i s0-, ary work abroad, and it seems wise to increase the number to one huntian forces in Great Britain concerning dred. A large party is being organized the best methods of practical cooper- to sail from the Pacific Coast on Augation on the part of the men of the ust 9, and will visit Japan, China, Ko- English-speaking nations, in the effort rea, India, the Philippines, Africa, to make the message of Christ univer- Arabia, and Turkey, traveling in sally known in our day. groups and studying in. detail the missionary work now tn progress Mr. J. Campbell White, the. secr~­ throughout the non-Christian world. tary, Messrs. William J. Sdheffeh~l Their reports will be published and and A. E. Marling of New York, SI- can not fail to interest men of all relas McBee of the Churchman, with ligious denominations. This ca~­ several members from Canada were paign of education conducted by bUSIentertained at a breakfast in King's ness men at their own expense may Hall of the Holborn Restaurant in possibly lead to a comprehensive plan London, and spoke of the meaning for future work. This sympathetic and purpose of the mov~ment, and .the cooperation among all Protestant comprogress it has made m the Untted nmnions denotes a close approach to States and Canada. The same eve- church unity. ning a public meeting was held in Queen's Hall, at which Sir Mortimer ADVANCE IN REFORM MOVEMENTS Durand presided. Letters were read from the Archbishop of Canterbury Albert K. Smiley, LL.D., in welpromising all reasonable support and coming the late Lake Mohonk Confrom Captain Mahan, who had ex- ference on Arbitration, and in hopepected to be present, showing how the fully forecasting the success of the movement was the natural outcome of movement, reviewed what he had him- self seen achieved for the advancement '" Declaration cards, containing the above basis of membership and other literature, can be secured at fifty cents a hundred from the office of the Moveme..,t, I Madison Avenue New York.

EDITORIALS

of civilization in his own day, encour- may be one reason why these lands, aging those who are still striving for so long under papal control, are so what many regard as impracticable generally revolting against their for- ideals. His words should be given a mer bondage. In every country hith- permanent place in history: erto dominated by the papacy these When the anti-slavery movement began, signs are manifest. For thirty years the whole South was a unit in defense of Italy has been free, and more recently the institution, and few men in the North Spain, Austria and France have foldared to utter a word against it. What a lowed in the struggle for religious incontrast to-dav! Not a slave in the civilized dependence. world and hardly a defender! The temperance movement in my lifetime has made A modern writer has taken pains to wonderful progress. In my boyhood in look up the records and compare the benedictions and maledictions of the Maine it was the .custom among farmers to sovereign pontiffs with the actual cafurnish rum freely to workmen, and drunk- reers of those they blest or curst, and enness was countenanced My father was severely censur:ed for not yielding to the custom. Within a generation Maine led in this is the result in part: the movement to abolish the salomi! Dueling-within my memory considered the In The Primitive Catholic of Brook- lyn, there appeared on November 15, proper method for settling questions of per- I~98, a remarkable list of the Pope's sonal honor-is now wholly abolished in America and in many parts of Europe. gifts of the Golden Rose, with their striking effects: Formerly lotteries were not only allowed. but were so entirely sanctioned as to be "The Pope sent the Golden Rose to used even in building churches-now they are almost banished from the country. The Bomba, King of Naples, and in less prison refol 1S, care of the insane, institutions for the blind and crippled, the care than twelve months he lost his crown of immigrants and others of the helpless and kingdom. He sent his blessing to poor are of recent growth. Now there are Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, many hundreds of institutions in N ew York and in less ~han twelve months he was City alone for the amelioration of suffering defeated at Sadowa, and lost his Veand vice and the betterment of mankind, netian dominions. He sent it then to magnificent eftorts to remove every form Queen Isabella of Spain, and in a of disaster and disease. Then there are the extension of popular education, the vast short time she lost both crown and dosums of money devotec' to higher education and scientific research-think of the govern- mInIons. He next sent it to Louis ment appropriating for Indian education Napoleon, or rather to the Empress three millions annually. all brought about Eugenie, which is more remarkable within two decades. Religious toleration still, as she called the war with Gerand the union of churches have replaced many her war. In less than twelve months France was defeated by Protbigotry. All these moral issues, once de- estant Germany, and the emperor had nounced as visionary, hav€. been fought out after hard struggle. within my lifetime.

Ve believe fully that the time is to flee to Protestant England for shelsurely coming when international ter, where he died in exile. dueling and wholesale robbery and slaughter will no longer be tolerated, "Mrs. W. T. Shennan got the Golbut that time will only be firmly estab- den Rose as a special mark of favor lished by the acknowledgment of the for her service to the Church; and it Lordsl:ip of Christ. was too much for her, as she died soon after. The Pope curst Italy as he had curst England, and excommuni- POPE'S BLESSING AND CURSING cated King Humbert for taking the Evidently the so-called papal coun- papal dominions and making Rome the tries of the world do not stand in as capital of the kingdom. Since then superstitious awe of the supreme pon- she has risen from being a cipher tiff as in past centuries. The diffusion among the nations to be a voice and of intelligence is as fatal to the bond- a power in the councils of Europe. He age of bigotry and the servility of ab- curst Germany, and she became the ject fear as is the diffusion of light to greatest power on the continent.

the reign of literal darkness. This "The Pope blest the French show-

man, Boulanger, and in less than two dread the special marks of the Pope's weeks he had to flee to Germany for favor with such a history. It would refuge, and became an exile in Guern- be madness to ignore this dreadful sey. The Princess of Brazil, when record and its manifest instruction to near her accouchement,· requested the the Christians of the globe."

interposition of the Pope and his bless- In view of all these facts the writer ing on her child. She received it, and seems to infer not only that the Pope's the child was born deformed. Max- blessing and cursing carries no power, milian was killed a short time after but that they often work contrary re- being blest by the Pope as Emperor of sults, the benediction being as dan- Mexico, and his wife became insane gerous as the malediction. Evidently after going to Rome and receiving the the world is getting impatient of auto- benediction. cratic control.

"August, 1895, the Archbishop of TWO OF OUR EDITORS Damascus, in addressing the Spanish troops at Vittoria when about to start Our esteemed editorial associate, for Cuba, declared that the Pope, like Rev. F. B. Meyer, of London, has re- a new Moses, had raised his hands to cently been elected to the office of heaven and prayed for victory. We President of the World's Sunday- know the result. The Spanish arms, school Association. It is an important the queen regent, and boy king have office, which he will fill with ability had his blessing many times. On the and honor. Doctor Meyer has recently last occasion it was at the commence- resigned his pastorate of Christ Church ment of the Spanish-American war, to take up general work among the and the result was that Spain was mis- churches of England and America.

erably defeated, her navies sunk, her In this work he has been greatly used foreign possessions dropt from her in the past, and we believe that an . grasp, and the once proud leading state open door of service is before him.

in Europe sank into insignificance; Weare pleased to announce the the remnants of her troops returned election of Rev. Louis Meyer, of Cin- home ragged, miserable and sick. cinnati, to our editorial staff. Mr.

"The Grand Bazaar de Charite in Meyer has been for some years a Paris on May 4, 1897, had the papal pastor in Hopkinton, Ia., and has nuncio to deliver the benediction. It more recently been traveling in the in- was scarcely five minutes afterward terests of the Chicago Hebrew Mis- when the building was in flames, and sion, as he is deeply concerned for the nearly one hundred and fifty of the salvation of Israel. He is an author- society ladies of Paris lost their lives. ity on Jewish missions and has for The late Empress of Austria was the some years given editorial assistance recipient of the Golden Rose, accom- by furnishing notes on missions to panied by Leo's blessing. That did Jews, by translations from foreign not pr.otect her from the dagger of the periodicals and by other contributions.

assasstn. We welcome him to a closer fellow- "It is not superstition to regard with ship in our work for Christ. EUROPE student of missions. We quote from it figures concerning Asia, the coun- A Roman Catholic Method of Baptism try in which Roman Catholic mission- z.. ies have been at work for more than The Star of Africa (April), a Ro- 400 years. According to Streit, India man Catholic missionary magazine, (English, British, French, Dutch, contains a story which throws light etc.) contained in 1905: 2,977,500 na- upon the manner in which some Ro- tive Roman Catholic Christians, while man Catholic converts from heathen- 1,677 European priests, 608 European ism are baptized. The writer, a Palot- brothers, and 4,182 European sisters tine monk, says: were at work. The 4,913 schools con- tained 2I 3,722' pupils. It was in Engelberg (a Roman Catholic missionary station in Kamerun). I stood In China, including Tibet, Mongolia in our coco-plantation, watching the la- and Manchuria, there were 931,000 borers, which is a rather monotonous oc- native Roman Catholic Christians, cupation, so that I observed everything that with 1,228 priests, 195 brothers, and happened to pass by. A young woman came 659 sisters of European birth. The upon the scene, crying softly. I asked the 5>433 schools contained 97,042 pupils. cause of her tears, but her answer was: "You can not help me." I told her that In Japan were 59,50:) native Roman white men frequently knew more than black Catholics, with 122 European priests, men, and added, "Tell me your worries and, 74 European brothers, and 173 Euro- if I can, I will gladly help you." Then she pean sisters, while 33 schools con- drew 'oack a cloth, and I saw a newly-born tained 4,628 pupils. child so severely wounded that there was no hope for its recovery. I felt my inability In Korea were 64,000 native Romar. to render assistance, bnt I desired to save Catholics with 44 European priests that child for heaven, and I said to the wom- and 8 European sisters. The 58 an, "Go to the mission and have the child schools contained 578 pupils. baptized." Her harsh answer was, "I will not do it." I reasoned with her, using all We tldd for the better understanding my powers of persuasion, but in vain. Si- of these figures that Raman Catholic lently I prayed to the guardian angel for missionaries came to India near the help. Oh, if I only had a little water with end of the fifteenth century, to China me ! But, alas, I did not' carry any. As I in 1580, to Japan in 1549, and to walked with the woman, trying to change Korea in I754. The total male misher mind, we reached a tiny pond on the sionaries is thus 3,948 and of female road. Suddenly I said to her, "Show me 5,022. The schools number IO,437, the babe once more." She obeyed. I prayed and pupils 315,970. Converts are put to God that He migbt bless the water and down as 4,032,000, but these figtires, my work, and in a moment the babe was of course, include all adherents of the baptized in the name of Mary. In the Roman Catholic Church, however evening I heard that the child had died be- nominal and slight may be their intelfore the wom:l11 reached. the village. She ligence and fidelity to Christ. was not the mother, but had carried the babe to a medicine-man who had been uno' Progress in Italy able to help it. I now understood the woman's unwillingness to have me baptize the When the attitude of the Roman child which was not her own. Yet it was Church in regard to education in Italy wei! as it was, for otherwise the poor crea- and Spain is allowed for, it can not ture would have died unbaptized. but be regarded as a sign of singular progress that a monthly review, La This monk's action and words illus- Vita F emminita I taliana, has ~en trate forcibly the manner in which started at Milan, with the view of many Roman Catholic converts from helping forward female education and heathenism are gained. the improvement of the social and moral as well as the economic condi- Roman Catholic Missionary Statistics tions of the women of Italy. Recent A Roman Catholic missionary atlas has just been published by Father Streit, S. V. D. It covers in its maps and in its statistics the Roman Catholic missions throughout the world and is therefore of great importance for the conferences held in that city have had well known to our readers, who also under consIderation the important know of the blessed revival which the questions of public morality, the duties Lord sent among the native Christians of maternity, the physical and other of that beautiful island. The Society education of girls, the establishment of again closed its year with a deficit, schools for the girls of the poorest smaller than in the two preceding classes, and other subj ects bearing vears, but still a deficit. The deficit of directly upon the material (and in- i905 was $28,500, that of 1906 $5 I ,- directly upon the spiritual) advance- 000, and that of 1907 $24,200 (de- ment of Italian women. The new creased on May 20th to $15,500). Be- movement, to which the review gives sides the call for money to pay this voice, has been organized none too deficit, the Society calls earnestly for soon, and it should prove helpful in lifting the cloud of ignorance which consecrated laborers. So great IS the has been permitted to settle over a very large section of the Italian race. need of men that already one station -Indian Witness. . in the French Kongo has been closed.

Protestantism or Unbelief in Spain Utrecht Missionary Union A correspondent of Evangelical The annual report of this active TIlis- Christendom writes of the changes sionary society is an interesting docunow going on in Spain: ment. It shows that there are em- ployed 16 missionaries in 13 stations Spain to-day is passing through a politico- in New Guinea and the Dutch East religious crisis, of which the end is only Indies (Halmaheira and Buru). The too clear unless gospel truth takes the place missionaries find open doors everyof superstition. The pity of it is that the where and are able to report many dogmas of Christianity are supposed to be conversions. The income of the Union the innovations of Rome, and the result is for 1906 was about $35,000, so that a that the nation rapidly moves toward un- small deficit of $1,600 was incurred. belief. To be an educated man is considered The Missionary Training School in synonymous with being an unbeliever. Rotterdam is especially prosperous Even in the villages the reaction against under the excellent management of Rome is visible, as the churches once filled Dr. H. M. van Nes. The Ladies' Aid are fast emptying, and the priest is con- Society proves of much value, not only sidered a survival of a religion that has lost by its financial contributions, but by its vitality and hold on the minds and con- stirring up interest within the congresciences of men. gations.

On the other hand, the persecution of the The London Society's Work evangelists by the authorities has practically ceased. Indifference, not Christian toler- At the annual meeting of this orance, is largely responsible for the altered ganization it was reported that the last policy, and the conversion of the queen is year's income reached iI75,979, of thrown in their teeth, with the remark: which nearly 132,000 were "raised and "For a crown the queen changed her creed. dispersed at the mission stations. What is your price?" Progress in Spain These stations have 85,388 churchhas been painfully slow. Many who sym- members and 274,285 adherents; while pathize with the reformers were kept away in 1,475 Sunday-schools there are 65,- from the services through fear Df friends 58r scholars, with 90,024 in the dayand acquaintances, but are now becoming schools. The situation in South Africa bolder and attend. The great evil to be received special attention, particularly overcome is no longer the blind, bigoted in view of the movement to federate superstition of the past, but the even more all the South African colonies into one terrible evil of unbelief, which is considered great commonwealth; and the question a necesary concomitant of progress. was asked how this would affect the native races. The natives had the The Paris MiuionlU7 Society right to be there; they were there be- fore the white man came, and they Founded in 1882, this great Society sustains work in Africa (Basutoland, Senegal, French Kongo, Rhodesia, and Madagascar) and in Polynesia. The difficulties which its missionaries in Madagascar have now to face are

GENERAL MISSIONARY

would remain. The new educational Nigeria, areas more recently occupied, institution at Tiger Kloof was justify- abundant fruit is being gathered. The ing hopes, and taking a good place society has been at work beyond the among the training schools of the Zambesi for fourteen years. The piocountry. The important announce- neer missionary party were the first ment was made that the responsible Europeans to enter Mashukulumbwecharge of the old mission stations land, and did so under threat of masestablished in what is now Cape Col- sacre. A remarkable change has come ony is passing entirely into the hands over the social and moral condition of of the Congregational Union of South the people. In Nigeria the church has Africa, and that before long the work before it an open door. During the of the L. M. S. will be limited to past twelve months three new stations Bechuanaland and Matabeleland." have been established and six churches and schoolhouses built. Conspicuous Work of the British Friends in this connection is the magnificent service rendered by the Christian En- The ecclesiastical descendants of deavor societies. George Fox, numbering less than 25,- 000, raised upward of $200,000 for Jewish Missions in Great Britain missions last year, and sustained work in five fields: India, Ceylon, Madagas- The London Jews' Society, greatest car, Syria and China. The mission- of all Jewish missionary societies, held aries number 105, and the native its annual meeting in the large Exeworkers 1,114. There are 261 schools, ter Hall on May 3. The review of the with I 1,924 under instruction. The year shows that the work of the Sochurches formed number 189, the ciety is carried on at 48 missionary church-members 2,798 and the ad- centers in Europe, Asia, Africa, and herents 18,168. America, where 228 missionary agents are employed. Every branch of the British Baptist Missions work has been maintained. with effi- ciency. The educational work has The Baptist Missionary Society re- been productive of much good, and ports that last year was one of remark- the open-air services in London have able success. In India the baptisms been drawing large congregations of numbered 695; in China 686; in Jews. The aggregate income from Africa 736. In all fields (apart from all sources last year amounted to the West Indies) 2,195. There are $195,600, a slightly smaller amount now 961 stations and sub-stations, than the previous year. The Society with 18,606 church-members, and 36,- will celebrate its centenary in Febru- 000 day and Sabbath scholars. More- ary, 1909. over, India, China, Africa, call for more men, more teachers. Never was The Hebrew Christian Testimony the heathen world so rich in opportu- to Israel, founded and carried on by nities for missionary enterprise. Messrs. Baron and Schonberger, held Everywhere we see the open door for its annual meeting on April 8, when the Gospel. its workers in London and Budapest reported much interest in the Gospel Primitive Methodist Missions among the Jews, and hopeful prog- ress. Mr. Baron and one of his work- The first African mISSIOn was ers started on the following day on a planted by this Church in 1870 on the missionary tour in Palestine, where island of Fernando Po, in the deadliest they hope to reach the Jews who have climate and among the most unprom- lately come from Russia. ising tribes on the West Coast. Shortly afterward a mission was commenced The Barbican Mission to the Jews at Aliwal North, Cape Colony, which held its annual meeting on May 16, is to-day the largest and most pro- in St. Paul's Church, Onslow Square. gressive circuit in the connection. In Rev. H. W. Webb-Peploe, the presi- Northwestern Rhodesia and Southern

dent of the Society, took the chair, chow, this work has spread into Yunhaving baptized three young Jews nan, and there times of blessing are just before the meeting. The annual being experienced. During the year report showed earnest and successful no fewer than I,500 people have, in work done during the year in every Kwei-chow alone, been received into department. the church, while there are large num- bers of candidates for admission.•The The London Cit" Missiol1, in work number of baptisms for the whole among the Jews, e-mploys 6 missiona- country was at least 3,600. ries-four among the Jews in the east of London, and two in the west. Many Among other items of exceptional Jews have become inquirers, and some interest mention was made of the fact have been baptized, among them a that at Changteh (Hunan) the native most devout Jew, highly respected by Christians have given to the mission his neighbors, who had withstood property valued at $500, as the cente;' Christ for years. for an out-station. At another cente" a private temple has been transformec, The British]e1t'S' Society commem- into a chapel; while in a village where orated its sixty-fourth anniversary at about one-third of the inhabitants have Exeter Hall on May 10. The secre- become Christians one of the three tary announced that the Society enters public temples has, by mutual consent, . upon another year's work with a seri- been transferred to the converts for ous deficit and that certain vacancies use as a place of worship. in the mission stations can not be filled until the income is considerably in- AMERICA creased. The income for 1906 was $28,- 000. The Society has missions in Great Baptist Conventions Britain, Germany, Austria, Russia, Turkey and Italy. Its work in. Lon- Rev. H. Allen Tupper, D.D., LL.D., don has been especially successful last pastor of the Fifteenth Street Baptist year, and efforts are being made to Church, Brooklyn, sends the followraise money for a building in the west ing notes on "The Great Baptist Con- ventions at 'Washington, Richmond, of London. and Jamestown": The Presbyterian Jewish Mission The month of May, 1907, will ever be Committee reported to the Synod memorable in the history of the American (May 10), and the convener had a Baptists. In three historic places, Washcheering story to tell of success in the ington, Richmond, and on the grounds of breaking down of prejudice and the the Jamestown Exposition, great conventurning of Jewish hearts to Christ, tions of Baptists were held; the spirit of both in Aleppo and in East and West unity and enthusiasm prevailing through- London. A number of Jews have out the sessions. It was estimated that been baptized during the year. over 2,000 visitors were present at the an- niversaries in the national capital. China Inland Mission Report The American Baptist Publication Soci- The income for last year reached ety, in its eighty-second annual report, $226,855 in Great Britain. At the be- showed great prosperity. The periodical ginning of the year the roll contained circulation reached 52,000,000 copies; the the names of 875 workers, while the aggregate receipts in the publishing destations numbered 203. The year has partment for the year were $664,695; and been marked by rich blessing in the the total amount received from all sources field. From a number of districts re- during the year was $866,750. As a result ports have been received of remark- cif the work, in sixteen years, there have able movements of the Holy Spirit. been 5,325 baptisms and 14,000 profest con- The most notable of these was the versions. wonderful spiritual awakening among the aboriginal tribes of the sout~­ The session of the American Baptist western provinces. Beginning in Kwel- Home Mission Society opened with a stir- ring address by Secretary Moorehouse on "Seventy-five years work of the So<:iety," in which he traced the remarkable history of this organization in its evangelization of the waste places in America, from the day

19°7] GENERAL MISSIONARY

of small things, in I832, to this time, when by its missionaries as to the men and the Society is spending over $800,000 a year money they need for caring for their for the uplifting of the ignorant and Christ- part of this great work. From these less, from the Atlantic to the Pacific and reports they are led to ask for 4,000 in Cuba and Porto Rico. Illissionaries and $6,000,000 a year, and 1,000 men, gathered in convention The birth of the Northern Baptist Con- from the length and breadth of the vention makes these May anniversaries for- land ratify the call and pledge themever memorable. For years there has been .selves to answer it. Presbyterianism a growing sense that the Northern Bap- never rendered a greater service to the tists needed an organization more represen- cause of humanity. and Christianity tative and less fragmentary than the ones than in setting this magnificent exthat convened at the "Anniversaries." The arnple.-Indian Witness. Convention was made provisional; it can never be a legislative body; and it will Y.M.C.A. Building Operations merely. give occasion for the denomination to utter its voice on the great questions of This great organization is nothing the day. Governor Hughes was elected its if not aggressive, even upon the matefirst president. rial side of its world-work. In Lon- don a campaign is on foot to raise The Southern Baptist Convention met on $1,000,000 for a great structure in its sixty-second anniversary in the historic memory of Sir George Williams; in capital city of Virginia. It was the largest the city of Mexico they are raising gathering in the history of the body; and $250,000 for a headquarters; in the splendid success of the boards gave in- Buenos Ayres $200,000 for a similar spiration and enthusiasm to the hosts of purpose; in Manila $I 20,000. In Baptists from the South and Southwest. Panama four buildings have recently This Board works in cooperation with the been erected by the government and Colored National Baptist Convention and put under the care of the Association. the American Baptist Home Mission Society in some fields. What the Tract Socie~)" is Doing Most fittingly were the grounds of the A striking view of the many-sided Jamestown Exposition selected as the place Christian work effected by the circulafor the first session of the General Conven- tion of the printed page is presented tion of Baptists of North America. Rep- in the statistics to be found in the anresentatives from Rhode Island and Vir- nual report of the American Tract ginia, where the first b3ttles for religious Society. The messages have reached liberty were fought in our land, were given readers through the hands of evangelprominent parts in the program; and the ists, chaplains, street-preachers, visitpresident of the convention was presented ors to institutions, colporteurs, and with a gavel, the head of which was made other workers among our immigrants. of wood taken from the first Baptist Meet- Libraries have been supplied to educaing House of Providence, R. 1., and the tional institutions, the colored people handle taken from the wood of the first of the South, and frontier towns. Vis- Baptist edifice west of the Mississippi River. itors have gone from home to home The deliverances of the representatives of carrying reading-matter and doing a denomination which includes 50,000 personal work. Colporteurs to the churches, 5,000,000 members and which has number of 104 have been employed invested $Ioo,OOO,OOO in church property, during the year. and $50,000,000 in education, were forceful and influential; and the prospects of this The scope of the work is indicated people are as bright as the promises of by facts in regard to the new publica- ticns, which include a new edition of God. the lIpongwe hymn-book, a life of Christ in Zulu, a grammar and dic- A New Era in Missions tionary in Buluba-Lulua, the language of 10,000,000 in the Kongo Free State. Look around. Ten years ago en- thusiastic students began to talk of evangelizing the world in a generation.

Now a company of influential business men in America have actually begun to send out members of a large com- mittee to inspect the missionary work of the world to see what measures are needed to furnish the proper equip- ment for the evangelization of the world in a generation. Then a great Church has had careful estimates made I

Other tongues represented are German, to learn and speak, in order to do their Spanish, Italian, ~olish, Bohemian, work, more than 30 languages. The Hungarian, Ruthenian, Slovak, the past year the Board sent out 49 new whole list of languages, dialects, and missionaries, of whom 7 are medical characters numbering 174. Millions missionaries.

of copies of periodicals have gone oilt, The Board has now under its care and the literature for free distribution 1,145 educational institutions. These represented 34,818,000 pages of tracts. include schools of all grades from the Baptiata e.nd the Negroes primary up to the university. The total number of scholars in the schools The American Baptist Home Mis- is 36,924, and the total number of con- sion Society does a great work on be- versions in the various churches of the half of the negroes of America, par- missions was 1 1,106. The Board has ticularly in the direction of Christian 139 principal stations, 2,062 out-sta- education. It expends $190,000 annu- tions, 889 American missionaries, ally, and about 70,000 pupils have been 3,129 native workers, including or- enrolled in its schools. Thousands of dained men, licentiates, helpers and these pupils have been converted while teachers, 441 organized churches, with in the schools, and some have become 70447 communicants.

ministers, some missionaries. Fore- The total receipts from all sources, most in the ranks of the negro Baptists churches, Sunday-schools, Young Peo- ~f the United States are men and ple's socit;ties, individuals and legacies, women who studied in these institu- for the year were $1,227,931.

tions. Philanthrophy iB New York City American Board Items Few people comprehend the magni- The American Board has received a tude of philanthropic work in a great large legacy from the estate of George city like New York. The directory of H. Weston, of Boston, the exact charitable societies fills a volume of amountof which is not yet determined. 800 pages and contains the names of But something over $100,000 will be r,405 nonreligious organizations, as available this year, with more to fol- follows: low. Under the new rule for legacies Societies for prevention of evil. ……. 3II only one-third will be expended this Care of needy in their homes……. .. 473 year. The benefit thus will be spread Relief for the sick……………….. I36 over a series of years. Relief for adult poor…………….. lIS The Board reports a steady growth Sanitary improvement ……………. 1I3 of the "Conditional Gift Fund." This Relief for the defective…………… 52 Homes for neglected children.. . . . . . . . . 74 is an arrangement whereby persons Relief for sick children…………… I9 convey property on which it pays them Employment agencies ……………. 38 an annuity. At death the property at Reformatories for adults. . . . . . . . . . . . .. SS once becomes available. The "Condi- Reformatories for children………… 39 tional Gifts" now amount to nearly Nearly 1,000 men and women re- $700,000, and scarcely a week goes by ceive salaries, and about as many more without some such offer. They come devote their time and strength to the in sums ranging from a few hundred work without remuneration.

dollars to many thousands. Many be- Southem Presbyterian AdvanCfl come so pleased with the working of the plan that they keep adding to their The Foreign Mission Board of the gifts. Southern Presbyterian Church now has an income of about $275,000 a Presbyterian Mission Work year. The report to the General As- The Board of Foreign Missions of • sembly this year asks that this be in- the Presbyterian Church in the United creased to $r ,000,000, in order to en- States has 27 missions in 16 different large their force so as to make possible lands, and its missionaries are required the evangelization of about 25,000,000

MISSIONARY

of people. The membership of the This school is one of the best in Church is 250,000. This advance Palestine, and with its earnest corps of would call for an average of four dol- teachers is greatly helping in the lars per member. The newly-organized training of Christian leaders in the. Laymen's Missionary Movement en- land now opprest by the tyranny of dorsed this proposed advance and the Turk. Mr. Kelsey deserves the pledged itself to cooperate in securing generous support of Christians of all it. The Movement is in the hands of creeds. some of the strongest laymen of the South, and has every prospect of great Is New England to Become Catholic? success. It was deemed essential to the largest success that a secretary be The Pilot, calling attention to the secured at once to give his whole time centenary next year of the creation of to the work. It was decided to do this, a Roman Catholic bishop for Boston, and $2,200 a year for two years was and to the fact that Archbishop Willpledged on the spot for this purpose. iams now sees 8 dioceses where he only No difficulty is anticipated in in- saw I when a youth in Boston, claims creasing this amount to $4,000 or sixty-five per cent. of the population $5,000 a year. of Boston as Roman Catholic, and the Catholic population of New England Indians Better Than White Men as 2,087,585. There have been few more striking alterations of status in It is claimed that the best elements history than the present condition of Roman Catholics in New England, and in the recent Oklahoma Constitutional they are to be led, if Archbishop-elect O'Connell's life is spared during the Convention had the Indian delegates next generation or more, by a very able, resourceful, intellectual leader. as their core of intellectual and ethical Work for French Canadians authority, men educated in missionary Many of the French Canadians are schools and at Princeton, Yale and fine people, but many more are ex- tremely ignorant and superstitious- Harvard, the fruit of home missions without God and without true hope in this world or the next. A little book, and Christianization of the American entitled "The Priest," published at Masson, Quebec, with the approbation Indian. Commenting on this fact the of the Archbishop of Ottawa, is blas- Nashville Christian Advocate says: phemolls and dangerous in its teach- ings as to the place which the priest Practically all of these men spent their is said to occupy, even more important boyhood in mision-schools. Before they than that of Mary or Jesus Christ. For could go to Princeton or to Harvard or to example, the author says: "Every- Yale they had to get the rudiments of an thing has come by the priest . . . education. They had even to acquire a taste God's benefits are of no account withand a longing for an education. It was the out the priest." missionary, patiently delving for these hidden treasures, laboriously dealing, one by one, Presbyterians, Methodists, Angelwith the shy and stolid individuals-parents icans and Baptists are working to first, children later-who laid the founda- give these benighted and misguided tion for the present noteworthy results. The souls the true light of life. One of the Indian gentleman; alert, well-trained, wel!- successful Baptist agencies is "The dressed, able to take care of himself in an Grande-Ligne Mission" of Quebec, important deliberative body, wearing the where the spirit of the people is repdecorations of scholarly societies and the resented by a statue of Loyola crushair of a thoroughly educated American, at- ing out the life'of the Protestant Reftracts the attention and the admiration of ormation. This mission has had much the correspondent of the metropolitan newspaper.

Palestine Missionaries in America Mr. and Mrs. A. Edward Kelsey of the Friends' Mission at Ramallah, Pal- estine, have recently returned to the United States on account of Mrs. Kel- sey's ill health. While here Mr. Kel- sey is seeking to raise the mopey for much-needed buildings for the boys'

school. ' success but finds great difficulty from ever, seeking to stem the tide, rescue of riots, the Roman Catholic priests and the individuals and build lighthouses lack money to carryon the work. to reveal the danger points. Many The Grande-Ligne Mission has, kinds of buildings are brought into since r835, organized and maintained requisition for services. Sheds, school- Feller Institute, and at different times houses, tents, dwellings, meSS-fooms, 14 other schools in the Province of etc. Separate meetings are held for Quebec. In these schools over 7,000 whites and blacks. The Episcopalians young people have been educated; 60 use a small church in Colon, erected have become missionaries, IS have la- by the Panama Canal Company, and bored in the Umted States and 6 upon have built another in Panama. The the foreign field. Many have become Wesleyans have now a roomy build- teachers, about 40 physicians, 12 uni- ing, including a mission house, in versity professors, and many others Colon, and worship in' a large railway have entered other professions. warehouse in Panama. There are three It is operating through its mission- other small churches in the Canal aries and colporteurs in about 50 Zone, but "what are these among so parishes in Quebec and Ontario, and many?" S. M. Leveridge of the Bap- until recently in ,Manitoba and Nova tist Church, is working among the ne- Scotia. groes in five stations: Paraiso, Cule- The Grande-Ligne churches re- bra, Las Cascadas, Matachin, and Fri- ported, at their associational gathering joles.

in June, forty-five baptisms, and con- The Y.M.C.A. is also proving a tributions amounting to $3,854.42 ior blessing to government employees in all purposes-about seven dollars per Panama. The United States Govern- member. ment has not hesitated to subsidize it The' missionaries made over 2,500 on the ground that it is the duty of missionary and pastoral visits last year the government to preserve the moral and entered 6,736 houses to offer the as well as the physical health of the Word of God.* builders of the great waterway. The Protestants in Mexico Y.M.C.A. is the best available agency, the one with the greatest experknce According to latest reports the Prot- and success. estant denominations having missions in Mexico have 187 missionaries, 207 Baptiat Mission to SOuth America native preachers, 267 teachers and na- The Baptists of England propose a tive helpers, and 22,369 church-mem- new mission to the Aborigines of bers. It is estimated that these mis- South America, provided for by the sions represent a total Protestant pop- bequest of Mr. Arthington. This will ulation of from 60,00::)' to I I I ,000, out make the South American Mission a of Mexico's 14,000,000 inhabitants. practical issue. It starts with $10,000 The value of Protestant church mis- and has the promise of more. A comsion property has reached the sum of mittee is to be appointed to investigate the mission to the heathen tribes of $1,668,000.

Religion in Panama "The Neglected Continents." Keen Most of those who g-o to the Canal ,observers believe that South America Zone seem to become inoculated with in the near future is to be the great conthe virus of irreligion. They soon tinent. It is twice the size of Europe, follow the crowd in using the day for twice the size of China, four times as pleasure without a tinge of Chris- large as India, and contains one-eighth of the land surface of the world. tianity. Various churches are at work, how- In it are more than 300 tribes which are at present uncivilized. There is *' AU contrIbutions to he sent to David Bentley, no work known among them save that Treasurer G. L. M., r06 :r-.otre Dalne street West Montreal. p, O. Bo..: 96. among the Chaco Indians in Paraguay. This will be the first effort so the structure, which is substantially far as the Mission knows of any mod- built, is of brick coated with white ern missionary society that will un- plaster. Broad verandas surround the dertake this work. The difficulty to be entire building, which contains 19 determined is whether to attempt to separate wards as well as several other reach these tribes from the south, the rooms. The story of how the hospital east or the west. There are 1,300,000 came to be erected is of somewhat ex- Indians in Brazil, 800,000 of whom ceptional interest; we are told that it are uncivilized. By way of the Ama- was built by funds contributed almost, zon it is easier to reach these tribes if not entirely, by non-Christian Hin- from England than known anywhere dus, many of them men of wealth, who else in the civilized world. The H cr- felt greatly indebted to Doctor Van Allen (who is in charge at the present ald says: time) for the medical and surgical aid "Difficulties are but food to brave he had rendered to them personally or to their friends. The funds were given men. In comparison with the Kongo, by these Hindus without any condithe approach is simplicity itself, and tions whatever, with the clear underhaving conquered the one shall we standing that it was to be a Christian be baffled by the other? It will be in- institution, in which the Gospel' was to deed a singular thing to find ourselves be preached daily and the Bible taught on two rubber rivers."

ASIA in all the wards. The hospital is open The Progress of Indian Women day and night for the treatment of the It is significant that such facts sick, and patients come long distances should be true and be recorded in an Indian daily journal as are noted in for such treatment. The value of such this paragraph from the Indian Mirror: an institution, not merely from an V,'hile we have been all congratulating humanitarian but from a Christian point of view, can not readily be esti- mated. .

ourselves on the awakening of our women, Liberality of the Karen Christians it is really pleasing to find H. H., the Begum of Bhopal, taking occasion to discant on the The Indian National Missionary lJ;- advantages of education among her subjects. telligcnccr says: "The following facts We have few female ruling chiefs in India, concerning one of the Karen churches and the Begum of Bhopal and her predeces- sors from her grandmother downward have in Burma are too valuable to be albeen distinguished for their educational at- lowed to be lost. In a certain district tainments and statesmanship. The speech there are 13,000 church-members. she made at the Alexandra Nobles' School They give annually Rs. 73,823 for is one of which even an educated prince would be proud. The speech· itself fur- self-support, meeting thereby all the nishes another illustration of India's prog- expenditure on pastors, evangelists, ress, and the womankind of India ought to theological seminary, students and feel proud of counting such a noble woman teachers. Besides this, they contribute as the Begum as one of them. Education among Mohammedan women is proceeding Rs. 6,450 for their home missionary apace, and it is really a pleasure to read society, the women alone making Rs. some of the articles contributed oy some 2,600. They also support two workers Mohammedan women to the pages of the among the Kachins; Rs. 100,000 has Indian Ladies' lvfaga:::ine of Madras. With such enlightened leaders as the Maharani been collected for an endowment of of Baroda and the Begum of ·Bhopal, the their church fund. The missionary infuture of India's women appears to be very formed us that the people w:JI also bright. contribute their share toward the Nac tional Missionary Society of India. A Fine Hospital in India A recent number of the Missionary ille wonder if there is one mission dis- Herald gives a picture of the hospital trict in India that can in any way ap- at Madura. It represents a building proach this in gifts for the kingdom of .

of exceptionally pleasing appearance; God." The Tibetan Sacred Book for union which are already found in partial operation in India, the Philip- The Tibetan Kah-gyur, or Sacred pines, Korea, Japan and South Book, which corresponds to our Bible, Africa." consists of lOS volumes of 1,000 pages each, containing 1,083 separate books. Arthur H. Smith, one of the ablest Each of the volumes weighs IO pounds, of missionaries, expresses a similar and forms a package 26 inches long, judgment. He says the dominant note 8 inches broad, and 8 inches deep. of the conference has been that of This book requires a dozen yaks unity and progress. "Advantage was (oxen) for its transport, and the taken of the opportunity for holding carved wooden blocks from which it union meetings of groups closely reis printed need rows of houses, like a lated by faith and polity, in advance of city, for their storage. A tribe of the conference itself, and this in sev- Mongols paid 7,000 oxen for a copy eral instances paved the way for furof this book. In addition to the book ther and wider action. Thus the itself, there are 225 volumes of com- Anglican bodies, the Church Mismentaries, which are necessary for its sionary Society, the Church of Engunderstanding. There is also a large land mission (high church) and the collection of revelations which supple- American Protestant Episcopal misment it. sion, met for the first time and took forward steps, the results of which it The Great Theme at Shanghai is too early to forecast. The eleven different Presbyterian bodies have car- Harlan P. Beach writes to the Con- ried a step further the organization of gregationalist that the dominant factor their groups, similar action being in of the Conference and its main con- progress for other denominations. The tribution to the missionary enterprise conference has voted without opposiwas the spirit of unity and federation tion to encourage the formation of which culminated in the reports of the such general units with a view to a committees on the Chinese Church, larger union later on, this being reand that on Comity and Federation. garded as a first and an important "While at times the feeling was tense step. The committee on federation as the differentiae in faith and practise will recommend the formation of local of the fifty odd societies represented and provincial councils of Chinese were brought to the touchstone of Christians regardless of denominaunity, a prevailing atmosphere of tional lines, and out of these it is hoped prayer and brotherliness came off vic- may be developed a national council, torious, and the conference recom- flexible yet efficient to promote a sense mended the formation of a union un- of common interests to be promoted der the name, The Christian Federa- in a common way." tion of China. This vote, with its implications and the result arrived at What Milne Dared to Hope concerning the native Christian church, now numbering 178,251 baptized mem- Had Robert Morrison been perbers led by 3,445 missionaries, consti- mitted in his day to look in upon one tute the greatest object-lesson in of the sessions of the Shanghai Con- Christian unity and cooperation to be ference, he would have thought himfound in the mission world. Its self suddenly transported to some strongest advocates and abettors were mount of transfiguration. Milne, his the Anglicans, whose chief spokesmen associate, estimated, as the record were the American bishops, Roots and shows, that at the rate of progresl' Graves: The indigenous church has then reached it was reasonable to hope now before it a bright future, and that in one hundred years China would missionaries from other lands will find have 1,000 converts. The hundred the deliverances of this conference years have just expired, and instead of most helpful in developing the schemes 1,000 the various missions report 178,-

GE~ERAL MISSIONARY

0::)0 cOlllmunicants and about 800,000 city. Standing on the "five-storied pagoda" which is located on the highest point ~f adherents.. ground in the region, one secures a view of Morrison s Debt to America. the vast metropolis which is not easily for- gott~n. ~[he minimum estimate of the pop- Tho much has recently been spoken ulatlOn IS 2,000,000 souls, but many give and written concerning the sublime larger figures, and if Fah Tay, across the venture made bv Robert :Morrison a river, related as Brooklyn to Manhattan be hundred years ago, probably few are included, probably the total would appro'ach aware of the fact that but for Amer- 3,000,000. A new "Bund" is being built ican sympathy and cooperation his which will extend the full length of the work for China wOllle! have been im- river front. The foreign settlement, known possible. No British ship coulc! take as Sha Meen, is like a beautiful piece of him to China, and hence he journeyed Europe set down at the edge of China. via X cw York Cit,·, in an American vessel; his passag~ was paid by an The largest missionary enterprise in this American Presbyterian elder, and he province is conducted by the Presbyterian could only live in China as an Amer- Church, but about a dozen other agencies ican citizen. are at work, including the London Mission- ary Society, the Southern Baptists, the American Board, the English Wesleyan and others.

A Strange Spectacle for China Robert Morrison and Seamen A letter in the London S peetalor by The one hundreth anniversary of • Bishop Maule, of mid-China, now in the beginning of Protestant missions the fiftieth year of his missionary in .China and the work of caring for service in China, tells of a concert seamen are closely related. The ro- given in a Church Missionary Society mantic storY of the life and work of hall in Hangchow, in aid of the famine Robert l'IIo;rison, the pioneer mission- relief fund. It was planned by Mr..

ary, reveals the force and foresight of Chou, a native Presbyterian, and ac- the man in his establishing a Seamen's tively supported by missionaries of Rest in China. If the merchants, more than one Christian church, bv the traders and diplomats are scarcely able officers of a native regiment, by -J ap- to stand the temptations of a heathen anese residents, and members of the city, how can we expect the sa.ilors to leading Chinese families of the city.

walk uprightly and keep in the ways Every ticket was eagerly bought, and of right living? The pioneer mission- the audience numbered 1,000. At the ary saw the evil effects of allowing close contributions were invited for the seamen to wander aimlessly about the famine fund, and upward of $400 on shore leave when the crafty Chinese were handed in. "I have lived," wrote were ready to supply them with cheap Bishop :Maule, "to see many unlooked distilled spirits to inflame the animal for changes in unchanging China, but passions of the men. Wise man that none more surprizing or more hopeful he was, he did not denounce their sins for the future than this first public or preach to the men; he set about to concert, which united in friendly co- win them from the places of evil by operation, with a charitable object, establishing a "trap for their good." four nationalities, three or four Chris- He opened a coffee shop in a conspicu- tian denominations, and non-Chris- ous place and posted up bills inviting tians, both Chinese and Japanese."

the sailors to come to the place of Missionary Attacked in China cheer. S. Pollard, of the Bible Christian ClUna's Largest City Mission, was severely beaten by Chinese and Aborigines in the province Rev. Howard A. Johnston writes: Canton is the largest city in Asia. It is of Yunnan, about midnight on the spread over an immense stretch of land and roth of April. At first it was thought water, for most of the Chinese houses arc that the wounds were mortal; but Mr. only one story high, and thousands of the James Stark, of the China Inland regular population live in the boats that crowd the rivers and canals of the great Mission, writes that the doctor after-

ward expected him to recover: We helper confest to still larger transactions of have not vet received details with like nature. He mortgaged his property to regard to this sad occurrence; but the . make it square. Another, with tears streamdeepest sympathy is felt for lVlr. Pol- ing and broken voice, confest, among other lard, as also for Mrs. Pollard, now in sins, to having taken some cigars and some England. money ten years ago from one who had loved him. As he tried to tell of his guilt For Better Treatment of the Chinese he cried out, "Oh ! it was my sins that drove the cruel nails; it was these hands of mine At the great Centennial Missionary that prest that crown of thorns into Christ's Conference in Shanghai, made up of precious brow!" The friend whose money delegates and visitors from all parts he had taken has been in America for some of China, the following resolution of- years; so he asked the missionaries to hunt fered by Rev. E. W. Thwing, of him up so that he could be paid back. Honolulu, was unanimously adopted: Tokens of Good in Korea Whereas it is most desirable in the interests of Christian Mission Work in China Three facts concerning religious that most friendly feelings continue be- conditions in Korea especially imprest tween China and other nations with a view W. T. Ellis, of the Philadelphia Press, to decreasing possible causes of irritation who recently made a tour of that occasioned by the restrictions placed on country. Mr. Ellis exprest himself as Chinese emigration to other lands: Re- follows: solved, that this Conf~rel1ce urges the Christian people in the lands where these re- 1. The receptivity of the Korean toward strictions are enforced, to do all in their Christianity in eagerness and sincerity. z. power to promote a kindly and friendly The thoroughness of the work of the mistreatment of the Chinese who come to these sionary and the vigilance with which the countries. church-membership is guarded. 3. The re- markable fact that the missionary has no A "straw vote" of Americans on time to go after people or to do any pioneer the S.S. M oltgoiia, en route from San evangelistic work; the Church is propa- Francisco to Yokohama, developed gating itself. Here, in two decades, has only one opposer, and he a Californian, been created a native Church that is wholly to a petition appealing to the Amer- self-supporing and self-extending. I have ican Government and people to apply 110 doubt that if the present missionary restrictions of immigration impartially force in Korea were quadrupled or sexto all races. tupled at once, practically the whole nation would become Christian in less than a score of years.

A Remarkable Revival The Hosts of Students in Japan Rev. W. M. Junkin, of Chunju, Mr. John B. Sleman, of Washing- ton, D. C, a member of Mt. Pleasant Korea, writes of his field as follows: Congregational Church, has been making a tour of the Orient with Mr. But the great thing for this quarter is the S. W. Woodward, a merchant of revival. At the rlasses and in country Washington. He speaks of the fact groups meetings h .ve been held, wonderfully blest by God. I shall try to describe that there are 80,000 Japanese and one of them, the meeting at Chunju. This 20,000 Chinese students in Tokvo, and meeting lasted about two weeks. A daily remarks: "We scarcely remember any noon prayer-meeting for natives and for- impression so striking as that which eigners was well <lottended. An afternoon came to us in Tokyo when we saw, day prayer-meeting for missionaries, sometimes after day, processions of students lasting half an hour; again, two or more passing, sometimes in a single drove, hours. At night, after much prayer, two thousands of young men going to and sermons. Then waiting before God. Scon from their recitations with books in one and another began to be convicted of their hands. There has probably never sin. Women would attempt to confess sins been such a situation in the history of and break into weeping. Men began to be the world with regard to the education moved in the same way. One woman con- of the youth of two empires as that fest to lying and stealing. Another the sin which obtains in Tokyo to-day." of living as a concubine, deciding to leave her husband. One of our helpers confest to having taken a sum of money for helping a fellow Christian in a law case. He sold his home to clear his conscience. Another

MISSIONARY

The Doshisha's New President publishing houses and printing estab- lishments. North of the equator Egypt There is rejoicing in Japan over the has more missionaries than any other choice of Rev. Tasuku Harada as the region; the West Coast countries come new president for the Doshisha. It is next. In South Africa, Cape Colonv thought his coming marks the dawn has the largest number of missionarie~, of a new era for the college, and tho Transvaal and Uganda have crowns the effort of the Japanese who the largest number of native assistants. have given themselves so nobly for its upbuilding during the years since the Fifty years ago, Krapf, the missionunfortunate experiences of the later ary, was laughed at for his dream of '90's. All are looking- with confidence a chain of missions across Central to Mr. Harada for the zeal and ability Africa, from ocean to ocean. Now his to fulfill the N eesima ideal. dream has come true. Thirty years ago Uganda was a pagan state, where AFRICA savagery was rampant. Now, as the result of a most heroic struggle, of its The American Mission in Egy~~ 700,000 inhabitants, 360,000 are strong Christians. In Cape Colony, where The United Presbyterians entered Moravian missionaries tried to work Egypt more than fifty years ago, and nearly two centuries ago, they were have met with continual success. But treated as criminals for attempting to the last decade (18<)5-1906) has wit- teach the blacks. Now Cape Colony nessed marked progress in every di- alone bas 700,000 Protestant Chrisrection; for example, in the church, tians, and 200,000 of these are colored. which has grown from 4,554 members to 9,349 ; in the educational work, The Qua Iboe Mission in Nigeria which touches 15,45 I lives as against 7,975 at the beginning of the period. Some 30 miles west of the mouth of the Cross River the Qua Iboe River A very good way to illustrate the enters the Bight of Benin. There an growth of this period is by drawing Irish. interdenominational mISSIOn, rectangles on paper or blackboard. with its headquarters in Belfast, has Let all rectangles have a base of ten been laboring for about 20 years. Ininches; one, two and a fourth inches dustrial, medical and educationa:I work high would represent the native church has been gradually developed. There in 1895; another, four and three-fifths are now I2 Europeans at work uninches high would represent the der the superintendence of Mr. Bill, church in 1906; another, four inches with 17 native helpers. The work is high would represent the extent of the manifestly prospering. Last year educational work in 1895; another, there were 83 baptisms; the number is seven and seven-tenths inches high now 913, and there are 299 inquirers. would represent the extent of the mis- There are about 770 scholars under sion school work to-day. instruction, and about 13,000 patients were ,treated. The native contribu- Concerning the Dark Continent tions amounted to £260.

Europe, India, China, and the A War Correspondent on African Missions Vnited States could all be laid down on the map of Africa and still have Edgar Wallace, the war correspondsome room left around the margins. ent of the LGlndon Daily Mail, who This huge continent has now 2.470 has been taking a tour through the missionaries, with 13,08<) native as- Kongo country, wrote in the highest iiistants. There are 4,789 places of terms on what he saw of the Kongo legular worship, 221,156 church-mem- Balolo Missions. He says in part: bers, and 527,790 profest Christians. There are in Africa 3,937 missionary I know missionaries in the South, I have schools, with 202,390 pupils. There seen their work in Cape Colony and Rhoare 95 hospitals and dispensaries, 16 desia, I know them in the North and East, and what the missionaries have done I can see with my eyes, and seeing, I am prouder Mission Work a.t Lovedale of my country and my countrymen and women, than ever I have been before. No How much is included in evangeli- battle I have witnessed, no prowess of arms, zing work is seen in the fact that in no exhibition of splendid courage in the a single issue of the Lovedale Chris- face of overwhelming odds, has inspired me tian Erpre.Js were articles on The as the work of these outposts of Chris- Need of Commercial Training for the tianity. . . . Natives; Industrial and Higher Edu- cation; and The Nemesis of Social People who talk glibly of "work in the Exclusiveness. The aim is not merely missionary field" are apt to associate that to convert, but to lift to Christian work with house to house visitations, and maturity, to fashion Christian Society. devotional services, and the distribution of charity; but in reality it means all these The Great Livingstonia Mission things, plus the building of the houses one visits, building of the churches in which one A Moravian bishop has recently worships, the inculcation in the native of a made a visit to the Livingstonia of the spirit of manliness, which renders charity United Free Church of Scotland, on superfluous. the west shores of Lake Nyasa. He says: Somebody told me that there was a difficulty in getting men and women for the The plateau on which the mission stamissionary work in Kongoland. Speaking frankly as a man of the world I do not tion is located is 3,000 feet above the l ahkae~ wonder. I would not be a missionary on and a windin g for. ox wagons the Kongo for 15,000 a year. That is a road worldly point of view. I do not think it is a v<;ry high standpoiQt It is a simple con- been recently constructed to connect the feSSIOn that I prefer the "flesh pots of Egypt" to the self-sacrifice and devotion mission with the lake. We found at Florthat the missionary life claims. Yet, were I a good Christian, and were I a missionary ence Bay, on a plateau 3,000 feet above hesitating in my choice of a field, I would say with Desdemona, "I do 'perceive, here, the lake, a village ·school, a manidddleanscheovoel~ a divine duty." a seminary for -teachers, A New Situation ln South Africa ning school for the apprentices of the South Africa is slowly recovering various trades carried on here. There from the effects of the war. Great are 77I native pupils, belonging to changes have resulted, an.d a new situation has arisen. Recognizing the fact eight or nine different tribes, and that the black races altogether out- taught by a small company of devoted number the whites, that they thrive missionaries. In the large room used for and multiply and must be accepted as a permanent majority of the popula- evening schoor, 200 scholars were being tion, those responsible for the govern- taught, tn an adjoining room 20 older perment are beginning to realize that education, industrial training, and the so! sons. were' receiving religious instruction; cial uplifting of the native races is a sine qua non of a prosperous, peace- and in the dining-room the students in the ful, and law-abiding community. seminary were being prepared in' the les- Even in South Africa pressure is sons to be taught the next morninfs In brought to bear upon the missions. to improve and develop their educational the afternoon these students are at work agencies so as to meet this recognized need. To this the missionaries are in the field or the shop. There is' a large now devoting much time and thought. carpenter's shop and a printing establish- The easy rate of progress (of which ment. Here many primer9 of the various the ox-wagon was the fitting symbol) that once sufficed no' longer satisfies. dialects and many copies of the Gospels Large editions of school-books are printed and find a ready sale. The in- have been printed. The trades taught are stitution at Tiger Kloof is taking a those which are most useful in Africa.

good place. However, all these undertakings are in- tended especiaily to prepare the natives for an intelligent reception of Christianity.

In the principal mission stations and in the. immediate neighborhood there are 444 schoqls, taught by over 900 native teachers; and the complete enrolment is 33,000, with an average attendance of 22,000. Only those who believe that these Africans can be won for God, and who love to labor in this field, could have been able to bring about such remarkable results. The re- cently organized Konde Church nUl:nbers 3,000 Christians, and as many ca~dldates for baptism. And this number mIght be much greater if the missionaries did not refuse to make it too easy to gain admIt- tance to the Church.

MISSIOKARY INTELLIGEl'ICE

God's Work in Bunyoro ed to be showing a similar desire to Bunyoro, beside Uganda in Central be enrolled in the Christian Church Africa, was, in the old days under and the missionaries are unable t~ Kabarega, a kingdom of slave-raiders, care for them all.

unreached by the Gospel. Kabarega Image Burning in the Philippines was driven out by the Baganda under British officers in 1894, and in the An interesting and significant cerenext year Baganda teachers com- mony took place recently in the town menced their work in the country. of Saravia. Converts of the Amer- Four years later, when the Rev. A. B. ican Baptist Mission resolved to burn Fisher first began work in Bunyoro, th~ images they had formerly worthere was not a single convert. Now shiped, and held a service in the there are nearly 1,900 Christians, of chapel, at which Exodus xx. 4, 5 was whom 440 are communicants. In Mr. carefully read and explained by the Fisher's own station, Hoima, 200 adult pastor, who writes: "Immediatelv afconverts and 60 children were bap- ter the meeting the brethren took the tized last year. On Christmas Day images, which had been put under the there were 260 communicants at the table in !he chapel during the service, service, and they brought, together and carned them out into the marketwith about 400 others, thank-offerings place, wh.ere I burnt them-three large which amounted to ·Rs. 80. The men wooden Images of Christ, two Saint show a remarkable keenness for learn- Nimos, one winged San Vincente one ing, and the most important chiefs in San Nichol<l;s, two Virgins, five' picthe country do not consider it beneath tures of samts, one holy belt, and their dignity to sit at the desks as some holy leaves of the palm tree. pupils whenever their duties to the There were about 300 people in the State will allow them. market-place and they were very much astonished. Some of them ISLANDS OF THE SEA were angry, and some were afraid."- Baptist Missionary Magazine.

Urgent to be Baptized At the close of a quarterly confer- Destruction of a Miuionary Station ence held at Orani, Philippine Islands, the presiding elder was approached by Hope VaHey, a station of the Neuena young man who a.;;ked if he would dettelsau Missionary Society in baptize some people who were pres- Queensland, Australia, has been visent. As it was late in the day, the ited by a most destructive tornado. presiding elder suggested that they The fourteen buildings were ruined, wait until the followins- morning when but none of the missionary laborers, others were to be baptized. The were killed. The awful power of the young man responded that these peo- storm is illustrated by the fact that ple had come all the way from Dina- two men were lifted six feet into the air and carried about thirty yards.

lupijan, nine miles distant, and must MISCELLANEOUS return that night. They had heard Missionary Children that the presiding elder would be at Orani that day, and six men, a woman It is a striking fact that nearly one- and a boy had walked all that dis- third of the missionaries of the Amertance to be baptized. When asked ican ~oard in India and Ceylon are why they had come so far, one of them the children or grandchildr~n of mis- said: "Pastor, we have given up all sionaries who were sent out by the things for Jesus, and we believe on Board two, or three generations ago.

}.lim. Therefo~e, we want to be bap- In the 3 India missions, including Cey- tIzed and received into the Metho- lon, there are now 95 American la- dist Church." Multitudes of people borers, 19 of whom were children and in the Philippine Islands are report- I I grandchildren-3D in all-of mis-

sionaries, most of whom have ended missionaries. Who have been the their earthly labors. The spirit of chief explorers of Oceanica, America, consecration which was in the fathers and Asia? The missionaries. Who and mothers has entered into their de- discovered the famous Nestorian scendants. They have taken up the monument in Si-ngan-fu? A missionwork of their parents not because it ary. vVho discovered the stiU more was easv or remunerative in a worldlv famous Moabite stone? A missionsense, for the hardships of the mi;- ar,. Who discovered the Hittite insionary life were well known to them, scriptions ? A missionary. but because the God of their fathers had blest them by inspiring them ARCHDEACON FARRAR. with the same high ideals of Christian service which led their progenitors in- Are Missions Quixotic? to the missionary work. John Wesley was about to go to Not a Siege. but an Allault Georgia as a Ipissionary on behalf of the S.P.G., and an unbeliever said to Mr. A. W. Whitley, of Halifax, was him, "vVhat is this? Are you one of the lay member of a deputation sent the knights errant? How, pray, got last year to India by the London Mis- this quixotism in your head ? You sionary Society. In giving his im- want nothing, have a good provision pressions after his return, he said: for life, and prospect of preferment; and must you leave all to fight wind- We seem to have almost lost the note of mills-to convert savages in Amera church militant. In India we seem to be ica?" Wesley answered calmly: "Sir, like a besieging army, subject perhaps to if the Bible be not true, I am a those dangers which the general of a be- fool and madman as you can conceive; leaguering force would most fear for his but if it is true, I am sober-minded. men-the loss of the note of attack, of For He has declared: "There is no man desperate courage, owing to prolonged and who hath left house, or friends,. or tedious siege and hope often deferred. Per- brethren, for the kingdom of God's haps missionary societies will some day sake, who shall not receive manifold come to recognize the "warfare" analogy more in this present time, and in the as so perfect and applicable that the:,- will world to come life everlasting.''' in conference lay down the strategy for the allied forces against the enemies of What Is Easily Possible Christ's kingdom. For the conditions which obtain in India, by common consent, the In his new book on missions, Bishop siege seems to be the approved method Bashford has the following optimistic rather than frontal attack; and yet per- paragraph which is well worth ponpetual siege unrelieved by occasional attack dering over: in force is not good for soldiers. I have sometimes thought we might revive the In view of the increasing rate of modern idea of a campaign-a holy warfare. There Christian progress, the evangelization of is inspiration in such a thought, and ad- the race in the present generation is within mittedly the work calls only fot those who, the range of possibiI;ties. In China, Morlike soldiers; count not their lives dear unto rison needed 27 years to win his first three themselves. converts to Christ. Our own church needed 10 years to persuade the first na- The Debt of Science to Missions tive of China to be baptized. Upon the other hand, the lives of a r,ooo people Is it nothing that through their la- were surely being transformed in Methobor in the translation of the Bible the dist colleges alope, 2,000 more in boarding German philologist in his study may 5chools, 5,000 more in day-schools, while have before him the grammar and 40,000 inquirers came to onr churches, and vocabulary of 250 lang-uages? Who r60,000 came to our hospitals for help in created the science of anthropology? body and soul. And yet our church was The misisonaries. Who renderell pos- doing only one-fifth of the work accomsible the deeply important science of plished by Protestant Ch ristianity in comparative religion? The mission- China last 'ca r. The earlv missionaries in aries. Who discovered the great chain China wouitl have looke(l upon any such of lakes in Central Africa, on which results as miracles. will turn its future destiny? The

GENERAL MISSTONARY

The Greatest Things Iieved, and felt the need of constantly strengthening his faith by drawing living The deepest needs of the world are water from the Word and from divine spiritual needs. One man invested Grace. $100,00:) in India. It resulted in the conversion of 50,000 in that district Enrolled in the Army of Christ, he be- -one soul saved for every two dol- lieved in the coming of His kingdom in lars invested. This was better than Italy, and for this end he devoted to it to have founded Chicago University all his peculiar gifts referred to' above. He or to have given $32,000,000 to the kept back nothing for himself, but offered general education fund. Christ's all to his Master whom he loved with the standard of greatness was service. love that not only gives but gives itself. On the Kongo a man's value is estimated in cattle; on the Hudson, in He had neither taste nor time for theosocial standing; but by the river of logical subtleties. He valued and rested life, by what he is, and the standard upon the central and foundation Truth of is helpfulness. the Gospel; from this he never departed; on this he built up his spiritual life; from J. CAMPBELL WHITE. this he drew the motive power and energy of his marvelous evangelistic activity. OBITUARY Matteo Prochet was a choice gift from Com. M",tteo Prochet, of Rome God to the Waldensian Church; bat tho persaaded that the mission was providen- A striking personality has been re- tially assigned by the Lord to this his church for the evangelization of his counmoved in the death of Doctor Prochet, try, he knew no narrowness or intolerance, and fervently repeating the prayer that is of Rome, who, for 35 years, has di- Christian par excellence, "Thy Kingdom come," he was ready to salute in hope the rected in Italy the work of Walden- fature Chiesa Evangelica d'Italia.

sian missions. He died February Doctor Prochet was a warm, per- 16th, after a short attack of pneu- sonal friend of the editor of this RE- VIEW, who has traveled with him in monia. Signor Arturo Muston says the Vandois valleys, entertained him of him: . as a guest, and frequently met him Endowed with a strong constitution, in public and private. He was one Doctor Prochet had at his command a choice instrument from which he could ex- of the most gifted of men, and had act the most extensive and laborious ser- the capacities of a statesman, like vices. No one will ever know the watch- Count Cavour. His linguistic faculty ings, the struggles, the excessive labors, was preeminent. He had occasion the fatiguing journeys he' had to endum to travel widely on the Continent, without any apparent effect on his health. He had a most remarkable memory, which and on his railway journeys read he retained in its freshness even to his last works of fiction in the various lanyears. What he treasured up in it was phenomenal. One must have lived in close guages, choosing these because, as intimacy with him to know how much he drew out of his inexhaustible reserves, in he said, they contained the colloquial which names, dates, incidents, discourses, forms of speech current among the narratives, facts, events, the most varied knowledge, seemed to be collected as in a people, rather than technical terms repertory. and the phrases of the more edu- If Matteo Prochet Irad followed a po- cated. And by clint of perseverance litical career, we should often have seen he became such an adept that at the him at the head of ministerial power. He meeting of the evangelical alliance understood men, and knew how to avail at Florence, some years since, where himself of this knowledge to lead and rule he presided, he replied to the adthem. (!t;esses of foreign delegates in ten or His spiritual gifts were those which twelve languages, and then regretted made Matteo Prochet what ile was in the he could not do more! His statesbosom of the Alps, a prophet of the Most High, with a mission as specific as was man-like gifts he put at the disposal that of Moses and Samuel. He was a man of personal piety-not ostentatious, of the Vanclois Church freely and not vapory and mystical, bat solid. He unselfishly, and the debt the church knew in what and in whom he had be- owes bim is beyond either estimate or expression. C01LLhKD OF THE ZAMBESI. The lives of recognition and reward; patient p,. Fran~ois Coillard and Christina, his wife, suit of the highest a'ms, endUralH.'_ of the Paris Missionary Society, in South of hardness, quiet contentll~ent with and Central Africa (r858-r904). By C. habitual self-denials, willingness to W. Mackintosh. With frontispiece, map take the lowest place and work and 77 illustrations. 8vo. 484 pp. $2.50, where no one else would, and a bold net. The American Tract Society, New facing, both of difficLllties and dan- York; T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1907. gers, that might have adorned apos- Miss Mackintosh chose a grand tolic history. subject, and she has treated it worth- Coillard and h:s wife did more ilv. That is itself sufficient praise. than help remake the map of SOclth – Fran<;ois Coillard we account one Africa-they helped to change its of the fifty foremost missionaries spiritual cleserts into gardens of the since Carey went to India. It would Lord, and had long patience for such be difficult to draw a circle which great results; and the end is not yet. would embrace all the activities and Generations to come will rise up and influences that radiated from this re- call them blessed. markable man and his heroic wife. Not only South Africa felt his power, Sublime sentiments and sentences but wherever, on the Continent of quietly appear here and there in this Europe or in America, mission fires volume, but without undue conspicburn, he added fuel to the flame. uousness, as tho they were the most ordinary things-common as com- If he had not the genius of intel- mas; as when, at Cape Town, his lect, as a great original thinker, he wife's first words were, as they met had the genius of goodness with its before marriage, "I have come to do accute sensibility, its tender sympa- the work of God with you, whatever thy and its rare self-sacrifice. It was it may be; and remember this: 'Wherthis which made him the inspirer of ever God may call )'OU, you shall never missionary enthusiasm, and the un- find me crossillg your path of dttty." pretentious leader in the work of And again, a few months later, when evangelization. He rose to a singu- homesickness and reading the relics lar height of self-oblivion. These of her past life, caused not only nearly fifty years of actual work on the field will never have any com- many tears but a perilous habit of plete record. Like Livingstone's brooding, she gathered up all these missionary statesmanship in the ensnaring memorials and burned same Dark Continent, much of the them-and meeting her husband at service he rendered is too evasive the door she said with characteristic and elusive to find record; it can not decision, "You shall never more see be described in words, or imprisoned me fretting, Forget thine own peoin narrative any more tha'1 the ethe- ple and thy father's house." rial perfume of a flower, but is none the less diffusive and pervasive. This brief notice mil y fitly close with an extract from Coillard's will: No one who knows anything of "On the threshold of Eternity and these two heroic lives will need any in the presence of my God, I solinducement to read this book. Our emnly bequeath to the churches of only regret is that it covers nearly France, my native lanel, the respon- 500 pages octavo, and about 150,000 sibility of the Lord's work in Bawords. In these busy days, brevity rotsiland, and I adjure them, in His is absolutely necessary to secure holy name, never to give it upwide reading. But this is a book worth which would be to desp;se and rereading. There is artistic delineation rounce the rich harvest reserveci to of character here, description of the sowing they have accomplished hard work that waited years for its in suffering and tears."

