The Missionary Review of the World — August 1917

by Newman Traveltales and Brown and

A RELIC OF OLD CHINA AND OF CHINESE EXCLUSIVENESS The great wall, which extends over 2,500 miles along tbe Northern boundary of China. It averages forty feet high and twenty feet broad. There is a watch tower evt:!y three hundred yards

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ _.

VOL. August, 19] 7 NUMBER E,GHT XL SIGNS OF THE TIMES CHINA'S UNREST AND MISSIONS T HE Chinese proverb says that "a good horse cannot wear two saddles"-an axiom disregarded at this critical period in the na- tion's history. The Republic came into existence in I 9 I I because of the determination of leaders; mainly from the South, who were opposed to the foreign domination of the Manchus and were in favor of a government by the people. The provisional President, Dr. Sun Yatsen, was a Southerner. Yuan Shih-k'ai, the first regular occupant of the presidential chair, had been an upholder of the Manchu regime, and his downfall came from his reversion to the monarchical scheme. President Li, who succeeded him, had been in the front rank of the Revolution at the very outset as general of the Wuchang contingent. Naturally he is not at all inclined to a return to the monarchy. But a Northern minority, influential, not from numbers, but becau~e of their military aspirations, was led on by Governor Chang Hsiin into the declaration of restoration on July 2 which made the deposed boy Emperor of 1911 China's sole ruler. Such a reversion is intolerable for the South, and hence the "good horse" of Government is actually being ridden by two would-be heads of State.

Incidentally the United States is largely responsible for the present status, since without the active advocacy of the diplomatic break with Germany which President Li was induced to make by Americans, the divisive question of declaring war might not have arisen. President Li, when deposed by the Manchu party, fled to the Japanese Legation so that Japan is not a negligible quantity in the political maze. The China situation is indeed in their phrase, "sevens confused, eights in revolution,"-worse than our "at sixes and sevens."

What is the significance of these rumors and kaleidoscopic changes? The Chinese are fundamentally lovers of peace and are very little in:'

terested in politics. Mencius declared as Confucianism's belief that the people stood first in importance, the spirits of the grain second and the sovereign last of all. Yet the right to revolt against the Emperor was to be exercised only when he was manifestly unrighteous and disregardful of the people's good. After nearly six years of the Republic, the masses care very little whether they are ruled by a president or an emperor. The present conflict is between a small but influential group of ardent -Republicans of the South and a clique of Manchu adherents. It makes little difference to the people which party is victorious, so long as taxes are not too heavy and they are permitted to pursue the even tenor of their life. If the action of the anti-German party were likely in the future to bring the Kaiser's mailed fist heavily down upon them, they would express their displeasure. As it is, there seems no serious danger of any popular uprising, such as followed foreign aggressions in North China in 1900. Even in that Boxer year, except in the North, few cared anything about the conflict until the conclusion of peace brought the heavy indemnities of succeeding years. China's leaders must see the serious possibilities of Japanese interference if civil war should arisf' in their country, but that also troubles the people very little.

A victory for Chang Hsun and the Imperialists would mean a modified Constitution more nearly like Japan's than any other. A republic, to be successful, must rest upon general intelligence and a degree of altruism that has not been manifest in the five years of the Republic. It would be easier to find men qualified to administer such a government well than to secure a public spirited Senate and House, to use our terms. I f the Manchus should return to power it is probable that Confucianism would be once more the State religion. It was only by the most strenuous effort that Christians and others prevented the effort to put Confucianism into the Constitution of the Republic a few months ago. A limited monarchy would no doubt permit entire freedom of religion, but a victory for the Republicans would be more favorable to Christianity. Whatever the outcome, missionaries have not been affected by the changed conditions, nor do they seem likely to be. Mission schools are a great ally to the emerging civilization of the new era.

AWAKENINGS IN MOSLEM LANDS T HE changes that have come on account of the war indicate already the dawn of new opportunities in West Arabia, on the borders of Palestine, and in Egypt. Newspaper evangelism in Cairo has been very fruitful, as was described by Dr. S. M. Zwemer in our April number. This kind of work seems to be limited only by ability to pay for the articles published. What is published in Cairo is carried by the wings of the postal service to the utmost confines of the Arabic-reading world, and the postal system of Egypt is one of the best.

The new kingdom of Mecca, which is a direct result of the war, has

OF THE

its own postal service and a new era is opened in the life of Arabia. Mecca has become the capital of a new kingdom. The Turkish power has disappeared and the Grand Sherif was declared king of Arabia on November 4, 19 I 6, when new flags were flying over government buildings. Two hours after sunrise the Grand Sherif entered the Kaaba with the members of his family and the notables. The chief Cadi of Mecca gave a proclamation to Sheikh Abdul Malik el-Khatib to read to the crowds assembled. All took the oath of allegiance, including the sherifs, officials, notables and others. Orders have been given to the post and telegraph departments to lay telephone wires between Mecca and Jidda. The fee for communication between the towns has been reduced to two and a half piastres for every three minutes (12 cents), which is also the telegraph fee for every ten words. There are rumors of a wireless telegraph, and a Chamber of Commerce has been created at the port of Jidda. Best of all, the new government has decided to create schools in Mecca and other towns for free education.

Another sign of the times, noted by Dr. S. M. Zwemer in a recent letter, is the new interest in the education and uplift of womanhood. In spite of the war the Arabic reform paper, as-Sufur, devoted to the removal of the veil, polygamy and divorce in Islam, makes its regular appearance. Efforts of this sort, although destru<;tive rather than constructive, will help to elevate the home life of Egypt. The Young Women's Christian Association is proposing to publish a magazine for the girls and women of Egypt. Leaders of thought in Egypt are to contribute articles, some of which will be in Arabic, some in English, some in French and one, at least, will be in two languages. It is proposed to include articles on history, biography, current events, women's sphere in the home and work in the world, the education and training of the child, with information on social, moral and religious matters, while considerable space will be given to dress, art, needlework, music, cookery, etc.

Dr. Zwemer considers this one of the most strategic and living proposals of advance effort amid all the diverse and manifold plans of missionary work. Dr. Nimr, editor of the leading Arabic daily in Cairo, writes: "Such a magazine as is proposed, if it succeeds in finding its way to the schools and homes of the daughters of the Near East, will be a help to them to guard against the effects of the environment as it is, and continue their onward progress in life."

NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN RUSSIA R USSIAN envoys have received a cordial welcome in America and the American envoys have been given an equally hearty reception . in Russia. The two largest democracies, the oldest and the youngest are thus drawing together. More than this, the ideals and purposes of the two great nations of the two hemispheres are being tuned into harmony-ideals for justice, liberty, love and peace. The

spy system is abolished, Jews are emancipated, religious liberty is actually experienced by the people so long in bondage to a political, autocratic and unenlightened Church. "Sectarians" are no longer under the ban. Exiles for conscience sake have been recalled. Pastor William Feder, now in America, hopes before long to return to Petrograd. It is not now a crime for an evangelical minister to persuade a member of the "Orthodox Church" to join another church. Pastor Feder's brother, who was exiled to Siberia, has returned home and in Petrograd has conducted evangelistic open air meetings in the N evsky Prospect, at which men were converted. All this was done without opposition of priests or police. Converts may now be baptized without special permission. A correspondent in Petrograd writes: "Glory be to God, Russia is now a free country. The chains of bondage are broken. The door for God's work is wide open. Three Sundays have been given us for meetings free of charge in the City Hall. There is much need of prayer." A new era has indeed dawned for Russia.

What will the evangelical Christian church do to enter the newly opened door among 182,000,000 people? The American Methodist Church already has a mission in Petrograd. The Disciples are considering entering the field. Pastor Feder, who represents the Baptists, has launched (June 27) the "Russian Missionary and Educational Society" as an interdenominational mission with branches in Petrograd, Moscow, Riga and elsewhere. The plan includes an educational center for the training of Russian Evangelists, a Bible and Tract Society and several gospel halls. The foundations of the Society have already been laid in America, and Rev. Courtland Myers, D.D., pastor of Tremont Temple, Boston, has accepted the presidency. The work has many friends in America and has been richly blessed in Russia. The Petrograd mission has a valuable property-the "Dom Evangelica;" the Moscow work has been successful and the Riga work has been using a Russian Orthodox Church, which was renamed the "Dom Golgotha."* The enemies of Russia are still working for the downfall of the young democracy by means of secret agents, misleading literature and the distribution of vodka among soldiers and prisoners. It behooves friends of Russia and of Jesus Christ to offer salvation to the great Slavic people by Christian missionaries, evangelical literature and the free distribution of the Water of Life. There is even more reason than formerly to believe that the Gospel work for Russian prisoners in Germany will have a far-reaching effect. Thousands will return home with minds filled with Gospel truth, to live it, to preach it, and to found churches dedicated to the living Christ. The Russian people are intensely religious. Russia is a fertile field for evangelical work. A regenerated Russia would mean a great regenerating force for Europe and for Asia.

* Pastor Fetler is seeking to raise $9,000 to save this valuable property from a mort- gage foreclosure, and the work from disintegration.-EDIToR.

WORK FOR THE SOLDIER IN EUROPE T HE "Church Army" has been at work for the British troops in France along the lines made familiar by the Young Men's Chris- tion Association. In appealing for one hundred marquees to be set up at points in France recently captured by British forces, the follow- ing statement is made in the Life of Faith: "The Church Army, from the very beginning of the war, has laid great stress on the spiritual aspect of its war work. It has not been con- tent with providing ample facilities for recreation and writing; it has steadily pushed on with its noble spiritual campaign, and has thought its work incomplete unless men were won for Christ. The object, therefore, of the hundred marquees is to capture the conquered territory for Christ. Having won the land for freedom, the Church Army desires to claim the men who won it for God.

"We can hardly realize what it means to come back from the trenches, nor can we fully realize how receptive are the men to the wonderful words of life. They have looked death in the face; they have felt, in a strange manner, the powers of the world to come; they have come in contact with the unseen and the eternal. And, amid the strange reactions of the hour, they are prepared to listen to the message of peace as never before in their experience."

Bishop Brent, who has been in France and England, expresses the belief that the war, in the main, has made for constructive belief, but there is no clear evidence of regeneration. In France he found evidence of a quickened interest in religion and in some places the churches crowded with worshipers. In England and in the British army he reports: "Large numbers of men-men of culture, character, position, and wealth-who prior to the war were drifting along without any serious aim, have found their souls in the war." He does not say that they have found Christ. From Italy we receive the report that the WaIdenses are witnessing a good confession among their fellow soldiers. Some are inducing their companions to read the New Testament. An officer, not long ago admitted to church fellowship, has managed that all oaths and foul language have been banished from the mess table, and has seized every opportunity for making known the peace which he has found in Christ. It is the individual testimony and daily life of Christian soldiers that has greater effect than the religious services.

A UNION MOVEMENT AMONG LUTHERANS I T is four hundred years since Martin Luther nailed his ninety-five theses on the door of Castle Church in Wittenburg. Today there are one hundred and eighty million people who believe in the main contentions of the Reformation. Of these some twenty millions are Lutherans, but they include numerous divisions. Even in North America

there are about two million Lutherans allied in the General Synod, the United Synod, the Norwegian Lutherans, the Swedish Lutherans and other bodies. Verily it is a much divided church.

Some steps were taken at the convention of the General Synod, which met in Chicago in June, looking toward an organic union with the General Council and the United Synod of the South. It would be a great gain in efficiency and in co-operation if many of the Lutheran bodies in North America would so unite and organize for aggressive missionary and educational work at home and abroad. What could more fittingly mark the four hundredth Anniversary of the Reformation?

Great interest marked the meeting of the General Synod at which this action was considered. Delegates were present from the General Council and from the United Synod, and the chairmen sat with the president of the General Synod during the discussion. The vote in favor of union was unanimous. The entire body rose as if moved by one Spirit with a desire to put an end to division. It still remains for the other two bodies to take action. If this is favorable, as seems probable, then the district synods of all three bodies will act. There is good reason to hope that there will soon be a great United Lutheran Church in North America, made up of a million communicant members.

ADVANCE IN JEWISH MISSIONS STEPS taken at the recent conference of the American Hebrew Chris- tian Alliance (described on another page) show a marked advance in the whole spirit and plan of campaign for the evangelization of the Jews. At this third annual conference there were representatives from practically all the evangelical Jewish Missions. The delegates were for the most part Hebrew Christians, but many Gentiles were also present. In the past, the lack of harmony among Jewish Christian workers has been a great hindrance, but at Pittsburgh the spirit of unity was wonderfully manifest.

Progress was made in the establishment of the "Hebrew Christian Witness," a fellowship of believing Jews, for the purpose of promoting Christianity among their fellow Hebrews. A special missionary was selected and the Hebrew Christian workers themselves subscribed at the conference $2,000 toward his support. It is expected that an additional $ I ,000 will enable them to support a. second worker. These gifts mean real sacrifice and a devotion to the cause of Christ. This evangelist will travel among Hebrew Christian missions for the purpose of promoting harmony and real co-operation. A Gentile Christian committee has also been selected to co-operate with the conference and the Hebrew Christian Witness to appoint an auditor of accounts and to act as a Board of Reference. A Hebrew Christian quarterly is published to represent this united work of those who have so long been divided. There is Christian statesmanship in the program proposed.

®EDITORlIAL OO•MMlEN'JI' ® 1,&

',". iOhiu' 'UUU ,~".o; ~ _ U"U1J" .UiJ"U"'. a:n:ru'" • THE WAR AND THE CHILDREN L IFE itself is the greatest of all schools and the world we live in teaches children more than all their other teachers. What is it teaching the children of today in and out of Christendom? An Associated Press Correspondent writes of the effects of the war on the children of Northern France: "The French children found in the villages of Northern France evacuated by the Germans under the pressure of the British and French offensives present a pic- ture of the savagery of modern warfare as characteristic as the Somme forest, shat- tered and broken by months of shellfire. Many of these children are orphans, without home or relatives. Many have been grievously wounded. Most of them suffer from a peculiar species of shell shock which afflicts them generally with a sort of tremor not unlike St. Vitus's dance. They have had life and death, horrors human and inhuman, revealed to them in guises so terrible that they will never be quite normal again. All are underfed and frail from confinement in cellars. Cut off suddenly from relatives and friends perhaps two years ago, they have continued to live within a few hundred yards of the front lines, listening always to the thud of shells and the crash of explosives, until their idea of heaven is 'a place that is very quiet.' "

In the great areas of the war children have been the victims and the witnesses. Their ideals of life's values, their sense of human relations, their conceptions of character and of influence will have taken shape from what they saw and experienced of war. And outside of these areas the war is fashioning the thoughts of the children who are to control the world in the coming generation. They are saying farewell to fathers or to mothers who will not come back. They are hearing constant talk of conflict, of treachery, of spies, of deeds and agencies of destruction. Far away in distant lands, as yet remote from the struggle, they are hearing confused and perplexed talk about it and of which they understand not much, but this at least-that if men love one another it is not with the love that is stronger than death. The children of the world are undergoing an education in a school where they learn that the world is not yet ready for the Kingdom of Peace.

But the lessons of the ideal are glorious lessons, too. These children ought not to grow up mean and selfish. They see their fathers and their brothers going out, not for money or for pleasure but for duty and truth. They feel the thrill of the great loyalties to honor and righteousness and God. They see that all things are to be held as nothing that stand in the way of a man's service of his nation and the nation's service of humanity. Ease and softness, they are shown, are things to be laughed at, and hardship not so much to be enqured as welcomed with joyful derision. It ought to be far easier to get missionaries from the next generation.

MOBILIZING THE CHURCHES SEVERAL of the denominational bodies have taken steps to organize their forces for moral and spiritual service in connection with the war. The battles for purity and Christian character will be more intense and constant in the training camps and trenches than are the fierce struggles on the battle fronts of Europe and Asia. And defeat in the former conflicts will bring worse consequences.

The churches must be mobilized for prayer, for personal work among the soldiers and sailors and for the distribution of Bibles and other Christian literature. Other organizations are planning to care for the social and physical needs of our fighting forces. The churches must care for their spiritual needs.

At the recent general assembly in Dallas, the Presbyterian Church (North) appointed a representative commission of one hundred ministers and laymen to unite all of the five million Presbyterians in this work for the spiritual welfare of our fighting forces in America and Europe. Rev. John F. Carson, D.D., of Brooklyn, is the chairman. The commission proposes to call the Church to a clearer consciousness of God, a deeper devotion to Christ, a more whole-hearted loyalty to the national welfare and a more consecrated and sacrificial enlistment in the service of men. The Methodist Episcopal and other denominations are also looking toward a spiritual harvest in the present crisis.

Many individual churches and other organizations are fully awake to their opportunities and responsibilities. Not only are they centers for nurses, Red Cross, registration, relief work, Boy Scouts, and Home Defense, but they are holding special prayer meetings for men at the front, are posting the names of their enlisted men, are supplying them with Testaments, sending letters, church calendars and other remembrances to keep absent ones in touch with the home church. Some churches are keeping open house for soldiers and sailors, are also active in the campaign for national prohibition and are soliciting funds to help in the various forms of Christian work for soldiers. One of the best forms of personal service within reach of camps and points where guards are stationed is the welcoming of soldiers and men of the navy to Christian homes, where they come under the refining influences of wholesome recreation when off duty.

The ability of Americans to learn the lessons God would teach us in this war, their manifestations of truly Christian character, and their readiness to take advantage of the opportunities for truly Christlike service, will determine the future position and power of the Church and the nation. This is a time to quicken consciences, not to deaden them; a time to extend Christian work at home and abroad, not to shorten our lines; a time for greater sacrifices for the work of Christ and not for curtailing benevolences because of increased expenses and the multiplied demands due to the war.

COMMENT s6<

SAFEGUARDING SOLDIERS' MORALS T HE sentiment and conditions connected with life in the army and the navy have changed remarkably in the last twenty-five years. An army chaplain describes the swearing, drinking, card-playingchaplain who was formerly too often placed in charge of the religious services and spiritual work among soldiers. Today, the political, social, military and religious forces are working together to safeguard from moral destruction those defending the country by land and sea. There was a strong fight against giving up the sailor's grog, the soldier's canteen and the intoxicants of the officer's mess, but few honest patriots can be found today who will not acknowledge that the new regime is better.

The War Department is vigorously seeking to eliminate the low dives, saloons and houses of ill fame in the zones surrounding the training camps of the army. Notorious resorts at El Paso and San Antonio have been closed and a letter was sent to mayors, chiefs of police and chairmen of state committees of defense, enclosing the new Congressional law against such evils and saying that where these laws are not obeyed training camps will be removed from the section.

This order of the War Department covers the mobilization camps, officers' training camps, army camps, and since June 9th to naval camps like those at Philadelphia and Brooklyn. The army bill provides in substance as follows: The President has power to make regulation governing the prohibition of alcoholic liquors in and near military camps, except that liquors are absolutely prohibited within all camps, forts and officers' or enlisted men's clubs. It is unlawful to sell intoxicating liquors, including beer, ale or wine, to any officer or member of the military forces while in uniform except for medicinal purposes. The Secretary of War is empowered and directed to do everything necessary to suppress and prevent the keeping or setting up of houses of ill fame within such distance from military camps, etc., as he may deem advisable, and severe penalties are provided for those who violate these restrictions.

A Commission on Training Cainp Activities, appointed to advise on these matters, includes Raymond B. Fosdick, chairman, John R. Mott, and Major Palmer E. Pierce.

Mr. Fosdick outlines the Commission's aims as follows: "Our first function is aimed, of course, to do away with the evils that have been too often associated with army life, not only in America, but in Europe. Our boys are to be drafted into service. We cannot afford to draft them into a demoralizing environment. The responsibility of the Government is doubly obvious in view of the measure of conscription. A man might volunteer for service and run his chance with vicious surroundings. When conscription comes into play, however, the Government itself must assume the responsibility for eliminating these evils. . . • "On the positive side of our program is the necessity of competing with 'demoralizing influences,' such as the saloon and the vice-resort. This function of

our work divides itself naturally into several lines. Within the camp, activities of the Y. M. C. A., an organization now officially recognized by an executive order of the President as Commander-in-Chief of the Armies, form an important part in the recreational program.

"In some communities, for example, outside the camps, there will be 'canteens' for the soldiers run by women's organizations, where food and tobacco can be obtained at cost prices, and where an opportunity will be afforded for meeting and talking with women. In Toronto the 'Take the Soldier Home for Dinner Movement' was organized, and through this agency a number of men found homes which they could visit whenever they were on leave in the city. Work of this kind can be multiplied almost indefinitely. There must be plenty of recreation to absorb the surplus energies of the soldiers in their hours of relaxation."

NATIVE RACES AFTER THE WAR O NE of the most important questions resulting from the war will be the relation of natives in conquered territory to their con- querors. Will German territory in Africa and the Pacific be held by the Allies or returned to Germany? What will be the fate of Turkey and Persia? These questions involve the destiny of thirty millions of men and women. Are they to be considered or will they be bartered like so many sheep?

Rev. John H. Harris, of the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protec- tion Society, makes the very practical suggestion that the belligerents include in their treaty of peace the agreement that, within one year after the declaration of peace, an international Congress be called to consider the condition of native subject races and to amend the laws.

The subjects to be considered by such a congress would include: I. The liquor and opium traffic. 2. Slavery contract and enforced labor. 3. Intertribal strife and traffic in firearms. 4. Native ownership and development of land. 5. Commercial treaties and development of natural resources. 6. Educational and governmental problems. 7. Social, industrial and physical betterment of natives.

In many places it will be better to bar white traders from restricted areas, and to adopt a definite program for educational, industrial and social improvement. Slave trading still exists in some parts of the world, and contract labor is virtually slavery. Strong drink, firearms, sexual irregularities and disease are decimating native races and pre- vent physical, moral and spiritual progress. The path to reform is the study of causes and cures for depopulation and degeneration by com- paring the experience of various colonizing nations.

The problem of subject or child races is worthy of an interna- tional congress. The varied experience of Germany, Great Britain, America, Holland and France offers a great opportunity for an inter- . change of ideas and a united program for the betterment of primitive peoples. The Christian missionary interests should be strongly repre- sented in such a congress.

GREAT WATER GATE OF

To the right is the Chien-mien gate) the entrance to the avenue leading to the "Forbidden City"

Some Relics of Old China The Chinese City WaIls and Some Stories They Tell BY REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, TSINGTAU, SHANTUNG, CHINA. Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions Tlte 1,700 walled cities of Cltina are closely linked witlt tlte past; tltey are also a cltallenge to tlte Church of Cltrist. Mr. Scott li'lJCS in one of them and kno'U-'s wltereof Ite speaks T HE walls that enclose the cities of China-a vast number of which have not yet been entered by the heralds of Christ-remind us of its hoary civilization. The more one considers them, the more he is filled with wonder at the panorama of history they unroll.

It is well to remember that when Moses led the Israelites through the Wilderness, Chinese laws and literature and Chinese religious knowledge excelled that of Egypt; that, a hundred years before King David sang his psalms, the Emperor Wang Wung composed classics of austere morality which are to-day committed to memory by every advanced scholar in China; that, while Homer was composing and singing the Iliad, China's blind minstrels were celebrating her ancient heroes whose tombs had already been with them through nearly thirteen centuries. China's literature was already fully developed before

England was invaded by the Normans; the Chinese invented firearms as early as the reign of the first Edward, and the art of printing was in use in China 500 years before Caxton was born. The Chinese made paper A.D. 150, and gunpowder about the commencement of the Chris- tian era. A thousand years ago the forbears of John Chinaman sold elegant silks to the Romans and dressed themselves in exquisite fabrics when the inhabitants of the British Isles wore coats of blue paint and fished from willow -woven canoes.

The civilization of which these things speak was worked out by the Chinese inside the walls of their cities. Beaten by the storms of ages, these walls are still standing, and they are to-day symbols and reminders of this ancient glory. Few other objects in this age-long land of seclusion are more calculated to suggest China's substantiality, her pride and antiquity, her achievements, her self-sufficiency, her exclusiveness.

Babylon's walls were on of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world, and to-day the traveler may get some idea of their magnitude and extent by a walk around Nanking on top of the twenty-three miles of brick and earth and stone that enclose that ancient southern capital. One may get some conception of vast spaces and of multitudes of men hived therein from the walls of Peking, massive and forbidding. From here one may gaze upon the teeming life of the northern capital and watch the human tides as they surge through the great, dark portals piercing these ramparts of gray stone.

Dr. Ernst Faber, the German sinologue, has said: "Rebellions in China have occurred on a large scale over fifty times in about 2,000 years, and local rebellions over some province are almost yearly events -numberless. It is impossible to calculate how many hundreds of millions of human lives have been sacrificed during these rebellions." In every instance city walls have played a preponderating part. Even so late as I 900 a handful of determined foreigners, commanding a stretch of the Peking Wall, withstood, in one of the most memorable sieges of history, a horde of wolfish besiegers. Again, during the Revolution of 191 I and the Rebellion of 19 13, the walls of Shanghai and of Nanking and of Wuchang suggested, in horrible red, how a few daring men behind them could work havoc in the rank·s of a large and well-equipped army of attackers.

Sitting like a queen-proud, exclusive, self-centered, defiant-in the midst of a great plain, stands many a city, calculated to pique the curiosity, particularly because of the encompassing walls that hide the life within. They intimate mysteries that the human spirit fain would unravel. To the uninitiated they are something tantalizing, altogether baffling.

RELICS OF OLD CHINA

But as the name of the notorious isthmian city of Gree~e came to be made into a verb, signifying bestiality enthroned, the acme of every sort of wickedness-"to Corinthianize"-so it has even been that the cities of the heathen world, including those of Asia "east of Suez," have been centers of every evil. And China has been and is no exception. To walk on any city wall or to pass through any city gate makes the heart sick for pity-if the gazer have understanding to divine the meaning of what his eyes behold.

There are thousands upon thousands of the smaller, second-class walled cities-county seats and big market towns. Often the latter are larger in area and with more impressive walls than the administrative centers. But the walls of any county seat would be typical of all.

The wall is some fifty or more feet high, twelve to twenty feet broad at the top, the inner and outer surfaces and level top faced with brick or stone. At the outer edge and extended on above is a parapet, pierced every few feet with portholes for archers and other defenders.

Outside the wall and extending all around it is a deep, wide moat, the soil that was dug away to make it being piled between the brick or stone facings of the wall. Through that moat, filled with water, once struggled foemen armed with sword and spear and lance and battle-ax, while from above the defenders rained down stones and darts and arrows. Now, in many cases, this moat is a humble onion-bed or wheatfield or truck garden. Often it is dump ground or shoestring pond, covered with green scum, stagnant, odoriferous with indescribable filth, a fertile breeder of mosquitoes and culture laboratory of serious epidemics.

The conventional thing is to have the walls pierced by gates on the north, south, east and west. At each of these entrances a simple but ingenious engineering plan was adopted. Each one was fronted by an outer gate and connected by walls, thus forming a more or less regular rectangular court outside the real gate. Upon the four walls, joining the outer and inner gates, many defenders could easily and quickly assemble from all points and pour a deadly concentrated hail of missiles upon invaders, who, when inside the outer gate, not only have not gotten into the city, but are caught like rats in a trap.

Each one of these massive entrance gates is usually crowned with a huge tower, a guardian of the wall-citadel or temple, or both. In these towers I have frequently found ancient, dismantled cannon, cast by the Jesuits and having their seal, reminding of the days of their astonishing domination of the Chinese court.

One does not need to walk far on one of these walls or through their gates to realize that Chinese superstition is omnipresent, inhabiting the air no less than the ground; for along it are many temples dedicated to and presided over by a whole pantheon of tutelary deities -powers that grip the people in a terrible vise, powers of darkness that wring the blood out of them, leaving them broken and spent.

One may profitably pause and look about at the realistic proofs of China's pristine material powers, as evidenced in these walls.

It is amazing to think of the money, the material, the time and the men expended in the century-long efforts to fortify against the inhumanity of unregenerate man in his incurable tendency to assault and grind down without cause the helpless and innocent. To realize what this has meant in China, one needs to think of how cheap life is in this land. what workers the Chinese are, and what huge undertak- ings they have carried out in order to defend themselves even so inadequately. All this is manifested in the concrete-in one engineering feat-by the Great Wall, erected for the same purpose as all the others: to keep out enemies. Built 220 years before Christ was born in Bethlehem, it contains material enough to make a wall five feet high encircling the globe. General Grant said it was the most impressive work of man that he had seen in the whole world. The emperor who set whole provinces to work on the construction of the Great Wall was actuated by fear of the Tartar bands that came from the North, looting and killing. The work of building the wall was continued for 1,700 years. For ten centuries the North sought in vain to burst through the barriers built by the Chinese. When isolated bands evaded the sentries, signal fires were started on every mountain peak, and Chinese armies advanced, putting the daring marauders to a horrible death.

But walls are no longer a powerful protection, as was proved when a German captain with a company of troops was sent from Tsingtau to a nearby city to come to an understanding with the Chinese official there. Halting his men outside the city walls, he attempted to send messengers to the magistrate, asking him to come out and talk it over. The magistrate refused, excusing his declination on the ground that it was market day, the city was full of anti-foreign strangers, and the presence of Germans in the city would be dangerous to the Germans! The great spiked iron gates were quickly closed and the "ambassage" was shut out. A party of Germans forthwith, to the amazement and fright of the citizens, scaled the wall, though its top is more than fifty feet above the moat. Another squad blew up the gate. In the meantime the magistrate fled in terror to the inner precincts of his yamen, disguised himself, and got his runners to rig out a fake magistrate in his official robes. But the soldiers ha'd brought a Chinese guide and interpreter who knew the real magistrate. Cringing and protesting, he was pulled out and was dragged through his own city streets, jammed with country folk. The escort, with rifles ready, pushed swiftly right through the dense mass of people, and went out of the ruined gate that they had so contemptuously blown up in the face of their enemies. The troopers, in grim horse-play. dragged the magistrate through the stream that flowed outside the city wall, and flung him at the feet of their leader.

When he had promised what was wanted he was allowed to slink

RELICS OF OLD CHINA

away toward the city, his people filling the walls and anxiously watching the comedy, his tragedy of pride and loss of face. Before them all he capered back through the stream, scarcely believing that he would not soon be hauled back. In the meantime his runners had arrived on the city side of the bank, and there deferentially awaited him with his official sedan chair and umbrellas. Clad like a beggar, but riding in state, he disappeared from the sight of his laughing visitors-hailed with joy as a conqueror returned from the jaws of death!

ONE OF THE GRIM PORTALS OF CHINA NOW WIDE OPEN TO THE lIfISSIONARY Over one of the big gates, the inner one whose wall forms one of the sides of the "rat trap" for invaders, is a Taoist temple, run by cunning, frowzy, libidinous priests. They make their living out of ~ theatre-the Chinese equivalent of the Western variety show-which they have there going all the while. As they are immediately over a busy thoroughfare, with steps leading directly up to them, they have plenty of visitors and take in much money. Fortunately for their prosperity, they have selected a particularly good spot. Being on the inner gate wall, which is purposely set not exactly in front of the outer, and its wall surface is likewise not parallel with the outer, they are sur<: that maliciously disposed demons can not approach the city from that direction. For, strange to say, though of supernatural power, they can move only in straight lines, and a twist or turn in a city street at its head bars all ingress to these tormenting spirits.

Over another gate of the wall is the Temple to the Fox.. The

creature is to the Chinese of this section analogous to what the were- wolf was once to Teutonic ancestors. Diabolical cunning, even more than uncanniness, characterizes it. As the potent agent of the devil, its special province is the tempting, seduction, and enslavement of women, coming to them in their hours of pain and weakness and mor- tal illness, and causing them to sell themselves, body and soul, to the devil as the price of relief and of ultimate restoration to health; when recovered by his power to become, as witches, his obedient, enthusiastic, indefatigable henchwomen. The Chinese claim that there are such women, creatures and victims of the Fox, in every village and city.

Inside the Fox Temple is a miniature temple to the Rat. Both are especially efficacious. A large poster on the wall reads-no official has yet ordered it down: CIA prayer to the Rat uttered in this temple is sure to be answered." Such especial efficacy has to be paid for, and the prayers bought here are relatively expensive. Nevertheless the place is much frequented-to the consequent fattening of the priests.

Walls and gates in every land are, consciously or unconsciously, an advertising medium of what the people are. In Christian America they speak to the public of energy, thrift, brain power applied to the amassing of wealth and to the ministering to the needs of the public. In China, on the other hand, walls and gates have long spoken a different language-that of seclusion and self-sufficiency, shutting out everything non-Chinese.

For centuries these massive walls of China's cities have in silence looked down upon the multiplied sorrows of her children-flood and famine, drought and plague, rebellion and massacre, idolatry and witchcraft, ignorance and superstition, deceit and fear, squalor and vice-all grinding the face of the poor in a woe that is beyond words. For centuries the people, seeking soul-rest and finding none, have surged through these frowning portals-their own religions pitiless and impotent to answer them. For centuries these hoary walls have forbidden entrance to the "Western Barbarians," while containing within themselves no comfort for bruised hearts; they knew only barter and the baser passions unleashed.

To-day these ancient barriers have in a new sense become helpless to help the people. They are as unable to keep out the modern spirit, the sordid aggression, and new sins of "Western Christian" nations, as was King Canute to stay the tide increeping; so that their indwellers stand to-day powerless before these subtly pervasive things-helpless as are their walls to resist the onslaughts of modern guns and soldiery. Foreign aggrandizement and foreign trade in poisoned stuff-"opium loaded" cigarettes, morphia, liquors, and all their cursed ilk, together with huge quantities of second-class war material at first-class pricesthese have already stalked inside the gates, and are outrageously assuming the attitude that the people within were created and exist solely for their exploitation.

RELICS OF OLD CHINA

But, thank God! these same portals that have for ages stood against storm and siege, and that would, had they the power, shut out these modern undesirables, to-day invite the missionary. Their need calls to him to come and give their people beauty for ashes, the spirit of praise for the garment of heaviness, hope for hopelessness, and life for dry bones. Their indwellers are at sea; the old spiritual foundations are breaking up; and they turn in the direction that offers them succor and soul peace. .

Now, for the first time in Chinese history, the portals of 1,700 of China's greatest walled cities-not to speak of the many smaller ones in each province, as well as of big market towns-invite the Gospel, so that they are become thresholds of opportunity, doorways of invitation, flung wide open and held open waiting for Christianity to enter and occupy.

Until very recently these gates were sealed in sullen pride and haughty resentment against "barbarian intrusion." Only a few months ago, Li Yuan Hung, then President of the Republic, asked John R. Mott to urge the Church to occupy these cities and to do it at once. For one hundred years the Church has made but little impression upon these strongholds of heathenism, but now they are ready to listen. Is the Church ready for this vast emprise?

The situation is urgent and perilous beyond comparison in the history of the Christian Church. The destinies of hundreds of millions, both of this generation and of those unborn-incalculably vast in number-hang in the balance. Verily, the gentry who dwell within these walls and pass out and in through these gates are now seeking the Gospel message. This is the Day of Opportunity of the Christian Church. Sixty years ago the Church had one unique chance-which it let slip-in the early days of the Tai Ping Rebellion, when the Reformers filled the streams with idols and asked for the knowledge of the Living God. And, for bread, the Church gave a stone-with the immediate result that the Manchu usurpers, one of the worst dynasties that ever misruled China, became the more firmly seated, and perhaps one hundred million people perished in the cataclysm. The country sank the deeper thereby into the woes of opium, idolatry, and grinding poverty, of squalor and misery and superstition, with all the accompanying hell-born brood of heathenism. Within sixty years history has twice laid on the palm of the Church the opportunity to take China for Christ, and if this one is neglected, God pity the Church!

Already there is a movement of reaction against progressivism and a fair field for all religions. It emanates from the cities, centers of power. It is rapidly taking shape in plans formed to run counter to " the foreign religion," and temples and idols are being restored. The King's business requireth haste. Whatever leverage we intend to exert for good upon the cities of China, we ought to bring to bear with power, and at once. To-day their younger leaders are plastic. Five years hence, it is believed, may be too late.

for Religious Liberty for

BY THE REV. ARTHUR H. SMITH, D.D., PEKING, CHINA Author of "China in Convulsion," etc.

T HE huge Chinese Republic can scarcely be described as a Ship of . State, for it lacks many of the equipments of such a craft.

N either is it fair, as we used to do, to characterize it as merely a Junk of State, for much of its navigating apparatus is modern. At presents it resembles those "lorchas" of a century ago, which to a hull of European model added the rig of an ordinary Chinese coasting vessel.

The difference is that the Republic has a Chinese hull, and above decks a more or less Occidental outfit. It is still, however, largely navigated on the ancient lines.

Early in March, 1912, the hastily constructed Provisional Constitu- tion was adopted by the small group of progressive men then acting as a rudder for the whole Empire. The second general division of this document headed "Citizens" contained an article (V) as follows: "Citizens of the Chinese Republic are all equal, and there shall be no radial, class, or religious distinctions."

The next article was composed of seven clauses defining the rights of citizens, such as freedom from arrest except by due process of law, immunity from search, rights of property, freedom of trade, of speech, of publication, of association, privacy of correspondence, liberty of residence and removal, and"the freedom of religion."

During the early part of the presidency (or reign) of Yuan Shihkai, after the Parliament had met, a committee of thirty from each house endeavored to complete a permanent Constitution. Their object was so to limit the powers of the President as to render him merely the agent of the Parliament. Such limitations President Yuan was not disposed to allow. The "Punitive Expedition" against the rule of Yuan organized in the summer of 19 I 3, in which many members of Parliament were implicated was overcome by northern troops and gave the President a more or less valid excuse for dissolving Parliament in November. After the death of Yuan (June 6, 1916) there was a period of uncertainty. The Parliament of 1913 had been chosen for a three years' term which had already expired. To wait for the setting in motion of the clumsy machinery for the election of another Parliament would involve a delay of many months, imposing upon the unsettled minds of the Chinese people a strain which they could not have expected to bear. It was therefore by general consent agreed to overlook the irregularity and to assume that the former Parliament was lawful, the Yuan dictatorship being regarded as an unavoidable parenthesis in its functions. When the Parliament reassembled it moved with extreme deliberation, giving little promise of any relief to the anxious people. Joint sessions of the upper house (Senate) and the lower body functioned as a Constitutional Con- vention which spent most of its time in hammering out a new document, largely after the model of the French constitution, making Parliament the center and the President secondary. This was recognized by im- partial observers as not the right way to make a constitution. It was, however, recognized that the ideal of a constitution by a specially selected body of men was out of reach in China, and might be for a long time. In the meantime it was felt that the sooner a permanent constitution could be adopted the better for the country. * Under the lead of Mr. Ch' en Huan-chang (author of "The Eco- nomic Principles of Confucius") Confucianism was pushed to the front, .a Confucian Society was formed, sacrifices to Confucius were celebrated at the temple of the Sage on the familiar lines of the Manchu Dynasty.

Headquarters for the "K'ung Chiao," or Confucian Society were opened in the west city of Peking. t Mr. Ch'en brought before Parlia- ment a memorial urging the adoption of Confucianism as the state religion. It was very natural that a body of Chinese amateur parliamentarians, all of them with a Confucian background, should have been predisposed to assume that the teachings of Confucius ought to be the religion of China. Against this, however, there was a serious objection, namely that religious liberty had been already granted in express terms by the Provisional Constitution. To take that liberty away after several years had elapsed would he sure to cause a great outcry difficult to silence. In fact, criticisms were already made by the adherents of the different religions, who were becoming more and more demonstrative. It was something unexampled in China that Roman Catholics, Protestants, members of the Holy Orthodox Greek communion, Mohammedans, Buddhists, and even Taoists were linked in an organization to protect their common rights, and were in cordial co-operation! It became evident even to the unrellgious members of Parliament that here was a nidus of contention the significance of which they had not apprehended. and could not comprehend. The claim made by the Confucianists that there are eleven countries which have a state religion and that China should align herself with them, was immediately refuted by the Christians, who pointed out that no first class power such as China aims to be now has a real state religion, because it is too dangerous to the welfare of the country. Dr. Timothy Richard wrote to a paper published in English in Peking giving the statement made to him by Count Ito of Japan as to the considerations which moved him to change his mind, and * The general conditions in China since the adoption of the republican form of govern- ment were explained by the writer of these lines in the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD for February, 1914.

t This term K'ung Chiao, which should properly mean the instruction of Confucius has now come to denote this Society, and in some places Confucians are writinl?; of Christianity as the "¥eh Chiao"-from the first syllable of ¥ehsu-Jesus, a form of reference which Christians do not like.

to favor granting such liberty in that country, when its constitution was under consideration. * This view presented by Count Ito to his collab- orators in the framing of the constitution led even those most opposed to see its necessity, and the article was inserted. The experience of Japan was of great value to China, confronted with the same difficulties.

In the autumn of 1916 the Constitutional Convention of China approached this contentious topic. The Religious Liberty Society again bestirred itself to exert every ounce of influence available, by personal interviews with members of Parliament, by conversation with those who could gain access to such members, by public lectures and discussions, and by articles in the public press.

With that spirit of compromise so dear to the Chinese heart (and not unknown in other parts of the world) some of the prominent members of Parliament proposed that the article (XI) on religious liberty brought over from the Provisional Constitution should be allowed to stand, and that another proposed by the Confucianists (to be numbered XIX) should be inserted, declaring that the principles of Confucius should be the foundations of ethical teaching in China.

To this plan the Christian group ,was inflexibly opposed, for the obvious reason that it would not be dtfficult to make the second article entirely neutralize the earlier one. The unwieldy natqre of the Constitutional Convention rendered any particular action highly uncertain, for the total number of the two legislative houses would make a collection of about eight hundred and of the six hundred members who might be present the three-fourths vote required (or four hundred and fifty affirmatives) would be difficult to secure for any disputed article.

The China Continuation Committee is an important organiz;ation developed more than four years ago along the lines of the Edinburgh Continuation Committee. It takes an active interest in whatever concerns the welfare of the Chinese Christian Church, but it was obviously inadvisable for such a body to become even indirectly involved in Chinese political affairs. The executive committee, however, sensing the importance of the crisis for the Chprch in China, in the autumn of 19 I 6 voted to its able Chinese secretary, Pastor Ch'eng Ching-yi, a leave of absence for two months. This time he spent in Peking in strenuous work on behalf of the religious liberty article of the constitution, and with much apparent success. Mr. C. T. Wang, the distinguished Christian, vicepresident of the Chinese Senate reported late in March that at least one hundred and fifty more votes were needed to make the article secure. Early in the month of Mayan incidental test vote showed that a safe majority of the Convention were in favor of article XI and in favor of dropping article XIX.

Another meeting of the Religious Liberty Society was summoned * It is well known that a certain foreigner whom he met pointed out to the Count that internal strife must be the inevitable result of establishing one faith above another, putting all others under an implied ban.

to meet in Peking about the middle of May, the final outcome being still uncertain. It was at this crisis that a decision was to be made of the important question, whether China should follow up the step of breaking off relations with Germany by a declaration of war. The Military Governors (Tu-chuns) of the various provinces, who had hastened to Peking, were practically unanimous for war, while the people in general, especially the merchants in the south, wanted peace. The Premier (without due authority) had assured the Parliament that if China should join the Allies and embark upon war she would not only have a voice in deciding the terms of world peace, but that her claims for a fair hearing from the nations with whom she has treaties on the questions of increasing her tariff rates, the abolition of extra-territoriality and the postponement, diminuition or remission of her onerous Boxer Indemnity would be cordially met. Parliament sat shivering on the brink, hesitating to take the fateful step, the consequences of which no mortal could foresee.

The Premier, Tuan Chi-jui, a prominent general under the Manchu dynasty and a military governor under the Republic, had earned great credit for opposing the imperial ambitions of Yuan Shih-kai. Tuan, who was both Premier and head of the War Department, was bent on a war declaration and used every effort to induce the Parliament to act. On an evil day the Parliament building was surrounded by a huge mob of professional coffin-bearers (lusty men), rowdies and soldiers in civilian attire who attacked the members of Parliament with the cards of their patrons thrust in the faces of members, but also with clubs and other weapons. Many members were beaten and several seriously injured, carriages were demolished, and the Parliament was imprisoned in its own building for twelve hours without food or rest. The responsibility of the Premier for this outrage has been stoutly denied, but he was the one responsible official who should and could have prevented it or stopped it. He did nothing, however, until late in the evening when word was brought to him that a Japanese subject had been injured (perhaps killed). Then he gave the proper orders and the riot was "off" I The members of Parliament were not unnaturally furious at their treatment, and remained in an angry mood. The Christian delegates to the Liberty Society reached Peking about the middle of May and a strenuous campaign of publicity and education had been arranged for the week. To the surprise of the delegates a friendly member of the Parliament came to inform them that on the afternoon of that very day a vote had been taken passing the second reading of Article XI granting "liberty to honor Confucius, or to adopt any other belief not inconsistent with law." .Article XIX was dropped altogether by a vote of 483 to 118.

This surprising result was attributed by Christian leaders in part to the intense bitterness felt by many toward the Premier (who was ten days later removed by presidential mandate). Mr. Ch'en Huan-chang and his party were extremely mortified and disgusted that there was

only the mention of the name of the Sage of China, but not of his "Religion" or Instruction.

The result seems at present to be all that could be desired and much more than had been expected. But the Chinese are constitutionally suspicious of one another. They act upon the principle of the adage: "Food to the mouth, Money to the hand"-that is, when one has a thing he has it-and not until then. In the united meetings of the Roman Catholics, Protestants, Buddhists, and Mohammedans, there was outward unity, but inner disagreement. Some of the few Buddhists were men of ability, but without initiative. The Mohammedans were mostly from in and near Peking, and had a leader of intelligence and push. During the months of the educational campaign while the Buddhists had sent out a few letters, telegrams, etc., the Roman Catholics had dispatched about a thousand, and the Protestants two thousand.

The Roman Caholics made an insistent proposal that they and the Protestants should unite their forces to form a Religious Political Party (its platform and its principles not being even suggested). This was at once resisted by the Protestants, and from this time on there was no further pretence of unity between them.

It is said that the members of Parliament who are "in politics for what they can get out of it" were amazed to behold representatives of the Christian churches coming to Peking from distant parts of China at their own expense (or that of their friends) on matters of no concern to their private interests, while Chinese members of Parliament, furnished with first-class tickets to Peking, not infrequently try to get themselves excused, and sometimes will not come at all. The politicians would be glad to absorb this energy of the Christians into their party service. Within the few months past Religious Liberty has taken a long step forward, and has gained a victory which we trust it is never to lose.

China-New and Old The Governor of Shantung has forbidden parents to hind the feet of their daughters in future. Any girls between the ages of 14 and 18, whose feet are already bound will be compelled to unbind them again, and parents will be severely punished if caught binding their daughter's feet in future.

Chinese ladies are coming to the fore as lecturers and organizers; a Mrs. Li, Mrs. Wan, and Mrs. Chang have just formed a "Three Virtue Society," which meets once a month at the Shanghai Y. M. C. A.; over 100 members are enrolled.

I t is also interesting to notice Chinese ladies accompanying their husbands on the hills walking side by side and not in the rear as the old China is advancing. .

An opium smuggler on his way from Tsingtau to Shanghai, with a quantity of opium hidden in some egg boxes, was found on the steamer by his fellow-passengers, and handed over to the customs authorities on his ar- rival at Shanghai.

Reformation and Modern

BY JAMES I. GOOD, D.D., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

President of the Board of Fo reign Missions of the Reformed Church in the U. S.

O NE of the results of that potent movement of the sixteenth cen- tury, called the Reformation, was its influence on Christian mis- sions. The Reformation has generally been treated as a great polemical and theological movement, or even as political or economic. It is just beginning to be noticed that it was also a great missionary movement. * The great Reformers were great missionaries. At home they labored with great zeal to evangelize the towns and countries in which they lived. Some were also foreign missionaries like Villiam Farel, who went to French Switzerland, a Catholic country which was as ignorant of the Gospel as is Latin America today. The R~formers were missionaries working to bring souls to Christ, both by pen and by word of mouth.

The influence of the Reformation on modern missions was twofold: (I) it started them and (2) it voiced the principles on which they are based.

1. The Reformation began the great movement that has culminated in modern missions. Protestantism was hardly born before the missionary spirit was alive in her. Missions are inher~nt in the spirit of Protestantism, and even in its very first century, foreign missions began to appear. It is true they were not very prominent, but they were there. They did not become prominent immediately because the first necessity for Protestantism was to build itself up at home on a permanent basis. The severe and repeated assaults of Roman Catholicism, especially in the Counter-Reformation, made the permanency of Protestantism a difficult problem. But soon signs even of foreign missionary interest began to appear. This differed in different Reformers. Some taught missions to the non-Christians, others saw that their foreign missionary ideas were carried out in practice and either went or tried to go to non-Christian lands.

Martin Luther was one of the first class, and in his writings there began to appear the note of world-wide evangelization. t In his ser- mons on the Gospel he says: "But now when Christ comes, He sends His preachers into all the world and commands them to go straight forward and preach everywhere to all the heathen. . . . All the world does not mean one or two parts of it, but everywhere within it where • For a fuller elaboration of the Reformation as a missionary movement see "Famous Reformers of the Reformed and Presbyterian Churches," by Rev. James I. Good-a mis· sion study book.

t See an Article on "Luther and Missions" in the Lutheran Church Re'lJie<w, October, 1916.

people may dwell." But though Luther suggested preaching to the non- Christians, the Lutheran Church of Germany sent no foreign missionaries, until in the next century Von Welz nobly laid down his life for the heathen in South ..America.

Bucer, the reformer of Strasburg, a contemporary of Luther, also spoke about missions to the non-Christian world. He went farther and suggested a method of bringing it about. As early as 1538 he wrote that Christians "should not merely seek to get the lands and property of the heathen, but also to try to gain their souls," especially since the enlargement of Christianity in that day was only apparent and not real: because the newly discovered continent (America) and the islands had been discovered only to be cursed by the superstitions of Rome. His method is significant in two ways. He suggests (I) that foreign missions ought to be carried on by the civil rulers, whereas the modern method has been to have them carried on by the Church as a spiritual rather thim a secular movement. And (2) missions have been carried on in a voluntary free-will method, but he suggests that it should be done by the law of the state. His suggestion was a beginning toward attacking the great problem of missions among the non-Christians.

Reformers of the second class not only wrote about missions but either wanted or tried to go themselves. Here a voice is heard from Zurich. The first Reformer who wanted to go as a foreign missionary was Prof. Bibliander, of Zurich. His name meant "bookman" and he· was professor of Hebrew at Zurich-a su~cessor to Zwingli in the Cathedral school there. His teaching of Hebrew made him interested in Arabic and so in the Mohammedans. His predecessor and teacher, Zwingli, had caught the universal vision even more fully than Luther. For in a day when all Christians, Catholics and Lutherans, made baptism the only way to salvation and consigned all unbaptized to hell or limbus, he declared in favor of the salvation even of the unbaptized. He hoped for a chance for such moral heathens as Socrates, Plato and Seneca. Zwingli lived long before his day and was the most modern among the Reformers. Bibliander from him caught this universal vision and decided in 1546 to go as a missionary to the Mohammedans. He wrote to a friend at Augsburg, Germany, asking for financial aid. Had there been a foreign missionary society in that day to help him he would have gone. As the way did not open for him to go, he wrote a book in 1548 and another in 1553, urging missions to the non-Chris- tians. * What Bibliander was not able to do was inaugurated by the Reformed Church at Geneva, which sent out the first missionaries to the non-Christian world. The expedition was under the leadership of Admiral Villegagnon and aided by Admiral Coligny. Villegagnon, who professed to be a Protestant, in his letter to Calvin says that the avowed * For more on Bibliander'~ life see Tract, "The Reformation and Missions," published by the Reformed Church Foreign Mission Board, Philadelphia.

REFORMATroN ANn MODERN

obj ect of his expedition was "the promotion of Christ's kingdom." They left France July 12, 1555, and arrived at Rio Janeiro, Brazil, on November 10, 1555. On an island in that beautiful harbor, Villegagnon founded a colony, and early the next year he wrote to Geneva for ministers. When his messenger arrived at Geneva, a solemn religious service in their honor was held in the cathedral there. As Lescarbot, whose history is one of the early sources, says: "For they saw the way open to establish their doctrine yonder and to cause the light of the Gospel to shine forth among those barbarous people, godless, lawless and without religion." The Church of Calvin appointed two ministers-Peter Richer and William Chartier-to go to the new world. With them went a number of Genevese led by Du Pont. Among these were several young men, who were sent out with the express purpose of laboring among the heathen. One of the latter, named De Lery, became later the historian of the expedition. These ministers and intended missionaries arrived at Rio Janeiro March 10, 1557. They went to the island on which Villegagnon had his colony. The first regular Protestant service, held in America, was held there on March 10, 1557, when the fifth Psalm was sung and Richer preached on the Psalm, "One thing have I desired of the Lord," etc. Du Pont at that service declared "that the reason why he and his fellow-travelers had risked the danger of the ocean was that they might found a Church, reformed according to God's Word." The ministers remain~d on the island, but the young men, who were prospective missionaries, went to the mainland to live among the natives so that they might gain their language and preach to them. Un- fortunately Villegagnon began secretly to return to Romanism. * Incited by a secret Catholic Cointat, he quarreled with the two ministers, insisting on the use of some Catholic rites, so that Mr. Chartier was sent back to France to get a decision of the French Church on these points, and Richer and the Genevese went over to the mainland, where they made known the Gospel to the natives. Though this mission was soon given up, yet it produced the first foreign missionaries of Protestantism and also the first martyrs for Protestant missions. t The Lutherans also made an attempt at missions in the Reformation. The Lutheran Church of Sweden did some work among the Laplanders. Gundert in his work on Missions says that Gustavus Vasa in 1559 sent missionaries to the Lapps. But little, however, was done for them until the eighteenth century.

The Reformation not only made a beginning in foreign missions, but it also gave utterance to the Protestant principles of missions over "A full account of this expedition is found in Baird's, "The Huguenot Emigration to America," Vol. I, in whose appendix are the letters of Richer and Villegagnon. See also Parkman's, "Pioneers of France in the New World," and Good's "History of the Reformed Church in the U. S."

t For a fuller account of them see MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TIlE WORLD, 1910, also the tract, "The Reformation and Foreign Missions."

those of the Roman Catholic faith. It has been these principles that have made modern missions such a wonderful success. Among these ideals that gave a new aim to missions and put into it a new spirit and vitality were: (a) The free use of the Bible. Protestantism claimed that Christian teaching and the Bible must be presented to the people in the vernacular. When the writer, in 1900 visited the World's Exposition at . Paris, he found a large building devoted to an exhibit of missions, which in France meant, of course, Roman Catholic missions. The most aston· ishing peculiarity about the exhibit was that in all the building not a Bible was to be found. There were plenty of monstrances, images, massbooks, rosaries, and embroidery for the altar, but not a Bible for distribution among the people. Such a thing could never have occurred in a Protestant exhibit of missions.

(b) The Reformation brought into missions the pre-eminence of spirituality. A second great difference between Roman and Protestant missions has been that the former have emphasized the outward rites while the latter emphasize the inward change of heart and life. Francis Xavier, all honor to him whose zeal led him to baptize thousands in India in a few months, did no heart-work among them. He knew no better way and had not time to do more. The scandal at Goa in India in the eighteenth century, where the Roman Catholics permitted their converts to wear the sacred thread of Brahminism after being baptized, reveals their reliance on mere rites. But Protestant Christian teachers went deeper and required personal experience. They did their work more thoroughly, and therefore more permanently.

(c) The Reformation brought a new ethical aim into missions-a higher ideal. The difference between Roman Catholic and Protestant ethics is well known. The ethics of the papacy always allow room for policy, while those of Protestanism rested on principle and not policy. Roman Catholicism is too often a religion of compromises. It gives the Sabbath both to God and to the world-the first few hours to God and the rest to the world. Protestant teaching, especially under the high ethics of Calvin, required firm principles in the hearts of the converts in non-Christian lands. As a result there has been less backsliding in the mission fields among Protestants than among Roman Catholics.

(d) The Reformation introduced the acti'Uity of the laity into foreign missions. The Roman Church is the church of the priests, the Protestant Church is the church of the believing congregation, and in its doctrine of the "priesthood of all believers" embodies the germ of lay-activity in missions. This was shown in that early Brazil mission when those young men of Geneva did not wait until they had been ordained before they began to teach Christ to the natives. They were the germ of the modern "Laymen's Missionary Movement." Worldwide missions of today are the unfolding of the Reformation principles.

Opinions of Martin

DAVID JAYNE HILL says: "What I personally admire in Martin Luther is the courage with which he visited upon the transforming power of vital faith- in the individual soul. His greatest usefulness, as I esteem it was not in his revolt against a church which, after all, had redeemed Europ~ from bar- barism, but in his affirmation that religion does not consist in organization or even in formulas of faith, but in a sense of direct relationship between the soul and its Creator, whereby a man becomes a personal instrument in execut- ing the divine will."

SENATOR OWEN says: "The Reformation was of great service in over- throwing some of the errors into which human frailty had led the great organization of the Church. Wherever the power of the many is concentrated in the hands of the few, it tends to dangerous centralization and tends toward magnifying the power of the few sometimes unmindful of the many. Both in Church and State the unrestrained power leads to error, and the body of wisdom will be found in the body of the people. The majority rule is best for Church and State, and this is now becoming the accepted doctrine of the world."

RUSH RHEES, President University of Rochester, says: "America is peculiarly indebted to the Reformation, for that was the great crisis in the emancipation of the human spirit from the control of human authority. America needs today a fresh infusion of the temper of the Reformation, for that enfranchisement of the human spirit was accomplished through a clear and controlling recognition of God's presence and of his authority speaking through the conscience. It is well for us on the occasion of the Reformation Quadricentenary to recall both the emancipation and the obedience which characterized that great movement in modern history."

CHARLES H. SPURGEON said: "The best commemoration which I can make of this man, Martin Luther, is to preach the doctrine which he held so dear."

FRANK L. BROWN, Secretary of the Vorld Sunday School Association, says: "The Christian statesmanship, which brings under organized instruc- tion to the children and youth of the world, has already pre-emptied the future. The Reformation insisted on the value of childhood. Its leaders seized this as the strategic foundation upon which the church of the future must be built. This idea, incorporated in cathechetical instruction in the Sunday-school four hundred years ago, has been caught up and amplified until we have today the Sunday-school as the most tremendous movement of the age, with its 31,000,000 members the world over, and over 300,000 Sunday-schools and 3,000,000 Sunday-school officers and teachers, and the unfettered Bible as the binding factor."

DR. G. KAWERAU, dean of Reformation scholars, writes: "The churchly reformation became thus also a reformation of home life. It founded the "evangelical pastor's home from which since at all times streams of blessings have poured out over our whole civilization. It reconquered for woman herappropriate honor and respect. It pUFi~, uplifted and freed the inner relation between man and wife."

EVIDENCE OF SUCCESSFUL WORK AMONG ITALIANS IN

A Protestant Italia n congregation in Rochester, New York

to Reach Italians in

Shall They Be Segregated, "Missioned," Neglected or Welcomed?

BY REV. FREDERICK H. WRIGHT, D.D.

Late Superintendent of the Italian Mission of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States I TALY, "the Mother of Civilization," up to the opening of the European struggle, had furnished America with thousands of her citizens, who with their good blood-mixed with the most virile races of Europe, Roman, Latin, Greek, Norman, Spanish, French, Teutonic, and even the blood of Abraham, through the Saracen strain-are now making a deep impression on our civilization.

It is essential that something be done for this people, because they will inevitably become an important factor in our national life. That very little has been accomplished so far, comparatively speaking, is due to certain conditions which have obtained, in part explainable, but in part inexcusable. There are over three million Italians in this country, and the work of evangelization, although thirty or more years old, has only touched the outer fringe of the problem.

Until the Great War in Europe began, the rush of immigration was so strong as to completely overwhelm us. We could not keep up with the tide. Accordingly, the process of assimilation was slow and superficial. Now, we have a little breathing space, and can get our bearings adjusted in preparation for the rush which will come at the close of the war, unless the legislation of last Congress concerning the literacy test seriously interferes.

The attitude of the average American Christian has not been friendly and helpful toward the Italian immigrants. As a nation we have welcomed the brain and brawn of other lands, and have proved the sincerity of our welcome by the methods we have initiated to introduce them to American life and customs. It has been a splendid indication of the attitude of the American citizen, but the American Christian has not accorded them such a welcome to their churches. They have been perfectly willing to furnish spasmodically, or even svstematically, the means for carrying on some obscure mission in some old store-possibly an exsaloon-and in many instances they have provided· them with pretty church buildings-but it has always been with the idea either that the Italian should be treated as the "down and outs" or that they should be segregated, both adults ,and children.

The first method is preposterous when it is remembered that the love of the beautiful is so strong in this son of Italy. The other method is disastrous to any attempt to Ameri<;anize him. SQ far as the adults

AN ITALIAN SEWING SCHOOL-CHICAGO are concerned, it is unquestionably necessary to provide Protestant Christian services in their own language, but there is absolutely no need for this in work among children. They are Americans and need the American environment. They sit side by side with other Americans in the public school, why not in the Sunday-school and Church? Is the American citizenship idea of the community life more friendly than the American Christian Church, which claims to carry out the principles of true brotherhood in Christ? To put it plainly, is the American citizen more interested in these foreigners than the American Christians? If we want to develop a host of hyphenated Americans, unfriendly to our institutions, and indifferent to our American ideas, there is no surer way of success than by continuing the present method.

In eighteen years' experience with Italians, both in Italy and America, I have found this attitude to be the greatest drawback to Italian evangelization. These people must be drawn into our American churches and Sunday-schools, and be absorbed into our national life, otherwise we shall find breakers ahead. The crisis is upon us, for the Italians, on the one hand, justly resent this treatment, while on the other, the Americans hold back a co-operating force which would mean strength for American churches.

In work among Italians we must recognize a religious condition which is peculiar to Latin countries. Nominally, they are Roman Catholics, but in heart the vast majority are anti-clerical and anti-Christian. This is the tragedy of the situation. Mrs. Humphry Ward has expressed it strongly and clearly: "The truth of the .matter seems to be that Italy is Catholic becallse she hasn't faith enou~h to make a heresy;

TO REACH ITALIANS IN AMERICA 59

and anti-clerical because it is her destiny to be a nation." If we were inclined to add an annotation, it would be this: Italy is anti-clerical because she has broken with the ecclesiastical order, and prefers a life of believing what she pleases, rather than what is forced upon her.

Intellectually, the Italian, as a class, is away from Rome, but unfortunately, both for himself and the nation, he is drifting religiously, and there is positively n~ perception of spiritual truth. He cannot understand why the Anglo-Saxon takes his religion so seriously. The doctrine of the new birth is as strange to him as it was to Nicodemus. Yet Christ thought it worth while, in His conversation with that learned Jew, to put the emphasis on its necessity, so, among Italians, we must follow the Leader, and little by little the truth will penetrate.

Years ago, in Palermo, Sicily, we remember preaching on the baptism of the Holy Spirit. A young university student listened for the first time to the Gospel message, and wondered what we were talking about. He looked upon us as a new species of anarchist. There was absolutely no development of the spiritual sense, but as he listened, he caught the spiritual import, at least in part, and today that same young man is the pastor of one of the largest Italian Protestant churches in America.

In dealing with the Italian, the elemental features of religion must be treated in an elementary way, and a simple illustration of the wind sighing may be used effectively, as in days of old, to put the emphasis on this mysterious transformation of the soul life. There is an inquiring spirit among intelligent Italians. Even in the priesthood there are hun- HOW ITALIAN MOTHERS BECOME INTERESTED

dreds who are clamoring for freedom of thought-Modernists they are called-yet, without any particular goal, and none to guide them, they are drifting, they know not where. Here is a message representing a group of priests, sent to Mayor Nathan, of Rome-himself a Jew by blood, an Englishman by birth, and an Italian by adoption-strange irony of fate that a man of the Ghetto should rule the destiny of the Eternal City: "On the twentieth of September you knew how to find in the tradition of the Eternal .City the human and universal words of liberty, dignity, right t(} live, which the VatICan no longer knows how to be herald of, and you spoke to Italy and to the world in a Roman way. Whilst modern society treats with indifference not only a religion which every day loses more and more of its divine substance, but also the heroic attempts of self-denying men who do their best to save, for the benefit of humanity, the treasures of the sinking ship, you, mayor of Rome, have not been indifferent to the agonizing cry which the Italian clergy has raised around you. . . . The Vatican has uplifted its voice in the name of the Church, against your assertions; but the Vatican, inasmuch as it has always hindered the progress of Christianity, has no right to speak in the name of the Church. The best part of the Church in Italy does not want to be an accomplice of the Vatican in the fatal program of open war against the unity of the country, against evolution of thought, and liberty of conscience. . . . Still, a great hope lives in our hearts: the hope that the Church which finds herself in the dilemma by which humanity exacts from her either to be a means of life or to die, may yet find again new ways to become, as the Gospel says, 'light of the world,' and 'salt of the earth.' In the name of all those who are seeking in Christianity, not an archaic form of intellectualism and a new kind of slavery, but a source of true life, we rejoice.in the opportunity we have today of expressing to you our gratitude and sympathy."

Can anyone conceive of anything more pathetic than this struggle for deliverance from the thraldom of the past?

Prof. Giovanni Luzzi, in an article in the Hibbert Journal made this startling statement: "I know many cells in difierent convents (monasteries) j I have entered the homes of many priests in the country and in town j I know well what the youn~ think in more than one seminary j and am therefore in a position to state that of a hundred clerics from forty years of age onwards, no less than sixty keep most jealously in their private desks the best products of the Modernist literature."

As Vice-President of the Refuge for ex-priests in Rome, I had the opportunity personally to come into intimate relation with scores of priests who sought freedom. If I could have guaranteed them twenty cents a day-just enough to live on-1 could have had a train-load safely housed in the Refuge, so anxious are they to live a life of sincerity. But they were perfectly helpless in the commercial world, knowing nothing but prayers, and that from days of childhood. Some of those we received were sent to America to break with the past, others were turned into sewing machine agents, street car conductors and motormen. Others were counselled to stay in the Church, for being past middle life, the wrench would have been too great to sever themselves from their old

TO REACH ITALIANS IN AMERICA

environment. They were urged to live and preach the gospel, which, after all, is at the foundation of the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church, though now covered up by the traditions of men. Several letters received later indicated that our advice had been followed with encouraging results. A very few were received into Protestant work and made full proof of their ministry. The unrest of Italian intellectual life is a portend of serious import, and we shall do well to recognize its value without delay.

Another phase of Italian thought life is found in the different THE REFLEX INFLUENCE OF WORK FOR ITALIANS IN AMERICA A young Italian converted in New York returned to Italy and organized this flourishing Protestant church in Salerno standard of ethics, as a basis of right living. The Latin, Roman Catholic standard is as unlike the Anglo-Saxon Protestant type as light from darkness. The jesuitical concept that the ends justify the means, has permeated the life of the Italian. He is unconsciously tainted by it; he would resent with indignati'on any suggestion of approximation to it, but the fact remains nevertheless. Another personal experience may illustrate what I mean.

When I was in charge of our publishing interests in Rome, a professor from the Normal School brought his manuscript of a Reader he wished us to publish. It had already been approved by the Minister

of Public Instruction. Our editor found that in one of the stories, told in elegant Italian, a boy had lied to his teacher to protect his little sister. It was the story over again of the Spartan youth and the stolen fox. The book represented the teacher, after the discovery of the lie, complimenting the boy for his heroic act in coming to the rescue of his guilty sister. The professor was a great hater of the Jesuits, and had actually brought the manuscript to us because he was in sympathy with our Christian propaganda, but when he called to learn our decision we had to assure him that we could not consent to print the book because of its casuistic teachings. To tell the good professor that it was jesuitical in its trend was like adding fuel to the fire, but as we showed him that we Protestants could not condone a lie under any circumstances, and that a wrong could not be done even for a good purpose without culpability, our point of view gradually dawned on him, and he modified the book according to our suggestion. We had the satisfaction of knowing that, for once at least, the youth all over Italy were being given an entirely new ethical conception. If an Italian deliberately lies, do not be quick to condemn him, for he may be actuated by the highest motive, but from a wrong starting point. Repeatedly the Italian is blamed for vacillation and unreliability, because, forsooth, he has promised to do something and failed, when in actual fact, if we could have followed the intricacies of his mind we would have discovered that he had no intention of keeping his promise, but he thought it the height of rudeness to refuse to do the thing you wished and promised simply to "let you down lightly.~' We must be patient in handling the situation.

The worker among Italians must take these things into consideration. The statistics may not show rapid progress in leading them into the light, but the net result of Italian evangelization cannot be tabulated by figures. We are doing the work of sapping and mining, and there are thousands of Nicodemuses in Italy and in America who are inquiring, but have not yet. faith to make a heresy. They have broken with the so~called mother church, and it is our bounden duty to help them to hold their faith in God, or the last state will be worse than the first.

The Italian as an element in American life is a fruitful ground of experimentation, and the results of our ·contact with him have justified us in believing that he is a very valuable asset, and by judicious, kindly treatment he can be saved from his present attitude of passive indifference or persistent hostility to all forms of Christian thought, and be brought into close relationship with Him who in Judea personally knew him by declaring his faith to be greater than that of any in more favored Israel. A missionary to our Anglo-Saxon forbears centuries ago, he may yet become a missionary to lands beyond the seas, and with the intrepidity of an Ignatius LoyaIa, minus his casuistry, may yet capture his thousands for truth and for Christ.

ITALIAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH, MIDDLETOWN, NEW

A Venture in Co-operation How They Built the Italian Branch of the Webb Horton Church, Middletown, N. Y.

BY REV,. u. L. MACKEY, D.D., NEW YORK T HE success of the Italian Evangelical work in Middletown, N. Y., has been somewhat remarkable. In the course of two years it has developed from a small union work, conducted in English, and therefore reaching only the children, until it has become a very substantial work with a communicant membership numbering about one hundred and with many more adherents. This congregation has an Italian minister, a beautiful church building and an organization for worship, study and service that is doing much to develop the Italians of the city into good, intelligent Christians and loyal citizens.

Among the important factors entering into the success of this work is the pastor of one of the Middletown churches. When others decided to give up the Union work, he persisted. Convinced that there was little future for a work conducted after the timid fashion that had been followed, he dared to undertake larger things. His program included the following:

A capable Italian Minister; A church building which should command the interest and pride of the Italians; Co-operation in worship and service between the people of his own church and their Italian neighbors; Co-operation, at least in interest and service on the part of the evangelical churches of the city. To secure these required unceasing effort and endless patience. The success attained only added new burdens upon the strength and patience of the minister and his people.

LET NO MAN UNDERTAKE A PROGRAM OF ITALIAN EVANGELIZATION WHO HAS NOT IMMENSE STORES OF ENERGY AND PATIENCE AND FAITH IN GOD AND IN HIS FELLOWS.

Fortunately for the work the Italian minister who came to the task had such qualities of leadership that it was only a few months until it became apparent that a building was necessary. When the eager response of the Italians to the efforts on their behalf became known throughout the city, it was a simple matter to enlist the community in an effort to erect a worthy building. A committee of citizens undertook the matter of raising funds. A great Field Day was planned for Sunday, May II, 19 16; Italian ministers occupied the pulpits of the churches of the city; a great company of men from all the churches met together at noon and went out "two and two" after the approved fashion of an "Every Member Canvass." The good people of the city responded generously and in a few weeks a commodious and beautiful building will be dedicated to the worship and service of God, without debt and having received no aid from any of the Boards of the church. The Italians themselves were much in evidence in the effort, and their pledges amounted to about $1,000.

The new building bears a tablet in English and Italian, as follows: "This building was erected by the generous citizens of Middletown as an expression of their interest in the Italian people of this city; and with the fervent wish that they and their children may find this a real sanctuary for their faith, where tbey may worship God with perfect freedom, and be taught the highest ideals of Citizensbip and Human Brotherhood."

When the matter of co-operation was first taken up, the "Union Church" plan was promptly rejected as undesirable and impractical. It was unanimously agreed that the enterprise should be under the fostering care of one of the great denominations and a constituent part of it. The Presbyterian church was selected and was willing to provide the guarantees and assume the responsibility of administering the work. At another time and place it will be the Baptist and at another the Methodist or the Congregationalist or any other. At Middletown the

A VENTURE IN CO-OPERATION

thought was that, in cities of that size, it would confuse the work to have more than one effort for a group speaking any particular language. At the same time provision should be made that interest in these people, on the part of Christians of whatever name, should find natural expression in gifts or service. Hence we have the "denominational work supported by inter-denominational interest." The church property is owned by the Presbyterians. The members of the Italian Branch are communicants in the Presbyterian church, but there is a city-wide interest in the work.

In April the large Hudson Presbytery held its sessions in this Italian church. The women provided an elaborate luncheon for about one hundred guests. The meal itself was out of the ordinary, and was greatly enjoyed by the presbyters and even more by those who served it. Perhaps this spirit of generosity on the part of the Italians has done much to enlist the interest of the people of Middletown. Practically every resident member of the Italian branch is a weekly contributor toward the expenses of the church and the every member canvass is faithfully carried out year after year.

Almost any day one may find Italians enjoying the many privileges of the gymnasium, swimming pool, reading or game rooms of the parent church and every Sunday a number of the most faithful and responsible members of the parent church may be found in the Sunday-school of the Italian Branch. On 'a great occasion, such as Columbus Day, a large procession of Italians joins with the older Americans in the patriotic celebration of the events of historic interest to the sons of both countries. Thus there is close co-operation both in worship and service between the parent church and its child. As they come to know each other better they discover that only the things on the surface have separated them, There is no fundamental difference between Italian and American, and given an equal opportunity it is an even chance whether the native to Italy or the native to America will be the hetterman.

The Tide is Sure to Win Quoted from "The Outlook"

On the far reef the breakers o mighty sea! thy message Recoil in shattered foam, In clanging spray is cast; Yet still the sea behind them Within God's plan of progress Urges its forces home; I t matters not at last, Its chant of triumph surges How wide the shores of evil, Through all the thunderous din- How strong the reefs of sin- The wave may break in failure, The wave may be defeated, But the tide is sure to win. But the tide is sure to win!

A NATIVE BAMBOO HOUSE I N T HE PHILIrPINE I

T H E ADM I NISTRATION BUI LDI NG- T HE U NIVER SITY OF T HE PHILIPPINES IN MANILA The Old and the N e w In the Philippines

from the

The Story Told by the Camera Showing Present and Past Conditions in the Philippine Islands BY REV. WM. B. COOKE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Recently Minister of the First Preshyterian Church in Manila Hut The bamboo hut is the home of the eight million Filipinos: and the upper ten thousand dwell in halls. The shack, built in a few Hall days out of bamboo uprights and floors with nipa thatched roof is cheap and cool. It may be tied with rattan and cost not a nail. A man goes into the woods and swamp with a bolo, cuts his material, and puts up his home. If it burns or blows over the owner is not ruined.

Prizes were recently offered by the Philippine government for a fire- proof substitute and some samples were erected by inventors outside the old city wall, but when torches were applied none could resist the flames.

But the boy born in the nipa shack may work his way up through the primary and intermediate and high school to study in the new con- crete Hall of the University of the Philippines. It swings open its doors to him who comes, whether from shack or mansion. Many of these boys will fill places of responsibility and will live in comfortable modern houses.

It is, however, the Christian missionary who shows the Filipino how to build for eternity. He leads youth and age, ignorance and cul- ture, to Him who said: "I am the way, the truth, the life," and who taught men to build not "wood, hay, stubble," but "gold, silver, precious stones."

W k J We are accustomed to think of men in the tropics as inan~r dolent, and as a rule they are. But many of the rice terraces of Play Northern Luzon, made by savages with rude tools, are among the engineering wonders of the world. For sustained industry and util- ity they rival the dykes of the Dutch..

These non-Christian tribes playas heartily as they work when they parade to the music of their gongs. Raw savages are fine material from which to make useful Christians. The missionary is at work among the primitive people, and uses their energy and aptitude for work and instinct for play to guide them into higher life and to mold them for the Kingdom.

Only foreigners and those who ape the foreigners Stockings and wear stockings in the Philippines. Neat and practical Tuberculosis slippers of straw, cloth, leather, wood, of many smart designs, all with open heel, are worn to some extent, but in good

F ILIPINOS AT WORK ON TH EIR WONDERFUL RICE

A HILARIOUS TIME IN A FILIPINO TOWN Work and Play in the Philippines

FROM THE PHILIPPINES 60r

weather the laborers and children go about in bare feet. One seldom sees a stocking. One "blue-stocking" mother-in-Israel from Western Pennsylvania thought of starting a reform among the women, but came to see that in some climates stockings are superfluous. The brown and yellow shades of skin of the East seem to be a natural covering sufficient for modesty. White men and women may even learn to think of themselves as overdressed with conventional equipment that is often superfluous. Brown skins may cover hearts which aTe "whiter than snow."

The prevalence of tuberculosis in the Philippines is surprising and even alarming. "No tuberculosis in I 920" is the slogan of a movement as important as the more dramatic fight against cholera, plague, and leprosy. The Filipinos, through dread of the night air and to avoid mosquitoes, shut the windows and pull the covers over their heads. Dr. Hibbard goes among the cots of the Silliman dormitories on surprise visits to pull the covers down and give fresh air to the students. On one occasion he uncovered a dummy and heard suppressed giggles all around. The students are not afraid of Dr. Langheim's hospital, and in the fine new building much good can be done. Even the porters over mountain trails, who wear neither pants nor stockings, and are athletes of surprising power and endurance, are not immune from the "white plague." Health reform is more important than dress reform.in the Philippines. The cleansing of the heart is the deepest need of all. The plague of sin is destroying more lives than tuberculosis. This plague the missionaries are seeking to overcome by the Gospel of Christ that brings new life and strength.

Filipino. Students The modern English educational system is developing the young life of the Philippines, filling the young of the land with new ambitions and desires. The missions are beginning to see that some provision must be made to take care of these bright young men and women. This is being done by establishing dormitories in the provincial capitals which contain the high schools, and also in the city of Manila, which has more than 10,000 students. The Methodist boys' dormitory, which accommodates only 80, was obliged to turn away more than 600 applicants last year. Under Methodist auspices there are also a girls' dormitory and a students' church. This church is being held in the building formerly used by the American congregation and in a short time will have to be relinquished to the Government. It will then be necessary to erect a new church, which is now being planned for as the Bishop Eveland Memorial Students' Church, and for which it is hoped to raise $50,000. This is located in the very center of the university life. An annual union Thanksgiving service for Filipinos is held in this church, at which some of the highest Filipino government officials are present.

OCEAN

MISSIONS Th THE E~KIM05 0 u.".~••~yte,;..",9<()t,,".. .)( j,-,g'ic.a.";,s (c…..,. £PI~CI/Il>e.~ 'N ~ 0 RO""6f) Ca.tf,ollcs ARCTI c.. ~,L-G)_M"_o_"._.;~_n._ _ _-I.

AMERICA j Christianity Among the Eskimo BY AUBREY FULLERTON, EDMONTON, CANADA Protestant Episcopal Diocese of Maryland I N actual distance from the mountain in Palestine, where the Master's Great Commission was given, there is no more remote field of pres- ent missionary effort than the top of the American continent. It is "the uttermost part of the earth." To the very edge of the Arctic Ocean, and even beyond, to some of the Arctic Islands; from the extreme left-hand of the continent, where Alaska almost meets Asia, to Labrador and Greenland on the right; and at a northernmost latitude that would seem to make such work impossible-the Gospel is being preached, and native lives are being touched. There are few more striking instances of the courage, enterprise and power of modern missions than are found in the history of these Arctic missions.

The people among whom the work is being done are as strange a people as the world can show, and as quite unlikely from a missionary point of view. The Eskimos have undisputed possession of this Arctic and sub-Arctic region, but have no clear idea of how they came to be there. The conditions under which they live compel them to a constant struggle with nature for the mere privilege of existence. Yet among them are some of the happiest Christians in America.

A remarkable mission is that at the mouth of the Mackenzie River, two thousand miles north of the international boundary. The Eskimos there and along the Arctic coast, on either side, have been organized into native congregations, with regularly appointed services and various forms of Christian activity, under the Anglican or Canadian Episcopal Church. The work began at that point only about twenty years ago. When the Gospel went north to the Eskimos, they were slow to receive

AMONG THE

it, and missionaries worked among them for fifteen years before one convert was made. But in 191 I there was a first ingathering, the earnest of many others. In the district around the delta of the Mackenzie River alone there are now three hundred Eskimo' Christians, which is a majority of the sparse native population.

It would be hard to find a body of people who take mor,e genuine and evident delight in the worship of God than these Eskimo converts. They attend faithfully upon the church services, and participate in them I NSIDE AN ESKIMO IGLOO OR WINTER SNOW HOUSE intelligently and joyfully. They have hymn sheets and parts of the Gospels in their own language, as translated by the first missionaries, and printed in the English alphabet, which for lack of an alphabet of their own they have adopted and learned. A sermon to one of these Eskimo congregations is of much the same character as one would expect to hear or to preach in any congregation of untutored worshippers, a simple Bible message clearly and graphically presented.

The wonder of all this becomes the greater when it is known that the Eskimos were originally without religious sense, and lived not only under wretched physical conditions, but in degradation of mind and soul. Uppermost America, geographically speaking, was the lowest down in spiritual darkness.

A striking improvement in the home life of the people has now been effected, and though Arctic coast homes are still poor and scant, and depend upon the results of the fur and seal catch, they have wonderfully brightened up where the new Gospel light has reached them.

All that the Eskimos knew of white men before was learned from the whalers and traders, who went north for their own mercenary and sometimes unscrupulous ends, and whose influence was very hurtful to the too-trustful natives. But Christian missionaries have been able largely to offset this mischief, and have been of great social and economic assistance, as well as spiritual benefit, to the far-North folk. Ten or fifteen years ago the decline in population, through disease, was quite marked, but this decline has now been arrested, and general conditions, within the mission zones at any rate, have much improved.

There is in the Eskimo character a large measure of native good spirits and kind-heartedness, which helped to give the missionaries a first point of contact. Despite the hardness of their life, and the unceasing urgency of their quest for food and shelter, nearly all the Arctic tribes are naturally cheerful and easy-tempered. When to these good features was added the impulse of a better life, there was developed a type of Christian character, childlike in simplicity and happy in spirit, that counts among the finest trophies of world-wide missions.

The first Eskimo offering for missions was made five years ago, shortly after the first conversions were recorded. It was a string of fur skins, which are current money in the North, and when the missionary marketed the silver-fox and lynx pelts thus contributed by a handful of new converts they brought $326. Each year since then a similar but gradually increasing offering for missions has been taken in the Eskimo churches, and has been applied to the extension of the work throughout the North.

This desire of the Arctic Christians to help others is one of the most hopeful features of the northern missions. The Eskimos are all potential missionaries, and carry the message wherever they go. In the adjoining Yukon Territory remote settlements have asked for Christian services as a result of the testimony borne by converts who had visited them. Native helpers are being trained. A lay worker, James Atoomuksina by name, has for several years been doing good service among his fellow Eskimos on Herschel! Island, and in the Yukon Territory Bishop Stringer has both Eskimo and Indian helpers.

The extension programme for last summer was announced to include an expedition in the mission motor-boat on a thousand-mile voyage along the mainland coast, in search of new fields. It was hoped thus to reach the Blonde Eskimos, a recently discovered tribe near the Coppermine River. But still beyond, in the heart of the Arctic: regions and on islands away out in the Arctic Ocean, where it would be impossible for white men to work, are tribes whose evangelization must depend upon missionaries of their own race and kind.

At the head of the work in the Mackenzie River district is Bishop J. R. Lucas, who has now spent a full quarter-century in the North. His diocese includes seven mission stations, each manned by one of

AMONG THE

more missionaries. The work as a whole is largely among the Slavey and Loochoo Indians, but at the farthest stations, such as Fort lIIacpherson and Arctic Red River, it enters the Eskimo country. Where the two races meet, the best and friendliest relations between them now obtain, a fact that proves as clearly as any the power of Christian influence: for until the Gospel went to them, Eskimos and Indians were bitter foes.

Besides the work in this particular district, missions to the Eskimos A CHRISTIAN ESKIMO FAMILY AT RED RIVER are being carried on in five other parts of the Arctic and sub-Arctic field. West of the Mackenzie there is an Eskimo population along the northern coast of the Yukon-Alaska country and around the corner of the continent as far south as Bering Straight; and at several points on these topmost shores the missionaries are at work.

To the east, in the very midst of the Arctic waste, are many Eskimo settlements in the country around the north of· Hudson Bay. About halfway down the coast of the Bay is the farthest south that the Eskimos ever venture, and into the vast interior between that coast and the Mackenzie River-a sub-arctic region known usually as the Barren Landsthey go only upon periodic hunting trips. Their permanent homes are always along the waterfront. On Hudson Bay, along both the west and east coasts, there is a native population of about thirteen hundred, among whom three Anglican and two Roman Catholic missions are now working. It has not yet been found possible, however, to reach the mainland coast north of the Bay and the islands of the Arctic Sea beyond, where the Eskimos live unseen by white men.

On the Atlantic coast missionary work among the Eskimos is of longer standing, and in at least a few cases shows very remarkable re- sults. It is chiefly under the Moravians, who began their Labrador missions at so early a date as 1770. The Labrador Eskimos had been greatly demoralized by contact with unprincipled traders and fisher- men, and the pioneer missionaries were wise enough to get the exclusive fishing rights along that coast into their own hands, and so to shut out the harmful influences of a floating white population. They then estab- lished trading posts, through which the native fishermen and trappers marketed their catches on a fair and' just basis, receiving food and clothing in return, but this scheme has always been on the understanding that its beneficiaries must work for their living. And long ago they took the hint.

Along with their trading stations the Moravians built churches and schools. They taught the natives to read, translated the Bible for them into syllabic, and even initiated them into some of the 'wonders of geog- raphy and history. Above all, they lived among them as men without guile, and in due time the leaven spread. Today the Eskimos of Mo- ravian Labrador are the most advanced of all the Arctic tribes in civilized industry and Christian living.

Dr. Grenfell's work on the Labrador coast also touches the Eskimos, but in general that wonderful ministry is concerned with a more southern field and a white constituency. At the northern end of the coast strip, too, the Moravians are neighbored by the Anglicans, who have missions at Cape Chidley (Port Burwell) and in upper Ungava.

Still farther north, across Hudson Strait, is the great, unexplored Baffin Island, which stretches along the main road to the Pole for some nine hundred miles. Even here from one thousand to twelve hundred Eskimos live permanently, for while the interior of the island presumably is barren there are tracts of good grazing land near the coast which support great herds of Arctic deer, and the seal and other fishing offshore is always abundant. At the southern end of the island the Anglicans have been conducting two missions for several years, and the Baffin-Land Eskimos are showing a responsiveness to Christian influence almost as marked as that of the Labrador tribes. There are one hundred converts among them, and four hundred have learned to read.

The Eskimos in Greenland are settled mostly in small communities on the west coast, from the southern extremity to about latitude 76, which marks the most northern permanent human settlement in the world. It was in Greenland that the first Christian mission to the Eskimos was established nearly two hundred years ago. Hans Egede, who came over from Norway in 172 I, under Lutheran auspices, was the forerunner of all the far-North missionaries of the present day, and in the history of world-wide missions he is justly ranked as "the Apostle of Greenland."

AMONG THE

Across the continent, from Alaska to Labrador, the total Eskimo population is probably not more than 16,000, and that of Greenland is about 12,000. These several thousands are divided into sixty or more tribes, with slightly differing dialects, customs, and traditions.

They are very evidently of common stock, however, and even their language is so nearly the same at root that a Yukon-Alaska native can talk with one from Labrador.

Almost as mysterious as the origin of the Eskimos is the reason for the singularly attractive qualities of their native character. The in- variable testimony of explorers is that they are naturally a good-tem- pered, happy, friendly, and trustworthy people, who in the midst of all their discomforts see the bright side of everything. Among themselves they are usually peaceable and neighborly, and family life, if not ideal, is at least kind and orderly.

They are without religious con- sciousness, except in a vague and meagre way, and such morality as they have is seemingly a matter of instinct, colored always by curious beliefs and superstitions. Some idea of a future life is found among them, but it is very indefinite, and the nearest approach to the idea of a divine being is a fairly general belief in a supreme goddess who AN ESKIMO OFFERING FOR MISSIONS lives beneath the sea. These arc skins that can be sold for a considerable sum Among these people, with their strangely happy spirits and crude philosophy, the Gospel has already wrought great changes. Even in that far and forbidding region there is an open door for missionary work., Where Everyone Goes to Church JOHN BACKLAND, Captain of the Of the 454 people at Point Barrow, "C. S. Holmes," touched at Point 450 were regular church attendants. Barrow, Alaska, after the old mission church had burned down. He had bought The captain estimated the probable and transported material to Point Bar- cost of an addition to the building to be row to build a new church. Eskimos about $1,450, and wrote to the Presby. from the surrounding country moved in terian Board of Home Missions, promisto be near it, and it became very inade- ing to give $250 of this himself. quate. Five years later when he returned, he found men, women and chil- Last summer he reached Point Barrow dren crowded into the church three times again, his boat loaded with all the maeach Sunday, filling it to overflowing. terial necessary for the addition, as well as coal, Christmas boxes and lantern and slides from the Board at home.

Culture of Missionary

A Study of the Source of Moravian Missionary Spirit BY REV. ROBERT H. BRENNECKE, JR., DOVER, OHIO C HRISTIANS, whose eyes are watching the fields already white unto the harvest, know something of the missionary spirit so strongly characteristic of the international Moravian Church. This pioneer missionary church looks back over a continuous activity in the foreign field extending over 185 years. Her operations reach into twenty-one different countries and provinces, from Alaska to South Africa and Australia.

How has this Brotherhood brought it to pass that its ratio of mis- sionaries to membership in the home-church is I to 60, whereas the usual average in most denominations is only I to 4,000? And how has it been brought about that its native members in the mission fields contribute $40,000 annually towards missionary support?

Undoubtedly the fundamental motive which prompted this great missionary work was a burning, personal love for the Saviour. The child-like simplicity with which all of the questions of daily living were constantly referred to the Saviour, as a child refers everything to parent or teacher, gives us the key to this beautiful Christian love. He was everything to them and without a sweet sense of His approval nothing was worth while. It was inevitable then that their hearts should go out in sympathy to those who kneW' nothing of such a wonderful Saviour. It was a source of keen sorrow when they realized that they had by some sin grieved the Saviour who died for them. Even so they were deeply saddened by the thought of His grief and heartache over the wholly sinful lives of those who knew naught of His love and sacrifice. The "love of Christ constrained them," they must go and tell others of His love.

This same motive and these same thoughts still actuate the Moravians. Surely nothing is more certain than that there never was any other message which so reached men's hearts as that of the dying love of the Saviour of men. But none who do not personally know it can bear the testimony with living power. Cultivation of the spirit of love for our personal Saviour is, therefore, the prime factor in cultivating the missionary spirit.

The eyes of the early founders of the work were also on the fields of the world. They saw the need of the nations afar and their hearts went out to them. Messengers of the Gospel followed. Count Zinzendorf at the court of the King of Denmark, heard from Antony, a West Indian converted negro slave, the pitiful story of the benighted heathenism of the negro slaves. Vhen the sin and need were made known to the Brethren at Herrnhut, the first missionaries set out for the West Indies. Again, the Count saw two baptized Eskimo boys from Green- land and learned of the opportunity for Gospel messengers in that frigid clime. As a result, Matthew Stach and Christian David set out as missionaries to Greenland. In all sorts of ways this earnest, love- filled band of Brethren and Sisters at Herrnhut, Saxony, saw a world- vision of need and forthwith missionaries were sent to Lapland, the North American Indians, Dutch Guiana, Cape Colony, the Guinea coast, Ceylon, Turkey, Wallachia, China, Persia, Egypt, Abyssinia, and else- where.

More than one of the great missionary leaders was inspired to his great Christian conquests by a map or a terrestrial globe. There can be little doubt that the presence of a missionary map in church or Sunday-school room, referred to and explained as occasion offers, will . enlarge the missionary vision of the worshippers. There can be no world conquest without a world vision. "Go ye into all the world."

It has been said that without his hymns, breathing the spirit of the Reformation, Martin Luther could perhaps not have accomplished his great work for the Church. So, too, one of the great factors in the life of missionary devotion, and especially in the Moravian Church, has ever been the missionary hymn. It is not very easy to substantiate this claim for English readers, for the reason that, for over a hundred years from the time of its renewal under Count Zinzendorf, the Mo- ravian Church was preponderantly German. Its hymnology, conse- quently, is largely confined to the German language and those hymns which have been translated have lost much of their strength.

The advocates of Christian social service today are demanding more hymns expressive of that idea. Their demand is well founded. The uplift of nations, accomplished again and again by missionary ef- fort, has been due in no small measure to the spirit of heroism, service and consecration engendered by our best missionary hymns.

In recent years we have learned to value the personal link between the home-base and the foreign field. It was the diligent cultivation of this very relationship which, perhaps more than anyone other means, helped to create the missionary spirit of the Moravian Church.

Once a month a missionary service was held, regularly, and the chief feature of these services was the reading of communications fresh from the missionaries at the front. We are repeatedly informed, e. g., that George Schmidt's diary (from South Africa) was the "spice" of these services. The archives of the church today contain many volumes of such manuscript diaries, letters and reports which were in their time painstakingly copied and sent around to the various congregations in the home land. Special hymns were sung in memory of the Brethren· who had laid down their lives for the Master. A number of hymns owe their origin to just such usages.

When John, the first convert of the mission to the Indians, died, Zinzendorf took occasion to have a painting made representing the eighteen "first converts" from the various heathen nations among whom work was being done. This painting was hung in a public place at Herrnhut and may still be found on the wall of the "small chapel" there. It was and still is the means of awakening many to a realization of the grace of God and His mercy toward all men.

The smallness of the church at home, especially in the early days, accounts for the fact that practically every missionary was personally known to a large part of the church. As. he went out, their personal interest and prayers followed him. When he returned, his narratives and reports were listened to with keen interest and a vital relationship was thus established with the far-off field of labor.

Occasionally native converts or candidates for baptism were brought back home and were baptized in the presence of the great and deeply interested home congregation, an occasion of deepest significance. Such a visible proof of the effectiveness of the Gospel could hardly fail to arouse an abiding and practical interest. The most memorable occasion of this nature was the love-feast celebrated in Bethle. hem, Pennsylvania, on the 9th of June, 1749. A company of Eskimos from Greenland, Arawak Indians from Dutch Guiana, and Mohican Indians, together with their missionaries, joined with the home church in Christian fellowship and the praise of God. "To hear them sing the praises of the Lamb and His wounds in their various tongues was indeed a heavenly concert," writes a historian of the time.

The creation of a missionary literature was also one of the means of cultivatimg a missionary spirit. Here again Moravians were pioneers. The "Periodical Accounts relating to Moravian Missions," now in its second century, has been published by the Moravian Society for the Furtherance of the Gospel ever since 1790. It was the first missionary periodical published in the English language and is still regularly appearing.

The literature created for and by the missionary propaganda at home and on the field consists of periodicals, pamphlets and books in English, German, French, Dutch, Danish, Negro-English, Bohemian and many other languages, even including the exceedingly difficult Tibetan.

The effectiveness of this literature for the purpose mentioned is shown by the fact, that it was a bundle of the "Periodical Accounts relating to Moravian Missions" which William Carey threw on the table in Kettering, before his assembled fellow Baptists in 1792, saying: "See what these Moravians have done I" It was this challenge which resulted a few months later in the formation of the great Baptist Missionary Society and the dawn of the so-called modern era of missions.

a Crisis in

BY THE REV. W. H. GRIFFITH THOMAS, D.O., WYCLIFFE COLLEGE, TORONTO T HE Church Missionary Society is the largest missionary organiza- tion in Great Britain, perhaps in the world. In many ways it is also the best known, and as such its influence is great on kindred socIetIes. Some recent circumstances in connection with it carry valu- able lessons for all missionary workers.

It is well known that all religious societies in Great Britain have been affected by the war, and the annual meetings in May last were the third held under the cloud of this terrible conflict. The attendances were smaller than usual, and the total receipts were the smallest for many years past. Yet, we are told, those who were present went away heartened and full of hope. Notwithstanding taxes, war loans and in- creased cost of living there was a spirit of confidence, courage and op- timism in regard to the future.

Why was this? The explanation is that the eyes of God's people were turned towards Him, and they were enabled to realize His grace and power in the presence of serious problems and grave emergencies.

The outcome of this attitude was seen in the resolutions passed at a special meeting of the Committee, held on the day of the anniversary. The situation was definitely faced, including, as it did, extending work, shortage of workers and decrease of funds. But all these were regarded as slight in comparison to the immense opportunity. It was felt that there could be, must be, no waiting until the end of the war, that "the field is the world," and every part is now closely connected with the rest. Further, the new spirit of heroism and self-sacrifice exemplified by the war needs to be utilized for spiritual purposes, and for all these reasons it was decided that now is "the accepted time to show men the world's need of redemption through Christ, to call forth earnest, methodical intercession, and to foster the sense of missionary vocation among communicants."

This is how the present situation with its expanding needs was put before those present. In Africa three special calls are being made for advance: ( I) That which comes as the result of the military movement in German East Africa, with eighty-six mission stations and Christian congregations representing a population of four millions. (2) The mass movement in Nigeria, where half a million are open to Christian teaching. (3) The call of the Northern Soudan, with its urgent need of educational work among girls. In India something like a million of the depressed classes are clamoring to enter the Church. In Japan there are greater opportunities than ever before, while China is passing through r~markable and rapid changes.

The result was showh in these resolutions, which were, it is said, passed with a spirit of real determination to carry them out. The wording is roost sigmficant, and in the light of the present strain and stress the statements made may well be pondered and accepted by missionary workers everywhere: I. That this Committee would call the attention of their fellow-workers throughout the country to the resolution passed at the annual meeting of the Society, in which are expressed thankfulness to God for the many and great mercies received during the past year; the need of deepened conviction with regard to the solemnity of the position with which the Church is confronted; and the inadequacy of her present missionary efforts.

II. That the aim of the Society during the coming year be: ( 1) To take its share: (a) in bearing witness to the obligation of each communicant to rec- ognize personal missionary strvice as an integral part of Christian disci- pleship; (b) in fostering vocation so that a large number of men and women may be prepared to go out to the mission field when God opens the way; (c) in seeking to deepen and train the prayer life of the Church; (d) in impressing the Church with missionary facts through the cir- culation of literature and definite instruction in other ways; (2) (a) To raise $1,900,000 to meet the estimated expenditure of the year and $119,830 to clear off the accumulated deficit, involving an in- crease of $200,000 in contributions from the associations, or an increase of 16 per cent.; (b) to persevere in its efforts to strengthen the Society's income by the regular collection of weekly and monthly contributions; (c) to make all anniversaries issue in some definite and practical' steps with a view to local advance j (d) to raise as large a proportion as possible of the income during the first six months of the year.

In this fine spirit the Society is facing the grave problem, and its keynote is the word "Prepare," .including preparation for advance at home and abroad; at home, by trying to make Christians see their opportunities and the risk of losing them; abroad, by planning for extensions that will meet the situation and show the whole Church the greatness and urgency of the task. With true point and appropriateness one of the speakers at the annual meeting referred to the truth that limitations do not necessarily m,ean weakness, but may be the Divine way of leading Christian people to concentration. Spiritual expansion may come by the very road of material limitations, unless these limitations are the result of our own lack of faithfulness.

One thing is perfectly certain, that whenever difficulties are faced in this spirit by individuals or sQcieties the outcome will be spiritual blessing.

Hebrews in

Hebrew Christian Alliance of America at Pittsburgh BY THE REV. ARTHUR PAYNE, MILDMAY MISSION TO THE JEWS, LONDON T HE Third Annual General Conference of the Hebrew Christian Alliance was held May 28th to June 1st, in the Second Pres- byterian Church, which was originally a Synagogue. Under a dome with elaborate designs to represent the signs of the zodiac and the names of the twelve tribes of Israel, stood out clearly a central design of the M ogen David, the double triangular shield with a star in the centre. It seemed as if the Lord Himself were saying: "I am the Root and Offspring of David, the Bright and Morning Star." Where once Hebrew worshippers gathered, the hymn "All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name and Crown Him Lord of All" was sung by Jewish and Gentile believers alike. The welcome in English and Hebrew, with the motto "JESUS SAVES," was a testimony in itself to the triumph of the Gospel among the people of Israel.

About one hundred delegates met on Monday evening at eight o'clock under the presidency of Rev. S. B. Rohold, of Toronto. Some delegates came from as far as California, Chicago and Canada.

Rev. Mark John Levy read an able paper on "Jewish Ordinances in the Light of New Testament Liberty," which was followed by a discussion in English, Yiddish and Hebrew, repudiating all Judaizing tendencies. The vote to remain true to the Gospel of Grace was indeed refreshing and hopeful for the future.

The kindly attitude of the members to the Zionist cause and the suggestion of sending representatives to the coming W orId Conference, especially as a testimony to the position and rights of Hebrew Christians in any contemplated Jewish State in Palestine, was well voiced by Rev. £. S. Greenbaum in his paper on "Zionism in the Light of Hebrew Christiani ty."

Rev. Elias Newman, of Montreal, gave a vigorous paper on "The American Jew and How to Reach him with the Gospel," and the Rev.

H. L. Hellyer, of Philadelphia, followed with one on "Our Unshep- herded Brethren." The Conference was not satisfied with the work of the past two years, such as the successful publication and circulation of the Hebrew Christian Alliance Quarterly, and most strenuously urged that a General Secretary and a travelling evangelist be appointed to represent the Alliance. This resolution was unanimously passed, and the appointment for the first year was offered to Rev. E. S. Greenbaum, of Chicago, who is making a sacrifice of both salary and comforts of home to undertake this onerous task. Two thousand dollars was subscribed among the

Conference friends to meet the expenses, so that the way is opened up to begin this movement at once.

Other messages were delivered at the evening public meetings. Rev. M. Ruben spoke on "The Calling of the Hebrew Christian"; one on "They That Did the King's Business Helped the Jews" was by Rev. A. W. Payne, of the Mildmay Mission, London; and Dr. Harris Gregg spoke on "Christ's Demand of the Hebrew Christian (Hebrews 3:1), Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, Christ Jesus." This struck a high note of consecration.

The final gathering on Friday included the Lord's Supper, presided over by the Rev. A. R. KuldelI, when unleavened bread and unfermented wine were distributed, Jew and Gentile alike taking part in the communion. Then followed a series of remarkable testimonials from Hebrew Christians, three minutes each in length, telling in a graphic manner of the saving grace of our Lord Jesus Christ. Every heart was thrilled and souls were stirred to a greater determination than ever to devotion to the cause of Christ among Israel. Pastor Flack's message and the closing address by Dr. Gregg on the Lord Jesus as the outstanding object of worship, trust and example in the Epistle to the Hebrews was the climax to a series of gatherings in which laymen and missionaries, ministers and students, musician and mechanic, Jew and J ewess took part; and in open-air meetings among the Jews and in personal dealing with individual souls sought to take advantage of every opportunity afforded to witness to a crucified, risen, glorified and soon returning Redeemer, Jesus Christ our Lord, the Holy One of Israel.

What Have We Done Today?

Ve shall do much in the years to come, But what have we done today?

We shall give our gold in a princely sum, But what did we give today?

We shall lift the heart and dry the tear, We shall plant a hope in the place of fear, We shall speak the words of love and cheer, But what did we speak today?

We shall reap such joys in the bye and bye, But what have we sown today?

We shall build us mansions in the sky, But what have we built today?

'Tis sweet in idle dreams to bask, But here and now, do we our task? Yes, this is the thing our souls must ask, What have we done today?-Selected.

"The Finger of God"

BY THE RIGHT REV. E. GRAHAM INGHAM, D.D., FORMERLY OF SIERRA LEONE (The following extracts from the annual sermon of the English Church 1I1issionary Society in May last preached by Bishop Ingham from Deut. 4:32, "Ask now of the days that are past," connect the work of Missions with some of the most interesting and important facts in English history.) SIX years ago the Archbishop [of today. Within this period, also, we find CanterburyJ with the late Prime the expansion of England coming about; the overflow of our race westwards, the Minister, the American Ambassador; enterprise and discoveries and visions of General Booth, and others stood to- our great sailors, 'and also, not least, the gether on the platform of the Royal productions of some of our greatest au- Albert Hall to point out this "finger of thors. In a word, the moment of the God" in connection with our own na- Authorized Version was the moment tion's story and that of other English- when our language was fixed at its best speaking peoples. They took us back to and when there began that world- 1611. ranging and world-knowledge which have characterized our people ever since. 1. That is the first period to which I Here in this conjunction I say is nothing invite you to look back tonight. Never less than "the finger of God." The Lord was it so' pleasant to tell out the story began to give us "the open door" when as in this wonderful "now" when Eng- at length the Church was ready to have lish-speaking people are, so to speak, the open word! welcoming the "Mayflower" back home laden with ideals we recognize as our 2. Let me trace for you, next, "the own from English-speaking people of finger of God" in the events of the another nation beyond the seas. I am eighteenth century, at the very end of going to claim, then, that when James which this Society was born. It was I (a most unlikely instrument) com- the period of the rise of what I will call missioned that Hampton Court Confer- experimental religion. Very few words ence to gather up and revise all the ver- are needed to remind you of the unspeaksions of the Bible in English that had able condition of the Church and theregrown up since Wycliffe's day, he put fore of the nation when John Wesley into the hands of the English people and his friends began their mission to that which wrought a greater revolution the whole country, within the degrading in thought and character than anything purlieus of Oxford gaol! That has been that has ever happened through our long truly called the glacial period of Engand chequered story! lish church history. It was. therefore the most immoral and depressing period Watch now for "the finger of God." of the nation's life. Looking back farther for a moment let us remember that the period of Wy- From 1738 to the close of the century cliffe's Bible coincided very nearly with a striking succession of evangelists rose Caxton's introduction of the printing up in this country who stirred men's press into this country. But Wycliffe hearts to their depths and brought about came first and Caxton followed. We an astonishing revival of spiritual reall know how the impetus given to Bible ligion. Do not discount this movement translation and Bible study led up to by dwelling on the mistakes that some that new order which (very unwisely as of these men made. Rather blame the I think) is kept too much out of sight

orthodox ecclesiasticism that was so cold years before Queen Victoria came to the and dead and unresponsive. And keep throne something happened. It was vivyour thought on this historic fact, that Idly brought home to some of us in the some seventy years of devoted evangeli- Cromer Summer School in a way which zation not only brought about a great we shall never forget. One bright sumspiritual awakening, but also created the mer afternoon in the grounds of Northatmosphere in which William Wilber- repps Hall the story was told us of some force's work from 1787 to 1807 was of the opposition and calumny and gimade possible. gantic . vested interests that Thomas Fowell Buxton was up against when for Vill you tell me that there is no re- long years he sought to bring Wilberlation between the Evangelical Revival force's work to its only logical concluand the decision of this country in 1807 sion by putting an end to all slavery to give up the vilest and most lucrative in the British dominions. The victory trade in flesh and blood that ever dis- came in 1834. Mr. Buxton's anxieties graced the trade of any country? were, however, far from over. West Indian gentlemen had predicted baccha- How is it that churchmen, on fire nalian orgies the moment the day of with the old Gospel, met together here freedom arrived, and, with it, the parin London in 1799 to say the whole alysis of all labor. On the contrary, the world must hear this messagd Scarcely negroes on the great day of freedom went a year went by but some new Bible, into the churches to pray till the hour of spiritual, or philanthropic movement was midnight of July 31 struck, and then not floated, and some, thank God, are praised God and went quietly home! floating stilll Monsieur Taine, the This news brought joy to the hearts of French historian, says that John Wesley Sir Foxwell Buxton and his friends. saved England from the horrors of revolution. And as I survey not only these Within three years of that great act movements and deliverances but also re- of repentance and restitution-so closely call Trafalgar in 1805 and Waterloo in affecting the morality of our trade 1815, I see again in these happenings throughout the whole empire-began a "the finger of God" 1 Because Eng- reign which will always stand out from land's ways in some true sense pleased our British history as the most progresthe Lord, He dealt with our enemies of sive, most splendid, and most happy in that day. God became to us "a God of all our chequered story. Thrones were deliverance." This was at any rate the before long overturned in Europe, revoview of the men who took the leading lutions broke out, a mutiny arose in our parts in the events of those times. And own India. Other troubles came, and they justify the con~lusion that the yet when we all stood around the grave awakening of the eighteenth century, of that great Queen in 1901 we said, with the moral, and religious, and even "The Lord hath done great things for Catholic movements (I speak advisedly) us, whereof we are glad. " We looked they led to, had been "the finger of back upon an unexampled era of prog- God." "God was working His purpose ress and we took on our lips Kipling's out as year succeeded year." famous interpretation of the very same thoughts that had filled the mind of 3. One other period remains to be Moses here, "Lest we forget-lest we accounted for-the Victorian. There forget!" I ask you, once again, to mark can be little doubt that that period, in "the finger of God." its expansion, its magnificence, its discoveries, and in its imperial aspects, has Some degree of faith and obedience in brought on us the challenge that is now the State and in the Church, aye, and enlisting all the manhood and woman- in our missionary enterprise, God had hood of this nation and empire-aye, once again blessed! "Ask now of the and other nations-in support of ideals days that are past." and aims dearer to us than life I Three

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer, Montclair, N. J.

The Editor's Message can wax as enthusiastic as a child at Christmas time about so splendid a OUR YOUNGEST presentation. And the great lessons can "HOW pretty and vivacious North- never be forgotten by those beautiful field's little sister is!" camp girls. Hurrah for our baby Sum- "Yes, indeed," 1 replied, linking arms mer School !'~ with my friend as we strolled across the NEW NORTHFIELD lovely campus of Wilson College, "and Place: Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pa.

as earnest and purposeful as her older Registratio1l: 450 women and girls. Many sister. I am surprised at her ability. applied who could not be accepted for And ret could a girl ever find more for- the Conference. tunate conditions for development!" Dates: June 28th to July 6th. "Truly no. Ideltl weather-cool, breezy and bright i special trains to Missio1lary addresses: Mrs. W. R. Stewart bring her and take her back again j of China, Dr. Catherine L. Mabie of Africa, Miss E. Marie Holmes of As- sam, Miss Clippinger of Africa, Miss spacious rooms and perfect equipment j Bonine of Mexico, and Miss Woods of great trees inviting one to sing and pray China. in God's out-of-doors j a dining room that stimulates esprit de corps by bring- Camps for girls: Presbyterian, Baptist, ing faculty and students into one great Methodist Episcopal, Methodist Episco- pal (South), United Presbyterian, Luth- eran (General Synod), Lutheran (Gen- room three times a day." eral Council), United Evangelical, "And what an alluring schedule for Friends, Christian, Evangelical Associa- tion, and Reformed Church in the U. S. a Freshman," I added. "All the names that Northfield conjures with offering Boards represmted: 15. 'An African Trail,' 'African Adventures,' 'The Gospel of Mark,' 'The Sunday program: Bible classes; sermon by Dr. A. L. Warnshuis of Amoy, China; story, hour for children; service for Meaning of Prayer,' 'Efficiency Points,' maids and waitresses; Student Volunteer 'International Friendship,' 'Pro and meeting led by Miss Vernon Halliday, Con,' 'The Lure of Africa,' and besides Sunset service led by Mrs. Montgomery; all that, methods and intercession, and Missionary rally in the Auditorium. sunset services, and missionary addresses Faculty: Mrs. Peabody, Mrs. Stewart, Mrs. Montgomery, Mrs. Farmer, Mrs. Boyd, just as fine as in Massachusetts." Miss Schultz, Miss Peacock, Miss Pres- "Don't you find a smaller conference cott, Miss Hixson, Miss Hand, director of Chorus Choir. an advantage?" "Yes, in many respects. Smaller Host: Dr. Warfield, President of Wilson College. classes make for personal contact and friendship, discussion is more frequent, L,aders of Int~rcessory Service: Mrs. Mary C. Porter, Mrs. Eveland, Miss Cather- and nearness to one's neighbor often ine Woods, Mrs. H. W. Smith, Miss brings one nearer to God." Purdy, and Miss Clippinger.

"New Northfield has time, too–time CONFERENCE FOR NEGRO for nap as well as study, pageant and WOMEN hike, swimming pool and prayer group, and although accommodations were over- Weare so used to the activity of all subscribed there has been no sense of sorts and conditions of women in every weariness or nerve strain as far as I department of life that we often read can see." the reports that come from new organ- "Wasn't that a fine pageant! One izations for domestic and social and re-

ligious betterment with flagging interest. were most of them intelligent and edu- But now and then something happens cated women, potential leaders.

along-a new application of an old idea Mrs. H. P. Winsborough, Superinthat seems big with possibilities for the tendent of the Woman's Auxiliary, was development of a people-and one's in attendance teaching Bible classes and attention is challenged by the novelty or noting how the women hunger and thirst possible worth of the effort. Such an for instruction and inspiration. l!Iornexperiment is the Conference for Negro ing and afternoon the auditorium of Vomen held at Stillman University, Stillman was filled with the delegates, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, In September, notebook and pencil in hand, as they FIRST CONFERENCE FOR NEGRO WOMEN. TUSCALOOSA, ALA .• 'SEPTEMBER 16-23, 1916 1916. The test was made on VIrgin eagerly listened with the purpose of pass- soil which has been neither the play- ing all ideas on to the less fortunate ground nor the battlefield of overlapping effort, and there is therefore rich prom- home people. . ise of fruitfulness. An important feature of the program The Southern Presbyterian Church has always claimed to understand the was a series of talks given by .Mrs. negro and his needs, and has had profound interest in his spiritual welfare. Huckabee, of Birmingham, on "Practi- An evidence of this is the founding of Stillman Institute for the training of cal Home-making and Its Problems." negro men for the ministry. And now, in an endeavor to develop leadership She is a state worker, employed to go among the negro women, the Women's Auxiliary has successfully car r i e d about among her own people to teach through the first conference ever held in their interest in the South. them better ways of living. Intimately One hundred and fifty-five negro wom- in touch with their lives, she could fit en were enrolled. They came from sixteen towns in six different states, and her talks admirably to their needs.

:Messages from the foreign field were brought to the conference by negro missionaries, four of whom were women who had spent from ten to twenty-five years in Africa.

. Nightly inspirational meetings were held and, to quote 11rs. Winsborough's own impression of the music that was

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

a special feature of these evening ses- presented at the annual meetings of all sions, "we had the most wonderful sing- mission Boards and at ·the Summer ing that anyone, I think, ever listened Schools and Conferences.

to. No white congregation ever en- It is the desire of the W orId Alliance joyed such an interdenominational chorus that every denomination establish a com- of fifty voices, trained by one of their mission, that every church organize an own leaders, a man who is at the head International Friendship Committee, and of a public schooL" that every Christian become a member.

On the last night of the inspirational The purpose is to secure: meeting, as we were in prayer, their 1. Adequate agencies for the settlefinal song was that which seemed to me most characteristically negro, and yet ment of international difficulties by other most impressive because of its peculiar methods than by war. rhythm and peculiar insistence upon one theme. 2. Laws for the adequate' protection of aliens. 3. Right and friendly policies in deal- At the close of the last morning ses- ing with Orientals. sion all delegates were asked to respond 4. Comprehensive immigration legisto the question, "What has this conference meant to me f' If anyone present lation free from race discrimination. doubted that the expenditure of time, S. Right relations with Mexico and effort and money had been worth while, those doubts must have been dissipated Latin America. by the testimony of these speakers. Their 6. Adequate national relief and regratitude for the help given them, their construction funds for grappling with the frightful sufferings of Europe.

What is your church doing to further delight in the opportunitv afforded them international friendship?

for conference, the inspiration received by them from the lessons, all combined A REAL BARGAIN to compel the conviction that no people When you send Miss M. H. Leavis, are more responsive to every effort made West· Medford, Mass., the order for in their behalf than are th~ colored peo- study books by Jean Kenyon Mackenzie, ple of our church. add ten cents for the recently published INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP report of a conference on the prepara- tion of women for missionary service.

The W orId Alliance is an interna- The two hundred pages of addresses and tional body which co-operates in the discussion are full of interest and illum- United States with the Federal Council inating information. Such leaders as of Churches of Christ in America, and Mrs. Peabody, Dr. Wm. H. Jeffreys, also with Protestant denominations not Miss Calder, Dr. D. ]. Fleming, Dr. included in the. Federal Council. It Agnes Gordon Murdoch, Mr. F. P. represents a movement, broad in scope Turner, Mrs. Platt, Dr. Stanley White, and deep in purpose, that seeks the con- Dr. Ellen Potter, and many others voice tinuous promotion of international jus- eloquently both practical advice and spirtice and good will. It is free from itual inspiration. questions of church organization and doctrine. It is loyal to our government, No young woman looking forward to and does not seek to decide issues in re- missionary work or even thinking of engard to the present war. tering upon it and no one having the re- sponsibility and privilege of helping The executive committee of our Fed- young women shape their preparation, eration, meeting in Washington, D. C .• can afford to be without this summary in May, endorsed heartilv the DIan and of the best thought on this subject; the study courses of the World Alli- Sometimes young women going out as ance, and urged that the topic of Chris- "missionary wives" feel that there is tianizing our international relations be nothing from which they can get tan-

gible suggestions. Mrs. Platt's article are glad to give the lesson period to a gives just the information these young wise teacher who will use this material women need. In the same way all the on Africa.

other kinds of women's work on the Marvellous enthusiasm has been cre- mission fields is dealt with by a special- ated by the adventures of war. Why ist. Furthermore, the appendix with can we not, as Christians, take advantage its list of missionary training schools of the thrilling story of Christ's con- and comments on each is very helpful. quest and enlist our bright boys and girls in this army of the Lord 1 CENTRAL COMMITTEE NOTES Societies 'taking up the study of "An We recommend the following publi- African TraiL"· by Jean Kenyon Maccations, issued by the Missionary Educa- kenzie, will find in "How to Usc" many tion Movement, 156 Fifth .Avenue, interesting suggestions and programs. New York, which will be valuable Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery, the to leaders of Junior Societies using the well-known lecturer at the Summer book,' "African Adventurers," by Miss Schools of Missions. has prepared this Jean Mackenzie: material, which mav be obtained from the various W ome~'s Boards of Mis- Suggestions to Leaders. (5 cents.) J. sions. Gertrude Hutton. QUOTABLE BITS African Picture Stories. (30 cents.) Katherine Hazeltine. A set of six pic- ABBIE BEN ADAMS tures, about 12 by 15 inches, with Abbie Ben Adams, may her life be spared, Awoke one night and felt a trille scared; stories for use with Primary children. For on her shirt-waist box cross-legged sate Directions for Making an African Vil- A Vision writing on a slate.

lage. J. Gertrude Hutton. Handwork for use in Sunday-schools and Mission Bands. (15 cents.) Missionary Object Lessons for Children Exceeding nervousness made Abbie quake, ~Africa. An African village or kraal And to the Vision timidly she spake; in colors, with a model of a grass hut "What writest thou?" The Vision looked with Manual for teachers, prepared by Ruth G. Winant and Fanny L. Kollock. appalled ($1.50.) At her presumption, and quite coldly Painting Book on Africa. Julie C. Pratt. drawled; A set of eight scenes to be colored by boys and girls. (15 cents.) "The list of our best people who depart For watering-places, sumptuous and smart." Picture Sheet-Central Africa. Over "And am 1 in it?" asked Miss Abbie. "No," thirty pictures intended especially for The scornful Vision said, "you're poor, you use with African Adventurers. (10 cents.) know."

Heart-of-the-Jungle Tales. Ada M. Skin- "I know," said Abbie, "I go where it's ner. A book of African adventure cheap; stories for Juuiors. (50 cents.) 1 can't afford mountains or prices steep. It is possible to use the book without But, just jot this thing down before you any of these helps, as it holds in itself fade; a wonderful story of African life. For 1 never leave my mission dues unpaid."

the thoroughly scientific teacher, how- The Vision wrote and vanished. Next night ever, who is willing to give time for late, preparation and will grade her Juniors, He came again and brought his little slate nothing could be more valuable than the And showed the names of people really best And, lo! Miss Abbie's name led all the rest! material indicated.

We recommend "African Adventurers" -CAROLYN WELLS in an Exchange. for use in Sunday-school classes of inter- — mediate grade for a period of six weeks. • The book may be obtained from any Many Sundav-school superintendents are Woman's Foreign Mission Board. Price, 30 seeing the value of this sort of work and cents, postage 7 cents, paper; 50 cents, post- age 7 cents, board.

THOUGHTS

MKS SKONARY ADDRESSES Suggestions for Lutheran Anniversary Sermons A s many Protestant organizations are eval doctrine that men are saved by this year celebrating the four hun- penance and self-imposed pain. They dredth anniversary of the Reformation changed the conception of God as threatunder the lead of l1artin Luther, it is ening men, not to be approached except appropriate to give here some facts and through some patron saint. suggestions for those who are studying the text books, are conducting Mission Luther said: "If I were to paint a Study Classes or who wish to speak on picture of God, I could do no better the subject. than to draw an all consuming fire of love." Some Themes-"What the Reformers did for Europe." c. Free before God. "Influence of the Reformation on America." The Reformation broke with spiritual "The Reformation and World autocracy of the Middle Ages. Wide Missions." Luther set forth the Bible teachings Scripture Texts- on this subject in the second of his great Reformation tracts: "The Freedom of "Ye shall know the Truth and the Truth shall make you frce."-Jno. 8:32. the Christian Man," published in 1520.

"The just shall live by faith." Gal. This tract has been called the most spir- 3 :11. itual message since the days of St. Paul. "Search the Scriptures."-J no. 5 :39. In it he lays down the two propositions: "A Christian man is a free man, Lord An Outline: of all thing~ and subject to none." "A Christian man is a servant to all things WHAT THE REFORMATION and subject to everyman." DID II. THE REFORMATION TRANSFORMED By REV. O. H. PANNKOKE, NEW YORK Executive Secretary of the New York Re- THE LIFE OF ·CHRISTJANITY.

formation Quadricentenary Committee a. It brought individual responsibility.

I. THE REFORMATION REFORMED THE The Reformers held that the preach- ing and teaching of the Gospel alone TEACHING OF CHRISTIANITY. can bring men to faith.

a. On the Bible Alone.' Rejected tra- ( 1) As a result the Bible was transditions of the church: mass, indulgences, lated and spread over the world. The relics, saints, monasticism. Bible became the book: of the laymert and the great leavening factor of Prot- Rejected final authority of powers ec- estant civilization. clesiastic or secular. (2) The foundation was laid for Luther at the memorable debate at thorough religious education. Leipsic said: "God's word is above all human words, "-"Councils and popes Luther's Small Catechism has beel'l, have erred and will again." next to the Bible, the most widely cir- culated book. b. By grace alone. Th!; Rdormers broke with the medi- (3) America was colonized largely because freedom of conscience was vital

to the hearts of Protestant peoples. The never wearied of urging upon ministers, Puritans left England, the Palatinates rulers and parents their solemn and left Germany, the Salzburgers left Bo- sacred duty in providing schools and hemia, all because they felt their re- seeing to it that the children attend sponsibility before God more keenly them." than the threats of earthly rulers and the loss of home, wealth and fatherland. h. Liberty.

b. It brought personal morality. Henry Lewis Smith, President of Washington and Lee University, says: The Reformers were as insistent on "Modern democracy, which is now good Christian life as they were on pure transforming all human customs and in- Christian faith. stitutions, took its rise in the Protestant Reformation four centuries ago. The The Reformation brought three great great doctrines of the sonship of the inchanges in moral attitude. dividual believer, the equality of all souls in God's sight, and the right of each (1) It substituted the duties of life child of God to worship his Father in for the rules of the monastery. his own way, laid the foundation of modern democratic civilization, now Luther said: "If you do your house- happily spreading over the whole world." work that is better than all monkish holiness." c. Intelligence.

(2) It sanctified the home. Arthur V. Briesen says: The princi- pal value of the Reformation is the re- Married life and women were little sulting intellectual awakening of all the esteemed toward the close of the Mid- people in Christian countries. Before dle Ages. In current literature woman Luther they took their belief solely from had become a type whose characteristics the Church, obeying its commands, and were: Coquettishness, vanity, vicious- conforming their actions thereto. The ness, unfaithfulness, luxury, laziness, Reformation made them think and conmeanness, stubbornness. form their actions to the convictions re- sulting therefrom. The great intellec- The Reformers condemned enforced tual development of Christian nations celibacy as unscriptural and unnatural. has really sprung from and followed the Reformation." Many great men have come from a Protestant pastor's home. IV. IT IS APPROPRIATE TO RECALL ITS (3) It energised Christian love. BLESSINGS.

Medieval Christians helped the poor Robert E. Speer says: "The great to merit heaven. The Reformers de- convictions of the Reformation need manded love toward the needy as the clear reaffirmation today-the supremacy natural consequence of faith. of truth, the law of God's righteousness, binding, nations and men and transcend- In essence the principles for relief ing all their imagined self-interest, the immediate responsibility of every man, of the poor, set forth bv the Reforma- not to churches or governments, but to tion, have not yet been -improved upon God, faith in the living power of God by modern social workers. in Christ to save individuals and society and to establish on the earth a kingdom, III. THE REFORMATION BROUGHT MOD- not of armaments and war, but of peace and love and justice, the possibility and ERN LIFE. duty of a vivid experience of God in the soul and of a living transforming fellow- a. Public general education. ship with Him in His word and in His Han. P. P. Claxton. of the National S~>n," Commission of Education, says: "Few have understood better than Luther the importance of the education of all classes of people for individual good and public welfare; for material wealth, moral integrity, social purity, civic righteousness, religious freedom and the strength and stability of the state, Luth~r

McNeill and the General depots at Berlin, Vienna, Budapest, Bel-

grade, and Constantinople still have p REACHING at the Metropolitan their doors open, their shelves were Tabernacle, London, John Mc- emptying. Neill, the famous Scotch evangelist, described a recent conversation with a gen- In trenches and dug-outs, in prison eral in the British army. camps, in barrack rooms and on battle- Said the general; "What you need to ships, the fighting men of all nations preach to these men is: That when they have been reading the khaki-bound spring out of the trenches and go over pocket Testaments and Gospels issued the top, and a German bullet lays them by the Society. Alarming increases in low, they go to heaven, having made the the cost of production had compelled the great sacrifice." Society to expend $150,000 extra, merely "General," he replied, "pardon me. I to produce its editions, and the commit- have got my orders as to what to preach tee Were appealing for an emergency from other Headquarters, and I am not fund which would provide for present going to try and obey two generals. I liabilities and the claims of the immedi- love our men," he continued, still ad- ate future.

dressing the general, "for the glorious stand they have made, but the way I pre- Mission Work in Dublin sent Christ and the Gospel can never be O NE of the most interesting bits of exceeded in its utter adequacy. For the Christian work in Ireland is the man who springs at the signal and goes Dublin Medical Mission, which seeks to over the top of the trench you can not win the poor in the lower parts of the make the gate wider than I make it, or city to Christ. During the past twentywider than Christ's own terms, which five years over 300,000 attendances have meet every circumstance. Besides, gen- been registered at the dispensary, to say eral, the sacrifice of a million soldiers for nothing of the visits paid by doctors and any cause does not come within a million nurses to the homes of the patients. miles of the unique sacrifice of the Lord Kindly and skilful ministry to the body Jesus Christ for the sins of the world." has again and again proved effective in Facts About Bible Work gaining the confidence of the most big- oted, and has led to their sincere accep- A T the recent annual meeting of the tance of the Gospel. Many unenlight- British and Foreign Bible Society ened Romanists have passed from dark- -the one hundred and· thirteenth of its ness to light as a result of the faithful history-it was reported that the work work carried on amid circumstances of of translation and revision goes forward great difficulty and frequent opposition unchecked, and the Society's list of ver- on the part of the priests. The Mission sions now contains 504 different lan- has been a splendid training-ground for guages. During the past year versions missionary candidates, over fifty of have been published in seven fresh whom, now in the various foreign fields, tongues-in the Chich dialect of jieng, owe much to what they learned of prac- Munchi, Lunda, Bhili, Vaiphei, Roviana, tical soul-winning there.-Life of Faith.

and N dui-ndui. The issues for the year In the Huts in France number 9,539,235 volumes-a result somewhat short of the previous year's, REV. J. N. FARQUHAR, Ph.D., of for it proved impossible in Central India, counts it a "priceless privi- Europe either to produce or import all lege" to have spent some time in the the editions needed, and though the Young Men's Christian Association huts

in France. He says of the work: Suffering in Galicia "This daily commonplace service of M UCR good has been accomplished the men by the workers is simply superb; by an organization formed in the devotion of the workers surpasses Great Britain for the relief of the civil everything I have yet seen; while the population in Poland and Galicia. From spirit of the men, and their behavior in the latter country the following report the huts, clutch at one's heart. The comes: scenes of the Gospels live before one's eyes-the multitudes, the needs of men, "The devastation in this unhappy the hungry being fed, the weary enter- country is frightful. All the towns tained, the simple truth of Christ spoken. where there has been fighting are in a Christianity is being reborn in these huts, terrible condition; some are razed to the the religion of love expressed in the sim- ground, and there are places where once plest and kindliest service." stood villages in which now not a trace remains save a few mounds of earth In speaking of a series of educational overgrown with thistles to show where lectures, he says: houses once stood. Rere and there peas- ants shelter themselves in the remains of "Some of the lectures centered in lands destroyed villages, and so long as they of the East; and the great questions of are in the region of the army they can color and race, of the effects of European obtain work and receive presents of food trade, government and education on non- from the soldiers, but when the army Christian peoples, and of the rejuvena- passes on they are left stranded, and but tion of Asiatic lands and savage tribes, for the work of the relief organizations raised the whole problem of missions. would starve." Seen in the light of these larger issues, the work of missionaries captures the Safe Amid Shells in Greece mind and imagination of crowds of the men, and deep interest is created. M ISS MARY L. MATTHEWS is the only American Board mission- "What is happening in France today ary left in Monastir. When the mission is not merely of service to the men, but is work was on its normal basis she was of the deepest significance as to the in- at the head of the girls' boarding and nermost heart of the Gospel. The man high school :with a total enrollment of who wishes to get a living message to 150 pupils and a teaching force of ten. preach to the people of England, or who It is a post of great difficulty but one wishes to see church methods brought that should be held. In describing her into living relation with the needs of work at present Miss Matthews writes: modern men, will see in the huts enough to set his heart and mind on fire." "With three assistant teachers, one girl, and three families in the main Juvenile Crime in Germany building, and the orphanage with a woman and fifteen girls in the adjoining GERMAN papers deplore the in- yard, we are a company of thirty peo- crease of crime among the young. ple. Because of the danger from shells, we live in the basement, and no harm Statistics prove that the number of crim- has come to anyone of us, though our inals under the age of eighteen was four two school huHdings have suffered damtimes greater in 1916 than in 1914, es- age. . . . I hope it will not be necespecially in the category of theft and sary for me to go away. I think no murder. The criminals are mostly chil- building in the city has stronger walls dren whose fathers are serving in the than the lower part of this building, and army, while their mothers work in mu- God, who has cared for us wonderfully nition factories, thus leaving them with- through all these five months, surely is out supervision. One influential organ able to keep us from harm in the future, asks that fathers over forty-five now at if He sees that it is best." the front should be freed from military service, so that Germany's increased criminality may possibly be checked.

FROM MANY LANDS

Results of Prohibition in Russia nucleus of a Russian Mission. The proclamation of complete religious freC"' A REPORT issued recently, giving dom on the part of Russia, is of the ut- official information regarding pro- most importance to the work; it opens hibition in Russia, states that in 1912 the the way for large developments in the people of Russia saved only $20,000,000. Caucasus region and beyond. Already In 1913 the amount was still less. Dur- throughout this region the force on the ing the eight months before the war in ground are busy disbursing the relief 1914 they withdrew $55,000,000 more funds sent out from America and also than they deposited. Then national pro- in ministering to the stricken people in hibition became effective, and in four spiritual ways. From these workers months the people saved $70,000,000. During the first prohibition year they urgent appeals still come for aid, describsaved $405,000,000, and in the first nine ing conditions as follows: months of 1916 the savings were $755,- "The refugees are in a critical condi- 000,000. For the last year of the unre- tion, naked and exhausted. Wherever stricted liquor traffic Russia's bank de- ,,:e go we hear the same cry-'If you posits were only $40,000,000, while the dId not help us our position would be deposits in a prohibition year in the midst hopeless.' Everywhere we see the signs of war have been $885,000,000. of hunger and physical faintness. It is impossible to see their deplorable condi- MOSLEM LANDS tion without being deeply moved. Armenian Relief Continues "Clothing has been given in small quantities by native committees. This I N reply to the question whether the barely covers their nakedness and so they work of the American Committee on are eagerly awaiting our coming with Armenian and Syrian Relief will be seri- warm garments. The housing of the ously interfered with by the breaking off refugees is very bad, cold, damp and of diplomatic relations between the U ni- uncomfortable and unsanitary. There ted States and Turkey, the Committee are over 260,000 refugees in the Cau- casus." states; "In the first place, there are now and At Erivan the veteran missionary, will still remain neutral agencies through Dr. Raynolds, and Mr. Yarrow have which help will be rendered. In the sec- put thousands of refugees to work mak- ond place, attention is called to the fact ing woolen garments at a living wage, that some of the most needy parts of the thus stimulating industry while saving field are under the control of the Rus- multitudes of lives.

sian and British authorities who are co- Descendants of the Crusaders operating to the full extent of their ability. In the third place, at no time has " 0 UT in the desert behind the town," the actual shipment of food and supplies writes Dr. M yrea, of Kuweit, been a large factor in this work. Relief Arabia, "are always large numbers of has been given chiefly through transmis- Bedouins living in tents. These have sion of money and credits with which been faithfully worked by one of our food and other necessities have been pur- men. Last year he could hardly gain chased by American Consuls, missionaries admittance to a tent but this year he is and others. No matter what happens welcome everywhere and none has ever this work will continue through neutral said anything objectionable about him agents." or his message, with one unimportant Relief Work in the Caucasus exception. On one occasion he was asked about prayer and so he simply F OUR stations of the American stood up and prayed so that he Board in Turkey are already under might show them how Christians pray.

the Russian flag-Trebizond, Erzerum, They approved his prayer and expressed Bitlis, Van, and these may form the their surprise at his new demonstra-

tion of Christian piety. Among the racy as in this great empire. Fifty miltribes in camp this year round Kuweit lions of India's masses must look to are the Suleib, a tribe held in the great- Christianity for social and spiritual est contempt by all other Arabs, because emancipation. Now is the time to win of their reputed Christian origin. They them for Christ. Because the regular have proved to have at least one very resources of the missions on the field are interesting custom. On two occasions in insufficient to meet the crisis a :Mass connection with circumcision rites, our Movement Commission has been organman has seen in the door of a Sulibi tent, ized. Twenty-five dollars annually will a small cross decorated with brightly col- support a boy in boarding school, preparored ribbons. This custom, they say, has ing him for college or seminary, and to been handed down to them from their become a leader in the native commuforefathers. One theory of the origin nity. Fifty dollars annually will support of this interesting tribe is that they a chaudhri (a village mayor) and his sprang from those of the followers of the family in school where they may learn Crusading armies who did not return to read and write, deepen their Christian to Europe."-Moslem World. experience, and return to their own vil- lage to evangelize and teach without New Interest in Persia salary. One hundred dollars annually will establish a village school, erect the ESS than a dozen years ago, when building, and support the teacher. This L the colporteurs visited the sacred will make possible the immediate convercities of Persia, they had to work secret- sion of a whole village. ly, and if they disposed of half a dozen copies they thought they had done well. Close to the Tibetan Border Within the past two months one of these cities was visited by a worker, and in T ~E Salvation Army has been knockten days, in spite of opposition, he sold Ing at the closed doors of Tibet. 400 cupies of the scriptures to Moslems. For the past three years, Ensign Frank In that time he also met three men who Mortimer has conducted a medical and gave every evidence of being earnest in- industrial institution at. Chini, some ten quirers; two of them have since left the thousand feet up among the Himalaya place and gone to a neighboring town mountains in Bashahr, between British to receive further instruction. An un- India and Tibet. The scattered populacultured lad, knowing nothing but how tion numbers twenty thousand Kanauris. to read Persian, has had a wonderful in- Many times with his medicine chest sight into scripture truth. His ready across his shoulders has he made tracks interpretation of difficult passages and his through the perilous mountain passes, lucid exposition is amazing. By the while ministering with devotion to the daily reading of the Word of God to needs of a people in snow-bound, bearhis neighbors he has awakened a real in- infested regions which for well-nigh twoterest in Christianity. thirds of the vear are inaccessibl~ from outside. In three years he has handled INDIA AND CEYLON seven thousand cases of illness and acci- dent, many of them serious and urgent, The Mass Movement in India but so far not one has died under treat- ment. Among the patients was the LAST year the Methodist Episcopal Lotsa Lama, the third man in the Ti- Mission in India received 40,000 betan priesthood, who while professing supernatural power to cure the natives people, but was compelled to turn away of their ailments, earnestly besought the 153,000 because there were no teachers Salvationist to provide him with a remor preachers to train them and lead them. edy for rheumatism! Since his recent ar- The war has made India more ready rival in London, the Ensign has comthan ever for evangelization. There is no pleted a version of the Gospel of John place in the world where America can so mightily lead people toward democ-

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into Kanauri, and the manuscript IS III tion shows a marked falling off from the hands of the Bible Society. the fidelity of their fathers and grand- fathers. Rights of Indian Christians The change is accounted for by the T HE Christian Patriot, commenting two words, missionary schools. Hindus on the address of the president of believe that the seed sown in the minds the All-India Christian Conference, held of the little children by missionary teachin Madra:s, summarizes conditions in the ers is undermining the faith of the youth Christian community as follows: of the land. Hence the new activity in establishing Hindu village schools, high "We are four millions of British sub- schools and colleges, and the bitter opjects. Our loyalty has neve.r been ques- position toward mission schools on every tioned. The percentage of hterate popu- hand. Good testimony that! lation is the largest; in the matter of female education, we stand foremost." SIAM AND MALAYSIA But, in spite of all of this, we have received no recognition at the hands of the Afraid of the Dragon Government. In these days of sectional and sectarian representation, we have no REV). L. HARTZELL, of Siam, Indian Christian feeling to voice our WrItes: grievances in the Imperial and l?cal.legislative councils. There are mtncate "We came to a place called Ban Bai, problems of marriage, succession and in- where they had never heard of Christ heritance which concern our welfare and before. The people were living in the which can be solved only by legislation, most abject slavery to the spirits and and there is no one there who can plead were afraid of us and our message, reour cause, unfettered by obligations to fusing to listen to instruction or to reother communities. The educational ceive literature. One man received a needs of our community have not re- copy of Matthew and a tract, but the ceived that attention from Government next day brought it back. Evidently to which we are entitled. Indian Chris- some wise neighbor had informed the intians, whatever their denomination or nocent one of the danger he incurred in Church, ought to unite and ask the Gov- arousing the anger of the spirits. In anernment to remove these grievances. Be- other place I tried to interest the people cause we have been silent so long, our in the phonograph and stereopticon, but silence has been misconstrued into ac- they refused to come, saying that I quiscence. Hereafter we ought to break wanted to take their pictures and show our silence and emerge into the open day them to a great dragon spirit which to ask for our due share in the responsi- would eat them. You may laugh at this bilities and rights of Government." at home, but with us it is no laughing matter, for such stories are a terrible hin- drance to our work."

Why the Priests Are Anxious Pressing on Toward the Mark REV. EDWARD LINCOLN REV. R. W. POST, of Petchaburi, SMITH, D.O., returning from Siam, tells of an interesting con- his recent visit to Ceylon, writes in the vert, a Chinese owner of a sugar mill~ Congregationalist: to whom he sold some Scripture por- tions when he made a river tour in 1904. "In Jaffna district where for one hun- "He has read a large amount of dred years American missionaries have Christian literature, including some theobeen sowing patiently the seed of the logical text-books, all in the Chinese Gospel and where today 11,000 children language; he can, however, understand are in our mission schools, the priests Siamese very well indeed. In 1914, alcomplain that their people are less faith- though the;e were but five earnest inful to the rites and obligations of the quirers at Wai Neo, his faith in the ancient faith, that the present genera-

future of the work was such that he CHINA offered a fine site, on the river, of six acres, and there was a building that The Industrial Revolution would serve as a chapel. But his offer could not be accepted as there was no A COMMERCIAL writer is stirred evangelist available. He wrote out his by the industrial revolution which confession of faith and sealed it with is now taking place in China, and says: his seal. "This revolution demands vision, im- Later he wanted to be baptized, and agination, and statesmanship on the part his examination was unusually satisfac- of America. American manufacturers, tory, especially as regards prayer and exporters, bankers, and capitalists must loyalty to Christ. But his desire could visualize not the Far East of twenty not be complied with as he had one wife years ago, not even the Far East of to- in China and one in Siam, as is the case day, but the Far East of ten or twenty with many of the Chinese who can af- years hence. China's undeveloped re- ford it. Though sorely ,disappointed, sources-and what is true of China is his loyalty did not waver, and in Jan- true of th,e Philippines and of the other uary, 1915, he bought a building in the Pacific countries-should engage our atmarket and set it apart as a chapel, even tention. China's dense population, inthough there was and is no prospect of dustrious and peace-loving, just emergan evangelist. His latest proof of love ing from feudal conditions of a few to Jesus is his decision to divorce one thousand years is on the threshold of a wife in order that he may be baptized. flew era. Once raise the standard of liv- Pray that he may. himself become the ing of these millions, and present trade evangelist for Wai Neo." figures and possibilities will become in- significant. China uses only about one Needs of Malaysia dollar's worth per capita of foreign goods. Japan, with much fewer natural M ALAYSIA is one of the greatest resources but with a larger purchasing mission fields in the world. It power and with greater desires for Westcovers a space about equal to the United ern products, has a foreign trade eight States, but is broken into many islands; times as great per capita as that of and has a population of more than forty China. China today is entering upon an millions. The island of Java carries industrial revolution which means 200,- four times as many people as the state 000 miles of railroad instead of her of New York, and has an immigration present 6,000. Hundreds of blast furnof 310,000 Chinese and Indians every aces will be needed instead of the four year. Sumatra and Borneo alone could that she now utilizes; while her great support 200,000,000. The religions of mineral wealth will necessitate large conthis vast number of people are Hindu- signments of mining machinery. Flour ism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, mills, oil mills, steel works, power and Mohammedanism. The latter re- plants, telephones, telegraph systems, ligion is chiefly embraced by the Malay chemical works, paper mills, sugar mills, races. And for all these millions, there cotton mills, and factories of many kinds is a total of about 400 Christian work- soon to be needed in China will call for ers, European and native all told. unlimited capital and technical equip- There are about 140 from Germany, ment." the Dutch and English societies together have about 160, and America has a little Does not the Church see the signifimore than 100, The Methodist Epis- cance of this revolution, too? copal Church is the only Christian body in America represented in that great and New Vices for China needy field. It is at the crossroads of civilization and a strategic ,point. W ITH the abolition of opium, China is being exploited by liquor and tobacco firms of the United States, Europe, and Japan in an effort

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to introduce the use of alcoholic intoxi- Christian Association quarters are. about cants, cigarettes, and other forms of to- a quarter of a mile southwest. No more bacco. Soon after the prohibition of opium central or desirable location could be the United States Consular Reports be- found in the city. .. gan to record China's increased importation of beer and cigarettes. Net In the main ducal residence are four profits of foreign wines and spirits increased from $2,614,000 in 1906 to $5,- quadrangles with several fine old Chi- 026,000 (Mexican dollars) in 1915. The Chinese daily papers are made me- nese buildings, which, if the college had diums for advertisements of special brands of beer and whiskey. Billboards one hundred pupils, would still pTC!>vide and electric signs invite the use of foreign beers. In one brewery in the city a chapel and assembly room, a museum of Chefoo there is a running stock valued at $6,000,000 Mexican throughout and library, aU lecture rooms needed, the year. There are several breweries situated in the various foreign settle- except for science, and also homes for ments. eight or ten foreign teachers. This Through the efforts of the British- American Tobacco Company, which has leaves, as the immediate needs of the college, student dormitories, a large science building with suitable labora- tories and provision for musical and household science departments. At pres- ent two buildings needed for lecture halls are being used as dormitories.

There have been thirty-six students do- ing full college work this year, besides nine others taking part work.

I announced as its slogan, "a cigarette in A Representative Membership the mouth of every man, woman and child in China," China's people are rap- N a recent membership campaign 1,054 idly becoming addicted to the tobacco members joined the Peking Young habit. A banker returning from China Men's Christian Association, more than says of this same company that its cig- 600 of them for the first time. This arette posters have flooded the country. brought the membership up to 2,500.

Up to the beginning of this enter- The President, the Premier, the Minis- prise, the Chinese had never used to- ter of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of bacco except in pipes and in very small Education, admirals, generals, heads of quantities in cigarettes, which they colleges, the chairman of the United rolled themselves. Now it is estimated Chamber of Commerce, and other prom- that half the cigarette consumption of inent men are contributors or members the world is in China. and in many ways give evidence of their keen interest in the Association. The College Girls in Peking annual budget is $100,000 Mexican, all THE new home of the North China of which is raised locally. The directors Union Woman's College is in the are all Chinese. There are fifteen Chi- nese and five foreign secretaries leading old ducal residence known as T'ungfu. the work in the two branches.-Foreign It is in the east city of Peking, only Mail. a few hundred yards from the American Board Mission. The Methodist Mis- Medical Union in Canton sion is about a mile south, the Presby- terian about two miles north, the Lon- THE many friends of the Canton don about a mile and a half west. The Hospital will be glad to hear that site being purchased for the Federated the long-hoped-for Canton Medical Mis- Peking University, of which this is like- sionarv Union has been consummated.

ly to be the women's department, is Three missions have definitely prom- more than a mile to the southeast. The ised to provide Staff members, and have Union Medical College for Men is half appointed their representatives on the a mile south and the Young Men's Board of Directors, namely the Ameri-

can Northern Baptist Mission, the Re- In the capital of Kiang'su the Mo- formed Presbyterian Mission and the hammedans have some good schools and American Presbyterian Mission. The in the mosques the men are trained in New Zealand Presbyterian Mission is Arabic, the Koran and the traditions. merely waiting confirmation of similar There is even a theological seminary action by cable from its Board, and taught by a man who has been to Mecca. the United Brethren Mission also ex- .pects shortly to participate in the Union. Every year Moslems from other coun- The other Missions also favor the plan. tries pass through Honan province.

A Short Cut to Chinese I am proposing, therefore, to take a considerable quantity of Arabic scrip- A NEW system of Chinese short- tures and other books, hop:ng to plant hand has been perfected by the this living seed in many a large, unculbrothers, Dr. Ernest Peill and Dr. Sid- tivated acre." ney Peill, of the London Missionary Society in North China, whereby illiterate, JAPAN AND CHOSEN ignorant folk can be taught to read the difficult Chinese language in a very short Yokohama's "Chinatown" time. Rev. Arnold Bryson, during a trip in the Testern district, taught one REV. MR. FORESTER, a represenlot of men to read intelligently in three tative of the Church Missionary days! He says he will never forget the look in their faces, when they told Society in Japan, is quoted in the C. M. him of the strange things that had come S. Gazette as follows: into their lives, that in three days they had learned to read for themselves. They "Yokohama is the terminus of all the each bought a copy of John's Gospel. east-bound traffic of the Occident, and The new system, which is known as for China and Japan the gateway of the the "Tzuwu," is certain to spread to road to the great new world. On the other places, and it is believed that it slopes of low hills near the station, and will have a tremendous influence.-The stretching across to the harbor, is J apa- King's Business. nese Yokohama with all the usual ap- purtenances of any Japanese town, and Arabic in China between this and the foreigners' domain lies a third world, the 'China Town' of D R. ZWEMER, who is now on a Yokohama. There can be bought all the trip to China, wrote shortly be- Chinese necessaries and luxuries that any fore starting: "There is an increasing of the 4,000 denizens of China Town use of Arabic among Chinese Moslems. may need-Chinese pickles, sweetmeats, There seems to be a revival of Arabic hams, birds' nests, ancient eggs, and so study, forth. Off the streets are open courts and alleys, very reminiscent of London All mosques in the province of Chih-li back streets and their ramifications. The have Arabic schools; the Ah-hungs houses are two-storied, and one family (Mullahs) can read the Arabic Scrip- lives below, and a second, with a sepatures easily. In Peking that language is rate staircase, up above. Dirt and distaught on a larger scale than elsewhere. comfort seem to abound. In each house There are even schools for girls to learn is an idol shelf with rice, incense, and Arabic. candles set before shrines and images.

In Shansi seven mosques teach Arabic "On one afternoon I visited six houses and outside the mosques there are four in one court, and in answer to the quesschools where girls under sixteen years tion, 'Do you know anything about the of age are learning Arabic. There are Christian religion~' the reply each time seven men here who read Arabic well; was, 'I have never heard.' Beyond a probably each place has at least one. few instances the women know no J apa- nese, in spite of having lived ten, fifteen, or twenty years in Yokohama, and will have to be taught in their own Can-

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tonese tongue. The great need is a Can- erewski. Many people laughed, some tonese woman to teach them." were offended to see their minister look- ing so shaggy, and no one could under- Japanese Endeavorers stand it. It was unthinkable that he was going back to the old days of the top- T HE Japan Union of Christian En- knot, but Hyun had said nothing about deavor has passed its quarter-cen- his vow. In the autumn one day Hyun tury mark with the holding of its twen- appeared with a perfectly proper cut on ty-fifth annual convention in Tokyo. It his fine head of black hair, and his face was a memorable occasion, unique in at wreathed in smiles.. Few knew the realeast the following points aside from its son, but Hyun had gained his five hunsignificance as a silver anniversary: dred converts."

It was reported at that time that there Advance Into Manchuria had been during the year a net gain td the Union of 112 societies with a mem- THE migration of Koreans to the bership of 5,686, which is almost double sparsely settled valleys of Manchuthe enrolled numbers of a year ago. There was also a similar advance made ria is being facilitated by the cheap coin funds collected in Japan for Chris- lonial rates offered by the Japanese 'govtian Endeavor work. The 212 socie.: ernment railroad leading into that counties represent twelve different denomina- try. In past centuries the Korean people tions. spread over a large portion of Manchu- ria, and now under the pressure of the Endeavorers were not satisfied with Japanese colonization of Chosen, the Kolast year's record gains. They pledged reans are again moving northward. The themselves to a still stiffer program for Presbyterian mission of course is anxious the year to come, officers and council- to keep up with the tide, and is planlors pledging their best efforts to secure ning for a station in Manchuria in the another hundred societies, to double the early future. Everything augurs for number of sustaining members and also a steady stream of migration to the secthat of subscribers to the magazine, and tion, and the workers on the field beto cover the whole empire with evan- lieve these emigrants should have the gelistic tours in the interests of Christian same opportunity for hearing the Gospel Endeavor, while eighty of the delegates in their new home that they had in their over their own signatures pledged their old. efforts along the five lines of daily prayer, regular church-attendance, aid- Kim's Zero Marks ing the Sunday-school, doubling contributions, and engaging in some form of REV. JOHN Z. MOORE, of the social service–peace, temperance, and Methodist mission in Pyeng Yang, good citizenship being the movements specially emphasized. Korea, writes of Kim, one of the leading native Christians: A Korean Pastor's Vow "He is now sixty-three years of age REV. JOHN E. MOORE tells an and began to believe in Christianity when he was forty-two. All these years interesting story of a Korean evan-. he has given his time to the church with- out a cent of pay in money. He has a gelist: l 'f farm that gives him a living. He has never 'wavered, but during recent special "Pastor Hyun of the First Methodist meetings, he made a confession: Church, Pyeng Yang City, took upon "He arose and said: 'I had a dream and I am so ashamed I have not told it himself a vow. He said: 'I will not to you before. Now that you are all cut my hair until I have added five hun- getting such blessings J cannot but tell dred new believers to my church.' This it for I want a new blessing myself. In was early in the year 1916. All through the summer Pastor Hyun went about looking like Alexander Dowie or Pad-

the dream I was having my final ex- are generally more progressive than aminations. First one was on my theo- most of the natives of the district. logical beliefs; I passed with a full hundred on that. Then, Bible reading; "Mr. King has written you about the there was no trouble about it, as I had opening at Gwenzi's and his hope to not missed a day reading the Bible for establish a school there. There are few twenty years. Then came prayer and I chiefs in this country with as many peopassed on that. In fidelity I received ple as Gwenzi and, as he is near Mt. 100, for when have I wavered or Silinda, they know what we teach and thought of not being faithful to the end ~ what it means to become Christians. But when it came to real love for the Personally, I think it is one of the most brethren I received zero, and on preach- important points for us to occupy. Our ing from house to house and to individ- work at Mphungu's is already bearing uals, I did no better. Then when it fruit and people are being converted. came to the question as to whether I The conversion of a school girl who was had returned all glory to my Lord, 1 to become one of the wives of the Chief utterly failed and broke down and wept. led to a great disturbance. The Chief Now I have made my confession and I wanted to throw out the school and the pledge you and my Lord, that for this teachers. But more sober counsel prenew year I will work to remove these vailed and there is peace again, although three zeros from my record.' " I hear that the girl is not yet back in school. The head-wife of Mphungu- AFRICA he has a lot of them, six or eight-has professed conversion and can have a great Making Headway in African Tribes if)lluence over all his people.