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1907

CHIEF OF SKERANG, BORNEO WILD MURUT NATlVES OF

of the World VOL. XXX. No. 6 JUNE, 1907 VOL. XX. N.,. 6 DId Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES THE SHANGHAI CONFERENCE low materialists and infidels. The missionaries adopted a resolution in The gathering of missionaries and favor of establishing 18 union normal schools for industrial education, union other delegates at Shanghai, April 2S colleges and a great central union uni- versity to train graduates from the -May 7, has fittingly celebrated the missionary institutions. The confer- ence also favored the placing of more • completion of the first one hundred responsibility for finances, govern- ment, and aggressive evangelism on years of Protestant missionary effort _the native church. This is the only way to accomplish the speedy evangelin China. Dr. Griffith John, who has ization of the Empire.* spent fifty years in the Empire, shows some results from the missionary cam- paign in the followiJ.1g notable con- trast which appeared in the L.M.S.

Chronicle: 1807 1907 WHAT OF THE FUTURE IN CHINA?

Not one Chinese Prot- More than 160,000 The forces now engaged in Chris- church-members; repre- tian work in China, including indeestant Christian. (In senting a Christian pendent workers who are without a 1842, after thirty-five community of some home society, are under 82 societies, yeal s. there were only half a million souls, in of which 33 are American, with six church-members! every province of the 642 men, 486 wives, and 434 single women, a total of 1,562; 2S British and in 1860 only some EThf~~~' than 3,800 for- societies have 729 men, 516 wives, and S43 single women, making a total of l'°:tS:~;rison the only eign missionaries (in- 1,788; 24 Continental societies number cluding 1,146 wives). 211 men, 131 wives, and 79 single Protestant missionary. These are to be found women, in all 421; the "independent" (In 1830 two American in every 'provincial cap- workers make up the grand total to missionaries landed; but ital, and In most of the 1,604 men, 1,148 wives, 1,081 single even in 1860 the total women, aggregating, December 31, missionary force num- la'J:a~l;ieiiJ,ooo Chinese 1906, 3,833· bered only 100.) preachers, teachers, col- China can never return to its former No native helpers. porteurs, and other na- state of seclusion. The world is ad- (In 1823 Liang Afa tive helpers. vancing, and China is also making progress. Millions are waiting to be was ordained to the of- More than 3,000,000 evangelized. Large areas are almost copies of the Scrip- or wholly untouched. Eastern and fice of evangelist.) tures, in whole or part, No part of the Bible were sold in China last year. in print. (The Roman missionaries had trans- From Hankow alone, lated large portions, but during the past thirty these had not been years, more than 26.- printed.) 000,000 Christian books and tracts have been is- No Christian books sued and circulated. or tracts in Chinese. The whole of China ~:en n~~her ye~f ~~~h open to m i S si 0 na r y work-eager for new book:; in circulation was light, new knowledge, new life. almost a negligible quantity, China closed against the Gospel. (Even in 1857 only the five Treaty Ports were open to the missionaries.) The conference, which brought to- • A full acconnt of this conference may be ex' gether over one thousand delegates, pected in our July number. – laid great emphasis on the need of Christian education for China. The Empire's great need is for Christian leaders-otherwise the people will fol- Western Mongolia offer vast fields for should have a moral and religious which little has as yet been done. It basis upon which to rest, and there is is as difficult to reach Mongols as Mo- no possibility of this apart from Chrishammedans. For the 20,000,000 of tianization preceding civilization. the latter in China there ought to be a systematic campaign. At the present THE STUDENT CONFERENCE time they are practically unreached. IN TOKYO Dr. Griffith John writes at this time Jimmu Tenno Sai, the Japanese naof the crisis: tional holiday (April 3), was cele- brated by the opening of the first In- What we need as we enter on the second ternational Christian Student Confercentury is implicit faith in God, not as a ence in Asia. More than seven hun- God working independently of means, but as dred people were present representing a God working in and through means. One twenty-five different countries. The of the first duties of the missionary socie- one hundred or more regular deleties is to perfect their agencies, and bring gates included John R. Mott of New them up to the requirements of the times. York, Sir Alexander Simpson of Ed- I do not hesitate to say that our great need inburgh, Prof. Harlan P. Beach of is more of everything, and greater efficiency Yale University, Pres. John F. Gouin everything. We need the faith that will cher of Baltimore, S. Earl Taylor of compel us to give to God our very best of New York, Doctor Karl Fries of Sweeverything, to be used by Him in the way den, the president of the World's Stuthat seemeth best in His sight. This faith dent Federation, and other leading in God would secure fill the men and the men from the great student organizameans required to carryon the missionary tions in all parts of the world. enterprise with unflagging energy and signal success. The World's Christian Student Fed- eration was founded twelve years ago That all will not be clear sailing for to unite Christian students in all parts future missionary workers is shown by of the world and to promote Christian history and by the fact that the reform work among them. The work has movement in China seems even now to spread to all countries under the able have had a serious setback. The reac- leadership of Doctor Fries and John tionaries in the Empire. have come R. Matt. into control for the present. It is not for the interest of these people, who It was an impressive sight to see are mostly officials, to have the old or- this large assembly of young men and der of things changed, and, as they are women in Tokyo gathered together in power, their opposition is effective, from the universities and colleges of for the time, but their days of author- forty nations. In their number were ity are numbered, and the people are included some of the most distinbeginning to demand reforms, so that guished educators and scientists in the the proposed changes are sure to come. world, the leaders of the Christian stu- It is well that such changes as are de- dents of men and women in all lands sirable should not take place suddenly. and representatives of all the student The Chinese need to be educated, not and city Young Men's Christian Assoonly in new ideas, but also in such new ciations and Young Women's Chrismethods, and such education demands tian Associations of China, Korea and time. One thing of great importance Japan. is that the new national movement

OF THE TIMES 40

A pamphlet containing the Psalm ')() students from all the provinces of in Japanese, Chinese, Korean, EnglisL ,hina. 1 here has never been a par- French and German was specially pub- allel situation in the world's history lished for use at the meetings, but the where so many of a nation's young addresses were interpreted only in men (nearly 20,000) have gone over English and Japanese. ell masse to another country for edu- As the first session was brought to cation and training.

a close with a hymn sung in French, As an example of the attitude which German, English, Chinese, Korean, the upper classes among the Japanese Siamese and other languages in uni- have assumed toward the Conference , son there was a visible wave of emo- and its purposes, Count Komura, the tion which passed over the assembly as famou? Japanese leader and states-, they realized the significance of this man, not himself a Christian and the firs~ world's convention of any known to maintain a Shinto shrine on kind to assemble as the guests of any his palace grounds, remarked recently far eastern people—a world's conven- with enthusiasm: "It is important that tion dominated by oriental delegates. these Chinese students be imprest Greetings were received from Pres- while over here with the fact that ident Roosevelt, King Haakon of N or- Christianity is good for a nation," In way, Marquis Ito of Japan, and others. one meeting, addrest by an American A more detailed account of this signifi- clergyman, one hundred young Chi- cant gathering is given further on. nese students rose to their feet and'

AFTER THE CONFERENCE declared their intention to embrace Christianity. The very day after the Conference closed, there began one of the most JAPANESE CHRISTIANITY remarkable evangelistic campaigns There are now 70,000 confessing ever undertaken in any country. Nine Christians in Japan, or about one in deputations of five men each, com- 600 of the population. The Daily posed of a student leader from the Mail, in a review of "The Christian West, who has previQusly been suc- Movement in Japan," remarks that the cessful in evangelistic work among actual results are not striking and that influential classes, an Oriental from the numerical outcome must be disap- outside of Japan, a distinguished pointing.

Christian Japanese, a foreign secre- Statistics can never represent the tary of the Young Men's Christian As- progress of Christianity in Japan, but 'sociation, and a Japanese interpreter, the report of the numbers of believers started on April 8 upon a simulta- is far from complete. Many of the neous evangelistic mission throughout small churches have no pastors to Japan, which is to cease only when make a report and there are groups of every important center in the Empire believers all over the country who are has been reached. not counted.

It is especially opportune that the Rev. Henry Loomis, of the Amer- Conference should have occurred in ican Bible Society, Yokohama, also Japan at this time, as there are to- says that a large percentage of Chris- day in the city of Tokyo at least 15,- tians have gone abroad. There is ..

fine self-supporting Japanese church It is therefore quite true, says .Mr. at Dalny, Manchuria, with a foreign Loomis, that the influence of Chrispastor; another at Tien-Tsin, China; tianity in Japan is far and away one at Seoul, Korea; several in For- greater than the statistics of the mosa; others in Hawaii; and there is churches would indicate. It is interno large city on the Pacific Coast of esting to notice the comparative America that is not. represented by growth of the various forms of Chris- one or more Japanese churches. . tianity in Japan as an indication of A great number of Christians are what is most likely to prevail.

al:>o in the army and navy. The head It is claimed by some that the old of the Commissary and Pay Depart- doctrines are no longer tenable and ment during the late war, and the most of his staff, were Christians. The have lost their power to effect the commander of the fleet at Chemulpo, which opened the war, was a Christian lives of men. What such persons deas well as the chief surgeon of the navy and two members of Admiral mand is the adoption of some new Togo's staff. The Sanyo Railroad has quite a large number of Christians form of religion that will meet the apin its service; and the officials have asked one of the missionaries at Yam- proval of a certain class of scholars, aguchi to hold services at the nearest statior; for the benefit of the employees. and in this way society is to be reno- The author of "How I Became a vated. Th~ facts prove that this Christian" has been for years teaching Christianity, and his followers are statement is incorrect. The records counted by the hundreds, if not thousands; but as they are not gathered may give us some idea as to the sucinto churches their number is unknown, and no report of this work is cess of the propagation of the so-called available. "Liberal Theology," as compared with THE OUTLOOK IN JAPAN the conservative or "orthodox" views.

The following figures are taken from the reports for the year I906: Present Net Gain Membership in (Communicants) Ten Years Presbyterian Reformed .. 15,076 4,538 Congregationalists …… 10,987 1,126 Methodists …………. 8,963 2,324 Episcopalians.. . . . . . . . .. 6,473 1,053 Baptists ……………. 2,110 228 Universalists ……….. 154 68 Ger. Evan. (Unitarian). 19S 2S One of the most distinguished pas- THE UNION MOVEMENT IN KOREA tors in Japan, Rev. Miyagawa of Osa- The General Council of Evangelical ka, recently said, "There are in Japan Missions in Korea have been working more than I,OOO,OOO people who have· in the interests of uniop. in missionary not publicly profest Christianity, but work. During the past year the fol- who are ordering their lives by the lowing experiments were made in co- teachings of the Bible and who require operation: boys' intermediate schools now only to be brought to a public in Seoul and Pyeng Yang, medical confession of their faith." This state- work in Pyeng Yang, pUblication of ment was repeated to Doctor Naka- Sunday-school literature, hymn-book, shima, Professor of Psychology in the the Korea miss~on field, a church pa- Imperial University, and he remarked, per, and the Union Publishing House.

"Yes, there are more." The report of those in charge is enthu-

OF TH;E

siastic inevery case and fully justified public opinion that they found themselves the wisdom of the plan for united ef- unprepared to conform with it. Discon- fort. The experiments of last year are certing as this was in one way, it gave us all continued and in some cases plans occasion to thank God for the raising of have been adopted to make the present the standard. But from that time forward arrangements permanent. the attendance of the heathen, both here 'in the capital and in the country churches, has One advance step planned for this been steadily rising, so that at the moment year is the'establishment of a union of writing it is fully thirty-three per cent. college to be located at Pyeng Yang. more than this time last year. As the Presbyterian and Methodist mission compounds are near together This is one of the signs that the this can be done by each mission fur- work of God's Spirit is not limited to nishing a given portion of the build- any race or locality but that in India, ings and faculty. China, Korea, Africa, Wales, Amer- ica, those who yield may know His Unless interrupted by the home power. churches, some form of union of the Protestant missions in Korea is sure· THE SITUATION IN EGYPT to develop. Lord Cromer, for years the British RESULTS OF A REVIVAL IN AFRICA representative in Egypt, has resigned. He has proved himself a man of ster- Two years ago there were many ling character and an able statesman. signs of a revival of spiritual life During his administration he has done among the converts at Kabarole, the much for Egypt and has transformed capital of Taro, British East Africa, the material conditions in the Nile valand many people were deeply con- ley. We have regretted that he should victed of sin. Since then some of the in so many respects cater to the relig- Christians have taken a much more de- ious prejudices of the Moslem popucided stand for Christ, and there has lation, while he has done nothing to been an awakening of responsibility favor or foster Christianity. Just beamong the parents, and consequently fore his resignation Lord Cromer made an increased attendance in the schools. an important declaration with refer- A large number of Christians have ence to the "Egyptian danger," which signed the total abstinence pledge, and he considers a very serious problem; the general tone of public opinion has but few people understand it. The nabeen raised. Mr. H. E. Maddox, of tionalistic spirit which reigns among the Church Missionary Society, writes: the younger Egyptians is not so seri- ous as the Pan-Islamic spirit which is Among the heathen such a change has evident among-all classes. In the fortaken place that it affords the most conclu- mer there is much of reason; in the sive evidence of the reality of the change latter there is little but madness and in the Christian population. The change murder. Great Britain has a large was not at first visible. Early in the year responsibility with rega~d to Egypt. we had a class of some forty young men, She must, at all costs, prevent toe Panwhom we expected to offer themselves as Islamic c~aze from spreading. If candidates for baptism, but to our surprize Mahdism were reestablished, every sothey shrank back until only five or six were cial horror would follow in its train. left. Inquiry among the native teachers drew fo;th the explanation that the standard of morality had been so much raised in

Christians have a stilI greater respon- sign the new national Constitution and sibility to give the Gospel ·of Christ to guarantee the rights of a national to Egypt. Parliament. The influence of the Tab- riz council and of the national anju- MISSIONA~Y T~OUBLES IN man has now caused a local council to be formed in almost every Persian MADAGASCA~ province.

The edict of the French governor- Signs of progress are also evident general of Madagascar, which threat- in the establishment of new schools ens the very existence of Protestant and the strengthening of the existing mission schools of the Paris Mission- mosque schools (in which the rudiary Society, has been referred to ments of reading and writing are (March, I90 7) , and now from the taught), and the increase of Mohamsame source come other threatening medan pupils in the mlsslOnary actions. The governor-general has or- schools. Progress is also seen in the dered the closing of the Y. M. C. A., sJ.1dden increase in the number and saying: "I have decided that no more quality of newspapers; free publication associations be permitted. . . . . The of papers and books is, for the first Association must be dissolved at once." time, allowed. He has also issued a peculiar edict concerning family worship in the Doctor Carr, of the Church Missionhomes of natives. The father is per- ary Society, who has just returned rnitted to hold family worship only from Isphahan, reports evident signs with the members of his immediate of reality and depth of conviction in family. If there is present one stranger the converts, especially the women. the family worship is considered a re- They have borne deadly persecution, ligious meeting', and all religious meet- and show a readiness to bear the loss ings outside of church buildings are of all things in loyalty to Christ. Mosprohibited. Thus all evangelistic and lem opposition is evidently yielding all itinerant missiooary. work is now before Christian benevolence, and the illegal. Thus is the governor-general medical mission is now not only tolerof Madagascar, Doctor Anagagneur, ated instead of being bitterly opposed formerly Mayor of Lyons, showing to as it was some years ago, but it the world the meaning of "French re- is welcomed. Mohammedans them~ ligious liberty." selves subscribe nearly $500 a year toward it, and recently gave $I,OOO ENCOU~AGING SIGNS IN PE~SIA more to extend the hospital buildings. In Yezd also Moslems are giving help A profound change is taking place toward 'the hospital extension, and in Persia. The new Parliament is vig- the Parsi community have contributed orously at work and has indefinitely $1,000. Truly the encouragements are postponed the proposed loan from great, and in view of all that God has England guaranteed by Russia, and done in Persia during the past few has substituted the establishment of years the political anxieties of the moits own native bank, which will issue ment can be faced with courage and an internal loan. The shah has been hope. Religious liberty is hoped for as fairly well educated in the ideas of a consequence of the conceded constirepresentative government, and before the death of his father was forced to

OF THE

tution. At present a Moslem whq be- found; but this also I declare with all comes a Christian risks everything, the emphasis at my command: science even life itself. The newly-elected Par- is the superstructure, do not mistake liament contains many Babis, a class it for the foundation. The foundation who have suffered from persecution in must always be religion; begin then at Persia more even than Christians, and the beginning, ground your children their influence, it is hoped, will be before everything else in the eternal all on the side of tolerance. The in- principles of their glorious faith, start crease of British prestige should also with the heart and when that is secure tend to promote the growth of liberal go on to the head. Some would like to institutions. finish with the heart; they are afraid of the head but they are wrong." A MOSLEM PLEADING FOR INTEL- LIGENCE A USEFUL COLLEGE IN TURKEY The Amir of Afghanistan has re- Rev. G. E. White, of Marsovan, cently paid a visit to India and at writes of Anato1ia College, Asia Mi- Aligahr College uttered these words, nor, of which Rev. C. C. Tracy is which are strange, coming from the president, that for twenty years this inlips of a stanch Mussulman: stitution has been working for the picked young fellows of the Turkish "Before all else I want at the outset provinces, of which IS out of 29 are to say how deeply I appreciate the tol- represented in the student body. erant beneficence of the Government of India in allowing the myriad of Mo- Asia Minor is nearly as large as Gerhammedan brethren in this great coun- many; it has probably better natural retry perfect liberty to perform their sources, but only one-fourth as many in~ religious duties where and when and habitants. It ought to have a splendid fuhow they list. That acknowledgment ture, but that depends on the character of being paid, and it lies foremost on my its young people. Increasing numbers of conscience, I come to the pith and these look to Anatolia College. Forty of marrow of my message to you and to them slept on the floor last fall; "until a the millions of Mussulmans for whom fresh supply of bedsteads could be got from you stand. In a single sentence I give England, and wedged in among the 220 you my whole exhortation: Acquire bedsteads that were there before. Teleknowledge-you hear me, acquire grams were sent in several directions to knowledge. I say it a third time, ac- stop more students from coming, and a quire knowledge. Oh, my brothers, whole stream of late applicants was reremain not ignorant or what is worse, fused admittance. remain not ignorant of your ignorance. There are those who utter sol- The students in the college pay their own emn warnings in your ears who urge way, like students in American institutions, that Mohammedans have naught to do only that a fourth or a third who can not with modern philosophy and who de- meet all the bills in cash render some form claim against the Western sciences as of manual labor in the Wiskes Industrial against evil. I am not among those Shops in part payment. who ask you to shut your ears and your eyes. On the contrary, I say pur- Meetings of the Christian Association are sue knowledge wherever it is to be well attended, the students usually meeting by Armenian and Greek sections and using their vernaculars, but frequently holding a joint meeting, when English or Turkish is used as a common medium of communica- tion. Several young men conduct neigh- borhood Sunday-schools for the children of the city.

THE BIBLE IN THE LEVANT 000 exclusive of 10,000 probationers Another most interesting year on reported by the Methodist Church.

the eastern shore of the Mediterra- Hospitals and educational buildings nean is reported by "The British and are numerous and attractive. The mis- Foreign Bible Society." This field, sions represented in the union move-'

with its headquarters at Constantino- ment are the Presbyterian, Methodist, ple, covers the Turkish Empire, Egypt, Episcopal, Congregational, Baptist, and the Sudan. The Bible circulation Christian and the Young Men's Chris- for the year in this agency amounts to tian Association. Added to these are 101,553 volumes, of which colporteurs the American Bible Society and the distributed 49,861 copies. These col- British and Foreign Bible Society. The porteurs visited last year 2,008 towns booklet also gives a directory of the and villages, traveling 39,323 miles in churches in Manila, which will afford the prosecution of their work. The" tourists an opportunity to see what is improvement of the Bulgarian text has being done.

been going forward for the edition of PEACE AND THE GOSPEL the pocket Bible now in course of pub- "lication. The issues of the agency are The eyes of the world are being in more than thirty languages and lan- opened to the useless extravagance of guage groups, the principal issues be- huge armaments and large standing ing in Arabic. Fields of distribution armies. The National Peace Congress, show the following interesting figures: which met in New York City, April In Bulgaria, 3,153 volumes; in Con- 14 to 17, revealed the strides which stantinople, 2,330; in European Tur- have been made toward international key, 2,084; in Asiatic Turkey, 41,247; peace in the last ten years. The peo- in the Sudan, 209; in Egypt, 26,396. ple of the civilized nations are being MISSIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES aroused to demand of their govern- ments that they shall not enter upon A booklet has recently been pub- useless and destructive wars and that lished by "the Evangelical Union of the arbitration shall be used to settle dif- Philippines which gives a general view ferences between nations. The time of the Protestant work in those islands. is looked forward to when nations will The Union was organized in 1900 to no more think of international duels to develop mutually helpful relations settle disputes than personal fist battles among the various mission bodies and to right private wrongs.

to avoid unnecessary duplication of This is the time long ago predicted Christian work. It has established in the word of God. In order to real- definite limits to the fields of each de- ize this ideal men and women must nomination, has encouraged the joint be transformed by the Spirit of God.

preparation of literature, and in other VVar can only be prevented by teach- ways has sought oneness of aim and ing men self-control and by bringing cooperation among the various mis- them under the control and power of sionary forces at work on the island. Christ. Peace without righteousness is The total Protestant membership undesirable; righteousness and love of the island is now estimated at 15,- without peace are impossible.

JOHN WILKINSON OF THE MILDMAY

:rO THE JEWS BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHlEF Heroism has many spheres. They the ground and die as a seed, for the differ greatly in prominence, and much sake of the harvest. He began in a self-sacrificing work done for God is simple way to serve his Master, and only fully known to Himself. On the bore his witness until he found an 12th of February, at the age of eighty- opening as a local preacher in the two, there fell asleep, in Mildmay Wesleyan body, as yet having no con- Road, London, this venerable and be- ception of his future sphere of work.

loved worker who, for fifty-six years, has been a missionary to Jews. John Vilkinson began his work among the Jews in the first year of the second half of the nineteenth century, and for the past thirty years he has been the director of the Mildmay Mission to the Jews. His faculties, physical and mental, were preserved in remarkable vigor up to a very recent date, and in the columns of the little magazine known as Trusting and Toiling he had for a long time presided as editor with no little intellectual power and spirit- ual unction. It was only a few weeks ago that his strength began to show symptoms of fatal failure, and from that time he continued to grow weaker JOHN wrLK1NSO~ and weaker until, like a candle expir- ing from mere lack of material, he Soon after he had attained his ma- quietly passed into the higher life, dy- jority, however, at about the age of ing, just as we imagine he would Inve twenty-six, and at Louth, his atten- desired, almost in full harness. tion was turned to the subject of the John Wilkinson was born at Tealby, evangelization of the Jews. He was in Lincolnshire. His boyhood is not then made to see plainly that the divine remembered as particularly eventful, order is "to the Jew first" and after- but the one great event that deter- ward to the Gentile; and this became mined his life here, -and his. destiny a 1110tto with him for the remainder of hereafter, was his choice of the Lord his life. He believed that this was the Jesus Christ at the early age of four- path of obedience, and that only in teen. It is especially noticeable that such path of obedience could blessing salvation with him, as with Doctor be found. With more and more inten- Duff, became the impulse to service. He sity and earnestness he devoted himself was not content to abide alone, and, to his one great object-carrying the early in life, came into sympathy with Gospel to Israel, and his life-course be- His Master in a willingness to fall into came rapidly shaped in this direction.

After much prayerful preparation he tracts have been accepted and read, and my offered his services to the British Jews' visits rendered welcome. Society, and, coming to London in 1851, began a course of study such as Not only did Mr. Wilkinson labor would fit him to work among the Jews. among the Jews directly, but he con- Without sparing himself he entered sidered that companion work was alupon such theological, linguistic and most equally necessary among Chriseven metaphysical studies as made up tian disciples, awakening and nourishthe curriculum in Blackfriars College, ing in them interest in work among then under the control of the British the Jews; and it is hard to say which Society. Three years later he became department of service he found most actively a mission worker among the difficult. He had to encounter quite as Jews of London: At that time they great apathy and antipathy among the were not gathered together in a Ghetto churches as among the more direct obas now, but were scattered and had to jects of his labor. He gave himself be sought among the wider population untiringly both to work with pen and of the metropolis. But even" this add- tongue, and to travel in all directions. ed zest to his work. Like his Master His work will be remembered quite as he came to seek, as well as to save, much for what it did to enlighten, inthat which is lost. He made lists of form and stimulate Christian people in Jews of various classes, tirelessly call- the Jews' evangelization, as in instructing at shops and private houses, an- ing Jews themselves in the fulfilment nouncing himself as a Gentile fritnd of of their ancient scriptures. He be- God's ancient people, and, Bible in came a remarkable expositor of the hand, urged the claims of the Messiah Word of God, his addresses being very as Himself the fulfilment of Old Tes- simple, direct and straightforward, but tament prophecy. This work made marked by unusual knowledge of the necessary three great qualifications- VVcrd and careful comparison of. its passion for souls,singular sagacity,and. teachings. oftentimes. no little intrepidity. He had to encounter bitter and even vio- His wife was not only a devoted lent prejudices in favor of Jewish tra- companion but a helpful cooperator. ditions, and an ignorance of Chris- God gave her to him soon after he left tian doctrines, and even of the Christ college, and continued her as his sym- Himself, which seem amazing in the pathetic counselor until within a few midst of a great city of churches. But years of his own decease. he bore with apathy and even with antipathy, and a half year of labor en- Within the past twenty-five or thirty abled him to report s:xty families that years the startling events in the East had opened their doors to his friendly of Europe have turned many Chrisadvances. In this connection he wrote: tians anew to the study of scripture prophecy, and Mr. Wilkinson was led " 'In some of these, on my first call, I met confidently to believe that the times with "a storm of abuse; in others a de- of the Ge:1tiles had nearly reached cided refusal, either to accept a tract or to their fulfilment, and that Israel was hear a word about Christ; but on a second about to be restored to the land of or third call confidence has been gained, my promise, a conviction which was con- firmed by the modern Zionistic move- ment. The effect of this persuasion

JOH N WILKINSON 4II

was to redouble his effort ill every di- himself and Mr. Pennefather, and rection . H e stirred his Bri"tish fellow when, in 1873, this beloved founder of disciples to reach these exiles with the Mildmay institutions passed away, and Gospel before they left British shores. the conduct of his work feU to the He wished to give himself more ex- superintendence of Captain Morton clusively to missionary work, and find- and Mr. Pennefather's widow, Mr.

ing the British Society unable or un- Wilkinson proposed to them that he willing to comply, he unhesitatingly should connect his efforts as mission- gave up his twenty-five years' connec- tion with the Society, and, in February, 1876, having tendered his resignation, it came into effect three months after- ward. Meanwhile he traveled and preached for the Society as before and trusted alone to the Lord for direct support and guidance after his term had expired. A Christian merchant in Yorkshire, with whom he made a few days' stay, said to him at the close of a visit: "I have just concluded a most fortunate busi ness stroke, a!ld am wishful to make a thank-offering to the Lord, and should like to place it in your hands for the supply of your per- sonal and family needs. As life is un- certain, I prefer giving a three years' BAJCOEL H. WILKINSON donation in one lump." Putting an envelope in Mr. Wilkinson's hands, he ary with the Mildmay work. The re- added: "Don't open it till you reach sponse was cordial, and in June, of home." The following night Mr. Wil- 1876, the Mildmay Mission to the Jews kinson opened it and found a check beg..n. It grew and prospered, all the for £300. Within six months the do- needs, both of Mr. Wilkinson himself nor was dead. Other Christian friends and his work, being fully provided for voluntarily came forward to undertake by faith and prayer. Two years later, the charge of his needs during the first friends in Sweden invited him to that three years, and when the term of his country to arouse a similar interest in connection with the Society expired, the evangelization ' of Israel, and for he was in a position to give all his en- six weeks he addrest meetings both in ergies to Jewish mission work without public and ptivate, including audiences anxiety for "the morrow." at the Universities of Upsala and H is intimate friendship with Mr. Lund, and was honored with the Pennefather, the founder of Mildmay king's own audience.

Conference Hall and Institutions, who In 1880 a medical mission was was himself in deepest sympathy with formed, and, two years later, a print- work among theJews, turned his atten- ing house ana home for inquirers in- tion to a possible cooperation between stituted on Newington-green, which

have belm blest to many converts and several editions of what is known and inquirers. The next year a con- as Isaac Salkinson's Hebrew version, valescent home was added to the which is deservedly so popular, have work, and in 1884 a home and school been dispersed abroad. John Wilkinfor poor Jewish children, again sup- son early recognized the superiority of plied in answer to prayer. From time this remarkable edition of the New to time other agencies and instrumen- Testament, and it has proved to be talities have been added, until there is marvelously useful among the Jews now a large staff of voluntary helpers for whom it was intended. Mr. Wilin addition' to the regular workers. kinson's pen has been almost as busy The agents of the mission have under- as his tongue and he has left behind taken tours in continental countries, him a number of excellent books on sometimes for the evangelization and Jewish mission work and the fulfilsometimes for the consolation of per- ment of scripture prophecy. Of resecuted Jews, and sometimes for the cent years his beloved son, Samuel H. circulation of the New Testament 'Wilkinson, has been associated with among them. This last work especially the father in the direction of the mishas attracted large sums of money, sion, and is now in entire charge.

THE MILDMAY MISSION TO THE JEWS BY REV. SAMUEL H. WILKINSON, LONDON From his conversion in boyhood, He founded the mission upon lines John Wilkinson was a man of con- of dependence on ,God. As a friend suming devotion and intense zeal for of George Muller he came to see that God. In the mission which grew from there was a more excellent way of a small initial effort in East London raising funds for the work of God to its present ,wide ministry, his life than constant appeal and advertiseand leadership created an atmosphere ment; and t.hat, tho this way might which attracted the many godly men involve severe tests of faith, the work that was really according to God's and women who have served G~d·and mind, conducted in a manner pleasing to Him and definitely committed to Israel with the mission during these Him for supply, could never lack. He past thirty-one years. In his careful exposition of the great truths con- said: cerning Israel his life and testimony If we allow the Lord to do what He have reached much wider circles than the workers or supporters of the ::Iild- pleases with us and by us, we shall 'get may Mission to the Jews. These truths were-and to a great extent are the greatest blessing, and He will get the still-so ignored or misunderstood greatest glory; and He will bear the exthat his setting forth of God's plan penses of His own work If,a master and purpose in the "chosen race" send a servant to a shop for a shilling's broke upon multitudes of Christians worth of anything, he will make himself with startling novelty. '" responsible for the shilling; and shall it be thought for a moment that God will * See "Israel, My Glory." not pay for all the work He acknowl- edges as His? Assuredly He will. But if the servant should go to the shop with-

MILDMAY MISSION TO THE

out the master's order, it is no surprize became the watchword of the Mildthat he goes without the master's shil- may Mission. Ask the Lord to reveal ling, Is there 110 work called God's work His will and make a simple statement that is not His but only ours? Are there to God's people as He gives opporno worldly and doubtful modes used in tunity-and then ask Him to move gathering money for work professedly the hearts of His children to ·give of God's, from which a holy God is obliged their substance. The contributors thus to withhold His blessing? Where there become real sharers in the blessing of is healthy life there is growth, and the God upon the work and the gifts growing needs of the Lord's work will themselves bring a blessing with Ce provided for by the Lord of the work. them. Thus was the work begun and A leading thought in Doctor Wilkin- THE STAFF OF WORKERS OF THE MILDIIAY MISSION TO THE JEWS son's mind in adopting this principle thus for thirty-one years it has been was that it would prove the work of supported. Jewish evangelization to be one which God approved. For twenty-five years On one occasion two American he had been meeting much ignorant gentlemen sat at Mr. Wilkinson's and selfish indifference and sometimes breakfast-table and noted his opening hostility on the part of Christians to of letters which brought God's supthe necessity of taking the GOSI)el of ply for the day. "This is all very the grace of God to the Jews. The well so far," said one of the gentlecounter argument to meet them was: men, "but what would you do, .Mr. the evangelization of the Jews is a Wilkinson, if one morning the exwork according to ,God, seeing that pected supply did not come?" The God supports it by moving His answer is clear in my memory. "That children to send spontaneous gifts can only happen, sir, when God dies." without appeal or subscription lists. In the early days of the mission, "Ask the Lord and tell His people" there was not the group of Jewish missions that now labor in London.

Some of these are nov' very well or- elevatcr, every room being in usc ganized, wide in their scope ~l:1d blest either as offices', medical mission, sur- in their ministry. But th,".'.', there gical, conslllting and waiting rooms. was no regular Gospel meeting for clothing and book rooms, dormitorie~, Jews. The mission commenced its ?r commodious halls for public mee:- labors in the open air, shortly after- 1I1gs. ward renting rooms at 10. 36 Vell- close Square, an old-fashioned square The present institutions of the mi~­ near the Lor::don Dock Nalls, :0Jo. 36 S10n are: being the home where Thomas Day. the author of "Sandford and Merton," (I) The Ccntnl Hall in Philpot Street. was born. (2) The Original Mission Honse in Well· close Square. There the first Saturday Gospel (3) The Convalescent Home at Brent- meetings were held, It was years be- wood. fore the noisy uproar and opposition (4) The Home for Jewish ·Children at settled down into a respectful hear- Brentwood. ing. A sewing-class for J ewesses was (5) The Home for Young Christian Jews afterward opened; the .women re- in Business, situated in South Hackney. ceived payment for two hours' work, (6) The Home for Young Christian Jew- the work produced being afterward esses in Business, to be opened this year at sold to them. A night school for Jew- Mildmay Road, North London. ish children (four nights a week) was formed. Btble-women and visitors The mission staff consists of sixtv- were employed; one, two, afterward four Jewish missionary brethren de- four workers, * nearly three-fourths ~f voted their whole time to the work. . In 1880 a medical mission was this number gIving their whole time opened; in 1882 a home for inquirers and strength and requiring support and printing office; in 1884 a con- fr0111 the mission funds. It has never valescent home for men; in 1885 a been the custom for the director to home for Jewish children. In 1887 draw a salary from the 1111SS10n the New Testament distribution was funds.t commenced; funds specially sent in, . enabled the mission to circulate in the The mission property is vested in twenty years that have intervened trustees; the accounts are rigidly scru- nearly 1,300,000 copies of or portions tinized and audited by a high standing of the New Testament in many lan- firm of chartered accountants. No guages and in many lands among the business house in London has its ac- Jews. After earnest and united prayer counts better managed. among the mission staff, the Central Hall was built in Philpot Street, Com- The ministry of the mission is to met:cial Road, London,. E., to accom- both body and soul. The medical de- modate the various departments of partment deals with some 30,000 cases work and was opened on November annually, representing 5,000 to 6,000 2, 1892. It is a large building of five separate individuals. The power of floors and forty rooms, served by an * Wives are not reckoned, unless definitely and regularly engaged in the work; housekeepers and servants also are not reckoned, altho all are Christians and in some cases true helpers in spir- itual things.

t The family needs are met, as were Mr. Wil· kinson's before us, by special contributions "for personal use," it being a privilege to give back to the Lord whatever COllles in for this purpose over and above actual need.

the love of Jesus, as seen in the prac- out the Christian era-generally from tical exhibition of sympathy with suf- nominal Christians. The Jewish memfering, draws these numbers under the ory, however, is kept retentive of these influence of the Gospel, tho the Jewish things-the calendars keep them inauthorities have often made attempts formed as the dates recur-and, howto render the medical work abortive. ever unreasonable it may seem taus, Beyond this, the mission's bill for the they are put in the Jewish mind' to the assistance of the poor amounts to over discredit of the Christian faith. To $5,000 a year; bread, coal, milk, eggs, ask a Jew to accept this faith is thereclothing, assisting into work or with fore to rouse every instinct of patriotemigration, account for this amount, ism against it. It would seem that 0ENTtUL lULL, PHtL1?O'l'S, HILDlfAY MISSION, LONDON while a very special privilege was only by a .practical presentation of given the mission during the anti- Christian love, can this monumental Jewish outbreaks in Russia of I903 barrier be worn down. We have· teand 1905 in administering, as I did ceived so much of spiritual blessing upon the spot, more than $15,000 in through this race-the world is still to direct relief of the sufferers. Never be revived from the dead, when Israel have I had a task so directly to the is repentant and restored-should we Lord Himself: "Inasmuch as ye have not count it a privilege to minister to done it to one of the least of these, my them in carnal things? Among this bre'thren, ye have done it unto me." wandering race there will always be a multitude of poor and distrest. Few Christians can retain in their minds the bloody persecutions which The Mildmay Mission has three stathe Jewish race have endured through- tions in Russia, maimed by eight mis-

sionary workers. Here is a field white souls gathered in, much prejudice to the harvest, waiting till God's chil- broken down. But our greatest priv- dren respond to the call. Tho Jews ilege is to have been consciously-tho have left Russia in large numbers in most unworthily and imperfectly- recent years, the numbers of this obedient to the Will of God. If the prolific race in Russia stand undimin- veil stilI lies on the heart of the Jewish ished. It is, moreover, my growing nation, is there not as great a veil of conviction that in spite of all govern- indifference and igno'rance to God's mental restrictions on public Gospel purposes of mercy in and through the work, it is easier to reach the Jew in Jews, on the part of the great mass of Russia than when he has migrated to Christians? If the Jew is prejudiced other countries. against Christ and Christians, and This year the mission will reopen especially "Conversionist" Christians work in Morocco. I possess a striking (as he dubs those who seek to present request from the Jewish community in the Gospel to him), are there not many Fez, endorsed by the British vice-con- Christians who harbor a dislike of the sul and addrest to my father some Jew in their hearts and do nothing to years ago, for a. resident medical mis- overcome it? That dislike is, maybe, sionary. This request, in God's prov- natural to the natural Gentile heart; idence, we feel able now to fulfil by but it is one day certainly to be re- sending Dr. John and Mrs. Gold- moved, for a truly saved Jewish race stein to Morocco. At Cape Town Mr. will be invincibly attractiv~ and ten Gelbart works among the Jews, and men out of all the languages of the na- while locally supported, remains in af- tions will take hold of the skirt of him filiation with the Mildmay Mission to that is a Jew, saying, "We will go with the Jews. you, for we have heard that God is During a tour of four months in the with you." If God can so transform United States of America, in I904, I the Jew by grace as to render him at- was profoundly imprest, both with the tractive, can He not put such grace great need of Jewish evangelization in upon us followers of His dear glorified the principal American cities and the Son as to commend His Gospel to many inadequacy of the present efforts. The Jews and to cancel the baneful effect Mildmay Mission to the Jews has for upon the Jewish mind which Christian many years been sending thousands of prej udice and persecution have brought Hebrew and Yiddish Testaments and about? I think this is what St. Paul tracts to the United States, using the means when he speaks of moving to Chicago Hebrew Mission as its agent, emulation those who were his flesh, so through which grants can be obtained presenting Christ through the lives of by all faithful men and women who his Gentile converts as to stir the Jew, will make good use of them among despite his hatred of the Nazarenic their Jewish fellow citizens. sect, first to admiration, then to desire, We caII upon all whose hearts are then to emulation and possession of upon the evangelization of the world the same Spirit.* to praise God with us for His leadings and provisions in these past years. .. All communications or remittances should be addrest to Samuel Hinds Wilkinson, Central Hall, Seed has been widely scattered, many Philpot Street, Commercial Road, London, E.

STEPH!;N SCHULTZ, MISSIONARY TO THE

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH, CHIEFLY BASED ON SCHULTZ'S OWN WRITINGS BY REV. LOUIS MEYER Field Secretary of the Chicago Hebrew Mission It is a melancholy but undeniable claimed: "He is a true Christian- fact that there are still many good he must live!"

Christians who utterly deny that a This man brought up his daughter Gentile Christian can be a successful Barbara in the fear of God, and thus missionary to the Jews. By this denial it was that before the birth of her son these good people are limiting the she, like Hannah, dedicated him to grace and the power of God, who uses God, saying: "If it be a son, his name whom He will, and they are unmoved shall be Stephen, and may he do the by the facts revealed by the history of work of Stephen, even if he should be Jewish missions. That history proves called to suffer like him." The moth- clearly that of all the missionaries er kept before her always her wish that who have labored with success among Stephen should become a messenger the Jews since the dawn of the Refor- of the Gospel. Het prayerful care mation more than one-half have been and piety early bore fruit, and even as Gentile Christians. One of the most a little child Stephen Schultz showed successful of these Gentile Christian great fear of God and deep piety.

missionaries was Stephen Schultz, 'who War and fire deprived the father 0f has been called by some a second Paul his possessions, and it seemed to be a in point of suffering and of proclaim- physical impossibility to give Stephen ing the Gospel successfully among the the necessary education for a minister.

Jews in different parts of the world. His mother, however, never despaired, I. Early Youth always saying: "With God all things are possible." A Getman school was Stephen Schultz was born at Flatow, far too expensive fot the poor shoe- in Poland, on February 6, 1714, a son maker's son, and Stephen learned this of the shoemaker, Erdmann Schultz, language from father and mother, who and his wife, Barbara Danzi. Erd- also taught him the Bible and the Cate- mann Schultz was a member of the chism, since in 1720 the Roman Catho- small evangelical congregation which, lics forced the removal of the Luth- since the year 1642, had managed to eran Church across the Prussian bor- keep alive in Flatow in spite -of Roman der by their cruel and relentless perse- Catholic persecution. Barbara Danzi cutions. The Polish language the boy Schultz, his wife, was the daughter of learned in the public school of his a man who had been condemned to birthplace, while in the Jewish school death as a Lutheran, or heretic, but he became acquainted with Yiddish, had been released by the Roman Cath- the dialect spoken yet by all Russian olic soldiers who were to hang him. and Polish Jews, and with Hebrew.

When condemned to die Daniel Danzi Stephen's best friends were Jewish asked time to pray. The request was boys, and it sometimes seemed to his granted, and the prisoner kneeled mother as if he associated too much down and prayed. Awe and astonish- with them. One day she said to him ment struck the soldiers, and they ex- _that she was afraid he would become

converted to the Jewish faith. "Oh, found. Finding a wagoner going to po," he said, "I shall study for the Stolpe, he took his leave of the doctor ministry, make myself thoroughly ac- and the rector, p?-id the little money quainted with the Talmud, and then he had to the wagoner for carrying convert the Jews." Tearfully the his baggage, and went on foot behind mother pointed out to him their pov- the wagon. The next day the owner erty, but he simply answered what his of the wagon, who had learned the cirmother had so often repeated: "With cumstances of the young man, came God a1l things are possible." to him and said: II. Preparation for Work "I understand you intend to study at the institution at Stolpe?" Until he was {Qurteen years of age Stephen worked with his father as a "Yes, by the help of God." shoemaker, then he was confirmed by "Have you any friends at Stolpe?" a neighboring minister, who took great "Yes, I have a near kinsman." interest in the bright boy and offered "Who is it, and what is his name?" to send him to school and give him "I know not whether you are acprivate il1struction. But, alas l when quainted with him." the father took his son to the minister "I was born and brought up at he found him on his death-bed. Before Stolpe, and should I not know him? his death, however, the m,inister made Tell me only his name." arrangements with his brother, a phy- "His name is Jesus Christ, who is sician at Butow, to give the boyan not ashamed to call poor sinners his opportunity to study the art of healing. brethren." Eighteen months he remained with "Oh, I know him too, by the grace this physician, then he accepted the of- of God, and as you consider him your fer of the rector at Butow, Neuendorf, friend, you can want nothing." to do the work around the house and After this Stephen Schultz rode at the same time prosecute his studies. with the owner upon the wagon, anti But Rector Neuendorf was a very busy the hours of the journey passed quickman, for he not only kept the school, ly, as they told each other what the but also a brewery, a distillery, and a Lord had done for their souls. store, where he sold herrings, spices, Thus, in 1731, Stephen Schultz came and other goods. There was little time to Stolpe, where his friend, the merfor study left to Stephen Schultz, who chant, took him to his house and made had to help everywhere. He had to him welcome. Soon he visited the study during the silent hours of the principal of the institution, who did night. Often when he had to watch not receive the poor applicant for a the malt kiln during the night he free scholarship very joyfully, saying: would use a heap of malt as candle- "What do you wish to study?" holder, and would diligently study his "Theology." Hebrew and his Greek grammar. But "Ah, you wish to spend an easy. life, the more he learned the more his thirst to enjoy the fat of the land, and rise for greater knowledge increased. Fi- to honor?" na1ly he resolved to go to Stolpe, where "No, sir; the object of my study is an institution of learning was to be that I may rightly understand the way to heaven, walk therein, and teach the same to others, whether Jews, heathen, Institutum J udaicum Hallense), and or Christians," with the opening of that institution a new era of missionary work among "My son, you are probably not the Jews of Europe had commenced. aware how expensive it is to study; In 1730 Widmann and Manitius, the are your parents able to bear the ex- first missionaries of the Institute, startpense ?" ed on their first trip, and nine years they traveled, mostly on foot, and "N0, sir; this is impossible for carried their own books, prodaiming them," the Messiahship of Jesus to the Jews in all parts of Europe. It was in 1736 "What, then. cia you intend to cia?" that. these two consecrated laborers "The God who has made the heaven came to Konigsberg with the intention and the earth will have left a few to secure a companion for their trav– pence to enable me to study." els and their labors. Their attention "My son, if you thus trust in the was directed to Stephen Schultz, who Lord, you will find help." gladly joined them on their request, And the Lord did help Stephen and in May, 1736, Stephen Schultz Schultz.. Everything needful was pro- entered upon his first missionary jourvided, so that he could not only prose- ney among the Jews. It lasted six cute his studies, but was able to send 1110nths, and brought him into contact for his aged parents to spend the re- with Jews in Poland and the Baltic mainder of their days at Stolpe, where provinces. On his return to Konigsthey could enjoy the means of grace, berg he was appointed professor "in of which they were < deprived at Collegio Fridericiano," and also chap- Flatow. lain in the penitentiary. These offices In 1733 the young man was ready to he filled with great honor and satisfacenter the university, and he went to tion until, in 1739, a call from the In- Konigsberg. Again the Lord provided stitutum J udaicull) in Halle came, infriends and means for him, and he viting him to become a missionary to prosecuted his studies with much zeal, the Jews. The theological faculty of paying especial attention to the Tal- Konigsberg had to decide whether he mud and other Jewish writings. His should accept the ca!l fr0111 Halle or one. thought was the preaching of remain in Konigsberg or follow a call the Gospel to the Jews. To this as pastor primarius to Stalluponen, he felt himself called by God, and which reached him just at that time. he waited patiently for the time when His letter to the faculty is so signiFihe could commence. It was his in- cant that we translate it here in toto. tention to become a teacher in the It reads: University, to save some money, and to spend this money in itinerant I owe obedience to you as fathers. If preaching to the Jews. But God therefore you command that I decline opened the way in a different manner. the call to missionary work among the Jews, I can decline it with a clear con- III. Period of Activity science. However, I must say this: Shuuld God ask on that day (i.e., the In 1728 the pious Callenberg in judgment day): Halle had founded the Institute for the Conversion of Jews and Mohamme- (r) Have I not given thee from indans (commonly known as Callenberg fancy a desire to show to the Jews the of his associate missionary and obliged way of salvation? I would have to an- to return to Germany in 1756, after swer, Yea, Lord. having visited Turkey, Greece, Egypt, and Palestine. We have no time and (2) Have I not proved three years ago space to follow Stephen Schultz in all during the trial trip that I have given these many wanderings, interesting as thee ability to labor? I would say, Yea, it would be, so that we must be satis- Lord. fied with a brief appreciation of the manner of his work, his character as (3) Have I not shown that the harvest missionary, and his wonderful success. among the Jews is great, but the laborers are few? I would say again, Yea, IV. The Manner of Stephen Schultz's Lord. Work (4) Have I not taught thee on that trial trip that the way was opened among Following the examples of the aposthe Jews for thee, and that in further tles and his .immediate predecessors, travels and with greater experience thou Widmann and Manitius, Stephen couldst have still better access to them? Schultz and his companions always Again I would answer, Yea, Lord. traveled on foot. This manner of trav- eling had its great advantages and (5) And when at last the Lord should disadvantages, which he himself conask me, Why didst thou not follow the cisely stated. as follows: call when it came? I would leave the answer to the honorable theological fac- We travel on foot, in a poor and mean ulty. appearance, partly because our small sal- ary makes it necessary, and the nature of The answer of the faculty to su}:h our employment makes it more suitable. Our small salary is owing to the smalla letter was a unanimous "Go, preach ness of the fund of the institution, which is supported by voluntary donations; and unto the Jews. The Lord bless and it is more suitable to our work, for most of the Jews are poor, and would be shy keep thee." . of persons traveling in high style, as we have learned by experience. Besides, Thus Stephen Schultz left Konigs- traveling on foot, we have daily and fre- quent opportunities of meeting on the berg, and on December 7, 1739, ar- road with Jews, and talking with them by the way, which we could not have if rived in Halle, entering at once into traveling by stages and other public con- veyances. But this mode has also its the service of the Institutum J udai- difficulties. For it makes our traveling exceedingly unpleasant and fatiguing, becum, in which he remained eighteen ing exposed to bad roads and all kinds of weather. In the inns and taverns we are years. He traveled most extensively, generally served with the worst accom- modations. Not unfrequently, the sentinel always on foot, and, accompanied by at the gate of the city supposing us to be poor beggars, we are refused admittance one companion, thus following the ex- into the city, or carried before the magis- trate to be examined, where the treatample of the Seventy. Wherever Jews ment is not always in the most friendly manner. were to be found there he went to proclaim to them the Gospel, but he forgot not to preach also to Moham- medans and nominal Christians wher- ever he went, and to strengthen with the Word of God the little bands of true believers which he found scat- tered here and there. Sweden, Den- mark, Russia, Poland were visited, each several times; England, Holland, Switzerland, Austria, and Italy were also passed through; and in 1752 he started out to visit the Chinese Jews, but was hindered in this by the death To the disadvantages here men- and he preached Christ to them. The tioned we should add one which fruit of his labor in that little town Schultz leaves out in his modesty- was considerable. namely, the disadvantage of carrying the large bundles of books and tracts One Friday evening, the beginning and their personal baggage over bad of the Jewish Sabbath, Schultz went roads and in heat and cold. For by invitation to supper to one of the Schultz sincerely believed in the, rulers of the synagog at Groebzig. spread of the printed Word of God Here he met a number of Jews, among and pious tracts suitable to the needs whom were several strangers, who of the Jews, altho the smallness of his took him to be a Jew. Being requested funds forbade free and wide distribu- to ask the usual blessing before meal, tion, of which he, however, was un- he did so in the Hebrew language, of doubtedly a forerunner. The Institu- which the following is a translation: tum J udaicum had published the Gos- "Blest art Thou, Lord, our God, King pel according to Luke and the Acts of of heaven and earth, Who hath sanctithe Apostles in Hebrew and in Yid- fied us by Thy commandments, and hath again blest the earth, which Thou dish, and the still valuable tract of Jo- didst curse because of the first Adam, for the sake of the second Adam, who hann Mueller, "Light at Evening is Messiah, the son of David, Jesus of Time," in Hebrew, Yiddish, and Ger- Nazareth, the Lord of our righteousman, and these books Schultz used ness, blest be His name forever and extensively in his missionary work ever. Amen." Hearing such a blessamong the Jews. ing at the breaking of the bread by a Jewish company all were astonished, Stephen Schultz's manner of ap- and some were so offended that they proaching the Jews with the Gospel were about leaving the table, when was direct and- yet inoffensive. On others sought to pacify them, saying: entering a little town in Bavaria he "This is a new blessing of the new was met by a Jew who asked him what covenant." Finally an opportunity was he had to sell. Schultz replied: "A given to Schultz to explain the blessvery valuable Sunday dress." The Jew, ing. Then friendly religious conversatook him to his house and anxiously tion ensued till near midnight, when waited to see the dress. Mr. Schultz the company separated with general took out his Hebrew Bible and read satisfaction. Isaiah lxi: 10, and pointed out the way of salvation. He was soon inter- At Teschen, which town Schultz rupted by the Jew, who exclaimed: visited several times, he entered the store of a Jewish merchant to buy "Oh, I know now who you are! some articles. He conversed with one Why do you travel about?" of the Jewish clerks on the necessity of an atonement for sin, when the "To seek the seed of Abraham Jew asserted that every man can atone among the Jews." for his own sins. Schultz made him agree to the statement that we all are In the meantime a number of Jews become altogether as an unclean thing, had collected and cried out with one and then asked him: voice: "We are the seed of Abraham." Then the messenger of the Gospel read 'C) them in Hebrew Isaiah i :1-4, where . c111s them rebellious children,

"How, then, can we pay our debts to met hostility and even threatening~, God or atone for our sins?" but almost always the calm disciple of the lowly and meek Nazarene dis- "We must pray, fast, give alms, de., armed his opposers so that they began for altho we clare not now offer any to listen to his message and, in 50me sacrifices, yet if we read over the in- cases, became themselves convinced stitution and rights of >,acrifices, it of the Messiahship of Jesus. We have will be accepted." room to record here only one of these cases. It was in Hanover. Schultz Schultz, without paying any atten- entered the synagog, where he found tion to this absurd statement at this a crowd of Jewish boys. He told them time, asked: "How much do lowe the story of the Messiah, as it is for these articles I bought?" recorded in the Old and New Testa- ments. While Schultz was talking to "Fifty-seven cents." the boys their teacher, a student of the "Please write it down upon the Talmud, entered. In excitement and counter, lest I forget it." anger he called the Christian an idol- The Jew did so, and Schultz read ater and a tempter of the children, ten times: "Fifty-seven cents," and and tried to drive him away. Schultz then walked to~ard the door as if he said: "Have I not spoken of Moses would depart. The clerk called him and the prophets?" back, saying: "You have not paid me." "Yes, but you connect that all with "What! Have not yet paid? Have I the Thaleh (the hanged one, a nick- not read over ten times just: what you name for Jesus). wrote ?" "Yes, but that will not pay your "With Him is everything connect- debt." ed. Thou, too, must be connected with "And will you then deal so treach- Him, else thou wilt be lost." erously with God, and think to pay your debts to Him by repeating some "What! I should be connected with prayers, etc?" the Thaleh? Rather–" and here he Then the Jew became anxious, and made a motion as if to cut his throat. began to inquire: "What means have Then he scolded and curst, clenched you to pay your debts?" Thus Schultz his fists, stamped his feet, and showed had an opportunity to explain to him the greatest anger. Calmly Schultz , and other Jews, who had in the mean- stept before him and, looking him time gathered, Psalm lxix: 4 and into the angry eyes, said: "Thou must Isaiah !iii. be connected with the Thaleh. If Frequently the faithful messenger not, thou shalt be judged and con- of the Gospel, like Paul, entered the demned, and these boys shall be wit- Jewish synagog and opened unto the nesses." astonished Jews their own Scriptures of the Old Testament. Sometimes it Two years later Schultz was labor· even appeared that he was invited to ing among the Jews in Gottingen, expound on the succeeding Jewish when a young student of theology vis- Sabbath the regular lesson in the pres- ited him. It was the student of the ence of the rabbi and the whole con- Talmud from Hanover. The words of gregations. Sometimes, however, he the messenger of the Crucified One had continued to sound in his ears,

SCHULTZ, MISSIONARY TO THE JEWS 42

until at last the proud spirit surren- Jewish rabbis whom he met, and the dered, and the former enemy of the Jewish life and character he knew Messiah followed Him outside the most thoroughly. The Jewish people camp and acknowledged Him in bap- always respect deep knowledge, and tism. He now was preparing for the listen patiently to the addresses of ministry. learned men. Thus Stephen Schultz found access to them, wherever he Thus Stephen Schultz approached went, on account of his learning as the Jews, wherever he found them, well as his manifest love for them. with the great question, Do you know the way of salvation in Christ? The question naturally arises here; and so great was his wisdom, by the What was his actual success? How grace of God, that they listened to him many Jews were brought to Christ with greater patience than to almost through the instrumentality of Steall missionaries who have approached phen Schultz? We have no figures them with the Gospel. with which we could answer this ques- tion and prove the success of his There were two reasons apparent twelve years' work. Tho Schultz for this patient listening. First of all, himself quotes in his book, "Leadings the Jews saw at once the great love of the Almighty," many examples of which Stephen Schultz had for theV!. Jews who through his instrumentality In all his acts and in all his words that were brought to Christ,.it will remain love to the brethren in the flesh of the impossible to give figures until the Lord Jesus Christ was apparent. Well books of God shall be opened. Stephen knew the Jews that Schultz had given Schultz kept no list of believing Jews, up a university career which had and Stephen Schultz never baptized a promised pecuniary success as well as Jew. His mission, he thought, was to honor and great fame. He had left a preach the Gospel, and all inquirers place of ease and had chosen the who demanded baptism he directed to . meanly paid office of a preacher of the the local Lutheran pastors. Often he Gospel to the Jews, where he had to heard not even of the conversions sublive in penury and suffering, without sequent to his proclamation of the any outward reward. And no either Truth, because those whose hearts reason for this wonderful sacrifice were touched by the Holy Spirit could be found but love for the Jews, left home and kindred and profest and therefore they listened patiently to Christ where they were unknown. A his words. But there was a second Moravian minister, David Kirchof, reason: they respected him on account bears personal testimony to the fact of his' deep knowledge. Stephen that the Jews, especially in Poland, Schultz was perfect master of Latin, were greatly stirred by the Gospel Greek, Hebrew, German, and thirteen messages of Schultz. Hundreds surother living languages. He was able to rounded the lodging places of the mesconverse with the Jews in Yiddish, senger of Christ and waited anxiously their peculiar dialect, like one of their for the bread of life. Schultz himself own number. 'With the Talmud and tells that in Breslau he found a little other Jewish writings he was more fa- Christian congregation of seventeen miliar than some of the most famous Polish Jews to whom he had pro- cutions from Roman Catholies and claimed the Truth some years before Jews had been frequent. He now while he traveled in Poland. wanted rest. In 1757 he became pastor of St. Ulrichs' Church in Halle, and in But this apparent success in Poland 1760 he was made a magister of thewas quickly brought to naught by lack ology in the university and was also of evangelical indoctrination and by chosen superintendent of the Instituthe violent persecutions of all evan- tum Judaicum. In 1765 he married Jogelical believers by the Roman Cath- hanna Brinkmann, who became a great olic Church. Yet, after all, Stephen help to him in his literary work when Schultz must be numbered among the his eyesight began to fail. On Decemmost successful missionaries to the ber 13, 1776, Stephen Schultz was Jews. called home by the Master for whom he had labored so faithfully. v. The Closing Scenes Stephen Schultz should be an ex- Returning from his trip to Pales- ample to every Jewish missionary, yea, tine and Egypt in 1756, Schultz found to every worker in the vineyard of the his health so weakened by the constant Lord. His motto was: Gentleness conhardships and sufferings that he deci- quers (being the German interpretaded to make his home in Halle. On tion of S. S., Sanftmut sieget), and he foot he had traveled more than 25,000 was faithful unto death. May the Lord mile". More than twenty times he had give us more men like him! been ill danger of his life, and perse- THE GORDON MEMORIAL SUDAN MISSION BY ALBERT R. COOK, M.D., MENGO" UGANDA Missionary of the Church Missionary Society of England The overthrow of the Khalifa at invalided home, and the mISSIon had Omdurman in 1898 delivered the to be abandoned. Since the reconquest Egyptian Sudan from the bondage un- of the Sudan they have again estabder which it had groaned, and opened lished a station at Lui, farther north the way for the evangelization of the than the Americans, also among the vast pagan tribes who for so long had Shullas. been sitting in the shadow of death. The Church Missionary Society was The American United Presbyterians invited by Lord Cromer and the Sirwere the first of Protestant mission- dar in 1904 to take up missionary work aries to utilize the opportunity. Rev. in the remaining district, an immense area between Gondokoro on the south J. K. Giffen tells in his recently pub- and the Sobat River on the north. The Society published an appeal asklished book, "The Egyptian Sudan," ing for recruits, and in October, 1905, how they planted their station in 1902 a well-equipped pioneer party started on the Sabat River, among the Shullas for the scene of their labors under the or Shillooks. leadership of Archdeacon Gwynne, a former C. M. S. missionary at Khar- An Austrian Roman Catholic Mis- tum. He had resigned his direct consion started work among the Dinkas at Kenisa in the "sudd" district in 1864, but every member died or was

19°7] THE GORDON MEMORIAL SUDAN

nection with the Society on becoming arrived at the same place on January chaplain to the Bishop of Jerusalem, 8, 1906. in whose jurisdiction the Sudan is included; but he continued to take the This meeting of the representatives of the two missions, one coming from warmest interest in C. M. S. work. the north, the other from the south, is in itself significant, for it marks the Mongalla, the southernmost govern- realization of the hope breathed by ment post in the Sudan, is thirty miles north of Gondokoro, the most north- brave old Krapf, the C. M. S. missionerly station in the Uganda protectorate. ary at Mombasa, more than forty A. VILLAGE NEAR )JONGA.LLA-GRANARY, SLEB:PING HOUSE, AND TREE WITH VOTIVE OFFERINGS '

This place had been indicated as a pos- years ago, that a chain of mission stasible starting point; and to it the new party directed their steps. As Arch- tions should extend right across the deacon (;wynne could only stay a few weeks with the mission party, the Dark Continent.* society asked their Uganda Mission to select a man to act as temporary * The ' C. M. S. has stations 110W on the east leader of the Sudan pioneer band until the members become accustomed to coast at iIombasa, Frere-Your and Rabai. in the African ways. Accordingly the writer, interior at Machakos and farther west at Kikuyu, who had first gone out to Uganda in 18g6, proceeded north from Mengo, and at Kisumu 'on the eastern s hore or the grea t the capital of Uganda, and reached Mongalla in the Sudan on December Victoria Lake. The well-known Uganda llission 20, after a six weeks' march. The has evangelized Uganda proper, and like a vigor" Sudan party, traveling via Khartum, GUS mother the Uganda native church has sent forth its children north and south, east and. ' west, while strong sister churches have been formed in the country of Bunyoro lying between the Somerset Nile and the Albert Lake, in the countries ';1 Toro and Ankole to the west. and of Busoga and Kavirondo to the eas t. Finally, in 1904, the important Acholi (or Shuli) country was occupied and the first converts baptized at the close of 1905. This country stretches up comparatively close to Gondokoro, and at Gondokoro itself there is a small but earnest band of Christian Baganda who .are anxious to let their lights shine.