I N Africa, under the British rule, it News from Khartum is left to the chief to decide whether he will have mission schools or not. In I N the heart of Africa lies the Anglosome instances it takes years of friendly Egyptian Sudan, a vast area, which, overtures on the part of the missionaries in its agricultural possibilities, may be before the chief's consent is obtained. In compared to the Mississippi Valley, to other cases the chief is fairly eager, and it llesopotamia or to Australia. On acis simply a question of finding a suitable count of its strategic location and the teaching force. Rev. C. C. Fuller, of fertility of its soil, it is estimated that Mt. Silinda in Rhodesia, writes: the population of the Sudan will prob- ably quadruple in the next fifty years "We are overwhelmed with the open· under the just and stable British governings for new work. Chiomo, one of the ment. principal chiefs to the southeast, has asked for a school to be opened in his The capital of the Sudan is Khartum, territory on this side of the border, al- a modem city of 20,000 inhabitants. A though most of his people are in Portu- medical school is to be erected in Kharguese territory. There is more than one tum as a memorial to Lord Kitchener, opening across the Sabi, but I fear that and toward this memorial the son of the nothing will be done until we have more Mahdi of the Sudan has contributed men in the field. Everything is ready for nearly ~P400-a dramatic instance of Suthe school at Chipinga and it will be danese loyalty during the present war. opened next month, we trust. It is a long fight to get into Mutema's. I am A few months ago was reported the confident that we shall succeed this year. baptism of the first pagan converts on Nearly all of Mutema's people want us the Upper Nile. Now word has come to open a school there at once and our of the baptism in the cathedral at Kharmen are ready to go. Mutema has more tum of the first convert from Mohamboys and girls away at school than any medanism in connection with the C. M. other chief of whom I know. His people S. Mission in the Northern Sudan. This convert is an orphan girl, twenty-one years of age, who had been put in the

J9 17] NEWS FROM MANy

care of the missIOnaries some years be- the needed drugs arrive. This is just one fore when her mother died in the civil of the heartaches the missionaries suffer hospital and her father deserted her. in these troubled times.-The Conti- Sunday-schools in the Sudan nent.

R T EV. STEP HEN TROWBRIDGE Progress in West Africa has recently completed a two HE Southern Presbyterian Church months' tour through the Sudan, and, reports that the work of its African as a result of this trip, has outlined mission has been carried on under many plans for the work of Rev. Ibrahim difficulties and embarrassments. Trans- Girgis, who has been chosen by the portation facilities have been greatly in- World's Sunday School Association as terfered with by war conditions, and Secretary for the Sudan. Mr. Girgis is the missionaries have been subjected to a native of the village of Meir in the vexatious delays in receiving their sup- Assiut Province, his father being the plies. At one time they were entirely first person in that village to unite with out of medicine and might have suffered the evangelical church. seriously if one of the state hospitals had The Biadia church, of which Mr. not come to their relief.

Girgis has been pastor for twenty years, The native church has experienced now has an organized Sunday-school of much persecution at the hands of Roman three hundred members. Most of the Catholic priests and their followers, the members are preachers of God's Word. opposition from this quarter having been Even some of the young boys go out more bitter and more annoying than in in the streets and nearby villages to tell any preceding year.

the good tiding of Christ. Notwithstanding these difficulties the The plans as outlined by Mr. Trow- work of the mission has had most ex- bridge, include the grading and organ- traordinary success. The total number ization of the Sunday-schools now in ex- of . ad~itions by baptism was 2,672, istence in the Sudan; inspirational meet- which IS 785 more than the largest num- ings and training courses for teachers, ber received in any previous year, and chiefly in Khartum; pioneer work in 1,468 more than the number received towns where no church or school is yet last year.

established, remaining if necessary two Much emphasis is being placed upon or three months in one place in order the matter of self-support, and to this to get the work started; production of end the practice of the tithe has been in- literature in Sudanese Arabic, and the sisted on and has been adopted by a writing of one or more original Sunday- large proportion of the church members school text-books in simple classical and by practically all of the church of- Arabic. ficials.-Christian Observer.

Shortage of Medicines ISLANDS OF THE SEA "WILL the next steamer bring the oSilliman Institute, Philippines necessary medicines ?" is the ~E of the biggest character build- mg forces in the Philippine Isdaily question in Africa these days. Dr. lands is Silliman Institute, which was H. L. Weber, writing from Efulen sta- founded in 1901 at Dumaguete, Oriention, tells of a 14-year-old boy who tal N egros, for the express purpose of brought his sick mother to the hospital. educating Christian young men. The She was very ill, and they had walked school was opened in the basement of 100 miles to reach the medical aid she one of the present buildings with an enneeded. But there was no medicine, and rolment of fifteen. Last year the openthe missionary was forced to turn them ing enrolment reached the mark of 832. away. The boy broke down and cried, The classes range from the third grade for the mother will probably die before

to two years beyond high school. The with gardening tools. More schools are graduates receive the degree of A.B. needed, but at the present time we are and can enter the University of the not in touch with capable teachers. The Philippines without entrance examina- pupils in our schools among the wild tions. tribes show greater ability than the pu- The industrial department, where a pils that we saw take part in Govern- limited number of boys from poor homes ment school exhibitions, who were more are allowed to work their way through largely selected from the Visayan Fili- school, turns out all kinds of furniture pinos. There is reason then to be and smaller articles for sale. The shop pleased with this work."

is open from 1 to 5 o'clock on week NORTH AMERICA days and from early morning till noon on Saturdays. In the printing office, Rousing a Community also run by students, the 1917 class annual was printed this year. The school REV. C. P. MEEK.ER, of the Exa few years ago widened its portals and tension Department of Moody Intook in young women also, and some have already graduated. But with them stitute, Chicago, recently· conducted an and with the Chinese students the pres- inte.res~ing series of meetings at Niles, ent buildings are outgrown, and a cam- OhIO, lfi a section where only one church paign is being waged to raise $100,000 edifice was standin,.;. Welsh services formfor enlarged quarters. A $15,000 erly had been conducted in this building, science building has just been finished, but had been abandoned for years. When but other class rooms and dormitories Mr. Meeker and his singer arrived, they found that no preparation had been made are badly needed. for the meetings. They had to have the furnace of the old church repaired, the Wild Tribes at School carpet mended, and the broken window panes replaced. Then they sought to R EV. JULIUS S. AUGUR, who reach the people by a house-to-house can- went out under the American vass and by advertising. Much time was Board to Davao, Mindanao, about a spent in earnest prayer. The audiences year ago, writes of the schools which at first were very small, but grew stead- the mission is conducting among the ily, so that before the dose of the meet- wild tribes of that important Philippine ings, the church was packed and interest island: at white heat.

"Back in the hills among the Kala- There were about eighty professed gans, we have a school.with an enrol- conversions, and at the end of four ment of about sixty-five. And among weeks, a new church organization was the Bogobos we have two schools, one formed with a Sunday-school of ninety- with about forty students, and the other three. This enrollment has been in- about sixty-five. These schools are doing creased to 125. The church now has an a good piece of work in their several attendance of about seventy at its prayer communities. But it has been a diffi- meeting and 150 or more at the Sunday cult task to convince these children of evening services. This illustrates what the hills of the advantages of schooling, can be done in neglected communities and with no truant officer, such as we where the old time Gospel is preached in have in enlightened America, the attend- the old time power.

T ance is likely to be irregular. Presbyteria~ Board Statistics However, we are making a bid for the older boys by laying more stress on HE splendid activities of the Board industrial work. And instead of having of Foreign Missions of the Pres- only one school making chairs out of byterian Church in the U. S. A. for the rattan, we have now provided three year ending March 31, 1917, may be schools with this equipment, and also summarized as follows: The 1,353

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American missIOnaries of the Presby- hav~ colleges,. but that they may be terian Church have been at work in eqUipped to tram the 1,000 new missiontwenty-seven missions, carrying on th~ aries for home and foreign fields, and supremely the latter. work from 170 principal stations, and aided by 6,242 native helpers of all Missionary Fellowships grades, from teachers to ordained preachers. The communicant membership of IN, order to fo~a~d thq cause of misthe Presbyterian Church on the mission sIOns three' MISSIOnary Fellowships, field numbers 161,470. Sunday school membership is 238,094. In the 2,063 each yielding $500 annually, have been 'Schools of all grades, from the kinder- established by Union Theological Semigarten to the college, 74,420 pupils re- nary. They are intended for missionceive instruction. The 118 physicians aries on furlough and for exceptionally (men and women) last year treated qualified natives of mission lands who 753,971 patients in the 176 hospitals and have been engaged in responsible posidispensaries, and the output of the ten tions of Christian service. mission presses was 32,704,182 pages. The receipts of the Board for the year The aim of these fellowships is (a) t? promote advanced missionary preparaamounted to $2,525,369.03. This was tIOn, and (b) to encourage productive missionary scholarship. Applicants, theremore than the original appropriations at fore, should be individuals of special the beginning of the fiscal year, April 1, purpose or, promise, who have already 1916, called for, but the exigencies of completed a course of th.eological study the war and the consequent high price and have engaged in actual service ill of silver throughout the world entailed missionary countries. In making appointlarge additional and unforeseen expendi- ments to these fellowships, preference tures, so that a call was issued for $245 – will be given to those applicants who 000 for a War Emergency Fund, and a wish to use such opportunities in the similar fund will be necessary this com- solution of some particular problem, such ing year above the regular appropria- as the theory, science, practice or history of missions. tions.-Christian Wark.

Men and Millions Movement Italian Pl'esbyterians O RGANICALLY, the Men and AT the beginning of 1916 the Pres. Millions Movement of the Chris· byterian church in the United tian Church grew out of the Million States had 103 churches and missions Dollar Campaign of the Foreign Chris- using the Italian language with 4,800 tian Missionary Society. Practically, members and more than 8,000 enrolled foreign missions is the paramount issue in its Italian Sunday-schools. Last year in every effort and every feature of the Movement. Only a sixth of the $6,- over 1, too Italians were received into 300,000 fund goes directly into the foreign service, and possibly not more than these churches on profession of faith, half of the 1,000 new workers will be Sixty Italian-speaking pastors are emengaged abroad, and yet the primacy of ployed, 23 lay workers, 32 visitors and world-wide evangelization is frankly and over 350 American volunteers. At least fully set forth in every meeting, and in $100,000 is annually contributed by the every conversation that is held in the Presbyterian church in the United interest of the Movement. States for this work of evangelization among Italians, over and above the President Burnham and Secretary amounts which Italian Presbyterians Lewis plead for an adequate Christian- the m s e 1 ves contribute. Forty-two ization of America, "Not for America's churches report English classes for Italisake alone, but for the world's sake." an men and twenty for Italian women. The colleges are granted $3,500,000, On the iron ranges of Minnesota, where not merely that the denomination may there is a population of nearly 10,000 I talians, the Presbyterian churches em-

ploy a staff of five parish workers among ings received from their childhood are of divin~ origin, and gladly listen to gospel Italians beside the regular pastors.

teachmgs when approached in the right Waste Paper for Missions manner. Between 200 and 300 have pRESIDENT WILSON'S statement accepted the truth, on profession of their that "this is the time for America faith, within the last few years; but their illiteracy is a great obstacle to progress. to correct her unpardonable fault of Personal intercourse must be prudent, wastefulness and extravagance" has met wise and frequent, in order that their with early response, among other, from minds may grasp the truth." the Presbyterian Assembly's Board of Home Missions, which proposes to save The Chicago Hebrew Mission T waste paper. The plan is for the chil- HE Chicago Hebrew Mission held dren of Sunday schools to save the current papers and magazines that come to services of dedication of its new their homes and at an appointed time headquarters at 1505 South Sawyer bring them to the church. When a suf- Avenue on the afternoon of June twen- ficient quantity has been gathered in ty-seventh, and in the evening of the this manner, they are to be sold. This same day dedicated its new branch at process is to be repeated until a given 1311 South Kedzie Avenue.

T sum has been realized, when it will be International Missionary Union forwarded to the treasurer of the board for the support of its work. If a HE thirty-fourth annual meeting of school desires, it may select some special the International Missionary Union mission field to which its funds will be was held at Clifton Springs from May applied. The plan is not new, but with 29th to June 4th, inclusive. The Union, paper selling at its present price, it be- whose membership is limited to those comes a very easy and effective way of who are, and those who have been, for- raising money. The Sunday schools may eign missionaries, was founded by the very properly co-operate in work of this late Rev. Dr. Gracey, one of the edi- sort. It will stimulate interest in Home tors of the REVIEW. There are now Mission effort, and teach thrift and over two thousand living members all economy. A unique card describing the over the world, literally among every plan may be had by addressing the Pres- nation under heaven. The attendance is byterian Board of Home Missions, at much affected by world-wide events, and 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. this year was smaller than usual, seven- Among the French in Louisiana ty in all, of whom one-half are still ac- tive in the foreign field. At the annual R EV. M. R. PARADIS writes in the memorial service for members, who, dur- Missionary Survey: ing the year, have entered into the joy "There is a crying need for the dis- of their Lord, mention was made of semination of Bible truths among the twenty-seven members whose aggregate French people of Louisiana, for outside terms of service in the foreign field of a few of its doctrines taught by their summed up nearly eight hundred years teachers, the Bible is unknown to them of active service. Besides the addresses except as a 'dangerous book.' Traditions which many of the members present are the source of the larger portion of made upon various aspects of their work, the doctrines taught the people. Nine many practical questions relating to mis- times out of ten, saints are addressed as sionary life in foreign lands, furloughs, mediators, and the 'Great Mediator be- education of children. use of specials, tween God and men,' the man Jesus and the like. were discussed, and the Christ, is almost lost sight of by the mass "findings" of the meeting sent to the an- of the people in their prayers. Many nual meeting of the Foreign Secretaries of them, therefore, are beginning to have at Garden City, Long Island.-Southern doubts as to whether some of the teach- Churchman.

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Southern Presbyterian Missions A decent national treatment of the red REV. RUSSELL CECIL, D.D., of man, together with wise education and the Southern Presbyterian Church, the beneficient influence of Christian missions, are rapidly transforming the writes in the Christian Observer: Indians from a problem to a pride.- "The report of our Executive Com- C. E. World.

mittee of .Foreign Missions is unusually encouraging. While there has been an I Canadian Church Growing T unavoidable increase in the deficit, it has HE war has powerfully effected the not been the resul t of a lack of interest work of the churches, as it has or a want of generosity on the part of our people, but is due to the present every other form of activity in Canada.

disturbed conditions of the world on ac- Almost 500,000 of the best young men count of the war. The growth in mem- are in the Canadian expeditionary force bership has reached 5,256, much larger for overseas service. Enormous 5ums than ever reported before from the for- have been raised cheerfully and heartily eign field for a single year. Our Church for Red Cross and various forms of pa- now has a membership abroad of 38,169. triotic work. The immense increases in The pupils in day schools have increased the cost of living have diminished the fifty per cent., and in the Sunday-schools giving power, especially of those who are sixty-six per cent. The total contribu- on fixed incomes. The theological col- tions have reached the splendid sum of leges are almost emptied of students $570,856; and the resources on the for- through enlistments. But, notwithstand- eign field have amounted to $122,332. ing, the Canadian Presbyterian Church We now have 375 missionaries in the has had a great year. The reflex action field, and 205 native candidates for the of the tragedy of the war has led to ministry. larger zeal in the work of the Master.

The Church should, therefore, thank There has been advance in the number God and take courage. Let us not con- of communicants. A crippling debt of sent to consider, even for a moment, a $150,000 on the missionary and other policy of restriction in this work of schemes of the church has been almost world evangelization. It is a time to entirely removed, and in spite of the fact push forward with renewed vigor and that no less than 270 of the missionary energy, and we must determine to make students are at the front, the home mis- the sacrifices that may be necessary." sion work proceeds with increasing vigor.

The Progressive Indian Their place for the past two seasons has been taken by a corresponding number of DURING the past four yea~·s:I""t"h[e~ students from American seminaries. Twenty foreign missionaries are in serv- number of Indians that have ice with the overseas forces, fourteen of adopted the white man's costume has them on the urgent appeal of the British risen from 160,000 to 190,000. legation at Peking, having gone to of- ficer a Chinese contingent sent to Fr;mce Thm;e four years have seen an ad- for labor purposes. Some ministers are vance of Indian literacy from 55,000 chaplains and a number have rendered that could read and write English to valiant service in the fighting forces.- 75,000. The latter is about thirty per The Continent. cent. of the whole Indian population.

Most important of all, the four vears have brought an increase of forty per LATIN AMERICA cent. in Indian church-attendance. Besides, in two years the number of deaths Educating the Porto Ricans of Indian babies has decreased one-half. BISHOP LEETE, of the Methodis~ Along with these other enccmraging fig- Episcopal Church, reports as a re- ures has come a large increase in the sult of his visit to Porto Rico: number of Indian farmers. "More than sixty per cent. of Porto

Ricans are illiterate. Before American I.,,e the same privilege. Conditions are occupation the whole school enrollment cnanging so greatly tnat those whom we in the island was 22,000. At the present never nopeo to reach have crossed the time 170,000 pupils, a handsome in- line of prejudice and suspicion and are crease, considering the poverty of the knocking for entrance to these schools." people, regularly attend the very good schools which our government has fos- The New Mexico tered. Visits to these schools and to the departments of the University of Porto R EV. S. G. INMAN, Executive Sec- Rico at Rio Piedras 'and Mayaguez retary of the Committee on Co-opproved interesting and reassuring. Both eration in Latin America, who has been Spanish and English are taught, the lat- making an extended tour in the counter sometimes, it is true, with an accent tries to the south of us, writes: which is a fairly complete disguise. Natives are found, however, whose English "One notices immediately on getting is admirable. Every school has the to Mexico these days that the country United States flag and the salute to the is in the hands of a very different class flag. At Rio Piedras the art and domes- of people from t(lOse who ruled it in the tic science work and at Mayaguez the old days. The intelectuales are no agricultural and mechanical instruction longer in evidence. The common people and attainments were especially impres- are having their day. Will this last? sive. American educators met in the Quien saber What will probably hapisland are remarkably alert, progressive pen is that the best of these intelectuales and enthusiastic." will become more democratic, and in the years to come there will develop a com- Low Ideals in Cuba bination of these elements that will make the best and most efficient public servants "1 N aims and ideals we find very low that Mexico has ever known. This will standards among the~e neighbors of take time. I only hope that the people ours," writes an American missionary in of the United States realize the necessity Cuba. "The desire that I hear expressed of this time element, of giving the Carmost often is that they may have luck in ranza government strong backing in the national lottery and win thousands dealing with the tremendously difficult of dollars which may be spent at once in and multitudinous problems confronting having a good time. So low are the it. Sympathetic understanding on our ideals concerning education that the pub- part will encourage our friends in their lic schools provide nothing above the long period of reconstruction, which will fourth or fifth grade. .As a rule the be as trying for them no doubt as were teachers of these schools are lacking not our days following the Civil War. only in education but in high moral Meantime it will help wonderfully to standard. challenge every sensational report about Ivlexico seen in the newspapers." "It is appalling to see the attitude of Mexicans As Miners in the North indifference and the ignorance on the part of many in regard to anything per- JUST before returning to Mexico, Dr. taining to religion in the true sense of John W. Butler, always concerned the word. The greater number of the for the welfare of the people with whom people have not yet been reached by the he has spent the last forty years, wrote mission school, the Sunday-school, or to The Christian Advocate to call atten- any of the various missionary agencies. tion to the opportunity for foreign mis- Quite a different story must be told of sionary work brought to our doors by those who have. the migration of large numbers of Mexi. can laborers into the mining sections of "When an older son or daughter has been educated in one of the mission Pennsylvania and other states. It is un- schools, there is always the desire that brothers and sisters and friends shall derstood that the thousand Mexican

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miners already in the north have stood lowed by a weekly illustrated paper in well the rigors of the past winter and Buenos Ayres, which has published a given satisfaction to their employers. He paragraph each week about the teachings says: "The Mexican is a good miner. of Christ, and which, in response to in- Improved conditions and better wages quiries as to the source of the quotations, will keep him in Pennsylvania and bring inserted a paragraph recommending its a stream of others after him. Will not readers to procure the New Testament, our pastors and other Christian workers and to write to the Bible Society's depot take an interest in these people? They in Buenos Ayres enclosing the price of a are approachable and, when treated in copy in stamps. The result was that a kindly way, are easily led. Those of the British and Foreign Bible Society's the Mexicans who remain in Pennsyl- agent within a few days received 160 let- vania will make better citizens if evan- ters asking for New Testaments and en- gelized. Those who return to their na- closing stamps.

tive land with a heart knowledge of the One of these letters was signed by Gospel will make the best kind of mis- seven prisoners in a jail, who enclosed sionaries. It is a God-given opportu- stamps for New Testaments! Subse- nity." quently one of these prisoners wrote: A Prison in Panama "I am very grateful to the Bible So- ciety for having given me the light in O NE of the good things which the this prison, where there seemed to be United States needs to take to nothing but darkness. These divine pre- Panama are modern ideas of prison re- cepts have acted on my soul with savinr, form, judging by reports which come of power."

conditions in Chiriqui prison. Immigrants in South America The greater part of the prisoners in I N Uruguay and Brazil, as well as in Chiriqui have not even been tried. One Argentina, the Italians lead in the recent visitor reports 210 untried prison- number of immigrants, with Spaniards ers in confinement to 80 who have been and Portuguese following as seconds. convicted. The great trend of immigration from Europe has been, so far, to these countries. I t is nothing for a man to have to and the immigrants who have a religion wait months for trial, even though ar- at all are mostly Roman Catholics. But rested for a slight offense. In one case the Argentina year-book records 19.800 a man was held twentv-five months for Mohammedan Turks. One-half its Syritrial and then sentenced to one month's an population is also reckoned as Moimprisonment. He got no redress for hammedan. There are two mosques in the additional twenty-four months he the Brazilian city of Sao Paulo, and had spent. Arabic papers are published there and in Argentina. Into the rice fields of Brazil And while they wait they must work, Japanese colonization societies are pourwithout pay, for the Panama govern- ing immigrants by thousands and we may ment. Under overseers armed with bull- well remember that Count Okuma rechide whips and unlimited orders to shoot ommended the coasts of Chile, Mexico if a prisoner tries to escape, they build and Peru as a field of influence for roads in the hot sun. Japan, and an asylum for the excess of her population. Peru has a large and For the ordinary prisoner the food is pro~perous Chinese and Japanese elebad and the sanitation beyond words. ment; the Chinese are rapidly becoming Those who can afford it may have food the merchants of Panama; and in J abrought in from outside and are lodged in upper TOoms. Thev are also excused from work.-World Outlook.

Newspaper Evangelism in Jail maica, after two hundred years of Eng- lish control, eighty per cent. of the stores REFERENCE has already been made are operated by Chinese. According to in the RF:V~EW to the practice fgl- a report there were in 1913 in Briti;;h

Guiana one hundred and thirty thousand New York. In 1887 he was appointed East Indians and the number was said to by President Cleve1and a member of the be rapidly increasing. United States Board of Indian Commis- sioners. In 1897 he was select preacher The Gospel As a Weapon at the University of Cambridge.

REV T. J. BACH, of Maracaibo, Dr. George Brown of Australasia Venezuela, tells of an exciting ex- R EV. GEORGE BROWN, D.O., perience which he had on a recent trip: who died at his home at Gordon, N. S. Wales, on April 13, 1917, in his "One day as I was climbing a high eighty-second year, had been associated mountain I was overtaken by another with Christian missions in the Pacific traveler, who suddenly asked me: 'Have for more than half a century. He en· you a revolver?' Somewhat astonished, tered the Methodist ministry in 1860 I answered, 'No,' but added that I had and was appointed to Samoa. After something more efficient, and I showed fourteen years he returned to Australia, him my pocket Bible. At the summit of and in 1875 opened a new mission in the mountain we dismounted, and I New Britain, being the first Christian asked my companion to join me in a missionary to land in that group. In slight repast. Just as we were ready to 1887 he was appointed General Secreresume our journey, he pulled out a huge tary of the Methodist Missionary Sorevolver and began examining it. While ciety of Australasia, which position he I was wondering what his intentions held for twenty-one years. During that were, he abruptly broke the silence with period he led pioneer mission parties to the question: 'Have you any American Papua and the Solomon Islands. On his retirement from active work he was gold ?' Lifting my heart in prayer to appointed Honorary Secretary of the Methodist Missionarv Society. In 1913 God, I answered: 'No; but I have that he was elected President of the General which is better.' I handed him a Gospel Conference of the Methodist Church of according to St. Luke and continued: Australasia. 'Read this and you will find a treasure of greater value than gold.' Accepting it, Mrs. Yamamuro of Japan he returned his revolver to his belt, shook hands with me, and departed. Had I T HE wife of Colonel Yamamuro, the had American gold instead of a divine leader of the Salvation Armv in Gospel, that might have been my last Japan, died recently. She was a coilege trip." woman of rare ability and sweetness, mother of a large family and co-director OBITUARY NOTICES with her husband of the activities of the army. Twenty members of parliamt'nt, Bishop Walker forty college professors, leading business men and members of the nobility at- THE Right Rev. William David tended her funeral. Her dying words Walker, D.D., for twenty years were: "True happiness is beside the Cross of Jesus." Her diary, which was Episcopal Bishop of Western New York, read after her decease, recorded her dedied suddenly on May second at his termination not to make herself a new home in Buffalo, in the seventy-ninth garment till she was fifty years old, so year of his age. Bishop Walker held that she could give her utmost to the several degrees from British as well as William Booth Memorial Tuberculosis American institutions. From the be- Sanatorium which was opened recently ginning of his ministry until his conse- near Tokyo, cration as Missionary Bishop of North Dakota in 1883 he served as vicar of Calvary Chapel, New York. After a missionary episcopate in North· Dakota in the years from 1883 till 1896, Bishop Walker W3$ transferred to Western The Missionary's Preparation May Be Improved By Study at Home .

High grade correspondence courses, at only $5.00 each, Homilities, Systematic Theology, Christian Worker's Course, and four other courses, offered by The Chicago Evangelistic Institute 1754 Washington Blvd., Chicago, III.

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Personals

DR. J. c. R. EWING has just returned from India on furlough. Thirty-seven years ago Dr. Ewing went to India as a missionary and for the past twenty years has been President of the Forman Christian College in Lahore. As Vice-Chancellor of the Punjab University he has the oversight of many of the colleges grouped under this university-a striking fact that a Christian missionary should be chosen to over- see institutions which are Mohammedan and Hindu, governmental and Christian.

DR. JOHN A. MARQUIS, former moderator of the Presbyterian General As- sembly, was unanimously selected as general secretary of the Board of Home Mis- sions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. He has not yet signified his acceptance of this office.

MR. GEORGE W. COLEMAN, of Boston, Director of the Ford Hall Forum, has been elected President of the Northern Baptist Convention.

REV. IBRAHIM GIRGIS, whose father was the first member of the evangelical church in the village of Meir, Assiut Province, Egypt, has been chosen by the World's Sunday-school Association as Secretary for the Sudan. Mr. Girgis is at present in Cairo doing some preparatory work under the direction of REV. STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE.

REv. S. TAJIMA, of Tokyo, Japan, REV. HARRISON K. WRIGHT, of Ningpo, China, and REV. WM. C. KERR, of Korea, have been appointed to the three Missionary Fellowships offered by Union Seminary, New York.

RAMAIlAI, the famous founder of the Christian home for widows at liukti, Bombay Presidency, India, has been constrained to write a Marathi cook book, with simple recipes for every day use. The interesting thing about it is that on the back of each recipe is a Gospel message. Already as a result of reading these spiritual recipes in looking for domestic guidance, a Brahmin woman has confessed Christ, also a Brahmin man.

BARON SAKATANI, a leading merchant of Japan, visiting America, said in Philadelphia that the great war was caused by civilization putting too much weight upon the material and forgetting the spiritual.

ROBERT FETLER, younger brother of Pastor William Fetler, who was an exile from Russia and under orders to remain in Irkutsk, Siberia, until the end of the war, has now been allowed to return to Petrograd. He says that everywhere in Siberia people are longing for the Word of God and are filled with a desire to follow its teaching.

SHAPIRO, the Swedish Jewish missionary, has been a prisoner of war in Siberia for nine months. He reports many wonderful opportunities for reaching his fellowprisoners and soldiers with the Gospel.

REV. FAEMIO MATSUNAGA has recently been called to minister to the Japanese mission of the Reformed Church in N ew York City.

BISHOP WELCH, who succeeded Bishop Harris in the Methodist Mission in Korea, was given a dinner by the Japanese Governor of Chosen, who said in his address that he would be glad to have the Bishop make suggestions in regard to the government in Chosen, and that he would hope to profit by such suggestions. HOW SOME OF THE MOUNTAINEERS DRESS IN LUZON, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS WHERE AMERICANS CARE FOR TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES Health and Ill-health In the Tropics

N I NG

AFTE RN OON NI GHT The Story of Moslem Womanhood Without Christ

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1917

SHERWOOD EDDY AND BISHOP WALSH IN

From a photograph taken during the National Evangelistic Campaign in Southern India

MISSIONARY

EVlEW1fe VOL. APRIL, 1917 NUMBER FOUR XL SIGNS OF THJ8 TIMES MISSIONS AND THE PRESENT CRISIS WHAT effect will the intensification of the war and the dreaded extension of the war areas, if it should be forced upon the world, have upon the work of foreign missions? .

In India the British Government appears to feel that it is necessary to guard with increased care against the possibility of foreign instiga- tion of unrest and sedition. The American missionary societies have been allowed to send out new missionaries, but all missionaries to be sent, old as well as new, have had to be reported to India. with full state- ments, and permission from India, which it requires months to obtain, has had to be secured before they could sail. And now the British Ambas- sador in Washington has notified the American societies that His Maj- esty's Government must hold every missionary body responsible for every-member of its staff in India, and that, should any such member be considered to have acted in a manner hostile to the Government of India as by law established, the Government of India must be considen::d as justified in ordering the expulsion from India of the entire mission involved.

The conditions in Africa, with the exception of German East Africa, appear now to be settled and missionary work is going on with less hindrance than there was reason to dread. Some years before the war a thoughtful British writer drew a picture of the possibility of strife between nominally Christian powers on some great inland African lake and its effect upon the pagan or newly Christianized natives. Africa has seen that very sight and many like it, but the effects have not been as disastrous as had been feared. Men in Africa and everywhere are able to make distinctions, and in Kamerun and elsewhere where war was waged the people are thronging still to the missions and the Church.

The sympathy of Latin America has been almost unanimously with

the Allies in the struggle and is now with the United States in its attitude toward the submarine policy of Germany. Men from North America in Latin America are at present in better favor than for many days. The Mexican difficulties have been so far escaped without war and the United States has been spared the increase of distrust and dislike which such a war would have involved in all Central and South America.

The most injurious effects of the present crisis and its possible sequel would be felt at first, perhaps, in Turkey and Persia. Southwestern Persia has been under Turkish supremacy and there are three centres of American mission work there. This might not be interfered with, as it has not been, except that the Armenians have been pillaged of everything. In one city of Western Persia, we learn from native sources that every bit of property and possessions the Armenians left, even to the woodwork of doors and windows and the trees in their gardens, 'has been destroyed or carried off.

It is uncertain what might result in Turkey if America were forced into the war and became involved with Germany. It might be that Turkey would disappoint those who expect the worst from her and protect both the missionaries and their properties, or it might be that the former would be gathered in places of safety or allowed to leave the country, but that the great institutions which have been built up would be appropriated by the government.

In the main the direct missionary work of the American churches for non-Christian peoples might go on largely uninfluenced by such an outcome of the present strain, as all men hope and pray may be averted. But there are great missionary services for the nations which would be checked or destroyed, such as the relief work in Belgium and Poland and Serbia and Turkey and ministry to prisoners in many great camps. If in some fields our scope 'of helpful action might be increased, in others it would be cut off.

And at home who can foresee what the consequences would be? Would the spirit of sacrifice and of love be awakened or would the passions of conflict fill men's eyes and hearts with blindness and wrath? Would the fountains of giving for missions dry up or be enlarged? Would men pray more or less? Would their sympathies broaden to humanity or narrow to the nation alone? Such thoughts as we can think on these questions quicken our unceasing prayer, "Good Lord! give peace in our time. Give peace in our time, good Lord."

THE ·VAR AND RELIEF IN TURKEY T HE severance of diplomatic relations between the United States of America and Germany is an event of such grave importance that even the most intelligent prophet cannot foretell the results. Whatever may be thought of the provocation and the necessity for the step, every Christian will unite in the hope and prayer that the effect

OF THE

may not be the discontinuance of war relief in Europe and Asia, the interruption of American hospital and prison camp ministries in the warring nations or the further destruction of missionary work in Turkey.

As the only great Protestant country not engaged in the war, America has held a unique position of opportunity. While not accepted to the full, this privileged position of service has enabled America to send hundreds of doctors, Red Cross nurses, relief workers, prison camp organizers and Christian missionaries, with millions of Scriptures and over forty millions of dollars, for relief work in the war zone.

The most anxiety is naturally felt for the American missionaries in Turkey. In spite of the friendly relations maintained between the United States and the Ottoman Government thus far, the mission buildings have largely been confiscated or destroyed and all but 100 missionaries have been obliged to leave the country. A member of the Syrian and Armenian Relief Committee says: "War between America and Germany would probably not stop our relief work. It would have no effect on the work in Russia, Persia and Egypt and our forces are so well organized in Turkey, with many German, Swiss and Danish distributors, that the work could go on even if the missionaries should withdraw or be expelled. Recent reports, however, from Constantinople show that Turkish officials are increasingly friendly with Americans and America. Turkey is face to face with a tremendous economic crisis unless the war breaks soon, and the people need all the relief that can be given them."

The Standard Oil Company, which for a time was used to transmit funds to Turkey, has now withdrawn from that country, but it is not anticipated that this will seriously interfere with the transmission of tunds for relief. Ambassador Elkus recently wired that Djemal Pasha had telegraphed permission for the foodship Cesar to proceed to Beirut and unload her cargo to be distributed by the Red Cross Chapter at that port. Djemal Pasha asked for another shipload of supplies to be sent to Jaffa for the destitute people of Palestine. He also agreed that the U. S. S. Des ]'loines might go to Beirut for passengers. It is outside influence which brings the chief element of danger into the situation and makes uncertain the safe conduct for the relief ships. The advance of the British forces south of Jerusalem may be one reason why the relief ships have not been allowed to proceed to Syria. There is hope that the situation may soon be cleared and that the work of Christian relief will not longer be prevented.

THE STORM-CENTER IN BULGARIA THE entrance of Bulgaria into the war on the side of the Central Powers has been in spite of the fact that the people are said to be largely in sympathy with the Entente. The Bulgarian is a Slav like the Russian, and .the Russian has the credit for freeing the Bul-

garian from the Turkish yoke. The British, and especially Gladstone, have been highly honored in Bulgaria. A correspondent writes that a week before the mobilization of Bulgaria on the side of the Central Powers, fiv.e leaders of the various political parties counseled the King that the course he was bent upon would ruin the nation and his own dynasty. The King, however, carried out his plan by appealing to the cherished ideals of the people: the liberation of the Bulgarians in Macedonia. For this they fought the war with Turkey and the war with Greece, Servia and Roumania. They lost finally, in spite of the fact that the treaty of London said they could have their ideal. The Central Powers promised to secure the treaty rights if the nation would join with the Central Powers. The entrance of Bulgaria into the conflict saved Turkey for the time being, at least, and compelled the failure of the Gallipoli campaign.

The whole concern of Bulgaria at present is to redeem Macedonian Bulgaria. Her interests in the world war seem vital to her only as they are related to this matter.

Dr. E. E. Count, superintendent of Methodist Missions in Bulgaria, writes: "I was frequently told in Bulgaria recently that should the Central Powers go to Wllr 'with America, under no circumstances could Bulgaria be induced to take sides in that issue. She wants no trouble with America."

In none of the other wars has mission work in Bulgaria been so much interfered with as in the present one. It is being carried on, but under great difficulties. Almost all the male members of the churches have been drafted into service and only the very old and the invalids are exempt. The fact also that all ordained pastors and even unordained ones under twenty-seven years of age have been freed froni military service, reveals how favorable the present government is towards the evangelical movement. There is but one of the Bulgarian pastors serving in the army.

The food problem in Bulgaria is a serious one and threatens to be more serious still. Bread tickets, sugar tickets, rice tickets and tickets of various other kinds are issued to the people. Prices are becoming higher and higher. The government has been trying to prevent this by fixing the prices of various articles. But in certain instances the matter seems to be beyond control. Sugar has, for instance, gone up from 18 cents to 80 cents a pound and cloth from $1.20 to $8.80 a yard.

Travel is very difficult. Dr. Count sent a petition to visit the churches in the mission field, and when an answer came thirty-five per cent of the towns were cut off the list. He says: "The war with Roumania also affects the Bulgarian missions. When the towns along the Danube River were bombarded by the Rqumanians the pastors, their families, and families in Protestant churches fled with the others while bursting shells were dropping over the city. The religious communities were broken up and the church membership was

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

scattered so that services were suspended. It was not until the Bulgarian troops were able to cross the river in pursuit of the enemy that our people were permitted to return to their homes. We have churches in most of the cities. The Protestant pastors of the Roumanian towns rendered great service to the troops and to the families suffering from the results of the war, but the regular evangelistic work was greatly interrupted. "

The outcome of the war will mean much to Bulgaria, for she realizes that she stands at the bar of Christian judgment as to her motives, her purposes and ideals.

THE PEACE MOVEMENT IN JAPAN WHAT a tremendous change has come over the nation which sixty years ago excluded all foreigners and knew no power but the sword to enforce national rights! The work of Christian missionaries has had a large part in the change, one of the effects of which is seen in the formation of the Japan Peace Society, founded in May, I906. It grew out of a conference of thirty-five representative Christian workers, including six or seven missionaries, who met to consider the question of forming an "arbitration and peace rociety suited to the present needs of Japan."

Instead of an appeal to force, the Society stands on a platform of educational effort, appeal to government officials, and co-operation with similar national and international organizations.

From the Christian point of view the peace work of Kanzo Uchimura, an independent Christian writer and teacher, is also worthy of recognition. He was strongly influenced by friends from his first contact with them in Philadelphia years ago.

There has been much anxiety and searching of heart as to the bearing of the present war upon the future spiritual welfare of mankind. While some Japanese refer to it as the failure of Christianity, there is a general recognition of the fact that if Christ had really been the Master of the Great Powers, the war would not have occurred.

"0JAPANESE WOMEN EMERGING FROM BONDAGE F all the signs of progress in present-day Japan, none is more startling than the rise of woman," says an editorial in the Japan Advertiser of July 28th. "After centuries of inferiority in a country that until the last few years has always subordinated the position of woman, self-realization among the Japanese fair sex, the dream of ages, is becoming a fact among the more advanced. As yet there are no suffragettes in the land of Nippon, nor cries of 'votes for women'; but there are many movements which show that the time has arrived for an improvement in the position of. woman..

"Instances of revolt from the bondage of Old Japan are not want-

ing among Japanese women. A few weeks ago Miss Tokutomi, the daughter of a member of the House of Peers, joined the Salvation Army. Her father is famous in Japan as a writer, also as editor and proprietor of the Kokumin Shimbun; but his pleadings availed nothing in keeping his daughter from leaving her home and entering active work for Christ.

"Several daughters of well-to-do families have refused to marry by the aid of go-betweens, and have asked their parents to allow them a year's acquaintance to determine whether the young men selected are satisfactory. Recently the daughter of a wealthy government official was matched to a young man whom she flatly refused to marry. She is a member of 'The New Woman,' an association which has as its organ a magazine edited by women and known as the Joo (Queen). Although only twenty yeal's old, she has translated a great part of the works of Ellen Key, and has imbibed her ideas."

TRAINING CHINESE WOMEN LEADERS ·OMEN are destined to take a large place in the development of China. It is therefore important that they be trained as W Christian leaders. There is one Union Bible Teachers' Train- ing School for Women in Nanking in which seven missions are cooperating-the Friends, the Disciples, the American Baptists, the N orthern and Southern Methodists and the Northern and Southern Presbyterians.

The purpose of the school is to take young women volunteers for Christian service and train them for leadership. The courses of study have for their main text-book the Bible. Students entering the lower department must have finished a grammar school or a Bible school course, and also must have had practical experience in teaching of from one to three years, or they must be graduates of a normal, kindergarten or nurses' training school. The students of the higher departments must be graduates of a high school or college.

These young women leaders are proving very effective in reaching their Chinese sisters. The daughter of a Shantung evangelist, for example, has been working with the missionaries of Hwai ¥uen station in connection with the cottage meetings. As many as fifty women will crowd into a little dark room listening to Miss Giao's informal presentation of the Gospel. The great advantage is that these meetings reach all, the very old who are too feeble to walk even a short distance on their tiny feet, those who are too proud to be seen by the multitudes going into the chapel, and the very young women who cannot go on the streets without embarrassment.

Many Chinese women have proved to be unusually brilliant, and are already showing energy and skill in national affairs as well as in domestic and educational circles.

COMMlBN1r

POSSIBLE IMPOSSIBILITIES THESE are days when many are tempted to be discouraged. The failure of human programs of peace, the spread of the war- spirit, the interruption of missionary operations, the selfish eagerness for wealth, the mad rush for pleasure, the intrigue and corruption among legislators-if considered alone-would turn to pessimism even the most stout-hearted optimist.

But one factor is omitted in that view of the situation and the outlook-the greatest factor in the universe-God. Those who realize man's weakness and wickedness have good reason to say that the realization of ideals is impossible; civilization. has broken down j international reconciliation and human brotherhood are an idle dream. Our Lord Jesus Christ said of this and other difficulties: "With men it is impossible, but not with God, for with God all things are possible." He also added a wonderful statement: "All things are possible to him that. believeth. "

There is no limit to the possibilities of God j there is a very serious limit to the possibilities of man; but where man is joined to God by faith, then God's possibilities become man's possibilities. It is not because of anything in us, but it is because of the nature of God, and it is because God is in us, individually, that things become possible, that without Him would be absolutely impossible. Men become God-like when linked by faith to God's power, and the power that is in God comes into them, and things become possible that were impossible before. But when that power is taken away, the Christian can do no more than any other man.

It is harmony with the will of God and believing prayer that brings man into the condition of a charged battery-a man filled with the Spirit of God. This enables him to do the impossible.

The will of God is surely to be carried out in this war or in spite of it. The man who is in touch with God, who is in harmony with Him and is acting in accord with His will, is the man who will not only remain undiscouraged but will accomplish what is, humanly speaking, impossible.

MISSIONS AND RELIEF WORK WHENEVER great disasters like famine, pestilence, massacre or war afHict a country in which Christian missionaries are at work they are usually the first to come forward and devote much of their time and strength to administering relief. In all the notable famines in India in recent years, as well as during sweeping scourges of

plague and cholera in all countries, and amid the horrors of massacres and atrocities Worse than massacre in Persia, Turkey and Macedonia, missionaries have invariably rendered conspicuous service.

At this time, when nearly the entire missionary forces in Persia, the Caucasus, Armenia, Syria, Asia Minor and Macedonia, are devoting themselves to organizing and carrying out extensive systems of relief for the unclothed, the sick, orphan children and the starving, it is fitting that we consider the relation of that work to missions.

Missionaries and missi<;mary administrators are apparently agreed that the inauguration and execution of relief measures is, under such circumstances, the providential and inevitable duty of missionaries. There are many reasons for these conclusions.

The very principles of the religion they proclaim presuppose and demand such a service. Christ Himself taught both by word and example that service is superior to sacrifice. His great heart of pity was moved with compassion as He viewed human suHering. It would be impossible for those who have gone out in His name and as His disciples to steel their hearts and withhold their hands when beset by the appeals of human woe, without appearing to themselves and all others to be denying their Lord.

Often the missionaries are the only ones in the afHicted areas capable of conducting organized relief. In India extensive relief measures have been carried out by the Government, but even there missionary aid has repeatedly been sought and given because of the unusual confidence of the masses in the words and character of the missionaries. However, in many notable instances of widespread disaster, had it not been for the missionaries in the country, no general relief measures could have been carried out.

The people seem naturally to turn to the missionaries whenever in great distress, expecting kindly treatment and substantial help. Their very character and profession, as well as their reputation, assure all that, even if the desired physical aid is not forthcoming, only sympathy and kindly treatment will be met with at the hands of the missionary. Somehow there seems to be a widespread idea that this is what Christianity does.

Missionaries are trusted by those who receive help and by those in Christian lands who give. Their credentials are well known, and, owing to repeated experiences of the last twenty-five years and more, their ability to administer relief funds economically and eHectively has become an accepted fact. Their control of a large educated force of trained native Christian co-workers, widely trusted, adds to their special equipment for the task.

The position of the missionaries in a country filled with human suffeJ;ing, with no power or liberty to attempt to render assistance, would be intolerable. Few, if any, could endure the awful strain of daily witnessing pain that might be alleviated and not be permitted to make

COMMENT

every effort to give help. N a one who has never experienced it can know the saving satisfaction that comes to the Christian in being the medium by which the naked are clothed, the starving are fed and the sick and shelterless receive care. It is this that makes it possible for delicately reared and constituted men and women to dwell for months and even years in the midst of horrors too terrible for words to describe, and yet not only retain their reason, but announce that under no circumstances will they leave their post. These conditions afford the most complete opportunity for effectively expressing the sacrificial love of Jesus Christ.

Relief work therefore becomes a real part of the work of the missionary. He can no more avoid it than the physiciari can flee from the pestilence and expect to retain his standing in his profession. He cannot turn his back upon this form of Christian expression any more than a pastor in Christian lands can refuse to visit the fatherless and the widows in their affliction. Noone can deny to the missionary this form of service and expect him to retain a ·hold u'pon the confidence of the people among whom he lives and to maintain his own spiritual relations with the compassionate Christ.

Relief work in times of great calamities is but new opportunity for revealing the divine side of our holy religion. What the missionaries are doing to-day in Turkey, Persia and the Caucasus by the self-sacrificing service they are rendering to hundreds of thousands of stricken and bleeding refugees, constitutes a glorious chapter in the martyr history of modern missions. And yet we must not confuse giving for missionary work and giving for relief. However large the relief supplies a missionary may administer, that will not provide funds for maintaining evangelistic and educational work. The diversion of funds from direct mis- 'sionary work to relief would be little less than a disaster, while to withhold gifts for relief in the present crisis would be almost a crime.

OVERLOOKED TRENCH WORKERS WITH the exception of Christians especially interested in the operations of tract and Bible societies, most of us know and care too little about one class of missionaries. They are trench workers of another than the militaristic type; they belong to the constructive architectural corps of Kingdom builders. We refer to that noble army of humble colporteurs who are digging the trenches in which others lay foundations on which, in due time, are to be built temples of God.

What this trench warfare is like one sees in the shorter report of the Panama Congress, just published, "Renaissant Latin America." The British and Foreign Bible Society's Peru agent, Mr. Rainey, said this of one of these humble workers: "The colporteur is not simply a book hawker, not simply a commercial agent. If he were, it would not be dishonorable. But he goes as a pioneer evangelist, a scout of

the great militant Church of Christ. . . . Colporteurs cooperate with the missionary. They go to a town and visit every house. They find those who are interested and give a list of names to the nearest pastor. Sometimes they call the people together and preach to them, so that when the pastor comes he finds the church waiting for him to organize. . . . He must work alone a great deal of the time; he must travel the dusty roads in the broiling sun; he must climb the mountains; he must go down the river in boats,. tormented by mosquitoes; he bears the burden and the heat of the day."

William Canton, in reviewing the last report of the society just referred to, under the title, "The Pilgrims and Their Progress," calls colporteurs "the explorers, the pioneers, the knights-errant of one of the great forces of Christianity." What they are he thus succinctly describes: "They are far-scattered in many lands; they differ in blood and speech, in color and garb; but one Christ and one purpose bind them together in a sacred fellowship. Like St. Paul, they pass through the perils of waters, the perils of robbers, perils from their own countrymen, perils in the city, perils in the wilderness."

Then follow in rapid kaleidoscopic fashion, with colors bright and hues that are very somber, allusions to the society's 1,036 colporteurs who "deeds of daring do," "the deeds adoing now" that make Christ Lord and a chief of power. Yi Keun Sik, in Korean wilds, spent with hunger and weariness, eating wild rose leaves, like his master at the Sychar well all "beaten out," still tells a traveler the way of life. An Argentinian colporteur in a ghastly swamp barely escapes drowning, and when he and his horse emerge, the canny beast stops short like Balaam's ass until his master learns that nearby is a hopeless man whose despair is due to the loss of his wife two months before and who, but for the coming of this beast-directed Christian, would have committed suicide. Another is in the heat of South India selling St. John to men who eagerly buy it as the Gospel of the Good Shepherd, a fine thing for "folk who have sheep." Still another imitates Bishop Aldhelm, who was wont to play and sing at bridges over which men must pass, though this time it is a colporteur and Hindus instead of a poet and Anglo-Saxons who are principals in the story.

Such proofs of self-sacrifice and fruitfulness are enlivening. Perhaps it would be a hopeful sign of the times if a number would follow the example of a wealthy friend of ours who has made a study of missionary efficiency and who has left in his will a large sum to be devoted to the support of colporteurs to work as his representatives here below while he serves in Heaven.

OF MR. SHERWOOD EDDY'S MEETINGS IN

A Part of the National Evangelistic Campaign in India A Remarkable Campaign in India BY REV. H. A. POPLEY, ERODE, SOUTH INDIA Convener of the Forward Evangelistic Movement Committee A T first the Evangelistic Movement seemed to many only a new piece of machinery added to an already overcrowded work- shop, which had insufficient workers, but to-day we realize that it is rather a new spirit in the workers and a new method in the work. It is a natural development, and is intimately bound up with all our other missionary activities.

This Movement is not peculiar to India. It is an Asiatic phenomenon, and is part of the re-birth of Asia as seen in the religious, social and economic awakening now taking place throughout the Eastern lands. Korea caught the fire first, but it was a tract published in Pasumalai, South India, which helped to start the Movement there. Japan followed, with a three years ' campaign, largely in the rural centers, with Japanese as the leaders in the work.

Then the revival passed on to China, where it was organized by the China Continuation Committee. Mr. Sherwood Eddy's letters from China concerning the movement aroused great interest in South India. The Methodist Episcopal mass movement and campaign of aggressive evangelism also made a profound impression, particularly in

North India. These things awakened a desire to see the Church in India realize the urgency of the call to take up the task of winning the whole land for Christ.

The South India United Church was the first to organize for the campaign, and in September, 19 14, the executive of the Church ap~ pointed a special committee to prepare the churches to take up this work.

THE PERIOD OF PREPARATION From the beginning the Church was called to a definite objective and not merely to an indefinite preparation. The committee first issued a call to prayer and Bible study. The evangelistic aim was brought before the Church, and the committee planned for a careful and organized preparation and a special evangelistic campaign. The longing for the salvation of souls must be awakened through the work itself, and it is clear that preparation should include active service by church members among both Christians and non-Christians.

Some of the remarkable features of this period of preparation were: Over 4,000 copies of a special Bible-study book on Acts were issued, and two-thirds of the communicant members of the Church were enrolled in weekly Bible classes. Then the visit of Mr. F. N. D. Buchman, of the Pennsylvania State College, led to the training of bands of personal workers in many places. The prayer movement in Madura and J affna took the form of bands of intercessors pledged to pray regularly every day for the awakening of the Church and for the winning of India to Christ. In Arcot it took the form of an early morning prayer bell, which summoned the Christian villagers to pray. Those who could not come to Church knelt down beside the plough or beside the well and joined in prayer.

Then meetings which Dr. Tracy, of the Madura Mission, held for six months through South India, produced a most telling impression among the workers and church members, and helped to create the spirit needed to send the Church forward.

Meetings led by Bepin Chandra Sircar, Y. M. C. A. secretary in Bengal and a convert from a Zemindari family, were also held, principally among non-Christians. He deeply impressed the large Hindu audiences and helped to produce a sympathetic atmosphere for the special evangelistic meetings which followed. At the close of one of his meetings in Erode a young Hindu was heard saying to a friend: "We see how Jesus Christ has made many nations great. He has come to India, too. Some have seen him, but all must see Him if India is to become great."

PERIOD OF INTENSIVE ACTIVITY After about a year of preparation the next period began with the special Week of Evangelism, when over IO,OOO workers (three times the total force of paid workers connected with the missions in the area)

A REMARKABLE CAMPAIGN IN INDIA

gave themselves to this work. They held nearly 10,000 meetings and addressed more than three lakhs of people. As a result, 9,000 inquirers were enrolled and 6,000 men and women definitely promised to follow Christ. This was a wonderful week.

In South Travancore many congregations met every morning for service, and after prayer separated into bands to preach to their friends and neighbors.

In J affna, where there is a strong, independent Christian community, for the first time in their history the churches went out to preach, and in many a village where they had expected only abuse they found friendliness and an eagerness to hear.

In Madras some of the laymen left their homes for the whole week and went out into the villages to preach, entirely at their own expense. The women's meetings in Madras during the week, held in various schools, astonished those who had been working in that city for many years, and who had not expected that so many middle-class women would come to listen to the Gospel.

Following this Week of Evangelism came a series of conventions conducted by Mr. Sherwood Eddy and one or two others for Christian workers throughout South India. These conventions gave a new vision of Christian work, and many who had been living in sin and intemperance and in lazy indifference were lifted to an entirely new level. As a result an Evangelistic Committee, representative of all the churches, was organized in Madras, and a united committee of the three churches, Anglican, Wesleyan and the South India United Church, was organized in Jaffna, with a full-time voluntary secretary.

Then came the city campaigns in Vellore, Madura and Palamcottah, which were a revelation of what self-sacrificing enthusiasm, steady purpose and wise organization could do. In each of these places a carefully organized attempt had been made to get into friendly touch with a number of middle-class Hindus whose names were recorded and assigned to definite workers. In Madura over 200 personal workers, both men and women, were enlisted. Preparatory meetings in each of the cities were conducted by special speakers, and when Mr. Eddy arrived he found in each town an atmosphere of sympathy and expectancy, as well as a trained band of personal workers to undertake the follow-up work.

In each place an attempt was made at the close of the meetings to gather most of those who signed cards into Bible classes, or at least to bring them into touch with the personal workers. In Madura and Palamcottah about half were brought into touch, but unfortunately the plague coming to Vellore upset the work there.

The results of the meetings were remarkable, and for the first· time a large number of the Hindu shopkeepers and professional men came into personal touch with Christian workers, and many of them regularly attended Bible classes. Owing to the short time available

for preparation, the churches were not really ready to seize the opportunity of carrying on the work, and so results have not been garnered in as they might have been.

Meetings were held among women, and in Madura during the three days' campaign over 1,000 women were gathered together, and a great impression was made. It was remarked that it was quite a new thing in Madura and Palamcottah to get Indian ladies of the middle classes to a Christian meeting. Already over forty baptisms among the Madura women are recorded. An interesting feature of the Madura meetings was the arrangements made to entertain the children when their mothers and sisters were at the meetings.

The Bulletins published by the South India United Campaign were scattered throughout India, and news of the work and information about methods adopted found their way into many places. It is evident that throughout the missionary body and among the leaders of the Church in India there is a very strong desire for an evangelistic forward movement and a deep current of purpose toward a more thorough evangelism. A committee has been appointed for Calcutta and Bengal upon a somewhat similar basis to that of Madras, and the Y. M. C. A. has been instrumental in providing an Indian secretary to give his whole time to the work.

The United Presbyterian Church of North and Central India heard from K. T. Paul of the evangelistic movement in South India, and unanimously decided to initiate a similar movement among its churches. The old method of giving a subscription to support a catechist to do the work of evangelism somewhere else is no longer regarded as the best method or the only method of winning India to Christ.

The next events of importance in this period of special activity were the conventions in the Syrian churches. These conventions were remarkable for three things: First, their united basis; second, the follow-up work; and third, the personal work among a large number of young Syrian Christians.

The Syrian churches are ancient lights in a dark land, set here at least 1,600 years ago. Persecution has decimated them. Strife and division have torn them asunder. Apathy and self-satisfaction had robbed them of the power of initiative. Yet they have been a center of Christian culture in this land and have influenced far more strongly than anyone of us knows the religious life and thought of South India. Most of the great Hindu reformers were born in South India within the reach of this influence and many of them in Malabar itself. In education they are the Brahmins of Christianity. With them Christianity has acquired indigenous color which has not been attained anywhere else in India. They are part of the people of the land, and yet different. The sons of this church are to be found far and wide in South India occupying positions of influence and trust. There are more graduates in a small area in the Syrian Church than almost anywhere else

I9I 7] A REMARKABLE CAMPAIGN IN INDIA

in India, with the exception of the great cities. And yet this Church has never attempted to move out of its garden-land, shut in by high hills, to carry the light of the Gospel to the millions who have never seen it on the other side of these hills.

For some years there has been a ferment within these ancient churches, and some of the leaders pressed Mr. Eddy to hold a series of conventions. The result for one at least of these ancient churches was, to use the words of one of her ministers, "To open a massive door which had been closed for centuries and to show the way into wider paths." Those who expected to see this ancient Church giving up its old ideas and apathy in one moment and launching out into new ways will be disappointed, but those who expect to see life working quietly and steadily, like the leaven in the lump, can see signs of great forces, a purer moral life and a stronger evangelistic power. This Church, unlike many of the ancient churches, has had the Bible in the vernacular and loves and treasures it, and with a new desire for Bible study awakened among its members it will undoubtedly attain far higher levels of thought and action. Four months after these conventions closed ten new workers were specially appointed in these churches to lead them into new paths of evangelism, and already among the depressed and ignorant about twenty new night schools have been opened and are being conducted by voluntary workers.

PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT After the period of special activity some workers took too literally the parable of the seed growing quietly and expected to find the blade and the ripe corn, instead of which they only found barren earth. They forgot that sometimes seed needs water as well as quiet. On the whole, however, the work went forward steadily and the movement spread throughout India. The Danish Mission Churches in Tiruvannamaly and Tirukovilur took up the movement and endeavored to arouse the people of their town and neighborhood. The services of some of the leading Tamil evangelists were obtained, and one of the great singerpreachers of South India, Ayardurai Bagavathar, a convert of five years ago, was engaged by the Evangelistic Campaign Committee to give his whole time to the work. In places where quite recently stones were thrown and audiences of the smallest dimensions only could be gathered, over 1,000 Hindus listened night after night to the Gospel as it was sung or spoken. As one of the missionaries has said, "The feelings of the people underwent a wondrous change from opposition to sympa'thy and eagerness to know more." Inquirers came forward, and some are already being prepared for baptism.

In Western India a committee has also been appointed, with Dr.

Robert E. Hume at its head. The Canadian Baptist Mission set apart Rev. L. A. K. Walker, one of their finest vernacular missionaries, to take up this work. The American Evangelical Lutheran Mission is

looking forward to a special period of evangelistic effort along these lines in their jubilee year. In the Tinnevelly district the new Anglican bishop is definitely endeavoring to organize the whole of his diocese so that every parish shall be a missionary center.

In February, 19 I 6, at the meeting of the Madras Representative Council-one of the Continuation Committees-it was definitely decided to organize an Evangelistic Forward Movement Committee on the lines of the China Committee for all the churches and missions in South India. This committee has a full-time secretary, has adopted a program of work and decided to publish a Bulletin. The churches of South India were called to another special week of evangelistic effort in October.

RESULTS OF THIS MOVEMENT I. Perhaps the most important thing that this movement has done is to give a new feeling of hope and courage to the Indian Church. The Church has realized in some measure that the power of God is available, and that by that power it is possible, even for a weak church, to achieve great things. The Church has learned to believe in itself as a divine instrument for effecting God's purposes. In one of the cities the pastors of the four churches were unanimous in stating that there was very little hope of being able to influence the middle classes, or even to get large numbers of them to Christian meetings. They have learned differently now. The Christian women, too, of many of the towns and villages who had been frightened before to utter a word for Jesus Christ walked considerable distances to tell their sisters of the blessings of Christ. They not only visited the houses of their own town and village, but they gave up their time and energy to visit distant villages to preach the Gospel. It was a wonderful thing to see these timid women take up this work with faith and courage.

2. Then, secondly, the campaign movement has revealed opportunities for evangelism which were not fully realized before. In the Madura district many an old Bible was discovered in the houses of Hindus, sometimes read and sometimes unread. In quite a number of places men were found who had been reading the Bible for years and drinking of its living streams unknown to anyone. As a result of this campaign they were brought into contact with Christian friends and workers. There is hope that many of them will be won for Christ. Some of those who signed cards at the Hindu meetings wrote that they had been lovers of the Bible for years. Not only so, but this campaign has helped to follow up the pupils of the missionary schools and has provided opportunity for continuing the work already done in the schools. In some parts it has given a new stimulus to old mass movements which had practically died out.

In South Travancore, where for many years the churches had not engaged in aggressive evangelistic work, the young men went out to

A REMARKABLE CAMPAIGN IN

preach, and already two new villages with over 700 people, have been won for Christ.

3. Thirdly, the spirit of prayer and Bible study in the Church has been greatly strengthened. The practical value of both prayer and Bible study has been m'ore clearly realized. Meditation has been definitely connected with work, and it has been found that the hardest worker is he who gets his strength and help through prayer and Bible study. The Church is beginning to understand that "'Deeper than the need for men, deeper far than the need for money, is the need for the forgotten secret of prevailing world-prayer.".

SOME OF THE PERSONAL WORKERS IN TRAVANCORE 4. Fourthly, under the impulse of this movement, various quarrels and factions in churches have been healed and parties brought together, in some cases in a very remarkable way. In one of the southern cities, where an intensive campaign was in progress, two Christian parties who had come from two different castes and between whom for years there had been great bitterness and enmity, so much so that members of one party would not even attend the church where the other party was in a majority, were brought together for the purpose of this work, and for some time they have been working together.

5. Further, as a result of the campaign and of the training that has been given in many centers, bands of personal 'Workers have been gathered. In Lahore a football and hockey team were, with many other Christian young men, trained by Mr. Buchman, and are now doing a fine work among the Hindu students, which has led to some fine results in meetings just conducted there by Rev. J. N. Forman.

In Travancore quite a number of young men have given themselves

to this work. In Madura city, as a result of the preparation for Mr. Eddy's meetings, there are numbers of personal workers, both among men and women, who are trying to carryon this work quietly and regularly. When the Church becomes one great band of enthusiastic personal workers then will the work of winning India to Christ be well on the way toward a successful conclusion.

6. Again, the campaign has helped toward a closer co-operation of men's and women's work. The men missionaries have realized, perhaps more fully than before, the need for this co-operation, and the two works have been co-ordinated. Discussion of plans and of policy has been made by both together with a view to helping one another. As a report of the Southern India United Church at its General Assembly in September, 19 I 5, said, "This campaign movement is helping to bring Christian womanhood to its right place in the evangelization of India."

7. The movement has also led to the discovery of new methods of evangelism. We may get some idea of how the Indian Church will work on its own lines when it gets really enthused with the spirit of evangelism from what it has already achieved during this movement. At Christmas, 19 IS, in Madras 1.0,000 Christmas cards were printed containing a picture of the birth of Christ and one or two appropriate Scripture verses. These were purchased by churches and individuals and given away personally to non-Christian friends and acquaintances. In some cases men who had never spoken to non-Christians before about Christ started in this way at Christmas, 19 I 5.

Midnight servants' meetings are being held in Madras by volun-· tary bands from the Wesleyan Church, Royapettah. The only time that the servants can be gathered is from IO to 12 at night, and it is reported that these meetings have been most successful. Lectures are given on health and other subjects as well as Gospel addresses. It is also hoped to adopt in some form a newspaper campaign, such as has grown largely out of the campaign movement in Japan and China.

S. The campaign has also been the means of helping in the circulation of a considerable amount of literature among both Christians and non-Christians. During the week of evangelism three lakhs of Christian tracts were issued for non-Christians, and 3,000 copies of a special booklet, entitled "The Supreme Person and the Supreme Quest,'" were printed and circulated among Hindu inquirers. Over 5,000 copies of a small pamphlet by one of the Indian leaders on "Why I Became a Christian," were distributed, and many other books, especially Biblestudy books and books on evangelism, were put into the hands of Christian workers more than ever before.

9. One of the by-products of this movement has been a revelation to the ordinary Christian layman of the difficulties of missionary work. Many an educated Indian layman had thought that it was quite easy to win ignorant villagers to Christianity, and often blamed the missionary for his lack of success. Now that they have tried they have found

it much more difficult than they thought, and they have come to understand the obstacles which the ordinary catechist has to face in his work.

ro. Another important result is the creation of a new social service sense in the Church. The Church has realized that it exists not simply to preach but to do good. Night schools have been started and conducted by voluntary workers. Wells have been dug; hospitals visited. The campaign, as the Bishop of Madras said, "is a campaign not simply of preaching but of good works." In some centers social service leagues among both Hindus and Christians have been organized.

THE MAIN SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MOVEMENT In conclusion, we will estimate briefly the main significance of this movement-the vital center of it. The real significance of this move-· ment seems to lie in the awakening of the Indian Church to a sense of its responsibility and power. It is not an attempt to create a new organization, but an endeavor to inspire the whole Church to take up this work. As a pamphlet published by the American Madura Mission states, "The campaign is an organized effort definitely designed to train and equip the Church for its God-given task of witnessing and to lead it out to the accomplishment of that task with a battle-cry, 'Every member saved, and all the saved in service.' "

Further, this movement has special significance as a demonstration of the possibility of an intensive evangelistic effort in which the forces of the whole Church are utilized. Each individual church realizes that it has the whole Church at its back. These forces include not only the outward and visible ones of special speakers and literature and special apparatus, but also the inward ones of prayer, sympathy and interest. The campaign has helped to make a chain of prayer around the world for India.

vVhat is this movement going to mean for India ? For the Indian Church it means new life. For India it means a new vision of Christ in the lives and in the service of those who are His.

Dr. Sven Hedin, in his book "Trans-Himalaya," tells how they came upon the source of the Ganges high up on the great mountain tableland on the borders of Tibet, and saw there a clear spring welling up out of the rocks and flowing down to become the mighty river Ganges, which gives life, food, coolness and refreshment to millions of India's sons and daughters on the hot plains of this land. The natives of that part call this spring "The fountain of joy." So may we not call the evangelistic impulse-the desire to give out what we have possessed-the fountain of joy of the Christian, which not only gives joy to men but gives life and healing to countless others? The Christians of India have only just discovered this fountain. May it flow on, ever increasing and increasing, and drawing to itself other tributaries until at last it becomes the great Ganges of the future religious life of India.

HUXLEY

on the BIBLE, What place has !.his Book in your life ?

NEWSPAPER EVANGELISM IN EGYPT Gospel advertisements in Greek, French, Arabic and English, used in reaching Moslems and others in Egypt and the neighboring countries

Evangelism in

BY THE REV. s. M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT I N Japan missionaries have long held the post of honor in their successful efforts to advance the Kingdom of God by newspaper advertising. In China and India also the vernacular press has been enlisted into the service of the King. Egypt offers peculiar diffi- culties as well as unique opportunities for this method of evangelism.

Before the war Cairo was without question the newspaper center of the Moslem world, its only rival being Constantinople. No other city has so ma"ny students of Moslem theology and law, and none other pours out such a flood of -Arabic literature. At one time Cairo had more than sixty daily newspapers. A few years ago 25, I 69,000 newspapers and periodicals passed through the Egyptian mails in one year, and of these more than 2,500,000 copies went from Egypt into other Moslem lands.

Of the dailies, most are published in Arabic, but there are also English, French, Italian, Armenian, Greek and Hebrew papers as well. There are seventeen Arabic literary reviews, three judicial periodicals, three medical journals, two women's journals and eleven Moslem magazines.

One of the Arabic papers has a circulation of at least 15,000 copies daily, probably the largest of any Arabic paper in the world.

An attempt at newspaper evangelism was made on a small scale in 19 13 in the Arabic press. This was before the war, when the cen- sorship was not so strict as it is to-day. An advertisement was inserted in the press concerning the foundations of the Christian faith, and books to be had answering the question as to the truth or falseness of Christianity. This advertisement brought in no less than 300 replies, many of them expressing a deep interest and everyone paying for the booklet sent.· It was impossible to keep up this method through lack of funds until a year ago, when a new effort was made. Only those who have seen the condition of American newspapers after passing the cen- sor, with their "Current Events" cut into the pattern of a doll's house with windows and doors, can realize the difficulties in continuing this method of evangelism. "

On the other hand, a great number of men, sobered by the war, gathered in Egypt and were willing to listen to the message of God's truth. Soldiers came from every part of the British Empire, and it seemed that this method of newspaper evangelism should not be neglected. One of the missionaries of the Egypt General Mission suc- ceeded in securing two or three columns every week in the Egyptian Gazette for his "Talks to the Troops," and he gave strong religious messages from leading writers and thinkers of Great Britain and Amer- ica. Personal testimonies from soldiers prove the help that this weekly

message gave them. The Egyptian Mail also called attention to the question that concerns every man-his relation to God and to Eternity. A Bible text appears every day in the leading English paper at the end of the editorial. Sometimes the text seems incongruous, like a jewel that has fallen by the wayside, but many have not failed to catch its radiance in spite of its surroundings.

The native newspapers have expressed their surprise and admiration of this new Christian tone in the European press. The}f?adi-el- Nil (Moslem) recently wrote: "How strange is it to see sermons in our daily papers. In fact, an evening newspaper gives texts from the Gospel in frames of four broad lines, signed with an interrogation mark. We thank God for having lived long enough to see our papers make such progress and interest themselves in all matters."

The accompanying illustration speaks for itself as to the variety of messages and languages used in the present campaign. When our first time appeared in La Bourse Egyptienne, the editor of the leading Greek paper called personally and asked for similar favors. When I told him that my knowledge of modern Greek was practically nil he said: "Surely you can copy the verse (Matt. xi. 28-30) from the Greek New Testament. Or I will translate it from the French."

The response to these advertisements has not been by mail, but we have reason to believe that it has stimulated inquiry, increased church attendance and the reading of the Scriptures. Similar material has been inserted in the Arabic press, especially the Coptic papers A I Watan and Misr. The latter prints every Saturday morning a religious article prepared by a leading Moslem convert, under our supervision.

We are only at the beginning of the road in this method of evangelism. The publishers themselves are still suspicious of the possibilities of such a method. Even the advertising of church services seems a innovation in the conservative East, but efforts made in this direction have increased the attendance 100 per cent. at Sunday services and at Christian lectures.

We hope that those who read these lines will remember this work in prayer and that God will use His own Word as He has always done for the furtherance of His Kingdom. There is no more efficient method. We close by quoting words already celebrated but which we must not forget. They occurred in a telegram from Dr. Charles R. Watson to the American Christian Literature Society for Moslems: liN0 agency can penetrate Islam so deeply, abide so persistently, witness so daringly, and influence so irresistibly, as the PRINTED PAGE. May we set up new standards of prayer, faith and effort for the winning of the Moslem world to Christ."

America Keep Christ?

BY REV. HERBERT S. JOHNSON, BOSTON, MASS.

Pastor of the Warren Avenue Baptist Church O F course, the time may never come in America when the church bells will not ring on Sabbath morning, or when the walls of our beautiful churches will be torn down, or when women will go into the cemeteries and from the headstones chisel away the name of Jesus. But we should seriously consider the danger that we retain the buildings without the Presence, that we possess the name of Jesus without the Power, the danger that we lose the real Christ, the essential Christ.

Practically speaking, there are many Christs. There is the one historic Christ, but He manifests Himself through human personalities, so that there are practically as many Christs as there are men and women who express Him. There is the Christ of the intellect, the most common of all, a mere intellectual conception. Then there is the Christ of the emotions. There is also the Christ of the complete man, the intellect, the feelings and the will.

There is a vast difference between these various Christs, especially the first and the last; as much difference as there is between the picture of a lighthouse and a real lighthouse on a stormy coast; between the picture of a loaf of bread and a million bushels of wheat; between the portrait of your dead mother and that sainted woman herself.

I know of a family whose only Christ, practically speaking, is a picture, a beautiful copy of Hoffman's Christ, that hangs on the wall in the drawing-room. This Christ has little or no influence upon the family. The women are society butterflies. The men go to their counting-rooms and do business on the principle of "dog eat dog." The Christ of this family has about as much influence upon their home life as has the other parlor furniture-the piano, the rugs on the floor, the goldfish swimming in the crystal tank! There is a vast difference between their Christ and the Christ of Adoniram Judson and Charles G. Finney and George Whitfield and the Apostle Paul. The first is a painted Christ, a picture in a frame, dull, silent, dead. The other is bread and light and a raging fire! It is the Christ of power to whom I refer when I ask the question, Can A mericakeep Christ?

That we may lose Christ is evident when we consider the psychological laws by which we know Him and manifest Him. The Apostle Paul declares the first of these principles in the third chapter of ,the Epistle to the Philippians: "That I may know Him and the power of His resurrection, and enter into the fellowship of His sufferings." We cannot know Him by merely talking about Him or reading about Him

in the Bible or through prayer. We must enter into the fellowship of His sufferings. We must be crucified with Him. Paul declares the second psychological law, the law by which we manifest Jesus to the world, in the second Epistle to the Corinthians: "Always bearing about in the body the dying of Jesus, that the life also of Jesus may be manifested in our body." We shall make Him known to the world not by word of mouth, but by the sacrificial life.

The truth of Paul's teaching is made clear by two simple illustrations. The first relates to the acquisition of spiritual knowledge. Suppose that it were possible for Abraham Lincoln to come from the grave and stand in the pulpit. Suppose that some dilettante young society man were seated in the last pew of the church. How much about Abraham Lincoln could the young man know? He could know a thin man six feet so many inches in height with gray hairs among the black and deep circles beneath the eyes. But of the real Lincoln, the man of great thoughts and deep feelings, how much could this butterfly of society know, this young man whose main burden in life is to make his necktie match in color with his socks! When, as a youth, for the first time Abraham Lincoln saw a slave girl being sold upon the auction block he cried out: "By God, if ever I have a chance to hit that thing, I will hit it and hit it hard." For four years as the great President he bore the sorrows of a nation upon his back. How shall the butterfly comprehend the granite mountain? How shall the society man know Abraham Lincoln? Is it not plain that to know a Lincoln you must yourself have the heart of a Lincoln? To know a missionary, you must have a missionary spirit. To know a soldier, you must be a soldier. To know a business man, you must be a business man. _To know Christ, you must climb Calvary and be crucified with Him! .

My second illustration relates to Paul's teaching that we can manifest Jesus only by bearing about in our bodies the dying of Jesus. A few years ago I saw Jesus with the eye of my imagination almost as clearly as if He had been revealed to my physical eye. The church of which I am pastor was about to be sold for debt. I had come from the pulpit entirely discouraged and stood for a moment at the foot of the stairs. Down the aisle there came an elderly working woman of Boston, Isabella Monroe. She placed a check in my hands, with these words: "Pastor, I want to give this to save the dear old church." I looked at the check and found that it was for $ I ,000. I said to her, "You cannot afford to give so much!" She replied, "I have worked hard all my life with my hands and have saved $2,000. I can afford to give half of it to my beloved Lord, to save the dear old church." When I looked at her bent form, her wrinkled face and her gray hairs and realized the depth of her sacrifice, suddenly Christ was transfigured before me. He stood behind the poor working woman in the aisle of the church, glorious and powerful. I cried out in my heart, "Oh, my God, give me this Christ, who can transform a plain working woman

into a saint." I have listened to the preaching of Phillips Brooks and Alexander MacLaren and Joseph Parker, but they never preached Christ to me as did Isabella Monroe. She bore in her own body the dying of Jesus.

If we thus know Jesus and manifest Him, it is plain that we .can lose Him. We lose Him by selfishness. The common way is by the gradual and almost imperceptible growth of selfishness in the Christian's life. The cares, the sorrows, the successes, the pleasures, the profits and losses and the experiences of ordinary life fill up the mind of the Christian and he becomes selfish and then more selfish. Gradually the Christ of power who once walked with him grows smaller and smaller and fades away, until at last He becomes a mere picture on the wall of the man's memory, dwarfed, silent, helpless and dead! Or it may be that the Church or the individual Christian faces some supreme spiritual opportunity which constitutes a fundamental test of his character. Under the test he breaks down and chooses himself rather than his God and his duty. He then commits soul-suicide, as did Judas Iscariot, who sold his Lord for thirty pieces of silver!

What is the relevancy of these remarks? They have a peculiar pertinency for those who have attended missionary conventions, who have listened to or read the story of supreme human need in the greatest spiritual crisis in the history of the world. Under the appeals of speakers and writers their hearts have been searched to the uttermost depths. Not one of them can ever he the same again. Some of them will lay their money, their children and their lives on the altar of God and humanity. They will take a long step upward in the spiritual life. Others have heard the same appeals, but the only result has been that they have taken a new strangle-hold upon their purse-strings. They have gone far down into the pit of selfishness and separation from God.

These psychological principles are especially significant for America. We stand to-day in the presence of the war, which is destined to influence the political, economic and religious conditions of all nations to a degree that cannot be overestimated. We Christians also stand in the presence of the fact that one thousand millions of our fellow human beings have never adequately heard the message of Jesus. America has enjoyed the privileges of the Gospel for two hundred years; we are the richest people in the world; we could easily evangelize mankind within a single generation. America has a spiritual opportunity and a responsibility such as never came to any nation.

What does America care that Jesus of Nazareth passeth by? The average man apparently cares less than for the passing of a load of hay. The spiritual attitude of the average rich man toward the momentous and terrible times in which we are living is indicated by the following incident. A neighbor of mine recently gave a banquet for his debutante daughter iIi a first-class hatH in Boston. He apologized to his friends for what he called the economical scale of his expenditllre

on the ground of the sufferings and the poverty of the people in Europe. Nevertheless, the merrymakers drank twenty-five hundred bottles of champagne at the banquet, costing not less than two dollars and a half a bottle. The other day a newspaper stated that a certain wealthy woman was so fond of her pet dog that she bought him a $30,000 diamond necklace. A $30,000 diamond necklace on a $30 dog led about the streets of the city by a 3o-cent woman! Grant that the story may have been a newspaper fabrication. Nevertheless, does it not suggest something significant concerning the spirit of extravagance which is now prevalent in all classes of American life?

But why should we speak only of worldly Americans? Apparently many of the elect of Christ care very little that Jesus is passing by in this crisis of the ages. The great Methodist body has not yet responded to the challenge of its leaders to give $70,000 a year for ten years in order that 2,000,000 Hindus who are now ready, or almost ready, may be received into the Church in the next decade. Yet the financial sacrifice demanded from each .Methodist averages only a twocent postage stamp per year. Baptists are almost in the same position with respect to the opportunity in India and the failure to respond. These denominations are probably no better or worse in the main than other denominations. The Christ is passing by, and apparently the Christians of America are very little moved.

It is foolish under these circumstances to deny the spiritual danger to religion in America. Can we keep Christ? Or, if we keep Him and are untrue to His ideals and His challenge, will His name be anything more to us than a painted husk, a polite nothing, with which we shall amuse ourselves in the hour of sorrow or weariness or death?

Many years ago there came to the study of my church a certain man who desired a favor. He was about to be married, and feared t~at his old mother would not be acceptable in the new home. He asked in so many words: "Will you help me to put myoid mother in the poor house?" I turned him out of the study and he went away angry, never to return. But since then through the years I have seen, with the eye of my imagination, a picture painted, as it were, permanently upon the atmosphere in front of the door, a grave with a tombstone at its head and upon it this epitaph: "Here lies the soul of Mr. – – – – – . Died on the day when he tried to put his old mother in the poor house!"

Will not something die in the souls of American Christians if we fail in this hour of the world crisis? The laws of psychology work as inevitably as the laws of the Medes and Persians. America to-day is in danger of losing Christ, the real Christ of power, the only Christ who is worth possessing.

If we fail in this hour 'of testing, if we fail to follow the leading • of Christ in the sacrifice of self for suffering and dying men, will not

A MISSIONARY'S IDLE

men in years to come follow the example of ancient priests in the Roman temples who, when they heard the common people talk about religion, put their hands to their mouths and laughed? In every-day life we reject the useless and unavailing. If you purchase a plow and it does not plow, you throw it on the scrap heap. If you buy a loaf of bread which you cannot eat, you throw it away. If you possess a religion that, having been preached for hundreds of years, breaks down in the supreme hour of testing and opportunity, will you not throw it on the rubbish-heap?

Consider'the story of a certain rich man who dined every day in his splendid house and paid no attention to the beggar lying at his gate. One day the rich man and the beggar died. The great Master of the psychology of the soul paints a superb and awful picture of this rich man in hell. What had Dives done? Had he committed murder? No. Had he committed adultery? No. Had he committed theft? No. What had he done? He had done nothing! Therefore, Jesus said that he found his rightful place among lost souls in hell. Vhat will become of Christians in America if in this great hour of need we do nothing?

Let us hope that our country will not lose Christ, that our churches will arouse themselves from their deadly lethargy and be true to their Master.

A MISSIONARY'S IDLE MOMENTS W HAT does a missionary in Korea do with his spare time? Many probably think of him as engaging for the most part in preach- ing and teaching. Here is a list of the occupations of Rev. Walter Erdman, of Taiku, Korea.

Vocation-Teaching and superintending Taiku Bible Institute two months. Co-pastor Taiku City Church (congregation about 1,000). Charge of Evangelistic Building (preaching rooms, night classes, etc.). Weekly Normal Class for Sunday School teachers of three city churches. Station Pastor (for English ·services). Teaching in Women's Bible Institute when in session. Translation of charts, books and Scripture Outlines. Theological Seminary (15 hours per week) 3 months.

Avocation-Putting up furnaces; teaching Koreans to work and live; looking after gardens; shipping freight to missionaries in an interior station; looking after mission property; building houses; receiving Korean visitors from country churches; writing letters to people in America; wrangling with custom house officials in regard to food imports from the United States; receiving police and civil service officers in formal calls; returning same; killing rats in the cellar; mending leaks in the roof; killing mosquitoes and time.

In other words, the missionary is a professor, pastor, preacher, superintendent, evangelist, plumber, gardener, overseer, architect, pope, scribe, murderer, society man, translator.

BRYCE ON THE ARMENIAN SITUATION *

The American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief has received from Lord Bryce the following cable statement on the Armenian situation: In the history of the early Christian Church there are no figures so glorious, none which have continued to be so much honored by the church all through its later days as those of the martyrs, men and women who from the time of Nero down to that of Diocletian sealed with their blood the testimony to their faith, withstanding every lure and every threat in order to preserve their loyalty to their Lord and Master, Christ.

In our own times we have seen this example of fidelity repeated in the Turkish Empire and it is strange that the Christians of Europe and America should not have been more moved by the examples of courage and heroic devotion which the Armenian Christians have given. Of the seven or eight hundred thousand of Armenians who have perished in the recent massacres many thousand have died as martyrs-by which I mean they have died for their Christian faith, when they could have saved their lives by renouncing it. This has, perhaps, not been realized even by those who in Europe or America have read of and been horrified by the wholesale slaughter and hideous cruelties by which half of an ancient nation has been exterminated. They can hardly understand how there should be religious persecution in our time; so let me try to explain the facts: It was not religious fanaticism that led the present rulers of Turkey to seek to root out Christianity. So far from being fanatics most of these men, though nominally Mohammedans, have no religion whatever. Their aim was political. They wanted to make the whole Turkish Empire Mohammedan in order to make it uniform, with only one creed and no differences between one class of subjects and another. They saw that the Christian part of the population suffering under constant oppressions and cruelties, continued to turn its eyes westward and hope for some redress from the Christian nations; so they determined to eliminate Christianity altogether.

During these recent massacres, whenever any Christian would turn Mohammedan his life was spared. I t was only as a Christian that he was killed. Many a Christian child was torn from its parents to be brought up as a Mussulman. Thousands of Armenian Christian girls were sold in the market or distributed among Turkish officers to be imprisoned for life in Turkish harems and there forced into Mohammedanism. But many more thousands of Armenians, women as well as men, were offered their choice between Christ and Mohammed and when they refused Mohammed were shot or drowned forthwith. For days and days together the bodies of Christian women who had thus perished. were seen floating down the Euphrates.

Surely the remains of this suffering nation could make no stronger appeal for pity and help to the Christians of America than they make through these martyr deaths. Only a remnant is now left to whom charity can be extended. It is still a sorely afflicted remnant. Some in territory occupied by the Russian army, though safe from their ferocious enemies, are in sad need of help to rebuild their homes and cultivate once more their ravaged fields. The condition of others is even worse. They are barely supporting life in the deserts of Northern Syria where their oppressors watch their sufferings under hunger and disease and refuse to alleviate their agonies. There is still, however, a chance for relief from without to reach them, and their friends in Europe hope that the generous charity of America, much as it has already done, will respond once more to the appeal made to it to send aid to these helpless survivors of an ancient Christian people.

BRYCE.

'" See the official Blue Book on "The Treatment of the Armenians, 19l5-l9l6," by Viscount Bryce. 8vo, z shillings. T. Fisher Unwin, London.

E. A. K. Hackett-Newspaper Philanthropist

BY D. E. LUTHER, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA FEW men have left so deep and en- during an impression upon his fellow men as has Edward Alex- ander Kelly Hackett, who has been crowned with immortality. The remarkable career of this noble, loving Christian gentleman , has recently been closed. His great, sympathetic heart was full of optimism and enthusiasm, and his ex- ceptional fraternal qual- ities peculiarly fitted him for the many lines of helpful activity in which he was engaged. He was a man of rare piety, of deep spiritual insight, of transcendent faith, of untiring zeal and loyalty E, A, K HACKETT to the advancement of Publisher of the "Fort-Wayne Daily Sentinel" the Kingdom of God. In him the spirit of loving and lovableness and of devoti~n to the highest things of life abounded in large proportions.

Mr. Hackett was born in New Bloomfield, Pa., on June 28, 1851.

He had no recollection of either of his parents, and in his early child- hood he was surrounded by the most unfavorable environment. He was a fine-spirited, precocious child, reared in a public hotel in the town in which he first saw the light of day, loved and petted by the boarders.

The surroundings were by no means such as would naturally protec~ a little boy from evils, or lead him into the nurture and admonition of the Lord. The earnest, industrious little lad might be seen carrying boxes of cigars around the bar-room, selling them to the men who were drinking at the bar.

When Eddie, as he was called; arrived at the proper age he went to the Perry County Democrat to learn the art of printing. His equip-

ment was a common school education and a fixed determination to mas- ter the art. Upon the expiration of his apprenticeship he went to Philadelphia and worked on a daily paper until by rigid economy he had saved up five hundred dollars. Then he went to Bluffton, Indiana, and entered in partnership with a man who held a county office and bought out the Bluffton Banner. Hackett invested his entire capital in the first payment, calculating that they would be able to meet all expenses of the office and make future payments on the plant from their profits. The partner was to keep the books, look after the collections and solicit advertising, while Mr. Hackett, being a printer, attended to issuing the paper. At the end of the first month his partner had utterly failed to perform successfully his part of the contract, so that there was no money to pay the employees. The young editor informed the other member of the firm that in future he would attend to the business end of the Bluffton Banner himself, as well as edit and issue the paper, which he did.

At the end of the second month there was not only money in hand to pay the expenses of the office but a surplus in the bank. The Banner proved a financial success, and after a few years Mr. Hackett sold his interest for a greatly advanced price and moved to Fort Wayne, Indiana, where he bought the F ort Wayne Daily Sentinel, the oldest newspaper in the State, which was in great jeopardy of falling into the hands of the sheriff. Mr. Hackett at once bent his energies to the herculean task of raising the Sentinel out of the depths into which it had been sunk.

He soon found that a fiercer battle confronted him than that waged by the financial status and disrepute of the Sentinel. He was face to face with the question which should rule his life-Christ or the world. He was told by business men that he would not run his paper long unless he "trimmed his sails" to their winds. It was a crisis. The life of his paper, into which he had put everything he possessed, besides assuming heavy obligations for future payment, seemed threatened with imminent disaster. He looked the situation squarely in the face and said, "Lord, if you want me to fail I will fail, but I will not dishonor you by taking the world's way." For a time it seemed that he would be compelled to suspend business, but he claimed'the promise that if he sought "first the Kingdom of God" God would take care of the rest; and just at a critical period, in a most extraordinary way, his paper was lifted out of difficulties. Prosperity continued until he became a recognized power in the business world.

. As a journalist, Mr. Hackett was keen, alert and progressive. His business dealings were always of the highest order. For thirty-six years he was editor and proprietor of the Sentinel, which he made one of the best newspaper properties of the Central West, both in business success and in journalistic influence.

Out of the first profits realized from his paper, after liquidating

E. A. K. HACKETT-NEWSPAPER PHILANTHROPIST 27

all his indebtedness, Mr. Hackett built a beautiful home for his family, and then invested in real estate that rapidly increased in value. Every- thing he touched seemed to succeed. A favorite promise was, "Com- mit thy way unto the Lord; trust also in Him and He shall bring it to pass." He gave God the glory for his prosperity, and often remarked that his one desire was to use his means as a steward of God for the blessing of mankind.

Although a man of large business affairs, Mr. Hackett always found time and sought opportunity for Christian work. He so thoroughly and systematically organized his business that for more than twenty years a large portion of his time was devoted to religious' and philanthropic work. He was for many years a lay preacher, occupying pulpits wherever he went. He was for over twenty years an elder in the First Presbyterian Church of Fort Wayne, and served his church in the General Assembly as a member of the Evangelistic Committee, on the Board of Foreign Missions, and was one of its most liberal supporters.

Mr. Hackett's interest was world-wide. He established the Hackett Medical College at Canton, China; his daughter, Dr. Martha Hackett, being a member of the Canton Medical College staff. For twenty years he supported a large number of American missionaries in Africa and India, besides ten native preachers in China.

At home his special work was in the Sabbath School, the prisons, jails and slums. In his Bible he wrote: "I always feel nearer Jesus when I am in the Sunday-school than anywhere else, for Jesus loved little children so much." And again, "I am glad I gave my heart to Jesus when I was a little boy, for otherwise I might be far from Him to-day." He served as superintendent of the Sunday-school in Fort Wayne and supported the work of the church for many years, besides financing other charities. He was teacher of a large class of boys at Winona and superintendent of the Sunday-school of Immanuel Presbyterian Church of Los Angeles, California, where he recently spent every alternate year. He was one of the secretaries of the religious department of the Los Angeles Young Men's Christian Association, and was also a member of the Board of Management.

"Make me to love my fellow man; yea, through his bitterness," was not an unanswered prayer in the case of Mr. Hackett. He literally loved men into the Kingdom. On one occasion, in working with a group of chain-gang prisoners, he found them morose and bitter. It seemed impossible to get their attention or to make any impression upon them. He appreciated their craving for the luxuries of which they had been so long deprived. He at once equipped himself with a load of cakes and other good things and returned to his men, where he found ready demand for his treat, and from that moment their ears and hearts were open to their benefactor. The result was that a large number of those hardened criminals were converted to Jesus Christ, and

when they had served out their sentences they came back to the world Christian men, and to-day fill their places as honorable citizens.

One of his last enterprises was to get out an attractive little pocket mirror, on the back of which he had printed in Chinese the Gospel invitation to Chinamen. Thousands of these mirrors are being sent to missionaries in China for free distribution.

Mr. Hackett's consuming passion was the winning of souls to Christ. On his death-bed he asked Mrs. Hackett to take pencil and paper and write the following: "I would rather win one poor sinner to Christ than to win a mountain of gold and silver." And also, "The reason why some people get so little out of their religion is because they put so little into it."

Mr. Hackett was earnestly devoted to the upbuilding of Winona Lake Assembly. He also gave large sums to the buildings and maintenance of the Young Men's Christian Associations and Young Women's Christian Associations in the cities of his residence and elsewhere. Many struggling churches and missions have been inspired to new life by his generous gifts. Widows and orphans carpe to him, and were not turned away empty-handed; but his giving was quiet and discreet.

The extraordinary missionary advancement of the last twenty years has been due largely to the increasing interest of men in the support of the enterprise. Prior to that time the churches seemed to have settled down to the understanding that missions were peculiarly the province of women. It was the profound conviction of E. A. K. Hackett that the winning of the world for Christ was a piece of business great enough to enlist the enthusiasm of the business men of America. He joined with John H. Converse, of Philadelphia, in pledging to the Board of Foreign Missions the salary of Mr. David McConaughy as a special secretary to carry the missionary project in its full proportions to the men of Presbyterianism and enlist them for it. As a result, the whole missionary outlook in the Church has been transformed.

Men of large means often become interested in one single line of philanthropy or religious work, closing their ears to every other appeal, thus narrowing their influence for good and often wasting what might have been used as a great blessing to the world. This may be less trouble, but it was not Mr. Hackett's way. As a steward of God he believed it worth while to render Him his best service of self and the means He had placed in his hands. He has left a great example of sowing by many waters to ensure an abundant harvest, and enjoyed the blessing of seeing the results during his lifetime instead of coldly leaving a bequest to some charity or institution.

The home life of Mr. Hackett was ideal. He was a devoted husband and father. Christian hospitality, refinement and culture of the highest order, mingled with love and harmony, combined to make the Hackett home a veritable "heaven on earth." He was called to his reward August 28, 19 I 6, at the age of sixty-five.

WOMEN STUDENTS' CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION ON A SPRING

The Gene-.ra, Switzerland. Association at the Mer de Glace. There are many Slav women in the group Women Students of the World rrhe New Womanhood-Shall it be Christian?

BY MISS RUTH ROUSE, LONDON Traveling Secretary of the World's Christian Student Federation W OMEN students are a factor which must be reckoned with to-day by all those who are seeking to extend the Kingdom of God throughout the world. The movement for the higher education of women is a factor in the life of every civilized country. Twenty years ago the United States, Great Britain, Switzerland and Russia were the only countries where women were to be found in the universities in any considerable numbers. To-day, with scarcely an exception, wherever there are universities there are women students. They are not only there, but there in ever-increasing numbers.

In the nine university centers of Russia there are between thirty and forty thousand women students. Nowhere else in the world are there such large aggregations of women students in one place. In St. Petersburg there are at least fifteen thousand girls studying, of whom between five and six thousand are in the Women's University and over two thousand in the Women's School of Medicine. Women students have long been a feature of Russian social life. The younger Slav countries and races follow in Russia's wake. In Servia and Bulgaria there are hundreds of women students in the universities. Two years

before the war there were three hundred in the University of Sofia, the next year four hundred, the next year eight hundred, and since the war they have returned in numbers almost as great. In Austria, the Jews excepted, it is the Slavs, Czechs and Poles who supply the largest number of women students.

All over Europe, before the outbreak of the war, even in lands as conservative as Germany in questions relating to women, the same increase was to be observed. A recent education law in Germany, requiring a university training for all teachers in girls' secondary schools, almost doubled the number of women in the universities and brought it up to between four and five thousand.

In the Far East the same phenomenon is evident. A woman who has studied most carefully recent feminist de~elopments in China expressed the conviction that in ten years there will be five million girls in schools and colleges in China. Seven years ago, in Tokyo, there were already ten thousand girls in higher schools and colleges, and the Japanese Minister of Education said to the writer that not a day passed that he did not sign a permit for the opening of some new school or college for women.

In South America, until recently, girls were educated in convent schools, if at all. During the last few years a sudden and marked change has taken place and women prepare themselves to enter all manner of professions and occupations. There are five hundred Argentine women students in the University of Buenos Ayres, and more at the University of La Plata; two hundred in the University of Santiago, Chili; a hundred at the University of Havana, Cuba, and so forth.

Even in Moslem lands the forward movement is making itself evident, and about two years ago the Minister of Public Instruction published a decree admitting women to the University in Constantinople for courses which include a very broad culture. The Government also sent Turkish women to study in Switzerland.

Of the Anglo-Saxon countries there is no need to speak. Great Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa have long ago followed the United States in opening universities and colleges to women; though the peculiar phenomenon of the women's college, as it is found in the Eastern and Southern States of America, has not been reproduced elsewhere except in mission lands.

Women students are not only a new but they are a powerful factor in the life of most nations. Any large new class appearing in a nation is bound to react on the life of the nation, and react the more powerfully the more educated are its ranks. For good or evil, women students are a new factor in the life of the nations, and an influential factor..

A highly educated motherhood produces a community with lofty educational ideals. One can hardly doubt that the tremendous enthusiasm of the young American for education, and his readiness to make

STUDENTS OF THE

any sacrifice to obtain it, is due to the fact that in countless families the mother as well as the father is a university graduate. Consider again the fact that all the secondary education of girls to-day, and not a little of the primary, is in the hands of women students, while in certain countries boys as well as girls receive a large part of their intellectual training from women teachers. The ideals of the teacher rapidly become the ideals of the community. If the women student body is strongly Christian, the next generation will have Christian ideals; and they will learn them from their teachers even in those lands where the State schools are by law neutral in matters of religion. Experience shows that the contrary is true. In one European country, where State schools are supposed to be absolutely neutral in matters of religion, students have frequently told me that, when they were young boys and girls, their faith was destroyed in school by their agnostic or atheistic women teachers. In the course of the literature lesson the teacher would ask. for an explanation of some Biblical allusion, and when a girl brought up in a Christian home gave the explanation the teacher would hold her up to ridicule for knowing anything about the Bible. A different situation, but one not less crucial, exists in those lands where religious teaching is compulsory in the State schools. In one of these countries I have been told by women students that they were studying theology with the definite purpose of giving such teaching in the religion lesson, that their pupils might be "liberated from the ridiculous trammels of religion by which we ourselves have been so seriously hampered." Consider the result of the religious teaching given by such women.

Nothing is clearer from the study of contemporary social history and developments than the importance of the women's movement. The large majority of women students and women teachers are ardent feminists. Their pupils will be the same. What kind of feminism is to guide our destinies-a sane and healthy women's movement, dominated by Christian ideals for society, or the kind of feminism that is the negation of certain fundamental Christian principles? The answer to this question is largely in the hands of women students because of their influence in the schools.

Even present-day women students are, in various extremely active ways, taking a share in changing society. The motive forces which drive them to study are two-a desire for liberty and self-expression, and a desire for service. The second motive is far the more powerful. It operates everywhere, though its manifestations are very various.

In some countries this motive takes the form of an ardent patriotism and nationalism. In China, during the recent revolution, every woman student was on the side of the Republic. Very many girls left their schools to join the army, and a Chinese woman student in Toronto told me that she received many letters from her women friends in China reproaching her for her callous selfishness in not returning home to fight for the Republic. If you ask any Chinese girl studying in Japan,

America or Europe, why she is doing so, she invariably explains that it is with a view to doing something for the upbuilding of the new China. At a conference of Chinese women students in America, I heard them, day by day, frankly discuss all manner of social and religious questions in relation to China, women's suffrage, the proper social relation between men and women, dancing and other amusements, various careers for women, and the right way of presenting Jesus Christ to the women of China to-day. It was abundantly evident that all their thoughts and decisions were deeply affected by their intense patriotism. No question interested them for itself alone, but only in its relation to the welfare of China.

In other lands, the political situation makes the altruism of the women students find vent in revolution. In Russia more than half of the women students are members of secret revolutionary societies. Their devotion and self-sacrifice for the causes in which they believe are startling: they face prison, exile, and even death as a matter of course. "Pray for our students in prison," said a Russian girl to me. Such a request would be a startling one from a woman student in America; it was the most natural thing from one in Russia. The Russian women students are reckless both with their own lives and with those of others, and the police dread these women revolutionaries even more than they fear the men.

In happier lands we see the same spirit manifesting itself in better ways. In America, in Great Britain, in Australasia, it manifests itself in the large numbers of women students who throw themselves, during college days and in after life, into social settlement work and into all sorts of movements for social reform.

Socially, politically and morally, women students are a powerful influence in the life of nations to-day; It is no less obvious that they can be a force religiously, and that very specially in the line of foreign missions. In Germany, before the Women Students' Christian Union began, the men members of the German Students' Christian Association were much prejudiced against women students and refused to take any interest in the promotion of a Christian movement amongst them. Cer-' tain of them attended a Student Volunteer Convention in Great Britain, and on their return to Germany recorded their astonishment in their magazine, first, that one-third of the students present at the British Convention had been women; secondly, that they were neither "unweiblich" nor "unverschiimt." Two new ideas had dawned upon them: first, that women students were there in the German universities and were likely to remain, and that it was better that they should be Christian than non-Christian; secondly, that Christian women students could exercise a Christian influence in the schools at home and were sorely needed for medical and educational work in the foreign mission field. On these new ideas they have acted and have given most generous help to the Women Students' Christian Movement.

PROBLEMS OF WOMEN STUDENT LIFE These problems vary so greatly that generalization is difficult. Still, certain main tendencies can be traced, all of which point to the urgent necessity of a strong Christian movement amongst women students.

The women students in many lands are struggling with the difficulties incidental to a transition period in national life in general, or in women student life in particular. In Japan, for example, twenty years ago girls were for the most part educated in the seclusion of their own homes. Now they almost universally attend schools on modern Western lines. Then they remained in their own homes, now they frequently THE GENEVA, SWITZERLAND, Y. W. C. A. HEADQUARTERS have to earn their own living before marriage and are pushed out into many professions and callings. In a few years they have passed from the carefully regulated and sheltered atmosphere of the Japanese home into the freedom of independent girls in the West, but without the traditional safeguards by which these Western girls are surrounded. The old code of manners and morals, all-sufficient for their former circumstances, breaks down when they are plunged alone into the atmosphere of a large city to which they come to study in its school~ and colleges. They know rules for the home, but they know no rules for the street car, the train, the mixed boarding house, the life alone. That their new life is one of difficulties and temptations and great need of wise guidance can easily be imagined. But it is also a life of grave responsibilities, for these girls become teachers and leaders amongst the Japanese women,

and even go abroad to teach the women of New China. It lies with them and their teachers to shape a new cod~ of manners and morals for Japanese women-a code that shall be so founded on the highest principles that it may be sufficient for the life and demands of a new age.

Chinese women are passing through their period of transition even more rapidly than the Japanese. Even. in Europe transitions of the same sort are taking place. In such countries as those of the various Balkan States, women have passed in twenty-five years from almost Oriental seclusion and very limited education to a modern Western woman's life, gymnasium and university education, study abroad, professional careers of various kinds. In the capital cities of the Balkans, twenty years ago, no respectable girl went out alone even in broad daylight; to-day, even late at night, you may see women students and even school girls walking about in the street and in cafes with most absolute freedom. An almost impassable gulf separates the modern girl from her mother. The destinies of the young Balkan nations largely depend on whether a high and healthy social and moral standard will be created and maintained by these same girls who at present are often in a state of social confusion.

The migrations of women students from one land to another form another problem. This is one of the most marked features of the student life of our time. It is not only men but women who, in large numbers, leave their own countries to study away from home. Chinese women are studying in Japan, Chinese. and Japanese women, in fairly large numbers, in North America, and in smaller numbers in Europe. Before the outbreak of the war, American and British women and girls went in many thousands to the European continent not only to the universities, but in still larger numbers to study music and fine art. Perhaps the most interesting and significant of all these migrations was that of women students from Russia and Southeastern Europe. Almost every university in Germany, France, Switzerland and Belgium-that is, every university where the language is French or German-was frequented by girls from Russia, Bulgaria, Roumania, Servia, Greece, Turkey, Armenia, Hungary, Poland and Bohemia. The largest contingents came from Russia and the Balkans, and the largest number in proportion were found in the Swiss universities. In Geneva, probably not less than ninety per cent of the women students were non-Swiss, and the great bulk of them were Slavs.

The presence of those foreign girlS in the universities constitutes a call to the Christian Church in those countries. Many of these girls are young and, to begin with, almost ignorant of the language; many of them are exceedingly poor, and war or revolution in their own lands means the cutting off of supplies from home. In August, 1914, many letters from Switzerland reported hundreds of these women students starving as the result of the outbreak of war. They could receive no money from home, and they knew nothing of the fate of their fathers

STUDENTS OF THE WORLD

and brothers in the army or of their mothers and sisters left behind. The Students' Christian Association organized relief work for them, taking them out in parties to help in reaping the harvest. The care of these girls during the war is still a terrible problem. Even at ordinary times they often suffer terribly from loneliness and isolation, and away from the restraining influences of home custom and tradition, their standards of conduct are apt to be loosened. This is the more the case as it is almost always very difficult for these girls to get lodgings in the better parts of the town, where they are brought into contact with the better elements in the nation. Too often they go back to their own countries to carry a message that Christianity is dead in the West, and to exercise an influence on the younger people in their own lands which is anything but beneficial.

THE PROBLEM OF POVERTY AND HOUSING Not only abroad, but in their own lands, women students often suffer through sheer poverty and lack of healthy surroundings. In Russia, where there are those thousands of women students in one city, the clinics are full of nervous women students broken down through their unhygienic life. One often comes across four or five girls living in one room, always badly ventilated, sharing their bed, books, food, and even clothes, not infrequently having but one meal a day. Almost everywhere, from Tokyo to Paris, the problem of finding rooms at reasonable rates which are safe, both from the hygienic and the moral point of view, is an acute one, and one with which our Student Christian Associations are constantly called on to deal.

In many countries women students have to struggle not only against loneliness and poverty, but also against a political or social environment with which they are in antagonism. The sharpest suffering in the lives of Slav women students, for example, is often due to the eagerness with which they have plunged into movements for social reform or political revolution, only to find them fail. Suicide is startlingly common amongst the students of certain nationalities, and it is very often despair of social reform which drives them to take their own lives. A letter from one of our foyers in Switzerland says: "There has been one suicide this year, a Russian girl who was strong in her studies, but lost courage, living alone, and threw herself from a sixth story. It was horribly sad, and we just longed to have known that she was so depressed, and to have been with her to try and cheer her. So many of these girls have come from the tragedy of Russian life where, full of desire to help, they have been forced to stand aside, their warm hearts torn by the injustice, suffering and the ignorance around them. This compulsory inaction has bred in them a revolt against Christianity in the name of which their country is governed; it is easy to imagine the restlessness and depression of people who suffer and yet are without a basis for their lives and see no hope. In Russia the number of suicides amongst the quite young school girls and students is appalling, and here, too, in Switzerland, each year, living alone in their rooms, some are driven to despair and take their own lives." "In this country, for a foreign student to earn anything is very difficult. The Swiss student can always get lessons to give, but a Slav has no opportunity in Switzerland. There is not enough demand for anything they do–such as massage or giving Latin lessons, and so I am sure that there is a good deal more hunger than I know anything about."

RELIGIOUS DOUBT AND UNBELIEF Behind and before all these various problems of women student life, now the cause of them, now again the effect, lies the religious unrest and uncertainty in which so many women students find them- selves. The causes of unbelief and doubt amongst them vary, of course, immensely. There is first that natural questioning of the teaching and tradition accepted in childhood, which produces a period of religious doubt in the lives of so many students, even those brought up under the happiest Christian influence. Then in non-Christian lands comes that inevitable undermining of belief in the old faiths, the result of contact with the learning of the West, and the vital question, "Will these old faiths be superseded by Western agnosticism or by Christian belief?I!

The difficulties of Chinese, Japanese and Indian women students about religion are rarely colored by Eastern thought. They are Western diffi- culties learned from the West. '

Then, again, in Europe there is an immense amount of rebellion against Christianity amongst women students-that is to say, against Christianity as it is conc~ived to be by the student. Official Christianity has often given her a wholly false notion of the religion of Jesus Christ against which she conscientiously revolts. The Russian student's hatred of Christianity is often largely political: she is a revolutionary and regards the Church as a partner in an oppressive and reactionary alli- ance with the monarchy. The Jewish student all over Europe looks on the Christian Church as the chief agent in the oppression of her race; the Austrian, French and Italian students are bitter against religion as the natural enemy of intellectual freedom and development.

Add to all this the fact that in many universities the professors attack religion as such and that it is widely and generally assumed that belief in Christianity is impossible for any intelligent and educated per- son. How little chance is there for a real Christian faith to survive or develop in such an atmosphere! All this means that women students face the severe problems of their lives, as outlined above, without "an anchor of the soul, sure and steadfast.I! Who can wonder if they make shipwreck I It is far from our desire to paint an exclusively gloomy picture of women student life. Happy and normal women are to be found in the universities everywhere, and in some countries the woman student is probably the happiest type of girlhood in the land. In English-speaking countries, at least, it is this happy type that we know best; it is well, therefore, in a magazine ~uch as this to bring to the notice of the Chris-

STUDENTS OF THE WORLD

tian Church the darker side as it shows itself in certain lands, that the Church may bestir herself to help.

The World's Student Christian Federation has almost from its beginnings taken into account the need for winning women students as well as men for the Kingdom of God. In r896 Christian movements amongst women students were to be found only in the United State~ and Great Britain, and the latter movement was quite in its infancy. To-day South America, Portugal, Roumania, Greece and Belgium are SOME MOSCOW UNIVERSITY STUDENTS Delegates to the Conference of the Russian Christian-Studen(Movement. The men must wear student uniform the only countries where there are any considerable number of women students and no Christian organization whatever amongst them. The existing Christian movements are often very small and working under immense difficulties, but they are there as a leaven, and they are spreading. To all American readers the Women Students' Christian Movement most familiar is, of course, the Student Department of the Young Women's Christian Association, and no one who is acquainted with the work of a college Y. W. C. A. will have any difficulty in getting a general notion of the kind of work which is being promoted by the World's Student Christian Federation in different lands.

How does this movement spread from country to country? Usually, in the first instance, by the visit of a secretary sent by some strong movement to help to pass on the Christian message to the women students of other countries, or through some woman student who has been touched by the Student Christian Movement when studying in some other land. Very frequently the ignorance of what Christianity really stands for is so great amongst women students that the first work of the pioneer'is to hold a series of apologetic or evangelistic meetings for women students; and hers is the supreme joy of proclaiming the Gospel to those who do not really know anything of the truth as it is in Jesus Christ. Such meetings often provoke much opposition, but usually result in the formation of a very small group of those women students who have really found faith in Jesus Christ, and the founding of groups for study, into which groups come those who desire to study the life and teachings of our Lord in the New Testament.

Later on, such groups often develop into Student Christian Associations, and still later a national Women Students' Christian Movement is formed, with national secretaries and summer schools, and so forth; until in some lands where the word "women student" used to be synonymous with "anti-Christian," there is now a strong and continuous witness to Jesus Christ as Lord and Saviour lifted up in every university. And not only are women students growing interested in the evangelization of the world and getting drawn into the Christian movement, but they are also becoming members of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions.

In certain countries, however, notably in non-Christian lands and in countries where the universities are cosmopolitan, circumstances are such that it is almost impossible for the students to begin a Christian movement without considerable help from the students of other lands, either because there are no believing students or because there are so few in proportion to the whole, and they are so very inexperienced. In these cases, either through the Foreign Departments of the Young Women's Christian Association or directly through the World's Student Christian Federation, some of the most experienced secretaries of the stronger Viomen Student Christian Movements have been sent to other lands to spend a few years helping to build up a Christian work amongst women students. Christianity is a vital religion and concerns the whole of life and the Christian Church is called upon to help these pioneer student secretaries by establishing dormitories (or "hostels"), or by starting restaurants, or club houses ("foyers"), to meet their loneliness and lack of friends and of healthy social intercourse, and to provide centres for the holding of Bible classes and other religious meetings.

Christians as

BY REV. FRANCIS 1. DENMAN, D.D., LONDON, ENGLAND I N ancient times some individual Israelites had a deep and true mis- sionary spirit, but it was confined to the few. Numbers of God- fearing Jews who traded around the Great Sea told the Gentiles with whom they came in contact of the mighty God who had done great things for their fathers in Egypt and at the Red Sea. These, however, were the exception.

As time went on, the missionary spirit of the nation died down, until it came to pass, as our Lord said, that the ultra-orthodox Pharisees compassed sea and land to make one proselyte, but the love of Christ was altogether lacking, and their ill-directed efforts had better far have been unattempted.

It was not until after Pentecost that the missionary spirit in Israel was born again in the hearts of those who became Christians. Through the labors of these Hebrew Christian missionaries thousands of Gentiles were converted in a comparatively short time. But the very success of the Church became a source of weakness. The Gentile Christians neglected the Jews and lost the Christ-vision, which had once been its crown of rejoicing. If the Gentiles had not left off evangelizing the Jews, might not our blessed Lord have returned ere now? The labors of the early Hebrew Christian missionaries were most fruitful. Seneca alludes to their success when he writes: "Meantime the customs of this most accursed race have prevailed to such an extent that they are everywhere received. The conquered have imposed their laws on their conquerors." It could hardly be otherwise expected in a people to whom the Lord had directly said: "Ye shall be witnesses unto Me-to the uttermost part of the earth" (Acts i. 8).

Tradition reports that St. Peter, though strictly a minister of the circumcision, went to Babylon, where Christianity made considerable progress j also that St. Andrew went through the greater part of Asia Minor preaching the Gospel, and then on to the steppes of Scythia; that later on he went to Greece and evangelized Patras on the Gulf of Corinth. The Church of England recognizes the missionary spirit of St. Andrew amongst the Gentiles by setting apart his festival (November 30th) as a special day for Intercession for Foreign Missions. It is said of John, the brother of James, that after his exile he retired to Ephesus, where he trained Polycarp, Ignatius, Papias and others. Two of his letters in the New Testament are presumably written to Gentile Christians-the Of.le to the elect Kyria and the other to Gaius, a Roman convert. Of Philip, Bartholomew and Matthew little is known, except that they preached the Gospel to the Gentiles throughout Phrygia,

Egypt, Ethiopia and India. As to Thomas, a Christian community, living on the coast of Malabar, recognizes him as its founder. Barnabas sold his landed estate and became an honorary missionary to the Gentiles. In after years it is said that he became Bishop of Milan and was the means of the conversion of Clement of Rome.

HEBREW CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY SUCCESS Speaking generally, the early Hebrew Christians fulfilled in their generation the lViaster's last command. Through them China heard . the Gospel as India had done. The N estorian Church, founded by Jew· ish converts, still exists in China, and their work did much to arrest the westward march of Buddhism, which had thrown out its columns as far as Alexandria and Antioch even before the Christian era. The break- ing up of the serried ra.nks of Gnosticism and Manicheeism, which owed so much of their evil influence to Buddhist doctrines, was also due to Hebrew Christians. Yet more, it was their spiritual power and their well-trained intellects that repelled the mighty forces of Mithraism, the greatest foe the Christian faith has ever had to meet, equaling, if not surpassing, in its day the more modern Moslem menace.

In Africa there are remains of churches of marked Jewish Chris- tian character. Amidst the remnants of ancient beliefs and superstitions in that dark land one can see traces of truth, once held in its entirety, showing that the peoples had once known the true faith. This knowl- edge must have been received by early Jewish itinerating missionaries who taught the natives to believe in the God of Israel who had done such great things in Egypt and such wonders in the land of Ham.

Owing to the scattering of the Jews in the year 70, and the break- up of the Jewish state, the Gentiles gradually became the chief factors in the Church, and soon the Jews were ignored. St. Paul's warning (Romans xi. 18-22) became an ominous reality. The Gentiles within the fold became proud and the Jew outside the Church grew still more hardened in heart. As a natural result a mist of ignorance began to arise, culminating in the Dark Ages. The Reformation, which rescued and renewed a part of the Church, was largely due to the Jews. The writings of Nicholas de Lyra, a Christian Jew, gave new life to Luther, and there are hundreds of Jewish converts who have been a blessing to the Christian Church whose names are known. Amongst these was Emmanuel Tremellius, the story of whose conversion is full of thrilling interest. He was brought to England to help in drawing up the Church of England Book of Common Prayer. Another was Cardinal Ximenes, who founded the University of Alcala de Henares, in Spain, and there compiled the first polyglot Bible, published in 15 I 7, the influence of which reached many Gentile homes and brought life through the Word to many a Spanish soul. Amongst other mighty translators, Bishop Isaac Schereschewsky, missionary to China and Japan, has excelled all.

CHRISTIANS AS MISSIONARIES 28

His versions of the Bible, both in Wen-Ii and Mandarin, enable over three hundred million Chinese to read the Word of God in their own tongue.

HEBREW CHRISTIANS IN MODERN MISSIONARY WORK SO many Jewish converts have Gentilized or disguised their names so successfully that it makes it extremely difficult to follow their missionary work. They became merged in the Church, and their Jewish origin was never known. The late Hudson Taylor of the China Inland Mission said that there was not a single well-known missionary society that had not at least one convert from Judaism in its ranks, adding that one of his most faithful workers was of Hebrew birth (Mrs. Ewing, nee Edith Lucas). The Church Missionary Society has had many Jewish converts in its service amongst the Gentiles. Paul Louis Sandberg labored in Benares and was the author of valuable books. G. A. W. Schapira went out to Sierra Leone, and was later transferred to Palestine, where he founded the Gaza mission. Contemporary with him was Ellis Meyers, who was sent in 1878 to Amritsar to work under Robert Clark. Bernhard Maimon, who labored in the United States and in Canada, eventually joined the Church Missionary Society, and opened the Bagdad mission for work amongst Moslems. Many such pioneers in the mission field have been Hebrew Christians. Another notable Church Missionary Society missionary was the Rev. Max Gerson, "one of the ablest missionaries we had in Bengal," whose sudden death after an operation was an untold loss in the evangelization of both Hindus and Moslems.

The London Missionary Society has had several Jewish converts in its ranks. Amongst these are Joseph Frey, who eventually joined the London Jews' Society, and in later life established the Society for Promoting Christianity amongst the Jews. Julius Kessler worked at Ankadiberara in Madagascar. Bettelheim, a medical missionary in China, died a martyr's death at the hands of the Chinese. The London City Mission has also had many Hebrew Christians on its rolls as workers amongst Gentiles. Amongst those belonging to other churches than these in England is a remarkable man, William Gifford Palgrave, better known as Pere Cohen. After his conversion he went up to Oxford, took his degree, and then went into the army, where in his evangelistic zeal he used to preach to the soldiers, until stopped by his superior officer. He then went over to the Jesuits, who induced him to enter their college in Rome, and when a new head of this Order was wanted in the East he was elected.

Of Jewish converts in lands outside England and the United States who were called to Gentile missionary work, the following are amongst the more well known: Van Orden, a Dutch Jew, who labored in San Paolo in South America; Eugenius Hartvig, a Swedish Jew, whose conversion was first due to hearing a criminal cry out whilst being beaten,

"Jesus, thou Son of David, have mercy on me!" and who became a missionary in Antigua, winning many souls for Christ; Leon Cachet, another Dutch Jew, who gained many converts in South Africa, where he formed eight parishes; the Rev. A. D. Salmon, who went out to Tahiti and married a cousin of QCleen Pomare; the Rev. Isidor Loewenthal, who labored in Afghanistan and translated the New Testament into Pushtu. It was said that if he had not been a missionary he might have become a statesman, and that in his death, India, where he afterward worked, had lost one of the greatest minds that had ever been a blessing to that country. He was accidentally shot by his servant on his roof, who supposed he was a thief. Elkin was a worker in the South American Missionary Society, and there are many others. Nor must the honored name of the Rev. John Moses Eppstein, for over fifty years a missionary of the London Jews' Society be forgotten, who, besides baptizing 262 Jews and J ewesses, when he was in Bagdad was the means of the conversion of several Moslems, one of whom became a teacher in his boys' school.

As a worker amongst Roman Catholics, few men have been more blessed than the Rev. Solomon L. Ginsburg in Brazil. In 191 I he planned a campaign to win a thousand souls for Christ; before the year had ended, 850 had been converted, whilst about 500 gave signs of a changed life. As in the days of the Acts of the Apostles, "so mightily grew the Word of God, and prevailed," and again it was through a Hebrew Christian's missionary work amongst Gentiles. There are besides these, hundreds of Hebrew Christians who have become ministers in Christian churches and hundreds of others who have been missionaries to their Jewish brethren.

HEBREW MISSIONARY GENIUS As a people the Jews have specially and above all others been set apart by God as missionaries, and as such He has prospered their labors abundantly. They undoubtedly have physical and mental endowments which in the hands of God peculiarly fit them for evangelizing. Perseverance, acquisitiveness, assimilation, intuition, intellect, knowledge of the human heart, innate religious instincts-these are invaluable assets which the Jews possess; and when they become Christians and dedicate these God-endowed talents to His holy service, they have abundantly proved themselves to be the greatest missionaries the world has ever beheld. If these things be seen in the dry tree of the Jewish peoples' life, what will it be in the green, when the sap of the Holy Spirit is coursing through the new Christ-filled life of the whole nation? "Their seed shall be known among the Gentiles, and their offspring among the people: all that see them shall acknowledge them, that they are the seed which the Lord hath blessed" (Isaiah lxi. 9).

Conditions in

BY REV. ALVARO REIS, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL Dr. Reis is one of the outstanding Christians in Brazil and is pastor af the leading Presbyterian Church in Ria. He 'Was a delegate to the Latin-American Congress in Panama.-EDIToR.

BRAZIL is by no means devoid of external evidences of religion. Such evidences are, if anything, too common. Southbound steam- ship passengers, long before they reach Brazil, see in the heavens at night the beautiful constellation "The Southern Cross," which might be expected to indicate that the part of the planet lighted by this beautiful constellation ought to be inhabited by Christians who are grateful to God for His having given them the privilege of living in such a fertile and delightful part of the world.

Brazil, at first sight, seems to be the most religious country on the globe. The first thing to attract the attention, as travelers approach any of its port cities, is the number of tall spires, each bearing on high a cross. In these cities are many great and beautiful churches and chapels j crosses and crucifixes appear on every side, in the public squares, on street corners, along country roads, and on the tops of hills. By the roadside, wherever a murder has been committed, a cross is raised at once. Later the spot becomes sanctified, then a place of miracle-working, and finally the site for a chapel or a church.

Brazilian Roman Catholics generally wear, hung from the neck, a rosary, a kind of necklace or string of beads, having 180 beads of various sizes. The larger beads designate each a Lord's Prayer (Padre N ossa), while the smaller ones designate, some a Hail Mary (Ave Maria), and others a Glory to the Father (Gloria Patri). A complete rosary is composed of fifteen so-called mysteries, which in turn have each one Lord's Prayer, ten Hail Marys, and one Glory to the Father! The Catholic believer must say these 180 prayers at least once each day by means of the rosary, and it is to remind him of this obligation that he wears it round his neck. To this rosary they frequently add other objects, such as small medals with an effigy of the Virgin Mary, the Co- Redeemer of sinners, as they say j medals of Saint Sebastian, the preserver against pests; Saint Braz, preserver against accidents; eyes of Saint Lucy for such as do not wish to suffer from diseases of the eye; a pendant representing a closed fist, called figa, and the signet of Solomon for such as fear evil eyes and the effects of witches' charms. Besides all these pendants from the rosary, many use scapularies and small cases in which are kept sacred relics of miraculous power, and most important of all, there must always be a small cross or crucifix! The relic cases contain so-called relics of the martyrs, such as a few hairs, cuttings of finger-nails, pieces of the Holy Cross, or some small

pieces of bones. If it were possible to gather together all the fragments of the cross of Christ scattered among the millions of Roman Catholics, not to speak of those in certain temples in Europe which claim the possession of the true and only entire cross on which Christ died-if it were possible to gather together all these fragments, they would be sufficient to make hundreds of such crosses!

Many people seem to be fully aware of this deceit as to relics, but in true resignation they say: "Faith is of more value than the wood of the ship 1" This popular proverb came into being as follows: a certain devout woman requested her son, on his departure on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, to bring her a fragment of the true cross on which Christ died. Having forgotten completely the errand, in the midst of his many diverting experiences, he decided when on his way home to cut off a small piece of wood from the ship which, without any conscientious scruples, he called the Holy Wood, and gave to his mother. This fragment became, strange to say, of miraculous power, and when the delusion became known gave rise to the proverb: "Faith is of more value than the wood of the ship I"

Material evidences of religion in Brazil abound on every side. On the streets scores of priests are recognizable at once by their strange costume, and also by their closely shaven faces and the shaven crown of the head.

Some of the customs of the Roman Catholic people quickly attract attention. When a Catholic passes a priest on the street, he almost kneels as he kisses the hand and receives the blessing of the representative of Rome. When one passes the door of a church, he reverently removes his hat, and when a funeral passes, he takes off his hat and crosses himself. When a Catholic is greatly startled by anything, he calls on Saint Braz with a quick exclamation, and crosses himself; at nightfall, when he hears the church bell announcing the hour of Ave Maria, he uncovers his head and mechanically recites that prayer. Even when he yawns, for some reason, I know not why, he makes the sign of the cross with his thumb in front of his open mouth!

In spite of these many religious forms, the truth is that the great majority of the people have no religion at all. The rosary on the shoulders with its many pendants is a sign of religion, but as a rule the Brazilian Catholic goes to bed at night, and arises in the morning, without any form of prayer at all. The Roman Church is exacting as to confession, and every true Catholic ought to confess at least once a year, or else he excommunicated, and sent to hell; but people no longer fear excommunication, and rare, indeed, are the educated Catholics who go to confession.

The chief part of the Roman Catholic worship is the mass, which is often attended on Sundays as a socia1 and business rendezvous. In certain churches the music played at mass is so worldly in character that the daily press has been obliged to censure it publicly, as has happened

in the very city of Rio de Janeiro. Most of the clergy besides being very poorly educated are. often decidedly mercenary, and make the church a veritable business organization. All acts of worship are subjected to bargaining, and the price depends on the pomp or display desired. One of the first cares of parents is to baptize the child, for Brazilian Catholics believe that to die unbaptized is to die pagan and to be eternally lost. But to baptize the child, there must needs be compensation to the priest. Later on the child must be confirmed, and this ceremony also demands payment! When the young man desires to marry, he must needs pay again, besides confession to the priest before the ceremony is performed. If there happens to be any blood relationship between the contracting parties (inasmuch as it is a sin for relatives to marry), he must pay again, and heavily, in order to remove this impediment. It is only a question of paper dispensation or rather a question of money. When a Catholic comes to die, if the family wishes the priest to go to the funeral, besides being given a carriage in which to ride, he must be paid a good fee. If the man has confessed his sins, and been absolved; if he has been properly anointed with oil, and has died even while hearing long prayers; if he has a holy candle in his dying hand, and a crucifix at his lips; certainly such a good Catholic should go straight to Heaven! But such is not the case. The soul goes to purgatory, where the only difference from hell is that the latter is eternal, while purgatory is only temporary. There is no way whereby any Catholic (no matter how saintly he may have been) may escape this terrible place of torment! All go there, even the most holy Popes. And the worst of it is that no one knows when the poor soul will get out. I remember reading a notice of a mass being said for the soul of a man who had been dead forty years; and last year in the city of Rio de J aneiro mass was said for the repose of the soul of Pope Pius Ninth I So complete is the lack of real religious feeling among the Brazilians that Dr. Julio Maria, the most celebrated of our priests of the present day, declared in the Cathedral of Rio, in an address, that the Brazilian people are really atheistic people! Note well that he did not say the cultured classes, nor the aristocracy, he did not say the middle classes, but he said the people. In the face of the social results of a practically atheistic people, Julio Maria said further: "In Brazil everything is great, except man."

What is the cause of such spiritual and moral decadence of the Brazilian people? The cause is found in the Roman clergy, who, besides being covetous and poorly prepared intellectually, are generally immoral in character, given over to dissolution and licentiousness, practised even in broad daylight. They are celibates by solemn vow, but live notoriously as if they had never made such a vow! The scandals of immoral life on the part of the clergy are very frequently registered and commented upon by the daily press and the illustrated weeklies and reVIews.

The priestly class has fallen so low in public estimation that Brazilian young men very rarely, indeed, embrace this as a career. With such a priesthood, how would it be possible for society to progress morally and spiritually? In any land the greatest handicap to religious progress is the lowering of standards of the religious leaders. This is especially true when, in addition to failure in setting a good example, they fail to teach the sanctifying doctrine of Christ, and do not give the people the Word of God.

In Brazil the people not only are practically without religion, but the religion they claim to possess they do not understand. Ask anyone in Brazil why he is a Catholic, and his reply will usually be-: "Because I was born in that religion," or: "Because it is the religion of my fathers." The Roman Catholic Church in Brazil, as a rule, has no Sunday-schools j the clergy, with rare exceptions, never even teach the catechism to the children of their parishes. The least known of all subjects in Brazil, from the lowest to the cultured classes, is that of religion.

The majority of the people are indifferent members of the Catholic Church. A cultured minority is frankly infidel, another minority is devoutly Catholic, even superstitiously so, and one and one-half per cent. of the population is Protestant.

Thank God, through the instrumentality of evangelical teachers from North America and Great Britain, the light begins to shine in darkness! The Gospel in its purity is being proclaimed, and the power of the Holy Spirit begins to fulfil these words of hope: "The people that sat in darkness have seen a great light." Even in this phenomenon of the acceptance of the Gospel, Brazil is on the road of progress. The blessed work of missionaries is bearing fruit j it must be continued and augmented j and soon Brazil will be theoretically and practicalIy- Christian.

THE GIFTS THAT ENDURE Carve your name high over shifting sand, Where the steadfast rocks defy decay- All you can hold in your cold, dead hand Is what you have given away.

Build you a pyramid skyward and stand Gazed at by millions, cultured they say- All you can hold in your cold, dead hand Is what you have given away.

Count your wide conquests of sea and of land, Heap up the gold, and hoard as you may- All you can hold in your cold, dead hand Is what you have given away.

BY MISS BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW

DOWN WITH THE LILLIPUTIAN HERESY BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, COLUMBIA, S. C.

EVER since the days of the Church session," may be as earnest as the little • Fathers heresies have crept into the prayer for our own little circle. Church. There is a popular heresy of our day, not yet written down in any One of the first steps to be taken in text-book of theology, but a heresy the extermination of the Lilliputian nevertheless, and one that is retarding Heresy is the enlargement of our workour missionary progress. ing force. Not half of our church mem- bers are enlisted in the missionary work, Some one has called ;'~ the Lilliputian yet we go on planning our meetings for Heresy. We women are largely respon- the same little circle. Why [;ot enlarge sible for it. We have haloed things of the circle by bringing in others? Lilliputian dimensions, and have petted the idea that gifts and service which A CALL FOR ENLARGEMENT would seem niggardly in any other realm become most magnanimous if they be for Getting More People "In Itn missions. We have cornered the term "little" for missionary usage. Our form During a series of missionary meetof invitation has become "We want you ings in New Orleans, I was talking with to join us in a little missionary meeting." a little tot on the car. Thinking I was We ask for "a little gift," and for "a giving her a bit of news and an original little service." We invite speakers to invitation, I said: "We are going to make "a little talk," and we even suggest have some missionary stories and picthat "we will now be led in a little tures for the children to-night, and I prayer." want to give you a special invitation to be there." "Be there?" she replied with It is habit, but it is heretical habit. much the same tone the President might We are almost arriving at the point of use upon receiving an invitation to the assuming that a thing that is big must Annual White House Reception-"Be be bad in missionary circles, while some there? Why, I'm in it." That night suspicion attaches to the meetings which she sat up front and sang lustily in the offer no rows of empty pews to vindicate chorus, to which the lecture and pictures their orthodoxy. were but incidentals. Some of us are so used to being "in it" ourselves that I do not despise the day of small we make little effort to get others "in it." things, but do despise most heartily this Nine women are "out of it" for every belittling of the greatest work in the woman who is "in it," when it comes to world. missionary work. Some of us pious, overworked martyrs, who gloat over such It is quite possible for us to enlarge encomiums as "She did the work of ten our missionary circle without destroying women" ought to be ashamed of ourthe piety of the original little group. selves. No head can wear ten crowns. The gift of a million may carry with it No woman should rob nine other women the same measure of love and consecra- of the joy and blessing of doing their tion as the gift of a mite. A prayer big own work and winning and wearing enough to take in the great world cir- their own crowns. Be satisfied with documference marked out by Him who ing the work of one woman, but be said, "Ask of Me and I will give thee diligent in finding the other nine or the heathen for thine inheritance and the uttermost parts of the earth for thy pos-

ninety and nine and helping them to find instead of appointing all of our meettheir own work and to do it. This may ings at impossible hours for them and be the more difficult task, but this is then berating them for not attending t your work. The martyr missionary leader who opens the church, arranges "Here Comes the Bride" the chairs, conducts the meeting, plays the organ, leads the singing, and is in Everybody welcomes the bride-everythe majority in program rendition is body except the missionary society. Parchief on the Continuation Committee of ties and receptions there are on every the Lilliputian Heresy. Make the suc- hand, at every hour, and she gets into cess of your meetings depend on just as everything-everything except the mismany people as possible, not on one sionary society. When the bride comes, woman only. why should she not come into the mis- sionary society? Try a monthly or a Gifts Differing-Some Hostesses quarterly or whenever necessary recep- tion to the brides. Get your society to Not every woman can address a meet- present a year's subscription to your ing. Hearers there would be none if all missionary magazine to every bride. were speakers. One society greatly increased its attendance and added tre- Under-Twenty and Over-Sixty mendously to its efficiency by what Meetings seemed the very simple thing of appointing two hostesses for each meeting. The Sometimes the meetings are a bit old meetings were held in the parish build- and tiresome for the girls who attend or ing, but the hostesses were charged with who should attend. Try an Underas much responsibility as if they were to Twenty Meeting, with no one over receive their friends at a reception in twenty on the program. Let the girls do their own home. Those who attended everything. Very frequently our older the missionary meetings soon acquired women are so efficient, the young the air of expectant interest common to ones never get a chance to learn how. I reception guests. The long-drawn sigh cannot make cake. I think I might have which had formerly accompanied the re- learned this delectable art, but my minder, "Oh, dear, this is the day for mother made such perfect cake and my missionary meeting," was heard no more older sister never failed, so no one in the land. The room was transformed thought of wasting any eggs and butter by decorations in keeping with the pro- on me. It would be better for us to gram for each day. Daintily kimonoed waste a meeting or two rather than not maidens welcomed the members to the have our girls and young women take Japan meeting. Children from many hold of the work. We would likely lands, with their bright costumes, gave find however, that the meetings would coloring to another meeting. Each pro- be far from wasted and that new life gram had its own attractive setting, and would be imparted to them. One of two more women, with the host of as- the most far-reaching additions which sistants' they enlisted, were "in it" each could be made to the national campaigns month. of the Laymen's Missionary Movement would be meetings for boys under A Business Woman's Division twenty. Then have an Over-Sixty Meeting. The change in the choir and Many women there are who simply other program features would be recannot attend a meeting at the time- freshing and some of the older women honored, customary hour of 3.30 P.M. might be brought in or kept from slip- Our circle would not be so little if we ping out. had a thought for them and arranged a meeting at six-thirty with a lunch,. or Giving the Musicians a Chance at eight without a lunch. What an Impetus would be given the King's business Who can ever think of the Northfield if we really enlisted our business women Conferences without thinking of that wonderful choir of girls? They have helped to make the Conference and the

METHODS

Conference has helped to make them. that our successors, the children, are not We wonder why we did not think of it in the neglected area. "Every woman sooner. Why not think now of having a member of the missionary society" will a smaller choir of girls for smaller meet- not be realized until we begin with ings? Why not a children's choir? "Every child in missionary training." Give the musicians a chance to be "in it." Not long ago a prominent soloist Reaching Outsiders was asked to sing at a missionary meeting. She did it with wonderful effect- One of the great~st results of the iveness and thanked the leader for giv- Jubilee meetings was the bringing in of ing her the chance. Be sure of your women who had formerly seen the missinger and of her song, however. Some sionary circle only from the outside. We selections can kill any meeting. A sec- had gotten into the habit of planning retaryof the Laymen's Mission~ry Meet- our meetings year after year for those ing came home some time ago with his who were "in it." The Jubilee meetings head bowed in despair. "For three suc- came along with their big program and cessive Sundays," he said, "in three dif- their wide sweep and enlisted some of ferent churches, I have tried my level the best workers the cause has ever had. best to get our laymen stirred up to do Some time ago a convention was being something in mission work. I have sat planned for a Southern city. The usual me down to mop the perspiration from addresses and discussions were planned my brow while the choir arose and to reach the usual attendants. A memsoftly sang 'Come unto me and I will ber of the program committee raised the give you rest.''' The woman who question as to whether we had a right knows how to make everything count in to go into a city, receive its hospitality programs selects suitable music. for days and give nothing in return. She proposed that a meeting be planned A rtists "In It/' Too to which the whole city be invited. No church would hold such an audience, so "Eighty-five per cent of all we know she suggested that the meeting be held we learn through the eye," we glibly in a large theatre. "You simply cannot quote from the psychologists, and get outsiders to a missionary meeting," straightway plan our missionary work some one protested. "If we do not on the bare fifteen per cent possibility. make the attempt, how will we ever get The woman who talks is not the only our message to ou tsiders and give them disseminator of missionary intelligence. a chance to become 'insiders'?" urged the woman with the big idea. The How do we know that "It floats"? meeting was planned. Frequent clever press notices aroused a general interest. From what speaker have we acquired The director of music in the city schools the knowledge of "57 varieties"? What was enlisted to train a chorus of chillecture course has disseminated the uni- dren and young people. A young newsversally accepted fact that "Children paper reporter asked to be 3$signed that cry for it"? We have simply seen it meeting, but the interest had spread so posted and printed until we are per- that his chief answered, "My little girl suaded of it. Charts, posters, mottoes! has been talking about it so much, I Let us have more of them on our walls. think I'll go round myself." Mary Present to the women who long to ad- Pickford never turned away more disdress audiences, but cannot speak, the appointed throngs than were turned opportunity of systematic education af- away that afternoon after every seat had forded by the bare walls of the Sunday- been taken. I t was a big meeting, and school and missionary society. it was not a bad one, either.

Neglected A rea Survey Missionary Story Hour Conduct one freely to determine what Another house was similarly packed kinds and classes of women and what when the children of a city were invited individuals we are not providing for in our enlistment campaigns. Make sure

for an hour of hero stories. Many chil- paign big enough to reach every church dren who had never had an interior and all the colleges. A Normal Trainview of a missionary meeting, and who ing Class for Leaders was conducted in had an impression that all missionaries the fall. A directory containing the do is to be good and die early, listened names and addresses of presidents of spellbound to stories of the finest hero- missionary organizations and of every ism to which they had ever been intro- Sunday-school teacher in the city was duced. prepared. Invitations to a Sunday after- noon meeting in the interest of Mission During Missionary Week at the Study were printed. On the preceding Monteagle Chautauqua the missionary Sunday the committee, by twos, called leaders arranged for the telling of mis- on the officers and teachers as listed, exsionary stories at the regular morning plaining the purpose of the meeting and story hour which was attended by chil- placing in the hands of each a sufficient dren of the entire summer colony. If number of invitations to be given perwe were keenly alive to the enlargement sonally to each member of the different of our circle, we would get missionary organizations and classes. The Universtories into our books and see that they sity of South Carolina, the colleges, and were among the stories told at our the Y. W. and Y. M. C; A. were interlibraries. ested. A university professor presided and the University Quartet led the Reaching Every High-School Girl music. Scores of people who came were and Boy unable to get in the large theatre which was packed to the doors. After brief Robert E. Speer was in Columbia addresses, enrollment cards were dis- tributed. These cards were signed and some time ago. He might have come afterwards turned over to the churches there and gone, having touched only the indicated. Twelve hundred and ninety theological students for whom his lec- people were enrolled for classes as the ture course was planned, but a city result of that campaign. school teacher had a big idea. She kept hammering away at her idea until it Inside Secrets of Big Meetings took shape and the Superintendent of City Schools marched every boy and girl The managers of one of our summer of high-school age into an auditorium, conferences were greatly troubled bewhere they sat most willingly for an cause they could not get the people of hour, held by the matchless story of Ion the town to attend their platform meet- Keith Falconer, with the tremendous ings. They thought a woman was prommissionary appeal made in its telling. ising the impossible when she agreed to put standing room at a premium for a Getting Missions in the Federation of missionary lecture. The speaker made Women's Clubs no change in her lecture, but planned an exercise and a children's chorus to Addresses on every phase of women's accompany it. With mathematical preactivity at our State Federation-except cision she estimated that if fifty children the greatest of these, missions. Why not were in the chorus, an attendance of have a compelling address by the best fifty-two was thereby guaranteed-inmissionary speaker obtainable? Many cluding the lecturer and the pianist. of our most gifted women have never Then, just so as to avoid all risk, she heard the appeal of the greatest work in put the meeting well after dark and, the world. Study clubs and lecture reckoning on a necessary escort to the courses on books ancient, medieval, and chorus, added fifty more to her calculamodern! Why not get our women's tions. Allowing for shrinkage in clubs interested in Mission Study? escorts in the case of two children from the same family, but counting on A City-Wide Mission Study Campaign parents, grandparents, uncles, aunts and Our city had been having a little Mission Study for years. Last year we decided to have a Mission Study Cam-

cousins, she told the janitor to have complete and capable editorial service as chairs ready. They were all needed- have the society women! The Fedeveryone of them, and more. erated Boards could syndicate enough thrilling stories from their missions, that Keeping Missions Before the Public all of the newspapers would recognize as live stuff, to run one every week. An Whose fault is it that news of the Associated Press of the Federated greatest work in the world is confined Boards could furnish a national news to such a little circle? In the press service which would reach thousands of work for a laymen's convention in a interested workers and interest hun- Southern city I was arranging for space dreds of thousands yet unreached, if we with the editor of one of the dailies. could only put down the Lilliputian He told me we could have all the space Heresy. for which we furnished "live stuff the people want." Then he smiled a pe- LILLIPUTIAN GIFTS culiar smile and said : "For a year or so I ran several columns of religious copy Belittling Our Cause to Secure the. once a week. One week it was left out Public's Cash through an oversight. Nobody kicked. The next week I left it out on purpose, To the outside public a woman's misand waited to see what would happen. sionary society is a clever scheme for Nothing happened. That's why I have the extraction oismall coin. The outnever run it since. If it had been mar- side public has had, in times not yet ket quotations or the sporting page or altogether past, some foundation for its society notes, my ph(me would have rung conclusions. The lone oyster swimming half of the night. We give the people in a bowl of soup priced at twenty-five what they want." cents, the magnifying glass necessary to find the ice cream on the plate at a mis- When women are just as much inter- sionary supper are become matters of ested in knowing that a missionary meet- popular jest. We have belittled our ing is to be held as that "the bride is to cause thinking to enlarge our coffers. wear real lace which was her grand- We have asked women to eat a plate of mother's, and pearls, the gift of the ice cream whom we should have asked groom," then editors will give space to to support a mission station or to enmissionary news-if we get it to them. dow a hospital. We have cajoled and wheedled dimes and quarters from men I heard an editor of a great daily say, whom we might have led to giving seri- "Your mission boards pigeonhole news ous consideration to sending out a misfor months that we new:;paper men sionary. We have doled out pennies would wire in as a scoop." We note and nickels and dimes ourselves, and by the daily press that Mrs. Archibald then ended our reports with, "She hath von Chancellor is soon to visit Mrs. done what she could." I have never yet Beverly Randolph Sloan. A few days heard a treasurer's report at a woman's later we note that Mrs. Archibald von missionary convention which reached an Chancellor is visiting Mrs. Beverly Ran- average too Lilliputian to merit this as dolph Sloan. Still later we are in- a final quotation, along with an expectformed that Mrs. Archibald von Chan- ant reference to "that welcome plaudit, cellor, who has been visiting Mrs. 'Well done, good and faithful servant.' " Beverly Randolph Sloan, has returned to her home. Three runs for Mrs. At the annual missionary meeting in Archibald von Chancellor's visit, in its a rural church, a full-grown person, future, present, and past tenses, yet John masculine gender, approaching six feet G. Paton once spoke twelve miles from in stature, cast into the treasury his anme and I did not know it. Oh, that nual gift. I was near him and noted some missionary hostess had been as that the coin was a brown one. He eager for the world to hear of her guest smiled and said to me, "Well, I guess as was Mrs. Beverly Randolph Sloan! the Lord always blesses the widow's Oh, that the missionary women had as mite." I think the Lord knew he was

not a widow and that He pronounced ful. She would not have considered givno encomiums on the mite given by a ing a little of her time, but she did conprosperous landowner, yet we have coun- sider giving her life, and she is in China tenanced that sort of thing for so long to-day. that the most counterfeited character in the Bible is the poor widow. We The Supreme Test should ask for larger gifts. A board secretary called on a woman and, with The greatest givers are those who some hesitation, asked for a contribution give their sons and daughters to bear of $75 for a scholarship for one boy in the message glorious. N a one can read Japan. She gave him $4,000 to erect the story of Horace Tracy Pitkin heroa new dormitory for many boys. Not ically yielding up his life in China in long ago a man declined to give a con- the Boxer uprising and think of the tribution of a single dollar for missions. cause which claimed him as little, yet he A few months later he was asked for elevated it to the supremest heights when $500 to make possible the opening of a he sent to his little boy this message: chapel. He wrote a check for that "Tell little Horace that his father's last amount. Our little requests do not wish is that when he is twenty-one he arouse a great interest. Our methods should come out to China." Dr. John have tended to making patrons and Scudder, giving up his practice in New patronesses instead of training stewards. York to go out to India, magnifies the "We have now come to the most un- work in our eyes, but there comes to us pleasant part of our program," said a the realization of the overwhelming missionary chairman at a finance session. greatness of it when we see such a man Why should it be unpleasant? Only consecrate to it everyone of his gifted because we have belittled it and made it sons and daughters, rejoicing as each so. One of our greatest joys should be heard and answered the call. in helping people to invest their money in the Kingdom. The time has been when mothers and fathers have felt shame if no son of Big Drafts on Time and Service theirs went forth to war. The time is coming when Christian mothers and Our demands for service are so lit- fathers will feel a greater shame if they tle that we seldom get beyond asking have given neither son nor daughter "tJ for "odd moments" and "spare time." follow in His train." Women have reached wonderful heights in devotion and in service, but only to Great Strength for a Great Task the causes which have demanded great things of them. A cause which de- Three boys played on a Virginia hillmands "only ten cents a month" and side. A huge boulder came crashing "what time you can spare" is never go- down, pinning one boy to the ground. ing to enlist a woman for any sublime His two comrades looked helplessly at self-sacrifice or heroic service. A board the great rock. Then they looked at secretary was at a college reception. their fellow, and without a question "Who is the girl sitting over there?" they put their shoulders against the he asked of the president. "Our vale- boulder. It gave a little. They pushed dictorian, and the brightest girl in the again and again, until the prisoner was class." "We need her for China," said free. The next day two men tried to the secretary. The president smiled at move the rock and could not. Neither the improbability of it, but the secretary could the boys move it again. With insisted on meeting the girl. He had the great demand had come a great purlearned to ask people for great things pose and a great strength. In each life for God, and in his first sentence to there is undreamed-of power which will the valedictorian he proposed that she never be manifest until some big demand give her life to China. The girl was is made on it. surprised, then resentful, then thought- Down with the Lilliputian Heresy! Let us give ourselves and ask others for that which is greatest of all.

Woman's Federation

EDITED BY MRS. WILLIAM H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY THE EDITOR'S MESSAGE a fuller development of resources, and a truer conception of the scope and purpose of T HE interest of those who read this Woman's Work for missions. BULLETIN centers naturally in the III. MEETINGS annual meeting that was held on Janu- The Federation shall hold annual meetings ary 12th at Garden City. Detailed re- for conference and the transaction of busi- ness, preferably in January, in or near New ports of committees, and the addresses York City. The meeting may be held else- where once in three or four years, if so orof afternoon and evening sessions, will dered.

be printed here as fully and as rapidly IV. MEMBERSHIP as space permits. I. Any 'Voman's Foreign Mission Board of an evangelical church agreeing to co-op- The constitution and by-laws, tested erate in the purpose and work of the organ- ization, and paying an annual fee based upon by a year of life, polished, amended and its annual income, may belong to the Fed- eration. adopted with evident enthusiam and 2. The Woman's Foreign Mission Boards pride, can now demonstrate the fine of each denomination shall be related to the Federation as one body. qualities of democracy, progressiveness (I) Each Board, or group of Boards and practical workableness. May the representing a denominational body, whose annual income for foreign misnew executive committee feel the loyal sions is $250,000, or more, may send to the meetings of the Federation four offisupport in prayer and work of every cers and ten accredited delegates.

"missionary woman"! May the new (2) Each Board, or group of Boards representing a denominational body, editor receive also much "copy," helpful whose annual income for foreign mis- sions is $100,000, or more, but less than criticism and sympathetic patience from $250,000, may send four officers and five accredited delegates. all members of the Federation. (3) Each Board whose annual income We print in this issue the constitu- for foreign missions is $25,000, or more, but less than $100,000, may send three tion, and in the May REVIEW the by- officers and two delegates.

laws will appear. The changes that (4) Each Board whose annual income for foreign missions is less than $25,000 have been made are intended to safe- may send two delegates.

guard and develop the influence of the 3. The Woman's Union Missionary Soci- ety and the Foreign Department of the Y. W. smaller Boards. For instance, a Board C. A. National Board shall bear the same relation to the Federation as do the denomwhose annual income for foreign mis- inational Boards.

sions is less than $25,000 may send two The Student Volunteer Movement shall be entitled to two delegates. delegates, and will pay only $5 in an- 4. Each Board belonging to the Federation nual dues to the Federation. And each shall appoint one woman, preferably an offi- cer, who shall be the means of communica- Board not represented on the Executive tion between the Executive Committee and her Board. She shall be known as the "Fed- Committee may not only have a Fed- eration Representative."

eration Representative as a means of V. OFFICERS communication between that committee The officers of the Federation shall be a President, a Vice-President, Secretary and and her Board, but may also have the Treasurer. (The Secretary may also be the Treasurer if desired.) privilege of sending her to sit as a vot- ing member of the Executive Com- mittee. G. G. F.

CONSTITUTION OF THE FEDERATION I. NAME This organization shall be called the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America.

II. OBJECT The object of this organization shall be to promote greater efficiency in the work of the Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, to stimulate united prayer and study, to secure

These officers, and the Chairmen of Stand- reorganization of the life of woman. To ing Committees, shaH be elected at the An- ignore this fact is either to force Asiatic nual Meeting. The officers shall not be elig- women to preserve the present status ible to office more than two successive years. quo, or to leave the direction of Asiatic feminism in the hands of those who are VI. COMMITTEES not in sympathy with intelligent Chris- tian ideals for women." There shall be an Executive Committee, such Standing Committees on Home Base And who can measure the magnitude and on Foreign Field and such special com- of that task among the wistful, illiterate, mittees as may be deemed necessary. fatalistic, mystical people of India?

THE CHALLENGE OF A GREAT TASK Great as the task is, and challenging our most strenuous endeavor, it is a BY BELLE J. ALLEN, M.D. task closed to men. The women who conceived the proposed Medical College "The woman's cause is man's; they rise or for Indian Women realized most keenly sink that this reorganization of the life of womankind in India is a field practically Together, dwarfed or god-like, bond or closed to men. Caste laws, religion, free…. long-entrenched custom, inclination, all forbid it; the heritage of generations has If she be small, slight-natured, miserable created such an attitude of mind that- How shall men grow? even among the men educated abroad, and in some limited measure cut loose But in the shadow will we work and mould from social fetters-it is most unusual The woman to the fuller day." to find any sympathy with the emerging of woman from her place of servitude -Tennyson. and entire subordination. They are not ready to be divorced from their all-pos- SO sang Tennyson, who in poetic form sessiveness. Because this great task is closed to men, those medical women but expressed God's thoughts after dared to venture on a pioneer strategic Him: "All one in Christ Jesus." "For movement which aims at securing the in Christ there is neither male nor fe- new woman, now preparing in our male." higher institutions of learning, who is already genuinely Christian, and tech- Contrast, if you please, His message nically and efficiently preparing her to of life, abundant life, and for every minister to the three-fold need of the creature, with the Vedic message about involuntary shut-ins among her own one-half its world: people. They believe that, through the professions of medicine and nursing, "What is sharper than a serpent's they could do something more than sing tooth? A woman. "0 Zion haste" in setting up the King- dom in· India i that in a limited, finite "What is more venomous than a way they could say "let there be light" viper? A widow." and the aching, suffering, abused bodies, the fear-ruled mindless minds, the Or with that injunction in the Ko- dumb, driven, imprisoned spirits could ran which makes lies justifiable on spe- feel new Light, and experience that en- cial occasions, but "always to a ergizing "Life-more abundant" which . woman i" or again recall the reproof a would release the potency of India's missionary administered to a young womanhood. For there, surely, if any- Brahmin youth who was using language where, our people literally and patheti- too vile to listen to, not to mention be- cally . . . and needlessly perish for ing translated: "Silence i you would not lack of knowledge. use such language in the presence of your mother!" While this mighty task is closed to "My mother taught it to me," was the quick rejoinder.

This sharp contrast briefly illustrates the scope of our great task, and challenges our utmost powers to cope with the Augean task of changing a whole nation's attitude of mind. Shailer Matthews most truly says, in The I nternational Review of Missions, "It may yet appear that the largest service which the missionary motive is to render to non-Christian lands will be found in the

WOMAN'S FEDERATION BULLETIN

men and is an alluring challenge to pro- one." How much hindering is done fessional women it is, alas! an unoccu- through the possessive pronouns! But pied task. there is no such anomaly as a Baptist pneumonia, nor a Methodist appendi-. The Mission Boards are unable to se- citis, nor Presbyterian malaria j disease cure women at horne. They seem not is like sin in that respect-as well as to recognize the law of supply and de- others! Those forward-looking women mand j nor the almost prohibitive ex- say, "It is a mighty task, one that is pense of acquiring a medical education j vastli worth while; it challenges the and while requiring, rightly, too, the best in us j why not make a really con- highest measure of efficiency in candi- structive alliance, instead of a destruc- dates, they offer as stipend little more tive one, and together do what no one than the charwoman receives who labors of us could ever hope to do alone, to- by the day at washing and scrubbing. gether set into motion forces which will work a silent revolution throughout the Returned missionaries and secretaries empire ?" So the appeal is being made, are calling importunately for more nurses and this immeasurable opportunity is beand more doctors, and silent, eloquent, fore our big, broad women of vision, to pathetic, heart-breaking closed hospitals minister to something like 150,000,000 plead in vain, while the wail of suffering of women, through technically trained mothers and the cry of helpless little pioneer women of science. ones, and the fever-racked bodies, and the needlessly blind eyes haunt those who This great task is already inspiring have seen, who have in sam.: measure India's awakened young womanhood. A understood, and who can only offer missionary from a certain college, in themselves and plead (shall it be in writing home about the progress of her vain?) for means to make a way of es- students, said: "Certain of our students cape for "these little ones." are eager to take the scientific course so that they may become medical mis- Neither can the Boards bring enough sionaries to their own people, but we Indian women to this country for ade- are advising against it, because there is quate preparation, if that were advisable, no suitable place for them to take their for the procession of neglected children medical training after they have comin India would reach, if they walked pleted their college work." And thisfour abreast and two feet apart, from will you think of it? with four millions New York to San Francisco, and as of deaths in one year, not from the refar as Chicago back again! Have you finements of cruelty and brutality, but ever loved a child? Have you ever lost from fevers alone! Think of that endone, cherished for one brief season and less procession of remediable blindness, then "lost awhile"? Have you ever and that pathetic inhuman mockery of longed for one with all the yearning of child marriage and widowhood! Are mother love and longing? Tell me, we, indeed, our brother's keeper? Or would you want one of yours in that is it all a myth-a figure of speech? joyless procession? Would you want to protect it from disease and suffering? Not only is it said there is no suit- Would you experience joy in sacrificing able place to train doctors and nurses, for it? If you were ill or taken away, which is too sadly true, but native eduwould you want other women to cated people who are supposed to speak play the mother to that little one? Did with authority say-as they did in the our Christ mean anything like that earlier days, when the education of Inwhen He said, "As ye would that men dian women was deemed quite the should do to you, do ye even so to them equivalent of trying to teach donkeys to likewise"? How do you think He feels read-"you simply cannot train Indian at your attitude? women as nurses," which is not true, but is a task hopefully undertaken and big Our task so mighty is a challenge to united effort. We still, as a religious with promise. people, are leagues distant from that last Said a Mohammedan jurist to the wonderful prayer-"that they may be

missIOnary, "They are hopelessly stupid: of the world, the flesh and the devil" what you say will only pass through -that is psychology. To share danger one ear and out the other. I thought and delight with those faithful, fearyou had better sense than to try and less "vagabonds of Christ" who have train these people." "Wait and see," gone to the darkness of Africa-that is said the missionary; and two years later, spiritual experience. when an only grandson lay critically ill, that same man came pleading for You have them all in this book. You one of those very "people" to care for will weep as well as laugh as you read. that sick child, saying, "She is so ten- And as you wonder whether your der, and knows better than we do what Board can close its books without a to do for the little sufferer." defici t this year, you eye may fall on such a paragraph as this: A Court physician visited a mission hospital one day. After watching those "No woman so poor but she has a Christian nurses at work-who were to few coppers for the plate. . . . If I him, a high-class Brahmin of the Brah- tell you that the beach and bush tribes mins, low-caste "untouchables," whose of our mission, which had at a given very shadow would defile his path-he date an enrollment of 20,000 converts asked, with open-eyed wonder plainly writ on every line of his face, "How and a church membership of 5,ooo-if have you done it? I don't mind telling I tell you that this people gave in the you that the orderlies over at our gov- year of that date the sum of $I4,o00, ernment hospital, where my father was gathered as I have told you, and apfor fifteen years (and I have succeeded plied to the service of the Kingdom, will him), are the same dirty undependables you not be saying that this Bantu is a they were fifteen years ago; and how man of works? . . . The Lord Jesus, have you wrought this change in 'these standing over against the treasury, people'?" said with the contempt only a watches this child of His unwrap from Brahmin can curl into the words. a leaf packet or take from· a beaded "Would you mind telling me how you headdress two mites-and that is often have done it?" and often the whole fortune!"

"We believed they could if they only SUMMER SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS AND had the chance," was the reply. "And CONFERENCES, 1917 (as reported up we have made the chance an actual possibility." This again, may I repeat, is to date) the great task, to give the womanhood of India a chance. PLACE SESSION DATES (To be concluded next month) Northfield, Mass………• Fourteenth ….. July 10-2I CENTRAL COMMITTEE NOTES Chambersburg, Pa. ("New" Northfield) …………. First…..•…. June 2S-July 5 A RE you going to Africa this year? Winona Lake, Ind…….. Thirteenth….. June 23-30 Parties of travelers are already engaging places for the trip, with Miss Boulder. Colorado …….. Eleventh……. June 13-20 Jean Kenyon Mackenzie as interpreter. Mount Hermon, Cal. ….. Twelfth…….. July 16-21 Minnesota…………… Eleventh……. June '4-20 The guide-book, "An African Trail," Oklahoma City. Okla…… Sixth ……….June 3-10 is now ready. A rapid sale can be Denton, Texas… _…….. Fourth …….. June 10-15 easily foretold. The book is a wonderful study of a primitive people. TStuelrsIai~gO, kKlaa.n.s.a.s..•……. .. … . First ………. May 27-June 1 … . Fifth ………. August 19-26 It is more than that. To go where the globe-trotter does not-that is nov- Dixon, illinois ………… Eighth …….. July so-Aug. 4 elty. To follow lonely paths with the Franklin, Ohio………… Third ……… Aug. 6-12 white trader-that is indeed adventure. To grasp the Bantu's "subjection to Wooster, Ohio ………… Fifth ………. Aug. 17-24 three great racial ideas-gain and Monmouth, Ill. …… , … Fourth …….. July 20-29 women and fetish-it is the old trilogy Xenia, Ohio ………….. Second …….. Aug. 12-19 Tarkio. Missouri ………. Seventh ……. July 20-29 New Wilmington ……… Twelfth …….. Aug. 10-19 Princeton .. 0 ••••••••••••• FHth……… July 14-21 WANTED: Notices of Summer Schools of Mis- sions and Summer Conferences, with places, dates, programs, advertising bul- letins, names of leaders and instructors. Send promptly to Mrs. Mary Clokey Porter, 2828 Perrysville Avenue, North Side, Pittsburgh, Pa., Chairman of Summer School Committee.

INDIA_BURMA_CEYLON signatures, respectively. Those ready

sing the Gospel or help by musical ac- First IDlpI"essions in India companiment number 76. Seventy- seven volunteered for personal work. M ISS MABEL CHASE, a Congre- This includes men, women and some gational missionary in South India, quite young people and school children. writes: None of them professed to know how, but they are willing to be taught. Fif- "I wish I had power to describe to ty-five signed for 'Preaching Bands.' you a native congregation. Upon enter- These have been divided into fourteen ing the church the first thing that im- bands and assigned to certain villages, pressed me was the general neatness and all within a radius of five miles. It is cleanliness of the congregation in con- a sort of follow-up work for the instructrast to the dirt and rags (or no rags) tion and development of illiterate Chrisof the people on the streets. Then I tians, and along with it will come many was most forcibly struck by the difference opportunities for giving the Gospel in expression on the faces of those as- message to non-Christians." sembled there from the majority of faces of those we had passed on the way. The Ho'lV an Autolllobile Helps people in the church were not different in caste or wealth; it was simply that I N India, where the government roads on their faces was a look of an alert, are among the best in the world, an awakened spirit and intelligence, instead automobile is a tremendous asset to the of sullen, animal-like stupidity and missionary who has touring work to do. wretchedness, or of positive evil. It is Rev. Rockwell Clancy, who is in charge an inner light shining through and trans- of the Methodist work in Delhi district, forming the whole bearing. Everyone has a parish including three millions of was dressed in his or her best, and all people. Under his personal direction the colors of the spectrum considerably are 14,667 Christians, of whom 1,991 intensified were assembled. The men were baptized last year. This is his often are as gay as the women. I was story of a recent tour: fascinated by the appearance of a chocolate colored gentleman clad in a vivid "On Sunday morning we drove fortypink coat, cut in European style. Most five miles and met the leaders of nine of the audience seemed to follow the villages. Here we had a two hours' sessermon with great eagerness, given sion and then drove on to hold a similar through an interpreter." conference with village leaders twenty miles away. This meeting was held Volunteers for the CaDlpaign from three to four in the afternoon. That evening we held …nother meeting REV. A G. McGAW writes from of a similar kind in a third place. The day's work included a drive of nearly Etah, in the United Provinces, a hundred miles and three meetings with India: leaders of twenty-five to thirty villages. By ordinary conveyance it would have "In preparing for the Etah evangelis- taken us two or three days to travel this tic campaign a canvass of the whole distance." congregation was secured, and volunteers indicated what form of service TFrODl. Ceylon to BelgiuIll they were prepared to undertake. From HE girls of Jaffna, Ceylon, Mission the first, emphasis had been laid on the School are interestinb themselves in necessity of preparation for such service, so that the question as to those willing world movements, a thing unheard of to join daily prayer groups and weekly not many years ago. "Soon after the Bible classes (in additjon to the regular church services) received 133 and 138

war began, when the first call came for his wife and small children were accordrelief for the Belgians, the girls of the ingly obliged to stay out of doors twentyschool heard about it. Entirely of their four hours, only going on the platform own accord they made a plan for rais- of the station at night. As this haping money. Having all agreed to it, pened in the rainy season, it meant conthey came to the office of the principal siderable exposure. When it came time one day in groups, class by class, and to load up his baggage the man who was requested that they be allowed to go leaving refused to put his things into without their dinner every day until the the car in which the Christian's things war was over and send the money thus had come. He is also having some saved to the Relief Fund. The request trouble about water. The water at the was not granted in its entirety, but in a station is very brackish, and though there very much modified form." is a well near by of good water, yet as he is a Christian he is not allowed to In "The Village of the Gods" draw from it. His comfort in prayer is very delightful and his most frequent ONE of the centers of the Indian request is that he may be able to with- mass rr:ovement toward Christianity stand the wiles of the evil one and lead others to Christ. has been the city of Nizamabad. Rev. G. M. Kerr, a missionary there, says 1.1 One Hundred Years of a Mission Press a recen t letter: THE American Baptist Mission Press "Every day adds a new chapter. I at Rangoon recently celebrated its think I referred to the 'Village of the Gods.' Well, this village came over centennial anniversary. Beginning in last night on the side of the one living r8r6 with a small frame hand press and God and Father of us all. There were a font of Burmese type, this enterprise eighty-five baptisms, and others will fol- has grown until to-day it is one of the low. As I went from house to house finest printing establishments in the I was utterly amazed at the number of Orient. The first works printed were shrines. True to their village name, the the "View of the Christian Religion," people had literally filled the place with by Adoniram Judson, and the "Catetiny temples. The number of deities chism," by Ann Hasseltine Judson, both and demons, ghosts and goblins these of which are still in constant demand. people have worshiped is simply beyond The Press has issued the complete Bible all count. What an unspeakable joy to in four of the languages of Burma and is see them definitely renounce their gods now printing an edition in the fifth. It and godlings! One other village near- has also issued separately the New Testa- 'Moonlight'-is due for reception soon. ment and several important portions of For years we have had one solitary the Old Testament. This distribution- Christian in it, but the dawn of the Sun of Christian literature has made the of Righteousness draws nigh, and the Baptist Press an influential factor in the partial light will fade in the presence of establishing and strengthening of the His Grace. These are days of the Lord churches in Burma. here. Be with us in prayer."

THardships for Christ's Sake The Marriage Tie in Assam HE missionaries in one of the sta- tions of the Marathi Mission, India, I N the Baptist mission in Upper Assam write of a Christian station master who there are now over three thousand has suffered much for his faith. He has Christians, the majority of whom have recently been promoted to a higher posi- been employed in the tea gardens. There tion. On his arrival there the outgoing is only one missionary, whose task is not station master was very curt to him, as only to train this large body of Chrishe was a Christian, and would not allow tians, but also to evangelize nearly a him to come into the house which was million non-Christians. A visitor to assigned to the station master. He and Sibsagor describes another interesting duty: "Three couples came to be mar-

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ried. They were garden coolies, and, as Chiengnlai Leper Asylnn> is the custom in the gardens, had gone through no ceremony of marriage at all. SIAM is spotted with leprosy. It is They merely tell the manager that they estimated that there are 10,000 of wish to live together, and when they have his permission they are considered these sufferers in the kingdom. They husband and wife. When couples who are feared, hated and cursed, and turned have been married in this way become out from their homes by their families, Christians they usually desire that the who do not know how to take care of Christian marriage service be performed them. They wander up and down the and that it be registered according to the roads, begging and utterly hopeless in Government Marriage Act. One part their dire misery. The North Siam of the ceremony is always amusing. The Mission of the American Presbyterian preacher is supposed literally to tie the Church, however, has established a leper couple together. The women wear asylum at Chiengmai on an island of saris-muslin a yard wide and several r60 acres presented to them for this puryards long. The end that is thrown over pose by His Majesty the King. In this the head is taken and tied about the haven some 200 lepers have been gathman's neck. The husband kisses the ered and live in neat brick houses amid bride, and then the couple march around cleanly surroundings. They receive the room to receive the congratulations about forty cents a week each for subof their friends. This show of affection sistence. The entire colony has become between husband and wife will have its Christian, and recently they gave out of effect in teaching a higher conception of savings from their allowance money a married life." sum equal to $12 gold, "To be sent to lepers in some other land who are less SIAM AND LAOS fortunate than ourselves."

Sialll Mission Sehool Honored This work has called the attention of all classes of people in Siam to the pRINCE ROYAL'S COLLEGE in beneficent character of Christianity in Chiengmai, Siam, where Rev. Wil- the most striking way, and will, no doubt, lead the government to establish liam Harris is principal, has received a other asylums where lepers will be segspecial distinction in the organization of regated, and as a consequence the couna company of boy scouts under the di- try will gradually be freed from the rect permission of the king, who is the terrible menace of the disease. head of the boy scout movement in that country. CHINA In Prince Royal's College every room Chinese GovernIllental Crisis and dormitory has been full this past year, and no more pupils can be taken SAILING the Chinese ship of State until further buildings and equipment is no easy matter. On March 4th can be secured. The under secretary of education recently visited the college and the whole Cabinet resigned because their was greatly impressed by all that he saw. decision to break off diplomatic relations When leaving, he said to the principal: with Germany was vetoed by President Li. Premier Tuan Chi-Jui immediately "You need have no fear whatever resigned and left for Tien-tsin, but afterthat my government will do anything wards returned on being assured that the in Chiengmai to injure your educational cabinet's decision would be accepted. work or weaken your school. Such a course would indicate naught but in- According to the President's office, gratitude and folly on the part of the the immediate cause of the resignation government. The government is grate- was a despatch to the Chinese Minister at ful for what is being done by the Pres- Tokio, committing China to a rupture byterian mission schools, and has every of relations with Germany and a union hope and desire for the success of the with the Entente Powers under certain work." conditions. The President refused his approval because, he declared, Parlia- ment must sanction all measures con-

ternplating war, as well as a direct entered actively into the work of the declaration of war. Young Men's Christian Association and Baptist Mission." President Li Yuan-Hung justified his position by Article 35 of the provisional Chinese Girls at Work Constitution, which reads as follows: "The Provisional President shall have THE following stories of two of the power, with the concurrence of the Na- girl graduates of the Baldwin School tional Council, to declare war and conclude treaties." in N anchang, China, show how effective these Chinese Christian women can be Christian Unity Demonstrated as school teachers: "WE have passed the experimental When Tao I Lin went to Li Gia :;tage," writes Rev. W. W. Clay- Dou last year, the pastor had not arson, of the Union Theological College rived, in fact he did not come until in Canton, in which British, American, school had been opened about two and New Zealand missions unite. "Our months; but I Lin went to the women, first graduates are at work, and will, organized the Sunday-school and mothwe are sure, do credit to the college, of ers' meetings, and has won her way into which they are all proud. The eight the hearts of the whole community. missions joining in the union have rea- Eight years ago she was the most unconson to be thankful for the reception with trolled child in school; now she is an which the college is meeting, and for earnest, selfless, consecrated young womthe keen interest which the Chinese an, who is winning not only her pupils Christians are taking in its work. I t is but their mothers and the women of all to them a practical illustration, to which that community to the Father. they are glad to point, of the essential unity of the Christian Church. While Then, too, there is Kiang I, who has people at home are debating the point, gone to Hsin Gan, which had never bein South China we are practicing unity fore had a girls' school; she was the only in a very practical way; and the more Christian woman in the town, a city of students of all these churches are trained some twenty thousand; she is the only together, the easier will co-operation be woman of education there now and was in the future." for months an object of curiosity; but in these nine months she has interested so In:8nencing Future Leaders many women and girls that the pastor has to have a separate service for the REV. F. M. PRICE, of Paotingfu, women on Sunday, as there would not is doing a far-reaching work in possibly be room enough for them in the morning service. touching, as he does, the students in the government military college there. A The Challenge oJ' China letter from him says: REV. FRED. R. BROWN, of Kiang- "The time spent with the military si Province, pays l.igh tribute to students is comparatively little. One service each week, followed by a Bible C. T. Wang, the Yale graduate who, it class and occasional correspondence by will be remembered, gave up his posimail, comprise the sum of our efforts tion with the Young Men's Christian for them. I only wish it could be more Association to serve his country as preand better. Since last I wrote you, I siding officer of the new Parliament. have received three young men into the He goes on to say: "With men of Church. In a few more weeks these Wang's stamp at the head of affairs, will all be sent away to their respective China will place increasing emphasis on posts of duty, but their influence and modern ideals, on Western learning, and work for the Church are not thereby -so far as a country can do-on rightlost. A group of men who graduated eousness and truth. The difficulty in last year have recently written me from the whole situation seems to be this: Taiyiianfu, Shansi, where they have China asks for our schools, our indus- tries and our commerce, deeming these

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important, as they surely are. But at time before, he had been given a New the same time she rejects our Christ. Testament by a missionary, and had read Why? Beca'Jse a government is neces- it aloud to his friends in the evenings.

sarily secular; and ecclesiastical politics A number of these friends now desired are pernicious, as we all know. The copies themselves, so !-Ie had come to buy result is that China's awakening is a as many as possible. Before long he was stern challenge to us to put all our avail- wending his way homeward with a large able energies into the task of Christian- parcel of Testaments strapped on his izing China's new civilization. China, back.

with civilization and without Christ, is In the village the demand for the the Yellow Peril personified." Book was so eager that many had to be Greek Church Missions in China disappointed. One purchaser died soon afterwards, and then his widow put his THE Russian Orthodox Mission in Testament away on a shelf and forgot China is composed of the following all about it. A day carne, however, establishments: Monastery in Peking; when she wanted to have her house pa- Hermitage on the Western Hills near pered. Now, Chinese people sometimes Peking ; Nunnery in Peking; five con- use newspapers and pages from books for ventual churches in Petrograd, Moscow, this purpose-though it makes a very ex- Harbin, Dalny and in Manchuria which pensive wall paper if copies of the Scrip- support the Mission in China. The tures be used; so she took down the total number of mission churches is neglected Testament and handed it with thirty-two. Of these, fourteen are in other papers to the "decorator." This the Province of Chihli, twelve in Hupeh, man was just going to tear out the four in Honan, one in Tsian-fu and one leaves of the Testament when he began in Mongolia. The Mission supports to read a little of it-and soon he three chapels and five churchyards. It put it in his pocket for further study.

is in possession of forty-six pieces of That Book became the means by which property which have been either bought the man and his whole family were con- by the Mission or presented to it. There verted.

are seventeen schools for boys and three for girls under the control of the Mis- JAPAN-CHOSEN sion, also one Theological Seminary in Peking. Other establishments main- Those Buddhist Sunday-Schools tained by the Mission are: meteorological station, library (recently built), REFERENCE was made in the Auprinting office (with more than a hun- gust REVIEW to the Sunday-school dred volumes of Chinese publications), lithographic works, galvanoplastical es- movement among Japanese Buddhists. tablishment, type foundry, bookbinder's Later reports show the surprising extent shop, paint shop, carpenters' shops, cast- to which this imitation is being carried. ing foundry, steam flour mill, candle The Buddhist sect best known for its factory, soap factory, weaver's workshop, imitation of Christianity is the Nishi beehive, dairy house and brick kiln. Hongwanji, which has a Sunday-school Board that acts for all Japan. This Board gives a banner to the best Bud- dhist Sunday-school and confers medals ITA Chinese New Testament for special merit. The child having the was in the' Bible Depot at Hong best record in each Buddhist Sunday- Kong. Presently there entered a school is given the privilege of visiting poor, travel-worn Chinese, who laid the far-famed buildings and treasures of some money on the counter, and said, the Hongwanji temples.

"Please give me as many copies of 'Jesus Book' as that will buy." On being ques- Honors for Japanese GhrlsUans tioned, he explained that he had walked THE Rev. Otis Cary, of the American thirty miles from a village in the inte- Board Japan Mission, points out rior. He went on to tell how, some the contrast between the position of

Christians in Japan at the coronation Japanese, and it is having a great inof the Emperor and at the accession of the fluence." latter's father. Then Christianity was strictly prohibited. Now among those The Red Cross in Japan honored with decorations, posthumous court rank was given to N eesima (the I T was in 1886 that Japan joined the Japanese lad who ran away from Japan, Geneva Convention, but it was not was educated in America, and returned to work for his country), and to Yama- until the war between Japan and China moto, who united with him in founding the Doshisha University. Other educa- that the Red Cross Society came to the tors honored include President Harada, of the Doshisha; Dr. Motoda, of St. attention of the public. Paul's College (Episcopal); President Naruse, of the Congregational Woman's It seemed hardly conceivable in those College; Mr. Ibara, a Methodist; and two women, one at the head of a large days, when there was yet such open hos- Presbyterian institution and the other connected with a Methodist school-all tility to Christianity, writes a C. M. S. Japanese, of course. Some Chris~ians were also included among the busmess missionary, that a badge consisting of a men who received decorations. cross could meet with the approval of Though the numerical percentage of Christians in Japan is still small, it con- the authorities. At a large and influentains material evidently preciolis to the Japanese government. tial meeting for the inauguration of a branch of the society in Tokushima, when hundreds of representatives from the outlying country districts were pres- ent, some of the Buddhist priests of the company tried to blind the people by saying they must not think that the cross emblazoned on the flags at the en- trance gate had anything to do with the Christian cross, that it was really only a Buddhist symbol with slight altera- tions. But the people in authority knew A Worker in the Slums of Kobe better than that.

A WRITER in Missions, who re- The membership of the society has cently visited Japan, was much im- reached I ~5ur2g5i,c8a2l2a. n Hospitals with all pressed by the work of one Japanese the latest d medical appliances Christian. He says: have been established in every town and "A graduate of Kobe Theological city of the Japanese Empire, while in Seminary (Southern Presbyterian), Ka- Tokyo alone there are said to be no gawa San (San means Mr. in Japanese, fewer than 3,000 Red Cross nurses and is put last, instead of first), took us working at the present time.

to see his work in the slums of Kobe. The Red Cross movement has been He showed us the most awful sights we useful in the breaking down of preju- had ever seen of poverty, filth, sin and dice: (I) From a missionary point of disease. Eleven blocks of huts, six feet oviuetw~finaltlhacltasisteshaosf caused people from society to take an square, in which four or five people must interest in the teaching of the Cross, and sleep each night at a cost of two cents in the case of some it has been their first each make up the slum district. In one step toward a belief in the crucified. and of these huts was an eighteen-year-old Risen Saviour. (2) From a philangirl with her hand eaten baawbaeyinwhi~thr lep;osy, yet holding a little thropic point of view, in the way its sym- arms. All they can hear of Jesu~ lJ pathy and practical help have stretched what Mr. Kagawa tells them each mght out in this present crisis not only to as he preaches on the ~treets. Like Jesus, Great Britain, but also to Russia, Ja- he is living right among- them, for he pan's former enemy.

and his wife showed us their one little Japanese Official.. Interested room where they cook and eat and sleep I N the course of a three weeks' evan- gelistic tour, accOl?pan,ied by a n~tive and where he wrote that splendid Life pastor, and taking WIth hIm ster~optlcon of Christ in Japanese. This is the first slides illustrating the life of Chnst, Rev.

Life of Christ written in Japanese by a

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Earl R. Bull, a Methodist missionary in whole circuits. Everything is on a per Japan, had an interesting experience on capita basis, counting all on the church the island of Yonabaru : roll, for one is expected to do some preaching before being made catechumen "One night we went to Awase, on even. The banners are held for one the south coast, where 2,000 listened year, and then, if the church does not with great attention to the story of remain the best, the banner changes Christ's life and death. Following this hands for the year. meeting, the mayor of the village, public officials and others, gathered in their An Anti-Christian Boyeott club building and asked for a second meeting. To these forty serious-minded "you cannot imagine what our Komen we explained the necessity of religion (which is entirely lacking in that rean Christians have to face in the place) and then told what Christianity way of opposition," writes Rev. V. R. stands for. When the meeting ad- Turner. "Recently a whole village unjourned, the officials invited us to open dertook to crush a church located in it. up Christian work there, offering the I t was the custom of the village to obuse of their club house, free. This place serve a heat~en sacrifice annually, :,nd presents a new and most hopeful field." every person III the Village was reqUired to make a contribution. The Christians P.·eaehing Competition in Chosen refused to contribute. They told their fellow townsmen that they were Chris- IN 19 I 3, at a helpers' meeting, the tians and could not take part in heathen Korean pastor remarked that there vorship.

was a cooling of the church's zeal for This enraged the men of the village. preaching and that something should be They had a meeting and passed a resoludone to rouse it again. After much dis- tion that all who did not conform to cussion it was resolved that a report was the established custom should be noted to be made each Sunday or each month and that all friendly relations with them on three items: Number of people should be discontinued. No one should preached to, number of Scriptures or engage even in con-lersation or trade portions sold to unbelievers, number of with them.

new believers. Such a boycott would have made ex- In counting the number preached to, istence well-nigh impossible for the Christians, but happily it was never a man may preach each day in the week carried out. After the plan had been to the same man or to a different man, concluded, even to the extent of a writbut the count will be seven at the end ten agreement with every man's signaof the week. If he preaches to a crowd, ture, the officials found out about it and he reports the number of those who seem commanded the villagers to destroy the to listen fairly well. Just asking a per- contract and stop any such doings. The son whom he may meet whether he be- command was necessarily complied with. lieves in God does not constitute preach- The Church is prospering now, and I ing and is not counted. believe a good future is in store for the work." In reporting books sold, Gospels or whole Testaments are counted as one Mis"ionary Edueation in Korea volume. They are supposed to be sold at face value, but books given for noth- I T is gratifying to learn from the reing are not to be counted. New believ- ports which are now coming from ers are not to be reported until they have Korea that the educational regulations attended church a month or six weeks promulgated by the Japanese governand have their names put on the church ment are not interfering as seriously with the work of missionary schools as at first roll. seemed probable. The law has been Banners made and paid for by the interpreted by the Japanese officials to apply only to religious teaching as a part Koreans are given in the spring to the of the official curriculum and as in no best churches in each helper's circuit, and three larger banners to the best

way forbidding religious teaching out- break come between the United States side of the official schedule of hours and and Turkey, even if it issued in war, it classes. would not imperil the 200 American missionaries there. Possibly they might Charters which are entirely satisfac- have to leave the country, but he does tory to the mission boards concerned not think that they personally would have been secured for the Union Chris- suffer any harm. His cheering outlook tian College of Korea and the Union coincides with the opinion of Secretary Medical School, located in Seoul. The James L. Barton of the American Board, future of both institutions has been in who hopes that friends and relatives in doubt since the promulgation of the edu- this country of the board's representacational laws, but the new charters tives in Turkey will not be unduly congranted appear to safeguard fully their cerned over the situation, which, in Dr. opportunity to do constructive Christian Barton's judgment, does not involve any work. physical danger to our missionaries. Moreover, it is not necessary to assume Winning Korean Boys that American missionaries would be forced out of Turkey, even if war arose. T HE Young Men's Christian Asso- Canadians connected with the Board, ciation in Seoul is reaching boys of who are essentially British subjects, have many different kinds. An educational not thus far been disturbed, and it department consisting of day and night might be that the authorities would recschools is doing fine work. One special ognize the super-national character of feature is a school held in the evening missionary work even in a state of war. and taught by volunteers. The scholars are all poor and are eager for an educa- nulletins froln Turkey tion. An example of the type which attend this school is a water carrier who T HE following items from the varilives three miles in the LOuntry and has ous stations of the American Board not missed a single night. The Bible in Turkey give a composite picture of classes have embraced the schoolboy, the conditions in that land: working boy, office boy and the messenger boy. For the students, classes in Hadjin: Miss Olive Vaughan is alone English, Japanese and their native working for Moslem women and chiltongue have been held. The Japanese dren, the Armenians being gone. She officials of the city have donated the use writes: "Don't allow any pressure to be of a baseball diamond to the Associa- brought upon me looking to my leavtion. The physical department activities ing." Sivas: Since Miss Fowle's death have been the means of drawing a total Miss Mary Graffam has been alone. attendance of 17,668. The equipment She says the Turkish officials are frienditself consists of a volleyball and base- ly and the German consul most anxious ball outfit, gymnasium floor and a leader to serve her. Gorta: Mrs. Leslie is busy of physical activities. With the opening with 250 orphans, whom the Turks have of the fall activities the schedule of the forced to become Moslems. M arash: gymnasium is crowded. The boys' di- Forty-five hundred refugees, wholly devision is open from 8.30 A.M. to 9.30 pendent upon our missionaries. A intab : P.M. and the games and reading mate- Eight thousand dependent refugees; rial are in constant use. A count kept girls' school open; hospital running of those making use in some way of the smoothly. Tarsus: School full of small boys' division in the first five months boys (orphans), Mrs. Christie in charge. after its opening totals 24,756. A dana: Dr. Haas very busy at hospital. H arpoot: Original inhabitants all gone; MOSLEM LANDS others coming in; many Moslems among those in need. Van: City in ruins; Safety of Turkey Missionaries Raynolds, Yarrow, Maynard working from Erivan; refugees pouring in by SO good an authority on conditions in thousands; relief work well in hand.

Turkey as former Ambassador Henry Morgenthau believes that should a

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Trebizo nd: All is quiet; Russians in gees, and eve"rything is going to be control; school being continued; Mr. dearer and dearer now, we expect a and Mrs. Crawford refusing to leave on great famine. The price of every sort furlough. Marsovan: Government in of food is nearly six times more than possession of all our buildings; mission- three years ago, and it is the same thing aries "graciously" allowed a few rooms; with clothes, etc." forty soldiers per day dying of typhus in mission compound. Brousa: Thirty- Work in Syria Continues one thousand families were robbed of all and deported. Smyrna: The population COMMUNICATION with Syria is being Greek was left undisturbed; col- slow and letters are rare, but the lege running over with students, even with tuition fees advanced. Constanti- latest report received from Rev. Wilnople: Flour selling at $45 per bag; liam Jessup, D.D., indicates that the kerosene $8 per quart; Gedik Pasha greater part of the mission work in Syria school crowded with pupils from promi- is going on as usual. nent homes, tuition rate advanced to provide electric lights in place of oil; "we The preaching in the churches and are thankful for something to eat and the teaching in the schools is being carwear." ried on much as usual, with a few excep- tions. The Theological Seminary has Sufi'ering in tile Near East no class this year. The men are serving the colors. The Syrian Protestant Col- I N behalf of the Committee on Syrian lege is proceeding much as usual. The and Armenian Relief, it is stated that school for girls in Beirut takes no boardwhile for the present no aid can be sent ers, but has a good attendance of day to Syria, the calls for help among Ar- pupils. The school in Sidon for girls menian and Syrian refugees in Egypt, takes no boarders. Gerard Institute Trans-Caucasia and Persia, all of which (boys) takes boarders in the fifth form are easily reached, are much greater than and is continuing the Normal Training its resources avail to cover. Illustrations Class which finishes its course this year. of this are seen in the following reports: The rest of the pupils are day scholars. The boarding school for boys at Sukh el From Busrah, lower Mesopotamia, Gharb is in charge of Mr. and Mrs. this word comes: "The poor are dying Scherer, who are now living there. of hunger, and those of the men left at home and able to work are unable to The Change!i!il in Palestine secure enough to sustain the lives of their families. The poor of Bagdad and A WRITER in the Christian Ob- Mosul and surrounding country have server believes that the great changes seized everything movable, so that there which have been brought about in Palesis universal misery and want. No sup- tine since the war began are indications plies of any sort are coming into the that God is preparing for some striking 'Arak. No trade route is open, save that fulfilment of His promises in the Land of Syria, and Syria is worse off than of Promise. Ready means of communithe 'Arak." cation were needed; and what the "un- speakable" Turk would not have accom- A native clergyman in U rumia, Per- plished in a century, the German did in sia, writes as follows: "The number of a few months. Straight military roads refugees here is from twenty-five to have been built in the desert, the Bagdad thirty thousand. It seems to me that line has been extended through Southern the hardships of this year are greater Judea into the region of the Suez Canal, than last year, as the people from fear and a railroad runs from Jerusalem, last year were not able to sow, and last through Hebron and Beersheba, to a summer we never had a good harvest, spot near the Suez Canal, from which and also we have not had good crops; spurs run into the Sinaitic peninsula. It and as there are a good many thousands is claimed that in a week troops and of the Russian army and so many refu- war material can be transported from Constantinople to the Canal. In the desert, which formerly offered only scat-

tered pools or wells of brackish water, of this land, they had to work secretly, at fixed distances artesian wells have and if they disposed of half a dozen been driven, which afford an abundant copies they thought they had done well. supply of fine, cold water, and, by the Within the past two months one of these overflow of these wells, the desert is cities was visited by a worker from the blossoming like the rose. British and Foreign Bible Society, and in ten days, in spite of the opposition of At Beersheba, a few months ago, only the mullahs, he sold over 400 copies of four miserable Bedouin huts existed, the Scriptures to Moslems. In that time near the. old historic well of the patri- he also met three men who gave every arch. To-day a city is found there, with evidence of being earnest enquirers; two thousands of inhabitants, electric lights, of them have since left the place and war magazines, garages, etc. Hebron gone to a neighboring town to receive has become a city of importance, its further instruction from a missionary." population has doubled, the value of property has been greatly enhanced and Another missionary writes: "In a vila modern park has been laid out. The lage a boy bought a New Testament and city throbs with life and the whole land spent his time, when not at work in the of Palestine is apparently in the birth- fields, reading it and explaining it to throes of an absolute resurrection. groups of villagers. Though an uncul- tured lad, knowing nothing but how to Cannon on Mt. Calvary read Persian, he had a wonderful insight into Scripture truth. I was amazed at THE transformation of Palestine in his ready interpretation of difficult pas- war times has already been mentioned sages, and his lucid exposition. By the daily reading of God's Word to his in the REVIEW. A Russian, writing in neighbors he has awakened a real interthe Sviet, describes further how the est in Christianity." native land of the Prince of Peace has been turned into a scene of war and From Meshed come striking accounts bloodshed. He writes: "Jerusalem is at of the sales of the Bible in the dispensary present simply overrun by Turks and waItmg-room. Mr. Esselstyn says: "A arrogant German officers. The heights man who bought a Testament came in of Calvary have been transformed into again and said, 'You cannot understand a battery. The marble and jade columns how much we are enjoying the Testaand statuary, which have for centuries ment in our house. We read it every ornamented the place where our Saviour night. It is very sweet.' I t has become suffered, have been removed to give way popular for all classes of people to buy to two Krupp cannon, which are being the Scriptures, and even the illi tera te used for target practice, the targets hav- buy them, saying they will get some one ing been mounted on the slopes of Mount to read to them. We have been told re- Olivet. The place where Christ taught peatedly that the Persian Gospels are His disciples the Lord's Prayer has been being used as text-books in the native fenced in with a wattle and barbed wire schools of Kuchan and Meshed." fence. Mount Olivet, whence our Lord ascended, is the favorite center of ma- AFRICA neuvers. Shouts, shots, bugle calls, abuse, hatred, and blood-that is the The Caml' at Port Said atmosphere now surrounding the locality which for two thousand years has been T HE work of caring for the thousands the greatest sanctuary of the world." of Armenian refugees assembled at The Word of God in Persia Port Said continues. Miss Mary E. Kinney, who has recently gone out, A MISSIONARY in Ispahan, Per- writes soon after her arrival: sia, is impressed by the foothold which the Bible is gaining there. His "My work is to take charge of the comment is as follows: crochet department, which employs over 200 women and girls. It is a great op- "Less than a dozen years ago, when portunity to get into the hearts of the the colporteurs visited the sacred cities people, I am sure. At present I have

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considerable difficulty speaking to them, hard for the native peoples to get along. because their dialect is such a mixture Very little money is in circulation. The of Armenian, Turkish, and Arabic, but French Government, now in charge of they understand me better than I do the Kamerun district, will not take the them and the young people nearly all 5 and 10 pfennig pieces and the people know Armenian. It is pathetic to see can scarcely gather up enough silver to how pleased they are that I know Ar- pay the tax of four marks. No trading menian rather than Turkish. It is quite is being done, nor work of carrying unfortunate that the English people loads to the beach, and no construction working here under the Government work of any kind, so there is no money cannot talk to them, because they need coming into the colony. love and sympathy so much. They have evidently been an independent people- The medical work at Lolodorf is industrious and thrifty-but without smaller on account of the scarcity of education, just simple mountain people. medicines, and also the fact that money The life here is an unnatural one, of is being taken out of the country and course, and it is hard to live from five none coming in. ( Up to the time of to ten in a tent-often several families the war the medical work in West Aftogether. The first feeling of exaltation, rica, aside from the missionaries' salaries, too, has passed somewhat, of course, and was self-supporting.) the monotony of the desert gets on their nerves. We need much patience and Yet, in spite of these trying condiwisdom and abounding love. I pray tions, the spiritual work is going on. A God I may have the love that buildeth recent communion service at Lolodorf had 2,235 in attendance; the following up. " Sundays an average attendance of 850 persons; the centers ten miles away ::1 Girl Students in Cairo each direction will probably average 300 more each. In the villages are now seen I T is said of the American Mission many young men in their homes who Girls' College at Cairo: "The college were seldom there before, being emmight well be called the melting pot, ployed in factories in the interior. They for into it we pour Persian, Egyptian, are having a chance to think and are Turkish, English, French, Greek, Rus- coming to the services. sian, Spanish, Rumanian, Bulgarian,' Armenian, Syrian, Italian, Swiss, Arabian Largest C. E. Society in the World nationalities, and Jewish, Mohammedan, Coptic, Protestant, Greek Catholic, Ro- "N0' the largest Christian Endeavor man Catholic, Maronite, Bahaist religions, with all their various branches Society in the world is not yours," and divisions, and from all this mixture writes a missionary to Africa. "It we turn out, or we always hope to turn doesn't even happen to be on this side of out, the happy, healthy, Christian col- the globe. Over in the heart of the lege girl. All these nationalities and Dark Continent, on the equator and th.:: religions meet together in one room for Congo River, in Bolenge, nearly two prayer and to listen to the simple, sweet thousand young people of the Bantu race gospel story. hold the record. Think of it-one thou- sand nine hundred and seventy-six active "The aim of the school in keeping members! Imagine hundreds of loyal the unity of the family unbroken has been black folk under a clear tropical sky on realized this year when, in spite of the Friday night (for that is when they war, Turkish, Mohammedan and Egyp- meet), with their hearts filled to overtian Christian girls have kept their flowing with love for their great Destrong friendships for each other." liverer, singing such familiar hymns as 'I will follow Jesus.' Think of the Conditions in the Kamerun young men of purpose eager to give their testimonies and timid women hesitating WAR conditions in the West Africa to speak, yet ready to die for their Mission of the Presbyterian Lord."

Church in the U. S. A. have rendered it

IInporting Bibles Into Nigeria at Mbereshi, Northern Rhodesia, when the directors' appeal reached the Cen- I N Nigeria, West Africa, some four tral Africans there. Rev. W. Fresh- million of the people are Ibos, who water translated the letter of the dispeak one language, though with wide rectors and read it to his people on Sundiversities of dialect. To meet the re- day, with explanation and exhortation. quirements of these people, what is called He thus describes the sequel: "It was the Union-Ibo version of the Bible has decided to hold a day of thanksgiving, been translated by representatives of the the Saturday preceding our quarterly missionary societies working in Nigeria, communion being appointed for this and published by the British and Foreign purpose, when it is usual for many peo- Bible Society. This version recently ple to come in from the surrounding reached West Africa. Archdeacon Den- villages. The day was made a general nis, of Ebu, Owerri, in the C. M. S. holiday at Mbereshi, so that we might Mission, describes the arrival of a con- give ourselves unencumbered to the signment. News is brought to the mis- service of thanksgiving. The day evension station that cases have arrived at tually arrived. Some of the Christians the nearest point on the river. Imagine even came in on the Friday evening. a line of 124 African carriers, each with Others began to come in good time on the regulation load of sixty pounds on the Saturday. By three o'clock a his head, walking in single file along the crowd had gathered under the shade of narrow track through the bush. Twenty- the trees, with their gifts on their heads five Bibles in a tin-lined case make a or in their hands. After hymn and load, so that the porters carry 3,100 prayer, and a very few words, the givcopies. One hundred and twenty cases ing began, the women bringing their take some stowing away when storage offerings first. It was a serious and an room is limited and precautions have to earnest business, for the people gave be taken against the depredations of willingly. The gifts were varied, inwhite ants. If the demand for Bibles deed. They included three head of catkeeps up to the present level, the 3,100 tle, two sheep, one goat, nine fowls, copies will be sold within a year. bangles, several hundreds of bracelets, a hoe, several axes, several hundreds of "Elijah" in west Africa pounds of flour, two or three hundreds of pounds of corn, nuts, potatoes, I N the Sierra Leone Protectorate, a pumpkins, mats, pots, soap, a pair of Mohammedan named Waliku has scissors and several other trifles." given out that he is commissioned by the Government to destroy the secluded Indian Christians Help Soldiers groves, known as the "Porro Bushes," which are associated with the tribal mys- T HE Army Young Men's Christian teries, and that Islam is to become the Association of India continues its State religion. As proof of his authority service in East Africa. Its work conhe showed a picture of the British King, sists mainly in managing the entire field which was merely one of a series of war canteen service for the Expeditionary pictures sent out from England. To Force, in visits of cheer and helpfulness stem the evil, a statement suited to the to the hospitals, and in the maintenance case has been issued, with the Governor's of institutes and hostels. Secretaries of consent, by Archdeacon Cole and the the Association follow each of the desuperintendent of one of the American tachments which are campaigning in the missions in Sierra Leone. "bush." Very recently the opportunity has come to start work for negroes in Oxen in the Collection East Africa, and it was due to the fore- sight of Mr. Carter, the National Sec- N0 more thrilling and picturesque of- retary for India, during his stay in fering to the London Missionary America, in securing Max Yergan, that Society in its recent financial crisis has a negro secretary could be sent for this been reported than the mountain of gifts in kind that were brought together

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work, wHich promises so well. Several based upon force an 1 self-interest and more consecrated negro secretaries are not upon love, with which the children needed. are made too familiar.

Throughout the year efforts have The Gospel In Spain and Portugal been continued for the German prison- ers of war interned in India. Although I N consequence of changes in the ad- many of the prisoners have now been ministration of the laws, the Evan- repatriated to Germany, the work con- gelicals of the Peninsula are now able tinues, and will do so as long as there to preach and work freely in districts are men in need. Probably the most they were unable to visit in the past. far-flung piece of work of the Indian In both lands, the decay of superstition Association is what is being done for the has led to a reaction of extreme unbelief, small body of Indian prisoners of war and unfortunately the Roman Church in Germany. Weekly gifts of tea, curry is more rooted than ever in its proclama- powder and Indian condiments are sent tion of superstitious practices that appear them. incredible to Protestant Christians. The Virgin Mary is openly preached as the EUROPE joint Redeemer of the world, and the honor paid to her is as great as that paid War and Child Morality to our Lord. In fact, there are many more images of the Virgin in "the land THE United Board of Sunday Schools of the holiest Virgin" than there are in England has been making a study memorials to our Saviour. Every man and woman who comes out on the side of the effects of the war upon child life. of Christ has to make a sacrifice. Iso- It was learned that juvenile delinquency lation is his fate, and the life lived must in London has increased 40 per cent. be pure and straight, as this is expected "The war has created an excitement in by the people. The influence of conthe minds of the children," says Cecil secrated lives has been one of the greatest M. Chapman, the metropolitan magis- helps to the work of the Evangelicals, trate. Sir Edward Troup, of the Home who have broken down opposition in Office, has issued a circular to the magis- many quarters and have won respect trates in which he states that he "has where they were formerly despised. under consideration representations respecting the recent increase in the num- A Bit of India In France ber of offenses by children and young persons under sixteell years of age." A N English Young Men's Christian "Punishable offenses have grown in sev- Association secretary, Mr. A. K. enteen of the largest towns of England Yapp, who has recently spent three about 40 per cent," and he adds, "the weeks on a tour of inspection of the increase in the number of juvenile of- Association centers, describes an experifenders is mainly caused by an increase ence which sounds more like India than of nearly 50 per cent in cases of larceny, France: but there are also more charges of assault, malicious damage, gaming, and "I had an interesting experience in an offenses against the educational acts." Indian hospital hut. That, too, was The causes for this "loss of discipline," crowded, and the men were sitting round which is widely commented upon, are trestle tables enjoying an Indian feast. the absence of fathers who are in the We had served out to us Indian bread, army; depreciation of the school influ- curry and rice, sweets, apples, oranges, ence on account of shortage of teachers walnuts, raisins and exceptionally sweet and keeping school only part time; the tea. 'Yapp Sahib' was then asked to leaving of school for work at an earlier declare the hut open, and my brief speech age, there being now from one hundred was followed by three elaborate adand fifty to two hundred thousand chil- dresses, one by a Mohammedan, one by dren between the ages of eleven and a Brahmin, and another by a Sikh. A thirteen released from school to do war- stately Indian advanced, placed a gartime work; a low type of patriotism

land of chrysanthemums and roses NORTH AMERICA around my neck, and a similar one on that of the commissioned officer, also Mr. AJDerican Church Gains McCowen and Mr. Callen. He then handed me a lovely bouquet, and sprin- T HE churches of the United States kled the remainder of the petals of the have not suffered financially from the Bowers over our heads. It was good European war and the increased cost of afterwards to hear all those men give living, nor has their ordinary rate of three cheers for the Young Men's Chris- growth been reduced the past year, actian Association." cording to the report of the Federal Council of Churches. Protestant, Ro- Belgian heIief in Holland man and Eastern Orthodox Churches had in 1916 an aggregate of over IN Holland's budget for 1916 no le3S 40,000,000 communicants or members, than one-eighth of the nation's ex- crossing the forty million mark by penditure was allocated for the main- about 17,000. The net increase of the tenance and relief of the Belgian refu- year was 747,000, or 204,000 more gees. This shows concretely the noble than the increase for 1915. efforts made by the Dutch in behalf of the refugees settled temporarily within In 1890 the total religious strength its borders. But not only has the State was 20,618,000, so that in twenty-six itself spent money; there has been an years the net increase has been 19,399,- equal disbursement of voluntary aid in 000 or 94 per cent., while the gain in the work of relief organization. From the population of the country for the the first days of the war Holland wel- same period has been about 39,000,000 comed without any selfish reservation or 61 per cent. The churches, thereall the panic-stricken Belgians who came fore, gained faster in proportion than flying over the frontier. Spontaneously the population. local committees sprang up in all directions, and, in addition to general private Of the gains in 1916, about 216,000 hospitality, camps were organized with were of the Roman Catholic and some extraordinary rapidity for the housing 500,000 of the Protestant bodies. and relief of the destitute. In four Among the latter, 136,000 are credited large camps are now concentrated some to the Methodist, 132,000 to the Bap- 16,000 persons who have neither friends tist, and upward of 79,000 to the Presnor means to find hospitality like more byterian and Reformed group. fortunate refugees. These camps are complete cities of refuge, fully provided Dr. Carroll, the compiler of this rewith hospitals, creches, dispensaries, iso- port, presents a chapter, indicating the lation wards, and schools. Doctors, distribution of communicants and popunurses and nuns give their services, and lation of the chief world communions they work in conjunction with the So- of Protestantism. The Anglican comciety of Friends, whose organization is munion has an estimated population of one of the most remarkable features of 26,758,000 in the world, the Baptist of the scheme of relief. But in addition to 2 I ,000,000, the Congregationalist of the poorer refugees thus provided for, 4,355,000, the Lutheran of 70,500,000, there are over 80,000 being relieved the Methodist of 32,418,000, and the othewise throughout the countrv. The Presbyterian and Reformed of 30,800,- various forms of relief are being con- 000. It is shown that the prevailing tinued, and they are as ample and as estimates of the strength of Proteshearty now as in the first months of the tantism are far too low, and that nearly, war. America may well learn a lesson if not quite, 200,000,000 are Protestant from Holland in the large-hearted, joy- members and adherents. ful relief of the suffering neighbor in spite of personal hardships brought on by WOInen and International Friendship the war at one's very doors. AT a conference held in N ew York in January, under the joint aus- pices of the American Council of the World Alliance for Promoting Inter- national Friendship through the

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SUMMARY FOR 1916 NET GAINS FOR 1916 ….. .. DENOMINATIONS ~~ ….,. ..,, 8=.&<l .l!l I~ 815 .l!l ..c:: 81S '8'" ..c"~:: 8"8 '8'" ~" o·~ ~ 0 ~ ..c:: 0': 0 Adventists (6 bodies) ……….. , ………… , 1,501 2,794 112,054 268 52 5,707 Baptists (15 bodies) .. , .. , …………….. , .. 43,911 57,734 6,534,132 365 101 13….41….,,….78….57o9 Brethren (Dunkard) (4 bodies) .. , … , …… , .. 3,645 128,594 Brethren (Plymouth) (4 bodies). , …………. 1,295 10,566 ………9……1. ……….3……5 Brethren (River) (3 bodies) ….. , ………. , .. . '224 4,903 Buddhists (2 bodies) ……….. , ………. , .. 403 3,165 Catholic Apostolic (2 bodies) …. , …………. 15 105 33 74 4,927 24 Catholic (Eastern Orthodox) (7 bodies) ……… 404 475 485,500 66 56 18,00 492 .2..1.9 220,732 d90 25 ti.2.,3..29 Catholic (Western) (3 bodies) …………….. 20,129 …. Christadelphians ……………………….. …. .

Christians..•……………… , …………. 1,066 35 …. …. Christian Catholic (Dowie) ……………….. 15,447 14,330,370 70 1,500 1,360 106,159 17 5,865 Christian Union……………………….. 365 330 16,825 5 10 525 Church of Christ Scientist ……………….. 2,998 1,499 85,096 170 85 'd6i Churches of God (Winebrennarian) ………… 434 484 28,033 d6 d9 …. 7 Churches of the Living God (Colored) (3 bodies) . 101 68 4,286 …. …. ..d.7. d1 Churches of the New Jerusalem (2 bodies) ….. 140 150 9,772 59 148 • 0.' 4 Church Transcendent…………………… 2 3 d9 d283 'd23 Communistic Societies (2 bodies) ………….. 3 10,074 Congregationalists……………. , ………. 5',974 13 1,989 6,106 790,488 Disciples of Christ (2 bodies) ……. , ………. 8,424 11,182 1,337,450 386 d769 44,053 ..d…2…8 ..4..,.6…62 Evangelical (2 bodies) …………………… 1,572 2,573 209,917 ……..8 Faith Associations (9 bodies)……………… 9,572 Free Christian Zion Church ………………. 241 146 1,835 20 15 d92 .d.3.4. .d.7..66 Friends (4 bodies)………………………. 1,379 964 …. 119,371…. …. 1(i,6..9.o Friends of the Temple…………………… 3 3 376 ….4 German Evangelical Protestant. …………… 59 34,704 …1.1 German Evangelical Synod……………….. 1,089 66 274,787 Jewish Congregations………. , ………….. 1,084 1,389 143,000 1,769 Latter-Day Saints (2 bodies) ……………… 4,260 1,713 415,000 125 33 18,000 ….. Lutherans (21 bodies) …………………… 9,847 15,289 2,454,334 159 20 20,150 Scandinavian Evangelical (3 bodies) ………… 663 577 62,900 34 d80 Mennonites (12 bodies) …….. , ………….. 1,488 813 64,796 12 53 3,465 136,176 Methodists (16 bodies) ………………….. 41,800 62,783 7,608,284 62 …5.5 71 3 Moravians (2 bodies) ……………………. 148 147 21,859 …. ….. Nonsectarian Bible Faith Churches………… 50 204 6,396 ..d.1. 135 2,71o Pentecostal (2 bodies) …………………… 36,119 1,011 1,013 121 Presbyterians (12 bodies) ………………… 13,885 16,298 2,171,601 43 d86 67,562 Protestant Episcopal (2 bodies) ……………. 5,680 8,134 1,078,435 59 d7 26,739 Reformed (4 bodies) ……………………. , 2,223 2,808 514,543 68 26 11,941 Reformed Catholic……………………… 7 3,250 Salvation Army………………………•.. 3,225 6 28,203 ..'2..6..4.. "26 539 967 Schwenkfelders ………………………… 6 1,072 …….. ….2.9 Social Brethren…………… , ………….. 15 6 1,262 ………… …….. ………. Society for Ethical Culture……………….. 7 17 20 6 2,450 1,147 Spiritualists…….. ". " ……………….. ….. 1,500 200,000 Th~os~phical So.ciety ……………………. 174 6,45968o Umtanans ……………………………. "504 472 5,861 United Brethren (2 bodies) ……………….. 4,092 2,247 71,110 d8 3 366,877 62 70 .1..0.2 .3.,3..0.0 Universalists………………………….. 662 865 58,300 ….6 48,673 – – – Independent Congregations ………………. 267 879 – – – Grand Total in 1916 …………….. 182,843 225,321 40,016,709 2,643 117 746,669 Grand Total in 1915 ………… , …. 180,000 225,204 39,270,040 1,312 d289 542,962 d. Decrease.

Churches and the Federal Council of their most effective contribution to the the Churches of Christ in America, promotion of international' friendship more than one hundred specially invited and world-justice through organization. outstanding leaders spent the larger The members of the conference reprepart of a day in considering how the sented twenty-one denominations, and Christian women of America may make were for the most part the leaders and

officers of the principal organizations of sionary Convention in Lexington, Ken- Christian women in the country. After tucky, February 20 to 22. A strong full and spirited discussion it was unani- national note was sounded in the keymously voted that the best results would note "America Must Not Fail" in her be secured by having women "become duty to her own people, to other nations an integral part of the organization of or to God. Dr. J. S. Lyons, of Atlanta, the American Council" and "represented said that God had challenged America upon the Executive Committee," and a first to occupy the continent, second to committee was appointed to bring this establish a free constitutional governabout. ment and now to exert a powerful in- fluence for God in all the world. WaR 20,000 Too Many? There was an unusual number of J OHN R. MOTT states that the men strong speakers and a spirit of devout of the universities and colleges who enthusiasm. are fighting in the trenches constitute a challenge to the Church of Jesus Christ. Wasilington Goes Dry He refers to an early criticism of the Student Volunteer Movement and its I N spite of all they failed to do, the famous) watchword: "The Evangeliza- United States Congressmen passed tion o~ the World in This Genera- some good measures during the recent tion.'! 'It was criticized because it Congress. Among these was a prohibiwould be too much of a strain upon the tion law for the District of Columbia to colleges of the world to furnish "twenty go into effect after November I next. thousand new missionaries, men and The vote was 273 to 137. Most of the women, in thirty years to accomplish this opponents of the bill were from New task." Not long since a cablegram from York, Boston, Baltimore, Philadelphia Germany asked Dr. Mott's permission and Chicago. They also passed the to translate a book that it might be sent Reed "bone dry" amendment barring as a Christmas present to 43,000 Ger- the shipment of liquor into prohibition man students in the trenches. In other states. words, the universities of one nation had put into the trenches twice as many men The Senate bill does not prohibit the as were asked for, men and women, to importation of liquor for personal use, go into all the world as Christian mis- but abolishes the 300 saloons in the Dissionaries in thirty years. The other day trict on November 1, and absolutely a very impressive volume came from prohibits the sale or manufacture for Oxford, giving the names of 11,000 sale of intoxicants after that date. Oxford graduates and undergraduates, who have entered the war. The num- Prohibition Victory in Newfoundland ber from Cambridge is a little larger. In other words, these" :two universities SINCE January 1 the new law in have put into the fight, in less than Newfoundland forbids the import, three years (and about twelve per cent. of them have been killed already), as manufacture or sale of intoxicating liqmany men as were wanted from all the uors, and no alcoholic compound will be colleges of the earth in thirty years. obtainable except for medicinal, manu- "You will never again," says Dr. Matt, facturing or sacramental purposes. In "hear me making such small demands order to prevent evasion of the law a upon young men and young women in long list of patent medicines has been our gener~tion." placed under the ban. The druggists having petitioned the legislature not to Tile Lexington C!>nvention put upon them the obligation of carry- ing stocks of liquors and dispensing them A BOUT 3,000 men, including 1,500 on the prescription of doctors, the gov- registered delegates, gathered at the ernment has provided a public controller Southern Presbyterian Laymen's Mis- through whom medicinal prescriptions will be filled and supplies obtained for manufacturing, while provision is made whereby the various churches can have

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their own agencies for importing wine schools in Buenos Aires, with its 1,800,- for sacramental use. It is figured that 000 inhabitants. Now there are four the colony's annual "drink bill" was such classes, using the Beginners' about $1,000,000. Graded Lessons, and the habit is spread- ing. One lady writes that her chil- LATIN AMERICA dren's favorite game is "playing" Sun- day-school, and that there is nothing they A Missionary Report froID Mexieo enjoy so much as going to Sunday-school, now that their classroom has been made REV. R. R. GREGORY, of the so attractive with little chairs, black- Presbyterian Mission in Mexico, board and sand-table. They now come to Sunday-school twenty minutes ahead who has recently returned to his work, of time, eager to get into their little is encouraged to find how well it has classroom, and it is not uncommon to been going on. He writes: find some of them bringing some little stranger-friend whom they wish to in- "I never saw the people so anxious trodlice to their fine class! and keen for education for their children, yet there is a dearth of good teach- Japan's New Islands ing material and also funds to establish schools. Would that the United States T HE islands of the Caroline and as a whole could realize that $1,000,000 Marianne groups, Pelau, Yap, gold would go a great way in uplifting Ponape, Kusaie, Jaluit, etc., for a time the masses through education. ruled by Germany, are now being nomi- nated "Japan's New Islands." Be- Last month our town (Zitacuaro) tween them and Japan a regular steamer had been alarmed many times by Za- service has been established, and the patista invasions. They have burned Japanese are losing no time in subjecting several small towns nearby. It makes them to their civilizing process. The plans for the future work uncertain and largest of these islands is Yap, which has very hard to formulate. It also brings a population of over six thousand, mainly uneasiness all around. native, but included before the outbreak of the war, forty Germans, twenty I t seems to the congregations good to Japanese and Chinese and an Englishsee the missionary again in their midst. man or two. The other day I visited among one of the congregations two days and held East and West, commenting on these family worship in their homes. In spite new possessions of Japan's in the South of misery and suffering because of Seas, says: "If Japan as the governing typhus and other sicknesses, which left Power does not carry with her the orphan children and widows and meagre Gospel of Christ, then that must come provisions for their bodies, I found a to the islanders from another source. living faith and it rejoiced my heart to Here is the trouble. Samples of the be with them." difficulties thus created have been seen already in Korea and Formosa. Japan The SundaY-School Popular has, indeed, been a disappointment to the many who believed that her heart was A TWO-MONTHS' visitation of readily opening to receive the truth of the west coast of South America the Gospel, and that she might even now has just been made by Rev. George P. have been proving herself a powerful in- Howard, Sunday-school secretary for strument under God for the evangelizathat continent, under the World's Sun- tion of other peoples in the East." day School Association. On this trip, Mr. Howard has covered the coast from The American Board has German Concepcion and Temuco in the south, to missionaries at work in the Marshall Lima and Callao in the north, and has Group. Word of their well-being has spent several days in each city visited. recently come to the Board, after a long break in communications. Mr. Howard has been organizing the Cradle Roll and Beginners' Departments all along the line. Six months ago there was not a single Kindergarten Department in any of the fifty Sunday

ODI'l'UARY NO'l'ES of the Rev. J. W. Lloyd. He was ac- JO$epb K. Greene, of 'rBI"key cepted as a missionary in 1900, but did not sail for the mission field until Oc- F EW missionaries of the American tober 20, 1906. He went as an honor- Board have been so well known in ary missionary, the first representative the United States as was Dr. Joseph K. of the Cambridge U niversi ty Missionary Greene, who died at Oberlin, 0., on Party-a band of Cambridge men February 10. pledged to go into the mission field, or to support those of their number who do He was born in Auburn, Maine, in so. After a few months in learning the 1834 and was graduated from Bowdoin Hausa language he began work among College and Union Seminary. He the Suras, a pagan tribe in the Bauchi sailed for his field in Turkey in 1859, highlands, at Panyarn. A second staand entered into the manifold labors of tion, Kabwir, was occupied a year or the ordained missionary in such a way as two later, and in 1915, after great diffito endear himself not only to his fellow- culty in obtaining the consent of the workers, but to the people for whom government, Mr. Lloyd occupied Per. they were working. While in Turkey Dr. Greene was editor of newspapers Robe:t-t A. Haden, of China printed in Armenian, Greek and· Turkish. ONE of the recent losses due to the war is the death of Rev. Robert For thirty-eight years of his term of service he was located at Constantinople. Allen Haden. the American missionary Since his withdrawal from the field in who was drowned when the French 1910, he has done very effective service steamer Athas was torpedoed in the in speaking. Very recently he published Mediterranean. Mr. Haden was one a valuable book on Missions in Turkey, of the influential Presbyterian Amerientitled "Leavening the Levant." Dr. cans in China. Greene was a devoted missionary, a superb Christian gentleman, a friend to During the thirty years or more that everyone whom he met, and one whose he spent in Suchau, he built up the Elizpresence added joy and inspiration to abeth Blake Hospital, which originally every gathering he graced. consisted of a small one-story building, into a great hospital set in beautiful Mark B'. Grier, of China grounds, with all kinds of wards and a splendid laboratory. Besides being a REV. MARK B. GRIER, of the hospital where thousands of Chinese North Kiangsu Mission of the were treated, it was a great school for teaching Chinese women nursing and Southern Presbyterian Board, China, Chinese men to become physicians. died January 6th at the home of his brother in Due West, S. C. Mr. Haden spent most of his time making tours of the country preaching Mr. Grier was the senior among the and instructing Chinese. His works in missionaries of Sutsien, an important educating and civilizing the Chinese city on the Grand canal, near the Shan- were so well known that he could go tung border. He won a large influence to any of the great American and British among the Chinese of the upper classes, companies and get anything he wanted particularly through activities in relief in the way of labor, engineering help, of famine sufferers and as principal of transportation and raw materials. Sutsien high school for boys. He leaves several children and a widow, who was He lived in a small bungalow, eating formerly a member of the Shantung mis- meals as meagre as those of the Chinese sion of the Presbyterian Board. with whom he worked. He spent noth- ing on himself, and all of his money w. Rey ••J. I~loyd, of Afl.°ica went to his family in Switzerland, where his children were being educated. The THE Church Missionary Society an· Chinese converted by him numbered announces a great loss to the West- thousands.

ern Equatorial Africa Mission by the death at Kabwir from blackwater fever

and History of the Federal well says that in this time of

Council of Churches of Christ in crisis, when existing customs are every- America. By 'the Rev. Elias B. San- where being challenged and the very ford, D.D. 8vo. S. S. Scranton Co., existence of civilized society seems threat- Hartford, Conn., 1916. ened by the world war, it is essential that we should raise anew the question The title of this book suggests a vol- as to the nature and grounds of our ume useful for reference, but not par- Christian faith, and should ask: ourticularly interesting reading. However, selves whether the enterprise in which the book is interesting as well as useful. we are engaged is a practicable one: It combines the charm of autobiography worthy of the allegiance of sensible men. and history. The author tells us how Especially is this inquiry appropriate in it came about that, after he had passed a country where Christianity is a mishis fiftieth birthday, he was brought into sionary religion, facing older faiths special relations with the movement for which also claim universality. But in co-operation in Christian work until he truth the issue here raised transcends all hecame the first Secretary of the Federal local or national limitations. The ques- Council of Churches, a post which he tion whether Christianity is a practiheld until advancing years compelled his cable religion is not simply a missionary retirement. Now, at the age of seventy- question; it is a human question. three, he writes of the beginnings and development of the movement which has And the world's answer is negative. attained such large proportions and "This war with all its horrors is the which promises so much greater things direct result of the fact that the men for the future. Perhaps the book might in control of the policy of the leading be called one of reminiscences rather European nations, whatever their perthan of history. It is personal and sonal attitude toward Christianity as a chatty to a delightful degree, with many private faith may have been, have dereferences to prominent Christian men, liberately accepted the thesis of its social living and dead. The author has ren- impracticability and have been sustained dered a great service to the cause of in this attitude by the public sentiment Christ by collecting these facts while of their respective countries. When we they are still fresh in his memory and follow back the present situation to its while he is able to clothe them with such remoter causes, we are led to a story of human interest, while the future his- selfish exploitation and conscienceless torian will find much material here that cruelty in which everyone of the nahe will need. tions, without exception, is to a greater or less degree involved. There is not Is Christianity Practicable 1 By Will- one who can say, 'I am blameless.' iam Adams Brown. 8vo. $1.25. To all alike the call comes to national Charles Scribner's Sons, 1916. repentance and national reformation. When the war is over and the questions This question is the title of a book by of reconstruction are to be faced, this the well-known Professor of Theology question will have to be answered by in the Union Theological Seminary, those responsible for the terms of peace; New York. It consists of five lectures whether the philosophy which underlies delivered in Japan during a recent visit the diplomacy of the past two generato that country which the 1j.uthor made tions is still to control, or whether from as the Union Seminary Lecturer on the mere point of view of human pru- Christianity in the Far East. The dis- dence and reason, if from no higher cussion goes straight to the heart of the ground, it may not prove wise to try a crucial problem of the age. Dr. Brown

different method? If the former alter- nation is the final unit and that no native shall prevail, we know what to humanitarian considerations should be expect. After a breathing space, longer allowed to stand in the way of the na- or shorter, there will be a renewal of tional interest." He declares that "war, what we have been experiencing in Eu- not simply in its consequences, but in its rope on a scale as much more portentous ideals, is the uncompromising foe of all and terrible than what we now see, as in which as Christians we believe and the forces which in the meantime modern for which we ought to <;trive." He l:olds science shall have evoked will be vaster that Christ's teaching is eminently sane and more appalling. N or is this all. and that it can really be put into effect With the rapid education of the great socially, nationally and internationally, peoples of the remoter East, it is already 'as well as individually. He believes certain that in a time longer or shorter, that the time has come for the Church but distinctly measurable, these unnum- to preach with new power what Jesus bered millions of men, hitherto largely called the "Kingdom of God," which aloof or quiescent so far as the Western he defines to "mean the new social order world is concerned, will be drawn into in which the principles of Christ shall the vortex and increase by their new dominate all the relations of life; a so- reserves of power the terror of the im- ciety in which trust shall replace fear, pending cataclysm. love take the place of strife, co-opera- Against this tragic background stands tion of selfish competition; in which Jesus' program for humanity, "universal helpfulness shall be the test of greatness, in scope, spiritual in nature, a society of and the supreme reward, the consciousbrothers bound to one another by com- ness of having deserved well of one's mon ideals, common aspirations, and kind."

common experience. Is it possible to This is a remarkable book. I t is a realize such a society in fact? Is force missionary apologetic of a high order, to be supreme in the world, or is there since it deals convincingly with the something stronger still-the love that grounds of our belief that Christianity bears and forbears, that 'suffereth long is a world faith which can be reasonably -and is kind,' that 'taketh not account of presented for universal adoption. It is evil,' that 'rejoiceth not in unrighteous- broad in vision, catholic in sympathy, ness, but rejoiceth with the truth'? Is clear in thought and expression, and Christ to be the ultimate conqueror or profoundly Christian in tone. It is a the Superman of Nietzsche?" If these small book, only 238 pages, and with questions must be answered in the nega- large type at that, but the very essence tive, there is no hope of the future either of. religion and of statesmanship is in for the Church or for the world. The its pages.. If the world is ever going to former must confess its inability to find its way out of the darkness and dominate the lives of men and become tumult in which it is now involved, it a mere side issue, and the latter must must do so along the path which Dr.

go on fighting to the end of time. Most Brown so clearly points out in this men agree that Christianity is practi- volume.

cable for individuals, but the question A Master Builder. The Life and Letnow is whether it is practicable for so- ters of Henry Yates Satterlee, First ciety as well as for the individuals who Bishop of Washington. By Charles compose it. H. Brent. 8vo, 477 pp. Longmans, Green & Co., 1916. Dr. Brown answers this question with a clear and confident affirmative. He is not a pacifist in the popular meaning Dr. Satterlee was for fifteen years of the word, but he combats the policy assistant and then rector of a country of militarism, "which creates the dan- church at Wappinger Falls, N. Y., then gers against which it warns." He in- for fourteen years rector of a great city sists that "as Christians we cannot ad- parish in Calvary Church, New York mit the nationalist's contention that the City, and for the remaining twelve years

MISSIONARY LIBRARY

of his life Bishop of Washington. This ager. Some, as teachers and mlSSlOn- was a career of rich, strong, developing anes, laid the foundation upon which service, built on solid foundations, Jesus New China is rising; one represents the Christ Himself being the chief corner- modern physician in the westernizing- of stone. He was a sincere, large-minded, medical practice in China and has him- direct, loyal Christian man, and a wise self fought the plague in Manchuria and courageous leader of Christian men. with the bravery and by the methods of His life contains pertinent and inspiring the West. Some, as long-time residents lessons for all Christian workers who of China, have seen the revolution in its would do solid and enduring work and inception, its development, its outbreak i it teaches much that is important in they have known its leaders and in some missionary service and policy. It fell cases have taught them as students.

to Dr. Satterlee to discern and to de- Still others are authorities on the com- fend right principles with regard to the plicated international situation in China; missions of the Protestant Episcopal some of whom have themselves taken Church in so-called Roman Catholic leading parts in one of the most impor- lands. The problems which arose in tant events of the past couple of years, the course of the discussions were very the loan negotiations. Still others are difficult, but he saw clearly what was Chinese; some of them are students, the right way and he walked in it and while others have held important posi- led his church in it. Bishop Brent, his tions in the new Republic of China, and biographer, whose own work has been are living evidence of the influence of to establish and extend the Church in America in the Chinese revolution, for the Philippine Islands, is well able to they themselves are graduates of Ameri- appreciate Dr. Satterlee's service in this can higher institutions of learning."

regard. He was also a true pastor and The developments described are no pastor of pastors. His methods in help- longer the recent developments. The ing and inspiring his clergy are such scenes have shifted in ways that could methods as characterized "the training not be foreseen. But the historic ma- of the Twelve" and ought to be in prac- terial which is presented here is not af- tice in every foreign mission station. fected by the later changes. Indeed, it Bishop Brent has done the work of a is made all the more valuable, especially biographer with characteristic good such a paper as Mr. Drew's admirable judgment and good taste, and while the account of Sir Robert Hart. The judg- life he describes was not a brilliant or ments presented are individual judgments unique life, it was true and noble and with the freedom and the limitations good and its manly and godly influence characteristic of individual judgments of will endure. great corporate experiences, but they are in the main the judgments of competent Recent Developments in China. Clark and sympathetic observers, and this vol- University Addresses, November, ume which records them is a valuable 1912. Edited by George H. Blakes- historic record of much that might not lee. 8vo. G. E. Stechert & Co., otherwise have been preserved.

New York, 1916.

These are the papers and addresses Our Eastern Question. By Thomas F. presented at a conference on China at Millard. 8vo, $3.00. The Century Clark University, Worcester, Mass., Co., New York, 1916.

November 13-16, 1912. Of the speak- If one distrusts or dislikes Japan, he ers, some, as the editor, Professor will read this volume with large satis- Blakeslee, says, "knew the Manchu faction. If one is pro-Japanese, he will dynasty in its old days, and were deco- find some difficulty in disposing of the rated by the Imperial Court for distin- facts which it presents. The author has guished service; one carne into close long been a student of Asiatic problems.

personal touch with that almost unap- He has traveled widely in eastern Asia proachable sovereign, the Empress Dow- as a newspaper correspondent and he has been for five years editor of The China "( e) The great European war de- Press of Shanghai, the only American stroyed the international balance of newspaper in China. He writes, there- power in the Far East, creating a condi- fore, as an expert in Far Eastern affairs, tion which enabled Japan to disturb that with ample sources of information and region, and by reaction also to menace with the journalist's instinct for facts the peace of America. and for an effective way of stating them. After a few chapters on the Revolution " (f) Constructive action by the in China and the efforts at reconstruc- United States is required to help re- tion which the Chinese are making, he create that balance of power." devotes five chapters to Japan's aggressions in China, which he handles with- The chief difficulty that we have with out gloves from the viewpoint of strong the book lies in its evident anti-Japanese sympathy with the Chinese. He then attitude. We say this not because we takes up Japan's world policy and her have any disposition to defend the course relations with Great Britain; after of the Japanese, but because we believe which he discusses in several powerful that some of the facts are susceptible of chapters the relations of Japan to the a different interpretation, and that a United States. He closes with chapters more complete and balanced statement on "America and China" and the "Need might justify a less alarming conclusion. for a Positive American Policy." The In the present inflammable condition of 543 closely printed pages, including international relations, it is easy to devoluminous appendices giving the text scribe real difficulties in a way which of treaties, official <agreements and diplo- aggravates them and tends to precipitate matic correspondence, form a volume of the very dangers which are feared. Nor great interest, very able and very valu- should we overlook the fact that Ameriable for the number of facts which it cans themselves are partly responsible collates. The author's conclusions are for the strain that now exists. It is not stated as follows on pages 253-254: Japan's fault that our Pacific Coast States are treating her subjects so badly " (a) Japan is making deliberate prep- and we should not be surprised that she arations in anticipation, if not actually resents it. in expectation, of a collision with the United States. The Klondike Klan. By Rev. S. Hall Young. Illustrated, 8vo. 303 pp. "(b) Japanese popular thought and $I.35. Fleming H. Revell Co., New sentiment have been deliberately pre- York, 1916. pared for this eventuality by the Government, and are hostile toward the Alaska and the stampede for gold, over snow-capped mountains and down United States. roaring rivers, with the thermometer at "(c) While the Japanese Govern- times sixty degrees below zero, form the backgound of this thrilling missionary ment and press have formulated and love story. I t is worth reading-full stimulated this sentiment in Japan, a of realism, of human interest, of sym- Japanese propaganda in America has al- pathy with nature and with God. The most succeeded in lulling that nation story never grows dull, and while the into a false security, and has exerted an whole book is a missionary history, it is influence to prevent and retard measures so natural that sympathy will be drawn to prepare the United States against an to missionary work even from those who armed clash. have been antagonistic.

"( d) The fate of China, the stability The story is based on facts and many of the Monroe Doctrine (now embrac- of the characters are drawn from life or ing the new ideal of Pan-Americanism), are composites. Others are ideals. Th~ the balance of power in the Pacific author has spent many years in Alaska Ocean, and whether a yellow peril ever and gives from experience an excellent will become a reality, are questions in- picture of life there in one of the best cluded in the outcome of the relations missionary novels we have read. of Japan and the United States.

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1916

HORACE G. UNDERWOOD ADDRESSING A SUNDAY-SCHOOL RALLY OF SIXTEEN

PEOPLE, AT THE NORTH PALACE, SEOUL, KOREA When Dr. Underwood went to Korea in 1885, there were almost no Christians there. To-day there are over 200,000 Protestant Christians, many of whom are actively engaged in volunteer preaching of the Gospel

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. DECEMBER, 1916 NUMBER TWELVE XXXIX INFIDEL MISSIONS IN NEW YORK T HE forces for righteousness have never been more active in the great American metropolis than they are to-day. Not only are there hundreds of churches and missions, but during the summer one organization alone (the National Bible Institute) conducted 2,000 open-air meetings at which about 200,000 people heard the Gospel. Thousands indicated their purpose to become followers of Jesus Christ.

On the other hand, the enemies of God are not idle. The Devil will not readily yield his sway over men, and has enlisted his followers in al- most equally active campaigns for the destruction of faith in God and in opposition to the Church of Jesus Christ. Mr. John N. Wolf, super- intendent of the Beacon Light Gospel Hall, gives us the following striking facts that should stir every Christian to renewed prayer and active testimony.

While many Christians have been settling back with a sense of security in their Christianity, content to have pastors and a few other leaders take' the entire responsibility of extending the Gospel, the "Freethinkers" have been banding themselves together and pledging each other support, until to-day there stands confronting the Christian Church a strong, energetic and persistently busy organized force of infidelity, whose members are actively engaged in denying the deity and authority of Jesus Christ, and attempting to overthrow the Christian Church.

Several infidel organizations in New York City are known by various titles that do not indicate their real character. Among these are "The New York Secular Society," "The Harlem Liberal Alliance," "The Brooklyn Philosophical Society," and "The Church of the Social Revolution," all of which seem to be strongholds of organized infidelity. Their favorite methods of attack are: first, aggressive outdoor meetings; holding meetings at Madison Square and in all the principal thorough-

fares at noon and at night whenever the weather permits. At these meet- ings Jesus Christ and the Bible are held up to ridicule, and many blasphemies are uttered.

Distribution of infidel literature is a second method of attack. Books and pamphlets written by Tom Paine, Robert G. Ingersoll, Voltaire and others are widely distributed to the young men, who make up most of the audiences, and who eagerly buy almost anything that is offered in that line. A monthly magazine is also published, for the purpose of "Educating the public and freeing them from the bondage of religion."

A third form of this satanic activity is the debate, held sometimes at the public squares and sometimes in halls. The favorite themes at these meetings are: The Resurrection, The Virgin Birth, The Trinity, The Deity of Christ and The Authenticity of the Bible. These debates are often carried on by educated and able men, who display considerable familiarity with the subjects. The Enemy of God has able generals.

Another method employed to spread infidelity is the establishment of "Sunday-schools." At least four of these in New York City have come to our attention recently. Boys and girls of the neighborhood are brought together and are taught that the Bible is not true and that Jesus Christ was either a mere man or is the mere creation of somebody's distorted imagination. Not long ago a seemingly prosperous man boasted that his two boys, ten and twelve years of age, could and did "argue Christianity out of their schoolmates whenever the opportunity afforded." What harvest must we expect from such seed sowing?

This aggressive infidelity and agnosticism is a challenge to the Christian Church to proclaim the Gospel by word and deed to the unchurched and unsaved multitudes of men, women and children in our cities. Many pastors and laymen are recognizing the opportunity offered by the street meeting to reach the masses, and year after year, during the spring, summer and fall months, they have gone out into the highways and byways preaching the Word of Life. If the average Christian layman were only half as energetic and enthusiastic in witnessing to his faith as the average "Freethinker" is in voicing his unbelief, the activities of organized infidelity in New York City would be met with such a wave of aggressive evangelism as has not been known since the apostolic days. Men and women, boys and girls would then be brought from under the blighting, damning influence of infidelity into the light and liberty of the Son of God.

THE NEvV JAPANESE PREMIER M ANY of the references in the American press to the new Japanese Cabinet speak of the Premier, Count Terauchi, as militaristic and bureaucratic, and anticipate from him an aggressive and energetic foreign policy, a reactionary and repressive administration at home and, in general, an era of bold nationalism which will please the jingo element in Japan. Some of the Japanese papers

OF THE TIMES

speak in the same tone of the Premier and share these anticipations. When such expectations are formed it is often difficult, even with good intentions, to disappoint them. History is too ready to provide what is demanded of it. But there is good ground for rejecting these judgments and forebodings.

It is true that Count Terauchi is a soldier and has the confidence and regard of the military element in Japan, but he has never fought in wars which he brought on. His career in Chosen has been firm but pacific. Some of the most peace-loving Japanese statesmen preferred him as Premier to his most probable rival, on the ground that they believed he would pursue a more conciliatory or irenic course with regard to China and would work for the upbuilding of Japanese character at home, as he had striven by schools, good roads and energetic economic measures to improve Korean character and to promote the entire assimilation of the Koreans and the Japanese.

In an address to the prefectural governors soon after taking office, the new Premier avowed just such purposes as these. He promised that his constant aim would be to uphold justice and to use particular circumspection with regard to the foreign relations of the country, so that its faith with other nations should be kept above reproach. He wished in particular, he said, to maintain friendly relations with China and to place the peace of the Far East on a secure footing. The Premier urged that preparation be made for a reactionary period in trade immediately after the war was ended, the accumulation of specie to strengthen the currency system and the stimulation of the production of articles for export. He emphasized especially a need of national reform based upon the inculcation of the virtues of loyalty to the throne, filial devotion, clean living, honesty, industry, sense and honor. "The efficiency of our national defense depends largely upon the personal character and health of the people and also upon their economic development," he declared.

All friends of Japan will rejoice to credit these assurances and to hope for a peaceful and constructive administration under one who will seek peace the more steadfastly because he knows the horrors of war, and who will strive to promote the moral well being of the nation because he knmvs that righteousness and not force is the true basis of national greatness and prosperity.

VIEWS OF ANCESTOR VORSHIP IN CHIl'A WHEN, at the Shanghai Missionary Conference of 1877, the sub- ject of ancestor worship was discussed at length, the prevalent feeling of opposition was the only one to find full expression. In 1890, when the missionaries came together at the same city in a second General Con ference, three strong objectors to the ordinary view raised their voices against the orthodox presentation of the subject. At the Centenary Conference in 1907 ancestor worship was again discussed, but this time with scarcely any objection to the more liberal views which

seventeen years before had caused a demand for a division of the house in order to isolate those holding dangerous semi-heathen positions, as some regarded them. This gradual movement toward the position of the Jesuits in the seventeenth century, which divided the Romanists of China into two warring camps and which involved Popes in a controversy with China's most eminent emperor, Kang Hsi, is one of the signs of the times in this day of wide interest in universal religion, even in its lower animistic stages.

A long communication has been sent us, written by a consular officer of many years' residence in China. As a true Christian and as one who, through the courts and otherwise, has had occasion to study the subject under consideration, he has arrived at certain convictions which approximately coincide with those of the three dissidents almost outlawed by the General Conference of 1890. His general conclusions are stated in these words: "To my mind, it is clear that to be successful the Church of China must be a truly Chinese Church. Its spirit will be one with the Christian spirit throughout the world; but its form, ritual and festivals, its outward aspects, should be distinctively Chinese and conform to Chinese traditions. As such it would be a bulwark of national life and would be a part of it, not as now a mere excrescence, foreign in form, tradition and tendency. Before it can become truly Chinese, a formula must be found for ancestor worship."

Probably two-thirds of the Chinese missionaries would agree with this contention; but relatively few would assent to all of his proposals looking toward this objective.

As a British official dealing with Chinese lawsuits, he has realized the value of ancestral tablets and the Chia Miao (family temples, literally) in which they are kept. Cases in which Christians have been ostracised, disinherited and deprived of patrimony because of their attitude· toward ancestral worship, or of their destruction of the tablets ("seats of the soul"), have come to his attention. Cases of another sort, in which official position has been secured through "family coherence," as he calls the help from clan and the immediate family in the old examination system, involving the successful civil service candidate in obligations to cousins to the nth degree, make him realize how impossible it is for an upright official to accept all family obligations. Christian principles are essential to alter many things in official practise, and how can Christianity be accepted as the transformer of life when this primal substratum of the family, ancestor worship, is tabooed by the Church? He asserts: "Christianity is in essence too strongly individualistic a religion to assimilate the doctrine of Chinese filial piety. But if Christianity adapts itself ~o conserve the civil forms of this tradition, I firmly believe that it will reenforce and vitalize the national life and morals to the benefit of the country. It would, moreover, have a much better chance of influence for good than it has, so long as it is anti-official and antagonistic to the national tradition."

All this sounds very much like the reasoning of three centuries ago, when Ricci's followers, as Jesuits, argued the case with their opponents

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of the Dominican and Franciscan Orders. That statement does not at all settle the question, for it is becoming increasingly acute in the New China of to-day, with its tendency to independence in religion and with so many of the younger missionaries in favor of a more liberal view of such worship.

It is inevitable that this theme will be resuscitated and much debated; but in our opinion it is not a matter that the Occidental Christian, nor the Occidental theological professor, can discuss profitably. It is a problem so dependent upon an intimate knowledge of Chinese literature and of Chinese sentiment and usage that only Chinese scholars and competent foreign sinalogues can settle it at all satisfactorily. For Americans to pronounce upon the question would be as futile and as stultifying as was the action of Roman pontiffs of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the case. We firmly believe that Chinese Protestant Christians will realize the true inwardness of these practices and will solve the problems of ancestor worship in the spirit and with the wisdom of our generati.on and of Christ.

THE REVOLT OF MOSLEMS REFERENCE has already been made to the uprising of the Sherif of Mecca against the authority of the Sultan of Turkey. Is this one way in which God is making the wrath of man to praise Him? Dr. J. Wilkie, of the Gwalior Presbyterian Mission, India, sees in this another indication that Turkey is digging her own grave. He writes: "Vhen the war broke out the Young Turkish Party saw glory for themselves, and Enver Pasha and his party compelled Turkey to throw in her lot with the Central Powers. Slowly, however, Turkey is reaping the fruit of her act. Russia has already taken a fairly large bite out of Turkey's most flourishing provinces. Most of Europe had previously been taken from her, and before the war is over she will need to pack up for some more congenial clime-if any such is left to her. Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine and all the old hoary fatherland of the race seem in a fair way to pass into other hands.

"The most severe blow of all was, however, aimed at the autocracy at Constantinople when the Sherif of Mecca seized the holy places of the Moslems and began driving out of old Arabia all signs of the authority of the Sultan."

What does this mean? It is a revolt of those who are wearied with Turkish control, especially with the Young Turks and what are called the Advanced Thinkers. This reform party have brought in many changes not only in Turkey but in all the Moslem world whe.re they have had influence. The conservative Moslem parties have been successively pushed out of office in Egypt, Turkey, Persia and Morocco. The true Moslems, however, declare emphatically that "reformed Moslems are Moslems no longer." The Sherif of Mecca is therefore opposed to the Young Turks on both religious and on political grounds. In his

revolt against Turkey he turns for protection to Great Britain as a nation favorable to the preservation of Moslem control of Moslem shrines.

The reformed Moslem parties are purely political, and their "Pan- Islamic League" and "All India l1os1em League" are efforts to preserve a dying Moslem political power. The "Holy War" in Persia and the Armenian outrages have also been spasmodic attempts to save a dying state.

The "Orthodox" Moslems in Arabia are breaking away from Turkey, since there is no longer a recognized head of Islam in Turkey. The Sherif of Mecca now aspires to this position as a religious rather than as a political office. Turkish government in Arabia has been a failure there as elsewhere, and their loss of even nominal authority is a blessing to mankind. Soon practically all of the Moslems of the world will be under Christian governments, and it is hoped that Islam will cease to be a national religion.

'V"hereas a century ago almost all Moslems were under Moslem rulers, it seems inevitable that the time will come when the entire Moslem world will be under Christian or at least under non-Moslem governments. When will the time come when Moslems will loyally acknowledge the sovereignty of the Lord Jesus Christ as supreme over Mohammed?

IS JUDAISM DISINTEGRATING?

N OT only is Mohammedanism breaking as a result of the war, but, according to Rev. Mr. 'iVebster, missionary of the United Free Church of Scotland in Budapest, there are signs also of the break-up of Judaism. A Jewish writer says: "All that goes to comprise Judaism has been battered well-nigh to death by the war." Mr. Webster calls attention to the great migration of Jews from Poland and elsewhere, and says: "The whole situation is one which Christians cannot view with equanimity, for the matters mentioned, together with the varieties of language spoken by the Jews, the differences in their educational and mental training, in their past political and social environment, their materialistic instincts, the ramifications of their influence on the life of other peoples, all indicate an acute problem; but the upheaval, the disintegration, the soul-hunger, the new groupings and new conditions mark also a perfectly unique opportunity."

All these sorrows of Israel call the Church to realize a danger, to regard a need, to show faith in the power of her own Gospel, and they challenge her to deal with her Jewish mission imperially and practically. The Church requires, more than ever, Jewish mission boards of men who have specialized in the Jewish question, who know the field, are acquainted with Jewish life and thought, conversant with the varieties of Jewish mission work, and therefore able to decide on the demands of the situation.

i; JEDITORIAL COMMENT ~

~" ,"UUil '@ LHriI,h "UUU 'LRN"r*sQ; 'LHhJ" LHhJ'"

RELIGION AND LIBERTY IN KOREA T HE able article on "Religious Liberty in Chosen," which appears in this number, is one of unusual interest. Mr. Komatsu is a fine type of the modern J ap.anese official. After a course at the Doshisha at Kyoto, the Christian College formerly conducted under the American Board and now under the auspices of the Congregational Churches of Japan, he spent several years in the United States at Yale and Princeton Universities. Educated, alert and capable, his abilities were soon recognized by the Japanese Government, and although he is still a comparatively young man, he was appointed by General Terauchi, now Prime Minister of Japan, to the important post of Commissioner of Foreign Affairs of the Government-General of Chosen.

Commissioner Komatsu writes, of course, from his own viewpoint, and in doing so naturally expresses some opinions and makes some statements with which American readers will not be in entire accord. We have, however, gladly given to him the freedom of our columns, and think it most helpful that he has courteously responded to our request. The length of the article and the importance of using it promptly, in spite of its arrival after our pages were filled, has led us to use it in this number in a slightly abbreviated form. Without any change in the statements or opinions expressed, we have left the honorable Commissioner to speak for himself.

It is significant that a responsible Japanese official of high rank should avail himself of an opportunity to state the views of his Government on a domestic issue before English readers on the other side of the world. It affords an additional evidence that the Japanese desire to have a friendly understanding with American and British nations. The era of national isolation has passed and governments can be no longer indifferent to the public opinion of mankind. The Japanese justly claim the right to make their own regulations regarding internal affairs, but they also understand that in this day of international relationships and intercommunication the sentiment of the world must be taken into account. So fully do the Japanese act upon this fact that for several years they have published in English a voluminous "Annual Report of Reforms and Progress in Chosen," in which they carefully explain what they are doing in Chosen and what their plans are for the future.

The pages omitted from Mr. Komatsu's article refer. chiefly to "The Korean Conspiracy Case." This involves so many differences of opinion and such disagreement as to what are the facts that it might cause useless controversy and misunderstanding to enter into a discussion

of the subject. It is now passed, and we trust is settled. V"e could have wished that he had qualified the words "plot" and "attempt" by the word "alleged," since many, even of the Japanese, hold that the accusations were not proven. The court proceedings in this now celebrated case were published long ago in English, and have been read by many persons not only in the Far East but in America and Great Britain. Anyone, reading that bulky pamphlet, can form his own opinion on the basis of the origi- nal documents. Mr. Komatsu is undoubtedly right in mentioning this case as one of the causes of misunderstanding between the Japanese Gov- ernment and the missionaries and Korean Christians.

The educational regulations of the Government-General in Chosen form, however, the main issue at present. A careful distinction should be made between the legitimate end which the Japanese Government is seeking and the wisdom of some of the methods used. The end is the. amalgamation of Chosen as an integral part of the empire of Japan, the assimilation of its people with the Japanese, and the development in them of a national spirit as citizens of the greater Japan. Vith this purpose we are in hearty sympathy, as are the missionary boards at home and an overwhelming majority of the missionaries in Chosen.

All agree, too, that the Japanese Government-General is unques- tionably right in regarding education as essential to the realization of this policy. Accordingly, we rejoice to see the Japanese developing a system of free public schools. We cordially concur, also, in the conviction of the Japanese that public schools maintained by the Government should exclude distinctively religious teaching. The reasons for separating education and religion in the public schools of the United States are made even stronger in Chosen by the presence of Confucianism, Christianity and a medley of rival sects of Buddhism. Of course, we cannot expect the Government to turn its public schools over to anyone of the religions, and in a land where non-Christian faiths still far outnumber Christianity, we may be thankful that the Government schools do exclude religion.

The point at which we differ from Mr. Komatsu's view is as to the right of religious people to teach religion in the private schools which they privately carry on at their own expense. It is right that the Japanese should require such schools to maintain a definite educational standard, but every other civilized government in the world freely accords to religious bodies the privilege to teach religion in private schools in which attendance is voluntary. There are thousands of such schools in the United States, Great Britain and Canada, and the same privilege is enjoyed by mission schools i·n the British possessions in Asia and Africa and in the Philippine Islands.

True friends of Japan in America and Great Britain regpet that the Government-General of Chosen has adopted a policy which, by requiring the omission of religious education from the curricula of these privately supported mission schools, may result in the closing of many

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of these schools that mean so much to the moral and intellectual develop- ment of the Koreans. * 'While we differ from Mr. Komatsu in his viewpoint and think that he has not made clear the distinction between religious education in public and in private schools, we are sure that our readers will share our high appreciation of the marked ability and candor with which he has presented the subject.

POSITIVE MESSENGERS WANTED F IFTY years ago the Foreign Missionary problem was much more simple than it is to-day. Then there were comparatively few boards engaged in the work, and there were not as many Protestant missionaries in all the foreign fields as are sent out now in one year. Then the evangelistic missionary predominated and theological training was considered most important. To-day the medical, educational, industrial and social departments of the work have become so large that they are sometimes in danger of absorbing or overshadowing the evangelistic.

JVloney then was difficult to secure, even in small amounts, and giving was a direct result of prayerful consecration. To-day foreign missions have become more popular through the advocacy of prominent men and women in all walks of life. Philanthropy has extended its interests to foreign lands, and larger gifts, like those of the Rockefeller Foundation, have made possible magnificent achievements in medical and educational work.

Fifty years ago there was more of an appeal to heroic self-sacrifice, for the pioneer work called for many hardships and dangers that do not now normally exist in most mission lands. The missionary was isolated and was called upon to do everything, from reducing a language to writing to building a boat.

The new situation both at home and abroad; the changes in theological views in some seminaries; the larger number of recruits called for and the different basis of appeal in much educational, medical and student work have made it much more difficult to select candidates with strong evangelistic purpose and clear and positive convictions as to the deity of Jesus Christ, the miracles of His life, birth and resurrection, the authenticity of the Bible and the necessity for spiritual regeneration and guidance.

In the apostolic days the call of the Holy Spirit set apart only those men best iltted to establish living churches in new ilelds. None were called with merely philanthropic interest in their brother men, and none who were uncertain in their distinctly Christian message. The men and women who have been truly successful, those who have been instrumental in converting cannibals and idolaters, in establishing praying and *This question is to be more fully disccussed by Dr. Arthur J. Brown, the Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, in an article entitled "]apanese Nationalism and Mission Schools in Chosen" in the January number of the International Review of Missions.

witnessing churches, have been men and women not only of fine Christlike spirit but of deep prayer life and strong convictions as to fundamentals. This is the kind of men and women needed to-day. These are the men and women. called for from the mission fields. Intellectual talents, practical experience and other qualities are desired, but spiritualmindedness and spiritual power are the prime requisites for those who would be God's ambassadors to non-Christian lands. These qualities are necessary to enable the missionary both to resist temptations to sin and compromise and to build up a living, growing, healthy Christianity in foreign lands. While we emphasize the need for high ideals of efficiency and adaptability, we must place the chief emphasis on spiritual equipment; we must make the basis of appeal for new missionaries that of Christ sending His ambassadors to give the regenerating Gospel rather than that of philanthropists who wish to help their fellow men to a higher physical, mental and spiritual plane of living. The Church of tomorrow in China, Africa and elsewhere will depend on the ideals and measure of spiritual power in those who are laying the foundation to-day.

May God thrust out into His harvest fields only the laborers who have been clearly separated and empowered by the Holy Spirit.

MEDICAL MISSIONARY CRISIS IN INDIA SO impelling has been the call for medical help in connection with the Great War that India has given up many of its male medical missionaries for military service. During the past two years British physicians especially have felt the call to offer their services to a base hospital or to an appointment with the troops on the battle-front.

Dr. R. H. H. Goheen, in charge of the Vengurla Mission Hospital, calls attention also to another reason why the medical mission work of British and Continental societies suffers during the war-the obvious reason of a reduced financial support from Europe. Also the increased cost of operation indicates the need of increased support. Medical supplies catalogues indicate a rise in price of not less than 50 per cent for the simpler drugs, e.g., epsom salts, and of as much as 600 per cent for the less common but none the less necessary drugs, e.g., sodium salicylate.

India's need for medical aid has, at the same time, become greater than ever. British medical officers, formerly in charge of civil hospitals and dispensaries, have been withdrawn for military service, and their places are now filled by subordinates. This, of course, puts in the hands of many locally trained Indians greater responsibilities than they ever dared to expect, and should help in their development. The Indian populace suffers, however, because of the absence of the trained men.

America especially is helping over the crisis in the medical missions of India by supplementing the reduced forces of many mission hospitals; by increasing gifts so as adequately to maintain existing work, and by providing for the additional work made necessary because of the withdrawal of the British medical officers from India.

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BY THE HUN. MIDORI KO:IATZU, LL.B. (YALE), M.A. (PRINCETON) Secretary General of the Central Council, Commissioner of Foreign Affairs, of the (Japanese) Government-General of Chosen.

At our request the Commissioner of Foreign Affairs has sent the /ollrHc';ng authoritative statement showing the Japanese view of "Religious Liberty in Korea." Tltis is publislted in tlte hope of creating a better understanding of the position of the Japanese as to tlte teaching of religion in mission schools and other subjects. The Commissioner explains that there is nO ground for doubting that full religious liberty is allowed in the Empire.-EDITOR.

I T is evident that a certain misunderstanding and misgiving are enter- tained in some quarters in regard to the policy and plans of the Japanese Government concerning the administration of Korea, par- ticularly so with reference to the regulations concerning religious work and the extent of religious freedom thereby granted in the peninsula. In complying with the Editor for a statement on the subject I may be able to assist in making clear what the Japanese Government is seeking to accomplish in this part of its domains.

RELIGIOUS LIBERTY-EASTERN AND WESTERN Korea now forms an integral part of Japan, and the constitutional guarantee of the Empire for the freedom of religious belief applies equally to the new dominion.

During the Middle Ages religion exercised in Western Europe a preponderating influence, internal as well as international, giving rise to bloodshed and innumerable occasions for strife. Vith the progress of time, however, the emancipation of conscience and freedom of belief came out triumphant after centuries of struggle and are now regarded as of the utmost importance to individual happiness and the public welfare. This principle of freedom of religion and worship first received practical recognition in the time of the French Revolution and of the War of Independence in the United States of America. Since then, the principle has gradually won approval in other civilized countries, and the people living in such countries enjoy entire freedom of religious belief, although some countries still maintain a State religion or favor a particular creed in the organization of their social structure or in their system of education. Great Britain and Germany are notable examples of such countries. In the United States, it was provided in Article I of the First Ten Amendments that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, etc." It is obvious that this amendment was adopted for the reason that to force upon a nation a particular form of belief, by the State establishment of a religion, was

injurious to the natural development of its people; for it would impede their intellectual advancement by free competition, not to speak of diverse prejudices emanating from the mixing of religion with politics.

While in France the freedom of religious belief was declared when the First Republic was established, it was only in recent years that the Government took definite steps aiming at a complete separation of State from Church. A law was promulgated on December 9, 1905, in which it was declared that the Republic guaranteed the liberty of conscience, that it did not recognize any religion, and that it could not grant any allowance or subsidy to any cult whatever.

In order to carry out the principle of the separation of State and Church, the French Government went so far as to cause all estimates relating to religion hitherto included in the budgets of villages, towns. cities, provinces and the State to be struck out. Moreover, all lands and buildings belonging to the State, but used by churches and theological schools as well as by priests as residences, were confiscated and transferred to the possession of villages, towns, cities, provinces and the State, respectively.

Italy naturally experienced greater difficulty in effecting the separation of State and Church. Cavour proclaimed the doctrine of, a free Church in a free State; but he found it impossible fully to carry out the principle in his country, where the dominant religious body was most intimately intertwined with the public life. The State has, however, abandoned the right of nomination to ecclesiastical offices, while the bishops are no longer required to take an oath of allegiance to the King. The State has also renounced all control over the seminaries for priests; and the Church has been granted the freedom of meeting, of publication, and of jurisdiction in spiritual matters. Conversely, acts of the ecclesiastical authorities have ceased to be privileged; they have not only no legal force if they are contrary to the law or violate private rights, but are not even exempt from the provisions of the criminal code.

CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEE IN JAPAN Japan is in a more fortunate position in carrying out the principle of complete separation of Church and State than most of the civilized nations in the Occident. Article XXVIII of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, which was promulgated in 1889, provides that "]apanese subjects shall, within limits not prejudicial to peace and order and not antagonistic to their duties as subjects, enjoy freedom of religious belief."

It may be contended that the freedom of religious belief in Japan is not unqualified but conditional, and, therefore, it cannot be regarded as such in the same sense as in the United States. But no such thing as absolute liberty in any branch of human activity can be conceived as existing in any civilized country. Such liberty which Madame Roland denounced as being responsible for the commission of many crimes in its

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name was no true liberty at all. Liberty is freedom of action without trespassing on the same liberty of others. I t is the result of law, not of the absence of law. Dr. Burgess, of Columbia University, defines freedom of religion and worship in his valuable treatise on "Political Science and Comparative Constitutional Law." After alluding to the case of Reynolds v. the United States, in which constitutional immunity of the individual in respect to the freedom of religion and worship was fixed and determined, the learned gentleman says: "The free exercise of religion secured by the Constitution to the individual against the power of the government is, therefore, confined to the realm of purely spiritual worship; i. e., to relations between the individual and an extra-mundane thing." Dr. Burgess then sums up: "So soon as religion seeks to regulate relations between two or more individuals, it becomes subject to the powers of the government and to the supremacy of the law, i. e., the individual has in this case no constitutional immunity against government interference."

This is precisely the kind of freedom of religious belief guaranteed by the Constitution of Japan. Whatever his belief, no believer in any religion, on the ground of serving his God, has the right to place himself outside the pale of the law in a civilized country and so free himself from his duties to the State, which duties he is bound to observe as being one of its constituents. So long as a belief or conviction is confined to the operations of mind, it is beyond the controlling power of the government; but as soon as it appears in the form of worship, in the method of propagandism, in the formation of associations and in public meetings, the government will instantly be obliged to interfere for the sole purpose of maintaining public peace and order by means of general legislation or police regulations.

REGULATION OF RELIGIOUS EXERCISES While there is thus no disparity in the principle of religious liberty between Japan and the United States, the Japanese Government is more deeply concerned than the American Government in regulating religious exercises. The reason is that there exist in Japan more different religions with their numerous sects and denominations than in the United States or in anyone of the European countries. Besides, in the latter countries, where Christianity is regarded as the only true religion, religious liberty is generally considered to mean the freedom of believing either in Catholicism or in Protestantism; while in Japan, including Korea, it means the freedom of embracing any of the existing religions and their branches, which amount to the number of more than seventy, besides more than a dozen denominations of Christianity.

According to Professor Tiele, ethical religions may be divided into (a) communities in which the bond of the nation is a law under divine sanction, such as Jainism, Brahmanism, primitive Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Mazdaism, Mosaism and Judaism, and (b) communities

which are religious and universalistic, i. e., Mohammedanism, Buddhism and Christianity. Now, of all these, Brahmanism, Buddhism, Confu- cianism, Taoism, :Mohammedanism and Christianity, with their number- less sects, are at present obtaining in Oriental countries, and the consti- tutional guarantee of the freedom of religious belief in Japan extends to each and all of these religions.

In Korea, the majority of the people are followers of Confucius, while the rest are mostly believers in Buddhism, only some 350,000 out of 15,000,000 souls being Christian converts. Then there are existent in this peninsula at least four sects of Shintoism and more than fifteen sects of Buddhism, while, excluding the Salvation Army and the British and American Bible Societies, Christianity is represented by ten denomina- tions of Protestantism and three of Catholicism, besides three branches of the Japanese Christian Church. As to missionaries working among the Korean people, they are of five different nationalities, namely: Amer- ican, British, including Canadian and Australian, French, Russian and German.

AFTER THE ANNEXATION OF KOREA When Korea was annexed the Government of Japan decided to incorporate the new territory into the Empire as an integral part, but not as a dependency or colony, and to accord the Koreans the same treatment as the Japanese, except in cases where treaties or special laws provided otherwise. In a proclamation issued on the occasion of the inauguration of the new regime, the Governor-General declared with regard to religious liberty in Korea as follows: "The freedom of religious belief is recognized in all civilized countries. There is indeed nothing to be said against anybody trying to gain spiritual peace by believipg in whatever religious faith he or she considers to be true. But those who engage in strife on account of sectarian differences, or take part in politics, or pursue political intrigues under the name of religious propaganda, do injury to good manners and customs, and disturb public peace and order; and as doing such shall be dealt with by law. There is no doubt, however, that a good religion, be it Buddhism or Confucianism, or Christianity, has as its aim the improvement, spiritual as well as material, of mankind at large, and in this not only does it not conRict with the administration, but really helps it in attaining the object it has in view. Consequently all religions shall be treated equally, and, further, due protection and facilities shall be accorded their legitimate propagation."

From the above quotation it will be observed that the Governor- General of Chosen is bound not only strictly to observe the principle of religious liberty, but the proclamation shows also an appreciation of the real aim of religion. Accordingly the Government has always been prepared to extend, as far as possible, a helping hand to the propagation of religions. In many instances, the Government has sold or leased to foreign missions land or old buildings belonging to the State at moderate prices or nominal rents, and such land or buildings as are exclusively used for religious purposes are exempt from taxation.

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To cite an instance of special grace, a yearly grant of ro,ooo Yen ($5,000) was made for some years by the Governor-General to the Korean Y. M. C. A. in aid of its educational work. The principal representatives of different religious bodies are included in the list of guests privileged to be invited to parties given by the Governor-General on not only formal but on private occasions. In short, it may safely be said that Korea enjoys the same liberty as the mother country, if indeed the neW colony is not shown more favor in religious matters.

How is it then that any misunderstanding should be entertained in some quarters concerning the policy and plans of the Governor-General of Chosen in regard to religious liberty, while in the mainland of Japan no such thing is noticeable? In my opinion two causes give rise to such. misunderstanding. The one is the so-called "Conspiracy Case" and the other the regulations -recently promulgated with regard to education in private schools and religious propagation.

THE SO-CALLED "CONSPIRACY CASE"

The Conspiracy Case was really nothing more than an attempt at assassination of the Governor-General by a number of Korean malcontents. Due, however, to the fact that some of the ringleaders of the plot were connected in one way or another with the mission schools at Sen-Sen [Syen Chun], and that some of the prisoners intended to involve certain missionaries in the case by alleging that the latter acted or spoke in such a way as to encourage them in their attempt, the case assumed an altogether disproportionate dimension and the missionaries concerned directly or indirectly volunteered to take an active part in the movement [for the defendants], which resulted in producing an entirely opposite effect to what they originally aimed at. . . .

A secret dispatch sent to the Edinburgh Conference Continuation Committee by two of the missionaries, and which was reproduced in the China Press) wantonly charged the Government with a plot to drive Christianity out of Chosen and so constituted a "moral conspiracy case" against the authorities. Since the dispatch was private and its publication was entirely unauthorized, the Government had no choice but to refrain from making a public refutation of the grave accusations therein contained. So the accusations remained without being officially denied, giving rise to misunderstanding in certain quarters as to the attitude of the Government towards Christian work in Korea.

NEW REGULATIONS FOR PRIVATE SCHOOLS The second cause responsible for misunderstanding is the promulgation of amended "Regulations for Private Schools and Regulations for Religious Propagation." In the former regulations a fixed course of studies is set forth to be observed in private schools, it being practically the same as the one fixed for public schools. The chief aim of this pro-

vision is to bring all educational organs, private as well as public, aiming at giving a national or general e'ducation, under a uniform and efficient system, Accordingly, religious teaching and ceremonies were excluded from the curriculum provided for private schools which intend to give a general education.

Now at the time the regulations were promulgated, there existed in Korea 1,242 private schools, officially recognized, to which the regulations were to be applied, and of these 473 schools were under the management of foreign missionaries belonging to various denominations. As a rule Bible teaching was included in the course of studies of these mission schools. In consideration of the difficulties these schools would experience if they were required immediately to give up religious teaching, the Government granted them a period of grace of ten years in which to comply with the provision in question.

Now it goes without saying that it is the duty of every good government to bring up a people capable of succeeding to the present generation with credit and to secure for the State a strong and lasting foundation. Education, therefore, must be shaped in accordance with the needs of a State and in such a way as to contribute to the maintenance of its national characteristics. Accordingly private schools cannot be exempt from the general educational policy of the Government; for if they be allowed, on account of their being managed by private persons or corporations, to give an education along diverse and unrestrained lines to suit their own peculiar bent, a State will not only be unable to give its citizens a uniform and complete education, but it will furnish reasons and opportunities for religious strife to occur, especially in such a country as Korea with its many private schools maintained and managed by the numerous denominations and sects of Buddhism, Confucianism and Christianity.

Under the old Korean Government, little attention was paid to national education, and private schools were allowed to carryon the education of children in the old-fashioned way, Chinese classics and caligraphy being the chief subjects taught. It was but natural that missionaries felt themselves in duty bound to take up educational work along modern lines, and so a large number of schools were brought into existence by them. For this great credit is due to them, and their educational work is highly appreciated by the present administration, which was no sooner inaugurated than it began to pay serious attention to the improvement and development of the educational conditions of the country.

Year by year the present Government has established new schools for the Korean rising generation until to-day there are in the country more than four hundred public elementary schools, besides several higher institutes giving a medical, legal, technical or agricultural education. It is the purpose of the Government-General of Chosen further to improve the educational conditions of the country by establishing many more schools and by introducing exactly the same system of education as in Japan. It was in consonance with this purpose that the Government

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promulgated the Regulations for Private Schools, inevitably involving the separation of religion from education, for these are nothing more than a natural consequence of the application of the fundamental principle of the general administrative policy already fully expounded.

As, however, the advisability of this particular provision has been questioned by some of the interested persons connected directly or indirectly with missionary work in Korea, it does not seem outside of the present purpose to explain here briefly the reason which prompted the authorities to adopt it. It is the opinion of the authorities that, since the freedom of religious belief is constitutionally guaranteed, thereby precluding the subjection of anyone to any disadvantage on account of his or her religious faith, the separation of religion not merely from politics but also from education is requisite in order that the benefit of the guarantee may be fully attained. For if a school posing as giving a general education to children of a certain community, say a village, be permitted to include particular religious teaching in its regular course of study, the inhabitants of such a village, other than believers in that particular religion, would practically be deprived of acquiring a general education should there be but one school in their village, as is generally the case in Korea. If that particular religion happened to be Confucianism or Buddhism, as would most likely be the case in Korea, children of Christian converts would find themselves confronted by the awkward predicament of either being compelled to deny themselves the benefit of an education or subjecting themselves to a religious teaching their parents would naturally dislike being given them. This disadvantage would be still greater in the case of mission schools. pro Baird, the former President of the Union College of Pyeng Yang, held the opinion, no doubt shared by many missionaries, that students and pupils of mission schools should be recruited from among Christian families only, so that the atmosphere of the schools might not be contaminated by the mixture of unbelievers.

It was in view of this that the Regulations under consideration were promulgated, their aim being to secure to people of different faiths perfect freedom of belief without being placed in any disadvantageous position as regards the education of their children. As it is, the Regulations concern only such private schools as are giving general education, and do not affect schools giving special instructions or seminaries or other schools teaching theology or giving religious instruction of a particular sect or denomination. Sunday schools are also left entirely unaffected by the Regulations. At all events, the Regulations do not contain any clause causing obstruction or inconvenience in the way of religious propagation or the carrying on of religious instruction independently of general education.

In the main land of Japan, primary education has entirely become a State function under a compulsory education law where no room is left for the existence of missionary schools of similar grade; and the same

conditions are expected to prevail in Korea before long. As to higher educational institutions, I am of the opinion that different missions should establish colleges or universities in Korea along the same line as in the United States, where Yale University was established by Congregation- alists, Princeton by £resbyterians, and Harvard by Unitarians, but no religious teaching is included in any of their curricula, religion being taught separately at the theological school or seminary attached to each of them. We should welcome the establishment of such institutions in Korea, as they conflict in no wise with the principle of the separation of education and religion.

SOLUTIONS OF THE PROBLEM I have received communications on the subject from many notable gentlemen, including Sir A. H. L. Fraser, Chairman of the European Section of the Edinburgh Continuation Committee, the Rev. Frank H. Paton, Foreign. Missions Secretary of the Presbyterian Church of Australia, the Rev. Dr. R. P. Mackay, Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, and the Rev. Dr. Arthur J. Brown, Chairman of the Foreign Missions Conference of North Amer- ica. It was the last named gentleman who first opened the discussion on the question, treating the subject in his judicious and sensible manner, and eventually finding an approximately satisfactory solution of the delicate problem. I trust that all of these gentlemen have now fully appreciated the actual state of things under which we have to carry out the difficult task of uplifting the Korean people.

At the same time I cannot help entertaining some misgiving whether all of them have clearly comprehended the motive of our educational policy, as I find among their communications on the subject such a statement as that "all we desire is liberty to carryon our evangelistic, literary. medical and educational work along the lines enjoyed by us in our own land and in any other free and civilized community." It will thus be seen that some of them entertain the thought that such liberty is denied to foreign missionaries in Korea. One indeed seems even to hold the view that, if the liberty to teach religion is denied to a school, there can be no religious liberty, and if religious teaching is excluded from schools, such schools might be regarded as lacking a moral foundation.

It does not require much arguing to prove the error of such a view. For, if it be tenable, it follows that there is neither religious liberty nor moral foundation in the public schools of the United States, where religious instruction is excluded. It might be contended that the United States Government does not interfere with private schools. But is not the very fact that religious teaching is excluded from public schools sufficient evidence to prove that such teaching is unnecessary, if not undesirable or harmful, in a general education? There is no reason that the same logic should not be applicable in the case of private schools. It must also be borne in mind that, being a very highly civilized country,

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the United States can afford to adopt the laisser fa ire policy towards pri- vate schools, but such a policy is too far advanced to be adopted in the administration of Korea.

At all events, the aim of the policy of the Government of Korea is to accord the fullest liberty of action to aU agencies of human advance- ment, whether religious, literary, scientific, medical or educational, on con- dition that none of them interfere, conflict or mix up with another. This condition is absolutely necessary in order to secure to each of them its free and perfect development.

REGULATIONS FOR RELIGIOUS PROPAGATION Now let me briefly deal with the Regulations for Religious Propagation. We were far from expecting that the Regulations would arouse even the slightest concern among the foreign missionaries. As a matter of fact, no restriction whatever is imposed by the Regulations on religious belief, but they simply provide certain rules for the ways and means of religious propagation. As I have already mentioned, there exist in Korea many sects and denominations of religions other than Christianity, while the Christian converts number only 350,000 out of a population of 15,- 000,000. Nothing, therefore, could be farther from the truth than to regard the Regulations, which are general in their character, as being aimed against Christian Missions.

Three articles of the Regulations, however, appear to have given rise to the apprehension of the missionaries. The first of these is Article 4, which runs as follows: "In case the Governor-General of Chosen considers improper the methods of religious propagation, the authority of religious superintendents, the methods of superintending propagation work, or the personnel of superintendents of propagation work, he may order changes in them."

N ow there have occurred not a few cases in which superintendents of propagation work belonging to sects of Shintoism or Buddhism have acted in such a way or (esorted to such methods as to make their work detrimental to good morals or public order, and these acts of theirs have often given rise to criminal prosecution. The Government must always be vigilant to safeguard innocent individuals against impostors who dare to make use of religion for the furtherance of their own selfish interests. The aim of the article in question is to control such people, so no decent Christian missionaries, duly appointed and dispatched by properly instituted mission boards, need fear it in any wise. It may be added here that among independent and self-appointed missionaries working in Korea, there are at least two persons in my knowledge who can scarcely be called missionaries, for their principal business appears to be dealing in real properties rather than in preaching the Gospel.

The second of the three articles of the Regulations, to which exception is evidently taken, is Article 6, which runs:

"In case the Governor-General considers it necessary he may order religious denominations or sects other than Shintoism or Buddhism to appoint superintendents of propagation work."

Should this article alone be taken into consideration, one might hastily jump to the conclusion that Christian denominations or sects are subject to more severe control than those of Shintoism or Buddhism. As a matter of fact, however, the very opposite is the case. Shintoism and Buddhism are required by virtue of other articles of the Regulations regularly to appoint superintendents of propagation work, and moreover are required to obtain the permission of the Governor-General thereanent. In the case of Christianity, the appointment of such superintendents is not required in principle except in case the Governor-General regard their appointment as necessary. Besides no permission of the Governor-General is required for such appointment as is the case with Shintoism or Buddhism. Under the circumstance, Christian missionaries should feel thankful for the favorable consideration shown towards their propagation work by this article, instead of feeling any anxiety on account of its insertion in the Regulations.

The third and last of the three articles referred to (Article 9) provides that those intending to establish churches, preaching houses and similar institutions for religious purposes, shall obtain permission of the Governor-General, stating necessary particulars. Some of the missionaries appear to consider this provision to be at variance with religious liberty. There can be no such conflict. In England, if I mistake not, a person must submit plans of an intended structure, dwelling or otherwise, to the urban authorities and get them approved. When one proposes to build his private house to live in, it may be contended that he should be left free as to the way of constructing it, for it has little concern with the public. On the other hand, in the case of a church or preaching house, the public is invited to attend it. The Government must see that it does not fall down or that kindred accidents do not occur causing bodily injury to the people assembled therein. The reader may laugh at this, picturing to himself the missionaries full of intelligence and well provided with funds, and moreover working under the constant superintendence of the mission boards concerned. But when one comes in contact with native religionists, both Korean and Japanese, and finds many of them sadly lacking in individual ability or in that organizing faculty needed for carrying on propagation work in a -proper manner, he will easily appreciate the necessity of enforcing regulations even more strict than those now under consideration.

A FEW HISTORICAL INCIDENTS Having explained, briefly but to the best of my ability, the causes that gave rise to misgivings as to the Government policy, I now refer to a few incidents connected with the history of Christian teaching in Korea in order to show the attitude of the administration in a better light.

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Dr. J. S. Gale, one of the most eminent pioneer missionaries in Korea, has furnished me with an interesting statement that the first Christian missionary to enter Korea came on the invitation of General Konishi of the Japanese army who invaded Korea in 1594. He was Gregorio de Cespedes, a Jesuit priest. While his work was to preach the faith primarily among the Japanese troops, he still did not neglect to teach those Koreans with whom he came in contact. This seems to be the first appearance of Christian teaching in Korea. From that time Roman Catholic missionaries gradually found their way into Korea, and, notwithstanding an edict promulgated for the prohibition of Christian teaching, their work continued to spread, until in 1866 the Korean Government undertook a great persecution of Korean converts with the purpose of stamping out Christianity. The Korean Government went the length of arresting Bishop Berneux and eight of his priests and beheading them on the bank of the Han River near Seoul. In 1879 two French priests were arrested and threatened with death, but were rescued by the Japanese Minister at Seoul and sent to Japan, where Christian propagation enjoyed complete freedom. It was in the same year that the present Bishop Mute! arrived in Korea. He had to work in secret till the opening; of Korea to international relations relieved him of all such necessity. In this connection it must be added that Japanese diplomatic representatives frequently endeavored to convice the Korean Government of the inadvisability, not to say the danger, of restricting religious freedom.

However, it was not until Japan undertook the protection of Korea that Christian churches and preaching houses were allowed to be established outside the limits of foreign settlements. N or until that time were missionaries permitted to live in the interior. Under the circumstances, all the buildings established outside the foreign settlements for the purpose of Christian preaching had to be held in the name of Koreans, while missionaries could only live in the interior as temporary sojourners. Soon after Prince Ito came to Seoul as Resident-General, however, the ownership by foreigners of churches and preaching places was acquiesced in under special arrangements and the permanent residence of missionaries in the interior was permitted. Since the annexation of Korea, the whole country has been opened to foreigners. Churches or preaching places may now be openly established anywhere and the capacity of missionaries as religionists is publicly recognized.

I mention these historical facts to show that the Japanese authorities have consistently adopted for many years past a very liberal policy towards Christianity, being always ready to encourage its propagation. They have no idea whatever of putting obstacles in the way of Christian missionaries in the legitimate pursuit of their work, and if any of them entertain misunderstanding or misgiving as to the policy of the Government towards their work, it will be seen froro what I have stated that it is entirely unwarranted.

GRANT UNDERWOOD, D. D., LL. D

Missionary to Korea, 1885 to 1916 With Dr. Underwood is seated Paik Saing 'Kyu, a Korean graduate of Brown University. He is the son of the wealthy President oC a Korean Bank and after his conversion to Christ, through the instrumentality of Dr. Underwood, became Professor of Economics in the Cbo~n Christian College in Seoul. A Sketch of His Life and Work for Korea BY MRS. HORACE G. UNDERWOOD, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

" He scarce had need to doff his pride or slough the dross of earth. E'en as he trod that day to God so walked he from his birth In simpleness and gentleness and honor and pure worth."

The Re'Verend Horace G. Underwood, D.D., LL.D., one of the pioneer missionaries to Korea, 'Was a man of such 'Varied gifts, and accomplished such marked results along so many di'Verse lines, that this sketch by Mrs. Under- 'Wood can louch bUI briefly on his life and the ser'Vice that he rendered to Christ in Korea.-EDITOR.

H ORACE GRANT UNDERWOOD was born in London, Eng- land, on July 19,1859, and at the age of twelve came to America with his father, who was a manufacturing chemist. He came of godly parents, his father being a remarkable man. It was in the village of Upper Durham, New Jersey, where the family made their home, that the young man first confessed Christ and united with the Reformed Church. He soon decided to enter the ministry and to become a missionary. After a preparatory course at Hasbrouck Institute, Jersey City, he entered New York University and after being graduated from there in 1881 he spent three years in the New Brunswick Theological Seminary. He was ordained .by the classis of the Reformed Church and immediately took charge of a small church in Pompton, New Jersey, where his services resulted in revivals and in greatly quickened missionary interest. When the elders of the church begged him not to urge his people to give so much money for missions, as they would not be able to pay his salary if he kept on, his characteristic reply was: "If such is the case I will gladly go without my salary." At the end of the period, however, the church had quadrupled its gifts to missions and had doubled the pastor's salary.

Mr. Underwood was planning to go to India, and commenced the study of medicine as an added equipment for that work_ The Collegiate Church of New York offered him $1,500.00 a year to act as their pastor, preaching only one sermon and conducting one prayer-meeting while he carried on his studies. But just then Korea was opened and its call came to him with such imperative force that he decided at once to secure an appointment to that field.

The Reformed (Dutch) Church, of which he was then a member, was not prepared to open a new mission in Korea, so that he went out under the Presbyterian Board in 18 84-the first Protestant evangelistic missionary to Korea. The wonderful development of the work in that hermit

peninsula is fairly well known. We shall try to tell something of the character and life of the pioneer missionary that sounds a bugle call to all believers, an "Excelsior" ringing from mountain heights, of devotion and consecration.

Among the outstanding traits of character in Horace Grant Under- wood was a great heart filled to overflowing with love to God and all humanity. From the very begin- ning of his career his personal charm won all classes and condi- tions of men, both at home and in Korea. This came from the love and good-will which flowed from him in a perennial stream toward everyone. The nobility were his friends, the poor were his brothers.

One of his first deeds of mercy on reaching his station in Korea was to nurse a strange European through a terrible case of black small-pox.

During two fearful epidemics of cholera, he gave himself almost con- tinually, often day and night, to the service of the poor loathsome victims of the plague, so that the coolies were heard saying, as he hurried through the streets at late hours and at a high rate of speed: "That is the Jesus man going to nurse the sick. He works all night and all day without rest because he loves us."

After the death of the Queen of Korea, when consternation and panic reigned in the Palace and a A KOREAN WOMAN band of enraged citizens attempted to force an entrance to release the King, Dr. Underwood, who was acting temporarily as interpreter to the American, English and Russian Legations, managed to carry mes- sages of comfort and food to the poor shaken ruler, who dared not touch the nourishment offered him by those who held him in durance. For months he went back and forth to the Palace as the comforter, adviser and brother of the King.

In itinerating trips among the little villages in the country he would go into the men's quarters, often crowded to suffocation, the air reeking with foul odors, and sit for hours chatting with the people like a brother, slipping right into their hearts, learning their difficulties, winning the

GRANT UNDERWOOD-MISSIONARY

recalcitrant and troublesome back to the right way, making peace between the quarrelsome, smoothing out rough places, and all with a joy as though it were the choicest pleasure of his life-as indeed it was. Nowhere did he so shine, or seem so happy as in close fellowship with these poor country Christians who loved him with touching devotion. This same love made itself felt among the European residents and the foreign community; even those whom others were inclined to avoid or condemn he loved, hoped for, and befriended.

No man with broad and far vision and strong individuality but meets opposition, sometimes severe and sharp, and Dr. Underwood was not an exception. But for those who hindered and blocked his carefully wrought plans, and again and again pulled to ruins his most cherished hopes, he never had a word of bitter censure, even in the bosom of his family. He grieved, it is true, but he never spoke of an opponent in any but a Christian spirit or in any way that could be recalled with pain, for his heart harbored no bitterness.

I cannot close this paragraph without quoting one of the testimonies recently written by one who had been a fellow worker in the same mission station for fifteen years: "His was a wonderfully sympathetic and generous heart; he was one of God's noblemen, so courteous and kindly, always so patient and gentle. I never heard him or heard of his saying a harsh thing A KOREAN STUDENT of another person. He never criticized or judged others or their motives. As I think back on the past fifteen years that I have known him, he stood out among all others as the most Christ-like person I have known."

Again, Dr. Underwood's intellectual gifts seemed wonderfully bestowed, as though purposely for the work he had chosen. He had an unusual adaptability for getting to the inner spirit of any language he wished to master, and was able not only to grasp it with a speaking knowledge but could comprehend it and make it entirely his own. This ability was combined with plain practical common sense, and a veritable genius for business details, and for organization, and with quick insight

and broad, far vision. He also possessed the gift of impassioned oratory which, as many in America can testify, often lifted people out of themselves with enthusiasm and won many missionaries and largs sums of money for the foreign field.

Horace Underwood possessed another power, that of long, close, intense concentration and application to literary work of the most exacting kind, as in Bible translation, to which he devoted much time, where the faintest shade of a change from the original may mean so much that the weight of responsibility is very heavy to the conscientious translator.

A third marked characteristic of the man was the physical indefatigability he continually displayed. On country trips it was no very uncommon thing for him to walk fifty miles in a day, for he disliked the slow jog of the little Korean ponies. After walking even many miles he would hold meetings, conferences and examinations, which frequently lasted up to twelve or one o'clock at night. Very likely he would then start on for another place before daylight next morning. This he would do repeatedly under the great pressure of the work.

In America, Dr. Underwood often spoke three times in a day for several days running, and frequently on Sundays even seven times, travelling at night. On more than one occasion he continued his speaking engagements at the risk of his life rather than go to bed or to the hospital for much-needed medical treatment. Those who travelled with him on these campaigns–Dr. Hall, Dr. Avison and Dr. A. Woodruff Halsey -can testify to this unwavering energy when there was work to be done.

Aside, however, from the gifts with which he was s:ndowed by N ature, were those by which the· Holy Spirit crowned and perfected the others. Perhaps the first of these was an absolute, unwavering faith, firm as a rock. He never knew the faintest hint of a doubt either as to the entire infallibility of the Scriptures or of any of the great verities of the Christian religion as taught by the Presbyterian standards. Having known him more intimately than anyone for over twenty-eight years, I have never seen the least sign of wavering in his steadfast trust and confidence in God, in His Word, and in the forward march of His Kingdom. Dr. Underwood's strong and constant reliance on prayer in all things seemed to strengthen with years. His hope was always clear and bright; his acquaintances on both sides of the world 3111 knew him as preeminently optimistic and happy, always believing and hoping the best for all people and all conditions. Never was he despondent, gloomy or fearful. His physician in the last illness remarked that he had never seen a patient so universally cheerful, happy and uncomplaining.

This Christian man's absolute consecration to his Master and his Master's cause awakened respect again and again. He was a man of broad sympathies and interests, and found real pleasure in the good things of the world which the Father gives us richly to enjoy, but never did he allow earthly advantage, pleasure or profit to stand for a moment in the way of his duty or the advancement of the Lord's work. Anything,

everything-health, family, friends, money, time or pleasure-were, without hesitation, brushed aside and pushed ihto the background to make way for that Cause to which he devoted his life.

, A year ago, while at the seashore for much-needed rest and even then suffering from the disease that resulted in his death, he spent the en- tire vacation working with Dr. Rey- nolds on the revision of the tentative translation of Isaiah. He finally returned home more wearied and ill than he had been in the beginning of the summer, and during the two years when, according to doctors'

urgent advice, he should have been in America taking treatment, he was laboring, toiling, pouring out his very life in strenuous efforts to establish the Pierson Memorial Union Bible Institute, the Union Christian Col- lege, pushing the interests of the Tract Society, the Y. M. C. A., the boys' and girls' academies, the vari- ous Mission institutions, the forty little country churches under his care, HORACE G. UNDERWOOD IN ,884 advancing the various branches of his literary work and endeavoring to establish the Missions in satisfac- tory relations with the Japanese Government.

Even during this period. when he was suffering such exhaustion from illness that he would generally come in white and almost fainting from his work, he taught classes and attended conferences and committee meet- ings, often far into the night.

DR. UNDERWOOD'S FIRST HOME AND CHURCH IN SEOUL

Like many other missionaries of ability, Dr. Underwood had numer- ous opportunities for financial gain, including offers of positions in Amer- ica which would have brought him an income of many thousands of dollars. From the Korean ruler, before the occupation by Japanese, came offers too great to mention publicly, if with the privileges of American citizenship he would undertake certain affairs for His Majesty. In early days, when Missions were said to be most out of favor with the Government, he was offered a free hand in the Government Schools, and in later years an offer came from the Court to make Presbyterianism the State religion, with the privilege of baptizing all officials from the King down. Upon all these things he, of course, turned his back without a moment's hesitation, for it was not that way that the Cross of Jesus led.

Greater, however, was the temptation that came to establish, independently of all Boards and Missions, the Union Christian College of Seoul, which lay so near his heart. This was one of the most cherished dreams of his life, toward which he was bending every effort and sapping the last of his strength. He encountered one obstacle after another, and unrelenting opposition from those who could not grasp his vision. Though this plan for an independent college would have seemed to make easy the fulfilment of his dreams, he rejected it as disloyal to his Mission and to the best interests of the cause of Christ. He believed that it should be established as a Union enterprise to be carried on in cooperation with the Mission. He died worn out by his efforts to bring the institution into being for the benefit of Korea; but he is working and hoping for it still.

Last winter, when his health was so broken that he should have been confined to the house, he went to Japan to study Japanese in deference to the wishes of the Government that all educationalists should familiarize themselves with their people, customs, language and laws. In spite of increasing weakness, he spent nine hours a day in study, using two teachers, attending meetings, churches and dinners; calling on officials, visiting institutions, using his influence and tact in arranging the affairs of the Korean Students' Church and Y. M. C. A. in Tokyo; working with so little mercy on himself that he returned to Seoul in April completely prostrated, and too late for change of climate or the best medical aid to bring a recovery. He had thus set an example to others and won love and favor for his chosen work and field. He had established firm friendships and carried the white Dove of Peace where suspicion and enmity had stirred, but it was at the tremendous price of his life.

His home in Korea, as everything else that was his, was always at the disposal of Koreans or of the missionaries, and was a rendezvous where frequently might be found missionaries, country Christians, voluntary workers, palace officials, magistrates from the country, princes and high nobles, college professors, schoolboys, or church committees. All thronged him so that often there seemed to be "no time so much as to eat." The basement study held the native copyists and writers. On the first floor

1916J HORACE GRANT UNDERWOOD-MISSIONARY

VIEW OF SEOUL, SHOWING DR. UNDERWOOD'S LATE RESIDENCE The Gift of his Brother, John T . Underwood was the business office, where two or three typists and secretaries tried to lighten the work of his correspondence and Mission business. On the second floor was a study, where, with the help of an American secretary, Mr. Underwood did his own private work. The parlor and dining-room, and sometimes the spare bedroom, were used for committees, two or three of which often overlapped.

But enough has been said, though not all, to illustrate his consecration of all he had to Christ. Merely in outline I have tried to show the salient points of the man's character. There remains only to recapitulate his chief ideals and some of the results accomplished by God through his life.

The great aims of his life were: The conversion of the Korean nation to Christ, the organic union of all evangelistic sects on the field, the establishment of self-support in the whole native church and general study of the Bible by all Korean Christians. But "Union" was his great ideal.

The three especial objects dear to his heart for some years before his translation, all of which were only a part of this desire for union, and tributary to it, were: The establishment of the Arthur T. Pierson Memorial Union Bible Institute; the founding of a seashore rest station, where many missionaries might gather in summer, and there come to see more eye to eye; and third, the Union Christian College of Seoul, where young men of all denominations might be fitly prepared for Christian leadership.

The first two he saw accomplished; the third, I believe, he will yet see from the other side, carrying on there the mission that his far vision grasped here.

Dr. Underwood's literary work was a large and important part of his service. He was Chairman of the Missions' Board of Bible Transla- tion for many years, and left also a translation of the Scofield Bible which Dr. Gale and he carried through together. In the earlier days of his work he prepared a hymn book, many of the hymns being his own transla- tions, and a grammar and pocket dictionary. He translated a large num- ber of tracts and edited a Korean religious weekly paper. This latter was very popular with heathen readers as well as Christians, especially farmers and country magistrates, and was growing rapidly into more and more favor when it passed from his hands.

For years he held a chair in the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the Mission. Besides finding men and money for many of the institutions of the Mission (never confining his efforts to his own station or his own work), he had a very considerable share in the establishment of the Southern Presbyterian and Canadian Missions, the Tract Society, the Bible Society, was the chief mover in the beginning of the Y. M. C. A., and took a very important part in the division of territory which made comity among so many l1issions possible. Indeed, when the committees had come to a standstill, and it was feared that the whole matter must be dropped or postponed, his skill and tact found a way which all could accept.

In his early years he established the Boys' Orphanage in Seoul, which later hecame the Wells School, and he assisted Dr. H. N. Allen in hospital work, in addition to literary and evangelistic labors. In his last years he taught in the Bible Institute, the Men's annual classes and the Christian Union College. He always carried on active evangelistic work in city and country, and always had large districts, with forty or fifty churches under his care, which he visited personally once or twice a year and kept in close touch with by letters and helpers. He was, at different periods, a member of the Mission Executive Committee and Moderator of the Native General Assembly. That he should have been called away in the midst of his work seems mysterious, but probably the words of the Rev. Dr. Jowett will not be out of place in this connection: "I can scarcely use the word 'death' in relation to him, and feel inclined to withdraw it. It is just the promotion of a devoted servant of his Lord to higher, freer service. I cannot think that he is even withdrawn from the ministry of the Mission Field; I must believe that he will still serve it with larger vision and with inconceivably increased fruitfulness."

As we think of him we seem to vision him now with an innumerable company of angels, the general assembly and church of the First Born, which are written in Heaven, God the Judge of all, the spirits of just men made perfect, and Jesus the Mediator, from whom neither death nor life ~an separate His own.

BOYS' SCHOOL IN SEOUL STARTED BY HORACE G

Dr. Underwood's Service in Korea BY THE REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

WHEN Horace G. Underwood arrived in Korea, on April 5th, 1885, the only missionaries who had preceded him were Horace N. Allen, M.D., and Mrs. Allen. These pioneers had encoun- tered so much suspicion and opposition that they would have found it difficult to remain if the American Minister had not appointed Dr. Allen as physician to the Legation. In those early days foreign-built houses did not exist; sanitary conditions were indescribable; conveniences to which Americans are accustomed were unknown and mails were infrequent, so that the early missionaries were in a situation of peculiar loneliness, isola- tion and trial. .

But the young missionary began his work with resolution and an un- grudging willingness to endure hardness as a good soldier of Jesus Christ.

He was first in various ways. He was the first ordained missionary to Korea. He baptized the first convert in 1886. He opened the first school, also in 1886: "The Jesus Doctrine School," it was called. He or- ganized the first church in September, 1887. He administered the fi~st Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, in his own house, on Christmas Day of that year, only seven communicants being present. In the same year he made the first of those long itinerating tours into the interior, by which he and his successors spread the knowledge of the Gospel far and wide in Korea and which later resulted in groups· of believers in hundreds of towns and villages. He began the first literary work of Christian missions in Korea, and in 1889 published the first of the long list of volumes with which he and other missionaries have enriched the literature of missions.

He was also the first tp open the Scriptures in written form to the Ko.

reans, his translation of the Gospel by St. Mark in 1887 first making the Word of God accessible to the people.

For a long time the progress of the work was painfully slow, and it would have been discouraging to less resolute spirits. After ten years of indefatigable labor on the part of Dr. Underwood and the few missionaries of the Presbyterian and the Methodist Episcopal Board, who had joined the little band, there were only one hundred and forty-one Christians in the whole country.

The tide turned in 1895, when the missionaries in Pyeng Yang displayed such conspicuous fidelity, courage and devotion after the battle of Pyeng Yang in the China-Japan War, and the missionaries in Seoul manifested equally conspicuous courage and devotion in dealing with an epidemic of cholera.

From that time the work made rapid progress, until Korea has become one of the most extraordinarily fruitful of missionary fields. In all this development Dr. Underwood was a prominent and influential factor from the beginning. The variety and scope of his activities are indicated by the following list of positions that he held at various times: Teacher of Chemistry and Physics in the Royal Medical College, Chairman of the Union Board of Bible Translators, Treasurer of the Mission, Chairman of the Mission, Secretary of the Korean Religious Tract Society, Chairman of the Korean Educational Federation, President of the Korean Religious Tract Society, Professor of Theology in the Theological Seminary, Principal of the John D. Wells Training School for Christian Workers, and President of the Seoul Christian College. Many-sided as were his labors and faithful and efficient as he was in all, he rejoiced most in his evangelistic work. He preached the Gospel not only in the city of Seoul, where he resided, but also among the many villages of the adjacent region. A district of diocesan proportions was under his care, and he did in it the work of an apostle, holding meetings, baptizing converts, conducting Bible conferences, organizing groups and churches, ordaining elders, settling disputes and counselling leaders. He often walked upon these tours, slept in the wretched Korean huts or inns, and exposed himself freely to physical hardships from which many a man would have shrunk.

He was active, too, as a translator and author. He published an English-Korean Dictionary in 1889, a Korean Grammar in the same year; "The Call of Korea" in I908, "The Religions of Eastern Asia" in 1910, and "An Introduction to the Korean Spoken Language" in 1915.

He had extraordinary influence with high officials and members of the royal family, including the Emperor himself, who often consulted him, ~nd sent him a valuable pearl ring as a wedding present. When the Queen was assassinated in 1895,' the Emperor, fearing for his own life, turned to Dr. Underwood and two other Americans, and at the royal request they spent the night with him in his private chamber. Along toward morning the exhausted monarch nestled close to Dr. Underwood and dropped to sleep upon the missionary's shoulder: After the annexation

UNDERWOOD'S SERVICE IN

of Korea by the Japanese, the Japanese officials were for a time some- what suspicious of him in view of his known intimacy with the royal fam- ily and his sympathies with the frightened people; but they soon came to learn and to value the high quality and absolute trustworthiness of the man, and when he recently left Korea for the last time the authorities showed him marked honor.

Honors were showered upon this eminent missionary. On the field, he held at one time or another every office within the gift of his Mission and the Korean Church. A striking evidence of the high esteem in which he was held was given on the twenty-fifth anniversary of his wedding. On March 13th, 1889, he had married Miss Lillias S. Horton, who had gone to Korea as a medical missionary of the Presbyterian Board in 1888, and who became his inseparable and invaluable help-meet in all his subsequent life and work. On March 13th, 1914, nearly all the notable men and women of Korea's capital called to tender their congratulations-members of the consular corps, Japanese officials, Korean nobles, missionaries and Korean Christians of all communions, and faculties and student depu~ tations of schools, while the tables were loaded with presents.

In America, Dr. Underwood was one of the most popular and influential of missionaries. Whenever he was known to be on furlough, he was almost overwhelmed by invitations to speak. He was the chairman of the deputation of missionaries appointed by the Board to conduct the Korea propaganda in 1907. He labored with splendid zeal and success in awakening the Church to a realization of the urgent needs of Korea and in providing additional reenforcements and appropriations, and to him is due no small part of the credit for the success of that campaign.

It is hard to think that such a man has been taken from earth at the comparatively early age of fifty-seven, when his intellectual powers were at their height. Cables from the field expressed the grief of his fellowmissionaries and of the Koreans, for whom he had done so much and who gave him their love in unstinted measure. He manifestly walked with God before men, attempting great things for God and expecting and receiving them. He will live in the history of Christianity as one of the founders and builders of the Church in Korea.

Dr. Underwood was among the last of the pioneer. missionaries. Hardly any non-Christian land now remains to be opened. Very few missionaries are left of those who went to the great mission fields in the days of beginnings, and they are rapidly passing from sight. There were no foundations laid, no translations or apparatus of any kind prepared for them to make their work easier. They had to do ev'erything for themselves in circumstances of great difficulty. That they builded well the strength and proportions of the rising churches abundantly prove. It is for those who have come after them and who are called of God to carry on their work to show like faith and devotion, and to pray that a double portion of their spirit may rest upon us, to the end that the good work so well begun may be performed "until the day of Jesus Christ."

"Russlan _

~ tt~::r:.!~~~.t~t'·~.) ~ British I __ iFrcnch rtalian ~ Greek THE DISINTEGRATION OF TURKEY

Turkey of To-morrow

BY A MISSIO::-.JARY, RESIDENT FOR THIRTY YEARS IN TURKEY This remarkable forecast of the future of Turkey give.. the views of one most familiar with the situation. There is, of course, nothing settled except in the mind of God.-EDITOR.

N IGHTMARES do not last forever. This is providential; other- wise life would not be worth living. "Weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," is the divine consolation for us all.

Watching one's own house burn down is never a pleasant duty, particularly when the disaster is attended with loss of life. But there is some consolation in making plans for rebuilding, as well as real joy in attending to any sufferers and relieving their pain. The breakdown and break-up of the Turkish Empire has been predicted for many decades, but its actual occurrence is bringing no less anguish for that reason. Business has been killed in the process; the budding prosperity of the country has been nipped with frost; the development of the educational system has been retarded, and in the general stopping of all progress, Christian and missionary work has suffered terribly. In the awful toll of death caused by war and massacre, pestilence and persecution, more than a dozen missionaries, scores of Armenian pastors, preachers and teachers, and many thousands of native Christians have laid down their lives. Churches, schools and hospitals and whole stations have been closed and their beneficial work has been stopped.

It is, however, not of the catastrophe that we would speak now, but rather of its remedy; not of the past, but of the brighter future. No one with an unshaken faith in Him who said, "In the world ye shall have tribulation; but be of good cheer, I have overcome the world," can doubt that the clouds will break away, and "at evening time there shall be light." Such an overthrow of the world's civilization would bury our hope and faith in its avalanche, did we not believe that something better is to follow.

I. THE POLITICAL FUTURE OF TURKEY The Ottoman Empire has staked its very existence on the success of the Germanic Powers. While the outcome is yet in the balance, one thing at least seems absolutely certain-that politically we can never revert to the Ottoman Empire of yesterday. Whatever the result of this battle of the Titans, there must be a change in Turkey. If a deadlock should be declared, Turkey is too much in German control, and her finances are in too desperate a condition, to allow her to resume

absolute control over her own destinies. N either Russia, who now occupies some fifty thousand square miles of Ottoman territory, nor Germany, whose commercial and other interests have suffered greatly through Turkish incompetence, will consent to the rehabilitation of the Ottoman Empire on the basis of 1914.

. Aside from a possible deadlock, or stalemate, there appear to be two conceivable results of the world war-a victory of the Central Powers or a victory of the Entente Powers. Granted that the second Balkan 'Var showed the world the sickening possibility of a tertium quid-an entirely unexpected outcome. But unless the world has gone stark mad, every effort will be made to avoid another such disgrace.

If Germany is Pictorious Consider, then, first the political outlook for Turkey in case of a Teutonic victory. Turkey has been fighting Germany's battles for Germany; and Germany has been sending ammunition, men and officers to the aid of Turkey, not for Turkey's sake, but for her own. For decades Germany has actively proceeded on the assumption that Asia Minor, Mesopotamia and Syria were her "place in the sun." The visits of the Kaiser, especially the second in I 898, when he went to Damascus and Jerusalem and proclaimed himself the protector of "three hundred millions of Moslems," and the long series of commercial agreements connected with the construction of the Baghdad Railroad, illustrate the German plan of peaceful penetration. But behind the peacefulness there was preparedness. A writer in a Berlin paper of November 17, 1913, challenges France that if she wants Syria, she will have to fight for it. Germany, moreover, while insisting that her interests are purely commercial, has yet taken steps to safeguard those interests right over the head of the Turk. Following the Potsdam agreement of 19IO, an arrangement between Germany and Russia was signed at St. Petersburg in August of 191 I, as to the Persian and Baghdad Railroads, in which these two governments agreed to "facilitate international traffic on the Khanikin-Baghdad line," and the Russian Government agreed not to hinder the construction of the Baghdad Railroad. All this was done without so much as notifying the Ottoman Government of an arrangement concerning the construction and operation of roads within her territory. It may not be generally remembered that the Baghdad Railroad concession gave the Germans the right not only to construct the road, but to establish a steamboat service on the Tigris and Euphrates, as well as the exclusive mining privileges in a belt extending twenty kilometres on each side of the line; and it further promised a kilometric guarantee of 4,500 francs per kilometre per annum for running the road, from the Turkish Government.

Since the summer of 1914, when Germany bought the support of Turkey by donating the Goeben and Breslau, plus Admiral Suchan and several millions of pounds in gold, many things have happened to con-

TURKEY OF TO-MORROW

vince the Germans that Teutonic interests would never be safe under Turkish governmental control. Financial matters were at such loose ends that Germany insisted on having a German appointed as "adviser" to the Ottoman Minister of Finance, and this functionary is practically in charge of that ministry.

The educational system was also proving a menace, till Germany compelled Turkey to accept Herr Schmidt as "adviser" to the Ministry of Public Instruction. For example, in September, I9I5, owing to the closing of the English, French and Italian schools, the enrolment at the German school in Constantinople (Pera) taxed the utmost capacity of their building. The school, therefore, leased a large building next door for the overflow. After it had been cleaned and made ready for occupation, and just as the Herr Professor was about to occupy it, a Turkish hodja marched in his hundred or so pupils and proclaimed squatter sovereignty; and all the influence of the German Ambassador was unable to oust him or restore the building!

Such incidents have been legion, and they have led the exasperated Germans to take over control into their own hands. The sanitary inspection for persons leaving Constantinople for Europe has been entirely removed from Turkish control, and practically every ministry in the cabinet now has a German "adviser" in control of its workings. The Germans have no idea whatever of relinquishing their control over Ottoman affairs; and should the fortunes of war favor their side, the Turkish Empire will, without doubt, become a German protectorate, with far less autonomy than Egypt has had under England. German commercial interests along the Baghdad line and elsewhere shall never again be jeopardized by Turkish misrule.

If the Allies 'Fin Then let us imagine the Entente Powers victorious; what terms will they dictate to Turkey? The Turk himself has often acknowledged that this would mean dismemberment. Probably there exists between England, France and Russia a very definite agreement a's to the white and dark meat, even to the wishbone of Constantinople. They have not made public the plan, but several things are certain. Sir Edward Grey has announced in public the consent of the British Government to Russia's taking the wishbone. Further, Russia has set about carving her way thither along the northern parts of Asia Minor. As far back as 1899, Mr. Zinovieff, the Russian Ambassador, secured from the Porte the famous Black Sea agreement, by which no concessions for railway construction should be granted in the Black Sea basin of Asia Minor except to Russians. The Great Bear evidently intends to place its paws on the whole of northern Anatolia, to connect Constantinople with Russia's Caucasian territories.

As for France, a treaty between Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and Franois r., in 1535, is the beginning of the French protectorate

over the Christians in the Levant. This was confirmed by Sultan Mahmoud I., in 1740, and was reiterated on the other hand by Pope Leo XIII., in 1898. A similar protectorate over the Christians of Macedonia and Albania was secured to Austria by treaty in 1699 and 1718. France has, in fact, confined her area of operations practically to Syria and Palestine, where the growth of her educational interests is indicated by the fact that in the French Catholic University of St. Joseph and its Faculty of Medicine, in Beirut, there were, before the institution was closed by the Turks on the outbreak of war, a thousand pupils. Mr.

T. F. Farman said in the Contemporary for September last year, that the question of French Catholic missions in Syria "is highly political," and no mere religious sentiment. And it is true that in 186 I the French sent a military expedition to the Lebanon to end the war between Druses and Maronites. An able French writer in the Re'l.Jue H ebdomadaire for March, 1915, says: "No' logical denial and no economic quibble could be raised against the secular right of France to the protectorate not only of the Holy Land, but of the whole of Syria. Indeed, none is raised."

England's interests lie along the reaches between Egypt and India. She dreams of a protectorate over the whole of the peninsula of Arabia, where she now has the outposts of Aden, the Kuria Muria Islands and Bahrein, with the practical suzerainty over the Sheikh of Kuweit and the Sultan of Oman. As more Moslems are to-day under the British flag than under any other, it would not seem inappropriate if Great Britain exercised some sort of control over the sacred cities of Mecca and Medina. Furthermore, she has extensive economic interests in Mesopotamia, whose immense oil fields and coal deposits await development, where the Lynch Brothers have long had a steamship concession on the Tigris and the Shatt-el-Arab, and where the great Hindie Barrage, constructed by Sir 'Villiam 'Villcocks, has so worthily begun the modern irrigation system destined to restore to old Babylonia its former wealth and prosperity. In any division of Ottoman territory by the Entente Powers both Arabia and Mesopotamia would doubtless fall to Great Britain.

Italy has had her eye on the southwestern corner of Asia Minor ever since she seized the Dodecanese, or twelve islands off that shore, including Rhodes, Cos and Carpathos, during the !tala-Turkish war of 191 I. This strip of territory, embracing the fortress of Bodroum and the town of Adalia (Attalia), with an indefinite hinterland, possibly up to the Bourdour lakes, is wholly undeveloped, and may not prove of great commercial value; but the other nations are apparently as willing for Italy to have it as they were for her to rob Turkey of Tripoli in 1911, when they coolly stood by and watched that plundering expedition.

If nationality and the wishes of the population be consulted, then by all means the western shores of Asia Minor, from the Scamander

IN CONSTANTINOPLE-A FIRE COMPANY AND

Until recently these primitive hand-carried and hand-worked fire engines were the Turkish protection against conflagrations. They represent the unprogressive character of the Turk.

to the Meander, including Smyrna, should go to Greece. But Greece has not yet joined the Entente Powers, and if she does nothing to help them, she will have no claims in the event of an Entente victory.

There are two claimants already for the erection of small autonomous states, and the rights of each have strong advocates. The Armenians are expectant, for both Russia and England have unofficially hinted that they should be granted autonomy in the regions of Erzroum, Van and Bitlis, possibly extending so as to include Cilicia, or the territory of the ancient Lesser Armenia. If such an autonomous state should be created under the suzerainty of Russia, there would be extensive migration thither from various large Armenian colonies now found in other countries. And the half million of half-starved deported Armenian wretches now in the regions of Aleppo, Deir-el-Zor and Damascus would be glad enough to go back to their rejuvenated Halasdan.

The other scheme is for the restoration of Palestine to the Jews. If an autonomous Hebrew state, under French suzerainty, and with proper guarantees for the international protection and guardianship of the holy places at Jerusalem, should thus be established, there are at least 50,000 Jews in America who would return to the land of their dreams, to help their co-religionists from Russia, Roumania, Germany and Salonica to re-establish the racial home.

Sir Edwin Pears (Atlantic, July, 1915) has shown the serious menace to Russia, if she insists on possessing Constantinople, from the jealousies of the Balkan States; for Bulgaria and Greece both think they have claims to the city on the Bosphorus, while Roumania does not fancy having Russia on two sides of her, guarding the outlet of her only sea. Sir Edwin outlines in a few masterly strokes the better alternative in an internationaiized state, to include the shores of the Marmora and of both Dardanelles and Bosphorus, and governed by an international commission, somewhat on the lines of the Danube Commission that has for years worked successfully in relation to the navigation of that river. The essential condition in any settlement of the possession of Dardanelles and Bosphorus is that neither strait shall ever henceforth be fortified, but that they shall constitute forever an open highway for all nations.