BAGANDA BUILDING THE FIRST HOUSE AT THE PRINCIPA.L C.M.S, OI:NKA STATION The new Gordon Memorial Mission Free State occupied the west bank will work chiefly among the Dinkas, of the river and to the east was a while their sphere of influence touches waterless desert. Thirdly, the lanthat of the Ainerican Mission and the guage was too local il~ area to make it chain is continued through the mis- worth while learning it as a start. Bor sions at Khartum and completed by had none of these disadvantages. The the C. M. S. and American missions Dinkas were reputed to number some in Egypt proper. 2,000,000 and to have but, one lan- guage, tho of course dialectical varia- Who can tell what influence for tions are met with over such a vast good these mission stations can exert area. Further, the way was open if staffed by men and women filled by north, south, east, and west for exthe Spirit of God and adequately tension. To Bor, accordingly, the misbacked up by people in the home- sionaries went, believing the Lord had lands? guided their footsteps thither. The Mudir of the district, Cameron Bey, The pioneer party, after careful ex- kindly towed down the gyassa or large ploration round Mongalla, decided to sailing boat, in which the party had move eighty-four miles down the river come from Khartum, and on January and commence work at Bor, where 18 they landed in virgin bush close to they would be in closer touch with the two small Dinka villages. The spot great Dinka tribe. The reasons for is nearly seven miles due south of Genthis were threefold: First, the Baris, eral Gordon's old station of Bor, the the people round Mongalla (the latter latter being marked on all good maps itself being purely a military station, of the Nile. garrisoned by Sudanese troops under British officers), were but few in num- The first task was to clear sufficient ber and purely riverine in distribution. ground to erect tents on; many hands The larger number of the Baris were make light work and the long dried situated in the Uganda Protectorate, grass was burnt, the thorn bushes cut and it was thought they could best be down and piled along the edge of the evangelized from there. Secondly, as clearing to form a zariba or thorn a center Mongalla allowed no room fence, for wild animals were numerous, for expansion. The Uganda Protect- fan palms were 'felled and by evening orate had its northern boundary only several tents erected. twenty miles to the SQuth, the Kongo

GORDON MEMORIAL SUDAN

Archdeacon Gwynne and the writer lections of water, formed during the took a week's journey inland and rains, for their supplies of drinking along the river to gain some idea of . water, etc.

the country and then the former had The Land and the People to return to his work at Khartum.

The country possesses one well- Seasons. The year is practically marked physical feature: it is as flat divided into two parts-the dry season, as a pancake. A hillock twenty feet during the months of December, Janhigh would be a d~lightful feature in uary, February, March, and April; the the landscape, but none is met with. rainy season, during the remaining This is characteristic of the whole months. A sufficient quantity of rain, Sudan, for speaking roughly it may however, falls in March to allow the be said that no hill exists in the land" Dinkas to sow their early crops, and scape as seen from the river from these ripen toward the end of May.

Lado, midway between Gondokoro The heaviest rain falls in July,August, and Mongalla, till close to Khartum, and September.

a distance of well-nigh a thousand During the dry season the wind miles. Perhaps as a consequence of blows with great regularity and with this there are no tributaries emptying considerable force from the east. Be- into the Nile in this part of the coun- ginning near sunrise it increases in try, tho "khors" or swamps produced velocity till midday, when it may at- by the overflow of the Nile are met tain great violence. Through the after- with in the low-lying land bordering noon it gradually subsides again till on the river. there is a great calm about sunrise.

Hence the inhabitants of the inland The nights are generally calm, but by districts depend wholly on surface col- no means always so. Being not very DlNKA CHILDREN IN .A SUDANESE VILLAGE'

far from the equator, the nights and largely drunk. Cocks and hens are days are practically equal in length, small, the eggs of the latter comparthe sun rising and setting all the year ing very unfavorably in size with Euround in the neighborhood of 6 A. M. ropean eggs. Only imported camels, and 6 P. M. donkeys, mules, and horses are met with. In the dry season the heat is intense, the shade temperature in a large, Wild animals are extremely numerroomy, heavily thatched house rising ous. The large herds of elephants are as high as 99° or 100° F., while in a dreaded and in the rainy season are double-roofed tent it may attain 113° said to do much damage. Hippoto IISo F. pota~uses and crocodiles abound in the river and its back-waters. From Trees. Down by the river there is our camps on the river-bank we could a monotonous repetition of thorny hear the trumpeting of elephants, the scrub, intermixt with fan-palms from grunt of the hippopotamus, the roar the fibrous leaves of which the natives of the lion, the growl of the leopard, make excellent rope. More inland, the and the bark of the bush-buck, till we trees get larger, and many stately seemed to be living in the midst of a Borassus palms are met with; their wild menagerie. The sportsmen of the lofty, fusiform stems are crowned with party secured bush-buck, hartbeest, a magnificent head of leaves, whose tyang, oribi, and water-buck. Guineaspiky fronds give a metallic tinkling fowl are ubiquitous, and teal and duGk in the breeze, and the orange-colored frequent the river. Ostriches and fruit of which, nearly as large as giraffe are also seen, but more rarely. cocoanuts, is eaten by the people. Many graceful mimosa trees with The hyena and vulture are the dense foliage afford a refreshing shade great scavengers and are very bold. at midday, and almost everywhere The native dog is small, and displays ebony trees are found, the wood of remarkably good teeth and bad temwhich is so dense that the ax rings on per. Insect pests are numerous. The it almost like iron. mosquito dominates everything on the river-bank and extends for a distance Animals. The domesticated animals of at least five miles inland. This is are such as are met with all over the more remarkable as the generally Africa. The Dinka chiefs have mag- received opinion is that these insects nificent herds of cattle, individual can not travel more than a few hun-' members of which would take first dred yards from their breeding place. prizes in many an agricultural show. At the height of the dry season, how- The Dinkas are exceedingly tenacious ever, when no rain had fallen for of these and nothing will induce them months with the exception of a shower to sell; they are used chiefly as dowry or two which must have been comfor the marriage of girls, a suitor for pletely dried up by the fierce sun of the hand of a young women being as- the following day, a party of us sessed so many head of cattle by her camped two miles from the nearest father or owner. Many intertribal water hoping to escape the attention disputes are connected with these cat- of these unwelcome visitors, but they tle. Sheep and goats are kept in large were' as numerous as on the rivernumbers, the milk of the latter being

bank. On subsequent occasions they The People. The total number of were found as far away as five or six the Dinkas has been estimated as 2,- miles. Ten miles inland, however, ooo,ooo-it is quite possible, however, they were non-existent in the dry that they exceed this number. Inseason, tho they readily made their dividually they are tall and of fine appearance after the rains had set in. physique, a height of six feet being Both species-Culex and Anopheles- common. In color they are jet black are well represented, the latter being with orthognathous not prognathous the carrier of the malarial germ. At features; their legs however, like those J"HE C.H S. PIONEER SUDAN MISSION BOAT, "THE ENDEAYOR"

our river station they bite freely, tho of many African tribes, are thin and' in diminished numbers, through the ill-developed. The men, boys, and day; at night between sunset and sun- young girls do not wear a shred of rise life becomes almost unendurable clothing of any description; the women except under nets. Yet through God's are clad in drest skins. Even ornagoodness but few of the missionaries ments are but slightly affected, a trait up till now have had fever, and those they share in common with the Baris, but mild attacks. A prophylactic dose but a violent contrast to the Acholi. of five grains of quinine daily has been A young Acholi buck resplendent in found of the utmost value, and it must red ochre and grease, with his elabbe remembered' that freedom from orate coiffure, and lip pendant, with malaria results in freedom from black- his corset of tightly wound copper water fever, tnat most fatal of all dis- wire, and his ponderous arm and leg eases to the European in the upper rings is a very different sight from the Nile valley. Scorpions and centipedes ordinary Dinka, clad in nothing but are numerous, especially inland, and a smeared on coating of ashes, which snakes extremely common. presents him in an unusually repulsive

appearance like an animated corpse, steads. Each homestead or "pan"

but which he alleges keeps the flies consists of a sleeping-house or "ut,"

from biting him. Those who do wear a granary or "guk" on piles to protect ornaments have brass and iron brace- the grain from the ravages of white lets, or armlets, or a necklace of beads ants, etc., a Ibw platform or "gen,"

-white, particolored, or blue. They on which the male members of the shave their heads so as to leave a crest family can loll away the day, and a of hair into which ostrich feathers are high platform or "pem," on which the stuck. The staple food is called "rap" youngsters can be placed to scare the (Arabic "dhurra") and is a variety of birds from the ripening grain. Sunk millet. This is very prolific. At the in the ground is the "dong," a wooden commencement of the rains they hoe mortar in which the grain is pounded, up the grass and weeds with a wooden and the cluster of huts is surrounded hoe, iron being very scarce in the by a pakh of "rap" or dhurra, looking country, and drop in the seed which very pretty with its emerald green as takes nearly two months to ripen. it ripens. The space under the granary Maize is known but not much culti- is utilized for cooking by hanging vated. A kind of ground nut is freely mats round.

eaten, and the fruit of a species of The sleeping-house is of the usual mimosa tree which, when finely bee-hive shape; the thatching is ex- grated, stews into an excellent jam, tremely well done, the dried grass and being slightly acid is refreshing. being arranged in tiers or flounces.

They hunt in the surrounding scrub, The circular wall is made of wattle and those living on the river depend and daub, and is only four or five feet largely on fish with which the Nile high. The doorway is microscopic, teems. only just admitting the body of a per- Their riverine villages are few and son on- hands and knees. Tiny holes, scattered-the prevalence of mos- . about the size of a billiard ball, are quitoes being apparently not compen- pierced in the walls to act as venti- sated for by the ample and perennial lators, but even these are often sttiffed water supply and the abundance of up. Add a smoldering fire and you fish. The bulk of the population on will form some idea of the stoicism the east side of the Nile, the only dis- required to crawl in and see a sick trict in which we have as yet traveled, patient on the inside of one of these live in a chain of villages stretching huts on a hot day. The thatch is fin- from south to north for nearly a hun- ished off in a pinnacle with a forked dred miles running parallel with the stick at the top. Many houses have river and at a distance of ten to fifteen a small porch. The door is formed by miles from it. The village in which a mat.

we are planting our principal station The bedstead is represented by a is really an immense clearing in the dried skin or mat. A spindle-shaped surrounding forest or scrub, and piece of light ambatch wood represents forms an oval, the long diameter of pillow and chair. .

which is nearly five miles, the short A chief will have in addition to about a mile and a half. Dotted about these a much larger hut with a tall this are innumerable clusters of home- horse-shoe shaped doorway which

GORDON MEMORIAL SUDAN MISSION

serves the purpose of a cattle kraal. to be broken through. The same evil The wall of this is quite low; but the influence runs through their whole large thatch covers it like a cap. manner of life. They only sow enough These little homesteads are kept won- seed to satisfy their need through the derfully clean and tidy, but as no san- dry season. Deferred rains bring itary arrangements are made, the them to the verge of starvation; a failodors that are met with in the vicinity ure in the rains means death. Only are not always of the sweetest. The providing enough for themselves they natives often cultivate vegetables to eat with their food; one species called A VILLAGE IN THE EGYPrlA.N SUDAN "kwol" is rather like a vegetable marrow. have none over to trade with, hence a magnificent grain-producing country There is no king in the country, but is almost entirely unexploited. The in each large village there is a, para- same thing is really at the root of their mount chief or "Bain," who is looked cowardice. Every year they are raided up to as the titular head of the com- by the Bers, a warrior tribe living munity, and decides disputes, etc. some eighty miles east of the Dinka Many of the old chiefs have large country; as the intervening district is families, their children after marriage waterless these raiding parties can hiving off and starting a new cluster only come across in the height of the of houses. No regular taxes have rainy season when the water lies in as yet imposed by the Sudan govern- pools on the ground. They attack at ment, but the villages have voluntarily night, only once a year, and at the time brought cattle to government stations of the waning moon so that the Dinkas as an indication that they consider know pretty well when to expect them. themselves tributary to the govern- Yet their natural indolence is such that ment. they set no watchman, but rely on the screams of those first attacked to warn The ch'aracter of the people is much the others, who thereupon take to hurwhat one would expect to find in a ried flight, driving off their cattle into totally heathen country. Evil is reck- the surrounding woods. The object oned only as evil when detected; sor- of the Bers is to obtain cattle and row for sin is proportionate to the women, and were but a watch kept it punishment inflicted. Lying and steal- is certain that with a very moderate ing are rampant; right in their sight amount of courage the Dinkas would is practically might. Two characteristics are met with however, that certainly do not appear in many other African tribes-the one is laziness, the other cowardice. The outstanding featun.· that impresses a stranger is lazines~. The men, young and old alike, except under the transitory stimulus of some strong need, lounge through life. Not only do they indulge in long nights, but the midday siesta is a most sacred institution not lightly

be able to defeat their vastly inferior with God either that the illness may be enemy, fatigued as the latter wouid be removed or that rain may fall. The by their long forced march. priest drinks the blood of the animal, and the friends of the chief consume The arms of the Dinkas are a spear, the flesh. Often, in front of their shield, and club, the latter being made kraals, a rough clay model of a cow of the very hard ebony wood. A few or goat, or both in one, is made, the have bows and arrows. head being represented by a mere wooden post, but the horns and tufts The women do most of the heavy of hair of a bull being inserted, while work of life. They build the houses, the rope for leading the animal is they thatch them, fetch the water, thrown roulld it. This model is suppound the dhurra, cook, etc. posed to guard the cattle which are picketed round it from evil, and ritual The children tend the sheep and dances take place round it. goats, fetch fire-wood, and the girls help in pounding the food'. Knowledge of a fut1:lre state is very vague. The dead are buried in a As regards arts and industries, they crouched-up attitude in a hole dug manufacture clay pots and pitchers close to the house. No utensils or very neatly without a wheel, they can weapons are buried with them. On inweave beautifully baskets of every quiry as to a future life some say, size, mats, etc., and the blacksmiths "We don't know"; others,' with a are clever at forging knives, spear- cheerful optimism, saYI "We shall all heads, harpoons, fish-hooks, and axes go to heaven." But the general opinout of any old iron. The furnace con- ion is a vague and comfortless agsists of a clay twyer, and the bellows nosticism. Some say that evil men are clay pots covered in at the top with will be tormented below grounJi by stretched goat hides, to the center of a spirit called Main-dit. each of which is attached a long stick; these are worked up and To such people we are sent with a down, and the blast of air directed message of hope. We bring with us through the twyer on to the glowing the Gospel which tells them of joy in charcoal. A stone forms an anvil the place of sorrow, of protection and a rough mass of iron a hammer. from all evil influences, of self-control instead of license, and of a home Religion. They recognize a Su- beyond the grave ·where a loving preme Being whom they call "Deng- Father awaits His children ransomed dit" or "Nyalic." The name Deng-dit by the blood of Christ, who died to is connected with rain (Deng), to save them. The work is full of promwhich they, of course, attach great im- ise. Already the young men are gathportance; Nyalic merely means heaven. ering round, and in the few months we have been here are learning to There are also a host of subsidiary work and earn honest wages. The sick are being treated and are finding out spirits called "Jark," whose malign in- the advantages of skilled medical aid -they readily submit to treatment fluence they greatly fear. When a and the work opens great possibilities. chief is ill, or rain does not fall, an animal, either a bull or· a sheep (according to the wealth of the individual) is sacrificed by having its throat cut, and the spirit of the animal is supposed to go into heaven there to plead

MISSIONARY NEEDS AND POSSIBILITIES OF SOUTH AFRICA

The most frequent diseases among mlsslOnaries forty years ago, and them are dysentery, malarial fever, bronchitis, guinea-worm, etc. Cases which was corrected by a Dinka eduof goitre seem unusually numerous. Hernia, pyaemia, eye-diseases, and cated in England, whither he had been many other surgical affections are common. sent by General Gordon when he was Language. This belongs to the so- governor-general of the Sudan. called Nilotic group, which occupies an immense stretch of country reach- A translation of the Lord's prayer ing from a point three hundred miles south of Khartum to half-way down is appended in Dinka, and also in the east side of the Victoria Lake, a distance of 1,400 miles. It has affinities Acholi, a cognate Nilotic language, with the Shulla tongue on the north and the Bari language on the south. for purpose of comparison: The grammar, like that of all Niloti languages, is a simple one. The British Dinka Version and Foreign Bible Society have published a Dinka version of St. Luke's Wada Yin e Nyalic, acoldu abe lee, Gospel, the basis of which was a tran$,- pandu abeben, piondu abeloi pin atit aloi lation made by the Roman Catholic nyalic. Yek ahok bucarn akola. Pal ahok Kerac Kwa atit ahok apal Koic aloi ahok Kerae. Duna dorn ahok tern-ie, lone Koin aho!,; tong arac. Ke bain, ryer, adit Kedu. Ater Ko ater. Amen.

A choli Version Wonwa rna tye i polo, nyingi obedi ler, Ker meri obin. Gin maimito gitiyi wi lobo parne gitiyi·i polo. Miyiwa tin cam- wa rna tin. Koekwa gin maracwa pame wan waweko ji madubowa. Gwok imi yiwa niomwa cwinwa, ento i larwa i gin rnarac. Keno Ker, Ki niloyo, Ki nilworo, mall meri, con Ki con. Amen.

THE MISSIONARY NEEDS AND POSSIBILITIES OF SOUTH AFRICA * BY PROFESSOR MARAIS, B.A., D.D.

Professor in the Theological Seminary at Shellenbosch, Sonth Africa Our God is a patient God who bides There was a long pause in the history His time. HE thinks in centuries: of Christianity-a pause of centuries WE dream in minutes and sec- -when Southern Africa lay wrapt in onds, the sands of the hour-glass. The darkness, unknown, unhonored, unlaw of divine progress is nature's law evangelized. It was discovered in after all. It is the law of pause amid 1486, colonized in 1652. Many a ship's intense activities. Each foam-crested crew landed: few stayed. Sir Francis billow is lost apparently in the deep Drake called it "the fairest Cape in the trough which succeeds, only to rear whole circumference of the earth." its head aad speed onward to the far- Yet nearly two centuries elapsed beoff horizon. In the trough the wave fore Europearis settled and made this was not lost. It was being prepared "fairest spot" their home. Johan Anfor further advance. thony van Riebeek landed here in April, 1652, and breathed the prayer, Nations must wait till God's purposes that "among these brutish men the 'of fulfilment are ripe. T.he pauses are true reformed religion might be proppreparations for a mighty advance.

• Condensed from an address delivered at the Conference in Cape Town.

agated and extended." That prayer the new era of missionary activity and is preserved in our archives, and was missionary enthusiasm. In earlier repeated at every meeting of the ages the Church of God had no hori- Council. As far back as 1632, Holland zon. Her vision was too limited. She sent its missionary to Abyssinia in the was satisfied with her achievements in North, and the New Testament was the home field. She was "rich and translated into Amharic; Walaeus, increased with goods and had need professor in" the University of Leiden, of nothing." Self-satisfied and at ease actually established a school for the in Zion the Church itself became not training of missionaries in 1612; and unfrequently the stumbling block in Professor Hoornbeek, of Utrecht, ad- the spread of Christ's kingdom. When vocated the colonization by Holland in 1664 Freiherr von Welz advocated of h~athen lands, because, he said: the establishment of a missionary col- "God has given us colonies not for our lege at every German university, Sugain, but to bring the heathen to a perintendent Ursinus, of Regensburg, knowledge of the true God." scouted th~ idea as a "casting of God's pearls before dogs and swine." Pieter van der Stael, the brotherin-law of Van Riebeek, became the History repeated itself with surfirst real missionary to the young col- prizing lack of originality in 1796 ony in South Africa. He labored when the General Assembly of the among the degraded "beach-rangers" Church of Scotland adopted the followherding in wretched hovels on the ing resolution: "To spread abroad the slopes of the Lion's Head. We may knowledge of the Gospel among barnot idealize those early attempts, but barians and heathen nations seems to surely we dare not ignore them. How be highly preposterous in so far as it prayer binds the centuries and the anticipates, nay even reverses the order races together! In 1652 Van Rie- of nature. Yet three years later, on the beek uttered his prayer on behalf of 21st of April, 1799, "the South Afrithe barbarians that swarmed over the can Society for the propagation and subcontinent. In 1806 the sainted extension of Christ's kingdom" was Henry Martyn "lifted his soul to God established in Cape Town by a comfor Africa on the battle-field of Dutch pany of godly men and women. and British, and prayed that the capture might be ordered for the advance- Those praying men and women ment of Christ's Kingdom; and that were the forerunners of the Neeth- England, while she sent the thunder lings and Hofmeyrs and Murrays, of her arms to distant regions, might whose names are identified with every not remain proud and ungodly, but good work in connection with the show herself great indeed by sending Dutch Reformed Church in South Afher Church to diffuse the Gospel." rica. Is it then to be wondered at that the latest census report (1904) credits God is a waiting God! The time the Dutch Reformed Church with of preparation must be completed be- twenty-seven per cent. of the mixed fore the time of advance arrives. races within Cape Colony, and twenty Thus it came about that not the sev- per cent. in the Orange River Colony? enteenth nor the eighteenth, but the The number of adherents belonging ninetenth century saw the dawn of to any missionary organization can

7] MISSIONARY NEEDS AND POSSIBILITIES OF SOUTH AFRICA

not be accurately traced in the census back to 1736, followed by the London returns. But in the absence of more Society in 1798. The Wesleyans comreliable information these reports have menced their labors in 1814, and since a meaning of their own. then Germany, France, Norway, Fin- land, Sweden and America furnished The census returns are as follows: their contingents. Between 1736 and 1854 twelve missionary associations PER CENT. OUT OF established themselves here, and be- MIXED RACES TOTAL OF tween 1854 and 1900 nineteen other agencies were added. The subconti- WITHIN 339,4II nent has been fairly evangelized, bet- CAPE COLONY ter evangelized, than many a mission- ary land. D. R. Church ……. 27 9 1 ,23 0 Anglican Church … 24 80,074 And yet to understand the situa- Congregationalists .. IS 51,582 tion the following facts must be borne Methodists ……… 14 47,042 in mind: The subcontinent is cred- Lutherans ………. 13 44,389 ited with a population of 1,145.404 Presbyterians ……. 2 whites against 9,178,175 colored. Roman Catholics … 1 7,564 4,872 Among these millions there labor, according to more accurate statistics The Dutch Reformed Almanac re- furnished by Dr. Andrew Murray, duces these numbers considerably, but "31 societies, with 750 ordained misaccurate statistics are not procurable. sionaries and 8,700 native helpers." In the Orange River Colony twenty What are the results? According to per cent. of the colored inhabitants the same authority the missionary soare returned as adherents of the Dutch cieties may be credited with "250,000 Reformed Church-i. e., out of a total church-members and 136,390 scholars." of 116,508 no fewer than 23,844 are In this enumeration count is not taken supposed to belong to this church. of mere adherents as in the census returns, and consequently the reduc- Present Conditions tion in numbers is great. But the sphere of missionary influence is by So much for the past. How do no means limited to the circles emwe stand at the opening of the twen- braced by the church registers. Some tieth centurl? Let us compare the native races have felt the influence of year 1805 with the year 1905· Christianity more than others. Of the Fingoes, for example, about fifty per A century ago the whole white pop- cent. are registered as professing ulation in South Africa amounted to Christianity; of the Kafirs and Beonly 25,757, a fourth of these living in chuanas some twenty-six per cent. Cape Town. Of the heathen no count Among the mixed races in the colony was made. Here and there a mission proper various agencies are at work. station had been established-an oasis The Dutch Reformed Church has a in a spiritual desert. But only two home mission consisting of some fifty European societies at that time inter- fully organized congregations: thirty ested themselves in South Africa-the of these are united in a separate synod, Moravians and the London Missionary Society.

In 1905 how different is the scene! Thirty-one missionary agencies are at work in this subcontinent. The earliest – the Moravian Society – dates

with their own presbyteries and their have not improved the missionary sit- own consistories.* uation.

The others will follow in course of Natal has a problem of its own in time. But missionary influence can not be estimated by the lists of names on th~ 1Oo,9r8 Asiatics, of whom some the various registers. Each mission congregation is a center of light in sur- 98,000 are still heathen. Transvaal rounding darkness. ':How far that little candle throws its beams! 50 contributes 50,000 Chinese, Cape Colshines a good deed in a naughty world." Who can estimate the wide- ony r6,000 Malays. Here in Cape reaching influence of the Gospel of the living God? Town is a mosque from whose Minaret The Problems the call to prayer in the name of Mo- This suggests a number of ques- hammed is heard five times a day. tions which press for an answer, many a problem that awaits solution. The Asiatic problem therefore looms Unevangelized areas there are few. In Rhodesia there are roo,ooo Wa- up large before the Church of God in karanga-in the sphere occupied by the Dutch Reformed Church-with this subcontinent. seven m1sslOnaries. Among the Matabele there are about 75,000 who can The dark races are awaking; they make use of the Bible translated into their own tongue. But in Portuguese have cravings for education, which East Africa some five and one-half millions-according to others three can not be repressed, which will be and one-half millions-are practically unevangelized. A small mission at satisfied. To fling that problem into Beira, another at Inhambane, are about all that we can show. German the political arena, where too fre- Southwest Africa is in a state of chaos. Wars and rumors of wars quently men "give up to party what *No allusion is made to the foreigu mission work is meant for mankind," will not make of the colonial branch Qf the Dutch Reformed Church. the solution easier. Doctor Roberts The two largest areas lie in Mashonaland and the lake country around ~ake Nyasa. of the mission of Lovedale, speaking of the native work of the Dutch Church of the Orange River Colony, Doctor Gundert says: H In nearly everyone of population of 9,420,000 south of the its twenty-five (read: forty-two) congregations mission work is done by the ordained clergyman of the Zambesi, says: "Taking fifteen per parish and a native evangelist. A mission station was undertaken at Witzieshoek in 1870, and in 1889 cent. of these as children, there are at three stations formerly belonging to tbe Paris Society were entrusted to it.~' The Dutch Reformed present r,41O,OOO native children in Church has a missionary training institute at Well· ington and another at Worcester, with a theological South Africa who may reasonably be seminary for the training of its ministers at Stellen· considered as fit for school. Even if bosch. the native races remain numerically stationary for thirty years, there will still be a vast army of children wait- ing for education. In 1934 there ought to be no fewer than 2,000,- 000 native children attending school."

He adds the remarkable words, "Two million pupils, thirty thousand teach- ers~' there is the native problem in a nuts hell."

But does education pay? Let us hear two statements. The one is a serious indictment of all missionary work. It is to be found in Mr. H. 5.

Grogan's "From Cape to Cairo." He says: "A good sound system of com- pulsory labor would do more to raise the nigger in five years than all the

MISSIONARY NEEDS AND POSSIBILITIES OF SOUTH AFRICA

millions which have been sunk in mis- On the other hand, education with- sionary ef ort for the last fifty years;" out Christianity will not truly elevate His whole philosophy is epitomized in the native. "The three R's, taken by a sentence: "What can not be civil- themselves, may lead to a fourth R- ized must be eliminated." viz: Rascaldom," as Florence Night- Place over against this the statement ingale has said. True education not of the Hon. Marshall Campbell, ad- only aims at the evolution of what is dressing a missionary meeting held at good in man, but especially at the re- Verulam in Natal: generation of the human being in Two years ago I would have refused to body, soul and spirit. . The native is attend a missionary meeting. I was one to be taught to say, not: "0 progresof a commission sent through South Af- sive creature that I am, who will help rica to study the native question and had me to evolve what is good in me?" to acknowledge the good and noble work but: "0 wretched man that I am, who done by missionaries. I had found that at Kimberley the educated boys were the will deliver me from the body of this best behaved in the compounds. I made a death?" point during the visit of the British association of throwing into contrast the raw But how about the so-called higher natives with the educated ones, and have education? On this point Doctor Robsince repeatedly received letters stating that erts of Lovedale spoke very wisely the writers. were so impre5t that their atti- at the missionary conference held at tude regarding missionary work would be Johannesburg in 1904: altered and they would do all they could to help it.* The principle which governs the exis- tence or which explains the existence To crown the whole we find the of such higher classes is not the ques- "Report of the South African Natives tion of capacity or the lack of it, the fitness of things or the opposite, but the Affairs Commission of 1903-1905" simple one of sUPPly and demand. I think confirming this expression of opinion in the following terms: the demand for natives with higher qualifi- cations is a somewhat restricted one, at The consensus of opinion expr~st before least for the present. If the demand is the commission is to the effect that educa- there, a higher college might take contion, while in a certain number of cases it crete form, it being always understood that has had the effect of creating in the natives those attending it pay the cost of its mainan aggressive spirit, arising no doubt from tenance. an aggravated sense of individual selfimportance which renders them less docile The Need for Men and less disposed to be contented with the At no previous period in the history position for which nature or circumstances of South African missions have the have fitted them, has had generally a bene- problems been so intricate as now. ficial influence on the natives themselves, and by raising the level of their intelligence The great need for men is still and by increasing their capacity as workers there. Dr. James Stewart calculated and their earning power, has been an ad- that there were 7,000 workers in the vantage to the community. Testimony has mission fields of the world, not countbeen given as to the value of education as ing women workers and native pasa concomitant of religious and moral in- tors. But what is this number as comstruction and as to its economic effect in pared with the thousands of minisraising the standard of material comfort and thus creating wants. ters, evangelists, lay workers in Eu- • The Cape Times, November ro, 1905. See also rope alone? There are 23,000 bene- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, April, ficed clergymen in the Church of Eng- '906, page 307.

land and less than one-third of that What a commentary on missionary number in the great field of the world. methods! What a waste of spiritual energy, what a lamentable loss of spir- We need sanctified common sense. itual prestige, because we carry into We need a larger charity. We need a the mission field our home pr.ejudices revival of that divine trinity in unity and our ecclesiastical rivalries! ·-Faith and Hope and Love. The eldest-born in the union of Faith and In early days, when the Boers Love is Hope. Hie, too, need a hori- "trekked" northward, Piet du Preez, zon-a horizon not bounded by the a stalwart South African Dutchman, mission station for which we labor, joined them with wife and family. by the sect we represent, by the church Leaving the wagons, he and his party to which we belong, by the principles went on a hunting expedition. On to which we cling, or by the race from their return they found those wagons which we come. We need closer un- rifled, the cattle stoltm, their wives and ion, less aloofness, less distrust, a children brutally murdered. One womlarge-hearted recognition of each an remained alive to tell her story and other's needs, hopes, aspirations; a then to breathe her last. She had union, not by freezing-Hfaultily fault- shielded her babe, or had tried to do less, icily regular"; a union, not by so, and lay fearfully wounded by fire, fiercely fusing for a time, then seventeen thrusts of the dreadful asserunning into a mold, fixed, stiffened, gaai. Du Preez vowed vengeance on hard; a union not of the dead, not a the black-hearted fiends, who at a cemetery of peaceful slumbers, but a stroke had deprived him of wife and union in the Holy Ghost. seven children. A wave of revival some years after swept across North- We need a great revival, for a re- ern Transvaal under the auspices of vival in the home church means a that sainted missionary of the Dutch revival among the heathen. Every Church, Stephanus Hofmeyr. Natives great revival in the history of the and Boers were converted. Piet du Church has always been followed by Preez was won for Christ. Going out an outbreak of missionary fervor. In into the veldt one evening he heard consecrated lives our racial problems, from behind an ant-heap some one our ecclesiastical problems, our relig- muttering as if in great soul trouble. ious problems will be solved. Drawing near he found a Kafir on his knees, agonizing over sin and seeking It is painful to read Mr. Froude's the unknown Savior. Du Preez knew accou~t of his visit to the Baralong little of the language, but he knelt chief, Maroko, at Thaba 'Nchu. by the Kafir's side and poured out his soul in his mother-tongue for one of Two of the princes are Christians arid a race that had so deeply wronged are anxious for their father's conversion. him. The blended voices must have But he sticks to his heathenism. "My sons," reached the ear of Him who died that he says, "want me to be baptized. I say black and white may live! This was to them, 'Christians here,' pointing to the vengeance indeed. "I will repay," Wesleyan station, 'and Christians there,' saith the Lord. pointing to the Anglican monks. 'Chri'3tians there won't speak to Christians here. When one 'of them has converted the other, it will be time to come to me.'''

MISSIONARY WORK IN BRITISH BORNEO

,.,ISSIONART WORK IN BRITISH BORNEO SOCIETY FOR PROPAGATION OF THE GOSPEL BY MISS J. QUIGLEY, LONDON, ENGLAND Two-thirds of this great island be- made to establish British settlements longs to the Dutch. North Borneo and in the country, but without success. the State of Sarawak are governed respectively by a British trading com- The enterprising traveler, Mr. pany and by an English rajah pro- James Brooke, became much intected by the British Government. The terested in the Dyaks-an aboriginal British Protectorate was formed in race-and after an absence of eight 1888, and practically includes the years came back in 1838 to settle at greater part of North Borneo, with all Sarawak, determined to try to put the islands within three leagues of its down piracy and the slave-trade, as coast. Between British North Borneo well as many other barbarous customs. and Sarawak is a small native state During his absence he had fitted out under the Sultan of Brunei, and vari- a yacht and trained a crew at his own · ous petty tribes still exist throughout expense, and landed at Kuching to the country, as well as the Dyaks, face the colossal task before him. Soon Malays, and Chinese who form the afterward he was asked to help the chief population of the island. native rajah in quelling a native re- bellion, and he gradually gained such The story of the British connection influence with the rajah and people with Borneo reads like a romance, the that they inv~ted him to take over the. hero of that romance being Mr. :Tames government. He was proclaimed ra- Brooke, an Englishman, who was jah in 1842, and from that day until cruising on the coast -in 1830 for his death in 1868 Mr. Brooke devoted health and amusement. During the all his energies to develop the state previous century attempts had been and improve the natives. One must

refer to his own words to see what Dyaks are a warlike and energetic feelings prompted him in this work people, said to have learnt piracy from which was by no means undertaken the Malays who infested the coasts for self-aggrandizement: and rivers in their enormous galley:> Day after day, month after month, it or prahns manned by slaves. The Seais the same story-a life of watchfulness, Dyaks were given to all kinds of savof flight and fight In the course of every age customs, including head-hunting, year many lose their lives, and more their which was part of their creed, when liberty, Oh, that my ability to save these Rajah Brooke began his government. benighted people were equal to my incli- The Land-Dyaks are a milder people, nation to do so! My anxiety and my de- more amenable, but less energetic and sire to ameliorate their condition ar.e intelligent. There was much constant boundless; and tho the love of home may beckon me thitherward, yet I must never trouble between the Dyaks and the Malays and Chinese, but both Dyaks dream of returning to my native land un- and Mal~ys now take part in the Saratil at least some measure of good has been wak government which they serve loyally. accomplished. I must always bear in ~ind that I am not acting for myself The Dyaks are brave and hosalone, and that any loss or gain is but a trifling consideration compared with my character for justice and the impres- . pitable; indeed, hospitality is a law of sian of European conduct generally on their country. They live in long the native mind, Injustice and tyranny now stalk through the land, The Dyaks houses erected on posts, each house are slaughtered without mercy and the containing a community of two to coast is almost blocked with the Sulu fifty families under a head man and pirates. this mode of liVing, formerly neces- Borneo is richly vegetated, with ex- sary for mutual protection, now tends tensive forests and mountains and a to retard civilized habits. Each fam- picturesque coast. The magnificent ily has its own rooms opening on to rivers which fertilize the country form a veranda, the common property of its principal highways, hence the Dyak all, where men and women work at villages and clearings th~t are scat- their various occupations and receive tered along the banks of the rivers. their visitors, including the missionary.

Much of the interior has not been It is not difficult to imagine the trying opened up, and is almost impossible effect on the teacher during the noise to explore on account of its dense and interruptions-and work among jungles and of the slippery rock with the Dyaks has other peculiar diffi- which the mountains abound. The culties. Owing to the uncertainty of climate with its damp heat is trying to travel they come at all hours, and stay Europeans, and in parts of North indefinitely at the mission, where a Borneo the climate is unbearable to common room is usually provided for people brought up in more temperate visitors.

lands. The Dyaks have a vague sort of re- The aborigines of Borneo are ligion, which consists mostly of fear of Dyaks, divided into two principal unseen things. They have innumer- branches: the Sea-Dyaks and Land- able superstitions and charms for con- Dyaks-these being again subdivided ciliating evil spirits, even the horrible into many families or tribes. The Sea- practise of head-hunting being C01J-

WORK IN BRITISH BORNEO 44I

neeted with their belief. On the death Propagation of the Gospel or the of a relative, a Dyak man took human Christian Missionary Society-could heads to propitiate the evil spirits, undertake the work but a small fund and this practise became a sort of war- was begun by individuals and the Solike virtue. Before a youth was con- ciety for the Propagation of the Gossidered eligible for matrimony he pel granted £50 per annum. Then the proved his courage by bringing a right man to take charge of the mishuman head to the girl he wished to sion was found in the Rev. F. T. marry, and the women incited their McDougall, who, with his brave wife, men-folk to continue their ghastly cus- did a splendid work in Borneo for toms. Even after Christian influence eighteen years. Taking their baby and had abolished some of their horrors, nurse they left England in a sailboat the hereditary feeling broke out again in December, 1847, and arrived in in 1857 when the Chinese rose against May, 1848, at Singapore, where they Rajah Brooke and the missionaries, had to wait four weeks for a boat to and the loyal Dyaks became absolute- take them to Kuching in Sarawak. ly bloodthirsty in revenge. The Rev. W. Wright, his wife and baby sailed with them, and this voy- Such were the people among whom age by sailboat, the months of monotmission work was begun in 1848. ony and discomfort it involved, com- Piracy and the slave-trade were so mands our admiration in these days ripe that Rajah Brooke felt the only of easy travel. While on board the chance of really changing these people party mapped out their days for work was to introduce Christian ideals, and and recreation, and studied Malay, he appealed to the English Church to helped by a Bible translated into that help him. Neither of the church mis- language by the Dutch. sionary societies-the Society for the ATTB"B WltLL, IN THE MISSION COl1POUND, KUCHING, NORTH BORNKO

The missionaries were hospitably But these savage customs are now received by the rajah and housed in more or less ~xtinct. There are Dyak part of the court-house-formerly oc- and Chinese lay-workers in the native cupied by a German missionary, the church, tho none are yet sufficiently only trace of whose occupation was advanced to study for the ministry; the torn Bibles and tracts still used to hence it seems that there is no hope of wrap up parcels in the Bazaar. A seeing a purely native church for some school and dispensary were soon time to come. Many of the Chinese opened by Mr. McDougall who, hav- have become Christians, but the Ma- ing qualified as a doctor, was able to lays who are mostly Mohammedans look after the sick. In r85r, the are slow to embrace Christianity. The Bishop of Calcutta (Borneo being at Mohammedans push their own faith that time part of his diocese) came to zealously, and their hatred is the consecrate the church, and brought greatest source of danger to Christian several clergy to work in Sarawak. missions in Borneo.

In r854 the Society for the Propa- At the present time life at the more gation of the Gospel made a grant of remote mission stations is almost as 13,000 a year to Sarawak, and Mr. primitive as in Bishop McDougall's ~IcDougaII was made Bishop of Lab- day. The missionaries at Banting uan, that island being the only part and other up-country stations live of Borneo un.der the direct control of among their friendly Dyaks cut off the colonial office. Later on Sarawak from the rest of the world. Among was added to the title. Previous to the workers are men and women this there had been a great influx of whose lives are one long record of -the Chinese, some of whom were self-denial. Their letters, received at helped by the missionaries who re- uncertain and irregular intervals, give ceived their children as boarders, and vivid pictures of the life, and if only by the rajah who built a house for space allowed one could' quote at lepers-leprosy being a terrible length from these fascinating letters scourge among the Chinese. All went without in any way betraying confi- well until 1857 when the Chinese dence.

settlers in Sarawak rose, set fire to Kuching, the capital of Sarawak, is the rajah's house and destroyed his a garrison town (of native soldiers) library. The missionaries escaped, situated on a fine river. Here Arch- thanks to the loyal Dyaks, but the pro- . deacon Mesney labored indefatigably longed fighting that ensued did im- for many years, and was succeeded in mense harm to the Dyaks, rousing all r897 by Archdeacon Sharp, also a de- their old savage feelings. Even the voted missionary, who does the work natives who sheltered the missionaries of several men. The important board- served up several newly-smoked heads ing school' for boys includes Christian of their enemies, and could not under- Chinese, Land-Dyaks and Sea-Dyaks, stand the English aversion. Reve~end East Indians, Malays and Surasians.

McDougall wrote: "The fact seemed At Christmas all the Christian Sea- to separate them from us by centuries Dyaks in the district come to Kuch- cif feeling-our disgust and their com- ing for the communion service even placency." tho, as in I/398, they are "huddled in

WORK IN BRITISH BORNEO

boats, sheltered only by palm-leaf at first thwarted by Mohammedans, awnings from almost continuous rain." but the Dyaks listened eagerly "when Archdeacon Sharp's wife and two sis- they found our account of the create.rs are doing an excellent work tion and fall of man corresponded in among the girls and women and long some measure with their own tradifor more money and more helpers to tions." In r853 the Holy Communion extend their efforts. They shelter was administered at Lundu to thirtyorphans, nurse the sick, and teach the six communicants.

MISSION nOUSE KITCHEN, Kuc:nING girls' school. A number of Chinese Mission work at Quop (with have settled in the district, many of Merdang and Sentah) was begun whom became Christians while in their about the year r859, and in about ten own land and remain loyal to the faith. years the whole population became Archdeacon Sharp states that Christi- Christian, but superstition still clings anity has increased wonderfully in the to the older Dyaks as part of their last seven years up the principal rivers. nature.

Lundu (sixty miles west of Kuch- At Banting or Skerang, the largest ing) was first visited by the Rev. F. T. Sea-Dyak village which lies between McDougall in 1848. The banks of the the tributaries of two rivers, the Rev. River Lundu were then inhabited by Dexter Allen and his wife are doing Dyaks, Chinese, and Malays, who had excellent work. For want of clergy never heard the Gospel message, and the missions on the Sarebar and Krian in r850 a mission was opened by the rivers an~ attached temporarily to Rev. V. H. Gomes. His work was Banting. The Dyaks of this part are

the most intelligent and energetic of Owing to the efforts of some indiall the Dyak tribes. One leading chief viduals in England, a woman helper when dying was prest to make offer- has been sent out to Banting, so that ings to the evil spirits-but refused, Mrs. Dexter Allen has been saved saying: "If it be God's will that I from the inevitable collapse of overdie, I shall die; and if He will that I strain and now that a small hospital live, I shall live. Turn all those people has been built, one hopes that her out of the house, and don't let them splendid work will be continued come near me again." among the poor suffering Dyaks.

Banting l1ission was opened in British North Borneo 1851, and some converts became evangelists, among them being a catechist's In concluding this sketch of mission wife who exerted great influence over work of the Society for the Propagathe women of her village. This place, tion of the Gospel in Sarawak, British owing to the tidal riyer, is at times North Borneo must be remembered, almost inaccessible, yet here Mrs. tho the first missionary of the society Dexter Allen, wife of the present mis- did not arrive there until 1888, when sionary, often stayed alone among na- the Rev. W. H. Elton came to estabtives, while her husband visited his lish a mission among Europeans and enormous district away in the jungle. natives at Sandakan. Some years be- Mrs. Allen is a qualifie& doctor who fore a Chinese catechist of the Sogave up her practise to come out to ciety was sent from Kuching to a Borneo and she often works for four- party of Chinese Christians working teen hours a day. Another woman in North Company's settlements. Mr. missionary who visited Banting wrote Elton, helped by his wife, has worked thus of her visit: for seventeen years–sometimes the only clergyman in this vast country of After a couple of hours at Banting we 30,000 square miles. A boys' school had to start again, and it made my heart goes on successfully, and by the aid ache to leave that little Englishwoman of the women's branch of the Society far away up there without chance of see- a girls' sch~ol was started in 1899, ing an Englishwoman for eight or ten to which the first woman teacher is months, and then only under the dread- just being sent. Many branches of ful difficulties of traveling by schooner, the mission are r.ow established, one which has no accommodation for passen- of unique interest being that among gers and is loaded with pigs and gutta- the Muruts, a wild pagan tribe of percha, which smells so bad that one the interior. These people have no does not know even how to pass it in the idea whatever of worship, but their streets. These boats take two or three language is now being reduced for days to make the journey. . . . . You the first time to writing by a miswill say it does 110t do for women to go sionary and it is hoped that in time to these out-of-the-way places….. I say this low race may be elevated by the emphatically after seven years' experience teaching of the Gospel. that it is essential for women to work among the Dyaks. The women are far The struggling Church of Christ in the most uncivilized . . . . and one must Borneo looks to the church in more get hold of the women if one wants the men in villages to embrace Christianity, and they will not be taught b,y men.

MISSIONARY WORK IN 'BRITISH BORNEO

favored lands for help and sympathy, accomplished in fifty years one need and surely it will not look in vain, only refer to the writings of its first "The fields were 'white unto harvest' missionary from the Society for the long ago, Some of the harvest ap- Propagation of the Gospel-afterward pears now to be rotting on the Bishop McDougall: ground, For the laborers are yet fewer than they were, and those that Vhen, in the year 1848, I first went to are left are not sufficient even to Borneo, it was as much an unknown gather up the ears that fall to earth," country as Britain was before the Ro- mans visited it. The inhabitants knew Yet, in spite of these sad facts, it nothing of God; but, if they worshiped must be remembered that quality at all, worshiped the evil spirits, Not MISS M. SHARP AND HER DYAK DISPENSARY, KUCHING rather than quantity is the thing that that they did not believe there was a tells in 111 issions as in all other condi- Great Creator, but their idea was that tions of life, and Borneo has been ex- He slept and did not care for maukind. tremely fortunate in the quality of its It had been the endeavor of the mission- ITI1ss1onaries. The pioneers who la- aries to waken the minds of these people,. bored there for long years were ex- and to tell them of their God and Father; ceptional men-devoted, patient, and and they had in great measure listened to scholarly, with plenty of resource in what was said to them. adapting themselves _to the country and people. To-day there are thous- If only its needs were realized one ands of Christians among the Dyaks feels that men would come forward, and Chinese and other races in Bor- inspired by the example of the great neo, and to understand what has been men now passed ,away-Rajah James Brooke, Bishop McDougall and Bishop Chambers.

WORLD'S CHRISTIAN STUDENT

IN JAPAN BY JOHN R. MOTT,* M.A.} F.R.G.S.

The World's Student Christian Con- Minister of Education, the most influference held in Tokyo early in April ential leader in educational circles in was the most momentous gathering Japan, also recognized the conference ever held in the interest of Christianity by a greeting showing special discrimin Asia, and one of the most signifi- ination and hearty interest. Count cant in the annals of Christianity. This Okuma, one of the two leading elder statesmen of Japan, not only gave a Tum YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION OF TOKYO garden party to the entire conference, but also delivered a most remarkable may be judged in the first place by the address showing an appreciation of marked recognition which it received the part which Christianity has had in from the Japanese Government and making of the new Japan, and comother eminent men of that empire. menting on the vital relation of the The minister of Foreign Affairs, Vis- Christian Association movement in its count Hayashi, not only gave an im- work among the educated classes. The pressive message of greeting, but also Mayor of Tokyo, and the foremost fiaccorded a special reception to the en- nancial men of the capital city, also tire conference in his palace. The gave a brilliant reception to the con- ference and delivered an address of welcome which has been favorably commented on throughout the entire f'ar East. Marquis Ito, the most influ- ential Japanese statesman, contributed 10,000 yen ($5,000) toward the ex- penses of the conference, and sent a cable message from Korea, which made a profound impression. Rulers of other nations sent special messages to the conference. None were re- ceived with so much enthusiasm as the one from President Roosevelt, not ex- cepting the one from the King of Eng- land.

Another indication of the mighty power and influence of the Tokyo con- ference was seen in the attitude and action of the non-Christian religions of Japan. While this Christian con- ference was in session there was also * 1lr. Mott has just returned from the Far East where he has been traveling since January. His tour included the Philippine Islands, China, Korea, and Japan. On this tour the point of dominant interest was the Conference of the World's Student Christian Federation held ill Tokyo early in April. This Conferen~ proved to be influential far beyond the expectations of its promoters. going on in T okyo a Buddhist confer- We, Priests of S hinto, in o rder to ex- press our deep appreciation of your comence attended by 3 ,000 delegates rep- ing, and to commemorate thi s bright event in J apan's history, had planned to invite resenting all the great sects, which a ll of your delegates to a reception where we might enj oy pl easant conversation and have over 30,000,000 adherents. This friendly in tercourse am id the flowers of the springtide. T o our great regret, however. conference sent the following message we learn that you are all separating to go on deputations th roughout the count ry, so of congratulation and good will to the that our purpose can not be carried out. VI' e, therefore, beg to present you as me- Christian Student Convention. This mentos and tokens of esteem the accom- panying small presents. They will serve action is unprecedented and almost in- in place of the proposed reception to ex- press ou r sentiments. We beg o f you to credible: accept our humble offe ring and to convey our heartfelt salutat ions to al l of your Dr. Karl Fries, Chairman; John R . Molt, delegates. Gmeral Secretary of the World's Sltldent Christian Federation. We count it an honor to remain, SIRS :- At the J apan Buddhist Conference Yours si ncerely, which has been held to-day the following KOKO FUJTOKA, resolutions were adopted: R epresentative of the Shi11to Conference. T hat the Japan Buddhist Conference wishes to take thi s opportunity to express Another proof of the unique influits profound respect to the World's Student Christian Fede ration Conference which is ence of this world gathering was the now going on, and also to the di stinguished delegates from abroad; and also That the Japan Buddhist Conference shall send a suitable deputation to convey this resolution to the World's Student Christian Federation Conference.

According to this resolution, we beg to expre ss our respect to the guests from far countri es, in behalf of the Conference.

We are. respectfully yours, RYOGETSU SAKAKIBARA, Shingon Sect. HOJUN K AJI, J odo Sect. TAKUOO KIJIMA, Sodo Sect. TEIGAN ANoo, Shinshu Sect. HORYO TAM URA, Nichiren Sect.

(Ac ting Committee) R epresenting the Ja- pall Buddhist Conferel1ce.

At the same time the Shinto priests T HE ROOli IN WHlCH THE COJoili'KRENCI:C MET IN l'OKYO were holding a great convention in fact that it unlocked the doors of all the other cities throughout the em- T okyo. They also took the initiative pire of Japan. At the close of the con- ference there went forth from Tokyo and sent a deputation with a most nearly twenty deputations, of from two to five workers each, to proclaim striking message of g reeting and sym- the message of Christianity to the edu- cated classes of Japan. They touched pathy. This also is indicative of a every center of importGnce throughout all the islands and were eve[;ywhere change, which five years ago would received with marked cordiality. The highest municipal and provincial offihave been incredible. cials, the chamber of commerce, the educational leaders and other promi- Dr. Karl Fries, Chairmml,' Jolm R . Mott, Esq., General Secretary of the World's Student Christial1 Federation. DEAR SIRS :-We, as a nation, consider it to be the highest honor that the World's Student Christia n Fede ration, over which you pres ide, is now convened in T okyo. The delegates assembled, including yourselv es, rep resenting twenty-five countries, are moved with such enthusiasm .for the cause of peace on earth that your zeal will, we are confident, bring a blessing to the hea rts of mankind, especialy in the development of fraternal good will.

nent classes participated in this uni- following the conference, tens of thou- versal welcome. The attitude of these . classes naturally arrested the attention sands of students and other educated and commanded the confidence of the students and other educated people, so men listened to the proclamation of that the meetings addrest by these Christian deputations were invariably the claims of Christ, and many of them thronged with eager and receptive listeners. Never before has a Chris- exprest a purpose to become Chris– tian gathering met with such a recep- tion or exerted such a wide-spread in- tians. These constituted the most fluence in so short a time. fruitful series of meetings of this kind The conference was attended by 600 leading delegates from twenty-five ever conducted among the students of nations. It was preeminently oriental. 'While all the nations of Europe and any nation. North America, South Africa and Australasia were represented, fully Rev. J. H. Pettee, D.D., of Oka- five-sixths of the delegates were Asi- atics. There were strong delegations yama, sends further particulars as to from Japan, Korea, China, Manchu- ria, Siam, India, Ceylon and the Phil- this great gathering to The Congrega- ippines. Anyone acquainted with the facts, looking over this picturesque tionalist and Christian World, from and representative body would say that there were presented the very which we quote: springs of influence and power in the entire Asiatic church. "That the Christian students of the world should meet in conference here Some would say that the most con- in the Far East, and that the Asiatic vincing evidence of. the marvelous elements should predominate in num- power of the Tokyo conference was bers and recognition; that an oriental the campaign of evangelism which ac- language should share with one of the companied and followed it parallel to Occident the honor of being the chief the convention sessions which were vehicle of communication between conducted daily. Evangelistic meetings speakers and hearers; that non-Chris- were of such remarkable influence that tians should vie with acknowledged they made a deep impression on the followers of Jesus Christ in welcom- educational classes of Tokyo. Not less ing these student hosts; that the priv- than IO,OOO Japanese, Chinese and ilege and possibility of Asia once more other students thronged these meetings. becoming the religious leader of the In one meeting on behalf of the 15,000 world should be given repeated utter- Chinese students in. Tokyo, one hun- ance; that in response to persuasive dred and sixty-eight Chinese students appeals from Mott, Brockman and indicated their desire and purpose to others at the culminating sessions of become disciples of Christ. In connec- the conference hundreds of young. men tion with the visits of the deputations ana. women should have consecrated themselves to the forward movements to which the demands and the oppor- tunities of the time-s invite, and should have pledged an advance in gifts for the next two years of }'en 5,390 per year; all this and more is an indication of the power of this student movement and the promise of its further con- quests in the cause of the Nazarene.