2. THE COMMERCIAL FUTURE OF TURKEY For centuries Asia Minor was the granary of the Roman world, and its wheat is still of superior quality and sufficient in quantity for the whole Ottoman Empire. Over almost the whole of the great central plateau it is grown, and the irrigation works from Bey Shehir Lake, near Konia, are an indication of what may be done in the semi-arid regions. Much of Mesopotamia will also thus be reclaimed by irrigation works. The tobacco grown in large quantities in the regions of Samsoun and Kastemoni, in the Black Sea districts, has few equals and

TURKEY OF TO-MORROW

no superior in quality. And Cilicia, especially the great Adana plain, is proving an excellent place for the cultivation of cotton, which seems destined to become one of the chief exports of the region. The figs and raisins of the Smyrna region are famous the world over, as are the dates of Damascus and Arabia. Among the less-known but valuable vegetable products of Asia Minor is licorice root, of which the American firm of MacAndrews and Forbes has practically the monopoly. Besides a very fine grade of opium is produced from the Anatolian poppy fields, this being the best in the world for the manufacture of morphine.

Turkey h~s been known as an agricultural and pastoral country, and has long been exporting hides, mohair and wool in large quantities, besides the agricultural products mentioned. But ,it is coming to be recognized that her greatest wealth, like that of China, is underground. Mining, once carried on extensively by the Greeks, has latterly become almost a lost art, owing to the lack of governmental enterprise. But vast deposits are known of copper, silver and coal, as well as considerable quantities of alum, chrome, boracite and other minerals. The meerschaum beds of Eski Shehir supply almost the entire amount of that mineral in the world. And the latest discovery-the oil wells of Mesopotamia-bids fair to prove the richest of all Turkey's commercial assets. Of course, all these mining interests depend for their development on modern machinery, modern methods and adequate means of transportation. Under the regis of any European power, and with a fair chance and decent protection to foreign enterprise, these industries ought to furnish employment for many thousands of the population.

Of manufactures, Turkey has had practically none, save in the line of rugs. This industry, as well as the making of embroideries and brass worj(, can be considerably developed; but the configuration of the country lends itself to still further manufacturing on a big scale. From the central plateau, which is from 2,000 to 6,000 feet high, there flow to the seas, north, west and south, numerous streams, all too swift for navigation, which offer unrivalled opportunities for the installation of electric and water-power plants. Why should not all the cotton, wool and mohair produced be converted on the spot into textile fabrics? Why not likewise with the hundreds and thousands of bales of silk that now go to France to be spun and woven? And with such wealth of useful metals, a variety of plants should spring into existence along the course of these great, swift streams.

The one thing that now stands in the way of such commercial expansion is the lack of highways and railroads. This, however, will be remedied when such companies as that backed some years ago by Rear-Admiral Chester, U. S. N., and his son are given a fair deal by a just government, unhampered by Russian and German "preferred rights." A complete network of railroads, supplemented by good wagon roads, will be a part of the Turkey of to-morrow.

3. THE EDUCATIONAL FUTURE OF TURKEY One great obstacle to the development of a system of public schools in the Ottoman Empire has been the language question. Turkish has been the official language, and the only one tolerated in Parliament; but the attempt to enforce its use in all the Moslem schools of the coun- try brought on the Albanian and Arab uprisings. Greek schools must be taught in the Greek language, Armenian schools in the Armenian, and Jewish schools in either German or Spanish, with a complete course in Hebrew. In American mission schools, the necessity of providing, in addition to the lessons in English, courses in Turkish, French, Ger- man, sometimes Arabic, and the vernacular of the pupils besides, over- loaded the language department of every curriculum. But it simply must be done; in such a mixed coun- try there is no avoiding it. And perhaps, if the territory is divided up, another language may be added to the list in place of eliminating any. Yet the problem of curriculum and languages is not the main diffi- culty. The great question is, how to provide for the increasing number who clamor for a good education.

Mission schools cannot turn out trained teachers fast enough to sup- ply the lower schools, nor have these institutions sufficient accommo- dations for the pupils who 'are eager to come. Last September, the rise in price of commodities made it necessary to raise the charges for board and tuition at Robert College A SPECIMEN OF TURKISH WRITING from $220 to $264; yet in spite of the stringent war conditions and the paralyzing of business, they actually had more in attendance than during the previous year. The year before the war, all American institutions were taxed to their utmost capacity.

There is a brilliant future in store for these schools. Constan- tinople College for Girls, the International College at Smyrna and Teachers' College at Sivas have all recently moved into ample new quar- ters; while Anatolia College at Marsovan, the Syrian Protestant College at Beirut, and Robert College have put up fine new additional buildings.

Van College waits to be born, and there will be another new college probably at Mardin. All these institutions are looking for unprece- dented growth as soon as "the turmoil and the fighting dies."

TURKEY OF TO-MORROW

With a statesmanlike grasp of the problems before them, the col- leges have begun a series of educational conferences, unfortunately suspended by the war, but which will be resumed as soon as circumstances make it possible. Questions of policy, of curriculum, of religious train- ing, of self-support and other topics are here considered, after prelim- inary investigation, and the results are conserved. How to strengthen the primary and lower secondary schools is one of their problems. Another is how to provide for vocational training in technical or post- graduate schools or otherwise. Such conferences will doubtless be ex- tended in their scope and variety and take in the corps of instruction in high schools as well as colleges. Summer schools for teachers of various sorts have been held and are widely appreciated.

But special attention must be given to providing adequate training for a very largely increased attendance at primary schools and kinder- gartens, especially among Turkish children. Turkish schools are pro- verbially far in the rear of others, and the kindergarten idea has only just begun to take root among them. From the start it has been enthusiastically welcomed, and a wide future is open for such as can take up this fascinating work. And the primary schools will be more crowded than ever when the children are brought in off the streets and put where they belong.

It is the conviction of the present writer that in the next few years the various peoples of Turkey will show an increasingly decided prefer- ence for the American educational system, and that there is therefore a brilliant future in prospect for our own institutions. If their boards of trustees are foresighted and farsighted they will begin without delay to make adequate provision for this, and set about increasing their facilities all along the line.

4. THE RELIGIOUS FUTURE OF TURKEY To provide an adequate background for the discussion of the . religious problem in Turkey it was necessary to give a somewhat dis- proportionate space to the political outlook. Anyone with the true mis- sionary spirit will, however, agree that the really vital question is, after all, religious. The future of those peoples depends not on their rela- tionship to this king or that, but on their allegiance to the King of kings.

Christ's messengers do not enter any country in the interests of any human government, but simply as ambassadors of the Divine Master. Whenever it has been otherwise, trouble has naturally arisen over the deception practised. The missionaries of the American Board in the Turkish Empire have for the past twenty years been a living illustration of the non-political nature of the enterprise, for they include both Ger- man and British subjects, as well as Americans; and they are working in closest connection with Dutch and Swiss representatives in the service of the Christ. This point cannot be too strongly emphasized.

The religious future of Turkey naturally grows out of its religious

present. Missionary work has been largely among Armenians, Syrians, Greeks and Jews, with a yearning outlook toward the Turks. The religious problem is indicated by the multiplicity of faiths prevalent and their mutual jealousies. Distinctions of language as well as of race complicate the problem. Even the Evangelical churches can hardly ·get together, for this is the land of Babel and there is no common tongue. The present fiery furnace will doubtless weld together those who feel the bonds of Christian love, but I fear it will fail to produce a common language for worship.

Looking at these various nationalities, we find that the war has affected all alike by sweeping the young men into the army and thus by the thousands to their death; it has impoverished all, through egregious war taxes and requisitioning, and has driven many thousands of all races to flee the country to avoid ruin. The established churches of every name are faced by depleted treasuries, but worse than that, by thinned membership rolls. Furthermore, when Turkey proclaimed the Holy War, or Jihad, she purposely sowed the seeds of hatred in the l10s1em heart against all Christians, although to safeguard her German allies she had to limit the operation of the Jihad in a most perplexing, non-l1oslem way. "This," says the simple logic of the Turk, "is a-Ia- Feranga Jihad," or holy war on the European plan. Still, there is an uncomfortable feeling in the breast of Greek and Syrian and American, as well as of Britisher, Italian, Russian and Armenian, that the Koran lies open at the passage, "Kill the unbelievers," and that the green banner has been unfurled.

RECONSTRUCTION AFTER THE WAR Vhat, then, about the future? How about the wreck of work for Armenians after the holocaust that has destroyed more than half a million of them, deported and impoverished more than half a million more, and forced another quarter million to flee the country? Can the churches ever be revived or the schools reopened? Yea, they SHALL. The Christian leaders of the country have not lost heart. Among the exiles, Armenian evangelical preachers are doing noble work. From Deir-el-Zor, from the deported ones, have come subscriptions for religious papers and requests for Christian literature. Missionaries have expressed the conviction that within five years the evangelical work among the Armenians will be more prosperous than ever before. If the Boxer massacres in China are a criterion, this may well be so. And certainly the relations of close friendship and grateful co-operation as between Gregorian Armenians, headed by their Patriarch, and the Protestant Armenians and the missionaries, are a hopeful indication. When many thousands have been faithful unto death, preferring a martyr's crown to a Moslem life, the people all see that faith and life are the essentials, rather than creeds and ceremonies. The ancient Armenian Church will come forth from this ordeal "tried as by fire."

16] THE TURKEY OF TO-MORROW

Most of the Christian work among Jews has for the past half century been carried on by English and Scotch missions. These were mostly stopped when Turkey declared war on England, but there is good reason to hope that they may all be reopened when peace returns. Meanwhile there is a new element in the Jewish situation. Ambassador Morgenthau both astonished and pleased his fellow-Hebrews when he openly and frequently praised in the highest terms the work of the missionaries. He took the part of the Christians as against Moslem persecution, and replied to the query of Turkish leaders as to why he did so, "It is true I am a Hebrew, but the United States is ninety-seven per cent Christian and three per cent Hebrew, and I represent that country. Therefore in my official capacity I am ninety-seven per cent Christian and three per cent Hebrew." Mr. Morgenthau represented not only the United States, but eight or nine other countries j andlisten-among these is Russia! It is probably the first time that Russian interests were ever entrusted by the Tsar's government to a Jew! Is there not, in this fact, a promise for the future of work for Jews, when a Hebrew in official position has said and done so much for Christians?

And how about the future of Christian work for Moslems in Turkey? Ah, there is the most brilliant golden lining to this cloud. For in the failure and downfall of this Turkish government, there will be removed the great barrier to free access by these poor benighted Turks to real Christianity. Already they had begun to show the attraction of the Gospel j already they composed a majority of the patients in Christian-distinctively Christian-hospitals j the number of Turkish and Moslem pupils in American mission schools and colleges was rapidly on the increase, and the sales of Bibles and portions to Moslems were phenomenal. Further, not a few came openly to Christian services j and missionaries (especially ladies) visiting Moslem villages and homes received an eager and hearty welcome, with often a special invitation to read the Gospel aloud to an interested group of listeners. Even during this Moslem Holy 'Var there have not been lacking Moslem young men who have inquired the way to salvation through Christ, and confessed their faith in Him as their Saviour. What a promise for the future! If all this can be true under the iron rule of a hostile Moslem fanaticism, who will place a limit to the possibilities of winning victories for Christ when this shall be taken out of the way!

The Turkey of to-morrow is indeed full of promise for God's kingdom. It is for this future that we have labored, with the oftrepeated prayer that the Lord would open the doors of brass. When these doors are throwh thus wide open, may the hosts of the Lord be ready to press in, with abundant supplies of the Bread of Life and the Water of Life for all these poor hungering and thirsting souls that have so long been imprisoned in the Castle of Giant Despair.

Denominational Administration of

What shall be done for Latin America and Alaska?

BY JOSEPH ERNEST M' AFEE, NEW YORK Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions T HE denominational system of missionary work is the product of a competitive age. That age has passed, or is passing. Already narrow sectarianism is universally condemned. Noone wishes to have "sectary" and "sect" applied to him .and his religious com- munion, however much the sectarian spirit may actually prevail. A sec- tary is one who creates or maintains division in the Church on doctrinal grounds. Sectaries are much less numerous than formerly; the denominational system is now generally justified by other considerations.

As the defense now runs, a denomination is a utility. The enter- prise to which the Church is committed is served by the denominational system more efficiently than it would be by its abolition. The denominational system is firmly established; to abolish it would be to ~ommit revolution and precipitate its many attendant evils, if not disaster. Furthermore, the denominational system is ideally worthy. If the ground were clean to-day and an ideal system were to be builded, it would doubtless best take a somewhat different form from that prevailing, yet, on the whole, the denominational system is scientifically sound. It recognizes and embodies the principle of the division of labor in the conduct of a great and complicated task. The army of the Lord requires company, regimental and brigade organization; the evangelical bodies correspond to these divisions, and are essential to the success of the campaign the Church is conducting.

This militaristic figure of speech is likely henceforth not to be so popular as it was, but while it is still in use one may fairly raise question as to how satisfactory a general, who is accustomed to win battles, would find the sort of army organization which the denominational system has supplied down to date. As a matter of fact, denominational divisions are based upon considerations which would drive the efficient militarist to despair. Militaristic analogies in defense of the Church are even more unhappy on scientific than on sentimental grounds.

The denominational system is a utility. It is to be valued according as it makes good. The enterprise of the Church, and especially its missionary enterprise, is a business. Not a sordid business, not a commercial proposition, not in any sense a selfish grab. But to succeed it must be made a business, and an efficiently conducted business. Is the denominational system serving these purposes, or is it capable of efficiently serving them? .

FINANCIAL AND SPIRITUAL WASTEFULNESS Complaints of the economic wastefulness of duplicating and com- peting denominational agencies are common enough. But the other- worldliness of the Church is often thought successfully to counter upon these. Money, and the saving of expense, are not final considerations of a worthy church. Is the course right? What will best conserve spir- itual values? These are far more important questions with the Church than: What will cost the least money?

Let financial considerations remain secondary, therefore, or ter- tiary, or let them not enter at all. Yet is the missionary enterprise a great business which sets out to achieve certain ends and must employ means reasonably designed to accomplish them? The spiritual blight of the denominational system is now clearly its most serious embarrass- ment. To an otherworldly church the wasteful use of the coin of the earthly realm might be reckoned of slight consequence, but spiritual values must be reckoned. The misdirection of vital and spiritual energies is the most disconcerting result of the administrative methods which the denominations force the missionary enterprise to maintain.

All applaud the desire of evangelical Christians in China to come together in a genuine spiritual fellowship. The American mission boards doing work in China encourage the movement, and their supporting constituencies in America increase their contributions to show their favor. But how substantially can words be supported by deeds so long as the administrative system requires pouring into China missionaries appointed by twenty different agencies, trained under twenty different systems, selected under the tests of twenty different sets of ideals for missionary service? To be sure, in these latter days, these boards, at least certain representatives of them, assemble occasionally to talk over common concerns and reach more or less binding gentlemen's agreements by way of standardizing their administration. But how serious, magnified to its largest significance, must be esteemed such procedure in the face of the stupendous spiritual responsibility which has been deliberately assumed by the American churches in China? Representatives of these several boards come together once a year, oftener in the case of subcommittees, and deliberate upon their problems in a purely advisory capacity. Then each representative returns to his board headquarters to run the gauntlet of the ignorance and indifference of the fifteen or forty or one hundred persons who constitute his board, and to carry through against this inert weight the simple measures of efficient standardization which he and his colleagues in conference have wrought out. One or two or half a dozen fail and the whole fabric sags or falls in collapse. And this makes no reckoning of the more appalling ignorance and indifference of the officiary of the ecclesiastical bodies which finally control the boards.

In brief, the spiritual interests of China and of Japan and of India

are not the prime consideration in the present system of missionary administration. Not even, in the final analysis, are the spiritual interests of the supporting sections of America consulted. But the determining influences are the convictions or foibles, as the case might have been, of the Roundheads of Cromwell's regime, of the Anabaptists in England and on the European continent ten generations ago, of the fervid religious contagion generated in England by the Wesleys, long dead and gone, of the provincial Scottish clans of no-one-reckons-how-many-generations-past. For, all of our principal denominations gained their caste from a European inheritance, and in fabricating none of them has the sole or determining consideration been the spiritual interests of the American people on American soil. The present denominational system is holding back and doing mischief to the home missionary enterprise even more signally than it embarrasses the foreign.

DENOMINATIONALISM AND EFFICIENCY The denominational system seems ·inevitably and permanently to condemn the missionary enterprise to relatively ill-trained and inefficient workers on the field. The highest standards of efficiency cannot be attained, no matter how conscientiously the present system is tinkered. About the council table of a denominational board this is what transpires: A letter is produced from Candidate A's physician to the effect that A must not undertake to live in the climate of equatorial Africa. This disarranges the schedule agreed upon. Some one suggests that Mr. A might properly be sent to Korea. But Mr. B is assigned to that field. Well, send Mr. B to Persia, where somebody must go. But what shall be done with Mr. C, who is designed for that field? There is that opening in China, where some one simply must go. But Mr. D was to go there. Why not send Mr..D to the opening in Africa? That's it! N ow the problem is solved-and everyone is greatly relieved. This is not pure fancy; it is substantial fact. Such shuffling of candidates is not uncommon, and, so long as twenty boards are conducting missions in twenty countries, and the missions of a given country are supported and directed by twenty separate boards, it is difficult to see how that system can be redeemed from its essential comedies and tragedies.

Two or three generations of young people have been encouraged to train themselves for missionary service under the pledge that they will go anywhere and do anything as the providence of God shall direct. This providence of God almost inevitably expresses itself through the decisions of a denominational mission board. The exigencies of its administration compel waiting almost to the last moment to determine to which country, and often to what phase of work, the candidate shall be assigned. Of course, only medically trained workers can be assigned to medical stations. Of late years special pedagogical training is insisted upon for certain positions, but not every educational post is manned by a trained educator, even now. The candidates are not blame-

DENOMINATIONAL ADMINISTRATION OF MISSIONS 92

worthy. They are trained and enlisted under this system. It is a mark of peculiar devotion to the cause that the candidate is willing to go anywhere in the world and do anything to which he is assigned. The demands of his position tend to give the candidate-secretary of a mission board a prejudice against the applicant who insists that his field shall be such and such a country and his task be assigned in such and such a department of the service. The candidate..secretary has a very difficult task making an unclassified group of candidates go around among mission stations in ten or twenty different countries. It simplifies his game if all the men on his chess board are pawns or can be made to play the part-rather, can be made to adjust themselves to the sudden moves of pawns, knights, bishops, castles, kings and queens without discrimination.

REGIONAL MISSION BOARDS What does the American mission in China need? Manifestly a China Board in America, or an Asia Board with a China department, through which the evangelical missionary work supported by American churches shall be cleared. Not an indifferently attended China committee, representing numerous denominational boards independently conducting China missions. All over the mission field the administration should be organized and conducted in a manner to put the interests of the country served first, and compel the settling of all other questions in the light of this primary consideration. It is a grave injustice to the young people of our American churches to compel or even to encourage them to wait until they are about to sail for their fields of service before it is determined what country and what branch of the work shall claim them.· Of course such workers must fall far below normal standards of efficiency. The choice ought to be made before the training is taken. To say the least, there is as much cultural value in the study of a language which one proposes to use in after life as in one which he will never have occasion to use. College and university courses designed for missionaries could be made, in language study and in a score of other ways, to contribute practically to the efficiency of the missionary candidate. Great regional boards here in America could afford to standardize training for their several mission fields, and maintain the equipment which would guarantee a force of workers whose training had qualified them under high standards. Such a program is impossible under a system which locates final administrative authority in a score of separate denominational boards whose very genius estops them from getting together effectively, however eager to do so the distraught officers of such boards may be.

This review of familiar facts is not intended as a general nor an exhaustive discussion of the problem of missionary administration. Scarcely any reference has been made to the even more serious hampering of administrative efficiency in conducting home mssion work. Events

are demonstrating quite as clearly that in home missions national boards covering distinct national tasks must soon take the place of the denominational boards, just as it is demonstrated that regional boards must supersede the denominational boards in the foreign mission. That discussion is a larger task and demands far more space than there is here.

A LATIN-AMERICAN BOARD Two great regions are calling with a new insistence for real statesmanship in the organization and conduct of American missionary work. They are Latin America and Alaska. Now is the time to face the issue here raised. How futile wiU be a program for Latin America which must depend upon picked-up advisory committees to formulate, and rally forty different denominational boards to support, a comprehensive policy in Christian education, a similar policy in the creation and distribution of Spanish and Portuguese evangelical literature, a distribution of the common forces over the whole region so as to economize and render efficient in the highest degree each element and the whole I The task is sufficiently great and complicated under a unified administration of the available resources, but how impossible is success and how inept must be the attempt so long as the present denominational confusion continues, anyone who has even slightly studied the problem must see. Under the present system more can be done than is now done; present methods can be tinkered and relieved of certain of their worst shortcomings. But as for a statesmanlike projection of a program to compass the whole task-who can hope for it under the present system?

What is to hinder the denominational boards themselves initiating a central board of missions for Latin America, supported for the next three or five years by the combined budgets of the denominational boards now conducting work in Latin America, their resources merged into one fund and administered with plenary administrative power by the central board? After a short period of years this board could find its place in the missionary economy and an immediate nexus between it and the contributing constituency could be established. Does anyone doubt that such a move would be approved and heartily supported by the contributing constituency as a whole? Immense resources not now touched and which never will be touched under the present system could be speedily developed. Does anyone doubt that the workers on the field and the workers to be enlisted would welcome such an organization of the enterprise? Try them, and see. They care a deal less for denominational distinctions than do their supporting agencies, and, where there has been the opportunity to cultivate it, a deeper fellowship has often been developed between workers of different denominational groups than prevails between those workers and others in their own group. A few of the present workers, who, for reasons usually not discreditable to them, are unfit for their mission, might need to be discontinued, but the value of the proposed system would commend itself by the very [act

DENOMINATIONAL ADMINISTRATION OF MISSIONS 93

that it would thus reveal an unfitness in some workers of which the pres- ent system takes no cognizance. . But how far is such a tendency to be carried? Are we soon to have a new board of missions for every country on the globe where the Amer- ican churches are supporting missionary work? Even if that were the issue, it is a question whether it would not be a more rational and on the whole a more efficient program than that under which missions are now conducted. But such would not be the result. A board of missions for Latin America would embrace a large enough territory and a suffi- ciently diversified group of activities to justify separate organization, however the missions in other sections of the world might be grouped. It would necessarily embrace several more or less distinct departments, but all would be related to one another and a unified and consistent pol- icy would run through the work of all. Another American Board of Asia Missions and still another of Africa Missions would be rational and feasible, each with departmental organization. Nor would there be too many in the field if other regions were placed under the supervision of smaller boards organically related or unrelated to the larger. Extend such divisions to the utmost which the party least inclined to centralization might insist upon, and an order would still prevail which would make the present denominational system look like the chaos which it really is.

How, then, would the churches discriminate in their giving? Now they give lump sums to "the Lord" or "tp.e cause" or "missions." How would they decide which board to send their money to? A more wholesome event could scarcely happen than to compel all the churches to know why and for what they contribute their gifts. Giving money "to the Lord" and sending it carelessly to a denominational board is not the sort of piety which will best propagate Christianity. Denominational "loyalty" is now buttressing much inefficiency in the use of missionary funds. Missionary administration should be put upon its merits, and no consideration should outweigh the appeal of a need actually being met. One of the most serious indictments against denominational administration is that it breeds or at least permits unintelligent giving. Furthermore, giving to "the cause" or to "missions" usually expresses itself in nickels and dimes. Large giving is even now generally for a purpose, and the larger the giving the more definite the purpose, as a rule.

Where would such a movement eventually land the denominational mission boards? Their usefulness ended, they would naturally disappear or their functions would be so altered as radically to transform them. Is that fact to be permitted to weigh finally either with the boards themselves or with their contributing churches? If the Fulfiller shall increase and complete His mission, shall not the Forerunner count it a worthy mission to decrease? Above all, could the propagation of the gospel of Jesus Christ be worthily undertaken in any other spirit?

Those who base their denominational allegiance upon sectarian,

that is, upon doctrinal considerations, will stand aghast before such a program. Are the churches thus to play fast and loose with the everlasting truths bequeathed to them from the generations past, and which it is their primary object of existence to perpetuate in their purity? Shall my denomination commit to an unregulated central agency the propagation of that body of truth which my own communion finds sufficiently difficult in preserving free from heresy with all of its zeal against error? This attitude is, of course, final. It unqualifiedly disallows any such proposal as is made here. The hope of carrying out the proposed plan lies in the fact that sectaries grow fewer and fewer every year, and their influence less and less dominates the missionary policy of the churches.

ALASKA'S CLAMANT APPEAL The final appeal is for Alaska. If the way seems open for the application of this new principle of administration in Latin America, the appeal for Alaska is clamant. A situation more favorable could hardly have been devised under design. A new country; to be rapidly opened to settlement; the religious field fallow; the ground now occupied by only a few of the denominations; some of them not as yet represented at all; a great rush of commercial, industrial and general social development impending. To say that the hardy people who are already settled in Alaska, or who will settle there, desire the perpetuation of the denominational system of the States is to libel them out of hand. Now that experience in so many fields has opened the eyes of the churches. what possible excuse can there be for importing the ecclesiastical confusion which blights the spiritual life of so many communities east and west? If the denominational boards commit such a folly, or if the contributing churches permit their resources to be so employed, how shall American evangelical Christianity hold up its head before God or man? Such a folly is inevitable, or is at least certain, if something is not speedily done to supplant the present system of propaganda in Alaska under separate denominational boards. Sentiments of good-fellowship and protests of unwillingness to encroach upon the rights and responsibilities of sister religious bodies may be bandied back and forth never so zealously, the old program of duplication and confusion will continue in operation so long as the religious propaganda is left to separate denominational agencies.

The other day, in a mushroom town of Alaska, a Disciples and a Presbyterian minister met unexpectedly. Each was prospecting in the interests of his denomination. Neither had ever seen or heard of the other. Being sensible men, and having already caught something of the spirit of Alaska, they promptly pooled their interests, jointly purchased a lot under favorable conditions then offered in the new town, and signed an agreement that the property should become the possession of that denomination which it should later appear had the better

WE SEND TOO MANY MISSIONARIES?

right to the field. What sensible fellows! And what a blundering system supports them! They declined to commit a folly which the program of their mission boards deliberately put them up to. Why had not their boards forestalled the waste and embarrassment of such a situation? The denominational boards, perpetuated as denominational agencies, will never eliminate such follies from their system. They cannot do so. Conscientious representatives will do their utmost to reduce them to the minimum, but the worst-and the best-of them are inherent in the system, and are compelled by the very genius of the denominational program in missionary propaganda.

There is much capital made of the reduction of waste and overlapping in missionary work in these latter days. The story is prompted far more by the yearning desire of missionary administrators to see it done than by substantial achievements. The achievements desired by the contributors to missions, and by the multitude who could be induced to contribute far more largely than now under a different system, can never be guaranteed by the present order. It is inherently defective. It fails to put the interests of the field first. It is builded to import to distant parts forms rather than the realities of Christian truth. In this sense the system is self-centered, and seeks for selfish ends to propagate the gospel of self-sacrifice. In the whole range of Christian missions this system must eventually be displaced, but in the meantime here are Latin America and Alaska. They are immediate, and their needs call aloud right now. The Church may perhaps muddle along elsewhere for a considerable time to come, but here are two great tasks where practical measures are at once imperative.

Do We Send Too Many Missionaries?

A CONSIDERATION OF THE DE!VIAND AND SUPPLY IN FOREIGN MISSIONS BY REV. J. C. ROBBINS, BOSTON, MASS.

Foreign Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society T HERE are less than 25,000 Protestant foreign missionaries in the world, counting every man and woman engaged in any depart- ment of the work. This at first may seem a large number, but upon a careful survey of the extent of the field, and of the work yet to be done, we recognize the inadequacy of this force to occupy the field and to evangelize the non-Christian world. Compare this force of 25,000 Christian men and women in foreign mission service with the 25,000,000 men in the armies of Europe, and we must acknowledge that the Christian Church has not yet taken seriously the work of world evangelization.

The United States and Canada are represented by a force of 10,000 men and women missionaries, who are preaching, teaching and healing in foreign lands. But compare with this the army of a quarter of a million men that Canada raised and equipped in a few months for ser- vice in Europe.

In 190 I the United States Government sent to the eight million peo- ple of the Philippine Islands 800 American teachers, 400 of whom sailed on one ship. Last year the Protestant churches of the United States and Canada sent only 668 missionaries to carry the Christian message of light and love to all the ten hundred million people of the non- Christian world.

The demand for more missionaries is unprecedented in urgency, and the appeals from the .missionaries themselves now on the fields for reenforcements is insistent. In 19 13 a committee, appointed by the Federated Missions in Japan and the federation of churches to survey the field, reported that "there will be required in the near future 474 added missionaries in order adequately to occupy evangelistic fields in Japan. This means a little more than double the present evangelistic force, and will provide approximately one such missionary to 60,000 of the population." In response to this carefully prepared and con- servative appeal from the Japan missionaries, there have been sent to Japan in the two years, 19 14 and 19 I 5, only fifty-five new missionaries.

The missionaries actually on the foreign field, representing twenty of the larger boards of the United States and Canada, after a careful survey of their own fields, have called for an immediate reenforcement of 1,223 missionaries. These same boards sent to the field this year only 315 men and women to meet this call!

In China, with over 400,000,000 population, there are 262 foreign men physicians, 79 foreign women physicians, and I 15 trained Chinese physicians. In the city of Boston, with its 700,000 population, there are 2,000 registered physicians. In other words, in Boston there is one physician to every 350 of the population, while in China there is only one scientifically trained physici.an to 877,000 people.

In the light of these comparisons, and in view of the added respon- sibility placed upon American Christians by the present European war, it is very clear that if a knowledge of God, as revealed in Jesus Christ, is to be made kno~n to the non-Christian peoples, who include more than one-half the population of the world, the Christian churches of North America, and especially of the United States, must grapple in a much larger way with the foreign missionary task. The situation calls for larger and more comprehensive plans, more generous gifts of money, .and a greatly increased offering of men and women from our colleges, theological seminaries and medical schools. The unparalleled sacrifice now being made in Europe and Canada, the sufferings and need of the world, call upon American Christians to enter at this time more largely into the sacrificial life of our Lord.

Proportionate Giving*

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK THE progress made in the last ten or of giving has doubled or quadrupled as fifteen years in the acceptance of compared with what it was ten or fif- teen years ago. What is given reprebetter methods of giving throughout the sents a smaller proportion of what could Christian Church has been a progress far be given now than it represented ten or. in excess of the hopes of many of those fifteen or forty or seventy-five years who have been most active in this cam- ago. Still further is the possibility of paign. About sixty per cent of all danger latent in the very hopefulness of Presbyterian churches of twenty-five our present situation. We may satisfy members or over have already adopted the churches with the adoption of a in some form the new and better plan of partial program and their satisfaction giving. may make them unwilling to adopt the other elements of the program. After It is a further ground of encourage- all, systematic giving is only methodical ment that there has been such a great giving. It does not follow that it is advance in the amount of giving as an righteous giving-adequate giving. We inevitable result of this wider adoption might lead ourselves into an injurious situation if all that we are accomplishof good plans. The gifts of the churches ing now should make habitual with the in their church offerings as well as Church an inadequate performance of through every other channel of benevo- her duty. It seems to me that the lence have advanced immensely in the Church stands face to face with a very last fifteen years, and while in this, as in dangerous situation in this regard, and every such movement, many causes enter that we are bound to take it upon us in, it cannot be denied that the work now to re-examine here our undertaking that is being done in this particular di- and to see whether we are actually leadrection has contributed perhaps as large- ing the churches to adopt those elements ly as any other cause to this increa..~e. of a program which are the most vital and fundamental ones. And now is the Further occasions of thanksgiving and time for us to do this because it is a gratitude might easily be added to these, fact that the introduction of one new but there are some things that need to radical idea makes it easier to introduce be set down on the other side of the also other ideas, when the mind of the account, and which as honest and sin- Church is jarred open and she begins cere men we are anxious to deal with. to adopt plans of action that come closer to the ideal. For one thing, the increase of gifts has been woefully inadequate, and, The question that has troubled a measured against the possibilities and great many men throughout the Church opportunities of to-day, it is a question with regard to our present movement is, whether we are in a much better posi- how we can combine with the general tion than ten or fifteen years ago. The acceptance of the method of systematic advance that has been made has been giving the acceptance also of a living utterly inadequate. Secondly, it is not principle of proportionate giving. For, only open to question, probably it is in- after all, system is only a matter of disputable, that the increased giving has method, not essentially a matter of prinnot kept pace with our increased ability ciple. What we wish to introduce is to give. Doubtless with many here in some living and uplifting principle. We this room to-day there has been no increased ability to give, but when we look at the Church as a whole and at the country as a whole, the possibility * This paper is published by special request. It is a stenographic report of an address de- livered at the Presbyterian Church Officers' Conference, Princeton, N.]., September 25, 1916.

believe that this can only be found in gest just a few of these practical moral the acceptance of the Christian principle considerations on which it rests. of stewardship; of giving not only on a methodical basis but on a basis of just First of all, the Gospel ought to lead proportion. But in this, as in every- and enable men to do more than pagans thing, general principles do not suffi- and Jews. The Jew in the old disciently bite. The principle needs to pensation was expected to bring his carry with itself some form of applica- tithe in addition to his taxes and his tion by which it can be easily related various offerings. The generosity of at cnce to action on the part of common many pagans equals the old Jewish Christian men and women. standards. We do not need. to enter into the motives that led them to give. Let us lay aside at the outset all legal The mere fact is that many of the nonideas. There is no such thing as the Christian people like the Jews have law of the tithe. There is a principle given much more than tithes. Now our of the tithe. Let us dismiss from our Lord said unequivocally that principles minds once and for all every legalistic were to be judged by their results; that and statutory idea in the kingdom of modes and motives of action cannot God. The wrong of committing mur- claim the allegiance of man because of der does not consist in the fact that the any beauty of their expression. By their ten commandments forbid it. The ten fruits they were to be tested. Unless commandments forbid it because it is the motives of the Gospel are able to wrong. Right and wrong lie on funda- lead men to give more generously than mental foundations beneath statutes. the Jews and pagans gave, then the mo- They are right and wrong not because tives of the Gospel must be inferior to God says so, but because of God's char- Judaism and paganism. acter. This matter of tithe giving we are not to think of as a symbol of legal Secondly, the Jew and the pagan Judaism. Its claim upon us rests upon faced no less difficulties in the way of moral considerations that would have practicing a principle like this than we made tithe giving the duty of man even face. We face no greater difficulties if the Jewish law had not been enacted. than they faced. As a matter of fact Revelation does not create moral ideas; they did face greater difficulties than we. it only expresses moral ideals that lie in The Jew was a poor man and lived in the will of God. If the principle of a poor land. He had no such currency the tithe is to be operative in the present passing through his hands as passes day accordingly it must be operative be- through ours. He gave of his orchards cause of the broad moral considerations and fields or he set aside one-tenth of that underlie it, which, as a matter of his soil that its produce might be refact, made the principle of tithe giving garded as' not his own but God's. If operative long before it was ever ex- these men then and these men now out pressed in any of the legal enactments in those darkened lands will override of the Old Testament legislation. We this difficulty and, in spite of poverty read in the Epistle to the Hebrews that and limitation, will do this, it is not the principle was held to have existed asking or expecting too much that Chrisin life long before the legislation came tian men should do so. The charges into being. Just so the observance of that are laid upon us to be borne are the Sabbath Day does not rest for us trivial compared with the charges laid upon the fourth commandment; it upon the Jews in the olden day. would be just as valid and real to us to-day if we had never had any deca- Thirdly, we need some practical abidlogue at all. The life principle and ing principle like this to make sure that privilege of the tithe is a working scheme the principle of stewardship is a reality of proportionate giving by which we in our lives and that we do not inwardly can make the principle of stewardship find ourselves swept into self-deception. actual and living. I should like to sug- It is the easiest thing in the world for a man who does not deal with God in the matter of obligation as he does with

16] PROPORTIONATE GIVING

his fellows to find that he has not been how perilous it is, how constantly giving God his due. I will just ask through the New Testament the warnany man who is here in this room this ings are given. As Ruskin says in morning who has adopted the minimum "Time and Tide": principle of the tithe if he did not discover that in the old days he was out- "First, have you observed that all rageously robbing God. Just exactly as Christ's main teachings by direct order, we need the Sabbath for some such pur- by earnest parable, and by His own perpose as this to make sure of the recog- manent emotion, regard the use and nition of all time as sacred to the Lord misuse of money? We might have of Life, just so do we need the recog- thought, if we had been asked what a nition of our tithe obligation to God in divine teacher was most likely to teach, the matter of our wealth. that He would have left inferior per- sons to give directions about money; and In the fourth place, God never would Himself spoken only concerning faith and love, and the discipline of the pashave ordered it if it had heen a mere sions, and the guilt of the crimes of soul against soul. But not so. He transitory matter; if it had not been for speaks in general terms of these. But our good. He does not need tithes for He does not speak parables about them himself. All ten tenths of our wealth for all men's memory, nor permit Him- He can take away if He pleases. The self fierce indignation against them, in principle of tithe giving is needed by all men's sight. The Pharisees bring man. He made it clear not as some- Him an adultress. He writes her forthing for that time only, but as some- giveness on the dust of which He had thing for all time. M,an's moral con- formed her. Another despised of all for stitution has not altered. The fact that known sin, He recognized as a giver of it was good for man three thousand unknown love. But He acknowledges years ago is an evidence that it is good no love in buyers and sellers in His for man still. Our moral nature is the house. One should have thought there same across the lands and, across the were people in that house twenty times centuries, and the old principle was not worse than they; Caiaphas and his like a principle that belonged to a particular -false priests, false prayer-makers, false epoch; it was a principle that lay deep leaders of the people-who needed putin human nature. That is why Mr. ting to silence, or to flight, with darkest Ruskin speaks as he does in the "Seven wrath. But the scourge is only against Lamps of Architecture": traffickers and thieves. The two most intense of all the parables; the two "And let us not now lose sight of which lead the rest in love and in terror this broad and unabrogated principle- (this of the Prodigal, and of Dives) I might say incapable of being abrogated relate, both of them, to the management so long as men shall receive earthly gifts of riches. The practical order given to from God. Of all that they have His the only seeker of advice, of whom it is tithe must be rendered to Him, or in so recorded that Christ 'loved him,' is far and in so much He is forgotten; of briefly about his property. 'Sell that the skill and of the treasure, of the strength and of the mind, of the time thou hast.' " and of the toil offering must be made So it was throughout all our Lord's reverently; and if there be any difference between the Levitical and the teaching. He realized that some of the Christian offering, it is that the latter sources of deepest peril to man in one may be just so much the wider in its sense lay in money, In order to escape range as it is typical in its meaning, as that peril, we need the protecting grasp it is thankful instead of sacrificial." of some great and secure principle. Who does not know how serious this Fifthly, money is the most perilous need is ? We can think of friend after thing with which we have to cope, next friend who in these last years has had to the baser, sensual nature. It is one wealth piled in upon him, and we have of the most dangerous forces with which we have to deal. Money-we all know

seen the spiritual atrophy, unless he that instinct did not account for the clung to some simple principle of action change of the Lord's Day from the like this to hold him secure. seventh to the first day of the week. We are often hard put to give our In the sixth place, vur Lvrd himself Scriptural grounds for the change. If recognized and approved the validity of you rest it on any legalistic grounds, the the principle of the tithe. He said to Old Testament principle is clear-the the Scribes and Pharisees : "You give seventh day. Why did the Christians tithes, and this you ought to have done." swing around to the first? First, the So many times now do we say that the memories of the resurrection; second, Old Testament laws are abrogated in there was the feeling, "Perhaps I may Christ. The types and shadows were not have the seventh day this week. I fulfilled and terminated in Christ, but will make sure that God has His day bethe moral law was not terminated in fore anybody else. The first I will give Christ. N one of these moral ideals did to Him." And through the years the Christ abrogate. He reinforced and Christian conscience has insisted that it sanctioned everyone of them, and poured must be so. The same instinct will upon each one of them the burden of a govern our hearts, if we allow it, in greater obligation. He explicitly en- regard to our wealth, which is only time dorsed the tithe. "You give tithes, and and strength embodied in a transportthis you ought to have done." able asset.

Seventhly, there is no objection that Ninth, it is only so that the causes holds against the principle of the tithe of Christ in the world will get what that does not hold also against the prin- they need. They never will get it by ciple of the Sabbath day. Both rest on any mere system, never by any hapthe same ground of Old Testament hazard method, by allowing every man sanction, New Testament recognition, to whittle out his own principle; it will moral claim and adaptation. And, if only be when the whole Church genthe Sabbath had fallen into neglect as erously yields itself to some corporate the tithe has done, the same arguments principle that bears a definite relation would be raised against its revival which to all its life. The general adoption of are raised against the tithe. And the the principle of the tithe throughout the gains of Sabbath keeping are the gains Church would pour into all the treasof tithe giving, too. I leave it to every uries of the agencies of the Church and one of you if the scrupulous recogni tion the great philanthropies and movements of the Sabbath Day does not pour a of charity and good will all that they holiness over a man's conception of would need for the work that must be trusteeship in regard to all his time. . • . done, and we shall not be likely to ac- Every argument for keeping the Sabbath complish it in any but this simple, fun- Day holy upholds the principle of the damental ethical way. tithe. Tenth. I think every man will find, Eighth, it is the only sure way of as every man who has passed through giving God his right share. If we say the experience can testify, that the acwith regard to every other obligation, ceptance of a principle like this marks "Now I will scrupulously regard that a distinct era of spiritual enlargement what I owe to every other creditor I in his life. It carries him forward and will certainly pay," and then take the leads him out into a wider expanse. view that for the Lord of All we will The whole thought of God's love and pick up the crumbs that are left at the presence and human duty becomes more end, the chance is that He will get less vivid. I am not speaking here out of than His right in what we have to give the air. I am speaking out of the exand spend. The only sure way of se- perience of many in this room who look curing to the uses of God in the exten- back to such a time as marking the besion of His kingdom what it needs is to ginning of a new era in their lives. set aside carefully for Him the first tenth. I wonder sometimes whether In the eleventh place, it rna}' bring

PROPORTIONATE GIVING

the great religious expansion and awak- have a right to take all the money that ening for which we long. comes to me and before I do anything whatever with any of it to set aside a "Bring ye the whole tithe into the tenth for the Lord. What a joy that storehouse, that there may be food in brings into life, that we may simply act My house, and prove Me now herewith, as banker for God with reference to saith the Lord of hosts, if I will not this, to spend for His work. Mr. open you the windows of heaven, and Gladstone wrote of this to.a son who pour you out a blessing, that there shall was then in residence at Oxford U ni- not be room enough to receive it." versity, in which he suggested eight rules, the observance of which would be I suppose we have many times stum- conducive to the highest interests of his bled at Horace Bushnell's word on this son's life, literary and moral and spir- subject and wondered whether for once itual. Among the suggestions was the one of the greatest spiritual voices of his following on the use of money: time had not missed the true note when he said: "One more revival, only one "In regard to money-there is a mor.e is needed, the revival of Christian great advantage in its methodical use. stewardship, the consecration of the Especially is it wise to dedicate a cermoney power to God. When that re- tain portion of our means to purposes of vival comes, the Kingdom of God will charity and religion, and this is more come in a day." But may this not be easily begun in youth than in after life. true? Mr. Gladstone even went so far The greatest advantage of making a as to say: "I believe that the diffusion little fund of this kind is that when we of the principle and practice of system- are asked to give, competition is not beatic beneficence will prove the moral tween self on the one hand and any specific of our age." charity on the other, but between the different purposes of religion and char- Lastly, I believe in this principle be- ity with one another, among which we cause, regardless of anything that will ought to make the most careful choice. flow from it, it is fundamentally right. It is desirable that the tenth of our I t does not matter what effect it may means be dedicated to God, and it tends have on our lives, whether it pinches or to bring a blessing on the rest. No one cramps. We believe in it because we can tell the richness of the blessings that think it is right. I liked a letter that come to those who thus honor the Lord appeared in the Sunday School Times with their substance." a few years ago. A number of letters had been published telling of the pros- This practice delivers one from the perity which had followed the adoption worry of debating every separate appeal of tithe-giving. One man wrote that that comes, and it makes him a free and he had an utterly contrary experience glad trustee. from the rest, and told a long story of the struggle that he had undergone, I can remember still the very hour growing harder and harder ever since he that all this first pressed on me i~ I892 had adopted that principle. Shortly in the old First Church at Auburn. after there was a letter from Canada Horace Pitkin, who was then a student which said that what the last man in the theological seminary, who later wrote, who had done it because it was died as one of the martyrs in the Boxer right in spite of the hardship it brought, tempest in China, read a paper on prohad touched the writer as no experience portionate giving and the principle of of prosperity had done and he also had the tithe. I never had seen this truth begun what clearly seemed to him now until that morning, and it burst on me the thing to. do because and only because as dear as sunlight that this was the it was right. right, the privilege and the duty of Let me lay the emphasis lastly on the Christians. And if only the Christian rich privilege of being justified in giv- Church would come to it, my friends, ing at least a tenth of our income. I what could we not do?

American Board at

T HE one hundred and seventh annual meeting of the Americar. Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions was one of the most inspiring that body has ever held. Among those present were the officers, one hundred corporate members and nearly seventy-five missionaries, active or retired, who represented all fields of the Board's work except Ceylon, Bohemia, the Philippines and Spain.

A high note was struck at the very first session in the inspiring an- nual reports of the treasurer and the Home Secretary. The total receipts were the largest in the history of the Board, $1,207,226, showing an increase in gifts from both churches and individuals, women's societies and legacies. Yet it was pointedly stated that, even so, the average gift per member of the Congregational churches was only $ I .08, and should be greatly increased.

Two outstanding features marked the Toledo meeting. One was the unusual prominence naturally given to the situation in Turkey. Nearly forty missionaries from that country were present, and eleven of these spoke from the platform.

The other feature of the meeting was the call that came for the Board to enter South America. The Committee on Co-operation in Latin America of the Panama Congress has officially invited the American Board to join the agencies already in the field of South America. Several possible fields for work, all now utterly neglected, were outlined. After a full discussion, a committee of five was appointed to make further investigation and present definite recommendations to the next meeting of the Board looking toward this new move. It is understood that the question is largely one of the best use of the funds at the Board's disposal.

The officers of the Board were all re-elected. The new recording secretaries, Dr. Oscar E. Maurer and Dr. Edward W. Capen, were in service at this meeting for the first time. From time to time the American Board Quartet deepened the spiritual tone of the sessions with helpful songs.

The next meeting of the American Board is to be held in Los Angeles, California, in connection with the meeting of the Congregational National Council, in June, 19 17.

"Being armed is a condition of evil, if a nation has no character."- President Edward C. AIoore) D.D.

"To say that China is waking up does not begin to express it: she is pacing the floor with growing-pains."-Rev. YJ7. B. Stelle.

"I have a lot of leaning toward robbers; they do things, and are not afraid. The Indian Government asks the American Board to take over the robber caste-7S,000 of them. I'd rather have them than 500,000 of some other castes."-Secretary Barton.

"All the world is ripening for a new gospel in terms of spiritualized economics."-Dean Edward I. Bosworth.

THOUGHTS

MXS SliONAlRY ADDRESSES PREPARED BY REV. FRANCIS PALMER, TRENTON, NEW JERSEY Four Outlines for lUidweek Services. Third Week.

First Week "AMERICA'S POSITION IN THE WORLD "THE WORLD CALL" CONQUEST"

I. Conditions Favo;-able to the Spread I. Strategic Location. of Christianity. 2. Qualities of Character Needed.

An Accessible World-A Plastic Mechanical Genius – PubLic World-A Changing World. SchooL-Home Missionary.

2. Multiplying Agencies of the King- Home of World Movements. dom. 3. Resources.

Missionary Societies – National Mineral Resources-WeaLth-Ag- and Local. riculturaL Products.

The Missionary Army-Preach- 4. Vision and Spiritual Enterprise. ers, Teachers, Medical Agencies. Fourth Week. Missionary Money. "THE INDIVIDUAL'S RESPONSE TO THE 3. Signs of W orId Victories. Progress of Centuries. WORLD ApPEAL" Social Reconstruction. The Native Church. r. A Program of Education-Widen- ing the Horizon. Second Week. 2. A Program of Finance-Chris- "THE CHALLENGE OF A GREAT TASK" tian Principles of Stewardship.

I. The WorId as a Whole-The 3. A Program of Service-Giving Unity of the Race. Self, Time, Talents.

2. Fields Closed to Missionary E!l- 4. A Program of Prayer-The En- terprise. ergizing Power of Prayer.

Tibet – NepaL – Bhutan – Af- A SERMON OUTLINE * ghanistan. The Church's Cha:t·ter 3. Fields Open but Unoccupied. Mongolia – Manchuria – Cen- The importance of a charter to every tral Asia. organization as the instrument of its rights and the guarantee of its existence. 4. Fields Hopefully Occupied. A charter might be defined as "A legal The Americas – North, CentraL enactment by competent authority defin- and South. ing the purpose and privilege of the or- Asia-The Near East-Far East. ganization, imposing responsibilities, and Africa – Pagan, Mohammedan, incapable of being set aside by a lesser Christian. authority."

* Based on "The Call of the World," by Matt. xxviii. 18-20, is such a charter.

W. E. Doughty. This little book furnishes I. A Legal Enactment by the Risen "facts, big facts, human facts, related Christ-the Son of God, Supreme facts." Its four chapters lend themselves Authority. to a series of midweek missionary services. d. Romans i. 4, Matt. xxviii. 18-19. Assign sub-topics to qualified laymen. Fur- d. England's Magna Charta, signed nish each with a copy of "The Call of the by King John, delivered to the Barons World." The result will be an enthusiastic of England at Runnymede, the basis layman and a vitalized prayer meeting.- of Anglo-Saxon constitutional liberty. F. P. * Theme suggested by Dr. W m. Hiram Foulkes.

2. A Definition of Privilege and Re-w·.portation. During the summer of 1916 sponsibility. ,the means of succoring them were lack- (I) A World Task – Jerusalem,. ,ing and the way to their relief seemed Judea, Samaria, uttermost part totally barred. There have been many of the earth (Acts i. 8). signs of late that Turkey was relenting (2) The Task Threefold. and that the Powers who blocked the (a) Evangelization (Mark xvi. way to getting supplies into the war area 15), giving each person an have revised their implacable policy. . . .

adequate opportunity to "Gifts of the American nation will be know and receive Christ. able to do for the war sufferers in Tur- (d. Means of spreading key what they have done for the Bel- knowledge touring, gians. There may be reasons why the preaching, etc.) United States should not and could not (b) Naturalization of Chris- hope to solve the problems of Europe by tianity (Matt. xxviii. 19, entering the war. But there is no reason R. V.)-permanent plant- why the nation that is profiting most ing of Christian churches from Europe's misfortune should not and Christian institutions. make a supreme humanitarian effort to (d. The process of natu- save the Armenian nation, the Syrian ralizing a foreigner: (I ) Christians, and the Palestinian Jews.

oath of allegiance, (2) as- This relief effort will also be directed similation of speech and in the interest of the Moslem population.

ideals of American institu- The cradle of our civilization and the tions. Christianity is natu- birthland of the three great monotheistic ralized when the native religions call out to the New World.

church reaches self-support The response of the American people is and self-government.) the only hope of salvation."

(c) Christianization (Matt. xxviii. 2o)-the application Illustrations and Thoughts of principles to the total life Give, give, be always giving. of the individual and com- Who gives not is not living. munity. The more you give, the more you live. 3. An Act Incapable of Being Set Aside Give strength, give thought, give deeds, By human authority. By personal unconcern. give pelf, By widespread indifference. Give love, give tears and give thyself; By disbelief in missions, etc. Give, give, be always giving. Who gives not is not living. IMPRESSIVE FACTS The more you give, the more you live.

AJHerien'.. W …..-Gain.. and Reliei'-GUts The Power of the Word Herbert Adams Gibbons, the war cor- The city of Wanhsien four years ago respondent of the Philadelphia Evening was a notorious place for anti-foreign Telegraph, wrote recently from Paris: feeling. The people would not have a copy of the Gospel as a free gift. But "It was gratifying to read that Presi- last year, from January to April, my dent Wilson had set aside October 21st fellow-workers and I sold 16,000 Gosand 22d as days for a national contribu- pels on the streets of that city. We sent tion to the great work of relieving the out in the last year 69,000 Bibles, New Armenians and Syrians of Asiatic Tur- Testaments and Scripture portions. They key. . . . It is altogether probable that had begun to read it and hunger for the among the world sufferers in the twen- Gospel spread rapidly. That is the tieth century none need help to so great power of the Word of God.-T. Daran extent-and need it more urgently- lington, Wanhsie-n, China. than these victims of massacre and de- "AFTER A THOUSAND DIFFERENT THOUGHTS, NOW ONE FIXED PURPOSE."

Hebrew- Chri~dian Witness smaller towns for Bible conferences

evangelistic services. If the way is A MERICA is the land of refuge for opened other workers will follow. Hebrews. Here they find physical, social, mental, religious and financial This is a movement for Hebrew freedom and enlarged opportunities. Christian evangelism by united forces, Why should they not also find spiritual with a view to blessing Jew and Genlife and liberty? This would doubtless tile and the Church of God. result if Christians would exhibit toward them the spirit of Christ as eagerly as What the Jews Need they manifest a desire for financial profit. REV. H. L. HELLYER, a Hebrew A vision of better things is suggested by a conference of Hebrew Christians, Christian engaged in work for his held last August at Port Dalhousie, people in Philadelphia, recently declared Canada. There were present: Rev. S. B. that nothing is more needed in work among the Jews of America than an in- Rohold of Toronto, Rev. J. 1. Lands- telligent presentation of the love of mann of England, Dr. A. R. Kuldell at Christ. Since landing in America the Jews have seen and experienced a Chris- Baltimore, Rev. H. L. Hellyer of Phila- tianity different from that which they delphia, and Rev. Max J. Reich of used to see in such countries as Russia, Morrisville, Pa. These men organized Galicia, and Roumania. Thousands of an association called "The Hebrew them are prepared to re-examine the Christian Witness to Israel in North claims of Jesus' Messiahship, and His America." The object of the organiza- lordship over the lives of men. What is tion is to awaken greater interest in the needed is to enlighten the Jew upon the evangelization of Israel and to bear more contents of the Gospel message. At least effective Christian testimony to this race. ninety-eight per cent of the Jews in It is proposed to open a headquarte;'c, America have never looked into a New from which qualified men shall go forth Testament. They have no idea what from time to time, as the way opens, the Gospel teaches. The New Testatwo by two, to reach Gentile Christians ment is never found in their homes, is in their churches and to present the forbidden in their synagogues and schools, truth of Christ to the Jews in each and is condemned as a book utterly unlocality. A committee of reference, com- worthy to be read or studied as a means posed of well-known Christians, is to be of moral uplift. formed, and also competent agents are to be appointed to superintend the busi- Tile Episcopal Convention, St. Louis ness part of the work, so that those engaged in the public testimony may not A NOTABLE gathering of bishops be in any way involved in collecting and laymen assembled for the Genfunds for the support of the work. eral Convention of the Protestant Epis- copal Church at St. Louis in October. The temporary office is in the Chris- The treasurer of the Board of Missions tian Synagogue, 165 Elizabeth Street, reported special receipts from the "One Toronto, Ontario. The Rev. S. B. Day's Income" to be over $110,000. Rohold is secretary pro tern. The officers of the Board were re-elected, but later Secretary Burleson was made The movement is full of promise and Bishop of South Dakota. may accomplish great things if Christians will join in the undertaking. The One of the most striking resolutions object is to unite forces and talents of adopted by the House of Deputies is Hebrew Christians for a more effective for the benefit of converts from Judaevangelism among Jews and Gentiles. ism and was as follows: A beginning is to be made first by two Hebrew Christians going out into

"Resolved, That this House reaffirms cationallyand religiously, that the friends its declaration of Christian liberty to of the society have urged and made it Hebrew converts as set forth in its full possible for its presentation in other reports of 1907 and 1910, assuring our cities. Jewish brethren that they are free to observe the national rites and ceremonies In completing its first century of work of Israel when they accept Christ, ac- the society reiterates the following aims: cording to the clear teaching of the New Circulate and grant Scriptures without Testament and the practice of Christ racial or denominational discrimination and the apostles; and we further urge throughout the United States and Latin upon the whole Church to take up ear- America in the Western Hemisphere, nestly, with sympathy and affection, the and in six great fields of the Eastern work of winning the ancient people of Hemisphere; continue the great work of God to the Kingdom and obedience of translating the Scriptures into languages Jesus Christ." which have them not; take the Bible to the poor, the ignorant, the untaught; to The Woman's Auxiliary made itself strangers, immigrants, prisoners; respond responsible for raising $50,000 for the to unique openings in old fields, e. g., new St. Agnes' School at Kyoto, Japan. China and Mexico, the Philippines, the When Bishop Brent appealed for $30,- Cristobal Bible House; respond to un- 000 for an industrial high school in the usual temporary needs and present in- Philippines, $26,000 was pledged within ternational conditions, e. g., the soldiers fifty minutes. At a mass meeting in the on both sides of the Mexican border and interest of St. Luke's International Hos- the soldiers in Europe. pital, Tokyo, Japan, $32,000 was pledged toward the $96,000 necessary to The 'l'roops and Clean I~iving complete the sum required. During the days of the convention practically $roo,- I N connection with the Y. M. C. A. 000 was given and promised for special work among the troops on the Mexineeds. No previous General Convention can border, thousands of men have has had such a record of generosity. signed this pledge: American Bible Society Centennial "I take this step pledging my alle- giance to my highest manhood, my home I N celebration of the centennial of the and to society, to lead a clean life and American Bible Society, great official to help others to do so." and union meetings, with notable speakers, have been held all over the United Members of the secretarial staff speak States and in many foreign lands dur- most enthusiastically of the Clean Living ing the past year. Thousands of cele- Campaign conducted by H. L. Heinzbrations by churches, Sunday schools, man and Dr. M. J. Exner. The results auxiliaries, colleges and seminaries have are regarded as remarkably good in the aroused interest in the great work: of influence which has been exerted among the society in providing and circulating the men. the Scriptures. Scores of Church synods, conferences and associations have given A sergeant in the hospital corps replace to this great event in their official ported that prior to a meeting addressed programs, and the Society urges the ob- by Mr. Heinzman, out of sixty men in servance of December loth as Universal the corps an average of eight daily ap- Bible Sunday. plied for treatment for venereal diseases. In the week following the meeting the A pageant, "The Bible Among the number had dwindled to one. Nations," consisting of fifteen tableaux, showing from its earliest history the Choir Singer a Mormon Missionary translation, printing and distribution of the Bible, was first given at Washing- MRS. LULU LOVELAND SHEPton by the leading churches of that city ARD recently spoke in a Methand was such a great success, both edu- odist church in Philadelphia and told of the 5,000 young men and women who are busy as missionaries for the Mormon church. "They go out with neither

FROM MANY LANDS

purse nor scrip," she said, "and find little decree is the climax of a campaign waged difficulty in being cared for as they go by the newspaper EI Universal, which along." Then she startled her hearers attracted wide attention throughout the by saying; "Do you Methodists know republic. In the decree General Carthat one of these Mormon missionaries ranza says that the Government is under at work in Philadelphia is supported by obligation to stamp out customs which a Methodist church? This young wom- are .opposed to culture and to aid civilan has a fine voice, and a large Meth- ization by elevating the moral level of odist church in Philadelphia pays her a the citizens. Bull fights are denounced salary as a choir singer. So she supports as needlessly endangering the lives of herself by singing Methodist hymns on men, torturing beasts, provoking san- Sunday and is free to travel from door guinary sentiments and disgracing the to door through the week, proselyting country. The "First Chief" adds that for the Mormon church." bull fighting causes misery to the poor, who, for a moment's enjoyment, go Noteworthy Indian Resolutions without the necessities of life to witness the degrading exhibition. THE resolutions adopted by the Young Men's Christian Association National The penalty for infringement of the Indian Student Conference at Estes decree is a fine of $1,(XX) to $5,000, im- Park, Colorado, demonstrate the extent of Indian development. These Indians prisonment of two to six months, or both. of the new generation believe that the day has arrived when every student of A Dl"'af Mute PrPRt"IIe-r in Cuba, their race who has completed the full course of study prescribed by the Fed- T HE Eastern Cuba Baptist Conveneral Indian Bureau for Indian schools tion is noted for the spirit of evanshould be deemed fully competent to handle his own affairs, should receive gelism. Perhaps the most striking full rights of citizenship and be thrown feature of the last meeting, held at Vicon his own resources entirely. The toria las Tunas, was the preaching of a moral responsibilities of guardianship of deaf mute, a native Cuban, a layman in their own people these students consid- one of the Cuban mission churches. As ered in resolutions against the use of soon as this deaf mute reached the Condrugs; and also the practices "which pre- vention town he inquired if there were vail among some of our Indian people any deaf mutes in the place, and being of participating in shows, dances and told of one, at once sought out the man other pagan practices for the amusement and began preaching the gospel of salof white people, thus humiliating our vation to him. The result was that the race and destroying its standards." man gave his heart to the Saviour. This These resolutions further look toward a deaf mute layman is not only a devoted termination of the Government ward- church member, but is constantly preachship of the Indians and their complete ing to the deaf mutes in his own town, merging in the general population of the and to all who understand his sign lancountry. Among other subjects of con- guage he makes known the faith that gratulation these students include the fills his soul with joy. Superintendent full liberty of individual choice in re- Howells says this is not an exceptional ligion, which has been made prominent case, but that this man is an example of under the present national administra- the evangelistic spirit that is prevalent tion. among the Cuban Christians. The Gos- pel means so much to them that they cannot keep still about it.

LA'rIN AMERICA Rival Sunday Schools in Argentina Bull Fighting in ~Iexico HE largest Spanish-speaking church T in Buenos Aires had, until a few GENERAL CARRANZA- signed a months ago, only about 140 pupils in decree on October 9th prohibiting the Sunday school. Then Rev. George bull fighting throughout Mexico. The

P. Howard, South American Secretary ceipts, $1,345,180, showed an increase of for the World's Sunday School Associa- $11,500. tion, was asked to take the situation in hand, and as a result they "all caught London Mi….ion to Chinese Sailors the Sunday school vision and the attendance increased to 256." By their efforts A CHINESE Christian student in the children are also stirring up other London is carrying on a mission for schools. Chinese sailors in the East End. He says: "One of the largest schools in Montevideo has set out to become a model "I preach the Gospel to Chinese seaschool. They have put in a complete men every Sunday. The power of the graded course, kindergarten department, Holy Spirit has touched many hearts and three teacher-training classes, etc. They the number of men who have received have been doing wonders, but as soon the salvation of God has gone up to as they heard about our school in this eighty. When they go away they take rival city, they held a council of war, a Bible with them. They write and tell sent a letter of congratulation to the me how they are enjoying themselves on superintendent, and made up their minds board. They sing songs to the praise of that they would not let their brethren God and tell their fellow workers of across the River Plate beat them. The their discovery and possession of the days are all too short for the accomplish- 'pearl of great price.' Although they ing of all that needs to be done." may occasionally meet with persecutions, yet they stand fast joyfully in their un- EUROPE shakable faith in God.

TBibles by the iUnUons "The men come to learn English and HE British and Foreign Bible Society Chinese on week days. They are very reports remarkable activity. From keen to study. In all this work I receive Berlin several hundred thousand books invaluable help from the Salvation Army for German and Austrian troops, and people, who are always kind to our counfor Russian, French and British pris- trymen. The work was commenced two oners of war, have been distributed. years ago. Since then it has borne re- About 1,300,000 volumes were circu- markable fruits." lated in the Central European area. At one internment camp in France, German For the Relief of JeW's officers collected fourteen francs to send to the society by way of thanks for THE Russian Jews' Relief Fund Com- Testaments presented to them. Over mittee, established in England, has half a million volumes have been presented to military hospitals in England been instrumental during the first year and Wales alone. In the first twenty in raising over $135,000 for the relief of months of the war four and a half mil- suffering Russian and Polish Jews in the lion volumes were distributed. China Eastern war zone. took 2,371,000 volumes and India and Ceylon 1,088,000, while the English The distribution of the funds has been issue was 2,700,ooo-just double that of undertaken by a committee in Petrograd, two years ago. Ten new languages- presided over by Baron Gilnzburg, which eight of them in Africa-have been add- is officially recognized by the Russian ed to the society's list of versions, making Government. This committee has set a total of 497 languages in which the up over 150 centres where the need is Bible, in whole or in part, is published. greatest, and the whole work is, there- Last year's total issue of volumes reached fore, under efficient supervision. the unprecedented figure of 1I,059,617. The society's expenditure, $1,275,480, The estimated cost per refugee is two was, by severe economies, $65,550 below or three roubles per month. For helping that of the previous year, while the re- refugees along their route of travel, thirty train divisions were specially or- ganized. There were opened 12 hos- pitals and isolation shelters, 45 ambu- lances, 122 feeding centres, and 40 shel- ters for children.

FROM MANY LANDS

The Million Shilling Fund, which it very low. Has there been much family is now proposed to raise, will enable the prayer since the beginning of this great Petrograd committee to provide food, conflict? Perhaps there was more for a clothing, shelter and medical aid for the certain period. But in this matter also refugees during the winter. there has been a slackening as the war has drawn out its weary length, as the To Abolish the "Pale" in Ru….ia situation has remained about stationary."

IT is reported that a bill is to be intro- Rou:rnania and the Gospel duced in the Russian Imperial Duma abolishing the "pale" and giving the Jews THE Scripture Gift Mission for the the same rights as other Russians. Pro- past nine months has been very acfessor Paul Miliukov, of Moscow University, it was said, made the announce- tively engaged in printing and circulatment in Petrograd on his return from ing the Scriptures in Roumania among England, France and Italy, where he has the mobilized troops, and the secretary toured with other members of the Duma. has in his possession many letters of thanks from the commanders of the Rou- Professor Miliukov, whose statement manian army corps for the very welcome is quoted, the leader of the Constitutional gifts to the soldiers under their com- Democrats, has always championed equal mand. Letters have also been received rights for the Jews. Bills in favor of from the military colleges and the Red tne emancipation of the Jews in Russia Cross establishments, all saying how dewere introduced several times in the lighted they are to receive the attractive Duma by the progressive factions, but little Gospels issued by the mission. An the reactionaries have always defeated acknowledgment has also been sent from them. By a departmental order the resi- the Minister of Religion and Instruction, dence of Jews outside the "pale" is al- so that it can be seen that this effort of ready permitted. A circular issued by the Scripture Gift Mission has been Count Ignatieff, the Russian Minister of specially favored. A royal princess has Education, abolishing the system of bal- taken the matter up very keenly and is lot for Jews desiring to enter the Rus- doing her utmost to get the Gospels into sian secondary schools, is regarded as an the hands of as many soldiers as possible. excellent omen for the further enfran- The mission has on order some 200,000 chisement of the Jews. Gospels, but quite 400,000 more will be needed. French Attitude Toward Prayer WOl'k for ltalian Soldier.. EARLY in the war reports came from France that people were filling long- THE Waldensian Church has realized the new opportunities for Christian neglected churches and giving themselves to prayer. This, however, has appar- work, due to the fact that three million ently not continued. Le Bon Messager, soldiers are massed in a comparatively the organ of the MacAU Mission, says: small territory in the proper mood to "What has become of prayer during this receive and assimilate the message of the war? Have our churches been at prayer Gospel. Steps have accordingly been as much as our armies have been at bat- taken to reach as many as possible with tle? Have we employed our weapons the Word of God. spiritual with similar courage, the same faith and the same heroic patience, as The Italian Government has nomiour armies have shown? In the first nated three Waldensian pastors as chapdays of the war it seemed as though this lains to their co-religionists in the army, duty had been properly understood, and with the same rank (captain), salary, people had begun to pray. But it is as privileges and duties as the chaplains of though the impulse were not strong the Roman Church. They hold regular enough; for it soon fell back and the services in the trenches whenever posprayer meetings speedily resumed the old sible, visit the wounded in the infirmaries level in point of attendance-which was and hospitals, comfort the dying, etc.

No other oenomination has had this for the restoration (repairs, etc.) of privilege. school and chapel buildings, not exclud- ing Gregorian churches. These have A committee of assistance and relief been, generally speaking, greatly injured for Italian evangelical soldiers has been and defiled and must be repaired and organized in Turin, with the object of restored as opportunity offers. 3. Spekeeping in touch with all the Protestant cial funds should be provided for the soldiers. Every soldier is supplied with opening of orphanages in many places to a New Testament, a comfort kit, and provide for the great body of orphans possibly woolen clothing, etc. Relief is now needing to be gathered into homes. also given to families of reservists. The The Turks are trying to get these into weekly religious paper, La Luce, is sent their hands to rear as Moslems." free every week to all Protestant soldiers and all who ask for it. One full page These plans coincide with the convicis always devoted entirely to news from tions of the Turkey missionaries now in the soldiers. Professor Giovanni Ros- America, most of whom are eager to go tiegno, of the Waldensian Seminary, has back. published a tract, "Letter to the Soldier of Italy," nearly IOO,CXJO copies of which A Mosletn Ca.rpenter COllYerted have already been distributed. M ISS MARY R. FLEMING, of The colporteurs of the Immigration Bureau of the society meet the Italian ~ Tabriz, Persia, sends some interreservists who have been pouring into esting items in a letter received some Genoa and Naples from North America weeks ago. She says: and all parts of the world, distributing copies of the Gospel among them. More "In spite of the unsettled condition of than 28,CXJO have been distributed. the world in general and of wars and rumors of wars around us, the work at The motto of the Church this year is: Tabriz has gone on steadily. While one "A Gospel to every soldier!" of our number was itinerating in Ma- ragha, a very interesting occurrence was MOSLE1U LANDS the conversion of a young Mohammedan Tabriz carpenter who had gone down Reconstruction Plans in Turkey there to fulfil a contract for work. He had been a Bahaist, but was not satisfied Q UALITIES of statesmanship have with that faith and had been for some always been characteristic of the time an inquirer. He came out deleaders in the missionary enterprise. A cidedly for Christ while we were there fresh illustration of this is seen in the and has suffered some persecution for his way in which the missionaries in Tur- change of faith, the persecution taking key, even in these dark and terrible days, the form of a boycott, as his relatives are are looking ahead and making plans for refusing to have any social intercourse the days of restoration and reconstruc- with him, threatening to take his wife tion which they believe are on their way. from him. His employer also refused to pay him for the work done on account The missionaries in Constantinople, of his change of faith, but he is standing after due consideration, have endorsed firm. We found a great deal of interest the following plans for which in their among the people in the subject of rejudgment special funds should be pro- ligion, and the field everywhere seems vided ready for use in a short time: more open than ever." "I. Special funds should be set apart for helping young men and young women The Syrian Protestant College to fit themselves for preaching and teaching in the near future. Through this THE Syrian Protestant College at we hope to get a good number in course Beirut has had the most exciting year of training at once. We judge that this work must be chiefly done in Constanti- in its history, but, in spite of war condinople, Brousa and Smyrna. 2. Special tions, 769 students were enrolled last funds should be provide.! and set apart

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

year. At the commencement last June INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON the degree of Doctor of Laws was be- stowed upon Dr. Daniel Bliss (who died Ne"l-v HOllIe Standards In India a few weeks later), and at the same time the president of the board of trustees, WHEN I visited Miss RTohboibnsuorn~ Dr. D. Stuart Dodge, of New York principal of the Isabella City, received in absentia the degree of LL.D. College, she showed me a big packet of Misery ill Arulenia letters and said: THE attention of the civilized world "There is a new world in India. was called to the sufferings of the Eight thousand young men are 'graduat- Armenians by the action of the President of the United States, who, at the request ing from college every year. These men of both houses of Congress, named October 21st and 22d as Armenian and don't want a mere child, a toy, for a Syrian Relief Days and promptly followed up his proclamation by placing at wife; they wish companionship. All the disposal of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief a navy these are letters of inquiry of a matricollier for supplies of food and clothing. As a result of this and other efforts over monial nature. We could arrange for one million and a half dollars has been contributed to Armenian relief by Amer- more marriages than we have graduates, icans in the past six months. The 100,000 Syrians in America have also and those marriages into the most de- given $ro per capita for the relief of sirable families. Sometimes it seems as their countrymen. if I were conducting a matrimonial bu- The terrible reports of existing condi- reau, to supply wives for future college tions continue' to make clear how extensive the plans for relief must be. For professors, judges, deputy collectors and example, a worker in Aleppo writes from a Turkish village: "Tell our mis- all sorts of influential men." sionaries that their college children, young men and girls, are dying of hun- That is it! There is a new man as ger. To look at them breaks one's heart. Tell of the crowds of children outside well as a new woman in the Orient, and crying for bread; of the many pure young girls sold for bread to the Arabian this man has a new ideal of womanhood men; of the young people who are weakened by hunger, till they look like the and family life. In some cases families aged. The people kill and eat the street dogs. J saw a woman who ate the not Christian are setting up that characclotted blood of an animal killed in the street. Up to now all ate grass, but teristic Christian institution, the family that too is dried up." meal. This alone means a revolution in Eyewitnesses all along the Euphrates have reported seeing the Armenian refu- the position of woman; for by Indian gees still wandering by the hundreds, eating grass, herbs and locusts, and in custom the wife, whether of high or low some cases even dead animals and the flesh of human bodies. degree, has waited upon her husband, One dollar will keep ten persons alive standing while he ate, and later has parfor one week in Asia Minor. taken alone, or with the children, the portion of food he set aside for her.- HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY in the World Outlook.

Floods Work Havoe in India I N a letter to the Methodist Board of Foreign Missions, Rev. George W. Briggs, of Allahabad, India, writes: "Both the Ganges and Jumna rivers, which meet at Allahabad City, have overflowed their banks. The waters are higher than at any time within the last thirty years. The rainfall at Allahabad is twentv inches in excess of normal. In certain ~ections of the city the water has come perilously near, while in others it has flooded houses, causing them to fall. Whole villages have been submerged or washed away. There has been great suffering and destruction at Chunar and Manikpur. When this news reaches America the rains will be over, but the suffering will not have stopped. Mouldy

grain means cholera. Flooded sections has taken place during the year. The of the city cause fevers. Loss of prop- Church has sought to rise to its opportuerty means poverty added to poverty. nity in an aggressive missionary cam- And indescribable distress will prevail. paign, and a three years' campaign has The village houses are built of adobe. been auspiciously begun. Each year one Excessive rain and flood, in many in- week is to be devoted to special personal stances, have caused whole villages to evangelism by the members of the melt away. In our own district this Church, and to prepare the Church for means hundreds of homeless men, wom- this work Bible study circles and sysen and children. It means crops washed tematic prayer have been entered on. away. Their next harvest will not be Half of the communicants of the Church gathered till April, 1917." are now enrolled in Bible study circles, more than half are giving themselves GerInan Missions in India. daily to prayer for India, and the first special week of simultaneous evangelism G OOD news is received from the has been held. The figures and results native Christian churches of the are impressive. During this week over Gassner Mission in India through letters 8,000 workers (6,000 men and 2,000 from native pastors and from the English women) gave themselves wholly to evan- Bishop Westcott of Chota Nagpur, who gelism. In 3,814 towns and villages now has the supervision of the mission. throughout South India the campaign The native superintendent of the Gass- was carried on, 300,000 men and women ner Mission Press writes: "We work heard the sound of the Gospel, and of everyone in his sphere as before and no these, 8,000 are now "enquirers," and one hinders us. All the institutions still 6,000 have decided for Christ. To the exist; not the least change has been at- young Church itself this movement has tempted. The work in the printing brought a sense of unity, a flow of life, office and bindery continues as of old. and a holy consecration, that evoke grati- Yet our income has decreased, for we do tude to God and cause a hopeful wonder not sell as many books as before. It is as to whereunto this thing will grow. very hard for me to carryon the work in the old manner. The Bishop has SIAM AND THE LAOS come to my help a little by letting me print since March 1st The Messenger Customs Change in Siam of the S. P. G. Mission." NoT long ago a Buddhist priest in The Hermansburg and Leipzig Mis- Southern Asia was not supposed sions have given over their property rights in India to other corporations, even to look at a woman. When one with the consent of the British Govern- of the sex' appeared in sight he took ment-the Hermansburg to the United shelter behind a big palm leaf fan. But Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Ohio a Presbyterian missionary says of the and other states. Permission has been government examination in Siam in a granted by the government to the Swed- government school building: "The room ish Church Mission to take over the was full of young Buddhist priests in property of the Leipzig Mission on con- their best· yellow robes. The girls of dition that they dismiss two of the mis- one of the grades were given the front sionaries-Messrs. Brutzer and Hoff- bench in the rooms, with ever so many man. priests behind them. Priests and young girls taking the examinations together! Three Years' Campaign in South India A change indeed!"

IN the United Church of South India Tribute to a Leper Hospital -which is the result of.a union of DR. J. P. NORRIS, of the Rocke- Presbyterian and Congregational mis- feller Foundation, recently visited sions (European and American), under the leper asylum conducted by Dr. Cart a constitution which preserves the best at Chieng Mai, Siam, and wrote in the of both polities-a remarkable movement

FROM MANY LANDS 95

visitors' book: "I am very glad to have ways this union of bodies of diverse creed been able to visit this institution, which and dissimilar administrative methods is is a monument of truly religious ser- one of the most remarkable on the for- vice. The institution is much more than eign mission field. an asylum, an excellent hospital, well planned and built, under skilled and kind By the Canadian Church there will medical direction, affording treatment on be sent a professor to join the faculty modern lines to. those afflicted with lep- of each of the three colleges of the uni- rosy; Many of the cases are responding versity-arts, medical and theological. satisfactorily to treatment, and in some Grinnell College, Iowa, is the original cases their condition warrants the belief source of the contribution which the that they will be cured. I t is to be American Board is preparing to make hoped that the hospital will be largely toward the university, though the Board, subsidized so that its usefulness may be as already stated in the REVIEW, has increased and the segregation of lepers agreed to give from its own funds an in Siam will be extended, and as a con- amount equal to the gifts of Grinnell's sequence leprosy be eradicated from the students, faculty and alumni, whose goal country within a reasonable time." is $50,000 for endowment.

CHINA Negotiations are proceeding with still other boards looking toward enlarging New Railways for China the union for the benefit of Chinese young men who are connected with A ST. PAUL engineer is on his way churches not now represented in the in- to China to survey 1,100 miles of stitution. railroad in regions as yet untouched by rail enterprise. He will also superintend A Notable Convert the construction and operation of the railway. The railway complete will H aN. WEN PEl SHAN, Commiscost about $50,000,000 and will increase sioner of' Foreign Affairs in the the republic's total rail mileage by fifty Province of Chekiang, is a native of per cent. For the first time the Chinese Tientsin, who had become a wreck, both have put the construction on a contract morally and physically, when he was led basis, limiting the total cost of work to Christ and received into the Christian undertaken. This is expected to do away Church by baptism. Even his physical with the graft notorious in many Chinese features show a wonderful change. Not undertakings. The lines to be built have satisfied with being saved himself, he is not yet been decided on, and probably a trying to win the other members of his year will elapse before actual construc- family and his friends. He has started tion is begun. The railway is expected a Bible study circle for young lawyers, to be one of the most modern and effi- which is regularly attended and well cient in the world. conducted.

Five Boards United in Shantung In an article he contributed to the second issue of the China Church Year WITH the almost simultaneous de- Book, 1915, Mr. Wen writes: "Let it cision of the Canadian Presbyterian be publicly known that I have been the chief of all sinners. Though at times I Church and the American Board to join wished to make a change for the better the missions which are united in Shan- and feared the inevitable consequence of tung Christian University at Tsinan, sin, I was utterly unable to do so. To China, a great forward step has been reform a life of sin such as mine has taken. For a number of years the been, needed a power that must be Church of England has been a member superhuman. Such a power, I now deof the federation, which was formed a clare, can only be given by the Lord dozen years ago by American Presby- Jesus Christ. Knowledge cannot do it. terians and English Baptists. In many Our three religions cannot do it."

The BIble in China of dried sweet potato leaves or turnip leaves, or even thistles. I N the China Mission Year Book, Dr. Bondfield states that at a rough esti- Despite these conditions, the Christians mate the various Chinese versions of the among these Chinese are giving their Bible represent the continuous work of tithes, and are even planning for new one man for 242 years, supposing he did churches. But a great majority of this nothing else. Over one hundred Euro- district is untouched. There are villages peans and Americans have given the best in the mountains where the people have years of their lives to the task. At a never seen a foreigner and have never low estimate $275,000.00 has been ex- heard of the "Jesus Doctrine." Thev pended on the translation and revision are remarkably ready to listen. They of the Scriptures into Wenli, Easy take the missionary into their family Wenli and Mandarin. If the Chinese temples, ordinarily sacred, and let him vernacular versions be added, the num- preach and live in these. One of these ber of years spent by one man would temples is to become a mission school. be approximately 363; the number of missionaries engaged 150, and the total JAPAN-CHOSEN expenditure $400,000.00. Dr. Bond- field's brief note concludes with the A Distinguished Japanese in Alneriea words: "And it was worth while." BARON SAKATANI, former mayor A Bible Class in Tientsin of Tokyo, and one of Japan's most W ORD occasionally comes from prominent business men, recently held a China that shows how Mr. Sher- conference with officials of the World's wood Eddy's evangelistic work is bear- Sunday School Association. He is one ing fruit. Here is one case in point. of the committee which is promoting the A man who was impressed at the Tien- Tokyo Convention, toward the arrange- tsin meetings opened a Bible class in ments for which eminent Japanese are his own house, calling in a Chinese making substantial contributions because Christian to lead it. It began with five of their vision of the great service which members, but gradually the neighbors this convention will render to religious were interested, books were purchased, progress and in the development of per- a circulating library started and a large sonal character. When he was in Phila- bright room was fitted up for the meet- delphia he visited Mr. Wanamaker's ings. More than eighty names are now Sunday school, where the mayor pre- on the Bible class roll and the average sented Baron Sakatani with the Ameri- attendance is forty; seven persons have can flag and the flag of the city of Phila- been baptized, besides the whole house- delphia. In return the baron presented hold of the originator of the movement, the flag of Japan. In the course of his and a women's class of about thirty has address before the school, the baron said _been started. he believed that the great war now rag- ing in Europe was caused by civilization Fan.ine ill Cllinn putting too much weight llpon the mate- rial side and forgetting the spiritual. FAMINE conditions in some districts "Japan has been making this mistake for of China, according to Dr. Charles the past sixty years," said the baron, "but now leading Japanese are feeling E. Scott, of Tsingtau, are worse than the necessity of emphasizing the spiritual in Belgium or Poland. Three years out side." He expressed his opinion that the of the last four have been famine years Sunday school was the best means of near Tsingtau, and the stopping of for- filling up this gap and leading the people eign businesses, added to the ruining of to see the importance of moral training. many Chinese firms because of war con- "The thing which impresses me most ditions, has created a fearful condition. about the Sunday school work in Amer- Millions of people are driven to eat the ica," said the baron, "is that so many tender leaves of trees, the last portions successful business men are giving so

FROM MANY LANDS

much of their time and energy to the supposed to be a talk on loyalty, but building up of the Sunday school and so there was no religion in it. They then many workers are giving free service. asked me to speak, and I told them of This safeguards the future of America." the largeness of the Sunday school work in America and of the importance of aThe Women'" College in Tokyo following up through the week what NE of the significant developments they learned there on Sunday. They in missionary policy in recent years have this school only twice a month.- has been the establishment of the union H. E. COLEMAN, World's Sunday School colleges for women in Madras, in Pe- Association Field Secretary. king and in Nanking. It is not a simple matter for boards already overburdened Plans for a University in Cl10sen with financial needs of existing institutions to start out with faith to establish T HE late Dr. Underwood was deeply these higher institutions for women. Yet interested in the movement among it is the value of the work that these the Protestant churches conducting misboards have already done that makes sionary work in Korea to establish a such institutions necessary. The great Christian university in Seoul. A prochain of girls' schools under missionary moting committee has adopted a tentaauspices around the world now demands tive constitution and prepared financial the next step, the women's college. estimates which will be submitted to the missions and boal ds cooperating in the A board has been appointed to take work. The need for such an institution up the matter of the new college for is emphasized by the fact that the inthe women of Japan. For many rea- tellectual atmosphere of the Imperial sons it has been difficult to secure con- University is largely rationalistic and certed action, but it is believed a plan even atheistic in character. is now under way which will result in the opening of such a college in 1917. The past year has been one of unusual I t must be established on the highest progress in all lines of Christian activity possible basis, if it is to appeal to the in Korea. The total number of addi- Government of Japan and is to supply tions to all Protestant churches last year a higher grade of instruction than can on profession of faith was 9,019. The now be furnished by government schools. total number of communicants in all the Special prayer is needed at this time.- Protestant churches is now 110,000. Federation Bulletin. To Prevent "Cooling Oft" A. Buddhist Sunday School A T a helpers' meeting in the Presby- TWO weeks ago I visited a Buddhist terian mission church in Andong, Korea, a couple of years ago, it was Sunday school in Tsukiji and found remarked that there was a noticeable them teaching the children, sentence by "cooling off" of the church's zeal for sentence, some of the old Buddhist scrip- preaching, and after much discussion it tures, of which I do not think they un- was decided to make a report each Sunderstood much. They had two songs, day on three separate items: the number and these were poorly practiced. There of people preached to, the number of were about 250 children in a large room Scriptures or Gospel portions sold to unand they were kept there for two hours, believers, – and the number of new bewith five or ten minutes' intermission. lievers. The man who gave the first talk to the children spoke for forty-five minutes, In order that these reports might not giving them an historical talk about the be "padded," the only people counted Russo-Japanese war and the bravery of when the helper preached to a crowd were a few of the soldiers of that war. The those who appeared to be actually listen- children were good, but, of course, did ing, If only two were listening out of not pay very close attention. This was a group of fifty, two would be the num- ber preached to. In the same manner,

when books or Scripture portions were but I am with you in this great thought given out, only those were counted which of living for others. This little poem is were sold. Books given away were not wonderfully true and it is the best thing reported, and no one was numbered as I have seen in my life."

a new believer until he had attended church a month or six weeks and en- Refugee.. at Port Said I tered his name on the church roll. The result of this method has been a T is over a year since there ar- steady increase. The new believers have rived in Port Said the 4,000 Armenian remained about 300 for each year since refugees. The problem of providing the system went into effect, but the hear- shelter and a limited supply of food for ers have increased from 150,000 to 260,- this great company of people has been 000, and the books sold from 10,000 to handled by the British government, but 12,000. Special banners are awarded the American Committee in Cairo, of the churches making the best record in which Rev. Stephen Trowbridge is sec- each helper's circuit, and the winning retary, has had to attend to many other church tries to hold the banner the sec- wants of the refugees. Among these ond year. have been the questions of employment and spiritual guidance. Among the peo- AFRICA ple various trades are found, such as carpenters, masons, comb makers, silk- Dr. Zwemer and the Magistrate worm cultivators, and good weavers, but WHEN Dr. Zwemer visited Deir few are skilled except in such crafts as Mowas, Egypt, on a preaching trip, weaving and comb making. About two- thirds of the refugees, either because of he met a police magistrate, an educated their age or poor health or duties in the Moslem of marked liberality, who had home, are unable to work. But to keep become interested in a Christian orphan- 600 able-bodied men from eating the age in Assiut. He had translated on bread of idleness continues to be a knotty his own initiative an English book on question. At different periods some of the care of children, which he hoped to the men have been employed in various publish at the Nile Mission Press. This services for the British army. During Moslem police magistrate took Dr. one month alone 5.400 combs were made Zwemer to his own home to show him, by hand, and this with the weaving has as a great curiosity, a little book which kept many busy, although there have had in it the flags of all the world artd been serious labor difficulties. "certain figures relating to the Sunday schools in all the countries of the world." A Sunday school has been organized Going to his safe, with great ceremony for the four Protestant congregations, he unlocked the door and took out a and there is a prospect that the Gre- much used copy of the booklet published gorians will also commence a Sunday at the World's Sunday School Conven- school. Every family in which there is tion in Zurich, "The Strength of the a member who knows how to read now World's Sunday School Army." Some- has a copy of the New Testament or one in Assiut who had shown it to the of the Bible, provided by the British and police magistrate had finally given it to Foreign Bible Society. The people are him at his urgent request. He was deeply attached to Pastor Andreasi;m, greatly pleased to learn that Dr. Zwemer and his preaching services have been himself was one of the speakers at the crowded. Three large tents provided by Zurich Convention and alreadv knew the the British authorities have been thrown booklet. – into one, and some of the Gregorians, Then he took out of his pocketbook a as well as the Protestant congregations, leaf torn from the beginning of the flag have attended the services. A consider- book, bearing the poem "Others." able number, especially among the young "This," he said, "is my religion. I am people, have decided for Christ, and new a Moslem and shall continue a Moslelll, life has come into the hearts of the people.

FROM MANY LANDS

Church Life in Nigeria agreed that any person shall be bought or sold, or placed in servitude, or be MRS. J. CRAVEN WILSON, who transferred either as a pledge or security for debt, or in any other way," shall be with her husband is engaged in absolutely illegal; and that no claim for missionary work under the C. M. S., compensation from Government to persends an encouraging account of the de- sons claiming to be owners shall be recvelopment of the native church: ognized in respect of slaves who may acquire their freedom by virtue of the "The Ibo Christians have nobly risen ordinance. to the necessity for self-support, and last half year returned all the C. M. S. Changes AIllODg the Kaffirs grant for native workers. The church in the Niger Mission is being trained to NEARLY twenty years ago, Rev. govern itself. Provisional church coun- Walter Searle, then a minister in cils have been formed in each district, with the superintendent as chairman, and Capetown, believed that he heard God's the people are responding to this added voice to go and pioneer among unevanprivilege. Each congregation has its gelized heathen. After a brief term of own parochial committee, and women service in Natal, he and his wife went communicants take their part, showing among the Kaffirs. He says of their wonderful sense and power. Each cate- work: chist is responsible for his own church and for Sunday services, daily prayers, "We found in this wild district and four classes a week for inquirers, neither church nor manse, Christian nor catechumens, confirmees and communi- scholar. We dwelt in huts, and transcants. When necessary these leaders formed an old trading store into church read the Burial Service, which nearly all and school. This has now multiplied Christians attend. The catechists have into eight churches, where children are great influence and need our prayers that taught the Word and the Gospel is their spiritual life may be a bright ex- preached, and many converts have been ample to their congregations. gathered. A marvelous revival, marked by protracted meetings, overwhelming "Twice a year all the schoolmasters convictions, transporting joy and transand pupil teachers go out in bands for formed lives, was given four years ago; a ten days' preaching tour among the and, commencing at the station of my heathen. When possible, the superin- son, who went forth to labor with us tendent joins the bands. In some places at the beginning, extended to Lutubene, the educated girls hold Sunday schools where, away from all civilization, we for women. Every fourth Sunday the have labored for seventeen years. Christians at all the churches go out with their catechists for open-air preaching." "The South African General Mission has had a rapid progress from Cape Sla~~ery Ended in Nigeria Town to the borders of the Belgian Congo, extending through Pondoland, MOST people have not realized that Tembuland, Bomvanaland, Natal, Zulu- slavery existed anywhere under the land, Tongaland, and N yassaland be- yond the River Zambesi, and is now British flag today, so it is a surprise to planting new mission stations in Northhear that an ordinance declaring the west Rhodesia and Portugal West, where abolition of the legal status of slavery we have a thousand miles of unevangelin Nigeria has been promulgated-a ized territory to win for Christ." document which Bishop Tugwell describes as of "supreme importance." The The Lord's Supper in IJuanza bill enacts that "all persons heretofore or hereafter born in or brought within A LETTER from Dan Crawford the Southern Provinces, and all persons describes a tour through the difborn in or brought within the Northern ferent stations of his mission, in company Provinces after :March 31, 1901," are with Mr. Haste, the director. He declared to be free persons; that "every speaks especially of the plan to build contract in which it is stipulated or

thirteen new schools where the Bible work in Zululand. In Kimberly mine will be taught, and says: "We spent a work has again begun, but the workers great day out in the suburbs picking out of the Berlin Mission were not allowed likely spots for these buildings." H~ to visit the compounds. The Moravian continues: Mission in Kaffir-land is able to con- tinue its work and has very blessed re- "Picture our gathering to keep the sults.-Evangelisches Missions M agazin. Supper of our Lord with a group of Africans who can quote their New Testament with the clear, crisp touch ISLANDS OF THE PAcn'IC that tells you how the truth holds them America Retain.. the PhlIippines as much as they hold it. It was a THE Phil~ppine bill adopted. by Con- 'blood and bones' spot where the Table gress at Its recent sessIOn IS a new was spread-I mean, an old African Golgotha, the scene of rivers of blood shed fundamental charter of government for by the tyranny of man. Yes, there it the Philippine Islands. A few years ago was we commemorated that other and the United States Congress gave the greater Golgotha, and one of our num- Filipinos an elective Assembly as the ber was a leper, a poor leper, yet she popular branch of a local legislature. has the undying torch ablaze in her eyes! The new law provides for a Senate to To avoid contamination, there was one be elected by popular vote. Under the little touch of realism-I mean, that be- former law the number of voters in the side the one common cup of communion, Philippines has been about 200,000. The there was another tell-tale cup reserved new law so extends the franchise as to for this stricken old woman. And as increase this number to about 800,000. she drank out of her separate one as we The Philippine Commission, whose memout of our one-for-many cup there, then bers are appointed by the President of it was you saw how fitly symbolic it all the United States, becomes a thing of was. For oh! yes, she with her loath- the past under the new law. There will some leprosy had a cup to drink that we remain, however, a Governor-General knew not of, a bitter draught to be and a Vice-Governor, appointed by the drunk by her alone." President. The measure adopted con- tains the preamble, which declares it to Gerlnan MhudoJlIS in Africa be the purpose of the American people to withdraw from the Philippines when THE North German Mission has re- the people of the archipelago are able to ceived word from its station in Keta, conduct their government alone. No Gold Coast, that the British government time is, however, specified.

officials had made prisoners of the mis- sionaries. The ladies of the mission Women in South Sea Heathenism were allowed to return to Germany, THE heathen Tanna women, of the while Rev. Mr. Freyburger is now a New Hebrides Islands, are haggard prisoner with several members of the and drawn in face, with disheveled hair Basel Mission in Alexandra Palace, and dirty bodies. They stand lower in London. popular estimation than pigs. Before the Concerning th~ confiscation of the mission came, their only prospect in life schools of the Berlin Mission in Trans- was unmitigated servitude. To escape vaal and the closing of the seminary in this, death by suicide was a common oc- Botschabelo by the English Government, currence. The method used was to climb no direct news has been received. All a tall cocoanut tree, blindfold the eyes that is known is that the schools have and cast themselves down to be dashed been taken from the German missions to pieces.

and that the missionaries are not allowed On the island of Aneityum, the custom to give instruction in them. The schools of widow strangling was common, and are now under the control of the Com- it was with much difficulty that the mis- missary for natives. Tl.e Hermansburg sionaries persuaded the natives to aban- Mission is still allowed to continue its don it.

MHSSJrONAJRY U1mlRARY

OUR EASTERN QUESTION. America's supersede Japan as leader in the Orient. Cantact with the Orient and the Trend of Relatians with China and Turning another way, China may be japan. Thamas F. Millard. Illus., maps, 543 pp. New York: The Cen- made to transfuse her latent strength tury Company. $3. 1916. and wealth into the veins of Japan and This full volume is a jaurnalistic record and judgment of Far Eastern make Japan the most powerful empire in affairs as he saw them during the Revolution and down almost to the present. the world." There should be a sound Yet Mr. Millard is nO' ordinary jaurnalist, as he has been for five years the moral basis for an international formula editor af The China Press of Shanghai, and before that was correspondent for in China. That basis is equity and jus- American periodicals. Like his other books, this volume is a defense of China tice. The Hay Doctrine is its formula. as against japan's encroachments and as oppased to America's highest interests, That doctrine needs to be enfarced. and it supplies an incentive for a watchf.ul, positive policy an the part af Ameri- This should be done by a consortium, cans. Half af the chapters deal with japan's attitude and aggressions, fallaw- America leading. Such is the gist of his ing three devated to' an accaunt of the Revalutian and reconstructian af China. conclusions. His three maps are very Thase discussing Japan's relation to Great Britain and the United States and suggestive of American possibilities and her world palicy are especially warth reading. Mr. Millard sees real perils to negligence. B. the United States; and preparedness is written large not anly in Chapter XVIII, THE ZULU YESTERDAY AND To-DAY: but elsewhere as well. It may be alleged Twenty-nine Years in South Africa. that the author is an alarmist and that Gertrude R. Hance. Illus. 274 pp. he sees things wrong side up, just as he N ew York, London, Edinburgh: has printed President Yuan's Chinese Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.25. 1916. autograph on the frontispiece upside down; but if the reader will carefully A conscientiously faithful record of study Appendixes A to Z, he will see missionary work done during the last that there is a documentary basis under- three decades of the nineteenth century lying his interpretations. in Natal. Miss Hance did not wish to go to Africa at the outset, but her While Dr. Gulick and his addresses years of intimate acquaintance with the and baoks are desirable for showing negro there made her an ardent admirer Americans the Japanese side of the shield, of him, even in his unregenerate days. there is undoubtedly another aspect af It abounds in incident-indeed, there is the Far Eastern Question, and of this little else beyond concrete cases and ex- Mr. Millard is a protagonistic agitator. periences-but the narrative never leaves He believes that "the China question is the common levels. For one who deto japan the most important issue in the sires to know just what missionary life world. By the fate of China, the fate is in its monotonous iterations, this volof japan as a world power will be de- ume is precisely the thing. Like Dr. cided. Turning one way, China by her Nassau's "My Ogowe," Miss Hance has bulk and greater resources in time may made the reader see the real African in his heights and in some of his depths; . and she has also made clear what changes the gospel works in individuals. The various agencies in use in South Africa, from the simplest work in the kraals to the crowning accomplishments of lnanda, Amanzimtote and Wellington's Hugue- not College, are likewise faithfully de- scribed, though always from the view- point of personal experience or obser- vation.

Miss Hance might have made her book more valuable had she done some

generalizing and drawn upon a wider thing important in the Revolution itself. Attempts at social reform, particularly range of knowledge of the Zulu than through its "Evil to Good" institutions for women, according to Chinese testishe has employed. It was in just such mony, come from the Revolution. Pe- king's municipal prison, with its workfields that Evans saw in Zulu kraals and shops, etc., the Boys' Industrial Home and the poorhouse, were other institutribal government such stirring scenes as tions begotten of the new order. Chi- nese radicalism is described as seen or make his volume, "Black and White in heard in a rickshaw orator's talk and as continued in the highest councils of the Southeast Africa," so notable; and Dud- nation, of the Kuo Ming Tang party.

ley Kidd drew much of his fascinating Yuan Shih-Kai's various transforma- tions from President to Emperor are volumes on the Kaffir from this general chronicled, including Dr. Goodnow's advice aiding in the monarchical decision. territory. Fidelity to actual personal Then follow many pages of argument anent this decision which has no value missionary experiences is less desirable in the restoration of today. China's improved financial status, Japan's threatfor the reader than a broader horizon ening hegemony, arguments for Japan and against her case, a roseate future for with less of dim color. B. China-provided Occidental Powers re- strain Japan and if abundant railroad PRESENT-DAY CHINA: A Narrative of mileage is possible-bring the padded a Nation's Advance. Gardner L. volume to a close with the smack of a Harding. Illus. x, 250 pp. New railroad promoter as its climax. B. York: Century Company. $1. 1916. THE LIFE AND WORK OF WILLIAM This is an enthusiastic visitor's book ALBERT MANSELL, Missionary. Rev. on the temper and mind of the Chinese Lewis A. Core. Illus. xiii, map, 201 which in his estimation produced the pp. Madras: Methodist Publishing Revolution. Though unable to get his House, 1914. information through the Chinese language, he had a few English-speaking A strong life for India spanned the Chinese and a number of good friends years lying between 1864 and 1913. among missionaries and others who sup- Mansell was born of missionary parents plied him with information which was in North India and spent his boyhood true to the facts in the case. His en- in sight of the Himalayas, where he thusiasm for Young China has not pre- learned the vernacular with his mother vented his holding a deep respect for tongue-a great asset in his later work. the old regime. At the "mourners' bench" at ten, he resolved to spend his life for India. Woman's part in the Revolution be- Later at Ohio Wesleyan, when he comgan with extravagances like the Amazons pletely surrendered himself to God, he and "Dare to Dies" of IgII and Ig12, turned his back to the temptation to but later developed into such substantial become a professor of philosophy, taught help as carne from Dr. Mary Chang and school and secured after that the trainher nurses, she a mission-trained and ing that Boston University School of trustful Christian. Sophia Chang de- Theology so fully gives. His work in rived her political ideas from a radically India began in 188g and continued until different source, Russian revolutionary in his death. character, and was one of the conspirators of Sun Yat Sen's party. Miss Tang The volume is valuable largely bewas president of the Peking Chinese cause of its detailed statements concern- Suffragette Society and was also a lit- ing this work, especially that done in erary propagator of these ideas, and even dared to demand the vote of the early Nanking legislature. Dr. Yamei Kin did her part through medical work and her propaganda in the United States. The Y. W. C. A. likewise does its part in training women for office work, while Shanghai factories are calling girls and women into the industrial field. While all this is true, the author does not show that it is woman's contribution to any-

MISSIONARY LIBRARY

Bareilly Theological Seminary. His China, India, Japan, Persia, Palestine broad culture and power as a preacher, and Northwest Canada. Some valuable his happy way of living with his Indian hints are also given in the account of brethren, work for young people, his Missions at the Home Base. inner circle of friends whom he so enjoyed and blessed, his religious life which THE TRAIL TO THE HEARTS OF MEN. deeply impressed his friends, are other By Abe Cory. Illustrated 12mo. topics which no one could so well chron- 332 pp. Net $1.35. New York: icle as his classmate and fellow worker. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1916. One of Methodism's mighties passed when death called him to a rich reward. In the form of a somewhat melodra- matic novel, Mr. Cory gives a picture of B. the sacrifices and trials, the ideals and successes of missionary life in China. THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH MIs- The hero is brave and noble, and the SIONARY SOCIETY. By Eugene Stock, heroine charming, though wilful. There D.C.L. Volume IV. 8vo. 665 pp. is a villain and a scandal; also a stub- 7S. 6d. Church Missionary Society, born and wealthy father. There are London. 1916. rescues and renunciations, hairbreadth escapes and patients nursed back to life. Dr. Stock, formerly the efficient secre- With all there is a wholesome love story tary of the greatest missionary organiza- and a good picture of missionary life. tion in Great Britain, has rendered a valuable service in this supplementary The novel is one well calculated to volume to his monumental work. He awaken sympathy with missionaries and not only completes the history of the their work. The interest is sustained to Society to the year 1915, but includes the end and the missionary purpose of much valuable extra missionary informa- the story is not too pointedly emphasized. tion. For example, he outlines the de- Young people will be especially intervelopment of Africa as to the political ested and stimulated to noble ideals and division, the liquor traffic, slavery and strength of purpose. other evils. He describes the founding of Gordon College at Khartum and Toys AND THINGS. By Herbert Booth. shows both the British Government's and 12mo. $1 net. George H. Doran, the missionaries' viewpoint on the ques- New York, 1916. tion of religious instruction. Dr. Stock points out that Christian missionaries do These are unique and apt suggestions not ask for interference with the religion for talks to children, but Mr. Booth of Moslems, but they do ask, "Why points the moral too repeatedly and at should the British Government forbid too great length. Dolls, kites, tops, Christians to offer the greatest of all trains, baIls, sleds, etc., are used advanblessings to Moslem subjects, and why tageously in winning the children's inshould the Government favor Islam as terest, but many of the lesons attached against Christianity?" The Koran is are beyond the child's comprehension regularly studied and the Bible is ex- and experience or are otherwise inapprocluded. priate.. For example, the kite is raised by the wind, which to Mr. Booth repre- This history is also valuable for its sents adversity, but to most thinkers illuminating references to other mission- would represent power. Speakers to ary literature and for its many personal little folks can adapt these thoughts and references to missionary workers. illustrated sermonettes to the best advan- tage by taking the objects suggested and The marginal index is of great assist- drawing different lessons from them. ance in finding the pages where various The toys are here drawn from the chilsubjects are treated. The four volumes dren's realm, but many of the lessons of history are of permanent value not only are not. They are, however, capable of to those interested in British missions, such application. but to all who would follow the development of Christianity in Africa, JAPAN: THE NEW WORLD-POWER. Christian missionary work and the higher life and thought of the Japanese By Robert P. Porter. Illustrated. and Korean peoples are almost wholly 8vo. xxiv-789 pp. $2.50 net. Ox- ignored. The voluminous index does ford University Press, London and not list missions at all, and the only New York, 1916. reference made to the missionary enter- prise is a very brief one on pages 42-45, The first edition of this work ap- and that, save for a flippant sentence or peared in 191 I under the title, "The two, relates to the Roman Catholic effort Full Recognition of Japan." The pres- in a former century. And yet the mod- ent revised edition brings the material ern missionary enterprise in Japan and down to date and adds an introductory Korea is one of the most conspicuous survey dealing with Japan's share in the and outstanding features of the present great European war. The book is a re- situation and has been repeatedly recog- markably full and able presentation of nized by the most eminent Japanese facts on the material side of Japan's statesmen as enormously influential. progress and present condition as a That it is possible to make such a study world power. It is particularly rich of Japan and Korea as Mr. Porter has in information as to the transition done without taking missions into con- from old to new Japan, the work of re- sideration reminds one again of the faconstruction, the population, occupations, mous words of Lecky in his "History education, agriculture, the army and of European Morals": "No more did navy, forestry, railways, public works, the statesmen and the philosophers of constitution and laws, trade and com- Rome understand the character and merce, labor and wages, changes in issues of that greatest movement of all Korea and Manchuria, and similar top- history, of which their literature takes ics. The author has done his work with so little notice. That the greatest recare, and when he limits himself to re- ligious change in the history of mankind porting the facts which he has labori- should have taken place under the eyes ously gathered, he impresses us as entirely of a brilliant galaxy of philosophers and reliable. When, however, he ventures historians, and that they should have into the realm of opinion, he makes some treated as simply contemptible an agency strange blunders and shows that he is which all men must now admit to have not above prejudice. For example, it is been, for good or evil, the most powerful almost grotesque to find him referring, moral lever that has ever been applied on page 605, to the Koreans as "sea- to the affairs of men, are facts well thieves" and "semi-pirates," whose con- worthy of meditation in every period of version into peaceful citizens "requires religious transition." as much skill and firmness as to domesticate savages." He adds: "Gentle Taking Mr. Porter's book as a whole, methods, kindness, and diplomacy have its point of view is that of a consular been tried in both instances (Korea and report or a report to a board of trade Formosa), only to be requited by assas- rather than an addition to the literature sination, violence and brutality. Then on Japan. As a report it has large value what the Japanese ingenuously call a in that it presents so many material 'stronger pressure' has been brought to facts, with maps, charts and statistics in bear, and it would be folly to deny that abundance. Thick paper, wide margins hard blows have been dealt alike to and large type have made the volume those who would despoil and assassinate. too bulky and heavy for comfortable But when all milder measures fail, there handling. Nevertheless, every student remains but one method of dealing with of modern Japan will be grateful for armed insurgents and bloodthirsty sav- the immense amount of hard work which ages, and that is to shoot them." A the author has done in collating his facts, writer who does not have a more just even though one may regret that he did comprehension of Korean character and not make the scope of his volume more Japanese policy than such words indi- comprehensive. cate needs to be read with caution.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1916

DAVID

MISSIONA~Y FIg:rS 1. Newspaper advertisements of Christian literature have led to correspond- ence, and, later to visits from colporteurs, which are proving an effec- tive means of making the Gospel known in Japan. (See page 649.) 2. Some Armenian Christians are taking the "revenge of love" on the Turks by dedicating their lives to efforts to lead their enemies to Christ. (See page 667.) 3. Chapel cars are proving an effective means for taking the Gospel to un- churched communities in western America. The number of these "churches on wheels" is being increased. (See page 677.) 4. Does China need Christ? A Chinese 'oman, near Amoy, told a mission- ary that she had killed five of her own girl babies, and she and others said that they had never known it was wrong until the missionary came. (See page 676.) 5. Assiut College for fifty years has been one of the greatest Christian forces in Egypt. Six hundred students are now enrolled. (See page 663.) 6. The greatest of all Chinese discoveries within the last twenty years is the New Chinese ';Voman. (See page 691.) 7. The Minister of Education in Japan recently urged the need of purifying their priesthoods upon the official representatives of the Buddhist and Shinto religions, to strengthen the moral life of the people. (See page 685.) 8. The Christian character of the management is a recognized factor in the high standard maintained by the output of a certain silk factory in Japan. (See page 703.) 9. A candidate for church membership is seldom accepted in Korea if the applicant has not also brought an unbelieving husband or wife to Christ also. (See page 704.) 10. Five thousand copies of the New Testament have recently been given away by a Chinese who takes pains to state that he is not a church member. (See page 706.) 11. The Morning Star, the sailing vessel used by the London Missionary Society for so many years on Lake Tanganyika, has been destroyed by German soldiers. (See page 712.) 12. The history of Egypt, accepted by the Ministry of Education for use in the government schools was written by a native Christian woman. (See page 71 I.) One of the builders of the Christian Church in Japan, and a promoter of Christian unity (see page 655} MISSIN RY E IE . OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXIX. No.9 SEPTEMBER, 1916 Vol. XXIX. No.9 Old Series New Series FEDERATED WORK IN JAPAN * Christian Movement (a year book ONCE a year, usually in January, of missions in Japan), and the Japan Evangelist, a monthly magazine de- the Conference of Federated voted to missions in Japan. Various Missions holds a session in Tokyo. committees also bring in annual re- It is probably the most compre- ports on important aspects of the hensive federation of Christian forces missionary situation. Such committees on any mission field. With but few represent subjects relating to relief exceptions, the Protestant Mission- work, industrial welfare, education, ary bodies working in Japan are rep- Bible study, Sunday-school work, staresented in the Federation. The tistics, and temperance. Five members total membership is fifty-one. The of the World Conference Continuation session continues for two days, and Committee of Japan are elected by the matter brought before the con- this conference. ference, for the most part, consists of discussions and reports of com- One matter of outstanding intermittees. est, occupying the attention of the last conference,· was the proposed Among the enterprises undertaken Christian University for Japan. The by the missions in cooperation and plan for founding a university under under the auspices of the Federation, the auspices of Christian missions are the Japanese Language School for and churches has been under discusmissionaries, the School for Foreign sion for a number of years. There Children, and the Christian Literature exists no doubt among Christians Society, and such publications as the in Japan as to the need of a uni- * From Rev. S. H. Wainwright, of Tokyo.

The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW. but do n<>t acknowledge responsibility for opini<>ns exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-'EDITORS.

versity founded on an evangelical registered, some of them having basis. Such an institution would walked 80 or roo miles carrying their crown the educational work con- food on their backs so as to save the ducted by the Christian missions dur- expense. They were a fine, keen, ining the past half a century. The terested set of men. "The life in necessity felt for such a seat of these little communities," says Rev. learning is due, in no small degree, to T. S. Soltau, "is very similar in many educational progress already achieved. ways to that of the early church as recorded in the Acts of the Apostles. The Christian community in Japan If any family is unfortunate with is convinced that in the training of their harvest their more fortunate professional men and in the task of brethren make up the lack from their scientific research and theoretical own supply. thinking, the higher and future interests of Japan can be best served The work has been difficult owing through the founding of a great seat to the great distances to be covered, of learning under Christian auspices. the severe winters when the ther- There is a consensus of opinion con- mometer drops to forty and fifty decerning these questions. The only grees below zero, the bad roads, their real obstacle to success in the promo- lack of knowledge of the Chinese tion of the movement for a univer- language, and at times the bands of sity has been a lack of funds. robbers or brigands which terrorize the country. And yet in these three KOREAN MISSIONS IN years they have organized 56 groups MANCHURIA or churches with a total of 2,780 adherents, and have started a number LARGE numbers of Koreans have of Christian schools for the educa- recently moved into Manchuria, tion of Korean children. And all this work has been carried on enwhere they have started farms. For tirely independently of any forthe last three years, three Korean eigner, save at the time of the anpastors or home missionaries, sup- nual class when one or two of the ported by the northern Presbytery of men from Kangkei have gone over to Syen Chyun, have been doing a teach. The church people, tho dessplendid work among them, preach- perately poor, are realizing their reing and organizing churches. sponsibility, and are now paying the salaries of three evangelists who as- Over 200,000 Koreans have already sist the pastors in their arduous work. settled in Manchuria, and the number is rapidly growing year by year, But the opportunity does not end as the Koreans are settling down in there, for the Korean readily learns little communities reaching from the the Chinese language, and already a Yalu River up to Kirin, in a country number of them have become memabout one-third the size of Korea. bers of the Chinese church, estab- lished by the Scotch and Irish Pres· At Chintuho, there IS now a byterian missions. And since God church of 250 adherents, and 111 has so signally used the Korean misthe entire district every Korean sionaries among their own people, had become a Christian and a regular attendant at the church services. For the week's Bible study 202 men

SIGNS OF THE

He may also do great things through Islam, practise self-denial, and do them among the Chinese at this criti- their duty." cal time in that nation's history. A desire has already been exprest on Surely this is a sign that the Gospel the part of some of the leading is taking effect. Let us thank God and Korean Christians for union with the take courage. Chinese church in Manchuria. AFTER TWO YEARS OF WAR CHINESE MOSLEMS ALARMED TIlE war has already lasted EVEN in China the Moslems are seeing signs of the breaking longer than many thought pos- sible, and neither side yet shows up of Islam. A Mohammedan con- signs of exhaustion. The cost has ference in Peking, early in this year, been immense in men and money, was composed of some three hundred but even more so in the expenditure Ahungs (Chinese Mullahs) from the of energy used to devise means of northern provinces. This meeting destruction, which energy might have was undoubtedly called because of been used to devise inventions and the effect of efforts made in various reforms for the benefit of mankind. places to reach Moslems with the Not less than two thousand mission- Gospel. The report, which was pub- aries have been recalled or deported lished, not in Arabic but in high-class from foreign fields, schools have been Wenli, gives the following view of closed, churches have been turned the situation: over to natives, many mission hos- pitals are now used only for wounded "From without, our enemies (other soldiers, and valuable mission presses societies or churches) have taken up are idle. arms against us and are continually searching for an opportunity to send The cost of the war, estimated at us harmful books. From within, from fifty to sixty millions a day, blind and 100li5h disciples have 105t has already reached the fabulous the real spirit of Islam and simply sum of thirty-five billion dollarsobserve the outward forms, and have ten times the amount spent in Chriseven suggested the changing of our tian work in Asia, Africa, Latin religion. We have noticed that America and the islands of the sea among our fellow – Mohammedans, since Christ gave to His disciples the those who understand the Lord (Mo- Great Commission. The men who hammed) and regard him as holy, have been killed and wounded are who practise self-denial, attend faith- many more in number than the total fully to worship, and study the sacred Protestant missionaries ever sent into lessons, are very few in number. non-Christian lands. The reason for all these failures is that the truth has been hid and our What are thus far some of the principles have been kept dark. Vve results of this expenditure, from a must withstand those who would hurt Christian viewpoint? us from without and awaken the sleepy and ignorant in our midst, First: The world has seen a new and cause all disciples to understand standard set in the possibilities of expenditures and of sacrifice. Never again can the plea be made that too much is asked of the servants and

stewards of God. Even in the midst only death when they are devoid of of war several missionary societies the Spirit of Christ.

in Great Britain have not only met Fifth: The effect of the war on expenses but have made up deficits. mission fields can not yet be esti- Second: Many of the nations have mated. German mission work is al- been brought to their knees to con- most at a standstill, since the men fess their sins and to ask the guid- have been called home to fight or ance and help of God. In France, have been deported from British and however, it is said that while the French possessions. The German churches were well filled in the days fields in western, southern and east- of defeat, now, in the time of victory, ern Africa have become battlefields, they are again nearly deserted. In and even Americans have found thefr England there is unusual seriousness, work hindered. In Persia, all mis- and it is said that among the soldiers sionary work in country districts has "Tipperary" is being replaced by "On- been abandoned and, in the city, those ward, Christian Soldiers." Through- who are able to continue find their out Germany there is reported an time mostly occupied in relief of the earnest spirit of prayer. If there is starving. From Turkey, many of the also developed a new attitude toward missionaries have been deported, and the word of God and the Deity of the schools and hospitals taken by the Christ, the conflict will not have been Turks for wounded soldiers. Many in vain. The Christian work among thousands of dollars' worth of mis- soldiers and prisoners of war should sion property have been destroyed.

produce abiding results. Syria and Palestine are nearly sealed Third: The sale of intoxicants- up, while famine reigns. The Mar- that liquid-demon possession – has shall Islands have been taken by the been struck a hard blow. Russia is ] apanese, and other German posses- already feeling the benefit of the sions in the Pacific are in the hands vodka prohibition, and France is of French and British. All of these blest by the destruction of the sale changes have greatly disturbed the of absinthe. When Germany gives missionary activities.

up her beer, France foregoes wine, Sixth: Travel to and from the mis- and Great Britain has courage to sion fields is now difficult and danger- prohibit alcoholic drinks, then they ous. The Government of India has may be counted as having learned a made strict regulations that turn great lesson through the war-and many back from that land, and every will be more ready for peace. traveler runs unusual risks on land Fourth: The deadliness of the and sea. Supplies are difficult to ob- struggle for mastery, without broth- tain in Africa and other outposts of erly love, has been manifested in the civilization, and no new work can German spoiliation of Belgium, the be undertaken.

Austrian devastation of Serbia, the Seventh: Whatever the result of Russian retreat in Poland, the Turk- the war-and it seems that Germany, ish massacres in Armenia, and the Austria, Bulgaria and Turkey are jehad in Persia. Efficiency and the doomed to lose that for which they selfish desire for supremacy work are fighting-whatever the terms on

OF THE

which peace is made, the indications "When the happy hour of victory are that Moslem political power is and peace shall come, if God restores broken and Turkish sovereignty will us to our churches, shall we find be no more. Then fear will be re- them still divided, disunited, exhaust- moved from those Moslems who de- ing their resources both of men and sire to confess Christ openly. Arabia money in works and organizations has thrown off the yoke of Constan- that run on parallel lines or are even tinople, and it is hoped that Armenia rivals to one another? Bleeding as will be set free. Syria and Pales- it will be from its cruel ordeal, OUr tine are in the balance, but we look dear country will need all our for a new era in missions to Moslem strength to assuage its smart; many, lands. Albania must be once more many hearts burdened with trouble free to begin a new life, and Persia, will be ready to receive at our hands under Russian and British influence, the implanted word; shall we then will doubtless offer greater facilities dissipate in barren debates the preci- for mission work and the people ous time which should be consecrated will respond more readily to the to saving the people?

Christian message. "Na ! You would not have it so!

Surely this is a time for prayer Protestants of France, brothers In and for preparation on the part of Jesus Christ, you wou'ld say, 'Let all Christians, that we may be ready to things be done unto edifying.'

seize the opportunities when they "On the eve of new battles, In come and to enter the open doors. which some amongst us may pass to It is a time for the union of Chris- heaven-before God Who hears us tian forces and for a redistribution -in the name of so many sons of of workers on the mission fields. our churches who in this war have May the Church of Christ not fail given their lives to preserve the to learn her lessons in self-sacrifice, unity of our native land – in the loyalty and Christian generalship. name of all the martyrs who through A FRENCH APPEAL FOR UNITY the centuries have died for the de- fense of the Gospel, we most sol- T HE war may bring about closer emnly entreat you, and sound to you this challenge. unity among the nations and also among the denominations. Twenty- "Protestants of France, brothers in five French chaplains at the front Jesus Christ, let us close up our have recently issued a striking docu- ranks around the one Saviour of us ment, a part of which reads as fol- all. To serve Him, to extend His lows: kingdom, let there be henceforth in France one, and only one, Evangeli- "On the field, in the camp, in the field-hospital we see our countrymen, officers and men, fight, suffer, die- cal Church." and it never occurs to us to ask Is it not time that all true Chris- them, 'To what section of the Church tians realize that they are serving one do you belong?' For them and for Lord in one cause and that greater us, at the front, 'one is our Master, unity and cooperation are essential even Christ, and all we are brethren! to success?

WORK ON THE MEXICAN BORDER services. Entertainments, athletics and concerts are part of the pro- WITH over one hundred thousand gram. American troops on the Mexi- The religious features are procan border, there is an obvious need vided for by a series of Gospel meetfor Christian work among them. Al- ings and by Bible classes. The Asready the Army and Navy depart- sociation buildings are available for ments of the International Y. M. religious services conducted by the C. A. has erected "huts" in the vari- chaplains or by visiting ministers of ous camps, has sent a hundred sec- various denominations. Every secreretaries and is furnishing games, lit- tary is expected to conduct a steady erature, writing paper, entertainments program of personal Christian work. and religious meetings for the men. They are to be big brothers to every man in the camp and to help them Army camps are always surrounded by counsel. by a class of camp followers whose influences are for evil. George A. Fresh supplies of reading matter Reeder, the secretary of the Army are always needed. PopUlar weeklies and Navy Department, who is in and monthly magazines are especharge of the border work, investi- cially liked by the men.* Funk and gated the border conditions and re- Wagnalls Company are sending 2,000 ported that the moral risks of the copies of the Literary Digest every troops are greater than the Associa- week. tion has ever faced before. Under the monotony of military camp life, in a The average cost of the Army most trying climate, the temptations branch building, including full equipto thousands of young men away from home are very great. ment, is about $2,000. One man, The outfit for an Association who has a son in the militia, has branch comprises a frame building of given that amount for the equipment simple construction, in charge of a of a branch unit. $5,000 will prosecretary and assistants. It is the vide for building and equipment, and business of the secretaries to make will pay the- running expenses of a the Association building a social branch for six months. The present headquarters for the men and a prospects are that the state troops cheer-up spot in the tiresome mo- will not remain on the border for a notony of camp life. The equipment longer period. consists of tables, chairs, benches, with free writing materials, books, Many testimonies have been given magazines, newspapers from the in praise of the efficient organization home towns of the troops, a grapho- of the Young Men's Christian Assophone with records, and generally a ciation camps on the border. Let motion picture machine. Games are spiritual power be emphasiz.ed equally provided also, such as chess, checkers with organization efficiency and the and dominoes, and a popular feature results will be permanent. of every branch is the ice-water barrel. Included always in the equip- * Relatives and friends of the troops who desire ment is a folding organ for religious to cooperate in furnishing literature should forward it in large packages, charges prepaid, addrest to the Army and Navy Department, V. M. C. A., 120 East 28th Street, New York. At New York the material is sorted and distributed to the camps on the border in accordance with their needs.

EVENTS

SEPTEMBER 2d-Anniversary of arrival of Whitman and Spaulding at Walla Walla, 1836. 3d-Anniversary of landing of Townsend Harris at Shimada, Japan, 1856. 6th to 11th-National Baptist Convention, Savannah, Georgia. 28th-Missionary Society of Evangelical Association, Williamsport, Fa. 30th-Anniversary of ordination of Robert Moffatt and John Williams, 1816.

OCTOBER 4th to 8th-Convention of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, Cleveland, Ohio. 6th-General Convention Protestant Episcopal Missionary Society, St. Louis. 13th to 18th-Foreign Christian Missionary Society, Des Moines, la. 17th, 18th and 19th-70th Annual Meeting American Missionary Association, Minneapolis, Minn. 18th-Robert Moffat sailed for Africa, 1816. 100th anniversary. 24th to 27th-Annual Meeting American Board, Toledo, Ohio. 24th-Death of Ann Judson, 1826. 90th anniversary. 26th-Birth of Christian Frederick Schwartz, 1726. 190th anniversary. 28th-Death of Madame Coillard, 1891. 25th anniversary. 31.t-Fourth Centenary of the Reformation under Martin Luther, 1516.

NOVEMBER 8th to 10th-Annual Meeting Women's Bd. of Missions, Northampton, Mass. 12th-World Temperance Sunday Observance. 17th-John Williams sailed for the South Seas, 1816. lOOth anniversary. 23d-Thanksgiving Day Services, Home Mission Sermons. 30th-Founding of the Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society, 1841.

DECEMBER 6th to 13th-Third Quadrennial Council of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, St. Louis, Mo. 19th-Birth of Adolphus Good, 1856. 60th anniversary. 23d-William Duncan sailed for Fort Simpson, British Columbia, 1856. 24th-Allen Gardiner sailed for South America, 1836. 80th anniversary. 24th-Christmas Sunday. Foreign Mission Services. 25th-Dedication of Duncan's Church at New Metlakahtla. 20th anniversary. 26th-Bishop Selwyn sailed for New Zealand, 1841. 75th anniversary. 31st-Death of Bishop Crowther, 1891. 25th anniversary.

INVOLUNTARY MISSIONARY IN

By these rural postmen the Gospel is being carried into remote hamlets and districts in Japan. They are unconsci()Usly acting as missionaries by distributing the newspapers in which the Gospel is advertised

ALBERTUS PIETERS AT HIS DESK IN OITA

Advertising the Gospel in Japan BY REV. ALBERTUS PIETERS) D.D.) OlTA) JAPAN SUCCESSFUL busi- The people of non-Christian coun- ness requires f 0 u r tries need the Gospel of Christ and things: ( I ) A real need it badly. No other need is so need; (2 ) a product widespread, so deep, and so perma- of good quality that nent as this. In every country~where meets the need; (3) missionary work has reached an ad- accessibility of this product through vanced stage, there is also a good distributing agencies; (4) knowledge supply of the article that will meet on the part of the public of their the need, and immense sums have need, of the article which is to been invested in the business. Just supply it, and of the places where it as grain or any other natural product is to be obtained. must pass through a process to fit it The rest is easy. If people want for actual consumption, so the Gospel a thing, know they want it, and of Christ must be especially prepared know where to get it, they will seek to meet the spiritual needs of any it; then salesmanship is reduced to people. The Scriptures must be the simple task of handing things . translated and printed; Christian lit- over a counter. erature must be created; men must Apply these principles to mission- be trained to preach, and the message ary work. must be interpreted in relation to the

habits, ideas, and spiritual state of is now a hotlsehold word in America, the people whom we strive to reach. discovered that thousands of people This business requires such organiza·· were suffering from coffee poisoning, tions as Bible and tract societies, or could be made to think they were, Christian literature societies, Chris- which for business purposes amounts tian schools, universities, theological to the same thing. He prepared a seminaries, etc. In Japan these en- coffee substitute which, in a harmless terprises have been established, and way, was to satisfy the craving for have reached a high state of ef- a hot drink at breakfast. He set up ficiency. a large manufacturing plant; and he The third need is that of distrib- supplied the retail grocers all over uting agencies. Here, also, we are the country. If he had done all that well supplied. All the modern con- and nothing more, he would have veniences of railway and steamship died a poor man, instead of speedily lines, telegraph and postal s.v~tem, becoming a multi-millionaire. Notice banking and other facilities for bnsi- that his problem was the same ~s ness, are at our service. The cottntry ours. There was the need, there was is dotted with mission stations and the manufactured product to meet it, churches. These are fOllnd in all and there were the distributing agen- the cities and the larger towm, even cies which made it easy of access, but in many of the smaller places. Only there was not the consciousness of the villages and the country distr~cts need, there was no knowledge that are without them. These, to be sure, such an article existed, and hence contain eight-tenths of the population, there was no demand. What did he but a majority are near enough to do to produce that consciousness of some distributing point to be easily need, that knowledge, and that de- supplied if the fourth condition of mand? He advertised.

success were only realized. If we would succeed in Japan, we Ah! there's the rub! Not one of must go and do likewise. This we the elements of the fourth demand is have been endeavoring to do for the present in any considerable degree. past three years in Oita Ken, a prov- With rare exceptions the Japanese ince containing approximately one people are unconscious of their spirit. million souls. This province prefec- ual needs. They do not know that ture is subdivided into twelve "Cun"

perfect satisfaction for those needs is or counties, and these again into to be found only in Christ, and they numerous "Mura," or townships. The do not know where and how to find capital city, Oita, has a population those who will teach them of Christ. of about thirty thousand. In Chris- Consequently there is not an active tian work this province was, three demand for the thing we are offer- years ago, one of the most back- ing. How is this consciousness of ward districts of the empire, hav- need to be awakened and the atten-, ing but one adult commmunicant tion of the public to be directed to Christian to three thousand of that which will satisfy it? the population. The proportion in How is. it done in business? Japan at large, according to the Edin- Some years ago, a man whose name burgh statistics, was one to eight hun-

THE GOSPEL IN

dred and fifty; in China, one to two tracts, including annotated selections thousand; in India, one to five hun- from the New Testament, is sent to dred and sixty, and in Africa one to the applicant, with a letter encouragthree hundred and twenty-five. ing him to read them with care. His name is also placed on the mailing In Oita a strong dislike of the Chris- list, and he is informed that he will tian religion is almost universal, as receive a certain Christian monthly this is one of the provinces in which magazine, free of charge, for six the ancient Roman Catholic move- months. After a month has elapsed,' ment has left an evil tradition. Out- another letter is sent him, with a side of the limited Christian circle. fresh package of tracts.. I f he indiintelligent knowledge of even the cates any special interest, correspondsimplest historical facts in regard to ence is continued. If he is near Christ was almost wholly lacking.

THE GOSPEL ADVERTISED IN A JAPANESE NEWSPAPER Altogether, it may fairly be said that enough, one of the evangelists is inthis was a district where there was a troduced to him; if not, a traveling distinct need of some new agency evangelist is sent to talk with him. for reaching the people with the Once a year a grand rally is held Gospel message, and at the same time to bring together as many inquirers' the conditions were comparatively un- as possible for conference. Within favorable. the past year a new association has been formed, which aims to place What were we to do to attract at- more advanced books within the tention? First, we obtained space in reach of those interested. A loan the secular press at advertising rates, library has been established, and the and printed brief articles on the es- privilege of borrowing these books is sentials of the Christian religion. An confined to members of the associainvitation is given to apply for free tion, who pay a small fee. There literature. When applications come are now more than one hundred and in they are carefully recorded on a twenty members in this association. card index, and a small package of

The next step contemplated is to become members of the Church of establish local branches so as to pro- Christ in Japan (Presbyterian and vide "nerve centers" around which Reformed), and of the Methodist, popular interest may gather, hoping Baptist, and Lutheran churches. Such that in time these may become the work may be sustained and admin- beginnings of Church organizations. istered by a denominational agency, but its results are inter-denomina- The expenses have been as follows: tional.

~5·Pg:o:o"ou~o '3 The message of the Gospel has also been very widely brought to the t~E~~f,<~,,-~, ~ ~ people of this and other districts OU through this advertising work, more widely, perhaps, than it has been 1912 (from Feb. 12th) $583.45 $656.58 $1,240,03 brought to the people of any other 1913 ……………. 847.83 729.25 1,577.08 province in Japan by all of the other 1914 ……………. 777.23 1,150.10 1,927.33 missionary agencies. It has been made accessible to at least fifty thou- Total for three years $2,208.51 $2,535.93 $4,744.44 sand people. How many of tbese have read the articles no one can tell. This includes everything except the Many do not read them at all, but it salary of the Japanese traveling is certain that hundreds of others do evangelist and his expenses, which read them, for it is proved by letters were paid from the ordinary mission and inquiries to the number of nearly funds. The total amount is about five thousand that come to this office equal to the salary and house rent of from every county and from weIl a married missionary in Japan for nigh every township in the province, the same period. as well as from neighboring districts and from remote parts of Formosa, It is difficult to estimate accurately Manchuria and Korea. the results of work of this kind. On .the one hand, there has, so far, been How far the published articles have less change in the situation than we influenced those who have not been had hoped. Attendance at church heard from is one of the things we servics has increased during the three should like to know, but in the nature years, and this increase is in some of the case can not. We can guess measure, and in certain localities, to some extent from our own experi- traceable to the effects of the adver- ence, for all of us are being influ- tising work, but not to any remark- enced, consciously and unconsciously, able extent. So far as the churches by what we read in the papers, but are concerned, the improvement up to only very rarely do we make it date has been slight, and largely to known. In all reason, therefore, to be accounted for in other ways. the hundreds who have written us that they have read the articles and On the other hand, the following have been deeply imprest by them are concrete facts: First, three thou- must be added other hundreds who sand people have applied for and re- have been equally imprest, but have ceived sufficient Christian literature not said so. We have also informato make them wise unto salvation, and their names and addresses are in the card index. There may be others of whom we have not heard. Thirty-two have since been baptized upon confession of faith, and have

tion from various sources that the Gospel can penetrate into these rethings thus brought to the attention mote places." That was a deliberate of the public have become matters of and well-founded judgment, and it discussion among groups of laborers, is still the truth, except where the in the family circle, in young men's newspaper evangelization plan is clubs, and in barber shops and other adopted. It is no longer true in Oita places where men congregate. }Cen, for at present there is .scarcely a township, and at the present rate The thing to be remembered is, of progress in a few years there will that in the vast majority of the vil- be scarcely a hamlet in the entire lage communities thus reached it is %424 . . . 1~1 '.1 •• 11.".

al…. B.~••• Guo. B1Jl V.o~l. 10.1 do••'. ..Dd boo••• FACSIMILE OF CARD IN CARD INDEX not a choice between this method and province where there is not some one some other, but this or nothing. Some who is in possession of the GosPl'!1 years ago the writer was sitting with and in touch with an evangelizing a colleague on the deck of a coast- agency. The newspaper and the mail ing steamer, and as we passed along, carrier go everywhere. They are the village after village appeared in view. only distributors of ideas that do go Presently he said to his companion: everywhere. In alliance with them "How long is it likely to be before we can reach the entire country, althese people hear the Gospel?" His tho not all the people in it. Without companion reflected a moment and them we are confined to the places then said: "These villagers will die which missionaries and evangelists in their sins and their children after can visit. them, for there is no way by which, in this generation or the next, the One or two extracts from the rough notes on the card index will

illustrate how the system works, and Have sought for comfort in various the effect produced upon favorable forms of faith. Hope to join the Eisei cases. The following is a facsimile Kwai (the reading club) at the end of of one of the cards: The numbers this month." are those of the communications received, which are numbered and filed This man was introduced to the in the order of their receipt. The nearest evangelist, who happened to man concerned, Mr. Koga, is a young be a Lutheran, many miles off. The civil engineer, living at Hiji, a small next note records a card from him: town where an evangelist, Mr. M. Otsubo, was located. Hence a letter "Mr. Mats!1moto (the evangelist) of introdnction was at once sent him, writes (December 7, 1914) that this man and it was promptly presented. After is making progress in the faith and has a course of instruction, lasting some made up his mind to be baptized." months, as indicated by the dates, he was baptized, and is now one of the ~o. 4,004. January 1, 1915. "Please most active members of the little record me as a member of the Eisei church at H ij i. The word "kyn- Kwai. Mr. Matsumoto comes here once dosha" on the card means "inquirer." a month, which is my only comfort. The "Fukuin Cepp6" is a monthly Have resolved to receive baptism in Christian publication. The "Dai- March at Hita or Kurume. Hope also to kwai" referred to at the end is the visit you in the summer vacation." annual rally in which we strive to get the people together. The final note is as follows: "N.B. A card from the Rev. Matsu- Another card gives the outlines of moto Sadokai received May 28, 1915, a pathetic case of a man brought by states that this man received baptism on great sorrow to feel the need of a Pentecost Sunday, May 23, 1915, from Savior. The notes on the card run as follows: the Rev. Dr. J. M. T. Winther."

No. 2,839. June 11, 1914. Name; Enough has been said to show th~ Kakamurza Tatsuzo. A primary school workings of this system. It is greatly teacher way back in the hills. to be desired that the Boards and churches will supply their mission- "Have read your advertisement and aries with the necessary funds to exwish to get the books." tend it to the entire empire. Two of the 1110st experienced and cautious No. 3,727. November 13, 1914. Many missionaries in Japan, Dr. Sidney L. thanks for the books sent. I am teaching Gulick and Dr. J. M. T. Winther, in this very out-of-the-way place. After have estimated that if generally em- I had been here a week my second son, ployed it would double the evangelaged three years, got sick and died. On istic efficiency of the existing mis- July 27th my oldest son, aged five, also sionary force. It could probably be died. So I have buried my two children done with an increase of 20 per here. Also, my younger sister died at cent. over present expenses. If the Hita on JUly 30th. My father died estimate is correct we could double August 25th. MyoId mother is still in the results of our work by an addimy home town. My wife and I are here tion of 20 per cent. to the cost. together-very lonely. I am reading the That would be good business. And Bible now daily. Would like a copy of the question is not: "Can we afford the full Bible, Old and New Testaments. it?" but "Can we afford not to do it?"

DAVID THOMPSON AND HIS STUDENTS IN

An Apostle of Christian Unity THE LIFE AND WORK OF DAVID THOMPSON, OF JAPAN BY REV. WILLIAM ELLIOT GRIFFIS, ITHACA, N. Y.

IFTY_TWO years of could see his face. She read more EFJ active and continuous in her German than in her English I service in the Master's Bible, but she went dutifully to the psalm-singing church, the Associate w 0 r k – this is the Reformed, with her husband, who lived to be ninety-six. A maternal record of David grandfather, Rev. Dr. Rea, founded churches, taught young men theology ~ Thompson, who died and younger folks music, all in Ohio.

111 Tokyo, Japan, October 29, 1915, He was also one of the first to preach missionary sermons and to at the age of eighty. form a society in Pittsburgh to turn faith into works. Both of David He came of sturdy ancestry, ac- Thompson's parents were earnest ad- vocates of foreign missions. So customed to toil on the frontier. Thompson, of Japan, came into the world with missionary blood in his Both his grandfathers were of Presby- veins.

terian Scotch-Irish descent, who came He was born in Harrison County, Ohio, September 21, 1835, and was to America late in the seventeenth graduated at Franklin College, Ohio (September 8, 1859), and from the century. One was a substantial fanner near Cadiz, Ohio, where he married a thrifty young German woman, who filled the home with four stalwart sons and five interest- ing daughters. The future mission- ary found great delight in his grand- mother's kitchen, because of the mauy polished copper utensils in which he

Western Theological Seminary, in Then, the samurai, or gentry, wore Pittsburgh, three years later. On the flowing crest-embroidered robes November 30, 1862, he left New and petticoats. They stood in sandals, Vork on the "Belle of the West," wore two swords in their belts, paid a clipper ship of 1,200 tons burden. no taxes or tolls, and patronized or He was met in Shanghai and en- bullied the common people. tertained by Dr. Farnham, who found a vessel on which the young mission- Yokohama was garrisoned. Around ary might sail for Japan. the settlement were guard-houses, be- cause a powerful party was deter- To land in Japan-in 1863 was like mined to overthrow the Yeddo governtaking a needle shower bath of new ment, drive foreigners out of the counimpressions. The whole Protestant try and make Japan again a hermitmissionary body, except Verbeck and age. Ensor, at Nagasaki, "lined up" to meet the lone reenforcer. Messrs. Korea was an acorn in a sealed, Brown, Hepburn, Goble and Ballagh, black bottle. As for Formosa and with their wives, were all then in the Riu Kiu (Loo Choo) it was not prime of life, or young men. To- quite certain where they belonged. day, only Ballagh, who is over eighty, survives. Fifty-two years after Dr. At home, the Civil War was raging Thompson was met by this little and American commerce was driven group, the missionary force had be- off the seas. All mail to the United come 1,359 strong. States had to be sent via England, and Americans in Japan felt almost No picture of what God allowed like men without a country. There David Thompson to achieve could was a lively prospect that this forlorn have depth or color without contrast- hope was marked for assassination. ing the conditions that he found on his arrival with those that he left at These were slight matters compared his death. Then, the Japanese all sat to the reception given to missionon mats, using their knees and heels aries by certain men of their own for chairs; now, many of them have race. Young Thompson found that modern furniture. it was not the swords of the ronin, or the malaria of the swamps, or the Then, the men shaved their heads, earthquakes, to which he must get save a trigger of hair in the center. accustomed, or need fear. The real To-day, only the wrestlers are con- foes to his work were among those servative as to topknots. who were more bent on keeping Japan a field for lust than for en- Then, the woman had four styles lightenment. Too many wanted to get of coiffure, signifying their relation rich quick and return home to retail to the matrimonial market, according anti-missionary scandal tales that had as they were unmarried, married, already done duty in India and China widowed, or ineligible. The old -some of them fishy and odorous ladies and Buddhist nuns advertised from fifty years of currency. the fact that no more suitors need apply by shaving their skulls until the Among the obstacles to Christian cuticle shone (old maids and bachelors work in Japan at that time one could were practically unknown). see the government edicts, posted along the roads of the empire, at the

A JAPANESE NICODEMUS : MURATA WAKASA NO

A Japanese of the Samurai class. The first Christian convert baptized by Dr. Guido F. Verbeck, by night to avoid creating a disturbance

bridges and ferries and in the towns. that delight the patrons of missions These prohibited the introduction of at home. His work is not like the the Christian religion, and offered mustard seed, which has become a money to informers on "the accurst great tree, but rather like the leaven sect." which has an amazingly transforming power, and which is not to be meas- Then the settled public opinion of ured by the scales or tape-line. the Japanese was anti-Christian and was buttressed by centuries of tradi- Herein is the key to his career. tion, which has left its marks even Ballagh, of another denomination, and on the language. The missionaries Thompson, early agreed that they were believed to be the disguised would avoid the reproach of division political agents of foreign govern- by organizing a Union church for ments bent on conquest, and Chris- foreigners at Yokohama. For years tianity was consid·ered a system of this congregation met in halls until, sorcery or deviltry, its agents expert on the ground made historic by and active in the black art. Perry's treaty, the present Union church edifice was erected. When Overtopping all these was a moun- the first native Christian church was tain of constant ridicule from cer- formed (in March, 1872), Thompson tain foreigners, who poured contempt was absent in Europe, acting as an on "hired converters." In the news- interpreter for a Japanese embassy. papers and in places – especially Yet his heart and soul were in the where gossip and grog passed freely movement for the formation of "The -the efforts of proselyters "to plant Church of Christ in Japan," without innumerable little hostile sects in the any P.M., Q.E. or other sectarian midst of an unwilling people" were initial qualifying its name. No hydefamed with profanity. Even to-day, phenates in Christianity for him! when young business men go to the On his return from the Occident he Far East, their friends should devoutly organized the First Church of Christ pray for them-not so much for pre- in Tokyo and, for a decade, was its servation from robbers, dangers of noble, generous, self-effacing pastor the sea, evil women or diseases, as and chief serv~nt. against the degrading gossip of the hongs and the clubs, where money, I was present in Yokohama at the cards, strong drink and slander of sessions of all the Protestant missionmissionaries are too often the main aries in convention, held in Dr. Hepsubjects of interest. burn's dispensary, in 1873, when the vital matter of organic union was It was this stream of criticism, Cliscust and threshed out. An heroic often malignant and rarely reason- attempt was made, that there should able, that God used to shape the be a Church of Christ, withQut sects special life work of David Thompson. or divisions in Japan. How earnestly Out of this stone of offense the Al- Thompson pleaded for unity in Christ mighty was pleased to chisel a noble for the sake of Japan, and that the sculpture. David Thompson's life historic differences should not be imachievements are not to be found in ported from the continents of Europe long lists of converts, in numerous and America! So much in earnest or imposing buildings, or in statistics

APOSTLE OF CHRISTIAN UNITY

was he that he was willing even to fect gentleman that any deviation or incur suspicion as to his orthodoxy. peccadillo attracted attention. For- But notwithstanding the fact that eigners were all under the Japanese both churches organized were of the microscope in those early days and, Presbyterian order, identical in dogma people to whom etiquette is apt to be and virtually so in government, the a substitute for religion, were con- Board at home ordered that this tinually scrutinizing the strange ani- Second Church of Christ should be mals that had come among them with· separated from the Church in Yoko- their outlandish ways. One morning, hama and come under a presbytery when the punctual and punctilious JAPANESE RAPID-TRANSIT WHEN DR. THOMPSO" ARRIVED IN TOKYO of its own. Then Dr. Thompson Thompson appeared in the schoolseparated himself from the mission- room with one shoelace accidentally ary Board which had sent him out left untied, some of the boys quickly and, for several years, worked in- reported the strange phenomenon to dependently. He supported himself, the directors. Forthwith, these genpart of the time by teaching in the Im- tlemen of dignity and seriousness perial University of Japan, where we called upon Dr. Verbeck, the princiwere chums. Often we talked of the pal, to inquire "whether Professor future of Christ's kingdom in Japan. Thompson was offended in any way," as they had noticed this slip in his Thompson, as a rule, was very neat dress and feared that it boded evil in his dress, and always such a per-

to them. How we forei~ners en- pastor, evangelist, or in council, these joyed the joke! traits predominated. His breadth of vision and range of scholarship en- Thompson gave himself to master abled him, by divine grace, to combine the language and was able to preach in harmony and winsome loveliness to the Japanese in a clear, rich, flow- of spirit, these apparently contradictory ing style. He was a master of traits of character. Hebrew also, and began to translate the Book of Genesis. Tho this book In fifty-two years of service he was never printed, he later rendered made only four visits home to Amerefficient service on the union version ica, and then he literally entered the of the whole Bible, completed in 1888. itineracy to plead for Japan. With- This is known to be one of the out dramatic success, the career of greatest triumphs of modern mission- David Thompson was the means of ary scholarship. Thompson served fostering the remarkable unity and for a time as interpreter to the power of the Christian Church and United States legation, and in this the foreign missionary body in Japan. way his temporal wants were so well Of this, to one unable to visit the supplied that he was able to gratify field, the annual volume "The Chrishis generous impulses in helping the tian Movement in Japan" is the best Shinsakae Church and its members. witness.

With new arrivals in the mission In the little Union Church for forfield, wiser councils and tactful ad- eigners, erected 3.t Tsukiji, in Tokyo, justment prevailed so that a complete as early as 1873, Thompson was a reconciliation was made and new moving spmt. Thus, both in Eng- Presbyterians and Reformed Church lish and in Japanese, the idea of missions also entering the field, a Christian unity was so manifest that wider union resulted, in what is now the captious criticism and often macalled "The Council of MIssions co- lignant and heartless slanders and operating with the Church of Christ misrepresentations of unsympathizing in Japan." Dr. Thompson entered into foreigners soon quieted down. It was these various union movements as a in this little church edifice, with Verfaithful servant, and was in reality beck behind a screen playing the a directing master mind, but he lived reed orgaM, that Dr. Thompson was in hope that all this was but a pre- married to Miss Mary Parks, a lude to the fuller and closer union missionary lady. For over forty of all evangelical workers, and all years Dr. Thompson had a most true believers "in the unity of the devoted helpmate, and she still surspirit." vives him with two daughters. .

Indeed, the wonderful thing in Of such men the world can know Thompson-sure proof of the abun- little, but it is a great privilege to be dant indwelling of the Holy Spirit able to tell the story of one in whom in him-lay in this: that, while to many gifts and prayers of friends at the last moment insistent on the home were hidden. We believe that union of all true believers, he was Japan is to be the Christian nation strictly conservative in his theology. that will influence all Asia for right- Whether as editor, seminary teacher, eousness rather than for war.

God-Men-Money*

BY GEORGE INNES, PHILADELPHIA Secretary of the Board of Trustees of Cairo University, Egypt s there any formula for I wanted him to have one. There was an allowance for that, and so I l aI ~ Christian stewardship? gave him one, and he pumped it If so, I have yet to nearly all day. Does not God lov~ find it. to do things like that? If my little We have, in years boy had come and said: "Father, out ~ of my money that I found in th~ past, preached or prac- house-and it is just as much mine tised the formula of the tithe, but as yours-I have bought a gun," I what is the tithe? Some say it is would not have had much satisfacten per cent.; some say twenty, some tion in it. thirty. We can quote the principle of "Whosoever he be of you that There are many things that other renounceth not all that he hath can men need that I do not. We can not be My disciple." Does this mean thank God for the fine homes that that we must dispossess ourselves and men have, because they need them hand all over to some church com- and can be trusted to use them for mittee or board? Christ never said God. Men gather there for prayer. that. In His parables He chose cer- Do you not think that God rejoices tain business men to be stewards, and in such homes almost as much as in placed certain gifts in their hands, the Temple built on the hills of saying: "You can't give this away, or Judea years ago? If I needed such hide it; you must use it." Christ did a home, would it not be better to ask not teach that men are to dispossess God for it than take it out of money themselves as far as other men are He happened to leave in my trust? concerned, but that they are to dispossess themselves as far as their Where does the tithe .come in? relation to God is concerned. If God gave me an income of thirty thousand a yearJ and I did not need If we are to pay over the tithe more than three thousand, I think to Christ and still keep it, we do not the rest naturally would go into the renounce it. "How much of my treasury of God. If, on the other money am I going to give to God, hand, you believe that you can please and how much am I to keep for God better and serve Him better by myself?" We have not any to keep using nine-tenths, then the other if we have renounced it to God. tenth should go into His treasury.

Must we then go round drest Business, a Spiritual Calling shabbily and renounce all the things that please us ? Not at alII God Stewardship has a great many apsays that He loves to give good gifts plications, as there are a great many to His children. My little boy asked individuals. We will be a long time if he could have a pump gun, and • From an address delivered at the Laymen'5 Congress of Missions in WashingtonJ D. C.

in arriving at the solution of some of secration of that business has had to these problems, unless we conceive do with its quadrupling. Why not? of business as a definite spiritual call- A missionary goes out to a field, a ing. I believe that a man can be pastor goes to a given field, and that called to go into business just as mission field, that church parish is clearly as he may be called of God cast upon the care of God. You to go as a missionary to China. When would repudiate the man as your that business is consecrated to the pastor or as a missionary if he said use of the Kingdom, he is just as it was a selfish enterprise, and he was truly called of God as tho he had not going to expect the blessing of been set aside by the laying on of God upon it. The whole thing is hands, and sent out as a missionary projected on the supposition that God of Christ. If the providences of God was going to bless and protect it. that call us into business are real, Cod meant that business should be a I have had some of the sweetest spiritual institution just as much as counsels of my life in the offices of the church. men as we have talked of the money problems of the Kingdom. It is hard 1 know that this is practical, be- work, of course, but it is worth while. cause I have seen it worked out in I have in mind a man who said: many lives. A man who now has a large business, some years ago when "You want $500,000 for this cause?" his business was rather small, con- He could easily have given the $500,- ceived it as merely a machine out of which he could extract a certain num- 000, but he said: "I have nine friends ber of dollars, a certain proportion and I want them each to have a share of which should be used to pay ex- in this," and he went out and got penses of the church. The re- It in a few days. Then he came mainder was his to spend as he saw back and asked if that was all we fit. About five years ago, in a little needed, because he had five other conference, that man saw his busi- friends who needed to give $50,000 ness relationship in a different light. each. That was infinitely better, He was first inclined to go entirely into Christian service, but, on sober finer than if he had given that $500,- thought, he r:ealized that he was not called to do that particular thing. 000 himself. He said: "I will make this business my We must trust our business to God. calling." Since then it has more than quadrupled. I believe that the con- Some men say it is a comfort to feel that their business is justified by being a calling just as truly as is the mission- ary's business. If we feel that, we must cast our business cares on Him and t1se the profits for Him.

HOW LONG SHALL I GIVE?

"Go break to the needy sweet charity's bread; I"or giving is living," the angel said. "And must I be giving again and again?" 1ly peevish and pitiless answer Tan. "Oh, no," said the angel, piercing me through, "Just give till the Master stops giving to you."

EDlJCATION-FJELD DAY, ASSIUT

A "pyramid"erected by the students before the salute given to the Governor of the Province of Assiut A Christian College in Egypt ASSIUT COLLEGE AS A FACTOR IN THE EVANGELIZATION OF ISLAM BY PRESIDENT R. S. MC CLENAHAN, AS SlUT, EGYPT ~~~IECCA is the place to- peoples of Islam, and furnish the lit- ward which the over erature of the sacred Arabic, the two hundred millions language of the Koran and of of Islam, from the heaven itself. These facts give a Philippines to Gibral- prestige to the Egyptians less con- tar, and from Russia spicuous, perhaps, than it was in an- cient times, but none the less real. to South Africa, bow five times daily Add to this the fact of the central in formal prayer. Of that great com- and strategic posltlOn of Egypt, pany, the Moslems of 'vVestern Asia which enables it to be felt among and North and Central A £rica, at those nations. least, consciously or unconsciously, look to Egypt for leadership in poli- One of the factors that contribute tics, education, and indeed religion. most to make the influence of Egypt One-fourth of the Arabic-speaking upon the neighboring peoples an up- Moslems in the world live in Egypt. lift and a blessing is Assiut College, They are the most progressive of the which is now celebrating its semi-

ASSIUT STUDENT YOL UNTEERS FOR CHRISTIAN LIFE SERVICE centennial. It is centrally located, fifty years ago, was a man of statesin the city (called in ancient times manlike vision and conception of Lycopolis), the birthplace of Ploti- what it takes to accomplish the evannus, found~r of the N eo-Platonic gelization of a nation. Both he and system of philosophy. Six hundred students come from all parts of his successor, Rev. J. R. Alexander, Egypt and from as far south as Khartum in the Sudan. After re- D.D., LL.D., who recently resigned ceiving the impress of Assiut Col- from its administration, recognized lege, they return to share in the life that if a Christian college in a nonof every community of the nation. Christian land does not produce In public and in private they con- strong, earnest leaders, first as tribute to that uplift which comes preachers of the Gospel and then as only from the ideals of Christian definitely evangelistic laymen, it fails, education and through Christian civ- whatever may be its contributions ilization, founded upon truth. While otherwise. This is an established so many Christian schools in the principle in the conduct of Assiut near East have been seriously inter- College. Out of the three hunfered with by the war, Assiut Col- dred and twenty-one graduates up lege has prospered and grown, until to the present time, one hundred and this year the attendance is larger than four have entered the gospel minisever before. try; fifty-nine are teachers in the American Mission and other schools The Rev. John Hogg, D.D., "Mas- in Egypt and the Sudan. In addition ter Builder on the Nile," who laid to these, hundreds have become evanthe foundations of Assiut College gelists and teachers, influential lead- ers in the churches and colporteurs,

A CHRISTIAN COLLEGE IN EGYPT

THE STUDENTS COM I NG TO CHAPEL AT ASSIUT COLLEGE who did not complete their studies in the visit of Dr. John R. Mott some the college. Moreover, medicine, law, twenty years ago, is a most vital faccivil se~vice, business, agriculture and tur in the college. It is popular, exother vocations call for large num- tensive and effective, both among the bers of the students for the making student body and in its outside activiof new Egypt. ties. An example of this is in their evangelizing each Sabbath morning The college enjoys the confidence some eighteen towns and villages with and respect of the British and Egyp- approximately a thousand persons in tian public, from the highest officials attendance each time. There are lIS down. It is reported that when an members in the Christian Endeavor official of the United States Govern- Society in the Preparatory Department asked Lord Kitchener two or ment, and I I4 students united with three years ago what his opinion was the church upon profession of their concerning the American Mission faith in 1914. There are seventy-two schools in Egypt, he replied earnestly, n-.embers of the Students' Volunteer "They are entirely above criticism." Union. In the present Senior class Of the 196 schools, conducted under there are thirteen students definitely the auspices of the American Mission preparing to enter the gospel ministry, in Egypt, with 15,757 pupils, there out of a class of thirty-six. are I56, with 10,539 boys and young men students, that are carried on al- A feature of Assiut College is that most entirely by young men from 90 per cent. of its teachers are earnest Assiut College. Christian men. The presence of non- Christian,disinterested or anti-Chris- The Students' Christian Union, whose present organization dates from

tian instructors is reduced to the very to be the successor bf the catechetica minimum, and only permitted when School of Alexandria of the times of "sheikhs" are required for instruction Origen, and to provide facilities for in Arabic language. the training of young men to become the leaders for an efficient evangeliza- The college has had to move its tion of the Valley of the Nile. To" quarters four times on account- of day it is national in its influence. Not having outgrown the accommodations, only has it contributed toward the and it is hoped that the present site, awakening of the Coptic Church, but occupied six years ago, is the final with a higher appreciation of the one. It forms a conspicuous land- seriousness and importance of the mark as one travels up the Nile, and THE FACULTY-THOSE WHO MAKE ASSIUT COLLEGE A FORCE TO EVANGELIZE MOSLEMS includes seven substantial buildings evangelization of the Moslems and the which are being used for the Colle- near East, it is entering upon a period giate Department. The former site is of extended and far-reaching effect. maintained for the .Preparatory De- The completion of fifty years of sucpartment. cessful operation for the spiritual and intellectual and social uplift of the Assiut College is now the only Prot- nation and its neighbors, places Assiut estant Christian college in Egypt, a College among the institutions of recnation of twelve millions of people. ognized immeasurable value in the For sixteen centuries, previous to its Kingdom. founding, there did not exist a school

ANCIENT "GOLDEN WAY" OF THE ROIlANS-A TYPICAL STREET IN

In the foreground is a Greek priest astride a donkey. At the right is a Moslem camel driver The Revenge of Love in Turkey BY REV. S. RALPH HARLOW, SMYR1"{A, TURKEY (;TaRE most popuhr song school for little girls. And on th~ in the Turksh sch~ols walls of the school-rooms are pic- . the past ~wo years IS a tures too terrible to. describe, scenes sonl! Known as "Inti- of massacre and outrage, pictures in- k!.m," which, being in- tended to arouse all the blackest emo- tions of the heart. During the past .. terpreted means "Re- two years I have not seen a single Turkish school-room whose walls venge." '{he words of the chorus were unpolluted by such scenes of degradation. But in the pictures it literally translated run as follows: is always Christians killing, slaying, outraging Moslems, and underneath Revenge, revenge, revenge, there is always some sentiment, some Let us swim up to our necks in their little verse with a serpent's sting, awakening in the reader hatred and blood. the spirit of revenge. Let us wipe these dirty spots off our This spirit of revenge, sown, culti- clothes, vated, carefully nurtured throughout Revenge, revenge revenge. the land. has borne its terrible fruit. I will not here go into a description Young men from the military school of the horrors of that harvest. It march down the street singing these is enough to say that the Spain of words with the fire of passionate the Inquisition must relinquish any hatred in their eyes; boys of seven and six wave the crescent flag and shout it in their school rooms, and you hear it in childish voices from behind the latticed windows of a

previous claims to superiority in bombs from aeroplanes falling nearly thoroughness and cruelty in carrying every week so close to the college to a successful finish the diabolical campus that windows in the buildings ends sought out by the oppressors in were shatt~red by the explosion of the power. shells, a missionary institution of the American Board, the International As dawn on the hills, after the College of Smyrna, has just comblack clouds of night have been van- pleted one of the best years in its quished, as cooling showers in an history so far as the spirit of th( college and real spiritual gains among MOSLEM TWINS WHOM THE MISSIONARIES IN students and faculty is concerned. In SMYRNA KEPT ALIVE WITH FOOD the city the American Collegiate In- stitute for Girls, also an American oasis after a parching day in the fierce Board institution, has had a similar heat of the desert sun, another pic- experience. The story of the year ture rises out of the land of massacre in these institutions is an inspiration and revenge. This, too, is a story and encouragement. of revenge. Before the war broke out the en- In the midst of war and famine, rolment in the college was over 400; surrounded by starvation and with in the Institute over 350. Last year there were just half as many stu- dents in the two institutions. Among those students, and on the teaching staff of the schools, were many sad hearts. Some did not know where their loved ones were, others knew all too certainly.

Many lived in constant dread of being seized and sent off to exile and death.

A year ago a student conference was held at the college, which is beautifully located outside the city, among the hills of Paradise. The conference was under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian As- sociation of the college and the Young Women's Christian Associa- tion of the Institute. About ISO dele- gates were present, and a great deep- ening of th6 spiritual life of the two institutions was the result.

At that time a volunteer band was formed of six students which, dur- ing the past year, has grown to thirty- four, and this group has had a won-

A VIEW OF SMYRNA FROM MT. PAGUS. THE ANCIENT CITADEL WHERE POLYCARP SUFFERED

V·l e are looking through a break in the wall of the ancient Roman fortification-dating back to Alexander the Great. The beautiful harbor seen here has been closed to all ships for two years. Hostile airships frequently come and drop bombs on the city

TYPICAL GROUP OF TURKISH CHILDREN IN A BAZAAR IN SMYRNA These are the children for whom missionaries are caring while the Turkish Government is killing and starving the Armenians derful influence in strengthening the college and had begged an old woman spiritual forces among the students. servant to let him sleep in an unused The volunteers are students who shed, which consisted of one room promise to give their lives to the enclosed by four mud walls and a service of Christ, in Turkey, in defi- mud floor. For food he picked up nite religious work. This band now whatever he could, giving the old includes the highest honor students woman a few cents a week to give in the two institutions. It includes him some vegetables out of her garthe presidents of the Christian Asso- den. The next year we secured a ciations and a majority of the cabi- scholarship for this boy, and he net members in both institutions. worked himself to earn money to- Let me give three examples of the ward his education. My wife and type of young people in this band: I had him come to our own home one evening each week to supper. At Four years ago there came to the that time he thought of God only as college a young man from the in- a cruel and heartless being who cared terior. He was very poor and an nothing for him. His aim in life was orphan. It was understood by the to secure an education and then make college authorities that he had friends money, tho, as he afterward sai.<J.H in the city of Smyrna, for he enrolled "Life had no meaning to me, I was as a day student. At the close of terribly unhappy." the college year, that young man led the student body in scholarship, but One evening he came to our house the president discovered how that earlier. than usual, and we asked him young Greek had lived during the upstairs while we put our little twoyear. He had no friends in Smyrna, year old boy to bed and heard him but had gone to a farm near the say his prayers and sing a little

16 ] THE REVENGE OF LOVE IN

CHRISTIAN WORK AMONG STARVING MOSLEMS IN SM YRNA During the past year near1y 2,000 people have been fed by the American missionaries in Smyrna. The M oslems of the city did n othing for their own starving peojlle hymn. That little scene by the bed- and, later, its secretary. His family side of the baby overcame that stu- was one of means till a year ago ; dent's heart and he wept bitter tears all they possest was stolen from them as he said: "I never saw anything and his sisters, mother, grandmother like that in all my life." To-day he and father were driven into exile. At is the president of the College Chris- the time he passed through a great tian Association and a member of spiritual crisis. Who would notthe Student Volunteer Band, one of under such heart burdens? the strongest men in the college and a devoted servant of the Lord Christ. One day he said: "I should 10ve to become a volunteer, but, oh, I can't Another member of the band came stay in Turkey. I am willing to go to the college some years ago, an to China or India." At that time he agnostic and scorner of all spiritual did not know where his mother and realities . Education in itself does not sisters were. But he knew where redeem men ; mere book-learning is they might be, and he would rather not Turkey's primary need. This they were in their graves. Yet he Armenian youth posed as a socialist knew Turkish and, two months later, till, drawn into conversation, he re- he wrote a beautiful letter to the vealed his absolute ignorance of so- leader of the band, with his card encialism, and became eager really to closed, and his name signed underlearn. He was led toward "Chris- neath this simple statement : "It is my tian Socialism." Gradually he was purpose, in the spirit of Christ, to led to see in Christ the true answer give my life to His service in reto the needs of humanity. He became ligious work in Turkey." a member of the Christian Association Since then, he has been one of the

most active of the volunteer workers. Orthodox church, which threatened My third example is of a young at first to become serious, was turned aside by the prayers and faithfulness woman, a member of last year's grad- of our own Greek Orthodox students, uating class. Three years ago she who conducted regular evangelistic made fun of things religious and de- meetings, and led many into a deeper clared to one of her teachers that understanding of spiritual truths. she had no use for Christ. Slowly she, too, has come out into a radiant The boy scouts in the college gave life of faith, and last year was the up a dinner they were to have at leader in a group of twenty village Christmas time, and gave it to a group girls. After she became a volunteer, of poor boys among the scouts in the she said to a friend: "Vhen I signed village. It was an inspiring and inthe card it was the happiest moment teresting sight to go down to the of my life, for it was the first thing Neighborhood House, when a club I had really done wholly for Him." meeting was going on, and see the Her appeal for consecration was one happy faces around the room, and of the most compelling we listened to even more helpful it was to watch at the conference, as she told of her one of the students lead such a girls and the need in Turkey for such group. work. With the approach of famine con- The average attendance at the ditions in Smyrna, last December, the Young Women's Christian Associa- settlement house was used as the tion weekly meetings was over 90, headquarters, twice a week, for the and often I 50 students would be distribution of food. Over 800 people present. were reached weekly through this center. The students wheeled down Early in the winter a small settle- great sacks of corn and beans-no ment work was started in a Greek easy task-and helped in the distrivillage, near the college campus, bution. where boys' and girls' clubs, mothers' meetings, boy scouts, a free dispensary In the college, several voluntary and religious services were held dur- Bible groups met each week, in addiing the week. A house was rented, tion to Bible study in the daily curand the money was raised by the riculum work. The M orning Watch students themselves to pay the rent was introduced at the request of the each month. students.

This Neighborhood House, as it During the Easter vacation, the was called, is perhaps the first in the last week in April, we held our Empire, and we hope, and believe, second Paradise conference. Those that the good work in this. needy conference days were days of rare community of over 800 persons will experience. For three weeks previcontinue. The students entered whole- ous to the conference small groups heartedly into the work, and many met for prayer, over fifty students said that this was the first glimpse taking part in these groups. In one they had ever had of social service. group two Moslem students were Trouble with the leaders of the Greek present each day "to pray that the conference might lead to a better un-

BOY SCOUTS U N DER THE OLD ROM A N A QUEDUCT, NEAR

Students in preparatory and lower classes jn International College, Smyrna. There are ten nationalities.

in this group. This is a good training in international bro therhood

derstanding of the races and a truer hearts and actions of those who bear spirit of brotherhood," as the leader His name.

of the group put it up to them in It lifted us nearer to an under- asking them if they cared to come. standing of that cross on Calvary, Later, they attended every meeting as an Armenian professor, whose old of the conference. father and mother had recently been The week before the conference, forced to accept Islam at the sword's a sunset prayer service was held each point, prayed, while tears· ran down evening on a hill overlooking the many a cheek, for the Moslems that campus. From where we. sat, we they might some day know the con- could see below us, less than half a straining love of Christ.

mile away, large holes where bombs And at the sunset meeting that had fallen that same afternoon, and last night, many a Christian student where men had been killed and exprest the desire to learn the con- wounded. In the distance lay the straining love of Christ in order to warships whose guns had flashed love the Turks.

fire and death that very week, while One dear Armenian girl stood up the thunders shook our buildings. and bore witness to Christ's power as Our hearts were learning the true she said: "I have learned in these meaning of peace in those days. conference days that the great revenge For three days and a half we met is the revenge of love. I want to love for Bible study, mission study, dis- the Moslems."

cussional groups, and inspirational No wonder that the Turkish boy, talks and prayer. The watchword who sat beside. her rose, and, with a of the conference became "the way of voice full of emotion" began a striking glory is the way of the cross, but testimony by saying: "I stand here in the way of the cross is the way of agony for the truth."

glory." An Armenian Bible woman said to The closing sunset meeting was an one of those present at the confer- hour of wonderful experience. Over ence: "When my husband and son seventy-five yoring people stood up, were killed before my eyes I resolved one by one, and dedicated for the to have my revenge upon the Turks first time, or reeaffirmed their loyalty, .by showing some of them the love to the Lord Jesus Christ as the of Christ, my Lord.i , Master of their lives. At one service At the close of the conference a of the conference, at the close of a young Armenian exclaimed-,. ,"I do strong call to consecration on the not feel that we are here"ln war- text, "The love of Christ constrain- stricken Smyrna, in 1916, but' rather eth us," we spent a period of fellow- down in Galilee, two.th@sand years ship in prayer for the people suffer- ago, with Jesus inciui midst."

ing and in exile and, above all, that It is a dark hour in Turkey but if the day ever came when revenge there are signs of the morning light might be taken upon the guilty it -the light of an eternal dawn when might be a day when the love of the Sun of Righteousness shall rise Christ should triumph over the with healing in His wings.

ON A JOURNEY ON A CHINESE

A Visit to Picturesque Amoy * BY MRS. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL, POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y.

E are on the Island of row, dirty, winding Chinese city i Wi i Kolungsu, opposite the street jostling up against burden-bear- ~ City and Island of ers carrying, on ends of bamboo poles, pails of water or sewage, Amoy, the headquarters or stones, or bales of cloth. Every- thing is carried this way, Or of the Reformed Mis- you may be hanging over a char- coal fire where cakes are being fried, ,. – sian work in China. or fish, or where soup is stewing. I leave to your imagination the mix- There are no railroads here-no car- ture of smells. Besides the human animal there are plenty of pigs and riage roads-nothing but footpaths, chickens, and wolf-like looking dogs even in the walled cities. and the only means of locomotion, ex- The streets in China are a constant cepting on foot, is to ride in a chair source of interest for they are lined with shops, the front entirely open (covered or uncovered) hanging be- to view. At night these are boarded up, for there is no light excepting tween two bamboo poles borne on the shoulders of two Chinese coolies.

Sometimes you are in a chair climb- ing a mountain and hanging over a precipice, or suspended over a deep gulley filled with water, or· on a narrow high ridge between fields.

Again you are going through a nar- • Dr. and Mrs. Hill have returned from a year's journey to the mission fields of Asia. They have visited chiefly the Reformed-Dutch missions, but bave reported also' on much of the great work of other missions.-EDITOR.

kerosene, and people do not go out said there had been forty persons at night, especially in the country. carried off by tigers in the past five months, and doubtless as many We have just returned from a more unreported cases. We felt nervcountry trip when we went up the ous when we went outside of the Sio-khe River in sampans. The boats walled compound, even to the next were about forty feet long and ten house, after dark carrying lanterns. feet wide in the middle. We curtained off a space for our cabin, We have attended several Chinese and there we slept on the floor and feasts, but the best one was at Sioate off a suit-case-for we had to khe arranged by the hospitaL staff carry both food and bedding with and cooked by the daughters of the us. The river is broad but very famous Pastor lap. There were 24 shallow, and the boatmen and women courses. Each dish, forming a pole up stream, and row back. We course, is put in the middle of the spent almost two days and two nights round table and with chopsticks and going thirty miles. The cordial wel- china spoon each helps himself from come of the missionaries and the the central bowl. The special deli- Chinese Christians more than repaid caCIes of the Chinese feast are for any discomfort. birds'-nest soup, sharks' fins and buried eggs, a year or more old- As usual, we visited the schools, not so bad as it sounds-but I prewhere Dr. Hill and Dr. William fer home American cooking. The Chamberlain made addresses, inter- cooks here are all men-in fact all preted by the missionary. We vis- the servants are men. It would not ited the hospital, which was far from be safe for a Chinese girl to go out corresponding to our ideas. Instead to service. The poor little slave of beautiful clean linen on comforta- girls, whom they buy, are shamefully, ble beds there were wooden boards and cruelly treated. covered with matting on wooden horses and a soiled blanket or com- Buying and selling babies is an fortable for the cover. The patients every-day occurrence, and the killing were unkempt and dirty. The reason of little girl babies is not a thing is that there is no running water, of the past. Miss Zwemer had a but in spite of this the doctor said class of thirty women, whom she was that the wounds were kept asceptic. teaching the Ten Commandments. She asked all who had broken the If is only another case of lack of commandment "Thou shalt not kill" money and men, but the doctor told to stay after the class was overus of some wonderful cures. We they nearly all stayed. One had saw one small boy with hands and killed five of her little girls. One feet bandaged. He had been dragged woman told the Bible-woman "We across four fields by a tiger, when didn't know it was wrong to kill the men who saw him screamed so little babies before you came and loud that the tiger dropt him and told us." Oh! there is black heathran. The next day in about the enism all around us, and so few same place the tiger caught a man workers to show them the way to and there was nothing left but one Christ. foot and his queue. Miss Zwemer

A CHILDREN'S MEETING IN CHAPEL CAR, "HERALD OF HOPE"

Churches on Wheels in the West BY MISS ANNA EDITH MEYERS, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Edifor of World· Wide IWiHAT you got there,Bi1!y?" Everybody knew that Grape Creek needed a preacher. It had needed ~. The conductor gave one for fifty years, and for lack of him and the Gospel he represented, the starting signal and had come to be known as the rough- est mining town in the Middle West. ~ swung himself aboard Tales of its bad men and their orgies had gone even to distant points, until the rear end of the travelers feared to pass through the town on the train. spick and span, dark-green coach "You'd better take half a dozen that completed his train. "A of our men with you," a policeman had advised the missionary, as he carload of preachers for Grape watched the filling of the car's coal bunkers, preparatory to moving to Creek," he grinned at the crowd on the notorious locality.

the station platform. But the church on wheels found Grape Creek living partially on its "They're needed there all right," past reputation. Business had de- creased and the toughest element had chorused half a dozen bantering moved on; but saloons stiU flourished on every corner, with a plentiful voices as the train pulled out. sprinkling in between for good meas- ure. Considering the large number The conductor's statement, how- of empty houses, rapidly falling into ruin, the missionary wondered how ever, needed revision. Instead of "a carload of preachers," he was carry- ing only two-Rev. Walter J. Sparks and Mrs. Sparks; but he might have added that he was hauling also a well-equipped church and a cozily furnished parsonage, and that the preparation of the minister's next sermon kept pace with the rate at which his little study flew over the rails toward Grape Creek.

the population supported so many to disappear, and here and there one saloons. of the erstwhile thirsty ones drowsed off the effect of his potations. Alto- Even in Grape Creek, however, a gether it was not an encouraging little light was shining. The railroad meeting, but Mr. and Mrs. Sparks agent, his wife, and his father's fam- had faith to look for better things ily were Christians. A section hand to follow. had been converted, h~dgathered up a few others who ·n~d been church The better things came first in the members "back East," and organ- meetings for the children, who ized a little church. But what could crowded the car each afternoon. To so small a handful do in such a many of them the Gospel was a new saloon-ridden place? They did the story, and they soon began to feel best thing possible, and sent for the its wondrous power. One after anchapel car, "Herald of Hope," to other they responded to the invitahelp them solve their problem. tion and accepted Christ.

The deacon of the little church It was days, however, before any finished shoveling out the slack that impression seemed to be made upon blocked the way to the side-track just the parents, tho they filled the car as the train appeared around the each evening. Of the hundreo men curve. He shouldered his scoop who came to the men's meeting on ,hovel and welcomed the mission- Sunday afternoon, some con fest that aries as the train pulled in, while the they had not attended a religious few loungers who loitered on the meeting within their recoIIection ; platform stared and asked "What's others, that they had not been inside this come to town?" a church for thirty years; and even the five professing Christians had not Safely shunted on to the side track, heard the Gospel for a long time. out of the way of passing traffic, the chapel car opened up. News of its Outside on the pile of slack that coming spread rapidly, and that eve- the deacon had shoveled off the sidning forty men crowded the back ing to make room for the car, a seats and blocked the door, while poor, dejected fellow sat and listened others stood outside to listen. It to the sermon. Known as a "haunt," was evident that most of them had a saloon loafer, he felt himself too patronized saloons on their way. low and outcast to sit among his Others seemed restless. Occasionally townsmen in the car. Thus he sat in a group would leave the car and his shame and dirt, truly a prodigal return after a few minutes. in a far country.

"Where do they all go?" the mIs- On Tuesday night he sat there sionary asked the deacon. again, while the missionary preached on "The Tragedy of Sin," every "To get a drink," he replied; "but word sinking deep into his heart. when the sermon begins, I'll stop Hark! They were singing: 'em." "I've wandered far away from God, The mystery of the support of the Now I'm coming home!" many saloons was solved. When, finally, the missionary arose for the The poor, miserable saloon "haunt" sermon, the epidemic of thirst seemed

ON WHEELS IN THE

arose from his pile of dirt, stumbled despaired of better things for Grape through the door of the car and Creek took hold with a will. The up the aisle. He wiped away his mining company donated two bttiUtears with one grimy hand and ing lots, and in a few week" the stretched out the other toward the missionary had raised in the town missionary. and surrounding country sullicient money to put up a suitable building "You hit me hard to-night, and so with basement reading room and you did on Sunday," he sobbed. gymnasium for the use of the young "Every word of those sermons was men who had never had any place for me. I heard it all outside."

A RAILROAD MEN'S NOON MEETING IN THE CHAPEL CAR "And what do you want?" asked of recreation but the saloons after the missionary. their hard day's work. A good and able pastor was settled on the field. "I want God! I want God!" Having thus accomplished its work, From that time there was a con- the "Herald of Hope" Ieit for it,; stant manifestation of the power of next appointment. the Spirit in the conversion of souls. Little children, young people, strong The car that brought hope and men and women and even two old help to Grape Creek is one of seven men, who had passed the allotted chapel cars owned and operated by ~pan, accepted Christ. At the first the American Baptist Publication So- baptism, a week later, sixteen of the ciety. The movement had its incep- candidates were young men. tion twenty-five years ago, in the The little church was a reality now, mind of Rev. Wayland Hoyt, D.D., a living, spiritual force, with a who, while riding through the West Sunday-school of a hundred and with his brother, Colgate Hoyt, no- . thirty members. Those who had long ticed the many churchless communi-

ties along the line, and suggested seat you will notice there is still that the railroad companies ought to half enough room for one more. build a church on wheels to go about lhe wise architect movd the extra from town to town. Mr. Hoyt tonk ;'al£ space across the aisle, and so the matter up with some of his as· made room for three people on that sociates, formed a "Chapel Car Syn- side. Seated two on ')ne side and dicate," built· the first chapel car three on the other, the chapel car Evangel, and presented it to the will comfortably accommodate about American Baptist Publication Society. one hundred people. There is 3 The car was dedicated at Cincinnati, pulpit, of course, an organ, and a May 23, 1891, and has been in con- phonograph. A hot-water system stant service for twenty-five years. keeps the car warm in winter, and an acetylene gas plant light.~ it. Its success was immediate and so great that a second car was de- A railway chapel demands a railmanded. Within a year Emmanuel, way parsonage, with pantry, kitchen, No.2, was built and equipped as dining-room, study, parlor, and bedthe result of many gift~ for that room, all one and the same room. purpose. Shortly afterward Glad There live the preacher, organist, Tidings, NO.3, was presented by 111". soloist, cook, and janitor, in the per- William Hills, of New York; Good sons of the missionary and his wife. Will, NO.4, by gifts of individuals The car does not carry a porter, but and churches; Messenger of Peace, the railroad people sometimes show No.5, by Baptist women; and Her- their good will by lending the servald of Hope, No.6, by Baptist men. ices of their regnlar cleaning force or attaching the air-pressure appa- The chapel cars attracted attention ratus and giving the car a good and interest from the beginning. The "blowing out." Sometimes, also, the novelty of the idea appealed to the coal bin and ice chest are filled public. By some, the movement was through their kindness. thought to be an experiment involving too great expense to be perman- The primary purpose of the cars ently practical; but the experimental was to help churchless towns, but stage has long since passed, and the it soon became evident that the need cars have proved to be one of the was equally great in towns where a greatest and most effective mission- little church was struggling for exary assets of the denomination. istence against great odds. To such places the cars go with their help, The chapel car looks quite like her and invariably leave a strengthened workaday sisters of the day-coach and revived church behind. family. She is a little longer than most of them, and always wears a A typical case is reported by Rev. neat and presentable dress of paint, so that she may not detract from the J. C. 'Killian, of Evangel, No. I. In good appearance of the train;; of which she forms a part. Inside, the March, of this year, he took the car car seems a little one-sided, for the to a small town .where there was a aisle does not run through the mid- discouraged church supported, with dle. By sitting close in a railwJY half-time preaching, by the State Convention Board. Six years had brought so little result that the Board

ON WHEELS IN THE WEST 68r

discust the advisability of withdraw- ciety receives a letter of thanks from ing further support and letting the a committee of men for meetings feeble church disband. The chap" held in railroad shop or yard. car came and held a series of mee' ings. Eighty-eight persons were con- Hundreds of men each year join verted, the church doubled its mem- the Chapel Car Railroad Temperance bership, called a pastor for full time, Society. Some hard drinkers, havreleased the Board from further re- ing lost their positions, their families sponsibility and has made substan- and their manhood, have been contial contributions to missionary causes. verted. To-day they hold good posi- tions, and their families are re-united. The chapel car missionaries are past masters in reconciliation of The Messenger of Peace, NO.5, has church factions. worked extensively among railroad men in connection with the Railroad The same missionary was called Young Men's Christian Association, in April to the assistance of a city with gratifying results. church that seemed to be losing its grip. The pastor had resigned and Frequently, meetings are held en the whole church was sick. A week route in long runs, and passengers of special meetings brought little re- are usually glad to avail themselves sult. On Sunday afternoon a meet- of the opportunity to spend an hour ing was called for members only. in the chapel car. Thus many lives Church affairs were talked over are touched during the year. f ran k 1y, misunderstandings were cleared away, disagreements were ad- Each car has been recently proj usted and the pastor's resignation vided with a small circulating library withdrawn. That night, in a quiet of worth-while books, which will meeting of great power, twenty-three doubtless prove a boon in many ISOpersons were converted, and when the lated communities. car moved on to its next appointment a week later, it left a united pastor From r89I, to the present time, the and people, all harmonious in earn- results of the chapel car work may est work for the community. be summarized thus: Churches organ- ized, 2 IO; meeting houses erected, A most important part of chapel I70; pastors settled, 25I; Sundaycar work is done for the railroad schools organized, 342; baptisms, 9,- men themselves. Wherever the car 922; professing conversions, 22,652. is side-tracked, noon-day meetings are held for the men. They bring their The cars are now working in lunches to the car and listen to the California, Colorado, Nebraska, Mongramophone while they eat. Then tana, Oregon, Washington, and West follows a solo or two, a practical, Virginia. Some of them have calls heart-to-heart talk, and the men go for service covering a year ahead. back to their work. Midnight meet- At one time Evangel had requests ings are held for the men on the for service covering seven full years night shifts. Hundreds of railroad ahead. The new Chapel Car, NO.7, men have thus been won to Christ embodies improvements suggested by and better living. Sometimes the SQ- twenty-three years of experience ill this practical, effective and up-ta-the- minute method of home mission en- terprise.

God's Plan for Your

BY E. W. FRITCHLEY, BOMBAY, INDIA ~, T J WO or three years ago tiOll to the extent they have sepa- at a Sunday evening rated themselves from sin. Religion , tea in Union Hall, is not a man-created thing; it is the Bombay, a young man, God-life which Jesus Christ im- referring to his con- plants in the human heart. Jesus . version, said, "Fritch- alone of all religious teachers says, "Ye must be born again." Religion ley was taking the service at Union is that which binds a man to God.

Hall and he looked straight in my Suppose my hand had an apple in it and that attached to one face and said, 'Young man, God finger was a string with a bit of bacon on the end, and attached to has a beautiful plan for your life, the next finger was a little book with the word "bank" on it; suppose will you let Him work it out?' I the apple said: had come to Bombay to commit sui- "What are you doing, Hand, with these?" cide, but I could not get away from "Sometime the body might cut that thought, that God had a beauti- me off," the hand answers, "and then I will have the apple and the bacon ful plan for my life. I went to my to eat, and the bank account to work on, and I will be all right." room and gave myself to God." That "Silly hand," you say, "why should young man is the head now of the the body' cut you off? The body loves you, the body needs you, and Union Hall work in Bombay. while you are connected with the body the body lives for you." Friend, God has a beautiful plan I f you feel you are linked to for your life. Will you let Him God, are you going to hold onto apples and bacon and hang onto work it out? He has an appoint- bank books? That apple is a dead weight 'to the hand; put it in the ment with you to-day, just as defi- mouth and you will get some of the good, nourishing juice and you will nite as any with a business partner. feel the benefit and pleasure of it!

What is religion? Re-"back" ; Oh, in God's name, get a new vision! Do not talk about Christian ligo-"I bind." The word ligament stewardship as tho God and you have separate interests. Be linked to comes from the same root. The God, and know that everything is the Lord and the Lord is everything. whole force and protective helpful- ness in the body goe~ into the hand as long as it is joined to the body.

My hand is hanging down, a dog comes and gives a little nip into the hand. I may be signing a ten- thousand-dollar document; I drop it, and the whole body says, "Go to a physician, call a taxi, get a doctor, help my little finger. The whole body is there."

Shakespeare can not be said to have made a religion. Buddha did not make a religion. They may have given good, manly ideas in propor-

Persia Around the War

* BY THE LATE SAMUEL G. WILSON, OF TABRIZ, PERSIA ETJo north Persia, the so near the Arctic circle. Sunrise regular routes lie and sunset were very beautiful in through Berlin, Vien- this far North-land. It was inter- na or Constantinople to esting to see the Swedish Red Cross the Caucasus. In these corps, men and women, drest in times of war the choice coats, caps, and overshoes of sheep lies between the route to Archangel skin-the thick wool protecting them through the Arctic Sea and the one by as they moved about exchanging dis- Norway and Sweden. A third way is abled Russian prisoners for Germans in process of being opened, which will in the same condition, bringing the give Russia a real gate to the unfrozen one and taking back the other with ocean at Alexandrovsk, whose harbor impartial care. A corps of British is open throughout the year. doctors and nurses were our com- panions in travel, going to the new At Christiania, in the last of Anglo-Russian hospital in Petrograd. November, we struck a cold wave and from there, through Stockholm and From Tomeo our course lay diagonnorth through Sweden and down ally across Russia from the northern through Russia for nearly 3,000 miles, extremity of the Gulf of Bothnia, snow-covered landscapes were in view. through Finland, Petrograd, Moscow We broke the ice at Christiania as we and Rostov, near the Sea of Azov to were carefully piloted through a mine Baku on the Caspian. We must pass field. But had we been delayed a over the long plain north of the Caufew days, we would have met the casus range and skirt the shore of the severest weather of one hundred Caspian because the railroad along the years, cold which cracked the ther- eastern shore of the Black Sea is not mometers and froze scores of ships yet completed. The land journey is fast in the ice. approximately 5,000 miles; three days from Christiania to Petrograd, three At the border of Sweden the days further to Baku, and three days railway depot in Haparanda is from Baku to the border of Persia at separated from the Russian depot in Julfa. Tomeo by an unbridged river. This was frozen over, and roadways were The Russians accepted the letter marked. by lines of fir trees stuck in from the Ambassador and did not the ice. The scene was alive with even open my trunk. Not a connection sleighs in great numbers, without was missed nor a day's delay occur by bells, however. We enjoyed the the movements of forces or stores. sleigh ride in spite of the biting cold Crowded trains occasioned the only inconvenience. The somewhat greater * This last letter from Dr. Wilsor, was written under t~e Shadow of Mount Ararat, New Year's Day, 1916. Since then Dr. Wilson bas passed away at his post of service in behalf of the destitute Armenians and Assyrians.-Etrt"f9:R,

frequency of squads of soldiers and with petroleum, but under the necesof traveling officers, with a rather sity of distilling its water from the frequent Red-Cross sign on trains of sea; which has grown to a size of wounded or on buildings were about 200,000, with its water carted about an there was to indicate that this wide- in barrels, but at last aspires to a flung empire is in a great war. Apro- 30,000,ooo-ruble water plant. pos of the multitudes of officers whose recent appointment has been neces- In Baku and onward in Tiflis, sary, the humor-loving censor will Erivan and Etchmiadzin, my journey allow me to tell a harmless incident. became one of activity, first in inves- A Russian priest was trying to get on tigating the condition of the Ara crowded tram-car on which were menian refugees from Turkey and many officers. One of these said to then relieving their needs. These him: "Why don't you ride an ass as duties led me to visit and consult your Master did?" The priest retort- with Vortabeds and Bishops as well ed as the car moved on without him, as with the Katholikos of the Ar- "So many of them are in uniform menians in his monastery shrine of these days that there is none left for Etchniadzin. They brought me beme to ride on." fore ambassadors and princes, and even to the honor of an interview I was pleased to get back to a real with the Grand Duke Nicolas, the view of Asiatic life at Baku. Here viceroy of the Caucasus, who led the Tartars and Persians meet one at Czar's forces with such courage on every turn with their distinctive rim- the western front. Not only so, but less hats Their bazars or rows of they brought me into the hovels and small open shops are a striking fea- stables of the mud-built villages of ture of the Oriental part of the city. the Armenians, where the refugees In Baku they are in interesting con- are living in wretchedness, filth and trast to the well-built and well-fitted foul odors, sustained in life by a modern stores. Indeed this is a city dole of bread from the Committees, of contrasts-the old, narrow, dusty or by the kindly charity of the hoslanes and the broad, well-paved pitable villagers, who have opened streets; the hammol, or porter, their rooms, their bake-houses, barns with a great load on his pack-saddle, and stables to lodge the wanderers. or the string of camels, wobbling Fortunate are those who have the along by the train of cars, or bring- bake-house as a lodging, for tho ing loads to the many steamers in there is much smoke, there is heat; the harbor; the wall of the medieval or those who are in the stables, for fortress of the khans and the bar- the steam heat from the oxen, buffaracks of the Czar army; the ancient lo and sheep make the absence of shrine of the fire worshipers with clothing and bedding endurable. As its deserted altar, where burned per- I listened to their terrible heart-rendpetually the sacred flame, a gift of ing tales of slaughter and flight, or Ormuzd from the ground, and the dishonor and death~ I, with them, great oil gushers of modern times thanked God for the benevolence of which have made Baku a city of mil- America, which helped in relieving lionaires. It is a city with wells flowing their distress.

a Force In Japan *

IlY RE'. SIDNEY L. GULICK, D.D.

OUR years ago the of all as a legitimate object to which to appeal. mF ~ Cabinet of Japan invited to a reception the official Last November a second reception was heads of the various re- given by the Cabinet to the representa- ligious bodies. There tives of the various religions. This time ~ were present twelve the meetings, under the auspices of the Shinto priests, fifty-four Buddhist Minister of Education, were held on priests, and seven Christians-all three successive evenings in order that Japanese. Of the Christians, one rep- the representatives of the three religions resented the Greek Catholic Church, one might come separately before the Cabinet. the Roman Catholic, and five the various What did the Cabinet wish to say to these Protestant bodies. After the reception representatives? To the Buddhists and and dinner, the Minister of Home Shintoists what he said was practically Affairs made a very short address, the this: purport of which was: "Gentlemen, we have appealed to you "For several decades we have been re- to do what you could to deepen and garding religion as of no significance in strengthen the moral and the spiritual the life of the n'ation, but we see that we life of our people, and, gentlemen, you have been mistaken. We therefore can not do it unless you purify your appeal to you, the official representatives priesthood." of the religions of this country, to do what you can to deepen and to strength- "The immorality, the utter uselessness en the moral and the spiritual life of of the priesthood of Japan, is a matter our people." of common knowledge, so much so that· Professor Ibuka, one of the leading That was a very remarkable and sig- thinkers of Japan, has made this public nificant reception for several reasons. statement: 'If there is any such place For the first time in the history of Japan, as hell, that is where the Buddhist priests Christianity was recognized by the will go.' That was what the Minister of Government as on a level with the Education said to those two sets of repother faiths. Altho Christianity has been resentatives." given a very free opportunity in Japan during the past twenty or thirty years, vVhen he came to the Christians he this is the first time the Government has conferred with them. They asked quesfelt that it could invite together repre- tions and he answered them. The ansentatives of the three religions on the swer made to one of their questions is basis of equality. especially significant. In the interval be- tween the previous reception and the one Another significant item in this event held in November, nearly two years, the is that it was the appeal of the Govern- Government divided the Bureau of Rement to the indigenous religions. The ligions, which has existed for many de- Government begins to see that the people cades, into two sections, one left where it need religion, and they are appealing not was formerly, under the Department of only to the oldest faiths, Shintoism and Horne Affairs, and the other put into the Buddhism, but to the most recent faith Department of Education. Everyone • From the Congregationaiist and Christian Wark.

had been wondering what was the pur- was placed upon the point that Western pose of the Government in thus dividing education deals with the physical world the Bureau of Religions. That was the -physics, astronomy, chemistry, and such question put to the Minister of Educa- things-and does not emphasize the relation. The answer he made was sig- tions of man in society, was very signifinificant: cant. That was one of the causes for the opposition to Western education, "For one thing," he said, "partly for which was set up in the fifties. It se~ms administrative purposes; but the more strange to us because we get our moral important reason is that we wish to have education in so many ways; but in our the people realize that there are two great public schools how little there is of eduforces working for the uplift of national cation along moral lines 1 The coming of life. One is education and the other is Western education into Japan has taught religion, and these are coordinate." those people to think in materialistic terms of this great universe, with the re- Now these two facts indicate a new at- sult that the better life of the Old Japan titude on the part of the leaders of Japan has been very seriously undermined, and toward the religious life. For many de- a tremendous moral disaster is taking cades, since Japan has been entering into place there. Western ways, it has been a COmmon thing for the leaders to say that religion Think of a few facts with reference to is nothing but custom and superstition the serious conditions that have come to and tradition; that no man who is edu- be because of Japan's contact with the cated needs religion-education is enough newer life from the West. Some fifteen for him. To have these leaders begin years ago, the daily papers one morning to say that we must have religion for the printed a letter that had been found at uplift of the national life, for the foun- the famous waterfalls at Nikko. This dation of the moral life, is most signifi- was what it said: cant, and you may be sure that this new state of mind would not have come to "I have studied all of the philosophies pasS' except that Japan had discovered the that treat of the problems of human life; catastrophe overtaking the faith of her I have studied all that the religions have educated men of to-day. to teach, and they give no satisfying an- i'iwer. I am going into the next world Bushido was the flower of the founda- to see what I can find for myself." tion of Buddhis,n and Confucianism, and whatever weaknesses it had it developed And the next day the body of the that idea of loyalty which is profoundly writer, a young man, was found among significant in the development of people. the rocks six or seven hundred feet be- Now the later teaching in Japan is dis- low. A few days later the body of tinctly ethical. The teachings of Confu- another young man was found, then ancius are ethical. The reason why the other, and another. Presently Japan old Samurai of Japan have so easily woke to the fact that here was an epitaken something of Christian teaching is demic of suicide, caused primarily by the because of the similarity between the turmoil her young people were beginning teachings of Jesus and the teachings of to feel. Confucius. The essence of Confucianism lieS' in its doctrine of relations: master We have been taught to think of suiand follower, subject and king, husband cide as cowardice, but in Japan it has and wife, elder a~d younger brother. But been carried on under moral sanction- for the defense of honor, for the expiathe center of that teaching in Japan was tion of crimes. As soon as the nation moral. The fact that the opposition to began to realize what was happening, the coming of Western learning to Japan policemen were put at that spot and later

I9 16] CHRISTIANITY A FORCE IN JAPAN

on a stockade was erected. This practic- to be evaded, if possible. The sanctions ally stopped the epidemic, but when in- that hold the individual to his moraL life vestigation was made it was found that are very few and very weak in Japan as two hundred and fifty-eight men and yet, and the result is there is a very real women had hurled themselves over that moral collapse taking place in the lives of waterfall to death. And that does not many people. In some ways, there is include those who threw themselves into more licentiousness than fifty or sixty volcanoes and other places of certain years ago. death. There is more money. Some think The fact is, there is a tremendous crisis Japan is poor, and she is; but there are in the lives of young people, and we rich classes. The old commercial class must try to understand what it is. India in Japan was almost the lowest; now the and China and Japan in all their higher commercial class is taking in all the other life have been wrestling with the great classes. The Japanese are rising in repuproblems of human life-birth, death, tation, and their old habits and disadsickness, sorrow, disappointment, sin, evil. vantages plus the new ones of the West Their thinking has resulted in their sys- are producing great chaos. There is not tems of philosophy,and the asceticism and only immorality among the sexes, but the methods by which they have sought there is immorality in business, ever to solve the practical problems of daily breaking out in fresh forms. Some eight life of sorrowing, sinful humanity have years ago Japan was horrified to discover all issued in myriad forms of philosophies that twenty-four Japanese had actually and religion, with all their varying teach- plotted to destroy the life of the Emperor. ings. Then, on top of their own prob- Then there was' graft in connection with lems have come our W estern problems~ the high tariff. Then there was graft in In other words, the two great streams of connection with the selling of text-books civilization, the Occidental and the Ori- for public schools and colleges. Since that ental, are beginning to flow in the same time there have risen in Japan conscienchannel and in the same brains. Then, tious moral teachers, and the difficulty of naturally, come all the problems of re- carrying on the national life without some conciliation of these two great streams. new vitality on which to base the moral We must think of the confluence of these life of the nation, if she is to go on, is two streams of civilization, not as of recognized by them. For thirty or forty the coming together of two rivers in years Japanese educators have been saywhich the waters are of different colors, ing that patriotism and loyalty to the easily mingling together, but rather of Emperor will accomplish this result. two glaciers with great momentum, Many say it yet. Not all by any means, grinding to pieces those who get in the have changed their way of thinking. But ice between them. it is an encouraging fact that there are these rising moral standards and rising With this modern civilization there is interest concerning the securing of fresh coming to Japan a new freedom. Old foundations for the moral life. Along Japan was ruled strictly by custom. Now with their getting of Western life their they have substituted for custom law as consciences are beginning to be develwe have it, with the result that their olrl oped, and Christian teaching is becoming customs are breaking down. Their laws widespread. There is the knowledge, are laws of government and do not have but not the obedience yet: great sanction. They are, rather, laws

Pointed Questions*

BY CHARLES H. MAXWELL gD o vou beLeve in mis- Will legislation do it? Will evolution do it? Will philanthropy do it? sions-preaching the Gos- pel at home and abroad? Do you knbw that it has been done in millions of cases the world over by If not, will you write the preaching of the Gospel?

down your reasons for not Do you say that the heathens are all right as they are? believing in them and Are they? Is it all right to be disthen proceed to analyze these reasons tinctly immoral or l:nmoral as is the or- dinary heathen? and see if there are real facts at the Are infanticide, polygamy, tribal war, back of them? lust, drunkenness and murder "all right" ? Is your disbelief in missions due to the fact that you accept the sweeping Do you say that missionaries spoil the statements of misinformed and preju- natives? diced persons? Will you tell us how they spoil them Is it because you do not believe in the and how you know that they do so? principles of Christianity? Is it not rather the disintegrating in- Is it because you think that the bene- fluence of town life and the bad examfits of Christianity should be limited to ple of so-called civilization that too often people of a particular color? spoil the native?

Is it because you hold that the teach- But whether you have been paying for ings of the Bible do not make for the mis'sions or not, is it a bad investment, moral uplifting of the people? aside from the religious side of it, to make ignorant people intelligent and to Do you know that the world's great- develop a community of clean, self-conest jurists as well as the most important trolled, reliable, practical men and international treaties dealing with ques- women? tions related to native races have made clear statements as to the value and Is not that what the missionaries are necessity of Christian missions? at least trying to do?

Do you think that these men and these Are you helping them or are you standinternational treaties, including the Ber- ing by and criticizing? lin treaty and the Convention of London, are mistaken? If you don't believe that missions are doing good, will you reconsider your Do you remember that our own an- whole attitude toward them and investicestors used to rove in the woods, gate for yourself? clothed only in skins and blue paint? If you find that you have been wrong", Do you recall that missionaries came will you admit it? to Britain and brought with them the Christian religion that has helped to If you find that they are doing as weI: make the Anglo-Saxon race what it is as you could do yourself, isn't it "up to to-day? you" to give a hand?

Can you suggest any more effective Will you begin now to do your share method of turning a sensual, lazy, igno- to put things right, whether by study, rant and dirty savage into a moral, in- by prayer or by gifts t.o help forward dustrious, intelligent and clean citizen? the work of missions the world over?

• From The Advance. to share in a missionary enterprise in which you will not only be glad, but easily able, to take part.

reader of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF

_ WORLD has current familiarity with the world-wide mis- sionary movement; with the heart of world-wide politics; with the actual scenes of real life in remote lands.

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HUNDREDS of readers ?ave b:en. so gbod as to express very freely and heartIly theIr mdebtedness to THE MISSIONARY REV1EW for the material usable in missionary sermons and addresses and programs; for its outlook upon world conditions; for its visualizing of the workers and the work in lands neat and far.

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CHINA CONTINUATION COMMITTEE lN THEIR FOURTH .~NNUAL

Twenty Rich lears In China * FROM A MISSIONARY VIEWPOINT ~A S we look over the past L If the number of workers has in- twenty years in China creased, so also have their qualifications risen. A large proportion of the present ' and note the altered con- recruits are college or university men and women, and a goodly number of these are ditions (other than po- decorated with the golden key, implying high rank in scholarship. ,. . litical) from the point of Upon reaching China these capable, view of a missionary, we earnest, and eager young people are more and more gathered in Language are struck first, by the great increase in Schools, which are increasing in size and importance and meeting an evident dethe size of the missionary body, At the mand. The range of study and the rapidity of acquirement by the students Missionary Conference of 1890 the statis- greatly out-distance anything possible under the old system. tics of the preceding year showed that in 2. Another striking development, esall there were 1,296 missionaries. In 1913 pecially since 1900, is the large increase of small missions. Some of these have the number had grown to 5,565, or over paid scant attention to previous occupa- tion of the field, and some are distinctly four times as many as before. During parasitic, going only where others have opened the way. the past three years the increase has There is an increasing attendance at been steady. It is said that a visitor to the summer health resorts, most of which have been opened within the past Shanghai once inquired of a resident two decades, and have proved to be great blessings to all classes of foreigners in whether there were any missionaries there. The reply was given with a deep feeling : "The suburbs are simply infest- ed with them."

In the 1915 China Mission Year Book, it was shown that there are six cities in China with more than 100 missionaries each; Shanghai leading with 358, and ten others having more than 50 each.

These figures show what an incentive and what an opportunity there is for a redistribution of our forces.

* From the China Mission Year Book, 1916.

China. Here are held mission meetings, electric lighting, tho in some in- conferences of all kinds, and similar stances the current is so weak that not gatherings. Friends in the home land, infrequently a diffused dimness is the perceiving the great advantage of these most conspicuous feature. Even then it gateways to renewed health and strength, is an improvement on the old Cimmerian often furnish the means to build the midnight. The occidental conception of "cottages." what constitutes convenience in the mat- Within the past twenty years all the· ter of ingress to and egress from ,Chinese main railways have been built, and cities has at last struck inward upon the Chinese transportation has been revolu- Chinese themselves. Many city walls tionized. Inaccessible Shansi and Y un- have been wholly or in part levelled, as nan can now be reached by rail, as in Tientsin, Canton, Shanghai, Hang- Shensi soon will be. Shanghai is much chow, etc. "Convenience gates" have less than 48 hours distant from Peking. also been opened, particularly in Peking, On the upper Yangtse steam is now at where one city lies enclosed in another last reducing by some weeks the long like a nest of lacquered boxes.

voyage to Chungking. This is the pre- Parks and pleasure grounds have cursor of the coming railway to Chengt~!, made their appearance, especially in Pe- the far-away capital of Szechuan. The king, where wide boulevards are now effacement of the houseboat has been ac- line'd with rows of trees and pretty complished in part, yet one may still ride flower-beds. Many museums have been in it with comfort, tugged along by the opened: and the Exposition idea in var- puffy, wheezing, and sometimes unstable ious kinds of products has been gradually steam-launch. adopted. Statues of men of note are be- The remoter mission stations in China ginning to climb upon lofty pedestals to are still remote, and for long will be so; be seen of men-a new enterprise in yet one after another they will be over- China.

taken by the development of railways, A reduction in telegraphic rates till China has a network of them north, throughout China, is a welcome sign south, east and west, together with many of progress. So is the general and diagonals. Their economic effects· upon growing use of the telephone, which the Empire are, and in the future are yet even to the Chinese has become indis- more to be, immeasurable. This is the pensable. The Chinese postal system, true "Money-Shaking Tree" of Chinese which in 1914 handled more than 692 legend. From the ports, jinrikishas have million articles (as compared with 113 spread to the interior cities, and in the million in 1906), is of increasing im- larger places the rubber-tired vehicles portance in the political, commercial, (euphemistically termed "glue-skin"- and social life of China, and its future chiao P'i) are a great improvement on seems certain to be even greater in their rattling predecessors. Electric proportion.

trams have been introduced into Shang- One of the most far-reaching and sig- hai since 1907, and also into Tientsin, nificant changes in the modern China is and are expected in Peking before many the all-pervasive newspaper, sold in the years. The deadly automobile (to the streets and on trains as in the West.

registered number of more than a hun- More than a year ago it was reported dred) now honks its swift and relentless that in 21 cities there were about 330 way through the wide streets and even Chinese and Japanese journals, and 44 in the narrow and often crooked alleys foreign ones. Many of these are out- of Peking. spoken in their editorials whenever it Many Chinese cities have now adopted is safe to be so, but under existing

I9I6] TWENTY RICH YEARS IN

conditions caution is necessary, for many not better than Chinese doctors, but are newspaper offices have been closed with not so good! Chinese medical science, little or no warning. In this connec- like the lunar calendar, is held in a tion is to be mentioned the universal counterbalancing reserve; the latter con- new Chinese language supplementing the stitutes the real almanac of the Chinese former inadequate speech with a wil- people, the solar reckoning merely serv- derness of new terms for new ideas. ing for official use, and for the modern- This has quite revolutionized current ized fringes of the Empire and the literature and greatly altered the spoken treaty ports. The definite tak- language also. These changes and in- ing over of the Peking medical plant by novations go on apace, and will inevi- the Rockefeller Foundation, and itS' pur- tably do so indefinitely. pose to found other similar institu- The greatest of all China's discov- tions at strategic places such as Shang- eries within the past twenty years is hai and Canton (togeth~r with liberal undoubtedly the New Chinese Woman. subsidies to other medical schools under Of her much more will be heard in the quite different management), form a near future. It may safely be remarked combination of advance steps such as that she appears in very little danger of the Far East (or perhaps any other fulfilling the Confucian ideal of becom- East) has never seen before. Half a ing in the domestic establishment (or century hence it will be easier than it elsewhere) "a shadow and an echo!" now is to appraise at its true value this W omen speak in public as well as men, great coordinated international benefac- and "if they have anything to say" can tion. Another significant change in the address a mixed audience. While in educated Chinese is their recognition of these troublous times the education of the capital importance of hygiene, both women makes but little headway, the family and civic. Revolutionary con- Chinese Government has definitely ceptions like these, which in every land adopted the principle. This adoption is stubborn conservatism stoutly combats, unquestionably one of the greatest revo- are nevertheless making slow but sure lutions in the intellectual history of headway in China. Trained nurses, men mankind. and women, are just beginning to ap- When the pneumonic plague prevailed pear in very small numbers. They form in Manchuria in 1911, the hand of the the thin advance guard of a mighty Chinese Government was adroitly forced host which in many ways will modify to adopt Western methods of dealing and elevate the entire life of great with it, lest in the potent name of numbers of the Chinese people.

"Civilization" other powers should step The time when the Christian Church in in and assume the quarantine of China China was either altogether unknown, or to save the rest of the world. The was quite ignored, has long since passed.

theory and practise of Occidental medi- Among the high officers of the Central cine may be said to have then been poten- Government, as well as in the provinces, tially adopted, as it were en bl:;c. This are men of great ability and promi- does not of course mean that the Chi- nence and influence, well known to be nese system of medicine is given up. Christians. It is through the sugges- So far from it, it appears to be more tion of one of these, Mr. Lu Cheng- firmly entrenched than before. It is hsiang, that in the spring of 1913 the universally admitted that in surgery for- day of prayer for China was so widely eigners are wizards, but when it comes observed all over the country.

to internal complaints, many say, and The Christian Church in China is many more feel, that they are not only . producing many able men-and women

also-who occupy positions of great in- view, helped to dig deep the channels tellectual and spiritual importance. along which so many spiritual streams Among these, the Chinese evangelists, were soon to flow. women as well as men, are in the front rank, and their influence is steadily Out of the China Continuation Combroadening and deepening. Outside of mittee has been evolved the Foreign the Christian Church there has emerged Evangelistic Movement in many prova relatively new type of Chinese, men inces, and a coordinated activity in other of wide experience, broad sympathies, directions as well. The meetings led by and in some cases of ample means. Dr. Matt, Mr'. Sherwood Eddy, and Some of them have given large sums others have demonstrated that the stufor Y. M. C. A. buildings, for various dent class of China is now as accespublic enterprises, and for the support of church work. Mr. Yung T'ao (not sible as any other class. So, too, in :t a baptized member of any church) is different way and to a less degree is an example of this' class. It was he the merchant, the literary, and the offiwho many months ago bought more cial class. This extraordinary state of than 5,000 copies of the New Testa- things has impressively shown how little ment to give to his friends, a folded prepared is the Christian Church to letter of his own accompanying each grapple with its opportunities; and this copy, explaining his views of the im- again has led and is yet more to lead portance of the study of this book. The to better methods of educating to a Social Service idea, especially as ex- sense of th~ir duty church members as pounded from the Christian standpoint, a class, and the leaders in particular. has entered deep into the inner consciousness of very many educated Chi- The Sunday school is now at last recognese, and will inevitably more and more nized as the key to a live church, and produce fruits after its kind. It is its work is pushed on broad and scienprecisely this conception, carried into tific lines. The increasingly close union execution, which will one day complete- of denominational groups is a great asly revolutionize the social and not less sistance to that efficiency toward which the political life of China; and it is a the Church is dimly struggling. In conception for which China is wholly many large missions there is within reindebted to Christianity. The new Chi- cent years a general devolution of renese education has provided an immense sponsibility from foreign shoulders to potential outlet for every form of ac- those of the Chinese. The Chinese tivity, much of which can not be other- Church is at present subj ect to sharp wise than helpful to China and its "growing pains," due to the wide difpeople. ference between more or less clearly perceived responsibility and more or The World Conference in Edinburgh less clearly recognized lack of capacity. in 1910, is a landmark of international This condition can not, however, be importance, the influence of which is permanent. The Christian Church in world wide, and likely to be permanent. China must go 'forward into its new In China it waS' the efficient cause of the opportunity, or must confess itself a sectional conferences held (early in tested and a proved failure, 1913) in six important centers, and following them the National Conference in In every age the Spirit of God has Shanghai. The comprehensive and in- been working. He is working now, telligent survey of existing missionary even in the midst of this cruel world war; conditions looked at from every point of indeed He was never more at work than now. All these impressive ,changes point to the eventual coming of the Kingdom of God in China.

DEI>ADTMENT

OF BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK RECRUITING FOR THE MISSIONARY ARMY ~~~£;::~~ EN and money are equal- Volunteer Movement has been able to ly essential in the mis- more than meet the demand for sionary enterprise-men workers," says The Missionary Herald. to go and money to send "This is a mistake. The Board never them. Yet the average receives enough direct applications from church thinks its duty volunteers to supply the demand.

done when it raises money and feels no "We must lay the burden of responresponsibility whatever in regard to find- sibility for finding the new workers upon ing men. The same is true not only in the hearts of interested leaders and pasthe Sunday-school and Young People's tors throughout this co~tntry. Scattered Society but in strictly missionary organ- throughout the churches are many izations as well. earnest workers, school-teachers, minis- ters, doctors, who have had a few years' When the Mission Boards need new experience in their chosen callingsrecruits they call on the Student Volun- who are the best missionary material to teer Movement rather than on the be found in the u:orld. By bringing churches. And the Volunteer Movement these face to face with the needs they responds nobly. Through its splendid can supply, you may be able to serve the work thousands of young men and cause of missions more directly than in women have been sent out who would any other way." probably never have thought of going if it had not found them. Humanly THE SUPREME METHOD speaking, the great advance of the last quarter century would have been impos- The supreme method of winning resible without the Movement's help. cruits is prayer. "This was Jesus' plan for getting more laborers into the wait- Yet the Student Volunteer Movement ing harvest field," said Doctor A. B. is not fully able to meet the demand. Curry of Memphis, Tenn., at a summer Owing to the expansion of the work and conference of the Southern Presbyterian the number of mission~ries who fall by Church.· "Pray ye therefore the Lord the way, the number of new recruits of the harvest that He will send needed every year is so great that the forth more laborers into His harvest. Boards are appealing to the churches In choosing His first twelve apostles He also to help find them. Especially is this spent the whole preceding night in true at the present time when so many prayer. One reason for praying laborers Boards are entering upon special cam- into the harvest field is that only those paigns that demand large increase in whom the Lord sends in answer to praymen and money. er are the right kind. Would that every "Most people think that the Student

laborer in our beloved Church were trasted with that which addresses itself prayed into his sacred office." to the heroic within us.

The annals of missionary history show The call to heroism meets with a how abundantly God has honored such heroic response. Make the Gospel hard prayer. In the autumn of 1881, when and you make it triumphant. If it is a the entire staff of the China Inland Mis- choice between self-sacrifice and selfsion numbered less than 100 mission- interest, the former will draw the strongaries, Hudson Taylor and his associates er men. began to pray for 70 new workers within three years. In the autumn of 1886 In other departments of life it is the they prayed again for 100 new mis'sion- appeal to the heroic which enlists strong aries in one year. In both instances natures. It is said that when Stanley more workers were given than they had wanted a few men to go with him on his asked for. last perilous African tour, he appealed for volunteers and within a few days Equally notable was the experience of had hundreds of eager applicants. the Church Missionary Society in 1884. Lieutenant Shackleton told me that when The need of workers was so great that a the expedition of The Discovery was day of special intercession was appointed. fitted out to attempt to reach the South By midnight, on the day preceding it, Pole, an appeal was made for several 100 men at a great awakening at Cam- men to join the company, and that virbridge had volunteered for foreign mis- tually the entire Channel Squadron volsions and the day of intercession was unteered. Trained nurses and physicians turned into a day of praise. are constantly exposing themselves to the great dangers of serious contagion. Tho prayer is the supreme method, and we look upon their heroic conduct God also honors the efforts of men. In as a matter of course. Think of the finding recruits as well as in all else, young men who left titles and estates, "prayer and pains, through faith in their homes and callings, their comfort Jesus Christ, will accomplish anything." and ease, and went to the shores of the Black Sea, to face famine and cold, pesti- APPEALING TO THE HEROIC * lence and cannon, before the walls of Sebastopol. In every war we witness BY JOHN R. MOTT, NEW YORK CITY the same spectacle of heroism.

Appealing to the heroic is the surest In the Church in other days heroic way to enlist men in the service of natures have risen up for the hard tasks Christ. It is at this point that so many before them. Has not the Christian addresses and appeals make their failure. Church furnished an unbroken line of The appeals which lay hold of strong martyrs and confessors? Has not every men are not those which set forth the great battlefield of the Church been won' attractions and compensations and ad- at the cost of lives gladly given for the vantages of Christian work. A psycho- sake of Christ? Paul did not shrink logical study of youth would suggest the from his call, even tho it was accomfutility of this basis of appeal as con- panied with the warning, "I will show him how great things he must suffer for * Reprinted from The Sunday School Times. my name's sake." This article, which appeared some years ago, is of very great value, not only in winning recruits The appeal to the heroic is being honfor the mission field, but in all other lines of ored in the Church to-day. President Christian effort. The Best Methods editor desires Warren, of Boston University, was reto testify how much she herself has been helped cently speaking of a sermon he heard by it. Ignoring the principles it so ably sets forth preached by a Roman Catholic friar in is one of the most frequent causes of failure. The sugar-coating now so universally used in attempting to win people (especially young people and children) to the service of Christ is not only un· necessary, but unprofitable likewise.

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Milan, who, in appealing to the mothers known and obeyed in the cities of our in the audience to give their sons to the continent; to redeem towns, villages and priesthood, pictured with great vividness rural districts; to lay Christian foundathe hardships of the ministry rather than tions in the new states and provinces of its delights. our great West; to grapple successfully with the serious, social problems' of our A member of the Reformed Church Mission Board recently stated in my day; to wage it triumphant warfare hearing that they were able to get more recruits for Arabia, their most difficult throughout the non-Christian world. field, than for any of their other mis- The highest call that comes to young sions. Professor Roper, of the General Theological Seminary of New York, said men is, as Mazzini has said, "Come and that in England in his day, the ablest suffer." There is a vicarious element in men offered themselves for Central strong young men that needs to be called Africa and that, so far as he knew, that out and exercised. There is a deep truth most difficult field was never under- in the words of Illingworth, "The manned. Fourteen of his own class- pleasures of each generation evaporate mates were buried there. in air; it is their pains that increase the spiritual momentum of the world." The Student Volunteer Movement, during its twenty years' history, has had THE JOY OF SACRIFICE the largest number of volunteers offer themselves for the most difficult fields. Appealing to the heroic is, as Doctor In fact, the principal secret of the power Mott has shown, the surest way to win and success of this movement is the fact recruits for the mission field. But the that it constantly presents the hardships rewards of service and the joys of sacriand trials, the conflicts and sacrifices, in- fice should be emphasized likewise. This. volved in the world's evangelization. Men too, was the Master's method. He him· of heroic mold respond to this chal- self, "for the joy that was set before lenge.* Him, endured the crosS' and despised the shame," and He never calls his followers Let it not be forgotten that the appeal to difficult tasks without offering them to the heroic was also Christ's way. He large rewards for faithful service. "Be never hid His scars to win a disciple. thou faithful unto death and I will give "Lord, I will follow Thee whithersoever thee a crown of life," is but one of many Thou goest." … Do you know where I such promises. am going? I am going to die. He held out no assurrance of an easy career or Few persons are so happy as those who exemption from suffering, sacrifice and are doing the work God has given them, death. The tenth chapter of Matthew is even when it is difficult. "Blessed is he the most wonderful charge ever given who has found his work," says Carlyle; by a leader to his followers. "let him ask no other blessedness. He has a work, a life-purpose; he has found The call to the Christian ministry to- it and will follow it." day is a call to the heroic. It requires the highest heroism to make Christ On the other hand few persons are more miserable than those who know * A recent illustration is found in the experience there is a God-appointed task awaiting them and are "disobedient to the heavenof two recruiting officers in an English college. ly vision." To all snch the one way to The first sought recruits for India and assured the joy is surrrender. Years ago we heard students that the work was not difficult. the so· the story of a young women, exceptionciety pleasant. and that good homes with plenty ally beautiful in character, who steadof ~ervants w0111d be provided. But no one fastly refused to accept Christ and enoffered to go. Not long after the other came. He was seeking men for the Kongo to fill places made vacant by death. "It will most likely mean death to you, too," was his blunt {"nding. Yet six men at once yolunteeredl-B. M. B.

rol1 herself with His people. She was on the way out to China, I got the first miserably unhappy, but no one knew home letters and I still remember how why. my heart sank and a great darkness came over me as I read them. It seemed as After many months a change came, tho everything was slipping away. and with radiant face and almost over- Suddenly I heard a call ring out-'All's whelming joy, she gave herself to God. clear now, sir!' It was a sailor in the "1 have resisted long," she said, "tho I rigging and at once there came the caphave wanted to come all the while. But tain's order, 'Steam ahead!' I was sure that if I did come, God would ask me to go to China and I didn't want "To me it was a voice from God. Liftto go. 'But now I have come and God is ing my tear-stained face I said, 'All's going to send me to China. And I am so clear now, Lord, between my soul and happy-happier than ever before." Thee.' Never before had God seemed so near nor so dear, and my whole being There is a joy in sacrifice far beyond was filled with a deep peace and a wonwhat many of us know. "Suppose a derful joy." dozen men, taken at random, were asked to tell of the happiest day they ever A PLACE FOR YOU spent," says Doctor John T. Faris in The Westminster Teacher. "What a Work on the mission field has now revelation of character the answers become so varied that almost any consewould be! Once a boy eight years of crated Christian worker could find a task age was asked to tell of his happiest there suited to his capabilities. "Mission- Christmas. 'The Christmas father got aries should cover every known profeshis gun,' was the eager response-a re- sion," says Bishop Brent, "from a docsponse full of significance to those who tor to a carpenter, from a housekeeper knew how many pleasures he had sacri- to a seamstress." ficed in order to buy the gun. In like manner Livingstone declared, 'The For most of the work a college eduhappiest day of my life was the day cation seems a necessity and one's trainwhen I decided to give myself to ing can hardly be too broad. Yet there Africa' ; and Garibaldi said, 'The are positions which men and women of happiest night I ever spent was the night limited education can fill very well. after I made up my mind, let what would Neither the printer recently sent to come, my life should be spent in the Africa by the American Board nor the cause of Italy's liberation.''' mechanic sent to the Kongo by the Southern Presbyterian Church were Are you sure that you are doing the college men, yet they are proving exwork that God wants you to do? If not ceedingly useful. you would better face the question squarely, for you can never know the Tho few Boards would be willing to fulness of joy, the truest success in ser- send them out, even illiterate persons, if vice, nor the blessedness of unbroken their hearts were on fire for God, could communion with God unless you go find a work to do on the field. One of where He wants' you to go and do what the most touching stories in missionary He wants you to do. history is that of "Black Amy," a nurse maid in the family of Doctor Scudder, "I had one of the loveliest homes in who pleaded so hard to go with them to all England," said Geraldine Guinness India to care for little Maria that the Taylor at a missionary conference in American Board at last gave their con- New Orleans in.190l; "a home that was sent. For years' she rendered great service a bit of heaven on earth and it nearly to the Scudders in raising their large broke my heart to leave it. At Naples,

EACH RECRUIT BRINGS

ADAPTING MILITARY RECRUITING POSTERS TO CHRISTIAN MISSIONS

QUESTIONS to men 4 QUESTIONS to

, who have not enlisted who have ~ enlisted 1. IF you are physically fit and be- 1. IF you are physically and sPirituallY? fit and belong to the followers of tween 19 and 38 years of age, are? Christ, whatever your age, are )Iou really satisfied with what yOU are • you really satisfied with what you doing to-day are doing to-day • 2. Do you feel happy as you walk alOng? the streets and know that other 2. Do you fe ~l happy as you walk alOng? Christians are in the King's service • while you are shirking the streets and see other men wear- 3. What will you say when men ask? ing the King's uniform • you "Why did not you do something worth while to help your fellow men • 3. What will you say in years to come? win in the great conflict with evil"

when people ask you "Where did 4. What will you answer when your? Lord asks you "Why were not you you serve in the great war" • an active soldier in the life-giving • army of the King of kings." 4. What will you answer, when your? children grow up and say, "Father, . ENLIST TO-DAY why weren't you a soldier, too" • ENLIST TO-DAY BRITAIN is FIGHTING MISSIONARIES are WORKING for the for the FREEDOM of EUROPE SALVATION of ALL MEN and to and to DEFEND your MOTHERS, SET FREE the MEN, WOMEN WIVES and SISTERS and CHILDREN of all NATIONS from the HORRORS of WAR from IGNORANCE and SIN ENLIST NOW ENLIST NOW THE WORLD WAR THE SPIRITUAL WAR MILITARY POSTERS ADAPTED TO APPEALS FOR MISSIONARY RECRUITS

DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

Are you listening, waiting, A RECRUITING HOUR * watching for God's can? Or are you so absorbed in your own MARY LOUISE DANIELS, WELLESLEY, MASS. plans that you turn a deaf ear? President of the Woman's Board of Missions, Congregational Church Do you keep within calling distance? Or are you "sitting A Recruiting Hour-what is that? at ease" so far away from your A possibility of help in securing the Lord that you do not hear Him fifty new missionaries for whom we aim saying, "Go ye into all the in the Board's Jubilee Increase Cam- world ?"-MARY CLOKEY POR- paign. Where and when is the "Hour"? TER. It is an hour which is to be, perhaps by the influence of you who read this. family of future missionaries and more It may be created as a timely feature than once Doctor Scudder speaks in his of a Branch meeting, a local union gathletters of her succeS's in preaching Christ ering, a young woman's rally, or an auxto natives in like class with herself. We iliary meeting. sometimes wonder whether the new ver- Those who plan for such a service sion of Mark 16 :15-"Go ye into all the will be actuated by two ideas: 1. There world, ye that are college graduates"- is a compelling need back of the appeal is entirely pleasing to God. for recruits in the missionary ranks. 2. There are possibilities of response The Student Volunteer Movement re- through the agency of this present body cently issued the following list of posi- of women. tions for which workers are needed: SUGGESTIONS FOR A RECRUITING SERVICE Preachers to train native workers. Pastors for English-speaking churches. Scripture: John iv. 34-36; Matt. ix. Teachers in English, French, German, 36-38; Acts xiii. 2-5; Isaiah vi. 8. music, mathematics. agriculture, chemistry. manual training, biology. Brief comment might bring out four Physicians and surgeons. prominent thoughts from these verses, Civil, mecranical, electrical, sanitary and mining engineers. VIZ. : Physical directors. Architects and supervising builders. The readiness of the non-Christian world. Stenographers, printers, kindergartners, The value of prayer in finding workers. nurses and Bible-women. The .Spirit of God as the real Commis- SIOner. The willing attitude of the chosen one.

11" Reprinted from Life and Light. In connec- tion with their Jubilee Increase Campaign, the Women's Board of Missions, Congregational Chtlrch, aims to have 50 new missionaries on the field or under appointment by November, 1917, when their Golden Jubilee will be celebrated.

I shall never fBrget the struggle I went through in making this decision. For six years I would not listen to the call. Thank God for the Kansas City Convention! I refused to attend it but the delegates brought back with them the inspiration and vision they received and were the means of my honestly facing the question with God-the thing I refused to do in the past.

How happy I have been since I made the complete surrender of my life! I now stand ready to go wherever my Lord would have me ga.-From the letter of a recent volunteer.* '* Published as a leaflet by the Student Volunteer Movement, 600 Lexington Avenue, New York.

Two or three out of five kinds of talks in its scope recruits for the mission field would be necessary to set forth the need, and leadership in Christian work in the and to make the appeal forcefuL Sup- home churches.

pose these five talks to be upon- "Thousands of young people are drift- 1. The broad foreign missionary field as ing into various lines of activity with- it cries for workers to-day. (5 minutes.) out ideals and objective," says The As- (See The Call of the World, by W. E. sembly Herald, "and they are not being Doughty, pages 44-60 and 81-85, and taught the great principles entering into The King's Business, pages 24-35.) the true choice of a life-calling. God can 2. Harvest fields in our own Board. truly call one into the business of bank- ing, or into law or medicine or journal- (3 minutes.) 3. A supreme need and a joy-giving ism, or even into farming and chicken- opportunity. raising, for honest toil can be made to (A returned missionary.) yield large returns to God and society. 4. Why I said, "Lord, send me 1" But we should set before the young peo- (A volunteer under appointmeut.) ple the needs of the Church and the voca- 5. The practical issue, "Vhat can we tions controlled and supported by it. The do here and now about recruits?" world ought not to be allowed to monopo- (The interest aroused should eventuate lize the strongest, brightest and best in some form of activity; perhaps a committee. to pass on suggestions to local lead- of our young people. The needs of the ers for auxiliary recruiting services. In kingdom should be set before them while case of the latter, the pastor might be asked to preach on a related sub- they are yet in our Sunday-schools, high j ect; the Sunday-school and Y. P. S. C. E. schools and colleges."

missionary committees to give space for Increased attention is being given to presenting missionary opportunities to. young people. In a young woman's rally the vocational principle throughout the would not some personal follow-up effort religious world, and many organizations, be in place?) both denominational and interdenomina- tional, are conducting vocational cam- There should be time definitely re- paigns. Many of the Women's Boards served for prayers, that the Lord "send of Missions now employ student secreforth laborers into his harvest." taries who visit the colleges in the hope of winning young women not only Much impressive work could be done to service on the mission field but to in a service of thirty minutes, set in the leadership in the' work in the home heart of a Branch meeting. Twenty churches. The fact that 12,000 Presbyminutes would give good opportunity in terian girls alone graduate every year a smaller local gathering. A mission- from colleges, normal and high schools ary and a volunteer, in many cases, are shows how broad the field is and how not available. But through some of the important the work. suggestions given above, and others which may occur to you, I believe we Vocation Day is' a good thing to Incan arouse a new spirit of eager quest augurate in any church. Abundant mafor the recruits needed.

VOCATION DAY terial for it is now available in the Vocation Day, recently inaugurated in way of services, leaflets and pledge the Sunday-school and Young People's cards. Some of the best things we have Society by several denominations. af- seen along this line may be obtained from fords an excellent opportunity to implant the' Rev. Henry H. Sweets, D.D., secre- in the hearts of the young an impulse tary of the Executive Committee of Min- toward missionary service. Tho origin- isterial Education in the Southern Pres- ally designed to meet the demand for byterian Church, 232 Fourth Avenue, young men for the ministry, it includes Louisville, Ky.

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The following pledge card* used by pected to work definitely to secure other the secretaries of the Student Department recruits and they were brought to these of the International Young Men's Chris- quarterly meetings where there were tian As'sociation, which does a large v,o- brief addresses made on the need of cational work, will serve to show what Christian workers/the call to the ministry is being attempted. On the reverse side and the opportunities for service in the the card says: "Think over prayerfully home and foreign fields. Any member what is implied for you in. signing this of the order who was not able to be card. Sign it. Memorize it. Keep it in present, sent a letter, and received a letyour Bible. Test your purposes by it ter from the corresponding secretary. In daily." this way we kept constantly in communi- catio!1 with all the members. Believing that there are great possibilities in it for other churches, we have "Once a year the organization gave a asked Doctor Watson to tell us how it reception to the boys and young men works, and he has kindly done so as of the church, when one or two speakfollows: ers were appointed to present the claims of the Christian ministry. This' served "The Order of Recruits was organized to keep all the boys and young men of in Canada," he says. "The society we the church in touch with the order, to inhad in Cincinnati was designed to gather terest them in the success of the recruits together all the young men in the church and to keep clearly before them their who had definitely decided to g-ive them- own responsibility for making a deciselves to Christian work, or were thinking of doing so. They met four times SIOn. a year with the pastor of the church and a member of the session who acted as "We consider that the work in Cincorresponding secretary of the order. cinnati was very successful. So far we have not been able to organize anything "Each member of the order was ex- of the kind here, not having the nucleus to begin with. But we hope eventually • Order from Association Press, 125 East 28th to do so." Street, New York. 50 cents per 100 copies.

A CHRISTIAN'S FUNDAMENTAL LIFE WORK DECISION I will live my life under God for others rather than for myself; for the advancement of the Kingdom of God rather than my personal success.

I will not drift into my life work but will do my utmost by prayer, investigation, meditation and service to discover that form and place of life work in which I can become of the largest use to the Kingdom of God.

As I find it I will follow it under the leadership of Jesus Christ, wherever it take me, cost what it may.

Signed……… , ………. , …….. .

ROLLS OF HONOR inscribed on a tablet or an illuminated Have any missionaries gone forth from roll placed where it will be constantly your church? If so, have you commem- reminding the young people of the misorated their going in any special way? sionary career. The Park Avenue Bap- "It is a good plan," says John R. Matt, tist Church, Rochester, N. Y., has such "to have the names of any missionaries a tablet." who have gone forth from your church Another church which honors its mis-

sionaries in this way is the Clarendon "The roll in the church at Utica tes- Street Baptist Church, Boston, Mass., of tifies that the Lord accepted the gift in answer to a mother's prayers and in acwhich Doctor A. J. Gordon was pastor cordance with her vow. The boys were about seven and thirteen respectively for so many years. In July, 1895, at the when their mother thus publicly consetime of the International Christian En- crated them to the work of foreign misdeavor Convention, we saw on the wall sions; and it is worthy of note, for the above the platform in the vestry a roll comfort of other parents whose consecraof honor with the names of 19 mission- tion of their children does not seem to be aries and evangelists who had gone forth accepted, that at the time of their mothto preach the Gospel in mission fields. er's death neither boy had any idea what- ever of being a missionary. Away back in 1887, The Church at Home and Abroad gave an account of "Of the others whose names are on two rolls of honor which at that time this roll much could doubtless be said of were hanging almost side by side in the their devoted services in the fields where Sabbath-school room of the First Pres- they have toiled or are still toiling. May byterian Church, Utica, N. Y. "On one the length of that roll continue to inof these," it says, "are inscribed the crease and similar roUs be multiplied unnames of fifteen sons and daughters of til every Sabbath-school in our land shall the school who have given themselves to have sons and daughters in the mission the Lord in the work of foreign missions. field." On the other are the names of sixteen who were once boys in the school and This is a remarkable record and we have entered the Gospel ministry. A hope sometime to know something of the noble record surely! Fifteen missionaries causes that led up to it. Through the of the cross and sixteen ministers of the courtesy of Mr. George E. Rendell, who Gospel. It is well to give these rolls a has been superintendent of the school conspicuous place that these noble bands for the past four years, we are able to may have grateful remembrance and that tell of the additions made to the rolls the members of the Sabbath-school may since 1887. be incited to a holy emulation." "The two rolls of honor still hang THE ORDER OF RECRUITS in our Sunday-school room," he says, and a third has been added with the A new movement has been launched in names of twelve others who have enthe Canadian· Presbyterian Church, the tered the ministry from our church or object of which is winning recruits for Sunday-school, making twenty-eight altothe ministry and the mission field. It gether. We regret to admit that, tho is known as "The Order of Recruits." our school always pays a great deal of attention to missionary work, the roll of To a limited extent it is being· tried in missionaries has not increased in the the United States as well. While pas- same way. There is but one new name tor of the Church of the Covenant, Cin- on that list-the name of Miss Annie cinnati, Ohio, the Rev. Robert Watson, Montgomery, our missionary in Persia, D.D., now pastor of the Scotch Pres- whom the church and Sunday-school and byterian Church, New York City, organ- other organizations of the church supized an Order of Recruits in his church. port entirely. One young woman from After a stirring address by a stranger, the our Sunday-school expects to be a misplate was passed. Mrs. Williams had no sionary and is now in training as a nurse money with her, but tearing the fly-leaf in one of the hospitals in our city." out of the hymn-book and borrowing a pencil from the lady next to her, she wrote, 'I give two sons,' and placed the slip of paper on the plate. A REVIEW OF THE REVIEW with material for sermons and mission- ary meetings. During this period came FOR ten years after its founding- the series of "Miracles of Missions," from 1878 to 1887-the REVIEW was "Rem'arkable Answers to Prayer," and published in Princeton, New Jersey, "Monthly Missionary Co.ncert Notes." under the ownership and editorship of The circulation of the REVIEW increased the honored missionary Rev. Royal G. Wilder, for thirty years in India. and many a: volunteer, many a pastor, The REVIEW was started as a quarterly, many a Christian steward traced his first with strong editorial convictions' as to or great missionary impulse to the powmissionary policies and methods. The erful appeals, the convincing arguments, Mission Boards were freely criticized and or the compelling facts presented in the new policies recommended by the editor REVIEW. Then other features were added: who had had valuable missionary experi- maps, illustrations, a long list of editorial ence on the foreign field. correspondents in foreign lands and at home, and yearly statistics of all the for- Statistics of mission work were given eign missionary societies of the world. a large place in the pages of the REVIEW, but only foreign work was con- The editorial staff included, at various sidered. The union of home and for- times, Rev. James M. Sherwood, D.D., eign had not yet taken place in the think- author of the Life of David Brainerd ing of most Christians. and one of the editors of the Homiletic Review; Rev. John T. Gracey, D.D., , In those days missionary periodical formerly a missionary in India and literature was so inadequate that the author of several volumes. Rev. Dela- Missionary Herald of the American van L. Leonard, D.D., who had been a Board was almost the only magazine in home mission pastor in Utah, and the America devoted to missions that stood author of "A Hundred Years of Misout as worthy of attention. The REVIEW sions," and other volumes; beloved Dr. easily came immediately into the front rank and exerted a strong influence on A. J. Gordon of Boston; Rev. Charles missioriary secretaries, on pastors and their churches, and on individual workers C. Starbuck, as translator and statisand organizations. tician; Rev. F. B. Meyer, the well-known Baptist clergyman and author, of Lon- When Dr. Arthur T. Pierson-then don, England; the Rev. J. Stuart Holden, the busy pastor of Bethany Presbyterian rector of St. Paul's Chapel, Portman Church of Philadelphia-became editor Square, London; and Rev. Louis Meyer, in 1888, the REVIEW immediately took a an unusually brilliant and consecrated great leap forward. The critical note Hebrew Christian, who rendered noble was largely omitted and a constructive service in translating Jewish notes and policy was introduced. The aim of the statistics. Of these, Dr. Leonard alone editors was to present the foundation remains with the REVIEW. principles, the best ideals and the most wonderful facts of both home and for- The list of writers in the pages of the eign missions in a way that would arrest magazine would make a galaxy of the attention and would stimulate pastors and world's greatest missionary' advocates, other workers and would furnish them statesmen, givers and martyrs.

Every field has been presented-its needs, its history, its development, its Naturally, as business has enlarged and great missionaries and converts and its great things have been undertaken, the problems and possibilities. The pictures MISSIONARY REVIEW with its few thouand maps make the whole world pass in sand circulation has not been able to review before the eye, and the notices claim a large share of the publisher's atof missionary books give a clear idea of tention, and it has seemed best to make new the whole range of missionary literature. arrangements whereby a special board A reading of the REVIEW has been and is of directors could take over the REVIEW a liberal missionary education. The and publish it, not as a commercial enterbound volumes form a library, a thesau- prise but as a missionary undertaking. rus covering the world field. After much thought, conference and In 1911, the full editorial control prayer, a board was organized, made up passed to the present editor who first of representatives of various home and joined the staff as managing-editor, on foreign mission interests, as follows: leaving college twenty-five years ago. Robert E. Speer (Presbyterian Board of None could take the place of the gifted Foreign Missions), President; Frank L. and honored editor-in-chief who, for Brown (Secretary of the World's Suntwenty-four years, had set missionary day-school Association), Vice-President; fires burning with his facts, his devotion, VValter McDougall, Treasurer; Prof. and his spiritual power. But friends re- Harlan P. Beach, secretary of the Yale mained true and, in spite of many diffi- Mission in China; Dr. Charles R. Watculties, the REVIEW has continnued to be son, United Presbyterian Board of Forblest and to be a blessing. In 1914, Miss eizn Missions, and now president-elect Belle M. Brain joined the staff as the able of Cairo University, Egypt; Mrs. Henry editor of the Best Methods department, W. Peabody, Federation of Woman's and Rev. S. B. Rohold of Toronto and Boards of Foreign Missions; Mrs. A. F. Mrs. F. M. Gilbert, formerly of India Schauffier, representing City and Forand China, rendered valuable assistance in translation and the news department. eign Missions; Fleming H. Revell, mem- There has also been a most helpful edi- ber of the Presbyterian Board of Home torial council made up of men and women Missions; Dickinson VV. Richards, lawof home and foreign mission boards. yer; Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary and Editor. God has clearly guided the REVIEW in the past, and as we stand at the threshold With the next number-October-the of a new beginning, we believe that He REVIEW is to appear under the auspices will still guide and use the REVIEW to of the new company. The editor's re- His Glory. lations with the publishers have always been of the most friendly nature and BREAKING HOME TIES the firm has kindly facilitated the trans- fer with the utmost courtesy. FOR the past twenty-nine years the home of the REVIEW has bc<:n the W e besp~ak. from friends in every offices of the Funk and vVagnalls CD., land their continued cooperation and who for that period have been the owners friendship, and hope that they will help and publishers. They began as a small us to improve the REVIEW and to promote organization – the publishers of the its usefulness. The best days are before Homiletic Review and of religious books us, with God's blessing. for preachers. As time has gone on, the firm has developed into a great publish- Kindly address all communications in ing firm, famous for the great Standard future to the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBdictionaries and the world-renowned Lit- LISHING COMPANY, 156 Fifth Avenue, erary Digest with a circulation of nearly New York City (corner of 20th St.). 500,000 copies a week.

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MISSIONADY NEWS JAPAN-CHOSEN indulgences, works of supererogation, pope, archbishops, abbots, abbesses, Use of Tracts in Japan monks, neophytes, relics and relic-wor- ship, etc." C HRISTIAN workers in Japan are finding opportunities in all sorts of o A Christian Maternity hospital places for the distribution of tracts. From R. HEZEKIAH R. SAIKI'S materthe girls working in the cotton mills of nity hospital in Kyoto is the oldest Osaka to the Japanese naval men in the of the kind in the Japanese empire. In islands of the South Seas, printed matter a quarter of a century it has sent out finds a welcome. Many tracts have been from its training school 1,200 nurses and distributed among railway men, and books midwives, and has given free treatment have been placed in prison libraries. to over 25,000 poor women and children. Christian booklets helped to decorate the Dr. Saiki, the director, is a devout man. Christmas tree for the lepers at Kuma- Evangelistic meetings are held at the moto, and on a street in Osaka where hospital and a distinct religious atrilOsthere are ten theaters within five blocks phere characterizes all the work. The tracts are being constantly distributed. nurses go to the homes of the poor, car- The companies of pilgrims who visit ing for women in confinement without Nikko and the thousands who assemble charge. Dr. Gorbold of the Presbyterian for the annual spring festival at the Fox mission in Kyoto writes that sometimes Shrine offer a great field for this sort of these patients are so poor that the nurses work, but. perhaps there is no better have taken the clothing from their own time to reach people with Christian lit- backs to help them. Fifty thousand dolerature than at the expositions which lars is to be raised to place the hospital are held at various centers. At one on a permanent basis. Dr. Saiki believes such exposition the authorities offered that he can contribute one half of this the missionaries a special tent for their himself, if his life be spared. For the work. balance he seeks the aid of those who have women's welfare and the cause of Romanism and Buddhism the poor at heart.

REV. DR. WM. E. GRIFFIS, the A Christian Silk Mill former missionary to the Japanese, says: "Almost everything that is dis- T HE influence of Christian business tinctive in the Roman Catholic form of men is coming to be a real force in Christianity is to be found in Buddhism: the commercial life of Japan. One of images, pictures, lights, altars, incense, the most striking instances of this is to vestments, masses, beads, way sid e be found in the silk industry. It is said shrines, monasteries, nunneries, celibacy, of a Christian silk factory in Osaka: "So fastings, vigils, retreats, pilgrimages, high is the grade of silk thread promendicant vows, shorn heads, orders, duced, and so uniform and reliable the habits, uniforms, nuns, convents, pur- quality, that it alone of all the factories gatory, saintly and priestly intercession,

in Japan is able to export its product few Japanese are employed are visited direct to the purchasing firm in the regularly by trained secretaries. United States, which buys the entire output at an annual cost of about $5,000,000, The May number of the American and without intermediate inspection at Railroad Association 111agazine contained Yokohama." several pages in Japanese, dealing with the movement in Korea, and many copies The explanation of this is to be found of the magazine were mailed to Japan. in the way Mr. Hatano, the head of the company, has sought to develop Christian A Men'. Home Missionary Society character along with technical skill. Many filatures have attempted to imitate REV. WILLIAM B. HUNT, of Chai him with identical machinery, raw pro- Ryung, Chosen, writes: "Our little duct, and business method, but have failed to reach his standard, because, as girl sings the doxology quite approprihe says, they have neglected the factor ately-'Praise God from whom all blessof character. ings flow, praise Him all preachers here below,' and we feel sure the preachers Korean Railway Y. M. C. A. would praise Him more if they could only know the work as it is being car- T HE development of the railway sys- ried on in different parts of the world. tem of Chosen during the last few The women of the Chai Ryung Church years has not only been a civilizing force, for several years have had a missionary but by linking the Far East with the society which has sought to send out Trans-Siberian Railway, it has brought women preachers into needy fields, to Europe four weeks nearer to Asia. study missions, and to direct and encour- Japanese compariies have administered age personal work in the local field. Inthe railways in Chosen and Manchuria. spired by the women, the men of the In Chosen they are directly under the church have organized under the direccontrol of the Japanese government, and tion of the session, and have been workabout 5,000 of the 9,000 men employed ing for some time without, however, doare Japanese. The Young Men's Chris- ing anything in a financial way. A few tian Association has been asked to un- of these men saw on a map a section dertake work among this large body of marked off in which are 26,000 persons, railway employes, and tho special adap- only 123 of whom are Christians, and tations of the Association in organization among whom was only one paid worker, and in method were necessary, practi- a helper. Comparing it with their own cally the same methods are pursued on section where there are only 20,000 perthe South Manchuria Railway, and on sons of whom 3,000 are Christians, nine the Chosen Railway system as are gener- being paid workers, they were awakened ally in effect in the United States. This to the great disparity. More than enough work is entirely administered and money to support two men was subscribed financed by the Japanese themselves and without delay both men, one from through secretaries trained .in the Japa- their own number, were chosen and nese Young Men's Christian ASBociation. sent." There is a line of clubhouses from Fusan to Harbin and from Harbin to Port T Teats for Church Membership Arthur where the railway employes may HE work that requires perhaps the spend their leisure hours and find the largest amount of time in the misrest and recreation which are necessary sionary pastor's round of visitation to keep them in a state of efficiency, and among his country churches is the holdeven the remote stations where only a ing of examinations. In the Presbyterian mission there are two classes or grades of membership; the catechumen and the

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baptized or full membership. Two or they are not content with receiving the three candidates of the same sex, and, if Gospel message just for themselves. possible, about the same age or degree of Many of them go out every Sunday into knowledge are called at a time. The suburban places and tell others the story examining committee is the session if the of Jesus." church has elders, if not-the native Korean helper in charge of that circuit Grinnell College Plans for China of churches and the local leader of the church. Some candidates appear with GRINNELL COLLEGE, Iowa, is the manifest "fear and trembling." A few latest of the American colleges to break out in cold sweat as the questions of the examiner probe deep into the undertake the support of a definite edknowledge and conduct of the examined. ucational enterprise in mission lands, and Drinking, idol-worship, sacrificing to has chosen for its field a part of the spirits of dead ancestors, Sabbath break- Province of Shantung, China. Mr. A. B. ing, family rows-they must give evi- DeHaan, a graduate of Grinnell and a dence that such sins as these are all put missionary of the American Board, has away. There must be unusually justify- formulated a plan the main features of ing circumstances to account for the un- which are: belief of a husband or wife, else the believing partner can not be accepted for The establishment of a large number full membership. Ordinarily the exam- -probably hundreds-of day-schools ceniners insist on the conversion of the tering about Techow, in which thousands other partner as a proof of the real faith of pupils will receive the beginnings of and consistent example of the professing Christian education. Christian. One Korean brother now rejoices that his pastor even compelled The further training for boys and girls him to 'Nait for baptism till he taught his in the two academies already estabwife to read. lished.

CHINA The providing of three professorships at Shantung University, where higher Reaching the Chinese Literati education will be provided for promising students. "pERHAPS the greatest single piece of work I have seen done, in all An annual budget of $4,000 for the girls' schools, boys' schools, and for the my missionary experience, is that of support of an educational director. the Faoehow Institutional Church," writes Dr. John Gowdy, president of the An endowment of $100,000, the income Anglo-Chinese Methodist College in that of which shall go for the support of city. "It works chiefly among the of- Grinnell's representatives in the Shanficial and literary classes. So its aim tung University at Tsinanfu. differs from that of the American institutional church. The staff head and his The American Board has promised cothree closest associates are all graduates operation in the financial part of that unof our college. dertaking, and nine Grinnell men have already volunteered to fill the posts in "At a recent revival, services were question. held every evening for a week, with an average attendance of six or seven Encouragement in Weat China hundred. It seems almost incredible when one realizes that these literary A SHANGHAI newspaper, printed in aristocrats used to be untouchable. And Chinese, refers to the notable Chris- tian progress in Yungchang, West China. For instance, a new place of worship has lately been dedicated in a town where the Rev. J. F. Peat, the Methodist missionary in charge of the district, was the first white man to preach, less than

a year ago. Dr. Peat in a letter to the spirit." He surely has a finer apprecia- Methodist Board of Foreign Missions, tion of the Book than is shown by many tells of some significant things that are who are "church-members."

taking place. He writes of one school TPeking Medical College Progress with an enrolment of seventy-five boys, HE plans for the Union Medical which so overtaxed the capacity of the building that the native teacher borrowed College in Peking, which the a Buddhist temple. The trustees of this Rockefeller China Medical Board hopes temple gave the Christian teacher and his to make a Christian medical college of boys a very hearty welcome, and provided a grade second to none anywhere in the all the furniture needed. world, have so far progressed that the From Chengtu Rev. J. M. Yard writes: Board of Trustees has been organized "Led by the Social Service Committee of and gotten to work. The Board con- the Young Men's Christian Association, sists of thirteen men, six of whom 150 men took part recently in the distri- (three English and three American) bution of anti-tuberculosis literature. are appointed by the six cooperating mis- Some were sold and some were given sions which work in Peking, and seven away. We sold 4,500 calendars, telling appointed by the China Medical Board.

what to do to prevent tuberculosis. Dr. John R. Mott, who was chosen by Every street in the city was covered in the latter body as one of its seven rep- our campaign. It was fine to see the resentatives, has been elected chairman students willing to carry big bundles of of the Board. The entire medical plant tracts under their arms and to sell them of the London Missionary Society in on the streets. They were 'serving so- Peking has been purchased, and efforts ciety,' as they exprest it. But that sort are now being made to secure adjacent of thing is new in China. Such men have properties.

been 'brought up' on the Gospel. Here New buildings will be erected and in Chengtu there are accessions to the preparation made for receiving the first church almost every Sunday. On Easter regular class under the new adminis- day we baptized our first Moslem con- tration in the fall of 1917.

vert." The plan includes the highest possible Missionary-Not a "Church Member" instruction in all departments of medi- cine under the best experts to be found AN interesting incident is reported in in Europe and America. Close coopera- connection with the work of the tive relations will be maintained be- American Bible Society in China. Yung tween this great central plant and the T'ao, who is described as a philanthropist, mission hospitals in North China. but apparently not a Christian, bought 5,000 New Testaments to give away. Ac- SIAM AND LAOS companying each book was a slip bearing Conquering Spirit Worship the words, "Respectfully presented by T YungT'ao, who is not a church member." HE Lao people of Petchaburi and Ratburi, Siam, have not been very Mr. Yung told the representative of the Bible Society, "I have only just started responsive to the work of the Presby- on my work of Bible distribution. I terian mlsslOnaries. They are very dif- intend to put copies in every school in ferent from the Laos in the north of the whole of China, and into the hands Siam, and speak a separate dialect. Prac- of every teacher and official." It is the tically all are Buddhists, but the chief ob- opinion of the Bible Society representa- stacIe to their acceptance of Christianity tive that thi? man "is a humble follower has been the tenacity with which they of Jesus Christ, fully imbued with His have clung to the spirit worship of their

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forefathers. To give it up seems to them sible, to insure aggressive effort as soon too much like turning their dead rela- as possible." tives out of doors. "The Glad Conference" in Siam The missionaries now are approaching the people in a different way. With T HE Annual Petchaburi Conference great sympathy they are trying to show for Christians was held the 24th to the difference between the treatment the 26th of March. "We call it the 'Glad people receiv~d from their ancestors Conference,' " writes Rev. Paul A. Eakin, when they were living and the evil treat- of Petchaburi, Siam. "The word 'glad' ment that the spirits give them at pres- was used over and over again by old and ent. The missionaries tactfully suggest young, ignorant and educated. The genthat perhaps, after all, they are worship- eral subject was the work of the Holy ing not the ancestor but an evil spirit Spirit as seen in the Acts and applied that will do them harm. to present times. Sunday morning, four meetings were held simultaneously. The In a surprizing number of cases the Chinese meeting, led by Chinese evanpeople are very willing to accept this gelists, was held in the drawing-room explanation and abandon the supersti- of the new dwelling known as 'Sawat tious custom. Satan' (meaning pleasant place). The Junior Endeavorers held a joint meeting, Untrodden Ground in Siam leading themselves in the Dodge tent on the 'Sawat Satan' lawn. The women's D R. McCLURE, of the Presbyterian meeting was held in the Sunday-school Mission, sends this most interesting room, and the men had their meeting in account of his long journey to Roi Ett: the church. At the cqmmunion service "My recent tour into the little known in the afternoon, fifteen offered themnortheastern section of Siam was of selves for baptism, but only five were necessity more a work of investigation baptized, the rest being enrolled as catethan of extensive evangelistic work. chumens. One. of the best features of From an evangelistic point of view, our the conference was the fact that seventy chief aim was to scatter Christian lit- people from widely different country erature as widely and judiciously as pos- districts were present for the sessions." sible. On the trip we disposed of about 2,500 copies, largely in and about the city INDIA of Roi Ett; and it was chiefly free distribution. We also did some street Social Service in India preaching, and preached to those who came to our lodging places, outside the "A SOCIAL SERVICE BUREAU has city walls. Several audiences were thus instructed, the picture roll being used to been started in Bombay," writes attract. A very noticeable thing about Dr. F. B. Price, editor of the Indian the people was their approachableness Witness. "Some of the leading citizens and apparent lack of fear or suspicion. in Bengal believe that one should be Tho the children had seldom seen opened in Calcutta city also. It is sug- Europeans, very few of them showed gested that the following subjects be confear or disposition to run away, such as' sidered: we had seen in places nearer the Capital. While the prospect of being able to un- "Extent of misery among widows. The dertake work there soon is not bright, it number of undesirable matrimonial alshould certainly be considered by our liances. The condition of the untouch- Mission and some step be taken if pos- ables. The condition of the rural popu- lation. Causes which lead to the de- population of villages. The waste of money in litigation. The habits of the student population."

TA "Sadhu" Standing All Day for Christ tions of twenty years ago. Prayer is be- HE religious life of India to-day hind this great change. By humbly seek- presents no more striking phenomena ing the guidance of the Spirit of God than those connected with individuals we are taught how to approach the Muswho have gained some slight knowledge sulman. My experience is that we are of Christ, which they have distorted far more successful when we speak to and recast in the molds of their own him as a sinner than as a Mohammedan. religious thought and practise. Such a One has to refer to the Koran and to the character is a Brahman Sadhu, or holy Gospels, but they become side issues, and man, who sometimes attends the services as flanking movements they are more efin the Presbyterian mission in Etah, fective than for a frontal attack. If we North India. He is a man about sixty can touch the sinner, the Mohammedan years of age. Over twenty years ago, has to give way. That is my experience, while practising austerities high up on both in preaching and in private converthe Himalayas, and almost frozen, he sation."-Moslem World. was found by a missionary, taken to his home, warmed, fed, and clothed. The A Heathen's Idea of Baptism Gospel was preached to him, and as the man now thinks, he was told to give up A CM.S. missionary in Bharatpur, in the kind of austerities he was practising, and to go forth to stand for Jesus Christ Central India, was told by a man for twenty-four years. He took the vow who had once been drawn to Christianity to do so, and he may be found to-day, that he "feared the degradation and polliterally standing all day long, and he lution of baptism." When asked to exsays, all night, for Jesus Christ. He has plain, he related that he had been told not known Christ, nor has he taken ad- that a missionary, when baptizing a convantage of many opportunities to learn vert, performed the followil)g ritual: "A of Him, but it seems perfectly clear that string cot was produced, and the convert he has a deep reverence fdr Him, and has made to creep below it. The missionary to some extent told his followers about sat on the cot and took his bath; the ] esus. He has many followers in the soapy water fell on the convert, and thus districts' of Farukhabad, Mainpuri, and he was baptized." The mIsSIOnary Etah, and is promising to preach Christ writes: "You may wonder if it is posto them now in a new way. sible for such absurdities' to be men- tioned. Yes; far worse and more dis- A The Way to Reach Moslems gusting stories are publicly taught by the MISSIONARY in India writes con- enemies of Christ in this land." cerning the present possibilities of Moslem evangelism as follows: "1 am Homecoming of Young Princes more than ever convinced that India is at present the strategic point to reach AT the r~quest of the Maharaja of the Mohammedan world. I have worked Kohlapur, Mrs. Irwin, the widow of for twenty-eight years, partly among an American missionary, took charge of Mohammedans, and I have never seen the education of the two young princes' such a change in any community as I seven years ago. After spending two have noticed in the Mohammedans dur- years with them in England, she brought ing the past two years or so. They come them to this country for a tour in the in crowds to purch.ase books, Gospels summer of 1915. On their return to and the Psalms especially, and come with India, both Christians and non-Chrisgood questions-not the old routine ques- tians welcomed home the Maharaja's sons.

The Christian church at Kolhapur held special exercises, with elaborate

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decorations and speeches of congratula- Another graduate of the College is Mr. tion. A beautiful copy of the Scriptures Michail Dorzias, of Greece, now pursuing was presented to the young heir, who a post-graduate course at the University accepted it gratefully. of Pennsylvania. He is probably the strongest college athlete in the United Later the Europeans were all invited States, being undefeated as a college to the palace for the grand reception wrestler. Asked by a newspaper man given by the Maharaja. The visitors on when he did his special training, this entrance were bedecked with flowers, and clean-living, high-thinking young Greek the guests of honor were asked to stay replied: "I do not have to train. I am for tea. The "tea," which proved to be always in perfect condition. Why should a sumptuous feast, was served in the in- I not be?" ner courtyard of the palace, where all sat down directly opposite the private Turkey and the Zionists temple of the city goddess-her own devotees sitting calmly with shoes upon MR. HENRY MORGENTHAU, late their feet, alongside the defiling Euro- American Ambassador at Constanpeans, and all presided over by a Brah- tinople, in a speech at Cincinnati disman chief. To the missionaries this was closed the fact that he had broached to peculiarly significant as a sign of the the Turkish Ministry the advisability ot gradual breakdown of the caste system, their selling Palestine to the Zionists which is slowly becoming apparent in after the war. The Turkish Ministers, different parts of Ind:a. he said, eagerly approved of the project. They discust figures, and argued whether MOSLEMS IN ASIA Palestine should be converted into a re- pUblic. "I told them that if harbors Graduates of Robert College were built at Jaffa, half a million visitors would be attracted yearly to Jerusalem, FROM less than a hundred students each one of whom would spend $100." annually in the early da'ys of the col- "Why wait until you raise the money?" lege, the enrolment has grown to 550 in they responded. "We will grant con- 1913-14, the year before the war; drop- cessions now; so build your harbors and ping to 441 in 1914-15, the first year of hotels." Some years ago, when the late the war, with 20 nationalities repre- Dr. Herzl proposed to raise a sum of sented, Greeks 177, Armenians 68, Bul- money for the purpose now described, garians 64, Turks 55, Israelites 22, Al- the sum of two million pounds' was menbanians 12, etc., etc. It is a remarkable tioned as the price to be paid.-London indication of the intense desire for the Christian. education that Robert College offers that, in spite of the increased difficulties of the A Mysterious Postal Card situation because of the war, the College has enrolled at the present time about ASSUMING that the Turkish censor~ 500 students. No less remarkable are the are not Bible students, a clever friendly relations toward one another American nurse in Turkey sent to the that the students of the warring nations American Board a postal card which have maintained during these trying read: years. "We shall very soon have to test the One of the most distinguished gradu- first part of the twentieth verse of the ates of Robert College, for many years fifth chapter of Job and still sooner, even professor of the Bulgarian language and now, of the last of Psalm 91: 3. What a literature in that institution, is Hon. blessing to have a God who is true and Stephen Panaretoff, now Bulgarian Min- able! Lots of love to you all. Dr. ister at Washington.

Hamlin's famous mixture in demand ganized on the budget plan and the enhere." velop system of contributions has been adopted. It was agreed that two-fifths From the passages "In famine He of the money collected by envelops shaH redeem thee from death," "He shall should be used for evangelistic work in deliver thee . . . from the noisome pes- Teheran and other parts of Persia, onetilence," and from the fact that the mix- fifth for foreign missionary work, oneture referred to is used in cholera cases, fifth for local church expenses, and the Board infers that famine and cholera one-fifth for the poor. The pledges were are raging in the part of Turkey from not all that could be desired, but a beginwhich the message comes. ning has been made in systematic giving and spending for the Lord, and the mis- Armenian Workers in Arabia sionaries are hoping that mnch will be accomplished along this line. SOME of the most devoted workers in the Arabian Mission of the Re- The schools have been adversely af- formed Church in America are Ar- fected by the war in the matter of tuimellian men and women who were tion. At the time when the tuition fees brought up and trained'in American or- are usually paid, the people were buying phanages and schools in Armenia, and extra supplies, and since that time the -who have offered themselves for this prices of many necessities have greatly work among Moslems. The journey increased. All imported goods have infrom their home is over a thousand miles, creased enormously in price and native and they are foreign missionaries almost products have also risen. In spite of all as much as the Americans themselves. this the receipts of the boys' boarding These Armenians receive from the mis- department are in excess of their exsion a third of the sat"ary they would ob- penditures. tain in government and commercial employ. They have endured separation EUROPE from their families and friends. Some of them have not received news of their A British Missions to Jews wives and children since before the war. T the annual meeting of the Lon- They also have suffered persecution for don Jews Society, Rev. C. H. Gill their purpose. reported that in spite of the many difficulties attending the work in coun- One of these young men has come tries affected by the war, only two to Arabia to dedicate his life to win to stations, those at Cracow and Lem- Christ those whose co-religionists had berg, had been closed. At W arsa w, made his sister and himself orphans. Hamburg and some other places, the Moreover, in thankfulness to God for British workers have been withdrawn, what Christians in America have done but the stations are being carried for him, every year he turns back a on by the Hebrew Christians with whole month's salary into the mission good results. At one place the retreasury to help support this American sults achieved in three months equal institution. And this is in addition to those of the previous three years. At his regular gifts on Sundays for the Ispahan, in Persia, the missionaries Lord's work. were obliged to leave the station, but one of them is' now returning. The Gifts of Persian Christians staffs from the stations in Germany and Austria have either been helping EVEN in the strain of war times the in work at home or have been trans- Persian native church is developing ferred to other stations. In the Britalong the line of self-support. The report comes from Teheran that the finances of the local church have been or-

16] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 7I I

ish stations there has been an in- thousands of prisoners, but has distrib- creased spirit of inquiry, and in many uted many copies of the New Testament cases an increased attendance at the among them, and he has been weIl re- mission halls. In North Africa there ceived by prison officials and by the pris- has been a widespread distribution of oners, many of whom are hardened crim- the Word of God at Tunis and Al- inals, for he says of one Siberian prison: giers. "After inquiring of one and the other of those in heavy chains, I found out that One feature of this year's operations in those Asian districts you could divide has been the appeal of the Society for the prisoners into three parts. One third temporal relief for the Jews who have part nearly were murderers, another part been driven from their homes in Po- horse stealers, and the third part those land. that had committed assaults on women." -Ez'angelicaZ Christendom. Scandinavian Book Mission AFRICA THE Lutheran Book Mission, estab- lished in 1903, in Bergen, Norway, A A Busoga Christian Chief has up to the present time distributed N old-time chief of the country has 1,850,000 Bibles and devotional books. recently died in Busoga, one of the Its different publications have been writ- very few old men who had survived reten by prominent authors and endorsed curring famines and the devastating by the Bishop of Bergen. There are sleeping sickness. Rev. S. R. Skeens, devotional books for the children to be who for eighteen years has been at work read to them by their parents; dev.otional in Uganda, writes of him: books for school children, for young people, students, soldiers, seamen, the "The son of the late Bishop Hanningsick, old people, etc. The society works ton anc! I were out visiting one evening everywhere that Norwegians live. The and we came upon old ""abo in his courtbooks have also been translated into yard, sitting with his retinue around a Swedish and Danish, and an edition into number of drinking pots, full of beer. Finnish and Laplandish is now being prepared. A branch society has been "We spoke to him and showed him what founded in America to work among the is called The Wordless Book, a plain many Norwegians there. All books are card with strips of black, red, and white, sent free to anyone who desires them. signifying Sin, the Blood of Christ, and The society has several thousand mem- Salvation. We explained the meaning bers. It is supported by free-will offer- of the card to him and said we were ings.-Evangelischer Missionsbote. either in the condition of sin (black) or in safety (white). He grasped the Work for Siberian Prisoners meaning at once, and after we had had considerable conversation with him. then M R. ADAM PODIN, who has been and there in the courtyard, with all his doing extensive evangc:istic work people around, we knelt down and a,;ked in Russian prisons', particularly those in God to accept Vobo and bless hinl, and Siberia, under the auspices of the Evan- from that very time Wobo beca'lle a gelical Alliance, writes of a recent trip: seeker a fter better things." "On this journey I have been traveling 10,680 versts, visiting several prisons A Woman Historian of Egypt with their thousands of inmates, and the faithful God has brought me safeiy ONE of the "new women" who are through all the places. To Him be being produced in the East by glory!" Christian missions was Mrs. Hind An- Mr. Podin has' not only preached tJ num, who has recently died. She came

of educated Syrian parentage, and was much as for our bodies, and then I began graduated from the Cairo girls' board- wondering what I could do to show the ing-school. Left a widow while still a Doctorhow much we haveappneciatedhim young woman, she pursued with enthusi- and his work among us, and what do you asm the full course at the Girls' College think I did? Why, I got the Bible your in Cairo. husband gave me, some years ago, unstuck the New Testament part, which I had A great need for a true Egyptian previously shut up, and now every day I history had long been felt, and Mrs. read to my wife from the Scriptures.' " Hind, inspired by her teacher, set herself the difficult task of preparing it. An Unfinished Task in East Africa She succeeded so well that her book was accepted by the Ministry of Education T HE death of Bishop Peel constitutes for use in the government schools. It a challenge and a plea for the evanwas requested, however, that her name gelization of the great Mombasa Diocese, on the title page be changed to that of and particularly for that part of it forma man, as it would be humiliating to the ing what is known as the CM.S. German government to accept a bo'ok written by East Africa Mission. That work was a woman, especially a Christian woman. very dear to his heart; the remarkable Her reply to the Minister of Education spirit of inquiry, and the conspicuous well illustrates her character: "But I evangelistic zeal of the new converts, am a woman," she said, "and I am a which have characterized that Mission Christian, and a teacher in a Christian during the last few years, were his glory school, and I wish all three facts to and joy. It was one of his cherished hut appear on the title page." And her wish unfulfilled projects to make an itinerawas carried out. tion from Mombasa, through Voi and Taveta, and on through to Dodoma or Among the Jews of Tangier Mpapawa by the very track which is now (with how different a purpose!) being W HEN the war broke out Dr. John followed by General Smuts and his troops. Goldstein, with his oldest boy, was He wanted everyone of the tribes in that in Germany for a brief furlough, after area, sciarcely touched as yet by Christian his arduous labors among the Jews in mISSIOns, to hear the Gospel fully Tangier. He has not been able to return, preached before the inevitable advent of but Mrs. Goldstein has been bravely car- Islam. Politically the future of these rying on the work as far as possible, for districts is dark and uncertain, but the nearly two years alone. She writes of burden of their claim for the light of the meeting some Jewish people whom she Gospel is a heritage left by Bishop Peel had not seen for some time: "After the to the Christian Church.-Church Misusual inquiries after my own and my sionary Society Review. children's health, the man asked after 'our beloved Doctor and his son,' if they were The End of "The Morning Star" well, and if letters came regularly and so on, saying how he and his family ONE of the apparently small but really mis'Sed him, as no one now ran in and far-reaching results of the war has out when occasion and time offered to been the destruction by the Germans, read from the holy Scriptures and to have when raiding on the shores of Lake Tansoul converse, but he added: 'Every day ganyika, of the Morning Star, the famous when I go to the synagog to pray I missionary sailing boat. This little vesask the God of our fathers to preserve sel, which in 1883 was carried in pieces our Doctor and to quickly bring him back, from Zanzibar to Lake Tanganyika, has for we need him for our souls just as been used by the London Missionary So- ciety as one of its most effective agencies

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

in reaching the people. R. Stewart the people in the necessary legal steps Wright says'of the Morning Star: to sell the three church properties, and the Baptist Church, which is the largest "The medicine chest on board had building with the most ample grounds, brought healing and the alleviation of has been purchased and will be repaired pain to many, while the good news of a and refitted for the uses of the union divine Savior had been preached from congregation. The enrolment in the her deck. Now, by the hands of white union Sabbath-school and the attendance men of a Christian nation, she lies a at the union services are now 50 per ruined boat, never more to carry the mes- cent. greater than the combined enrolsage of love and blessing to the ears of ment and attendance of the three heathen men. . . . Perhaps in the good churches. time coming, when the war is ended and the people return to the lake shore from A Deputation to Ceylon which they have been driven by the dread sleeping sickness, her place may be filled O N Thursday, August 10th, Secretary by a small motor boat which will carry Edward L. Smith of the American to full fruition the work begun by the Morning Star." Board, with his wife and Franklin J.

NORTH AMERICA Warner and Mrs. Warner, of White Plains, N. Y., sailed from Vancouver, A New Type of Church Union for ail absence of eight months, to NOVEL example of church union be spent chiefly in inspecting mis- comes to light in a small Ohio town sion stations in the Orient. The main where a Methodist, a Baptist, and a Lu- objective is Ceylon, where the missiontheran communion surrender all their aries of the American Board and the old-time denominational individuality and native churches wiJl, next October, celemerge into one as Presbyterians. This brate the centennial of the beginning of happened in Pleasant Plain, a village in the Christian propaganda there. On Warren County, which has fewer than their way to and from India the members 500 inhabitants, but had been attempting of the American Board Commission will to carry the burden of three churches. carry greetings of American Christians to the Christian workers in Japan an.d In the summer of 1915, in response to China. a spontaneous desire, an old-fashioned town meeting was held in the town hall, No less than twenty-five missionaries and after full and frank discussion it also sailed on the Empress of Russia, was voted to give up the three organiza- Among the members of this party were tions and unite in one community church, Bishop Bashford of China and Prof. which should be the center of the social, Marcus Buell of Boston University civic, and spiritual life of the town and School of Theology, who will spend a the surrounding country. It was voted part of his Sabbatical year lecturing in to affiliate the new organization with China. some denominational body, but it wa~ obvious that it would not be wise to Presbyterian Gifts to Missions choose one of the three denominations represented by the three churches. A T HE Presbyterian Board of Foreign petition to organize a Presbyterian Missions has made a notable record church was drawn up, and of the more than seventy-five signers just one 'per- during this past year. It asked for $Z,- son, a woman, was Presbyterian. The legal counsel of the committee guided 255,918, and received $2,285,930. It cut down the deficit with which it began the year from $101,013 to $44,500. It is now just twenty-three years since the Board, for the first time, reported an- nual receipts' exceeding a million dollars,

which was then about $1.20 per com- T New Attitude Toward the Negro municant. This year's contributions HERE is a new attitude in the South average $1.50 for each communicant toward the training of the negro. member. But Robert E. Speer, in his Somehow in the past we have offered address before the General Assembly, him training, such as it was, but halfway would not let his a~ditors congratulate hoped that it would not be taken. But themselves on even this notable advance. I believe that we have seen a new light. He reminded the Assembly that the de- We are not only offering a better trainvelopment of giving in the Presbyterian ing to the negro now than ever before, Church has not kept relative pace with but are also eager to see him take adthe increase of wealth among Presby- vantage of this training; and most of us terians. Nor has giving kept pace with believe in our heart of hearts that he the necessary expansion of normal will be a better man, a better citizen, and growth in the work. The board's force a more efficient economic factor if he to-day is fifty-four workers beyond the will take all the training offered and total of a year ago. more. There is no danger now that the Southern white man will retrench in his Gives Up Business for Missions plans for developing the negro race, Thanks· to the good common sense and MR. R. A. DOAN, a brick manufac- the Christian spirit of the South, Mr. turer of Nolensville, Ohio, was a Vardaman, ex-Governor Blease, and member of the commission of the For- others like-minded, who would give the eign Christian Missionary Society sent to negro only what he pays for, are fighting the Far East in 1916. He has not only been a losing battle. The whole South has a successful business man, but has always become convinced that the negro must been deeply interested in foreign mis- have a chance, and in this we are reachsions. For a number of years he has led ing a sense of democracy which we have one of the largest Bible classes in Amer- never before known.-W. D. WEATHERica, the attendance often reaching more than one thousand. FORD.

He remained in China several months, TWomen's Conferences in Northfield and succeeded in enrolling over twelve HE thirteenth annual summer school hundred men in carefully organized for Women's Foreign Missionary Bible classes at the various mission sta- Societies, which was held in Northfield, tions of his denomination. Mr. Doan July 14th to 21st, surpassed all former was so much imprest by what he saw on ones, the total enrolment reaching 1,268, this trip that he decided to devote the as against 921 in 1915. In all sixteen derest of his life to missionary service, nominations were represented, significant gave up his business, and has been elected among them being the Universalists with the Laymen's Secretary of the Foreign sixty delegates, the Roman Catholics with Christian Missionary Society, serving two and the Unitarians with one. without salary. Last year 370 young women were en- He wrote home while he was in China: rolled. This year the number leaped to "If some good angel were to say to me 624, or just about one-half the entire that God would grant one specific re- registration. This is a significant fact quest of mine and that this privilege when one calls to mind that a few years would be given only once during my life, ago practically no girls or young women attended this conference. r would unhesitatingly pray that I might Mrs. Henry W. Peabody was the prebe given the power to reveal to the Amer- ,siding officer, and Mrs. Bekn Barrett ican Christian business men the opportunity for investment in mission work in foreign fields."

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Montgomery conducted the class in the treatment. The plan is to select for this study book for the coming year "WorId test churches from all parts of the coun- Missions and World Peace." Forty try and all grades and conditions, includ- missionaries were present, and a con- ing rural, town, and city.

siderable number of the younger women A Lesson in Church Giving found in the messages of the conference the calI of God to similar life service. ] N Highland, Kansas, a town of about The corresponding' gathering for the one thousand people, there is a church promotion of enthusiasm and the im- of some 360 members that, for several provement of methods among women years, has been supporting a missionary who are engaged in the home missionary in China at $600 a year. After a mission- enterprise was held from July 21st to ary service which was held in the church, 28th, and brought together nearly six at which no direct appeal fof money was hundred women. The various types of made, fourteen of the church-members home missionary work were presented by undertook jointly the support of another missionaries, and to the Auditorium missIOnary. Soon an individual began meetings came large numbers of the the support of his own missionary.

nearly 1,200 Sunday-school workers who Two weeks later the building commit- were holding a separate conference at tee raised $4,500 to build an addition to the same 'time on the Northfield Semin- their church, and that addition has been ary campus. dedicated, with all the money paid. The pastor says that without a doubt the two A Broad Financial Policy additional "living links" with the mission THE Methodist Episcopal Church has field helped them in their building enter- now a "commission on finance." It prise. Such are the usual results-genis made. up of representatives from cer- uine efforts to honor God by extending tain local areas, both laymen and min- His kingdom abroad, secure from Him isters. It held its first meeting in Chicago greater blessings on the work at home.

a few days ago. Its two principal objects A Japanese View of America appear to be to bring the non-contribut- A JAPANESE of rank, visiting New ing or partially contributing congrega- York, was first welcomed by the oftions into the quota-meeting class, and to ficials and then escorted through the city secure a general advance in gifts even to see the sights. The excursion having from those who have been doing fairly come to an end, the Japanese said: "You well. The church appropriations for the have treated me with great kindnessyear for general work amount to the very showing me your high buildings, your considerable sum of $4,670,000. There clubs, your banks, your Stock Exchange, is to be work by secretaries of several your gorgeous hotels, your lovely parks, names and with varying duties. For the and the homes' of your millionaires. But next two years chief stre.ss will be put when you come to Japan I shall take you upon the executive, educational, and in- first to look upon our temples and altars. spirational features involved in increas- I see clearly that the Americans are not ing the apportioned "benevolences" at a religious people." least 15 per cent. each year and, if possible, in actually achieving a million- Canada and Prohibition dollar advance. One thousand churches CANADA in its war-time handling of will be selected for special cultivation the liquor business is resorting to under the direction of the stewardship much more sweeping measures than have secretary with a view of indicating the so far been adopted in England. For degree of response possible under proper Canada one result of the war promises

to be that by the spring of 1917 the Warning Against Colporteurs whole of the Dominion, with the excep- tion of the Province of Quebec, will I N a newspaper published in an interior be under prohibition. Prince Edward Island was the only province with a pro- town in Brazil appeared an article pur- hibitory law when the war began; but porting to describe some colporteurs, since Canada has been at war every prov- whom it called "heretic pedlars." ince except Quebec has taken steps to follow the example of the island prov- "For some days past two strange in- ince; and at Ottawa a law has been dividuals have been going about the city. passed to supplement the prohibition en- Their mission is to sell heretical books, actments of the provincial legislatures. false Bibles, and other literature which tends to lead Catholics from their faith Dr. Grenfell is rejoicing over the pro- and induce them to embrace the errors of hibition of liquor in Labrador and New- Protestantism. They go from door to foundland. door insistently troubling all whom they meet. These booksellers are not minis- LATIN AMERICA ters; they are nothing but the servants of such. Ordinarily, they are ignorant Bibles for Troops and Mexicans and incapable of the most simple doc- trinal discussion, and it is not rare to find THE American Bible Society was them rough and abusive. All Catholics prompt in meeting the situation cre- should avoid meeting them, and never ated by the mobilization of the militid, accept their books, much less buy them. and sent out thousands of khaki-bound It would mean the helping on of the Testaments to friends who placed them heresy and the strengthening of the enein the hands of the soldiers as they gath- mies of our faith; it would be an act of ered in the different camps and started apostasy. To subscribe to their journals, on their journey toward the Mexican buy their books-wicked and immoral border. The southwestern agency, which publications that they are-are things includes the state of Texas in its area, that a good and honorable man or woman and whose' headquarters are in Dallas, should not do, otherwise they pass as a Tex., has been especially active in minis- wicked person or a fool. Those who, tering to the troops as' they have been through ignorance, have bought books assembled in the camps along the border. from these pedlars should cast them into The society has made special grants to the fire." the Young Men's Christian Association and other institutions working among ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC the soldiers, and its funds are so far exhausted as to make it impossible to Successful Work for the Moros carry forward this work without special assistance. THE New York Committee for Uplift- ing the Moro Wards of the Nation is The Mexico agency of the society which, for the time being, has its head- an organization which is supporting some quarters in San Antonio, Tex., is partic- of the efforts which Bishop Brent is ularly active among the Mexican people making in the Philippines. At a recent and is finding a surprizing demand for meeting of the committee, held in New the Gospels. Tens of thousands in Span- York, Bishop Brent said: ish have been sent forward for this purpose, and the society's agent, the Rev. W. "The Moros are a very proud race of F. Jordan, writes that the eagerness of people. They are pagan Mohammedans. the people for these Scriptures is unpre- Very few can read, and a still smaller cedented. fraction can speak Arabic. There is no translation of the Koran available for the people, so that their knowledge of it is negligible. The Moros have lived iso-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

lated lives. Ve are endeavoring to put which has never been in the Philippine them in contact with the entire world. Islands heretofore."

"We plan to equip the Moro with a trade which he can apply among his own OBITUARY NOTES people, so that he may win the self-re- Dr. C. A. Killie, of China spect that is born of the ability to pro- duce. We are endeavoring to bring about REV. CHARLES A. KILLIE, a mis- institutional life for the Mora, most of sionary of the Presbyterian Board in all to turn his attention to the soil and North China, died at the Presbyterian the amazing fertility of his country. We Hospital, New York, on July 16th, after now have forty boys in the Agricultural a severe operation, the third in seven School from all classes of Moro society. weeks. Mr. and Mrs. Killie were both This is a beginning which promises a converted under the preaching of Dwight great future. We have been very for- L. Moody in 1885, and went to China in tunate in our other work among the 1889. They passed through the terrible Moros, including our hospital work." months of the Siege of Peking, in 1900, in the British Legation Compound. Mr.

Sunday-school Unites Forces in the Killie was preeminently an itinerating Philippines missionary, and traveled thousands of miles. On account of ill health he re- "A LARGE majority of the student turned to the United States in May, 1912, body in the Philippines are with- but from September, 1913 to May, 1916 out faith in their old system, and are out he carried on his last great work for on a sea of religious unbelief searching missions, itinerating among the churches for an anchorage." This statement is of America. In that period he traveled made by Rev. ]. L. McLaughlin, who is over 61,000 miles and delivered more than 850 addresses. making an earnest effort to inject the Bible into the lives of the young people of the Islands, as a part of his work as Bishop Eveland of Manila secretary for the World's Sunday-school Association. Fifteen years ago not one WILLIAM PERRY EVELAND, Filipino had even been inside of a Sun- Missionary Bishop of the Meth- day-school; to-day the Islands have a odist Church of southern Asia, met Sunday-school enrolment of nearly 60,- death on July 24th, near Mount 000, and the movement is only just be- Holly Springs, Pa., in an extraordinary ginning. The great problem is to make accident. He set out for a litle fishing of the Filipinos a united people, and in expedition, carrying with him a steel fish- the attainment of this end the Sunday- ing rod, which in some way came in con- school is second to none, saving possibly tact with a poorly insulated high-tension the public schools. It has been found electric wire near the Reading Railway.

that all could unite upon the platform of The next afternoon his body was found the child, as this does not involve any in the high weeds that border the stream.

reference to creed or denomination. Bishop Eveland was only fifty-two "The different tribal representatives years of age, a graduate of Dickinson gathered at the Sunday-school conven- College, who, after spending several tions held throughout the Islands," said years in the pastorate and educational Mr McLaughlin, "and our souls were work, was appointed missionary bishop cheered and thrilled as we sensed the dis- in 1912. He had his episcopal residence appearing of the old jealousies and felt at Manila and shared in the general over- the awakening of that newer spirit of sight of the Methodist Episcopal work in Christian love and fraternity, the like of southern Asia, with special supervision

of the work in the Philippines and Ma- who was a most loving and helpful wife. laysia. He had returned to this country He went to Lahore as Professor of to attend the general conference in May. Moral Philosophy in Foreman College, Dr. Daniel Bliss, of Syria and then went to Hoshyarpore in 1868, where he spent the last 48 years of his T HE Rev. Daniel Bliss, founder and life. President Emeritus of the Syrian Protestant College in Beirut, Syria, and Dr. Chatterjee was honored by being one of the most beloved missionaries of chosen the Moderator of the first Gen- the East, died on July 28th at his home eral Assembly of the Presbyterian in Beirut. He was in his ninety-third Church in India in 1904. He visited year, and had been a missionary in Syria America with his wife and daughter in for more than sixty years. 1887, and went as a delegate to the Mis- sionary Conference in Edinburgh in Dr. Bliss was born in Georgia, Vt., 1910. He was President of the Comand was graduated from Amherst Col· mittee of Home Missions in India, and lege in 1852. He attended the Andover President of the Board of Directors of Theological Seminary, and was ordained Foreman College from 1886 to 1915. in the Congregational ministry. He went to Mount Lebanon, Syria, with his wife, Dr. R. Wardlaw Thompson, of London who was Miss Abby M. Wood of Amherst, Mass. Six years later Dr. Bliss T HE Rev. Ralph Wardlaw Thompson, returned to this country and raised $100,- D.D., for many years secretary of 000 in 1862 during the civil war, for the the London Missionary Society, died in initial endowment of the college, which England on June 10th, at the age of was started in 1864 in a rented house seventy-four. He was born in Bellary, with sixteen pupils'. In 1873 the corner- South India, on August 28, 1842, the son stone of the main building of the col- of a missionary, William Thompson, who lege was laid by William E. Dodge. moved to Cape Town, South Africa, in When Dr. Bliss retired as President 1850, and became pastor of the Union Emeritus in 1902, the college had grown Chapel. Wardlaw Thompson was eduunder his care until there were about cated in South Africa, and in 1865 be- 876 students, 75 teachers, and 15 good came pastor of the Ewing Place Congrebuildings. His son, Dr. Howard Bliss', gational Church in Glasgow, Scotland. In is now President. 1881 he became Foreign Secretary of the L. M. S., and during his tenure of Rev. Dr. K. C. Chatterjee, of Indh dtice the Society made many forward movements. He was a missionary states· T HE Presbyterian Church in the Pan- man greatly honored and beloved. jab has sustained a heavy loss in the death of Dr. K. C. Chatterjee on May Miss Bertha G. Johnson, a Friend of 31st at Pillour, India. He was born in Lepers 1838, in Bengal, and was converted to Christianity under the teaching of Dr. MISS JOHNSON, one of the Ameri· Alexander Duff in his college in Cal- can field secretaries of the Miscutta during his early manhood. He sion to Lepers, died suddenly while came to the Panjab in 1861, and was Head Master of the Mission School at speaking at Montreat, N. c., on July 22d. J ullunder for a time. Here he married a lady, the daughter of the Rev. Golak Her loss will be keenly felt by a wide Nath, and sister of Lady Harnam Singh, circle of friends and by the lepers throughout the world. She was their true friend and burned out in her zeal for Christ.

/fii BOOKS ON MI

~,/ '….. AND SSION: LANDS "ARE THE JAPANESE A MENACE 1"

Reviews of "Japan and America-A Contrast," and of "The Japanese Crisis." * By Rev. Arthur J. Brown, D.D., New York, author of "New Forces in Old China."

IT is about as difficult to get an unpreju- opinions of his own are freely inter- woven. He declares (page 1) that diced and dispassionate opinion of the "Japan and the United States have noth- ing in common"; that (page 4) the two Japanese as it is to get one of Theodore Roosevelt, William Jennings Bryan and Lloyd George. Each observer is prone countries are "champions" of such "op- to look through the haze which has been posing aims and interests" that "one of created by his own imagination and he the two countries must recede from its glorifies or defames in accordance with present position"; that (page 5) the real his preconceived ideas. Some books, Japan is not what Americans innocently magazine articles, and after-dinner imagine it to be, but "the Japan of farms speeches describe the Japanese as if they and factories and fishermen, ruled by a were a nation of saints and angels, the little group of ambitious statesmen and most perfect types that humanity has yet dominated by the imperialistic aims produced. Other writers characterize which dominated Germany"; that (page them in language which would not come 6) "in Japan we see a power still parunder the rule: "All the news that's fit tially under the influence of barbaric tra- to print." ditions of warfare and conquest, and yet These observations have been sug- possest of all of the weapons and powers of the most enlightened countries"; that gested by a book just published entitled "she maintains a double standard of con- HJapan and America-A Contrast," by duct-one for use with strong nations, Carl Crow. It is a handsome volume, the other for use with weak ones"; and written from the viewpoint of ample op- that. her boasted progress has consisted portunity for observation, as the author in imitating the inventions and discovwas formerly a member of the editorial eries of western nations. staff of the Japan Advertiser. It abounds in facts and incidents, and the Mr. Crow's closing chapter is entitled style is so clear and vigorous that it is "Is Japan a Menace?" and he does not fascinating reading. conceal his opinion that it is. He says that "the situation is very much the same The impression made, however, is that as that which existed between England the author does not love the Japanese, and Germany before the outbreak of the and that from the huge mass of available European War"; that (page 302) "for material he has selected the particular every just cause of quarrel Germany had things that enable him to make out a against England, Japan has half a dozen case against them, while unfavorable against us" ; that (page 304) in the Japa- * "Japan and America-A Contrast" By Carl Crow. Bvo, 316 pp. $2.00. Robert M. McBride, nese vernacular press there is " a steady N. Y. "The Japanese Crisis." By A. B. Scherer. outpouring of vilification and abuse of 12mo, 115 pp. $1.00. F. A. Stokes, N. Y.

NOTE.-Any books mentioned in this department will be sent on receipt of price. Address The Missionary Review Publishing Company, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

the United States," and that (page 306), The "crisis" which Dr. Scherer dis- "Japanese friendship for the United cusses is that between the American and States exists' only in the meaningless Japanese Governments over the situation conventional phrases of diplomatic usage, in California. He frankly recognizes in the propaganda of Japanese statesmen that there are two sides to the question, and American peace-at-any-price advo- and in a spirit of perfect fairness he tries cates, and in the wine-warmed senti- to do justice to both. He holds that unments of Japanese-American banquets." restricted Japanese immigration and ownership of land by aliens is quite out The book may serve as a good anti- of the question for economic and other dote for the fulsome eulogies of the visi- reasons. He emphasizes the well-k~own tors to whom he refers'. We must recog- fact that the Japanese Government does nize too, its readableness, and the large not ask for such unrestricted immigration value of its collection of facts. The dif- and ownership, but for an adjustment ficulty lies in its one-sidedness, in the which does not discriminate against the omission of other facts of a more favor- citizens of Japan as compared with the able character, and in a statement of citizens of other countries. He, therefore, cited facts which makes them appear concludes that the real issue is between more unfavorable than they really are. a discriminatory and a non-discrimina- For example, the author holds that tory alien land law. He states, what will Japan is absolutely ruled by a small be news to most people in the East, that group of resolute men who dominate the the labor unions in California, as well as Emperor and the people alike, so that the the Japanese Government, would be enformer is a mere puppet in their hands, tirely satisfied with a law excluding all and the latter an ignorant and ac- aliens from land ownership, but that the quiescent proletariat, which is not con- effort to pass such a law has been blocked sulted in any important matter. by banks, trust companies, chambers of commerce and other large business inter- If one is to err at all, it is better to ests which fear that such a law would do so on the side of charity. A book of prevent the investment of foreign capital this kind is apt to strengthen suspicions in the State. Dr. Scherer deplores the and jealousies which may still further fact that a grave international issue is embarrass the already embarrassed rela- thus subordinated to commercial intertions of the two nations. It is easy to ests, which in his opinion would not be so pick out flaws in any nation under seriously injured as they imagine. heaven, including our own. After all, the Japanese are human beings like ourselves, The author has packed much sanity and in dealing with them we may well and good sense into short compass, and remember the words of the poet: "Men an appendix gives copies of important might be better if we better deemed of official documents. He believes that our them." Japanese problem will vanish into thin air if we substitute in dealing with it the THE JAPANESE CRISIS spirit of the gentleman and statesman for that of the sensational journalist. He A much smaller book, but one which frankly admits that our relations with impresses us as better balanced, is "The Japan are in a highly sensitive state, and Japanese Crisis," by James A. B. he says in words which ought to be taken Scherer, Ph.D., LL.D., President of seriously to heart: "He who lightly ap- Throop College of Technology. He plies a match to this tinder is, however, writes on the basis of a residence of five ignorant or thoughtless, a cr~inal years in Japan and of seven years in against the human race." California, and he brings to the subject not only the fruits of careful study, but the suggestions of sound judgment.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1916

FOlQ

SSIONA~Y FI:RES 1. C. T. Vang, the Christian president of the Cburcb senate, states tbat the two points which mission scbools need to emphasize are scholarship in the Chinese language and industrial education. (See page 572.) 2. One of Carranza's ministers accepted a Bible given by a ·missionary and exprest his appreciation especially because of its convenient pocket size. (See page 583.) 3. It is tbe custom of tbe Kru natives to cledicate their farms at rice-cutting time with human sacrifice. The "devil doctor" makes a medicine from the blood which is supposed to guarantee large crops. (See page 598.) 4. The greatest peril in war is not from shrapnel or mines; it is not from lack of food or sanitation: it is from the moral and spiritual degeneration of the soldiers. This peril is being met most successfully by Christian workers. (See page 620.) 5. Christianity is provir;g its power by transforming the outcasts of India. This is also a powerful argument to the upper classes. (See page 594.) 6. A city-wide Cbristian social service program is one among many valuable activities carried on under Princeton University auspices by the Young Men's Christian Association of Peking. (See page 609.) 7. In Paotingfu, where fifteen American missionaries and many Chinese Christians were killed by the Boxers sixteen years ago, 700 students in the military college reccntly asked for Bibles. These were presented by a Chinese business man. (See page 565.) R Eleven thousand children in Hawaii are being educated in Japanese, as well as American schools, and are thus receiving conflicting conceptions of God, home, and the family. (See page 563.) 9. Over five hundred Mohammedan students in Cairo recently accepted in- vitations to a stereopticon lecture given by Rev. Stephen Trowbridge on the Ii fe of Christ. (See page 633.) 10. Tho no battle was fought between Christians and Moslems in Persia, one- fifth of the Christian popUlation of Urumia district perished in five months. The missionaries saved thousands from death-both Christians and Mos- lems. (See page 586.)

Hon. C. T. Wang, vice-president of the Senate in China, resigned that office when

Yuan Shih Kai turned toward the monarchy, and became General Secretary of the Young Men's Chrhtian Assodation of China. Mr. Wang had held a very important position during the revolution. and was one of the framers of the Republic's constitution. He was caned to take a place in the Cabinet of the new Republic, but during all this time he retained his relation to the Young Men's Christian Association. ~1r. W~ng has declined various political positions, and has refused large salaries, but when President Li requested him to reorganize the Senate after Yuan's death, he felt it to be a duty he owed to his country. it augurs well for the cause of Christ in China to have him assume this responsible position. He will probably be one of the leading forces in China. I ARY E IE OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXIX. No.8 AUGUST, 1916 Vol. XXIX. No.8 Old Series New Series 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111III 111111111111111111111 11111 SPIRITUAL ENGINEERS IN EUROPE through the British and Foreign Bi- ble Society. There has never been THE work of the Y. M. C. A. anything like it in the distribution among the soldiers in Europe of the Scriptures. One prison camp has 50,000 Russian prisoners shut involves the sending of men, whom up till the war shall end; only about John R. Matt calls "spiritual engi- one in fifteen are given work to do; neers" into the prison camps, hos- all their time on their hands-nothing pitals and battlefields. These work- to do! Austria, Germany and Rusers may be the means of a reforma- sia have given full permission' to tion and regeneration in many Eu- work in prison camps. So now, in ropean countries-if their work is every country except Turkey, Amerspiritual as well as social. They ica has the opportunity of ministerwrite letters for the men, who can ing to these five million six hundred not see or can not sit up, to their thousand military prisoners-and no families and friends, who do not other country can have that opporperhaps even know where they are tunity. or whether they are living or not. These friendly ministries will never The method of work is to build a be forgotten. simple hut in each camp, with room for lectures, entertainments, religious N ow the door is open in Austria- services, five or six hundred books in Hungary and ill Italy. Two million different languages, a room for writ- Bibles have been sent out through ing, one for the orchestra. One of the Bible Society of Scotland, nearly the doctors said the orchestra was as many through the American Society, and three and a half million The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIn-W, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nOr for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EmTOItS.

the best thing to ward off insanity. W. Thwing, "are now waking up to the It is like going from darkness to need of progress and change. They day to go from a camp without music have started an Educational Bureau to one that has it. and Progressive Society here and are The next step is to organize socie- publishing new books and discussing ties to work among the thousands, to the questions between Christianity take a census, ask the men what they and Islam. They publish a maga- want to study. In each camp where zine in Arabic and Chinese.

the "huts" have been established there "The spirit of conservatism is are from 1,700 to 3,000 who are changing and Chinese Mioslems are studying arts, science, politics and beginning to feel that they must in- trades. The men who want to study vestigate. Their sacred book the are taught by college graduates, edu- Koran (Chinese 'Heavenly Classic') cated men, so that not a dollar need has been more than a thousand years be spent for teachers or secretaries, in China, and has been intoned by and all are put to work. It is chang- their priests in Arabic in all parts ing prison life from a process of phy- of the land. But never would they sical, mental and moral deterioration translate this sacred book into cominto one of character-building, in- mon Chinese. Now, however, things crease of efficiency, and service to have changed. The Chinese are planone's fellow men, and wide evangel- ning to translate. the Koran and Ism. have recently translated and published the first chapter into Chinese. Some It is the function of Christians to of the leaders told me that they proclaim the coming dawn; that is, wished to come into more friendly that the good will conquer the ill; touch with other faiths and they have that love will vanquish hate; that Christ read tracts about the Bible. One can make nations, as well as individu- Chinese Moslem said 'Foreigners have als, strongest where now they are translated the Koran into English, weakest; that where sin did abound German, French and other languages. Christ shall more abound. Must we say there are no Chinese to do it? It must be done.' It will be "How incongruous it would be," says Dr. John R. Matt, who is an interesting work." now again in Europe, "at a moment Christians should aim to lead these when whole nations are stretched on a Calvary Cross, for any Christian Moslem inquirers to study the law to continue to lead a selfish life or a life of ease! Rather may we plac( and the Gospel, which are confirmed ourselves afresh at the disposition of by their prophet. Some terms used Christ, henceforth to do His will in the Chinese translation of the and not our own, cost what it may." Bible are offensive or not clear to them, so that it would be well for I CHANGES IN CHINESE ISLAM the Bible Societies to issue a special MPORTANT changes are taking edition of the Gospels for the Chinese place in the spirit of the Chinese Moslems. Now is a time of great Mohammedans. "The leaders of the opportunity to bring to them the Gos- Mohammedans in Peking," writes E. pel of Salvation.

OF THE

THE NEW CRISIS IN HAWAII THE TURKS AND AMERICAN MISSIONS T HE Hawaiian Islands, long ago, I T seems inconceivable that the ceased to be a foreign mission field. So well did the early mission- Turkish Government, after reap- aries do their work that the islands ing the benefits of one hundred years are now called Christian. A new of unselfish service on the part of problem has, however, entered in the American missionaries, should now large influx of Asiatics and the next seek to destroy their work or seize ten or fifteen years will determine the property which represents such whether these people wi11 become a large amount of American money.

Christians or will themselves be a Letters from Turkey, however, show menace to the Christian institutions that such is the case. The govern- and ideals. Within ten years, many ment is seeking to expel the mission- thousands of Hawaiian-born Asiatics aries from the interior. They have will have reached their majority and already driven out those who re- exercise the full rights of American mained at their post in Marsovan, citizenship. If these Asiatic-Ameri- Sivas and Caesarea, and have seized cans drift into irreligious living, the mISSIon property. This is only' a social and moral dangers of the slight token of what might be ex- Islands will be greatly increased. pected if the United States should There are 12,206 Japanese, Korean break off diplomatic relations with and Filipino children in the public Germany and Turkey.

schools and 2,471 in private schools President George E. White of Ana- in the Hawaiian territory. The pub- tolia College has been in Turkey since lic schools.are giving them an English 1890, and is at the head of a grow- education, but 11,000 are in Japanese ing institution with 400 students.

public schools and are getting an President White writes: "On May Oriental education with their Ameri- IO our gateman brought word that can education. For the most part, the city governor had come to call.

these children attend the Japanese I found not only the governor but Buddhist school each day before and the commandant of gendarmes, the after their attendance in the public colonel and the chief of police. The school. The Oriental parents in governor stated at once that he had Hawaii see that their children pass- called to requisition our buildings ing through the public school, are whether used for hospital, school or likely to become Americans. As a residential purposes, and to send us result, II,OClO children are being Americans to Constantinople; this taught in two fundamentally differ- under orders of the general com- ent ideals of life, two conceptions of manding the third army, and owing God, home, and of the family. The to strained reiations between Ger- problem of the Hawaiian-born Ori- many and the United States.

ental is exceedingly complicated. Noth- "Before my associates could come ing short of the message of the Chris- together, the governor had sealed tian missionary is equal to the trans- our safe and was proceeding to seize forming of the heart and life of these the college buildings. We requested people into genuine American citizens. an opportunit.y to communicate with

W our Embassy, but he rejected it, and THE REVOLT IN ARABIA said that the Embassy was closed; HAT may be the result of the that relations were strained to-day; present revolt against Turkey would be broken off to-morrow; and in Arabia none can forsee. It is an- the next day there would be war. other sign of the politica:J disintegra- "The hospital where over 500 tion of Islam. The spiritual center Turkish soldiers have been treated of Islam is the place of the prophet's gratis under Red Cross auspices, with nativity and truimph in Arabia- its furniture, instruments, drugs and the Moslem pilgrimage cities, Mecca supplies, was occupied from that and Medina.

hour. Many officials bore themselves in When at the outbreak of the great a friendly personal manner and many world contlict the Sultan and the individuals of the city as they suc- Turkish Sheik-ul-Islam, proclaimed a ceeded in reaching us offered cordial holy war against the "infidel," they sympathy or suggestions for action. failed to reckon with this Arabian "On Sunday forenoon, May 14, the dislike for a Turkish overlordship commandant brought the final word and also with the British prestige in that while relations between Ger- the more fertile regions of the great many and America were understood Arabian peninsula. The Shereef of to have improved, still, as this re- Mecca, custodian of the prophet's gion was reckoned to be in the zone tomb, himself a descendant of the of war, all foreigners were to be prophet's family, raised three armies, excluded. The Governor made clear which he committed to the leader- that Americans must leave the war ship of his three sons. A Turkish zone and go to Constantinople; and garrison stilI holds Medina, but the that all our buildings and premises Hejaz railroad has been destroyed, would be requisitioned for the purpose cutting off reenforcements, and the of a military hospital. Arabian forces are menacing the tlank The Turkish Government is also of the Turkish-German army, whose taking steps to undermine and coun- destination was Egypt.

teract the Christian character and Civilization as interpreted by the teachings of such famous institutions English is a boon when it carries not as Robert College, Constantinople only material prosperity but freedom College for Women, and Syrian Prot- of faith. As the Arabs of Arabia estant College at Beirut. It is earn- are generally in friendly relations estly hoped, however, that the nego- with Great Britain or under its po- tiations conducted through the Ameri- tical control; the Moslems of India can Government and boards of trus- are fighting in Europe under the tees will lead to a friendly settlement British banners, and the Algerian and the continuance of the work Moslems are fighting valiantly for at the close of the war. In case France, this Arabian revolt splits the the Turkish Government should be Moslem world into two warring weakened physically as a result of halves, with the pilgrimage cities the conflict, we believe that the and holy places already, or soon to Turkish people will be resurrected be :in possessiion of Moslems affili- into newness of spiritual life. ated with the allied powers. The

16 ] SIGNS OF THE

partitioning of Islam and the upris- Bibles to those who desired them.

ing of the Arabian may help to seal Recently the military students sent to the fate of the eastern campaigns. the American Board's worker a list Bagdad, Jerusalem and Damascus are of 700 names of those who wanted old seats of Arabian power and the Bibles, and the questions the students pressure of revolt may help to seal ask of the missionaries show a genu- the fate of Turkish armies fighting ine earnestness and determination to in the Caucasus and on the shores know what is at the bottom of the of the Aegean and the Black Seas. Christians' faith. Thus China-the The British promise to respect the unchanging–{:ontinues to change and shrines of Islam has had the effect the great need is not quantity but of allaying the fears of Moslems, and quality in Christians.

the revolt in Arabia may mean the MASS MOVEMENT IN CENTRAL ultimate control of the peninSUla by AMERICA civilized powers. THE ~ass movements and political MARKED CHANGES IN CHINA and mtellectual upheavals in India, SIXTEEN years ago, in 1900, the China, Persia, Egypt and elsewhere Boxers killed fifteen American show clearly that we cannot tell what missionaries in Paotingfu, China, and a day may bring forth in missionary thought that they had destroyed the work. Great transformations may be "foreign" religion. To-day in the wrought suddenly. In Uganda and same city Christianity is a hundred- in all the surrounding country there fold more in evidence than ever be- have recently been many new evi- fore. On "East Street" is a sign dences that the Spirit of God is mov- which reads "Gospel Hall, Preaching ing among the people. A writer in Every Night, Free Reading Room." the Uganda News says: "The per- Here business men, young military sonality of a chief, the example of students in uniform, stolid looking a neighboring tribe, the general de- soldiers from the barracks, students sire to rise out of a state of savagery -also in uniform-from the govern- and ignorance, combine to draw men ment schools, ricksha coolies, and by the thousand into the visible now and then a dignified teacher of Church, notwithstanding every check the old days walking slowly and and test that can be applied. Thus, stiffly along, jostle each other around in the Mbale district, where the num- this sign from morning till night. ber under instruction in 1909 was This Gospel Hall is conducted by some 300, there are now, it is esti- the American Board Mission and is mated, no fewer than 10,000 read- continually so crowded that the read- ing. In Kavirondo, where the work ing room has had to be closed on among the Luo tribe began in 1905 Sundays because the authorities were with four heathen boys, the number afraid of the crowds who gather on of 'readers,' or people under in- that day. Students from the mili- struction, is now upward of 8,000.

tary academy. come in large numbers The little church in Ankole, to the gospel meetings, and a wealthy which in 1903 numbered twenty-eight Chinese business man has been giving members, now has 2,9I8 baptized

members, many of whom are com- mense power for evangelization and municants. A congregation of 3,000 national righteousness. The union at Ng'ora on a recent occasion, drawn will take place as soon as possible together at a day's notice from the after the close of the war. immediate neighborhood, and all of them 'readers,' testifies to a similar The negotiations for union have movement among the Teso people been going on for twelve years. The to the northeast of Buganda. And Presbyterians have been the last to still the movement, with all its en- commit themselves to the union. couragement and with all its dan- There has been a not large, but pergers, goes forward, and each year sistent minority, which may still hold gathers fresh force." out and possibly decline to enter the united church. But the Presbyterian There is danger in great popular church is now definitely committed to movements in favor of Christianity. this Christian enterprise. The deep spiritual work in individuals is more to be desired than wide- A REVIVAL IN UTAH spread but shallow mass movements. UTAH has long been considered the CHURCH UNION FOR CANADA un-American state of the Union WE have followed from time to and one of the most difficult fields for Christian work. Mormons are almost time the movement toward as difficult to convert as Jews or Mo- Church union in Canada. The Meth- hammedans. Recently, however, the odist and Congregational churches church members of the city of Ogden have voted for union, and th~ Pres- have proved that a spiritual awakening byterian General Assembly of Canada, is as possible t~ere as anywhere else. The Ministerial Association. backed by by a vote of 404 to 89, has taken a committee of laymen representing the Christian business and professional the final action needed to commit the men of the community, extended an Presbyterian body to the plan of one, invitation to an evangelist, the Rev. "The United Church of Canada." Henry Ostrom, to hold revival serv- ices in March. The committee took The deciding factor in the mind of the responsibility for the details conthe Assembly was the consideration nected with the meetings and, for a of the future development of the month, the churches united in special newer districts of Canada. The men union prayer-meetings. There was a of western Canada and those of New class of about seventy-five that met fol- Ontario were one in their appeal for lowing these meetings for special inunion. "We need it. It is vital to structions in personal work. There us," they said. were also many group prayer-meetings in houses in different parts of the city. The opinions of the returning sol- There were large numbers of people diers were also kept in mind. and all over the country that were enlisted they were believed to be almost in prayer by letter. At one meeting unanimously in favor of union. sixty-five young people declared them- selves willing to become missionaries. The Presbyterian and Methodist churches-about equal in number and strength'-are by far the two largest Protestant churches in Canada. The united churches should be an im-

EVENTS

AUGUST July 28th to Aug. 6th-Miss. Education Movement Con£., Lake Geneva, Wis. July 28th to Aug. 6th-Bible Conference, Montrose, Pa. 1st to 6th-Okoboji Summer School of Missions, Arnolds Park, Iowa. 1st to llth-Y. V. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Asilomar, Cal. 4th-The 75th anniversary of the birth of James Chalmers, 1841. 4th to 14th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conf.. Old Orchard, Me. 4th to 20th-General Christian Workers' Conference, Northfield, Mass. 5th to 12th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Mt. Gretna, Pa. 6th to 20th-Inter'l Fed. Christian Workers' Conv., Siloam Springs, Ark. 7th to 14th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Collegeville, Pa. 11th to 20th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conf., Lancaster, Fa. 12th to 18th-Woman's Summer Sch. of Home Missions, Chautauqua, N. Y. 14th to 19th-Gospel Mission Workers' Conference, Stony Brook, N. Y. 14th to 21st-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Collegeville, Pa. 15th to 17th-Christian Workers' League Conference, Winona Lake, Ind. 15th to 20th-Reformed Church Missionay Conference, Palisades, Iowa. 18th to 27th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conf., Cleveland, O. 19th to 27th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Plymouth, Wis. 20th to 27th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Miss., Chautauqua, N. Y. 20th to 27th-Ministers' and Christian Workers' Conf., Chautauqua, N. Y. 22d to Sept. 1st-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. 22d to Sept. Ist-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conf., Estes Park, Colo. 23d to 25th-Conference of Evangelists, Winona Lake, Ind. 30th to Sept. 3d-Reformed Church Missionary Con£., Indianapolis, .Ind.