"The limited seating capacity of the YM.C.A. Hall in Tokyo, where the main sessions were held, made admis- sion by ticket imperative and resulted in excluding hundreds who desired to attend. The total number of delegates was 627, of whom some 200 were from abroad. These included 76 from Chi- na, -19 from India, 5 each from France

19°7] WORLD'S CHRISTIAN STUDENT CONFERENCE IN JAPAN

and Korea, I I from Great Britain, 17 promote to the utmost of his power. Assure from United States of America, 4 from them of the lively interest I take in their Conference which will ever remain one of Germany, 3 each from Holland and the most memorable events in the history Sweden, an.d I each from Russia, of Japan. It ushers in a new era in the his- t<ormosa, South Africa, Italy, Nor- tory of intercourse between the East and way, Canada, Denmark and Finland, the West.-Marquis Ito, in a telegram to twenty-five countries in all being rep- the Conference from Seoul, Korea.

resented. Mr. Mott in one of his addresses said: "The varied dress of the different I have read that Japan is the most na- nationalities, the prayers in many lan- tional nation in the world. I would record guages, the occasional double inter- my further conviction that she is the most pretation of a speech, as, for example, international nation in the world. What first from Chinese into English and country has sent so many men all over the then into Japanese, and the harmony world with open-mindedness to search for of hymns sung simultaneously in six the best things the world can offer? What country has been so receptive of great different languages led by piano, or- ideas and institutions regardless of their gan and cornet were impressive fea- source? It is eminently fitting that this world's conference should convene in tbis tures. city. "To my thinking the dominant notes My impression of the attitude of the stuof the conference were its emphasis dents of the world toward Jesus Christ, on Asia as the great religious battle based upon years of travel and observa- tion on every continent, is that Jesus ground of the present and near future, Christ is finding a larger place in the hearts together with the rising self-conscious- of students year by year. The larger pro- portion of college and university students ness of these far eastern nations; and are profest followers of Christ than among the evangelistic note which amid all any other classes of society. More students the bloom of the marvelous orchids or throughout the world are being attracted flowering trees, the sumptuous enter- by Jesus Christ and His teaching than by any other religion. He appeals to thinking tainments of new-made friends, and men and challenges them to investigate the continuous feast of satisfying rea- the Truth that is in Him. 'He answers son, ever rang true .to the deepest their doubts and is the power by which they needs of man's soul in every quarter are to be victorious over temptation. Jesus Christ presents in the moral realm that of the globe." which appeals to the heroic in man and challenges their great endeavor as does Notable Words from the Platform warfare in other realms. He leads men victorious over battlefields against sin and I am glad that you have come to Japan enlists forces in service and self-sacrifice. to teach the lesson of unselfish effort for All the better movements in the improvehumanity.-Baron Ozaki, Mayor of Tokyo. ment of society may be traced to Him. Jesus Christ is binding together the na- We are met in a great peace conference, tions of the wcirld. It has been the testipeace, not between nations and nations, mony of eminent statesmen that this stucountries and countries, but between God dent movement which we represent is doand humanity.-B. C. Sircar, India. ing more than diplomacy and statesman- ship to promote the fellowship of the whole The watchword of the young man of the world. The movement lays siege to colold era was backward ho. . . . We of the leges and universities, the strategetic cen- Orient have been asleep, our brothers of ters for the moral conquest of mankind. Japan were lighter sleepers than most of us.-Hon. Yun Chi Ho, Korea. Japanese Press Comments So tremendous is the present demand in The leading newspapers devoted China for western knowledge that educated large space to reporting the Conferpreachers now have to choose between a salary of fifteen dollars a month as a pas- ence with highly favorable comments. tor, or three hundred dollars a month as an official. Notwithstanding this temptation a' The Nippo1l, a strongly nationalistic orband of forty Christian students formed gan, says: "This Conference will do much four years ago and pledged to serve Christ toward creating a cosmopolitan spirit loyally has now grown to I63 and not one among Japanese people and destroying a has repudiated his pledge.-Prof. Chen narrow nationalistic tendency." Wei Ch'eng, China. The Mai1lichi Shimbun says: "The three I welcome the foreign delegates as fellow deepest impressions of the Conference are; workers in the same noble cause of love and peace between nations, which it shonld be the proud aspiration of every statesman to

(I) The actual experience of the unifying The Nichinichi Shimbun, one of the most power of love, the soul of Christianity. (2) influential political dailies in Japan, says: The idea of the indispensable influence of "The Conference will be a power that the oriental consciousness on the culture makes our people recollect the spiritual and and evangelization of. the world, which has moral side of civilization and causes them been more fully understood by the Occi- to fight agaiust the materialistic tendencies dent and never so strongly imprest upon the of the present age." eastern mind. (3) By far the greatest responsibility of the Japanese Christians is The Japan Times, the leading Japanbringing Christ's program to bear upon the ese daily published in English, says: "So Orient and the world at large. These three passes into history one of the most memimpressions must have been borne in upon orable events this country has witnessed every thinker either among the delegates in the course of its foreign intercourse. or outside. Japan has surely been given a It will be writ large in our annals that stimulus to aspire for some great and new when Japan entered the fellowship of civdemonstration of her characteristics which ilized nations in receiving a world repre- God has surely meant for the welfare of senting body, the first that came was a mankind. Nor can it be denied that this powerful conference essaying to obliterate Convention has given the rise and pointed the line that separates the East from the the way to the general awakening of the West and merge them into spiritual brotherrtligious sentiment in Japan and through- hood, to mark for us, as it were, the return out the Orient." of peace."

JAPANESE CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN BY REV. HENRY LOOMIS, YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Agent of the American Bible Society in Japan As a result of their success in the sions have been united for some years, recent war with Russia there has ceen as also the different Episcopal bodies; among Japanese Christians an 111- and recently there has been brought creasing conviction that they are able about by the persistent demands of the to conduct the work of evangelization Japanese converts a union of the three among their own people and that they llethodist bodies. It has taken years know better. than foreigners what to accomplish this; but so insistent methods are required and how the have the Japanese been that the home available means can best be utilized. authorities have been obliged to con- Some of the leaders are in favor of cede to their demancls.

adopting radical measures in order to By the union of the Congregation- bring about such a condition of affairs, alists, United Brethren, and Protestant but there are others who are more con- llethodists in the United States a fur- servative and who act as a check to ther recluction of the divisions will fol- such schemes as are especially objec- low in Japan. Two of the Baptist mis- tionable or unwise. sions are federated and a plan is being In connection with this desire of be- considered of combining all Christians ing independent is the conviction that in Japan into one body. This is prob- there is no need of propagating in . ably impossible, but further union is Japan the various divisions which are altogether probable.

found in other and Christian countries, An important point is the effect'

and the elimination of so many differ- which this state of affairs has on the ent sects is not only desirable but spiritual life and activities of the na- necessary for the most effectual work. tive churches. It seems that no un- The Presbyterian and Reformed l11is- prejudiced person can fail to see that

CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN 45

the leaders, as well as the ordinary Kochi. These are only a part of the members, are taking up the responsi- places where a work of grace is going bilities with commendable zeal and on. From present indications we look courage, and going forward on such for large accessions to the churches in lines as will bring about most impor- the near future, as well as a marked intant results. crease in the spiritual life and activity of the members. In the first place there is an increasing readiness of men to conse- In a recent address in Yokohama, crate themselves and their means to the Hon. S. Shimada of Tokyo said the accomplishment of the work which that since the close of the Russo-J aphas fallen into their hands. In the last anese Warthe most important thing for annual report of the churches the na- the Japanese is to study the condition tive Christians alone are credited with of the country and see that its future having contributed during the year be a development along such lines as ending near May 1, 1906, a total sum will save it from eventual ruin. What of 181,996 yen ($90,000). When the ruins a nation is not so often the enefinandal ability of the people is con- mies from without as vice and corrupsidered, this is a very large sum. tion within. To check these there is but one remedy and that is a firm be- But in addition to the amount giv- lief in the principles of the Christian en for the support and extension of religion and the observance of its 'the work there is much personal effort teachings. put forth and as a result there is now a deep religious interest in many As an indication of the present trend places, and converts are being rapidly of thought in Japan he said that until multiplied. Many feel that real awa- recently addresses on Christianity kening has corne, and that we are en- were unpopular among the student tering an era of rapid development in and educated c1a~ses. But now he the growth of vital Chrisianity in this finds eager thousands not only willing land. There is great hopefulness and but anxious to learn about the religion real expectancy of a rich blessing from which lies at the basis of the highest God. civilization. Such a state of mind is surely most significant. What is In how many places the work of the needed is the proclamation of the Gos- Holy Spirit has been manifest we are pel far and wide. not able to say, but reports have already come of one hundred who In the production of this favorable have become inquirers at Wakayama, state of mind there have been two forty at Nagoya, one hundred at one things that have been especially helpof the churches in Sendai, thirty-five at ful. One of them was the contribuone church in Yokohama, seventy-two tions in the United States and elsewho have decided to become Chris- where for the relief of the sufferers tians at Iwanuma, sixty-one at Na- from the famine in the North. Such gasaki, seventy-eight baptisms in one disinterested charity has made a deep church at Tokyo, the same number at impression throughout that whole re- Tsuyama, seventy at one of the church- gion where there is nOw a widespread es in Yokohama, forty-two at Sendai, religious awakening. In one small vilwith fifty to sixty at Maebashi and

iage there were reported to be one made, but as new and more suitable hundred and seventy-six inquirers; in accommodations have just been seanother one hundred who had decided cured and the work gotten in hand to become Christians; and the interest there is a prospect of important reis growing everywhere. The people at sults. Already at a single service one large have also been imprest with the hundred young men stood up and pubconviction that Christianity is a relig- licly avowed their desire and purpose ion of power, and its teachings are to serve the Lord. As yet to the great such as will bring the greatest good to mass of them Christianity is a new all mankind. doctrine which has no such important place in their thoughts as the knowl- The whole nation has also been im- edge of what will advance their own prest with the work of the Christians personal or national interests. during the war for the comfort and relief of the men in the army at the front The situation is rendered more faand in the hospitals on the field and in vorabie for effects in their behalf by Japan. This has met with such hearty the friendly attitude of Count Okuma, CI,pproval that the present authorities in who is the founder and head of the Manchuria have asked to have it con- Waseda University, in which a large tinued and have provided the means number of the Chinese students are and the facilities by which it can be enrolled. To a delegation of the Y. M. done. 'The Japanese' consul at New- C. A. he exprest himself as follows: chwang states that "from a business point of view the merchants realize "Having heard of your work for the that the benefits of the Young Men's Chinese students I wish to express my Christian Association far exceed the appreciation and sympathy. We are cost. They are unable to keep their living, morally speaking, in a wilderemployees straight and the strange ness, and it is very unfortunate that thing about it is that the best educated Chinese students here are unable to men generally go farthest astray. The find any guide to faith and morality. army association has worked a mar- It. is my hope to give all possible asvelous change of front on the part of sistance toward the moral betterment the army officers toward Christianity. of the conditions under which they They now recognize that the more ear- live; and as I understand this is also nest Christian a man is the better sol- the ideal of the Chinese Young Men's dier and patriot he is! As a rule, be- Christian Association I shall be glad fore the war there was not much op- to do all in my power to further it." portunity or encourageJ;l1ent for work in the army or navy. Now the way is The Chinese consul-general has also open for it to a greater extent than it taken a deep interest in the work and is possible to carry it on. secured from the Chinese merchants in Yokohama contributions for its sup- The presence of I7,000 Chinese port. students in Japan presents a most interesting and important field for All who love Christ are requested Chri~tian effort. A good work has to remember this land which has now been begun and the outlook is hope- become the center of political influful. So far only a beginning has been ence in the East and on whose future religious development depends so large- ly the evangelization of the world.

MISSIONS AMONG LESS DEVELOPED RACES*

BY REV. OR1SHATUKEH FADUMA By an accommodation of language of government. Persia is following we speak of races of men. In reality in the same steps. With only forty there is only one race-the human years of freedom, the African in race. Of this human race there are America has done what no other race several varieties, improperly called in human history has succeeded in races. The Anglo-Saxon and the Ne- doing. In every case of development gro are not two races, but two vari- there must be years of contact with eties of the human race. Superiority the more fortunate. It seems fit in and inferiority may be predicated of the providence of God that nations any variety of the race for the time shall attain their best growth by being, not for all time. They are not years of patient work and gradual inherent in any variety. The Anglo- change. The same laws of evolution Saxon may be superior now, but was are applicable to the operations of inferior 2,000 years ago. Christian missions among the less developed nations of the world. Christian missions take for granted the fact that only one is our master, The Evolution of Nations even Christ, and all we are brethren; that God has made of one every na- In the education of primitive peotion of men to dwell on all the face ples three stages are necessary; of the earth; that the greatest among First, the period of childhood, when men is he who is most serviceable. men are merely receivers and imita- Christian missions would be a mock- tors. This is the state when they are ery of Christianity if the above ax- eager to adopt indiscriminately what ioms are rejected by them. is laid before them. The second stage is the critical, when they begin to in- Human Development vestigate and are t;ilger to know the whys and wherefores of things. At The development of Christianity this stage minds become inquisitive from the birth of Christ to 1906 has and the teachers' plans are criticized. been painfully slow from a human At this stage of growth the leader standpoint. Rome took eight hun- may become impatient and through dred years preparing for world-mas- ignorance of psychological laws of tery. The Anglo-Saxon has taken growth condemn and discourage the fifteen and a half centuries in his de- precocious native mind. A double velopment. European civilization portion of the Holy Spirit and the took fifteen centuries to gain politi- spirit of wisdom, humility and tolercal unity; all attempts prior to this ance are needed. The third stage is were fruitless. There is a fulness of that of mallhood. The mind is now time, a ripening of conditions for na- ready to assimilate what is best for tions and individuals. Then the ful- its growth. It is able to cast off and ness of time came, Japan-once con- retain by being able to discriminate sidered uncivilized and inferior- between the necessary and the accithrew off the garb of childhoQd and dental, between the true and the spuput on that of manhood, and demon- rious. It is the age also when the strated to the world the ability for matured mind can origin,ate and inself-government. China, hoary with vent. age, is now awaking from her long slumbers and remodeling her system Every nation has a mission, a des- *At the meeting of the Congregational Workers in the South at Memphis. Tenn., composed chiefly of descendants of the freedmen, the Rev. Orishatukeh Faduma, who is pastor of a church and superintendent of a school in .Troy, N. C., read a paper, from which we make these excerpts. Mr. Faduma is a native African, educated partly in Africa, subsequently in Oxford, Eng- , and is a graduate of the Theological Department of Yale Uni~ersity.-Conden5ed from the American Missionary Magazine.

tiny in the world different from all tween civilization and Christianity.

other nations. It is by a process of The Christian missionary's main education that each is expected to work is not to civilize but to Chris- find out what its distinctive mission tianize. You may civilize and yet or destiny is. The destiny of the not Christianize a people. Christian- African or the Japanese or any other ity is of larger content and embraces nation is not in the hands of the An- civilization, while the latter is of less glo-Saxon, but is in God's keeping. content and does not include the Other nations can only help us to former. A native African, Indian, develop our destiny; they can not Chinese, or Japanese may be a grad- make it. The work of Christian mis- uate from one of the best universi- sions includes the education of the ties of Europe or America, and yet native mind in such a way that the return home a civilized heathen, native can see the truth whenever more or less. On the other hand, edu- it is presented to him. Every nation cate a native to be a Christian, and you has an individuality of its own which do not fail to make him the highest must be cultivated and transferred type of the civilized man. It is well to another age to be increased or di- for all Christian missionaries to efface minished. The right kind of educa- themselves as English, German or tion enables one to know when to American, and abolish the idea of add to or subtract from this individ- Anglo-Saxonizing, Germanizing, or uality. No wholesale adoption of Americanizing native peoples. The forms, be they social or religious, is kind of supremacy needed for native desirable. There is a body as well people is neither Anglo-Saxon, nor as a soul in all social and religious Teutonic; it is the supremacy of forms. The soul in them is the vital Christ.

principle and makes for the true de- Christianity comes in as a solvent velopment of man; the body in them, to the problem of the development even tho it be useful, is perishable. of all nations. The backward na- There is much in religion which is tions can be lifted up, strengthened, external and accidental, and may be renewed, and not stript of their na- dispensed with or be changed ac- tional consciousness and individual- cording to climate and temperature. ity. If any religion can recuperate It should not be expected that and vitalize the human race or any there would be sameness in external of its varieties, it is the Christian form between Japanese and Amer- religion. We plead for an opportu- ican Christianity, or between Afri- nity to be given Christianity to do can and Anglican Christianity. Race its own work, and the backward na- individuality impresses itself upon tions to develop unfettered.

Christianity wherever it is presented. The Problem of Independence It is the boastful dream of politicians It is very encouraging to notice to Europeanize, Russianize, German- the growth of independence among ize, or Anglo-Saxonize dependent na- the native churches planted and fostions. It is their mission, they say, tered by American Christianity. In to vVesternize ethnic nations in South Africa, of twenty-three misthought, manners, social customs, sion churches, eighteen are self-sup- names, dress, church liturgy, and porting. While total native contri- architecture. A sorry process of ed- bution was $7,964, the appropriaucation is that which leaves the tions from the foreign boards were learner a man of no country, a non- $4,300. descript, a mere imitator, a civilized Secretary Strong in his "Closing or religious monkey. It is when this Experiences of Deputation in Natal,"

political idea of Westernizing the says: world is injected into Christianity The natives are very independent in that we have a confusion of ideas be- their ideas and wishes. They desire to

19°7] CHRISTIAN MISSIONS AMONG LESS DEVELOPED RACES

be recognized by the government as the The failure of the white man to live "African Congregational Church," and expect and almost demand that the mis- Christ is the fC!-ilure of Christianity sion secure for them this recognition. to impress itself permanently on the This they do not seem to comprehend native mind. The wrong treatment can not be done, except in the way of commending the organization and secur- of the Kegro, Chinaman, Japanese, ing for it such rights as the government or Filipino in Christian America af- will dole out. But the African Congre- fects their Christianity here and in gational Church aches to conduct inde- pendent work, which shall be under their their ancestral homes. Christianity own control and known as theirs with no other hands upon it, and they do not is on trial. Not only men, but relig- wish any white missionary to be located at Pretoria, where one of their number ions must also be tested by their began what work there is.* fruits. Our plea is for the humane Would to God that foreign gov- treatment of less developed nations ernments could see the greater ad- by Christian communities and auvantage to natives learning the "al- thorities. In this twentieth century, phabet of liberty," not from Eng- one part of the world easily learns land, Germany, Italy, France, or Bel- of the doings of the other part. Nothgium, but from the New Testament. ing to-day is hid. Every act of so- In the name of the New Testament cial and political injustice dealt by Christianity which encourages the the white man to the Chinese, J apanlocal self-government of churches, ese, Negro, Filipino, or Cuban in the we appeal to Christendom to come United States, is known and reand help us win Africa to Christ. sented by their brothers in China, Let us realize the importance of the Japan, Africa, Philippine Islands, fact that in British South Africa, and Cuba. 'One of the ~uickest and south of the Zambesi, the whites best ways to reach these different number, according to the last census, peoples in foreign lands is to treat 1,135,016, and the natives, 5,198,175. them in a Christ-like manner here at The method of the politician is to our doors. Each one of them is al- "divide and govern"; the method of ready a missionary for good or evil. Christ is to unify and govern. The "Forasmuch as ye have done it unto politician is eager to annex terrioo- one of the least of these, my brethries; Christ is eager to annex hearts. ren, ye have done it unto me," says ·White supremacy or Christ supre- Christ. macy, which? Shall the white man's accurst thirst for land and gold be In the study of the problems of an obstacle to the regeneration of Christian missions among less de- Africa? Every wrong done by the veloped peoples, we may summarize more advanced to the less advanced as follows: nation creates one more barrier to the progress of Christianity. It was 1. There are no peoples that are therefore needful for Christ to say to superior or inferior for all time. his disciples, "Let your light so shine before men that they may see your 2. The work of uplifting mnst be good works and glorify your Father gradual, to be lasting. who is in heaven." 3. Race individuality and race The Christian religion is not an consciousness must be encouraged. abstraction. It is life. It is founded on love. The native rightly or 4. The self-supporting and indewrongly calls Christianity the white pendent Christian church must be man's religion, because it was the ultimate goal of Christian enbrought to him by the white man. deavor.

• Missiunary Herald, page 8, October, 1903. 5. The white man needs more of the Christ spirit in his dealings with other peoples at home and abroad. The civilized heathen, because of his greater opportunity, is more danger- ous to Christianity and true develop- ment than the uncivilized.

POWER OF THE GOSPEL IN UGANDA *

BY THE RIGHT REV. A. R. TUCKER, D.D., BISHOP OF UGANDA The Gospel of our Lord and Savior -whose sale work was to raid the sur- Jesus Christ is not an effete Gospel; it rounding countries in order to get is not played out; the cross of Christ slaves for sale to Arabs. The price of has not lost its ancient power; the a man or woman was a single muzzle- preaching of Christ crucified is still the loader; of a boyar a girl, a: hundred power of God unto salvation to every gun-caps, a red cloth, or a small meas- one that believeth. The testimony that ure of powder. And for those who I am able to offer may not be untimely were thus bartered there was a long in a day like this, a day of rebuke and and weary journey of something like of blasphemy, when even intelligent I,OOO miles to the coast, in the course men are not ashamed to preach as a of which perhaps two-thirds of the gospel the doctrine of the powerless- company perished by the way. And ness of God. It has been well said, I then for those who survived there was think by Augustine, that if you would the long-drawn-out agony of a mis- rightly understand the power of the erable existence on the plantations of Most High you must see it in conflict Pemba or Zanzibar.

with the power of darkness. Once more. In 1892 there was troub- Five and twenty years ago Uganda le in Uganda. A runaway slave had was literally one of the dark places of taken refuge with a Christian chief. A the earth, one of the very habitations demand was made by his Mohamme- of cruelty. Blood flowed like water; dan owner for surrender. It was re- human victims without number were fused, and in their trouble the chiefs offered up far the propitiation of evil came to me and asked what was to be spirits. It is told to-day in Uganda done. I inquired as to· their law, how that at the death of Suna, the "Does it recognize slavery?" "Yes,"

father of Mtesa, more than 2,000 hu- was the answer. "Then," I said, "it man beings were slaughtered-in a mo- . seems to me you have no alternative; ment, as it were, hurried into eternity; the slave should be given up. But this slaughter of human beings at the if you think the law a bad one, I death of the king had been the custom should advise you to get it altered."

of the country from time immemo- I then explained to them what I felt rial. A generation passed by, and to' be the teaching of the Gospel of Mtesa was gathered to his fathers, but Christ upon the subject, and after not a single human life was sacri- prayer they went away. Ten days ficed at his death. And why was that? later they came back to me with a pa- There was no strong arm of the Brit- per, on which was inscribed the fol- ish Government to step in and stay the lowing declaration : "We, the great hand of the executioner. No; but chiefs of Uganda, desire to adopt the Christianity had entered the land, and good custom of freedom, and to abol- altho it was represented by but two ish slavery absolutely. We hereby lonely missionaries, yet the power of agree to untie and to release com- the Gospel as proclaimed by their lips pletely all of our slaves. Here are was sufficient to sweep away the cus- our names as chiefs." Then followed tom of ages and to secure f()r thou- the names of forty of the great chiefs sands the priceless gift of life. For this of 1Jganda, headed· by that of the purpose was the Son of God mani- prime minister, Apolo Kagwa, upon fested, that He might destroy the whom his majesty the king last year works of the devil." conferred the well-deserved honor of Mackay tells us that Mtesa main- a knighthood of the Order of St.

he tells us that Mtesa the king main- Michael and St. George. The power tained a force of some 6,000 men of the Gospel of Christ is brought to * An address delivered in St. Michael.'s Church, Cornhill, E. C., on December 191 1906, and published in 'The Church Missionary Review, London. bear upon the vile institution of sla- church which will accommodate thirty very, and lo! it crumbles into the very dust. "For this purpose was the Son or forty worshipers, to the Great Ca- of God manifested, that He might de- stroy the works of the devil." thedral Church on' Namirembe Hill, But I pass on. In 1890 the call which will hold 4,000 or 5,000 souls, came to me to go out and take up the work that had fallen from the hands and where ordinarily a congregation of my predecessors, bishops Hannington and Parker. After a journey of of 3,000 assembles, there is daily worsome five months from the east coast, a journey that can now be accom- ship of the one, true and living God. plished in four days, owing to the construction of the railwav, I found Then there was but a little handful of myself in Uganda. There 'were there at that time but two hundred baptized children under instruction. Now some Christians to greet me. Now that little band had grown to a mighty host 420,000 are gathered in our elemenof over 60,000 through the preaching of the Gospel. In that day there were tary schools and receive the rudiments but some sixty or seventy communi- 'cants; now some 16,000 men and of education. And all the work of the women are numbered within the inner circle of the Church, and upon every native church, the schools, churches, one of them I have laid hands in confirmation. And, as I think of it, the every kind of work, and the native vision of one and another rises up before me, living evidences and tokens ministry, are maintained entirely from of the old-time cruelty. Here is a man without lips, without nostrils; without native sources! . ears, mutilated in the old days. Here is one led of another, blind, his eyes All these facts and figures will give put out in the old days by order of the king. And there, kneeling at the Table you some idea of that wonderful of the Lord, is one who can only take the consecrated bread between the change which in the last fifteen or sixstumps of his two arms-the hands cut off in the old days by order of the king. teen years has come over the country Could any facts speak more eloquently of the great change that has come over of Uganda. As one travels through Uganda in the last fifteen or sixteen years? Then there were but some the length and breadth of the land, as four or five men engaged in the work of teaching their fellow countrymen one climbs those beautiful hills and dethe truths which they themselves had received. Now between 2,000 and scends into those lovely valleys, there 3,000 men and women are engaged in the work of evangelizing, not only their is one word continually ringing in own country but the regions beyond, and everyone of these evangelists and one's ears. It is the word of my text thirty-two native clergy are maintained entirely by the native church. Then to-day. And this is not simply bethere was but one single place of worship in' the land. Now in more than cause one realizes what a great change 2,000 churches, from the little country has come over the courtry, but because one also is convinced that it is a change that could only have been wrought by the power of the Gospel of Christ.

In no other way can we account for the phenomena with which we are there face to face. It is a remarkable fact, and one which has not, I think, received the attention it deserves, that last year in Uganda no fewer than 9,100 souls were baptized into the Church, and that during the last five years there have been 35,000 such bap- tisms. "Ah," some one says, "it is a case of being in the fashion. Some man of consequence leads the way, and all the rest follow like a flock of sheep." My brothers, let us not forget that in Uganda it was the men of con- sequence, the king and the chiefs, who strove their very utmost to stamp out Christianity, and failed, and failed mis- erably. "For this purpose was the Son of God manifested, that He might de- stroy the works of the devil."

Let me give one other instance of the power of the Gospel to touch men's

hearts and lives. Some seven years king was being taught, then that the ago an attempt was made to enter that prime minister, then other chiefs, and long-closed country of Ankole, on the so on.

west of Uganda. All previous at- Months passed by, and then glorious tempts had failed. Previous to ma- tidings came. One day the king and king this one I arranged for prayer to several of his chiefs came to the evan- be offered at two hundred centers gelist and said: "Now, after all that throughout Uganda on the eve of St. you have told us of Jesus Christ and Andrew's Day, in connection with the His salvation, we want to tell you that Day of Intercession throughout the we do not believe in these charms of Christian world. After a fortnight's ours any more. Here they are, take journey it so happened that Doctor them."

Cook and I found ourselves outside "N0," said the evangelist, "if you the capital of Ankole. We gathered do not believe in them, destroy them our Christian followers together and before your people. If we take them offered prayer at the Throne of Grace, your people will say we are going to asking for blessing on the entry into use them for our own benefit."

the capital on the morrow. The mor- The king ordered a fire to be made row came, and we made our entry, and in front of his enclosure, and then in the king and his chiefs and a great the broad light of day and in the face host of savage followers came down to of all his people he came and cast his greet us. It was a strange sight. There treasured charms into the fire and de- was the king and his chiefs, and these stroyed them, and then the prime min- savage followers of his, with their ister and others did the same, and all greased bodies and weird head-dresses, day long, I am told, that fire was kept with shields in their hands and spears burning, and all day long the people stuck in the ground in front of them; came and cast their charms into the and there at the back were the medi- fire. "For this purpose was the Son cine-men of the country, the greatest of God manifested, that He might de- power in Ankole, in all their hideous stroy the works of the devil." Since guise as servants of the devil. I ex- then the king and his prime minister plained to the king why we had come, and a large number of others have that we were messengers of the Most been baptized, and on the last occasion High, and that we craved permission when I was in Uganda I laid hands in to teach him and his people what we confirmation on the king and many of believed to be the way of salvation. that old-time savage horde in the pres- For three days the arguments went ence of a congregation of some seven forward, and the conflict-for it was hundred gathered in a church built by nothing less-was waged between our- the native Christians themselves.

selves and those medicine-men who In Uganda, as elsewhere, men who were at the back of the king. I do not once lived lives of debauchery and sin, know that in the whole course of my stand before us with their fetters bro- missionary experience I have ever had ken and themselves freed; something such a sense of conflict upon me as of the character of Christ is seen in during those three days. But gradu- them, something of His compassion, ally the opposition died down, and at pity and love. This, not as the result the end of the third day the victory of contact with so-called civilization, was won and permission was given to but is wrought by the touch of the us to teach and preach and to leave our Most High, by a supernatural power evangelists in the country. We left that has changed the whole current of two noble-hearted men behind us, and their lives, transforming, purifying, went on our way, and then we waited and sanctifying even the most de- anxiously for tidings. First of all graded of Satan's slaves and making came the news that one and another them to be living monuments 'of the was under instructions, then that the grace and power of the eternal God.

EDITORIALS

PEACE MOVEMENTS is the age of national adolescence and • There is certainly a very wide- !lot of maturity-the age of· barbar- spread movement in the direction of Ism and not of civilization-the age the pacific arbitration of all interna- of darkness and not of light.

tional difficulties and controversies. ASPIRATIONS FOR AFRICA To this movement several marked in- fluences are tributary and contribu- Cecil Rhodes exprest his plan for the tary: First, the awful destructiveness Dark Continent when he said, "Let us of war, which, as Jean de Bloch, the paint Africa red!" He would have Polish writer, demonstrated in his had that which fifty years ago was little book, is now becoming so disastrous more than a b'ack shadow on the map and costly that any nation that engages of the world, stand out in brilliant and in it risks bankruptcy on the one hand glowing, tf 110t dazzling, color, the and practical annihilation on the other. cynosure of all eves. Surely the chil- It may be that Divine Providence has dren' of light may take a noble motto permitted the invention and discovery from the children of this- world. Let of the most destructive agents and us paint Africa red, with the color of weapons in order to make war impos- the blood-the crimson of the Cross sible, or at least impracticable. A sec- -:-~he sacred h~e of Redemption; and, ond cause contributing to peaceful set- If It costs us, I1terally, blood to do it tlement is the growing civilization of let us not hesitate! We may thus b~ the world-implying the diffusion of "filling up that which is b~hind of the more intelligence, mutual contact be- sufferings of Christ in our flesh, for tween nations with corresponding His body's sake, which is the Church."

growth of friendly relations which In God's eyes Africa has already make warlike measures mutually re- been "painted red" with the blood of pulsive. And again, growing com- her own children. The enslaving of mercial interchange forbids, even on her millions has cost, on an average grounds of policy, the unnecessary ar- three lives for every exported slav~ ray of different peoples in desperate that has found his way to a land of antagonism. Besides all these there are bondage. How all this blood must examples of the happy avoidance of cry to heaven from the ground, like conflict and the actual settlement of Abel's! Let us hasten, even if need differences through arbitration. Nor be at the price of our own blood, to can it be denied that one of the natural redeem Africa-perchance the blood indirect results of the diffusion of the of self-sacrifice may also cry to Gospel is the modification of human heaven, not for vengeance, but for ideas and habits, in the spread of the mercy. Oh, that it ·might by its sa- Christian conception of human broth- cred appeal drown that other voice of erhood and charity. It is obvious that slaughtered millions!

the foremost nations of the world are THE POWER OF SELF.SACRIFICE also the most enlightened, Christian and peaceful-those that most avoid In striking contrast to this, readers aggressive wars, that are most reason- of the biography of Robert Moffat able in the adjustment of matters cal- will remember the story of the South culated to engender strife. It is be- African chief who, with a dozen fol- coming, in the eyes of all the most ad- lowers, once threatened the noble mis- vanced peoples, rather a mark of weak- sionary's life with poised spears, ready ness and lack of self-control when a on the spot to pierce his body. Moffat nation takes offense easily, is sensitive was at the time engaged in repairing to injury, impetuous in rushing into his wagon, and his dear wife, babe in conflict and prone to self-avenging. arms, stood near watching the 111ove- We can not but think the fighting age ments of their foes. She heard her

heroic husband, in a singular tone, treatment was now produced,-the defy tliem to do their worst, actually stomach of the sheep which had been dropping his tools and baring his killed for the occasion, the flesh mean- breast to their blows! With un- while roasting at a little distance, to be daunted calmness he said: "Your eaten by the medicine-man when he threats are vain. We have come to had finished. Through a hole, made'

bless you and here we stay. If you in the side of the stomach, the patients are bound to be rid of us, do what you were made to suck out its fluid con- will. But our hearts are with you and tents, after which the remainder was we shall stay with you till we are emptied out into the hole, and com- killed. Now spear me, if you will, and pleted the ingredients of the decoction.

when you have slain me, others like "The doctor then took a bunch of me will come to take up the work." herbs, tied together at one end, in Down dropt the spears, and the chief each hanel, and dipping this swab into said to his attendants, "These mis- the mixture, put it to the mouth of the sionaries are so fearless of death, patients, the young man and the girl, they must have ten lives: there must simultaneously, at the same time rebe another life beyond!" From that time opposition was turned into co- citing in a sing-song tone of voice, 'By operation. There is but one way to this I take away all the evil effects of "overcome"-it is "as He. overcame" whatever is troubling you, the attacks of evil spirits, whatever poison you who is set down with his Father upon may have eaten, whatever harm has His throne. been inflicted upon you by blacksmiths NATIVE MEDICAL TREATMENT (supposed to be gifted with superhu- man power), whatever of evil has Those who have any doubt as to come to you in the path, whatever dis- the need and merciful mission of the tress has been brought upon you Christian doctor in heathen lands through your friends, whatever has.

should read the following extract from been inflicted upon you by your ene- the letter of Mr. Scouten, writing from mies, and all the diseases with which near Kambui, East Central Africa. It God has afflicted you.' This and a lot is an account of a native medicine man, more the old doctor thrice repeats, all trying to cure a lad and girl of mala- the time dipping out to the long-suf- rial fever. The writer saw what he fering patients this horrible concoction, recounts: first with the bunch of herbs and then "A hole was dug, in which were with the foot of a kid or some other placed large banana leaves, to form a small animal, and afterward with a receptacle for the concoction. The brush of herbs dipt in the mixture, The hole was filled with water, part sprinkling the ground all around them of it first being poured out on the and then brushing them down" from ground beside the patients. Then the head to. foot, and when he had finished, doctor took part of the in':estines of shaking the brush out at a little dis- a sheep, and rubbed a little of the filth tance with the words (referring to the from them on the foreheads and palms various ills from which he was re- of the sick, and on their relatives. lieving them), 'Those are they.'

Then he prepared his decoction. From "The final act in the ceremony was gourds which he carried, he poured to anoint the nose and thumbs and out colored powders and mixed them great toes of the man, and some other up in his improvised bucket. He seated spots on the body of the girl,' with the patients close to him, and then some kind of white paint. They were tied them together with a small vine then released and told to go and get around the foot of each. well. Both patients were next day in "The most important item in the a dying condition." THE RIGA ATROCITIES bte, not in cannibal islands, or among The disclosures made in the Duma the lowest pagans, but where "Chris- April 23 pass not only description but tian civilization" is supposed to diffuse imagination, as to the extremes of its benign beams! It seems as tho cruelty, which surpass the deeds of the the intenser the light that shines in ·Dark Ages and remind us more of this world, the more terrible and horri- Dante's "Inferno" than anything else. ble the enormities which it reveals. It In fact they defy reproduction in print, was stated at the anniversary of the and if the half of these disclosures are Regions Beyond Missionary Union in true to facts there is an "unspeakable" ~xeter Hall, April 2.1, that 100,000 Russian as well as Turk, and even the hves are annually sacnficed by the ad- Belgian King almost becomes respect- minist.ration of the Kongo Free(?) able in his Kongo horrors, in com- State as the price of the "red rubber·'

parison. trade; and that, since the State was It appears that the prisons of Riga constituted in r884, three million na- and other Baltic towns have been tives have been maimed and butch- turned into torture chambers. Polit- ered! And yet we have been told of a ical prisoners have been not only shot theological professor who taught his without mercy and without trial, but class of ministerial students that "we subjected to prolonged and refined are now in the millenium!" Surely we cruelty. Young and old, of either sex must turn our attention from the worst and rank, have been left to the mercy pagans and go to preach the Gospel of of human fiends, and coolly and ingen- love to "Christian nations !"

iously tortured by responsible parties BARON WOLDEMAR iiXKULL appointed to direct the infliction of these pains and penalties, empowered The famous converted Russian no- by the governor to torture or kill at bleman who has been visiting Amer- discretion. It is affirmed that the min- ica, told of his first prayer in October, isters of state admitted in the Duma 1890, when in the night-the twofold that these charges are true! And the night, liberal and spiritual-he began "minister of the interior" has ordered "feeling after God," when as yet he inquiry into the matter and prosecu- had not emerged from the shadows of tion of the guilty. agnosticism. "0 God, if you are there M. Pergameat, in a detailed report, above, then show me the truth. I do described the various outrages and tor- not know if you are there, or hear me, tures for which the police and prison but, if you do then make yourself and authorities are to be held responsible, the truth known to me." Then he and that report constitutes an appall- went on reading John's Gospel narra- ing arraignment of these officials, tive, and suddenly "a light shined" in charging them with pursuing this the prison of his soul. The book was fiendish method to extract confessions lit up and so were his eyes. He saw from suspected parties. It is alleged as never before and saw what he never that India-rubber flails have been used had seen before. The Lord Jesus be- on their backs until the flesh was torn came beautiful and lovely and divine from the bones; that the hair and nails in his eyes-he saw the testimony to were torn out; that salt was rubbed Him which the Scriptures bear (John into the wounds, legs cut off and backs v. 29) as the Son of God, and how broken and chest bones crusht in this precious His life and blood were as "Museum of Riga!" Prisoners are the price of man's ransom and re- packed in the prisons awaiting trial demption. He read on, till he saw that for months in a half-starved condition. Christ "bore man's sins in His own These are but a few of the details that body on the tree"-and if so, he said, are too revolting to be spread upon the "MINE ALSO," and with those two pages of a decent periodical. The half WOrdS-MINE ALso-the new life be- can not be told-and all this is possi- gan. Since then, he says, he has been having "honeymoons with Jesus," and ton's son! In Persia at every station goes about building chapels In Russia and in every department God's pow- for the poor peasants to worship God, er is seen! Surely this is no time to and-fjnd the Lord Jesus as their Sa- call a halt! The eloquent Dean of vior, too-and spend life as one long Norwich closed the memorable meet- honeymoon in His blessed companion- ing with a loud trumpet call for the ship. truer realization of Christian duty in CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY the great matter of missionary enter- The anniversary on April 30, at Ex- prise and world-wide evangelism.

eter Hall, was a great occasion. The LIVINGSTONE SOUVENIRS income for the year has been nearly We have received from the Living- £400,000 (£393,603), but even this stonia Mission a very few souvenirs can not keep pace with the work and made from the Livingstone Tree in an adverse balance of over £2I,000 is Central Africa, under which the heart reported. This noble society, the fore- of the great missionary was buried by most of all missionary organizations, native Christians who carried his body has for twenty years followed the pol- to the coast. The progress of decay icy of accepting and sending out all made it advisable to cut this tree down evidently prepared candidates; and and replace it by a monument. Some while there has been the most marked of the wood has been made into neat blessing and a wide expansion of little souvenirs which we can offer to work, the churches for seven years our readers, as long as they last, at the past have not come up to the standard following prices: of the society's aggressive operations, and now some modification of this pol- Large blocks for paper-weights, with silicy of faith seems to many supporters ver heart inscribed, at $4.00 each. demanded. The question on the part Small blocks with silver heart and inscrip- tion, at $2.00 each.

of the leaders is whether such a back- Small paper-cutters, at $1.00 each.

ward step is not dishonoring to God! The money received from the sale At 534 stations, I,389 workers and- of these articles is devoted to the build- 384 native clergy and 8,I52 teachers ing of a memorial church to David are engaged, with over 93,000 commu- Livingstone at Chitambo, Central Afnicants and nearly four times as many rica. Those who desire these unique adherents. mementos will need to send in their Besides these statistics the whole re- orders immediately. port bristles with encouraging facts. DR. JOHN G. PATON Among the year's events in India is the public baptism of a Hindu mer- The face of this veteran missionary chant before three hundred high caste was itself an inspiration to the be- neighbors; of a Moslem of high family holder and a revelation of the tri- at Calcutta; of a distinguished holy umphs of the grace of God in the man.

man, ten years in the army, and a con- Once when Principal Story was in- vert at the great Allahabad M ela; and troducing him to an audience, he cas- of a chief Sikh before a great gather- ually remarked that much of Doctor ing of Sikhs and Moslems. Yet there Paton's life had been spent among sav- are districts of ro,ooo,ooo with only ages and cannibals, and many a time two missionaries. he had been in danger of being killed Bishop Tucker asks twenty-five more and eaten, but had escaped unscathed.

workers in three years to lead the Ba- "But," added Principal Story, "I do ganda in evangelization. Three of not wonder, for had I been one of four kings in the outlying districts those cannibals, one look at that be- have been baptized, and over 4,000 nignant face would have been enough adults. The son of Hannington's mur- to make me a vegetarian for the rest derer has been baptized by Hanning- . of my days!" AFRICA George C. Reed of Mequinez writes Lord Cromer's Resigna.tion under date of February 21 : Friends of missions cari not but be The mos~ pr~bable ?ource of change and interested in the retirement of Lord upheaval hes III forelgn interference and Cromer, under whose administration the late Algeciras Conference see~s to Egypt has enjoyed such prosperity. have limited that to courses that may prove While the responsibilities of his office helpful. One can conjecture all sorts of possible dangers from an inflamed and led him to favor Moslems on the fanatical people on fire to resist the aggresground that Egypt is a Mohammedan sions of the "Infidels," but it is a comcountry, he has many times taken an opportunity to show that he ap- fort to know that God is still the ruler of the nations, and He allofs to them their times and places as He sees fit and to preciated highly the work done there further His purposes. May God' overrule by "the American Mission." In making the announcement of Lord Crom- the political matters of Morocco so that the er's resignation, Sir Edward Grey, for- door for the Gospel may not be closed but eign secretary, said that it signified no rather opened wider. '

Sudan Mission Station Burned change of policy. Sir Eldon Gerst, Many friends will learn with sym- long connected with the administration pathy that on January 20 the head of affairs in Egypt, has been an- station of the Sudan United Mission nounced as his successor and it is not (Wase) was destroyed by fire. Mr.

expected that he will use his influence Frank Aust says that tho every pos- any more strongly to advance Christi- sible effort was put forth to save anity. property and goods, the missionaries Lord Cromer, British agent and con- lost most of their possessions. Stores, sul-general, has earned his unofficial furniture, tools, medicines, surgical title of "Maker of Egypt." Tho that instruments, books, stationery, and country is nominally a semisovereign other belongings were destroyed.

state under the suzerainty of !urkey, More Roman Catholic missionaries it is practically British territory and have arrived and the question is: Lord Cromer has been its real ruler "Shall Mohammedanism, Roman since 1883. When he went there the Catholicism, Paganism, fires, or fever administration was corrupt, industries prove too much for those who swear and trade were in a bad condition, the aIIegiance to the Cross?" Mr. Aust peasantry a crowd of hopelessly poor answers: "N0 ! Rather under the serfs, and the Khedive the victim of stress exerted by the increase of these intriguing court cliques. The work was terrible realities we should show that hard and apparently thankless and the we are not dependent upon a link in prospects dark for a few years, but he a chain, but upon the everlasting arm regenerated the country. His title is of God."

one of the honors given in recognition Moslem Converts in Algeria of his work. Till 1892 he was Sir Evelyn Baring, but was created baron Work has been carried on for the in that year, viscount in 1898 and past twenty years among the Kabyles earl in 190I.-United Presbyterian. by the French (Wesleyan) Protestant Mission. The Kabyles belong to the The Weakness of Morocco old. inhabitants of Algeria, being re- The Moorish Government is weak, lated to the Tuareg, Berber, and other but rebels and rebellions in Morocco North African races. With many are not animated by any principles of more, they were conquered by the liberty, or desires for reform, and Arabs, and compelled to accept Mo- were they successful, 'vould produce hammed as the prophet of God.

no change but a change of despots. The difficulty of Christian work among Moslems was evident du"ring hammedan manner, and, pitiful to re- the first seventeen years of constant port, most frequently they gain their and prayerful labor. A great change point, and Christianity suffers.

manifested itself about three years ago, and since then the power of God German Baptists in Kamerun has been witnessed among the people.

Among other cases, two orphan girls, The annual report of the German the daughters of the marabout (a Baptist Missionary Society, just pub- Mohammedan priest), have accepted lished, shows that the field of the So- Christ, and are living an out and out ciety in Kamerun, German West Af- consecrated life. A man who publicly rica, has now 22 German missionary confest himself a thief, is now a ~gents, ,:ssisted by 45 native helpers, humble disciple of the Lord Jesus III 5 stations and 43 out-stations. The Christ. Another, who was so violent 32 schools were attended by 1,325 as to be feared and hated by all who children in 1906, while II3 pupils knew him, is now a peaceable and lov- were found in the missionary board- able man, and the great change in his ing-school. In the ten Sunday-schools life has drawn others to the Savior. 727 native youths were enrolled.

The Christian Church has failed in There were 447 inquirers in 1906 its duty toward followers of the false while 328 heathen were baptized, and prophet, even in comparison with the number of communicants has in- what has been done among the creased to 1,306. The income of the heathen. The present time is specially Society for 1906 was nearly $24,000 favorable for going forward. Islam from all sources, of which amount seems to be awaking, and opportuni- some $4,000 were contributed by ties for preaching are presented as American friends of the cause (Men- never before. The people appear to nonites and others).

be feeling the need of something more than the formalism of their present Missions in South Africa faith. Rev. Andrew Murray has recently The German East Africa Mission published a book upon this theme. In The latest reports from the stations it he describes each of the missions, of this active society which limits its taking them up according to the dates activity to German East Africa con- of their foundation, and giving a short tain both good and sad news. In al- history of each.

most every station the number of in- The table of results shows that there quirers is increasing and many bap- are 732 ordained and 69 unordained tisms are being reported. The services white missionaries, 700 white helpers, are well attended and the natives 202 ordained native pastors and mis- listen most attentively to the Gospel. sionaries, 8,984 native helpers, 255,455 New congregations are being founded members, 149.491 communicants, and old ones are growing stronger, 222,888 adherents, and 161,104 and the schools are better attended scholars in mission schools. There than ever befo;e. But Islam is making are no less than 30 different missions progress and the fight with that most at work in South Africa (I7 denom- active enemy of Christianity must be inational and 13 undenominational), waged. From Tanga another difficulty and missionaries belonging to at least is reported-that of mixt marriages. 12 different nationalities, a fact which Christian girls are few in number and accounts for some of the peculiar prob- Christian native men frequently marry lems of South African missions. In heathen or Mohammedan girls. It is Cape Colony the native and colored remarkable that these girls almost al- Christians already outnumber the ways insist upon the marriage being whites, tho even in Cape Colony there celebrated after the heathen or Mo- are still more than 1,000,000 heathen. Chinese in South Africa are over 6,500 children under instruc- tion. The whole of this great district For the Chinese employed in the 100 miles in length ·and containing Rand mines, the South African Com- some 100,000 .people, is ministered to pounds and Interior Mission carries by the Rev. R. H. Leakey, Mr. T. on a helpful work. A recent report Owrid, Misses Thomsett and Brown descriptive of the Chinamen's doings and four Baganda clergymen. Ther~ on the Day of Rest says: are also 564 Baganda lay teachers.

There are over 60,000 of them enjoying A Decade of Medical Missionl the God-sent Sabbath. One wonders how many of these children of the Orient have The first mission-hospital in Mengo the faintest conception of the European -a reed house thatched with grass, people's religion that gives them this one with accommodation for 12 in-patients blessed day of surcease from labor. Not -was opened by Dr. A. R. Cook in many, for behold. are they not heathen? 1897, a few months after his arrival in the mission. This was superseded Yet there are a faithful few who spend in 1900 by a much larger building of the Sabbath in prayer and praise. There wattle and daub, designed for 50 beds, are no church bells to send their music opened by Sir Harry Johnston. On over the great plains and call worshipers to November 28, 1902, this building was prayer; only the roar of the stamps breaks struck by lightning and burned to the the silence. ground. On the second anniversary of its destruction a new hospital, built of But another sound comes to disturb that bricks made by the Baganda, was steady rhythm-faint and vaguely sug- opened by Mr. Geo. Wilson, c.B., the gestive of other lands. Draw nearer to acting-commissioner. During last year this little corrugated iron building. and the a children's ward of 9 cots was added, sound of the stamps appears to die away and a second obstetric ward of 6 beds completely as the strains of the old familiar is almost ready for occupation. Large hymn, "Shall we gather at the river?" corne as it is, the hospital gives signs of floating out into the bright morning air. being overcrowded. As an illustra- The tune is the old familiar Sankey and tion of the growth of the work during Moody, but the words? There is something the decade, Doctor Cook, writing on strange. Not a single word to be picked January 20, gives the following comup. Glance in at the open door, and the parative statistics: reason is not far to seek. Twenty or thirty neatly-dressed Chinamen are inside the No. of beds 1897 1901 190<5 little conventicle, and. V'th heroic perse- In-patients verance, are endeavoring to adjust the old 12 75 120 evangelist's tune to Chinese words. Each Out-patients man holds a huge volume in his hahds- Operations 141 1,070 1,801 for a hymn-book in Chinese characters is a bulky affair-and endeavors to sing! The 16,053 53,043 95,582 Chinese as a race are not musical; they 277 368 622 have the faintest notion of tune. At a dozen mines or more along the reef these little A Railway lfission in Africa Sunday services go on, not without success. The earnest words of Christian men oc- A missionary society has been casionally fall on fruitful soil. formed in England, with the object of carrying the Gospel, not only to the The report gives an interesting ac- black races but also to the many thou- sands of white men now employed in count of a service, during which IO the colossal transcontinental railroad Chinese were baptized by Mr. A. W. which is fast threading the Dark Con- Baker, the founder and superintend- tinent from Cape Town up for thou- sands of miles to the Great Lakes, and ent of the mission. thence down the Nile to Cairo and the Pyramids. On the various sections of Progress in Uganda this vast undertaking there are im- mense gangs of African laborers In the counties of Bulemezi and superintended by white men. These Buruli 1,062 adults and 348 children were baptized last year. Two new brick churches are being built entirely by the Baganda and paid for by special funds. The subscriptions for religious purposes show a satisfactory advance from just under Rs. 900 in the previous year to Rs. 1,606. There workers are, in some cases, 700 miles there were needed 30,000 missionaries from civilization, church or chapel. to evangelize this multitude, which would be one missionary to 20,000 In the Eastern Province of Cape souls. He gives a careful estimate of Colony, the Rev. P. B. Simeon worked the foreign missionaries then at work single-handed for three years in the from all lands, and places the total at Grahamstown region, along 1,500 214. In considering the possibility of miles of railroad, covering the entire the churches of America undertaking distance once every three months by their share in the work of complete goods-train, railroad trolley, or afoot. evangelization, he estimates that there Recognizing the value of Mr. Sim- are 4,000 churches in America, and he eon's work, the Government of Cape believed they were able to provide the Colony presented him with an old rail- men and the means. The money should road coach, which they fitted up as a come through greater frugality in livkind of combination mission-room and ing and increased self-denial in giving. traveling dwelling-house. A station He considers that $2,400,000 is not too was established in the wilds of Rho- much to expect frqm the churches, and desia, in the form of a small hut, to that this sum would be adequate for which these Gospel pioneers-who the purpose. Every aspect of this then numbered six-could return oc- question is discust, induding the obcasionally for rest and refreshment. taining of and educating the needed men. A significant passage is one in The South African Coach Mission which the author forecasts modern has now refuge-houses for its travel- conditions by arguing that wealthy ing workers in Johannesburg and persons would come forward and in- Bulawayo, and others in Rhodesia and dividually become responsible for the savage Uganda. The staff numbers equipping and sending of young men twelve pastors, three deacons, six lay- to the mission field. men, seven native catechists, and four or five volunteer women, some of Summer Schools and Missionary whom are devoting themselves to the women and girls, and others to nurs- Conferences ing. The Christian is never "off duty." AMERICA Rest is needed rather than idleness and the flag ·of allegiance is never An Old.time MillSionary Appeal furled or the ear deaf to the bugle call of our Captain. Secretary Cornelius Patton, of the American Board, calls attention to the It is a happy combination to unite fact that a manuscript has recently recreation and change of environbeen found, written in 1817 or there- ment with spiritual uplift and inspiabout, by Dr. Gordon Hall of India, ration for more efficient service. The one of the original missionaries sent number of summer gatherings for reout by the Board, bearing this title: ligious conference is increasing and many find in them the Christian fel- THE CONVERSION OF THE WORLD lowship and stimulus needed to pre- or pare them for more efficient work.

The claims of 600,000,000 of the human The International Missionary Un- race who are destitute of the Gospel, ion will hold its twenty-fourth annual and gathering of missionaries of all evan- gelical missionary societies and from The ability of the churches within thirty all lands at Clifton Springs, N. Y.,* years to satisfy their claims and still June 5-II, 1907. Through the hospi- live in the possession of their ease, tality of the sanitarium and village, their comforts, and increase of their abundance. * All inqUiries for programs and further informa- H2 puts the population of the non- tion should be addrest to the corresI?Ouding sec- Christian world at 600,000,000 souls, divided as follows: Asia, 498,000,000; retary, Mrs. H. J. Bostwick, Clifton Springs, N. Y. Africa, 47,000,000; Europe, 3,000,000; America, 52,000,000. He figured that entertainment is provided for all for- eties and to addresses from mission- eign missionaries and for all actual aries. appointees of the Boards. While the actual membership of the Union now At Winona Lake, Ind., June 26- numbers about 1,100 the attendance July I, Mrs. W. A. Montgomery will is necessarily confined to those at lecture daily on the mission text-book. home on furlough or retired, with the appointees, and seldom exceeds 150. Missionary Themes in the Foreground But these are a company of experts whose information is first hand and The young people of Ohio are to be exact. Among them are often authors of note and leaders of the great for- congratulated on the action of the ward movements of the churches. program committee of the Congrega- During the coming season many other confe'rences will devote especial tional State Association giving three attention to the study of missions abroad and methods of work at home. and a half hours of one of its sessions The Young People's Missionary Movement, that has been doing such effec- to a study of the theme, "The Church tive work, has arranged for the following: and the Missionary Training of the Lake Geneva, Wis., June 2S-July 3. Young." Four addresses were given Asheville, N. C, June 28-July 7. Whitby, Canada, July 4-12. by leading pastors and workers and Silver Bay, Lake George, N. Y., July I9- 28, and a special conference for Sunday- three sectional conferences for pracschool workers at Silver Bay, July 12-18, There will be mission study classes in tical discussion were held, A comcharge of experienced leaders, Bible lecturers, talks from home and foreign mis- plete missionary exhibit was also prosionaries, denominational meetings, etc. This is a fine opportunity for missionary vided. workers, pastors, and leaders in all kinds of Christian work. Why should not many other state A Vacation Conference will also be associations follow this example so held at North Adams, Massachusetts, worthily set by Ohio? No subject ] uly 6-21, under the auspices of the Seabury Society ()f the Protestant can be more important for the adult Episcopal Church. Rev. Dr. A. S. Lloyd is expected home from his members of such a notable gathering world tour in time to speak. to study. . Under the auspices of the Women's Boards of Foreign Missions interde- The Y. M. C. A. Still Marching On nominational summer schools will, be held to study the new United Study The gift of Mrs. Russell Sage to Course, "Gloria Christi," by Mrs. the Association in New York City may be deemed seriously "tainted" by Lindsay. some, but by means of it and similar At Northfield (East), Mass., July donations by the wife of the deceased millionaire what he accummulated is 23-30, fourth year. Mrs. Lindsay and being rapidly put to noblest uses. No Mrs. W. A. Montgomery will lecture less than $350,000 is to be expended in the erection of a headquarters upon the book daily. building for the International Com- At Chautauqua, N. Y, August 1-10, mittee. Rooms will be provided for the many departments of work. The in connection with Chautauqua Assem- structure will be eight stories, firebly. Two hours daily will be devoted proof, located between Fourth and by Mrs. Montgomery to the study of Lexington Avenues and extending "Gloria Christi" and to presentation through from 27th to 28th Streets. of methods in conducting home soci- Other Gifts by Mrs. Russell sage Mrs. Russell Sage has. given North- field Seminary, the school for girls founded by D. L. Moody, sufficient money to erect two much-needed buildings-a chapel to cost $roo,ooo, and a music hall to cost $5°,000. Mr. Sage was a great admirer of Mr. Moody, and in helping the son of the great evangelist and educator enlarge

the father's work, Mrs. Sage ·is in full nephew of William E. Dodge and the accord with the views of her honored son of the Rev. Erskine N. White, husband. D.D., secretary of the Board of Church Erection. By reason of Mr. She has also given $150,000 to the White's deep missionary interest, his Seaman's Friend Society, of New administrative ability, his sane judg- York City, for the building of a new ment, his pastoral sympathy and his home. She will also build an aged high character, he is admirably fitted women's home in New York City, and for the work. add an annex to the Y. M. C. A., which Helen Gould built at the Brook- The Board of Foreign Missions has lyn navy-yard. The Presbyterian Mission College at Beirut, Syria, has re- also appointed the Rev. J. M. Patterceived $75,000 from her. son as assistant secretary for the Progress in Christian Endeavor Home Department, to have charge of foreign mission interests in the South- The Y. P. S. C. E. now numbers west District, in which is located the 44,500 societies in the United States larger number of the Cumberland (20 in Alaska), 4,301 in Canada, 133 churches. in Mexico, 24 in Central America, IOs in South America, 287 in the West Mr. Patterson has for many years Indies, 10,130 in Great Britain, I,II9 been a secretary in connection with on the Continent, 17 in Egypt, 467 in the work of the Cumberland Board of all Africa, 2,900 in Australia, 1,234 in Missions, and his appointment was Asia, and 1,234 in the Pacific Islands. made after consultation with the brethren of the Board and their hearty Proportionate Giving in Home Missions approval.

The Congregational churches of the 'United Presbyterian Successes United States have recently adopted a plan for making a rational and Rev. C. R. Watson, Missionary equitable division of funds among the Secretary of the United Presbyterian various branches of home missionary Church, is able to make this cheering work in order to avoicl rivalry and report: competition among the societies. On a basis of $2,000,000 raised annually "A year ago we were commenting from the churches, the American on the fact that, with 844 added to Board is to receive $860,000, the Home the church in Egypt on profession of Missionary Society $470,000, the faith, the highest record of accessions American Missionary Association in a single year had been established. $250,000, the church building $170,- Yet during this year the report comes 000, the education $110,000, the Sun- that during 1906 there were 951 added day-school and publishing $100,000, to the church in Egypt on profesand ministerial aid $40,000. sion of faith. A few years ago the number professing their faith in New Prelbyterian Secretaries Christ in connection with our mission in India approached 1,000, then ad- The Board of Foreign Missions has vanced to I,IOO for a single year. We announced the election of the Rev. wondered at these rich spiritual har- Stanley White, pastor of the Hillside vests. What shall we then say of the Presbyterian Church, of Orange, N. past year and its record of 1,309-add- ]., as secretary of the Board, to suc- ed to the church in a single year on ceed Doctor Ellinwood, whose ad- profession of faith? The average atvanced years and feebl~ health have tendance on Sabbath services reachobliged him to lay aside all active ing 18,713 in Egypt (more than ever work. before), indicates a new interest in religion among thousands who have Mr. White is a grandson of Nor- not yet accepted Christ. The graduaman White, a former president of the tion of the largest theological class American Bible Society, a grand- and an advance of $7,636 in the native

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

contributions to church work in Egypt the business and professional men who tell of a new consecration of life and means to the service of Christ. On planned it. N. W. Rowell, K.c., one of the other hand, the revival in India, greater in its power this year than a the most brilliant and eloquent of the year ago, baffles estimate and descrip- legal profession in Toronto, the chair- tion. Its convicting power, its cleans- man of the Canadian branch of the ing power, its baptisms for service, movement, made the first address- its quickening visions, have been the "The Laymen's Missionary Move- subjects of long letters, and no state- ment, Its Origin and Aim." He made ment can adequately show forth its two telling points by speaking of the value and its significance for the necessity for overtaking with Gospel future." teaching the enormous hosts of im- migrants now pouring into Canada at Good News from Utah a rate rapidly approaching four per cent. annually of the existing popula- A'Christian worker, who has been tion; and of the open door now in Utah for twelve years, recently is presented by China with its changed quoted as saying that there was more attitude to Western learning and to actual progress in the work during the sacred book of the West, the the last two years than in the prece- Bible. ding decade. The Baptists have been holding special services in Ogden and After an address by J. Campbell Salt Lake City, In Sandy the Congre- White, Robert E. Speer and J. A. gationalists recently received 20 into Macdonald, managing editor of the the church. One Sunday 17 joined the Toronto Globe, the meeting heartily Third Presbyterian Church in Salt endorsed the plan and object of the Lake City. The First Methodist Laymen's Missionary Movement. Church in the same city received since conference over 100 by letter and on GEORGE J. BOND. probation. The Liberty Park Church received upward of 20. The First Negroes of Distinction Methodist Church of Ogden has lately closed a very successful revival meet- Junius c. Groves, of Kansas, ing, with more than 40 additions re- sulting. The Presbyterians are com- produces 75,000 bushels of potatoes pleting a new building for Westmin- every year, the world's record. Alfred ster College, and expect the coming Smith received the blue ribbon at the vear to build a hall for girls. The World's Fair and first prize in Eng- Collegiate Institute will be moved to land for his Oklahoma-raised cotton. the grounds of the college. Some of the 35 patented devices of The Laymen's Missionary Movement m Granville T. Wood, the electrician, form part of the systems of the New Canada York elevated railways and the Bell Telephone Company. W. Sidney Pit- "The most representative gathering man drew the design for the Collis P. of laymen ever seen in Toronto," was Huntington memorial building, the Mayor Coatsworth's remark of the largest and finest at Tuskegee. Daniel Laymen's Missionary Dinner held on H. Williams, M.D., of Chicago, was Tuesday, April 9. From start to the first surgeon to sew up and heal finish the meeting was a great suc- a wounded human heart. Mary cess and can not fail to mark an Church Terrill addrest in three lan- epoch in M1e relation of the laymen of guages at Berlin recently the Inter- the churches of Canada to missions at national Association for the Advance- home and abroad. ment of 'Nomen. Edward H. Morris won his suit between Cook County The program of the meeting was a and the city of Chicago, and has a . proof of the tact and shrewdness of law practise worth $20,000 a year.