SEPTEMBER 2d-Anniversary of arrival of Vhitman and Spaulding, at Walla WalIa, 1836. 6th to 11th-National Baptist Convention, Savannah, Ga. 30th-Anniversary of ordination of Robert Moffat and John Williams, 1816.

OCTOBER 13th to 18th-Foreign Christian Missionary Society Conv., Des Moines, Ia. 17th to 20th-American Missionary Association Conf., Minneapolis, Minn. 18th-The 100th anniversary sailing of Robert Moffat for Africa, 1816. 26th-The 190th anniversary of birth of Christian Frederick Schwartz, 1726. 28th-The 25th anniversary of death of Madame CoiIIard, 1891.

WU TING FA NG AND THE HON. LONG SHAO YI, WHO IN

NEGOTIATED THE PEACE WHICH MADE CHINA A REPUBLIC

New Conditions In

BY C. T. W.NG, SHANGHAI, CHINA Wang Cheng-Ting (C. T. Wang) studied in the Peiyang University, I895 to I90o, and v. as later a teacher in the Anglo-Chinese College in Tientsin and headmaster at the Changsha High School. He became secretary of the Y. M. C. A. at Tokio and afteri1.ard studied law for three years in America. He became General (now President) Li Yuan-hung's Chief of Diplomatic affairs at Wuchang, and Vice Minister of Commerce and Industry in the first Republican Cabinet. He was vice-speaker of the first senate of the Republic. Recently he 'l( as elected one of the national secretaries of the Young jJ{en's Chris- tian Association of China, but has since resigned at the request of President Li in order that he may reorganize the National Senate. He "ill probably be elected speaker. (See frontispiece for portrait.) -EDITOR.

HE out~tanding problem a democratic form of local gov- ernment. Mors.e once said that mT before the nation to- China is a democracy with a mon- day is undoubtedly the archy superimposed upon it. He political situation. The meant that at heart the Chinese Monarchists r a i sed people have always been democratic, , • their voices last win- altho the central government for two thousand years has had the apter to advocate a return to the mon~ pearance of a monarchy.

archy as the only thing to save The form of government that is best suited to a country depends China, and the country was immedi- largely upon two factors: The char- acteristics of the people and the cirately thrown into confusion. The cumstances in which the country may find itself. In the first place, the Chirevolt spread in the southern and nese are by nature a democratic peo- ple, as is freely acknowledged by all western provinces and the majority impartial Western observets.

of the people tacitly gave their sup- The other factor in making China a republic appeared when the totport to the Republicans. The pro- tering Manchu regime was brought to an end by the revolution of 191 1. test gained so rapidly that even the The Manchus must g(}-was the ver- dict of the nation. No other royal Monarchists had to admit that they house could be substituted. The leaders of 191 I had no other recould not force such a system of course but to convert China into a republic. To suddenly expand a government upon the Chinese people. local form of democratic government The sudden death of Yuan Shih Kai has apparently put an end to the thought of a monarchy for China, tho many people in the West have the idea that for China, where education has been so greatly ne- glected, the best thing would be a limited monarchy. They do not understand the real feelings of the Chinese people. From time imme- morial our people have been under

into one for the whole nation, with house by the survival of the fittest? a population of 400,000,000 and an Humanity would not countenance area of 4,000,000 square miles, is such foolhardy and unnecessary recognized as too bold a step. A lim- bloodshed. The leaders of 191 I " in choosing the lesser of two evils de- cided to convert the old empire into a modern republic, but they were not unaware of the innumerable dif- ficulties that must be faced.

PRESIDENT LI YUAN HUNG The New Education Li Yuan Hung is an earnest – Repubtican and is While, therefore, the central ques- popular with the army. He has spoken" highly tion before the nation to-day is that of Christian influence iIi China. of politics, yet a large number of the educated people turn their attention to ited monarchy might have been more a still greater dynamic force, namely, expedient, but such a plan is met that of education. The educated at once with two unsurmountable thinkers of China understand that difficulties. First, there is no royal the progress of a nation does not house of the Chinese blood" in ex'- depend upon the form of governistence. Each sllcceeding dynasty did ment. There is little difference beits work so thoroughly as to pre- tween England and the United clude the existence of any living States of America, and yet one is lineal descendant of the preceding a monarchy and the other a repubroyal house. lic. Or again, compare Mexico with the United States: Both are repub- The second is a corollary to the lics, but what a great difference befirst: Inasmuch as there is no royal tween them! No nation can be house in existence, should the lead- wisely and properly ruled until the ers be allowed to resort to the old people have become enlightened. practise of carrying on internecine 'Vith an intelligent people, many of warfare so as tQ establisp a royal the present political evils will be rectified in natural course. As our veteran statesman Chang Chih Tung has said, the real hope of China lies in education. With that in view they have been making steady prog- ress in the way of bringing edu- cation to the masses.

The Christian missions in China have made a real and lasting con- tribution to this educational work for the nation. The mission schools throughout the country have led the way and in many cases have been the cradle of the modern Chinese

16] THE NEW CONDITIONS IN CHINA 57

DR. T. H. LEE . CHANG POLING PresI4e.it.t .of the Fu-tan ~oJ.1ege, Shanghai I:re~jdent of Nankai 1-lid?1e School, Tien tsin HON._ WE~ SHIH:TSEN _ DR. Y. L. TSt:R Commissioner of Foreign· Affairs, Chekiang President of Tsing Rua College, the American Provin'Ce Indemnity University in Peking SOME CHRISTl.<N MAKERS OF NEW CHINA

MODERN BASKET BALL AMONG IH .c STUDENTS OF TRUTH HALL, PEKING educationalists. It is largely through Weakneases in Mission Schools the work of these institutions that modern education has been intro- It would be well for the mission duced into China. To-day, how- boards and missionaries to notice ever, their facilities for education and correct certain weaknesses in are too limited, for they can accom- their present system. First, the modate but a fraction of those who poor quality of Chinese scholarship wish an education. and second, the lack of industrial education. The mission schools have also produced students well known for Most of the mission schools have their strength of character and high either laid emphasis on a foreign purpose in life. In all the political language so that the schools are upheavals people have a good op- conducted in English with Chinese portunity of watching the students only as one of the subjects, or else that come into power. They find no English is taught at all. The that those students who through their first has an advantage over the sectouch with the mission schools have ond in that, with a knowledge of a embraced the real spirit of love and foreign language at their disposal, sacrifice of Jesus Christ are the ones the students naturally have an adthat can best be trusted. Since the vantage over those who can only revolution of 19IIa large number of receive the benefit of modern edu- Christians have been appointed to catiol1 through translated works. important positions in the government as well as in educational 111- The medium of instruction should stitutions. be in the mother tongue of the students, but one foreign language, preferably English, should be taught

THE NEW CONDITIONS IN CHINA

in the middle (high) schools, and would open the door to all knowlone or two more foreign languages edge, wealth and power." (Italics in the colleges. It is ridiculous to say ours.) that the nation must be taught a foreign language before it can secure With regard to industrial educathe benefit of modern education. tion, there are very many among the ranks of missionaries who do not Bishop H. J. Molony in his paper realize the value of this form of education in meeting the needs of read before the East China Edu- the nation. Most of them have the cational Association in Shanghai, genuine conviction that what China sounded a timely note of warning needs to-day is spiritual enlightenon this point: "It is doubtless worth ment, and that they come here to while for a few students in our China in order to propagate the universities (that is those conducted teachings of Jesus Christ and not by the missions) to sacrifice even to be entangled with other material their own language in order to ob- and worldly obj ects. tain efficiency in modern subjects, but China is deeply attached to her mag- There is no question but that nificent language and will greatly what China needs uppermost is blame us if we allow large numbers Christ. But at the same time we to grJJW up having acquired no taste should bear in mind that Christ for the beauties of Chinese, because Himself also looked after the physical we let them hope that a little English welfare of the men and women with A CATHOLIC INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND, IN SHANGHAI

whom He lived. To enable Chris~ cost; they set their hearts upon tianity to spread .in China, we must doing it in. the face of great oppo- first of all set the hearts of. the sition and at sacrifice of. a great Christians in China on fire that source of revenue. .We even. find they may go out and spend them~ that while =-,on-Chi-istian China is selves for their Master; but at the stretching every nerve to suppress same time they must be provided this evil! one so-called Christian with means that will enable them nation constitutes our real oppo- to bring the Gospel to their fellow- nent.

men. Other. social reforms have also No movement can be made indige- been stimulated in recent years.

nous unless two conditions are. ful- Foot binding is rapidly. deer-easIng.

filled. First, we must have. men In fact the influence of natural and women chosen of God who will feet is so great to-day that we often surrender themselves as living sacri- find that women with small feet will fices. Second, there must. be means like to appear as having natural provided for them and for the feet. Twenty years ago )Vomen with work which they haveuridertakeri. la.rge feet would want to appear To meet only the spiritual .needs a's having small ones.

without also providing' for the phy- . There is also a great awakening sical needs is unpractical. That a an the importance of physical edu- man lives is due to the fact that the catioii. The Far Eastern Champion- soul has a. body for a house. The ship Games conducted in Shanghai mission schools have therefore two in May, 1915, gave us a glimpse of functions to perform; one is to put the real interest that the people have before the student the life-giving, now in matters of physical culture.

sin-purifying and soul-uplifting and Two or three decades ago it would energizing Jesus, and the other is to have been considered as beneath their give him such training as to enable dignity for students to take off their him to be a useful member in so- long gowns and indulge in a game ciety. of football or tennis. Nowadays sons The mission schools are beginning of well-known families take as keen to lay emphasis on industrial educa- an interest in athletics as :10 young tion. This is an encouraging indica- . men of other countries.

tion of the awakening of the missions . The Gibraltar of China to the importance of this action. The most wonderful development The Social Reforms inl'1e last decade, I believe, is the Another thing that encourages us breaking down of the so-called is the social reform. The work "Gibraltar of China," namely, the done along this line has received winning over of the educated Chinese warm praise from the world. The by the Christian forces. Before opium suppression is an outstanding 1900 the whole church of China example of the moral strength of could not claim among its members the Chinese people. When they came any prominent official or scholar.

to realize that opium is an evil and The rank and file of the Christian that it must be eradicated at any 1;>o<;1y . bel0!1ged to the humble and

NEW CONDITIONS iN CHINA

ignorant classes. The missions, of As China advances along these course, have done good work in different lines the position of the giving education to the poor, but missionary must be shifted somethey could not get the ears of the lit- what. Hitherto he has been the erati. Comparing that with the pres- pioneer. He has had to do pracent, we can hardly believe ourselves. tically every form of Christian work Only last year Mr. C. C. Nieh, a by himself. Now with the number grandson of the well-known Marquis of Chinese Christians growing and Tseng Kuo-fan, was baptized with with their standing educationally, so- A PROCESSION IN CANTON IN CELEBRATION OF THE SUPPRESSION OF GAMBLING his mother and wife. Officials now cai1!y and spiritually being constantly holding prominent positions in the rais.ed, the place of .the missionary country, such as the Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Industry, the will· be more and· more that of ad- Commissioner of Foreign Affairs in Hangchow and the Salt Commis- viser, counselor and teacher. We sioner in Fukien, have become Chris- need the help of the missionaries tians within the last year or two. as much as ever; we need men from That they come out definitely for the West who have experience in Christ shows the place where Chris- mission· problems, who can counsel tianity has made its influence felt. and inspire the native Christians and From this time on the Church will who can in a quiet way mold the find its footing among the literati. character of the Chinese workers and help devise plans for the greater advancement of the Church in China.

Forces That Win * .J

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., NEW YORK ~e HRISTIANITY is fac- ask Him to replace them for us. God ing afresh to-day the means to use all these, but our suffi- ciency can not be in any of these . same perilous tempta- things; and we shall do very ill if we do not raise our minds from all tion to which she has these things, and let them rest on Him who is our only sufficiency, even God. succumbed more than No money, no men, no spiritual . once in her history-a power of ours, no latent and buried capacities that come from them, will temptation which our Lord faced, and be of any avail to us unless all these are held and used by the great hands over which He triumphed in the wil- of God. Our sufficiency is in Him. After all, is that not just what religderness. It is the temptation to achieve ion is, the binding back of human life .into God, the thought of God absorba nominal sovereignty over life at the ing and overshadowing and control- ling everything else? price of the surrender of her absolute Our latent spiritual resources are moral judgments, and an abatement of not anything locked up inside our- selves, but all that awaits us in the her supernatural claims. The world great areas of God. God alone will ever prove our sufficient motive. 'The is ready to recognize Christianity, love of God! It will carry us where it carried David Livingstone, where it provided Christianity is willing to be must carry any man, beyond all the power of all lesser motives. The will something else than itself. of God that is the very rule and law of our lives, and we are in danger of los- This temptation does not lie only ing it in these softer days, and under our new educational psychology. on the outer fringes of Christianity, . How differently we should have to read some of our Lord's great saynor does it speak only to its compro- ings if we interpreted them into the contemporary vernacular on which mised tendencies; it is temptation that in dealing with children we rely to- day. is very near to us, and that we face "Wist ye not that it is quite interevery day as we go forward in this esting to me to be about my Father's bl1sin~ss." missionary undertaking: The tempta- "It is of great interest to me to tion to think of our resources on a humctnized basis, to leave out as much of the supernatural as we can. We do not fail to think of the dormant spiri- tual capacities, the buried and latent energies within the Church, the possi- bilities of fellowship, and of prayer, but it is on the level of a broad, natur- alistic psychology that we deal for the most part even with these spiritual resources on which we feel we must rely if we are to compass this task.

God means to use these natural re- sources-so dangerous a thing as money, the lives of men, all these un- developed possibilities that are locked up within our lives. He asks us to use them, and we have no right to "From an address delivered at the Laymen's Congress of Missions, Washington, D. C. work the works of Him that sent me ing at home these great, slumbering while it is day, for the night is com- resources that are in the hands of ing." Christians; the problem of unifying "I am interested in preaching the Christ's Church here and around the kingdom of God in other cities also, world; the problem of calling all for therefore was I sent." these jarring and discordant races of "I am interested in going to J eru- men the fellowship of the family of salem to die." God. There is no wisdom in us for Ah! the old is better: these problems. "God is wisdom. God "Wist ye not that I must be about is Love"; and only as He is our suffi- my Father's business." ciency will we have the spiritual re- "I must work the works of Him source that we need in order to cope that sent me while it is day, for the with the problems that face us to-day.

night is coming." God is also our one adequate re- "I must preach the kingdom of source, on which we can absolutely God in other cities also, for therefore rely. We can not rely upon our- was I sent." selves; we can not rely upon one an- "I must go to Jerusalem to die." other. Much as each of us wishes to We need to get back again into our be loyal to the others, there is only life, and into all our thought, in this One on whom we can surely rely; missionary undertaking-the iron con- in Whose power we can completely ception of the will of God. trust; Whose strength is rich and As the most of us live we find that sufficient and will not fail. God is a the main motive is not the love and the sufficient resource for us. All the will of God alone, but in the very men in all the armies of Europe, and thought of Him as having set us this all the billions of money that we and task, and watching us as we go about other nations have been throwing its fulfilling. away-all those piled together are not We need the resources of wisdom as much without God as one man, as we set out in this undertaking. penniless, with Him. ONE came It is no simple project that we have down to earth and walked to and fro taken in hand. What man knows with men years ago. He never could 'how to deal with the soul? A child have received a maj ority vote. "He of the same God whom we call came to His own and His own re- Father, but of a different race, a dif- ceived Him not." The world that He ferent inheritance, a different environ- came to save raised Him up on a cross ment, who knows how to deal with and slew Him. Alone He was, and that soul? yet by that sign He conquers.

Think over the problems that we God is our only and sufficient must solve in this undertaking, and power. The trouble with us is that the problems of building up in these we are relying on other things. W l movements a living church that shall are bidding one another to be wise be no copy of what we at home have according to the children of the been enabled to reproduce, but shall world. Weare singing to idols in be a freshly reality in the love of God. the name of God-the energies that Then there is the problem of awaken- men use because they have no God

to rely upon-instead of depending We must come back to the Gospel, absolutely and completely upon Him! to the faith in God that Jesus Christ brought, and that He would have us God is not only our sufficient mo- take as we go forth. Our sufficiency tive in wisdom and power, He is our is in Him. Let the other things company also. We may not need slip out of our field of vision for these millions of men, if only we have a time-the $188,000,000,000 of our God. The Wesleys gathered many national wealth-millstones around our neck-and the g:-eat multitudes men around them, but as John Wesley of men, are nothing save as each stands with God–Iet them just slip lay dying, that was not the best to him. out of our thoughts for the moment, "The best of all is that God is with while we think of and .believe in God. us." That is the secret of the power of the Lord. "I am alone, and yet A little while ago, coming down not alone, for He that sent me is on the railroad from Dobbs Ferry, with me." We have that fellowship, with a 'friend, we passed suddenly and it is enough. Many of ua feel from the radiant light of the sun, very much alone, and find it no easy going down in a great sea of gold and thing to share with other men the con- saffron glory behind the Palisades, viction and the purposes that stir our and plunged into the darkness of the hearts. tunnel. Then in the darkness the friend at my side began to recite the Lastly, God is not only our motive lines of Whitehead. "The Second Day and our wisdom and our power of Creation": and our society. God, and only God, is the sure confidence of our I gaze aloof at the tissued roof victory. What He began He will Where time and space are the warp complete. Surely He has strange methods-different from any that we and woof, would have used. His processes go Which the Kings of Kings, like a curbeyond our understanding, but we may be sure that God is not going tain flings, to be defeated in the end; that the O'er the dreadfulness of eternal things. thing He began He is going to But if I could see, as in truth they be, carry through until His purpose shall The glories that encircle me, have been accomplished and His Son I should lightly hold this tissued fold shall receive the crown. With its marvelous curtain of blue and God is the sure hope and confi- gold; dence of our victory. Let us put For soon the whole, like a parched scroll, our trust in Him-not in crowds, Shall before my amazed eyes unroll, nor in popularity, nor in great tumultuous movements of men. Has And without· a screen at one burst be God ever been in these? Has He seen not always been in the still small voice, and the little child, and the The presence in which I have always lonely prophet, and the faithful soul been. that was not drawn by any great tide of multitude, but that rested in In that Presence let us live and God? work, so that God may be to every one of us the great reality, our suf- ficiency.

MRRIER CAN BE ~ATTERED

A CHART PREPARED BY MISS EOITH P. THOMSON AND MISS BERTHA FORBES BENNETT, FOR THE MISSION TEXTBOOK HOLD SPAIN IN NEW AMERICA Misunderstood Mexico * BY MRS. WILLIAM WALLACE, MEXICO CITY Missionary of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

Isaiah 54: II and I3. Mexico, "Othoit afflicted one, tossed with tempest and not comforted, behold I witt la-y thy stones nith fair colors and lay thy, foundations with sapphires-And all thy children shall be taught of the Lord and great shall be the peace of thy children."

Also Acts I6: IO. "And after he had seen the vision, .immediately Ke endeavored to go unto Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us for to preach the gospel unto them."

~, B. '.' EAUTIFUL, wond~rful MexicQ one must more than cross the old Mexico, our near- imaginary line or the river. Your prejudice will take to 'its legs when . est foreign mIssIon you get into the heart of Mexico and the soul of the Mexican people. . field, which is sepa- But you must, go farther than Tia Juana or New Laredo, Nogales or . ' ..,:. rated from the United Ciudad Juarez, to see the real Mex~ ico or the real Mexican. There are , States by nothing but too many long American race. courses, too much bad United States whisky, an imaginary line 2,000 miles long, too numerous terrible gambling holes and other dens of iniquity, too many the Rio Grande, and prejudice, A vices and too few virtues in the bor~ der towns to see Mexico or Mexican~ fascipating country and people under at their best.

our very noses, but as little known and understood by the average Amer- ican a,s is the country of th~ Grand Lama (Tibet). Do you realize that Mexicans are Americans like our- s~lves and North Ameriqm~ at that?

In order properly to undedrstand * An address delivered at the a·nnua1 meeting of the Occidental Board of the Presbyterian Church, in San Francisco, California. Forwarded by courtesy of Rev. Rems,en, Professor of Church History in San FraRcisco Theological Seminary.

Mexico is a huge everything in border, tho Washington tried to physical and general characteristics. make it very clear that the expedition All kinds of climate, all kinds of was merely to run down a bandit who products, all kinds of scenery, and all had invaded United States territory.

kinds of people. These varieties de- Dollars and soldiers by the thousand pend upon latitute, longitude and alti- per day are spent to hunt for a tude. Chilpancingo and Chihuahua are little needle in a great big Mexican as different as EI Paso and New hay stack. "Villa dead or alive"

York. A Guerrero Indian and a Mex- was the slogan! Our small mission- ican City gentleman are as much alike ary army, feeble as we are in Mex- as a Bostonian and a Texan cow- ico, could eliminate every bandit in boy. The Yucatecos and Tabasquefi- a decade on half the expenditure of ians are a species by themselves just money and men, and we could take as native Californians and Yankees all the bandits alive too.

are different. We must not general- Converted or Killed ize in regard to Mexico from too few particulars. How much better it would be to Anyone who understands the land see Villa "converted" than killed. If and the people at all must confess it is necessary to hunt him down that Mexico has been crusht, op- we hope and pray that United States prest and' miserably treated since authorities may act like Christians.

the days of Cortez. Spain, France But what a waste of good money and the United States of America it seems to use it in killing men.

have each given her a whack in There is such a great lleed for schools his own brutal way and for his of all kinds, primary, high, industrial, own ungodly gains. Soldiers of agricultural, for Mexico. We need fortune of many nations have gone medical missionaries and all other to Mexico to exploit her for their kinds, hospitals, nurses. Hardly a own selfish ends, taking all they cent is going Mexico-ward for any could get, and giving, or leaving, of these things while thousands of little in return. They have not dollars pour over to bring poor, even left an impress of good man- ignorant Villa to a murderer's end.

ners or good morals or pleasant Villa is typical of our heathenish memories. neglect of the Mexican people. A Not long ago, Mexico was nearly friend of Villa gave an incident of as large as the United States. Little him not long ago in Palo Alto. A by little (the Mexicans say poco a Mexican mother out in the mountains poco) slices have been carved off. of Villa's country was trying to hush California and Texas, Colorado and her hungry baby to sleep. The Utah, Nevada and Oklahoma, New child was fretting and crying until Mexico and Arizona and once upon the mother could endure no longer a time, quite a chunk of Wyoming when she said, "Hush little one, cry and Kansas belonged to Mexico. no longer. Don Pancho will soon How very strange that Mexico come and bring bread to his chil- should be at all suspicious when dren." What a power such a ban- the United States troops crossed the dit might be, with that tender heart

16] .MISUNDERSTOOD

and with his unquestionable leader- we remember that we are in the ship if only he as a little child had best sense Mexico's keeper? Do we heard the Savior's "Suffer the little feel that it is a waste of time to children to come unto me," or if he help our nearest neighbor? Is our himself had been led in the Way faith in Mexico and her opprest Everlasting. masses so strong that it is contagious, Villa's mountains have been where or is it weak and ineffective? Do we they are ever since the United States believe that all men, even Mexican began to exist. Villa has roamed over peons, were created free and equal?

those mountain tops ever since he Or do we in unholy self-conceit think our own dear baby worth six of Mexico's less favored little ones but still precious in His sight?

However we may feel, or even if we don't feel at all, the Mexican situation has come to such a pass that we must face it. Not much longer can we sit on the fence and wonder who is trying to be President of Mexico this morning. The Mexi~ can Peril affects the United States more than the Yellow Peril ever has or will affect us. The Rio Grande is narrower than the Pacific Ocean and imaginary lines and prejudices are slim barriers of defense. Mex- ico is smashing crockery and commit- ting crime at our back doors and we can not, in self defense, if for no THE ONLY GOD SOME MEXICANS KNOW more noble motive, ignore her dis- turbing performances any longer. As OUf Lord of the Poison-An Image worshipped as a nation we must have peace in the Black Christ in Mexico.

Mexico that we may have it within was born, but like most of Mexico's our own gates.

mountain tops, there are no schools What Shall We Do? there, no teachers, no one to point out the Way, the Truth, and the Now what is the Church 111 the Life. More hopeless still, no one United States going to do about it?

seems particularly anxious to handle The Government may send soldiers the Mexican situation in that way. to Mexico till doomsday and smooth Once upon a time there was a matters over on the outside by mere .wise philanthropist who in times of force but the inner state of Mexico famine would vote for nothing but will be as bad as ever. How quickly a supply of toothpicks. Are not we would resent it, if England or our efforts in behalf of Mexico some- France or Germany were to send what of the foothpick variety? Do even missionaries to Mexico. It

would be almost as objectionable as all in religion, but it is his country, sending. battleships and soldiers. his church, his people, all of which Why! there is a Monroe Doctrine he understands and knows through at Washington! Mexico is a Chris~ and through, far better than we can tian nation, nominally, at least, and ever hope to know them. Whatever is the special protege of the United mistakes Carranza is making, he States. Meantime we sit, Christians shows most excellent judgment in his that we are, like dogs in a manger, choice of men for prominent political while Mexico is perishing for what positions. A number of these men we could give her with hardly any are Protestants, not in name only, but sacrifice. are leading earnest, active, Christian Mexico's saints and idols are being lives. True democracy and Protes- shattered and who will fill those tant Christianity go hand in hand.

vacant niches with better things if Carranza is working for a democracy the Christian people of the United and Mexico is bound to have Protes- States do not supply their places? tant Christianity when she becomes a Listen to this statement from one true democracy. The present minis- of the missionaries now on the field: ter of education in Mexico (Prof.

"Last week the great aristocratic Andres Osuna) was educated for a church of Merida was swept clean Methodist minister. In all Mexico of its idols and turned over to· the the Carranza Government could Students' League of Yucatan for its hardly have found a better man or assembly room. A certain Mexican a more capable one to grapple with whose hands were still covered with Mexico's educational problems.

the dust of the idols he had been The Superintendent of Schools of helping to smash said to a friend the State of Guanajuato is a graduate of mine, 'We saved a few images of the Presbyterian Theological Sem- which we are going to take to the inary at Coyoacan arid later of Wash- public schools and standing them Uj) ington and Jefferson College, Penn- before the children say, 'There you sylvania. English' has been substi- see what a saint looks like and now tuted for French in the schools of you see how he can be destroyed.' Guanajuato. When Mexico and the Then with a hammer the image will United States speak a common lan- be pounded to pieces before the eyes guage there may be fewer misunder- of the children.''' standings.

We can not be 'responsible now for Another Presbyterian is at the either the worship or the desecra- head of the technical schools. An- tion. It is too late. But we can and other has gone about the country will be responsible to God for Mexico explaining to the people the propa- if we put nothing in place of those ganda of the Carranzistas or "Con- smashed images. stitutionalists" as they call them- Gen. Carranza is bitterly opposed selves. A Protestant is Superinten- to the Roman Catholic Church which dent of the Hidalgo State Schools.

,has' held sway in his country for Another is on Carranza's staff, and three centuries. We do not approve many others are in positions, of of hittetness in anytbUrg,. least of influence.

MISUNDERSTOOD

Carranza's ¥inister of Finance is when he sees him, be he Catholic or a Roman Catholic but a very liberal Protestant. It seems as if Presione. His home is across the street dent Carranza must come out right from the Presbyterian San Angel when he has so many good men Girls' School. He is a broad-minded, back of him. well-educated man. He is a lawyer and has read the Bible, and has In the meantime Mexico's people traveled. Carranza chose well his are starving. They are in somewhat financial as well as his educational the same plight as the people of the minister. United States were after the Civil War before the Reconstruction Pe- Here is a translation of a letter riod set in. Mexico's masses in which Carranza's minister wrote to prosperous time.s have not a great a Protestant friend in appreciation abundance and at the close of five of a Bible which the friend hat! years of continuous revolution their given him: case is pitiful. We often wonder My Esteemed Friend: Vera Cruz, March 23, I9I6 I am not going to aCkn07( ledge your fine regard, shown by the personal gift of a Bible, with a verbal expression of my appreciation; and so I am going to express myself in z( riting. The Bible is the book of all the ages, of all nations and all men and no literary education can be conceived which does not put the Bible at the very foundation of the classic studies as one of the chief Z( orks of reference and inspiration.

In my opinion even in the life of a civilian or soldier, most exposed to vicissitudes during this revolutionary epoch, the Bible should be one of the books never Ranting ill his equipage.

In my private library I have a great variety of copies of this Book and especially an edition of Rodriques de San Miguel with a Latin-Spanish text in parallel columns. This perhaps is the editon 1 have most frequently read. In the actual circumstances in "hich 1 find myself I dOll't '1( ish so large an edition and I u auld have been satisfied with quite a cheap copy.

The one you have had the kindness to send me is highly appreciated, not only on account of the book itself but owing especially to the circumstancethat it is the best edition of a small size. This fact guarantees its being kept at hand among the very few books for constant ttsc.

Plcase allow me to I'eiterate to you my gratitude and express my constant esteem as Your affectionate friend and your most attentive servant, Signed. ………………………. .

There are scores of Protestants if as many people have actually who are serving their country in starved to death in Europe as in various capacities, and General Car- Mexico during these horrible days. Last August in Mexico City corpses ranzacertainly knows a good man

of women who had starved to death As to Mexico'. Future were being carried through the Let us bury deep the dead past streets. One of our students counted and cheer up. We can not undo twelve in one procession. Vomen with what we have done, much less can dead babies in their arms went about we undo what we have not done looking for a place to throwaway for these near and needy ones. Char- their little starved bodies. Better class ity may begin at home, but it should women who had some money could not stay there. The Cincinnati Con- not buy food because there was none ference of missionary leaders in 1914, to buy. Five hundred were re- filled Mexico missionaries with fresh ported as dying daily in the Capital hope, new courage, unbounded en- alone. thusiasm and genuine inspiration.

The money question also is in This conference changed the whole a terrible state. Exchange at last Mexican missionary map for all reports was 70 to I, that is one churches that did not refuse to co- dollar of United States currency operate. At Stanford University, brought in seventy Mexican dollars. Mary Antin defined cooperation as We sent over $265 last fall and it "working with the other fellow with- brought 4,000 pesos. Those 4,000 out squabbling." We have agreed to pesos outrivaled the Zarephath wid- cooperate in Mexico (having done ow's cruise of oil. One hundred pesos our squabbling beforehand). The kept seventy babies alive for five world is growing too small for any days. Another 100 aided 68 people. church or individual to plod along Some was used to help typhus vic- alone much longer. To quote a fine- tims (there have been 30,000 cases spirited California rector, his of typhus in Mexico City at one Church's day of solitary cooperation time). Fifty pesos set one poor is about over. He said, "If our widow up in business so that she Church doesn't soon come to its could keep her children from starva- senses on cooperation, something is tion. A sick woman was sent to going to happen." He did not say the hospital, a boy clothed sufficiently what, only looked fierce, as if it to enable him to hunt and get work. might be a "squabble!" The Panama We have all had to make a dollar Congress in April took a stride for- do the work of two at one time or ward on cooperation.

another in our career, but never did Mexico's troubles and trials seem $265 swell to such enormous propor- almost more than we can bear. Her tions. If Mexico had received one- woes and sorrows are almost too heavy half of what had been sent to Bel- a burden. May Mexico soon have gium, or to the Jews of Europe or peace and may the evangelical Chris- to the Armenians, she would be fed tian forces work together to estab- for years to come, for if any human lish righteousness and knowledge, being can subsist on next to nothing, love and a high plane of living that being lives in Mexico. throughout the land.

Forces In

SOME IMPRESSIONS OF THE NEAR EAST CRISIS BY A MISSIONARY IN URUMIA DURING THE MASSACRES 0TH Turkey and Rus- Turks, but ·other Persians did not. It has not been possible for Turkey eBJ~ sia have treat:d north- to spare many soldiers for a Persian western PersIa as a campaIgn. necessary part of their ~ mil ita r y operations, Russia, on the other hand, imme- even before the war diately undertook the invasion of Arbegan. Ten years ago Turkish menia, one road leading through troops ej ected the Persians from a Khoi to Van. Persian neutrality strip of territory along the fron- counted for nothing with either side. tier and occupied it until 1912. The domestic troubles of Persia, due to During the last days of December, the constitutionalist movement, which 1914, the military situation in Transbegan in 1905, gave the occasion for caucasia and a reverse of Persians the sending of Russian troops to and Russians by Turks and Kurds Persia, and at the beginning of the at the southern end of Lake Urumia present war Russia was in military led to orders for the withdrawal of occupation of Urumia, Khoi, Tabriz all Russian forces from northern and other places. The first actual Persia. 'Khoi was never evacuated, hostilities between Russian and Turk- but Tabriz, Marajha, Urumia and ish troops took place on Persian soil. Salmas were evacuated. In a few A month before war between the two days these places were in the posgovernments was declared, Turkish session of Turkish military officers troops disguised as Kurds, and ac- at the head of a large number of companied by Kurds, attacked the Kurdish irregulars and some three City of Urumia, which was occupied or four thousand Turkish regulars. by the Russians. Immediately the whole Christian population was in peril and plunder- Meantime influences were at work ing and massacre began. The Perto prepare the Kurds on Persian sian authorities fled with the Rusas well as Turkish soil to join in sian troops, except in Tabriz, where, the expected jehad. This was easy, largely through the efforts of the as the Kurds are Sunni Mohammed- American Consul, Hon. Gordon Padans. A similar propaganda among dock, there was no massacre or genthe Shiah Persians was less success- eral looting of Christian property. ful. When the war actually began All Christians were obliged to take and jehad was proclaimed, troubles refuge in the American Mission multiplied. Turkish plans contem- compound for a few weeks, during plated a general rising of Persians which the Turks held the city. In on their behalf, and the sending to Salmas the Turks remained for over Persia of large forces. The Kurds two months, and in U rumia for with few exceptions joined the nearly five months.

The mass of Christians in Salmas some definitely enlisted in the Turk- fled with the Russian troops. The ish military service. The green ban- villages of this plain were looted, ner of Islam was clear evidence that and over seven hundred of those who this was a jehad.

remained, mostly old men, women The only voice raised openly in and children, were massacred by the defense of these people was that of Turks. There were not far from the American missionaries. The pro- thirty-five thousand Christians, As- tction, housing and feeding of these syrian and Armenian, in the U rumia thousands for months, cut off from district. Ten thousand of these fled the outside world, without official with the Russians and the remainder status and without the use of force, were driven from their homes, the with repeated evidence of the reality large majority for the whole time of the perils that terrorized our pro- of Turkish occupation. Some found teges, crowded into brief weeks such refuge with Moslem and Jewish responsibilities and sorrows as a long friends, about three thousand were lifetime seldom brings. It required in the French Roman Catholic Mis- continual and intense contact of mis- sion, and the remainder, not less than sionaries, Christians and Mohammed- seventeen thousand, found shelter ans, such as ordinary missionary under the American flag in the prem- work would never involve.

ises of the American Mission. The As one of the few missionaries number killed was over one thou- who were not compelled by typhus sand, and at least four thousand or typhoid to cease work, and as the died of disease consequent on the missionary specially charged with the crowded and unsanitary quarters. responsibility for securing protection, Thus, one-fifth of the Christian popu- I had constant dealings with Mo- lation of the district perished in five hammedans of every position in life months, when there was no battle. and every sort of character: Persfan~, The cruel crimes against women Kurds and Turks. Out of that ex- can not be recorded; but hundreds perience I would speak.

suffered violation, and over two hundred Christian girls and women Friendly Moslems were carried off as captives. Every The Moslems were by no means Christian family suffered loss in united in their sympathy with mas- goods, destruction of houses and life, sacre, and one prominent Mullah while many houses were almost com- urged on his followers that even pletely ruined The Christian quar- to share in the plunder was unlaw- ters in Urumia suffered little, but ful. Many helped individual Chris- those outside the walls were de- tians, hundreds of whom were stroyed. The Moslem population brought in to us from the villages.

suffered very little direct molestation, A Kurdish chief sent in eleven girls tho the indirect loss to the com- who were being carried off by an- munity was universal. other chief. One petty Persian of- The persons guilty of these crimes ficial was in constant communication were the mob of Mohammedan vil- with me all the time as to pro- lagers and city people, Kurds and tection for the people of his village.

16] OPPOSING FORCES IN

Through the Persian governor we numbers added anything to military were able to secure the return of efficiency. The Turks complained many captive girls and women to that the Kurds would rob but would their homes. In everything we were not fight, while the Kurds freely dependent on the good will of Mo- confest that they could not face hammedans; for protection, food and modern artillery. Kurdish Sunnites money. enlisted for plunder only, and the In spite of all these things, which Persians Shi'ites were much divided.

I would not minimize, the moral A proclamation authorizing jehad weakness of Islam was clearly mani- was produced, which purported to fest. The natural kindness of hu- emanate from the chief Shi'ite doc- man nature found expression in spite tors of sacred law at 'Kerbala and of some Moslem maxims and texts Nejef, and the local Mullahs were that could be quoted; the effect of compelled to endorse it, some by be- their religion was not to strengthen ing threatened with a loaded pistol.

the better imp:.tlses. Among the Kurds there was little Men also had not the courage to evidence of religious motives. The follow their better impulses in public, men promoting jehad were men tho they might act upon them in never before zealous for Islam, and private. When the villages were be- the combination of alIiance with one ing ruined, people were being mur- Christian nation in holy war against dered and plundered, and everywhere other Christian nations did not savor there was disorder, the most urgent of true faith. So there was not appeals found only two men ready even military efficiency to justify to act vigorously; one a Turkish of- this crime against humanity.

ficer who shot down looters himself, Altho repeated assurances were and the other a young Persian who given by the Turkish officials that made strenuous efforts to protect persons guilty of crimes against Chris- the Christians. tians would be punished, no one was Islam made itself liable to be ever called upon to answer for such judged by the worst that took place acts. More than this, deliberate mas- when it proclaimed jehad. Dr. Pack- sacres of innocent and untried per- ard, the missionary physician, ap- sons were perpetrated by persons in pealed successfully to the Kurdish the Turkish military service. Every- chiefs for the lives of more than thing compelled us to believe that the a thousand imperiled Christians, but persons most guilty Were those who the Kurdish sheikh held under the encouraged and planned these out- green banner the Christian captive rages.

girls, and they were carried off. The underlying motive of all this As a military measure, the jehad was political and military, and the was a failure. It intensified fanati- leaders deliberately made use of re- cism and hatred and so mUltiplied ligious hatred, race division, eco- crimes and misery. It no doubt in- nomic jealousy and other influences creased the number of men who to destroy the Christian population.

swelled the ranks of irregular sol- The standing of the mission in diers, but neither the zeal nor the the community was a great source of

strength. The mission in U rumia is is only remotely related to Islam. If eighty years old. It has always stood Moslems were· disposed to s.coff at for beneficent service, and for com- Christianity because of the war, and mercial integrity, for the Gospel of there are such Moslems, the procla- Jesus Christ in its social effects as mation of jehad and the subsequent well as its personal application. It atrocities have taken away all point has touched the community in im- from the sneer. measurable human ways. Not only the Christians, but Moslems of every One young Turk official argued at sect and race, look to us for help length with me that religion in the in time of need. This history was present time has no force or applia safeguard and the nearer a neigh- cation to life, and that military bor was to us the more he was eager power is the condition of national to help. One far-reaching influence success. This is the prevailing spirit was the gratitude fo!" medical serv- and this spirit can only disintegrate ices. Another was famine relief. religion, even if that religion be Back of all Was the honor given to Islam. The revolt of conscience Christian character and the work we against atrocity may not find public were doing. In their cooler mo- expression and may seem to accomments at least, men do not believe plish little now, but it will certainly in massacring women and robbing have a profound effect. orphans. The Future of Christian Missions The tributes paid to the mIssIonaries by :Moslems were many, and Whatever the political outcome may often were touching. Strangers in be, missions and missionaries will the street would accost me and thank have a stronger position in the comme for our services to the helpless. munity life of the Near East than ever before, Moslems and Christians will The Future of Islam realize that the true Christian spirit is one of courage, sacrifice, service and The political future of Islam and fidelity. For missionaries to stay at of Persia and Turkey is dependent their posts, and to serve in helping 011 the outcome of the war. The in- the wounded, in rescuing captives, in ner aspects of Islam will also be caring for the destitute, and in proaffected. Strenuous attempts have testing against inhumanity is their been made to arouse the spirit simple Christian duty. It is also the of jehad and of Pan-Islamism. wisest Christian strategy. The re- Speeches, ban que t s, pamphlets, sults amply justify the sacrifice. The threats, promises, and terrorism were appeal to the Christian public in all employed, but they failed to America, if it is only clearly underarouse any real religious response. stood, is surely equally irresistible This failure must react and, what- from the humanitarian and missionever the outcome of the war, the ary points of view. If anyone can inner effect will be disintegration. face the future with hope and cour- The best Moslems revolt at the use age, it is the Christian missionary. of Islam in a political cause, which

William F. Oldham, D.D

THE NEWLY-ELECTED METHODIST EPISCOPAL BISHOP FOR SOUTH AMERICA WILLIAM FITZJAMES OLD- time he was a teacher and then be- HAM was born at Bangalore, came a surveyor in the Government servIce. The "Bridge Builder," made December IS, 1854, his father having famous by Kipling, is. young Oldbeen an English officer in the Indian ham. army. His early education was received at Bishop Cotton's Grammar In the revivals conducted by Wil- School, Madras, India, and at the liam Taylor, 1872 to 1875, he was Madras Christian College. For a converted, and under the influence

of Dr. (now Bishop) James M. Tho- torates in America, at Albion, Mich., burn, he decided to give his life to and in Pittsburgh, Pa., he founded missionary work. On September r3, in 1895 a Chair of Missions at Ohio 1875, he was married to Miss Marie Wesleyan University, and was there Augusta Mulligan, at Poona, India, for five years as Professor of Misand, coming to America in 1879, en- sions and Comparative Religions. In tered Allegheny College, and later 1900 he was appointed Assistant Secthe Theological School of Boston Uni- retary of the Missionary Society of versity. the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in May, 1904, was elected Missionary He was admitted to the Methodist Bishop for Southern Asia. Episcopal Conference in 1883 and went to India, the following year, At the General Conference of the inaugurating the work of the Ma- Methodist Episcopal Church in 1912, laysia Methodist Episcopal Mission Dr. Oldham was elected as one of the at Singapore. In February, 1885, he Corresponding Secretaries of the founded the Anglo-Chinese School Board of Foreign Missions, and now at Singapore, which has now an aver- he has been elected Bishop of the age enrolment of 1,075 boys. In Church and has been appointed to the 1889, owing to ill health, Dr. Old- General Superintendency of the work ham was ordered away from the in South America. Bishop Oldham's tropics and returned to America for ability, experience and genial spirit a period of rest. After spending a make him an unusually valuable adfew months in Denver, he accepted a visor and force in any work that pastorate in Albion. After two pas- he undertakes.

World-Wide Work of Methodists SOME STRIKING FACTS ABOUT THE GENERAL CONFERENCE OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, IN SARATOGA, MAY 1st TO 29th.

BY THE REV. GEORGE HEBER JONES, D.D., NEW YORK m. TJHE Apostles' Creed was dred delegates representing over four recited in ten different million members of the Methodist Episcopal Church (3,620,47° are full . languages by delegates members; a net increase of 298,310 for the four years). representing that num- The total giving for all purposes ~ ber of language areas during the quadrennium amounted to $158,056,992, an average of nearly -• in which the Methodist $40,000,000 a year. Church and par- sonage properties, net value, $226,- Episcopal Church is organized. There 664,223. Paid for ministerial sup- are thirty-four nations and more than , port, $70,II0,479; paid for buildings seventy languages in which the Gos- and improvements, $33,176,377; for pel is preached by the representatives of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions.

There were more than eight hun-

WORLD-WIDE WORK OF THE METHODISTS 59

missions and benevolences, $17,377,- A strong resolution was adopted in 301, an increase of $2,327,708 over favor of the reading of the Bible in the previous quadrennium; for fOl:- the public schools of all states. A eign missions, $6,3II,26r. The Wom- further resolution was adopted an's Foreign Missionary Society also against the appropriation of public raised $3,776,571, making the total funds for Roman Catholic and other for foreign missions $10,087,832. The sectarian schools among the Indians. per capita giving for foreign missions has, however, been practically The Board of Foreign Missions at a standstill for the past mne was reorganized by making the Board years. representative of all sections of the Church in America, with two corre- The Conference took action look- sponding secretaries and with an exing to the reuniting, at the earliest ecutive Committee of thirty members. possible date, of the two great Ameri- Approval was given to the Cincinnati can Methodist bodies (North and plan for the readjustment of mission- South). It adjourned to meet any ary work in Mexico. A lectureship time at the call of the Bishops for to students of Methodist mission the purpose of considering proposals fields was recommended to be filled from the Southern Church. during the coming quadrennium by Bishop McConnell. A world program was adopted and agencies were established for its The scenes attending the retirement practical realization. The Confer- of Bishop Harris of Japan and Koence was challenged to devise meas- rea, and Bishop Hartzell of Africa ures to meet the greatest crisis that were memorable. In view of the has confronted the Church since the changed conditions in Liberia, Bishop time of our Lord. Scott asked for retirement, which was granted. Bishop Stuntz was trans- Since the centennial of the Mis- ferred from South America to Omasionary Society of the Church will ha. Four new bishops were elected occur in 1919 the years 1918 and for foreign lands. Dr. W. F. Old- 1919 were set aside and the Boards ham, after a successful quadrennium of Foreign Missions and Home Mis- as Corresponding Secretary to the sions were empowered to inaugurate Board of Foreign Missions, was measures to celebrate this missionary elected Bishop for all of South centenary. America, with residence at Buenos Aires. Dr. Herbert Welch, President Probably the highest levels of of Ohio W esleyan University, became fervor were reached in the adoption Bishop of Japan and Korea, with of the report of the Committee on residence in Seoul. North Africa Temperance, Prohibition and Public was made a part of our European Morals, which reaffirmed the principle bishopric. Dr. Alexander P. Cam-. of total abstinence and condemned phor, one of the leaders of Negro the license system as a colossal blun- Methodism, and Dr. Eben S. J ohnder, and the issuance of internal tax son, one of the Recording Secretaries receipts by the Federal Government of the General Conference, were to "criminals violating the state laws" elected Missionary Bishops of Africa, as shocking to all sense of moral de- residing in Liberia and Rhodesia. cency; it urged the adoption of national prohibition.

nsettling the Human Pyramid *

BY BISHOP w. F. OLDHAM, NEW YORK r was a quaint saymg It would. seem that in this day of war when the so-called Christian IaI ~ of an old-time divine nations are arrayed against each that the heavenly arith- other, the great masses everywhere metic ran exactly con- would be repelled from the beliefs trary to the earthly of people who are unable to ex- arithmetic. In heav- press their Christianity in their naenly arithmetic if we would add we tional life. ,ye would not blame must consent to subtract, for no man people if they should be shocked increaseth except he that scattereth, and turned away from what seem and if we would multiply we must to be repeated fallacies. But life consent to divide. is usually larger than logic, and the very enormity and horror of this war The same contrary rule applies to seems strangely to have startled the heavenly physics. In our earth masses of the non-Christian world view of things we are inclined to into an awful moral solemnity, so think that the pull is from the top that there is wider and deeper into the bott0111, but the heavenly law quiry to-day than ever as to the of gravitation works the other way, basis on which life may be built and if we would put the religion in order to avoid such horrors. Acof Jesus Christ into any people, we cording to the blest logic of Heavmust begin at the bottom. Our earthly en, strangely enough, the very thing prudences would advise us to secure you and I have considered would a handful at the top, but that does stop the movement, has gloriously not solve the problem, for it has and fundamentally quickened it in always been the defect of privilege practically every land. The masses that it never cares to extend itself. of the plain people practically every- where are moving Christward That, I think, is the meaning of in larger numbers and with greater the philosophy of Jesus when He momentum at this present time than said in His message to John that ever before. "the Gospel was preached to the poor." It is the divine sign. With An Experience in the Philippines that spirit in the religion and that animating principle in the Founder, Let me illustrate by a people whose we do not wonder that "the com- affairs have recently been holding mon people heard Him gladly." the attention of the United States Congress, the Filipinos. The Stars The history of missions will bear and Stripes first floated over the Philout this general thesis, and to-day ippines eighteen years ago, and with the great movements toward Christ are among the common people in the non-Christian world.

*Part of an address at the Laymen's Missionary Congress in Washington.-EnlroR. the incoming of that flag came those Then some more people came and Gospel forces that are the strength they took the other side out, and of this nation. Let the flag go then the front, and we were speakanywhere, and whether the Consti- ing out into the open spaces. Fitution goes with it or not, the open nally the service closed at a quar- Bible must go. The islands were ter past one next morning, and divided between the various evan- everyone of the people there at gelistic forces, and a great religious the beginning was there at the end campaign began. Vhat was the re- with mouth half open waiting for suIt? The masses of the common more. At half-past six in the mornpeople tumbled over each other to ing that company, or a large proporhear that new Gospel, the greatest tion of it, was back at the house event of their racial and national where the weary preacher was stayhistory. Those Filipino folks ing. God bless the entry of those crowded eagerly and heard, so that forces into the Philippine Islands the great difficulty was to get them that minister to a hungry people to quit hearing at any time. who in such large numbers received the Gospel as it was preached. We pity American pastors whose great difficulty is to get people to In the Methodist Missions, in the listen. These wonderful sheep are last eight months, with less than so overfed and so underexercised ten missIOnaries in residence on that we cannot get them to nibble the field, the addition to membership at anything! We have to spend our has been over five thousand. All strength trying to serve up the dishes through the land there are great so excellently flavored as to coax ca- masses of the folks ready to hear pricious appe~jties! But the masses and a great proportion willing not only of the plain Filipino folk, how they to hear but to obey. devoured the proffered foods. In China, again, in a single com- I remember going to dedicate a munion, during the last four years little fishermen's church in a vil- the recorded advance has been somelage. vVe were to begin the serv- thing over seventy per cent. in memice at eight p. m., but word came bership. that the fishermen were out in the bay, and it would be over an hour The Overturning in India before they would return, because the fish must be caught. I was A similar story might be told of asked to baptize several children Korea, with its marvelous movement, and to marry some of their parents and in Japan with its three-year I married one old couple with four evangelistic movement in the villages, or five families of their children, but I want to speak of India. The who also had to be married, all man of India is furnished with in one ceremony. Then other people brains, with philosophic insight, with came in, and as it was a simple little deep possibilities of a religious soul, chapel easily put together, we had but that very man, because of his a kind of local church extension qualities and his position, looked movement by pushing the wall out. upon the earliest preachers of Chris-

tian truth with supreme contempt. to find them in cruel perfection look India said to the first missionaries: to the lowest castes of India, doomed to a life from which there is no "What-you? You people of yes- escape. A man may have intelliterday, a mushroom growth of civili- gence, business acumen, energy, but zation, you come to teach us philoso- he can not cease religiously and phy and religion? Why our people socially to be the low class man at created philosophies, and wrote litera- the base of the pyramid. ture, when your people were naked savages! You come to teach us!" But now comes Jesus Christ and His religion, which in its final analy- Do you remember a saying of sis insists on every man being given Henry Martyn recorded in his diary: a full chance to achieve his man- "If I should see a single high caste hood. Christ's messengers stand Hindu converted and baptized, I there at the foot of that pyramid and would look upon it as a resurrec- teach those people to say, "G,ur tion from the dead"? And Henry Father who art in Heaven." If Martyn, that noblest of souls, burned nothing else had ever fallen from himself out, and never saw that the lips of Jesus Christ this stamp sight. of divinity would be on Him. His messengers are saying to these people That was India. Happily, India at the foot of the pyramid: "Oh, men, does not all live at the top, but, you are not mud-sills, you are not like other lands, is built with the created for society to push your few at the top and the many at faces into the mud. You are your the bottom. By the system of caste, Heavenly Father's sons, and have the most accursed and finished job your place in His universe. Believe of Satan, that pyramid has been in God as One who loves you and favored by those at the top. But sent His only Son that you might in lands where there is the Chris- have fulness of life." tian religion that religion has fought against it. In India you have had VVe can not preach that to a man this piece of Satanic machinery in its so that he believes it and still have perfection, the social prescription fas- him consent to be ground down by tened with the cement of religious all of the other men of his civilizaprescriptions. Here was society, the tion. We can not teach the Fatherpoor and unprivileged at the bot- hood of God without teaching sotom, the privileged at the top; the cial opportunity. priest built it, and whenever the priest builds the social order you Low caste men in India begin to can always know at which end of believe this message and they say: it to look for him. That is the Brahmin. Layer after layer, one be- "Am I too actually a child of God, low the other, the mass of the upper am I"? layers pressing upon the lower until the lower is sustaining the weight Then they step out of the system of the whole, the lowest literally and find that this new teaching is ground into the mud. Talk about true. Enfranchisement of spirit has the mud-sills of humanity; if you want come to them from the kindly stranger hands. Possest by this new idea, a low caste man finds

WORK FOR RUSSIAN WAR PRISONERS

that there is more for him; there gins to be formed, the vOIce of that is a litte village school for his church sounding to the deprest boy and-O wonder I-a little vil- masses will be a most compelling lage school for his girl. Then his voice and a voice vibrant and creamind begins to shoot up to altitudes tive of hope. What happens to that he had never dreamed of, and he pyramid when the bottom steps out? stands up by his fellow-men and calls There is a tremendous movement on to them, "Come out, come out of the in India, and Jesus Christ, that great system; there is free air, Lhere is disturber of foundations that are free Heaven and a new earth for wrongly laid, is deeply agitating the us. We stand here as the children minds of the masses of the people, of God." and strangely enough the very move- ment of these masses is touching the What happens when the low caste gallantry and challenging the chivalry men do this? All through this so- of the best of the souls at the top. cial structure, there is a thrill of No more appealing word has reached expectation, there is a new gospel of the heart of the gallant spirits in t)Je enfranchisement. I know not where the upper ranges of society of India than social gospel ends and where a spiritual the amazing change that is coming gospel begins, but I have an idea to these traditional mud-sills; if they are inextricably joined together Jesus Christ can make men of these in the man whom God has made. then J eSllS Christ must be the Son of God. So when presently whole – layers step out and an entire church be- The Work for Russian Vv'ar Prisoners BY GEORGE L. LEONARD, NEW YORK Corresponding Secretary of the Gospel Committee for War Prisoners.

~T HE war will undoubted- soon after the war began, appears ly bring Russia not only to have been banished providentially. to a political, but also After being imprisoned and sentenced. to a great spiritual to Siberia, this sentence was com- crisis, and the Gospel muted to exile abroad. But "the work among Russian things which happened unto him have war prisoners may prove to be a tre- fallen out rather unto the 'furthermendous factor in this result. Chris- ance of the Gospel." He has thrown tian men and women everywhere will himself heart and soul into the work pray for large fruitage. of the Gospel Committee to evangel- ize his countrymen in German and Pastor William Fetler, of Petro- Austrian captivity. grad, who was banished from Russia on account of his religious work Leaflets are eagerly accepted, and

recent reports tell of courtesies of here I had lost my pocket Bible officials permitting the work, and which my father had bought for me great blessing as a result. Where an as a keepsake, so that I came to the exchange of wOlmded prisoners has camp without a single page of Holy been effected, groups en route from Scripture. The good Bible which had Germany to Russia, through Sweden, become so precious to me on the have been visited by Christian work- battlefield had gone! Where could ers. I buy one? Weeks went by until I found a Lithuanian brother. He had The following letters from some of a New Testament, and out of this the workers among the war prisoners Book we both, searching for com- show gratifying results: fort, were blessed and sttrengthened."

"I distributed the literature which *** you sent me 'in the turnmg of the hand.' I was literally overwhelmed "At that time the fortress of in the barracks, as everybody wanted Novo-Georgiewsk fell. That brought a Bible or aNew Testament. "!hen I2,000 prisoners to our camp. This I walk through the barracks, I often meant for us a new call, 'Up to the see here and there a war prisoner work !' At once I made out an an- with a Bible in his hand, and sit- nouncement that in one of the barting round him four to six men, racks would be held a Russian Evan- sometimes even more, to whom he gelical meeting. The meetings were reads aloud out of the Bible, all at- held every night. More and more tentively listening." of the men came, and all listened with great desire. The room at last *** was quite full. Then God gave us a Russian brother who had been a "I have succeeded in arranging for Russian missionary, and had been a meeting place for our Ruthenian captured. But still we were lacking brethren within the barracks They reading material, until you helped us have decorated this hall with Scrip- out with Bibles, Testaments, and ture texts which were sent to them. tracts. The joy which yo~£ have sup- At the first we had only about thirty plied is indescribable, alld the blessing brethren (converted) in the camp; is very great. Now we have in the now, however, the number of believ- camp twenty-eight newly converted ers has grown to about eighty. Be- brethren, and ten old ones." sides, other war prisoners are arriving at our camp, and among the A cooperating committee has been 'new comers we have also found formed in Great Britain which has'as several brethren. Besides those who are definitely converted, about seventy its chairman Rev. J. Stuart Holden. to eighty are under conviction." The opportunity is unique, the de- Letters from Russian Prisoners mands are countless, and funds are needed to continue and enlarge the "In 1914, on the second of Decem- work of distribution.* ber, I came to the war prisoners' camp in Schneidemiihl with 140 Rus- * Gifts may be sent to the treasurer of the com~ sians. All of us had been captured mittee, Mr. Edwin M. Bulkley, 25 Broad St., New at the battle at Lodz. On the way York City; or to the Editor of the MISSIONARY REVIEW, 354 Fourth Ave., New York City.

A GATHERING OF KRU MISSION

Fighting the Devil In Africa BY REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS, KRU MISSION. LIBERIA. WEST AFRICA ::,fissionary of the Board of Fon ig:l ~Iis i~ns, Mcthod:st Episcopal Church IN)0THING could have doctor the preceding day that a boy ~ been m 0 r e peacefu1 would be found dead in the flver. than that April vVed- Now, wanting to send a message up nesday. A blue sky and to his boy at the mission and no one a bluer sea, with a else being available just then, Sanso steamer lying at on- sent on this small child, watching chor in the harbor, golden sunshine, him along the road until he turned the mission sheep browsing beside me a small hill, when the mission buildroad in charge of one of our boys. ings come into full sight. Just outside the Cabo fishtown a mile distant, Sanso, our native preacher, The little lad walked on until he and a little Wissipo boy beside him, drew near to our small shepherd to walked along the same road toward whom he gave his message, turning the mission. back to town instead of keeping on to the mission. The sheep moved The child had followed Sanso just then and our boy moved with from Wissipo town, fording the river them. When he turned his head and running along the beach at his once more the child had disappeared. side despite the warning of the devil-

The Search land power to bear large crops. The people at Nanah Kroo cut their rice All that long night men were out farms every two years, and in this with lanterns searching through the place, within the past ten years there bush and the farms nearby. We have been five human sacrifices. It watched the gleaming lights and lis- was now rice cutting, and a child tened to the voices, calling, calling, is lost! aud our hearts ached to the break- Days passed, one palaver court KRU GIRL OF LIBERIA after another was held, devil-doctors from far and near were consulted, Worth saving from the "Devil Doctor" conflicting decisions were rendered. One devil-doctor declared that the ing point at thought of that little boy child was being held a prisoner in out somewhere, alone in the dark- the dense bush back 0 f King N affir's ness, while all the time a deadly sus- town. Another said the boy was picion gripped us with sickening fear. dead. A third declared that the names of the witch people holding At rice-cutting time it is the native him were known to him and all their custom to dedicate the farm with a movements watched. We could do human sacrifice, the human blood and nothing but wait and pray. For a parts of the oody being made by week the suspense remained unlifted the devil doctor into country medi- while the judges "sweated" the peocine which is supposed to give the ple, "ate them up," as the natives put it, in the fines imposed. Since the lad had followed Sanso, they held him and forced him to pay an atone- ment for the loss of the boy, putting a second fine on him in a few days, followed closely by a third, tho they acknowledged he had nothing to do with the death of the child. Then the guilty ones were named, three Cabo men and a Cabo woman. One week from the day the boy was taken, the sasswood court was held and the four suspects were made to drink the poison.

The Punishment Sasswood is a deadly poison, most bitter to the taste, and it is admin- istered in wholesale doses, quart after quart being poured into the victim un- til he is full. While undergoing the test there are some things he is forbidden to do. He may wear no

FIGHTING THE DEVIL IN AFRICA

clothing whatever, he may not sit in palm oil and ate it with rice as down, nor spit, nor wipe the sweat they eat fish or chicken, and gave from his face, and he may not speak some of it to other men in his quarin a low voice. He must shout, else ter. This is witchcraft and savagery he is a witch. practised within ten minutes' walk of the mission and in spite of the weekly I f he vomits the sasswood, he is preaching of the Gospel! declared innocent and guns are fired in token of joy. But if the sasswood A KRU DEVIL PREACHER passes from his body through the intestines he is judged guilty and These men are full of all evil, murder, adultery, is driven away. If he retains it, and theft and hatred. Is there any doubt as to the dies, he is guilty. If he retains it, need for those who teach the love of God? and lives, through some trickery in making the medicine, then he is a Prior to his arrest, Brofly told witch man for truth, his witch being something of his life in a testimony more powerful than the witch in the meeting. "My father's brother," said sasswood, and he is exiled for seven he, "was a devil-doctor and he. taught years.

Under the present test one diedand died quickly. He was an old man, very quiet at all times that we saw him, a regular attendant at our church services in his town, a quaint figure in his long overcoat and high beaver hat, but a man trained 'n witchcraft from his boyhood and with a heart as black as pitch. After drinking the sasswood he shouted, "I be Brofly. I killed the boy. I, Brofly, killed him. I was coming from my farm with a bundle of bamboo on my head. I caught the boy on the road and hid him in my farm. Then I killed him I" The words had barely left his lips when, with one convulsion, he fell to the ground, dead-fell with a thud like the explcsion of a cannon, his tongue hanging out like a dog I Cannibalism and Witchcraft The most horrible feature of this witchcraft crime was the fact, developed that same day, that Brofly carried some of the flesh of that murdered boy into town, cooked it

me witchcraft. One day a devil- This leper was reaping the har- doctor asked me: vest of a filthy life, poor wretch, pressing on to his own kindred in " 'You fit to dig in a dead man's Dew, a score of miles away, to grave and bring me a piece of the cloth from his body?' "die at the beach" (i. e., at home).

"I answered, 'I fit it,' and brought He asked permission to rest here for the cloth and he made me a big the night, and he was not denied, war medicine. tho every precaution was, taken against infection. 'vVe cleared the "Another time the .devil-doctor said ground in a shady, isolated part of to me, 'Are you fit to do something the mission grounds, put up a rude I ask you?' I said; shelter against rain, cooked him a good breakfast and left him to rest " 'Yes.' there. Toward evening we took "'Will you sleep all night on top him food again and plenty of fresh of a dead man's grave in the grave- water. and built him a cosy camp- yard ?' fire, for the nights are cold. We "I did it and told the devil-doctor talked to him about his soul, but and he sent me back to get some his thoughts, alas! were centered upon of the sand from that grave and gin, which the mission, naturally, ,with it made me war medicine. Then would not permit to be furnished. I married a witch woman and she Next morning, after eating a hearty taught me more witchcraft. If I have breakfast and receiving rice, fish and done this thing I shall be like my biscuits to take with him, he departed uncle. 11y uncle died in sasswood on his painful way, assuring us that for witchcraft and he died quickly, we had done him good. and if I have killed this boy I shall die like him, almost at once." A Missionary Collection in Kru Land As he had said, so it was.

The Leper-Moral and Physical But there are some bright things to report from Kru Land. The Three days later there tottered up darkest shadows ca~ not wholly blot to the mission from this same Cabo out God's sunlight. "The blue of fishtown, a young Cabo man, Saka, heaven is larger than the cloud." in the last stages of syphilis and Easter Sunday was a golden day, leprosy-hands gone, legs almost gone, sunshiny without and sunshiny within eyes drawn upward, harsh, broken the little bamboo church in Wissipo voice, his body a mdS~ of putrefying town, brave in its decorations of sores and unspeakable stench-the palm branches and banana plants. most utterly loathsome and pitiable object to be seen in all heathendom. For a week previous the mission- To our shocked gaze it seemed as ary had been conducting services, tho all the evil in that devil- using lantern slides on the last week ridden witchcraft town had fastened of Christ's life on earth. Deeply atupon him and issued forth to sit tentive audiences overflowed the down upon this clean mission. The church and much feeling was manifirst thought that" flashed into our fested, culminating in Good Friday, minds was Isaiah I :6. when most of our women spent the

16] FIGHTING THE DEVIL IN AFRICA

entire day in the church, fasting Poisoning, Leprosy and Boa Constric- and pt:"aying, preparatory to receiving tors (for we have a standing dispute the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. with the serpents over the ownership It was that night when, crossing the of the mission fowls) ? You are river on his way to church, the powerless to share this burden with missionary found the water running us. But there is another burden so swiftly that it took ten boys, swim- ming five on each side of the canoe, to keep it from being swept to sea!

At the week night services we had reminded the people that Sunday was the church's Foreign Missionary Day, and said we should take no regular collection, only giving oppor- tunity to those who loved Christ for the great sacrifice He had made for them to deny themselves in return and make a sacrificial offering to Him.

How the people did give on Easter morning! On a table within the chancel were large pans which the people quickly filled with palm-ker- nels, rice and some money, including two silver finger rings, dear to the Kru woman's heart. Underneath the table were bundles of fiber, pieces of cloth, pans and plates, and half a dozen fowls. Our mission boys, at their own suggestion, went with- out a morning's meal in order to have the rice to give. Better than . all, the power of the Holy Spirit fell upon the people and several felt the touch of God upon them.

That morning we baptized nineteen out of heathenism into Christiar.- AN AFRICAN HUMAN FETISH ity, and received nine into full mem- bership. pressing heavily upon us which you An Appeal can lighten-even remove-if you Dear home friends, would you will, the crushing burden of securing want to live through such a fort- necessities for the boys our mission night as your missionary representa- is gathering up out of these filthy tives have just lived through-a fort- heathen towns into the clean, en- night of Witchcraft, Kidnapping, lightening, soul-reviving environment Murder. Cannibalism, SasswQOd of a Christian mission.

THE AMERICAN AND CHINESE STAFF OF THE PRINCETON CENTER I N PEKING The Princeton graduates in the group are: Robert R. Gailey, A.M ., '97, in the middl e of the bottom r om; .D. W. &lwards '04, two seats to Mr. Gailey 's . J'ight; J. S. Burgess '05, next to the last on the right o f the second row; L. D. Howell '13, third from th e right in the top row.

HEADQUARTERS OF THE PRINCETON Y. M. C. A. WORK IN

Princeton's Work In China * BY JOHN STEWART BURGESS,. PEKING, CHIN A Associate General Secretary, Y. M. C. A., Peking COOLIE out in the ficial and student constituency, the op- country districts of portune time in which our activities China, when he learns were started, and its wide outreach and that a traveler is an varied activities, has an absolutely unique American, says: "Amer- and influential place in the life of the ica is the best country in New China. the world. She alone of all the nations treats us justly and fairly and is our Dr. John R. Mott's estimate of Princefriend." Many high Chinese officials in ton's enterprise may be judged from a China's capital come unofficially to our recent utterance: American minister, Dr. Paul S. Reinsch, to ask advice and counsel on questions "Among all the universities of Euwhich that nation is having thrust upon rope and America which have related her. themsel yes in a practical and helpful way The diplomacy of John Hay and the to furthering the progress of the Chrisvast amount of altruistic service, by hos- tian Religion and of the highest civilizapitals, colleges, Young Men's Christian tion in non-Christian lands, I know of Associations and other organizations none which has recognized and seized a conducted by Americans, have all given larger and more significant opportunity the citizens of America, including busi- than Princeton has done in bringing its ness men and diplomatists, as well as influence to bear upon students and other members of the distinctively Christian classes of young men in Peking. The undertaking, a pre-eminent opportunity place to bring power to bear is where of influence in the Chinese Republic. power can' be most widely and most ad- Princeton's enterprise in Peking, on vantageously distributed. This princiaccount of its location, its important of- ple is illustrated in a remarkable man- ner by the Princeton work in this cap- ital city of China. The work being done –~ From The Princeton Alumni Weekly, Mar 31, 1916.

there has sent out a strong and helpful technique of science, of republican instiinfluence through the entire Chinese na- tutions, and of social progress. tion. In concentrating upon the edu- cated classes in Peking and seeking to Princeton at the Political Center influence their ideals and habits, Prince- Princeton has chosen as her sphere ton men have been striking at the heart of operations in changing China the ful- of the great need of China." crum of influence, her great capital of one million population. To that im- In Old Peking perial city come up the officials from The Princeton Center is put down in- every province and district to receive a1>- side the huge walls of the ancient cap- poi.lltmellt5 for every post, from the head ital of the oldest and largest nation of of the town post-office to the provincial the world. The landmarks of the past governorship. Not only are the mighty are about u,'. In erecting a four-story hosts of national officials in our city, but modern building we had to lay deep as it was recently estimated by Hi5 Ex- foundations because of the loose charac- cellency Liang Chi Chiao, Minister of ter of the soil; but as far down as the Justice, forty thousand "expectant offiworkmen dug they found the bricks and cials" (a class of men existing also in relics of bygone cities. Near this build- America, but not thus publicly desiging is the Imperial Palace, from which nated /) are constantly in the capital. for five centuries have gone out the mandates, first of the Ming and then of the In the fall you can go down to the Ching dynasty. The fortress of national railway stations outside the massive Confucianism, the great Temple of front gates of the city and see thousands Heaven, held to be the exact center of of young men pouring in from the Hanthe universe, is but a short ride from kow and Tientsin Railroads, corning up our Association. Great trains of camels, from every province to the universities just as in the days of which Marco and colleges of the great student center Polo wrote, still file out through the of the Republic. There is in Peking great city gates, making for the Mon- the Government University, with French, golian trail. German, British, American, Japanese and Chinese professors, and some twelve hun- But in the midst of the old are the dred students in its departments of eneven more significant marks of the new. gineering, political science, law and The streets are wide and well paved, literature. A Higher Technical CoIlege and over them pass the bicycle and au- with its great machines, the Customs tomobile. The ancient Hal! of Classics, CoIlege, which trains the officials that the most sacred spot of the scholars of are to control the great income collecting another day, is now lighted with electric- systems instituted by Sir Robert Hart, ity, and is connected with all parts of the the Higher Normal CoIlege, four law city by te1ephone~ The modern city colleges, and many other schools combine water system has all but crowded out the to make up the forty institutions of squeak of the wheelbarrow loaded with higher learning that are training seven well-water. And, more important than thousand college men to be leaders 6f any external changes, such as the cut- the new China.

ting off of queues and the introduction A Confusing Situation of western clothing, is the coming of new ideas and even the rise of a totally Imagine the problems that these young new vocabulary. The country peasant in men are facing. For the first time in the vain tries to read the city newspaper, history of China thousands of students fulI of new terms, words covering the have assembled in the large cities. Previ-

PRINCETON'S WORK IN CHINA

ously they went up to the provincial or Princeton's Beginning national capital only to take their examinations, but now they are grouped in In 1906 R. R. Gailey, '97, rich in excolleges. The landmarks of the past have perience a:nong the college men and ofbeen swept away. The old educational ficials in Tientsin, accompanied by D. system is considered archaic and much that is good has been swept away with Vv. Edwards, '04, rented a large pawnthe incoming of the new. Their very pi:Iars of ancient morai:ty and civiliza- shop on one of the main streets of Petion, the principles and teachings of Con- king. A small group of young men oi fucius, are by many considered to be the student and merchant class were inadequate for the present crisis. The bound together in what was known as nations of the West have forced China "The Green Age Association of Peking," to adopt the progressive methods <of a the Chinese translation of Young Men's new world. It is natural that the students Christian Assoc:ation.

Now, on the site of the pawnshop is a massive four-story building, one of the most imposing in the city. College men, STUDENTS AT WORK IN THE COMMERCIAL COLLEGE CONDUCTED BY PRINCETON MEN should feel, as one of them expressed young officials, Chinese who have studhimself to me in a class in the Higher ied abroad, young merchants, altogether Normal' College: "We have long de- over two thousand of the picked, propended upon the moral principles and gressive element of young China, are sanctions of Confucianism. You see to united in this great slub. They throng what an ineffective state following these our social rooms, make use of our pool ancient precepts has brought us. Now parlors, gymnasium, bowling alleys and we wish to find out the way to acquire shower baths. They live in our dormitormodern industry, to gain wealth, to build ies, they attend lectures on every conceivup an army and navy and to have power, able subject, which are held in the hall so that we may compete on equal terms holding over a thousand people. They with nations of Europe, with the United crowd our restaurant, where both Chi- States and Japan." It is not surprizing nese and foreign food is served. In the that after only nine years of contact with summer months they swann our roof Western education, in the mdst of the garden where ice cream and drinks can confusion of a new-thought world and be obtained. Last, but not least, they of new methods, young China overlooks come in great numbers to see that indisthe moral and religious foundation of pensable feature of all modern life (so our western civilization and life. faithfully patronized also by Princeton

undergraduates) the moving picture passed by the outside of the building on show. Often as many as twelve hundred a dark night. Lined up along the crowd our auditorium to witness the street are jinrickshaws, canvas-covered antics of the indefatigable Charlie Chap- Peking carts drawn by mules, a car- lin or to have the processes of a new riage or two and even an automobile; world revealed to them by scientific and the entry is stacked with bicycles; all educational films. are the conveyances of 500 men and boys who are inside struggling with Its Significance the rudiments of the English language, the key to Western learning and com- The significance of this great Prince- mercial success. In the beginners' ton Club for the social and moral welfare class a man of forty will be sitting of the young men of the city can be perhaps by a lad of fifteen; a well- be grasped only when it is realized that known professional man beside an ap- hitherto the center for social and recre- prentice. In one advanced class alone ational Ii fe for many students and offi- last winter were members from three cials has been the licensed red-district. of the government boards, a telephone In the days before the erection of this operator, a librarian, a bank clerk, and building students and young officials the head of 5anitatiol1 for the city. justly said that there seemed no other spot for their dinners, games and even These are the evening classes alone. political discussions than this quarter, In the daytime there is a regular com- full of tea-houses, hotels, theaters amI mercial school of 200, all expenses of pool-rooms. The dual deficiencies of Chi- one hundred of these students covered nese life, the lack of an interesting home- by one Chinese philanthropist who has life and the absence of wholesome recre- come to believe in the efficiency of ation, have made possible the degrading the organization. Here are the fu- influence of this section of Peking. China, ture bankers and business men of the once the most moral country known, has country. The first class is graduating been thrown open to the influences of this spring. Anyone who has had the the West, and has added our temptations slightest dealings with Chinese cur- to her own. New drugs and drinks and rency-and, it goes without saying, got diseases, hitherto unknown, have crept in the worst of it-will agree that the alongside other innovations from the Oc- training of young men in the only cident. A misunderstanding of the so- finance college of the capital is a great cial ideals abroad, the influx in the great contribution to the business life of cities of thousands of young men for China. The added fact that the nation the first time free from the restraints of is just entering a new industrial age family or village life, the "new freedom" will give significance to this particular which has come in with the Republic, part of Princeton's. work. and in many cases the rejection of even the best in China's past-all have com- Chinese Leadership and Support bined to bring about an acute and dan- gerous situation. As competitor to all It must not be imagined that four this stands Princeton's social and recrea- American Princeton men single-handed tive club. are conducting this great social and educational enterprise. That would be To be true to Princeton's ideal of poor generalship. The men there are scholarship, of course tthe work must the advisors and inspirers of a staff have its educational side. Any alumnus of twenty-two Chinese cooperators. . touring the Orient would certainly be Moreover, for every dollar which convinced that it had if he merely Princeton men give for the support

PRINCETON'S WORK I:-J CHl:~A

of your foreign secretaries, the Chinese The Chinese Cooperating themselves give two and a half to cover the entire local expense of the work. No American in China has a greater Princeton sends $10,000 yearly, while number of influential Chinese as his the local budget of $25,000 is raised personal friends than "Bob" Gailey, the entirely from Chinese sources. Be- pioneer of Princeton's work. Mr. sides the large income from member- Gailey's early fame as Princeton's AUship dues, dormitory rent and educa- American center on her victorious foottional fees, the Chinese officials and ball teams has been far eclipsed by his merchants of the city, who thoroughly national prestige in changing China. believe in our work, subscribe liberally. He has been instrumental in organiz- Yuan Shih Kai personally contributed ing the local directorate of our Assoone thousand dollars a year, and each ciation from the leading young procabinet member gives a hundred. gressives of the capital. The Presi- dent, C. C. Wang, Ph.D., a Yale man, His Excellency Wellington V. K. is now head of the Board of Accounts Koo, the present Minister of the Chi- of the Chinese Government. The Vicenese Government in Washington, says: President is General Chang, Military "Princeton graduates have been ma- Advisor to President Yuan .and head king their influence for good felt among of the great popular anti-opium movethe people. whom they are helping. ment, a man who went to England to They have been encouraging the de- adddress the British Parliament on the velopment of physical education and importation of opium. The treasurer is have been using every opportunity to second in control of the National Bank help develop the Chinese youth physi- of China, and the secretary has recally, intellectually and morally; and cently become head of the college their work is very much appreciated department of the Government Uniby the Chinese people, as is evidenced versity. in the hearty way in which they are supporting this work." This organization of progressive Chinese has not confined its activi- Princeton Men Abroad and Their ties to the walb of the building, but Backing has taken the whole of Peking, with its million population, as its field Several college generations are rep- of operations. The work of the physiresented in the Princeton Center staff cal director, Amos N. Hoagland, '06, in Peking: R. R. Gailey, '97; D. W. illustrates this point. Our gymnasium is a beehive of calisthenic classes, bas- Edwards, '04; J. S. Burgess, '05; A. N. ketball games, and track events, but Hoagland has been reaching out toward Hoaglapd, '06, and D. W. Carruthers, the' athletic development of the sehools '15. A Chinese graduate student, Mr. and colleges of the city. Intercollegiate Tong, has recently joined the force in basketball, track, and foothall have been Peking, and is to have special rela- organized. To a generation of students tion to the large group of students who whose one idea was to burn the midhave returned from their studies night oil and feverishly to seek Westabroad. These Princeton men in Pe- ern knowledge, we have brought the king are sent out by the Philadelphian gospel of a wholesome physical devel- Society through the International Com- opment. To a class of men prey to mittee of the Young Men's Christian the ravages of tuberculosis, we have Association. Princeton's over-seas in- shown the healing power of outdoor terest is now a vital and integral part life. Students at first used to "quit" of the whole religious and social service program of the university at home.

if they saw that their team was going Inter-Church Campaign for College to be beaten; to them has been brought Men the cooperative and loyal spirit of Old Nassau, that sees the game through Convinced that for the sages of the and cheers both winner and loser alike. New China and for the progress of the Christian Church, the time had come for By permission of the Government, in concerted action in presenting the highthe park surrounding the Altar of est ideals of a Christian civilization to Heaven Princeton men helped organize these leaders of a new age, the Princethe first national track meet of China. ton group in Peking arranged for the Last year Hoagland headed the Chinese VISIt of Mr. G. Sherwood Eddy. national team, which in the Far East- Through influential Chinese friends, ern Olympics in Shanghai, defeated the permission was secured to erect a large teamS' of Japan and the Philippines. mat-shed in the gardens of the Forbid- den City, a place no one of us had even In China the educated classes have, entered before. Under the leadership since the days of Confucius had grave of Princeton men, two hundred of the scepticism on all religious questions. foreign and Chinese Christian leaders Confucius said "I can not under- of the city were organized into training stand man. How can I expect to give classes to prepare to meet the religious you any knowledge about the gods?" and moral problems of young men. A The influence of the wonderful trans- special course of study on fundamental lations of Darwin, Huxley, Spencer, Christian beliefs was prepared by one Adam Smith, and Mill, that were made of the Princeton staff. On the day of forty years ago by the greatest living Mr. Eddy's first meeting, a half-holiday scholar of China, Yen Fu, have by un- to all college men of the city was given warrantable inference added many new by the Minister of Education, and four anti-religious arguments to traditional thousand of them, together with many sceptical views. Moreover, according to of the younger officials, attended the a Chinese scholar who reads English, first session. The lasting results were the, distinctly religious references in beyond all expectation. For eight Darwin's writings are omitted alto- months there was an average attendgether in the translation. The college ance of over five hundred in the group students are all familiar in a superficial classes held in eleven different churches way whh the general principles of these in the city. Four hundred other young books and have assumed from them men, who either refused to go inside a that the whole of modern scientific church or who had become interested thought is against religion. Little or in Christianity through other meetings, nothing of the more recent scientific held their clas'ses in our building. In literature which gives the spiritual im- many churches of the city the result plication of modern thought has yet has been that great numbers of a totally found its way into the Chinese lan- new social class, and that the leading guage. class of China, have become active members. The whole Christian move- Forced to be leaders in colossal devel- ment in Peking has assumed a new opments along modern lines in education, aspect through this campaign, and hithin government, in social reform, and in erto unreached groups have been openeQ industry, these young men are groping up to the influence of Christian activi~ after the secrets of national strength, tieS'. which can be found in religion and morality alone.

PRINCETON'S WORK IN CHINA

A City-Wide Social Service Program the college men of the city, the map has been divided into four sections, each There is abroad among the young college having its own sphere of in- Chinese a most ardent patriotism. This fluence. One New Year's Day fifty thouintense desire to help China has some- sand moral reform and health calendars times found its expression in the cut- were distributed by five hundred colting off of fingers in order to write, lege men from house to house. The with blood, petitions to the Emperor. club members met in their own college, Frequently Chinese young men come to and going out two by two they covered your' Princeton representatives and say, the streets in their own special portion "What can I do for my country? Will of the city. People who witnessed colyou not tell us by what methods we caJ'! lege men for the first time in history make our nation strong and effective?" doing the work of coolie and messenger were utterly astonished and concluded There is plently to be done in a na- that a new spirit had gotten into the tion where half the people scarely know city. It had. where the next meal is to come from and where eighty per cent. can neither Social Institutions ot Peking read nor write. Your Princeton delegates have endeavored to direct this Far more important than the work splendid new patriotism into channels of actually done by these college men is intelligent service. their beginning an accurate study of social conditions which will give the In 1912 a club of forty college men necessary information for a more comwas organized, called the Peking Stu- prehensive and far-reaching social prodents' Social Service Club. This has at gram. First a careful survey of the present a membership of more than six forty social institutions of the capital hundred, drawn from nearly every col- was made, including poor-houses, orlege in the city. It has opened and phanages, industrial homes, hospitals manned the first public playgrounds in and many other Chinese government in- China. It started five free night-schools stitutions. Some were run very well, for poor boys or college servants where others were in a horrible condition. It all the teaching is the voluntary work is the hope of the Princeton men to of college men. It has sent out lec- organize all working in these instituturing teams to ten the people of the tions into a social union of the city, duties of citizenship in the new Repub- wherein new and progressive methods lic, to instruct them in hygiene and shan be discust and where the plans household sanitation and to warn them shaH be determined upon for the best against the dangers of immorality. The possible use of the meager equipment Christian members of the club, who are already in China's capital. relatively few in number, but the driving power of the whole organization, A model orphanage, where fifty boys have combined with the message of so- and fifty girlS', many of them rescued cial reform the deeper Gospel of Christ from the Hankow fire, are educated and His kingdom. One summer, lec- along industrial lines, has been reorgantures were held in the open. playground ized under the leadership of the Princefor ten evenings, and the attendance of ton secretaries, and a group of Chinese men, women and children who sat on who have studied in America. It is be-' mats to see 1antern s1ides and to hear ing conducted not only for the benefit the lectures by the studentS' averaged of the children, but as a demonstraover five hundred a night. tion of one model charitable institution.

For the most effective organization of

Diverse Activities group classes in the study of Christian- ity. Already one member of the class Many other forms of work have been of 1916 has decided to go out for a entered into by the Princeton Center in year, and that at his own expense. Peking. It was they who rented a great temple, with its ample grounds, Princeton Just Beginning outside the walls of the city among the VIestern Hills. This has become the Princeton has made a good beginning Northfield of China, and here each sum- but has only started to enter into the mer several hundred students meet for position of leadership which is potentl~n days and get refreshment of body tially hers. The equipment is entirely and inspiration of soul. It is even whis- inadequate. We need another building pen'd that they have lent a hand at in the great student center of the city, c:mferences for girl students. It was which is two miles from our present under the 1ea:Jership of one of the staff, plant. We neee! four more Princeton D. W. Edwards, 'O-l, that there was men at once, OIlC to cooperate in this organized the Student Volunteer Move- ~reat social and religious program of ment for thc Christian ministry of the city, one to heJp in the deve/opment China. The Y. M. C. A.'s of ten schools of the boy-life of Pekil1g, especially of of the city with a membership of over twenty-five thousand primary school stu- 60ll students have been made into a mct- <lents. Two more men are needed for ropolitan system and snpervisecl by the f;cneral executive work in the new plant. Princeton men. They should be on language study at once, in order to be ready in two years An account of the work for the In- for active work., Two Princeton graduternational Guards, protecting their va- ates are already available for these posirious legations il1 Peking, would be a tions if their salaries can be secured. long story all of itself. Princeton for We need financial support for the openthe last eight years has' always had one ing of the first social settlement of all of her graduates leading in athletic, edu- China, for the equipment of a modern cational, social and religious activities play-ground and athletic field and for for these men of many nations, now meeting a large number of other minor many of them on the battlefields of Eu- needs. rope. To quote Mr. Frederick Moore, formerly of the Associated Press, "Pe- Up to the present time Princeton's king would be a different place without annual contribution to her Peking enterthe Princeton men and their work. prise has never exceeded $10,000, all of I know of the work you do for the which has gone toward the budgets of American and other soldiers of the Le- her own men on the fidd; the Chinese gation Guards in the Soldiers' Y. M. have looked after the running expenses. C. A. That is the only public place Our undergraduates eontributed this for the soldiers that is not a beer-hall year one thousand dollars toward this or a brothel." D. W. Carruthers, '15, work. is attacking this line of work vigorously. There is no choicer field of oppor- It is planned to have three or four tunity for service and influence in the of the best members of the graduating world than the one entrusted to Princeclass of the year selected to go to Pe- ton. It is an enterprise for which from king on a one-year term of service, to many other sources it would not be difwork among the English-speaking Chi- ficult to secure either men or money, nese students of the capital, whether in but this is Princeton's unique chance. athletics, social service, or in teaching

A GROUP OF COUNTRY PEOPLE IN GUERRERO

Reconstruction In Mexico BY G. B. WINTON, D.D., NASHVILLE, TENN. Author of "Mexico To·day."

ItTIHE affairs in connection the United States, as well as New York with Mexico that have and Washington, and who are aided in been of late most promi- laying on the colors by the politicians nently brought to the at- who are trying to discredit the present tention of the American administration. • . public have not been the really important developments in that The northwestern corner of Mexico, country. especially the State of Chihuahua, has suffered a great deal. It has only two There is no reason for war between standard industries-stack-raising and the United States and Mexico, and it is mining. Its farming operations are lim- not desired by either of the govern- ited and precarious, depending almost ments. Selfish and unpatriotic citizens wholly upon irrigation. It is thinly set- of both nations have sought to bring tled and hence lends itself to revolution- about such a conflict and they have been ary operations. It was there that Ma- much aided by partizan politics in the dero nursed into life his armed move- United States and by a sort of national ment against Diaz, which succeeded, let hysteria to which people seem subject it not be forgotten, only through the when stirred up by the "yellow" press. open sympathy and cooperation of American citizens'. To that same region Conditions in Mexico are nothing like returned the vain and overrated mule so bad as they are usually represented. driver Orozco, when Madero gave him The gloomy pictures of Mexican affairs only $30.000 for his services instead of are painted by the exiled politicians of the $100,000 which he demanded. He Mexico who throng the border cities of

then organized his illiterate cowboy fol- of Saltillo and San Luis Potosi and relowers into a band of colorados ("reds," turn via Aguas Calientes, Torreon and because they carried a red flag and pro- Chihuahua, taking practically no risks in fessed some sort of socialism), who doing so. robbed and harried the country for months. The important matters in Mexico are the cohesion of the Carranza group of Later, when Madero's friends bega·n leaders, the solution of the monetary a revolution against the assassin usurper situation, the rehabilitation of the rail- Huerta, another Chihuahua mulete~r ways, and the final elimination of bri- (and bandit, this time) forged forward gandage. The incursion of American and became a "general." This was troops in pursuit of a few bandits I~ Francisco Villa, so called. His name is important only in the risk it brought said to be Dorateo Arango. By reason upon us of getting into an armed conof a strain of real military genius, he flict with the whole Mexican people. It came to take a prominent part in the afforded, to be sure, a safety valve for new revolution. But, like Orozco, he the belligerency of our jingoes and gave would not remain faithful to any prin- our soldiers some excellent practice. ciples or group longer than he was able Otherwise it amounted to nothing at all. to have his own arbitrary way. When We have run down and shot a few he rebelled against Carranza, in the fall bandits'-good riddance, no doubt, for of 1914, it was a more serious matter which the Mexicans are duly grateful. than the defection of Orozco from Ma- But they could have done that even betdero. Yet within a year he too had ter. The American "invasion" has been driven into the fastnesses of Chi- given the enemies of Carranza in Mexhuahua, where for six months more he ico a pretext for nagging at him and has again been vexing the countryside. enabled the bandit captains to recruit a Naturally affairs there are now a good number of innocent boys who believe deal demoralized, and in EI Paso and that they are defending their country. along the border near there the corre- The Big Bend raid was simply an inspondent can gather up harrowing cursion of thieves. People of that type stories of "conditions in Mexico," which infest that whole desolate, forsaken land are perfectly true. on both sides of the river and have from time immemorial. This band did not even For months there has been quiet in own rifles nor leaden shot for their all the thickly settled States of the east- cheap shotguns. The soldiers they murern and southern parts of the great dered were killed with brass' slugs and Mexican plateau. Such fighting as has pieces of nails. One who has been in taken place has been along the railway Mexico recognizes at once the type of lines or high up in the mountain ranges. Mexican and the type of weapon identi- The farmers out on the plains have not fied by this one fact. been disturbed by it. The railways are cleared now, and the trains are running The Carranza government is holding regularly. There is not much rolling together well. So long as the leaders stock left, and the tracks are in bad agree and cooperate, no movement condition. But I get my daily paper against it has the slightest chance of promptly, five days from Mexico City to success. Obregon has charge of the Nashville, and letters go to almost any army and seems to be on the best of part of the republic without serious de- terms both with Mr. Carranza (he does lay. Any newspaper correspondent who not wish to be called "General" Carreally wants to know about "conditions ranza) and with his subordinate genin Mexico" can go to the capital by way erals. The leaders among these are

RECONSTRUCTION IN MEXICO 6I3

Gonzales, in command at Mexico City, government's promise to pay instead of and Trevino, in charge of the border re~ forcing it to borrow money abroad and gion, headquarters at Torreon. The thus come under obligation to foreigners. Foreign Secretary, Aguilar, is also a Just now a popular movement is on to military man. He was in command be- reduce the government's obligations by fore Vera Cruz when that city was oc- destroying the old "greenbacks." Clubs, cupied by our troops. Cabrera, the Sec- schools, patriotic societies and other orretary of the Treasury, is a civilian, as ganizations hold public meetings from is Acuna, Secretary of the Interior. time to time to celebrate the burning of bundles of bills contributed by their At the beginning Carranza and his as- members. The government is also desociates could not effect a foreign loan. stroying the old war issue as fast as They had no credit. So they financed the notes are paid in. They are actheir movement by means of government cepted by it for all forms of internal notes in the form of money. Carranza revenue. It is hoped to eliminate them said that this was more equitable than within a month or two. forced loans from a few, as it made all the citizens share the burden. Later, Meantime the country is prospering. when it might have been possible to The new crop of corn will soon be in, negotiate a loan, the constitutionalist and danger of famine is practically over. government stuck to its plan of relying Rehabilitating the railroads is a good on fiat money. But meantime it had deal of a problem. Here perhaps more got possession of the rich income of than at any other point is needed the cothe ports of entry, where duties are operation and guidance of American payable in silver, and also of huge rev- friends. It is unfortunate that strained enue from exports of minerals, hides and political relations between the two counpetroleum. All minerals, especially zinc, tries continue to make such cooperation copper, cyanides and iron have gone up difficult. in price by reason of the European war. The demand for some of them is enor- We believe that a new day is dawnmous, and many of the mines arc work- ing for educational and evangelistic ing overtime. The production of coal work. The revolution was aimed in part oil in Mexico is in staggering figures. against clericalism, which stands in Mex- This is one of the richest fields in the ico for the ignorance of the masses and world and is not yet fully developed. the donomination of the rich. It has Durin:; 1915 35,010,000 barrels were ex- opened the way anew for Protestantism, ported. I do not know the exact rate of which always goes to the masses first, export tax, but understand that it with its' message of light and liberation. amounts to over a dollar in silver to the The Protestant people in Mexico are solbarrel. It will be seen at once that idly behind the new movement, and the Carranza government is far from many of them are in places of influence bankruptcy. in the government. Their integrity and intelligence have given them recognition. There is naturally a good deal of If we had educated still more boys and trouble with the merchandise over paper girls and impressed still a larger segmoney. The banking centers seem ment of the people with true ideals of rather disappointed also because no righteousness and patriotism, much of great loan has been negotiated. It is not the bloodshed and disorder of recent at all clear, however, that Carranza and years would have been averted. We Cabrera have made a mistake. They are should get to work with vigor now to appealing to the people of Mexico to provide against such things in the fushow their patriotism by accepting the ture.

PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN MEXICO The Foreign Workers in 1910 Compared With Those on the Field in July, 1916 1Hssionary Stations Out· J1issionaries Stations Occupied Force 1910 in 1910 Stations SOCIEty in 1910 on Field, in June, 1916 28 1916 12 .Ill. Raot. H. 11. S.. ……. 9 4 53 8 ~11l. Bible Society……… 1 1 . . . . i-ie'r·~~~i·lid.· ,46 .111. Board C. F. :'vi……. 15 4 .111. Friends Bd. F. M….. 15 222 3 21 Ct;': ~i~;'!'c~' P~cblo. Guanajl1ato. ~letllOdist Episcopal. . . . . .. 31 21 6 44 . 63 "ethodist Ch"rch (So.)…. 55 8 2 .Mexlco City, Guadalajara.

Presbyterian Rd. F. 1L. . . .. 26 9 o4 Mexico City, Merida.

Presbyterian Church (South) 9 4 o Christian Woman's TId…. If) 3 5 Mexico 'Cit~' ~~d Guadalaj ara.

Protes:ant Episcopal…….. 39 4 Southern Bapt. Conv……. 28 10 5 Mexico City, Toluca, Juarez.

International Y. M. C. A… 14 2 8 Mexico City, Monterey, Chihuahua Pentecostal Church …….. 12 4 o o Hephzibah Faith 11. A.. …. . 2 1 Penial Miss. Soc……….. 3 1 Seventh Day Adv. . . . . . . . . . 9 1 i'~~bi~"""'" .

Woman's Bapt. H. M. S… 3 3 o3 Christian lVfissions . . . . . . . . . 6 3 Totals ……………. 294 75 520 34 In ten stations.

The Missionary Situation In Mexico LATEST REPORTS FROM THE MISSION HEADQUARTERS IiA)RMED intervention in reconstruction. The Mexicans need an Mexico might ultimately exhibition of brotherly love rather than bring order out of chaos, of brute force; they need enlightenment but it would be at heavy -not extermination. It is such a better cost both to the Mexican course that will most surely convince people and to the United them that we do not want to add to States. Certain factions on both sides the United States territory at the exof the border have been endeavoring pense of Mexico. Fortunately, the way to provoke a conflict but the two gov- semes to be paved for a peaceful settleernments, the masses of the people and ment of present difficulties. Let Mexithe Christian missionaries, have been can patriots agree among themselves in working to preserve peace and to estab- the support of a central government and lish an orderly government. an enlightened program and observe treaty obligations. Then prosperity will There is a better way than the killing follow. of men and the destruction of property. Carranza is endeavoring to establish an The vast majority of the Mexicans enlightened government and has selected want peace, but they are afraid the able advisors for various official posts. Americans will not allow them to re- The United States government could tain their independence. The ignorant better afford to furnish $10,000,000 for have a notion that "Gringoes" are weak schools and constructive public improv- and afraid but the enlightened leaders ments than the Big Northern Brother know better. The better class of young could afford to spend $200,000,000 and Mexicans have tasted a new spirit, and 100,000 men in forcible destruction and demand liberty. Nine-tenths of the

16 ] THE MISSIONARY SITUATION IN MEXICO 61

people have no education and do not never so prosperous. The people welknow the difference between a secular come American Christians, believing book and a Bible. Until the Protestant that this type of religion wiII bring them Bible societies and misisonaries came Eberty. In all the months of unsettled there was only one edition of the Bible conditions very few Protestant churches jJublished in Mexico, and that was sold have been damaged and these were asat $153 jJcr copy. Where they remain sailed by fanatically led mobs. Protesin rural districts, the people have high tants include many among the young morals, but when they make their homes leaders who have been trained in the in cities, moral restrictions are easily mission day- and Sunday-schools. Mexithrown off. cans are born preachers, and natural orators. Seventy languages and dialects are found among the Indians of Mexico, Protestants also spur the native Rotho the official speech is Spanish. man Catholics to a purer type of Chris- The polite speech was once French, but tianity and hold the leaders in paths of English has now become popular. lawful government. Among the thirty-seven families or tribes of Indians, only three – the RECENT REPORTS FROM MIS- Yaquis, Tutos and the Mayas of Yuca- SIONARIES tan-are prone to go on the war path. The other tribes are peace-loving, anJ In reply to a letter sent to the various only arise when led by a religious or Protestant boards and socieies having political fanatic who convinces them missions in Mexico we have received that their liberty is in danger. They the following communications (most of also are rendered unaccountable by the them dated about July 1): native intoxicants, pulque, which is the juice of the of the maquey plant. Most Protestant Episcopal Church of the Indians of Mexico are baptized pagans and, in rural regions, they are "Ve have not called the staff home, almost purely idolatrous. They have de- hut have wired Bishop Aves (in Guadagraded their religious forms until they lajara) and the Archdeacon to use every are heathenish. precaution to safeguard the members of the mission. We have had no word di- General Carranza insists. as do his rectly from the field as to what action associates, that they are not anti-Chris- wiII be taken. tian but are anti-clerical-that is, they object to the priests or church officials "The present disturbance in Mexico having any hand in politics. Forty years has been very damaging to our work. ago all Jesuits, nuns, and Catholic orders All of the English-speaking congregawere expelled from Mexico and now any tions, with the exception of that in who remain are there illegally. Form- Mexico City, have been scattered; crly, the Protestants were persecuted, many of the Mexican congregations but now they are free and their religion have likewise been scattered. In somc is recognized. instances members of the congrega- tion have been carried off by maraud- During the war many people have left ing bands. We do not know to what the rural regions and have come to the extent our property in the smaller towns, large centers of population. They are and especially the mountain districts opprest by the constant disorders, and around Mexico City, has suffered. The thus feel their human helplessness Josephine Hooker School for Girls in keenly. Men always turn to God in time Tacuba, one of the suburbs of Mexico of trouble. Hence the mis'sion wQr!,; was City, was closed for a year or more, but was reopened last autumn with an at- tendan<;e Qf abqut twenty g-irIs. St. An.~

drew's School for Boys in Guadalajara school, and two nurses, and are fortunwas closed in 1914 and reopened about ate in having an American pastor in a year later with a reduced staff. It charge of our Baptist church there. Our bas bad several visits from bandits and school in Puebla has been in splendid has suffered accordingly. The last letter condition all through the difficulties and from Bishop Aves indicated that he because 'Of the closing of ~he public would probably be obliged to close the schools since Christmas has numbered school building, but hoped to carryon over 300 and could have been double the the work in the buildings of a Congre- size had we had the equipment and gational school, located within the city. teachers.

"From a military point of view there "The only thing in all the troubles can be only one result of war with Mex- in Mexico which our missionaries have ico; namely, Mexico's defeat and to a feared most was war with- the United certain extent her humiliation. Religi- States, or intervention.

ously and from the missionary point of "Our work has not suffered as has view, unquestionably war with Mexico been the case in some of the other dewould set back considerably the work nominations, because we have so many now under way, and perhaps put an end native workers and a smal1er proportion to it for a period of years. On the other of American representatives. It has hand, may it not be possible that after been our expectation for the last year Mexico had taken her punishment she or two to greatly enlarge our work in would realize, as children often do, that Mexico, and we were looking for addithose who administered the punishment tional teachers to send down this fall, were her best friends?" but the present indications are that we W oman's Baptist Home Mission will have to give up hopes of any ad- vance work until conditions are settled."

"In Mexico, our attention of recent years has been given largely to the edu- The American Board All of the American staff of mission- ';V cational work. e have large day schools in Monterey, Mexico City and aries are out of Mexico now except Puebla, with a small day school at Miss Lora F. Smith, who is at Hermo· Guadalupe. In addition to these schools sillo_ All the other missionaries have we have several native workers who are been called home in accordance with, the slerving as missionaries in connection exprest wish of the United States gov- with our missionS'. ernment.

"Our school work has continued al- Th~ work of the Board, while inter- most interruptedly since the beginning rupted in some ways, has in others been of the difficulties. In Mexico City our stimulated. T,he sens'e of uncertainty American principal left at the beginning has made people at all associated with of the troubles and we secured a Mexi- the Mission even more eager for its can pastor to take charge of the school. ministrati{)n. Services have been largely This school has kept up well all through attended, including prayer meetings.

the months of disturbance, but now Work on new buildings has been seems to be losing ground. Our school somewhat interrupted, tho plans for in Monterey had an American principal, new buildings have been made, and whom we recalled two years ago, and negotiations started for the purchase we succeeded in finding a Mexican of land for their erection. Our young man to take charge of the school. missionaries have deprecated United In Puebla, we have an American kinder- States intervention on the ground that gartner, who is in charge of the day it would antagonize the Mexicans in general, and increase their suspicion of begin to realize and appreciate the benea spirit of aggression on the part of the fit. I have become convinced that there United States in her dealings with Mex- is no hope for Mexico, or in anything ico. Our missionaries have felt that the except the Christian education of its iloutlook for missionary work, when order literate masses. was restored, was brighter than ever. The Roman Catholic hierarchy and International Y. M. C. A. their interests have been so attacked of late that the situation of Protestant Barring financial difficulties, the past missions has been improved. year-and two months in particular- have been the most fruitful ever experi- Presbyterian Church (South) enced by the Associations in our three stations in Mexico, judging particularly The work of the Southern Presby- by the depth and prevalence of genl11ne terian Church in Mexico is in the two religioui> interest. The membership i'as north border states of Tamaulipas and exceeded in volume also any previous Neuvo Leon, and the stations occupied period. Not counting Mexican secreare: Linares, C. Victoria, Matamoras and aries, we have three Americans in Mex- Montemorelos. For two years past our ico City, all of whom are married, one missionaries have not attempted to live in Monterey and one in Chihuahua, both in Mexico. They have remained at of the latter being single. We have two points on the border and have made new men under appointment for the latvisits to the field as conditions admitted. ter city. Weare leaving to the discre- tion of the several men and their ad- Through all the troubles of the past visors whether or not they shall rei ire two years the native church in our field from the field. has .held together and carded on its work with vigor and succes·s. The ab- War with Mexico could not fail to sence of the missionaries except for the place our American secretaries in very occasional visits' they made, did not delicate relations, tho their known prove to be a disadvantage in every friendship for the Mexican people would respect. A new spirit of self-reliance protect them from violence. seemed to be developed in the native church. Regular services were contin- Southern Baptist Convention ued in nearly all the churches, the day schools were kept in operation, some At present, we have in our South good evangelistic meetings were held, as Mexican Mission Rev. J. E. Davis and the result of which many were brought wife in Mexico City and Rev. C. L. into the church. Neal and wife at Toluca. Thei>e mis- pionaries have remained in Mexico The immediate result of war with the throughout the revolutionary period. A United States would inevitably be to number of the other missionaries in the inflame the hostility of the Mexican South Mexican Mission have felt that people towards Americans to such an it was better for them to leave their extent that missionary work among them stations. of any kind will be n;ndered impossible for some time to come. If our country In our North Mexican field Rev. W. could inaugurate a regime of kindness F. Hatchell is still in Juarez and Rev. and justice in dealing with the Mexican people, I do not believe it would be very J. S. Cheavans is at Eagle Pass, Texas. long before the opprest millions who have suffered so long at the hands of the Other-s ha~e returned to the United t~w wlW h.av~ Qwned. the countrr wou.lcl States.

We have been c{)nducting consider- able mission operations in the North Mexican field throughout the revolu- tionar:y I?eriod and the wQrk ha.s bec:11,

remarkably blest of the Lord through disastrous to Protestant miSSions. The these distressing times. In fact, we have forces which have produced the friction, been deeply imprest with the remarkable which have fomented the strife and success that has attended the labors of stand ready to finance the war as far our foreign missionaries and their na- as Mexico is concerned, are hostile to tive co-laborers. There were reported Protestant missions and to democracy. 194 baptisms in our Mexican missions The outcome of such a war will almost last year, which was about the average inevitably strengthen the position of the number for many years. We have been anti-Protestant forces. If Carranza on greatly pleased to witness the faithful- the other hand could be encouraged and ness and effectiveness of our native supported in this aged long struggle of brethren. In spite of the hardships they Mexico for independent and democratic have had to endure, !hey have rendered government, Protestant missions would a splendid account of themselves and receive every encouragement and, upon have been very active in preaching the his success, the doors of opportunIty Gospel. The people have never been would be forever thrown wide open to more receptive to the Gospel-preaching the Christian forces of North America. than they have been during the last year. The turn which the aJitation has taken will doubtless be harmful to Protes["nl I shudder at the thought of war with missions, even should war be averted Mexico. I do pray that this threatened Our devout and earnest prayer is that calamity may be averted. It would be a we may escape war with torn and perlong drawn-out struggle and much blood- turbed Mexico. shed and the consequent embittering of the Mexicans against the people in the Methodist Episcopal Church United States. At the same time, I realize that if there should be a war There has been no real disturbance ill between the two countries, the ultimate our Missions, but our schools have been result would be the opening of Mexico closed. in a wider way to the Gospel message. Up to July 1 we had twelve or more Methodist Church (South) American workers in Mexico located at Guanajuato, Mexico City, Pachuca, We have at present but two men in Puebla. Since then, most of them have the interior of Mexico, the Superinten- come home. dent of the Mexico City District and the Superintendent of the Guadalajara The United States would make a mis- District. We have three other superin- take to intervene because the people tendents who have been looking after would at once be cemented against the their work with more or less interrup- United States, for all of them are hearttion, namely: Superintendent of the purposed to free their country of the Monterey District, Superintendent of land owners and to enjoy real liberty. the El Paso District and Superintendent They are only divided concerning of the Pacific Mexico Mission. These methods. They argue that the territory last three men have been living in border loss of the former Mexican war will be towns on the United States side. duplicated if they do not utterly lose their independence. None but the Mexi· Several of our schools have gone on cans themselves can solve the disorder· with little or no intermption and with ing problems among them. These very good patronage under superintendence disorders are the b;rth-struggles of a of native workers. better day. They are strong enough to solve them ultimately. It would require In my judgment, war between the 100,000 soldkn and <l,t least five year~ Vnited States and Mexico would prove to subjugate them at all. They would tion at Mexico City is in charge of a harass and destroy our troops in every native physician and preacher. His last conceivable way. They would stop at no letter indicates that they are meeting measure known to the Indian to pick off with success, and that up to the time of our men and harass the army. We hope his letter the work had continued uninthat war will be averted. terrupted. W e have three stations in Southern Mexico, but all have been Christian Woman's Board of Missions closed. No doubt, the above also an- A few years ago, we had sixteen swers your fourth question as to the results of the disturbance among the American mIssIOnaries in Mexico. Protestant work. Our missionary re- When the orders came, about three years ports that he has a large hearing and ago, for Americans to come out of Mex- that they have some real definite reico, our workers came away, many of sults. them against their own wishes. We have been able to keep from four to six Hephzibah Faith Mi.sionary American missionaries in our station at Piedras Negras, just across the river On account of disturbances two years from Eagle Pass, Texas. A telegram ago in Mexico, our missionaries were last week told us that they had all come compelled to leave the field. '1 hey were across the river to Eagle Pass, bringing located in Tuxpam, and were in the the little orphanage group with them, midst of the disturbances for several and their medical work also. weeks, and felt that the Lord signally worked for them in protecting them, and In several towns where we had a good keeping them in peace in the midst of the active church, I suppose there is really trouble. Since then the country has nothing left of our work except as it been in such a disturbed condition, that may be in the scattered individuals. we have not thought it best for them Some of the mining towns have been en- to return. There was a company of tirely broken up. Christians to which they ministered, and they have kept in tOllch with them Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene more or less by letter. All of our American workers have returned to the United States. Our sta- "YE DID IT NOT" * BY c. MAUD BROWN A poor blind man-he passed me by the And cast a gleam of sunshine on his blind- wayside, ness, He could not see me-how I turned Who by no kind or friendly hand was led. away; He passed me by so slowly, stopping, Soon he was lost to view, and then the stumbling, day died, His face as anxious with unspoken fear; Soon on us both night's dark'ning shad- In heavy clouds a distant storm was rum- ows lay. bling, But since that hour his list'ning face is And dangers that he knew not might be ever near. Rising before me as I come and go, Why did I let him pass? He who will Why was I silent? Were the angels weep- ing? never. Pass me again-no rivers backward flow. Was it not stich the Saviour died to win; Poor, lonely, blind-Christ have you in His I might have cheered with unexpected kindness keeping, He would have helped you-great has That lonely heart whose hope had long been dead. been my Sill,

E IT DJ

I WAR'S WORST PERIL and clothing; it is harder to combat than T is estimated that three million men cold or heat; it is' ten-fold more deadly -the flower of Europe, Canada and than bullets; it is worse than typhus Australia, have already been killed or epidemics. Although it may not necesmaimed in the great and deadly strife sarily kill or maim, it as certainly dethat is shaking the world. Fathers and stroys the efficiency of the soldiers. mothers, sisters, wives and children give What is this deadly peril? up their loved ones for their country's sake. One-tenth of the troops passing through a certain port in Europe on their Every land is filled with mourning. way to the front have been incapacitated The loss is unspeakable, for the carnage for service because of venereal diseases of war is awful. But this is not the contracted in that port. They were there greatest peril and price of war. on an average of only two weeks and had previously passed satisfactorily their There are five million men shut up in physical tests. the prison camps of Europe and AS'ia. These outnumber the total armies ever Their fight for character was lost beengaged in any previous conflict. The fore they had struck their first blow for warring nations, prest on every side, their country. A Christian officer on find it impossible to provide suitable shel- being compassionated because of the ter, clothing, food and employment for number of his men who had fallen in an these millions. Hundreds of thousands exposed position in battle, replied that are encamped in prison, which can not that loss was nothing compared with the be heated in the arctic winters. Many loss of those men who had fallen through of the war prisoners, without recrea- sin. Lord Kitchener in his addresses to tion or employment, and not knowing troops warned them against the two how long their confinement will last or deadliest enemies of the soldiers-intoxiwhat has become of their homes and fam- cants and immorality. ilies, lose their health and their reason. They become broken down maniacs or This danger which besets the soldiers embittered against God and mankind. makes a veritable hell in the vicinity of Thousands of these prisoners die physical, the camps, not only of Europe but of mental and spiritual deaths. It is an America. Before the troops arrived at awful consequence of war, and yet this the Mexican border, human vultures is not the worst price that the nations and vampires had preceded them to lay are paying. in wait for the boys and young men. In these camps, the drills and minor du- The most deadly and permeating peril des do not occupy all the day, and enis one not mentioned in the newspa- nui and nervous desire for excitement pers or war histories, and not often and amusement often lead the young 5'01referred to in letters or reports. It is diers into thoughless excesses that inthe peril that no government has ever volve awful consequences. yet laid adequate plans to overcome. It is a ~Teater dan~er than lack Qf fooq One hundred and fifty thousand Amer- ican troops are called to the Me~icall border. They are composed mostly of ernments co.uld well afford. to supply young men, some of them still in high school and not seasoned in character. If these social centers and workers-for they yield to temptations thrust in their way they will bring back in their bodies military efficiency-but they do not. It and souls the deadly results that will spread disease and death. is well that they should be supplied by What is to be done? Two things are Christian men and women at home, and necessary. First, the Government must engage in a work of moral sanitation and controlled by Christian leaders. One do all in its power to keep away unmoral as well as physical contamination from man in New York has agreed to erect the camps. But this is negative and not sufficient. two buildings and to support four sec- Second, Christians and those most in- retaries. Let others see the vision and terested in the soldiers must provide for them healthful surroundings and occu- respond to the call. Now is the time. pations' for them wherever possible. This work is being undertaken by the When the troops return it will be too International y, M. C. A. Already Dr. John R. Mott and his associates have late. Gifts may be sent to the Internaestablished a wonderful work among the soldiers and war prisoners of Europe and tional Y. M. C. A., 124 East 28th St., Mesopotamia, He has recently called for fifty more secretaries. Mr. Fletcher New Yark. Your son or brother or S. Brockman, the associate general secretary, is undertaking to establish a sim- friend may be in danger. This greatilar work among the American troops on the Mexican border. Fifty buildings are est peril in war must be met by the needed as socia! centers in as many camps', and at least one hundred secre- prayers and sacrifices of Christians at taries. These buildings provide writing material-a great boon-and reading home. matter, games, music, refreshments and amusements. Moving picture machines CHRISTIAN WARFARE are required for the long evenings, and athletic contests must be arranged. T HREE hundred years ago Erasmus, Special secretaries and evangelists' are in his introduction to "Enchiridion being enlisted to go from camp to camp directing the activities of the men and Militis Christiani," delivered a message holding religious meetings and forming Bible classes. on military methods which might 'be This is constructive work, the impor- quoted as a newspaper dispatch from a tance of ~hich is inestimable. TheY, M. C. A. asks only $200,000 to estab- missIOnary in Turkey to-day. He lish and conduct this work up to January Ist-a paltry sum compared with that speaks of the true verity of Christ in spent on 'baseball and football or in actual warfare. ~reat Britain alone is spending view of the war against the Turks: that amount in twenty minutes. The gov- "The best way and most effectual to overcome and win the Turks should be if they shall perceive that thing which Christ taught and exprest in His life to shine in us. For, truly, it is not meet nor convenient to declare ourselves Christian men by this proof or token, if we kill very many, but rather if we save very many; nor if we send thou- sands of heathen people to hell, but if we make many infidels faithful. Altho the chance of war . . . should fall so luckily to us that we had gotten the vic- tory so should it be brought to pass that the Pope's dominions and his cardinals Wight be enlarged, but not the kingdom of Christ, which finally flourisheth and is in prosperity if faith, love, peace and chastity be quick and strong, . . . In my mind it were the best, before we should try with them in battle, to at- tempt them with epistles and some little books." ,

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MlSSIONADY NEWS EUROPE-BRJTJSH ISLES The I1tternational Rev£ew of Mis- British Laymen'8 Movement and the Wat sions states that the income of the So- T HE National Laymen's Missionary ciety for the Propagation of the Gospel Movement in Great Britain has been met its expenditures. The Wesleyan heavily crippled through the war. The Methodist Society covered its expendi- secretary of the Scottish Movement has tures and cleared off a deficit. The been under arms for more than a year China Inland Mission increased its in- and is now in command of a battalion; come. The London Missionary So- the secretary of the British Movement, ciety (Congregational) passed through Mr. T. R. W. LUnt having completed a crisis triumphantly. The Baptist Mis- his training as an officer of the Royal sionary Society has paid its way. No Field Artillery, has gone to the front; missionary organization has had to Ireland haS' in the same way lost some be disbanded.

leading workers. But the work goes on quietly and deeply, for men already Children'. League of Pity weighted with heavy tasks are keeping it alive until its leaders can resume SCOTLAND has worked out a plan their posts. A specially interesting piece for keeping the boys and the girls of work, a club at Barton-on-Sea in of that country interested in the wel- connection with the convalescent home fare of children less fortunate than for wounded Indian soldiers, has been themselves. The movement known as carried to completion by the British the Scottish Children's League of Pity Movement, and has won appreciation began in 1893, and has since grown from the authorities and gratitude from into a large national organization. It the men.-C. M. S. Review. is really an auxiliary organization of Missionary Giving in War Time the Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, and turns over W E might have expected that dur- practically all of the funds which it ing this year of suffering the raises to that society. More than $216,- British gifts to foreign missions would 000 have been secured for child pro- have fallen off. On the CO[l(rary, they tection since the league was started.

have increased. The membership of the league is The gross receipts of the Church made up of children who are classed Missionary Society for the year ending as juniors, if under 14 years of age, March 31 amounted to £382,948, whick and seniors between that age and 18.

is £24,082 more than was received dur- The children are organized in groups ing the previous twelve months. There or circles. These are found now in were 36,335 misSionary-boxes issued nearly every section of the country.

from the Church Missionary House The league has an associate member- during the year. This figure is a rec- ship for adults who are expected to ord, the number issued during the promote the work of the children's previous year being 12,175. society throughout Scotland. THE CONTINENT have acted as spies; others have been invaluable in connection with the Red TSuffering in France and Belgium Cross and Ambulance Department. HE Commission for Relief in Bel- gium appeals to the American people BiLles Needed for Soldiers to give largely in aid of the people in that portion of France occupied by the IN an address before the Executive Germans. An area of over 1,200 square miles, with a population of 1,250,000, is Committee of the World's Sunday dependent almost entirely on the Com- School Association, Dr. John R. Mott mission for food. Supplies are scarce, said, with reference to the present un- so that the slight aid the Commission limited opportunity for the distribu- is now able to give is wholly inadequate. tion of the New Testament and the Unless Americans' furnish the needed preaching of the Gospel among the help the results will be tragic. This is men engaged in the European war: but one more of the horrors of the awful struggle. "In nearly thirty years of passing in and out anfong the nations, of stand- MThe MeAII Mission and the Boy Scouts ing before great citadels and great ANY workers of the McAll Mis- opportunities, I have never known any- sion are serving as chaplains in thing to compare with the opportunity the army and the fleet, and not a few presented to us just now by the millions are in the trenches. While the salles of men under arms and in the miliare thus handicapped, the general com- tary prisons. mittee, most of whom are beyond the military age, are all working over- "The place where the Gospel is time, and the wives of the variuus needed most is the place where the agents throughout France are valiantly men pause before going into battIe, filling their husbands' places as preach- or where they come back to recupeers, teachers, etc. Hundreds of McAII rate. If ever a man needs help, it is converts on the firing line have been under those conditions." acting as lay evangelists among theit comrades. Five cents will provide a soldier in the hospital, trench or prison camp The war has opened a new field of with a copy of the New Testament. endeavor to the McAII Mission because Through contributions received from of the necessity for relief, and there- Sunday-school scholars and adults in for some of the salles now serve as the United States, the World's Sunday hospitals. One of the chapel boats has School Association, in cooperation with been utilized as a hospital. Many ou- the American Bible Society, has provroirs and cantines or meeting and eat- vided nearly 500,000 Testaments and ing places for men and women hav.e Gospels for the European soldiers. been opened. There is no limit to the number that are needed. It is' interesting to note that the Boy Scout movement was introduced into Protestants in Rome France by a McAII man, and that the movement has done so much in the T HE Tribune de Geneve, apropos of way of solving the problem of the street boy that the man who started the Pope's recent words about it has been elected to membership in Protestant churches in Rome, makes a the French Academy. Some of the little survey of these churches and their Scouts have s'erved in the army and work. The English Baptists have three churches; the American Baptists, one; the American Methodists, one, besides large edifices containing orphan asy- lums, schools, printing offices, etc. The

English Wesleyans have one church. Red Cross work and the usual staff The Waldensians have two large struc- as well as many missionaries besides tures-one of them a splendid temple joined in caring for the wounded and recently erected by an American lady. the grievously sick. Three of the Besides these Italian churches are the Board's most skilful and valued doctors places of worship of the various Protes- have died during the year; most of the tant colonies which are also attended others have suffered from typhUS or by Italians. The beautiful American other epidemic diseases. Episcopal Church of St. Paul, the three churches of the British Protestants, the The death, from overwork and ty- German and the other chapels are of phus, of Dr. Fred D. Shepard, of Ainthis type. The Salvation Army is tab, a physician whose life and work about to open a People's Home in one were known far and wide, left the full of the crowded quarters of the city. hospital at Aintab in the hands of Dr. The Young Men's Christian Associa- Caroline Hamilton, who had typhus, but tion has a large fine building in a con- is up and at work again, with the help spicuous situation. Its management is of orderlies furnished by the military of course Protestant, but its member- authorities and some assistance from an ship chiefly Catholic.-Record of Chris- Armenian staff doctor. tian Work. Notwithstanding deaths and removals, Plight of Austrian Jews all the Board's hospitals, with the ex- ception of the one in Van, are in opera- T HE English Missionary, Feinsilber, tion to-day. has been allowed to continue his work among the Jews of Galicia and Things that Remain in Turkey Buckowina undisturbed by the Austrian Government. He says the poverty and T HE American Board has issued a trouble among the 200,000 Jews of leaflet which reveals the influence these provinces is indescribable. Wom- of the Armenian martyrs. en and children are perishing for hunger everywhere; never in his life has Men and women, young men and he experienced such awful times, but he maidens, college professors, preachers, says that never in his life has he Bible-women, down to the humblest felt the presence and blessing of Christ church-member, proved faithful unto as much as now.-Israels Missionen. death. They bore their unanswerable witness before. the Turkish official and MOSLEMS IN ASIA the Mohammedan populace. It could not but make its impress; it can not be American Hospitals in Turkey forgotten; it will be an abiding spiritual force in the land. UNDER normal circumstances the American Board maintains nine The prestige of the missions and the hospitals and ten dispensaries in the missionaries also remains; not only re- Turkish Empire in which in the year mains, but has tremendously increased, before the present war 39,503 patients partly because of their personal characwere received and 134,357 treatments ters and partly owing to their achievgiven. At the end of 1914 eleven phy- ments in relief work. sicians, missionaries of the Board, were in Turkey, three of them being women. The continuance of the schools and higher institutions of learning is remark- As 500n as the war broke out the able. It is true that many, especially of American hospitals were offered for the lower schools, have been closed for the lack of both pupils and teachers. But many of the higher schools, and al- WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS most all the colleges have been running, filled the Mechanic's Hall, the largest tho usually with a lessened roll of stu- ~lUditoriuminthe city. The dominant note dents and fewer instructors. For these was: "We have arrived at the psychoand other reasons, it is believed that the logical moment to possess Palestine for future will hold greater opportunities in the new Davidic kingdom." The steamer the Turkish Empire than have ever been wnich conveyed the New York delegates known. tu Boston is said to have Hown the Jewish flag at her masthead. Quite apart The Future of the Armenian. from the Zionist organization, a wide- spread movement has been set on foot in J-N his recent treatment of the Armenian Italy, known as Pro Causa Hebraica. people, the Turk has been seen at his The object of this movement is to imworst; in his most cruel and fanatic press Christian public opinion in the civtemper. He has struck his Armenian ilized world with the immediate necessity subjects indiscriminately, remorselessly, of solving the Jewish problem by the and with murderous intent. He has establishment of a Jewish autonomous done his best, say those who know the state in Palestine. situation, to clear his land of a people whose thrift, industry, patience and Heroism of Persian Christians growing prosperity made him insanely jealous. He has done it even to his own IN recalling the heroism of the missionhurt, as' he has robbed his country of its aries in U rumia and other Persian efficient men; from many a city and cities, it should not be forgotten how town the shoemaker, the tailor, the baker, ably their efforts were seconded by some the dentist, the artizan, the banker, all of their Persian colleagues. are gone; and the Turks are crying out ruefully, "Who will work for us?" But One of the native physicians received they are a hardy and prolific people; in- a martyr's' crown in the village of Khan~ dustrious, thrifty, ambitious; give them ishan. Four died during the epidemic. half a chance and they are bound to The devotion of the native Christians is recuperate. If it be made possible for worthy of all praise. One of the native them to return to the land and to dwell physicians was the assistant in the hosin it, they will reestablish themselves and pital, where he had been since his gradrebuild their fortunes. Solidified and uation in 1908, and was a most faithful chastened by what they have suffered, and efficient man. During the first awful they will be yet more amenable to the days of fear, murder, and rapine, it was preaching of the Gospel and the ministry his hands that drest and re-drest most of Christian helpfulness. If the mingled of the wounded, with the help of medical fear and hate in which for generations students; he thought little of himself and they have borne the yoke of the op- wore himself out until he could not eat, pressor shall be removed by their en- keeping on at his work for three days franchisement from his power, who can after he began to be ill. His life was estimate what a force they may become given in the noblest self-sacrifice and for the implanting of a vital Christianity many people will remember him with in the nearer East. deep affection. Another was a refugee in the mission compound. His wife, a The Jews and Palestine graduate of medicine in America, in spite of the death of her husband and two THE greatest conference ever held in children, kept bravely on with her work connection with the Zionist move- trying to relieve the suffering, especially ment met in the spring in Boston, when of the women and girls. some seven thousand delegates repeatedly INDIA, BURMA, CEYLON done in Batemanabad, a Panjab village with about five hundred inhabitants. To Educate the Outcaste There is a little company that have banded· themselves together to seek to ..ONE of our great needs," the Rev. prove the fulness of what Christ means. One of their leaders, a mystic through T. P. Butlin, of Aurangabad, wrote and through, has made for himself a cross of many-colored woods, which he recently "is the education of the Indian carries with him wherever he goes, to Church in our district." There are some remind himself and others of the One 1,500 Christians scattered over many 'Whose he is, and Whom he serves.' hundreds of square miles in 83 villages, in many of which there is not even a "They meet daily and sit sometimes government school. In consequence a half through the night singing and praylarge community is growing up in igno- ing and exhorting. Their main purpose is rance of the knowledge of God. Of the evangelization. There afe Sikh villages position of the outcaste just come from round where they get a friendly welcome, heathenism, Mr. Butlin writes: "It is I fancy largely because of their beautian axiom of Hinduism that no outcaste ful singing, and where there is a real ought ever to read, write, or, in fact, movement towards Christianity. One of be educated. ~uppose by any chance the villagers has written a metrical verthere is a government school, or even sion of St. Luke's Gospel in .pa~jabi. private school, in the village, the Brah- The Psalms in their Panjabi version are man master (the master is invariably a an integral part of their life. Brahman) will throw all the materials toward the outcaste, i.e., slate, pencil, The Salvation Army in India etc., or at any rate put them on the ground, taking care never to touch him. T HE recent visitors t.) Mr. Higgin- The boy has to sit a considerable distance bottom's demonstrate farm is conaway from the caste boys for fear of de- nection with Allahabad College included filement. As to giving him any partic- Commissioner Booth-Tucker, head of the ular attention whereby he may get on, Salvation Army in India. He was in the master would consider that a sin and the Civil Service and had already risen a shame. If in spite of all the draw- high; he would probably have been backs put in his way the poor boy doe, Lieut.-Governor and a Knight, but gave manage to read-'Well, of course it it up for fhe Salvation Army. He goes can't be helped; who can fight against barefooted and wears sandals, and a turfate' ? It is quite true that all this is ban, on which is written "Mukti Manj" against the law, but who is to see that (Salvation Army). He gave a splendid the law is carried on when the whole talk to the students on service, and they public opinion of the village is on the a1l crowded round to know how they side of the Grahman"? could help him without becoming Chris- tians! The Salvation Army has 7,000 An Indian Christian Community people of the criminal tribes, given into their complete care by the Government, "W E are always hoping that India and Booth-Tucker told Mr. Higgin- botham that if he were beginning his mis- will think out and interpret Chris- sionary "ervice ill. India again, he ~ould tianity for herself, not rejecting the go into his work. He said that is the mighty heritage of the past, but seeing Gospel India needs. He is going to send the message both of the Bible and. the twelve men regularly to Jearn agricul- Church through Indian eyes, growing or- ture to teach the criminals, and perhaps ganically from within, not mechanically from without. I see real signs," writes the Bishop of Lahore, "of this being

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the Salvation Army will assist in the querors of the past in one great ava· support of the farm. lanche of invasion upon the open plains of India. But nearly twenty-two months Christian Endeavor in India have gone by and the project has not yet materialized. There have been raids and CHRISTIAN Endeavor membership fights upon the frontier-seven serious in India has more than doubled in attacks by independent tribesmen. But the last ten years. In 1905 there were there are no two years when there are 750 societies registered; now there are not raids and fights. And the great out- 1,678. The membership in 1905 was 22,- standing fact is that the Amir of Af- 099; it is now 48,124. Twenty-three out ghanistan stood stedfastly by the assurof the 50 members of the Christian En- ance of neutrality which he gave Lord deavor Council and three of the 10 Hardinge at the outbreak of the war." members of the Executive Committee are native Indians. In the local s'Ocieties A New Judson Memorial in Burma most of the work is done by the Indian Christians, thus giving the maximum op- AMASSIVE block of marble, seven portunity for training to those who will feet in length, has been placed to make up the future church of India. mark the site of the Ava prison where Adorniam Judson suffered in 1824. The When the National Missionary Coun- monument, set on a plot of ground nearly cil for India was organized recently, a two acres in extent, is the gift of Dr. sub-committee was appointed on work Henry M. Sanders of New York, who in among young people. Of this commit- additipn will erect a rest house for tee Rev. William Carey is chairman, and travelers and for the religious instn,lcother members include Rev. Herbert Hal- tion of wayfarers; walks will be laid liwell, general secretary, and Rev. George out, and shade trees planted. The rest W. Brown, Ph.D., treasurer of the India house will measure twenty-one by four- Christian Endeavor Union. teen feet, while the old prison was forty by thirty feet square. The smaller build- On the Afghan Frontier ing will permit the introduction of cer- tain architectural features desirable in W HILE the Afghans do not permit a landscape somewhat severe. It will be Christians to live and work on their made of mason work and steel beams and land, they are friendly to the British will last a century. A considerable sum government. will be wisely invested to secure an an- nual incotte for the perpetual care of the Lieut.-Col. Sir Francis Younghusband, place. The entire cost will probably be leader of the mission to Tibet in 1904, between 5,000 and 6,000 rupees. and for many years in Government service in India, recently told of unfriendly Tamil Coolies in Ceylon attempts to stir up trouble among the warlike and hot-blooded tribesmen on the T HE growth of the tea and rubber northwest frontier of India. He said in industries in Ceylon has brought to part: the island hundreds of thousands of Ta- mil coolies to work on the' estates. A "There is always in Afghanistan a sec- special mission to this class has been' tion bitterly and fanatically oppos'ed to instituted, dividing the island into three any friendship between Afghans and sections. Mr. Butterfield, an Anglican British. Both Turks and Germans na- clergyman in charge of the Central diturally set to work on this material, and vision, has fourteen districts to oversee. tried to raise a Jehad, a Holy War. Here are nearly 1,000 estates with a pop- They hoped to start off these Afghans, and with them thousands of headstrong tribesmen, in the wake of the great con-

ulation of 200,000 non-Christian coolies. both places where we celebrated it and He has in his staff two school-teachers, all communed. By invitation one of one Tamil assistant, and sixteen cate- their helpers distributed the cups." Preschists to work this vast field. byterian and Baptist converts have all agreed among themselves to "know no Much help is given the Central divi- sides." They say they are "all on Jesus' sion by the Tea Coolie Mission in London side." A proposal is made to make The which supports five catechists. Many White Elephant, the organ of the South of the planters in Ceylon cooperate with Siam Mission, a union organ for all misthe missionaries. Other superintendents sions working in the country. "If it is oppose them. Preaching services are held possible," says the report, "to secure the for the coolies on the muster grounds be- cooperation of societies at work in fore they scatter for the day's work and Burma on the west and in French Indoin their "lines" when they have finished China on the east, a periodical reprefor the day. There is' a considerable senting all Protestant missionary work purchase of the Scripture and distribu- in Indo-China, as the Chinese Recorder tion of evangelical handbills. No gen- in China, might be established." Everyeral turning to Christ has yet been re- one who reads the Recorder would reported, but there are sporadic conver- joice to see it duplicated in the countries sions.-A Record of Christian Work. south of China.

SIAM AND LOOS CHINA Evil Spirits and Doctors in Siam Chinese Christians In Business T HE doctors of the Presbyterian hos- ANOTABLE illustration of Christian- pitals in Siam send home various in- ity in business is afforded by the teresting items of news. Doctor Park of Hongkong China Company, a firm of Prae describes the case of a woman who Chinese operating in Hongkong and came to his hospital saying that there Shanghai with a capital of $750,000. Its was a spirit in her abdomen. The spirit- four-story department store and fivedoctor had told her so and given her story hotel in Shanghai will be completed many kinds of treatment. The spirit early in 1917, and its six-story store proved to be a cyst which discharged, in Canton is already open for business. when drained, three gallons of fluid. The Elevators and roof gardens are feapatient returned home in good health, to tures of each building. the great astonishment of her friends. "We have had many visitors to inspect Christianity is being lived by both the spirit now preserved in spirits." employers and employes in the Canton Doctor Mason of Chiengmai speaks of establishment, which is known locally as many patients brought to his hospital the store of the Sincere Company. as a last resort, unfortunates who other- Christian employes have formed a sowise would die on the streets. "Such ciety called "The Sincere Christian Aswe have not only to feed but to bury as sociation," which makes itself responsiwell." ble for the morals' of the yourig men em- ployed by training them in .Christian Christian Fraternity in Siam principles. Physical, mental arid moral instruction is given, a special night school W E find a note of Christian unity having been opened. A weekly and in the Siamese jungle. "In Muang monthly newspaper i~ issued by this so- Yawng," writes a Presbyterian mission- ciety. "The Christians in this estabary, "we met four Baptist helpers and lishment consider personal work and found them and their converts as cordial muttial helpfulness their he'aven-born as' ever. They attended communion in

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duty," declares a Chinese writer in The hundred miles from any missionary; but Chinese Christian InteUigencer. the 'Gospel Mail' finds them out, because they are postal officials, and, as every A similar society exists in another number puts them in communication with large Canton institution, the store of the our missionary at Shanghai, they can, "True Light Company." Every Sunday after reading these messages, write to night a lecture is given or a discussion him of their soul's needs. A good many, on a worth-while subject held 'by the from all parts of China, take advantage members. More than thirty have joined of this; and very touching is the soula Bible class. hunger revealed in these communica- tions. One man registered his letter to A Christian Chinese Weekly insure its reaching our missionary-Mr. Heal-because it contained that all-im- "T HE general excellence of the In- portant question, 'What must I do to be saved?' " telligencer causes men to honor Chinese Christians." So writes Mr. Kao, TChinese Women as Bible.Class Teachers a prominent business man in China, con- HE women of China, following in the cerning the Chinese Christian lntelli- steps of their American sisters, are gencer, a weekly, giving both religious training for leadership in the Adult Biand general news, which is published by ble Class work of their country, says the the American Presbyterian Mission. Mr. World Sunday-school Association. Dur- Kao commends the paper still further, as ing the past year, five Bible Training follows: COIlferences have been held in China as an outgrowth of the evangelistic "The lntelligencer has brought life and movement inaugurated by Mr. Eddy. activity to the Chinese Church. A few No women were in attendance at the years ago Chinese Christians were un- first two of these conferences, which acquainted with each other and their were held in Kuling and Mukden; while work was individual and isolated. Your the last three, held in Swatow; Canton paper has changed all that. Not only has and Foochow, were all attended by it linked together the Chinese Church in women. Two Bible Conferences, one in different parts of China, but it has in- Kuling and one in North China, are spired members to greater effort. Re- now being held especially for women. ports of revivals throughout the country American methods of Sunday-school orpublished in the paper have moved the ganization are taught in these conferpeople to greater activity. It has wid- ences, as these methods are found to be ened the .intellectual horizon, explained especially adapted to the Chinese. The the difficult parts of the Bible, and by its women, who are trained in these conarticles on the regulation of home life ferences, will, in their turn, organize and conduct elevated the home." classes which will be centers of service for other women. The Gospel for Chinese Postal Officials Careful "follow-up" work is planned D R. S. M. ZWEMER tells in the for each of these Bible conferences. Christian Herald of an effort to The Swatow Conference will have eleven meet the spiritual needs of the post-office "follow-up" meetings, the Canton Conemployes in China: ference, fourteen, while the Foochow Sunday-school Union,. with the various "Through our little 'Gospel Mail' mag- Chinese Sunday-school secretaries emazine, which goes to the post-offices ployed by the several denominations, throughout the Chinese Empire, we have the great privilege of, sending the glad tidings to many intelligent and thoughtful Chinamen who have no other means of spiritual help. It mal be they are a

will be able efficiently to follow up the Baron Ishii spoke most warmly of good conference held there. Bishop Harris's life and work, and said: "If all Americans were as open to the Morphia Succeeds Opium Japanese as Bishop Harris is, and if the Japanese respected all Americans as AFTER a tour through the districts they respect Bishop Harris, there would be permanent friendship between the around Peking, a report on opium two nations. There could be no grave and morphia consumption has' been pre- questions arising between them." pared and sent to the National Opium Prohibition Society by Mr. Fu, Engi- Bishop Harris is to return to Japan neer-in-Chief of the Hua Hsing Mining to spend his years in promoting a cordial Company. Among other things the re- relationship between Japan and America. port says that in the south of Peking He will have the opportunity to develop opium has alm'ost entirely disappeared, a better understanding and appreciation but morphia has taken its place. Among of Christianity through his approach to the poor, five coppers is paid for each the leadership of Japan. He plans to hypodermic inj ection, whereas the rich give a large portion of his time and usually go to Tientsin and lay in a influence to make the World's Sundaystock for themselves. It is sold in nearly school Convention the most important every Japanese drug shop in Tientsin at world gathering ever held in Japan, beabout ten dollars an ounce, and retailed cause of its historical, strategical and in the districts at about ten times that uniting value following the greatest war amount. The trade is such a profitable in history. one that the Yamen runners find it worth their while to keep their mouths A Christian Leper Poet shut. THE Japanese government maintains A missionary living near the border a hospital for lepers at Oshima, a of lower Mongolia reports similar conditions, as follows: small island near Takamatsu. Most of the lepers, when they come to this institu- "Japanese are busy selling morphia tion, are very bigoted Buddhists, and and syringes, surreptitiously; and re- they actually drove away the Christian cently one of their victims came to the superintendent six years ago, and rehospital, a broken wreck of a splendid quested the missionaries to discontinue young fellow. The Chinese have stamp- their visits. So for nearly two years no ed out opium in this province and all the Christian work was done there, and then cases I get are through smuggled there came a request to come again from opium." the lepers themselves, and now the place is visit(~d regularly every month. Prac- JAPAN-CHOSEN tically all of the patients are now at least tolerant toward Christianity. Six men Japanese Tributes to Bishop Harris have been baptized and about fifteen have become so interested that they at- T HE farewell banquet which was tend aU the meetings. Among the bap- given for ,Bishop Harris of the tized Christians is one Nagata San, who has had the disease for many years and Methodist Church by a notable company is in a serious condition. He is not only of Japanese was an illustration of the a Christian of nearly two years' experiplace which a missionary may come to ence, but is also a poet, and it is his deoccupy in the land of his adoption. light to write for the little paper pub- lished by the TakamiJ.tsu Christi~ns, The government had exprest appreciation of Bishop Harris by presenting to him the Third Order of the Rising Sun; and at the banquet he received the Second Order of the Sacred Treasljn;.

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His Citizenship Restored esting fable in which educational in- struction is involved. SOME years ago a criminal who was in prison nine times became a Chris- Japan and Sunday-schoola tian. Upon his release he started a home for discharged prisoners. He had been pREPARATraNS are still in progress a pickpocket, and one time had stolen at Tokyo, Japan, for the World's seven watches in the course of a halfhour's railway journey. He has lived Eighth Sunday-school Convention, in an exemplary Christian life. He has a spite of the fact that the date is deferred beautiful family. His children like Sun- until after the close of the European day better than any day in the week war. The Japanese Committee, of because it is the Lord's Day. At the which Marquis Okuma, premier of the coronation the emp~ror honored this man Empire, is chairman, and Baron Shiby wiping out all records of his misdeeds busawa, Japan's foremost financier, is and by restoring to him all citizen's vice-chairman, has already raised $32,- rights and privileges. '!Then he came to 000 for the reception and entertainment Tokyo to give thanks, the Home De- of the delegates. partment officials recognized his wonderful change in character as a result of But meantime Japanese Christians his having firmly accepted the teachings are making striking progress in Sunof Christ. day-school methods, have opened in Tokyo in February a training school Buddhist Opposition to Christian Sunday- for Sunday-school workers, which now schools has 140 students.

T HE movement on the part of the The full course covers two years, and graduation from the school requires the Buddhists in Japan to keep the completion of ten courses, an average children away from the Christian Sun- of eighty per cent. in attendance and day-schools is growing rapidly. Mr. seventy per cent. in class work. H. E. Coleman, who was sent to Japan last fall by the World's Sunday-school "WE"Better Babies" in Korea Association, as Educational Secretary have just closed our baby show for the Empire, writes that, according at Songdo," writes a missionary to investigation, there are about 680 of the Methodist Episcopal Church. "In Buddhist Sunday – schools throughout more ways than one it was a howling the country, with an enrolment of 110,- success. Each mother was nervously 000 children. The Buddhists plan to eager to have her 'best-ever' baby come bring their Sunday-school membership up to the required standard. The little to 228,000. ones were classified according to age into six divisions. These forty-four In commemoration of the recent coro- small citizens were sub-classified accordnation, a Buddhist Sunday-school has ing to sex, weight, height, chest and been opened in the Temple of Nishi Hon- other measurements. In each section ganji, Tokyo, which is attended weekly appeared a big poster giving detailed inby about three hundred children. For formation as to the points included in the program of service at the Honganji, the scientific care of infants. The docthe children at first sing songs in praise tors patiently explained these points to of the Buddha in front of the statue. a group of enthusiastic mothers, stress- The teacher then gives a simple lecture ing the most common deficiencies and on some part of the Buddhist books suggesting their remedy. Critical judges ilnd tells some Buddhist stor{, or inter- carefully examined each child and de- <,:ided ~s to the winner, and the mother

of the 'banner baby' was warmly con- tour is a part of the Sunday-school camgratulated." paign in one hundred cities of Japan, which is being financed by the World's Soul Winning-How They Do It Sunday-school Association.

A MISSIONARY thus describes some AFRICA of the methods of personal work used by the Korean Christians': "Soon Consecrated to Work for Moslems after my arrival I was assigned to do visiting in certain homes, and a little BLIND KHLlL, one of the native book was given me containing,the names workers in Alexandria, is noted for of each believer. On each page was a his earnest desire for the conversion of second name, and when I asked what Mohammedans. One of the missionaries, that meant I was told that that was the writes of him: name of the unbelieving woman for whom this believing woman had prom- "This man is most earnest and faithised to work and pray until she became ful, always doing more than is required a Christian. As soon as one had become of him. Last year I told you that he had a Christian her name was transferred to lost his two little ones inside of a another place, and the first sister would month. This year he is rejoicing in the select another for whom she would work presence in his home of a little son. When and pray. Pretty definite personal work, I asked him what was the name of the don't you think?" baby, he replied, 'I want to call him Mo- hammed.' 'Why should you give him a Sunday-school Work in Formosa Moslem name?' I said. 'I don't believe you wilJ get anyone to baptize him that.' A TOUR of the Island of Formosa His reply was, 'If I pray a great deal in the interests of Sunday – school for the boy he may become a great work was recently made by Rev. H. Ka- evangelist to the Mohammedans, and if wasumi, General Secretary of the Na- I name him Mohammed they will know tional Sunday-school Association of that I love and care for them, and they Japan, and Rev. K. Mito, representing will be pleased with him because he has the Methodist Sunday-school interests this name.' It ended in his being called in Japan. Mr. Kawasumi, in a letter to 'Raymond Lull' for the great missionary the World's Sunday-school Association, to the Mohammedans." states that he was treated with special courtesy on this tour, being aJlowed to A New Kind of Funeral ride free on both ship and train. At the various points touched, the people T HE funeral in Egypt is one of the were invited by the government officials places where it is becoming more and to listen to himself and Mr. Mito. more possible to preach the Gospel.

In a sixteen days' tour, Mr. Mito and A public blow was dealt the terrible Mr. Kawasumi covered 3,354 miles, vis- mourning customs of the people at the ited ten cities, held fifty-seven meetings, death of Busta Bey Khayat, by the bravattended by 2,539 people. Some of these ery and stedfastness of his widow and meetings were for teachers, some for the daughters, who are devoted Christians, general public and some especially for loved and admired by all who know them children. After the evening meetings, weJl. The man was worthy of all honor, the people came to the hotel and talked and ashe was the last of his generation until midnight, and early the next morn- in a family of old standing and of enoring they were again waiting to listen mous wealth; all the, rules of society to these Sunday-school sl?ecialists. Thts demanded an elaborate and prolonged display. The family had, indeed, in days I?ast, been noted fa!;' su,ch demonstra,Hons,.

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But on this occasion, tho the temptation Association is planning to place a special was so great, the widow exercised the Sunday-school worker there. The popuutmost self-control and self-denial -:rom lation is estimated by the government the time the funeral left the house. Th~ to-day at three and a half million, of old custom had been to hire a mourner which almost a million and a half are to lead in the wailing; instead of this, a children under fourteen years of age. comforter was hired, Bakheeta Salih, one It is stated that all told only three-tenths of the Bible women to whom suffering of one per cent. of all the children in the has given a message. The dwelling be· Sudan are in any school. came a church and the crowds of Yomen who gathered daily, instead of dividing "Never have I seen children more retheir time between wailing and gossip, sponsive to a word or a smile or a sat quietly listening to the reading and friendly act than the children I met in preaching of the Word or joining in the Sudan", writes Dr. Zwemer. "It prayer. was the same everywhere. The eager faces of those whom I saw in the Pre- Reaching the Youn, Men in Cairo paratory School for Gordon College from many parts of the Sudan, and the 1LLUSTRATED lectures have been persistent friendliness of the unkempt and neglected beggar children on the found by Rev. Stephen Trowbridge, streets, proved their responsiveness to the i7arId's Sunday-school secretary, to an extraordinary degree. One generabe one of the best methods of reaching tion of these children, understood as they the people of Egypt, and especially the should be, loved as they asked to be, Moslems. Mr. Trowbridge recently gave and approached in the spirit of Jesus lectures for the young men in Cairo on Christ, and with His highest gift, the the following subjects: "The New Era Gospel, would transform the Sudan into in Asia," in which he followed Dr. Matt the Kingdom of Heaven." in his travels; "The Life of David Livingstone," and "The Greatest Life in The English of African Boys History," in which he showed scenes from the ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. T HE mistakes of schoolboys all over the world make amusing reading. On the evening of the last lecture An English schoolmaster on the East over 550 men were in attendance, and Coast of Africa writes in the Church the striking thing was that nearly half Missionary Gleaner: of them were Mohammedan boys and young men from the government schools "At the end of term the section that who came in response to invitations. is doing English subjects is very enter- Mr. Trowbridge writes: "Boys from taining, and one does not get bored in certain schools came in a body and it the slightest degree when reading made one's heart beat fast to see these through their examination papers. In large groups crowding up for seats and the grammar paper, one boy said that then to be able to speak to them for the feminine of 'earl' was 'early'. Annearly an hour on the meaning of the other gave it as 'earlier.' 'The maslife of Christ." culine of eve is Adam'. 'The plural of donkey is ass'. In the Scripture papers, For the Children in the Sudan Dives was described as 'a glutinous man'. From an essay entitled, 'An auto- DR. s. M. ZWEMER has recently biography of myself', is taken the fol- made a tour of the Anglo-Egyptian lowing: 'We have games of football Sudan for the World's Sunday-school every evening, but have stopt playing Association, and as a result the World's lately on account of our wounds. We

hope to start again very soon. unless our national purpose in the Phil- Schoolboys are very brave.' " ippines is supplemented by efforts to put them into a larger relation with Jesus Uganda Heresy Subsiding Christ.