Messrs. Cole and Johuson have col- lected royalties on over 1,000,000 copies of their popular songs. Lieut.

Walter H. Loving's Filipino Band at have its uplifting and expansive effect the St. Louis Exposition was declared on institutions of higher learning superior to many better-known bands. among the Negroes, increasing the Edmonia Lewis, who sculptured "The number of pupils. Notwithstanding Marriage of Hiawatha" and the San such gifts as this of Miss Jeanes, and Jose bust of Lincoln, is living abroad; of Mr. Rockefeller to the General her first exhibition took place in Bos- Educational Board, notwithstanding ton in 1865. The French Government the increased prosperity of the South has Henry O. Tanner's painting, "The as a section, notwithstanding the new Raising of Lazarus," on the walls of disposition of Southern political lead- I the Luxembourg. ers to champion generous appropria- This is a better roll of honor than tions for education of the Negro, his a list of places filled by colored folk former and long-tried friends in the in political offices. The Moses of his North still have their duty and gen- race, Booker Taliaferro ,,yashington, erosity to perform.-The Congregais in the prime of life.-N. Y. Times. tionalist. .

These are a few of the names among the negro race which have won A Baptist Exhibit at JAmestown distinction by achievements, and The Baptists of Virginia have which indicate the possibilities of this erected- a building at Jamestown in race under favorable opportunities of which to display in an exhibit of hisfair competition. torical and descriptive material rep- A Million for Southern Negro Schools resenting all the work of American Baptists, north and south. The Mis- Miss Anna T. Jeanes of Phila- sionary Union is represented with a delphia, a Hicksite Quakeress of large graphic display showing the multimeans, who lives a simple life and tudinous forms of work and the relong since established a reputation for sults which are being accomplished. It generosity in Philadelphia, has given is possible that some of the valuable $1,000,000, the income of which is to curiosities in the possession of the assist "Southern community, country Union, such as Judson's precious Burand rural schools." Messrs. Booker man Bible, will be included in the ex- T. Washington and H. B. Frissell, of hibit. It is to be hoped that all Bap- Tuskegee and Hampton Institutes, tist societies, national and local, mishave been appointed trustees with sionary and historical, as well as the power to name a board of responsible denominational colleges and schools, directors. They have announced that will be fittingly represented. The Negroes as well as Whites will be rep- meetings of the Southern Baptist Conresented on the board; and that it is vention at Richmond, and the Northimpossible to express adequately the ern Anniversaries at Washington and gratitude due Miss Jeanes for her the sessions of the General Convencourse in providing ways and means tion at Jamestown will bring to the for supporting a few of the best kind exposition a great throng of Baptists. of rural schools in many counties in Thousands of others will visit it durthe South, which may serve as object ing the summer. lessons far and wiele. They pledge The exhibit will present the Baptist that the fund will be used to encourage denomination and its work before the self-help, and to supplement, not sup- public as it never has been presented plant, money appropriated by the before. Southern states. Multiplication of bet- Progress of the Gospel in Cuba. ter schools in the South ,vill increase the demand for such teachers as mis- Wm. E. Curtis, of the Chicago sion schools can supply; on the other Record Herald, writes from Havana hand, betterment of primary and that tho only ten years ago Protes- secondary educational conditions will tantism had no place in Cuba, "to-

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 47I

day 10 Protestant denominations access than ever before to the circulahave some 145 regularly established tion of the Bible. Colporteurs do not churches and 88 mission stations, with meet the bitter opposition that they 58 buildings, costing $168,412, in once did, and the Bible is gradually charge of 96 pastors and 67 helpers. finding its way into the most remote There are 139 Sunday-schools, with corners of the land. The Protestant 408 officers and teachers and 6,042 evangelical churches are making rapid scholars, nearly all Cuban children. and substantial progress. Weare There are 44 young people's Protes- entering upon an era of spiritual tant societies, with I,325 members and awakening that promises to be of in- 258 honorary or associate members. calculable benefit to the people. The There are 25 parsonages, valued at most important events that are occur- $46,500, belonging to the various ring on the island are not of a political Protestant organizations. The Protes- character. They have nothing to do tants also have 2I day and· boarding with the pulling down of this man or schools with 95 teachers, 2,477 pupils the setting up of that other. The and 27 young men studying for the events of the deepest significance and ministry. During the last year $38,- of the most far-reaching results are 466 was collected as. tuition fees in the conversions that are taking place these various schools. The Protes- as the result of the entrance of the tants of Cuba now support two re- Bible into the heart. These are the ligious weekly newspapers. The total events that will have the most direct membership of all the Protestant bearing upon the future history of the churches in Cuba is 7,78I, and 95 per "Pearl of the Antilles"; and it is a cent. of them are natives converted more glorious work to be engaged in from the Catholic population since the disseminating the Bible than it is to be building railroads, tunneling mounintervention. tains, bridging rivers, or even direct- ing the political affairs of the island. Conditions in Cuba The circulation of the Bible in Cuba The Rev. Pedro Rioseco, in his an- for the year, in spite of the war and nual report to the American Bible So- other untoward circumstances, has ciety from the agency in the West been quite encouraging. There were 17,936 volumes spread broadcast- Indies says: I,229 Bibles, 3,6I6 Testaments, and Cuba must undergo a moral and I3,09I portions. There were three men employed constantly, and some spiritual reconstruction before she is seven or eight at various times, workcapable of utilizing her privileges to ing a 'total of 972 days, traveling the best advantage, and the Bible must 8,644 miles, ami visiting I94 towns and be an essential factor in the uplift and villages. betterment of this people. To-day conditions on the island are anything Opportunities in Mexico but satisfactory. The paramount question seems to be, "Is it worth Latin America presents to-day few while to cultivate the fields, to raise so good opportunities for successful cattle, to improve your property, when missionary effort as in the city of Tamn:) cne knows just when the next up- pico, Mexico. The government of the rising will occur?" If a careful vote republic is not hostile to the Christian were taken to-day of all who own missionary as is the case in some other property and of those who are able fields. The atmosphere of the city itto appreciate the actual situation, I do self is singularly liberal, there being not doubt at all but that the vast ma- but one priest and one Roman Cathojority would declare themselves in lic church in a population of 20,000. favor of havi.ng the United States And the common people, tho wretched- Government exercise a more direct and ly immoral, are more industrious and immediate control of affairs in Cuba.

Meanwhile, the island is freer of less ignorant than in many parts of the each of the four principal churches. republic. According to this plan the first meet- ing was held in the Methodist Episco- The population of Tampico is drawn pal Church and in spite of a threat- from all parts of Mexico, the native ening storm the church was crowded. Huastecan element perhaps predomi- During the succeeding weeks, the nating. These Huastecans, who are meetings were presided over by the natives of the State of Vera Cruz, are pastors of the churches in which they among the keenest and most progres- were held, and there was not a single sive and most liberty-loving of all the meeting in which there wet;e not some Mexican races. Some of the tribes people who came for the first time and have never acknowledged the sover- who had never before manifested a deeignty of the federal government, it is sire for their own salvation. said. They are peaceful, industrious, truthful in the main, and "canny." It The meeting for parents brought to is a noticeable fact that few of even those present a deep feeling of rethe poorest people go without shoes. sponsibility for the souls of their chil- dren. The consecration service for A large foreign population in Tam- the young people resulted in several pico undoubtedly is responsible for conversions. More than 50 young much of its progressiveness. In any people of both sexes, some moved business house transaction may be car- even to tears, prayed with great ferried on in English, while French and vency, consecrating themselves to the German are spoken by many. Lord. In the service arranged for children, the testimony given by a But the city is a veritable Sodom. little girl of twelve years of age Immorality is terribly prevalent. For- touched the hearts of all persons eigners and natives alike are given to present. all sorts of vice. And through all the years to the present thne there has Revivals in Mexico do not usually. been but one small mission stemming accomplish as large numerical results the tide. The Associated Reformed as similar campaigns in the United Presbyterian Church has valiantly States or England. When two or three maintained a stand for thirty years come to us directly from the Roman with results that have surely justified Catholic Church and we are able to all the expenditure of life and money retain· them, it is considered that a that they have cost. A year ago, in victory has been gained. Whatever the summer of 1906, I was sent here may have been the numerical results, by the American Baptist Home Mis- the spiritual uplift has been mighty. sion Society to found a mission. That The faith of many has been wonderwork has prospered, tho under diffi- fully increased, their convictions culties. Converts have been won from strengthened, and their hopes re- Romanism and a church organized, newed; while many others who had with every prospect fair for future grown lax have returned to their growth and stability. "first love."

ARTHUR ST. C. SLOAN. A Beginning Made in Peru A Revival in Mexico City In r893 an attempt was made to plant the Gospel in Peru by the The Rev. V. Mendoza of the Meth- Regions Beyond Mission. A foothold odist Episcopal Mission writes that was secured in 1895 in Cuzco, the there has been a revival in Mexico capital of the Inca Empire, and in City, not the result of a sudden im- spite of the most bitter and bigoted pulse, but the outcome of a series of opposition, which forms a thrilling events which culminated in the Mex- chapter of modern missions, this straican pastors of the City of Mexico tegic center has been held, as is also agreeing to begin a regular campaign the city of Arequipa, known as "the to be carried on for four weeks.; the services to be held for one week in Rome of Peru." In each city there olence are named in sums of from is a little church in which the simple iI,OOO to i5,000, and 10 more in sums evangel of redeeming love is pro- between i1,000 and 1200. The will is claimed. An Inca Indian named Car- also mentioned of Isaiah· Trotter, of los is, as far as is known, the first Gloucester, by which are left b,ooo to Christian convert to publicly proclaim the British and Foreign Bible Society, his faith in Christ by baptism. He b,OOD to the Baptist Missionary Sohas become an evangelizing force, and ciety, iI,OOO to Spurgeon's Orphanby the valuable aid of David F. Wat- age, and bequests to servants. The kins, a Mexican missionary, who residue of his estate he bequeathed to visited Peru, an Inca Evangelical So- Spurgeon's Orphanage and Spurciety has been formed at Arequipa, geon's College. with Senor Forga as its head. William T. Stead as a Peacemaker EUROPE Mr. Stead proposed that a group of The ~iork of the Largeat Bible Society prominent Americans start May I for London, there to be joined by 4 similar The British and Foreign Bible So- group of Englishmen. The entire party ciety has on its list versions in over was then to visit the different capitals, 400 languages. These have a circula- adding at each one new delegation. tion of nearly 6,000,000 copies per Then the big peace army would on year and are priced according to the June I arrive at The Hague to attend purchasing power of the poorest the first peace parliament of the world. laborers in the various fields. In Eng- In a statement given to the New York land a Bible can be bought for 6d. World, Mr. Stead outlined the objects (On the penny Testament, the Society of the "Peace Pilgrims." These four has already lost over 125,000.) In points are the immediate objective of France, Italy and Germany the very any demonstration which may be set cheapest Bible is sold for some 25 on foot in support of The Hague concents and copies may be had in each ference, and they might be taken as of the great languages of India for the petition of the pilgrims: about the same price. In China, Korea and Japan, a Bible costs the society 1. An arrest of the increase of arma- 50 cents (not including wages of em- ments. ployees), and is sold for sixpence. Expenses of distribution are often 2. Governments to undertake the work heavy, as it has cost $300 for freight of peace societies and appropriate one dolto send out $500 worth of Bibles to lar for every thousand dollars spent for war some distant missions. Large supplies to peace propaganda"and international hosare sent to the American Bible So- pitality. ciety, chiefly for the use of European immigrants. The two societies sup- 3. Refusal to call in seconds or special ply each other with books at the actual mediators before making war to be puncost of production. The British· and ished by refusing war loans and making im- Foreign Society spends some $1,000,- ports contraband of war. 000 per year, and receives $500,000 for Scriptures sold; $750,000 comes 4. Arbitration to be made obligatory on from subscriptions and churches. all questions of secondary importance which do not affect honor or vital interests. Great Baptist Bequests Church Union in France Under this heading a recent London Christian mentions the will of the late The law separating church and state W. R. Rickett of Hampstead relating in France has led to the consolidation to the division of an estate valued at of the Protestant churches into one 1216,946. Some 20 bequests to benev- body. Tho these churches are few, and weak in numbers, they include men who influence public opinion, and their influence as churches may be greatly increased by their union. Their Declaration of Union presents in its first articles this simple and compre-

hensive confession of faith: "In Jesus preparing a translation of the whole Christ, as Son of the Living God, and New Testament for the printer.

Savior of men; the unique religious The work in South Africa also is value 6f the Bible, document of the most encouraging. Grasshoppers have progressive revelation of God; and the brought some physical suffering high duty of churches and of believ- through the small harvest, but the ers to put into practise free investiga- progress of the Gospel is apparent.

tion in harmony with the rules of the After 25 years of faithful labors scientific method, and the reconciling among the Bawendas in Northern of modern thought with the Gospel." Transvaal the first native pastor has The united church will be Presbyterian been ordained amid great rejoicings.

in its polity, with a general synod as Stephen Makhado, such is his name, its governing body. The exigencies is the son of a native chief who, years of the time are reenforcing the lead- ago, threatened with death the son ing of the Holy Spirit and the con- who believed in Christ, and has stood victions of Christians that disciples of before his heathen brethren many one Lord should act unitedly as His years, an example of Christian· faith- Church to witness to Him and to ex- fulness and love. It is encouraging tend His kingdom.-The Congrega- also to hear that the native Christians tionalist. are taking a most decided stand The Work of a Great German Society against the evil of drunkenness, which has vastly increased since the Boer The Berlin Missionary Society, founded in 1824, has laborers in two War. different parts of the Master's vine- In China the schools are crowdeu yard, in Africa and in China, and the reports from both are most encourag- and the medical mission proves of ing. In East Africa the rebellion of greatest value. A seminary for natiyc the natives against Germany has been teachers and preachers is in course of put down, and all laborers are busily erection at Tsimo, while a school for at work mending the breaches. While Chinese girls will soon be erected III Tsingtau.

it is true that during the war two of The 450th Anniversary of the Beginning of the stations of the society, Milow and the Moravian Church Jacobi, were destroyed and the mis- The date usually given for the be- sionaries.living there were driven out, ginning oJ the Moravian Church, or that other stations were severely Unitas Fratrum, is March I, 1457.

threatened, and that the work all over Whether March I is correct we can German East Africa suffered most not say, but there is little doubt that severely, the missionaries never ceased 1457 is the year in which the church to pray and labor during the dark was founded. It is therefore now 450 days of the war. Now, after peace years old, and moreover, as a matter has been restored, there is greater of historical fact, is the oldest Protes- readiness of the natives to hear the tant Church in Britain. The history Gospel than there was before the of these 450 years is a wonderful rec- war. Milow and Jacobi are being re- ord, and God's guiding hand can be built, and the numbe" of earnest in- seen all through the vicissitudes of this quirers after the truth has greatly in- ancient Church. After leading the creased in the country so lately paci- van in the Protestant movement, it fied. A new school has been opened was practically exterminated, but was in Lupembe, which is already well at- again raised up to lead the ·van in tended, and the missionaries are hard Protestant foreign missionary work, at work preaching the Gospel and pre- and to help in the evangelical revival paring translations of tracts and cate- in Britain. At this time we should chisms in the different languages. The specially remember our mission in missionaries among the Kondes are Bohemia and Moravia, the home of

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

our spiritual fathers. The short ar- their stables in the winter which lasts ticle by Bishop Hamilton, D.D., shows many months of the year. The popthat there is a God-given opening for ulation of this place is of Kurds, Protestant teaching, but that owing to Armenians, and Turks. The Amerlack of funds the work is handicarJt>ed, ican Board has here 250 church-memand we can not press on as we should bers, besides an industrial plant and wish. the usual accompaniments of a mis- sion station. ASIA Robben Attack a Missionary Station Bitlis Missionaries Homeless The station of the German Orient The recent ea·rthquake has left Mission at Sanschbulack, on the borhomeless the people and missionaries der of Persia, was attacked by robof Bitlis, Turkey. The poor people bers (probably Kurds) during the had not recovered from the massacre, night from February 15 to 16. The and now, opprest by the Turk, laden missionary, von Oertzen, was slightly with unjust taxation, suffering famine wounded, while Mr. Dammann, a through prices four times higher than German student, who was investigausu'al, they are encamped in the snow. ting the language of the country and Immediate assistance is urgently re- was a guest of the missionary, was quested from Mr. W. W. Peet, of killed. Constantinople, treasurer of the American Mission. Leading Fads About India Those who have known of the Ve may for convenience divide this heroic missionary and relief work 9f country-in itself a little world-into Rev. and Mrs. R. M. Cole, Miss Nel- three main divisions: The Himalaylie Cole, and the Misses Charlotte and an, the Ganges Basin, and the South Mary Ely, will need no urging to lend Tableland. The population may be a helping hand. Mr. Cole, a partial roundly stated as 300,000,000, with invalid from a fall received last year some 3,000,000 in Christian comwhile on a tour to succor the refugees munities, with 3,000 to 4,000 misin the Moush region, has bravely re- sionaries, 600,000 native Christians, mained at his post waiting for rein- 93 societies at work, and 300 distinct forcements before leaving for Amer- languages and dialects. It is now just ica. 200 years since evangelical missions began under Zugenbalg and Pliit- The Misses Ely, graduates of Mt. schau. The popUlation is also mainly Holyoke, have built a Mt. Holyoke in divisible into three classes: Hindus, Bitlis amid the mountains of Kurdi- 207,000,000; Moslems, 63,000,000; stan, often touring in the winter on Buddhists, 9,000,000, and 21,000,000 snow-sleds among the villages where various. other sects. The country is their pupils are working as teachers, some 1,800 miles broad and long at Bible-readers and pastors' wives. its greatest' measurements. While With their buildings and industries these numbers are not exact, they are destroyed, what shall these mission- accurate enough for all practical puraries do with their pupils and or- poses, and may be the more easily phans whom they have sheltered and borne in mind because they are almost trained? How shall they meet the without exception multiples of three. refugees crowding around them? Rev. Dr. Miller Retires from the Madras The Bitlis station was established some 50 years ago, literally speaking, Christian College in 1859. It has in the valley in whi~h it is situated, as a rule, but one mIs- After forty-five years of missionary sionary and his wife, but there were service, the Rev. W. Miller, LL.D., C. others there at this time. It is built I.E., is retiring to Scotland at the age on a rocky slope 5,000 feet above the of sixty-nine years. As a student he sea and the horses are confined to stood the first of his year in the uni- – ties of the Indian worker, and of versity, and on coming out to Madras hastening the work at less cost. An speedily acquired the r~putation of a Indian missionary, the Rev. Meshach teacher of rare genius. He not only Peter, has been appointed in the Arcot taught, but he planned education with Mission and has been placed in charge statesmanlike comprehension, and of the Wandewash field. He is al- may, without exaggeration, be called lowed to carryon his missionary work the greatest educationist India has in the same way as his American col-· had. Scorning to compare the Free leagues. This is another stage in ad- Church Institution and College with vance in the remarkable progress of t~e Presidency College, he quickly, by the Arcot Mission and marks a new sheer teaching power and force of epoch in its history.

character, raised it well above the The Nepal Mission . government institution. He conceived the idea of a united Christian college Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Innes Wright for all the educational missions, and write that mission work has now been the Madras Christian College, first carried on for over nine years at Suk- and greatest of its class, was the re- hia Pokhri, a small village on the sult. Consistently from the com- Himalayas, in the Darjeeling district.

mencement of his career, Doctor Mil- This village stands at an elevation of ler has admitted that his calling as an 7,200 feet, and is within three miles educational missionary is inferior to of the frontier of Nepal, an inde- the calling of evangelical missionaries. pendent native state containing over He has -rendered great services to the 3,000,000 people, among whom there government, which have been worthily are no resident missionaries, the coun- acknowledged; and public estimation try being closed to Europeans. The has exprest itself in the form of the object of our mission is to reach with only statue erected to the honor of a the Gospel the Nepalis, many of missionary in India.-The Star of whom come to the weekly bazaar held India. at Sukhia Pokhri. Evangelistic meet- Medical Missions in the Punjab ings are held in the hall in the bazaar or when on tour, the attendance at The Punjab Mission News gives which has exceeded ro6,ooo. Many statistics of mission hospitals and dis- of these Nepalis had never before pensaries which are startling in their heard of Christ. All who attend the size. In the C. E. Z. Medical Mission Gospel meetings receive medicine free at Sukkur, Sindh, in I906, nearly of charge. Since the commencement 9,000 patients were dealt with, and medical help has been given to over 643· women were visited in their own 100,000, of whom considerable numhomes. In Hyderabad, Sindh, last bers have come long distances from year nearly 8,000 women and children the interior of Nepal. Gospels are received medical aid. In the CM.S. sold and mission tours – undertaken hospital at Srinagar, from November during the cold season, meetings be- IS to January IS, there were 5,635 ing held and medicine given on the patients' visits; and at Amritsar in the same period 2,346 patients visited the way.

main hospital. A Hindu Woman Honored in London A ForwM"d Step in India It is noteworthv that the first occa- sion upon which "an Indian Christian Another sign of progress in India woman has been presented in the oriis the policy recently adopted by the ental costume, and made the Hindu Arcot Mission of the Reformed salutation, took place at the recent (Dutch) Church, increasing the re- Court. Miss Das was a pupil in the sponsibility of native workers. Such mission girls' school at Bhowanipore, a method secures a twofold object- and she and her parents attended the that of developing the latent capabili-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

mlsslOn church. Her hther entered They may also be trapt like eels; the London Mission College at Bho- so it is a common practise to hang au wanipore, and was there brought to ordinary eel trap over the doorway Christ and baptized. He afterward of a house supposed to be visited by graduated at Calcutta University and demons. These traps, made of bamjoined the Congregational body. He boo, are of various lengths and sizes; has been elected a member of the but that used for demon trapping is Viceroy's Legislative Council, and is about a foot and a half long by six deeply interested in the education and inches in diameter. They are conical advancement of his fellow country- in shape, and so plaited that an eel men. Miss Das is studying the edu- or demon, having once entered, is cational methods of training in this unable to come out again. The trap country, in view of the proposed erec- is hung up, by a piece of string, imtion of a large college in India for the mediately opposite the front door, training of female teachers. Who and it is hoped that the demon in his shall attempt to estimate the results search for the door will accidentally which seem likely to flow from that enter the mouth of the trap and find conversion at Bhowanipore College?- himself a prisoner!" London Christian. Bibles as Evangelists A Correction In an article on the "Swedish Bap- The March number of THE MIS- tists in China," which recently ap- SIONARY REVIEW (p. 306) stated that peared in The Baptist Times, the Rev. "the Stuttgarter Verein has decided E. W. Burt, of the Baptist Mission, to establish in Tiibingen a medical Shantung, gives a striking example of mission training college." This medi- the power of God's Word to lead souls cal missionary training school is to be to Himself, irrespective of any human established in Tiibingen under the teaching: "I must tell you about some supervision of six of the great Ger- men who came from a distant village man missionary societies, viz: Berlin in the hills, and it is a pleasure to do 1. and II., Basel, Moravian, Barmen, so, because their conversion was due Hermannsburg, and of the Committee directly to the sale of Bibles by a colof the Getman evangelical missionary porteur of the British and Foreign Bisocieties. The Board of Directors for ble Society. Last spring they begged the new training school is composed the missionary to visit them, and, busy of representatives of the societies as he was, he managed to go, tho from named above, of th.e Committee, and past experience far from sanguine, of a number of prominent friends of and fully expecting that some lawsuit medical missions in Germany and or other trouble was at the bottom of Switzerland. Thus the new under- their eagerness. Judge his surprize, taking is of greatest importance. The when he arrived, to find they had built school will be opened in 1908. a chapel and got everything ready. Three years before they had gained Chinese Belief in Demons possession of Bibles, and, without any human aid, had come to believe in "The Chinese are very loath to Christ. They had for years been seektravel after dark, not only because ing the truth, joining secret sect after the roads are dangerous, but because secret sect, but finding no satisfaction. of the greater danger of meeting One was a schoolmaster (who has with demons who have got loose since lost his schoo: for becoming a from the 'infernal regions' and are Christian), another kept a shop, and seeking to catch some one to send a third was a village elder. In the afback as their substitute. Demons ternoon these were all baptized, and 'fly in a straight line' ; therefore walls we afterward sat down to the Lord's are built crookedly to intercept them. Supper."-Bible Society Record.

[June Rescue Work in Japan While in the prison, I have determined to act according to the will of God by the A correspondent writes from a help of the Holy Spirit. After I have left "Home" in Tokyo, of which there is the prison I wish to work for Him. Please much need in all parts of Japan, that tell m~ more about ~he teachings of Christ, there are at that home for rescued and gwe me somethmg to feed my faith. girls 20 women and girls whose ages range from six to thirty years. Even In a subsequent letter this man little girls have been sold into lives of adds: sin. Three who are aged six, ten and fourteen years were rescued from an God has blest me and opened for me aunt who was planning to sell them, the way of salvation while I was in the their mother being extremely poor lowest depths of sin. For this I thank and incompetent. They are exception- Him . . . Disconte,ntment has all gone, and ally bright, active, and pretty little peace now reigns m my heart. True joy girls. All of the girls are trying to has been given in the place of trouble and learn to be self-supporting, so as to be grief. Only God c~n give us these thin'gs. able to earn an honest living. They He has even promised us that as "He is have learned to knit golf-jackets, perfect we shall also be perfect." gloves, mittens, shawls, etc., which have been sold and help a little to- Ple!lse rememb~r me when you pray, ward the expenses. These girls also mornmg and evenmg, When I become free spend some hours daily in study, as I shall see you and become a Christian. their education has been neglected. There is a teacher at the home for S. K those who are too old to attend school. Some of the younger ones attend the The Doshisha Universily public school, and several have been received into mission schools as free The spirit of hopefulness and cour- age has taken hold of the Doshisha pupils. and, in fact, of all Christian institu- tions in Japan. With Rev. Tasuku Converted in a Japanese Priaon Harada <l:s its newly-elected president, representmg as he does the churches Some months ago a postal card and the trustees, as well as the Young was received at the Bible House in P~ople's Society of Christian Endeav- Yokohama, of which the following or, of whose national organization he is a translation: has been president for many years, and at the same time standing for REV. H. LOOMIS :-1 am now in prison, sound scholarship and Japanese leaddragging out my days in pain, shame, and ership in all Christian work, there is sorrow; and all these are the result of a much enthusiasm among all classes wicked heart. Now I am greatly troubled, over his election. The theological deand feel the urgent necessity of a religion partment has 41 students, for whom that will make my heart anew, as all our there are already important places life, whether good or evil, is determined by waiting and even in great need. The the condition of the heart. In view of this trustees are planning to raise funds to I want to study the Bible and earnestly so- increase the endowment, that the licit a donation of one and some commen- school may not fall behind similar tary on the same. Please save me. schools in the country, and so give the S, K. impression that Christians do not de- A copy of the New Testament and sire the best education or that their some tracts were sent, and later came leaders are short cut men. Christian the following communication: work in Japan to-day demands the best kind of educated leaders. Every- I offer you my most profound thanks for where the Doshisha is known as a the books. The more I reflect, the more I Christian institution, and her influfeel that my sins are great and my heart ence has gone out into all the earth. is full of fear. I wish to become a servant of God as soon as possible by confessing ISLANDS OF THE SEA my sins and leading a life of strong and true faith in Him. Please, sir, when you Methodist Missions in New Pomerania kneel morning and evening before God, pray for me. This island used to be known as New Britain. Tho the Australasian Methodist Church finds its greatest mission field in Frigi, yet the work in Is It Worth While?

New Pomerania, started in 1875, is The first missIOnaries to New steadily rising to 'importance. The Guinea were natives who had been number of missionaries is I I, with trained in the London Missionary Sowhom 3 native ministers and 141 na- ciety's Institution at Tahaa, one of the tive teachers are associated. The Society Islands. But they were folchurch-members number 2,591, with lowed almost immediately by 8 teach- 845 on trial, 1,735 catechumens, and ers .from the Loyalty Islands, taken 17,I99 attendants upon public wor-· out tn 1871, and to them really belongs ship. The native contributions last the great honor of being the first year amounted to $6,765. Christian teachers to do regular mis- The Indian Mission in Fiji sionary work in New Guinea. From that date to the present time Five years ago there were 13,000 Indians in Fiji; there are now 30,000, there has been an unbrokeri succession among whom there are three Euro- ?f Polynesian missionaries to the big pean missionaries, two missionary sis- Island. As often as the John Williams ters and two Indian workers! During has voyaged from the islands of the the year the Rev. A. E. Lapthorne en- Pacific to New Guinea, so often has tered upon his duties at Navua, where it carried Pacific island missionaries. he has the double task of attending They have many difficulties to meet to European and Indian residents. He and dangers to face. They go to a writes hopefully of the work. At land 2,000 miles or more away from Davuilevu the Dudley Orphanage has home. They have hard and strange been opened during the year, in which languages to learn. They run the risk are already gathered 6 children, the of catching the terrible New Guinea youngest of whom when received was fever. They have to leave their little nine days old. A Christ-like work, children behind in Samoa, because the which will bear precious fruit. In the climate is so bad. The peoples among Lautoka Circuit the work is one un- whom they live are savages and canceasing struggle with difficulties. Ten nibals. Many who have gone have thousand heathen people and only 3 died at their work; some have been workers! Wha,t: are these among so cruelly murdered. Btlt the supply has many? It is expected that early in never failed.-Pearls of the Pacific.

1907 t.hree Catechists from India will Serious News from Sumatra reinforce our Indian staff in Fiji, and other workers, it is hoped, will follow A telegram from Sumatra, received until our laborers in this work will be at the headquarters of the Rhenish more commensurate with the needs of Missionary Society, simply says: the fie1d.-Mala:vsia Message. "Station Lumban na Bolon (near the The Gospel Entering Sumatra and Java lake of Toba, in Uluan) destroyed It is pleasant to be informed by one through uprising of natives. One child who has sought out the facts in the case that in Sumatra the extremely perished in the flames." Particulars successful propaganda of Islam, whicl1 of the sad occurrence have not yet ar- rived. .

has been going on for the last 500 OBITUARY years, has been brought to a stand- Louisa Proctor. of Syria still by energetic missionary work among pagans and Moslems. In Java Among those whose names have are now living 18,000 who have been been inseparably associated with the converted to Christianity from Mo- evangelization of the region round hammedanism, and the converts from about Mount Lebanon, one of the most Islam to Christianity amount to from prominent is Miss Louisa Proctor 300 to 400 adults annually. whose death is announced with sorrow:

'When traveling through the land in Y.W.C.A., the Christian Endeavor, 1879, Miss Proctor's heart was much and many other agencies established touched; she went home with a lively in connection with the work. Miss interest in the Syrian race, especially Tindall and Miss Stephenson, two in the Druses, a people singularly in Englishwomen, have just lately been a great comfort and support to Miss need of the Gospel light. Proctor, and no fewer than 12 native The needy condition of this ancient teachers and 3 Bible-women have been assisting her and Mr. Saad in their body of people living in a kind of spir- educational and missionary work. In itual twilight appealed to the Irish many parts of Syria, Palestine, and woman visitor; and after seeking Di- Egypt, scholars who have passed vine guidance, she joined Mrs. Mentor through these schools are now occu- Mott, and assisted her in her work, as pying positions of usefulness in many one of the founders of the British Syr- towns and villages where their bearian Mission. She then passed on to ing and testimony exercise a spiritual help Miss Hicks, of the Female Edu- influence.-The Christian. cation Society, at Shemlau, and afterward joined Miss Taylor in her val- Rev. E. Storrow. of England uable school work for Druse and Moslem girls in Beirut. In this way she The passing of Rev. Edward Storbecame acquainted with the methods row closes a long life of exceptional adopted by the three societies, which usefulness. He was the oldest Conshe afterwa,rd found of great use in gregational minister in Brighton, havthe service to which God had called ing reached the age of eighty-eight. her. Six years later, having received Entering the ministry from Rotheran earnest petition from the people of ham College in 1844, he spent four Schwifat, she opened a boarding- years at Bawtry, and then went out to school for girls, with fifteen pupils. India as a missionary of the London When in England, Miss Proctor had Missionary Society. He worked in previously sought the advice and sym- Calcutta for twenty years, gaining a pathy of the late Mr. George Miiller, wide reputation as a Hindu scholar of Bristol, and he suggested the desira- and a skilful debater with educated bility of praying for something defi- natives. Returning from India, he nite. He thought her great need was ministered at Rugby for seven years, for a native gentleman to assist in and proceeding to Brighton ir 1875, building up a solid and lasting work he held the pastorate of SudeJey-place for God among the young people. For Church until r888. this they prayed together, and God raised up Mr. Tanius Saad, who has School of Missions Afloat been a most faithful and zealous coworker with Miss Proctor for over A notable feature of the March trip of the S.S. Mongolia to Japan and twenty years. China was the daily conference for the In 1888, an extension was made by ~udy of missions. A large number of missionaries, mission superintendents, the addition of a boarding-school for and Christian leaders, on their way to boys, commencing with 1 I boarders; the great missionary gathering in the number has now risen to 70, and Shanghai, met twice daily to discuss there are 33 day-scholars besides. This and study some of the present day branch of the work is carried on in a questions in regard to the wonderful large and solid building completed in development of Eastern Asia. It 1896. Over 1,200 boys and girls- proved to be a most valuable course children of Druse, Moslem, Greek, and of study, a very school of missions. Catholic parents-have been brought under Christian influence, and at the present moment there are 183 scholars in attendance, 114 of them being boarders. There are branches of the

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1907

OFFICERS OF CHICHICASTENANGO, A TOWN OF THE

NATION, CENTRAL AMERICA

of the World VOL. XXX. No. MARCH, 1907 VOL. XX. No. Old Suies New &ries SIGNS OF THE TIMES A MEN'S RALLY FOR MISSIONS central committee or "clearing house," is c01;:;posed of one hundred laymen The coming missionary movement among whom are Robert Speer, Willis among young people and the lay- iam Schieffelin and other representmen of our churches. On January 9th, ative men of all denominations. a men's missionary rally dinner was held in Philadelphia; on January 23, Secretaries of ~ea~ly forty boards another in Brooklyn; on February II, indorsed the plan in behalf of the one in the Waldorf-Astoria, New boards which they represented. Com- York, and on February 19-21, one in plete harmony, ihtitual deference and Omaha, Nebraska. In Philadelphia business-like ~ethod marked the the movement was inaugurated with flags of all nations fiying, under the ) banners of denominational missionary boards. meeting.

The Hon. Samuel B. Capen, presi- THE NEW LAYMEN'S MOVEMENT dent of the American Board, dedicated the moven'tent to the evangelization of In this ever;; true believer must the world. The'Laymen's Missionary reJOIce. For seventy-five years the Movement was born in prayer and General-in-Chie(has been calling out with a realization of the latent re- His reserves. First, the women orsources and energies of the great body ganized for missions; then, shortly of the church membership. It has after, young men; then young women opened the way for the active enlist- -in Christian associations; then both, ment for definite service of the thou- in the Christian Endeavor, Epworth sands of mature men of means and League, etc.; and even the boys and influence within the fellowship of the girls, in their Junior societies, began church. to form new brigades. It seemed as tho the whole church were falling "The church has been in the retail into line; and even the world was business long enough," declared Mr. becoming "enthused," until the danger Capen, outlining the plan which in- was of a "mixt multitude" that always cludes the forming of distinct and falls "a-lusting." But, after all, there self-governing groups of laymen in was need of waking up the men as a each church to vitalize existing mis- whole. Thousands of church members sionary bodies. A commission of fifty were asleep, or awake for everything men to be appointed by the missionary but the Lord's business, and immense boards, will view the fields. The power was running to waste as far as church work goes. '

Of late, there has been a mighty movement among the brethren. As a speaker lately observed, the time costly, it is more costly, both i~ effort had passed when, if the women and money, to those that prepare these wanted to know anything about mis- pages. To secure, every month, such sions, they would "inquire of their contact with experts everywhere on husbands at home," for the women the field, demands large outlay.

had the fund of information them- But, however the facts and claims selves and were the better referees! of the world field are learned, learned THE PRESBYTERIAN BROTHERHOOD they must be, if enthusiasm is not to be evanescent and illusive. Let the This new Brotherhood met recently men take the same pains as the women at Indianapolis, over six hundred dele- have, before them, to know and make gates strong, representative of the other men know, what is doing and whole denomination, and planned ag- needs doing, in every part of the gressive work for the body of men in world, and this knowledge will stimthe church. The Laymen's Movement ulate prayer, enlarge gifts, and compel Committee, representing all denomina- the consecration of children and of tions, is one of the direct outgrowths self to the work. of the Haystack Centennial, and aims to enlist business and professional MONEY AND MISSIONS men, outside the ministry, in praying, giving and all forms of working for Some have feared that undue emthe advancement of the world's evan- phasis may be laid on money. But gelization. this will not be, if there is a true ac- quaintance with the work, for intel- We bid these new forms of en- ligent giving is very different from deavor Godspeed. But, just here, we ignorant, impUlsive and indiscriminate emphasize one great fact that, with- giving. Let missions be conscientiousout systematic effort to gatl1er and ly studied and all good results must disseminate information about the follow. mission field and work, any such forward movement will prove ephemeral. Apropos of this, the present proposal Fire needs fuel, and without it even a. to send fifty of the best men in busiconflagration soon ends in ashes. If ness and professional life, from this we may, without immodesty, say so, country and Canada, to visit the miswe believe it is the reading of such sion stations of other lands and unofpages as those of THE MISSIONARY ficially report to the church at home is REVIEW that such information is, in a grand measure that will forever pu.t great part, to be made available. This to silence the ignorance of foolish is not a money-making scheme; if it men, and the senseless talk of silly had been, it would long time have prejudice. Surely God is moving-let been abandoned as a hopeless failure. us take heed and follow fast in His steps!

It is meant, and self-sacrificingly THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY maintained, for the sake of getting LESSONS and giving the fullest and freshest There are signs of advance in mis- knowledge, both as to the facts and sionary instruction in the Sunday- the problems of missions. And if to schools. When 14,000,000 boys and the reader the information seems girls, men and women, in our Amer-

SIGNS OF THE TIME5

:2:111 church schools in America enter the Hwa Miao. Rev. S. Pollard on a systematic study of missions we writes that the number of baptized may expect to see great results in members now exceeds 1,200. He giving, in going, and in praying. Fol- mentions a convention which they lowing the recommendation of the had held as an offset to a. great festi- Sunday-school Editori~l Association val which the people had been in the and the impulse given by the Young habit of holding annually and which People's Missionary Movement, sev- was a time of great carousal, drunkeneral missionary and Sunday-school ness and immorality. On the Sunday papers make a point of giving the mis- of the convention over a hundred sionary application of the Interna- were baptized, and a. large number tional lessons. The Sunday-school again a few days later, when 2,500 Times gives each week a brief sug- people were present. "On Sunday, gestive article on "The Lesson's Mis- July 1st, 230 more were baptized at sionary Meaning." The Baptist Mis- Rice Ear Valley, where a third chapel sionary Magazine devotes a page or to seat 700 is being built. In the next two each month to the same purpose seven days about 200 more were bapand the children's Over Sea and tized." Mr. Pollard also mentions the missionary spirit among the Miao, Land furnishes much good material and describes how they go and persisfor interesting our boys and girls in tently preach in other villages. this great work.

CHINESE ABORIGINES FLOCKING AN ENCOURAGING WORK IN TO CHRIST FORMOSA We would call attention to the ac- When Rev. Mr. Barclay of the Eng~ count of the remarkable spiritual lish Presbyterian Mission visited Siau- movement among the aborigines in lang in October, and baptized fifteen Western China, as it is described on adults, with ten children, he made the another page. For several years the following entry in the Book of Candi- work has been progressing steadily dates: "The movement in this region among this interesting people, and seems one of the most remarkable in now a great reaping time has come. the history of the mission. The facility Recently, in connection with a series with which the Gospel spreads strikes of visits by China inland missionaries, one. Five years ago, there was no pub- over 1,000 men and women confest lic meeting for worsb.ip; now there are their faith in Christ and were bap- three, with 200-300 regular worship- tized. ers. The main influences, according to the people themselves here, seem These persons were most carefully to have been the hospital and Brother examined, and their understanding of Tsui-ka. There seems no ulterior mo- the Gospel seemed to be clear and sure. tive influencing the people." It will be right to assume, therefore, that God has begun a new and blessed More recently, Rev. Mr. Campbell . work among this otherwise unreached of the Presbyterian Mission, visited people. the place and was kept busy examining nearly fifty candidates for baptism. A similar awakening has been go- About 300 people from some twenty- ing on in Yunnan Province among

four villages were present at both ser- after which an infusion is made and vices on Sunday. The "chapel" was the specific is ready for use. three old tumble-down shops knocked into one. The communion-table was An antiopium society has been placed against the south gable, but the formed in Kuala Lumpur, and the elements had to be speedily removed specific is distributed free. So great when it was seen that the umbrellas has the demand become for the opium held up failed to protect them from plant that those who gather the leaves rain, which came driving in through in the jungle now demand ten dollars great apertures in the wall. per picul (133 1-3 pounds) for them. . The poor people who come to wor- The dispensaries established for the ship at Siau-lang have promised to distribution of the specific are hard subscriJ>e 1,200 gold yen toward the pushed to keep up with the demand, expense of putting up a new chapel. the applicants in Kuala Lumpur alone The missionaries are now reaping the numbering over 2,000 daily. The reresults of quiet steady work carried ceipts in the opium shops in and on among many who came only for around Kuala Lumpur have fallen off bodily healing, but who returned with by two-thirds. Several shops have longing and impressions which have had to close for lack of custom. ripened into a life of trust and obedience to Christ. HOME MISSIONS IN INDIA THE NEW OPIUM CURE The executive committee of the National Missionary Society for In- A confirmation as to the value of dia has definitely decided to begin their the new opium cure comes in the form missionary operations in the Punjab. of a message from Penang, in the Ma- The National Missionary Intelligencer lay peninsula. The correspondent com- says: "This decision has not been armences by saying: rived at merely because it is one of the needy provinces of India, but also be- The antiopium movement in Malaya can cause it has come forward so heartily only be described as colossal. – So rapidly to give financial support to the N. M. has it spread and so popular has to be- S., and because there are candidates come that it reminds one more of a Welsh who can, when accepted, immediately revival than a movement undertaken' by enter the field." the stolid Chinese. The National Missionary Society Th~s new cure for the opium habit has completed negotiations in regard may exert great influence at this crisis to opening a mission in the Montgomin China, for with an easy cure in ery District of the Punjab. The misplace of the agonizing ordeal which sionary bodies at work near this dishitherto has been the only way to lib- trict have given the society a cordial eration from the power of the drug welcome and the Refonned Episcopal the process of emancipation is likely Church, which possesses property in to be wonderfully hastened. The rem- one of the villages, has handed it over edy is a plant which grows freely in to the native society. The committee· Selangor in a wild state. The leaves expects to arrange for the immediate of the plant are exposed to the sun for opening of work there. a day, then chopped fine and roasted, The District of Montgomery is sit-

OF THE

uated in the Punjab, north of the with loud cries and some with tears, Chenab and between the districts of began to confess and plead for for- Lahore and Multan. Within an area giveness.

of 4,600 square miles there are 463,586 For an hour or more the people people scattered in 1,314 villages. cried out so that neighbors and those The population is distributed as fol- passing along the street came into the lows: Hindus, 109,945; Sikhs, 19,- compound about the church and some 092; Mohammedans, 334,474; and of them into the building itself. The Christians, 66. Of the 66 Christians heathen said: "The Christians have registered on the night of the last cen- seen their God," and the English peo- sus 49 were Europeans, and of the 17 ple asked what had happened. When Indian Christians 14 were men and 3 the crying subsided, the praying be- women. Evidently the few Christians gan. If one confest sins generally the are servants of the European officials. whole company prayed aloud for him.

Practically the district is' unworked by The volume of prayer was not loud, any missionary agency. and generally the prayers were short.

Allahabad appears to have become Confession and prayer went on alter- the center of an Indian Christian vol- nately until half-past twelve o'clock unteer movement. Special services at night.

recently carried on in connection with, • Beginning with Thursday, daily the Methodist Episcopal Church in meetings were held, and for several that city have been attended with so weeks they went on without interrup- great success that at a Monday morn- tion. From the first morning there ing meeting, not long ago, fifteen was no appointed leader. The Holy young men and seven young women Spirit guided them, without human volunteered for definite Christian intervention.

work.

THE SEQUENCE OF THE MADA.

THE REVIVAL IN SECUNDERABAD GASCAR REVIVAL The revival that has visited so many Mr. Huckett, of the London Misof the stations in the Telugu Mission sionary Society, reports the work has also visited Secunderabad. After among the Betsileo as still advancing' the usual Wednesday evening Telugu quietly, but steadily and fruitfully. prayer-meeting, at which the lesson One of the latest converts is a wellwas from the book of Jonah, Mr. known sorcerer, a veritable Saul of Levering, the Baptist lmsslOnary, Tarsus, whom Mr. Huckett describes writes that on this evening as he was as the greatest trophy of the revival about to pronounce the benediction, a in his district. boy rose and prayed for strength to Mr. Gaignaire, or the Paris Misconfess his sins. Opportunity was sionary Society at Ambositra, writes given, and he confest to several wrong that the Holy Spirit has been poured things he had done. When he finished . out in fullest abundance, and that another boy said in Telugu, "And I, while special signs have ceased, the too," and he <;onfest his sins. Before lasting effects of the revival can be he finished almost the whole Telugu clearly discerned in the lives of those eudience arose, as by one impulse, and who were quickened. The conscience

has been awakened and the fear of dangerous, threatening their very ex- God has been deepened. Believers istence. It orders that no private ·have become better able to discern be- schools shall be locatad in churches or tween right and wrong, ~nd have be- in buildings used. for religious pur- come more willing to do right. Pur- poses. Schools thus located must ity of life has grown and men and make the nec@ssary changes within women are more careful in abstaining two months.

from evil, so that the exemplary life Of the three hundred educational of Christians exerts a greater influence institutions of the Paris Missionary 'upon their heathen neighbors. The Society in Madagascar, about two spiritual life of the native Christians hundred and seventy are located in has been wonderfully deepened and churches or buildings used for relig- they have firm faith in prayer, and ious purposes, and new quarters could their consecration has become com- not be provided before February be- plete and includes all their posses- cause the rainy season prevents build- sions. Thus they give of their time ing. Protestant missionaries are very and money most willingly to the work much troubled, especially since they of the Lord. believe that the French governor-gen- m MADAGASCAR MISSION SCHOOLS eral of Madagascar desires that the State shall control all schools and thus DANGER do away with the teaching of Protest- ant principles. Recent news from the representatives of the Paris Missionary ,Society in Madagascar is very disquieting. THE THREATENING ATTITUDE OF On November 23, the French gover- ISLAM IN AFRICA nor-general issued a new edict con- While numerous missionaries of -cerning private schools, dividing them German, English, and French socie- into three classes: Those carried on ties, as well as officials of the different by Europeans for the children of European colonies in Africa, have Europeans; those for natives; carried frequently called attention to the ag- on by authorized European or native gressiveness of Mohammedanism in teachers; and those for native children Africa, little has been done to meet the of both sexes, under twelve years of danger. Now comes the governor of age, carried on by natives without a the French Kongo and calls the atten- diploma. These last are missionary tion of all officials under him to the schools, and will hereafter be allowed threatening attitude of Islam. He only when there is no other public shows that almost all the troubles of or private school within five miles. the last years in the French provinces Thus it will be impossible to start have been caused by fanatical Mara- Protestant work among native chil- buts, who belong to a Mohammedan dren, where a Roman Catholic school ecclesiastical order. Some of them already exists. Other paragraphs of are white, others are from Morocco, the edict lay additional burdens upon Egypt, Syria, or Arabia. All claim the missionary schools and are not to be descendants of the Prophet and . conducive to rapid progress. The preach the regeneration of Moham- seventeenth paragraph is especially medanism, calling upon the people to

return to the purest doctrines of Mo- tober 21 news reached Tangier that hammed and to observe his five prin- Arzilo, a walled town twenty-five cipal prescriptions-viz: prayer, fast- miles distant, had been seized by a ing, almsgiving, pilgrimage to Mecca, bandit named Bareian, with some and holy war. They sell amulets and tribesmen of the Beni Arros, who holy water, and for the consolation of made prisoners of the entire popula- the discouraged announce the speedy tion. The local pasha was turned out coming of the Mahdi. Frequently of his palace and fled to Tangier. It they order the faithful to refuse the was believed that Raisuli was the in- payment of taxes to the French, who stigator of this attack, for on October shall soon be annihilated by the im- 26 he proceeded with five hundred mense armies of the Sultan. In gen- men to take possession·of the town, eral these Marabuts carry off the and proclaimed himself governor. In money of their deceived followers the meanwhile the Anjera tribesmen, and, says the French governor, are taking advantage of Raisuli's absence, anti-French and anti-European, and pillaged villages on the east side of therefore anti-Christian. Tangier Bay and looted his old resi- In a German missionary magazine dence at Zinats.

we read the remarkable statement that The French general, Liautey, is Islam has spread twenty-two times guarding the Algerian frontier, with faster than Christianity in Africa dur- orders to repress any violation of ing the last thirty years. French territory. On December 4, TROUBLES IN MOROCCO France and Spain, the two govern- ments to whom the Algeciras Confer- The situation in Morocco is still ence gave the right to do police work, serious. Lawlessness prevails every- presented a note to all the signatories where. Last September, Kaid An- of the Algeciras Act, asking that the flous, a Berber chief, entered Moga- warships of the combined fleet be pre- dor, the chief port in the south, and pared in case of emergency to land demanded that all Jews should retire troops for the maintenance of order from the Moorish quarter into the in the town and its environs.

Ghetto. The troops sided with An- The situation is serious and is a flous and the mob besieged the house difficult one for the North Africa of the manager of the French Bank. Mission and Kansas Gospel Union At the beginning of October the Sa- workers who are the principal mis- haran sorcerer, Maelain, arrived at sionary forces in Morocco.

Marakesh, and by order of the sultan MOSLEM CONVERTS IN CAIRO was given royal honors. His follow- ers committed numerous assaults on The religion of Mohammed is a Europeans, including the German con- fortress of bigotry, but is not impreg- sular agent. About the same time, nable. Even in Cairo, the center of Mulai Abu, cousin of the sultan, was the great Moslem University, the reported to have completed prepara- power of the Gospel is asserting itself tions for a holy war by persuading the . in the conversion of men from time tribes to suspend their quarrels and to time. Al Azhar itself, the Moslem combine against the infidels. On Oc- University for training its missibna-

ries, has yielded several students, who cial committee to welcome him on be- have within the last few months openly half of Christians on the Island of confest Christ. The young sheik Kangwha. Fourteen years ago he convert, who, after passing through began preaching on that island, and Al Azhar and obtaining his certificate after hard work finally secured a foot- from the ten professors there, de- hold. Now these men report tweu'tyclared his faith in Christ before Lord seven churches on the island and over Cromer in the presence of a Moham- 2,500 Christians. Last fall there was medan minister of state, causing a an increased turning to Christ, and profound sensation among the Mos- many hundreds are being gathered in. lem population, has since been to Eng- Kang-wha bids fair to become entirely land and is now in Palestine. Another Christian, as the very best families on Al Azhar student, a Syrian, who first the island are interested in Chrisheard the Gospel at 'the Cairo book- tianity. shop, and then suffered imprisonment in Syria on suspicion of being dis- Mr. Jones began work in Chemulpo without a single convert. Recently one posed to become a Christian, on his Sunday morning a great congregation of nine hundred greeted him there release was baptized 'by Doctor Ster- and throughout that region there are ling at Gaza, Palestine. The latest now 10,000 Christians. This condicase reported is that of a Mohammed- tion prevails all over. In the old First an of Upper Egypt, who was sent to Church in Seoul-the mother church the missionaries at Cairo by the Copts of Methodism in Korea-there are at Assiut, from whom he had asked eight hundred probationers. Can we baptism. He had studied for six match that in the United States? years in the Azhar, but was not satisfied with its teaching of God. He A young Korean exile who studied tried agnosticism, and as a last resort in America, married a Chinese lady, he read the Bible, the Old Testament and after his return to Korea was and the New. In his reading he be- made a member of the cabinet and came eventually a convinced and in- given the portfolio of education. He telligent Christian. He and his wife has now given up official life to take and children were baptized, making up work in the mission and has been a total of sixteen Moslems who con- given charge of the educational work. fest Christ in the Church Missionary The result of his ~ork and influence Society Mission at Cairo during 1906. will tell much for the cause of Christ.

KOREANS TURNING TO CHRIST Literally thousands in North Korea aTe turning to Christ for salvation. Rev. George Heber Jones, of the Tho burdened and prest on every side, Methodist Mission, writes that two the missionaries are rejoicing because men recently fiame to Seoul as a spe- they are busy in the greatest business of life-saving souls. Son and succeEisor of the late Shah of Persia. Since Ills coming to the throne, the new shah remarked to one of the missionarIes that he was wcI11nformed as to the Presbyterian MIssion and appreciated it htgllly THE LIBERAL MOVEMENT IN PERSIA BY REV. S. M. JORDAN, TEHERAN, PERSIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, [8~ The East is .awaking. Even the Persia, Cyrus the Great, who chose the conquered Crcesus to be his bosom law of the Medes and Persians has friend and trusted counselor; who re- turned the Children of Israel to the altered. Within the past few months Holy Land, restQred the vessels of silver and gold which Nebuchadnezzar the world has been surprized by the had carried away to Babylon, and gave the command for rebuilding the Temshah's proclamation of a constitution ple at Jerusalem. Think of the liberal- ity of those Zoroastrian priests who and the assembling of the first Persian came to bring their gold and frank- incense and myrrh to lay at the feet parliament. of Him who was born King of the Jews' in Bethlehem of Judea. To the To those who have lived in that Greek all others were barbarians and to the Jew they were Gentiles, but country and have been observing the growth of liberality this change was not entirely unexpected, for we have been able to discern the causes behind this liberal movement. , The first cause to be noted is the Persian character itself. Think of the liberality of that Zoroastrian king of Persian pnests from far came to wor- tion is not in their constructive work ship a babe born in a foreign land of but in their disintegrating influence an alien people who they knew was to This propaganda has broken up that become the leader of a rival religion. smug satisfaction with which thl.'

This independence of thought has Mohammedan was wont to regard borne fruit since the Mohammedan Islam as the last word in matters re- invasion. Islam has failed to hold the ligious-the complete and final revela- Persians in unreasoning faith as it has tion of God's will for man. It has set held other peoples. The Persian peo- men thinking and awakened them to ple as a whole are Shiah-that is, the fact that perhaps there are some Protestant Mohammedans-and the things outside of Islam, in state if not Shiah sect in Persia has broken up in church, worthy of their investiga- into countless divisions, just as Prot- tion.

estant Christianity has divided into The Influence of Christian Nations many denominations. One of these The third factor in the liberal move- sects, the Babi~r rather, the Behai- ment that I would mention, is the has for the past fifty years been the prosperity of Christian nations. Mo- second of the important factors in . hammedanism is a politico-religious bringing on the movement toward lib- institution, political even more than erality. In fact, the Behais would religious. Therefore the blessings of scarcely admit that they are a sect of temporal prosperity should of right Mohammedans since they claim that belong to the faithful. The early suc- their religion is the step next higher cesses of their so-called religious wars than Islam in the evolution of the one were quite in accord with these ideas.

true religion which previously found N ow that they have fallen so far be- expression in the Law of Moses, the hind Christian nations they are unable Gospel of Christ, and the Koran. to find a satisfactory explanation.

Behaism to me seems an attempt to Some years ago I was spending a reform Islam toward Christianity- day in a large village about forty miles that is, recognizing the superiority of from Teheran. While walking along the Christian standard of morals and the street I fell into oonversation with not having the courage in the face of a merchant, who invited me to take a persecution, possibly even unto death, seat in his shop' opening upon the to accept it as such. The leaders have street. After the usual complimentary compromised by adopting a vocabulary salutations the shopkeeper began to in large part Christian and proclaim- ask me about America and the way of ing their religion as perfected Moham· doing things there. As we talked a ~edanism, just as Mohammedanism is crowd gathered to listen to what I was perfected Christianity. They delight saying. I told them of how we plow to discourse at length on love, a tree and sow and reap and mow, how we being known by its fruit, and kindred harvest with our self-binders which themes. They have won many con- gather the bound sheaves into heaps verts in Persia-a million, they say; ·and thresh with our steam threshers a probably somewhere from 100,000 to hundred or more bushels of grain in 200,000 is the true number. But the an hour, and how the separator not service they have rendered to the na- only threshes but also perfectly win-

THE LIBERAL MOVEMENT IN PERSIA

nows the grain, putting the straw in. they have such a corrupt religion!"

one place, the chaff in another-the I looked him square in the face and broken grains in one place and the perfect wheat in sacks ready for market. The group of twenty-five to thirty men listened with intense inter- est, for their plows are the same kind that Elisha was using the day that Elijah called him to become a prophet.

They still harvest with a sickle as in the days of Boaz. The oxen are driven over the threshing floor to tread out the grain, and the fan is still in their hands as they toss up the mixture of wheat and chaff and straw, that the wind may blow the chaff and broken straw aside as the wheat and gravel fall down. When I had finished my story one of the group spoke up, say- THE NOMINAL SEAT OF POWER IN PERSIA. ing: "He seems to be a ·genial, open- The famous Peacock Throne 01 the shah hearted man and God has certainly asked, "Friend, who made the world?"

He answered, "Why, God, of course."

"And who is managing it now?" He answered, "God." "Answer one more question, please. Do men in this'

world reward their own faithful ser- vants or their enemies? Does God bless the righteous or the wicked?"

He did not see the pit I was digging for him till he fell in headlong. As he stood there confused by the di- lemma in which he was placed, the men in the group all wagged their heads and said, "Yes, God blesses the righteous. God must be with Amer- ica."

Along with the prosperity of Chris- tian countries the influence of mis- sionary work deserves to be placed.

The medical work in hospitals and homes has been a living epistle known and read of men, a practical example ONE OF THE RELIGIOUS RULERS OF PERSIA of what Christianity is. Persia is far enough away from Europe not tohave A Mohammedan dervish blest their country in a wonderful had her enmity and suspicion devel- manner. Is it not an awful pity that oped by the crusades and the wars of

THE OLD METHon of REFORM IN PERSIA A public, officIal adlllini8t,ration of the bastinado the succeeding centuries. She is near opening emergency hospitals to fight enough to know something of the the scourge. They have come to believe wonderful progress in the arts and in the missionaries as men who are in sciences, in wealth and power, of Persia not for any selfish reasons, but Christian lands. Hence from the be- who are the sincere seekers of the ginning, while not appreciating our welfare of Persia and sipcere servants evangelistic agencies, the Persians of God. The present shah has come have been pleased to meet and asso- in contact with us through our medical ciate with the missionaries whom they men. He has exprest himself as recognize as educated men, as repre- being well acquainted with our work sentatives of a higher civilization. and was very gracious in all he had to say about it. Medicine has been the magic key which has opened every door of fanat- After medicine the educational work icism, bigotry and opposition. They has won their approval. Referring have seen the lame carried into our to our school in Teheran, they say: hospitals and go out walking. They "The Americans have a factory where have seen the blind led in and go out they manufacture men." Not only seeing. When native physicians were have they sent their children to us, fleeing in terror from cholera-stricken but within the past ten or twelve years cities they have seen us organizing in open imitation of our'school they relief work, dispensing medicines, and have founded in Teheran and other

1907l THE LIBERAL MOVEMENT IN PERSIA

large cities of Persia some forty history of Japan compiled and transschools professedly up to date in their lated by a graduate of our school in methods with curriculums modeled Teheran had a large sale. The papers after ours. A prominent official in were full of essays on the blessings of Hamadan, himself a Teheran man, constitutional liberty and freedom. recently remarked to one of our mis- The surprizing thing was that Japan's sionaries that he considered that our growth in power and her consequent school in Teheran, where princes and victories over Russia were attributed peasants, Moslems and Jews, Zoro- not only to education, civilization and astrians and Armenians are accepted advancement in arts and sciences, but without distinction and educated on also to constitutional liberty, freedom exactiy the same basis with no favors of speech and of the press, and even THE NEW METHOD OF REFORMATroN IN PERSIA The Presbyterian Mission boys' school in Teheran. The boys wearing the fez are Moslems shown to anyone, has had a most to religious liberty, and America's part powerful influence in bringing· on this in this development was frequently reliberal movement. ferred to. The liberal tendency of the Persian press and the liberality of the Into the midst of all these liberal Persian government were illustrated tendencies in solution at the psycho- last year by the leading paper in Telogical moment came the Russo-Japan- heran publishing as serials biographies ese War to crystalize them into action, of Washington and Franklin. During the war aJl the Persian papers were fuJI of the wonderful progress Another thing that has had an efof Japanese in the past forty years, fect in impelling the government to It"was the never-ending theme of con· prompt action is the state of anarchy versation w'here two or three of the which now obtains in Russia. The educated class chanced to meet. A Persians wish to do something to pre-

vent such a calamity in their own Persian gentlemen remark: "Let us country. have all the light that truth can give and we will follow it wherever it may What will be the attitude of the new lead." Education has' become almost shah toward the new constitution? We a fad. The late shah proclaimed him- hear many conflicting reports.' He is self the patron of education and reported non-progressive, reactionary. schools. The son of the chief of the He indignantly denies the charge and pedagogs of the present shah's family proclaims himself a liberal. It is not has been a pupil in our schools in Tab- safe to prophesy as to the future ac- riz and Teheran. During the early tion of an untried prince, and yet I years of our schools' history in the venture the opinion that as the late capital city, the pupils were drawn al- shah posed as the leader in the liberal most exclusively from the non-Moslem movement, even so his son will popufations-] ews, Armenians, and assume the role of promoter of Zoroastrians-but within the past dec- constitutional liberty. The hope of ade the Persians have been sending the movement lies in the fact that it their children in ever-increasing num- is not the work of one man or of one bers. class, but of all the intelligent classes. Vhile the bureaucracy and aristocracy Six years ago out of a total en~ol­ in Russia are opposed to all reform, ment of sixty-six only twenty-two these very classes in Persia are the were Moslems, while last year of the most active leaders in it. The present two hundred and thirty pupils, one prime minister and his two sons, both hundred and twenty-eight were Mo- of whom have been educated in Eu- hammedans. About one hundred of rope, have possibly had more influence them bear the title of nobility, "Khan," than any others. Since it is a move- and a number are princes of the blood ment of the people as a whole rather royal. They are the sons 6f princes than any class, it would not be wise and cabinet officers, of governors and for anyone man, even tho he be the vice-governors, of generals, colonels shah, to set himself in opposition, and captains in the army, of merchants Recognizing the inevitable, he will no and professional men, boys who are doubt not only submit to it but place destined by birth to be forces in _himself at the head of it, claiming with the nation for weal or woe. We his father the honor of having gra- are reaching 'the best and most ciously bestowed upon his subjects influential people in the nation and the blessings of constitutional govern- our pupils come to the school from ment. every' part of the country. What we the doing is not being done in a cor- The intelligent classes believe that ner. We teach the Bible openly as a constitutional government and West- regular lesson in the course and everyern civilization and education will do one knows it. The Persians have for Persia what they have done for come to believe in us as fair and ] apan; that they will be the means of square, as open and above board, and preserving their national integrity, so they trust us. They believe that Along with other forms of freedom we teach the ·truth without bias and religious liberty seems by many to be they are willing for their children to taken for granted. I have often heard

THE LIBERAL MOVEMENT IN PERSIA

know the truth. Some time ago the courses, including one in medicine, Prime Minister remarked to me that numbers who are now going to Beirut, he keeps himself informed about the India, Europe and America, would school and in the name of the Persian come to us and with them ten times people exprest his appreciation and as many who can not afford to go gTatitude for the work being done, abroad but could and would gladly As a number of his under-secretaries pay a good tuition fee to remain in are or have been pupils in the school, Teheran. he has every chance to be informed. I believe that the world has never ONE OF THE FORCES POWERFUL IN DESTROYING PREJUDICE IN PERSU.

A rnedlcal cUnic 1n the Pre8byterlan Eo.pltol. Teheran Persia's greatest need to-day is a seen a greater opportunity to influence first-class educational institution; but a nation at its very center and help the Persians not having been properly it on the upward path than is preeducated do not have men qualified to sented to us in the Persian capital. superintend and teach in their schools, It is one ' of the world's strategic so are unable to do the work needed. points. Shall we not occupy it with Even if they could give the education an institution that will be a source of desired they can not furnish the true light and civilization and moral upstandard of morals and ideals of lift for the whole country? A quicklife, or build character requisite for the witted, able people are struggling upregeneration of the country. The ward toward constitutional governmission schools can and do. ment, free institutions and twentieth century enlightenment. Unaided, they H we could develop and expand our are doomed to stumble and fall. Now present plant the attendance would be is the time to lend a hand. multiplied. If we could add college

SMITH. AND SUCCESSFUL EVANGELISM *

EDITORIAL Now, as perhaps never before, the the midst of civilization yet practically question of the best methods for the a stranger to it. His schooling covered conduct of evangelistic meetings is at most six or eight weeks, during widely discust. Meanwhile, the times which he learned little more than his furnish a living illustration who com- letters. He got an unconscious trainmends himself even to the most cau- ing, however, for his mind, in his tious and conservative, so that such habits of quick observation, and for his men as Dr. Campbell Morgan, and heart in love for his parents-the death even Dr. Alexander Maclaren,-facile of his mother, while he was a boy, princeps among preachers-give him leaving a void never filled and awaking unqualified sanction. all his latent capacities of affection, <lnd of sympathy for the motherless. Observers of his career and readers Her death was pathetic, being due to of his life story, will be able to learn smallpox, with its isolation. Her hussuch secrets of his success as may be band, devoted to her, could not let her capable of statement in words, there die without at least a word about her always being, in true work for God, a future prospects; and tho as yet himresiduum that evades even self-anal- self .half-blindly groping after God, ysis, and is as subtle as the perfume sitting by his dying wife, he sought to of a flower. But three facts are prom- point her to the Cross. He asked her inent and are well illustrated: A man if she thought of God, and tried to can do much for himself, for others, pray; and she replied that she did, and for God, if he will. but that "a black hand" seemed to come before her, showing her all her Gipsy Smith had to do much for evil doing and ~hutting out all hope himself, for few have less of what the of mercy. world calls favorable opportunity. He is one of those "self-made" men that Then he told her that God would do not, as Horace Greeley said of some forgive, that Christ had died for sinof this class, "adore their maker." His ners, and was ready to save her. This popular cognomen, "Gipsy," is true to he did not yet know experimentally: his origin, for he was born, forty-six it was the echo of a gospel message years ago, in a gipsy tent, near Epping heard from a prison chaplain, while Forest, England, of parents who could serving out a three months' sentence, neither read nor write. Whatever be unjustly; but love taught the lips to the gipsy virtues, Bible knowledge and tell all he had heard, and it was godly living are not· among them. enough. She embraced and kissed Without being commonly guilty of him, and better still, laid hold on the grave crimes, they are given to petty life-line he threw out, and soon was thefts, and appropriate camping singing a chorus she had heard the grounds and pastures, or whatever children sing on a village green twenty suits their wants for the time, and ply years before: their traditional trade of fortunetelling, as a bait for the shillings of the "I have a Father in the Promised Land! "gorgios." My Savior calls me; I must go To meet Him in the Promised Land I'· Rodney Smith, the boy, grew up in • Gipsy Smith-An Autobiography. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1906. So simple and easy to learn is the point the way to God's free banquet substance of God's gospel! board!

((Mother's dead 1" were two words Shortly after, Cornelius Smith bared that opened the boy's heart to his need his heart to his two brothers, only to of One who never dies, a sense of void find them in like straits. The same unfilled till Jesus was enthroned and God was, in His own strange way, enshrined there, years after. Her leading them all by a like thirst to the death prepared his father, too, for Him one fountain of life. They thought that who alone can bind up a broken heart. if they should go to some church, they He had promised her to be good to the might find what they needed, and so motherless bairns, and felt his need they started. On their way they stopt of God to live by, as she did to die at a far more familiar place-a beer by. That sermon of the prison chap- shop-and blurted out to the landlady lain, on The Good Shepherd, that gave the inward craving for something bet- him his message for the dying wife, ter than beer; and again, curiously inspired his own cry for help. Had enough, the Lord had been there be- there been any man to guide him fore them, and she, too, was athirst then, as Philip 1id the eunuch, he also for salvation. She brought to them would have gone on his way rejoicing, Pilgrim's Progress, and there was read but years passed before he found the to them the story of Christian, losing wicket gate. The boy, Rodney, looked his load at the Cross, and they saw heavenward because his mother had that this was what they sought for.

gone that way, going to her grave to Then, on Sunday, as the preacher weep there, and sticking in the green spoke, he seemed to point at Cornelius mound the scarf-pin that was his only Smith as he said: "He died for thee I"

valuable possession, as one would plant and when, at the after-meeting, he a forget-me-not. asked him, "Are you saved?" he cried The wild man in his father was for- out, "No! that's what I want," and the ever tamed. Drinking and swearing way of life was explained to him. And he must abandon, and while yet in the so the Lord was leading him, tho as thick of the fight with these foes, he yet there was not the. full and final tried to pray, not only without a help- choice of Christ. .

ing human hand, but with the Book Poaching on another's pastures is of God a sealed book from his inability a habit of these nomads. But Corne- to read. A sister who for a time was lius Smith was not easy about it; and in his caravan, and could spell her way one day as he went, at early morn to a little in the New Testament, read fetch his horses, he said to himself: about Calvary until he felt that some- "This is the last known sin I will ever how his sins were laid on Jesus, and commit." He was now very near the the dawn of faith began. How to keep Kingdom, for he was putting away the his vow to his dying wife he knew not. sin that was hindering. He told his Could it be that strength as well as companions that he was done with pardon came with salvation? How roaming and with wrong-doing, and sad that souls should starve in the sold his horse, resolved not to move midst of plenty, for lack of a finger to further without finding God. A work-

man on the road invited him to a mis- reappear in nobler work than selling sion hall, and .when he started for the . tin-pans and clothes-pins. For example, meeting he warned his children not to he knew how to commend his wares look for his return till he was "con- to the buyer and how to stick to him verted"-tho they wondered what that till he made a bargain, as now he could mean. Reaching the crowded makes his message winning and per- hall they saw him march to the front severes until a soul surrenders. There as the congregation were singing, were also a boldness and frankness in the boy that are reflected in the man, "I do believe, I now believe, as when he defended himself in a po- That Jesus died for me"; lice court for selling without a license, on the ground that he was too young and as his children saw him fall to the to get a license and too poor to get a floor, unconscious, they shouted, "Our living without selling, No wonder he father's dead!" The "old man" was was let off with a nominal fine!

dead, but he presently leaped up and Even his misdemeanors taught him cried, "I am converted"; then went lessons. Once he was caught in a raid back to his wagon to witness to his on a plum-tree and, as the irate owner'

family how that chorus had brought gript his ear, he read for his benefit him the peace of a present faith in the the prohibition board he could not Crucified, and had made him a new read-"Whosoever is found trespass- man. Then he fell on his knees and ing will be dealt with," etc.; and he made his first family prayer. There never needed anyone to tell him after- was no sleeping that night for the ward what "whosoever" means. The singing of that chorus, which Rodney kind but firm discipline of his father found himself joining. Next morn- taught him also how disobedience ing the father feeling he must be a brought a flogging, and prepared him confessor, if he were a convert, went to understand the majesty of a higher to the camp to tell what God had Law and the Fatherhood of God.

done for his soul, and thirteen more Once, with capacious pockets full of found Christ that morning, his two stolen eggs, running to avoid arrest, brothers among them. He was so he fell and lost his booty-his trousers dead in earnest that he even sold his the worse for the loss-and felt that fiddle, because fiddling and drinking sin finds one out, and .makes one flee had been so linked in his life that when no man pursueth. Again, he he felt he could not handle a fiddie crept into a circus tent only to find till he was strong enough to make a himself in a dismal horse-shed under "hallelujah fiddle" of it, as he did the seats, with a policeman prowling later on. about for trespassers. And so the We have dwelt somewhat on these Lord's sovereignty is seen throughout details in the father's life- because of his whole life-story, choosing and lead- their relation to the boy, who accounts ing out into service this humble gipsy the father's character as a disciple the lad, and training him as He would.

main force that shaped his life. Happily gipsy morals are not so low It was not the only secret of his suc- that the grosser vices sapped the boy's cess. Even as a boy he had traits that life, poisoning imagination and mem-

GIPSY SMITH, AND SUCCESSFUL EVANGELISM I79

ory, and debauching conscience, sexual of Bunyan was in everybody's mouth, sins being rare among these wanderers. he gazed at his statue, longing to be As has been hinted, the gipsy tent good like him and wondering if he and wagon became to Rodney univer- might get beyond his gipsy wagon and sity and theological school, with his aimless life, and guide some pilgrim, converted father principal teacher of too. He had an idea that religion be- godliness and usefulness. That life- gins at the head of the family and goes the same on Sundays and week-days, down by regular steps; and he had a in public and private, whether singing strange sense of responsibility, lest the hymns or bearing sorrows-was a mystic blessing, blocked in him, should heavenly flower that filled the home fail to descend to his little sister, Tilly.

with fragrance. It led even the grand- And so various motives urged him on parents to Christ, and a great-uncle, to the decision: "I will be a Christian,"

nearly a century old. It was from the tho he did not at once, like his father, first essentially soul-saving. The bear his witnes~. He found that, only father's soul was on fire and the fire when committal and confession go to- must find vent; and a field was hired gether does assurance walk between.

at twenty-five pounds a year, that When Faith bears testimony, feeling is gipsy tents might be pitched round a not far off. Thirty years ago the boy mission tent as the tribes about the of sixteen started on the joint career Tabernacle. of convert and confessor, and the Rodney Smith was thus, in boyhood, "warmth in his heart" of which he confronted with a simple model of told his "daddy," has never given place primitive piety and evangelism. He ·to coldness.

saw an uneducated gipsy father find Gipsy Smith's education has been Christ, 'and that same day began a mostly in the simple school of Christ.

mission, first to his own family, then "The fear of the Lord" he found liter- his fellows in camp, the circle widen- ally "the beginning of knowledge," for ing more and more to reach all who conversion proved even to his intellect needed a Savior, and waiting for no an awakening and an inspiration. He other preparation or education than felt -a new alertness and capacity for what is found in a new heart, willing acquisition. He began to spell, and so to tell of Jesus even with stammering to read his Bible-and no longer tongue. wrong side up! and to see opening Of course revivals followed-had before him a vista of possible useful- not a revival been in progress from the ness as a preacher. Soon he could first? No chance was lost to preach boast a three-volume library-an Eng- Christ. Even when dragged off to lish dictionary and Eadie's Bible dic- jail for no just cause, Cornelius Smith tionary, besides God's Word; and so preached a sermon "a mile and a half this encyclopedia of God had two keys long" to the officers on the way; and to unlock-one for the words and then by songs, like Saul and Silas, the other for the facts-which three turned the lockup into an advertising books were as rifle and knapsack to a agency. soldier. His questioning mind was The God of the father was leading finding an answer to inquiry and stor- the boy. At Bedford, where the story ing up information and molding itself

anew, under new impressions. He be- We may pass rapidly over the rest gan to practise preaching in a turnip- of this charming life-story, which hap- field, where, tho his congregation pily has, we hope, many yet unwritten stayed and did not fall asleep, it proved chapters. He had his trials of fitting unimpressible. It was a proud day to his new surroundings and overcom- when he found fifteen shillings in his ing antagonisms. What training he "Bible-box," gathered by himself in lacked his new university of work for pennies, but a prouder day when he souls supplied. Practise trained his found in his own voice a talent to be mind for thought and tongue fbr invested for his Master, and the gipsy speech. The talent of industry made boy. learned the "singing sermons," up for the genius of native endowment.

still so used of God. His memory be- His tact in meeting obstacles is well came another storehouse to which he illustrated by his early fashion of committed such shining jewels as the jumping over the fences of hard words great leading chapters of vicarious in public reading of scriptures. Seeing atonement, gracious Invitation and a longer strange word ahead, he Love for the Lost-Isaiah liii and lv, paused to comment on what he had and Luke xv. already read; then resumed reading He was not yet eighteen when Will- on the other side of the hard word!

iam Booth "discovered him," as Sir then at leisure mastered the linguistic David Brewster did Faraday, and in eni&ma with the help of his library.

a meeting called out the "gipsy boy," But, better than all, he was always encouraging his timidity by suggesting on the hunt for souls, and always ex- a "solo," when his agitation might pected to bag his game. As he had have prevented a speech. A bystander taken up God's work at God's call, he bade him "keep his heart up," which counted on God's help. His faith was led him to rejoin, "It's in my mouth simple enough not to know that already! Where do you want it?" The "doubt" is supposed to be a "sign of laugh this excited relieved embarrass- a great mind!" He loves the universal ment and left the lad free for his first term of invitation, "whosoever," and little address-an outline of his life- . he linked with it the "wheresoever"

story. and "whensoever" of opportunity. His Booth saw the buds of promise and tongue talked of Christ so naturally asked him to join the "Christian Mis- and easily that men found themselves sion." It was a turning-point. With under a charm. His ready wit had a his three big books, the garb of civil- retort where only ridicule can master ization and an empty "box" for the a difficult situation, and his downright sake of his new dignity, he left the candor and earnestness won him a gipsy wagon forever, tho in his new hearing; and so after connection with "gorgio" dress he feIt as if "dipt in -the Salvation Army, and other good starch and hung up by the hair of work with others, he was led out into his head to dry." The seed was falling an independent career of evangelism, into the ground to die, not to abide for which the whole church may well alone but bring forth much fruit. bless God.

IS THE MATTER WITH CUBA?

BY REV. J. MILTON GREENE, D.D., HAVANA, CUBA Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions Cuba is suffering from a case of State governments, in city and coun- acute moral starvation and until this try. To us, who live in these eman- is recognized in Church and State and cipated Spanish colonies, it seems until the proper moral nutrition is ad- passing strange that the chairman of ministered, there will be no hope for the Lake Mohonk Conference should the island so far as self-government is have condemned our American evan- concerned. Moral appetite there is, gelical churches for establishing mis- and wherever the truth as it is in sions in our dependencies, adding that Jesus, is presented in simple form to the Roman Catholic Church had a the people, they seize upon it eageriy. superb organization and equipment All that is needed is the multiplication for doing this work. As to her or- in due form of our evangelical ganization and elaborate equipment, agencies in schools and churches. In all are agreed, but for what is she or- no missionary field have the fruits of ganized and how does she use her labor appeared more promptly or equipment? It is no lack of charity abundantly than here. to say that judged by the fruits of her We have recently known Cuba as administration in these colonies for a country in which rebellion against more than four centuries, where her constituted authority was rampant, power has been undisputed and her revolution was rife and lawlessness sway absolute, she has failed alto- was wide-spread and we have asked gether to adopt as her program the ourselves and the civilized world has conception which Jesus had of his mis- asked, why this condition of things? sion as explained in the Nazareth The U. S. Government sent two of synagog. As a church she has mis- her ablest statesmen here to ascertain erably failed and presents to the world the causes of the outbreak and the to-day the example of a stupendous result was American intervention as trust, claiming as she does a monopoly the only solution of the vexmg of grace and dispensing it on her own problem. terms. Why is it that we have 185,- Probing to the bottom the revolu- 000 persons in Cuba who write them- tionary ulcer, its origin was found in selves down as illegitimate children?

the moral condition of the people as Why have we 67,000 families consti- the result of four hundred years of tuted without the sanction of either Spanish domination leavened with Church Or State? Why is it that four- Jesuitical principles, and regardless of fifths of our male adults are unable to the intellectual and ethical well-being read, and of our women probably of the masses. All the grievances of seven-eighths? Why was it possible the revolutionary leaders, and which for the soldiers in the late war for in- were in effect recognized by our Com- dependence to be defrauded of $35,- missioners as just, revealed a lament- 000,000, receiving only $15,000,000 of able and wide-spread lack of honesty, the $50,000,000 voted them by the integrity, truthfulness and justice Government? Why are the great among high and low, in Federal and ,churches and cathedrals almost de-

serted by the people and especially by organized to perpetuate ignorance, to the men, except on some great festal discredit Christianity to sanction imoccasion? Why in spite of historical morality, to propagate error and to precedent, social prestige and immense exemplify avarice, sensuality and wealth are the Romish clergy, so gen- hypocrisy. erally distrusted in their private char- The American Government can eduacter and regarded as self-seeking? cate and legislate, but only the Church Why are insincerity, untruthfulness. of Christ with her open Bible and and impurity of life so common even other spiritual agencies can effectually among' the devotees of Romanism? prepare the people for self-govern- Why has enthusiasm for light and ment. If we are to judge of the civilliberty in the land taken the direction ization of a people by the diffusion of of skepticism and infidelity instead of education, by the family life, by the being guided by the truth as it is in public morality which prevails, by the Jesus? The only just inference to be laws in force and by the administradrawn by one who is thoroughly con- tion of justice, few countries are more versant with actual conditions in Cuba in need of Christian missions than is that the ancestral religion here was these emancipated Spanish colonies.

RELIGIOUS. CONDITIONS IN CUBA BY SYLVESTER JONES, GIBARA, CUBA Missionary of the American Friends The prayers that the Spanish Amer- island. Altho it was hampered by the ican nations might be opened for union of Church and State, that union Gospel teaching have been answered was of its own choice. with a suddenness that has fairly startled the church. Every year sees 2. The Papacy has been favored in new opportunities in these fields and having among its leaders many able the march of political events is almost and devout men. daily bearing to the Christian people of the United States new obligations 3. During all these years the people for the evangelization of the unen- have been remarkably loyal to the lightened people in these Southern Church. There has been no general countries. falling away such as took place in Europe during the Protestant Refor- An impartial study of the influence mation, nor such as led to the more of Roman Catholicism in Cuba may recent Aglipay movement in the Phil- shed light upon the entire problem ippines. now confronting Protestant Christians. Anyone who wishes to study the real 4. The friars and monks have not results of papal teachings and prac- been a disturbing element in the re- . tises will find Cuba a field admirably ligious life of Cuba. adapted to that purpose. 5. It has not been vexed by. the I. For almost four hundred years presence of heathen aborigines to per- Romanism had' a free hand in that vert the doctrines and practises of the faithful as has been true in some other Latin American countries.

CONDITIONS IN

6. The efforts of Roman Cathol- papacy, the idea of which the Protest- icism have been untrammeled b~ the ant Harnack calls "the greatest and presence of any considerable Protest- most humane idea which the middle.

ant following until after the Spanish- age produced," had a- beneficent in- American War. fluence in the development of that In view of these facts it would al- island? Let us notice, first, the alleged most seem that Cuba, from the stand- beneficent influence of Romanism in point of the Romanist, was an ideal Cuba. '

country for the highest development I. Whatever religious development of his religion; indeed some high took place before the American inter- vention with the Cuban people, they owe externally, at least, to the Roman Catholic teaching and practise.

2. The most casual observer can not fail to note, what years of study will confirm, that despite the seeming indifference, Roman Catholicism not only dominates the religious practises of the people, but is woven into the very warp and woof of the entire social fabric. The most glorious holi- days are saints days, such as the day of Corpus Christi, St. John's Day, the days of St. Peter and St. Paul, All Saint's Day, Christmas, etc., each of THE FRIENDSI CHAPEL AT BANES, CUBA which has a religious significance, but with a decided emphasis on its social prelates in their pastoral letters have features. Every city has its patron freely spoken of it as such. saint to protect it. Saints days are to To Cuba as to other newly-discov- that people what birthdays are to ered territory there came, side by side Americans, only they are more inter- with the explorer and adventurer, the ested in their observance than is gen- self-sacrificing priest. He shared the erally true of Americans.

adversity and prosperity of the col- The carnival days have a decided onist and planter alike. When cities relation to religious observances; even were founded, the church edifice was the Holy Week itself, with all its so- built in the center, an imposing struc- lemnities, has that connected with its ture about which clustered the homes, observance which gives it a decided truthfully symbolizing religion as the social aspect. Baptisms and marriages, center of their life. The clergy were while sacraments of the Church, are reverenced and obeyed. Until recent also important social events. How- years their prestige went unchallenged, ever it may have been in the past, to- and very few questioned their right to day the social influence of the Roman eat bread from the public board. Catholic Church in Cuba far exceeds What does Cuba owe to Roman Ca- its power as a religion.

. tholicism ? Has that institution, the 3. It is alleged by the friends of

Romanism that it has served as a re- devptees a religious consolation that is straint to the passions of men; that to them of inestimable value. To the the threatened anathemas and pur- Romanist it is a thing of no small gatorial fires, the scorching flames of esteem to have all his theological diffi- which are usually pictured at the en- culties settled for him by those whom trance to the churches, has tended to he considers as experts, and to have make men bridle their lower natures his spiritual diet arranged by special- and live lives of sobriety, honesty and ists. The ministrations of the Church charity. That it has in some measure are intended to avail at every great accomplished this can not be ques- crisis in life. This is clearly shown tioned. That it has always conduced in the seven sacraments of the Church, to the highest good is certainly open an explanation of which is given in the to challenge. following translation from Gaumes' Catechism: 4. It is also alleged that Romanism has engendered a wholesome respect (I) Baptism.-A sacrament that takes for legally cOQstituted authority, not away original sin, makes us Christians, sons merely ecclesiastical, but parental and of God and the Church. It takes away all governmental as well. The great num- voluntary sin committed before receiving it. ber of political disturbances and at- It remits all punishments merited for sin. tempted revolutions would seem to It is impossible to be saved without being disprove this assertion. The answer baptized. to this objection is that the passionate and impetuous character of the people (2) Confirmation.-A sacrament that inwould have led them into the wildest fuses in us the Holy Spirit, with all its anarchy had they not been held in sub- gifts and makes us perfect. jection by their religious leaders. At all events it must be acknowledged that (3) Eucharist.-A sacrament that conone of the principal assets of the de- tains truly, really and substantially the body, vout Romanist is respect for authority. blood, soul and divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ under the species or a!>pearance of 5. The attitude of the clergy toward bread and wine. It gives us the life of the the unfortunate classes has had much new Adam. to commend it, and in some cases it has been notably praiseworthy. This (4) Penance-A sacrament instituted by is especially true as regards slavery. our Lord Jesus Christ to forllive the sins They secured legislation which pre- committed after baptism. No sin, however vented the enslavement of the original great, remains unremitted when this sacranatives, and they did much to mitigate ment is properly received. the condition of the African slave and were influential in securing the final (5) Extreme Unction.-A sacrament incomplete abolishment of slavery. stituted by our Lord for the spiritual and corporal relief of the sick. It purifies the 6. The character of their religion different senses anointed, and takes away has tended to polish the manners of the the sins of which they were the instruments. people. They have an urbanity; both of carriage and address, unusual in (6) Orders.-A sacrament which gives those of equal social standing. power to exercise ecclesiastical ministry, and gives grace to perform it holily. These 7. Roman Catholicism gives to its orders confer upon the priests two powers, one over the natural body of Jesus Christ and the other over his mystical body, which is the Church.

(7) Matrimony.-:.A sacrament instituted by our Lord Jesus Christ to sanctify the union between husband and wife.

Before turning to facts of another

OUS CONDITIONS IN CUBA

class, it may be well to review briefl y ance of a home in H eaven, and as those things which have made the Ro- sure an escape from the torments of man Catholic Church influential in hell. Cuba. It has given to them the highest they have in art, its music is the That has been said in the preceding sweetest their ears have ever heard, pages might lead one, unacquainted it provides abundance of social pleas- with the actual conditions, to expect ures, it binds them in alliances with to find in Cuba a people highly detheir fellows by ties that are stronger veloped religiously and with moral and than those of kindred, its splendid cer- educational attainments which would leave nothing to be desired .

TBB lI"RIBNDS' )(ISSION AT POTRBRn.LO, CUBA.

Tbl, building I. rented 18 an out-station. The miSSion fs suppor ted by tbe Christian Endeavor Society at Gfbara emonies, mysterious and solemn chant- Exactly the opposite seems to be ings, awaken feelings of awe and rev- . true. Perhaps no human institution erence ; the images of the virgin and has made higher claims than the the saints are substituted for the idols Roman Catholic Church, and there are 'of a cruder paganism. Seen in the few, at least of those bearing the name blaze of scores of flaming tapers, and of Christian, that have more utterly thTGugh drifting wreathes of incense failed when given full sway. More exhaling rich perfumes, the images of than one-third of the 'children in the Rome, drest in royal garments, seem island are born out of wedlock, while Divine "to eyes unfed by splendor. " two-thirds of the population are unable Besides all this the common people to read and write. Individual initiative have a commendable desire to be in in almost every line of human enterthe favor of God, to have the assur- prise has been held in abeyance by the

retarding influences of prevailing re- Santiago. In a district embracing ligious practises. more than 30,000 people there was but These influences may be classified one priest. Four years had passed under five heads: since a sermon had been preached in I. The priesthood. The priests are all that district. The priest confined entrenched in an authority which they himself entirely to baptisms, marriages claim by divine appointment and which and the celebration of the mass. On they use to surfeit themselves and stated days he would go to the villages stultify the people. Ripaldes Cate- round about. At such times the parents chism, which is circulated among those in the vicinity would bring their chil- people, says, "The Son of God has put dren to be baptized, lovers would in the priests' power the keys of plight their nuptial vows, and mass heaven, and in his hands are deposited would be celebrated for the souls of the treasures of faith. All the spir- those who had died in the interval itual and eternal interests of humanity, since the last visit. For each of these all the value of the blood of Jesus services he charged a price and usually Christ, all the work of sanctification after such trips he would be enabled and salvation of men, are in the to deposit a few hundreds of dollars priests' care." in the bank as the metallic result of With all their claims to power, they such pastoral care of his flock. Re- fail to recognize the need of uplifting cently the archbishop visited the dis- the common people. The Report of trict, it being the first time in nineteen the United States Census of Cuba, years that the children had had the 1899, Spanish Edition, makes the fol- opportunity of being confirmed. The lowing observation: "The Spanish edict went forth calling the young clergy has been rigorously opposed to people and children to the confirmation the liberty of conscience, to the gen- service. Thousands came and a spe- eralization of public education and to cial wholesale rate was made of twen- every effort on the part of the people t)'-five cents per head.

to establish a government of their 2. Ritualism. Irreverence is the own." Aside from infrequent sermons, son and superstition is the daughter of almost the only attempt at religious ritualism. A religion that consists of instruction is to teach the children cat- nothing more than an elaborate system echisms and prayers by rote, it being of rites can not fail to produce one or intended that they should be accepted the other of these. In Cuba they botb.

as truth regardless of whether they or abound. A considerable proportion of their elders understand one whit of the men look upon the celebration vf what they contain. The priesthood is mass as the enactment of a beautiful as a broker's agency, professing to be comedy with no more truth in it than the only one that can deal in Heaven's in fables or folk-lore. Such religious securities ( ?) and the priests carefully exercises they consider helpful to chil- deal them out in proportion to the dren and women, because it serves as ability or willingness of their patrons a restraint to the former and as a con- to pay. solation to the latter.

In the year 1900, the writer lived in Another class of people, failing to the northern part of the Province of find soul satisfaction in these empty

CONDITIONS IN

forms, are driven to put their trust in with a rope and let him head downspiritualism. Seances, with their ac- ward into the welI, then we will have companiment of spirit rappings and a sure miracle." And she added as if ghost manifestations, are frequent. in positive proof, "I have in this way Elaborate schemes of transmigration obtained several prizes at the San of souls are propounded. The dronings Domingo Lottery." of the witch-doctors, as they practise their art, are a travesty of the chant- 4 Penance and almsgiving. Altho ings of the priests. penance may have been intended to serve a higher purpose, it has proved But if irreverence is the son and to be principally a means of increasing superstition is the daughter, then im- the power of the priesthood and of morality is the Ishmael of ritualism. stultifying those who practise it. The teaching of a sacramental salvation does absolutely nothing to elevate Almsgiving as taught by the Romanthe morals of the people, and as the ists makes- begging a holy thing and history of indulgences testify, may places a serious barrier in the way of lead them to the grossest immoralities. an adequate eleemosynary work.

3. Saint worship. The Roman 5. Celibacy. The exalting of cel- Church ostensibly encourages saint ibacy degrades the home. The priest worship and abhors idolatry; in reality who knows nothing of the responsibilsaint worship becomes idol worship. ity of parenthood is declared to be The devout Romanist, who bows be- more holy than the father who by infore the image of the virgin, as truly dustry and frugality rears his family worships that image as does the pagan to serve God in honesty and integrity. Chinaman the image before which he The virgin within the seclusion of the bows. In the southern part of the cloister is declared to be more pleasing Province of Santiago, near the copper to God than the mother who by the mines, is the famous Virgin del Cobre, greatest of self-sacrifice rears her image of the Virgin Mary, reputed to family to bless the community. By have performed wondrous miracles. It these unnatural lives, society is deis not even St. Mary in heaven that prived of what might be an uplifting they think of as having performed the element, and they oftentimes give ocmiracles; it is that particular image. casion for scandalous rumors; and in Hence long and toilsome journeys, for a country of lax moral standards, it the purpose of invoking its blessing, must be confest that such rumors are are made to the shrine where it is kept. not always without foundation.

This image worship, especially Present Conditions and Tendencies among ignorant people, often becomes ludicrous. A certain woman, a devotee With the passing of the Spaniard of St. Anthony, gave the following ex- the Church found itself deprived of planation of her method of obtaining the revenues from the State. The his favor: "You will notice," she said, cemeteries passed from its control and pointing to his image, "that I keep him became municipal burying grounds. without fiowers-a punishment for his The Protestants firmly planted their laziness. The best way to force him work in every city of importance and , to do miracles is to tie him by the feet thousands have already turned to the new faith. Not least among the en-

emies of the old regime is the spirit the priests will gradually become more of freedom and independence which liberal in their methods can not be is in the very atmosphere of the young doubted. But wht<ther the change will republic. The struggle with these new come before the masses have been problems is now on within the Church. swept from their Roman moorings can Shall a firm stand be taken for the old not now be fully predicted. tyrranical domination or shall place be given to larger liberty? On the sur- John Fiske has said that the policy face, the question appears to be this: of the Spaniard to keep unity of re- Shall the old ideas be insisted upon ligious thought in his dominions, is a ,even at the risk of scattering many of terrible delusion. He continues, "Per- their flock or shall the other alternative haps we are not entitled to blame the be accepted, the Americanization of Spaniard too severely when we reflect the Church? It appears to them to be that even among ourselves, in spite of a question of the lesser of two evils. all the liberalizing influences to which There are tendencies in both direc- the English race has so long been sub- tions. The Spanish priests still cling jected, the lesson is only just begin- to their old methods and will perhaps ning to be learned that variety in re- for years to come. To them freedom ligious beliefs is not an evil, but a of thought in religious matters is a positive benefit to a civilized commun- dangerous thing. On the other hand, ity, whereas uniformity in belief an American bishop has had his res- should be dreaded as tending toward idence in the island for some time. Chinese narrowness and stagnation. Preaching has become much more fre- This is the true lesson of Protestant- , quent and Sunday-schools have been ism, and it is through this lesson, how- formed in many of the churches. But ever imperfectly learned, that Protest- the question is far from settled. That antism has done so much to save the world from torpor and paralysis.", THE QUICHE NATION OF CENTRAL AMERICA BY C. F. SECORD, CHICHICASTENANGO, GUATEMALA There are in Guatemala some 350,- carpentry. While many of them are 000 members of the Quiche tribe, lo- under a nominal obedience to the cated in the western and extreme Church of Rome, the majority follow northern portion of the republic. the ancient customs in regard to wor- These people are descendants of the ship, and have their own priest or ancient Toltecs and are related to the wizards, who are old men and the great Maya race of Yucatan, Mexico. leaders of their strange mixture of Unlike most of the aborigines of North devil and fire worship. These wizards America, those of Central America are are much feared and are held in great remarkably industrious, and engage in reverence. Nor is this fear ungrounded, agriculture, weaving woolen and cot- as the wizards are most unscrupulous ton goods. They are also proficient and often cause the unhappy victims in many of the useful arts, such as of their displeasure to go insane by

RUlNBD TEMPLE, BUILT BY BARTOLOJd: DE LA CASAS, SACAPULAS. CIIlNTRAL

QUlcuJ!l INDIANS 'WORSHIPING A CROSS IN THE RUINBD TBHPLII OB' LA CASAS, CIIlNTRAL AMERICA 189

giving them certain concoctions of Then the word came to Tcpen Gucumatz plants whose virtues and antidotes in the shades of night; it spoke to Gucu- l1latz and said him: " It is time to consult, to corr<;ider, to meet and hold counsel to- gether, to join speech and wisdom to light the way and for mutual guidance." And the name of this is Hmacan, the Voice which sounds; the Voice of Thunder is the first; the second is the Flash of Light; the Lightning is the third. These three are the heart of heaven, and they descended to Gucumatz at the moment when he was con-. sidering the work of creation. Know that this water will retire and give place to land, which shall appear everywhere; there shall be light in the heaven and in the earth; but we have yet made no being who shall respect and honor us. They spoke and the land appeared because of them. This is the beginning of the story of thuse who were formerly in the land that is called Quiche. There begins and commences the knowledge of the earlier times, the origin and begin- ning of all done in the Quiche State, in the home of Quiche men.

AN (lUGE OF GOD , TIIB FATHER, WORSBIPED IN MANY It is a curious fact that their god TOWNS OF THE QUICHE lfATION and creator should be Gucumatz, the they alone know. They also often kill their enemies outright.

Great herds of cattle are cared for by the Indians in some districts, and '

IlUlldreds of thousands of sheep (most- ly black) are pastured on the moun- tain-sides. The Quiches once possest an extensive literature, and hundreds of youths were annually educated at the college which was situated in the an- cient capital, some twelve miles from Chichicastenango. The evil work of Spain and Rome has been too well done, and to-day the Quiches can not read their own hngu3.g~. This lan- guage is very beautiful, but there are two distinct kinds-one spoken by the THE RUlI HA.BIT AMONG TlilC QUIOHe INDIA.NS common peopIe, and one only used by ThIs habit I. destroyIng the IndIans 01 Central Amerlc& the priestly and ruling classes. great coiled serpent! The modern The Quiche account of the creation Q"uiches fear the Evil One, but have is as follows: vague ideas of another world, being

THE QUICHE NATION OF CENTRAL

principally the knowledge of the ex- established in Tatonicapan, thirty istence of hell (Xibalba), but they can miles from here, and the eight have really be considered materialists. been baptized. MallY other towns are The Quiches, as also those of the visited from time to time, and there other tribes, are rapidly being de- are believers scattered throughout the entire Quiche country. Many idols dis- placed from hearts and homes have been destroyed, and as we are now . known and respected by the people, we expect greater harvests in the fu- ture. As' soon as a missionary physi- cian arrives, we hope to be able to erect a hospital, and thus extend the medical work which for nearly six years we have carried on alone. There is no doubt that medical work is most productive of fruit among aboriginal moralized by rum, and we hope for the A.. QUICHE INDIA N SPINNING 'WOOL day when this enlightened government, under the control of President peoples. In the United States there Estrado Cabrera, who is the ablest is one physician to every three hunruler since General Barrios, will take dred, while in Guatemala there is not the necessary steps to protect the 1,- one among nearly half a million souls. 250,000 aborigines of Guatemala from the rum fiend.

In November, 1900, my wife and I began active work in Chichicastenango, in the center of the great Quiche nation, and have been privileged to see some fruit from our labors. A mission station has been built and there is a congregation of some seventy or eighty people, fifteen of whom have been baptized. Work has also been

PRACTICAL RESULTS OF

BY MC'LAIN W. DAVIS, UTAH Vhen a great iceberg floats down ship, what heavenly living might not from the frozen North and its tower- be expected as the reasonable result. ing walls of crystal excite admiration and at the same time menace shipping, The teachings of Mormonism may only a small part of the frozen danger be expected to find expression in the is visible. This is the case with Mor- lives of its adherents and it is not unmonism. Much may be seen, but the reasonable to inquire as to the truth of major part of the Mormon menace to the assertion so frequently made by Christian civilization does not appear speakers in the Salt Lake Tabernacle, to a casual observer. The elaborated that Mormons are the freest, best, and system may be understood by a stu- purest people in the world. It is even. dent, but the influence of that teaching reasonable to ask whether the highest is not always easily discerned. This and best in human effort and life can fruitage is distributed through a mul- be expected from the teaching and' ex-. titude of lives and crops out in all the ample of the Mormon leaders. relations of life. Materia1ise Right thinking and right living are indissoluble. Therefore any system of The Mormon system is materialism thought by which life shall be ruled, incarnate. The results of this teaching must abide the test of producing right are evident both in individuals and in conduct. The claims of Mormonism communities. The materialistic nature as a system of thought and ethics are of the system is more or less familiar so large and so dogmatic that we have to the people of the United States. a right to expect from its adherents an The president and apostles of the unusual degree of rectitude in life and church, wlth other. high ecclesiastical conduct. 'officers, are presidents and directors of various corporations, many of them Mormons assert most strongly that church owned, engaged in a variety of the "Church of Latter-day Saints" is commercial enterprises ranging from a perfect copy-of the heavenly pattern. making salt and shoes, to the selling The hierarchy on earth is an exact of whisky and automobiles. model of that in the heavens; polygamy on earth is only a reflection of Polygamy is practised to-day by celestial relations. '. The Mormon apos- many of the apostles, officials and tles are said to be as divinely chosen members of. the Mormon church, and and as fully inspired as were the by its president, Joseph F. Smith, who twelve selected by Christ. All the has at least five homes and wives that leaders of the church are inspired and he can call his own. Nor is it true their direction of the church is divine. that the church has receded from the It is easy to see that authority is a teaching of. or belief in polygamy. word written large i? the Mormon This hateful and home-destroying invocabulary. With this extraordinary stitution is in no small degree the connection with the things heavenly, corner-stone of Mormonism. It can and such a plethora of inspired leader- not be co~sistently surrendered. To do so would be to repudiate the early leaders of the church-especially the Another effect of this materialism founder, Joseph Smith, Jr.-and to put is the inordinate craving for pleasure away the alleged foundation for future on the part of the younger generation exaltation and glory. During the of Mormons. When a missionary Smoot investigation in Washington .starts out to convert the outside world, it was brought out that the Book of in place of a farewell prayer-meeting, Doctrine .and Covenants, believed to it is a common custom to raise contain the revelations given to the money for his expenses by giving a church, and a work of prime authority, public dance. Dances and metry- did not contain the revelation doing makings have been fostered assidu- away with polygamy, commonly ously by the church, and now some of known as the "Manifesto," first issued the older members complain that the in 1890. President Smith assured the young people do not attend the meet- Committee of the Senate that he would ings and support the church as they see to it that the next edition of the should.

Doctrine and Covenants contained the . Materialism does not necessarily "Manifesto." A new edition of this mean thrift and material prosperity; book has been issued since that time, witness the condition of Turkey.

but there is no trace in it of the "Ma-ni- Many Mormon towns and communi- festa," tho the old revelation com- ties are progressive, but in very many manding polygamy is presented as of instances meager use is made of nat~ yore. It is clearly intended that Mor- ural advantages of soil and climate.

mon books shall teach polygamy and One community may be cited as an nothing to the contrary. . example; it is some miles off the rail- As might be expected, the life of the road, but is in a very rich country.

Mormon people flows in materialistic Potatoes can be grown willi little or channels. The shock of this frank no cultivation and are exceedingly materialism comes home occasionally prolific, yet this small community buys to some adherent of the system who most of its potatoes outside. Apples has not yet become accustomed to its rot in the orchards of this place by the full meaning. A bright, well educated hUl1dred bushel while the people buy young woman, who had embraced their vinegar in a distant city and haul Mormonism in Great Britain, was re- it many miles from the nearest freight cently brought to Utah and, as a spe- .station. This place is not unique, for cial honor, was introduced to Pres- many others may be found with sim- ident Smith an9 some of the apostles. ilar conditions.

It would naturally be supposed that Polygamy this direct contact with these ·favored and inspired men would have strength- The example of lawlessness set by ened her faith and made her a more church leaders can not fail to be ob- earnest follower of Joseph Smith, Jr- served and emulated_ Just as the pre- Instead, she declared· that what Wa!L cept that polygamy is discouraged is said to her on this occasion disgusted overshadowed by the open practise of her with Mormonism, and to-day she President Smith and numerous apos- is a happy member of an evangelical tles, so the Mormon precept of obe- Christian church. dience to rulers, governors and laws is

impaired by the practises of the ruling ding polygamy was given to the hierarchy. President Joseph F. Smith world. There have been other cases acknowledged in Washington that he of plural marriage during this same was breaking both human and divine period, tho it is, of necessity, difficult, laws, and that he proposed to continue and frequently impossible, to trace all in this lawless course. Mr. Smith and these ceremonies, since these marseveral apostles of the church were riages are performed in darkened pardoned for their past offenses and rooms, on the high seas, by lonely granted amnesty by Presidents Cleve- roadsides in Mexico, and wherever the land and Harrison, on their cove- curtains of secrecy and stealth are nanting to obey the laws against "un- deemed thick enough to veil the act lawful cohabitation." These solemn from public knowledge. All of this pledges have been shamelessly broken; breeds contempt for human law and the laws of the State of Utah have divine commandments, where it is been trodden under foot; the com- made evident that what has been solmands of God have been violated. emnly paraded as a divine injunction What a singular spectacle is presented doing away with, or suspending, poby these supposed representatives of lygamy is but a hypocritical mask the Almighty breaking His laws and meant only to deceive the outside yet claiming to be in daily communica- world. tion with Him! The population of Utah is found Recently President Smith was fined largely in rural communities and the three hundred dollars in a Salt Lake testimony of President Joseph F. county court for the crime of unlawful Smith and other Mormon chiefs becohabitation. Let it be remembered fore the Senate Committee during the that his forty-third child, whose ad- Smoot investigation, is not familiar to vent led to his prosecution, is illegit- a great multitude of the Mormon imate, and some faint conception may people. This testimony has never be had of the' example set before the been printed or circulated by any people of the Mormon church by this Mormon print. This is conclusive ev- "prophet, seer and revelator." Is it idence that the Mormon authorities ·do to be supposed that such teaching, by not regard this testimony as a trione so eminent in the church, can pass umphant vindication of themselves altogether unobserved and unheeded? which should be spread broadcast When the president of the Mormon among the rank and file of the church. church sets the example of breaking When many Mormons are questioned laws, human and divine, others natu- about President Smith's remarkable rally reason that they may follow the testimony it is found that they know same course. The result is seen in the nothing about it. One intelligent Morimmoral condition of many Mormon mon, who maintained he never heard communities. about this testimony, when assured that. such was in print, said, "Oh, that The evidence in the Smoot inves- does not prove anything; you can tigation was conclusive that at least never tell what these reporters will five apostles had taken new plural say." wives since the "Manifesto" forbid-

19071 THE PRACTICAL RESULTS OF MORMONISM

Bigotry Mormons away from all religious meetings except their own. The order The effect of the Mormon doctrine goes out for Mormons not to attend believed and applied is to foster big- the services held in Christian churches, otry. The common name applied to and it is obeyed. When the Young outsiders by President Joseph F. Men's Christian Association was being Smith and other leaders of the Mor- started in Salt Lake City a number of mon church has been "enemies." In young Mormon men were in the habit a speech at St. George, Utah, Pres- of attending the meetings at the Assoident Smith advised the Saints never ciation headquarters. Suddenly they to sell land to outsiders, boasting that all stopt coming and tj-le inquiries of he never had and never would sell a the secretary met only evasive replies. foot of land to these "enemies;" Such At last he asked one of these young teaching and spirit is worthy of Mo- men when the order had gone out for hammedanism, or of China during the Mormons to stay away from the time of the Boxer outbreak. It has Young Men's Christian Association, been practically effective in causing and the man naively gave him the date Mormons to look upon all non-Mor- when the Mormon bishop had issued mons as aliens. This is a remarkable the orders.. attitude for what is professedly the "true and only church in the whole Mormonism has not yet reached its world" representing the love of God logical and full. fruition, for' it is held in Jesus Christ. There is little social in check by the laws and customs of mingling of Mormons and non-Mor- the United States. But the teachings mons in Utah and Idaho. Mormons are beginning to show results. A sysbear an attitude of aloofness and sep- tem which is giv.en over to materialaration toward those who reside in ism, which fences its followers off their midst, The old Jewish separate- from sympathetic human fellowship ness find,S a modern parallel in Mor- with the rest of the world by high momsm. walls of exclusion and peculiar relig- ious privilege, which fosters and up- Those who openly leave the' Mor- holds systematic lawlessness and mon church for any other faith are pledge-breaking, must fail to develop branded as "apostates," and if they the highest and best of which the race live in a Mormon community they are is capable. The early pioneers of the ostracized and have' the stigma of Mormon faith are rapidly passing social unworthiness put upon them to away. There is much to admire in the such a degree that they might as well sturdy strength and real fervor disbe living among a people of alien played by these primitive Saints. They blood. Where Mormon girls have often brought to the new religion of married non-Mormons petty persecu- Joseph Smith, Jr., the faith, piety and tions have been frequent, One young strength of character which had been woman who left the Mormon faith to formed in Christian families and join a Christian church was cast off churches. The new generation of by her family. This bigotry, which Mormons which is coming forward spares not even the tenderest ties, is has been fed on a different food from responsible for sorrow and heartbreak what their forbears tasted. In them throughout Utah. It is potent to keep

and in their children will be displayed from the loins of Mormonism, well the actual effects of materialism and and good. The seed has been sown; polygamy. It will be demonstrated in the harvest is yet to come, and it will them whether secret rites, oaths made come in this century. Destiny and binding by horrid penalties, polygamy, time will inexorably and with matheand blind obedience to leaders who are matical certainty bring us the legiticonfessedly lawbreakers, will develop mate product of Mormonism. If it is character and make for righteousness. true that "history repeats itself," there The ultimate test of Mormonism will can be no doubt of what the future has be the Mormons. If noble benefactors in store. It is the mission of the of the race, philanthropists, poets, law- Christian Church of America to save givers and statesmen come forth our land from this bitter fruitage.

THE iTALIAN IN AMERICA BY REV. FREDERICK H. WRIGHT, D.D., ROME, ITALY n. Missionary of the M. Church, r899- The Italian is much in evidence in so rapidly, for her progress is phethese day~. He has come, is coming, nomenal. On that immortal day, Sepand will come to America, and despite tember 20th, 1870, the Pope evacuated all. statements to the contrary, he is the Quirinal palace and became a selfcoming to stay. Not more than five constituted prisoner in the Vatican. per cent. return to Italy and remain This puerile fiction must be kept up to there permanently. In round numbers, maintain his dignity, for if he should 200,000 yearly crowd to the shores of surrender it, he would become a plain the United States. I t is a motley bishop of Rome with no greater augroup and the appalling thing is that thority than any other bishop. The the vast majority are illiterates; but pretensions to temporal power ..secure they are not so undesirable an element his position as pope of all the world. as some think. They are naturally in- Victor Immanuel II. was chosen king telligent, and when they are given an by an overwhelming vote of the opportunity, make a splendid record. Roman people, and began the difficult task of cleaning out the Italian Augean An orator, of considerable reputa- stables. Some noble work was done, tion, was recently heard to remark: but there remains much to do. The "The Italians ?-degenerate sons of sanitary conditions of Rome in the illustrious sires!" That is a prejudiced early seventies were fearful. Without generalization which can not commend paved streets and with an unimproved itself to an intelligent public. Emil sewerage system, this city was the Reich in the Contemporary Review, breeding place for disease, and the exprest the opinion that Italy is to- Roman fever was a natural result of day the most gifted nation of Europe. residence in the Eternal City. Those It was only thirty-six years ago that who have read Storey's "Roba di Italy became a nation and her short Roma" will remember the grewsome pictures he draws of some of the old career has been a brilliant one. No other European nation has advanced

THE ITALIAN IN AMERICA

haunts. The archeologist was angry but this difference often lies in the when the new government undertook customs of the people. We could to pull down some of the old rookeries wish, for instance, that they would and they complained bitterly against comb their children's hair at home, the modern spirit of these vandals, but and not in full view of the passer-by.

this demolition was the best thing that American mothers do this in private, ever happened to Rome. Tourists can but they do it just the same; we might now live there with perfect safety. wish that the Italians would hide in Excellent hygienic conditions obtain their homes many things that they and to-day there is no city in the world now expose on the streets, but we that has a better health record than must understand the spirit of the Rome. So over all the country a great people . before we· condemn them.

improvement was made in sanitary Things which we hold as sacred, the conditions, but in the remote parts Italian counts as natural and secular.

there is much room for further im- An American when he mingles with provement. the Italians is shocked at first by open We must not be too hasty in con- references, in a promiscuous company, demning the Italians as filthy. A gen- to things sacred and deli<;ate; but as eral survey may lead to such a con- soon as he learns the genius. of this clusion, but when we particularize we remarkable people he ceases to crit- do not find such a deplorable condition icize, or at least modifies his criticism.

as we at first imagined. Of course, The illiteracy of the Southern Italian they do not have our knowledge of emigrant is deplorable. About eighty- the laws of hygiene-and we ourselves five per cent. ofthe Italian immigrants have made great advance in recent can neither read nor write, but that is years, as the regulations concerning no fault of the individual. He is quick expectoration in street cars will testify to learn and his children become the -but in general, the average Italian best students in our public schools.

is as clean as the average American The Italian says: "Siamo sotto Ie of the same grade of society. Tes- unghi dei preti." (We are under the timony which I have received from talons of the priests.) It has been the physicians in this country as to the im- deliberate policy of the Roman Church maculate condition of the Italian beds. in Southern Italy to keep the people should have some weight. More than ignorant, and for hundreds of years one settlement-worker has assured me the Pope has ruled the bodies and that in the Italian homes they almost souls of the poverty-stricken, illiterate invariably find four clean walls, while masses. They seek the better land, and one of the New York State commis- we must not close the door of op- sioners for the inspection of factories portunity in their faces, but give them and tenements volunteered his testi- a chance to improve their condition.

mony as to the scrupulous cleanliness About ninety-nine per cent. of the of the new Italian tenement 'quarters. emigrants to the United States come Such testimony can not be lightly set from the country. Most of them have aside, Some of their methods of never seen a city until they set sail for keeping a home and attending to their America, consequently they know children may conflict with our ideas, nothing of the vices of the cities.

They are of the honest, industrious are engaged, too many of them have class,-the bone and sinew of the lost their self-respect, and it is no use Italian nation. So great has been the denying the fact that there is a de- emigration that the Italian govern- moralizing tendency among them, due ment has recently inquired into the to their surroundings. That is no matter and is seeking to adopt plans reason, however, that we should con- to induce these peasants to remain in demn a whole race for the failings of their own country. This ought to be a few. It was Gladstone who said sufficient to relieve the minas of Amer- that he had arrived at the point where icans as to the character of the South- he had ceased to criticize a nation for ern Europe immigrants. One per cent. the faults of individuals. Another comes from the city, and is doubtless generation is going to bring a decided a hard element. They spoil the repu- change for the best or for the worst, tation of the other ninety-nine per according to the opportunity we give cent. I have had an opportunity, dur- them. If we are true to our ideals, ing my residence in Italy, of six years, we shall make it harder for them to to study this people, and my work has degenerate, but if we fail of our duty, been particularly among the very class a second generation (crqwded into that comes to this country. I can tes- tenement life, the only playground for tify without reservation to the splendid the children being the streets) will qualities of the average immigrant. become a menace to our country.

We as Americans are prejudiced The intelligence of the average Ital- against him and if we attempt to do ians is as high as that of any other anything for him it is in the spirit of people. They have a wonderful his- self-preservation or in a patronizing tory in the past. In the world of lit- way. This the Italian heartily re- erature, science and art they are in the sents. He claims the same rights that ascendency. The spirit of the martyrs we have and he only asks for a fair who suffered for their faith in the chance in the race of life. early history of the Christian Church, The Italian is not as bad as he is is still in them, but now its object is painted. On my return to America, I no longer Christ and the Church, for saw more drunken men in one week they have lost faith in the Church and than I saw in the whole six years of know little of Christ; but when their my experience in Italy. This Amer- country was in peril, they rallied to the ican vice, however, has been learned call of Garibaldi and Mazzini and Ca- only too well by the Italians. They vour, and sacrificed themselves on the can not get the cheap wine which they altar of their patriotism. The race of have been used to drinking in Italy. martyrs is not yet dead and with ear- They see the Americans of their class nest preaching of. the gospel of a purer using beer and whisky freely and faith, there is much that encourages they take up with the custom and un- hope and confidence in these warm- fortunately bring discredit upon them- hearted Southerners who are crowd- selves and their fellow Italians. ing our streets and filling our cities.

Owing to their crowded condition and May American Christendom rise to its the kind of occupations in which they opportunities.

WORD OF GOD IN

BY REV. W. H. FORSYTHE, M. D., CHUNJU, KOREA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church (South) The reading of the Word of God is coming a Christian. His friends went bringing the people of Korea to know with him to church the following Christ as their Savior. This is shown Wednesday evening, and he decided in a wonderful way in the report of to believe. I visited his home recently. the Bible Committee for I905. Rev. He still continues to live a Christian life and is making much progress. J. L. Gerdine, of the Methodist Epis- And of another man Mr. Foote copal Mission (South), often accom- writes: "Last year there were only panies his colporteurs on their trips twenty Christians in his territory and from Wonsau. With a loaded donkey this year there are one hundred to be and one or two colporteurs, he goes cared for and taught by the colporfrom village to village, where after teur." preaching the Scriptures were offered for sale. There is such a demand for In Kyeng Sang Province, the same them that it is difficult to provide kind of good work is being done by books enough. In one place where the our colporteur, Mr. Chang. He was story of Christ had never been heard, at the market in Chogei City when a one hundred copies were sold in an man came forward and bought two hour. Not long after Mr. Gerdine gospels. From his conversation it apagain visited that place and found a peared that ten months before he had congregation of about sixty, with their bought two gospels and after reading own church building and an earnest them, had become convinced that they and enthusiastic group of worshipers. contained a good message. He be- lieved in secret and twice when the Rev. W. R. Foote, of the Canadian colporteur came to Chogei he had Presbyterian Mission, says that the bought more books. This time he great testimony to the genuineness of wanted to get the whole story more the colporteurs' work is the large correctly, so he said, "Please come to number of people becoming Christians my house to-night and bring your in the fields covered by them. In each friend (Mr. Yi)' along." On going field a church has been built, a school to the house that night, they were has been started, the people conform surprized to find that the man knew to the discipline of the church, and quite a good deal of the Scripture there are no factions. One man of story. On the wall were some hugood family and some wealth had morous papers. "What are these?" been for a long time given to drink. they asked. "Those are prayers. The The habit grew until his family were gospel said I must pray, and I supalarmed lest he should waste all he posed that was the way to pray. Do had. Finally some men of the village not the people who follow this doctrine told him that it would be well for him pray by these papers on the wall?" to become a Christian-that nothing The colporteurs taught him the rea] else could reform him. They had inwardness of prayer from the heart seen bad men become good and he and urged him to let his light shine, could be saved, too-but only by be-

for as yet he was only a secret believer. adding others. From a country with- After some persuasion he went out out a known believer, in six weeks it and brought in friends who also heard changed to one with one hundred disgladly. For ten days Mr. Chang and ciples of Christ 1 And colporteur Mr. Yi preached in that house and Chang was the instrument the Spirit they left five rn'en definitely pledged to had used to lay the first foundation. follow Christ. Rev: W. L. Swallen, of the same Hearing that there was a man in the mission, whose work is on the northvillage of Oktu, three miles away, who western coast, says that owing to the was interested, the colporteur and his immense work which he has to do by friend sought him out. He proved to reason of the colporteurs' energies, be a gentleman but his interest had he has been obliged to neglect other been exaggerated. They, however, duties. This is in spite of the stateproceeded to interest him, and soon ment: "They nearly worried the life his sarang (guestroom) was over- out of me begging for Testaments flowing with other gentlemen, real which I was unable to get for them. yangbans (high class), who wanted to One year ago, at Kang-ga-kol, there meet the two guests. The messengers was one lone Christian woman. I poured out the truths of salvation so made it a point to have my colporteur well, that the Spirit came down in go there at regular stated intervals. power, and in a few days thirte~n men To-day there are forty believers worwere pledged for Christ, all yangbans, shiping regularly every Sabbath. several of them scholars. Such an Other similar cases might be meningathering was never known in South tioned if I had the time. But this is Kyeng Sang Province. This is in a sufficient for a testimony to the pracpart of the country where up to that tical efficiency of the colporteur in my time there was not one believer. circuit."