REFERENCE has been made from time "There are those who advise severing to time to the strange sect which arose the tie on the score that the islanders are, nationally speaking, a peril; that about a year and a half ago in the Church they present a certain weakness in time of Uganda, calling itself "the Church of trouble, making a vulnerable place in that does not drink medicine." It grew our armor. I leave it to your conscience out of a misunderstanding of a text of and manhood whether any such reason Scripture, for the word used in the Lu- exists to destroy this almighty trust." ganda version of the Bible to translate the word "witch-doctor" or "charmer" New Point of View for the Filipino . is the Luganda word for a doctor of medicine. Many thousands of the peo- REV. J. L. McLAUGHLIN, represent- ple were "baptized" by an ex-teacher named Malaki, for the most part without ing the World's Sunday-school Asso- instruction or preparation of any kind. ciation in the Philippines, in speaking of The movement has been practically con- the advance made in religious education, fined to the simplest and most illiterate says' that for centuries the Filipino has classes, anxious to secure a Christian depended entirely upon ecclesiastical di- name, while deeply ignorant of the ele- rection and orders in everything reli- ments of the Christian faith. Many hun- gious. Any idea of initiative or re- dreds of these people have since put sponsibility in religious matters on the themselves under instruction in the part of the laity is utterly foreign to Christian congregations, and there seems them and not easily understood. Their every prospect of this schism dying out part has always been to obey orders. In in the near future. the earlier days of the Sunday-school in the Islands', the schools were considered THE ISLANDS as a place where they came to be en- tertained or to be instructed by the pas- America'" Duty in the Philippines tors or the missionaries, but not a few of the laity are being inspired to aid BISHOP BRENT strongly urges the in the great work of evangelizing the retention of the Philippine Islands by rest of the Islands, and to consider the Sunday-school a workshop rather than the United States. He says: "The Phil- a rest house-as a place where each one ippine Islands are an American depen- can find ready service. dency, the acquisition and retention of which is solely justified by our sted- During the past year fourteen Sunday- fast purpose to develop an autonomy best school conventions have been held in suited to the capacity and genius of the different provincial centers throughout Filipinos. If I advocate the continu- the Islands, one General Convention be- ance of this relationship it is because ing held in Manila. Approximately I believe that we are still in the midst 4,000 official delegates attended these of the unfinished task and solemn trust conventions, besides a large local attend- and that the continuance of such rela- ance at each gathering. Most of the tion is most advantageous, if not quite provinces have been organized in Pro- necessary, to this purpose and to the vincial Associations, each one with its ultimate independence of the Filipinos own officers and working on its own as a self-governing nation. Whatever plan to meet local conditions. This gives this country has done can avail little

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a closer point of contact and enables far the greatest beneficiary, $1,290,292 them to work more harmoniously. .having gone for relief in that country or among Belgians in other countries. Japanese Take Over German Islands Armenian and Syrian relief was next with $360,000, and Serbian relief third T HE Japanese have taken over the with $148,894. An appropriation of $1,- Marshal! Islands and the AmerIcan 000,000 for relief work in Poland, Serbia, Board missions there. -Three is as yet Montenegro and Albania is yet to be no definite information with reference to expended. the Ladrone Islands or the Caroline Islands, but it is reported the Carolines For relief work in and about Conalso have been taken from the Ger- stantinople, $35,000 was expended, while mans. Nauru, formerly one of the $55,000 was devoted to the Surgical La- Marshall group, has ben connected with boratory at Compiegne, founded by the the Gilbert Islands and is now under the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Re- British flag. The Japanese have been search and under the direction of Dr. most humane and courteous in all their Alexis Carrel. treatment of the natives of the Marshal! Islands. Charles Stelzle's New Work NORTH AMERICA REV. CHARLES STELZLE has be- come field secretary of the Federal T Robert P. Wilder in America Council of the Churches of Christ in HE Student Volunteer Movement America. owes much in its inception and early development to Robert P. Wilder, its first Mr. Stelzle lived in New York's tenetraveling secretary and later a mission- ments for twenty years before preparing ary in India and a secretary of the Brit- for the ministry. After a successful pasish Student Movement. This summer, toral work in St. Louis and Minneapolis, which marks the thirtieth anniversary he has been identified with practically of the conference at Mt. Hermon where every great movement of the Church the Movement was founded, brings the during the past fifteen years. Mr. Stelzle announcement that Mr. Wilder is to re- organized the department of Church and turn to America, and will take charge Labor of the Presbyterian Church and of the Religious Work Department of the was its superintendent for ten years, dur- International Committee of Young Men's ing which time Labor Sunday was estab- Christian Association. Mr. Wilder is lished. the son of a pioneer missionary to India, the founder of the Missionary Re- Mr. Stelzle brings to the service of the view. churches unique talent and wide experi- ence, and his work for the present will Rockefeller Foundation War Aid be in the fields of the economic phases of the liquor problem, and the Church MORE than $3,000,000 was appropri- and labor, with other activities under- ated by the War Relief Commis- taken in connection with the Federal sion of the Rockefeller Foundation dur- Council. ing the six months ending June 30, the first half year of the commission's ex- An Afro-American Synod istence. Of this amount more than $2,- 000,000 already has been expended. The T HE Presbyterian Assembly proposes figures are contained in the report of the to organize the Negro Presbyterian Foundation. churches into a synod. The plan is to or- ganize a presbytery in each state. Or, if Of the total of $2,159,985 expended there are not ministers and churches during the six months, Belgium was by enough in one state, two will be put to- gether. When these separate negro pres-

byteries have been organized, instead of June 15 in the office so long occupied being attached to the white synods in by Dr. F. P. Haggard. Dr. Atchison was which they are, they will be gathered formerly joint district secretary at Chiinto one synod, called the Afro-American cago. Rev. Herbert J. White, D.D., Synod of the Presbyterian Church in the pastor of tlie First Church; Hartford, U. S. The advantages of this plan are Connecticut, has been elected chairman thus set forth: "It will give our colored of the Board of Managers; Professor ministers and elders a chance to show Ernest D. Burton, D.D., of the Universtheir gifts. As it is now, most of them ity of Chicago, vice-chairman, and belong to white presbyteries and synods, George B. Huntington recording secreand never open their mouths unless to tary. vote. They have little part or lot with the General Assembly, synod or presby- The Southern Presbyterian Assembly tery. They can not develop under such circumstances; but under their own 'vine T HE Presbyterian General Assembly and fig tree,' they will be more at home, which met in Orlando, Florida, last and will take a more active part in Pres- May, took some steps that may greatly byterian work." affect the history of that Church. Com- mittees were appointed to study and re- Italians in America port on the following subjects: T HERE is no field more open to the 1. Woman's position in the Church. service of the Church in America Southern Presbyterians have been exthan is found in our Italian communities. tremely conservative as to woman's There are more than two million Italians voice and activity in the Church. in this country. That they are largely drifting away from the Roman Church is 2. A committee on closer cooperation conceded everywhere. They are making and comity with the Northern Presbyan eager and grateful response to the terian Church. evangelical appeal. All leading denominations are pressing their work among 3. The Colored Presbyteries and Italians. To name one-there are about Churches. The committee are asked to one hundred Presbyterian churches and devise some definite policy for better missions employing the Italian language, plans and to consider the status of the and many others with various points of Afro-American Synod. contact with Italians. There are more than seventy-five Italian-speaking pastors 4. The Committee on Communion and missionaries, including women vis- Wine has asked for another year in itors, engaged in Presbyterian work. which to complete its report. This will Large investments have been made in be an important pronouncement on the new buildings and equipment exclusively use of fermented or unfermented juice for Italian work, ranging from $5,000 to of the grape. $75;000. The Presbyterian Board of Publication issues an Italian weekly re- OBITUARY NOTES ligious paper, The Herald, and carries on an extended colportage work. Bishop Peel of Mombasa A New Baptist Secretary ONE of the most devoted mission- aries of the Church Missionary So- REV. J. T. AITCHISON. D.D., the ciety, Bishop Peel of Mombasa, died new home secretary of the Foreign suddenly in April. An English officer's Mission Society, began his duties on son, born in India, he began his mission- ary career in that country, first at the Noble College, Masulipatam, and lastly at Bombay as Secretary for all the C. M. S. Missions in Western India. Then

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in 1899 he was consecrated first Bishop years went by, and the fact that she was of Mombasa. He was one of the moving compelled to teach her five children herspirits in formulating the scheme for seH until they were old enough to be federation which the famous conference left in America for education, she found· in Kikuyu met to consider. The whole time for Christian work among the course of Bishop Peel's episcopacy was Koreans and was to the women and chilmarked by progress, only interrupted at dren a "queenly woman." As a Bible its most promising stage by the outbreak Class teacher, a trainer of women for of war, when his diocese became the Christian work, and an instructor and scene of the operations of the East Af- example in the making of a home, she rica Expeditionary Force. His life was was a power for good. one wholly yielded to God and to Africa. In addition to her many duties Mrs. "T Dr. A. L. Riggs of Nebraska Baird found time to write books and HE Indian race has lost a great articles and to translate several volumes leader and friend through the pass- into the Korean language. ing away of Dr. Alfred Longley Riggs of Santee, Nebraska." So writes Rev. Rev. S. G. Wilson, D.O., of Persia Henry Roe Cloud. T HE Rev. Dr. Samuel Graham Wil- Dr. Riggs was a son of the famous son, died of typhoid fever at Tabriz, missionaries to the American Indians Persia, on July 2d. He was born on Stephen and Mary Riggs, described in February . 11, 1858; in Indiana, Pa., the volume "Mary and I," and was for the son of Andrew Wilson. He was many years settled in North Dakota. married in 1887 to Annie Rhea, daugh- Mr. Cloud says further: "To the white ter of one of the pioneer protestant misrace he interpreted the noble qualities of sionaries in Persia, whose life has been the red man so successfully that the lat- commemorated in the book entitled ter was accorded a new measure of re- "The Tenesseean in Persia." Mrs. Wilspect. He so effectually taught the good son and four children survive. qualities of the white race as found among the best Christian civilization After having graduated at Princeton that the Indians who came under his College in 1876 at the age of eighteen, tutelage became the faithful friends of he spent three years at the Western the whites. In all this he taught by Seminary and a fourth at Princeton. example as well as by precept. Since 1880 he has been laboring at Ta- briz as a missionary of the Presbyterian "The memory of his good works is en- Board, as preacher, teacher, and organshrined in the hearts of thousands of izer. His business capacity was so manired men and women who are better and fest so that he was selected to distribute happier because of him." the Armenian Relief funds for the refu- gees in Russia, and it was while engaged Mrs. Wm. Baird of Chosen in this work that he contracted th<! dis- ease which culminated in his death. AT Pyeng Yang, Chosen, on June 9, Mrs. William M. Baird, a beloved Mr. Wilson has written four works of permanent value: "Persian Life and Presbyterian missionary, passed away. Customs," "Persia's Western Missions," Mrs. Baird was the daughter of Mr. "Modern Movements Among Moslems" and "Bahaism and Its Claims." and Mrs. Jacob C. Adams of Greensburg, Indiana. She grew up in a home of deep Mr. Wilson spent his life doing good. missionary interest and sailed with her His single purpose was the propagation husband for Korea on December 8, 1890. of th~Gospel. To this he gave his In spite of growing family careS as the thought, his time, his all.

m~ tit BOOKS ON MI~IONS

AND MISSION LANDS 11 ~".. -~/; ~~….. .

-<-'

Crisis in the History of the Papacy. By "Is it not full time," asks Mrs. Mason, Joseph McCabe. 8vo. 450 pp. $2.50 net, 1916. "for the Christian Church to awake This is a book of facts-many of them to its supreme responsibility-to guide men back into the Way of Peace? to unpleasant facts, others momentous facts. insist that nations as well as individuals, Mr. McCabe presents his history in the calling themselves Christians, must keep form of a study of twenty famous popes. the law of Christ? Upon the action of He has selected the men whose careers the Church to-day the future history of were most influential in the making of the cause of Christ depends. Never bethe Papacy without reference to whether fore was war so mighty, but out of it, they were bad or good Catholic as by the grace of God and the faith of well as Protestant authors are quoted, the Church, there shall proceed a world and some of their testimony is particu- unity of which we have only dared to larly significant. dream." We can not, however, confi- dently expect such a realization, except The volume is intens'ely interesting as Christ Himself shall come to reign and gives the key to the understanding over the earth. of many of the characteristics of the Papacy-its strength and its weakness. The growth of papal doctrines, practises and ceremonies is an illuminating study. Missions vs. Militarism. By Richard G. The immorality, cruelty, craftiness and Stevenson. 16mo. 107 pp. Soc. net. presumption that characterized some of the Popes should forever discredit the Christian missions are here seen as claims of the Pope to be the vice-gerent the only alternative to militarism. It is of God. Those who study Latin America a less careful study than the preceding would do well to consult this volume to volume. The peace program may bediscover the groundwork of the Papacy come operative says Mr. Stevenson.

in the new world. (1) When Christians learn to Emphasize the Essentials of Common Faith. World Missions and World Peace. By Caroline Atwater Mason. Ills. 12mo. (2) When the Church at Home and 274 pp. Soc. board; 30C. paper, 1916. Abroad Unites in Common Service. We have here a thoughtful plea for (3) When the Branches of the Church peace and a clear presentation of the Agree to Divide the World Fairly. force that will promote peace. Militarism has no place in the Church, but (4) When Christians MobolizeOneArmy the medieval Church did not so under- of the Living God for Triumph. stand Christ. Mrs. Mason studies the fundamental character of Christianity (5) When Munitions' for Holy Warfare as' an anti-militaristic organization; the Leap to Millions upon Millions.

growth of the Church and the growth (6) When men learn that Preparedness of militarism within the fold; the peace- and Alliance lead to War, and that ful progress of Protestant missions over Some Form of Central Court is the world and the history of the Peace Needed with Power to Enforce Its Movement. Laws.

NoTE.-Any books mentioned in this department will be sent on receipt of price. Address The Missionary Review Publishing Company, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

Devolution in Mission Administration. Christ in Holy Scripture. Being a Study By D. ]. Fleming, Ph.D. 12mO. 310 pp. in the Name of Jehovah "The Lord." $1.50 net. By the Rev. Francis L. Denman, M.A.

This is a pioneer volume on Mission- 84 pp. Is.6d., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edin- burgh, 1916. ary Administration on the Mission Field. T~e Dyna~ic of All-Prayer. An Essay Such a study is greatly needed, since In AnalysIs. By G. Granger Fleming.

there has been too much haphazard mis- 12mo. 193 pp. 2S. 6d., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh, 1916. sionary policy. Dr. Fleming writes The Dvnamic of Faith. By Paget Wilkes. from experience in India, and has stud- 12mo. 178 pp. 2s. 6d., net. OIiphants, Ltd., Edinburgh, 1916. ied the history of five American societies A Challenge to Life Service. (College in that field. He includes in his sur- Voluntary Study Courses, Second Year- vey: (1) Ecclesiastical development; Part II.) By Frederick M. Harris and (2) Mission and native Church administration. Joseph C Robbins. 16mo. IS2 pp. Na- tional Board of the Y. W. C A., New York, 1916.

The volume deserves the close study The Soul-Winner and Soul-Winning. By the Rev Joseph W. Kemp. 16mo. 67 of mission officers both at home and in pp. IS., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh, the various fields. It is a distinct con- 1916. Cooperation in Coopersburg. By Ed. tribution to the science of missions. mund DeS. Brunner. Ills. 12mo. 95 pp. Soc. Missionary Education Movement, The Inspiration of Responsibility and New York, 1916. Other Papers. By Bishop Charles H. Brent. 8vo. 236 pp. $I.sO net. Children of South America. By Kath- Bishop Brent is preeminently a stimu- arine A. Hodge. Ills. 12mo. 128 pp.

lating and inspirational writer and IS. 6d., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh, 1916. speaker. He is a man with a positive The Soldier's Companion. Messages of message which he delivers clearly, force- Hope, Comfort and Love. 32mo. 183 fully and fearlessly. The papers and pp. IS., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh, 1916. addresses gathered together in this vol- Leading Opinions Both For and Against ume cover a wide range of subjects pre- National Defense. A Symposium of pared for various occasions, but they Opinions of Eminent Leaders of Ameriare all thought-provoking and valuable. can Thought on the Subject of Our Needs for National Defense. Collected Several deal with the Bishop's concep- and arranged by Hudson Maxim. A tion of the Church and of Church unity; handbook and guide for debaters and pubothers relate to missions and mission lic speakers, presenting both sides of the question with absolute impartiality.

problems, but the most stimulating are 12mo. 154 pp. Hearst's International those that deal with personal problems Library Co., New York, 1916. Defenseless America. By Hudson and responsibilities: "The Inspiration of Maxim. Frontispiece. 12mo. 318 pp.

Responsibility"; "Human Brotherhood"; Hearst's International Library Co., 1910. Sermon Reading. From the Notebook of "Prayer"; "A Vision of Manhood" and the Octogenarian Traveler, W. Spooner biographical studies of Alexander Ham- Smith. 12mo. 55 pp. $1 net. Richard G. Badger, Boston, 1916. ilton, Queen Victoria, Lincoln and Mc- Missions vs. Militarism. By Richard Kinley. These are worth reading. Taylor Stevenson. 16mo. 107 pp. Soc.

net. Abingdon Press, New York, 1916.

NEW BOOKS How One Church Went Through a War. Being a Selection of Sermons from the The Stone of Help. Autobiography of Notebook of the Octogenarian Traveler, A. B. Leonard, D.D., LL.D. Frontispiece, W. Spooner Smith. 12mo. 17I pp. $1 net. 8vo. 349 pp. $1.50, net. Methodist Book Richard G. Badger, Boston, 1916. Concern, New York, 1916. Illustrated Bible Readings. Edited by Hidden Pictures, or How the New Tes- Wilbur F. Crafts, Ph.D. Endorsed by tament is Concealed in the Old Testa- ' Union Bible Selections Committee. 8vo. ment. By Ada R. Habershon. 12mo. 397 pp. Illustrated Bible Selections Com- 284 pp. Cloth, 3S. 6d., net. Oliphants, mission, Washington, D. C, 1916. A Master Builder: The Life and Letters Ltd., Edinburgh, 1916. of Henry Yates Satterlee. By Charles Bible Battles. By Lettice Bell. Frontis- H. Brent. $4.00, net. Longmans, Green piece. 12mo. 2II pp'. Cloth, 3S. 6d., net. & Co., New York, 1916. Oliphants, Ltd., EdiRburgh, 19r6.

Bible Stories and Poems. From Crea- Tribes and Castes of the Central Prov- inces of India. By R. V. Russell and tion to the Captivity. By Wilbur F.

Crafts. Endorsed by Union Bible Selec- Rai B. Hira La!. 4 vols. Ills. Maps. xxv-426, 540, SSg, 608 pp. 425. Macmiltions Committee. 8vo. 351 pp. Illus- trated Bible Sce.,lec1t9i1o6n.s Commission, lan, London, 1916. Washington, D. The Shans. By W. W. Cochrane. Vol. 1.

Crises in the History of the Papacy. IUs. XX-227 pp. Government Press, Ran- A StUdy of Twenty Famous Popes whose goon, 1915.

Careers and whose Influences were Im- Thirteen Years in Mexico: From Let- portant in the Development of the Cte.rsDroefesC. hamrlse.s W. Drees. By Ada M. 276 pp. $1. Abingdon Church and in the History of the World.

By Joseph McCabe. 8vo. xiv-450 pp. Press, New York, 1915.

$2.50 net. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New The Importance of Christian Literature York, 1916. in the Evangelization of the Jews. Foreign Missions Conference of North By J. T .Webster. 200 pp. Gratis. U. P. America. Twenty-third Conference, Church Jewish Committee, Edinburgh, 1916. 8vo. 370 pp. 20e. Foreign Mis- 1916.

sions Conference, New York, 1916. The Jewish Problem and the World Through the Jews to God. By S. C. Kirk- War. With a Foreword by Bishop WeUpatrick. 2S. 6d., net. S. P. C. E., Lon- don, D.D. By Leon Levison. 68 pp. 6d., don, 1916. net. Morgan & Scott, London, 1916. The Virgin Birth of Jesus. By G. H. The World and the Gospel. By J. H.

Box. 5s., net. Isaac Pitman & Sons, Oldham. Z40 pp. 2S., ni?t. United Coun- London, 1916. cil for Miss. Ed., London, 1916. Why Men Pray. By Charles Lewis Slat- The Story of Islam. By T. R. W. Lunt. tery, D.D. 3S. 6d., net. Macmillan & Co., Ills. Maps. 232 pp. IS. 6d., net. United London, 1916. Council for Miss. Ed., London, 1916. Missionary Tracts for the Times. I. The Yarns on Afrcan Pioneers. By Basil Time of Our Visitation. 2. The Holy Matthews. g8 pp. 7d, net. United Coun- War. 3. The World of To-day and the cil for Miss. Ed., London, 1916. Gospel. 4. The Building Power of Talks on African Villages. By F. Dea- Christ's Kingdom. Id. each, net. Central Board of Missions, London, 1916. ville Walker. Ills. 28 pp. 7d., net. United Council for Miss. Ed., London, Pagans: A Missionary Play. By the Rt. 1916. Kev. James H. Van Buren, D.D. The Indian Fairy Stories. By Donald A. Young Churchman Company, Milwaukee. Mackenzie. I11s. 200 pp. 3s. 6d., net. Wis., 1916. World Missions and World Peace. By Blackie, London and Glasgow, 1916.

Caroline Atwater Mason. Paper, JOe.; Indian Tales of the Great Ones. By board, Soc. Central Committee on the Cornelia Sorabji. Ills. 96 pp. IS. 6d., U. S F. M., West Medford, Mass., 1916. net. Blackie, London and Glasgow, 1916.

Its Radant Hem. The Rev. Frederick D.

Graves. zoe. Church Missions Pub. Co., PAMPHLETS Hartford, Conn., 1916. Not Against Flesh and Blood. An Apos- tol!c yvord for the Day. By the Rev. The Missionary Spirit and the Present Pnnclpal Alexander Whyte, D.D., LL.D. 29 pp. 6d., net. Oliphants, Ltd., London, Opportunity. By Dr. Henry T. Hodg- 1916.

kin. I04 pp. IS., net·. Headley Bros., The ~hining Path, or Meditations Upon Thmgs of God and of Men. By the London, 1916. Rev. J. ~. Townsend, D.D. 30 pp. 6d., Japanese Expansion and American Poli- net. Ohphants, Ltd., London, 1916. cies. By James Forman Abbott, Ph.D. Pagans. A Missionary Play in Four Acts.

267 pp. :pr.so. Macmillan Co., New York By the Rt. Rev. Jas. H. Van BUren, D.D. 23 pp. Young Churchman Co., Milwauand London, 1916. kee, 1915.

Campaigning for Christ in Japan. By The Supreme Need.' In Response to a Call to the Church, in Mrs. Head's S. H. Wainwright, D.D. 170 pp. 7Sc. Booklet, "The Forgotten Friend." By the Rev. Andrew Murray, D.D., D.Litt. Methodist Episcopal Church, South, 30 pp. 6d., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Lon- don, 1916. Nashville, Tenn., 1915. Bishop Frank W. Warne of India. His Through the Chinese Revolution. By Conversion, Call to the Ministry and Other Spiritual Experiences Told by Fernard Farjenel. 7s. 6d., net. Duck- Himself. With a Foreword by W. F. Oldham, D.D. 32 pp. B. F. M. M. E. worth, London, 1915. Church, New York, 1916.

The Making of British India, 1756-1858.

By Ramsay Muir. xiv-399 pp. 6s., net.

University Press, Manchester, 1916.

The Village Gods of South India. By Henry Whitehead. Ills. 172 pp.. 2S.. Sd4 net. Oxford University Press, London, 1916. On Mahdis and Madism. By D. S. Mar- goliouth. IS., net. 21 pp. Milford, Lon- don, 1916.

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1916

CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY GIRLS' SCHOOL, FUCHAU

MISSION~Y FlgES 1. The demons of fear and superstition need to be driven out of Asia. Ko- rean children's heads often bear the scars of branding with hot irons, showing their parents' efforts to drive out the evil spirits in sickness. (See page 502.) 2. One result of missionary work in the Far East is that on becoming Chris- tians people usually take on habits of cleanliness of their own accord. The Gospel of Christ seems to be incompatible with filth. (See page 503.) 3. A number of Sikhs from India who are now living in Southern California maintain a distinct colony and are intent on earning a thousand dollars, which will enable them to return to India and live in affluence all their days. Here is a field for missionary work. (See page 525.) 4. Over three thousand American college students are now engaged in teach- ing classes, or are doing other forms of service for industrial workers. They find in the work an unexpected stimulus for their own spiritual lives. (See page 509.) 5. A Japanese lawyer, pleading for mercy for his client, who had been con- verted in prison, took the opportunity to explain at length to the court the power of Christianity to transform the lives of men. (See page 517.) 6. As many as 1,000 Chinese girls who are being sent south to be sold as slaves, pass through the Yangtze port of Ichong in a single year. (See page 552.) 8. Tho a Turkish government order had been issued, forbidding the use of French, Russian, Japanese and English as "enemy language," the Ameri- can Ambassador made it possible for some of the mission schools to continue by securing permission for the use of "the American lan- guage." (See page 549.) .J • 8. About forty influential Chinese in the city of Hang-chow have formed a Christianity Discussion Club, which meets twice a month for Bible study and discussion. (See page 530.) 9. The total amount spent for education in the United States in 1914 was less than one-third the nation's expenditure for alcoholic liquors, and only a little more than three times the estimated admissions to motion pic- ture theaters. (See page 542.) 10. At an all-India inter-caste dinner, held in Bombay last winter, with the avowed object of doing away with caste differences, 450 were present, 225 of whom were Brahmins, and 20 the "untouchables." (See page 550.) Here the girls are delivered from bondage ot fear and filth and superstition. (See page 499) I E IE OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXIX. No.7 JULY, 1916 Vol. XXIX. No.7 Old Series New Series it ,SIGNS"'OFvTHEvTIMES mI 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 I '1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIiiii.l CHINA'S RULER AND CHRISTIANITY Yuan's sudden death on June 6th, and the succession to the presidency of the T HE death of President Yuan Shih well-known and respected republican leader, Li Yuan Hung, has caused the Kai, with rumors of poison, sui- provinces of Szechuan, Hunan, Checide and nervous breakdown, has no Kiang and Shensi to rescind their doubt removed one of the strong men declarations of independence (caused of China, but has also taken a cause by their distrust of Yuan Shih Kai) of discord out of Chinese politics. and to reassert their loyalty to the Peking government. This is a decided The late President, Yuan Shih Kai, gain for peace and unity in China. was a man with energy, ability, strength of character and personal am- President Li Yuan Hung is fifty-two bition. He came to the presidency at years of age, having been born in the a critical moment, when a strong hand province of Hupeh in 1864. He studied was needed to bring together two op- at Peiyang Naval College and served posing factors-the Manchus and the on a cruiser during the Chino-Japanese Republicans-and to establish peace. war. Later, he assisted in moderniz- He was, no doubt, a patriot, but with ing the Chinese army. At the outbreak strong personal ambitions. He re- of the revolution at Wuchang he was established Confucianism as the state forced to take the command of the religion and caused himself to be pro- revolutionary forces and was instruclaimed Emperor. This latter step mental in arranging the Shanghai brought about a series of revolutions Peace Conference. After the abdicain various provinces and threatened tion of the Manchus he was elected the disruption of China.

The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW.. but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

vice-president of the Republic, to which greatly strengthened, six were baptized office he was reelected October 7, 1913. and in at least three different places groups of them are gathered into Bible President Li is not a professing classes. As these students become the Christian but he is very friendly to- officers of the Chinese army the waves ward Christianity and has given gen- of influence from this campaign of erously to the support of the Y. M. friendship will doubtless go on in ever- C. A. and other Christian enterprises. widening circles and out of it there He listened most sympathetically to may develop the future Army Departthe Christian message given by Mr. ment of the Chinese Young Men's Sherwood Eddy when the latter was Christian Association. in China two years ago. The new president promises to enforce the laws WAR AND PEACE MOVEMENTS of the Republic, guaranteeing liberty and justice to all. There is great rea- THE tragedies of the war are inson to expect that under his guidance. China will enter on a new era of peace creased, rather than diminished, as and prosperity and will give even the conflict continues. No doubt the greater opportunity for the advance- purpose of God will be wrought out, ment of Christianity. either through the war or in spite of it, but it seems unthinkable that there can THECHRISTIANS IN CHINESE ARMY be rejoicing among the profest fol- changes in China since the days lowers of the Prince of Peace when of the Boxer riots are in nothing whole battalions of men are destroyed, more conspicuous than in the changes or battleships with their living crews in the personnel of the Chinese army. and marines are sent to the bottom of the sea. The death of Lord Kitchener For example, just outside the city of and his Staff, while on their way to Wuchang there is a large military col- Russia, is a serious blow to Great lege, where future officers of the mod- Britain, and the destruction of many ern Chinese army receive their prelim- British and German warships-valued inary training. These students are at $150,000,000, and between 5,000 and drawn from all the provinces. One of 10,000 lives in a naval battle on the them, a student named Way Ling from North Sea-wil! bring sorrow to many Fukien province, was led through the hearts. In the meantime, Germans influence of an Association secretary continue to batter away uselessly at and a summer conference, into a deep Verdun in France; the Italians fail to Christian life, and exerted a powerful make much impression on the Austrian influence among his fellow students. defensive; the Russians begin a vic- torious drive in Galicia and con- The Foreign Mail of the Young tinue to advance in Armenia; the Men's Christian Association, tells us British and Russian forces threaten to that Ling's class has now graduated and cut off the Turkish forces in Mesopois scattered among the various military tamia; the British repulse useless atstations in China, the students serving tempts to capture or destroy the Suez as privates before taking their final Canal and foil plots to start serious course in the Higher Military College revolutions in India, Arabia, the at Paotingfu. Some of them who were Sudan and South Africa. Christians before have had their faith

OF THE

The conflict is more fiercely waged to pass a given point marching twenty than ever, and yet none can say that abreast without a break! peace may not come suddenly. Christians in America have recently made The American Board received a a declaration for the promotion of cable from the charge d'affadres at The American Council of the W orId Constantinople, urging that all the mis- Alliance for Promoting International sionaries in the interior of Asia Minor Friendship through the Churches. be withdrawn on account of increas- This held its first National Confer- ingly tumultuous conditions, but a ence at Garden City, April 25th to message from the United States Con- April 27th, and affirmed : "We believe sul at Tiflis, Russia, stated that condiit is time for the Christian Church to tions in the region of Van are suitable speak and act in strength and assur- for the missionaries who were driven ance of a deep and full loyalty to out to return. The American Board Jesus Christ." now has four stations under the Rus- sian flag, Van, Bitlis, Erzroom, Tre- The resolutions adopted invited bizond, and has found the Russian every communion and denomination in officials extremely friendly. the United States to establish a Peace Makers' Commission, if it does not al- Matters, evidently, are very differready have one, in order to enter thus ent in the Turkish territory and on into close affiliation and practical co- the Russian side of the line. The operation with the American Council American Board expects the male misof the W orId Alliance. sionaries to return to Van at an early date. They will travel via Russia and Christians are earnestly invited to the Caucasus and, for some time to cooperate in this movement to promote come, will be occupied mainly in refriendship and good will among the lief work. The missionaries still in nations, for "permanent peace must be Asia Minor (one hundred and twelve ultimately based on religious sanctions, in number) are advised to consult and back of all international agree- with Treasurer Peet at Constantinople ments must be good will." and the United States Embassy as to the wisdom of their remaining at their RECENT REPORTS FROM TURKEY posts.

T HE Russians continue to advance A company of eight missionaries from eastern Turkey, desiring to leave inAsiaMinor, but more slowly than for home, have been detained at Beirut at first. As they occupy the Armenian since January 1St, the Turkish governterritory, the surviving Christians come ment refusing to allow the United out of their hiding-places and peace is States battleship Des Moines to take restored to the remnant-but Asia them off. Minor as a whole is in a pitiable condition. In America, the Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief has been The havoc wrought by the Turks stirred to renewed activity by a recent can be better realized when we think cablegram which states that many of that the number of Armenians, men the Armenian exiles, deported from women and children massacred or their homes by Turkish soldiers, are starved to death in the past year would take three days and two nights

reduced to eating grass and are dying general throughout the empire, and of starvation by hundreds. it has found expression in more than "Sufferings among exiles have been one special movement. A strange greatly increased on account of their mystical revival is reported to be having refused to accept Mohamme- spreading over northern Russia, un- dan religion in accordance with offers der the metropolitan Archbishop Pe- generally made them. The fortitude trim, of Vladicavkaz. He is con- of most of the people under the suffer- ducting services with an impressive- ings which they are undergoing is ness unprecedented, and has organ- wonderful, and they are not losing their ized choruses of hundreds of chil- Christian faith. The men of the fami- dren, whose singing exercises a spell lies of many of the exiles are still serv- almost hypnotic over vast masses of ing in the Turkish army." people. The peasants and the nobles The Committee has commissions at alike stand side by side to honor this work in several cities of Turkey and leader, and even the Czar has come Persia and relief is being distributed under Petrim's influence. On one under the direction of American mis- occasion last winter many thousands sionaries and United States consuls, of persons, including royalty, nobles, each city being the distributing point and commons, knelt a long time in for a large section of country where the snow, with the mercury at thirty are thousands of destitute people. It degrees below zero, to receive the is estimated that in Turkey, Persia, archbishop's blessing as he returned Syria, and Palestine there are approxi- from the cathedral to his monastery. mately a million Armenians, N estorians, and native Christians who are des- Reports of another more evangelititute and suffering for want of food cal movement come from Rev. C. T. and the necessities of life. Byford, who is credited with know- ing more of the inner working of IS RUSSIA CHANGING? evangelical religious life in Russia than any other Englishman. He has RUSSIA, with its immense masses exprest his deep conviction that the of uneducated peasants, its renaissance which has come to Rus- powerful State Church, its autocratic sia is due almost entirely to the re- government, and its atheistical stu- markable spread of the evangelical dent classes has presented a diffi- faith. Many of the Russians them- cult problem to evangelical Christian selves do not know to what this ity. Is the war to change the situ- change is due. When Russia be- ation and to bring new life to the comes completely emancipated from "Orthodox" Russian Church? Al- the tyranny of superstition, and re- ready there are reports of such re- ceives the Gospel of Christ in its generating influences at work. simplicity, she will inevitably enter Conditions in time of war have upon a new and splendid career. The made a powerful appeal to those preparatory work of the past years elements of religion and mysti- is beginning to bear fruit and the cism which' are so potent in the light of the Gospel of Christ is Russian character. A remarkable spreading. This fact is the most growth of religious fervor has been hopeful sign for Russia's future.

MISSION SCHOOLS IN CHOSEN a tremendous number of church WE have already referred at schools all over the country. The length to the Japanese policy Government of Japan and Korea al- and laws in regard to the mission lows the carrying on of these church schools in Chosen. However fairly schools, but says definitely that the the government may intend to deal teaching of religion and of the Bible, with the missions, the fact remains or the holding of religious services that their policy is forcing the schools can not be 'included in the curricu- out of existence. The missionary edu- lum,' and in their interpretation of the cation is necessarily religious as well law the Director of Education asserts as secular, and the Japanese insist on that it was worded this way in order the separation of the two. The Metho- th&t such church schools might carry dist mission has agreed to conform to on this religious instruction during the regulation forbidding religious in- hours outside of the curriculum.

struction in the schools, without wait- Whether all will interpret the law in ing for the expiration of the ten years. this way I can not say, but when this This action places the large Presby- is the interpretation of the man in au- terian educational sysrem in a difficult thority in the administration in pOSItIon. Recently the Japanese au- Chosen, we hardly ought to say 'they thorities ordered the Sen-Sen (Syen- ( the Japanese) are doing all in their Chun) station (Presbyterian) to close power to throttle Christianity.'

the academy for girls or else to stop "The statement concerning 'a law teaching the Bible. The mission de- which says missions must obtain per- cided to accept the alternative of clos- mission from the Government every ing on March 3 ISt. This action was time they want to employ a helper, taken not because of any lack of mis- a colporteur, or a pastor, when they sionary sympathy with the Japanese establish a church' is not the law as Government and its laws, but because it exists. Everyone in the country is the missionaries are in the country not registered with a full statement as to primarily as secular teachers, but as his work, what he does, whence he ambassadors of God in the name of goes, etc. The mission does not have Jesus Christ. to obtain a permit for the employment A recent letter from Dr. Horace G. of a helper, a colporteur or pastor, Underwood, an honored American but must notify the Government con- missionary in Korea, takes exception cerning all so employed who are de- to statements in a recent number of pending upon church work for a live- the REVIEW (p. 84, February, I9I6), lihood.

in regard to the Japanese attitude to- "Judge Watanabe, well known as a ward the missions in Korea. Dr. Christian statesman in the adminis- Underwood writes in part as follows: tration here, and one who is noted as "I do not hold that they (the Gov- an active, energetic Christian worker, ernment) are right in separating re- told me that these laws for religious ligion and education, but they have work among the 'Koreans in Chosen decided to do so and their decision were identical with those laws under has been arrived at very largely be- which both the Methodist and Presby- cause of the fact that there were such terian Japanese churches in Chosen

had been working for a good many heads of the following five new depart- years; I think, therefore, that this was ments: The Department of Evangel- not especially aimed at Christianity ism, the Department of Church Exten- among the Koreans. The Government sion, the Department of City Work, had introduced the Japanese system the Department of Rural Work, and of registration with a slight modifica- the Department of Frontier Work.

tion for Korea. While we may dis- The plan further provides that the agree with the laws and with many Board shall consist of thirty-six lay- of their methods, let us strive to view men and thirty-four ministers, one of them as they are intended." -these to be a bishop.

MISSIONS AT THE METHODIST EPISCOPALiANS AND UNION WORK GENERAL CONFERENCE T HE Board of Missions of the EFFICIENCY, economy and an ag- gressive forward movement are Protestant Episcopal Church sent delegates to the Panama Congress on the characteristics of missionary ad- Christian work in Latin America but ministration to-day. has declined representation on the Continuation Committee and refused The quadrennial General Confer- to take a part in the proposed program ence of the Methodist Episcopal for united missionary work that has Church met in Saratoga Springs, developed from the Congress and its N ew York, during the month of regional conferences. Some of the May, and elected two new mission- officers are in sympathy with such ary bishops for Africa, Rev. Eben united efforts, but the opposition in the E. Johnson, of Sioux City, Iowa, Church as a whole is strong, and deleand Rev. Alexander S. Camphor, gates were sent with the understanding a negro, now President of the Central that the Congress was deliberative and Alabama College. Rev. Herbert Welch not legislative or executive. was also made a bishop, to be stationed in Seoul and Rev. Wil- The cooperation of Episcopalians in liam F. Oldham, another new bishop, union movements at home is shown by was appointed to Buenos Aires. He the fact that one hundred and forty served from I904 to I9I2 as mission- churchmen were delegates to the Naary bishop of Malaysia, and since then tional Missionary Congress in Washhas been Corresponding Secretary of ington. They pledged the salary necesthe Board of Foreign Missions in New sary to pay a secretary of their own York. He is an able leader and may communion on the staff of the Laybe expected to develop a strong mis- men's Missionary Movement, and also sionary policy in South America. unanimously adopted the following statement : "We wish to express our In the home mission field the Con- absolute confidence in the Board of ference reorganized the Board of Missions and pledge them our loyal Home Missions and Church Exten- support in making up the full amount sion, which formerly had three cor- they may see fit to appropriate even to responding secretaries with coordinate the full amount of the appropriations jurisdiction. It is now proposed to asked." place the board in the general charge of one secretary, who shall appoint the

J COMING

JUNE AND JULY, June 14th to July 25th-Summer Term, Bible Teacher's Training Sch., N. Y. 23d to July 3d-~oman's Summer School of For. Miss., Silver Bay, N. Y. 23d to July 3d-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conf., Seabeck, Wash. 23d to July 3d-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conf., Silver Bay, N. Y. 26th to July 6th-Miss. Education Movement Conf., Blue Ridge, N. C. 27th to July 7th-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conf., Eagles Mere, Pa. 30th to July 9th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Asilomar, Cal. 30th to July 9th-Christian and Miss. Alliance Conv., Binghamton, N. Y. July 4th-The 35th anniversary of the opening of the Tuskegee Institute, 1881. 5th-The 60th anniversary of the birth of Ion Keith-Falconer, 1856. 5th to 12th-Women's Summer School of Missions, Boulder, Colo. I 7th to 14th-Woman's Summer School of Home Missions, Boulder, Colo. 7th to 16th-Missionary Education Movement Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y. 9th-The 210th anniversary of landing of Ziegenbalg and Plutschau in India. 10th to 17th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Vermillion, O. 11th to 21st-Missionary Conf. on Religion, Columbia University, New York. 14th to 21st-Woman's Summer School of For. Miss., East Northfield, Mass. 14th to 28th-Missionary Education Movement Conference, Estes Park, Colo.

15th to 24th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Missions, Princeton, N. J.

16th-The 80th anniversary of the birth of John E. Clough, 1836. 17th to 22d-Woman's Summer School of Home Missions, Mt. Hermon, Cal. 17th to 24th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Pen Mar, Pa. 20th-The 75th anniversary of the Founding of Lovedale Institute, So. Africa. 21st to 28th-Woman's Summer School of Home Miss., East Northfield, Mass. 21st to 30th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Missions, Tarkio, Mo. 21st to 30th-Missionary Education Movement Conference, Ocean Park, Me. 22d to Aug. 18th-Vacation course for missionary preparation, Oxford, Eng. 23d to 29th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Missions, Lakeside, O. 28th to Aug. 6th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. 31st to Aug. 7th-Reformed Church Missionary Conf., Ridgeview Park, Pa.

AUGUST 1st to 6th-Okoboji Summer School of Missions, Arnolds Park, Iowa. 1st to 11th-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Asilomar, Cal. 4th-The 75th anniversary of the birth of James Chalmers, 1841. 4th to 14th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conf., Old Orchard, Me. 5th to 12th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Mt. Gretna, Pa. 7th to 14th-Presbyterian Foreign Mission Conference, Montreal, N. C. 7th to 14th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Collegeville, Pa. 11 th to 20th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conf., Lancaster, Pa. 12th to 18th-Woman's Summer Sch. of Home Missions, Chautauqua, N. Y. 15th to 20th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Palisades, Iowa.

"LOVEST THOU ME?"

An opportunity for the ministry of love in China BY W. H. JEFFERYS, A.M., M.D. GERMANTOWN, PA. Formerly a Medical Missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in China IRSTLY – The Gospel with the manger in Bethlehem and mF of Jesus Christ is com- continuing to Calvary when the gift prehended in the one of life was "finished" Jesus continued word LOVE, and love systematically to unself Himself, to is not a self-protective Himself completely become the "Son . thing, it is the outgoing of man." Day by day through the thing, the unselting thing. years He gave Himself in love-in the Secondly-Jesus said a good many name of the child-in-the-midst, of the things as if He meant them, but prob- disciple, of all the host of the world's ably none in which He spoke more needy ones; 50 much so that we say to- emphatically than in those pronounce- day, in very truth, the need of the ments which He sealed with the word world is the voice of Jesus, calling "Inasmuch." "Lovest thou Me." "Greater love hath Bishop Brent quotes in "The Reve- no man than this."

lation of Discovery" that love can not "As the Father hath sent Me so be defined, that in the last analysis send I you," "take up your cross and "Love is love"; but I believe that we follow Me." In this sign we shall are not far off the track of a practical conquer. This is the meaning of working definition when we say that- "Whoso shall lose his life for My Love is the giving of life, some of sake and the Gospel's (the love Gos- life or all of life. To me the greatest pel's) shall find it unto life eternal"- utterance the world has ever heard is which is perfected love.

this: "God so loved the world that r am at the point of reviewing the He gave His only begotten Son"-and, past in perspective, the mistakes we in Him, gave to us the eternal love- have made in China, the things we life of God Himself. His giving of have thought worth while and worked life came from the very Heart of Love for; and the gold tried in the fire.

all the way to that hate-stormed Cross The rubbish heap is large and there on Calvary. On the third day (the are many ashes, and yet it is all so morning star of eternal life) was simple. Where we have served our- Love perfected. So comes it that the selves we have failed. Where we Cross where that life was given, is for have put our missions in the name us the symbol of perfect love. of trade, of American civilization, of This same Jesus said, "As the the opening up of industries, we have Father hath sent me so send I you," been unprofitable indeed.

that is: For Love's sake, take up your A recent paper by a Chinese in St.

Cross and follow me. Love is the John's Echo says: "But what struck motive of service-of all service. Love me and converted me were and are the is the outgoing thing, the unselting earnestness and self-sacrificing deeds thing, the giving of life. Beginning of my professors and the missionaries

of the interior. The Christian virtues mutual consideration and helpfulness. and the Confucian ethics were placed They were a callous lot, and not outbefore me side by side. I concluded wardly much on loveliness; but there both are good, but between them there was a peculiar satisfaction in ministerwas and is a great difference. That ing to those most alien minds and difference is the decisive element be- bodies, sitting on the bedside of a tween them. I may illustrate it by a chronically starved waif from the true flower and an imitation one. The drama of Chinese life, and testing on former is life. The latter is dead tho him the magic of love, digging down beautifuL" into his deeply buried soul to see where Christ's loveliness might be In the kingdom of Christ only divine found in him, and hearing in his moan love lives. Such love is eternal life, of agony the voice of Jesus. unlove is eternal death. It is a long reach from the social In so far as we truly love we mani- environment of a conservative Amerifest Christ, and no further. When can town down into the very depths of the Church's love reaches farther, the heart of a derelict Chinese coolie; when she and her messengers give but it is not so far, by a long way, as themselves utterly in love, then will it was from the heart of God, the men hear and understand, and be con- Father, to the thief on the Cross, yet verted, and take up their cross and the conditions are at least faintly simthe world will follow. ilar. There is the same element of daring and adventure and there is the THE ADVENT OF LOVE same element of the splendor of love's imagination. A Chinese professional It has always seemed to me that on beggar and leper once brought me her this basis, that of the adventure of leper baby for my admiration and ap- Love, the mission of the Church is the proval, the whole being apparently an most gorgeous of all human callings outward expression of an inward sense in the very fact that it has that ele- of human fellowship and sympathy. It ment of adventure which is so per- is almost impossible to express in hufectly wonderful in the incarnation of man words the flight of love's imag- Jesus, the adventure of God for the ination such as could bring us two love of His children, the great ad- alien human lives into this fellowship. venture. So can the Church take up, Only the magic of love does that thing, as Christ Himself did, in His name, and Jesus is the great Love Way from the very same adventure and carry it man to man. This question of the down to the last dregs of human con- reach and imagination of love is vastly sciousness; to the most alien of the underestimated in the importance of children of His Love. its bearing on the whole question of the Church's mission. '" In St. Luke's '"Ho'"sp'"ital, Shanghai, Even in actual mission service it is we used to have a ward guarded by only through love that we get that the police and with barred windows, most necessary element of success especially devoted to prisoners from which we call vision. Just as war the jails, to professional beggars, and conditions are only really felt in this to other human derelicts, and even to pirates. Their strong points were not

LOVE-THE SUM OF THE GOSPEL 49 I

IN NEED-A TYPICAL BEGGAR OUT-PATIENT In bed No.8, at one end, there is a new patient-a perfect stranger. He country by those who can love, so is is just a thing, some six feet long, that it with regard to the need of the world we call a man, six feet of motionless in general. There are supposed to be yellow clay. He looks about twenty certain large amounts of eye disease years of age, robust, a good face, but and blindness in far eastern countries, at present perfectly expressionless, and good people are supposed to sym- with almost the relaxation of death. pathize more or less with such a con- He is flat on his back, his hands are dition of affairs. But follow me folded on his chest, and his face is around a mission hospital in Shanghai turned upward. His eyelids are half for a moment, and let me show to your closed, and motionless. love's imagination an actual· condition. Mechaqically we nod to him, but Now we are walking with the Resi- there is no response, so we say "Tsat, dent, Dr. Koo, a couple of nurses and A I" (Good morning). But still the senior students, down what we there is no response, only a vague sense call the "lucky ward"-every hospital of uneasiness and a slight trembling has its lucky ward, I suppose, and of the eyelids, but it answers the every surgeon his superstitions-stop- question that is in our minds. He is ping 'at most of the beds for at least uncertain if he is being spoken to, and a few questions and nodding or saying our diagnosis is partly made. a word to each patient. This is the morning round. It's a torturous way, "Why did he cO{l1e in at night, paved with toil and agony, and lighted Doctor ?" by the reflection from the glow of an invisible Presence. "Oh, he is not in for his blindness, he is an opium suicide, but he either did not take enough, or his family got him here very promptly. We worked over him for some hours, and he seems safe now."

Bending over the young man we notice that his breathing is quiet and steady. He is now conscious of our nearness, but two white patches SOME LOVE AT WORK Bed endowed by American children in memory 6£ a crippled boy

where his black pupils ought to be "Yes." show that he is stone blind. Seating It depends on circumstances. One ourselves quietly on the side of his of the circumstances is the reach and bed, we put our hand on his. the imaginative power of some one's love. "Noong a-z hah-tsz Va?" (So you are blind.) **** "Sz-tsen." (It is so.) Some love has reached to China, "Why did you try to kill yourself?" half way around the world, and we "I do not wish to live." have seen something there of the "Tell us about it." human agony of one blind man, but "I am a tailor. A year ago I rap- beloved, there are others. It is our idly went blind. I can not see any- impression that, except in rare inthing, I can not do any work. No one stances, blind boys and men in China will employ me for anything. There eventually find their way on the street is now only to become a professional as professional beggars, the lowest beggar on the street, and that life is class of Chinese humanity; and then not worth living." (The fate of the there are the women and the girls-! blind in China.) "Why did you not come show us Jesus said to a certain group of your eyes first?" Christians who thought well of them- "What wotrld be the advantage? selves, "I counsel thee to anoint thine Blindness is incurable. that night has eyes with eye-salve that thou mayest no to-morrow." . see." "Behold, I stand at the door A month goes by, and there is a and knock." "If any man hear my group of four men gathered about a voice . . . Inasmuch." canary bird up in the roof garden, one very old, two middle-aged, and It would be the merest guess to' one a boy of twenty. They are talk- name the number of blind in China. ing about the good points of the bird, but I should consider it a fair estijust as we talk about the good points mate to say that there are a hundred of a bulldog. There is quiet joy in thousand perfectly curable blind eyes their faces. They have all been blind, in China to-day–but the love of and they all can see. The youngest some so-called Christians in America is our tailor boy. He is wearing his can not reach that far. new glasses, and trying experiments with them. We,nod to him, and this Some one said recently that every time he does respond: man believes in love. Henry Drum- "Si-Sang." (Master.) mond calls it "the universal language "Ze-voong! Ngan Kyung hau veh which all can understand," but it is hau?" (Well, tailor, how are the so much more; it is the life of God glasses ?) Himself, it is the gift in His son to Answer, "Hau-Ie." (Well, in- the whole human race, it is the whole deed.) "I can see to thread the Gospel message, it is salvation, it is smallest needle; I am glad." the whole commandment of Jesus "You see that night of blindness Christ, it is the motive of all valid had a to-morrow." Christian service, it is the unity of the Christian Church-the only possible unity that's worth more than a scrap of paper,-it is the measute of the

PIERSON MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL IN SEOUL

stature of the per- If thou woulds't fect man, it is the be perfect, oh! be- "These things ye loved bod y 0 f ought to l1ave done Christ, go sell all and not to have that thou hast and left the others un- follow thou Him done." fo r He I should like to is the way to see the whole body Love.

of Christ, for the "W h 0 s 0 ever next ten yea r s, shall lose his life make love "its sale for my sake and occupation," pray the Gospel's shall for love more than save it unto life for all else put to- Eternal."

gether; look, speak, "Whoso loveth work and think not knoweth love. With St. not God .

Paul, do this one' WAITING for God is thing, "Press on Love."

toward the goal unto the prize of the "I am the way follow thou high calling of God in Christ Jesus." me."

Progress of the Pierson Memorial Bible School in Seoul Ii. 1N EARLY five years ago, Korean Christians have been gradu- following the visit of ated. All the Methodist and Presby- Dr. W. W. White to terian theological students are re- Korea, a Union Bible quired to take their first year of School was started in preparation at the Bible School and Seoul, the capital of many others take advantage of the Korea, to train Bible teachers for the excellent courses of study provided. large and growing work in this most prosperous field of Protestant Mis- The number of students varies from sions. The school has since become fifty to one hundred, and these not the Arthur T. Pierson Memorial Bible only study the Bible and how to teach School, with a Board ot Directors rep- it but they are engaged in practical resenting the Protestant Missions ~t Christian work in the city. In Sepwork in Seoul. The work has been tember, or October, the Bible School greatly blest, and several classes of will enter the new building, which is shown in course of erection in the ac-

companying illustration. It stands on given to a Chinese contractor, the sua commanding site on one of the main thoroughfares, on a hill overlooking perintendent of construction is a Japathe city. The funds in hand are sufficient for the completion of the main nese, and the furniture has been made by Koreans of the Y. M. C. A. in building but an additional $7,000 is Seoul.

greatly needed for the erection of a Dr. James S. Gale, secretary of the dormitory and for the purchase of the board of directors, writes: "The site we have secured commends itself to THE PIERSON MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL PROPERTY IN SEOUL, CHOSEN (KOREA) This view shows the main building in course of erection, and gives an ,excellent idea of the commanding location near the main thoroughfare. The American committee hopes that additional gifts will make it possible to purchase the property adjacent to the street. The cost will be about $4,000.

land between the Bible School prop- us more and more. The fine open erty and the street. This purchase view is refreshing and the outlook will protect the approaches and pre- over the Japanese Middle School vent the erection of buildings 'that grounds and off to the palaces will be would shut in the Bible School and an aid to the labors of the class room." obscure what may be otherwise a commanding obj ect lesson to 'Koreans To-day is the day of opportunity in and travelers – a central Christian Korea. The Bible is the basis of landmark and gathering-place for Christian faith and practise among union Christian conferences. disciples in Chosen. This explains the reason for the apostolic character The contract for the building was of the Korean Christian Church.* * GHts for the purchase of th is property and for th,e erection of the needed dormitories 'for men and wornen may be sent to the Secretary of the American Committee, D. L. Pierson, 354 Fourth Avenue, New York. Checks may be made payable to Valter McDougall, Treasurer.

We Ready for War?*

BY REV. JOHN HENRY JOWETT, D.D.

GREJAT vision is not al-.. name "Christian Soldiers?" In the lurid light of the warfare in Europe mA ways beneficent. Un- can we speak without shame of "fight- less it issues in a great ing the good fight of faith?" What- crusade it becomes only ever one may think about war, we a deadening dream, a should challenge ourselves as to reverie, a kind of medi- whether we are entitled to call our- selves an army equipped to proclaim tation, that puts the active powers the message of the Lord and establish "peace on earth and good-will to men." to sleep. We must have not merely the vision, Military metaphors are used very but the glowing spirit of crusade. We must not only go out from these confrequently in connection with the lay- ventions seeing-we must go out fight- ing. Let me take my place just where men's missionary campaign. These the Lord has put me and there fight for God and His truth with all the ardor metaphors, so abounding in the New of the soldier now fighting for his country in Europe. Testament, and used with extraordin- Turn your eyes upon Europe and ary vividness, have been reborn and then fix them upon yourself. Weare learning by the warfare in Europe that rebaptized in the horrors of the Euro- a powerful army is possest by the conviction that it is fighting for somepean war. The very word war has a thing worth while. It may be the de- fense of the home or the glory of the new significance; the word fighting country; it may be the glory of the lJiighted word; or the sacred cause of suggests an amazing conflict; the word freedom; or the unity and security of empire. Whatever it is, there must endurance betokens almost unspeak- be something of controlling power if the strength of the army is to be susable resources; the word valor has tained. There can not be perennial springs of energy where there is no come to palpitate with a self-forget- deep and vital faith. It is in great convictions that great emotions have fulness for which it never stood be- their birth. Emotion is always thin where conviction is faint. But emofore. Therefore, when we make mili- tion is like a river when the convic- tary terms the terminology of religion, I am afraid that the very brilliance of our terminology may eclipse the some- what somber dulness of our lives.

If we are going out as an army seeking to incarnate the visions of these missionary conventions, how do we, as an army, compare with the armies in Europe? Can we be favor- ably mentioned alongside of the armies in Flanders or the Tyrol or the Rus- sian frontier? Look at anyone of the European armies and then turn your eyes upon the army of the Lord.

Is that army dimmed by the army in Europe? Are we entitled to the … An address delivered at the Laymen's Missionary ConventionJ New York, Wednesday evening. April 12, 1916.

tion is like a mountain. An army Cambridge is empty. Edinburgh Uniwithout mighty conviction is like a versity is empty. The great industrial loose multitude without bonds. universities in Birmingham, Sheffield and Manchester are empty. The Now, have we, as Christians, any young fellows are away at the front. such conviction ? I do not sayan Look into the banks and factories and opinion- a thing that flies away like a we find that the young fellows are all falling feather, but a conviction- gone and girls are in their places. something that holds me as its convict, Every empty place means that a man that possesses me, controls me. Have has given his blood in the defense of we any convictions worth fighting for? his nation. Everywhere in Europe just now there is a readiness to con- We see in this world of sin and secrate blood in the defense of home suffering the need for a great and and fatherland. glorious emancipation. Is that worth fighting for? We are fighting to make Last summer, when I was walking known the love of our Father in the through a little village in Gloucesterperson and work of our Savior, Jesus shire, I saw a woman standing at the Christ. Weare fighting to disperse door of a little cottage. She turned darkness and ignorance, to break the to me and said: chains of evil habit, to offer salvation from the bondage of sin, to make an "Is there any news of the war this end of cruelty, to emancipate the op- morning?" prest, to dry tears no other hand can touch, to transfigure sorrow, to I told her the news and then asked, exalt wedlock, to glorify the home, to "Are you very much interested in the hallow childhood, to beautify age, to war?" light up death. "Very much interested in it? Yes; Are these worth anything? Is it I have five sons at the front and I worth everything just to unveil the wish I had more to give." fatherhood of our God, to unveil the great motherhood of the race, to un- Five sons! Five sons! – "and I veil the springs of forgiveness, to un- wish I had more to give." seal the very fountains of true freedom, to open up the way of eternal That is the spirit of the European life, the way that leads to Home and war-no sacrifice is too great to se- God. Is that worth fighting to attain? cure ultimate triumph. Is it worth anything? Is it worth everything? If we ale convinced of How is it with the army of the the glory of that for which we are Lord? How do we compare with the fighting, we have the primary requi- European soldiers in the extent of our site for a fit army in the service of sacrifice? Are we ready to give our our Lord. blood to proclaim the incomparable splendor of our cause? The first blood Look again across the seas at the ought to be given when we pray. armies in Europe. There we see a James Hinton, that e~ceedingly promarvelous willingness to give blood to found and practical philosopher, said gain desired ends. MyoId University, that we shall have to begin giving Oxford, is empty. The University of more in our thinking and in our prayers. There is a way of bleeding when we pray. 1£ I merely pray about myself or my family there is no blood,

WE READY FOR WAR?

but when I pray and do not remember elist and public man, once wrote that myself at all, in the remembrance of his footman was a man without much other people, when my petitions go apparent personality. But he enlisted out like armies in loyal intercession, in the army, and after several months bearing other people to the throne of training, Sir Gilbert wrote that "he grace, then my prayers are red with simply was not the same man he was life blood. when in my service." He said to Sir Gilbert Parker, "I am keen to go and Is my labor red with blood? We I think I am fit for it now." often tire ourselves with things of the world. How many really wear them- Rev. Stuart Holden told me of a selves out in the work of the King- young fellow in his congregation who dom of the Lord? In a biography, I had been for nearly all his life sitting read, the other day, of a man who on an office stool. He gave himself, said in a letter to a friend: "It is a body, mind and soul to be disciplined glorious thing to get thoroughly tired in the army; and so well did that man out for Jesus." That is spending your serve his country upon the field, that blood as they are spending it for an he was summoned before the King and inferior purpose in Europe. That offered his choice of honors, whether should be the spirit of the army of the a commission in the Army or the Vic- Lord-red with the blood of sacri- toria Cross. A young man says when fice. he gives himself to the army of the King, "Here I am. My poor imperfect Across the seas, I find in the army body and mind I surrender to thee for a sense of community. Every man is discipline and for drill to equip myself making the best of himself for the for the field." service of the whole. The man places himself at the service of his country. How is it with me? 'King Jesus What drilling a man undergoes, what says to me, "Jowett, I want you to be discipline he follows, what obedience a well-equipped unit in my army. Give he practises when he thus places him- thyself to discipline and drill and make self in the army of the King! How thyself fit for the field." Am I doing willing he is to be equipped for the it? Am I keeping my body under and field! One night, in the very dead of making my body an efficient servant night, in a little town of Yorkshire, for my Lord? Am I training my mind I heard the call of the bugle and in clear and pure thought, in vigilant in twenty minutes I heard the sounds understanding and in swift and correct of thousands of feet running through moral judgment? Am I drilling mythe darkness, going for a night run of self in the mighty exercise of prayer? ten miles to harden the young recruits Am I engaged in the even more for the field. You would be amazed exhilarating discipline of praise? at the ~ransformations taking place Whereas, to me, as a boy, a prayer in the physical caliber of the young meeting was somewhat dull, a praise men and in their general powers which meeting was absolutely exhilarating. have been brought about through un- "Be not drunk with wine," says Saint reserved surrender of every capacity Paul, "but in giving thanks." You to be disciplined on the field. will find greater exhilarancy and stim- ulus, in praise than ever in wine. Have Sir Gilbert Parker, the famous nov-

we indulged in the exhilarating disci- ings? Are we always talking about pline of praise, and are we engaged in other people's wounds and other peothe enlarging, expanding and athletic ple's suffering? Are we so intent upon ministry of intercession? the suffering in India and China and Japan and Africa that we scarcely re- When a man begins to pray for member our own? Whenever we be- India and China and the islands of the gin to forget our own sufferings and sea, and does it intelligently and sym- our own hardships and our own burpathizingly, he is becoming an excep- dens, we are becoming well fitted to tionally well-equipped and disciplined be soldiers of the Lord. servant for the army of his Lord. One more word. In one of the vil- Look again at the warfare in Europe lages of Flanders I have been tolJ and see the armies possest by uncon- there is a large crucifix, and the figure querable courage and persistence. on the crucifix has been greatly man- Amid all that is desolate, appalling gled, and the arms of the figure, by and heartrending, there are glimpses the shells have been forced out into of heroism that light the darkness. an imploring attitude, but the face Think of that new officer dying in has been blown away. Now, my Flanders-and as he was dying,cry- brothers, that face must be restored. ing out to his Dorsetshire regiment: Europe must once again see the face "Stick to it Dorsets, stick to it Dor- of Jesus. Great Britain and Gersets." many and France and Russia must see the face of Jesus. We must help to If that is being a soldier in Europe, reveal it? Will you pledge yourselves what ought I to be as a soldier of the to do it, not merely in Europe, but in King? every land under the sun? Shall we pledge ourselves that with God's help One officer wrote home, and at the everyone of us will drill and discipline end of the long letter he just added and surrender until each one is as a postscript: "By the way, I am in well equipped for a soldier of Jesus as a hospital with a bit of shrapnel in the men in Europe are well equipped me." That is all there was of it. "By to serve their king and their country? the way!" China does not yet know Jesus. Are Another wrote home "I have a bul- we daunted? India does not yet know let buried in my face and five holes Jesus. Are we daunted? America in my shoulder. Jol1y mess they made does not yet know Jesus. Are we of me, but now I am washed I am all daunted? Let us rededicate ourright." It is that light dismissal of selves. personal wounds, it is that valorous thinking of other people; it is that Soldiers of Christ arise reconsecration of their poor patched- And put your armor on. up bodies to the renewed service of their country that fil1s me with deep Strong in the strength which God supplies and grateful surprize. Who are these Through His eterual Son. soldiers ? Won't talk about their wounds; won't talk about themselves. From strength to strength go on, What about your elders' meetings? Wrestle and fight and pray, What about your deacons' meetings? What about your trustees' meet- Tread all the powers of darkness down And win the well-fought day.

A MARKET DAY SCENE IN CHIENG MAl, NORTH

Casting Out Demons In Asia EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY AT WORK IN THE FAR EAST * BY REV. THOMAS GUTHRIE SPEERS, NEW YORK AR'KET is held every had rented a booth, to which they EMJ three days in the little came every market day to preach town of Tap Teang in the "good news" to any who might pause to listen. We sat by their side ~ .:.. southern Siam. To the and watched. A half-breed, a Simo- Chinese evangelist, was speaking. On ~ old bamboo and thatch the wall behind him hung a mission- ary map of the world. His subject sheds come crowds of was the "Fatherhood of God," and, as he spoke, he pointed first to one people from all the many neighboring country and then to another, telling his hearers that the God whom he farms and hamlets. On the low plat- had found cared equally for the in- habitants of all the nations. Many forms running the length of the long in the crowd paused to listen, partly out of curiosity at the sight of forsheds were piled the stores of the eigners, partly out of interest in the words of the speaker. merchants and market women: fish As we watched there came one that were alive and flopping, fish that old man from a distant country vil- had been dead a long time; betel nut, native cloth, and cheap imported trink- ets; all these and more exposed to germs and offered for the inspection of the hundreds of people passing up and down the long alleyways.

In one corner of the market a little group of native Christian evangelists '*" Mr. Sp'eers has recently returned from a tour of missions in Eastern Asia. His report is particularly interesting as that of a wide·awake college graduate interested in world betterment.-EDITOR.

A RIVER BOAT IN THE NORTH OF SIAM The notch in the high curved stern is for the spirit to sit in so it will not disturb the crew lage, one who had never before heard pression on that man's face as he of Christ. He stopt to listen on the heard more and more of the message outskirts of the little group. Almost of the half-breed evangelist, without instantly his attention seemed to be being sure that Christianity was not caught, and we could see him nod merely a collection of theories or once in a while as if to say, "What truths, not merely an ethical system, you tell us is true." Without taking but a living, glowing force, a vital his eyes from the face of the evange- power, a reality! list, he moved to the edge of the little market platform and sat down to Of the many impressions which the listen further. As his interest grew Christian traveler in the Far East rehe pushed himself back on the plat- ceives none comes to him with such form more and more so that he force as this impression of the wonwould not be disturbed by those who der of his own religion. In America passed. At last he rested his shoul- a man's vision of Christianity is obders against the wall and settled scured by the multiplicity of interests down to spend the remainder of his and by the fact that the majority of morning hearing the truth which one's neighbors and friends call themwas so new and yet which appealed selves Christians. Consequently, a so strongly to his heart. Noone man often fails to recognize the vitalcould have sat there in that filthy ity and power of the Christian shed and watched the changing ex- religion.

In the Far East, on the contrary, it

OUT DEMONS IN ASIA 50!

VICTIM OF' HEATHEN LAW IN KOREA The criminal law in Asia is based entirely on the principle of fear stands out clear-cut against the back- those who have not had that advan- tage, who through ignorance and suground of the Asiatic religions, That perstition dwell in constant dread of something, they know not what. which is considered the usual in Amer- Through all the countries of the Far East there exists this fear, fear of ica is seen as the unusual out there. the unseen, fear of something which always seeks to harm men. That which we at home accept half- In the Philippine Islands there are heartedly is seen to be a wonderful, men and women who do not dare to leave their huts between eight and living force. Anyone who has had the nine o'clock in the evening because they believe that the spirits of the privilege of witnessing the effect of departed return to earth during that hour and torment those who have not the preaching of the Gospel upon a lived as they should.

man who has never before heard the In China we noticed that nearly every house had a great spirit wall Good News can not fail to realize built up in the road directly in front of the door to prevent evil spirits that there is far more to the Chris- from entering the house. The people believe that spirits can fly only in tian religion than many in America think Here are a few of the changes that the Christian religion IS working in the Far East to-day: .

The Demon of Fear First, Christ is delivering people from fear. We who have been brought up in a <:ivilized country can not know the attitude of mind of

straight lines; and so, when they have dren make in kindergarten-images erected these walls, they feel safe in of buffaloes, of elephants, and of their homes, for the spirits can not children. When a father finds that go up over the top of the guardian his boy is sick he makes a clay image walls and then down through the of a child and puts it in the spirit door on the other side. Imagine the shrine, and then prays to the spirit, attitude of mind of men to whom saying: such things are real, who would actually be afraid to live in a house "0 spirit, you do not want my little which did not have a spirit wall pro- boy, for he is ugly and weak and can tecting the doorway! do nothing that is helpful. Rather take this child, who is so beautiful In Korea (Chosen, Japan), at the and who will do many useful things church services the men sit on one for you. 0 spirit, you do not want side of a center partition and the my little boy!" women on the other, the men with their funny little black hats perched In that way the father hopes to deupon the tops of their heads, the ceive the spirit into taking the clay women with their white cloth head- image instead of the real boy. To dresses. Then close up to the edge those who have our Western backof the platform one sees a small circle ground of thought this does not seem of black heads-the little children, very terrible, but it is real to them! who wear no head covering at all. All their lives they have believed that And there is scarcely anything more the whole universe is filled with unpathetic than to look down upon seen powers, everyone of whom is those little black heads and see many constantly seeking to harm them, to of them with a small round spot bring sickness upon them, to destroy burned into the top of their scalps, th'eir crops, to blow down their where their parents have branded houses. There are no kindly spirits; them with red-hot irons in order to they are all evil and hostile to men. drive out the evil spirits of sickness. Imagine the mental attitude of men It is fearful enough to think of par- who have lived all their lives under ents inflicting such torture upon the the shadow of this fear, and then children they love, but it is more ter- consider the change that comes over rible to consider the atmosphere of them when they [earn of Christdread in which all of them must live. when they are told that there is but The fear of the hostile unseen makes one Great Spirit, Who made the them believe that such physical suffer- world and Who rules it now, and ing is necessary. that this Great Spirit is a loving spirit, a Father Who seeks not to Siam especially seems filled with harm His children, but to work them the fear of spirits. Along the coun- good. Christianity is delivering men try roads one frequently sees little from fear. spirit shrines-a bamboo post stuck up in the ground with a flat tray set The Demon of Filth on top of it. And in the tray one may find a whole collection of small Not only this, but Christianity is clay images such as American chil- doing the very practical service III the Far East to':'day of delivering

OUT DEMONS IN ASIA 50

men from filth. The slums of some The Gospel of Power of our great American cities are dirty, but one has little conception of what Christianity is doing a greater thing real uncleanliness means until he has than delivering men from either fear visited the cities and towns of the or filth. It is giving power to believ- Far East. The streets, the roadside ers, enabling them to do things that ditches and little canals all filled they never could have done before, with an indescribable mass of slime things, perhaps, which they never and filth, the unsanitary conditions in would have desired to do.

In 1912, at the close of the revolu- THE BONDAGE OF FILTH AND POVERTY IN ASIA A wayside beggar in China the houses, the absence of anything tion in China, when the Cantonese resembling personal cleanliness, all soldiers returned from the north, they contribute to a horrible condition of brought with them to sel1 as slaves dirt and pollution. some six hundred little boys and girls whom they had stolen from their Yet one of the most interesting side- homes. General Hwang Sing had not lights on the Gospel was the oft-re- gone up to the north with them, but peated statement, made to us in met his soldiers as they passed Korea, that when men become Chris- through Nanking. When he discovtians they also become clean. Little ered what they had done, in his anger is said to them about it, but naturally he had some of them beheaded. He of their own accord they clean up. took the children from their captors There seems to be something in the and gave them into the care of a little Gospel of Christ that can not exist Chinese woman named Miss Chow, side by side with dirt. When a man's who, entirely from a motive of patrisoul has been made clean he feels otism and a desire to do something compelled to purify his body also.

for this new government, volunteered body and the strong, beautiful face of to start an orphanage for them. She the lady who has accomplished these was given an old yamen or court things, and we felt sure that Miss house, and for a while she tried to Chow had not worked alone, but that carry out the stupendous piece of there had been with her One by work. But soon her motive of patri- means of Whose power and love she otism wore out, not being strong had been enabled to work the work enough to stand against the difficul- of the Father Who sent her. Out ties and discouragements which con- of weakness she was made strong.

TEACHING FILIPINOS THE BLESSING OF LABOR A class in agriculture at Silliman InstituteJ Philippines stantly crossed her path. She would All through the countries of the perhaps have given up, but just then Far East one finds men and women into her life there came the knowl- doing things that they never in the edge of Christ, and immediately all world could have accomplished withthings were changed. Her motive of out the power of God in their lives. patriotism was ennobled and purified. The difficulties which before had But this is not enough to inspire seemed unsurmountable now appeared men and women to leave their homes possible of solution. We visited that and go to countries whose languages little orphanage and looked into the they do not know, with whose cusfaces of the children and heard of the toms they are unfamiliar, and among marvelous things that ar~ being done whose inhabitants they are often most for their lives. We saw the frail unwelcome, there to live and work for life. It is splendid to relieve men

OUT DEMONS IN ASIA

of their fear, to purify them of their up on high; those who were facing filth, and to enable them to do things one way have been turned squarely that they could not have done before; around and now walk in the opposite but these motives of pity, of hygiene, direction. and of efficiency are not sufficient to warrant the existence of such a task We saw many instances of this as the missionary enterprise. Men transforming power of Christianity. would demand some higher possibility In Japan we met Buddhist priests before they would make the sacrifice who had once sought only selfish and corrupt pleasures, but who now are GIRLS AND WOMEN OF A SABBATH CONGREGATION AT TAIKU, KOREA The curtain dtviding the men from v;,~'::~h,;;,a~i~dos~en at the left. The large basket hats which they do so willingly in becom- giving their lives to the unselfish sering messengers of Christianity to far vice of their fellow men in purity distant lands. and love. In northern Siam we saw a whole village, 'It one time a nest The Power That Transforms of thieves and murderers, now eagerly crowding into the little chu:-ch which Christianity offers this higher pos- they have built with their own hands, sibility in the one thing which it is the leaders of the old robber band doing supremely throughout the Far acting as the officers in the church. East, namely, the transformation of We listened to a farmer boy in the character. Nothing could be more Philippine Islands as he rose in his wonderful than to see the changes school assembly and told the boys which Christianity has brought about that when he had come there he had in this realm. Men who were far been very sinful, but that when he down in the mire have been raised

had learned the truth in the Bible it his father was ashamed, but which had helped him to cleanse his soul neither he nor his religion was able and his life. to prevent. At last in desperation he brought this wayward son to the one The most striking example of the lone Christian missionary who lives transforming power of Christianity in that stronghold of Shinto, telling we found in the city of Yamada in her that he could do nothing, and Japan. This is a sacred city that is asking that she use the power of her visited yearly by thousands of pil- religion to help his son. Into the grims, who come from all over the fellowship of the little group of per- Japanese empire to worship there at haps fifty Christians the boy was the imperial Shinto shrines. It is a taken; and we saw him there at a city of only about 40,000 inhabitants, meeting in the house of the missionbut it contains 800 hotels, erected ary, an absolutely new man. What solely for the benefit of the long all the powers of Shirito couid not do stream of worshipers. The shrines that Christianity had accomplished. themselves are very simple. In front A life had been transformed, a charare small rock-hewn basins filled with acter made new by the power of water for the purification of the pil- God. grims. From these basins they come in a constant procession up to the These are some of the things that shrine itself. There they drop a cop- the religion of Christ is doing for the per coin in a box made ready for the people of the Far East. He is delivpurpose, fall on their knees, clap ering them from fear, cleansing them their hands twice to attract the at- of their filth, giving them power, and, tention of the goddess, mumble some most important of all, He is transformula of prayer to be made clean fonning their lives. No other reliand pure, rise and go back to their gion is doing this in the Far East. homes. Since the shrines were first No other power than Christ can do erected, in 4 B.C., men have been it. Peter stated the truth when he thus coming to this sacred place, seek- said to the Sanhedrin: ing and longing for something, but gaining nothing. The son of one of "In none other is there salvation; the head priests, in spite of his sacred for neither is there any other name surroundings, became very wild and under heaven, that is given among unruly. He did many things of which men, wherein we must be saved." The Acts 4: 12. (R. V.)

Itongolo-The Black

BY REV. ROBERT HAMILL NASSAU, S.T.D. Author of Fetishism in West Africa ~""'''''''''t"'"G~HILE I was living at took such statements with caution; Benito, W est Africa, there might be selfish desire for em- I sent some of the best ployment. I did employ him. He native church-members was quick, faithful, cheerful. When to adjacent districts, others, at the noon rest, sat down to ten or twenty miles smoke, he came for a lesson in the alphabet. At night, when others went away, as teachers or evangelists. One to the village dance, he came to my day I started alone down the coast, study for more lessons, and to ask a along the sea-beach, to inspect the multitude of questions. He grew school at Hanje. I leaped across or rapidly. He became a church-memwaded through some of the many ber. I made him, successively, forelittle streams that crossed the beach. man of the workmen, captain of my At a larger one, I undrest and swam. boat's crew, teacher, evangelist, ruling elder. He became a candidate and At Hanje, I had a happy time, ex- licentiate. During all the many years amining, commending, and encourag- of testing, he never once failed, and ing, and, late in the afternoon, I never laid himself open to rebuke by started to walk back the ten miles. either session or presbytery. Coming to that large stream, I intended again to swim it; but, I saw While Itongolo was in my employ sharks. So I sat down under the as teacher some ten miles away, he bushes at the top of the beach, hoping regularly made monthly visits to me that a canoe, with two men whom I to report. On one of these occasions, saw fishing, would come ashore and a brother of his had died at a village ferry me. Finally, the canoe did along the route he was to take. come; but, the two men were armed Almost any other native would have with guns and seemed to be acting in abandoned the report, and would a suspicious way. It seemed strange have spent at least a week in idleness that fishers should also have guns. at the mourning, sitting in rags and When they landed, the younger one ashes. But Itongolo had drest himbroke into a laugh. They came to self in unusually good clothing on his me. I did not know them, nor they respectful visit to me. He stopt at me. They asked what I was doing, the village where the mourning was hidden in the bushes. I told them being held. When he entered the that I was resting in the shade, and street, the mourners broke out in inwaiting for them to ferry me. They dignation at his fine clothing, "You did so. Then I sat down on the gun- have no love for your brother! We wale of their canoe and preached are sitting in rags and dust." He Jesus unto them. replied, "In my heart I am mourning for my brother more truly than you Two weeks later, the younger one, are doing with your dust! I am Itongolo, came to me, saying that he desired to be a Christian. I generally

doing my monthly duty of reporting "Yes, and I remember your laugh. to the white missionary, whom I At what were you laughing?" respect too much to go to him in rags. I will, however, recognize our "Dr. Nassau, your life was in custom, and will mourn with you for danger that day. With the other one day, and then I will go on my man I had been fishing unsuccessway." fully. We had our guns; for, the tribe at that part of the coast was During the while that he was in not friendly to us. Suddenly I saw my personal service at Benito, in his an object hidden in the bushes on the church activity, he organized a Civili- beach, and we cautiously came ashore, zation Society. He did not ask my so as not to alarm it, in order that advice, nor did he ask me to attend. I might shoot it. On landing I saw This was so unusual that, for a that what I had thought was a wild moment, I was disposed to resent beast was a human being. And I being ignored. But, he explained: laughed to my companion at our disappointment. " "If you attend, the members will not say all their thoughts, they will Itongolo's wife was older than himspeak only to please you. Some of self. Tho forty years of age, she them in their hearts still approve of learned to read, and became an old customs. To me they speak earnest worker among the women. freely; and I make them see that they After her death he married a younger are wrong." woman. He died in the prime of life in charge of the Ubenji church. So I refrained from attending the He was always true, quick, earnest, meeting, and he regularly came to with a happy, hopeful temper. As report to me what had been said and done. He opened my eyes to my protege (as did other proteges to the real character of some of the church-members. Finally, after many their special teacher) he imitated me years as a licentiate, he came before in my penmanship, my pulpit man- Presbytery for ordination. After the nerism~, my tastes in house-building, laying on of hands he said to me: and in other ways. I thought him the most spiritually minded of our "Dr. Nassau, do you remember that native ministers. first day that we met?"

HOW ONE READER USES THE REVIEW "Please let me thank you for the BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT. Some of the plans I have passed on to the four hundred children's Mission Bands under my care, and I feel that I can voice their appreciation with my own.

"Just now I am in the midst of going through the file of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. I am opening the wires at the back of each number, slipping out the 'Department of Best Methods,' slipping the wireS' again into place, leaving the magazines in apparently unchanged condition. All the pages of the 'Departments' I am binding together for more convenient handling and for frequent reference.

"Possibly others may find this a method that may be included among the 'Best: "-From a letter received from Miss Elizabeth N. Briggs, Raleigh, N. C, Band and R. A. Superintendent, 'iVoman's Baptist Missionary Union of North Carolina.

NEED OF MORAL AND SPIRITUAL

A typical lumber camp with its saloons where spiritual engineers are at work Seeking Men and Finding God THE SUBJECTIVE REACTION FROM CHRISTIAN SERVICE BY FRED H. RINDGE, JR., M.A., NEW YORK Secretary of the Industrial Department International Y. M. C. A.

EEKING men and A millionaire's son, an under- graduate in college, who had been led ISI finding God! Chris- into his first service for some fac- tian workers are ac- tory men, said: customed to think of "The men I've been teaching have done me more good than I can ever . . first finding God and do them, and it is real joy to be doing something worth while. I'm . . then expressing our not ashamed to say that this work has changed my whole viewpoint of faith and love in terms of service life and made me realize for the first time what it means to be a Chrisfor men. This is not only advisable tian."

but necessary. "By their fruits ye His life was truly transformed, as was further proved when, a few years shalI know them." Service is essen- later, he took charge of several hun- dred lumbermen in one of his father's tial to a real Christian life, but how western camps, improved their work- ing and living conditions, raised their about the large number of men and wages, and became known as a "square boss and the workingman's women who are not Christians yet who friend."

have real ability going to waste? Many A man uninterested in Christian could not teach a Bible class but they could teach mathematics to a group of apprentices, take part in a survey, or render some other form of worth- while service. Seeking men (in cer- tain forms of service) sometimes helps the seekers to find God. A few illustrations may more clearly explain my theme.

work and not known as religious, tho ica, causing him several times to con- brought up in a Christian home, re- template suicide, because he could not cently responded to an appeal to lead get on, Joe stood on a street corner a boys' educational club, "because the one evening, when a volunteer spoke thing looked real" to him. It was to him as a brother and invited him not directly "religious work," but to to join an English class. Joe joined, him it became a religious privilege. became interpreter, then teacher, and After a year of this service and a learned how he could serve others.

fellowship in service with other This opened the door into a new workers, he entered religious work life. He soon joined the church, for life. Evangelistic meetings, Bible and is now ready to give his life to classes, talks, etc., had not touched Christian work. The volunteer who the niotor nerve in this man, but spoke to Joe on the street corner was when he was given something to do a Jewish student, who was beginning for somebody else his heart re- to discover Jesus as the fulfilment of sponded. He was not an "excep- his faith. Somehow, hundreds of.

tion," but one of the "average men." "Christians" had passed Joe by "on The captain of an eastern football the other side," but the Jew had not.

team, the most popular man in col- A letter from this same Jew states lege, was opposed to the student that he has joined the Association in Young Men's Christian Association a Western city, lives in the building, because he felt (wrongly, to be sure) and is teaching a Bible class there.

that it was "only a prayer-meeting." He writes: Nevertheless, when asked to teach "The first lesson I taught was the citizenship and American ideals to a Sermon on the Mount. We discust group of foreigners, he accepted the it for two hours without getting half challenge, even at considerable sacri- through. It's great!"

fice. Through this he became inter- That Jew is now' living a life of ested in the entire work, was elected Christian service, because, in seek- pre$ident of the Association, won ing men, he too found the only true many of his fellows to the Kingdom God, and heard the caIl of Jesus and has now become a Y. M. C. A. Christ to a larger ministry.

secretary in the very city where he How did that Jew happen to do the first enjoyed the privilege of a real unselfish thing in the first place? Back service-experience. in his college was a Y. M. C. A. sec- My friend Joe is an Italian lad, retary who believed in the evange- whose life is one of constant struggle lizing power of service and who was to resist temptation and gain a live- willing to trust the average man- lihood. Recently we saw Joe walk- even a Jew. And when this secre- ing the streets of New York looking tary saw the results of his trust in for work, because he had just given men, his trust in God was strength- up a good position for another . ened. This was another "subjective "foreigner" who needed it more than reaction from service."

he. Some call Joe a fool. We call Real men are not enthusiastic about him a hero. After three years of serving on "paper committees," but hardship and ill-treatment in Amer- will gladly go out into the com·

MEN AND FINDING GOD

SE.ElCING MEN proportion to the reality of the serv- ice activities. The college man in touch with the industrial worker I am also interested in the indus- trial aspect of this idea. I have obmunity to undertake something far served other men, after similar servmore difficult. In fact, we have seen ice experience, go from college into some college men who saw nothing industrial centers and make possible to interest them in their church, but movements for accident prevention, who were among the first to respond social hygiene, proper amusements to a real service appeal. Some of for their men, welfare club buildings these same men, after a year's serv- and branches of the church or Young ice, not only joined the church but Men's Christian Association, often in became teachers of its Bible classes, places where no other restraining or which classes began to reach men, refining influence previously existed. heretofore seemingly unreachable. Still others have gone to large cities Some may fear that "service" may where they have gladly placed their supersede or interfere with "serv- experience at the disposal of the ices" and other activities, but such church. As this is being written a a fear is unfounded, if proper suPer- letter arrives from a graduate who vision is provided. Something must says: "I never seem to be quite satisbe vitally wrong if the strength of fied with life, although I have every the Bible study, brotherhood meetings reason to be. I have given the and other such work does not in the matter a good deal of thought, have last analysis prove to be in direct changed positions twice, without re- sult. The trouble is that I've been doing things entirely for myself, and devoting all my energy to my own A FOREIGNERJS OPINION · OF AMERICA

advancement. I am convinced that In his travels throughout the past the only way to get any real satis- six years the writer has personally faction out of life, is to devote more observed over five thousand men, of my time to working for others. mostly from universities and church Please put me in touch with a real men's brotherhoods, placed in various job." forms of volunteer service, such as teaching English and civics to for- The very nature of Christian work eigners, leading boys' clubs, instructdemands that we give volunteers a ing groups in first aid, giving shop chance to do some one thing that they talks, leading classes in labor unions and over fifty other lines of work. can do. Many of these men have been of the We preach the gospel of personal type indicated and some have un- doubtedly volunteered for service beand social service and maintain that cause they desired the experience or anyone who fails to practise this from other "selfish" reasons, but not greatest of Christ's principles-serv- a single one of them, so far as we ice-can not be a real Christian. can learn, after careful study, has Lives become selfish and self-cen- failed to feel a subjective reactiontred, because- men are "too busy" a reacdon which, in many instances to accept and make opportunities for has meant enlarged sympathy, exservice. The warning note in many tended vision, quickened understandreligious conferences is the necessity ing that amounts to a revelation and of avoiding breadth at the expense of frequently means, even in spite of depth, and the importance of the themselves, that men in seeking men minister or religious leader himself found God! never becoming so much of a social engineer as to be led away from in- "If any man willeth to do His will he timate touch with the individual man shall know of the teaching."-John 7: 17. who hungers for brotherhood. Notwithstanding all this, too many of us If this is true of the non-Chrisare afraid to give the average man a tian, it is equally true of the doubtchance to serve, and thus prevent his ing Christian. He was a wise man getting from service the very things who sent the brother, filled with we all agree he needs to make his doubts, out into the western construclife essentially Christian. tion camp to work among men, for word came back: "I arrived here There are men and boys in our doubting much in religion, but when churches and Christian societies whQ I found how badly these poor felare cold, distant, and of that particular lows needed a Savior, I got busy and not uncommon type of mind and my doubts vanished." which resents both "preaching" and "personal work" (vitally important In order that we might benefit by as this is), and who perhaps need a the definite counsel of ministers and real service-experience, more than others, a brief questionnaire was reanything else, to bring about a spiri- cently sent to many student and city tual awakening in their lives. That Y. M. C. A. secretaries, who are such men will respond to the service using large numbers of volunteer appeal has been adequately proved, especially during the past few years.

MEN AND FINDING GOoD 51

workers. The following digest of results in more kindly, Christ-like relareplies is significant: tions with all men and gives one a new working faith in the average goodness I. What is the effect of industrial of men." service upon the student who serves? "Tends to tone up a man's whole life." "By frequent intimate contact with working men, the student secures a first- 2. Have you noted instances where hand knowledge of their working and men's lives have been strengthened living conditions and becomes interested spiritually as a result of such service? in improving these conditions in a rational and effective manner. By this unselfish "Most certainly. The chairman of our t:NCLYf fOR £!l!WN'!…

~ri., A Ntnth lHwn Wa.c~ YISITon kOOCks Aman knocks allre fronl goes Tile falller aoes to IIlf 0001 !/Ilfn, The lalher opens 1111! !klI IS slandlng Mr.SmlthlSslandll!gon1l1l! c shal<tshaOCls The lall1er snakes hands Wllh T~a~t"f. ~;HoW tl saYS Mr. smlh sav~ I am well. lhank you: Mr. Smlth carnes Into Ille T e ffiO/N'r W~(omes lit SIIS In me parlOr The lamer IaIkS 1l) h The mOlber brings n take and COIIee.

rile oaugnler helllS her rr.

The son IS not al home. Mr. SllI/lh gelS up fQ lea He saYS "g1lOll·bye-llllhe TheIrefalthlOeOrr.ices Wllh ~ Mr 'imilh saYs "ROOIIlJy lather says "g1lOll by ""(ome again.

M.5ml ea MAKING THE FOREIGNER AT HOME IN AMERICA Teaching the incoming millions to think and speak Christian American ideas service, he becomes less self-centered, Intercollegiate Council has greatly deand is usually greatly strengthened both veloped. A year ago he was· 'indifferent.' morally and spiritually. I am convinced Now he 'fairly eats the work.' The work that the value of the SUbjective reaction is helping him get his spiritual equilibrium of this service upon the student can not and he will probably give his life to it." be overestimated." "The year after R– started this "It's a wonderful, and sometimes a work, he became chairman of the Bible humiliating revelation to a fellow to get Study Committee. He had not been inup against some of thes"e foreign men. terested in the Church or Y. M. C. A. It makes a fellow readjust a good deal before. He is now thinking seriously of of his previous thinking. Practically, it taking up the Association work for life."

HELPIN G BOYS INTO CHRISTIAN MANHOOD AND AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP 3. Do you know of cases where by his becoming chairman of the commen have been won for Christ as a mittee." result of such service? "Many men have joined the Church "I am acquainted with one fellow whos'e as a result of this volunteer service." life was absolutely changed through work with working boys. He has been defi- These quotations speak for themnitely won to Christ, and is contemplating selves. The surpri~ing part of our giving his life to the work." investigation is that not a single Christian worker interviewed or cor- "I believe decidedly that industrial responded with doubted the spiritual service awakens men to their own real reaction from service: This is another need of help, and drives them to Christ strong argument for ' the use of "the as their all-sufficient Savior." average man" in volunteer work. Church history fully justifies the use 4. Are some men won by gIVing even of the non,Christian for certain them a real job to do, where other forms of service. We recognize that methods fail? now and then such a volunteer may not be as efficient or truly representa- "Captain of the college swimming team tive as we might wish, but may it not is an example. Until this year the Church be our duty to take some "risks" for or Y. M. C. A. hadn't been able to in- the sake of what the service renterest him in anything. We succeeded in dered may do for him who renders it? getting him to take a club of boys, and As a matter of fact, for one man who the effect this had upon him is shown

MEN AND FINDING

COLLEGE MEN CONDUCTING A BOYS' "GYM CLUB" AT WILLIAMSTOWN fails, one hundred men may rise up in some Christian workers the obstacles a new strength and astonish us with seem almost unsurmountable. But their earnestness and efficiency, and have you observed what has hapmay find God. pened to some obstacles in the path of progress during the past forty We know, intimately, one man years? In 1875, when "dreamers" whose whole viewpoint of religion said we could draw from the open air was changed through trying to teach an invisible force that would run our a class of foreigners English, even machinery, pull our trains and light tho the class failed after a few weeks. our cities; that we could record and The volunteer did not help the for- reproduce the human voice for the eigners very much, but he tried hard; pleasure and profit of mankind, people he will do better next time. He says: agreed they were crazy. In 1880, "Before I undertook this work the when other "dreamers" affirmed that only ideal I had in life was to make yellow fever could be conquered and all the money I could regardless of the death rate from tuberculosis and anyone. Now I don't care where typhoid cut in half; that torpedo I go or what the salary so long as it boats could speed safely and swiftly IS some place where I can help through fathoms under the sea; that others." horses would to a large extent give place to "horseless carriages," people Overcoming Impossibilities laughed in derision. In 1895, when men of science declared that messages There are difficulties in the way of using volunteers extensively, and to

would be sent through space along men, average men, of the· type preelectrical waves; that motion could be viously indicated have also been used continuously photographed and repro- in certain kinds of service with great duced in "moving pictures," many success. said, "Ridiculous, it can not be done." In I902 a few daring spirits affirmed Many churches and other religious that there would soon be "flying organizations are enlisting their memmachines" that could travel one hun- bers in successful volunteer service as dred miles an hour, and "wise ones" never before. In this way some of smiled. In I 909, when adventurers the "average men" in life are being claimed that the North and South afforded a real service-experience- Poles would be reached, it seemed and some of these ordinary men, like mere bravado. When China, the through service and the power of oldest and most absolute government, God, are being led into most extraorwas changed to a Republic, the whole dinary activity. world wondered. The more we discover and use All of 'these "dreams have con- these average men, delegating to them densed their misty substances into responsibility and authority, even tangible realities," because a few had with all their faults and weaknesses, faith in them. A few years ago we, trusting them and trusting God (who among others, thought it impossible is more anxious for them to "make to enlist hundreds of busy men, good" than we are), the more souls engineering students particularly, in will be won for the Kingdom! After volunteer service for industrial all, is there a man or older boy in workers, but there are now 4,000 whose heart there is not the capacity such students from 200 colleges ren- of response to the service appeal, if dering forty different kinds of in- that appeal is made in the right way? dustrial service each week. Besides Is it not a witness to the Divine in this, nearly 3,000 graduates who be- man, and should we not in this way came interested at college are now give God more of a chance and trust promoting the ideas and ideals of the Him to fan the spark into a flame? Industrial Service Movement of the Y. M. C. A. The types of service "Lead me, yea, lead me deeper into life; promoted by this Movement par- this suffering human life wherein Thou !iv'st ticularly appeal to college men. and breathest still, and hold'st Thy way di- Large numbers of the finest kind of vine. 'Tis here, 0 pitying Christ, where Christian men are used in this work. Thee I seek. Here where the strife is The character and Christian life of fiercest; where the sun beats down upon the the leader always counts more than highways thronged with men, and in the anything else. But other men–good raging mart. 0 deeller lead my soul into the living world of souls where Thou dost move."-Richard Watson Gilder.

Japan's Leadership In

BY ROBERT E. SPEER) NEW YORK Author of "Missions and Modern History," etc.

1I….rtHJ'……..'""'~IHE net judgment with which a Western race or nation would which we returned to be judged, unless the latter be held America, after three to a stricter accountability because of VISItS during seven their fuller light. months, is a judg- ment of increased re- Whoever seeks to view the Far East with an impartial mind to-day spect for Japan and for what she has will be imprest anew with the sigachieved and a deepened confidence nificance of the history which Japan in the worthy and better elements of has made. Of the Asiatic nations Japanese life and character. There she alone has thus far shown hersel f are circles both in the East and III capable of actually mastering and the West in which it is almost as absorbing the principles of efficiency much as a man's life is worth to which lie behind modern progress. express such a judgment as this, so The new civilization in Japan is deep is the feeling of racial distrust not merely imitative, but has been inof the Japanese and of suspicion of telligently absorbed as no other their political and commercial ambi- Asiatic nation has yet absorbed it. tions. Many times we have been frightened at the intensity of this The New in the Old feeling as we have encountered it at different points in the East. After what one has seen of the struggle for civilization in other Noone can complain of fair and Asiatic lands and of the danger of discriminating judgments, but what attempting to make tr:ansitions by frightens one in much of the prejudice breaches and over chasms, one appreagainst the Japanese is its unfairness ciates Japan's success in having and its lack of discrimination. moved from the old to the new with Courses of action pursued by America so little rupture and without the loss or Great Britain or Germany are of her own racial traditions and inviewed and judged in an entirely tegrity. The new has been grafted different light from similar courses on to the old not without blunders of action pursued by Japan. and some misshapen consequences, Japan's conduct is often considered a but in the main with wonderful skill matter of mere political expediency and success. or a cover of sinister purposes, while wrong done by Western nations is Japan has done better than any of too often condoned or lamented with the other Asiatic nations in presoft judgments. Wrong and right are serving good manners through such not affected by degrees of longitude. a transition. It is pitiful in some of Evil or unworthy actions on the part the Eastern lands to see how fully of the Japanese ought to be judged the old etiquette and courtesy have on precisely the same basis as that on passed away without the acquisition of such good manners as there may

still be left in the West. Japan is her example Japan could add inholding still to some of her old tra- fluences which would win the love ditions which she must transcend, but and confidence and good will of the she ought to be judged charitably if Asiatic peoples, the service which she she holds to them a little too long. might render to Asia and to the What can a nation build on except its world would be unlimited. But as past? The present history of Siam one travels about through Asia he shows how difficult it is to build up finds that while Japan is admired, a sense of national personality with- she is also feared. The other Asiatic out a living history. peoples complain that the Japanese are proud and overbearing, that they By grafting the new civilization on are seeking not to befriend and to her own racial life Japan has ren- guide but to overpower and dominate, dered a great service to the whole of to secure and monopolize the markets, Asia. It is true that the process has to promote the interests of Japan not been a perfect one. Every living alone and not to guard Asia for the experience of this kind is sure to be people of Asia or to seek the nobler mixed with crudities both of spirit end of fostering the brotherhood and and of form. Who should realize unity of all mankind. this better than Americans? But just as America set an example of inspira- If Japan could break down these tion and of hope to the peoples of the suspicions and free herself from all West, so Japan has done to the the influences which justify them and peoples of the East. They were in give her leadership unselfishly to the danger of slowly sinking into a sense Asiatic peoples it would be the beof racial incapacity, surrendering the ginning of a new day. hope that they could ever take a full place amid the serving, working, for- The Inspiration of Religion ward-moving. nations. Such a despair as this was itself sure to create its Only religion will be able to inown justification. And the strong spire ambitions like these in the heart nations have not been free from the of a nation and the old religions of error of schooling the backward Japan can neither give men such innations into the idea of their own spiration nor even produce these conincapacity, nor has the missionary ceptions in their minds. enterprise escaped from this reproach. But to treat either men or nations as Shinto is in the narrowest sense incapable of the highest is to dis- nationalistic and for purposes of qualify them for the highest. The nationalism even is now only a great need of the Asiatic peoples to- shadowy and receding force. Its day is that they should be steadily ritual has filled a large place in the heartened to believe that God has as coronation ceremonies, but it is a honorable and worthy work for them mere shell for departing ideas not to do as for any others. Japan's unwisely preserved, perhaps, until example has given such a heartening new and living ideas have more adeas this to all the Asiatic peoples. quately taken the place of the old. The Shinto shrines are kept in good If to the hope and inspiration of repair and to many of them in the holy places the people still throng,

16] JAPAN'S LEADERSHIP IN

but it is often with simply a holiday nation with penetrating and far-expurpose or as a rite of patriotism or tended influence. They have made a with a religious longing which would nation of readers. At the ricksha turn as readily to an image of Buddha stands the coolies read together while or to some symbol of animism. they wait. Messenger boys have their books in their pockets to read as Buddhism, broken into scores of they push their carts along the roads. sects, active in its propaganda, has It is claimed that more books are its huge temples and its millions of published and sold in Japan now adherents, but it has been badly each year than in Germany. For half damaged by notorious financial dis- a mile in one street in Tokio bookhonesty in its chief shrine, it can stalls, with new and second-hand not without logical contradiction fit books, line the street on either side. itself to the needs of a modern The yellow press, exceeding in irresociety, and in its effort to do so is sponsibility, in lack of historical perappropriating more and more of spective, in sobriety, in any conscious- Christian truth. One is imprest in- ness of the perils of its power, even our evitably by the splendor of the tem- yellow press in America, finds in all ples and the multitudes of people this mass of common men who are thronging about them, but two things now able to read a field where fire need to be kept in mind when we are can run as over a prairie. In the told of the activity and popularity of schools all classes meet together and Japanese Buddhism. One is that the in the democracy of their fellowship cleanness and good repair of the and of the truth which they are temples in Japan as compared with the taught forces are at work which must squalor and neglect of the temples slowly develop a new Japan and in so many other parts of Asia which will need the wisest guidance, may be due, not to any special if wise guides can be found to sucstrength of Buddhism, but merely to ceed the few survivors of the old the fact that everything is kept up men who have led Japan so successbetter in Japan than in other Asiatic fully along her amazing way. countries. The second is that the idea of amusement and recreation is One of the things which impresses more and more drawing crowds to one deeply as he comes to Japan the vicinity of the temples but is also from the Philippine Islands or China weakening and too often degrading is the tightness, the constriction, the' the old religious sensibilities. The close knit organization of life in best known of the Tokio temples is Japan. In spite of the license of the tenfold more now than twenty years press there is still a check upon free ago, the center of the amusement and expression. Japanese will often immorality of the city. lower their voices as they refer to some political or religious subject. A Nation of Readers Economically and socially also Japan seems to be completely set together, The processes of national educa- the paths to employment are clearly tion to which Japan whole-heartedly defined, the whole organization seems committed herself a generation and to be more nearly finished, with less more ago have wrought upon the

room for free play, for initiative, for schools or public halls or even in innovation. Buddhist monasteries. The secular newspapers are reporting now not The Japanese are beginning to feel only religious meetings where the disthis and are attributing some of it to cussions have had a semi-political the rigidity of their educational cast but purely evangelistic services mechanism. The great body of as well. An English paper in Tokio alumni of the different private uni- printed the account of the Emperor's versities resent the privileges of the birthday with a small caption and Imperial University caste and now immediately under it, with bolder that the head of one of these uni- capitals and in longer space, an acversities is Prime Minister and its count of the death of Dr. David Dean, Minister of Education, what Thompson, one of the older mismight be called educational liberalism sionaries. A few years ago it would is raIsing its hand against the not have been thought appropriate to routinism of the educational abso- overshadow with any other news a lutists who have controlled the whole reference to the Emperor's birthday school system of the nation. Many ceremonies, least of all with an' acare arguing that the traditional system count concerning a missionary, has simply bred specialized men, that the nation needs a great body of men N ever were Japanese Christians more freely educated and breathing bolder in telling their nation what it an ampler air, that there should be needs and where what it needs can more flexibility of mind and life, a be met. Dr. Uzawa, an elder in the release from the over-preCision and Church of Christ in Japan, and a bureaucracy of the past. leading lawyer of Tokio and a mem- ber of Parliament, stated in a pub- The Japanese are instinctively an lished article, "Does Japan need orderly, rule-obeying people and their Christianity?" effort at transition from a social mind in which they have been clamped to- "The main reason why Japan needs gether objectively, so to speak, by Christianity is to cast out her devils. the bonds of a highly organized There are some among us who fancy they order, to a new social crystallization have no devils to be exorcised of but they of self-directed, freely choosing in- are much mistaken. Even those who dividuals, is one of the most interest- pretend to be sinless and pure are none ing situations in racial psychology too good for Christianity. Buddhism has that can be conceived. taught us that when we think devils enter through our thoughts; when we Attitude Toward Christianity read, they enter through our mouth; when we pray, they enter through the Everywhere through Japanese life crown of the head; and thus evil spirits great changes are taking place. Among take advantage of everything we do, to these we rejoice most in the evidence get into us somehow; so that aU our deeds of the steady gain of Christianity and are more or less influenced by evil. But the altered attitude of the nation through Christianity come in the spirits toward it. Everybody notes the ease of good to defend the ego and prevent its with which Ch'ristianity can secure a defeat. hearing anywhere, in churches or "Christianity is the white corpuscle to

JAPAN'S LEADERSHIP IN ASIA

protect the soul's blood, and consequently is the only force capable of assisting us the whole man, from evil spiritual in- to overcome the counteracting gravita- fluences. It supplies the phagocytes be- tion of evil. Before its light and power fore which malign spirits flee. Without a the darkness and doubt of insistent religion of the right kind man is exposed pessimism disappear.

and hopelessly at odds with his environ- "If the world is to-day less pessimistic ment. Wil1 those among us, who fancy than it was, the improvement is largely they can do without religion, affirm that due to Christ. Two or three hundred we Japanese are as kind as we ought to years ago pessimism hung like a pall over be, or that we are as' thoughtful and the human spirit. The Buddhism of the serious as becomes a people with a great Kamakura period taught that this was destiny? The Buddhists of the Zen text the worst of all possible worlds, a place invite us to go to the central temple and of torment and affiiction, a veritable hell, learn to return to our true selves; but and that the only hope of happiness lay the true self in most of us is so marred beyond; the aim of life was to attain and maimed that it is hardly worth re- Buddhahood and reach Nirvana. The turning to. For most people the true spirit seems to have been world-wide, for sdf is completely gone-and only Christ Christianity, too, had to pass through the can restore it whole. same stage. Paradise was either in the "Some will say that I talk like a distant past or in the unseen future. But pleader, and that I so speak because I under the influence of Christianity the am a Christian. Well, I can hardly do human mind has so far developed and otherwise. I have been a Christian for brightened that men now look for para- twenty years, admittedly a very imper- dise on this earth, where nature is being fect one; but I owe so much to Christian- fast conquered and made to yield all the ity that I can hardly be expected to do delights that man can enjoy. It is only otherwise than plead for it. Vhen I say the irreligious that to-day have fear.

what this religion can do for a man, I They doubt whether nature is yet con- speak out of the seriousness and fulness quered.

of my own experience. "In Tokio the newspapers that tell "The Japan of to-day is absorbed by fortunes sell best. Multitudes are still abounding ambition; she is no longer con- away back in the age when nature was tent to remain an island empire; her man's master, and the earth a fearful career is to be continental and her future place to dwell in. But the spiritually en- world-wide. No such ambition can ever lightened know better. Christianity has be realized without the wise guidance taught them that heaven is' where Christ and firm faith which Christianity gives. is, and He is everywhere that man will No nation can make a universal appeal receive Him. I am convinced, therefore, without the inspiration of a universal re- that no nation can successfully enter in ligion. Those among us who imagine, world-wide hopes and ambitions without as is often asserted, that modern science the help of the Christian religion. This has eaten into the vitals of Christianity c0nviction has grown upon me more and like a canker, are greatly mistaken. more during the last twenty years, and Science has never undertaken to prove, I am extremely solicitous that my coun- nor can it prove, that Christ can not save. trymen should make no mistake about it; That man can not attain unto his best for no mistake could be more fatal either without religion is the teaching of all to the individual _or to the nation.. Both religions as well as of Christianity; but in my experience as a lawyer and as a the latter is the one power that has member of the Imperial Diet, I have been enabled men to come unto their best. It confirmed in my conviction ever more

and more. If I have been able to do more cently, arguing in behalf of a man for myself and my country than the who had committed murder and who, young men who went to school with me as the jailors recognized, had been and had the same chances in life, it has touched and changed by the influence been due to the help that Christianity has of the Gospel of Christ, boldly apgiven me. This religion has given me a pealed for the life of his client on spiritual courage that has carried me the ground that a new principle had triumphantly through many an adversity. come into his life, that he was no longer the old man who had com- "Our country is very successful at mitted the crime but had now been producing criminals and incorrigible made a new man, and he openly in youth. Why not now welcome an in- court explained to the judge the fluence that will make men? When I fundamental principle of Christianity consider all that my country has yet to and that process of redemption by do before coming to her own, I tremble which Jesus Christ, entering a man's to think of her undertaking it with her life, transforms his character and own strength. The defects of our edu- gives him a power of victory over cation and our social life are patent to sin that enables him to live by the all. We have to spend the greater part strength of God a new and pure life. of our early life obtaining an education, and then shortly after its completion we Thousands of men in Japanese retire from life's activity. Our system society who are not prepared themseems to be intended for those who ex- selves to test the Christian faith by pect to live to the age of about 125 years personal surrender and make· their and is therefore unsuitable to us, with own lives the gateway for the enthe possible exception of Count Okuma. trance of its power upon the life of Jesus Christ, in his short life of thirty- Japan are nevertheless quite candid three years, and with no university edu- in their declaration that it is this cation, did more for mankind than a power which Japan needs in the whole nation can do. Why? Simply strange days which have come upon because HiS' was the unconquerable her, wherein the old paths have faded spirit of the Divine, a spirit that every away and the old lights flickered out, man and every nation may have, if there and when the nation must find the be the will. highway of truth on which the Light of the WorId is shining. Heavy is "Nearly everything that is international the responsibility which those men and humane in modern life originated assume, whether in Japan or in Amerwith Christianity. Our hospitals, our ica, who talk of war or the possibility Red Cross societies, our international of war in an hour like this when the jurisprudence, our rescue work among whole mind and heart of the nation the poor and unfortunate, our education, need to be fixt upon the deep, spiritual and the general enlightenment of the problems of her own life and her world, all is but a combined reflection of great duty as the friend and helper the life of Jesus Christ. Through Him of her neighboring peoples. alone have we any hope of creating a paradise on earth, and making ourselves a people of permanence and great national destiny."

This is the same lawyer who re-

Gray In

BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT Auhor of "Mohammed or Christ," etc., etc.

N his book, "Thinking those in his Epistle to the Corinthians; "The things which the Gentiles sacrimI Black," Dan Crawford fice they sacrifice to demons and not has introduced us to to God, and I would not that ye should . the psychology of the have communion with demons." black man so as to give us a new angle of John was the Apostle of love and vision. The primitive mind seems, na- yet it was he who wrote in regard to turally, to think in black and white the Gospel message: "If anyone comrather than in gray. Perhaps our eth unto you and bringeth not this modern civilization has made us lose teaching, receive him not into your the power of sharp distinctions in the house and give him no greeting, for he world of thought. We are told that that giveth him greeting partaketh in one of the results of the war will be his evil works." Such intolerance is to teach men everywhere to think less impossible to those who think in terms superficially and more conclusively on of gray. moral questions. J ames does not hesitate to class the There is always a tendency to com- devils with those who deny the Deity promise in morals, and the same ten- of Christ (2 :19). And Jude speaks dency is evident in regard to the work of the false teachers in his day as of evangelization. God divided the "autumn trees without fruit, twice light from the darkness, not only in dead, plucked up by the roots . the world of nature but in the world wandering stars for whom the blackof grace. "This, then, is the mes- ness of darkness hath been reserved sage," says John, "which we have forever." heard of Him and declare unto you, that God is light and in Him is no More Positive Religion darkness at all. If we say we have fellowship with Him and walk in dark- Vhat we need to-day in missions is ness, we lie and do not the truth." less comparative religion and more The attitude of the apostles toward positive religion. It is possible to the non-Christian religions is not ex- dwell upon the tolerable things in prest in gray or twilight shades. Hinduism and the noble things in Is- There are no blurred edges to their lam even as one sifts out grains of convictions. "Sharp as a sickle is the gold from tons of earth, to the pracedge of shade and shine" in their tical exclusion of the social evils, the teachings. spiritual darkness and the spiritual death which dominate these systems. Straight Talk This was not the method of the Apostles. A recent writer in the In- What Paul thinks of idolatry is dian T¥itness put the fact in very forclear, not only from the first chapter cible language: "The wise general does of Romans, but from such words as not carefully search out the strong

spots in the fortress of his antagonist abandoning their traditions and the and then spend his time illuminating Koran in public and private discussion them with his searchlights. He finds and are appealing to the Scriptures. the weak spots and dwells on them Their appeal is often based on the inwith his heavy artillery. Let some of terpretation of those who think in our sages who are scholastic rather gray. A recent paragraph on the subthan practical prepare a list of the ject of Christ's Deity that appeared in things vitally antagonistic to Christian an Indian Moslem magazine, copied truth, then the men who are practical the arguments of modern Unitarians. rather than scholastic will be able to avoid scattering an ineffective effort An Arabic book published at Beirut and to concentrate on those things the three years ago is entitled "Heathen destruction of which by their fall will Doctrines in the Christian Religion." cause the fall of false faiths." It is by a Moslem who fancies that he has proved Christianity false by ap- To us who work among Moslems pealing to European critics of the detheir denial of Jesus Christ's mission, structive school. In Cairo the Moslem His Incarnation, His Atonement, His press quotes Unitarian interpretation Deity, are the very issues of the con- of New Testament doctrine as proof Bict. Almost spontaneously, there- against the New Testament Christ. fore, what might have been mere theo- The Christian who has no convictions logical dogma in the mind of the mis- in regard to the great fundamentals of sionary turns into a deep spiritual con- Christianity is easily led to treat Isviction, a logical necessity and a great lam as a sister religion and all Mospassion. Face to face with those who lems as seekers after God in their own deny our Savior and practically defy way. If there is no real distinction Mohammed, one is compelled to think between creation and evolution, if in black and white. The challenge of there was no miracle at Bethlehem the Muezzin is a cry of pain; it hurts. and only a martyrdom on Calvary, we In the silence of the night one can not may patiently await the future develhelp thinking that it pleased the Father opment of Islam on the right lines. that in J eSllS Christ should all fulness In that case the missionary is no dwell, not in Mohammed. Face to longer a proclaimer of the truth but face with Islam one can not help ask- a seeker after truth. He is no longer ing what will be the final outcome of an architect and builder but a geolo- Christian Unitarianism. In the history gist looking for fossil specimens in old of Islam its monotheism has always strata to complete his collection of degenerated into some form of panthe- things once alive but now dead. ism or deism. "The great obstacle," writes an ex- When Moslems assert that the Gos- perienced misionary from India, "in pel is corrupted and untrustworthy, the way of the success of the Gospel the missionary can find no help in de- in non-Christian lands is not the atstructive criticism. One wonder~ titude of the people or the inherent whether the great conflict between Is- difficulties of the work but the tenlam and Christianity will not have to dency on the part of missionaries to be fought out between the covers of be judges instead of advocates, with a the Bible. They themselves are desire to hold the balances of truth

SELF-EXILED IN

rather than wield its sword." There different explanations; that the healcan be no neutrality in a war for the ing of the sick was faith-healing, the Kingdom which has no frontiers. stilling of the storm, coincidence, the feeding of the five thousand a mis- The effect of thinking in gray is in- represented sacrament, the withering evitable on the messenger as welI as of the fig tree a misrepresented paraon his message. Twilight life is not ble, the raising of Lazarus a case of conducive to spiritual health. Ve premature burial, and so on." need the full blaze of the light of the glory of God in the face of Jesus A mutilated Gospel can only mean Christ. His authority must be su·· a mutilated spiritual life. When we preme in the intellectual sphere. His walk in the light we do not mix colors. belief of the Old Testament scriptures There is a noble intolerance in the and His statement that "they can not very words used so often by the be broken" leaves only one alternative; Apostle John: light-darkness, truth if we reject them, we reject Him also. -lie, life-death, God-devil. The It is not hard to accept the miracles of effect of thinking in gray always leads the Old and New Testament if we to compromise, and where there is accept- the miracle in the first chapter compromise there is indecision. Men of Genesis and the greater miracle in have opinions instead of convictions; the first chapter of John's Gospel. As they join Erasmus in his study rather R. L. Knox says in his brilliant book than Luther nailing his theses to the Some Loose Stones: door of the cathedral. But Luther would have made a better foreign "Orthodox theology explains all the missionary than Erasmus, especially in miracles recorded of our Savior under these days when so many in the one single hypothesis that He was Christian and non-Christian world are omnipotent God. But the enemy of thinking in gray. miracle is forced to give a variety of Self-Exiled In America SOMETHING ABOUT THE HINDUS IN CALIFORNIA BY MISS LEE M'CRAE, CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA ~I T was rather startling seemed strangely out of place in the to have five black- new world. bearded Hindus on bi- cycles speed past the Between twenty and thirty of them door of our home ill live on the outskirts of the town, and the little inland. college about twice that number live in the town in the lower left-hand corner Los Angeles Hindu colony, and as of the United States. Their old- many more in and around Sacraworld, white, black, pink and yellow mento. tt1rbans flashing in the California sun Big, black "birds of passage" are they! No more may come to the

United States from India under the and an iron disc of peculiar signifi- present laws. These have come solely cance, which is stuck into their coil of for the two dollars a day that they hair.

can earn instead of the sixteen cents N egative-"N0 smoking; do not a day in India. As soon as each has murder; avoid bald-headed men; accumulated his fortune of a thou- avoid the circumcised; have nothing sand dollars he will return to his wife to do with idols"-except the sacred and children, to live at ease for the Granth, which is decorated and WOf- rest of his days. Only one of those shiped.

located in our town claims to be a When asked about their faith they Christian. One has his wife with reply that they believe "whateyer is him, and he alone can speak English recorded in the Granth"-their Bible, with any accuracy. Therefore, they written by Govind, the tenth guru Of must dwell in colonies or wage-earn- leader. As the "Granth" is written ing groups. Two have leased a tract in old Hindi, one who does not un- of land here and are making good derstand it is as much at sea as ever.

progress in cultivating the soil. They do not wish to give information.

These people show their fear of The positive commands are evi- Christian influence by their suspicion dently designed to keep them a pecu- and protests against every kindness liar people. Their hair, never cut, from Americans. This· often amounts often reaches the knee in length and to base ingratitude. Christians have makes a heavy coil about which to repeatedly offered them schooling, but wrap the distinctive cloth. Yellow they have no wish to learn English and white are the religious colors and -save enough words to do business are most commonly worn, but black -and will have none of the English or any color is admissible. An Ameri- Bible. can hat signifies a total rejection of In spite of this, a meeting is held the Sikh religion.

for them every Sunday afternoon in Every Sikh is also bitterly opposed the Congregational Church, where to the use of tobacco in any form, tho Dr. A. B. Caldwell, a returned mis- they are about equally divided on the sionary from India, preaches in their liquor question.

own tongue to those who will come As wage-earners in orchards, gar- and listen. Sometimes he has an au- dens and houses the Sikhs seem to dience of five, occasionally eight, and give entire satisfaction here, being at other times none at all. Many industrious, skilful, not dissipated, come for advice and help in letter- and, necessarily, quiet.

writing, legal matters, and the like, It seems strange to walk the streets so that the Doctor makes the most of of America and to meet these stran- his opportunity and has acquired gers eye to eye and realize that a gre:l~ some influence over them. curtain of superstition has shrouded The Hindu Sikhs hold tenaciously their needy, lonely lives from Gospel to five positive and five negative sunlight. They move among us with tenets: eyes and ears and tongues and hearts, Positive-Adherence to long hair, yet they neither see nor speak nor a bangle, a comb, short pantaloons, hear nor feel the joy of it all.

for Speakers and

GLEANINGS FROM THE LAYMEN'S CONGRESS AT WASHINGTON Make the demands of the Gospel How One Pastor Does It difficult and you make Christianity triumphant.-fohn R. M ott. I. Preaches missions persistently. 2. Enlists key men and keeps them *** alive. 3. Undertakes large things chal- Why should not men go into the lenging the support of men. business of Christ and the Church 4. Secures good live missionaries as with the same interest in spiritual speakers. profits as they go into the lumber or 5. Forms mission study classes. banking or other business. -George 6. Prays persistently and intelli- Inness. gently. 7. Prints letters from mission- *** aries in the bulletin. 8. Keeps at work continuously. Has not the church of Christ as compelling an appeal as that which Chas. A. Rowland. calls millions of men to the colors in Europe-(1) a great cause; (2) a *** compelling appeal; (3) an example of sacrifice; (4) an unquenchable faith A Ten Point Standard in the justice of that for which they are contending.-N. W. Rowell. The Northern Baptists have adopted a ten point missionary stand- *** ard for local churches : A man may live one of three types 1. A church missionary committee. of life. (1) an evil, selfish life; (2) 2. Presentation of missions from a Christian life for normal times; or the pUlpit. (3) a Christian life for times of 3. Mission study classes organized. emergency. Christ lived the third 4. Missionary prayer meeting for kind of a life.-S. D. Gordon. the Church. S. Missionary literature distributed. *** 6. Women's missionary organiza- tion. The trouble with much of our missionary work is that we are relying 7. Missionary education in the Suntoo much on money and men, on the forces of the world and the wisdom day-school. of the world and do not rely enough 8. Intelligent prayer for missions. on God.-Robert E. Speer. 9. Local missionary service. TO. The every member canvas. *** fohn M. Moore.

We need to establish chairs of *** Christianity in our colleges and we need a medical college in which no The Southern Presbyterian Church professor will be allowed to teach who publishes a roll of honor of churches is not a Christian and fitted to train giving as much for others as they medical missionaries.-f. Campbell spend on themselves-Chas. A. Row- White. land.

an American Saw In Asia*

BY WILLARD PRICE Managing Editor of the World Oullook.

I saw a million handkerchiefless children. I saw hundreds of villages in which the community handkerchief, modern sanitation, was absolutely unknown. I saw glittering Oriental cities, the pride of the East, and under the shining lacquer and gold paint I saw suffering and filth and want such as no man can describe. I saw rotting bodies, empty minds, naked souls. I saw Disease, stalking up alleys, wading ankle-deep through garbage to enter the doors of the people. I saw, in one land, the stains of parental vice on the skin of two out of five of the children. I saw a mother selling her babies that their older brothers might not die of starvation. I saw pallid factory girls of twelve and even ten years of age, who worked thirteen hours a day, seven days a week, standing constantly while at work, and received a pittance of a third of a cent per hour. This, moreover, in a mill advertised a's the "model factory of the Orient!" I saw things which I have not the heart to set down and you would not have the heart to read. I saw life in its lowest terms.

AND YET- I saw love in its highest terms. I saw Christ yearning over Asia. I saw the response of Korea to that yearning. A nation turning to Christianity at the rate of three thousand conversions a week! I saw the dawning of a new China, not in the political kaleidoscope, but in the spiritual changes which have led to the abolishment of opium, have brought six thousand of China's strongest leaders to accept Christ, and induced idol-makers to turn to the making of busts for show windows because their old business has proved unprofitable. I saw a three-hundred-year-old statue of Buddha, and almost in its lap an impertinent three-year-old automatic telephone booth. The ancient religions . of the East are being found wanting and cast aside. I saw the mission schools from which the Chinese Government has selected the first ten girls to be sent to American colleges under the Boxer Indemnity Fund. They were the best-equipped ten that could be found in China. All were graduates of mission schools; all were Christians. I saw hundreds of closed shops on Sunday. Neighboring them I saw hundreds' of open shops, consuming all the Sunday business. Every closed store was owned by a Christian-not a "rice Christian," but a real Christian, whose pocket had no rule over his conscience. I saw a beaten man board our ship at Wuhu and heard him teII of the crushing overburden of medical work that had kilIed his predecessor and was killing him. I saw everywhere undermanned hospitals, undermanned schools, under- manned churches; a missionary force powerful in quality, petty in quantity. I saw Asia, sore, ragged and dulI, with her foot on the threshold of the house of Christ, hoping for an invitation to enter. I saw, upon returning to America, a rich and happy nation, eager and generous to a fault, but unthinking, storming the movie theater, swallowing the lump in their throat for pity of the ragged child in the play–while Asia waits .

• Adapted and abridged from the World Outlook for JU11e

Movements

– Students in China * BY W. E. TAYLOR, PH.D. National Secretary, Young Men's Christian Association HE year 1914 marked a to the Christian cause. The provincemT step forward in the ex- tension of the evangelis- wide effort showed conclusively that a tic student movement province could be reached as effectively from the large cities out as a city, provided the Christian forceS' unite and plan wisely. In Foochow as a . • through the smaller citieS' result of the meetings a permanent for- of a province. The new development was ward evangelistic movement committee limited to the one province of Fukien in has been appointed to represent the united order to make the work typical and thor- missions and Chinese churches in aggres- ough. Fukien was chosen, with its dense sive evangelistic effort to reach and hold population of thirty million, because of the student classes. A three-year pro- its proportionately large Christian popu- gram has been adopted, covering the lation, its preparedness in city experience three lines of evangelism, cultivation of .in its· capital of Foochow, its strong atti- Christian friendship, and social service.

tude of united effort-the three missions Secretaries have been appointed by each of the province working together in full- mission who have released their best men est harmony, and its farsighted and gen- to give their whole time to the study and erouS' provision of local and provincial direction of this work. The movement supervision. All of these were consid- thuS' gives promise of becoming continu- ered to be conditions essential to the se- ous and permanent.

curing of large and permanent results. A The first results of the meetings con- notable and encouraging feature of the ducted through China in 1914 have been provincial movement was the fact that gratifying to a very high degree.. They the four student evangelistic leaders give promise of large and permanent chosen to lead the meetings in the ten fruitage, provided the early efforts are secondary cItIes of the province were not allowed to be dissipated. Over 20,000 Chinese, men of recognized outstanding students from non-Christian schools and personality and Christian leadership. colleges exprest their willingness to These included Mr. C. T. Wang, former become "investigators" of Christianity.

vice-president of the first Republican Twelve thousand have been enrolled in Senate, now general secretary of the Bible classes. Those who signed cards Young Men's Christian Association were not "inquirers" in the ordinary ac- movement in China; Pastor Ding Li-mei, cepted sense of the word, since the hear- the founder and leader of the Student ers had had little or no previous exposure Volunteer movement in China, and to Christian truth. They exprest their others. These men, well and favorably willingness "to investigate Christianity known to students throughout China, with open mind and honest heart." The presented a powerful message in a way sincerity of their promise is shown by in which no foreigner could. The finding, the fact that a large proportion ultimately using and training of strong Chinese joined the Bible classes. Provision was evangelists is one of the great contribu- made for more advanced decision after tions which the new movement is making members of classes had been under in- * From The Student World.

struction for an extended period of from year in this one city 530 of the members three to six months, in order to give the of classes have exprest their decision to more serious-minded an opportunity to become Christians and their desire to decide to begin to follow Jesus Christ. attend the churches. These men are lit- Where the classes were efficiently and erally standing at the church doors. The faithfully conducted the results have been first and later results of the meetings sllrprizingly large. In the city of Hang- have clearly shown that the student field chow over five hundred students were en- of China is ripe for harvest. The unrolled in Bible classes following the limited opportunities offered by the open meetings. At the end of six months a and responsive attitude of the more seridecision meeting was held, led by Mr. ous-minded of the student classes is offset C. T. Wang. One hundred sixty-one by the admitted unpreparedness of many students exprest their purpose to begin of the churches. The serious and pressthe Christian life. One hundred twenty- ing problem now facing the movement is three of these came from thirteen non- not so much how to reach the non-Chris- Christian government schools and col- tian student classes. The important and leges and ten others who made the Chris- critical question is how can the churches tian decision were teachers in the govern- be got ready so as to hold and teach and ment institutions. Encouraged by the train and use these new, large, potential forces for good and leadership now response and results of the decision within her reach. The movement has meeting, a Christianity Discussion Club revealed that, along with extensive outwas formed by leading Chinese, including reach, there must be coordinated the inthe Commissioner of Foreign Affairs tensive preparation of the churches and from the Governor's yamen. He had the training of the Christian forces. made Christian decision at the meetings conducted by Mr. Eddy. The club was In spite of the revealed unpreparedness organized with a view to reaching offi- and weakness of the churches, distinct cials' and principals and teachers of non- progress has been made in some centers Christian schools. This club meets, about in placing the first responsibility for the forty in number, twice a month for an care of the student inquirers upon the hour of Bible study and discussion. It is churches, where it properly belongs, noteworthy that this influential group of rather than upon the committee formed non-Christian seekers after the truth to originate the movement. In the earlier have invited Professor Zia Hung-Iai, the years of the movement the Bible classes well-known Christian writer and transla- for signers of cards were held mostly tor, to lead the discussions of the club, outside the churches. This was done and have constituted the local pastors as partly because of possible lack of underhonorary members. standing and prejudice of the non-Chris- tian students and partly because pastors The ability to hold and conserve the and laymen were inexperienced and emearly results of the meetings is evidenced barrassed in Christian work with the new by the experience of the Christian committee in Foochow in their remarkable student classes. In the last series of success and progress in enrolling students meetings the policy was accepted of havin Bible classes and later leading them ing the signers of cards join c1ass'es imon to Christian decision. In the meetings mediately after the meetings within the held in Foochow in 1913 20 per cent. various churches. In some cases indiof those who signed cards at the evan- vidual churches failed in their responsigelistic meetings were enrolled in Bible bilities. The aggregate gain, however, classes. After the meetings of 1914 60 in getting the non-Christian students imper cent. were enrolled. During the past mediately into touch with the churches

EVANGELISTIC MOVEMENTS AMONG STUDENTS IN CHINA

and the acceptance by the pastors of re- are especially so at this time in China sponsibility for their care has marked a to influences which come to them with distinct advance. the weight and authority of Western scholarship, either real or fancied, be- Some of the direct and most immediate cause the "old learning" of China has results of the meetings and the movement been so seriously discredited. have already been indicated. The im- portance of these should not be disre- There is a notable lack of opposition garded or underestimated. It is nothing to Christianity among students in China less than marvelous that to-day, after a at the present time. Confucianism is still decade of special effort, hundreds of gov- asleep. Buddhism has little hold on the ernment students in China are baptized, educated classes. Taoism is still more with many more literally standing at the disorganized. This leaves the field for doors of the Church, and thousands are the moment practically free from all opgrouped together in Bible classes open posing elements such as are able to offer to Christian influence, where it is given any organized resistance to Christianity. in the spirit of genuine friendship and But Confucianism, Buddhism, and even helpfulness. This actual and visible Taoism, are not likely to remain permaachievement of reaching the hitherto un- nently inactive. There are already signs reached classes, the traditional Gibraltar of their being galvanized into action by of the Far East, is' nothing less than one contact with the vigorous forces which of the greatest of modern miracles. now confront them. It is not unlikely that the government, from national and There are indirect results as well which patriotic motives, will espouse one or are vast and far-reaching. The success more of these weaker religions, possiof the movement must not be judged only bly through the government educational by the number of men gathered into the system, which now offers its unhindered Church. There are other results, not at approach to Christianity. It is not imfirst visible or tangible, which are, never- probable that a decade from now it will theless, real and significant. One of the by a restrictive system of requirement chief of these is the fact that the move- exclude the Christian religion if possible ment has created a new atmosphere, and from all influence over students in govopened a new field of thought among ernment schools. It will thus follow the the educated non-Christian classes. The early example of Japan's policy toward Christian addresses of the student leaders missionary education in Korea, explainboth in China and from abroad have pre- ing pointedly their determination to carry sented the Christian truths in a striking out their plans as to education withway and have appealed to the student out foreign interference or ass'istance. mind and conscience. They have demonstrated once more the power of the Gos- The Chinese student stands to-day in pel to draw men to Christ. The move- a perilous moral condition. The weakment has promoted a more careful study ening of the old-time methods of reof the Chinese student mind and environ- straint, together with the grasping after ment. It has become increasingly clear a lot of unassimilated and misunderstood that knowledge of these conditions is es- Western ideas, and the attempt to put sential to effective effort directed to influ- some of these into practise, is exposing encing permanently the thought and life the young men, and student classes espeof these classes. Foremost among the cially, to new and great perils. The closcharacteristics of the Chinese student is ing of schools on Sunday, following the the evident impressionability of the pres- Wesrern practise without the correspondent generation. Impressionable as are ing motive or objective, tends to leave students of all countries generally, they idle a large body of students, so that

their fall into sin becomes more easy. classes, who have been imprest with the The closer study and better understand- splendid spectacle of a united and uning of the Chinese student mind and en- broken Christian movement. This unity vironment has its obvious and important has not been nominal or mechanical; it lessons to the leaders of the Christian has been vital. movement designed to reach and hold these classes. The feeling of doubt about Bible study has been found to be the their own religious position has brought most fruitful center of evang~listic effort, about an open-mindedness on the subject and the most fruitful source in leading of Christianity that forces Christian lead- men to ultimate Christian decision. The ers, both in China and at home, to take ordinary Bible classes with regular immediate steps to grasp adequately what courses have not been found sufficient may be a passing opportunity. The fact for this purpose. Bible study with a that Chinese educationalists are already definite evangelistic objective has been forging ahead in the establishment of promoted. Special courses of study have schools and the publication of text-books been selected and prepared. Bible trainin which religion is left out challenges ing schools have been held in various Christian leaders to take immediate steps sections of the country. Individual Bible to offset the lack 0 f moral training that schools in a city have been coordinated will necessarily result. There is a real to form a city-wide Bible study moveand urgent demand for specialists to come ment. The secret of the rapid growth to China to assist directly and indirectly and assimilation by the churches of the in the formation of new moral ideals and new movement is due largely to the emreligious aspirations among Chinese stu- phasis which has been placed on the dents. Innumerable opportunities now study of the Bible. offer themselves to groups of young students in government schools waiting for Prayer is revealing a new meaning to the friendship and counsel of a true many and is another sign of far-reachfriend who will help them in the solution ing significance. Success or failure will of their moral and religious problems. depend finally on whether the Church is a praying Church. intercession has been The movement has shown the feasibil- found indispensable and powerful in acity, the practicability and the necessity complishing results that were humanly of genuine Christian unity in evangelis- speaking impossible. Through prayer tic work in a new country which will combined with hard work miracles have be wide enough to include all classes. been periormeJ in China. The work There has been in China in the progress accomplished in the larger cities during of the evangelistic movement to reach the past decade has given birth to other students a distinct development of the movements in many ways and in various cooperative spirit. There has been a places. "Pu-tao" (the Chinese word for closer working relationship between ec- evangelism) is the topic of the time clesiastical families. There has been a among all classes. China is ready. The drawing together of Chinese and foreign Church in China is awakened, aroused workers. Pastors and laity have united to her opportunity, unprepared but willwith a common purpose. A real and ing to go forward. Missions are sympadeepening Christian unity has found ex- thetic but handicapped by the lack of pression in facing a common problem of suitable evangelistic workers. The situaextraordinary magnitude. This new tion in China should constitute a call to sense of unity has been an inspiration student volunteers and other candidates to the Church. It has also had apologetic who are ready to respond to the great, value affecting the non-Christian student open opportunity to reach the coming leaders of a mighty people.

DEDADTMENT

OF '

BEST METHODS ' ,CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK BEST METHODS FROM MANY MISSIONARY WORKERS HE number of Christian A Mid-summer Missionary Pilgrimage fTl workers in the home- In a letter to auxiliaries sent ant in land who give time aud April, 1915, Miss Julia C. Emery. sec- retary of the Woman's Auxiliary to the strength and money to Board of Missions of the Protestant _ the cause of missions is . constantly on the in- Episcopal Church, asked that wherever crease. These workers are not con- possible missionary garden parties be fined to anyone country nor to anyone held at summer resorts. In response to denomination and are found in the small this, the Woman's Auxiliary of the Dio- rural congregations no less' than in the cese of North Carolina held an out-of- great city churches, Their number is doors meeting in August which, tho not legion and they are doing everything that a garden party, was so profitable and so consecrated ingenuity can suggest to ad- enjoyable that it might well serve as a vance the cause of Christ. model for similar gatherings in other A vision of this great multitude of parts of the country. At our request workers with their hands on the ropes Miss Claudia IN. Hunter of Henderson, (to borrow Carey's metaphor) is the North Carolina, has sent us an account best possible antidote for discouragement. of it.

Working away in our own small corners, "Last summer, when Miss Emery asked often against almost insurmountable ob- each diocese to arrange for garden par- stacles in the way of ignorance, indiffer- ties at summer resorts, we in the Diocese ence, and opposition, we are apt to forget of North Carolina wondered what we that ours is but one small division of the could do, as we have neither seacoast whole vast army working for God, What nor mountains," she says. "However, the knowledge of the 7,000 who had not we held two very successful out-of-door bowed the knee to Baal was to Elijah at meetings, one of ~ch was at ViIliams- Carmel, a vision of these great hosts boro, the first 'See City' in the state, but should be to us. now an almost deserted village. St.

Through the large number of mission- John's, the oldest church building in the ary magazines and letters from mission- diocese, is here, and the old house where ary workers that come to our desk we the first Bishop of North Carolina re- get inspiring glimpses of these hosts sided. So it was really a pilgrimage to at work for missions. In April we an historic place.

shared with our readers some of the best "Over one hundred and fifty men, things in the magazines. This month we women and children came, enjoyed a de- give some of the tried and tested meth- licious and bountiful picnic dinner, met ods that have come in letters. old and ncw fricnds, and disctlst the

great missionary enterprise. Eight of agreed to make it an annual occasion, and the nine Branches within a radius of people from all over this part of the fifty miles were represented, and people state who have some association with the came in buggies, carriages and automo- old church and village have exprest a biles from four counties and over the desire to be present." Virginia line. Playing at Missions "At eleven o'clock the company assem- bled in the old church and the Rev. Lewis Playing at missions-not in the way N. Taylor of Stovall and Townesville, condemned by Doctor Duff-is a fine held a short devotional service with spe- method of work with children. It is cial prayer that the members of the built on solid pedagogical principles and Woman's Auxiliary, being taught to pray, has often produced good results. After might pray prevailingly for the coming Pliny Fisk went as a missionary to the of the Kingdom; that in the Branches Holy Land, his little niece Fidelia began represented, young men and women to play that she, too, was a missionary might listen to the call to the mission passing through experiences similar to field; and that not one cent of the $400,- those described in his letters. This un- 000 emergency fund might be lacking in doubtedly helped to confirm the impulse the Lord's storehouse when the end of planted in her heart by his going, and to the month should come. Four brief ad- make her the great missionary she be- dresses on missionary topics followed, came in after years. and at twelve o'clock Mrs. T. W. Bickett, of Louisburg, led the noonday prayer. Not long ago we had the privilege of reading a quaint little letter written to "At one o'clock dinner was served out- the secretary of a woman's board by a of-doors. After this, all walked through shut-in, "seventy or 5'0 years young," who the village, past the old home of the first has been unable to walk for the past Bishop and on to a mighty oak by the eight years. Believing that it will help wayside, where a simple missionary play many mothers, we have secured the per- –'St. Luke's Hospital, Tokyo'-written mission of the writer to print it on condi- for the occasion, was presented by a tion that we do not reveal her identity. group of Juniors. It was most pictur- esque and realistic with 'Doctor Rudolph "You ask what I know about mission- Teusler' (a splendid six-foot, sixteen- ary garden parties," the letter says. tel year-old boy) in regular surgeon's uni- don't know anything about the modern form; 'Anaki San' in regulation nurse's kind. I used to have them years ago, just garb, and Bible women and patients in to get the children and young girls to- gay-colored Japanese kimonas. At the gether on our beautiful 'Shorelands' (we close there was a strong appeal to the had forty acres) and because we could Juniors of North Carolina to raise funds be more comfortable than in a house. for the Children's Ward at St. Luke's. "I really believe those parties of mine "At three o'clock the Rev. L. N. Taylor were the magnet that draw 'Our Girls' again led the prayers in the church, read- and my 'Little Missionaries.' It was a ing most impressively from the Chancel queer idea, I suppose, but different parts Bishop Lloyd's 'Ideal' for the Woman's of the grounds were supposed to be dif- Auxiliary and dismissing the company ferent countries, which we visited and with the blessing Bishop Lloyd used at helped according to our ability. In ,the close of the triennial me~ting, 'God Africa we were without food, excepting bless you; God keep you; God use you!' as we found things that looked inviting. My good old Ellen would hide tempting "The day had been so profitable and slices of bread and butter in the trees, so pleasant that it was unanimously and we discovered bread fruit and were

DEPARfMENT OF BEST METHODS

kept from starving. A creek ran through the house and cut out s'ufficient work for the grounds and a good missionary us to begin on. I had thought we might landed on our shores and taught us. I meet once a month, but no-once a week really think my boys and girls learned a was what they wanted. good deal in this rural way. "Names were suggested, such as Busy "I wonder if I could have held them Bees, Helping Hand, etc., but I said together in as loving a way if I had man- let's call our little society simply 'Our aged with red tape. I doubt it. One of Girls.' The day before I left that old my girls (now a grandmother) says I home on a Thursday in June, we celetaught her all she knew about the brated our twentieth anniversary and Church. And one of my boys, who now had never omitted a meeting except occupies a prominent position, wrote me Christmas week in all those years. We a little time ago that he could never for- had organized on June 26, 1880, and get all I had taught him. I am telling on the 26th of last June, our thirty-fifth you thiS', dear friend, because I am sure anniversary, 'Our Girls' sent me $35 for my homely way did bring results, and the room that bears my name in a famous now I am so crippled, I am glad that I missionary hospital in the Orient. Do have not lived in vain. I am not writing you wonder that I love them? in a boasting way. It seems to me that if I had health and strength and those "One day, when we had been at work forty acres of beautiful woodland, I some time, one of them said to me, might be able to have real missionary 'Mrs. –, why didn't you begin with garden parties. I only wish I could have us long ago?' This led me to see what I done more, but that time is all past." could do with the younger children. So the following Sunday I asked the little The boys and girls thus trained did ones in my infant class how many would more than play at missions-they worked meet me on Saturday morning and help hard, too. In response to our request for me dress dolls for a Christmas tree? more information we have received the Every hand went up. Of course, I did following letter, which can hardly fail not place much weight upon such a promto be an inspiration to workers with chil- ise, and I thought as I already had 'Our dren. The opportunity for primary Girls' I would calI these younger ones teachers herein revealed is so great that 'Little Women.' On Saturday morning we wish it might be calkd to the atten- there were 93 children to meet me, 46 tion of many: of them boys! This stopt the name I had chosen, so they became my 'Little "For years I had a fine Sunday-school Missionaries.' Those two societies really class (the infants) and taught them as were the beginning of our Junior Auxil- I pleased. One day as I came from iary. My, how I did love them, and how church I met two girls who had been in I do love them! my infant class, but had gone to another church. I questioned them and found "Before the end of the second year they had gone there because there was my Little Missionaries had sent out six nothing for them to do in our church. boxes and were at work on supplies for This made me think, and on Thursday of a missionary hospital-boys as well as that same week I gathered ten girls at my girls hemming sheets and sewing up the home and interested them in missions. seams of pillow cases. I remember that I I had once met a worker from the South offered a prize of a silver thimble to the and remembered how she was struggling best sewer, and a boy won it! It was to support and care for a colored hospi- given to his mother and proved to be tal in her home town. I had some cotton the only silver thimble she had ever flannel and some unbleached muslin in owned. That boy is now a B.A., and

a professor of mathematics in a school. beside a river known to the salmon. 'The "I never lost my boys. I had a junior White Man of Uganda' went with her, and when the cook was wanting some- St. Andrew's Brotherhood, and from that thing to read this was given him. 'He they went into the real Brotherhood." was a brave man,' was' his quiet remark when he handed it back. Providing for Sunday "This sister took her missionary spirit Providing Sunday occupation for the with her. Finding neither Sunday- school nor Sunday service of any children when packing one's trunk for a kind in the nearby settlement, she 'did her bit.' The three ladies in camp, a summer outing is a method of the very Methodist, a Presbyterian, and a Church of England, called on the most possible best sort. Some suggestions along this leader (formerly a Baptist) and secured her promise to be superintendent. The line have come to us in a letter from next Sunday a small Sunday-school was organized in the station house. This Miss Minnie M. Bell, of Halifax, Nova grew into a school of about thirty before camp broke, and this season when the Scotia, secretary of the supply commit- salmon run we shall hear whether it is still in existence. In the meantime books tee of the Nova Scotia and Newfound- and papers have been sent by those interested." land Branch of the Women's Missionary A Missionary Demonstration Day Society of the Canadian Methodist A year or so ago a Missionary Demon- Church. stration Day was held in Zion Lutheran Church, Williamsport, Maryland, which "The game, 'Who's Who in Missions' enlisted all the missionary organizations of the church, seven in number, the obalways goes in my trunk when we are ject being not only to present the work of the organizations', but to arouse interoff for a holiday," says Miss Bell. "For est among the country members of the congregation. The program was in two several years my sister and I spent our sections-one for the afternoon, the other for the evening, with a box lunch summer outings with a friend-the and social in between. We are indebted to Mrs. D. U. Bair, who was largely mother of two children-and during instrumental'in planning the demonstra- tion, for an account of it. those years these children developed The class rooms of the Sunday-school into young manhood and womanhood. room were used as booths by the various organizations, their circular arrangement As our party was congenial, we always making them especially adapted to this purpose. In the center of each booth tried to find some out-of-the-way spot, there was a table with literature for' free distribution, and on the walls were motaway from the beaten track. toes and banners with statistics strikingly portrayed. Over the entrance to each "From the first we endeavored to there was a placard with the name of the make the Sabbath days as interesting as possible and tried to keep the Fourth Commandment. So we were always on the outlook for Sunday games. The first year we had 'Who's Who'-1912; we played it by distributing the cards, and after reading what was underneath we would cover the printed matter and hold the picture up. The one who guessed correctly secured the card.

"In the winter of 1912-13 the game went with us on a trip to the West Indies. In Bermuda we boarded in a house where there was a large family.

On leaving, we gave our game to the daughter and hope that through it some seeds were sown in the many Dannies of the house. .

"Another sister of mine went last sum- mer to the unbeaten paths of New Bruns- wick, where her husband has a camp

16] DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

organization and the date of its origin. The women were followed by workers These were as' follows: from each organization in turn bearing Woman's Home and Foreign Mission- placardS' with statistics, which they hung ary Society-1875. in their respective hooths. These statis- tics, so strikingly displayed, made a deep Young People's Missionary Society- impression. They were very instructive; 1881. and so arranged as to make a distinct personal appeal. The Cradle Roll pla- Mission Band-1891. card, carried by a mere baby, read: Cradle Roll-1897. Home Department-1903. Helpers' Circle-1905. Mission Study Club-1907.

The program opened with "From WE WILL HELP SOME Greenland's Icy Mountains," played on DAY the organ, while an unseen person recited the hymn with fine effect. Then 3,836 Cradle Roll Babies came a processional of workers, who General Synod, took their places in the different booths, Lutheran Church the organ meanwhile continuing the The program proper began in the hymn. The processional was led by a woman's booth by the president, who set boy bearing this placard, which he hung forth the object of Demonstration Day. in the woman's booth: Then there was a bright little dialog, HELP "How the Women's Home and Foreign Missionary Society Won the Young La- the 144,000,000 Women of dies," by the Young People's Society; an India effective little play, "Tired of Missions,"

After this came women at intervals by the Mission Band; and a chapter from bearing the following placards, which a book showing how babies in all lands were als'O hung in the woman's booth: were drest and bathed and cared for, by the Cradle Roll.

WE ARE HELPING During the supper hour which fol- 724 Woman's Societies lowed, the ladies, by previous appoint- ment, kept the conversation largely on in the the subject of missions. The placards General Synod placed in the lunch room by the Home Department helped greatly in this.

WE ARE HELPING In the evening there was a stereopticon 24,944 Members lecture on the work of the summer in the schools and assemblies, given by the General Synod Helpers' Circle through their leader, and a very effective missionary service, enti- WE ARE HELPING tled, "A Vision," with music, tableaux 24 Women and readings, presented by the Mission in Study Club.

Zion Lutheran Church Owing to the weather, the attendance was far below what had been hoped for.

"It was cold and snowed and rained by 131 WOMEN turns," says Mrs. BaiL "There was in Zion Lutheran Church slush underfoot, as well as overhead, ARE NOT HELPING and people from the country could not . come in. But some noble purposes were Are you IN or OUT? born that day. For instance-three

grammar school girls have repeatedly de- N. Y., sent us by Miss Margaret Wright, clared that they will be missionaries shows some unusual and highly comsome day either to Africa or India. And mendable features. The calendar itself a few new members entered the work- is a novelty. Attractively printed on but only a few where we had hoped and heavy white cardboard, measuring 9 by planned for many. 14 inches and provided with a scarlet ribbon hanger, it contains more informa- Can You Answer? tion than the average year book of many pages. For the past two years, during the autumn, the Schenectady County Sun- The society has a membership of more day-School Association has held a than one hundred women and meets in very successful Training School for the evenings at the different homes. One Sunday-School workers in the En- of the unusual features is the division gineering Building, Union College. into active and associate members, lists Last year there were seven courses, of whom, divided into groups for each taught by some of the best educators in month, are printed on the year card. Schenectady, among them two college La~t year there were 70 actives and 34 professors, an ex-college president and associates. At our request, Miss Wright the superintendent of the Teachers' has kindly given the following explana- Training School connected with the pub- nation of this feature: lic schools. At the close an examination was given in each course to those who "The active members," she says, "are took it. those who are willing to take part on the missionary program for our monthly The course in methods of missionary meetings, give talks, write papers, or work was based on the book, "Holding give the chairmen any needed help in the Ropes," and was taught by Professor the development of their plans for pre- Warren C. Taylor. The questions sub- senting mission study at the meetings. mitted to the class were as follows. It might be interesting to try them, first to "The associate members are those who test yourself, then your society or school. would like to attend the meetings and help with gifts of money and service, 1. What are the four principal ways in but are not willing to take any part in which efforts for missions may be put the missionary programs. This works forth by workers at home? well. There are often those who, after being associate members for a year or 2. Give some good method of using the two, are willing to allow their names to Bible in the missionary meeting. be transferred to the active list. At the close of 1913 there were a number who 3. How can music be made effective in did this, and one of the results was that the missionary meeting? last year we had many splendid papers written and read by women who said 4. What is the best way to interest an when they joined that 'they could never individual in missions? say a word in the meetings.'

5. What is the first thing you would do "The explanation of our groups by to start an interest in missions in the months is this: The first name of any Sunday-school? group in the active list is' the chairman for the month. With the assistance of 6. What ways are there of missionary that group of active members she must training in the home? present the mission study program for the month. The active group, assisted 7. Name six missionary books. by the associate group for the same 8. Name six noted missionaries. 9. What is the best way to raise money for missions? 10. What encouragements are there to pray for missions?

A Novel Year Card The 1915-1916 calendar of the Stafford Home and Foreign Missionary Society, First Presbyterian Church, Canastota,

OF BEST METHODS

month, must also s'erve light refreshments always of interest. In July, 1914, we at the close of the meeting. In this way printed the 1912-13 program of the every member, both active and associate, Voman's Missionary Society, Bedford has something definite to do once every Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., year. We have splendid meetings, and very large ones, too." which consisted of a series of "Little Journeys to Mission Lands." Through "I must add just a little about our Sunshine Committee," says Miss Wright. the kindness of Miss Lydia Pennington, "At each meeting we take a sunshine offering. Members can give as' little as president of the Christian Woman's they wish and not every time unless they Board of Missions, Euclid Avenue Chrischoose. When our members are sick or in trouble little gifts of sunshine are sent tian Church, Cleveland, Ohio, we have to them-flowers, huit or candy. Once it was a gift of money with a friendly received a copy of the 1914-15 year book little note to one who must undergo an of her society showing an adaptation of expensive operation. On her return there this plan. "The 'Little Journeys' proved were bright flowers at her home to speak our joy at having her with us again. most interesting," she says, "and attracted Most of us' have been cheered by these many to our meetings." sunshine gifts and we feel that they have bound us closer together." The topicS' for the journeys (some copied from the Bedford Church pro- True Yoke-fellows gram, but many original) were as fol- Some societies have found great blessing and a large access of interest through lows: yoking their members with missionaries on the home and foreign fields. ThiS' is October-Bird's-Eye View of the World done in the Woman's Missionary Soci- from an Aeroplane, ety, First Presbyterian Church, Tuscumbia, Alabama. In the 1916-17 year book November-Journey Through India. of the society, recently sent us by Miss December-A Cruise Through the West Frances Cooper, there is a list of 44 mem- Indies. bers of the society and opposite the January-By Trolley Through Foreign names of 31 of them the name of some Sections of Cleveland. missionary. February-A Trip to South America and Mexico. "Two years ago," says Miss Cooper, March-By Trail Through Liberia; Side "we decided to ask each member to select Trip Up the Congo. a missionary to pray for-some one in April-On Horseback Among the Mounwhom she was especially interested. It taineers. was also suggested that we not only re- May-Tenting Through Palestine and member these missionaries in our pray- Syria; Side Trip by Camel in Arabia; ers, but write to them as well. I'm afraid Hold-up, "Your Money and Your Life!" some of us have failed to carry out the June-By Dog Sled to the Frozen North; latter suggestion, but a great many have Stopover Among the Canadian Indians. done so, and it is a fine plan." July-By Wheelbarrow Through China; A Glimpse Into Tibet. August-Through Japan by Jinriksha; Ticket Extended to Korea. S e pte m b e r-Auto Journey Through America.

The devotional topics for these jour- neys were especially appropriate. They were as follows: Preparation; Equip- ment; Chart and Compass; Power; Hints for the Journey; Marching Or- ders; Helps by the Way; Outfit; Pro- visions for the Journey; Comforts; Sug- gestions for the Trip; Guide Book.

Little Journeys to Mission Landa An Envelope Calendar Societies on the outlook for novel ways The way in which one society adapts of announcing their programs for the the methods of another to its own use is'

year will be interested in a set of ten A Spontaneous (?) Missionary Social envelopes sent us by Mrs. J. R. Cowan, of Danville, Ky., president of the Junior Through the courtesy of Mr. R. H. Auxiliary, of the Diocese of Lexington, Young, of Haines City, Florida, we have which serve the double purpose of a cal- received the following account of a very endar and a receptacle for the offerings. successful missionary social given some years ago, under the auspices of the Mis- The envelopes measure 5% by 3% sionary Committee of the Young People's Society, in the Cas'e Avenue Presbyterian inches and have very large square flaps. Church in the city of C–. On the face of each envelope a picture of some building or scene appropriate "This missionary committee," says Mr. to the topic for the month has been pas- Young, "did not confine itself to the reguted; on the flap at the back the date of lar monthly meetings provided for by the meeting and the program has been the devotional committee, but occasionwritten in by hand, and across the bot- ally held missionary socials at the homes tom below the flap of the envelop, the of interested members of the church. names of those in charge. A package of Nor did it confine itself exclusively to ten was made for each woman in the accounts of Presbyterian missions. Its auxiliary. The envelop announcing the members believed that the best service meeting on giving contains three excel- results from a broad knowledge of the lent tracts. entire 'field, which is the world.'

"The parish is small," says Mrs. "The topic for one of our'socials (tho Cowan, "and we only needed fifteen not so announced) was 'Missionary packages, so the making of them was not Boats.' A number of these in use in dif-' a very great item. We had a better year ferent parts of the world were selected than ever before when this program was and assigned to different members, with used, and I hope the results were worth instructions to make such a study of the effort. One can only trust they were. them as would enable them to teU (not One woman is using her envelope as a read) about them in an interesting way. sort of repository for accumulating mis- Those selected ranged all the way from sionary literature." the old 'Morning Star' to a new boat just launched on the Kongo. In Honor of Two Presidents "When we were gathered in Mrs. Weare also indebted to Mrs. Cowan W's parlors that evening (in full numfor the following card of invitation to a bers, for it was a place all delighted to meeting in a sister church. "It was a go) and were well under way socially, splendid meeting," she says, "at which the conversation was skilfully led to 'Misthe retiring president turned her duties sionary Boats.' Without announcement over to the incoming one." This is an and in the most informal, conversational excellent idea for any society: manner, one of the company began telling about a particular hoat of which he had C.W.B.M. been reading. This led another to tell something about another boat of which Appreciation she had read lately. And so on. Some- times there were interruptions in the of shape of questions (perhaps artfully asked and on purpose!) or of ,general One who has served talk-all in the easiest and (apparently) most spontaneous and impromptu fash- and ion. It was a delightful evening.

One who will serve Mrs. Cecil Mrs. Cloyd Christian Church September 7, 2.30-5.00

WODLD-WIDE

MlSSIONADY NE S ISLANDS OF THE SEA being repaired and numerous new buildings are being erected in new " 0Conquering Fear in the Pacific communities. Other revenues are taking N these most easterly islands of the place of the lost State revenues, and Papua the work has been almost a far more able and efficient body of entirely of an itinerary nature," writes workers is taking the place of the dis- credited Spanish friars. The Roman Rev. W. J. Endicott, of Australia, from Church is straining every nerve to ad- just herself to the changed conditions, Rossel Island. "Without a central mis- and, one must confess, with considerable sion station, the missionaries have been success. The greatest, most bitter and compelled to make their home on the prolonged struggle for complete religious boat, and thus have been continually freedom in the Philippines is yet before traveling. The Papuans have given them us, and it will require the highest conand their message a cordial reception centration and the richest gifts in men everywhere, altho they had been in- and money." fluenced against the missionaries. I Generous Islanders "It was gratifying when a trader, after N the Pacific Ocean, midway between informing us that he had been partly re- the Fiji and the Gilbert Islands, lies sponsible for this, and as a consequence a an archipelago of nine or ten coral atolls, fairly large village had requested him to called the Ellice Islands (under British keep their location from our knowledge, protection). Their total surface is only assured us that now there is no such de- 14 square miles, and the people number sire; but, on the contrary, they desire our about 2,500. This little group gave continued visit or even our stay among $3,500 in money recently to the London them. There are, however, some places Missionary Society in honor of the fifstill in which the children flee into the tieth anniversary of the coming of the bush at our approach, being afraid that missionaries to their islands'. They speak we have come to take them away." the Samoan language and have a tradi- tion that thirty generations ago they came' Rome in the Philippines from Samoa. They even name the valley from which their fathers started out, and " DO not let the churches at home they possess an ancient spear whose staff think that we are facing a deca- is of wood not known among them now, which, they say, came with their ancesdent, weakened Catholicism, where for- tors from Samoa. merly she had supreme control," writes a tTliSSlOnary. "It is a mistake to speak T Good and Evil in Hawaii of the Roman Catholic Church in the HE Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) Philippines as decadent, and the ruined were not long ago heathen territory. churches here and there are not indica- Now they are giving men and money to tions of its state. Enormous sums of missions, and are liberal in helping the Roman Catholic money are being poured into the Philippines, and scores of her mo'st intelligent and capable workers are constantly coming to the islands. Dozens of dilapidated buildings are

sufferers from the European war. The 84,000 in excess of the year previous.