Mr. Foote went out there six weeks The Rev. W. G. Cram, of the Methafter the first entrance of light, going odist Episcopal Mission, South, Songinto this latter place first. There were dol, gives a like testimony to the efonly fifteen houses in the village and fectiveness of his colporteurs as the twelve of them were already Christian. instruments by which the church has The other three began to feel lonely. been established and preserved. A site was being laid out for a church, Through them the church has been for it was impossible for all the brought out of heathenism. Just one worshipers to meet together. They incident will suffice to illustrate the bought liberally of books, sang the kind of work which has characterized untried hymns together, and studied the work of the colporteurs. In the with a will. They praised colporteur northern county of the province of Chang highly as their spiritual father. Kank Won there is a Korean village, In other villages nearby in which this numbering at least eight hundred work was spreading, there was an houses. Some colporteurs, accomardor and zeal and knowledge which panied by the Rev. C. T. Collyer and caused the missionaries to be truly Mr. Hugh Miller, about five years ago, thankful. Chogei City had lost none in making a tour of the country, went of its would-be believers but was into the village and preached and sold

WORD OF GOD IN KOREA

quite a number of the gospels. The when asked to tell how he came to bepeople received the Word gladly, but lieve, he said that some two years befor five years the village was left un- fore two pastors had come by his cultivated because of work as needy house and he bought a gospel which nearer home. This large village was he had been reading. Later one of the called to Mr. Cram's attention and he colporteurs came and proclaimed the decided to send a colporteur there to good news and the man decided to live. Four months later there was a believe. This proves the effect of church which numbered at least fifty. distributing the Lord's Word in a Now after only nine mot1ths the list of quiet way is most encouraging. probationers in this village numbers two hundred. This is only one in- These tidings of awakening in cident of many. The colporteur is a Korea should encourage Christians in necessary adjunct to the missionary America to greater effort to give more work, not only in the matter of spread- of these people the Word of God. ing the gospel, but in the establishment "The harvest truly is great, but the of the Church. God bless the colpor- laborers are few; pray ye therefore the teur and the people who enable us to Lord of the harvest that he would keep him at work by their unstinted send forth laborers into His harvest." contributions. A TRAVELER'S APPEAL FOR KOREA The Rev. J. R. Moose, of the Methodist Mission in Seoul, wrote a few Stanley wrote the appeal which led days after his return from a most in- to the founding of the Uganda Misteresting visit to Kang Won Province, sion. Mrs. Isabella Bird Bishop that for the past seven or eight years wrote from Korea to the American one or more colporteurs have been at Presbyterian Board a letter which led work in this province without much to the strengthening of that mission. fruit. N ow there is a great change so Now a letter from Wm. T. Ellis, the that the missionaries are beginning to journalist, who is touring Asia, warns see results of the seed sowing which has the friends of missions of the imporbeen going on all these years. During tance of using the present opportunity Mr. Moose's last visit he met scores in Korea. He says: of new believers, who have been brought to make a confession of faith The whole country is fruit ripe for the in Christ, as the result of the faithful picking. Leaders are openly declaring that work of the colporteurs. Upon inquiry in Christianity alone is to be found political several of them said that they had and social salvation for the nation. _ In bought gospels two or three years their extremity the Koreans are ready to ago; had been reading them and thus turn to the living God. It may not be so had been brought to believe in Jesus. two years hence. If the Christian Church This shows again how the Word will has any conception of strategy, any apprebring forth fruit, tho we may some- ciation of an opportunity and any sense ·of times have to wait a long time before relative values, she will act-not next year, we see it. but NOW! Within six months there should be one hundred new missionaries scattered One old gentleman had recently over Korea, and let them be men and womcome out as a believer in Jesus and, en of the royal breed now on the field.

Now is the time to win Korea for Christ. The missionary work has been well started and has acquired a great momentum. The King's business re- quires haste.

HISTORY or A PAIR OF

BY REV. HENRY HUIZiNGA, ONGOLE, INDIA Missionary of the American Baptist Missionary Union To begin at the beginning, in the cents a pound, cholam (which takes famine of 1900, we gathered nearly the place of corn) is one and one-half three hundred little destitute children cents a pound; and thus the small ininto the Ongole Faith Orphanage, and come of the breadwinner of an Indian ever since we have trusted the Lord household (which is often a large one) to supply us with all that was needed barely suffices even in good times to to maintain them. There are not so give one scanty meal to each member. many now-only about one hundred A part of the earnings must go for and seventy-five-but all this time the clothing, tho that is necessarily often Lord has supplied all our needs with- reduced to its narrowest and shortest out our having to ask any human limit. Do you wonder that our hearts being for help. Very soon after be- often ache for the mere physical needs, ginning this work, the question of the the "needs of the stomach," as we witfuture of these children demanded ness their distress and destitution? consideration. Just to feed them and then to send them out into the world, To return to our orphans, as we with no better preparation for com- looked at these little ones and thought plete living than the average Indian of the life that awaited them outside child, did not seem to us to be a great .after their schooling should be over, eno~gh kindness to them. We might that which we were saving them for give them all some sort of an educa- did not seem a worthy enough object. tion in the three "R's," and a few But what could be done? A number might be qualified for something a of missionaries in different parts of little better even than that, but we India, having had similar conditions were longing to give all these children to meet, have thought of some form some unique benefit. We wished not of industrial training which would fit simply to help them, but rather to boys for some useful trades. In theory teach them self-help; and more than this seemed easy enough, but the that, we wished to teach them to help moment it was carried into pracothers: in other words, to be blest and tise, innumerable difficulties presented be a blessing. themselves. First of all, there was the prejudice against manual labor of any . People's hearts over all the world kind, especially among boys who were were stirred by the news and by the in some sort of school; then their inpictures of the Indian famine. But it nate unfitness for acquiring skill in is perhaps not known that in many such things; but worse than all, was parts of India certain classes of the the inability to find work for a boyar people are chronically in a semi-famine man once trained in an industrial condition. Thousands, yea millions, school. In India, the system of caste live for months together on one scant regulates the employment and the ocmeal a day. The average wage of the cupation that a man may pursue, and ordinary Indian laborer is five or six its rules are iron-clad. It goes entirely cents a day: the price of rice is three by heredity, and not by any system of training or consideration of fitness, so results, and from the very beginning that the son of a blacksmith becomes we found the boys quite eager for the a blacksmith; and if he should try to work, and a ready sale for all that we become anything else, he would not could make, so that very soon the only find little opportunity of learning school paid its own way out of the his trade, but he would find few or proceeds of sales. By far the larger none to employ him. This is especially part of our output was bought by a true where one who belongs to the mercantile firm in Madras.

ordinary unskilled laborers' class tries But it is always well to have an ad- to join the artizan class; in. fact, such ditional string to one's bow, and the an attempt would scarcely be thought aluminum enterprise was still some- of without outside stimulus, and then what of an experiment, so we began even it would surely result in complete to look around for something else.

failure. There was therefore very N ow the people from whom most of little to inspire any further effort along our orphans had come were chucklers such lines, unless something entirely or leather workers, and had been for new could be invented, that would not a thousand years. This was their caste only make good artizans of such ma- occupation. They tanned skins, and.

terial as we had, but also find them made rough harnesses of leather, and employment after they were well sandals and rude shoes. These chil- trained. dren that we had in our home were Under stress of the conditions above familiar with the sight of all these proc- referred to, we thought of two ways, esses, and some of them had helped that might lead us out ~f our diffi- in that kind of work. Now it might culties. One we found in the introduc- be that this familiarity had bred con- tion of an entirely new industry, tempt, or it might rather turn out that against which there was no prejudice, long usage had supplied that sympathy and on which no other caste had as yet and interest that are so needful to suc- any claims; for about this time the cess in any undertaking.

English Government, through its We talked with the boys about it; educational department, had intro- brought out a nice piece of soft Eng- duced the aluminum industry, which lish leather, and also a nice pair of bade fair to be a great success com- well made shoes, and let them make mercially. To a large extent the beau- the comparison between these and tiful clean aluminum cooking utensils such as they were acquainted with.

of various sorts were taking the place Then we told them of our plans to of the heavy, dirty, poisonous copper have them learn to do the better kind vessels that the natives of India were of work, and their eyes sparkled and accustomed to use: and very soon some danced for joy. They went at it many and various other uses were with zest and earnestness, and took to found for the new metal. The labor the new education as ducks do to of preparing all these articles, ham- water. Half the battle was won.

mering and turning and spinning and Here was a work that the boys un- <;asting, formed a complete new indus- dertook with eagerness, that they try, which we were advised to try. could learn somewhat easily and well, This was done with most excellent that their own people rejoiced to see

them at, and in the future pursuance things to younger boys in a way equal of which they would encounter no op- to their teachers shows a very marked position from tradesmen of other stage in technical training. We shall castes. I say the battle was half won; count our work a success if the pupils there was still required an infinite learn their trades well, and continue amount of patient planning, of careful in them and do well in them in after directing, and of persevering toil, be- years. Altho our work is still in the fore even moderate success was experimental stage, yet we have had achieved. We were fortunate in se- repeated calls for our pupils to come curing a fairly good teacher, a native as teachers or as foremen in other in- Christian of the same tribe and caste stitutions and factories, and at wages as the boys, but perhaps the only one three or four times the wages paid to in India of this tribe who understood the ordinary unskilled laborer. so well as he the kind of work that we wanted done. And so, tho he was far I have told the essentials of my his- ..from being a perfect workman, and tory of a pair of shoes. Just before had even less ability to teach, still he I left India last summer, on furlough, -was much better than we expected to I asked one of the brightest boys in be able to find. We began with six the school to make me the nicest pair boys, and had to begin at the very be- of shoes that he was able to. The ginning, teaching them to make result was a surprize to me, and is such smooth and even stitches on scraps of to nearly all my friends in America to leather, then to do patches and repair whom I show them. Tho made enwork, then to help in the cutting, fit- tirely by han~, they are equal in finish ting, and sewing of rough shoes; and to our high-grade shoes in America, so on, until the higher grades of work and as for wearing qualities-well, I were reached. Everything was done do not wish to say anything disparby hand, and so with tools worth not aging about the work done in Amermore than one dollar all told, a work- ica! That boy would be able, if he man could turn out a tolerably nice had never seen the Industrial School, shoe, that sold for a good price. to earn about five cents a day: now he can earn from twenty-five to thirty After a few years the boys made cents, and he has only taken the first very creditable shoes. We have had steps on a journey toward industrial no trouble to find a suitable market for achievement. There is a wide field and our wares. English and American a great future for the successful residents buy our fine shoes as fast as leather worker in India. In tanning, we can make them, and the coarser in harness making, in boot an~ shoeshoes made by beginners find a ready making, and in the making of various sale among the natives around. The useful articles out of canvas and fact that some at least of our boys can leather-such as portfolios, handmake a fine dress-shoe from start to bags, hold-alls, etc., etc.-there are finish, or aluminum cooking vessels of possibilities for the Indian workman various sorts, without the aid or direc- and earnings for Indian capital, that tion of a teacher, shows real advance- will help solve the industrial problem ment in their industrial capacity; of the large multitudes of people of while their aptness to teach these that land. BY REV. JOHN L. DUBE, OLANGE, PH<ENIX, NATAL We have just passed through a oppressors. It is no wonder that there grave crisis in this land, in which 3,000 are those who oppose missionary work men were killed, their homes de- stroyed, their cattle taken and thou- But the outlook is not without hope. sands of children made orphans. The The r~bellion has made the people Zulus have been under the English think. A commission has been ap- Government for nearly· thirty years pointed to inquire into native griev- without ever thinking of rebellion ances, so that if the laws are wrong against the government. But ever they may be corrected. We trust that since a responsible government was the missionaries are to be given greater granted to Natal, there has been an liberty to preach the gospel and teach absence of proper consideration for the the people. Ethiopian teaching has natives. The desire on the part of the been used as an argument to interfere ruling race to use the natives for their with the work of missionaries. Many own comfort and aggrandizement has colonists have now discovered that the led the natives to resort to arm~d re- fault lies with them, and that unless sistance. The missionaries are blamed they elevate the native African he is on all sides as responsible for this re- bound to drag them down. They are bellion because they teach the natives beginning to see that God is Father that they also are men with souls like and Creator of all, and that they can white men. As one of the natives not live in peace so long as they hold the policy of keeping down the weaker educated by missionary effort, r wish race. The rebellion has made these white men realize their responsibilities, to say that the missionaries are only and so it may prove a blessing in dis- .busy teaching the people the Christian guise. It has brought forward the way of living. If the Europeans wish fair-minded Europeans to speak for to know the true cause of native unrest the education and Christianization of they may find itin their own policy of the natives. administration of native affairs. They have debased their national ideals, for On the other hand, the natives are instead of national righteousness, they anxious to improve their condition have manifested national' selfishness. and have made personal sacrifices to This makes the missionary's daily ex- build churches and schools. If the reample of faithful, unselfish living construction is to be a satisfactory one, among the natives a constant rebuke to the colonists. Thus he is placed be- r am of opinion that we shall see wontween. two fires—on the one hand, hated by his white neighbors as en- derful progress in the matter of Chriscouraging the native to be more in- tian living, including moral and social dependent; and on the other hand, as well as economic improvement. But suspected by the native as a tool of the it rests largely with the Europeans to take up their burden and help to uplift a people who wish to improve.

OF WORK AMONG LEPERS IN

BY REV. T. M. KERRUISH, WESLEYAN MISSION, RANIGANJ, INDIA ','What a strange thing that all these months of death by the most horrible miserable people are so happy! If I disease known; in the midst kneels one were a leper I wonld kill myself of another race and color, your repre- straight off; but these people seem sentative and messenger, telling them quite content." This was merely the of the peace of God that passeth all casual remark of a visitor at the Rani- understanding in halting words in a ganj Leper Asylum, but it contained strange tongue, and they with shining a truth that our people at home have eyes rejoice in its coming to them.

not yet realized. Here in the broiling We pass on to another hut. "Sahib, heat we see among these outcasted Sahib, come in, come in," and inside leprosy-ridden creatures that the Great we see a young man twisted up and Peace-giver has the same power as in moaning. His foot has just been am- the home-land that lies always on the putated to save his life, and he is far horizon of those of us who are nearly heartbroken. He has but one exiles for the proclaiming of His remark, one request to make. "Please Name. pray God to take me home quickly."

In this asylum there are to-day one I ask, "Then you are not. afraid?"

hundred and fifty inmates, one hun- "N0; why? He is my Father, and in dred and forty-nine Christians and one my mind is peace." So we tell him, Hindu, who is groping his way into too, that soon God will call him home, the Light as his fellows have done be- where Jesus will change his vile body fore him. He has seen them change into one made like His own, all glori- under the power of the truth into ous within and without.

happy men; he has seen them time and At the door of the next house sits again passing away into the Light a man with a roll of paper in his hand; beyond, with faces lit with the beau- beside him are three little boys, and tiful beams of the Land where there the four are vigorously chanting out is no night-for every month we lose a weird melody. "Well, what's the several of the inmates by disease. matter?" "Oh, these are our new Here is a typical incident. When hymns, and we are practising." Sure going my morning round, stopping to enough, there are ten or twelve hymns talk at the door of each hut, I am told composed by himself, setting forth the that So-and-so is very bad to-day. I wonderful Savior Jesus. The man enter to find her just going out into was a traveling poet who sang his the Great Beyond. She can just songs in praise of the names of whisper, "Pray, pray," and kneeling Krishna and Ram Chandra. But the there in a little circle we commend her disease took him: Krishna and Ram to her Father who is waiting to deliver Chandra had no message for a leper. fro~ the pain. Then, with a smile on So he wandered to and fro till he the poor shrunken face, she dies. found Another, who, being moved It is a picture ghastly enough in that with compassion for the lepers, sent little room, and yet worth looking at. His servants to India, saying, "Inas- Eight maimed creatures, some with . much as ye do it unto one of the least terrible sores, some with barely hea.1ed of these my brethren, ye do it unto sores-all within a few weeks or me. "

AMONG CHINESE ABORIGINES*

BY J. R. ADAM, AN-SHUEN, WEST CHINA About twenty years ago I went to Boxer trouble broke up this movement, An-shuen Fu, in the Province of Kwei- and a military official and a headman chau. There was then a good deal of went all over the district threatening suspicion and prejudice among the to kill the people should they remain Chinese, which, however, we were Christians. As most of them had but enabled to live down. The following recently begun to learn the Gospel, three things helped us: (I) Giving they, "having no root," fell away. away quinine and other simple rem- Upon our return to An-shuen, in edies; (2) saving attempted suicides I90I, we found that a few tens of from opium poisoning; (3) opening Flowery Miao had remained faithful and had attended Gospel meetings all charity schools for boys and girls. Our first attempt at indoor work the time we were away. In 1902 we failed, and we were driven out of the had the joy of baptizing over twenty city. But we returned, and keeping converts from this tribe, and one of ourselves in seclusion, spent most of the number has since become a native our time studying the language. Grad- helper.

ually we commenced open-air work, a The Water Tribe native helper and myself preaching all We came upon the Water Tribe of over the city, in the main streets as Miao twenty miles north of An-shuen well as the by-streets, and on Sunday Fu. For a long time no Miao would afternoons we visited the near villages. take me over the river leading to their The Miao village people of the district, as they said the Chinese would Flowery Tribe were at first very sus- kill them if they did so. At last I picious of us, and fearful as to what found that the Flowery Miao evangel- the Chinese might do. Through giving ist had a relative who had married in~ away quinine for malaria and specific to the Water Tribe and through this ointment for skin diseases, a large man and his wife secured an introduc~ number of Miao began to come, espe- tion to the tribe over the river.

cially on market days. One day I These people at once began to come spoke to a Miao man about my magic to the city services; at first twice a lantern, and at once he gave me an month and latterly once a month. The invitation to come to his home and work quickly spread from village to give a lantern exhibition. Subsequent- viIIage, and ere long we had people ly I was enabled, as a result of that from scores of villages attending the first visit, to go all over that district services at An-shuen Fu.

from village to village, spending a Later on we built a chapel and night here and a night there, preach- opened an out-station at Ten-ten. The ing the Gospel and showing the lan- Miao gave the site-trees for pillars, tern. and stone for building, also money In 1898, we began to enrol candi- and free labor. The mission helped dates for baptism and to gather them with a little money. Now there are at into classes. The following year Ten-ten about sixty-four church-mem- ( 1&}9) we built the first Miao chapel, bers, and two or three hundred people in a village two miles from An-shuen attending the services on Sundays, Fu, and opened a boys' school. At the but, being agriculturists, they are not beginning of 1900 great crowds of all able to attend the same day.

these tribespeople were coming so One day during my stay at Ten-ten, that at the time of the Boxer trouble I saw a number of men returning from our visitors from the Flowery and a boar hunt. They were drest in Water Tribes were from two hundred strange garments, the like of which I and fifty hamlets and villages. The had never seen before. They were all * Condensed from China's Millions

very dirty and were carrying cross- baptism received the name of Paul. bows and arrows. We sent one of our He was one of the deputation, and men to invite them in and, knowing upon returning to his village of Ko- they were hungry, gave them slices of pu, at once started worsliip in his foreign bread. I discovered that they home. Every Lord's Day he gathered were members of a tribe known as the over two hundred people into his house "Ta-hwa-miao" or "Great Flowery for prayer and praise, and reading of Tribe." When they were going away the Word of God. They did not know I invited them to come to' the next much, but were very earnest in what Sunday's services. They came and they did know. The tribesmen believed continued to come. The home-land of the report of the deputation and began these Ta-hwa-miao is nine days' jour- to come down to An-shuen Fu in ney from An-shuen Fu. This people crowds; in groups of twenty, forty, or have so multiplied that the home-land fifty they came, relay after relay, a can not sustain them all, hence they never-ending stream. Our house was have been obliged to migrate. Twenty crowded out with them. One night I odd years ago several hundred families went round and counted my guests. of this tribe migrated south to Lan- We had over three hundred sleeping long-ch'iao, three days from An-shuen in the house. Still they came from Fu. Fifteen years later a few scores more and more distant places. This of these emigrants came still further continued for months.. !;outh to the district where we met them-that is, to Ten-ten. There has been the usual accompani- ment of a real work of grace-perse- One old man, the first of that tribe cution of the subjects of it. The Chinese have risen up against these to hear the Gospel, said, "It is not tribesmen. They have molested them on their journeys, have attacked and good .for us to keep such good news robbed them of their money and goods to ourselves; let us go and tell our -cloth and silk which they had bought kinsmen at Lan-lcing-ch'iao." This in An-shuen and were taking to their old man at once went up there and homes. They have been accused of told the people about the Lord Jesus rebellion, and told that they came to Christ. His name for Jesus was us for poison with which they poisoned "Klang-meng"-that is, the Miao the wells they passed on the road. King. The people from that village Their own chieftains, at one time, be- came down in great numbers to An- came alarmed at the remarkable shuen to see us. They continued doing growth of the movement, and had so for more than two years before we many of them cast into prison, beaten, . baptized any. The converts there have and fined. They also threatened to now built a small chapel and there are deprive of their land all who continued over one hundred church-members. to read our books, or joined them- Moreover, hundreds of the tribes- se1ve's to us. The tribesmen on the people attend the services. Yun':nan border suffered most in this From Lan-long-ch'iao the Gospel way. message was taken by the villagers to Happily, however, the persecution their home-land in the district of Weiling-chow, where over 40,000 of was only temporary. Proclamations their people are living. They, when were put out by the magistrates all they heard the tidings, sent down two over the district, declaring that no one representatives to An-shuen to inquire was to be molested for reading our further into the matter. The men re- books, or becoming Christians, and turned and reported what they had that no land was to be taken away on seen. Their kinsmen, however, were that account. Special despatches were not quite satisfied, so sent a second written by the magistrates and sent to deputation, this time composed of all the tribal chieftains explaining the seven men, to An-shuen Fu. true nature of this great movement.

One of that band of seven at his

AWAKENINGS AMONG CHINESE

with the result that the persecution hundred and sixty church-members at was brought to an end, and rest and Ko-pu, and we have a boys' boarding quiet restored. From the outset the school of seventy boys, with a Chrischieftain of the land where Ko-pu, the tian schoolmaster in charge. out-station, is situated, has been friendly and wishe5 that his people One of the most hopeful signs of shall continue as they have begun. the movement is the wonderful way the converts tell others of the Savior Huge Congregations at Ko-pu they have found. They go out two by two, visiting the villages far and near, In order to assist Paul in his work preaching, singing, and praying. Often I sent up two aboriginal evangelists, when visiting these villages one's one from the Flowery Miao and the heart has been delighted at the eager other from the White Miao, a prac- way in which the people seek to learn tically unreached tribe as yet. After and gain the most benefit from the their arrival, thousands began to at- visit, even if it is only for one night. tend the services. At Ko-pu they They will sit up listening till one or erected a large chapel, IOS feet long two o'clock in the morning. Freand 35 feet wide. It is built entirely quently have I retired at that hour and of wood, huge trees being used for at daylight have awakened to find pillars and cross-beams. The walls them still learning to read texts of are panneled and the roof is covered scripture or some hymn of praise, or with tiles. The building was put up perhaps giving earnest heed to one of by the 'people themselves; they gave the Christians, as he taught them to the money, engaged the necessary car- sing a hymn. penters, and provided free labor. During my last visit we had, inside Some of these Miao can now read and outside, congregations of between the whole of the New Testament. 2,000 and 3,000. Five hundred were Many others have finished one Gospel presented as candidates for baptism, and are now reading- a second. All of and out of this number I baptized them are most earnest in learning to one hundred and eighty last spring, a read. Hundreds of them have finished large number being left over for the reading the hymn book and catechisms autumn baptisms. There are now two and are now plodding through the Gospel of Matthew.

A RECENT VISIT TO THE MIAOS BY B. CURTIS WATERS, KWEIYANG, CHINA Missionary of the China Inland Mission My recent journey into the Lan The next day I started for Ko-pu Lung Chiao and the Ko-pu districts to rest, as the people were Moham- gave me some wonderful experiences. medans and would not take us in; so Leaving An-shun, three days' journey we were obliged to go on, and found took me to Lan ~ung Chiao, where an uneasy resting place in a small hut we have a mission house, one end of by the wayside farther on. However, which serves ,as residence for the na- we .reached Wei-ning, a fairly busy tive evangelist; and the remainder for little city, in two days. Here, perhaps, a chapel which will accommodate about by and by, a missionary might be lo- two hundred people. Sunday morning cated with the special view of over- , ..early the people began to come in, and seeing the work at Ko-pu, two short , by nine o'clock about two hundred had stages distant. With a good horse one gathered. We had a meeting, lasting could easily do it in one day. about four hours-first a prayer-meet- ing and then a preaching service. When seven miles from the city I was met by some village C~ristians,

.who killed a sheep and prepared a redemption, mediatorial session, comgreat spread. Afterward, accompanied ing of Christ; together with matby about a dozen of them, I went on ters relating to life and practise: to Ko-pu. There is a large building opium, wine, immoral practises, particthere, about 110 feet long by 36 feet ipation in idolatrous or superstitious wide. At each end are rooms for the rites, etc. Satisfactorily passing this workers, and the center serves as a test and evidencing by their manner, chapel. A small platform on one side, as well as by their replies, that they in the center, and a few long forms in were taught of God, and being apfront of it constitute all the furniture proved by our council of elders, each of the place at present; bnt there is one then stood up and prayed, was plenty of standing room which meets told that he was accepted for baptism, the need of these eager souls who have and passed out to make room for annot yet acquired the art of "sitting other. Laughter and tears were very easy." There were about six hundred near each· other as we listened to some people at the evening meeting. of the replies and recognized the grace and power of God manifested in these On Sunday morning, at about six people. Many came in and sat down o'clock, the prayer-meeting began. trembling all over, wondering what More people had come in and they questions would be asked, and whether kept coming until there were about they would be able to answer. When eight hundred present. After singing the usual formula was· spoken, "The one of the helpers gave a little talk pastor and the church agree that you about prayer and then we had prayer, receive baptism," not seldom was there prayer, prayer, one after another, some in Chinese, some in Miao, and some a fervent "Thank God 1" The women half and half. Sometimes two would were often clearer in their answers start together in different parts of the than the men, and exprest themselves big building; but there was no con- more fully. One or two out of three fusion. Few of the women understand or four, on being asked to pray, tho or speak Chinese; yet, strange to say, the examination had been in the Miao many of them pray quite intelligently tongue, would pray in Chinese-not stereotyped prayers either. in Chinese. After breakfast we had another That day and the next morning we accepted two hundred candidates. meeting and the great building was Then we adjourned, and after a service packed with over one thousand people. in the chapel went down to the river A little more than two years ago and baptized those who had been rehardly one of this multitude had even ceived before between 2,000 and 3,000 heard the Savior's name. Now two people. hundred and thirteen members sat down to the Lord's Supper. These people have no distinguishing names. There is "old big," "old two," On Tuesday from nine o'clock we "old three," "big sister" and "little went on till nearly midnight exam- sister"; so each one received a name. ining candidates for baptism. Twenty A levy was made on the pages of the or thirty of the members, representa- Old Testament as well as the New tives from the different villages, sat as Testament. Apostles and prophets, a court of elders to approve or declare kings and princes, ancient men and anything wrong in the life or pra~tise women of renown, were all repreof the candidate. It was a tremendous sented. These names were given them ordeal for most of them. A man came when they were entered as inquirers, in and sat on a stool before us with so that the missionary was not responthese twenty or thirty members sitting sible. There were Naomi and Rebekah, behind him, and was asked a series of Priscilla and Tryphena, Lois and questions which embraced all the prin- Eunice, and many more besides, while cipal articles of doctrine; the person of God, the Trinity, the incarnation, Asa and Jehoshaphat, Boaz and Solo-

AWAKENINGS AMONG CHINESE ABORIGINES 2II

man, Sosthenes and Alexander were ness of heathenism, you may imagine not forgotten. One old woman of over what praise and thankfulness to our seventy (she looked ninety) gave her great God and Savior welled up in my name as Jeconiah. This was too much, heart. Then I gave out the hymn, and I promptly changed it to Eve, as "We give immortal praise," and such more appropriate and easier to re- a thunder of praise w~nt up, the Savior member. must have entered into more of the "joy that was set before Him." For eight days our daily program was: from nine till two examining In all my journey I baptized I,II? candidates, then baptismal service, persons, and hundreds more of inevening meal, and after meeting again quirer'S are hoping to receive baptism examining till twelve or one o'clock. at a future visit. I could no more have We had eight days of baptisms as fol- held back than the apostle, when he asked: "Can any man forbid water, lows: 201,131,152,95,108,142, 128, 'that these should not be baptized?" The work is unquestionably of the and 12; 969 in all. Spirit. God has called them and re- vealed His Son in them, and to Him On the Wednesday at the conclusion and the Word of His grace we comof the baptismal service we observed mend them. He is able to keep them the Lord's Supper. Everyone had to and make them the first-fruits of a stand, as there was not space to sit. multitude who shall yet be gathered None but members were in the build- out from this people to the praise and ing, which was packed. There must glory of His name. Meanwhile, pray have been about 1,200 present. It was much for these our brethren and sisters a sight never to be forgotten. As I in the Lord, and, with me, magnify the stood up and looked over this multi- grace of God in them. tude gathered together to remember the Lord's dying love, these people so lately brought out of the dense dark- A CHINESE SERMON * Yesterday Mr. Li, one of the best by much money. And it seems very preachers of this district, who is con- probable that if Jewish women are at nected with the American Presbyte- all like Chinese women, she did not get rian Mission, spoke on Mary anoint- it all at once, but had gradually saved ing the feet of Christ. it, adding to it from time to time. But having saved it up, she bought the best He began by reminding us that we quality of ointment possible. thus were to remember Lot's wife. We showing the high esteem in which she were to remember her by way of warn- held the Lord, and also showing her ing, since she hankered after the goods reverence for Him. In all of which and pleasures of Sodom, but we were she leaves us an example. to remember this woman for an entirely different reason-she was will- "I have often noticed," he continued, ing to part with all out of love to her "that when a collection is taken and the Lord. The value of her gift was esti- money is counted out, there is usually mated by Judas at thirty taels, a fairly a fairly good number of small cash large sum in itself; ,but considering left, of little use to anybody. But now her position in life, representing a that the ten-cash pieces are used there much greater value. Now, Chinese is not so much of this as there used· women, he said, usually do not come to be, but then again the pieces are * In China there are between 8,000 and 9,000 native Christian workers of both sexes who either daily or on the Lord's Day are engaged in teaching and [reaching the Gospel. These men and women have advantages for reaching their own countrymen an women which the foreign worker can never enjoy_ On the other hand they have their own peculiar trials and temptations. The following outline of a Chinese sermon, on "Mary anointing the feet of Christ," may help friends at home to remember these workers for Christ in China. The sermon was preached by Mr. Li, of the American Presbyterian Mission, and the account was by F. W. Baller, of the C. I. M., to Ckina's Millions. _

fewer. Why, I have heard of one place only a Pharisee, and nothing specially where a large number of ten-cent good was to be expected of him. Let pieces were found among the money us imitate her courage and leave Him collected, but alas! when they were to care of our good name. Note 'rung' they were found to be coun- again how she availed herself of her terfeit! Brethren, this is not bringing only opportunity. We are told that forth the best, but the worst. In the she had kept this ointment against the days of Malachi they did something day of our Lord's buriaL Why did similar, bringing the blind and the she use it now? Was it the prescience diseased for an offering. Did the Lord of love, a standing in the secret of the accept them? Nay, verily, He told Lord, that -enabled her to see it might them to offer them to their governor . not be wanted later on and so she had and see if he would have them. Rom. better use it while she had the oppor- xii. I gives us the measure of our ser- tunity? Be that as it may, the fact re- vice, but even with this before us it mains that our Lord did not lack for is not uncommon to see one and anointing at His burial, since Joseph another asleep during divine service. and Nicodemus combined to furnish This is to be a cake not turned-cooked all the spices needed. We know how, up to a certain point, but not done when the women went to the sepul- thoroughly. cher, and anxiously asked, 'Who shall "Notice again that she showed a roll away the stone?' they found it good deal of courage and devotion by had already been rolled away and the wiping His feet with the hair of her body was not there. How glad Mary head. The Apostle Paul tells tis that must have been to feel that she did a woman's hair is her- glory, a senti- what she could while she could! So ment fully endorsed by the women of let it be with us; let us do what we China. As a rule we are not disposed can while opportunity is given to us.

to wash a person's feet unless we have She felt that she could do good to the a great regard for him. A mother, for poor when she would, they were al- example, will wash the feet of her ways with her, but she would not al- child. Even then to use the hands to ways have the Lord to minister to.

wipe the feet is as far as most people Love to Him was more than philan- go; but this woman used her hair, her thropy. It is good to do what we can glory, to show the high esteem in for the poor, but it is a· higher service which she held her Lord. The woman to do what we do with a desire to mentioned in Luke vii. did the same, serve Him. Many Christians, for ex- also showing the greatness of her re- ample, will give money for mere phil- gard. Both these women were criti- anthropic efforts, but look askance at cized-the one by outsiders, the other anything that has more directly for by profest disciples of our Lord. The its aim and object the glory of Christ: one was fI. sinner, but this woman was spiritual objects do not appeal to them.

of unblemished reputation. But she In our case, my brethren, we shall do braved all criticism, leaving her char- well to set His glory first, and we shall acter in her Lord's hands in order to surely find that the greater includes show her affection. And such criti- the less, and that the good of man is cism! They accused her of waste. Now well looked after by those whose first if a Chinese woman is accused of this aiD} is to glorify God."

it cuts her to the quick. Waste !-not Such, in brief outline, was our good to know how to use money when she brother's address. The spirit and fer- • gets it-this is a reproach hard to vor and power can not be transferred bear indeed. And to have this said to paper, but were worthy of the to her Apostles of whom she might theme. Pray for the preachers of Chi- have hoped better things! Simon's re- na and you will be doing a good ser- proach was hard enough, but he was vice to all the churches of China.

GRENFELL: A HERO OF THE KONGO*

BY REV. J. C. LAMBERT, D.D.

There have been few more striking the "Kongo Free State," and to the figures in the whole history of modern ensuing scramble of the European missions than Rev. George Grenfell, Powers for the biggest possible slices missionary and explorer, who died of the African Continent. But it was on July I, last, at Basoko, in the very also the means of establishing the heart of Central Africa, where the Uganda Mission of the Church Mis- Aruwimi River, flowing down from sionary Society and the Baptist Mis- the vast and gloomy forest of the Pyg- sion to the Kongo. It opened up for mies, pours its waters into the Kongo. Mackay and Hannington in the East; Grenfell's place is in the foremost and Grenfell, Comber, and Bentlev in files of that heroic company of African the West, the spheres of their magnifi- missionary travelers of which Liv- cent achievements. ingstone is the acknowledged leader. Born fifty-seven years ago at Mount The Kongo pioneers were all evan- Bay, near Penzance, England, and gelists, but Bentley had the gift of educated at King Edward's School in mastering new tongues, while Gren- • Birmingham, he entered a large busi- fell, like Livingstone, felt himself ness house in the Midland city. But especially called to the tasks of the ex- like many other distinguished mission- plorer. Stanley had roughly mapped aries-;like Coleridge, Patteson, James out the course of tlfe Kongo, but even Chalmers, and Alexander Mackay~ with regard to the main stream he had he caught the flaming enthusiasm of left a great deal to be done, and most his life suddenly from a predecessor in of the huge tributaries were unknown the field when he read of the work to the world. In the course of his of Alfred Saker, Christ's true apostle efforts to open up the way for the ad- to the Cameroons. A visit of Saker vance of the Gospel, Grenfell solved himself to Birmingham turned the one by one the chief hydrographical longing into an unmistakable call, and problems of that vast region. He dis- Grenfell gave up his business pros- covered the Lomami, one of the prin- pects, entered the Baptist College at cipal affiuents from the south, and un- Bristol, and on the completion of his. raveled the mystery that hung about theological course sailed for West Af- the origin of the Mobangi, the greatest rica, where he spent the remaining of all the northern tributaries. thirty-two years of his life. Grenfell's discoveries, says Sir Har- Grenfell's first sphere was Came- ry Johnston, are less sensational than roons, the land he had dreamed of those of Stanley, but much more val- and prayed to see, and only a few uable. Dr. Scott Keltie, Secretary of months after his arrival he laid his the Royal Geographical Society, sum- young wife to rest under the trees marizes their value by saying that it that shadowed the mission house. But is owing to Grenfell's labors that we Cameroons was not to be the scene of now possess an adequate conception of the character and extent of the mag- the distinctive work of his life. Be- nificent Kongo basin. "Few explorers tween 1874 and 1877 Stanley made in any part of the world," the Times his great march across Africa and affirms, "have made such extensive down the course of the Kongo from and valuable contributions to geo- Lualaba to the Atlantic. It was an graphical knowledge as this modest epoch-making expedition, whether re- missionary, who, had he possest the garded from the political or the evan- ambition of men who have not done gelical point of view. It led to the a tithe of his work, would have been founding of what is now known by loaded with honors." Honors Gren- one of those ironies of language as fell never sought. But his merits were * Condensed from the united Free Chnrch of Scotland Missionary Record.

recognized by the Royal Geographical 2,CXJO miles. On his return a Bel- Society when it bestowed its gold medal upon him in 1887, and when it gian official who had heard of this published as authoritative, tho on a much reduced scale, his map of the daring feat came to see the cylinder, Kongo, which Dr. Scott Keltie describes as the work of half a lifetime. and exprest his astonishment. "As Livingstone did most of his explo- tho," said Grenfell afterward, "a man ration on his two legs. By Grenfell's time the age of steam had come even would be put off a planned trip bein Africa, and the Kongo basin offered a network of splendid waterways. His cause he had blown out the head of work was mainly done with the help of the little steamer Peace. On the his cylinder and had not a spare one!" Kongo and its affluents he wore out the Peace as he wore out himself, in In the early days of the mission constant service, until, as he remarked toward the end, "You can put your "perils by the heathen," as well as fingers through the bottom plates almost anywhere you like. But," he "perils of rivers," had to be faced. added, with a kind of prophetic consciousness, "she will probably outlast Fierce cannibal tribes dwelt along the me yet." river banks, among whom Grenfell From first to last Grenfell's connection with his little steamer illustrates went with his life in his hand. The bis extraordinary practical resource- Peace had to be fitt~d with a screen of fulness no less than his genius for exploration; Through the death of the wire netting as a protection against engineers who should have taken charge of the reconstruction and man- spears and poisoned arrows. Someagement of the vessel, she was handed over to him at Stanley Pool in eight times there came awkward moments hundred sections. He was no engineer; and to anyone but an engineer when a man of less nerve would have it must have seemed at first that this heterogeneous pile of iron plates, steel been likely to use his rifle; bUi this bars, rods, bolts, nuts, and screws dumped down on the bank of the Kon- brave adventurer of Christ never failed go was of little more use than so much scrap-iron. Yet, with no one to help to extricate himself by sheer firmness him but some native boys, he put the boat together, engines and all, launched and tact. Once the engines had been her into the stream, and found her as taut and trim and manageable as brought to a complete standstill by an. could be desired. Thenceforth to the end of his life her engines were his encompassing flotilla of canoes manned delight. If anything went wrong in the engine-room his shirt was off in by hostile cannibals. Spears began to a twinkling, and he was downstairs to slave for hours in the stifling heat. rattle in showers against the wire Once when he had just started on a voyage up the Lomami Riyer the top guards, and the outlook was very of the cylinder was shattered by an explosion. He fitted on a wooden top, ominous. With his wife and child on and proceeded on his expedition of board, Grenfell might almost have been excused if he had thought him- self justified in putting on full steam and making a rush for safety, even at the cost of running down two or three canoes. Instead of this he quietly called his wife on deck. "Come up here, Patience," he said, "and hold up the baby." And as the warriors gazed open-mouthed at the woman and the child, he steered the Peace through the surrounding maze, and slipt beyond the spear range before they recovered from their astonishment.

How different it was in later years, when the face of Tala-Tala (Grenfell's native name) was familiar up anti down the Kongo and its tributaries for thousands of miles, and the Peace· was known to come as the messenger of the good tidings. One who accom- panied his leader on some of these later voyages draws for us a p~ctur~ of what he witnessed. The day s sall ionver~ the steamer has come to anchor sheltered corner of the wide

GRENFELL: A HERO OF THE KONGO 21

stream. At once joyous sounds of I am proud of them no longer." Then, welcome and preparation are heard sadly but firmly, he discarded them .ising into the evening air. Soon a forever..

large canoe pushes out from the fringe For this bold action, as well as for of reeds along the bank and shoots his frank and strong utterances in the swiftly across the water, propelled by English press, he had to pay dearly.

many pairs of stout arms; while, His work was thwarted by the Belgian keeping time with the plash of the officials, and he was subjected to gross paddles, a chorus of strong voices rolls insults. But what grieved him most of out "All hail, the power of Jesus' all, and whitened his hair and hastened name" in the much-loved native ver- his end, was his knowledge of the sion. Then the face of the great mis- atrocious cruelties to which millions of sionary lights up with a smile of rap- helpless people were subjected, and the turous joy and gratitude, and seizing fading away of all his bright hopes for his companion's arm he exclaims, "Oh, the speedy emancipation of the Kongo thank God that I have lived to see this races from their darkness and pain.

day!" As the recognized leader of the Mr. Grenfell, it must always be re- English Baptist Mission on the Kongo, membered, was a Christian missionary Grenfell's place was ever in the van.

first of all. With him, as with Living- He had lately pushed up the main stone, exploration was simply a means stream far past its junction with the to an end, and that end was the proc- Aruwimi, and had founded a new sta-'

lamation of the everlasting Gospel. tion at Yalemba, taking it under his At first his relations with the Kongo personal charge. Indeed, had the authorities were of the most cordial Peace not been so old, he would have kind. He had welcomed the founding cut her into sections once more, car- of the Free State in the hope that it ried her round the rapids at Stanley would do much to uplift the native Falls, put hfr together again on the races, and he had great faith in the higher waters, and prest steadily on philanthropic professions and prom- toward the sources of the mighty ises of King Leopold himself. The stream. But impaired health had made government, moreover, showed him him subject to severe attacks of ma- no small signs of favor. It appointed larial fever, and a prolonged attack him to carry out the delimitation of developed finally into. blackwater fever the frontier between its own territories -that terrible foe of the white man in and those of Portuguese West Africa tropical Africa. From his lonelysta- -a task which he discharged so much tion the Peace carried him for the last to the satisfaction of both parties that time down the river to Basoko, where he was decorated by the Kirig of at least there would be one or two Portugal as well as by King Leopold white faces beside him when he died.

of Belgium. It was one of Grenfell's many proj- When the scandalous maladminis- ects to carry the Gospel beyond Stanley tration of the Kongo began to force Falls, and to traverse the regions wa- itself upon his notice, Mr. Grenfell re- tered by the Aruwimi and the Ituri, to ceived a terrible shock. For long he pierce the hidden depths of the Pygmy hoped against hope, trying hard to be- Forest, and plant a line of missionary lieve that the king would not fail to posts to Uganda. In this way he rectify abuses when they were brought would have stretched the fair girdle to his notice. But at last his faith in of Christian truth across the Continent, the administrative power was utterly from Boma on the Atlantic coast to destroyed, and on the visit of the Com- Momba,a on the Indian Ocean. He mission of Inquiry to Mr. Grenfell's has not lived to see it done. But more house, he said to the commissioners than imy other man he has prepared with becoming dignity, "I have been the way for it, and hastened the day proud to wear the king's decorations. when his dream shall come true.

EI)ITORIALS

PRAYER AS A HABIT Urgent motives for sending the Gospel to the "heathen" may no doubt There is no one habit so necessary be presented by showing the present to the power of a disciple's life, and hells of fear and degradation, of 'po- the effectiveness of his work, as that lygamy, tyranny and slavery and sin of prayer-not simply an occasional that exist in countries which have not half hour of supplication, however the blessings of the Gospel of Christ. earnest, but a habitual frame of prayer Those who do not respond to the old that makes direct and definite petition motive of future punishment may be natural and spontaneous, at any time aroused by the need of present salva- and about anything. Prayerful con- tion from the sins and penalties of the tact with God keeps us charged with present, and may with reason be ex- the vital current of God's life and pected to put forth all their efforts to power, so that every touch on the part put a stop to the degradation of the of others brings out "virtue" from us, heathen by white men who damn men as from the Master. Weare not to an~ women by opium and intoxicants, think of prayer as extraordinary and whIch are sold to them for greed of exceptional, but as common and habit- ual. There is an attitude and aptitude gain and that make them more savage of mind and heart, that is prayer in than before. It is sixteen years since .-pirit, like electricity in storage—only the movement for the prohibition of waiting for the occasion to become the liquor traffic among uncivilized prayer in action. Any employment or races began in the treaty of seventeen enjoyment that would be unfavorable nations at Brussels that wrote "Zone to the prayer spirit is therefore inex- de Prohibition" in the heart of Africa pedient if not positively sinful. the only large section of the world where the liquor traffic is not in- "Pray without ceasing." Does any creasing to-day. one say this is hard to do? Impossible and impracticable? Hear the testimony It is a great national shame and of the brave soldier, busy teacher and crime that the American merchant energetic worker, Stonewall Jackson: marine, under protection of the navy, "I have so fixt the habit in my own mind that I never raise a glass of for every missionary sent to unen- water to my lips without asking God's lightened lands, imports 70,000 gal- blessing; never seal a letter without lons of alcoholic drink! A "Christian putting a word of prayer under the nation" on one hand sends Bibles and . seal; never take a letter from the post missionaries, and on the other pours without a brief sending of my thoughts hogsheads of this liquid fire to drown heavenward; never change my classes men in destruction and perdition-rum in the lecture room without a minute's petition for the cadets who go out and to debauch and enslave, dethrone those who come in:" reason, and ruin body and soul. It is every Christian's duty to protest THE MOTIVE FOR MISSIONS against this traffic and to support the work for Christ. The Outlook some time ago declared that a new motive is needed for mis- But the real motive for missions is siom;. No doubt this is the case with found in the command of Christ to His many who now .have not Christ's followers: ·"Go, teach, baptize; I am motive or who have no motive at all. with you." That motive is sufficient The fate of sinners, whether in heathen for any true Christian. Other con- lands or at home, does not deeply move siderations give zest to our work and men's hearts as when churches were lead us to engage in it mOre joyously composed of those who felt that all and with a greater spirit of self-sacri- men out of harmony with Christ must fice. Our own debt to Christ and the flee from' "the wrath to come." knowledge of the present condition and future fate of those who know Him not; the past and present transformations wrought by the Gospel and more; we never heard the like before."

many other motives of love and loyalty The savages were subdued. The to God and our fellow men should stranger was safe from their spears, make us ready to give our lives and and welcomed to their huts and best all that we have to forward this great hospitality. The Cross has never lost campaign for the spiritual conquest of its charm. the world. THE GROWTH OF MILITARISM THE CHARM OF CALVARY Prof. Calvin M. Woodward, in his In Doctor Mabie's marvelous book, recent address before the American "The Meaning and Message of the Association for the Advancement of Cross," he tells, among many beauti- Science, contrasts the arts of peace and ful incidents, a story of Rev. Edward of war, and calls attention to the subtle Payson Scott, Baptist missionary in way in which the warlike spirit is Assam, an incident which he heard growing. He compares the St. Louis him narrate. Exposition, of I904, with the projected Mr. Scott was strongly moved to Jamestown Exposition of 1907. visit, a wild hill tribe-the Nagas, In the former, for seven months, the three days' journey from his station, nations of the world vied with each whereas yet he had made only a start other to exhibit the triumphs of the in the Naga language and had to take Pacific inventions and industries, in a a Naga' teacher along. He was strongly great educational institute, with mil- urged by the British resident officer lions of docile pupils and students.

not to run such risk, but he could not Science, the mechanic and fine arts, all be deterred; and, when an escort of that pertains to world-wide commerce soldiers was offered him, he firmly and popular training of brain and declined, as it would defeat the very brawn, had there an illustration; while end in view, which was to go as a the inventions and appliances of war messenger of peace. A military escort took at least a subordinate place. It would give a false impression of his was a great school of instruction 'Yhole spirit and motive. rather than of destruction-in which So with a native companion he set the nations were inspired to build up out, and when they reached the base rather than pull down-to cultivate the of the mountain ridge where the na- amenities of life rather than the hos- tive village crowned the summit, and tilities of mutual strife.

began the ascent, the alarmed villa- But, in the coming exposition at gers forming in battle line waved their Norfolk, Va., military and naval ex- spears in menace, the chief crying out, hibits and evolutions crowd out all "Halt! we know you ! You are the else, and the prominence is designedly man of the British Queen, come to given to the science and art of war- make us prisoners and carry off our fare, as tho a nation's most legit- children. Come no nearer!" imate boast were that it excels in the The missionarv drew out his violin, ability:, capacity ani machinery for and began to sing in the native tongue, battle-by land and sea-overawing "Alas, and did my Savior bleed!" all other nations by the fear of supe- When he had sung one verse, the chief rior preparations for carrying on ag- and his warriors had already thrust gressive and destructive campaigns!

their spears into the ground and Even in time of peace, war must needs broken ranks. As Mr. Scott sang on, lift up her blood-red arm in threat- about the amazing pity, grace, love ening. Professor Woodward utters a shown when the Maker died for the timely warning against the tendency sin of thE' creature, the w"ild men began to cultivate a taste for war, and con- to creep down the hillside, nearer and tends that the mischievous maxim, "In nearer; and the chief cried out, time of peace prepare for war," mis- "Where did you learn that? Sing us leads not only inexperienced youth but

mature statesmen. It multiplies arse- We have but to read the news from nals and forts, standing armies and Russia, France, Italy, and in fact from fleets of destroyers; the mimicry of all quarters of the earth, to see that, war becomes the pastime of school- wherever socialism prevails, anarchy boys, and even our churches have their follows; and that men are not content brigades. Young lads learn to pride with free speech or a free press, but themselves on a military uniform and abandon all peaceful methods of argu- the expert handling of arms-and the ment and persuasion for the dagger, science of shooting men with the great- bullet, and bomb of the assassin. Surely est success in numbers and fatality be- any doctrine that is true needs no such comes the dominant science of civiliza- substitutes for logic and love.

tion. Is there not meaning and value THE ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF GOD in these cautions? The cure for anarchy is the ac- THE FRUITS OF ANARCHY knowledgment of God in personal While some respectable people lend and public affairs. The convention careless sanction to the subtle teach- now framing a constitution for the ings of socialism, it is well to mark new State of Oklahoma, at Guthrie, how its fruits are increasingly disas- adopted a preamble, distinctly ac- trous. Like many other modern move- knowledging the need of divine guid- ments, in which liberty is the nominal ance in human affairs. Before the watchword, license would be the truer convention, a few citizens of the new motto; and, while it is legitimate to State combined to prevent this, peti- protect and even promote self-interest, tioning that there should be no men- violent measures, for securing even tion of God or Jesus Christ. The pres- such ends, are rarely justified and only ident of the convention, Han. "V. H.

in desperate crises. Daniel O'Connell's Murray, insisted that the very first agitations were bloodless, and his clause should acknowledge God, and maxim was that "no revolution is himself presented the preamble which worth a drop of humar: blood." There was adopted, as follows: "Invoking is nowadays a national protest against the guidance of Almighty God in order monopolies, and the huge hoards of to secure and perpetuate the blessing wealth on the part of a few are re- of liberty, to secure a just and right- garded as a menace to the many; but ful government, to promote mutual the use 'of murderous weapons does welfare and happiness, we, the people not remedy, but rather increases, the of Oklahoma, do ordain and establish evils society is curst with. this constitution." This led some re- On January 5,a man named Steele porters to ridicule the convention as a walked into a large bank in the Bullitt . theological body, a prayer-meeting, Building in Philadelphia and de- and a Methodist class-meeting. The manded money. Before an answer Christian sentiment prevailed and we could be given a bomb, carried pre- hope the character of the newly-estab- sumably as an argument to enforce his lished commonwealth may accord with demand, either fell or was thrown to this constitutior.al recognition of God.

the floet. Steele was blown to pieces, Another similar acknowledgment of the bank cashier instantly killed, a God was made when the Rev. Dr.

messenger blinded for life, and lesser Henry A. Buchtel, Chancellor of Den- injuries and great damage inflicted. ver University, was inaugurated as Investigat;on shows this man to Governor of Colorado. For the first have been a socialist, and the son of a time such inauguration took place in socialist, who probably had been a church. By: the governor's wish, the taught as a lad the "real truths" of the oath of office was administered, and socialist propaganda regarding prop- his inaugural address delivered to the erty, and was prepared desperately to Legislature, in Trinity Methodist enforce his lawless demands. Episcopal Church, which he aided largely in building, while pastor. He worthy candidates offering for the concluded with a prayer, followed by work, for the sake of the pay. For the Lord's Prayer, in which joined a like reason, it would probably be many of the 2,500 who attended the disastrous should the salaries of min- ceremonies. The governor said: "All isters of the Gospel average those our people, all railway officials, in- of other learned professions. Large vestors and prospective citizens of money compensation in ministerial Colorado must understand that the day work has always been attended with of political vagaries has passed for- degeneration in the worker! Nor ever in this State, and that men of must we lose sight of the fact that practical sense with breadth of view the ministry differs from all other em- and moral integrity are now in con- ployments, in being especially a divine tro!''' vocation and not a human profession. When any man has in view the salary MONEY AND STEWARDSHIP attached to it, he sinks himself beneath the high level of an ambassador of It is an undoubted sign of the times Christ. However unpalatable doctrine that such vast sums are nowadays to a worldly mind, this is self-evident given to educational and philanthropic truth to a spiritual man: money never work-in 1906, a grand total of nearly becomes, consciously or unconsciously, $60,000,000. Over $18,000,000 went an object-not to say the object-to to education; over $II,OOO,ooo to gal- a preacher or a missionary, without leries, museums, etc. ; about $6,000,000 damage to the whole quality of his to asylums and hospitals; and about work. No true minister will envy the the same sum to miscellaneous char- doctor or lawyer his great fees while ities. Only about $3,000,000, how- he remembers the self-sacrifice of His ever, went to church work, as such. Master, and that like Him, we must be content to "bleed, if we are to It is a wonder with many that no bless." one seems moved to give such princely sums to missions, as one man has A fine example of stewardship is given to one university, and another manifested by the will of Samuel P. to his pet library scheme. With all Harbison, head of the Harbison-Walthis growth of benevolence, till it ker Company of Pittsburg. One parareaches about $1,000,000 a week, mis- graph reads: sion boards still struggle with deficits, or have to cut their garments accord- I have no provision in my will for any ing to their cloth, narrowing expendi- charitable bequests, as I have, during my ture everywhere. And yet mission life, administered largely· on my own eswork represents in itself all these vari- tate and have, from year to year, given to ous forms of beneficence. It organizes the Lord's work and other charities as tho first-class schools and colleges, needs it were my last. This course I expect to libraries, builds hospitals and dispen- pursue so long as I may live. In leaving saries, and maintains orphanages and my estate to my family, it is my hope that asylums. Why, then, do not some great they may act on the same principle, rememgivers find in their hearts to give bering that the "King's business requires money by the n'!1llions to missionary haste," and that what we do for Him enterprises? onght to be done quickly, so that, should He come in my time or in your time, we We can only conclude that the Lord be not found with His money in our hands is th14s retnilldillg us that the sai'l!ation that ought to be out doing service in His of the church is to be in straits. Full cause. overflowing ·coffers would lead to carelessness in expenditure, prayerlessness If every Christian would remember in management, and a carnal confi- that they are merely stewards of dence generally. Were the mission- all their possessions-talents, time, ary resources of the church very am- strength, influence, money-there ple, it might tempt men to cupidity, un- would be no deficiency of cash for God's work. "It is required of stew- ards that they be found faithfu1."

MISSIONARY

AMERICA ly held, will not allow his building to be registered as a church, so the meet- The Earthquake in Jamaica ings have been given up.

The terrible destruction of Kings- The Mexican Herald describes the ton, the capital of Jamaica, by an results of what was called,a "Jericho earthquake on Monday, January 14th, Campaign" in the Trinity Methodist has excited sincere simpathy for' the Episcopal Church in the City of Mexsufferers. The churches and missions ico. On Sunday, October 21, the pasof the Moravians and Baptists have tor, the Rev. E. M. Hill, received from been destroyed with the others. The the congregation subscription amount- Moravian Church has carried on work ing to $10,000 for the building fund in Kingston since 1&]2, and thanks of the church. This meeting was the to the energy, zeal, and ability shown last ·of a series which began in the by Mr. Reinke, a fairly strong congre- church on the preceding Monday. gation of some 350 persons has been This subscription is considered rebuilt up. markable as the members of that con- gregation do not belong to the wealthy Kingston was founded in Itl93-the class, most of the givers being salaried year after the great earthquake which workers. A building fund of $100,000 destroyed the neighboring town of is desired to erect a parsonage and Port Royal-being built in a valley church for the English speaking people rising gradually from the bay toward of Mexico City. the foot of the Liguanea Mountains. The population is about 50,000, of A Young People's Convention in Cuba whom perhaps one-third were whites. The destruction of the capital will be Last June the first "young people's a severe blow to the island. convention" of Cuba was held in Ma- tanzas. 128 delegates, from 35 Sun- The Mission of the Disciples has day-schools and 20 young people's also suffered, as their churches and the societies, from all parts of the island, homes of the missionaries have been were present. It was an inspiring destroyed, The loss of property has sight to see so many enthusiastic been great and will be hard to bear, young people telling what had been but the people of Jamaica are taking done, and planning a more active camup the work of rebuilding and new paign for the future. advance in fine spirit. The missionaries of the Church of England, Baptist, Religion in Guatemala Moravians, Wesleyans and Disciples' Societies will need help from England Opportunities to witness and and America to rebuild their houses work for Christ in Guatemala were of worship. never so abundant as now. The president has proclaimed absolute Law and the Gospel in Mexico religious liberty, and has fully dem- onstrated that he means to punish Since the new law enacted last June, any violation of this law. We hear the missionaries have not been allowed daily of those who are turning in to hold religious services in any private disgust from the meaningless forms house unless it is registered as a and ceremonials of the Roman church; nor arty funeral service at a Church. Now is the time to preach, cemetery. Formerly many new people teach, and live the pure Gospel, as were met at these services who had never before, or the people will turn never been present at other meetings. to infidelity. Our force and equip- Violation of the law makes the mis- ment are so meager that often we sionaries liable to a fine of from $20 are tempted to feel as tho we could do little or nothing, but, thank' God, :0 $200. The owner of the house in C;)atepec, where services were formerthe promise of our God makes us in New York for the Home Mission sure that there can be no such thing Board of the Presbyterian Church. as failure. which will be taken apart in sections Holy Week is just over. Images and shipped to the Panama Canal of Christ, the Virgin, and the saints zone, where it will be erected for the have been carried through the Presbyterian mission there. The port- streets in "religious" processions. able building is made of the best qual- You have no idea of the remarkable ity of wood, and will cost $ro,ooo, a and grotesque commingling of the good part of which has already been doctrines of Romanism with such received. This is the first instance in forms and practises as have proved American missionary work where a . attractive to the people and held portable church has been constructed their allegiance. It made my heart for use in a foreign country. The ache to see the women following the church proper will seat 300 persons, image of the Virgin Mary about the and in the structure there will be streets, mumbling prayers and burn- rooms for gymnasium purposes, Bible ing candles before it. The Mother studies and social gatherings. The of Jesus receives most of the atten- Presbyterian work in Colon was be- tion of the people. In the 'book "The gun a year ago, under the immediate Glories of Mary" you will find these charge of the Rev. J. J. Gilpin words: "Mary is the only hope of Fletcher. Work has so far been con- sinners." The following is a trans- ducted in a tent under conditions total- lation of ,a notice whic'h appeared ly unsuited to the climate. The nu- during the week before a big church cleus of a congregation has been gath- fiesta: ered among American residents and Great fair at the Church of Mercy! Glory canal employes.

to God in the highest and to the Virgin of The Y. M. C. A. in Panama Mercy. Peace on earth to all who con- tribute to the fair. Everybody come and Within three months the Y. M. C. A. have a good time and see what you draw, has contracted with the Canal Combeside the favor of the Virgin of Mercy mission for the erection in the zone reserved for you in Heaven.

One day, sitting opposite me in by the government of seven buildings the mule car, was a woman of the in which, when completed, the 5,000 middle class. She was telling a or more young Americans in Panama friend who sat next her about an ex- may receive instruction, entertainment, perience which she had had the and helpful fellowship. night before while watching a dis- There was a time two years ago play of fireworks in the park. There when the same work proposed by us was an accident and her dress was was not favorably received, the idea badly burned, but she received no being that too much religion in canal harm personally. Her friend ex- construction might not be a good claimed, "How lucky!" The woman thing; but now the work is considered replied, "Why, nothing could hap- of the utmost importance.

pen to me, for I stopt at the ca- Re1igious Reforms in Bolivia thedral on my way to the park and put myself in the care of the Virgin The days are passing when the great and burned two candles to her." hindrance to Protestant missions in May the day soon come when South America was the hostile attitude such teaching will be counteracted of the Roman Catholic government.

by the knowledge of the all-sufficient These sister republics are one by one Savior !-Woman's Work. separating religion from politics and A Portable Church for Panama are proclaiming liberty of conscience to all.

A building for church purposes and Bolivia is one of the last to fall into au~i1iary work is being constructed the line of progress. We have already

noted her legislation in this direction, Pope's shackles. Spain is vacillating but it may be encouraging to call at- between freedom and bondage to Rome, and Portugal will soon follow tention to the passage of a law on her into liberty. Ardent Roman Cath- olics see in these movements a desire August 27 last, which amends the con- to be free from religion, but they are stitution so as to permit the public an effort to attain freedom for religion exercise of any religious worship. and emphasize the need for missiona- ries who can teach the truth of God Mr. George Allan sends us a list and the way of life in Christ so as to of the reforms effected by the liberal win men to Him.

government since 1899. This list was New Missionary Secretaries printed by an opposition paper to prove that the government is under- Mr. Van Ogden Vogt has left the mining the State Church. After giv- United Society of Christian Endeavor ing the list the editor adds : "We are to become secretary of the Young Peomarching with long and rapid strides ple's Department of the Presbyterian Home Board. Mr. Vogi's coming toward the separation of Church and means that this work in its broadening State." development of study classes, summer assemblies, and kindred gatherings, I. In 1899 the "temporal supplies" of the and its general growth in presbyteries archbishop were reduced. and synods, makes it almost obliga- tory to increase the force of represen- II. The law of February 6th, 1900, can- tative workers. Mr. Vogt will now enceled the liberty to teach in distinctly re- deavor to throw all the power of his ligious schools, and placed all schools un- life into the greater development of der the university council. an intelligent loyalty to home missions among the young people of the Pres- III. Religious societies are prohibited byterian Church. from receiving alms for charitable purposes without the supervision of the municipal Rev. Henry Otis Dwight, LL.D., authorities. formerly of Constantinople and re- cently Secretary of the Bureau of Mis- IV. The government assists in the nom- sions, has recently been elected Recordination of administrators of the estates be- ing Secretary of the American Bible longing to monastic institutions. Society. Doctor Dwight's experience on the field, his knowledge of missions, V. The government has withdrawn those and his high order of literary ability sums that were payable to poor curacies will mean much added force to the that received no help from the diocese. able corps of secretaries in this great society. VI. The articles of the penal code which awarded severe punishments for crimes Another change in office that will against the Church (death for plotting) interest all is the resignation of Mr. have been modified, and applies equally in the protection of all forms of religion. J. Campbell White from the position VII. Many church festivals have been in charge of the Forward Movement secularized. of the United Presbyterian Church that he may become Secretary of the VIII. Article II of the Constitution has new Laymen's Missionary Movement. been reformed, giving liberty of worship. In our opinion, no better man could have been found for this important IX. The "Fuero" (i. e., the privilege of and growing work. exemption from being judged by civil law) has been taken from the priests. Religious Statistics for 1906 X. Article III of the law of 1880, which The annual presentment of statissubstituted the land tax for the tithes paid tics of the churches of the United to the Church, has been abolished. States, compiled by Dr. H. K. Carroll, XI. At the present time (October 15th, I gOO ) a proj ect is under consideration by Cortgress for the suppression of novitiates in convents and monasteries, and prohibiting the immigration of foreign priests. The passing of this measure into law is almost certain.

No land will have peace and prosperity while its laws and institutions prevent liberty of conscience and worship. Russia is to-day suffering for bigotry, the exclusion of Christian mis- sionaries and the oppression of the Jews. France has just shaken off the

GENERAL MISSIONARY INT.E:LLIGENCE

appears in The Christian Advocate, baptized-old and young. Following and shows the net gain of all denomi- the Roman Catholic denomination nations in 1906 as 4,300 ministers, comes the Methodist (17 bodies), with 3,635 churches, and 870,389 communicants. The Roman Catholic Church 6,551,891 communicants; then the Baptists, with 5,I40,77o; the Lutherreports II,143.455 communicants, with ans, with 1,957.433; the Presbyterians, a gain of 259,548; but the writer ex- with 1,771,877; the Congregationalplains that the figures are not the re- ists, with 1,264,758, and the remainsult of an actual count, but are derived der with less than a million each. from estimates of "population," Catholic "population" including all persons The following table shows the .rela- tive gains or decreases (d): 1906 SUMMARY' FOR 1906 NET GAINS FOR DENOMINATIONS 51 • ..!.::-rJ) u05"'l':::l Adventists (6 bodies} ………………. . 1,565 95.437 52 8 93,152 Baptists' (14 bodies) ………………… . 38,010 5,140,770 16 dloo Brethren (River) (3 bodies) …………. . Brethren (Plymouth) (4 bodies) ……… . 173 4,239 677 9,083 Buddhist (Chinese) …………………. . 6,661 17,500 Buddhist and Shintoist (Japanese) ……. . 15,369 104 Catholics (9 bodies) ……………….. .. 95 II ,143,455 201 1,975 1,49 1 24 17 Catholic Apostolic ………………….. . 1,348 1,277 d5 Christadelphians …………………… . 104 10,601 Christian' Connection………………… . 101,597 26 29,464 Christian Catholic (Dowie) ………….. . 1,326 40,000 678 4,883 Christian Scientists ………•…………. 80,197 75 12,361 Christian Union ……………………. . 20I 17,500 57 dl,663 Church of God (Winebrennarian) …….. . 41,475 Church of the New Jerusalem ………… . 499 54 52 ,107 Communistic Societies (6 bodies} …….. . 128 8,084 II6,087 3,084 8 12,600 Congregationalists ………………….. . 5,959 694,92 3 Disciples of Christ………………….. . 7,153 1,264,758 92 642 Dunkards (4 bodies) ……………….. .. 3,241 121,194 287 I I 6,475 Evangelical (2 bodies) ………………. . 1,508 179,339 Friends (4 bodies)………………. '" .. 1,466 I I 8,752 54 341 Friends of the Temple…………… '" .. 29 48,006 German Evangelical Protestant ……….. . 4 340 1,165 19,365 German Evangelical Synod…………… . 100 20,000 d2 17,337 Jews (2 bodies) ……………………. . 964 228,420 55 Latter-Day Saints (2 bodies) ……… " .. . 301 140,000 49 131 Lutherans (23 bodies) ………………. . 1,652 96,354 74 Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant. .. . 7,872 1,957,433 29,500 Mennonites (12 bodies) …………….. .. 345 46,000 2 d56 Methodists (17 bodies) ……………… '. 1,240 61,690 Moravians ……………………….. :'. 41,483 6,55 1,SgI 12,226 Presbyterians (12 bodies) ……………. . 130 16,923 Protestant Episcopal (2 bodies) ….. '" .. . 12,705 1,771,877 2,190 Reformed (3 bodies) ………………… . 5,258 846,492 Salvation Army…………………….. . 2,044 422,359 Schwenkfe1dians …………………… . 3,773 28,.=;00 Social Brethren …. : ………………… . 5 731 So~i~ty ~or Ethical Culture …………… . 17 913 Splrttuaitsts ……………………….. . 1,700 Theosophical Society………………… . 2,247 295,000 Un~te~ Brethren (2 bodies) ………….. . 544 2,607 UmtarIans ………………………… . 720 286,238 Universalists ………………………. . 54 71,000 Independent Congregations …………… . 55,83 1 14,126 Grand total in 1906…………… 159,503 32,283,658 Grand total in 1905 …………… 1 155,203 I 31,413,26g ——————~——~——–

Conference of the Foreign Mission Boards new Committee on "Reference and The fourteenth annual meeting of Counsel" (to take the place of the the conference of the Foreign Mission former- committee on "Reference and Boards of the United States and Arbitration"), with Rev. Dr. Arthur Canada was held in Philadelphia, J an- uary 9 and 10. J. Brown of New York as chairman.

The first session began, after devo- Its chief work will be the prevention tional exercises, with a paper upon the of the overlapping of enterprise; the . Laymen's Missionary Movement by di vision and allotment of new fields; President Capen, of the American united effort in common cause against Board. In outlining the new move- the sale of opium in China, the treat- ment Doctor Capen said: ment of the Koreans by the Japanese; the atrocities in the Kongo; and the This is not a new missionary board to creation of public sentiment in favor collect or administer funds; it is not a of foreign missionary endeavor movement to raise up and send out mis- throughout the English s)eaking sionaries; not to seek to use its influence countries. among young business men, students or women; not an interdenominational move- The Miasions Boards and the Kongo ment to make a new missionary brother- At this conference among the main hood. It is: 1. A promoting agency to facilitate work topics discust were: The Force alreadv under way. Needed for the World's Evangeliza- tion, The Independence of the Native 2. A missionary movement to reach the Church, The Press and Missionary In- telligence, and The Next Ecumenical whole world in this generation. 3. It is a laymen's missionary movement.

It' is for the mature business men of to-day who now have in hand the money which Conference. Secretary Barbour, of they can give if they will. 4. It is an effort to get all denominations the Missionary Union, presented the report of the Committee on Russia. to work more closely together than ever The conference agreed unanimously to before.

How can this be done? forward tc President Roosevelt, the First, by having a large central committee. United States Senate, and King Ed- Secondly, it is the purpose to work ward an appeal on behalf of the through existing organizations wherever' stricken people of the· Kongo State.

possible.

Thirdly, we recommend to foreign mis- The appeal is made in the name of sion boards the organizing of campaigns to forty missionary organizations, whose work is carried on in all sections of arouse interest. the world, and the petition interprets Fourth, by devising some plan to get men to pledge themselves to positive obligations toward mission work . the sentiment elf their constituency of Fifth, by reaching mature business men upward of 20,000,000 of Christian men through parlor conferences and dining- and women. room caucuses.

Sixth, possibly by dividing missionary We speak with deep conviction concernwork among the local churches the laymen ing this issue, says the appeal, because we are intimately associated with many resmay underwrite the budget. Seventh, by having an agreement among idents of the Kongo State by whom the con- ditions have been disclosed. . . . The laymen to devote a few moments at a certain hour of the day to silent prayer for request which we, like the great company missionary work. of petitioners of both g-overnments outside Eighth, by publishing and distributing our constituency, are urging asks only for leaflets containing short, pithy facts about such impartial action as shall give authorthe movement. itative revelation of actual facts and insure Ninth, by sending a commission of lay- correction of such wrongs as shall be dism~n. abroad at an early date to inspect our closed. . . . We would earnestly urge mIssIons. that no device of the ruler of the Kongo State, whether wholesale aspersion of Tenth, by the gradual union of men of all motive or of evasion of accountability denominations into a great missionary through promotion of transfer of territory party.

An important work of the Con- to a government of which he is himself the head, sl1a11 be allowed to cloud the issue of ference was the appointment of the international responsibility for immediate

19°7] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

ascertainment of conditions and correction ciety for the Propagation of Christian of wrongs. . . . In the name of human- Knowledge, and in 1701 the S. P. G., ity, of international justice, of regard for were formed, incorporated with refthe primal rights of man, we would ask that erence to plantations and colonies beyou will use the full power reposed in gov- yond the seas; in 1792 the Baptist ernments by the Supreme Ruler in the in- Missionary Society and Religious terest of an immediate discharge by the na- !ract Society, which in the first year tions of their responsibility of guardianship Issued 200,000 tracts; in r804 the Britover the remnant of the humble people who ~sh and Foreign Bible Society, the first a generation ago, without choice of their 111 England for Bible dissemination. own, were brought out of their isolation into relations with the world of men and Last Year's Salvation Army Work States. A vast amount of information about It has been clearly proved that King Leopold maintained an expensive the Salvation Army is found in "The lobby in Washington to prevent our government from advocating reforms. Year Book for 1907." There is a his- On January 25th the Senate Com- tory of the Army's doings. Its "Great mittee on Foreign Relations favorably reported the Resolution introduced by Mission Field" is reviewed, continent Senator Lodge, reading as follows: by continent, and country by country. Resolved, That in the opinion of the Senate of the United States, the affairs of Preparations are being made to "open the Kongo Free State should be made the subject of international inquiry and the fire" in Austria. There are 37 divis- Senate respectfully advises the president that in any step he may deem it wise to ions, l,r72 ordinary corp>;, 91 "circle" take in this direction, in cooperation with, or in aid of, any of the Powers signatory corps, and 136 additional societies. of the Treaty of Berlin, which shall seek to ameliorate the conditions of the Kongo Free There are 756 homes and branches ~rine State, he will receive its cordial support. which some 50,000 distrest people For some reason or prejudice or assisted daily. About 1.72,726 was selfish motive the Resolution encounters considerable opposition in the raised by the Army's self-denial effort Senate at large, and friends of the Kongo sufferers should rally to the last year. An introduction by General support of the Kongo Reform Association, which is fighting valiantly to Booth declares that the social work is save these suffering creatures in Central Africa. The Association needs disinterested, "and is neither a bait $10,000 to carryon its work.* nor a bribe to people to become Salva- tionists." The balance sheet shows an expenditure from the Central Fund of i56,399· The income included £23,179 from Social League subscriptions, iII,305 grant from Self-Denial Fund, i1O,830 from "Light Brigade" col- lecting boxes, and i5,465 from the late Mr. Herring for fitting up a shelter.

The total liabilities of the "Darkest ~ngland" scheme are £298,740, which EUROPE IS covered by the assets.

Th.. Beginnings of Missions in England Christian Endeavor Indeed In the year of the Spanish Armada a Swindon Tabernacle, England, concompany was formed to diffuse Christianity among the Red men. Sir Wal- tains 400 a CYhoriusntiganPeoEpnled'se,avaonreIrns~ ter Raleigh gave iroo-the first mis- grouped in sionary donation recorded in English annals. In July, 1649, an Act was termediate, and a Junior society. passed by the Long Parliament and a corporation formed to propagate the These Endeavorers are divided into Gospel in New England. Cromwell ordered collections in the parishes of four mission bands, which go to out- England and Wales. In 16g8 the So- !yi~g places every Sunday for evangel- IStiC work. In summer they have in addition, two bands that conduct open- air services. The Endeavorers also support a little Hindu orphan girl. Of • Send contributions to the treasurer, John Carr their former members one is a mis- First National Bank, Boston. I sionary in China, two are missionaries

in Algeciras. Another, a young sur- the circumstances they must throw veyor, intends to go to West Africa as over the Pope and bishops without re- an engineer missionary. Still another gard to the sentence of excommunica- is studying in London in a nurses' tion, and must act for themselves by home to qualify for foreign missions, forming their own boards of trustees and one more is studying in Edinburgh for each parish, as required by law, and thus acquiring their own places University for a doctor's degree, in of worship, so as to be independent. order to become a medical missionary. Furthermore, the priests, being in want of some one to lead the movement, " The Greatest of All Philanthropists" have turned to M. Meillon, the con- verted priest, who is president of the This striking phrase is applied in the society for helping converted priests, Chicago Record-Herald to the late and have asked him to counsel them, Baroness Burdett-Coutts by W. E. and to convoke a general meeting in Curtis. And he says in part: Paris for the discussion of the whole matter. Some 230 have already ex- Angela Burdett was undoubtedly the prest their desire to be present, and greatest philanthropist that ever lived. No the number is increasing every day, human being, no king, nor emperor, nor so that a Protestant society has the plutocrat, ever contributed so much money honor of directing the future of what for charitable purposes, or did more prac- promises to be a vigorous part of the tical deeds of benevolence than she. She Roman Catholic Church in France. expended millions year after year for public and private charities without ostentation or Methodiats Invading France announcement. She endowed several bish- oprics in England, Canada, Australia, and One of the liveliest debates at the South Africa. She built a large parish recent session of our general mission- church in Westminster, three other churches ary committee was upon the proposi- in different parts of London, another in tion to enter France with a mission Carlisle, and several in India, Africa and station. A generous giver offers to Australia. She erected nobody knows how inaugurate the work with a gift of many schools and established a large num- $5,000. It is thought that the present ber of missions in different parts of the time, when France has separated her- world. You can not go to any tenement self from the Vatican, is a most pro- house district in London without finding pitious one< for entering the French chapels, schoolhouses, hospitals, refuges, republic. Doctor Sheets, Bishop Bash- night shelters, and other buildings that were ford, Doctor Buckley and others op- erected by her from time to time during the posed the motion, but it carried by a last sixty years. considerable majority. The movement is not regarded as an "anti-Catholic" She cleared several blocks of the foulest one, but an effort to convert the infidel slums in London, the most notorious haunts classes of France. Thus a new mis- of criminals, and covered them with model sion-and what may be one of the dwellings for honest working people. She greatest-is launched in Europe.- reformed several of the most degraded d;~- Western Christian Ad'Zlocate. A tricts; she organized many charitable so- cieties for the relief of underpaid working The Gospel in spUn women; she opened reformatories and refuges for the fallen; she equipped thou- A worker in Spain, writing to a sands of waifs from the streets of London contemporary upon the present situa- for service in the army and navy; she re- tion there, urges that the time has ar- cruited bootblack brigades and guilds for rived when a bold and aggressive pol- flower gi Is, and was the patron of the cos- icy on behalf of the Gospel should be termongers, for whom she purchased thou- undertaken. All signs are favorable sands of donkeys and carts. She had 25 or for such a work, as the sway of Rome 30 inspectors constantly employed in in- is daily losing its power there. The vestigating the thousands of appeals for aid and relief that were constantly received by her.

Independent Priests in France An extraordinary development of this work has taken place as a result of the struggle between the Pope and the French government. Many of the more intelligent priests see that under

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

great leaders of the national life are of modern missionary effort, while men of liberal views, while the people Professor von Schubert in Heidelberg themselves were never more favorably lectures on the history, fields, and disposed to listen to the genuine methods of foreign missions. Pro- Gospel message.· Hitherto, evangelical fessor Tschackert in Gottingen treats work in Spain has been done largely the history of missions, and Professor in a corner; but the right of public Clemen in Bonn, Professor Kunze in meeting is being more and more Greifswald, and Lie. Stosch in Berlin claimed and vindicated. Central halls lecture on the doctrine of missions. in main thoroughfares will command greater attention than small rooms in The Y. M. C. A. in Austria back streets. Spain is a country awaiting capture for the Gospel. In the More than twenty years ago (writes best sense, money spent on work there Dr. A. W. Clark) we were led, in the will be well invested. providence of God, to establish in Prague the first Y. M. C. A. of Bo- Congress of Italian ChriJtian Students hemia. As such a society must have the sanction of the government, the The first Congress of the "Italian first step was not easy. The governor Federation" was held in Rome three knew nothing about such associations, years ago, and the second on the and was much opposed to any such I6th and 17th of November in the organization in his field. Twenty years Waldensian College, Florence. 40 ago there was little to report, save opdelegates were present. The chief position and indifference, but to-day subject discust was the draft con- there is much good cheer. In differstitution which had been prepared ent parts of the Austrian Empire there by Professor Luzzi. Some ob- are now nearly IOO associations. The jected to the word "Christian" in its work is well organized. name on the ground that in Italy unfortunately that term was practically There is a central committee here synonymous with "Catholic," and connected with the World's Committee further because it was not desirable to in Geneva, Switzerland. The Y. M. restrict the membership to Christian C. A. of the country has suborganizastudents only. To this it was replied tions according to the language used that it was essential to such an organ- (German, Bohemian, Polish), and acization that its members should be be- cording 1:0 the churches with which lievers in Jesus Christ, that they they are connected. In Vienna we should seek to conform their lives to have just closed the third general con- His, and that therefore this should be ference of all these organizations. openly displayed on their banner. Delegates were present from Lower Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, and Styria. It was decided that the Society The two days were most interesting should be called "The Italian Students' and profitable. Federation for Religious Worship," and that its "effective" members .. To Relieve Russian Exiles should be Christians. At the same time others who are interested in re- The unfortunate exiles in Northern ligious questions, altho not confest Russia and Siberia are largely men Christians, will be received as "ad- and women who have been banished herents." without .any formal examination or trial. They live in desolate parts of Lectures on Missions in German Universities Russia, where it is impossible for them to add to the inadequate pittance al- During this winter the following lowed them by the government (about courses of lectures on missions will be $3.00 per month for the better class delivered in German universities. and $1.00 for peasants and artizans). Grand old Professor Warneck of Halle lectures on the great problems The lot of the peasants, who form the great majority of the administra-

tive exiles, is deplorable. They are, difficulty, too. Islam will never yield the as a rule, followed by their wives and supremacy without an intellectual and lit- families, for whom a small allowance erary defense of her claims, is sometimes made. Isolated in small groups in lonely villages, they lead a It is worth noting that this article is in miserable, half-starved existence, in- a paper published in Russia, illustrating the habiting the filthy huts which swarm new spirit in Russia, among Moslems as with the germs of diseases. Among the exiles in the province of Archangel well as others, the influence of changes in alone there are at least 1,500 destitute Russia on events in Persia, and the close children. Local means for helping the exiles are altogether inadequate. relation of Transcaucasia, with the great cities of Tiflis and Baku, to the work of It is very desirable not only to sup- the Presbyterian Church in Persia. There ply their material necessities, but to may be new demands on the Church from provide occupation and interests for this great field now opening. them. Food and clothing might be judiciously distributed. Workshops The B07S' School m Teheran might be established, materials and implements being provided, and, In this one school there are more where necessary, instruction given in various crafts. It might also be pos- Mohammedan pupils than there are in sible to arrange for elementary school teaching, books and other necessaries all the American colleges in the Tur- being supplied.* kish Empire combined. "Six years ASIA ago," writes Mr. Jordan, the head of For Freedom QI Persia the school, "out of a total enrolment of Persia seems to have begun her up- ward journey. The present movement 66, only 22 were from the ruling race. may collapse, but no nation can long withstand the steady pressure of truth Last year 230 pupils were in attend- and light as presented in the Gospel of Christ. Rev. W. A. Shedd writes ance and of these 128 were Moham- of "Freedom in Persia" as follows: medans. About 100 of them bear the One who is in contact with Persians of the intelligent class can not but remark the title of nobility, Khan, and a number increased frequency with which newspapers , are mentioned and Quoted. Their number of them are princes of the blood royal. must be increasing, and certainly the num- ber of their readers. In the Haiyat (Life), We are reaching the best and most in- a paper published in Turkish in Baku, Russia. under date of August 9 last year, fluential people in the nation. Pupils is an article entitled "Freedom in Persia and Its Essential Principles," signed by a come to the school from every part religious teacher of Islam, -Yusuf Talib. of the country. What we are doing is The'article is interesting, and takes for granted that religious liberty is both desir- not beirig done in a corner. We teach able and inevitable. It also recognizes Christian missions as a present power in the Bible openly at a regular lesson in' Persia, and appeals to Mohammedans to prepare for a peaceful defense of their faith. the course and everyone knows it. Perhaps for the friends of missions in America a still more pertinent point is the Some time ago the prime minister re- obvious lesson that Christianity must pre- pare for a new era of opportunity and of marked to me that he keeps himself * Mr. Arthur Sidgwick, 64 Woodstock Ro~d, ox- informed about the school, and in the ford, England, is acting as treasurer to the com- name of the Persian people exprest his mittee. while the honorable secretary is Mrs. Howe, St. I,nke's Vicarage, FiI,chley, N. I,ondon. appreciation and gratitude for the work being done.

Here is a great and e1Iectual door opened to us to reach the Moham- medan world. ROBERT E. SPEER.

Moslem Gratitude A missionary's wife in Persia was trying to explain to a native woman what ingratitude meant. The woman had several children, of whom she was very fond, and the missionary's wife asked her : "Would yon not think it very ungrateful if, when you were old and poor, your boy refused to do any- thing for you?" "No," was the amazed reply"; "of course that is what I ex- pect. Our boys are always like that. We only say, 'It is the will of Allah!' "

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

The difference between Christian ideals cept, not the ecclesiasticism and the of living and heathen ones, shown in theology of the West, but Jesus him- this true incident, explains why the self, the Asiatic teacher; interpret Him women welcome Christianity in hea- for itself as the expression of the then lands. heart of God, and dedicate to Him and Centennials and Semi-centennials in India His kingdom its own splendid gifts. An interesting fact in connection Three great missionary celebrations have been or are now in progress in with the lectures is that the chairmen India. It is lOO years since the Lon- of the various meetings have been repdon Missionary Society commenced resentative of various elements in Inwork in Travancore under Rev. Mr. dia. Hindus and English alike have Ringeltaube. The English secretary, given evidence of their sympathy with Rev. R. Wardlaw Thompson, and the lecturer, but some of the misother visitors participated in the cele- sionaries feel that Doctor Hall yields brations. North India observed the too much honor to the false Hindu jubilee celebration of the establishment faiths and does not emphasize strongly in India of the missions of the Amer- enough the unique and essential mes- sage of Christ. ican Methodist Episcopal Church. Farther north again, among the Hima- A Thank-offering for Missions in Ceylon layas, the Moravian missionarLes cel- The heathen who have found Christ.

ebrate the jubilee of their work. At are not ungrateful for the blessings of Kyelang the work was begun, and that the Gospel and the work of the mis- station has been a veritable St. Bern- sionaries. When the Christians of Cey- ard's Hospice, both literally and spir- lon read of the Haystack Centennial itually, for the numerous pilgrims and movement last year they were stirred travelers who come over the passes on to raise a fund in commemoration of both sides of it. the founding of the American Mission Charlel Cuthbert Hall in India there in 1816. Rev. T. B. Scott gives an account of the thank-offering, which The general subject of Doctor Hall's was begun at the last annual meeting former course as Barrow's lecturer in of the mission, a Tamil lady making India was "Christian Thought I nter- the first gift of fifty rupees. The meet- preted by Christain Experience." He ing was held in Jaffna, October 12, is now lecturing there on "The Wit- while the American Board was in ses- ness of the Oriental Consciousness to sion at North Adams. After stirring Jesus Christ." This course .is "the addresses by native pastors the col- outcome of reflections awakened by lection was taken amid great enthus- the study of Indian personality in its iasm, and amounted, with pledges re- psychological relation to the most pro- ceived from others, to 625 rupees- found and the most lofty elements of $208. It is proposed to devote the ~he Christian religion." Doctor Hall fund thus begun to evangelistic work naturally emphasized the mystical ele- in Ceylon,. and also to raise a fund for ment in the Christian religion. as op- primary education. The enthusiasm posed to the materialistic that the Ori- was not only in giving money but ser- ent values. The popularity of Doctor vice. A large part of the audience Hall in India has been very marked. pledged themselves to go out to do He has succeeded in no small degree personal work for Christ. It is pro- in bridging the gap between the Ori- posed to extend the raising of this ent and the Occident; and he has done fund through ten years till the comple- this, not by refinements of philosoph- tion of the century of American Chris- ic speculation, but by direct appeal to tian missions in Ceylon, with a collec- the idealism of the Orient. He has tion at each annual meeting. The min- also succeeded in impressing his hear- imum amount set for the evangelistic ers by his plea that the East should ac- fund is 20,000 rupes ($7.000), and

the effort may kindle an enthusiasm ten millions of these people will soon which will go much beyond that be face to face with famine and fever. amount. The provision which the Chinese Gov- ernment has made to meet these needs, Concerning the Famine in China even were it honestly administered, is wofully inadequate, allowing only 25c. The American Bible Society has re~ silver for each individual in need. ceived the following cablegram from the Rev. John R. Hykes, D.D., the Vhen it is remembered that there agent of the Society for China: is no hope of relief from famine be- fore the ripening of new crops next Notify all Boards that Shanghai Missi,:m- June, it is feared that the larger part ary Association, 274 members, rel?resent1~g of these millions in the flooded coun- try will be affected by the famine, and 19 bodies, urges appeal of famme re.11ef the conditions will be indescribably awful. The need is urgent, as acute through all churches. r,250,000 starvmg. suffering has already begun.

Refugees already flocked cities. In dIstrict The Emigration of Christian Chinese 3M0a0n0~0 0 0d edaet hs tsi t uat el~eaMdy,anythmo illfioivnes affected. As in Syria and Armenia, so in .months' China, many of the missions are sufsuffering only ~egun. . General .rehe! com- fering severely from the emigration of mittee representmg all mterests m thl~ pa~t, their converts and their native work- ers to other countries. The Basel So- Ereasspt~nsuinblitee hianndpsla.ocfinmgisswioonr~krioesf. rehef m ciety lost more than 2 per cent. of its Oppor- native Christian members by emigra- tion in 1905. Twenty years ago a mistunity century to Impress Chma. . sionary of this society followed a com- pany of Chinese Christians to Hawaii HYKES, PreSIdent. and started a connection with the home country, which still continues. Now At a special meeting of represent<l:- the Basel Missionary Society again tives of missionary bodies of the Um- reports that so many of its Chinese ted States having work in China, held converts have emigrated to North in New York January 18, it was unan- Borneo, that in 1906 there were 443 imously recommended that churches, Chinese Christians in that country. A societies, and individuals be urgently native pastor, Wong, whose salary is requested to contribute liberally and paid by these Christians, looks after promptly to meet this emergency, their spiritual welfare and is aided by which must continue until June.* two native catechists. A few weeks ago a European missionary was trans- In the northern districts of Kiang- ferred to North Borneo from China su and An-huei provinces the flooded to superintend the work. districts are estimated as covering an area of 40,000 square miles, supporting Education of Chinese Women a population of 15,000,000. None of the crops could be gathered last sum- Three scholarships for Chinese girls mer and all the necessities of life have have been offered at Wellesley Coldoubled in price. Thousands of peo- lege, and the Empress of China will ple are living on one meal a day, and select the girls. The Chinese governoften this meal is composed of only ment is now establishing schools for gruel and sweet potato leaves. Tens girls, but they are far from ~atis~ac­ of thousands have left their homes to tory in character. There are m Tienbeg elsewhere. Some throw their chi!- Tsin five girls' schools under governdren into the water and then commit ment supervision with about 250 womsuicide. Many are selling their chil- en and girls in attendance. So great dren for almost nothing, and others is the need of women teachers that the are said to be guilty even of cannibalism. The farmers are selling their work animals to buy food and have no wheat to plant for next year's crop.

Unless relief is given, from eight to • All funds should be sent to the treasurers of the various foreign missionary boards of the churches with which the contributors may be affiliated, or to the treasurer of the Amencan Bible Society, William Foulke, Bible House, Astor Place, New York City.

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 23

viceroy of one of the provinces is The Work of it. Converted Buddhist about to open a woman's normal Some of the most fruitful missionschooL ary work is being carried on by native converts. These are the instruments J'rom Taoist Priest to Bookseller that will reap the great harvests in the mission fields. Rev. E. M. Cable In Kansuh the Central China Tract writes of effective work done by Yun Society has two good booksellers. One Chung-iI, a Korean colporteur who is is an ex-Taoist priest who was brought traveling on the islands near Kyoup a priest from childhood, and there- dong. He has been instrumental in fore learned no trade. Consequently starting Christian communities on he found it difficult to support himself twelve large islands, and has made it after leaving the temple, but as he was possible for the missionary to reap a a good speaker and gave evidence of bountiful harvest. being an intelligent Christian, the missionary sent him out to sell books and On the island where Yun Chung-il to preach. At first he worked in the lives he chanced one day to enter a city and the surrounding villages, but Buddhist temple where a number of later ;vas sent on a longer trip. When priests with shorn heads were doing ready to start, he asked the missionary their daily round of prayers and sacin Ping-liang Station for a few cash, rifice to the image of the sacred Budas he had no money. To try him, Mr. dah which adorned the temple. Sin- Tornvall pointed out to him from 'the gling out a bright looking young priest Gospels the way in "Yhich Jesus sent he tried to convince him of the folly out His disciples, where there was no. and wrong of such service as he was mentio.n of "mo.ney for expenses." offering to this false god. The priest bought a copy of John's Gospel in Ko- "All right," said the colporteur, "I rean and read it with much interest. also will make a trial of that plan," A few days later he walked from the and off he went. A month afterward, temple to Mr. Yun to tell him that he two missionaries found him in a far- had decided to give up his worship of away city, preaching and selling his Buddha and to worship the true God. books, and looking remarkably happy. In this way the work goes quietly on. he said that altho he had not been having feasts every day, yet he could give Presbyterianism in Korea the same testimony as the disciples: he had lacked for nothing. Cori1parative statement of work of the four Presbyterian bodies, North- Two Thinlf,l the Chinese are Learning ern, Southern, Canadian, and Austra- lian, in Korea, for the years of 1903, Rev. Howard A. Johnston writes 1904, I905, and 1906: that a missionary in Hong Kong said the Chinese had discovered two things in recent years: .

First-That the missionaries had told the 1906 1905 1904 190 3 truth about themselves. The Chinese now realize that Protestant missionaries are not I Ordained Missionaries. 46 46 4I 36 seeking theirs, but them. They could not 33 Native Elders………. 18 II 5 believe, at first, that any foreigner had no ulterior selfish motive in coming to China. Churches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677 540 462 427 Helpers.. ……… …. . 80 86 66 Second.-The Chinese had corne to real- 105 ize their backward condition, and that Christians had told them the truth about Adherent.s………….. 56,943 37,407 26,554.24,971 Commumcants……… '4,353 Il,061 8,756 7,307 that matter also. Naurally, in consequence, here is ~ greater readiness to listen and Catechumens …….. '" 13,161 8,43[ 6,946 6,484 learn from the foreigner. Very often this Schools…………. ….. [47 J08 95 eager quest is due to the desire to learn that 247 . which will improve their material condition; Students…….. …….. 5.124 2.730 1,822 1,765 but at the same time the Holy Spirit carries Offerings…. ….. ….. $29,108 $15,5701 $8,673 $5,818 horne the truth to many hearts that turn to Christ as their Savior. Japan's Three Religions There is a genuine awakening of a moral Buddhism and Shintoism have been consciousness in China. wedded into one in Japan. Tho dis- tinct in some phases, they dominate the religious atmosphere of ] apan to- gether, for the people generally do not

distinguish between them. The latest Imperative needs still exist. There statistics report Buddhist and Shinto should be ten more cottages to pre- priests, including student priests, to vent overcrowding. Morning exer- the number of 312,493. Of Protestant cises and Sunday services are held un- missionaries there are 889 foreigners der the open sky in the school-yard, and 1,025 Japanese. Of both Roman as there is no room large enough for and Greek Catholic priests there are such gatherings. The intellectual and 244 foreigners and 481 Japanese. Thus religious training of the children de- the total Christian ministry in the pends so much upon a proper meeting- country, Protestant and Catholic, is place that a new chapel is a pressing 2,639. These figures would be con- want. School buildings and the ino sidered by some as not fairly indic- dustrial plant are altogether insuffi- ative of the relative influence of cient. More land should be purchased Christianity in Japan, and yet they cer- and several new industries taught. tainly indicate clearly enough that J a- $100,000 is urgently needed to give pan is very much farther from being Mr. Ishii and his associate workers the Christian than many people in Amer- proper equipment for such a mammoth ica and Europe suppose. undertaking as their work has become.

The Great Okayama Orpluulage JAMES H. PETTEE.

Remarkable work is accomplished Mohammedanism in Japan in the brave-hearted home for orphans and the children of the unfortunate, The press of the Turkish Empire established in Okayama by Mr. Ishii. has recently been publishing extended The institution has broken all previous and repeated statements to the effect records in the Orient for rapid growth that the Japanese are becoming Mos- in numbers and the size of equipment. lems by the thousands and that the Within three months it increased from Emperor of Japan has intimated his 375 children to 1,200, from 20 to 70 intention of adopting Islam as the teachers and house-mothers, and from national religion. Inquiries have been a monthly budget of 2,000 to 7,000 made from the most reliable and best yen, so that the strain upon faith and informed of the Japanese statesmen resources may be imagined. But the and they reply, according to Dr. Will- quietness with which the institution iam Imbrie, that they have never met this emergency is a great object heard of a Japanese who has become lesson in obedience to heavenlv vis- a follower of Mohammed. ions and the power of simple faith and self-sacrificing service. It is as cred- The tale is made out of whole cloth. itable to Christian Japan as the battles Likewise the story that the emperor of Mukden and the Japan Sea were to is interested in Islam and has consid- the nation's army and navy. ered that religion favorably, is branded as nonsense and a wilfully false fab, The reason for this growth was the rication. The whole story is a vain lamentable famine in the northern part effort to bolster up the faith of Turof the country. At the suggestion of kish Moslems who are beginning to American Board missionaries, Su- fear because of the aggressive power perintendent Ishii visited the afflicted of Christian nations. region and immediately advertised his willingness to receive into the Oka- Y. M. C. A. Work for Chinese Students yama orphanage all destitute children that might be sent to it. Local com- in Japan mittees were organized, fears and prejudices allayed, and within less than The remarkable exodus of Chinese two months 825 children were col- students to Japan continues and inlected, enrolled and dispatched to the creases. The present estimate of their waiting institution at Okayama. number is 16,000, nearly all in Tokio, and within a radius of a few miles. These young men are to be future leaders of China, and any work ac-

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

complished for them is likely to be learning, makes Chinese preachers'

incomparably more fruitful than that who have received only a partial edu- for any other class of Chinese. Rec- cation, coming into contact with J apan- ognizing this fact, the Y. M. C. A. in ese who have received a good educa- China, under the lead of Messrs. Lyon tion, feel the inferiority of their own and Brockman, and backed by the en- training. An educated ministry is tire missionary body of Shanghai, has necessary in Formosa to-day, just as been instrumental in getting the help it is demanded in China. This re- of missionaries from China to work quires an increase in the missionary in Tokio, with results at once sur- force. REV. MILTON JACK.

prizing and encouraging. This is one ISLANDS OF THE SEA of those strategic enterprises to be en- tered upon with faith, zeal and prompt- The Work in the New Hebrides ness. The Mission Synod of the New Changed Conditions in Formosa Hebrides met in Tongoa from J llne The Church of Christ in Japan is . 4 to 16, and the committee which ex- making an effort to reach their fellow amined the reports on stations gave countrymen in Formosa, with the the following summary: Gospel. They have a flourishing con- "This year the note throughout the gregation in Taihoku, presided over group is one of encouragement and by an earnest Japanese pastor. They hope; in fact, the progress at some have also organized missions among stations has been such as to make one the Japanese in four or five other im- marvel at the great change wrought by portant centers. But their efforts are the Gospel in so few years. Still, in confined to their own countrymen, and several islands, the difficulties are enor- as yet only a small proportion of them . mous, on account of a comparatively have been reached. new element of antagonism to the The advent of the Japanese has work-namely, intoxicating drink. The given rise to a whole series of prob- opposition of the heathen is certainly lems that are constantly affecting the bad enough, but, coupled with the missionary work. Among these prob- drink habit, it is very much greater.

lems are those which arise from the It is nearly hopeless to work among establishment of schools and hospitals those who are being supplied with by the Japanese. These Japanese strong drink in such quantities as are schools are in no direct way connected being sold to the natives of Northeast with Christianity, and tend to reflect Ambrim, Epi, and elsewhere. More- the materialistic spirit that is so prev- over, the death-rate in those districts alent in Japan. This emphasizes the is so high that, if the traffic continues, need for well equipped Christian there is reason to believe the natives schools. will be exterminated.

The coming of the Japanese has "War, too, continues to hinder the given rise also to the need for a more progress of the Gospel in several is- thoroughly trained staff of native hmds. An outstanding example of preachers and pastors. To such an this is furnished by the missionary of extent has the standard of education South Santo, who reports I2 murders been raised, that a much more syste- and 3 cases of cannibalism since last matic training is now required than Christmas.

was necessary when the late Doctor "The number of communicants for MacKay taught his cisciples under the whole group is about 3,500, and the spreading banyan tree, or even for out of that number no fewer than 4II some years after the present college were admitted to church membership was built. The Japanese method of during the past year.

education, with their up to date knowl- "The natives subscribed 1.727 in edge of every branch of Western cash, and over 7,000 pounds of arrow-

root. The students of the Teachers' teson was killed in revenge for the Training Institute made copra to the stealing of five men, who were stolen net value of over £33. Several mis- from the island of Mukapu after havsionaries continue to plant cocoanuts ing been decoyed on board a trading for church purposes. Several elders vessel by scoundrels who told them were ordained, a number of European that the bishop was on board. So Mr. churches built, English classes con- Godden's murder was the revenge ducted, and, speaking generally, there taken by a returned Kanaka laborer can be no doubt that considerable ad- who fancied that he had been ill-used vance has been made in the education in Queensland and by whom all white of the natives." men were looked upon as enemies.

. Missions in an Unfamiliar Island Mr. Golden had left his house to baptize in a bush village, and For seven years the American Board on the road as he stooped to extract a of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- stone from his shoe, a heathen man sions has been doing a missionary shot him through the thigh and cut work in Nauru, an island separate him badly on his arms and legs with from all other groups in the Pacific his ax. He bled to death before he Ocean, of which work little has been could be rowed back to his home, and known owing to the infrequency of he was buried by a native teacher. The the mails. That island is distant 400 man, Alamemea, had previously murmiles from the Marshall Islands and dered a Queensland man, and had been 165 miles from the nearest of the Gil- in prison for three years, and vowed bert group. There is no relation be- to murder a white man. Mr. Godden's tween its inhabitants and those of its last words were to forbid any fighting nearest neighbors. Its people seem in connection with his death. to be hardy and vigorous, numbering less than 2,000 souls at the present The missionary had been very haptime. A German missionary, the Rev. py and successful in his work. De la Porte, has labored there since 1899 under the American Board with AFRICA extraordinary vigor and success. He has gathered converts in numbers-that The Onward March of Islam in Africa parallel, it is said, the earliest beginnings at Jerusalem. At the beginning Several times during the past of 1905 there were 248 communicants months we have called attention to the church-members. During that year rapid growth of Mohammedanism in 284 more were added. There were Africa and to the difficulties and dan- 177 children of church-members bap- gers thus being placed in the paths of tized, so that by the end of the year Christian missionaries. This month we there were, including children, 840 bring two more statements of German baptized-not far from one-half of the missionaries concerning the matter. total population of the land. The lfissionaries of the Basel Evangelical average attendance at the Sabbath Missionary Society made a missionary services for the year was 742, on one journey into the interior of Togooccasion 1,053 persons being present. land, German West Africa, a few months ago. Along the main caravan Another Missionary Mart;yr routes they found Mohammedan tra- ders everywhere. These traders assist Rev. Charles C. Godden of the Mel- the chiefs in their business dealings, anesian Mission, was murdered by a but at the same time make propaganda native on the island of Opa, New Heb- for their religion, and whole districts rides, on October 16th. He had only in the northern part of Togoland are recently returned from Sidney, Aus- now turning Mohammedan. tralia, with his bride. Missionaries of the Berlin Mission- Thirty-five years ago Bishop Pat- ary Society are very suspicious that Mohammedan influences at least helped the late uprising in German

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

East Africa. For instance, in the 100 ordained native pastors, 2,000 neighborhood of Kisserare rumors churches and schools, 60,000 converts were diligently circulated that a De- and 300,000 native children in the liverer would soon appear and drive Christian schools. .In Uganda, not out the Germans. The Deliverer was included in the above, there are 32 to be the sultan, and there is little native clergy, besides the 2,500 native doubt that these rumors were started evangelists and helpers who have 1,000 by Mohammedan agents. The rebel places of worship, including a cathe- leader, Kibassire, was a Mohammedan, dral that seats 4,000. The baptized and many of his followers were also converts number 50,000 and the at- of the faith of the false prophet. To tendants at Sunday service are as this we mav add that Reverend Den- many. In Uganda alone there are nis, of the C. M. S. in South Nigeria, 100,000 natives who can now read and is convinced that Mohammedan influ- write, and 250,000 who receive regu- ence is causing unrest in British Ni- larlv Christian instruction. Such suc- geria also. Uganda Notes, published cess is almost unparalleled in the his- in Uganda, says directly, "that Mo- tory of missions.

hammedan rivalry is something to be German Baptists in Africa seriously considered, must be patent The German Baptists began their missionary labors in the dangerous clito anyone who follows from a mis- mate of Kamerum fifteen years ago. Ten missionary laborers have become sionary standpoint the course of events the victims of the heat and fever, but the work is prosperous. There are· in Africa. . . Every Moslem is now five missionary districts with 43 out-stations, and 19 European and 40 more or less a missionary of his faith. native missionary laborers are at lIohammedan influence work. In the 35 schools 1,529 chil- dren received Christian training in must be combated before it is too 1905, and 15 Sunday-schools were atlate." tended by 1,145 children. There were 71 baptisms of heathen in 1905, so that The Mission in the Great Sudan there are now 599 native Christians, to which should be added 346 catechu- Only a year ago six pioneer mission- mens. The total expenses for this prosperous work were $23,000 in 1905. aries of the English Church Mission- The Society publishes a most interest- ing monthly magazine, Our Wark ary Society reached their field on the Among the Heathen (Unsere Heiden- mission); editor, pastor Karl Maseastern bank of the Niie, 1,000 miles cher, Berlin.

south of Khartum. They have estab- lished themselves at Sheikh Bior among the Dinkas, who are said to be warlike and quarrelsome, the men wearing no clothing. A medical dis- pensary has been opened, and a gram- mar and vocabulary of 1,000 words have been completed. Dr. Albert Cook, of the Uganda Mission, who acts as leader temporarily, regards the opening for mission work a most hope- MISCELLANEOUS ful one;. and he says, "It requires no How It Looked to John Wesley very special courage to prophesy that Dinkaland may well follow in the foot- John vVesley. was about to go to steps of Uganda." Georgia as a missionary to the Indians, and an unbeliever said to him, "What Missions in Central Africa is this? Are you one of the knights Progress here is phenomenal for errant? How, pray, got this quixot- rapid extension and encouraging re- ism in }'our head? You want nothing, sults. Thirty years since, work be- have a good provision for life, and gan in Uganda, in response to Stan- prospect of preferment; and must you ley's appeal for at least one missionary leave all to fight windmills-to con- teacher to be sent to this then almost vert savages in America?" Wesley unknown region. To-day there are answered calmly: "Sir, if the Bible be not true, I am as a very fool and mad- city missionary in Glasgow, and in man as you can conceive; but if it is of God, I am sober-minded. For He r858 was appointed missionary of the has declared: 'There is no man who Reformed Presbyterian Church and hath life, house, or friends, or breth- ren, for the kingdom of God's sake, sailed for the New Hebrides Islands who shall not receive manifold more in the South Pacific. The mission was in this present time, and in the world to come life everlasting.''' later transferred to the care of the Scotch Free Church, and then to the Wnliam Jennings Bqan on Missions Australian Presbyterians.

In The Commoner of November 2, Doctor Paton found in the islands a this Christian statesman has sum- people without civilization, without marized his impressions of American clothing, so debased that one almost missions abroad. We have but space despaired of their ever being able to to call attention to his last words. "Making due allowance," he says, receive the Gospel. Now on that "for the frailty of human nature and group of islands are over 20,000 confor the mistakes which all are liable to make, it may be said without fear verts. These people have family wor-. of successful contradiction that the ship in their homes; they have built missionaries, physicians and teachers. who consecrate themselves to the ad- large churches, which are filled to vancement of Asia's millions along Christian lines are as high-minded, as overflowing; and they have organheroic, as self-sacrificing, and considering the great destiny of the race, ized missionary societies to carry the as useful as any equal number of men Gospel to other islands. The Bible and women to be found in any other part of the world." has been translated and printed .in over twenty dialects that were un- OBITUARY known to the world when he entered the field. John G. Paton. of the New Hebrides In a letter dated (anterbury, Vic- The death of the Rev. John Gibson Paton, D.D., the famous missionary to toria, Australia, November r6, r906, the New Hebrides Islands, will bring Doctor Paton said: a sense of personal loss to his many friends. Doctor Paton passed away I am not very strong in person now, but from his home in Kew, Melbourne, praise the Lord that He enables me to go Australia, where he lived in recent on with His work, addressing a meeting alyears while not actually at work most daily, and from three to five or six among the mission stations in the New ev-ery Sabbath. . . . I yet suffer .much Hebrides. His death was due to old pain from the buggy accident in which I age,and to infirmities brought on more was nearly killed. . . . The doctors say rapidly since his accident last year, I must rest, but I say not till I am unable when he was thrown from a carriage. to move about with a staff. The work is During his long lifetime of eighty-two urgent and our laborers in it are very few years, he was exposed to a thousand -only twenty-five at present-yet this last perils on land and sea, and had come year has been one of our most successful in contact with disease and savage years. Many heathen have joined the wormen; he was wonderfully preserved ship and service of Jesus. Yet chiefly amid them all. through French traders the devil has been very busy, in many cases leading our He was born at Kirkmahoe, near heathen to kill themselves and their chil- Dumfries, Scotland, in r824. After dren by intoxicating drink. On one of our receiving an education at the Normal islands 150 died from it, and also many Seminary and University of Glasgow, on other islands have been killed -by it. But he served for ten years as a successful nearly all our converts keep from it, and do all they can to keep others from it. In some places sixty-six per cent. of the pop- ulation died from it when suffering from epidemics introduced among them from Australia.

We are also grieved with the English- French agreement regarding-the New Heb- rides, which goes much a'gainst both the native and Australian interests, and makes our work difficult and dangerous among the heathen, but the Lord we hope and pray will overrule all for good.

Yours in Jesus, JOHN G. PATON. Rev. Samuel F. Moore. of Korea his moderate counsels helped to calm The Presbyterian Board has received agitation and irritation. The story of word of the death of the Rev. Samuel his life is the story of Scotland for Forman Moore of the Korea Mission, forty years past.

December 22, 1906. Mr. Moore was Bishop Buchner. of German)" born at Grand Ridge, III., in 1860, and, after graduation from the College of The announcement of Bishop Buch- Montana and McCormick Theological ner's death in Herrnhut, Germany, has Seminary, was appointed a foreign caused profound regret among the missionary, and sailed August 16, Moravians. Charles Buchner was born 1892, to the Korea Mission. in Jamaica, of missionary parents, in 1842. His unusual gifts and abil- Mr. Moore was an earnest, faithful ities displayed as a teacher caused his and self-denying worker and gave election as a member of the mission himself unreservedly to Christ's work. board, which controls the Moravian He was greatly beloved by his mis- mission work. Executive' ability and sionary associates and by the Koreans. statesmanlike foresight, combined 'We deeply sympathize with the mis- with strong faith and holy courage, sion and with the stricken widow and marked him as the man for the posiher children. tion of president of the mission board, the most responsible and most honor- Alexander Gilchrist. of Pittsburg able executive office in the Moravian Church. On January 27, the Rev. Dr. Alexander Gilchrist, Secretary of the Home In late years, especially, Bishop Mission Board of the United Presby- Buchner's fame [/~read throughout all terian denomination and one of the Europe, and he was considered one of most prominent figures of the Church, Europe's greatest authorities on misdied at his home in Pittsburg after a sionary matters. He was much sought long illness. Doctor Gilchrist was as speaker at missionary gatherings, born at West Hebron, N. Y., in 1856, and his thoughtful and spirit-filled adand attended Monmouth College, Illi- dresses and papers always aroused nois, and Worcester University, Ohio. great interest. Germany's emperor He,went to the Allegheny Theological honored Bishop Buchner by appointing Seminary, and had charges in Rich- him a member of the Imperial Colonial mond, Ind., and Omaha, Neb. In r899 Council. he was called to take the office of Corresponding Secretary of the United Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. Walter H. Stapleton. of Mrica He was recognized as one of the Death has visited the Kongo Baptist strong men of the denomination and Mission in removing Rev. Walter H. served as Moderator of the Second Stapleton, of Yakusu, who died in London on December 3. This is a Synod in 1894.

Principal Rain)". of Scotland .third memorable death lately among The death of Principal Rainy at an English Baptist missionaries in Africa advanced age removes the most con- -Bentley and Grenfell being the other spicuous figure from Scotch ecclesias- fallen heroes. Mr. Stapleton was tical life. Since the days of Chalmers !enior missionary in the Stanley Falls and the Erskines, Guthrie and Duff, District, a valuable translator with all Candlish and Caird and Cairns, no one the rest of his versatile service. His man has dominated Scotch church life Lokele version is now going through like Doctor Rainy. His influence on the press, the foundation of a literature missions has been correspondingly where there was hitherto no written great and will now be missed. He had language. Rev. Kenred Smith leaves the sagacity of a statesman and the Livingston College to return and re- subtlety of a diplomat. In most stormy lieve the brethren at Yakusu on the waters his hand was on the helm and Upper Kongo. THE ROMANCE OF MISSIONARY HEROISM. ly says of him that he was a rare com- By John C. Lambert. Illustrated. I2mo. bination of strenuous worker and re- 346 pp. $2.00. Seeley & Co., London. poseful thinker, practical apostle and ]. B. Lippincott, PhiladelphIa, 1907. mystical prophet. He remained un- married that there should be the less It is surprizing that such a volume hindrance to his beloved work as an as this has not been published before. evangelist. Perhaps the most notable ~owhere in the world is there to be fact in his life was his novel scheme found better material lor thrilling and to reach the Chinese literati with the captivating tales of adventure, heroism Gospel. As a class they were proud and romance than in the annals of mis- and contemptuous toward Christianity sionaries. They go among savages and missionarv work. But they were and in unexplored wilds. They are worth winning, anel some method must brave and self-sacrificing and divinely be devised to make them acquainted human. Doctor Lambert has gathered with Christian literature, for their eon- • two dozen stories of absorbing interest tem.pt was larg-ely due to 19norance that are romantic and true. They in- anelmisconception. ' clude such tales as the adventures of Gilmour on the barren steppes of And so at last, the thought flashed Manchuria, the escape of Jacob Cham- on his mind, why not offer prizes for berlain from tigers in India, the ro- first-class literary essa}'s on Christian mance of Joseph Neesima, the Jap- themes? Only scholars could compete, anese educator, the thrilling expe- but it would compel them to study riences of MacK'!y in Formosa, the Christianity in order to compete. daring journey of Miss Annie Taylor -1nto Tibet, as well as other hero tales It was a happy thought, and a proof Africa, Arctic lands, the islands of spectus was prepared offering four the sea and the American Indians. valuable prizes for the best essays upon certain topics taken from the It is'a book that boys and girls will scriptures, and appropriate tracts and devour and at the same time will be booklets were, with the prospectus, put fed with missionary facts and may be into the hands of these men who to the set on fire with the missionary spirit. number of thousands entered the ex- amination hall. Hsi was the success- LIFE OF DAVID HILL. By Jane E. Hellier. ·ful essayist, anel among the hundred I2mo. Revised edition. Morgan & Scott, and twenty essays sent in his carried London, 1906. off three prizes out of the four. T~e prize winner had to come to Mr. Hill Those who have read Mrs. Howard to receive his silver, and 1I1r. Hill's Taylor's books on "One of China's face and presence were a sufficient Scholars" and "Pastor Hsi" will re- refutation of the calumnies with which member that it was through David missionaries were assaulted. This led Hill that he was brought to Christ; to Mr. Hsi's becoming teacher to Mr. and those biographies throw an illu- H111, and ultimately to his conversion. minating side-light on the remarkable man whose memoir this is. THE MIKADO;S EMPIRE. By Wm. Elliot Griffis, D.D., LL.D. Two vols. I2mo. He was born in York, England, in Eleventh edition, with sUDplementary r840, and f~ll asleep. at Hankow. in chapters. Harper & Brothers, l'ew York, r896; but this fiftY-SIX years of hfe 1906. were fragrant with the love of God and the love of souls, and a rare and After forty years of acquaintance unselfish devotion to the Crucified One. with the Island Empire, and having He has been ranked with such as seen the lads whom he knew as stu- Brainerd and Martyn in the front rank dents and servants, teachers and friends, now envoys, ministers, officials of the missionary host, and Rev. J. H.

Jowett, of Birmingham, discriminatingat home and representatives abroad,' review covers much more thali dis- Doctor Griffis has given this new edi- tinctive missionary work. Nearly 100 tion of the well known "Mikado's Em- pages are taken up with a clear state- pire" to the public. We can think of ment of the educational system of little in which this book would have Japan. Other subjects considered are: been improved. except by entire re- the foreign relations, business world, writing of all those portions on which and social work. About one-half further light is shed by the events that the volume deals with the direct mishave occurred since it was first com- sionary efforts, in publication work posed. It is rather awkward in the and churches. There are many force- last chapters of the work as it was, ful facts presented in connection with to find statements of probable coming the story of the year. The Y. M. C.

events, which have been rendered of A. work has been very important and no value by subsequent history-and far-reachihg; the Salvation Army has then find them supplemented by chap- accomplished much for social purity; ters which record that history. It is the Bible and tract societies have dis- like putting new cloth upon an old tributed thousands of Bibles and tracts; garment-there is a want of congruity. communicant members of Protestant But no one who knows Doctor Griffis churches number over 50,000, with as a historian will hesitate to accept 5,000 new members added during the his portraiture of Japan as both ac- year. One great problem now in Ja- curate and artistic. We have been pan is connected with the relation be- long accustomed to make this work on tween missionary and native church.

the sunrise kingdom an authority in There is no need to recall any wise its department. The present volumes missionary-on the contrary more are are designed to bring this historical needed. review down to the beginning of 1906.

JAPAN As IT WAS AND Is. By Richard Two YEARS AMONG NEW GUINEA CAN- Hildreth. Edited and revised by Ernest NIBALS. By A. E. Pratt. Illustrated.

W. Clements. Illustrated. 2 vols. 12mo. 8vo. 360 pp. $4.00, net. J. B. Lippincott 401 and 388 pp. $3.00 net. O. C. Mc- Clurg & Co., Chicago. 1906. & Co., Philadelphia, 1906.

?0 one who reads this interesti~g volume can have any doubt as to the This book was first published in need for missionary work among these 1855, and showed Japan as it was at degraded savages. Side by side should that date. Hildreth believed in the be placed the story of such work as coming greatness of Japan but did not that by James Chalmers. The contrast live to see it. Professor Clement has is tremendous and gives a stimulus to added the picture of Japan as it is to- our faith and hope. day, and the contrast is marvelous. Mr. Pratt is a scientist and spent his The transformation is not yet complete, but the missionaries have had two years in purely scientific observaand still have a large part in bringing tions among the New Guinea aborigit -;.bout. We heartily recommend ines. His account avoids dry scientific ..nese volumes for their historical value data, and gives instead tHe personal in particular. experiences of the author and his ob- servations on the character and cus- THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN JAPAN. Pub- toms of the people. H has thus a lished for the Standing Committee of distinct missionary value, especially Cooperating Christian Missions. Edited the chapters on natfve manners and by Rev. Daniel C. Greene. 8vo. 300 pp. customs. Surely the dark places of Methodist Publishing House, Tokio. 1906. the earth are full of the habitations of This is the fourth annual issue of cruelty. Cannibalism, witchcraft, sor- an important manual. It shows more cery, murder, licentiousness, and rob- clearly than any other publication the bery are too common to cause com- progress of Christianity in Japan. The m~nt in these savage lands.

PEARLS OF THE PACIFIC. Bv V. A. Barra- Abel are explained by saying that it dale. Illustrated. 8vo. 192 pp. 2S 6d. has been transposed bodily from the London Missionary Society, 1907. time of the Judges or later! The in- genuity of the authOr is the only . The story of missionary work in ground for such a transposition. Doc- Samoa is graphically told in this well- tor Tarbell deals too freely with the illustrated volume. The facts are not Biblical text to satisfy many students, as well known as are those concerning but her book endeavors to expl:<in its Fiji, the New Hebrides, and New teachings and to suggest practical Guinea. The early history of missions truths rather than deal with critical here is most interesting, and while questions. there have been many complications and trials in late years, the fruit of As one of the results of the Cair~ missionary labor is eyident and en- Conference, and in addition to the couraging. The account of the foreign survey papers published in this missionary work of the South Sea country under the title of "The Mochurches is particularly interesting. hammedan World To-clay," an inter- esting volume is in preparation on THE PROTESTANT MISSIONARY DIRECTORY OF the condition of women in Moslem INDIA. Compiled by John Husband. Scot- lands. Miss A. Van Sommer, the tish Mission Industries, Ajmere, Indla. editor of "Blessed be Egypt," is col- r9Q6. lecting materi 1 for the book, and it promises to be a unique presentation We have found this a most useful of what Islam has done and has not and carefully edited directory. It con- clone for the more than roo,ooo,OOO tains the names, addresses and societies women in the Mohammedan world. of all Protestant Missionaries in India with alphabetical indexes of names NEW BOOKS and stations. We wish that all mission lands had men who would take A CHAPTER OF CHINESE HISTORY. By the trouble to compile similar volumes. Dwight Goddard. Pamphlet. 60 pp. Less satisfactory ones are now to be Cleveland, Ohio, 1906. had for China, Japan, Korea, and South Africa. There are now over SOUTH AMERICA-A Mission Field. Bishop 100 societies at work in India in about Thomas B. Neeley. Jennings & Graham, 500 stations and represented by 3,500 Cincinnati, 1906. missionaries. THE LIFE OF SIR GEORGE WILLfAMS, Founder TARBELL'S TEACHER'S GUIDE to the Interna- of the Young Men's Christian Associa- tional Sunday-school Lessons for 1907. By Martha Tarbell. Maps. Illustrated. tion. By J. E. Hodder Williams. 12mo. 8vo, 553 pp. $1.25. Babbs-Merrill Co., $1.25. A. C. Armstrong & Sons, New Indianapolis. 1906. York, 1906. Doctor Tarbell has compiled a very TH~ PRICE OF WINNING SOULS. By Charles complete, systematic, illuminating and useful volume, especially adapted for L. Goodell. Booklet, IDe. Fleming H. teachers of senior and advanced Revell Co., New York, 1907. classes. In addition to notes on the history and geography of the Old Tes- MASTER MISSIONARIES. Alexander H. Japp. tament, it give;; a brief exposition of each passage, Oriental side-lights, il- (New edition.) 12mo. 398 pp. 3s. 6d. lustrative anecdotes, topics for discussion and practical moral lessons. net. T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1906.

There are some points which will THE MOSLEM PERIL. By W. Roger Jones. not be satisfactory to either advanced Pamphlet. Published by the authG~.. or conservati.ve critics. Doctor Tarbell Sanderstead, Surrey, England, 1906. says, for instance, that the diffi.cuIties connected with the story of Cam and LIFE OF JOHN MURDOCK. By Henry Mor- ris. 3S. 6d. Christian Literature So- ciety for India. London. 1906.

THE PRINT OF HIS SHOE. Forty Years' Missionary Experience in the South Side of Edinburgh. By James Goodfel- low" IS. 6d. Oliphant, Anderson & Fer- rier, Edinburgh. 1906.

POINTS FOR PASTORS. By Rev. A. W. Hal- sey. Leaflet. Presbyterian Board of For- eign Missions, New York. 1907.