Congregationalist says that "when ap- -Lutheran Observer.

peals to aid relatives at home reached TPresident Charles R. Watson of Cairo Hawaii, surprizingly large sums were at HE trustees of the proposed Univeronce cabled. Later the Belgian relief committee secured generous donations. sity of Cairo have recently elected Even the poor gave far in excess of all the Rev. Charles R. Watson, D.D., presi- anticipations." dent of the university. Dr. Watson has re- The problems of Hawaii are those of signed as secretary of the Board of For- America-one of which is intemperance. eign Missions of the United Presbyterian There are upward of 130 liquor estab- Church of North America, but has been lishments on the islands, and the drink made honorary secretary of the board bill amounts to $3,570,000 per annum. A and expects to remain in America for brewery in Honolulu does a flourishing one or two years in order to complete business. There are several distilleries, the work of organizing and financing including one or two big sake stills owned the university. He is succeeded in the and operated by Japanese. Cargoes of general secretaryship of the board by whisky, brandy, wine, "dago-red" and Rev. Wm. B. Anderson, D.D., who has "square-face" gin are being shipped in been his associate, and who was for from abroad. "Dago-red" California fourteen years a missionary in India. wine is a deadly poison and is the cause of crime, suffering and death. The death The new president of the new univerrate is shocking. Appeal after appeal sity was born in Egypt, being the son of has been made to Congress for help, and Dr. and Mrs. Andrew Watson, for half now a bill has been introduced into the a century honored missionaries of the United States Senate for the prohibition United Presbyterian Church. He was of the liquor traffic in Hawaii, which is a graduated from Princeton University in territory of the United States. 1894 and has been for fifteen years a missionary secretary and a force in mis- NORTH AMERICA sionary circles at home and abroad.

Liberating the Prisoners TCost of Education in the United States THE National Committee on Prisom HE Bureau of Education has issued is guiding the movement for the a report to the effect that the cost overthrow of the barbaric prison systems of education for the 22,000,000 persons which disgrace our civilization to-day.

enrolled in institutions of learning in the Opportunity is demanded for the prisoner United States in 1914 was $750,000,000. to develop through self-expression, in- "This cost is less by $300,000,000 than dustrial training and incentive to right- the cost of running the federal govern- doing. The committee has come to feel ment," the statement asserts. "It is less that further advance in prison reform than one-third the nation's expenditure calls for action on the part of the for alcoholic liquors, and it is only a little churches, and is calling upon the church more than three times the estimated cost people of every creed to take up the of admission to motion-picture theaters cause of the morally and spiritually ill in the United States for the same year." man and woman whom we call the crimi- The attendance at elementary schools nal. A committee on religious work has totaled 19,000,000; 1,374,000 in secondary been organized and includes in its mem- schools, and 216,000 in colleges and uni- bership representatives of all denomina- versities. In point of rapid growth, the tions. The work in which the coopera- public high school represented the most tion of the churches is sought is three- impressive figures, the enrolment being fold: ministration within the prison;

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

after-care of the ex-prisoner who comes ance, to be edited by Rev. S. B. Rohold, out of prison determined to make good, who was reelected president, and the and who needs encouragement and a other the starting of definite missionary right environment; the creation on the work under the auspices of the Alliance. part of the general public of a right atti- This has especially in mind the sending tude toward the prison and the prisoner. out of traveling evangelists, who would April 9th was observed as Prison Sabbath visit the many communities where large in many churches. numbers of Jews are to be found, but where no Jewish mission exists. Bibles for West Point Cadets Mission Work Among Foreigners AT an impressive service in the chapel of the United States Military Acad- T HE Church is not only sending the emy at West Point, on April 9th, the Gospel to foreigners, but the Lord forty-sixth annual presentation of Bibles is sending foreigners to the Gospel. to the members of the graduating class There are nearly 35,000,000 people of was made by the American Tract Soci- foreign birth and native-born children ety. The entire cadet corps, numbering of foreign and mixed parentage in Amernearly 600 men, was present in full uni- ica. Here is a magnificent opportunity to form. Rev. H. Percy Silver, chaplain of teach all nations. They are at our doors the academy, conducted the devotional -yes, inside the portals. About 25,000 exercises. The presentation address was foreigners return to their native land delivered by Rev. Harlan G. Mendenhall, every year. If each would carry back of New York City, who spoke of the correct ideas of civilization and Chris- Bible as "living and active and sharper tianity gained during residence in Amerthan any two-edged sword," and then ica, he or she would become to that exproceeded to show that these qualities of tent a missionary. Thus, the work of the Word of God were representative of home missions among foreigners is inthe true West Point spirit. directly a great contribution toward the work of foreign mb'sions. Hebrew Christians in Conference TBooker T. Washington Memorial T HE second conference of the Hebrew HE campaign in the interest of the Christian Alliance of America was Booker T. vVashington memorial held in Philadelphia, May 2d to 5th. N ear- fund is being vigorously conducted among ly 150 delegates and friends were present both white and colored people. The trusfrom all parts of the United States and tees have already received from white Canada and representing many denomi- friends of the institute SUbscriptions nations. The presence of such a large amounting to about $700,000, some of number of Jewish Christians actuated by which is conditional upon other subscripa common religious impulse made a pro- tions being secured. The fund asked for found impression upon the life of the is $2,000,000, of which the trustees are city. The leading newspapers gave con- expecting the colored people to give ~iderable space to accounts of the meet- $250,000. Memorial fund committees ings. The Jewish rabbis of the city have been organized among the colored wrote letters to the press and the Yid- people in nearly 160 cities. Contributions dish papers gave exaggerated accounts, and pledges already received seem to inadding sarcastic comments on the pro- dicate that the colored people will raise ceedings. a large part of the sum expected of them by the trustees. Public meetings are The conference was marked by unity being held, and the colored churches, and spirituality, and two advance steps were decided upon-the first, the establishment of a quarterly organ of the Alli-

schools, fraternal and secret organiza- These Tsimpsean Indians were among tions, business leagues and individuals the most barbarous of any on the North are contributing as they are able. The American continent. They believed in teachers and employes of Tuskegee In- witch doctors and were given over to stitute, out of their modest earnings, cannibalism. have contributed, in cash and pledges to be paid before June 1st, $3,742.60. The It was from such material that Dr. students also are planning to contribute, Duncan organized the civilized communin a desire to help in the perpetuation ity of the MetlakahtIa of to-day. The of the work. community has its own preachers and its own public speakers. Some of the ser- Christian American Indians mons in the Tsimpsean language are full of eloquence and beauty. PAUL BALDEAGLE, a full-blooded Indian, wrote in The Student WarM One preacher who had formerly been of the situation among his people: vicious and high-tempered, speaking of himself, said: "The Indians of the United States are in pressing need of Christian leaders, "I will tell you what I feel myself to who can bring Jesus Christ as a real, liv- be. I am like a bundle of weeds floating, personal Savior to the multitudes ing down 'the stream. I was going down of Indians, who know Him not as such, with all my sin, like the weeds, covered altho they profess to be Christians. with earth and filth; but I came to the rapids when lo! there was a pole stuck "There are quite a large number of fast and firm in the rock, and I clutched schools for Indian boys and girls at at the pole, and there I am now. The which the needed leaders can be success- stream is passing by and washing away fully trained. Some of these schools are my filth. Christ to me is the pole. I maintained by the Government; others hold to Him and am safe." are provided for by certain denominations. Thousands of Indian boys and LATIN AMERICA girls are thus educated yearly. Porto Rico and Prohibition "The Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations have T HE recent Porto Rico Protestant laid siege to this student body of In- mission conference adopted the dians, and· whereas four years ago we resolution asking for the prohibition of had 400 Indian young men who were intoxicants for the island. members of Christian Associations, this year there are 1,200; two-thirds of these After the resolution was carried the are in voluntary Bible classes, and many audience cheered for three minutes. are becoming Christian leaders in their Porto Rican rum is sold on the island school life. One is preparing to go as at 10 cents a pint, and peons' can get a medical missionary to his race in South drunk on two cents' worth of this rum. America. He is the first Indian Student There can be little doubt that there would Volunteer." be no comprehensive or effective dry laws passed now if the matter were left An Alaskan Indian's Sermon for settlement in the island itself. Iso- lated as it is, Porto Rico can be sealed ONE of the romances of present-day up as tight as a drum. And for those missions is the story of the work car- who have suffered from the effects of too much liquor there can be no gainsaying ried on for the last thirty years among the benefits which may be derived by the Indians of Metlakahtla by Dr. Dun- having the temptation removed. There can, "the Apostle of Alaska," who is now eighty-four years old.

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is much money spent throughout the A Bible class organized last June with an enrolment of four has increased to island for drink that might better go for twelve, including one Ecuadorian. It is bread. That the insular revenues may hoped that these men will become lead- suffer by taking away the alcohol taxes ers in opening other Bible classes. Re- ligious work has been carried on through probably is true, but there is no particu- personal interviews. The following is typical. The man interviewed is the lar reason why the Government should Chief Quartermaster of the Chilian live so largely on a business which may Army, a man of thirty years. He does so easily become a vice, and with an in- not profess to belong to any church but telligent, responsive, elective legislature acceptS' the ideals of the Association. He there is every reason to believe that am- says there are many men like himself ple provision would be made promptly who will have nothing to do with the for other means of revenue. Church and therefore call themselves un- believers, but they are not unbelievers Signs of Harvest in Mexico as practically all of them believe in the spirit of Christianity. Forty men, mostly METHODIST workers in Mexico re- Chilians, were interviewed for the pur- port many encouragements in the pose of setting before them the ideals of the Association, preparing the way for a lives that are being touched and changed. more active propaganda in winning them For example, in Queretaro, a married to Christ. Only a very few men really couple who for years had prayed to know Christ, but all of them are open to images received the Gospel with such joy influence. A prayer group organized that they immediatt'ly destroyed the with four men, in 14 sessions had a total image they formerly worshiped. They attendance of 56.-Foreign Mail. are now worthy members of the Church and through their influence others have Evangelical Conference in Argentina come into the fold. WITH the object of widening the A soldier in the present revolution outlook, deepening the spiritual while away from his family was converted to the Protestant faith and came life, and fostering the spirit of brotherhome almost dreading the task of im- hood among members of Spanish-speakparting the news to his family. His joy ing churches in the southern part of the can be imagined when he discovered that province of Buenos Aires, a conference the family had also been converted and was held in Tandil from March 4th to were faithful attendants at the services. 12th, representatives being present from It was indeed a happy reunion. most of the Protestant churches. A more cosmopolitan gathering it would be hard At one time a Catholic family came to find, many nationalities being repreto the parsonage in, Mexico City for re- sented. During the week morning and fuge and, of course, were asked to be evening sessions were held. . present at the daily family worship. When they left they said to their hosts, Some of the meetings were given up "Please pray for us, for we s'ee that you entirely to the testimonies of the memhave a most direct and beautiful way of bers of the churches represented, all of talking with God and we want you to them, while telling of differing spiritual intercede for us." experiences, witnessing to the truth that "the Gospel of Christ is' the power of Reachinlr Chilian Young Men God unto salvation."

THE membership of the Valparaiso, In the town they were celebrating Chile, Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation is 337, of whom 118 are ChiIians, the others English, German, and other foreigners.

carnival, with all its frivolity. The Switzerland, Sweden, and Norway, and mIsSIOnaries formed into procession may visit Italy and Turkey as well. No and sang choruses as they marched public meetings of any kind have been along the street, arousing great interest called, the object of his trip being to among the onlookers. inspect the vast work which the Young Men's Christian Association is conduct- One of the best featureS' of the confer- ing for the millions of men under arms ence was the fraternizing of the mem- and in prison camps. We can not estibers of the different congregations. The mate the possible outcome of his visit plan is to make the conference an annual in drawing more closely those internaaffair. tional bonds of Christian fellowship which he has helped to create in past Baptists to Enter Brazil years.

T HE important Brazilian state of ASpanish Attack on a Colporteur Parana has been opened to Baptist SPANISH paper reports an attack missions. A pawnbroker, who was also upon an agent of the British and a fairly well-to-do jeweler, heard the Foreign Bible Society in Bilbao. "Mr. Gospel preached in the streets of Santos, Arbiza had been threatened, so that it received a tract and went home to read was deemed necessary to give police proit. The pages were read again and again tection to the Scripture booth which he and finally brought conviction and salva- had set up in the annual Bilbao fair. tion. The reader sold all that he owned This year the agents of the clericals and dedicated his life to the spreading of broke in upon him and poured vitriol the good news. Using the means at his over his stock of Bibles. In trying to disposal, he printed "tracts, paid his own rescue a part of the books, Mr. Arbiza expens'es as he traveled about selling was burned about the hands and his Bibles, and finally settled in Paranag1l3, clothing was injured. Some of the Bilwhere he built himself a home and a bao newspapers condemned the action, large hall for preaching purposes. while three others objected to the here- Groups of Christians began to be gath- tical character of the Bible. The peoered which were ultimately organized ple of the city came in large numbers to into a church unconnected with any de- express their mortification at the deed nomination. Some time afterward its and, as' usually happens as a sequel to evangelist leader, exhausted by his labors such cases, more Bibles were sold than and anxious to see the work established ever." on a firm basis, made approaches to the American Baptist Mission in Brazil and Work for Women in Munition Centers the whole body of 250 members was incorporated in the Baptist Church of WAR conditions in Great Britain Brazil. Mr. Pettigrew has been sent to have brought to the Young aid in this reorganization and has been doing a great work since his arrival. Women's, as well as to the Young Men's Christian Association, special opportuni- EUROPE ties for service, which have been quickly seized. John R. Mott in Europe In crowded munition areas, where the ON May 29th, Dr. John R. Mott sailed rattle and clank and whirr of machine for England to spend two months and death-spelling engines make the music of the weary day; in rushing milivisiting the various countries' of Europe. tary centers; in the heart of big cities, He plans to spend some time in Eng- where hundreds of wqmen have left land, France, Germany, Austria, Russia, country homes in order to enter into

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the commercial life of the hour-in all Hungarian prisoners of war, these strik- these places a work of grace is going on ing statements have been made concern- in the name of the Lord Jesus. In the ing the war work of the Association.

munition centers the Young Women's There are more than four millions of Christian Association has erected cheery men and boys in the prisoner-of-war huts, which serve as canteens, rest- camps of the countries on both sides of rooms, Gospel centers, and in some cases the struggle. Of all the countries where have included sleeping accommodations. these prisoners of war are found, Russia This is the supreme opportunity of affords possibly the most significant op- winning the women for Christ, as it is portunity. In European and Siberian the great opportunity of winning the men. Russia, chiefly the latter, there are to-day The women are gathered together in vast concentrated in scores of prison camps numbers, and in the huts of the Young over one million Teutonic soldiers. The Women's Christian Association there are International Committee of Young Men's possibilities of evangelism the like of Christian Associations have been granted which have not been seen in peace-time. the unique privilege of entering all of The women and girls who never dream these camps and of organizing practical of going to church in the ordinary way Christian work on their behalf. What are now within reach of the Association, lends even larger significance to this and the very best use is being made of movement is the fact that the Russian the opportunity thus presented.-Life of Government has given permission to Faith. work among the Teutonic prisoners on France and Islam condition that Germany and Austria would give similar permission to the In- T HE French Government has laid two ternational Committee to do a similar bills before Parliament, providing work among Russian prisoners. for measures to be adopted in order to show the gratitude of France for the Mission School in Salonica Burned loyalty of her subjects in North Africa. O NE of the most promising institu- One of the bills provides for the cre- tions of the American Board's work in the Near East is the Agricultural and ation in Mecca and at Medina of two Industrial Institute in Salonica. On large caravanserais, bought or erected at April 15th, the main building of this the expense of the French Government, school, with most of its contents, was where pilgrims from Northern Africa destroyed by fire. SoldierS' from a nearmay obtain shelter free. by French aviation camp helped very much in fighting the flames, but the fire The second bilI provides for the addi- spread so fast that it was impossible to tion to the Inter-ministerial Commission save half the equipment and furnishings, for Moslem Affairs at Paris of Moslem to say nothing of personal effects. Some councillors, thus allowing natives to be of the boys are now sleeping in the hay represented at the seat of the central power.

1 War Prisoners in Russia mow and the others are camping in out- N connection with the acceptance by buildings.

Rev. Fred P. Haggard, D.D., Home Before the fire was' over two contribu- Secretary of the Baptist Foreign Mission' tions of 100 francs each were handed in Board, of the call of the International from among the English and French Committee of the Young Men's Christian military who came to help; and friends Association to go to Russia to take from two military hospitals sent over charge of the work being conducted there food and blankets, so that no one had to on behalf of the German, Austrian and go cold or hungry.

Later gifts, together with the insur- MOSLEMS IN ASIA ance money, will make possible a start T A German Report from Palestine on rebuilding, tho the increased cost of HE Moslem World quotes the folaJl building materials is a matter for lowing, with the heading "Is this sume anxiety. The lost apparatus, tools, Sarcasm?" furniture, library, etc., can not be easily or quickly replaced, but the school will "The war has had its effect on the continue its work even tho under diffi- Holy Land," says Der Bote aus Zion cult conditions. (Zion's Messenger), a Berlin paper de- voted to German mission work in Pal- The Moravian Crisis estine, "and that effect has on the whole not been unfavorable. The Hill of Gol- THE international position of the gotha and the Mount of Olives have been Moravian Church and its missions awakened to a new life by the tramp of has been greatly tried through this the Turkish troops, which drill there world's war. The entire Unitas accord- daily. At Jerusalem a score of monasing to the report at the close of 1914 teries and convents, formerly occupied numbers 46,133 members. They are dis- by enemy missions, English, French, and tributed as follows: German Unitas with Rupsian, have been transformed into 433 missionary people, 8,765; Bohemian barracks, and their halls and galleries congregations, 1,267; British Units, now resound with the military com- 6,574; North American, 22,348; South mands of officers. On the whole, the American, 7,037; missionaries besides spectacle presented by the Holy Land Germans, 150. is an extraordinary one. Everywhere In the mission administration alI three one sees motor cars', aeroplanes, machine guns, buffaloes, and oxen-drawn cars, Unitas provinces are represented ac- laden with munitions, going through the cording to the constitution. The posi- lanes and along the fields once trodden tion has become more acute, because by the apostles and the patriarchs, while many friends without the Moravian the construction of military roads Church help their mission. The German brotherhood, in spite of the close inter- through the desert, over the mountains national relationship, has always been of Judea, in the outskirts of Jericho, very patriotic. In England, the German does not cease by night or day. Truly, origin of the church and its name "Mo- the dry bones are made to live again."

ravians," was until the most modern time An Armenian'. Hope a great stumbling-block toward its devel- T opment, and for this reason the national HE following letter from an Ar- menian, now in Asia Minor, shows side of the English brotherhood was more and more emphasized. Of the German the kind of faith some Armenian Chris- Moravians, 934 were in the army the tians possess: 8th of November, 1915; 90 had fallen; "Gdd can still shut the mouths of lions.

13 missed, and 17 imprisoned. Of the Do you realize that He has truly done English, several hundreds had volun- this during many years? We now under- teered for the army, who, like the rest stand how great a miracle it is that our of their nation, believe they are fighting nation should have survived so many for a good and just cause. How, under . years in the midst of a people like the these conditions, the historical interna- Turks. Into what demons can men tional relationship of the Moravian change themselves! I fear they are plan- Church can be maintained, is a serious ning to kill some of us, to starve others, question for its members on both sides to drive the rest into the desert. So I of the canal and the ocean. have little hope of seeing you again in

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this world. But do not doubt that I will only 200 escaped death or exile. Thirty do all possible to encourage others to of these were saved in the house of Mr. die bravely and may God aid me to die Stapleton, the American Board repreas a Christian. May this land see that sentative. if we can not live longer as men, we can die as men! And may many die as men The Moslems came several times and of God! May the Lord pardon this (Mo- demanded that the Armenian girls be hammedan) people their sin! They sin given over to them. Mr. Stapleton anthrough ignorance. May the Armenians swered, "You must kill me before· you by their death be able to show forth the can touch them." A plot to fire the house life of Jesus, since they can not render was discovered and the situation daily testimony with their lives! May we became more desperate, until at length soon see many Moslems become followers Mr. Stapleton said, "If the Russians do of Christ! And may this war soon end not arrive to-day I feel sure that our that the Moslems may be saved from time has come." That night the magatheir cruelty. For day by day they be- zines in the Erzroom forts exploded, the come more demoniac and their character shock breaking most of the windows in is degraded by the tortures which they the Stapleton house, and breaking all impose on their victims. Our expecta- the windows in the hospital near by. tion is in God, out of love to Moslem The Turkish troops fled. Then the no less than to Armenian. May He soon townsfolk began looting. They were apmanifest Himself !"-Record of Christian proaching the American quarters when Work. the Russian advance guard of Cossacks entered and began to police the city. American Schools not Closed Later many high Russian officials called and were entertained at the Stapletons' A WAY has been found to continue at house. The Turks had sent most of least some of the mission schools in their wounded away; but 200 were left Turkey during this time of war. The with no one to care for them. When Christian Guardian gives this note: "A Dr. (Mrs.) Stapleton and the Russian han was placed on the language of all Red Cross physicians went round the the belligerents; and French, Russian, hospitals they found dead in every room. Japanese and English became forbidden tongues. Of course, this affected United Persian Pastors Killed States schools and United States citizens in Turkey; and the United States Am- W ORD has come from Persia that in bassador protested most vigorously. Bohtan four native preachers have However, a Turkish firman had been is- been killed and their families either suer! and could not be recalled, being like killed or carried away. Several Christhe laws of the Medes and Persians. But, tian women are also definitely reported to please the United States Ambassador, as having been carried off by the Kurds. another firman was issued giving full After the first, the Kurds were inclined permission to all and sundry for the use to care for the Christians, but the Turkof the 'American language.' And the ish government threatened the Kurds folks concerned very quickly acquired and compelled them to complete their this new tongue, and were safe from of- work. Rev. William A. Shedd, of Uruficial interference. Great is diplomacy!" mia, now in this country, comments on this news as follows: Awful Scenes in Erzroom "Bohtan, where the four preachers INDESCRIBABLE things happened in were killed, is the region in the U rumia Erzroom just before the Russians cap- field most distant from the station center. tured the city. Out of 20,000 Armenians It is in the Tigris Valley, and the

Protestant community there has been lowed in a long train. We wanted our marked by wonderful faith and zeal. district Christians to realize that they The men referred to as having been were members of a great Church. We killed were all of them simple, earnest, trust the inspiration of this day will rehard-working men, who always contrib- main with them for a long time. One uted to the peace of the community. Had of the British Territorial troops who was matters been left to the Kurdish chiefs present was heard to s'ay, 'When I get there is good reason to believe that they back to England I'll tell the people of would have spared the lives of these men this, and there will be no man saying, first of all. This word from the Chris- "I don't believe in native Christians.'" " tians in the Tigris Valley makes one feel for the fate of the large number in Into the Depths Mosul and the region north of Mosul toward the mountains." SOME missionary workers in India justly claim vast areas of land, or INDIA land and water, within their territory. T Breaking Down of Caste Others emphasize the diversity of races HIS from Rev. F. E. Jeffrey, of with which they are dealing. But ac- Aruppukottai. Things are certainly cording to the Rev. William H. Hollister, moving in India: the South India Mission of the Methodist Church, which conducts Christian work A marvelous revolution is in progress. five thousand feet underground in the Twenty-five years ago the writer was Kolar mines, goes deepest in its soulstoned for innocently taking a low-caste saving mission. Christian servant through the Brahmin street. The other day he sat down to a Indian Farmers Turning to Christ banquet with college students of all castes, including three divisions of Brah- REV. E. W. FELT, of Vadala, in the mins. All were served by servants of Marathi Mission, writes: low-caste extraction. In Bombay, on December 28th, an all-India inter-caste din- "It is the farmer caste that presents ner, organized with the avowed object the biggest opportunity. They constiof doing away with caste differences, was tute the sturdy middle class of India, held. Of the 450 guests from various and in our district, tho years of work castes, 225 were Brahmins, 50 were In- have been done among them, only a dian woman, and 20 were the so-called handful has actually become Christian. "untouchables !" They are deeply conservative and not very responsive to a purely spiritual ap- Meerut Mission Centenary peal. Yet the fruitage of all these years of effort among them is becoming more ONE of the principal features of the and more manifest, until our hearts thrill centenary celebrations of the C. M. with the promise.

S. mission at Meerut, India, was the pro- "Our schools in the villages which had cession of some seven hundred village almost no high caste Hindus in them twelve or fifteen years ago are now in Christians. Rev. J. F. Pemberton wrote many cases crowded with the children of farmers eager for an education. Crowds of it: of the fathers and mothers of these chil- "We marched in procession from the dren may be gathered at any time to listen to the gospel. They are most mission compound to the garrison church. friendly, and seek us on all matters con- The Bishop and twelve clergymen led cerning government and their fields, etc., the way, and then the villagers, each bringing their quarrels for settlement. group with a distinctive banner-on foot and in bullock carts and on camels-fol-

16] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 55

"There is a new unrest among these say: "This is not only a menace to our farmers, partly economic, partly a desire work, but is proving a serious hindrance for education, and partly spiritual. A to the suppression of the opium traffic society of them is working in our district, across the border in the province of called the Truth Seekers' Society, which Yunnan in China." has as its object the throwing off of the yoke of the Brahmans, the abandonment SIAM AND LAOS of idolatry, and the education of the community." "0 Training Siamese Inquirers NE of the encouraging features of The Message Bit this field," writes Rev. J. A. Eakin, of Petchaburi, Siam, "is the large num- ANYTHING is better than indifference. ber of people who have given their names as willing to give up their former The most depressing missionary sit- religion and accept Christ as their Savuation is an easy-going tolerance. Mis- ior and Lord. The various lists of insionary work is weakest when nobody quirers now total up more than a thoucares to attack, when it is not regarded sand names. Of these, 154 have been as effective enough to demand notice. baptized. The mission has recently From this point of view we may read with adopted a method of receiving these inrejoicing the following verses taken from quirers as catechumens, requiring them to the Madura Mail after Mr. Sherwood make a public promise to renounce their Eddy's evangelistic meetings. Sircar is former religion, accept Christ, repent of the name of a Bengali Christian, a their sins and forsake them, observe the former Brahman, who was another of Sabbath, practise monogamy, and study the speakers: the Scriptures. In addition to those baptized, twenty-eight have been received OH! HINDU BROTHERS, BEWARE! as catechumens by this method.

The fisher comes with tempting bait; Each of our evangelists has the list The fox it comes with cunning gait; of questions prepared for those who wish With luring words on us' doth wait; to be enrolled as catechumens, and they are expected to instruct all inquirers who Beware! Beware! show sufficient interest, so that they will Oh, friend, heed not to that Sircar, understand clearly what is involved in The state his speeches can not mar, the catechumen pledge. Thus, while the And so thy sense from wavering bar: roll of inquirers is being constantly lengthened by the addition of new Beware! Beware! names, we are giving our attention And Eddy he doth eddy 'bout; mainly rather to intensive work in the He tries our common sense to rout. way of developing those already won Conversion is his faith, no doubt: over in the graces of the Christian life and in the knowledge of the truth as it is Beware! Beware! in Jesus.

Opium in Burma "I Influence of the Gospel in Siam BELIEVE that a Christian rebirth IN the northwestern part of the Keng- is quietly taking place in the king- tung field, Burma, the cultivation of dom," writes L. C. Bulkley, M.D., a opium is being pushed to the exclusion Presbyterian missionary in Siam. "Apart of other crops. There has consequently from any effort on our part, Christian been a shortage of food supplies and teachings are being quietly appropriated rice has been very high. In addition to by Buddhists, and imparted by officials, this, local officials have tried to force opium cultivation on Christian villages and to take away the land of those who refuse to cultivate.

The Baptist missionaries in this field

whose lives are quite different from the selves we will have no lack of boys in our officials' of some years ago. school. The graduates of our Ming Sam School for Blind Girls can do very credit- "Not only we missionaries have seen able work in knitting, and most of them that more is needed. Something must are employed as Bible readers or teachbe added to the religion they have; the ers and are proficient in church music, people here feel it themselves. The vocal and instrumenta!." Holy Spirit is now preached bJ some, as tho a part of Buddhism. Recently Nearly all the graduates of these at a gathering of the headmen of a small schools are in Christian work and are adjacent village, our Governor talked to employed by the various missions. them at some length on the virtues of honesty, mutual helpfulness, monogamy, Difficulties in China etc., in a very kindly and fatherly spirit, finishing up by saying, 'Now all this is SOME faint idea of the difficulties that the religion that we believe in, and so are encountered in mission work can we must practise these things.' An old be gained by a consideration of the vastman now a Christian two years or so, ness of the country and the diversity of laughed as he reported it afterward, and the dialects. The area of China is 3,913,- said, 'How many years was I a Bud- 560 square, miles, and the total railway dhist, and I never heard anything like mileage is under 7,000. The roads are this in their teaching!' poorly constructed and badly kept; con- sequently, traveling is arduous and slow. "Let us pray that they will see what On the other hand, there are numerous they really need is the whole Gospel, canals and navigable rivers which faciliwhich is offered them!" tate communication. In regard to dia- lects, the actual number in use through- CHINA out China can not be stated, but an esti- mate, said to be conservative, has placed Schools for the Blind in China them at over 300. Knowledge of the Mandarin dialect is' general among the T HERE are over 300 blind pupils in official classes throughout the country, the various schools which have been but for intimate work among the people opened for them by missionaries in South a knowledge of the local dialect is essen- China. Among the best known of these tial. institutions are the "Ming Sam Schools for the Blind," in Canton, where the op- Slave Girl. Sold in China portunity to minister to these unfortunate ones is limited only by the funds in CHINESE slave girls are found in hand. Dr. Mary W. Niles, who is in large cities, such as Shanghai and charge, writes: "We feel that our most important work is to train our pupils for Canton, and refuges for these unforself-supporting professions or trades; to tunates have been opened by missionarouse in the parents and the general aries'. Many will, however, be surcommunity a feeling of responsibility prized to learn that girls throughout for training and making the blind use- the country are sold as slaves, and that ful, and to break down the bond of super- the province of Szechuan is probably stition and vice which oppress them. the greatest slave market in China. Bishop D. T. Huntington, of the Prot- We already have three girls whose estant Episcopal Mission of Anking, families are supporting them wholly in says of this: "When I was stationed school, and a number of others pay par- in Ichang I learned a good deal about tial support. The boys pay their own the way in which the trade is carried board. vVhen we can demonstrate that on. Ichan,g is at the mouth of the our graduates can always support them- Yangtze gorges, and all the traffic of

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Szechuan with the rest of the Empire Men's Christian Association. The fol- passes through it. Most of the slave lowing report from the association in traffic is illegal, as the Chinese laws Tientsin is an illustration of this: regarding it are quite strict in theory. "A two weeks' membership campaign Some of these girls are bought from brought in 775 members and $7,400. The their parents, but more are kidnapped team which stood far in the lead was and brought down the river in the headed by the leading citizen of Tientsin, junks under hatches. A friend of Mr. Yen Fan Tsun. His warm support mine was coming down from Chung- and effort will mean much to the organ- king and had noticed nothing peculiar. ization in this city. Mr. Yen was for- until he was within a day of Ichang. merly at the head of the National Board Then he saw a little hand come up of Education and is a man to whom all through the forward hatch. He pulled educators look for advice and example.

up the hatch and found six little girls Among the prominent members received below. They were taken away that were three sons of President Yuan Shih night, so he was unable to do any- Kai, who are resident in Tientsin. Sev- thing about them. My Chinese friends eral of the most prominent campaign have told me that at least 1,000 girls workers have since decided to become pass through Ichang in this way in the Christians."-Foreign Mail.

course of a year."

Borden Memorial Hospital in Kansu Revival Meetings in China FROM Lanchowfu, in far-away Kansu T HE evangelistic work of Rev. and province, Mr. George Andrew, of Mrs. J. Goforth has been greatly the China Inland Mission, writes: blest at various points in China. At "The Borden Memorial Hospital, which their meetings at Hsuchowfu in Kiangsu is now partly built, on the bank of the province the heathen attending the ser- Yellow River, outside the city, is a center vices were awed at the scenes of maniof Gospel light, where Dr. and Mrs. fest judgment. They said the living King, Dr. R. C. Parry and helpers min- God was present in the assembly, and ister to the sick. Patients come from many of them decided to become Chrislong distances, among them Moham- tians. medans, the winning of whom for Christ is one of the great problems confront· Mrs. Goforth summarizes the work in ing us. The Life of Faith: "I do not know where we coulrl find "Dozens of the students declared their more willing hearers of the Gospel than purpose to become preachers of the Gosat Lanchow, whether in the street-chapel pel. Hundreds promised that at the least 0, on the streets. Many Mohammedans they would strive to win one soul before come and listen with pleasure as' the unity the close of this year. On prayer and and spirituality of God are declared, and Bible study the whole audience seemed the falseness of idols exposed; but they resolved. A wonderful feature was the dislike to hear of salvation by Chri,;t. hundreds of one-sentence testimonies to The truths of His divinity and of His blessing received. Whole families testideath on the cross are derided by them." fied that they had been made new. Some said they now had a new church. The heads of both the boys' and girls' schools TResult. of a Y. M. C. A. Campaign said they have new schools, not a pupil, HE way in which its methods can as far as they knew, left unconverted. be adapted to conditions in many All the leaders said the blessing poured different countries is one of the signifi- out upon all was' beyond what they had cant features of the work of the Young asked or thought. The missionaries said

they never saw prayer like this before, Christianity will again occupy a position and some said that neither did their of recognized leadership.

weak faith lead them to expect it." Buddhists Start Sunday-schools Bi.hop Brent's Report on China T HE rapidly increasing interest in Japan in the coming convention of SPEAKING before the Episcopal Board the World's Sunday-School Association of Missions, Bishop Brent, who had just returned from the Far East, said: at Tokyo has challenged the attention of "I touched at various points in the Orient the Buddhists. The children who, they and took the opportunity to come into think, should follow their parents in the contact with the mission work at each Buddhist faith are going into the Chris- point. tian Sunday-schools, and the priests real- "China to-day presents such an oppor- ize that they must keep hold of these tunity as I suppose the world has never young people if Buddhism is to continue.

seen before in a country that is not As a result they are showing signs of Christian. We were thrilled a few years aroused activity in many quarters. In ago as we heard reports from China commemoration of the emperor's corona- after the Republic was established. But tion hundreds of Sunday-schools are to let me tell you that the opportunities in . be started in the Buddhist temples, where China for Christianity to-day are ten- the children of Buddhist homes may re- fold more than they were six years ago. ceive instruction in the tenets of their The opportunity is increasing by leaps faith, after the order of the Christian and by bounds. Again let me beg of you, Sunday-schools. For a time the priests in the name of Christ and in the name of have influenced the Buddhist teachers in the Orient as a whole, not to close the the public schools to tell their pupils they door of opportunity, but to think in the must not attend the Christian Sabbath terms of the Kingdom of God first, and schools, but when this was reported at a dollars and cents afterward." conference held in the home of Count Okuma immediate steps were taken to JAP AN-CHOSEN put a stop to it.

T Japan's Progress T Influencing China at Tokyo HE Japanese are rapidly becoming HE Chinese students who have come the most educated people in the to Japan in the last few years have world. At the present rate of progress been largely picked men, and generally Japan will soon have the smallest per better prepared than those who came cent. of illiterates and the largest per earlier. A natural proces's of selection cent. of children of school age in attend- among these has left chiefly those of ance in her schools. The National Chris- more serious purpose and better staying tian Educational Association and all the qualities, those destined in time to have Protestant missions of Japan have made the greater and more enduring influence plans for a great interdenominational upon their native land. From this point university, and the advanced schools for of view the winning of the Chinese stugirls are getting together in projecting dents in Japan to Christ is seen to be of a great Christian College for Women increasing importance. to open in 1916. Japan is more open to Christianity than at any time since the There are two churches for Chinese early eighties, and if the seven or eight students in Tokyo, and the Young Men's schools for men will advance their stan- Christian Association is working in close dards sufficiently and cooperate cordially connection with them. There are in Tokyo with the proposed Christian university, at present 98 baptized members. Others nOt affiliated with either church bring the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

total number of Christian students up terview the Moslem woman who owns to 110 or more, about 4 per cent. of the the house in which she had rented a total. Certainly in no community in room for this school.

China will there be found so large a pro- "You must not permit that Christian portion confessing Christ as among this missionary to come again nor must you great group of China's modern literati. allow the school to meet beyond to-day.

As large a percentage of the whole na- That missionary who came to speak yes- tion Christian would mean a Church in terday said such attractive things about China 16,000,000 strong.-Foreign Mail. Christianity that if he should continue I Progress in Korea there would soon be no Mohammedanism N spite of some serious problems con- in this neighborhood. Say to him that nected with missionary work and some you have done with him and his wife at very delicate matters' that have arisen once." in the relations of the missions with the government, the past year has been To the astonishment of the sheikh the one of phenomenal progress along all Moslem woman answered independently: lines of Church activity. According to "I shall do nothing of the kind." This is the figures in the Christian Movement a forecast of the emancipation of Mosin Japan, the total number of additions lem womanhood from the dominion of by baptism to all the Protestant churches the sheikh. was 9,019. The total number of communicants is reported as being 82,325, of A Moslem School in Egypt which number about 60,000 are in con- OSLEM young people are eager for nection with the Presbyterian churches. M Bible study. In the center of the Some progress has been made in estab- Nile Delta lies Tanta, a city of 70,000 lishing better relations between the -largely Moslem. In one of the poorest Christian churches and "the powers that quarters of this city a Sunday-school has be." The government has made less use been started for the children gathered of its military arm and has pursued on from the streets. Rev. Stephen Trowthe whole a more kindly and conciliatory bridge, Sunday-school secretary for work policy in dealing with the native people among Moslems, describes a recent visit than was the case two years ago, the to this school: results of which will show the wisdom "The upper floor of a house has been of that policy. At one time some foolish rented, and we found every class-room native enthusiasts in northern Korea full to overflowing with Mohammedan started an uprising which, however, did boys and g;r1s. When this work first not assume formidable proportions and started, the children who came were of was quickly and summarily supprest. the poorest and could not read a line, but recently some very bright boys from AFRICA the government schools have been attend- ing. They also are Moslems, and as Sunday is one of the regular school days, Moslem Woman Defies a Sheikh they came directly from their classes to MRS. S. M. ZWEMER has been con- this Sunday-school. I saw a number of ducting a small school and Sunday- them with their Korans tightly clasped school in a Mohammedan quarter of under their arms listening most intently Cairo. One Sunday when Dr. Zwemer to the lesson, which was from the Book made an address, the room was crowded of Acts', Some of the questions they with children and their parents and answered with quick intelligence, altho friends. they know almost nothing about the Bible The next day one of the leading as yet."

sheikhs of the neighborhood came to in- "Another evidence of interest in Bible

study," writes Mr. Trowbridge, "is found being treasurer of the mission and giving in the Girls' college, Cairo, which is a general oversight to other branches of under the direction of the American the work, devoted a large part of his mISSIOn. Never in the history of the time to work among the "untouchables" college has there been such a demand for or low caste people. the Bible. Moslem, Jew and Christian alike come, saying, 'Please send for a He left in Jullundur two sons ann a Bible for me.' A new Syrian teacher daughter, all in the work of the Missaid that the thing which imprest her sion. As a native of India, Dr. Newton most in this college is that, when she had a perfect command of-the vernacular looks over the crowded room full of and a brother's understanding of the girls at chapel time, she can not tell from hearts of the people. With this equipthe earnest faces which are Moslem, J ew- ment he combined a single-eyed devotion ish or Christian, for all are equally at- to the work of the Gospel, unusual practentive, eager and responsive." tical sense in business and accounts, un- tiring energy, and a spirit of absolute TNecessity the Mother of Invention fidelity to all duty, whether great or HEY were issuing a natural science small. reader from the press of the West Central African Mission. It seemed H8Sir Alexander Simpson of Scotland that such a text-book without any illus- Y the death of Sir Alexander Simptrations would be a tame affair. But son, the Christian Church has lost there were no cuts available. So Dr. one of its truest and most faithful sons. Stokey set himself to make some. A distinguished medical Professor in the Pouring a thin coat of plaster of Paris University of Edinburgh, he put himself over a model, he then carved out the and his professorship at the feet of his figures from pictures found in Web- Lord, and strove as few men in his proster's Unabridged Dictionary. No one fession have striven to make it a handcould mistake "the camel" and "the lion." maid to forward the interest of the King- The ingenuity of our missionaries is dom of God. And God honored him in constantly being witnessed. It is inter- his endeavor. On one occason, when a esting to learn that Dr. Stokey thus delegate to a great medical conference unwittingly repeated the first experi- at Rome, he had St. Luke's Gospel ments of the engravers in making printed in Italian and nicely bound, as a . metal cuts. gift for all his colleagues with the golden letter-press outside, 'A letter from a OBITUARY NOTES good phys·ician.' His home was open to strangers from all countries, but no one Dr. C. B. Newton of India could enter it and not realize how true DR. CHARLES B. NEWTON, for it was of him; 'As for me and my house, we will serve the Lord.' "-Medical Mis- nearly fifty years a missionary of sions. the Presbyterian Board in India, died at Jullundur City, north India, April 11th. Rev. P. H. Moore of Assam Dr. Newton was born in India, nearly seventy-five years ago, son of Dr. John REV. PITT HOLLAND MOORE, Newton, who was one of the first mis- who died in March, in the hospital sionaries of the Board to the Panjab, in Calcutta, in the sixty-third year of his going out in 1834. He spoke fluently age, gave to the Baptist Mission in N ow- Urdu, Panjabi, and Hindi, and was' well gong, Assam, thirty-six full years of read in Sanskrit. During the past twenty- strong, invaluable service, the influence five years Dr. Newton, in addition to of which will go on for the years to come. AND S5ION LANDS Black Sheep. By Jean Kenyon Mackenzie. has branched out into student cmeinssteiros~ Illustrated. 8vo. 313 pp. $1.50, net. into rural districts and into the Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston, 1916. For living interest and literary style fields. One of the most active leaders this is easily the leading missionary book was Miss Grace Dodge, of sainted of the year. Miss Mackenzie, who was for some years a missionary among the memory, who has been succeeded as blacks of West Africa, describes in her delightful home-letters' the daily scenes president of the National Board by Mrs. and experiences that stirred her woman's heart. They give an intimate picture of Robert E. Speer. It is a great work, life in the Kamerun country. One is reminded of Miss Amy Wilson Car- thoroughly organized and efficient in michael's "Things as They Are in India," except that these descriptions are less many lines of work. depressing. Miss Wilson has produced a book, not With a woman's sympathetic touch and keen perception, Miss Mackenzie tells of only valuable as a history of the move- African women's suffering and of little black children's play, of African dancing ment but interesting and full of suggesand feasts, of markets and palavers, of sins and follies, of vaccinating two hun- tions for all workers among young dred and forty people in one day in a church, of hunger for better things, and women. of the missionaries, methods of satisfying such hunger. Mohammed or Christ. By Samuel M. Zwemer. Illustrated. 12mo. 292 pp. There is no better book to place in the $1.50. net. Revell, 1916. hands of an intelligent woman interested Dr. Zwemer is the American apostle in humanity but not in missions. The reading of Miss Mackenzie's experiences to Moslems. His pictures of Islam capis to win converts at home for the work ture the attention, his arguments conabroad. To begin is to finish. vince and his appeals win both recruits and support. His latest volume is a Fifty Years of Association Work Among series of articleS' and addresses on the Moslem situation in various lands–Rus- Young Women. By Elizabeth Wilson. sia, Africa, Arabia; the dying forces of Illustrated. 8vo. 402 pp. $1.35, net. Na- Islam, the stumbling-block of the Cross and the changing attitude of educated tiona! Board of Y. W. C. A New York Moslems. The volume lacks unity and 1916. '",' continuity of thought but it does not lack fire and facts that compel attention. Dr. The Young Women's Christian Asso- Zwemer is up-to-date and reliable in his facts; moreover, he knows no other way of saving Mohammedans than through the living faith in Jesus Christ, the son of God. These fifteen chapters are worth reading more than once.

ciation has had a remarkable history. Leaves From the Log of a Sky Pilot. By Wm. P. Puddefoot. Illustrated. Bvo. Fifty years ago the work was organized $1.00, net. The Pilgrim Press. Boston in Boston and to-day has spread over the 1916. '

world. The Association was founded to If anyone is inclined to think that help self-supporting girls in cities, but it there is less of romance and adventure in home missions than in foreign, he In the Wake of the War Canoe. By should read the life of Mr. Puddefoot, W. H. Collison. Illustrated. 8vo. 352 pp. one of the most picturesque figures of $1.75, net. E. P. Dutton & Co., New the home mission field of the northwest. York, 1916. His thriIIing experiences and encourag- ing success as a "Sky Pilot" stimulate, In his forty-three years among the while the mixture of humor and pathos Indian tribes of British Columbia, Arch- makes this an intensely human document. deacon Collison saw them change from Mr. Puddefoot is a man-a strong man- pagans to a civilized community. He a Christian pioneer, and the story of his followed William Duncan in his work varied career reveals the helIish condi- among the Tsinsheans of old MetIa- tions of many lumber camps, the Her- kahtla and the other tribes of Western culean task that awaited the missionary Canada. The history is full of incidents who entered them, and the power of God and evidences of the power of God. to transform the most degraded and Conflicts with medicine men, unscrupuhopeless men and women. The early lous white-traders and other enemies part of this missionary's life is especially made the archdeacon's life adventurous. stimulating as it was devoted to the The Indians are a picturesque people search for lost men. The latter part of and their customs and traditions are ex- the life has been spent more in seeking ceedingly interesting. One wonders, on to arouse the Churches. laying down the volume, why all the Indians of North America have not yet Was it Worth While. The Life of been evangelized-after nearly three Theodore Storrs Lee. By some friends hundred years of work among them. of his. Illustrated. 12mo. 178 pp. 50 cents net. The Association Press. New Missionary Crusaders. By Claude Fi~ld. York, 1915. Illustrated. 220 pp. $1.00 net. Flemmg H. Revell. 1916. Charles E. Hughes, Republican candidate for President of the United States There is no field of literature of America, writes the foreword and more rich in stories of heroic achievepays his tribute to the noble character ment and adventure than the hishere portrayed. Various friends tell the tory of missionary pioneers. There is story of different periods of his life. here variety 'and self-sacrifice, danger This takes from the unity of the biogra- and daring, exploit and achievement. We phy, but gives variety in viewpoint. read of John Eliot and the American Theodore Storrs Lee was born in Cleve- Indian wars; Hans Egede and the glutland in 1873, and after graduation from tonous Greenlanders; William Duncan Amherst College and Union Seminary, and the Metlakahtia cannibals; Robert went to India as a missionary. His life Moffat and the terrible Africaner; the and character made a profound impres- black Pishop Crowther and the people sion everywhere, for he was a genius of the Niger; Schwartz, the holy apostle and a man of force. His talents were to India, and Dr. Wolff among the brigmany and were put to good account. He ands of Bokhara. These are stories was a personal worker in college, a to captivate boys and to direct their amfriend in need, a hard worker and be- bitions to the life worth Jiving. loved by all. The book is full of incidents that show the young man's human A Hero of the Frontier. Life of Dr. sympathy and Christlikeness. Theodore Pennell for Boys. By Alice M. Pennell. Lee died in 1911 at the early age of Illustrated. 8vo. 209 pp. $100 net. thirty-eight, yet he had made his mark Fleming H. Revell Co. 1916. upon his fellow men. This is the story of the man of whom a British officer in India said: "The pres-

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

ence of Pennell on the frontier is equal guide to a clearer knowledge of the Bible to that of two British regiments." He was a remarkable man with a wonder- and an inspiration to Christlike living. fully stirring history among the fierce and fanatical tribes of the Afghan The arrangement is topical and the frontier. verses are scattered, so that unfortu- This life-story is written for boys, not in a style adapted to very young boys, nately it is not a guide to consecutive but for young men interested in games of other men, in camping out, in contact Bible reading. with wild tribes and in a missionary's adventures. Pennell is a man that it will The Life Abiding and Abounding. By be good for boys to know-and they will W. H. Gri'ffith Thomas, D.D. 12mo. 79 like him. The half-tone illustrations are pp. 40 cents, net. The Acts of the attractive. Apostles. By W. H. Griffith Thomas, D.D. 12mo. 50 cents, net,. The Bible Happy Childhood, the magazine pub- Colportage Association, Chicago, 1915. lished in Shanghai for Chinese children, Two very useful books for missionunder the auspices of the Interdenominational Committee on Christian Literature aries and students of missions. The for Oriental Women and Children, has been so successful that its editor, Mrs. first consists of deeply spiritual Bible Donald MacGillivray, undertook at Christmas time another venture along studies in prayer and meditationsthe same line, and published "A Picture Book for Chinese Children," using some breath and food for the soul. of the cuts from Happy Childhood. The edition of 600 was rapidly sold and an The second contains outline studies in appetite for more Christian reading was whetted by this enterprise. primitive Christianity-very helpful for Carol-A Sweet Lover of Christ: A those who are working in fields where Memoir of a Missionary Child. 12mo. 169 pp. 2s. 6d. Marshall Brothers, Lon- problems are presented like those that don, 1915. Carol lived in India and was an un- faced the early Church. It is an excel- usual child-especialIy in her grasp of lent guide to the study of The Acts. Christian truth and in her earnest interest in the spiritual welfare of others. NEW BOOKS The memoir is composed for the most part of letters delightful, religious but How to Learn a Language. An Exposigirlish letters. Many adults will finq tion of the Phonetic Inductive Method spiritual help from this story of a for Foreign Resident Language Students. triumphant little life. A Direct, Practical, Scientific Way of Mastering Any Foreign Tongue. By The Will of God and A Man's Life Thomas F. Cummings, D.D. 16mo, 90 Work. By Henry B. Wright. 8vo. 280 pp. Author, New York, 1916. pp. 60 cents. Association Press. New York, 1912. Paradoxical Pain. By Robert Maxwell These studies have already helped Harbin, M.D. 12mo. 212 pp. $1.25, net. Sherman, French & Co., Boston, 1916. men and women to discover the will of God in reference to their life work. The Children of the Lighthouse. By They will help others. Arranged as Charles Lincoln White, D.D. Illustrated. daily Bible studies, they are also a helpful 12mo. 84 pp. Cloth 40 cents, net. Paper 25 cents, net. Association Press, 124 E. 28th St., New York, 1916.

Old Spain in New America. By Robert McLean and Grace Petrie Williams. Il- lustrated. 12mo. 161 pp. Cloth, 57 cents. Paper, 35 cents. Association Press, New York, 1916.

Black Sheep. Adventures in West Africa. By Jean Kenyon Mackenzie. Illustrated. 8vo. 313 pp. $1.50, net. Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston, 1916.

South American Neighbors. By Homer C. Stuntz. Illustrated. 12mo. 212 pp. Cloth, 60 cents. Paper, 40 cents. Mis- sionary Education Movement, New York, 1916.

Makers of South America. By Mar- garette Daniels. Cloth, 60 cents. Paper, 40 cents. Missionary Education Move- ment, New York, 1916.

The Land of the Golden Man. By Anita B. Ferris. Cloth, 50 cents. Paper, 30 cents. Missionary Education Movement, New York, 1916.

A Four-Chapter Book on the Two c. A C.hallenge T~ Life Service. By Fred- Americas. By Robert E. Speer. Cloth, enck M. Harns and Joseph Robbins 25 cents, Missionary Education Move- (College Voluntary Study Courses, Sec- ment, New York, 1916. ond Year-Part II). 16mo. 152 Pl'. 50 cents, net. Association Press, New York, The South To-Day. By John M. Moore. 1916. Cloth, 60 cents. Paper, 40 cents. Mis- A City of the Dawn. By Robert Keable. sionary Education Movement, New York, Illustrated. 244 pp. 5s., net. Nisbet, 1916. London, 1915. Advance in the Antilles. By Howard B. Why War? By Frederic C. Howe. $1.50. net.. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, Grose. Cloth, 60 cents. Paper. 40 cents. 1916. Missionary Education Movement, New Selected Quotations on Peace and War. York, 1916. Vith Especial Reference to a Course of Mexico To-Day. By George B. Winton. Lessons on International Peace, a Study Cloth, 60 cents. Paper, 40 cents. Mis- in Christian Fraternity. 8vo. xiii-540 sionary Education Movement, New York, pp. Compiled and Published bv the Com- 1916. mission on Christian Education of the Japan and America. By Carl Crow. $1.50. Federal Council of the Churches of Robert M. McBride. New York, 1916. Christ in America, New York, 1916. Japanese Expansion and American Poli- How To Promote a Revival. By Charles cies. By James Francis Abbot, Ph.D. $1.50. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1916. G. Finney. 5 cents. Providence Revival Committee, Providence, R. I. 1915. The Japanese Crisis. By James A. B. The Spirit of Sisterhood. By Helen Sant- Scherer, Ph.D., LL.D. 75 cents. Fred- myer. 15 pp. 10 cents. National Board erick A. Stokes Co., New York, 1916. of the Y. W. C. A., New York, 1915. Girls of Yesterday and To-day. Histor- Japan, The New World Power. By ical Pictures of Association Life. Pre- Robert P. Porter. With 7 Maps. Ox- pared for use in the J ubilee Year of the ford University Press, New York, 1916. y. W. C. A. 45 pp. 10 cents. National Board of the Y. W. C. A., 1915. Fifty Years' Ministry (1865 – 1915). The Christmas Story. A Gnup of Memories and Musings. By Rev. W. Tableaux. By Jane Taylor Miller. 35 pp. Cuff. 64 pp. 1 shilling, net. Baptist 20 cents. National Board of the Y. W. C. Union Pub. Department, London, 1916. A., 1915. Leaves from the Log of a Sky Pilot. By Indian Thought: Past and Present. By . William G. Puddefoot. 12mo. 200 pp. R. W. Fraser. Illustrated, 339 pp. lOs. 6d., $1.00, net. Pilgrim Press, Boston, 1915. net. Fisher Unwin, London, 1915. A Mechanistic View of War and Peace. By George W. Crile. Edited by Amy F. Non-Christian Religions of the Indian Rowland. Illustrated. 12mo. 104 pp. Empire. Reprinted from the Lay Reader. $1.25, net·. Macmillan Co., N ew York, Second Edition. Is. 6d., net. Lay Reader 1916. Headquarters, London, 1915. In the Wake of the War Canoe. A Stir- Mohammed or Christ? An account of the ring Record of Forty Years' Successful rapid spread of Islam in all parts of the Labor, Peril, and Adventure Among the globe. By S. M. Zwemer, D.D. Illustrated, Savage Indian Tribes of the Pacific 292 Pl'. 5s., net. Seeley Service, London, Coast. and the Piratical Head-hunting Fleming H. Revell, N ew York, 1915. Haidas of the Queen Charlotte Islands, etc. By the Ven. W. H. Collison. Illus- Black and White in the Southern States. trated. 12mo. 352 Pl'. $1.25, net. E. P. A Study of the Race Problem in the Dutton & Co., New York, 1916. United States from a South. African Point of View. By Maurice S. Evans. Devolution in Mission Administration. Map, 299 Pl'. 7s. 6d., net. Longmans, By Daniel -Johnson Fleming, Ph.D. 12mo. London, 1915. 310 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co.. New York, 1916. Some Battle Fields of the Cross. Asia and some Islands of the Southern seas. The Spell of Egypt. By Archie Bell. 12mo. By E. B. Trist. Illustrated, 127 pp. 2s. Illustrated. 366 pp. $2.50, net. Page net. S. P. C. K., London, 1915. Co., Boston, 1916.

Adventures of Missionary Explorers. By PAMPHLETS R. M. A. Ibbotson. Illustrated, 316 Pl'. 2s. 6d., net. Seeley Service, London, 1915. Doubt, or, Practical Suggestions for Those Having Intellectual Difficulties The Soul Winner and Soul Winning. By Regarding the Christian Faith. By Rev. Joseph W. Kemp. Is., net. Oliphants, Sherwood Eddy. 26 Pl'. Association Edinburgh, 1915. Press, New York, 1916.

Boys and Girls I Have Known. By E. Life and What to Live For. By Sher- W. Osborne, D.D. 92 Pl'. 25., net. wood Eddy. 25 pp. Association Press, S. P. C. K., London, 1915. New York, 1916.

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Missionary Knights of the Cross. By John C. Lambert, D.D. 2s. 6d. Seeley Service, London, 1915.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1916

OF THE DYING RELIGIONS OF

MISSIONA~Y FlgES 1. The Philippine Islands have made more progress, intellectually and economically, in the past fifteen years under American rule than in the previous four centuries, eSee page 110.) 2. The fifty thousand students enrolled in the intermediate and secondary schools in the Philippines constitute one of the greatest evangelistic op- portunities in the world to-day. (See page 114.) 3. China is worth winning for Christ rather than to militarism. 'Vith four times the popUlation of the United States she has in the eighteen prov- inces eexclusive of her four great dependencies) an area of one and one-half times the United States, including Alaska. eSee page 91.) 4. The Presbyterian Church in Rio Janeiro has about fourteen hundred mem- bers, who contribute an average of ten dollars each annually for church purposes. eSee page 115.) S. In Tali Fu, Yunnan Province, more converts were recently baptized in one day than had been won in thirty years of early missionary effort.

eSee page 108.) 6. The churches in South America are being drained by the war of their young men, who have returned for military service to Europe, and the problem of self-support is becoming a serious one. (See page 118.) 7. President Yuan Shih Kai has included in the classics, which he is study- ing daily, selections from the "Save-the-World Classic" (the Bible), prepared by a missionary and presented to Yuan at the suggestion of the Chief of Ceremony. (See page 123.) 8. The Buddhist priests in Tibet are so degraded and ignorant, and so closely identified with the home life of the people, that they form the greatest obstacle to Christian missionary effort among Tibetans. (See page 128.) 9. A new plan of city evangelization, which places more responsibility on resident workers, is being inaugurated by Presbyterians in the province of Shantung. (See page 141.) 10. An English missionary society is appealing for volunteers to carryon the work of German missionaries in India. who have been removed by the government from their fields of work. (See page 146.) 11. Representatives of twenty-two different nations. engaged in the work of the China Inland Mission, are finding in their spiritual service for China a bond that keeps them united even in time of war. (See page 149.) 12. Samoan women who are going with their husbands as missionaries to the wild Papuans of New Guinea, where missionaries were eaten by canni- bals only fourteen years ago, are proving not only their missionary zeal but their ability as workers. The image of Confucius in the temple at Chefoo. Shantung. ISSI RE IE Vol. XXXIX, No.2 FEBRUARY, 1916 Vol. XXIX, No.2 Old S….. Nrw Serlel m: ,51 THE PRAY FOR THE PANAMA CONGRESS The Congress will be held in Hotel Congress on Christian Work Tivoli. There will be a frank and in Latin America is to convene friendly discussion of actual condiin Panama February 10th, and about tions in Latin American lands, with three hundred delegates are expected. freedom of speech, so far as it is The difficulties of transportation and Christian in spirit and relates to vital the limited accommodations have facts, but without bigotry or unturned aside many who planned to necessary acidity. It is expected that attend, but the delegates are leading Dr. Robert E. Speer will be Presimen and women of evangelical dent of the Congress, and his preschurches and represent practically all ence in the chair will insure courthe Protestant denominations of North tesy, constructiveness, spirituality, America and sixty-seven missionaries and prayer as characteristic of the and Latin Americans. sessIOns.

The daylight sessions will be de- Among the distinguished delegates voted to the discussion of the Com- from the United States are Dr. and mission reports and the evening ses- Mrs. John R. Mott, Dr. and Mrs. sions to popular meetings, each Lemuel C. Barnes (Baptist), Prof. addrest by one North American and Harlan P. Beach (Yale), Bishop one Latin American. There will also Henry D. Aves (Mexico), Bishop be evening evangelistic meetings in Wm. C. Brown (Virginia), Miss Spanish and English for the benefit Belle H. Bennett (Kentucky), Dr. of the people of the Isthmus-North John W. Butler (Mexico), Dr. S. H. Americans and other residents. Chester (Presbyterian), Dr. E. F.

The editors seek to pre~erve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by eontributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

Cook and Bishop Lambeth (Metho- " B SPIRITUAL AWAKENING IN INDIA dist), Dr. William F. Oldham (New ElYOND all our expectations," York), Mr. and Mrs·. E. E. Olcott says Mr. Sherwood Eddy in a (New York), Dr. John F. Goucher letter, "an awakening in South India (Baltimore), Mr. Wm. N. Hartshorn has already begun. Last year Indian (World's S. S. Ass'n), Dr. Wm. I. Christian friends prayed for the cam- Haven (Bible Society), President H. paign in China and asked, 'Why C. King (Oberlin), Bishop A. W. should we not have a similar awaken- Knight (Tennessee), Dr. Ira Land- ing in India ?' As they faced the reth (Bo~ton), Mr. and Mrs. Joshua terrible difficulties of caste, the op- Levering (Baltimore), Bishop A. S. position of Hinduism, and the need Lloyd (Episcopal Board), Bishop F. of their own churches they felt it was impossible. Finally, the Execu- J. McConnell (Methodist), Dr. A. tive Committee of the South India United Church, with a Christian McLean (Disciples), President C. T. community of 165,000, proposed an Paul (Indianapolis) , Miss Ruth evangelistic campaign in India. This Rouse (World's Christian Student United Church includes all the Chris- Federation), Dr. James 1. Vance tians of the Presbyterian, Congrega- (Nashville), Bishop Luther D. Wil- tional, Dutch Reformed, and Scottish son, and President W. Douglas Mc- churches in one body, and it equals Kenzie (Hartford). There is an in numbers nearly twice the entire equally distinguished list of names Protestant community of all Japan." from Mexico, Cuba, Central and South America. In response to the invitation from this united church Mr. Eddy began Following the close of the Panama a campaign in South India last Oc- Congress, February 20th, five or six tober. After prayer and preparation, deputations will visit various parts of they united in a week of simul- Latin America to carry to the work- taneous evangelism, and when leaders ers the spirit and message of the of the church gathered at Vellore Congress, and to unite them in a for their General Assembly; all were study and plan for cooperation III astonished at what had been accomtheir respective fields. Dr. L. C. plished by the Spirit of God in that Barnes will lead the conference in first week. Mr. H. A. Popley, the San Juan, Porto Rico; Dr. Charles Secretary for the evangelistic cam- L. Thompson that in Havana, Cuba; paign, reported as follows: Dr. A. W. Halsey in South America. As soon as practicable a Mexico con- "A force of 8,288 Christian workference will be convened. ers gave themselves to proclaiming the power of Jesus Christ to build up This is a time for prayer rather a sound and lasting personal and than for criticism. The Congress is national life among the people of for conference, not for legislation, India. These workers preached in and the spirit is one of loyalty to the 3,814 towns and villages of the Tamil highest ideals as set forth by our country to audiences of over 300,000 Lord Jesus Christ. Many differing people, and won 8,503 to a desire to viewpoints will be represented- study the power and teaching of pray that the viewpoint of Christ may prevail.

OF THE

Christ, and 6,422 men and women to workers gathered and an evangelistic a determination to follow Him. A campaign was thoroughly organized. total of 14,925 people were definitely influenced during this one week to At the close of one of the meet- place themselves under the leadership ings a brilliant young Brahman stu- . of Jesus Christ. Thousands more dent surrendered his heart to Christ have been influenced, to some extent, and asked Mr. Eddy to be present at to feel that Christ is indeed the Hope his public baptism. Only at great of India. cost can a man come out from this proud caste-bound Brahman com- "Travancore tells of a demon wor- munity. shiper who deserted his shrine and declared that he would erect a temple In Jaffna, North Ceylon, 1,200 to God in its place. In the North Christians and workers gathered in Tamil field meetings were freely al- their annual meeting. They entered lowed in Hindu temples in caste the campaign, and the work will ex- villages, and the workers were re- tend during the next three years to quested to speak frankly about Christ Ceylon as well as India. During and His salvation. In another place meetings held for three days in the a devil dancer promised on the spot colleges of Jaffna more than sixty to become a Christian. In one of the high-caste Hindu students publicly Telugu churches twenty-eight adults confest Christ. were publicly baptized. In Travancore, at Nagercoil, 400 "In the Church itself the greatest workers gathered for a training con- good is that the laity have been ference, and 1,500 Christians assem- awakened to a sense of their respon- bled every night in the great Church sibility. Every Sunday afternoon to face their responsibility in the immediately after the service the campaign. Mr. Eddy delivered his whole Church goes out to preach the addresses to great congregations of Gospel. The campaign has brought a Christians in a community numbering new vision to the Church and for more than 80,000 in all in this field the first time the higher classes in of South Travancore. These Chris- the Church went and preached the tians are rising in a united evan- Gospel to the poor and deprest." gelistic campaign for the winning of their country for Christ. Already oTRAINING LEADERS IN INDIA one in four of the population of this NE of the most important and native State is a Christian. fruitful features of Mr. Sherwood Eddy's recent campaign in India has "Unmistakably God has begun a been his training conferences for In- mighty work in South India. Only dian Christian workers, conducted in this week I journeyed into distant vil- the six principal centers of South lages far from the railway to see India and Ceylon. After crowded men baptized from three different meetings in Madras, he met 200 workers from all parts of the Telugu castes, who were won in the begin- field. The third center was Erode ning of the campaign. Altho we have in the Tamil district, where 450 not yet succeeded in shaking the large cities or breaking the ranks of the Brahmans in large numbers, the campaign in India bids· fair to sur-

pass that in China in its work in the Christian progress in China can not villages, among the masses and be foretold. It will depend on the among the lower classes. It is al- personnel of the new government.

ready enlisting a larger number of President Yuan is, however, an in- Christian workers than in China, ani telligent man, favorable to religious. more widely affecting the Christian freedom and to Christian work. He Church." has given money freely to the Y. M. C. A., to missionary education, and CHANGES IN CHINA Christian hospitals. As a represen- YUAN SHIH 'KAI, First Presi- tative of the people he has worshiped dent of the RepUblic of China at the temple of heaven, but as president he has called into positions has signified his intention of "accept- of influence many avowed Christian ing" the title and role of Emperor- men. Pray for China and for Yuan he has already exercised the authority Shih Kai. -and on January I, 1916, took his seat temporarily on the imperial FROM KOREA TO CHOSEN throne. The date for his formal as- cension and the complete change back TIMES of transition are always again from republic to empire has times of crisis and often of hard- not yet been announced. ship. Korea is now in transition and The council, supposed to represent the Church and Christians there the people, met on December IIth suffer many hardships. Japan, having and voted unanimously to reestablish taken over the control of the country, the monarchy-but with a constitu- naturally is working to press Korea tion-and asked Yuan Shih Kai to and Koreans into the Japanese mold.

become Emperor. The president de- The ideas of Japan are not Korean dined the request and the next day ideas, nor are the ideals of her rulers issued a second mandate, accepting'· Christian ideals. Many officials lack the position. tact and real brotherliness and do not China is a huge country with an act with consideration. Nevertheless unwieldy, untrained mass of human- the change from Korea to Chosen, ity. A strong central government is from nation to province, seems in- still needed to control them and to evitable, and possibly the sooner it is direct affairs. of State. Yuan is gen- effected the better it will be.

erally acknowledged to be the Japan has made many physical im- strongest man in Chinese public life provements in Chosen-new high- and the people look to him to guide ways, and railroads, new sanitation the ship of state safely through the and civic advancement. Many laws rocks. There are some noble and have been enacted and are enforced intelligent young men among the with much benefit to the people. The officials who have come to the front educational system has been modern- since the Revolution, but there are ized and some moral reforms have not a large enough number of them been instituted. If Japan were a to fill the need. Christian land, with Ohristian ideals The effect of the reversion to a and rulers, there could be only thanks- monarchy upon missionary work and giving for the transition and trans-

formation from a weak and back- have found none. Even in Japan ward nation to a modernized province. proper there is no such law. They Japan is not, however, Christian in also order missions to use a book on aim or methods, and the people- ethics which teaches ancestor wor- especially the Christians in Korea- ship. Most of the mission schools are suffering in consequence. A letter have permits which allow them to just received from a 'Korean corres- continue as at present for ten years, pondent, who was traveling in China, but some, like the Soon Chun schools, gives information which the Japanese are without permits, and may be censor would not have passed. Visi- closed.

tors to Korea see only the outward "On top of all this comes a law and beneficial results of Japanese which says missions must obtain per- rule. Those who live there see the mission from the government every other side. Our correspondent writes: time they want to employ a helper, a "Missionaries in Chosen do not in- colporteur, or a pastor, when they es- terfere in politics, but are sent to tablish a church. One can readily see preach the Gospel, and loyally support what this will involve if a local gov- the nation and rulers that God places ernment official is biased against Chris- over them. Missionaries in Korea tianity. Hiding behind red-tape he exhort church members to follow the may find many opportunities to block precepts of Paul in the thirteenth Christian work.

chapter of Romans. The Japanese "The great hope of Christians is in are straining every nerve to make God. We mu~t pray that the minds the Koreans into Japanese. That too of the administration may be more is no concern of the missionaries, al- favorable toward Christianity, and tho we inwardly feel sorry for the that missionaries and Christians may Koreans. . be given especial wisdom during this "In spite of the real help mission- time of trial."

aries are giving to Japanese, the pres- COOPERATION IN MISSIONS TO ent administration in Chosen apparently feel that Christianity interfere;; W JEWS with their plans for 'Japanizing' the BILE there are in North Koreans. Consequently they are doing America forty-five missionary all in their power to throttle Chris- agencies at work for the conversion tianity without openly persecuting the of the Jews, there is no strong far- church or antagonizing the law that reaching interdenominational society guarantees religious liberty. The conducted for this purpose. There authorities do not say Koreans must are local societies in many cities, not be Christians, but they indirectly denominational work for Jews and do everything possible to prevent the some general agencies for tract and spread of Christianity. Bible distribution,' but in America "The present law saying that re- this great work in g-eneral is carried ligion must not be taught in private on through· indeper. lent and small schools is an example. We have been· organizations. Only two American hunting for an example of such a societies have as many as ten mis- law among the leading nations, but sionaries to Jews.

Great Britain has twenty-eight so- Rev. B. B. Sutcliffe (Chicago), Seccieties, one of which employs 312 retary; Mr. Henry P. Crowell (Chiworkers, one 72, one 68, another 44, cago), Treasurer. another 32, and another 31. The twenty-eight British organizations It is high time that the Christian employ over four times as many Church awoke out of sleep in order missionaries to Jews as do the forty- that they may "buy up the opporfive American societies and have tunity because the days are evil." three times as many mission stations. N ever have the Jews been more har- The London Society for Promoting ried and distrest in Asia and Europe Christianity among the Jews is the than they are to-day. In Poland, largest in the world. The Mildmay Galicia, and in Palestine they are Mission to the Jews comes second. suffering for the very necessaries of The former has forty-six missions life as well as for the friendship of in various parts of the world-the their fellow countrymen. Now is only far-reaching international work the opportunity for Christians to for Israel. show them the real meaning of the love of Christ and His Gospel of At the recent Conference on be- life. half of Israel, held in Chicago (November 18-19), an important WOMEN'S WORK AT HOME step was taken in the formation of an interdenominational committee for "G OD bless the live women and Gospel work in "Behalf of Israel." With the exception of Poland and the dead men of the Church," Russia there is no land where the was the remark of a chairman of a Jews are found in such large num- missionary meeting at which were bers as in North America and no- announced large gifts from women's where is the opportunity so great societies and from men's legacies. for unhampered Christian work among them. At the same time the The women are alive to the best Christians in America seem oblivious both at home and abroad. They are to their duty toward Jews and are always generous, and their books and almost wholly neglecting them. missionary magazines have accom- fllished wonders in extending mis- In 1914 the American Hebrew sionary information and enthusiasm. Christian Alliance was formed to The Federation of Women's Societies unite more closely in fellowship the is also doing much for the advance- Jewish Christians of North America, ment of the cause. and to further the work among their unconverted brethren. Now a new The Council for Women for Home step has been taken to unite Gentiles Missions has recently held its eighth and Jews in the effort to give the annual meeting (January 5th and Gospel to Israel. 6th) in Atlanta, Georgia. All the women's boards, both North and The officers of the new organiza- South, that are represented on the tion are: Mr. W. E. Blackstone, Council, sent delegates. The program Honorary President; Rev. Harris H. was unusually strong and included all Gregg, D.D. (St. Louis), President: phases of Home Mission activity.

Mrs. George W. Coleman was elect- ed president for the coming year.

OF FOREiGN MISSION

1902-1915 $J1.6Q()JJ(JO JJJIJIJ.OOO Jl,504P<'Q() $32,131,234 JI.IQQ. 1100 (1912) JQ.6Q()JOQ J 29.6OD. 000 / Z8.6QaOQO 27.6dO. 000 / '4604000 / """ 1/ Z5.60D.000 _/ 24POD.'.000 Zlloa 000 lliQO.1.000 itt~oy $1 B, 793,990 21.6dO.M0 ZfJ.6Da'OIN. ~sV 19.6OD.000 J8.6QO,a'DO Ct'……..: I'. /, t7 $18,815,939 ITJOD. 000 V / – 16.600. 000 ./ 15.600. ooe . V~OPE J! 14.600.000 —' OF t " , 13MIJ. 000 1// NTlf'{EN1 'I' "- , 1i!lQD.fJ,00 11,600. 000 i · { -=– ,A~D,.CO~ ~– , pll),.••••…..

~'('i:Rr. £~~ar-R1-/1i1t:,O15r1/~~lbrt~8:5(.~.J./~/I~ . J1-'R1ic£A~ . 1D.6(),IJ. 000 !.MOo. 000 — 8.600. 000 fE!!-"" 7.6QQ.000 6.600. 000 I-'" 5.600.0 00 4.604 000 ~600, 000 OTHlR COUNTRIES 51,197,772 ZPOo.o 00 ….II) >1912) 1,6110. (),OO ~ — 6110. 000 This chart is based on the chart prepared by the Home Base Committee of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, The figures are those collected by the M,SSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, with the exception that the figures for America (1912-15) are gathered by the Home Base Committee, The totals for North America and Europe for 1914 are $33,784,550, and for Christendom for 1915 are probably not less than $36,OOO,OOO-including "Other Countries' -EDITOR,

I ~… /'—'" ~'b .,"COMING

I .! ~…- j j '

February Jan. 30th to Feb. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Conv., Newark, N. J.

Jan. 30th to Feb. 2d–Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Billings, Mont. Jan. 30th to Feb. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Conv., Birmingham, Ala. 1st-National Rallies-Jubilee of the Young Women's Christian Association. 1st-The 115th anniversary of the birth of Titus Coan of Hawaii. 2d to 4th, 6th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Atlanta, Ga. 2d to 4th, 6th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Butte, Mont. 6th to 9th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Spokane, Wash. 6th to 9th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Columbus, S. C. 8th-The 115th anniversary of birth of George Dana Boardman of Burma. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Seattle, Wash. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Dayton, Ohio. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Tacoma, Wash. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Greensboro, N. C. 10th to 20th-Congress on Christian Vork in Latin America, Panama. 13th-Reformed Church in U. S. Foreign Missions Conference 13th to 15th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Decatur, Ill. 13th to 16th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Portland, Ore. 13th to 16th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Richmond, Va. 14th-The 85th anniversary of the birth of James Stewart of South Africa. 16th to 18th, 20th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Sacramento, Cal. 16th to 18th, 20th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Davenport, Iowa. 18th-The 135th anniversary of the birth of Henry Martin of India. 20th to 22d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Des Moines, Iowa. 20th to 23d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Lexington, Ky. 20th to 23d-l~aymen's Missionary Movement Conv., San Francisco, Cal. 22d-Pageant to celebrate Jubilee of the Y. W. C. A. 23d to 25th Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Evansville, Ind. 23d to 25th, 27th-Laymeri's Missionary Movement Conv., Nashville, Tenn. 23d to 25th, 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Fresno, Cal. 27th to Mar. 1-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Los Angeles, Cal. 27th to Mar. l-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Indianapolis, Ind. 27th to Mar. l-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Memphis, Tenn.

March bt to 3d, Sth-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Little Rock, Ark. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., San Diego, Cal. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Columbus, Ohio. 3d-50th Birthday Celebration of the Young Women's Christian Association. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, EI Paso, Texas. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Oklahoma, Okla. 7th-The 80th anniversary of the birth of Bishop Thoburn of India. BY REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, TSING TAU, CHINA Mi.~sionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. U. S. A.

N Europe one sees con- riages" and war babies and outraged women and ruined lands and smashed IZI l tinental politics. In ideals and degraded morals, of what- China one is in the ever spiritual power it possest, the un- ~. ~ midst of the seething fittest left to face the vastest prob- ~ maelstrom of world lems; and of China unmilitaristic, politics. Europe has prodded on by injustice, to become long realized that China is the great- a great militaristic nation, to be an est prize politically and commercially on the planet, and is amazed that COMPARATIVE SIZE OF UNITED STATES AND CHINA American business men have so long neglected the greatest future market avenger with fifty miIlion "regulars" in the world. Spain, Portugal, and at her command. For many centuries HoIland each, more than two cen- she has absorbed all conquerors, or turies ago, in the palmy days of their driven them out. "China is a sea maritime supremacies, headed the that salts all that it touches." In the movement to exploit China for their thirteenth century she had a scourge, own advantage. Ever since that time, Jenghiz Khan, before whose conand especiaIly in recent years, the Eu- quests those of Cesar and Napoleon ropean LiIiputians have been trying, pale into insigrlificance, who conwhile they may, to bind the great quered all of Europe west of the con- Asiatic GuIIiver before he wakes. They know that they can never do it after China comes to its own.

China in international politics has been a veritable Banquo's ghost that would not down-a question insistently paramount, dominating all other issues of international politics. Just because of her marvelous potentialities there has been a feeling of dread on the part of Europe, as it viewed this vast inchoate monster looming out of the Far East, a coming power, not auspicious, but portentous.

There is already a vision in Europe of itself, decimated of its best blood and brawn and brains, burdened with incalculable debts, prostrate in its weakness, robbed, through "day mar-

fines of Germany, and all of Asia pean statesmen as Tocqueville and from the frozen north to the Indian James Bryce; such generals and lead- Ocean. Europe has mistaken patience ers of Far Eastern troops as Chinese for cowardice. The Chinese soldier, Gordon and Lord Roberts and W oIse- properly equipped and led, has, ac- ley; such naval experts as Beresford, cording to foreign generals in the Von Tirpitz, and Admirals Fisher Far East, few equals. and Mahan; such Oriental adminis- The astonishing thing is that while trators as Dr. Morrison and Lord the statesmen and rulers of Europe Curzon; Stlch famous diplomats as are hopelessly at variance as to the Anson Burlingame, Count Cassini, S.

future fate of the nations around Wells Williams, and Colonel Denby; about them, there is a marvelous such Chinese advisors as Schurman unanimity as to China being the of Cornell, Adams of Michigan, coming land of towering importance. Goodnow of Johns Hopkins, and Even in his day Napoleon saw this John W. Foster; such missionary future, and laid down this dictum: statesmen as Mott, Speer, J. Camp- "A lion is asleep; do not rouse him. bell White, and A. J. Brown; such When China is awake it will change foreign missionaries as Mar tin, the face of the world." A nearer and Mateer, and Hayes. Indeed, the a better man, "The Golden Rule opinion of these men and a host of Diplomatist," John Hay, that great others-business men, manufacturers, and good friend of China, whose editors, consuls, educators, and mis- spirit of justice and fair play caused sionaries-would be found to bear the Chinese statesmen to admire and out this whole general position as revere him as much as to despise the summed up in a notable argument by muddied diplomatic deals and dealers Professor Reinsch, long special stu- of Europe, is credited with this pre- dent of things Chinese and American scient pronouncement: "The storm- minister at Peking, when he says, center of world politics, despite all "By all signs of the times China is eddies, has moved steadily eastward, destined to become the industrial and from the Holy Roman Empire, on commercial center of the world, and past Rome, past the Balkans, past the Pacific the chief theater of the Constantinople, past the Persian Gulf, world's great events." past India, to China, where it win remain, and whoever understands Now what are these elements that China socially, economically, politi- enter in to make such a future incally, religiously, has a key to world here in China, constituting China the politics for the next five centuries." grandest opportunity on the globe, £ommercially, politically, and religi- A great galaxy of men, looking at ously, an opportunity supremely that land out of every nation and worth while to be cultivated, which from every angle of their specialties, cause men to dare make such statestudents of the Far East, are of this conviction. We· see this in the ut- ments with regard to China? There terances of such American statesmen are several known potentialities of as Henry Clay, Thomas H. Benton, China which make men confident of and William F. Seward; such Euro- her tremendous future:

CHINA: THE COMING POWER

The Geographical Location able globe. They cover as much area I. Her location, in what Gladstone as Europe, one and one-half times called "the zone of power," where all the size of the United States plus masterful races have dwelt. She has Alaska; and these eighteen provinces every variety of climate, with the are less in size than the four fringed richest soil, vast mountain ranges dependencies: Manchuria, Mongolia, from which dash great cascades, East Turkestan, and Tibet. Lord Bal- transformable, like Niagara, into four has said: "No nation can be per- future electric and industrial power. manently great without an adequate S. E. Little, the geographical expert physical basis· of empire," that is, on China, says that no land can without land enough. China has that compare with China in the extent of basis. All the great nations of Chris- its waterways, a network of canals tendom excuse all the ungodliness as vast as cheap, uniting many sec- that they have ungodly done against tions of the land. There are four small states on their continent and thousand miles of sea coast, with against heathen folk and backward many and great harbors, such as nations in the Orient because of their that of Tsingtau, which port the attempt to conform to that law of Germans planned to make the New success. Because of it in the last few York of the Pacific, and capable of decades Christian Europe has stolen holding the navies of the world. ten-twelfths of Africa; practically all The water system of the Yangtse of the islands of the sea are theirs; alone is greater than the Mississippi they took them; and all of the vastest system. of continents, Asia, where dwell two- Hundreds of miles inland stands thirds of the human race, also in con- one of the great ancient capitals on formity to this law they have taken the banks of the Yangtse. What -all except Japan and China, from would England not give to-day for which latter they have already carved such a capital, as Germany plans to huge slices.

hurl her armies into London? With 3. "Population," as the veteran 680 miles between it and the sea it China missionary statesman, Dr. W .

. would be harder to take than Con- M. Hayes, once said, "is to a nation stantinople. .what cells are to a battery. The elec- Did the all-wise God have in mind tric motive power depends on the some vast plan when He set this race number of them." .Assuredly China within its own borders, a race four has the cells. Too long have Ameri- thousand years young, more virile cans, with their pin-hole parish con- than in its beginnings, surrounded ception of the missionary enterprise, by the frozen steppes on the north, closed their eyes to the impinging of with the vastest of all mountain this great race upon the world.

chains to the west and southwest, Professor H. A. Giles, of Cam- and the wildest of all oceans in front bridge University, one of the greatest of it? living sinologs, says that if all the The Territory and Population Chinese in the world were to pass by 2. The eighteen provinces of China a given point, befor.e the last one of constitute one-tenth of the inhabii:- the present generation could pass

that point a new generation would the southwest, alone has some seventy have grown up to have taken their million people.

places, and so the procession would march on forever. Natural Resources In this world-war, the most colos- 4· China's natural resources can sal, the most costly in men and money scarcely be exaggerated. They are that the earth has ever seen, the untouched, unparalleled, incalculable.

question of men is of supreme im- Everyone of these great provinces of portance. Already the warring na- China is rich in the most necessary tions of Christendom have lost some oils and ores and minerals. One of six million men, and it is estimated the keys to understand the reason that at the present rate of fighting all why the great nations of Christendom the men of Europe able to bear arms have repeatedly taken China by the (some 28 million) will either be im- throat and shaken her for every sort prisoned or crippled or rotting under of concession-mining, railroading, the sod by the end of 1918. It be- oil fields, territory, harbors-is the comes a very pertinent consideration, natural resources of China. If any therefore, that nations ultimately fail will study the reports of the expert for lack of men. geological commissions of the great Athens and Sparta, struggling for European governments in China, he the hegemony of the states of will find out very soon why they have Greece, both ultimately failed for lack been so eager to thrust themselves in.

of men. The medieval city repub- Geologists say that most of the lics, Pisa, Genoa, and Florence, in min era I fields of the world are their rivalry for the leadership of mapped, many of them are exhausted the Italian states, failed for lack of or nearing exhaustion, particularly so men. Holland, possessing sea supre- in Europe. Moreover, geologists af- macy, was unable to hold it over firm, as voiced in a notable article by England for lack of men. All the the late Professor N. S. Shaler, that leaders and rulers of Europe are cry- the industrial age of the present and ing out to-day in agony in the lan- future depends absolutely on these guage of the King of Montenegro, natural resources. The business of "Oh, if I only had the men." China the world would collapse at once has the men. The United States has were the flow of these resources to eighteen states, the population of each cease. It is axiomatic that this pres- one of which is less than the popu- ent and the future age are built on lation of each of many of China's the pillars of iron and coal and cop- 1,700 great and ancient walled cities. per and gold. Germany to-day fears According to the latest statistics, vastly more the shortage of copper China's popUlation is greater than and oil than many army corps of her that of all the nations at war, ex- enemies. That is why she is sedu- cepting Russia, India, and Japan- lously picking the brass hinges and plus their dependencies and colonies, knobs and trimming off from the plus twenty of the most interested doors in conquered Belgium, France, and prominent neutral nations. The and Poland, why her children are single province of Szechuan, far to scraping together every brass boiler-

CHINA: THE COMING POWER

bottom and kettle, why an army of Japan has schemed to get posses- miners has followed the progress of sion of these great mines of China, her armies as they approached any especially the Han Yie Ping, near section that contained these riches of Hanyang, 680 miles up the Yangtze the subterranean depths. River. Here, as in many other places, The report of the German geologi- the coal and iron occur together.

cal expert, Baron Von Richtofen, on Japan now has a regular entrenched the mineral wealth of Shantung and camp and barracks of Japanese sol- Shansi Provinces, was unbelievable, diers watching over these mines. The and so the government sent out a Chinese are here turning out pig iron, commission to check him up. Their shipping it hundreds of miles down report is a key to why Germany went the Yangtze River to Shanghai, and into Shantung, with its wonderful across the Pacific to San Francisco, harbor on its eastern coast, with more from there to Chicago, and laying it than forty million people in the prov- down on the Chicago market for less ince, and a vast hinterland with all than it can be laid down from Pitts- its products and natural resources to burgh to Chicago. This is an earnest feed through the great port of Tsing- of the market that the Chinese have tau. The Province of Shantung is already developed in many South rich in coal and iron and gold. In American countries, in Japan, and in Shansi, 419,000 square miles of the Asian states.

best quality of Pennsylvania anthra- Forests, Furs, and Fish cite have already been mapped, with corresponding immense quantities of Altho we speak of China as being bituminous coal. The vein of the an- a treeless country, yet in Manchuria thracite averages thirty-one feet are vast forests from which millions thick. Much of it is on the surface, of feet may be cut every year, and which the Chinese as yet, because of without detriment to the forests, if their fear of earthen dragons, have they are scientifically attended to.

scarcely scratched. The same holds in the Yalu River Along the frontier of Yunnan district, between Manchuria and Province, which for hundreds of Korea. And, incidentally, these vast miles is coterminous with the Burma timber preserves are important ele- boundary, one could find incalculably ments in the rivalry of Russia and great stores of coal and iron and Japan.

gold and copper. Most of the prov- How many American readers inces have at least fifteen of the know half a dozen important facts most necessary oils and ores and about the Amur River and its tribu- minerals. taries – a vast system of streams Chinese have sustained themselves thousands of miles long, richly all these centuries as farmers by in- stocked with fish, in whose regions tensive cultivation of small garden the most valuable sort of fur-bear- 'plots. Now they are just beginning ing animals are trapped, and which to enter upon the great industrial waters a vast domain, the Asian stage of the future. equivalent of Canada?

Chinese Characteristics ve10us adaptability of the Chinese: 5. Most remarkable of all are the "As a serpent without hands climbs race characteristics of the· Chinese. with the monkey, without fins swims John R. Mott affirms that of the with the fish, without legs runs with thirty nations whom he has visited the panther, so the Chinese, by his and studied, the Chinese have imprest marvelous adaptability, competes with him most of all, combining, as they all races in all lands, takes half a do, all the elements of the conquer- chance that other men despise, and ing, freedom-loving Anglo-Saxon wins." The Chinese is the supreme race-patience, industry, frugality, colonizer. He has more people in steadiness, endurance, cheerfulness, various lands of the Far East than physical virility, fecundity, homoge- are native to those lands. He owns neity, adaptability, mentality. the great hangs and banks, steamship It is of some consequence to the lines and mercantile houses. He has rest of the world that the Chinese is the supreme quality of adaptability.

at home in all climates, can compete He is more acceptable to the largest successfully with the denizens of the variety of women than any other frozen north and the peoples of the man-that is to say, he marries torrid south. As a soldier he re- through the largest number of races; quires less food and will stand more and he energizes every race that he hardships than any other. Four gen- touches.

erations of Chinese are born to our One of the great characteristics of three. Na other race has ever been the Chinese is his power to hang on able to mold the Jew into itself. A part in the presence of seemingly hopeless of the dispersion of the ten Israelitish conditions. As the saying is in the tribes that wandered eastward Far East: "He can live longer on a into that section of China which is copper cash (a coin with a square called Kai Feng Fu and settled there hole in the center and worth one- has become Chinese. No other race fortieth of an American cent)' than has ever, so far, solved the Moham- any other human, and when the cash medan problem, Russia has forty is gone he can live off the hole." This millions of Mohammedans in Central power to endure is only another way Asia. France has sixty million in of referring to him as illustrating Africa. England has eighty million the law of the survival of the fittest, in India. Tho England is a past and explains why he continues to master of subject races, even she can exist with ever-increasing virility do nothing with her Mohammedans while all his ancient contemporaries in the way of amalgamation with have gone ·into mournful oblivion. It other races. As troops, they must is significant to note that those an- have special diet, special food, special cient contemporaries were militaristic, clothing, special wages, ceremonials. armed to the teeth. For instance, the In western China there are millions powerful Egyptians and the Hittites of Mohammedans who have all been fought each other to a standstill, such molded into Chinese. as one seems to see to-day in Flan- There is a famous saying in the ders and northern France, and then Far East with regard to the mar- disappeared out of history. The Chi-

16] CHINA: THE COMING POWER

nese hangs on whichever way he dro11s of water, and like hideous function s, whether in athletics or methods of torture. school life, or in religion. The Chineae Civilization Christian Chinese boys, in the first generation out of heathenism, trained There is 110 space to speak in dein the primary schools of the mud tail of the great civilization of the villages by their missionary friends, Chinese, the solidity, the diversity, in a land where athletics are despised, have gone to the recent far eastern YUAN' SHIH-KAt Olympic games at Manila and there competed against Americans and Eng- Wbo bas signified his purpose to be Emperor of lishmen and Europeans, and won! China and has taken his seat upon the imperial These Chinese boys, out of the first tbrone. (The coronation has not yet taken place) generation of heathenism, trained in mission schools, are continually going the antiquity of it, nor to show in deto strange lands and studying in a tail how when our ancestors, before foreign tongue in universities of those the Gospel was brought to them by lands, and are becoming honor men, the missionaries, were reeking in taking first prize. When President barbarism, the Chinese were highly Eliot was asked how the forty-seven cultured; that when Chinese mer- Chinese boys studying in Harvard chants, drest in elegant brocaded silk compared with the American stu- and satin robes, were sending their dents, he replied that he would have caravans straight westward across the to search through all the hundreds of Asian deserts to trade with ancient American boys to find their equals. Rome, our ancestors were savages clad in skins of wild animals. While An example of how the Chinese functions religiously was the Boxer war. In the dreadful Boxer days they refuted the lie of the unchristian globe-trotter when in the Province of Chili these peasants, the first generation out of heathenism, laid down their lives, more than twenty thousand of them, rather than deny the Jesus God. Recanting was made easy. All they had to do was to bow before the idols or mutter an incantation before an incense stick, or draw a cross on the ground and spit on it. They knew that death would be accompanied by tortures unspeakable, such as the Ling Chi, the death of a thousand cuts, the cutting off of ears and noses, the gouging out of eyes and heart, boiling in great caul-

our English forebears were offering forebears of the Lords of the British human victims taken in war to their Admiralty were hugging the shore- cruel Druidic gods in the recesses of line in willow-woven canoes, the Chi- their oak forests, Chinese emperors nese were guiding their big junks were uttering prayers of singular straight out to sea.

beauty and majesty to Shang Ti, the John W. Foster, our greatest au- one true god; an army of scholars thority on international law, long ad- were making an encyclopedia of hu- viser of the Chinese government, says man knowledge that filled hundreds that in view of their history and of volumes; students were competing achievements no nation, ancient or in civil-service examinations for posi- modern, has stronger claims to be tions of governmental preferment. called a great people, than the Chi- While our Scotch ancestors were nese.

dwelling in caves, eating not only raw In view of all the foregoing, it may flesh, but human flesh, the Chinese, well be understood that Europe and elegant epicures, dwelt in walled cit- Japan believe what Lord Beresford ies, centers of administration, pos- years ago is reported to have said: sessing in their princely homes ele- "Whoever shall find a way t0' domi- gant Cloisonne, bronzes, bric-a-brac, nate China, whether through conces- gardens of many varieties of shrub- sions or by trade supremacy, or by bery and chrysanthemums; the i r force of arms, will find a way to poets, already thirteen centuries old, master the world more completely were writing graceful odes on the than did Rome in her day."

brevity of life and chanting the vir- The Issues at Stake tues of their heroes. Long before our Teutonic ancestors, clad in skins So vast are the issues at stake in of wild animals, were sliding on China for the future that after this their shields down the Italian Alps to war, if the Triple Entente wins, Rus- ravish and decimate and loot and de- sia pressing from the north through stroy all that fair Italy had gathered Mongolia, and England pressing from of the ancient classical civilization; the south through Tibet, will be keen long before they conceived of the rivals for the greatest plum in the idea of the Witenagemot, the council trade world; and Russia and Japan, of freemen, the boasted beginning of keenest rivals despite the present our Anglo-Saxon liberties and of the hypocritical alliance, will continue to ancient town meeting, the Chinese plan war to the knife and the knife to democrats, then as to-day, had a sys- the hilt until one beats down the tem of local self-government adminis- other. If the Dual Alliance wins, tered by village elders chosen for China again will be the great source their fitness. of disturbance, will be the great prize The Chinese invented the printing- for which the Teutons will press type and had great libraries of his- Japan, for the Teutons have served tory, philosophy, ethics, morals, and notice in many forms, "Woe to thee, poetry centuries before Gutenberg Nippon!"

and Caxton were born. They also in- But there are vaster issues even vented the compass, and when the . than all these involved in the future

CHINA: THE COMING POWER

rise of China. Christendom, by its An appalling element of the whole unchristian acts, its attitude of iron- situation is that Christendom, by its heartedness directed against the militaristic policy, has driven the Chi- Orient, and especially toward China, nese to feel that they must base their has caused this great land to seethe safety on militarism, and the amazwith discontent, with an aroused dis- ing spectacle is now seen, contrary to trust and hatred of all these West- the teaching of all the classics, of ern powers. It believes in the disin- Yuan Shih Kai, the President, writing terested friendship of none of them a poem which is now being sent all save alone, possibly, that of the Uni- over China, and taught to the army, ted States. The genius of China is on the glory and the honor of being peaceful. Tho having conquered in a soldier! many wars, China does not look upon itself as a warring nation. Its pride Europe will have only itself to is in its scholars and its sages. It has thank if it causes to develop and to always put the scholar first in the so- emerge from the Far East a vast and cial scale as the molder of the ideals soulless heathen militaristic machine of the people; the farmer second in a able and eager to trample it into social scale as the preserver of the rum. necessities of the physical life; the soldier lowest in the social scale be- Will the United States learn the cause, as the Chinese says, he is a lesson in time, and show the Chinese taker of life. The Chinese say it is what it means to be a big brother, as idiocy to kill a man because you over against what China has been exhave a difference of opinion with periencing of the outrages upon her him, for to kill him settles nothing. of big brigands? If China is not The genius of the Chinese race is evangelized it is possible for her to for peace. In a quarrel they get to- paganize and ruin us. And the gether through a middleman, a peace- American Protestant Church, by the maker. Each concedes something, catastrophe of this world-war, is on and an agreement is arrived at. "Live trial, as never before, not only for and let live." evangelizing China, but, in the man- ful facing of that problem, the sav- ing of its very life.

President Woodrow Wilson, while addressing recently a gathering of ministers, uttered the following strong words about the missionary enterprises in China: When I hear men pleading for the means to introd~ce Christianity into a part of the world now for the first time wakening to the possibilities of the power that lies latent in it, I wonder if it is possible that the imaginations of Christian people will fail to take fire.

This is the most amazing and inspiring vis,ion-this vision of that great sleeping nation suddenly awakened by the voice of Christ. Could there be any greater contribution to the future momentum of the moral forces of the world than could be made by quickening this force, which is being set afoot in China? China is at present inchoate; as a nation it is a congeries of parts, in each of which there is energy; but which are unbound in any essential and active unit, and just as soon as its unity comes, its power will come in the world. Should we not see that the parts are fructified by the teachings of Christ?

Facts About China

the people in China in Leading Chinese affirm that while they rank, joining hands, and are Confucianists, they regard Chris- they will girdle the globe tianity as the chief hope for China. ten times at the equator with living, beating hu- Every great upheaval in China has, man hearts. under the overruling providence of God, Every third child born into the world, been followed by the wider opening of looks into the face of a Chinese mother; doors for the preaching of the Gospel. every third pair given in marriage, plight their troth in a Chinese cup of wine; A province in Manchuria with 1,500, every third orphan weeping through the 000 has only one missionary. In Monday, every third widow wailing through golia 2,000,000 have none. Outer Karan the watches of the night, is in China; province has none. Tibet has 6,000,000 every third person who dies is a Chinese. 1,557 of the 3,033 walled cities of China with none. have as yet no resident missionary. In China there are 2,955 Christian con- Tens of thousands of towns and villages have no center of Gospel light. No gregations, 548 ordained Chinese pastors, province is adequately worked. 5,364 unordained workers, and 470,000 Only one Chines'e man in a hundred, connected with evangelical churches. taking the empire through, can read, and still fewer can write a letter. Of the From some 15 of the most important women, not more than one in a thou- theological schools in China it appears sand can read or write. that during the past year about 450 The Chinese government reports more men have been engaged in preparation than 40,000 schools under its control, for the ministry. These figures are sigand has primary and intermediate grades nificant, because it is upon the Chinese in every province, with total enrolment preachers that the ultimate success of of 1,500,000 students. The mission the country's evangelization depends. schools are said to be far ahead in quality of teaching, and 75 percent. of the Two years ago Bible study in Tientsin text-books used in the government was practically unknown in government schools were prepared by Christians or institutions. Three months after the under Christian supervision. Eddy meetings, out of 545 who had signed cards, 430, or 80 per cent. were studying in 54 Bible classes in the gov- ernment schools, in the Young Men's Christian Associations, and m the churches.

CHINA-OLD AND NEW Old China had an obsolete system of New China has a passion for modern education. education. Old China built pagodas to Buddha. New China builds school houses for Old China traveled by wheelbarrow youth. New China travels by steam and elec- and chair. tricity.

Old China did nothing for centuries New China would do everything up- but hold on. to-date.

Now is our time to help mold China for Christ.

T. Washington, Servant

His Fellow Men – A NEGRO'S VIEW OF THE NEGRO LEADER BY CLEMENT RICHARDSON, TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALABAMA OOKER T. WASH- multiplied his labors in his- efforts 11B1 INGTON'S watchword was "service." He was to bring hope and comfort to the an emancipator to the poor of his race and in pleading toiler in the ditch and their cause before the world, until his arteries hardened and his heart to the woman at the ceased to beat at the age of 56.

washtub. He died in Tuskegee Sun- Those who lived near him, who lent day morning, November IS, 1915. He their energies to lighten his burdens,

TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE AS IT WAS TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO think of him, not as dead, but simply stoop as you go through it and you as on a long campaign to enlist aid, will save yourself many a hard to feed 1,500 black boys and girls, thump." Many have blamed Mr. and to provide them with heat, light, Washington for not condemning and means of education. To many, more loudly the outrages against his seen at a distance, Booker T. Wash- race. To have done so at the time ington seemed a good deal of a would have blasted the work he was wizard. To those nearer, he appear- doing. Day by day white men tirove ed as a humble worker, full of native by the institution and snarled. When common sense, with an eye for the the first building was going up at things at hand and with a great Tuskegee, some twenty odd years capacity for hard work. ago, certain men would drive by and make it a point to turn their heads Pitching his tent on a barren spot the other way. They doubted the sinin Alabama, this man, in thirty-five cerity of the enterprise and the adyears, built a million dollar institu- visability of educating Negroes. Dr. tion. How did he accomplish it all? Washington continued quietly and In the first place, he never thought in humbly to do his work. The other terms of failure. He planned care- day at his funeral many of these same fully, read his Bible, prayed in secret, men bent in sorrow over his body, in and then went forth armed from tip company with the boys and girls to toe with confidence in his cause. whose education they had opposed and condemned. In raising $56,000 for current expenses, in putting up new buildings, Booker T. Washington never alin establishing a water system at lowed himself to be humiliated. His Tuskegee Institute, in orgamzmg motto was, "No man shall drag me farmers' conferences, Negro Business down by making me hate him." How Leagues, and in touring states, he often have I seen him move audiences never expected failure and he very with a bit of an anecdote like the folseldom accepted it. lowing: "When I was a boy, I used to love to fight. I loved to get an- Yet with all his success Booker T. other boy down in a ditch and pound Washington remained humble. "My him and pound him. But I soon lad," said Dr. Cotton Mather to Ben- learned that I could not hold him jamin Franklin, "you are young and the world is before you; learn to

BOOKER T

down without remaining in the ditch nips, a sweet potato, an ear of corn myself." and say, "Here's what it means. A man with 500 bushels of the earth's His fixt principles were early im- sweet potatoes is worth $500 of the planted in him from the Bible, of earth's riches." which he was a close student. No matter where he was, he spent a half The farmer would see the point and hour every day reading and meditating the next year would come back with upon the Word of God; and over his more of the earth's riches. body the minister read out of the Bible, which one of his teachers gave His text to men to keep out of him when he was a student at Hamp- debt was, "To him that hath shall ton, and from which all these years be given." he had gained daily food for strength. Most of his addresses in the South Another great principle of Scripwere made to the masses of his ture that he must have absorbed was people, and his talks were usually drawn from the vision of Peter, and based upon Scripture. Tho his ser- the words from heaven: "Call nothmons were not theological, his exi- ing common or unclean." No topic gesis was so unique, and so reason- to him was too commonplace, no able, that it imprest the lessons never work despicable. He looked to the to be forgotten. need only. Who is there that can forget the lesson of the toothbrush, One of his favorite texts in speak- of putting on a nightgown, of taking ing to Negro farmers was "The the old pillow out of the window and earth is full of Thy riches." He putting in a pane, of nailing up the would begin by asking what it meant. fence, of putting. the gate on the Then he would seize a bundle of tur- hinge?

He went a step further and TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE AS IT WAS ON COMMENCEMENT SUNDAY, 1915

preached the need of beautiful sur- the truth of his doctrine. Last April roundings. He added to repairs the it was my privilege to accompany use of whitewash and of paint, of him on his educational tour of flowers, of pictures, of trees, of good ulUisiana. At every place all wished clothes, but without show or osten- to stop him, to shake his hands, to tation. Own your house and farm thank him either for the good he if possible, or failing this, build up, had done them personally or for the repair, and beautify wherever you general good he was doing the are. Thus you will be of service to South. the owner of the property and better fill your place as a worthy and pro- At Alexandria, La., people crowded gressive citizen. about the train, almost stopping its progress. Three of us shouldered Missionaries say that they can our way to the ground, clasped hands best reach the poor natives of foreign and began a fight to the stand on lands after these folk have been fed which he was to speak, about a half and clothed. This was the theory block away. We bucked, we shoulof Booker T. Washington. Correct- dered, cajoled and begged. Behind ing one's surroundings, and beautify- us a small squad of police suring premises were to him processes of rounded Mr. Washington and led Christianity. Moreover, these acts him to the platform. In five ,minlaid the foundation of a broader life utes that solid mass of faces grew of usefulness. He felt that men attentive, then uproarious, then atcould not be whole-hearted Christians tentive, then mobile, then flushed when their clothes were out of with enthusiasm. When it was over shape, and when they were loaded the police squad led him away to a with debts. He often summed it up spot which looked deserted. By the to the Tuskegee students in those time they had put him in an autonever-to-be-forgotten Sunday eve- mobile the crowd had surged about ning Chapel talks with, "I don't see and 10! there was another blockade. how a man can be a good Christian with one suspender on, or with his But, in spite of all this flattery, shoes all dowl1 at the heels." from the best black men, from gov- ernors, from judges, even from As a Public Orator kings and princes in foreign lands, he was never spoiled for the small Orators who draw great crowds audiences. He would plunge into often become spoiled, so that they his message before a cluster of farmcan not arouse enthusiasm to speak ers by the roadside with the same to the two or three. Few men have abandon with which he swayed addrest larger, more enthusiastic: whole multitudes. He was moved audiences than has Dr. Washington. from within by his message, not by For him cities have declared holi- the size of his audiences. The fact days, and railroads have changed is, while he gloried in the great their schedules, that all might hear crowds, he enjoyed going back to the his words. Rich and poor prest rude little churches, to the lonely in to hear what he said and to attest schoolhouses in Macon County, where his school is, and having his

T. WASHINGTON l03

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON SPEAKING DURING THE LOUISIANA TOUR OF 1915 say just as he had done 20 years taurant, in the back of a grocery back. store. The floor of this hostelry was Mother Earth. The dinner was As he accepted any condition with boiled collards and peas and some audiences, so he did with food and of the old lady's home-made pickles, lodging. Noone will soon forget which were put on in his honor. He the tempest caused by his dining with was as much at home,. as happy and Mr. Roosevelt in the 'Vhite House, as courteous, as if he had been in the and with Mr. John Wan:l111aker. White House or sitting at table op- About a year ago, I sat (!;)wn with posite a millionaire. him to dine in a poor woman's res-

He frequently made local tours in failure a disadvantage. Had he done the interval of a trip to the North, or so, he would have addrest few audi- of more extended journeys into other ences in the South. He invariably . states. These tours were the result had an audience of two races, whose of a sort of cry from Macedonia. interests were common, but the dif- After one of his addresses the ap- ference of whose color kept them peal would come from Missi~sippi, at great odds, now, not so great, from Florida, Louisiana, from the thank God! because of his words. Carolinas, from all states where These two races sat there looking Negroes are in large numbers-ex- him in the face-eager, hungry, but cept perhaps Georgia. An organ- each very curious to see what ad- ization, usually the state business vice he would give the other. The league which he himself had been black folk with pride claimed him instrumental in starting, assumed the as their most precious gift. The financial responsibilities. Then town whites sometimes wanted to argue and city business leagues contributed the mixture of blood. His task was so much pro rata. Dr. Washington to weld· these factions, to supplant never allowed a charge for admis- jealousy, misgiving, race antipathy, sion. Sometimes speculators would with a spirit of friendliness and help- slip around and sell tickets, but as fulness toward each other. soon as he heard of it he would stop the thing, even if he had to threaten It was a tremendous and delicate to cancel his engagement. Nearer task. Any moment, with any audi- home he bore all the expense him- ence he might make a slip and set self, or through funds given him. pandemonium agog. Any undue re- Sometimes a special car would be buke of his own race, any over-as- leased and arrangements made with sertion of rights to the whites, and railroads to drop and take on this his very life would have been in car at given points. danger. Yet he said what was needed, and saict it in such a way Now he spoke to from two thou- that men saw the injustice or the sand to five thousand people at nine absurdity of their acts and repented. o'clock in the morning, to an audi- When he wanted to criticise Georgia ence of like size at noon, to another before a mixed audience in Atlanta at 2 or 3 o'clock, to another at night. for spending about ten dollars per The speeches were from an hour to capita on educating white children two hours in length, and he gave all and $1.67 on Negroes, he told them there was of him to the task. Eager that such a distribution argued more faces looked up into his, hungry for natural superiority of his race than Lhe message, and aisles were packed his modesty would allow him to ac- Voices outside were clamoring for cept. When in Birmingham, Ala., he admission, faces were prest against sought to go upstairs in a large office windows, and the world was ex- building and found that the only pecting great things of him. elevator for his race was marked "For Negroes and freight," he said Life on these trips was not easy to the audience, "My friends, that's or without great hardships. Booker mighty discouraging to a colored T. Washington never considered even

T. WASHINGTON

man." They saw the justice of it, tion from contact. Only from meetand the white men, several hundred ing men and discussing freely probstrong, were heard to say, "that's lems common to all, he argued, could right." a clear and friendly relation be es- tablished. How often did he ex- Sometimes on these trips he had claim to audiences all over the South, hard experiences. During a tour "My friends, the best people of each through Florida a mob broke out race never meet. My race comes near him and sought to seize a Negro in contact with the antagonistic memin the jail and lynch him. In Mis- bers of your race, and your race sissippi, during his tour of that state judges us by the type of Negroes they hanged two black men on trees HOW THE NEGRO WASHINGTON INFLUENCED THE NEGRO CROWD Forty carloads of out-of-town people listening to Dr_ Washington at Mo und Bayou, M ississippi near the railroad, apparently that he you get in the courts. Is that just?" might be sure to see them. But he Probably the harshest crhlClsm saw them only with the outward eye. What he really thought of such ever launched against him arose from deeds, how they really affected him, the position he took toward the the· world will know only in part. Negro in politics. Those who In all such cases he attributed the launched this criticism, said flatly violence to ignorance in general, and that he did not want the Negro to to the race's ignorance of each other. vote. They knew not the man_ His panacea for it all was education, Booker Washington was a man of education, education from books, but tremendous faith in the final justice also, and more emphatically, educa- of God and of his fellow men. He saw that, taken for all and all, the

Negro was none too well fitted for eration is a man to serve, the one the ballot. This was so in intelli- which has passed and needs no servgence, in property holding and be- ice, or the one to come whose needs cause of the Negro's prejudices on he does not know? the one hand and those of the white man on the other. What he wanted Booker Washington's adjustment and wore his life out to attain was to the political and racial conditions that the Negro should lay the foun- of the South is the price he paid dation of citizenship first. After for the existence and service of Tuskegee Institute, and for his own PhotOgraDh by the American ,press ASSociation life and service in the South during MAJOR ROBERT R. MOTON the last thirty years. The white people had to get used to Negro Successor to Booker T. Washington as Principal schools and educated colored people. of Tuskegee Institute. Major Moton is a full- They would never have tolerated a Negro school which took for its blooded negro and was born in 1867. propaganda Negro political rights and social justice, no matter how fair this is done, he believed that the that stand might be. Surely in all black man would, through the jus- this Dr. Washington put himself out tice of God and man, come into his of the question, for his talents, his right as a voter. He thought this to be ability to choose and' keep men in ir,evitable. Moreover, as an apostle line, would have made him early one of peace, he was almost forced to of the great political factors of the such a stand, whether his conviction nation. so dictated or not. About the polls were continual riot and bloodshed, "Men tell me," he used to say, sometimes leading to the expulsion "that I have been very fortunate, of large numbers of his race from very successful in life. If that is localities. In this some say he was so, it has depended upon my getting a time-server. Be it so. What gen- other people to do things." In a sense this was the great secret-one sense only, for he was possest with a zeal for work. Certainly it was the secret of his abandon to any great undertaking. He chose men wisely, men who would cheerfully lay down their lives for the cause, and when he went forth he did so with the confidence that affairs at the school, valued tho they were at nearly two million dollars, would be safe and well conducted.

It must be kept in mind; that in addition to educating Negro boys and girls, Booker T. Washington was engaged in demonstrating a bigger and more intricate proposition. It

was that Negroes could do things to whom he submitted all his books, themselves, that they could be his articles, his speeches, his plans, trusted, that they could work one for scrutiny, who sat at his side on with another without more than the the platforms, gave him names of average friction among men. That people and whispered suggestions. he reached the place where he could Indeed, the world will never know leave this immense plant for months just how much of the work of later at a time is a pretty fair demon- years was Scott's and how much stration of this proposition. was Dr. Washington's. Back of these are a hundred men and women When asked near his last day what on the grounds who have been there was to become of Tuskegee, he re- long enough to catch the spirit of plied, "Tuskegee is to go -right on HOW TUSKEGEE IS CHANGING NEGRO SCHOOLS IN THE SOUTH Out of the old schoolhouse into the new-Pine Grove, Lee County, Ala.

under the men there,"-under him whose work remains to be car- Warren Logan, who like himself is ried on; and back of these are thoua graduate of Hampton, who for 28 sands of humble black men and years has been Acting Principal in women throughout the republic who Mr. Washington's absence, and who have raised their heads a little furis responsible for the sound finan- ther from the ground because Booker cial standing of the school; under Washington lived, and who will add their mite and their sympathy in Emmett J. Scott, who for 18 years seeing that Tuskegee pushes forward the work for which the man of their has been his confidential secretary as ranks lived and for which he gave well as the secretary of the institu- up his life. tion. It was Scott whom he delegated to go to Liberia in his stead,

China-The Land of

BY THE LATE REV. SAMUEL POLLARD, CHENTU, WEST CHINA Missionary of the United Methodists, 1887·1915 N the years gone by, fore Foreign Devils worship Him." How changed it all is. Those were mI the officials in the days of great uphill work A few Province of Yunnan, of us held a half night of prayer and . where I have spent there came a promise to us that we a quarter of. a cen- should see thousands of people con- tury, were either hos- verted. Before many years there tile or coldly indifferent to Protes- may be a Christian Church in South tant missionary work N ow and West China of half a million memagain a minor official was a friend of bers. When years ago we admitted the Westerner, but we never dreamed two men into the Church in one day in those days of mandarins attending we were greatly elated and rejoiced. Christian services. Now, however, One afternoon recently in one village the highest officers in the Province center alone a hundred and three are frequent1y listening to Christian men and boys and seventy-three appeals and encouraging those under women and girls were baptised. them to follow out the high ideals. In Tali Fu, West Yunnan,_ where A short time ago a mission of ten the Panthay rebels had the seat of days was held in a large city in the their government, about forty years North East of Yunnan and the at- ago, missionaries labored for thirty tendances numbered thirteen thou- years, and did not see thirty consand. The officials, professors in verts. Now the people come in government schools, heads of police, crowds, and on one occasion more and others, nearly all accepted invi- people were baptized than in the pretations to be present, and several vious thirty years. God is giving the made speeches commending the work increase. of the missionaries. The great work among the aborig- In Yunna~ Fu, the capital of the inals spreads like a prairie fire. Not Province, and one of the most beau- long ago some native missionaries tifutly situated cities of the whole of wrote saying they had discovered a China, for thirty years, men and lot of other people willing to receive women missionaries have plodded on Christian teachers and break with with very little success. Now con- the past. They estimated that they versions are frequent, services are had gained "another ten thousand crowded, workers are in good heart converts." and the name of Jesus is highly respected by many who are outside of What is going to be the next move the churches. Years ago in that in this great land of great surpri~es beautiful city, I woke up one morn to where the people are restless and find the legend written across my feeling after some One who stands front door, "Jesus is a Devil, there- at their door and they know it not?

in the

A TRAVELER'S IMPRESSIONS OF PRESENT CONDITIONS BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK Author of "Missions and Modern History," etc.

~~:6l~~F a traveler were blind- "'What pleasure can we have to strive folded in Siam and with evil? transported tot h e Philippine Islands and And is there any peace in ever climb- the blind removed he ing up the climbing wave?' might at first doubt "Weare ambitious only to be as whether he had left Siam at all. He we have been. Do not disturb us would see around him the familiar with restless dreams." domestic animals, most conspicuous among them the uncouth but indis- The contrast in the Philippine Islpensable carabao. Paddy-fields, just ands is instantaneous and complete. like those in Siam, stretch about him, Here are eager people, full of life edged with palm trees, skilfully ter- and hope, drinking eagerly at the raced and irrigated and filled at the fountains of new life and energy, same planting season with cheerful cheerful, happy in their greetings, companies of brightly drest village pushing hard against old limitations. folk setting out the rice plants. Many In fifteen years they have swung clear cadences of the native songs sound out of the back eddies of resignation like the strains heard on the streams in which the great mass of the Siaand the roadways in Siam. The mese people are sleeping into the houses of bamboo and nipa thatch, great stream of earnest life and joythe banana-groves, the women's ous effort which sweeps through the skirts, at least in the island of Pa- modern world. It is exhilarating to nay, the sun and the seasons, the come into this atmosphere of freebetel-nut, and, indeed, most of the dom and democratic joy after having outward forms of life might lead a felt the heavy pressure of the weight traveler to wonder whether he had of inert or despairing hopelessness not been led on some long, circuitous which rests on the mainlands of eastjourney which left him still in Siam. ern Asia.

One day's experience, however, It is due to the Roman Church would show that he had passed into and to the Spanish government that conditions differing from those he neither the narcotic influence of Budhad seen as day differs from night. dhism nor the sterility of Islam, nor The spirit of Siam is quiescent, inert. the wayward wastefulness of ani- "What profit can there be in strug- mism has destroyed the spirit of the gle?" it seems to ask. "Did not our Filipinos. They taught the people lord Buddha teach that all desire is to believe in God and in the great perempty? sonalizing and renewing principles of Christianity, and they gave them ele- ments of the ideals of thought and

standards of action which determine American Education the values of life. The American The most remarkable and effective spirit has unreservedly recognized of the agencies which the government this debt of the Philippine Islands to has used has been the new educa- the past and has erected on the sea- tional system. The Philippine public- front looking out over Manila Bay a school system, as its director says, is great monument in which Legaspi, probably the most highly centralized the soldier, and Urdineta, the priest, system in the world, and it is hard stand on either side of a cross, typi- for anyone who has not seen its fying the three great forces which for work, ramifying through all the prov- four hundred years wrought upon the inces of the Islands and rapidly per- spirit of a not unresponsive people. vading the whole body of society, to But when all this has been said, no realize its power. When the Ameri- one can fail to see that it is the ef- cans came to the Islands they found ficiency and unselfishness of the ser- no public-school system. The Roman vice that America has rendered in the Church had its own higher schools, Philippine Islands during the past but the few primary schools in exis- fifteen years which is chiefly respon- tence were negligible. In March, sible for the present conditions. In 1915, there were 3,837 primary these fifteen years the Islands have schools, 3d9 intermediate schools, and made almost as marked progress, in- 41 secondary schools, a total of 4,187, tellectually and economically, as in with a total teaching force of 9,845.

the previous four centuries, and every More than half of all the children of year marks a further advancement im- school age in the Islands were en- measurably greater than the Siamese rolled.

government is accomplishing for a When the schools were first population about equal, but with a opened the people were uninterested governmental revenue more than or suspicious or opposed, now the double that of the Philippines. schools are their most popular insti- Americans have a right to be proud tutions. The first act of the Filipino of the achievement of these fifteen legislature after its inauguration was years. The spirit of a whole people to pass an appropriation for school has been changed from suspicion to purposes. One-fourth of the entire good will, from despair to hope, from budget of the insular government is inequality and privilege to democracy devoted to education. Everywhere the and brotherhood. A national unifica- people freely vote taxes for educa- tion has begun and is rapidly ad- tional purposes and contribute from vancing, not only unchecked but in- their personal funds for the support spired and promoted by the Ameri- of schools and furnish labor and mate- can administration, not only without rials for school buildings. Within a fear but with joy and of set purpose. few years the great mass of the popu- The whole process has been free and lation will have been given a primary living, and guided by moral forces education, so that everyone will be which have made no use of the me- able to read and write. An inter- chanical and militaristic agencies to mediate education will have been giv- which other lands have resorted. en to the substantial middle class of

IN THE PHILIPPINES

the country, and higher instruction jealousy and of tribal strife with gen- will have been provided for those erous rivalry. who are to assume leadership. Industrial instruction has steadily The Filipino people never have changed the viewpoint of the people been a unity. They had no common respecting manual labor, has raised language or literature. But a small the standard of living, improved the fraction of them were able to speak home and home life, taught better Spanish, and while, to this extent, methods of cooking, sanitation and Spanish constituted a bond of union, the care of children, provided voca- it was also an agency of separation tions and developed national re- among the people and of aristocratic sources. No normal pupil is promo- domination. The schools made Eng- ted from a primary or intermediate lish the language of instruction be- grade without participating in indus- cause a common language was es- trial work. Already the effects of sential for national unity, because the schools are apparent in every de- English gave the fullest contact with partment of the life of the people. In . the ideals of democracy and because many provinces men under thirty are it is the commercial language of the no longer seen at the cock-pits, and world, especially of the Far East. every year the revenue from the N ow it is estimated many more peo- licensed cock-fighting diminishes. In ple speak English than ever spoke every province farmers are multiply- Spanish, and a generation is growing ing their tilled areas, having learned up to which English will be the Fili- better methods, and realizing now pino language. The change that has that the old days of insecurity and already taken place is illustrated in oppression are gone. the fact that during the half year ending December I, 1913,4,377 appli- Wherever we traveled through the cants took the civil service examina- Islands in the dozen provinces which tions in English and 490 in Spanish, we visited we attended the schools while six years ago the number tak- and came away with new courage and ing the examinations in English was hope in the remembrance of this 4,223 and in Spanish 1,975, and in great host of eager, responsive, en- the year ending July I, 1914, 2,443 thusiastic young lives drinking in the were examined in English and 3,011 streams of truth and democracy, and in Spanish. dreaming for themselves and for their Islands the great dreams which may The effect of athletics and of in- not always yield the great deeds, but dustrial education in the schools has without which certainly the great been equally remarkable. Clean games deeds can not be. These boys and have brought with them noticeable girls in the high and intermediate improvement in the physical develop- schools constitute· one of the great ment of the people, who stood in opportunities of the evangelical misgreat need of such influences. Sports sions. Wherever these missions have have developed energy, organizing any chapels in the neighborhood of ability, and the faculty of coopera- the schools, a large part of the contion, and have replaced the spirit of gregation is sure to be made up of students. They come from and go

back to the better-class homes, to Cebu look very much like hillside which it has been most difficult thus cornfields in America. Altho nearly far to secure access. Their educa- half the area of the Islands is esti- tion has raised questions in their mated to be forest, we traveled wide- minds which they are not willing to ly through the islands and only evade and which bring them to reli- twice came in touch with the forests.

gious teachers who do not forbid Mindanao alone has, in an area them to think and who are willing to about equal to Holland, Belgium, and lead them forward into the new land Denmark combined, only 626,086 in- of liberty. Within the next ten years habitants, or seventeen to the square tens of thousands of these young mile, while Java, whose physical con- people for whom mere ecclesiastical ditions are similar, has 590 to the authority has no meaning should be square mile. It has the best climate brought into a living faith in Christ. in the Islands, 22,000 square miles The educational achievement of the of forest, and as good grazing last fifteen years in the Philippine ground as can be found anywhere in Islands is vividly seen by comparing the world. If you ask for anything it with the educational system of in the Philippine Islands that you Siam. have not found elsewhere, you are Total Government Siam. Philippine met with the reply, "0, yes, you will Islands. find it in Mindanao." Income ………. $28,070,774 $11,275,074 Thousands from other islands are Devoted to Education $623,499 $2,082,172 moving thither. Whole evangelical congregations from Cebu have re- Total number of 4,187 moved to northern Mindanao. Young 610,519 men from Silliman Institute have schools under the scattered along the north t:oast carry- Department of Public Instruction 394 Pup i I s in the s e Schools ……… 25,486 ing with them the seeds of the new The Siamese government estimates life which they got at Dumaguete.

that there are approximately 2,900 The communities are wide open to local and private schools with 95,000 the Gospel. When the representa- scholars not under the ministry of tive of the Congregational Church to public instruction. Let such schools which Mindanao is assigned in the and scholars be excluded in the Phil- distribution of responsibility for the ippine Islands and included in Siam, evangelization of the Philippines came and the latter would have 3,294 to Cagayan, the governor, treasurer, schools and 120,486 scholars in a presidents, and all the chief officials population about the same as that of welcomed him, calling for a hos- the Philippines. pital, a college, a dormitory, a The land which these young peo- church. After the slaughter in the ple are being trained to develop is a cock-pit Sunday afternoon it was of- far more attractive and habitable and fered for a meeting, at which the homelike land than it is easy for us crowds drank in the words of the in America to conceive. The Islands preacher. The next day the chief are not all swamp and forest and political paper of the city called tropical jungle. The cornfields of upon the people of the province to

give the missionaries their friendship Everyone who longs to see the Ro- and support. Similar doors of op- man Church purified and set free portunity are wide ajar on every must look with sorrow upon it as it side. stands divided and confused among The Failure of Romanilm the havoc which it helped to make The Roman Church had its unhin- and among the mighty forces of dered opportunity for four hundred freedom and hope which are repair- years. I have already borne un- ing that havoc and building in its grudging testimony to some of the stead a structure of truth and lib- good that it accomplished, but it erty.

wrought also much evil and it Evangelical Opportunity showed itself, through its divisions, The present situation offers what its inefficiency, and its despotism, Paul would call "a wide door and ef- incapable of doing alone the work fectual" to the work of the evangeli- which needed to be done. It was cal missions. Fifteen years ago the divided and is divided still. The churches entered this door with zeal friars contended with one another and wisdom. In a spirit not of ex- and with the Filipino clergy, from clusive claim but of distributed re- whom they sought to take away the sponsibility, they divided the task, parochial care of their own people. assigning central and northern Lu- In 1849 only one-fifth, and those the zon to the Methodists, southern Lu- poorest, of the 168 parishes under the zon to the Presbyterians, the Visa- Archbishopric of Manila, belonged yas to the Baptists and Presbyter- to the Filipinos, and this number ians, Mindanao to the Congregation- was steadily reduced, for the decree alists. Later, room was made in Lu- of September !O, 1861, gave power zon for the United Brethren and the to the Reccoletos "to administer the Disciples. The Episcopalians, who parishes of Cavite province and other had begun their work for Americans parishes now under the native clergy and the non-Christian tribes, were as they are being vacated." The led on by the very compulsion of the friars' orders, which are now regain- need to share in the general work ing something of their strength, are for the Filipino people in Manila.

again a source of disunion and con- These determinations of responsi- flict. The Church was and is inef- bility have been of the greatest value.

ficient. One of its own lawyers, as They have secured a far wider evan- well as officials whose business gelization than would otherwise have brought them into relation with it, been possible, and they have minis- told me that they were amazed at its tered to the unification of the people business incapacity and at the losses through the subordination of all de- that it had suffered in consequence. nominational division and the co- No one can look at the present in- ordination of the results of the work effective and misapplied activities of of almost all the missions, not only the Church, missing so much of the in an evangelical union of the work- wonderful opportunity of the present ers, but in a church union of the con- day, without marveling at its want gregations in the one "Evangelical of insight and intelligent direction. Christian Church of the Philippine

Islands." The Church is wofully true and tactful influence which will weak as yet in wholly self-supporting lead them to take Christ into their local units, and there appears to have lives as their living Master.

been temporarily a subsidence of One sees no hope of any self- the zeal and momentum of the first generated movements of religious re- days. "Five years from now," said vival in the Islands. Aglipayanism one of the most intelligent and ener- is disintegrating, and, in the process, getic Filipino leaders, "you will find is passing through a pitiful degenera- that the tide has returned with fuller tion. It began as a great revolt strength than ever. The thought of within the Roman Church, but it rep- the people is concentrated at present resented no vital intellectual or spiri- on political discussion, but within a tual principle. It was a rebellion, few years this will have passed by. not a reform, and it met its death- Policies will have been clearly set- blow when the courts awarded the tled, and will have become under- Church properties to the Roman or- stood. Then, again, the mind of the ganization. A few church-buildings people will turn to the deepest prob- were built. Some of these are still lems and necessities, and multitudes maintained in shabby disrepair. Some both of the older people to whom of the people have returned to their the old religious forms are meaning- old superstitions, and even deepened less, and of the younger people to the fraud and falsehood which they whom they are unreal and untrue, repudiated, as in the case of the and who, believing intellectually in church in Santa Cruz worshiping God and Christ, are still seeking a and making money out of the Vir- vital experience, will turn to the Bi- gin of Malove, which is nothing but ble and to the Church which is not a curiously shaped knot of wood.

afraid to open its pages to the peo- Aglipay himself, under the influence ple and answer the questions which of one of his followers who has dug the people ask." up the remains of Renan, has now But our observation and experience taken up with a charlatan rational- would lead to the conclusion that ism. There is in him and his move- there is no need of waiting for five ment no hope whatever of religious years; that the door is just as wide or moral helpfulness to the Filipino open now as it was fifteen years ago, people.

and wider; that in almost every mu- The spirit of truth and freedom is nicipio and barrio in the Islands borne far and wide over the land to- there are men and women accessible day by men who have come from and waiting; and that nowhere in America or who have been raised up the world is there a richer and more from the Islands, whose sign is not immediate possibility of an evangelis- A. M., the monogram of Ave Maria, tic harvest and of a great molding which takes the place of the figure of of character in individuals and in a the Savior over the altar in some of nation than among the 50,000 stu- the great Manila churches, but A. D., dents enrolled in the intermediate the day of Mary'S Son, and who and secondary schools, who are dead carry not so much cross Dr crucifix, ripe for friendship and for every as the living Christ.

A SERVICE IN THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF RIO DE JANEIRO

A Wide-Awake Church in Brazil A STORY OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF RIO DE JANEIRO BY REV. ALVARO REIS, PASTOR Few Christians in North America and England know of the strength and influence of some of the Prote~tant churches in South America. It is therefore illuminating to read of the history and manifold activities of this organization which is but a sample of many equally strong and evangelical.-EDITOR.

@}j~~~ll HE Presbyterian Church A church building was erected in of Rio de Janeiro was 1873, with a seating capacity of six organized over fifty hundred, and in the Jubilee year this years ago (on January was enlarged by the addition of a 12,1862) by Rev. Ash- gallery seating 300 people. bell Green Simonton, In May, 1897, when the present the first American Presbyterian mis- pastor took official charge of the sionary to Brazil, who had arrived church, the number of members was in Rio two years and a half before. 585, and in eighteen years the church increased to 1,395 members. In 1897, Two years later, Rev. Jose Manoel the church had one other preaching da Concei<;ao, an accomplished priest station (in the suburbs), while to-day and eloquent orator, who. was c~:m­ there are five (daughters) organized verted from Roman Catholicism, was churches that worship in their own ordained in this church as the first buildings, beside twelve congreganational preacher.

tions, ten of which have no buildings. -for the propagation of the Gospel, In the same period the contributions with a circulation of twenty-five hun- for all purposes have grown from dred copies. $8,000 to $14,000. The activity of the Presbyterian All this work, including the Sun- Church of Rio is indicated by the day-schools in all the churches and organizations at work, which include a Ladies' Aid Society, senior and PASTOR ALVARO REIS junior Christian Endeavor societies, and a normal Sunday-school class. congregations, is directed by mne na.tive preachers and teachers, and This church renders financial asthere is not an American Presby- sistance to much good ~ork in Brazil terian missionary working in all this and to our first missionary station at field of the Presbytery of Rio de Lisbon, in Portugal, opened in 1910, Janeiro-a territory nearly as large during the pastor's visit to that as France. country.

In the Presbytery of Rio de Jan- Fro~ this church. have gone out twelve preachers of the Gospel, and eiro there were received by profes- at present four members are presion of faith in 1914, 431 adults ; paring to preach. children baptized, 504. The Presbytery's contributions for all purposes The Christian Endeavor Society, amounted to $5°,000. after having constructed a nice little chapel for their first missionary sta- The Presbyterian Church of Rio tion in Fontinha (suburb), is consupports its pastor, one assistant structing now a large room for its preacher, and a secretary, who gives meetings in the yard of the Central his principal time to the editing of Presbyterian Church of Rio. This the weekly pap~r, Puritano (Puritan) structure will cost more than $4,000. This society, which is the strongest in Brazil, does good work among the prisoners, explaining the Gospel and giving evangelical tracts; also sends pamphlets by mail to the gentlemen of good social and political position, and occasionally distributes thousands of tracts on the streets.

If we want a strong and living Church it is necessary that every be- liever should read his Bible daily, as well as some evangelical book; that he should pray fervently; do his daily work honestly and diligently; that in every place, by his life and words and by evangelical efforts, he should do something daily for the advancement of the ;Kingdom of God; that he have

A WIDE-AWAKE CHURCH IN BRAZIL II7

some special work in the church, and nificant member or organ of the body that he contend constantly against the does not go well-good health disiniquity of this world, against the re- appears and sickness comes with its' ligious indifference, against the social sufferings and tears. My greatest corruption, against the superstition, efforts as preacher and pastor, and idolatry and fetichism of the Roman my purpose before God are that the worship, against the heretical doc- Holy Spirit may move all the hearts trines of the modern spiritualists and of the members of the Presbyterian their medical charlatanism. Finally, Church of Rio to do daily some work GARDEN IN INTERIOR OF EVANGELICAL HOSPITAL, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL he must strive for the animation of for Christ and his Church. But all all the lukewarm believers who for- my efforts can not reach all the memget their church and that the great- bers. Oh, there are yet so many beest privilege in the world is to co- lievers that do nothing visible or peroperate with Christ in leading souls ceptible in favor of the Christian from the darkness to the light of the cause! In the meanwhile I will con- Eternal Life and Love of God. tinue in this effort as much as pos- sible through my sermons, prayers In the Church, the body of Christ, and conversations. The Evangelical all the believers have some particular, Church in Brazil is growing in numindividual and proper function to per- bers and power. form. When even the most insig-

America and the

BY BISHOP HOMER C. STUNTZ, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA Methodist Episcopal Bishop of South America ~~:i?2~~N at least five ways city. Merchants, contractors,' labor- the war in Europe in- ers-every activity of Argentina is jures missionary work led or well-near led by Italians. The in South America. Spanish speech of the port is taking 1. It drains our con- Italian forms, and that not with an gregations of young accent here, and a pronunciation there, but in the very warp and woof men. Immigration has brought mil- of the language itself. Belgians have . lions from nearly all parts of Eu- come to South America in far great- er numbers than I had supposed be- rope, and has flung them out over fore going there. They have a good- the wide spaces of the southern con- ly representation right over the whole tinent. Almost every race on the land. The French have found that far side of the Atlantic has made its part of the western world a conge- contribution. They have come seek- nial home, and have come in goodly ing the larger life of the young na- numbers, particularly for commercial tions where economic opportunity ends. joins with the spice of adventure so loved of all youth, and the stream Furthermore, it must not be for- has run almost bank-full during the gotten that this immigratiQnal stream last two or three decades. Germans is a comparatively new on"e.~· While practically dominate Southern Bra- Spain held her grip in South Ameri- zil. The southern end of Chile is ca, laws and administrative effort filled with sturdy sons and daugh- were centered in an attempt to keep ters of the same Fatherland. Eng- that land of Spain for Spaniards lish and Scotch and Welsh, not to only. Immigration was not only not omit the Irish, are there, particular- sought after; it was inhibited under ly numerous in the Argentine, where pains and penalties which Spain nearly all the railway lines are fi- could be. trusted to invent and ap- nanced by British capital. By hun- ply better than any nation which had dreds of thousands the British have not been learning cruelties from the made South America their home, and Moors for seven bloody centuries. have flourished exceedingly in their When Bolivar and San Martin and new and roomy habitat. Italians their companions in arms did for all have come in far greater numbers parts of that continent what W ash- than any other Europeans. They ington and his fellow soldiers did have flocked into Brazil and Argen- for our United Colonies-freed them tina, particularly, and to such an ex- from foreign control-it was half tent has this gone on that Buenos a century before the leaders of the Aires is almost as much an Italian ten republics into which they broke as a Spanish or purely Argentine up awakened to a full sense of their won them for Christ. This they have need of that enrichment of national done, and in center after center men life which European immigration from the embattled nations have bewould bring them. Then their early come members, and, in many cases, efforts were hindered for lack of leaders in our churches. The loss of proper publicity, and immigrants these men has injured mlSSlOn have never been as free to go there churches from Peru to Valdivia on as to come to this favored land. For the West Coast, and from Punta never before in history has there Arenas to the last port in Brazil on been a heavy race movement from the East Coast. And by far the north to south. These, as Mr. Ben- larger number will never return! In jamin Kidd points out in his sug- this lies the full meaning of this gestive book, "The Control of the form of our suffering from the mon- Tropics," have moved from east to ster war. west on either side of the equator, but have not crossed it in racial mi- Financial Troubles grations. Unsettled conditions of government, and religious intoler- 2. It deprive~ 1tS of the means of ance united to keep the flood at a self-support. Not only in our minimum, and what these forces schools, but in direct evangelistic and lacked was supplied in a vicious sys- pastoral work, the missionary activitem of land ownership, shutting the ties of that part of the world are small farmer from opportunity to carried on by means of the contribuget a home of his own. Due to all tions of members on the field to an these causes, and more which I will extent which would come as a comnot even specify, the immigrants in South America are nearly all of the plete surprize to many a: supporter of first gene.ration 'from their own lands. By far the larger number missions. In the Argentine and U ruhave come since they can remember, guay, for example, in the work and the bearing of it all on the mat- which I am attempting to direct for ter before us is that there were tens the Methodist Episcopal Church, the of thousands of men there when the free-will offerings of the members war broke out who were either im- and friends the last year before the migrants themselves, or sons of im- war was equal to the entire appromigrants, tho born in the lands of priation made by the Church in Europe, and neither father nor sons North America, Several of the naturalized in the land of their adop- churches have been entir<;:ly selftion. They were liable for military supporting for years, and the produty, and answered and are answer- cess was going on in a most gratifying the call to their national colors ing fashion until we were struck by in thousands and tens of thousands. this red horror of war. The injury is great in the matter of financial Now the missionaries at work in support, and the longer the slaughter South America would have been re- and the reckless destruction of miss in their duty had they not wealth goes on, the greater must be sought out these sons of Europe and the harm and loss.

How this can be done is not plain without thinking briefly of the re- lations which exist between South

America and Europe. It does seem The terrific destruction of capital puzzling and bewildering when one which was exacted from the first is told that a boarding-school in Bo- belching of cannon to the present_ livia is forced to shut part of its hour has goaded European capitalists work, and its very existence is im- into the most desperate attempts to perilled by a war in Europe! It get their scattered resources in hand only calls attention to the interlock- at the earliest possible moment.

ing of interests which has gone on Therefore, in the face of a series of since steam and electricity "made the years of poor harvests due to drouth world a neighborhood." It is one or floods, and in the very midst of more comment on the truth uttered large projected plans for public im- by Scripture-HN0 man liveth unto provements in nearly all parts of the himself." several nations, with coffee and rub- Being Latins, and harking back to ber both falling in price, and the European ancestry, European ideas stress of financial depression already rather than those from North Amer- crowding down national and com- ica, they have done their selling, their mercial intake, merchants and rail- buying and borrowing and banking, way financiers and national leaders in' Europe! The economic rootage have been called upon for the prompt of the southern continent is in Ger- payment of vast sums as fast as they many, in England, in France, in Bel- f'ell due, where they had confidently gium. Capital for huge government- hoped to extend times of payment, al loans in those republics comes and borrow yet more heavily until'

southwest and not south. It is their troubles blew over. All this European. Until last November makes itself felt right up and down there was not one bank in South the line of national life. Interest America that we ever found that rates go soaring. The small mer- would either cash a dollar draft or chant must square his accounts with sell a draft in terms of our currency. the wholesaler whether he can do so All the flow of business between or not! The farmer can not secure South America and North America the loan he needs to buy seed for the poured through Berlin or London or next crop. The mine owner is cramp- Paris. By far the larger share of ed and must dismiss his force. And their exports went to European mar- in the last analysis all this economic kets, and little besides farm machin- pressure reaches the missionary, and ery and mining machinery sent to the cuts off the support for the day- and West Coast and Brazil, and National boarding-schools in which youth were Cash Registers and "Walkover" shoes, being taught the ways of true relig- were bought in the United States. ion, and shuts off the contributions The war has hit the entire contin- which had made possible the rental ent so hard that business interests of a hall and the payment of a are staggering or prostrate. This meager salary to a national pastor has come about in two ways. First, who was gathering scores to hear the repayment of governmental and com- Word of God.

mercial loans has been abruptly de- Second, exports and imports have manded by the European lenders. been practically stopt in some dis-

AMERICA AND THE WAR

tricts, with all the wreckage of busi- for letters home, not to purchase ness that follows in the wake of such mediCines for the sick. With their a sudden shutting off of the steady income from students divided by at streams of income from millions of least five, and their support from the. people. Take Bolivia as an example, government entirely suspended, they and as one of the nations which is needed no convincing that the war suffering most heavily. Mining is interfered with missionary work in the industry by which Bolivia lives. South America. The Board is sup- Her mineral wealth is vast, and she plementing their income temporarily, manufactures nothing. Nearly 70 but the heroic force holds on with per cent. of the governmental rev- splendid courage. They should have enue comes from high export duties our prayers and our love. on ores of various kinds, tin being one of the principal products. In a In the nitrate fields of Chile, and day all export, all cabled orders for throughout the northern part, there export, and all correspondence about is distress little short of that which export stopt! What happened? Mines has reigned in Belgium. In all that were either shut down or went on desert country for fifteen hundred with reduced forces and under gov- miles there is never a shower of ernment aid. With the first firing, rain, and the one industry by which the ships of belligerents were either the cities live is mining of nitrate interned in neutral ports where they and copper. Here the same results happened to be, or captured by one followed which have been. described enemy vessel or another. above. Our mission school for boys at Iquique lost thirty of its fifty How did this effect missionary boarders in the first month after war work? Vitally. Patrons of mission was declared. Day pupils were alschools in La Paz and Cochabamba most all withdrawn. But for help faced utter poverty. They were from North America the mission forced to withdraw their sons from schools could not have been kept up. the schools. Governmental aid had been generously given to these insti- Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil tutions because of the excellence of feel the effects of the ~ar keenly. the work they were doing for the But one who passes from nation to youth of the land. But govern- nation as it has been my duty to do mental income practically ceased with during recent months sees that they the opening of the war. are suffering far less than West Coast countries. They get millions We have over twenty selected of pounds of frozen meats away college and university graduates to Europe by single steamers. They working in those two schools, and send immense loads of horses to feed . so pitiless has been the pinch of the the cannon and machine guns of a situation created by the war in Eu- hundred shambles of war. They exrope, as certainly as tho the firing port less than usual; but the stream had been done in their own streets, does not at any time entirely dry up. that these men and women had no From all these causes our work in salaries for months, and more than the various churches will receive a once had not money to buy stamps decided check this year, and while

the war goes on. Supporting Boards of toil in the name of the Christ, must reckon with this fact, and not such hellish forces seem to control expect the impossible. the world. It is a time to try men's Mental Distraction souls, and we feel it among widely separated workers and among im- 3. It preoccupies the public mind. mature Christians on the mission Public sympathy is strongly inclined field most acutely.

to the side of the Allies. But the 5. It embitters strong races among heavy German population of parts of whom 'we wMtld win souls. How the countries makes its own view intense this bitterness becomes may strongly felt, and the public mind is be understood in part could I right- so preoccupied with the wrangling fully tell the inner workings of mis- in community groups, the conflicting sionary administration, particularly in deliverancies of newspapers, and the its personnel. Germans will not go wild rumors and reports from day to to hear an Englishman preach. Eng- day, that it is only natural that at- lishmen refuse to accept the pastoral tendance should fall off at the labors of German pastors, no matter churches and chapels, and that those how discreet and restrained their who do come are not as open to the utterances. Members of the same influences of the preaching as they official groups in local churches re- were before this distracting and hor- sign, and even revile one another rible nightmare filled all their think- openly. Entire sections of com- ing by day and wakened them at munities become enraged at each night from dreams of carnage and other, and prayer-meetings are in- sudden drownings at sea. jured, and public services thin down 4. It saps the courage of many. to a handful, and Christ is wounded They say, "What is the use?" They at the hands of those who should be feel benumbed. They see a continent His friends. There is no racial feel- where religious influences have been ing so strong as that of the colonial, at work for all the centuries since the citizen away from his home land.

Christ came. There Paul and Au- He idealizes the land from which he gustine, Calvin and Knox, Luther has been absent just long enough to and Wesley lived and ~aught and soften all his impressions of its fail- wrought mightily for the righteous- ings, and throw up into strong re- ness which is the goal of the King- lief all the advantages and glories dom, nay, the Kingdom itself. And of loved scenes and dear associations that is the continent which has blazed and a boasted past. The entail of into an unrighteous war, the most hate seems more unchristlike to me terrible and merdless of which his- even than the wounds and piled up tory gives us any knowledge. There terrors of the battlefields. Christ de- can be no doubt that much of the mands love, even of enemies. We see visible lack of prayer and zeal in bitter hatred, and can only speak our mIssIonary circle" in South plainly of its unchristlike character, America in recent months has come and pray that it may be swallowed up from this dumb feeling of di ,cour- of the deeper iove of Christ our agement that after so many centuries Master and King.

Shih Kai and the

BY REV. E. w. THWING, PEKING, CHINA Oriental Secretary of the International Reform Bureau 1~~m.:s……'Iti1JIAST year a beautiful troubles come upon the world, and Bible was given to times of danger. Men make plans, President Yuan Shi but we know that all things depend Kai, but he said that upon Heaven (God). he had not time to read it, and gave the Last year I read how Your Excel- lency sacrificed to Heaven on behalf volume to his son. Recently, how- of the nation. But from ancient ever, he has devoted some time times the burnt sacrifice has a deeper daily to the Ancient Sages. As he meaning than· is often seen. We has not time to go through the books should seek to know the true reason himself, he has directed some of his for God's ancient law. Councilors to make selections for his use. As your Excellency is now read- ing selections from the wisdom of the Not long ago, by special appoint- ancient Sages, I ask that you may ment of the President, I secured an also read some selections from the interview with the Chief of Cere- "Save-the-world Classic," the book mony, and suggested that the Presi- that tells of God's purpose, and that dent might be greatly helped in the is as a light in world darkness. This affairs of State by reading the Bible. book has been known and read by The fact was mentioned that men great men of all ages. like Abraham Lincoln and President Wilson found much help in reading President Wilson, of my own the Bible, as one of the world's most country, finds in this book daily ancient books, and full of the Wis- guidance and help. I have prepared dom of God. a few selections of subjects of pres- ent interest for your Excellency's The Chief of Ceremony agreed perusal. If it is your Excellency's that the President might well in- pleasure, at a latter day I will preclude this book with the other ancient pare other selections. classics, but that at present he read only documents. The Chief of The Unchangeable Word of God Ceremony suggested that selections from the Bible might be put in the I. ANCIENT KINGS RECEIVED form of a document, and that he would then see that the President GOD'S MESSAGE. read them. In the "Li Chi" it is said: "the In harmony with this suggestion Ancient Kings received the decrees the following documents were pre- of God and were able to rule the pared and sent to President Yuan. people." "To lose them is death, to gain them is Iife." To the President: When the Great Doctrine is lost The Bible has given God's law in fuller detail. Nate the following: "God spake all these 'Words saying",·

(then follow the Ten Command- wickedness must bring punishment. ments. Exodus 20). A nd I will punish the world for Those who keep God's Command- their evil, and the wicked for their ments will have great blessing. iniquity,' and I will cause the arro- gancy of the proud to cease, and will And it shall come to pass, if thou lay low the haughtiness of the ter- rible. (Isaiah 13: II.) shalt hearken diligently unto the voice of tihe Lord thy God, to ob- 4.' PRIDE OF MAN BRINGS DESserve and to do all his commandments which I command thee this TRUCTION. day, that the Lord thy God will set thee on high above all nations of the The rulers of Europe have become earth. proud. This brings the punishment of God. It was so in ancient Baby- And all these blessings shall come lon and Egypt. on thee, and overtake thee, if thou shalt hearken unto voice of the Lord The great King of Babylon was thy God. the greatest at that time but God took away his throne for pride: If men disobey God's Law, trouble and sickness come. A t the end of twelve months he walked in the palace of the kingdom If thou wilt not observe to do all of Babylon. the words of this law that are written in this book, phat thou mayest fear The King spake, and said, Is not ~his glorious and fearful name, THE this great Babylon, that I have built LORD THY GOD: for the house of the kingdom by the might of my power, and for the Then the Lord will send plagues honor of my majesty? on thy seed, even great plagues, and of long continuance, artd sore sick- While the word was in the king's nesses of long continuance. mouth, there fell a voice from heaven, saying, 0 king Nebuchad- 2. MEN FORGET GOD'S LAW. nezzar, to thee it is spoken,' Thy kingdom is departed from thee. Confucius said: "The Great Doc- (Dan. 4: 30 -3 1 ). trine has become hidden," and he sighed. And because of the majesty that God gave him, all people, nations, The Prophet Isaiah of the Bible and languages, trembled and feared said: before him: whom he would he sle'lu; and whom he would he kept alive; Because thou hast forgotten the and 'whom he would he set up" and God of thy salvation, and hast not whom he would he put down. been mindful of the Rock of thy strength, therefore shalt thou plant But when his heart was lifted up, pleasant plants, and shalt set it with and his mind hardened in pride, he strange slips. (Isaiah 17: 10.) was deposed from his kingly throne, and they took his glory from him. 3. CAUSE OF THE WORLD'S WAR. (Daniel 5: I9, 20.) Many kings and people have forgotten God's truth and love and now 5. GOD IS KING OF ALL THE follow selfishness. This brings the wars and world unrest. (Matt. 24: EARTH. 6.) There is no other way for sin, and But the Lord is the true God, he is the living God, and an everlasting

SHIH KAT AND THE BIBLE 12

King; at his wrath the earth shall Now, therefore, 0 Lord, our God, tremble and the nations shall not be I beseech thee, save thou us of his able to abide his indignation. hand, that all the kingdoms of the Thus shall ye say unto them, The earth may Imow that thou art the Gods that have not made the heavens, Lord God, even thou only. (2 Kings and the earth, even they shall perish 19: 15-19.) tram the earth, and from under ~hese And there came a great deliverance heavens. from God.

He hath made the earth by his Therefore thus saith the Lord con- power, he hatfJ, established the world cerning the king of Assyria. He by his wisdom, and hath stretched shall not come into this city, nor out the heavens by his discretion. shoot an aj'row there, nor come be- (Jeremiah 10: 10-12.) fore it with shield, nor cast a bank 6. GOD IS ABLE TO SAVE IN TIME against it.

OF TROUBLE. By the way that he came, by the Behold, God is my salvation; I will same shall he refurn, and shall not trust, and not be afraid: for the come into this city, saith the Lord.

Lord JEHOVAH is my strength and For I will defend this city, to save my song,' he also is become my sal- it, for mine own sake and for my vation. servant David's sake. (2 Kings. 19: Therefore with joy shall ye draw 32 -34.) water out of the wells of salvation. 8. GOD IS ABLE TO GIVE WISDOM (Isaiah 12: 2, 3.) TO A GREAT RULER.

7. FORMER KINGS ASKED Gon. Solomon was the most famous king The ancient king of Judah prayed of ancient Judah. He asked God for when in trouble. wisdom and guidance.

And Hezekiah prayed before the And Solomon said, Thou hast Lord, and said, 0 Lord God of shewed unto thy servant David my Israel, which dwetrest between the father, great mercy, according as he cherubim, thou art the God, even walked before thee in truth, and in thou alone, of all the kingdoms of righteousness, and in uprightness of the earth; thou hast made heaven and heart with thee; and thou hast kept earth. . for him this great kindness, that thou Lord, bow down thine ear, and hast given him a son to sit on his hear: open, Lord, thine eyes, and throne, as it is this day.

see: and hear the words of Senna- And no'W, 0 Lord my God, thou cherib, which hath sent him to re- hast made thy servant King instead proach the living God. of David my father: and I am but Of a truth, Lord, the kings of a little child: I know noV how to go Assyria have destroyed the nations out or come in.

and their lands. A nd thy servant is in the midst of A nd have cast their gods into the thy people thou hast chosen, a great fire: for they were no gods, but the peoplc, that can not be numbered work of men's hands, wood and nor counted for multitlude.

stone: therefore they have destroyed Give therefore thy servant an Ihem. understanding heart to judge thy

people, that I may discern between persun, and upholding all things by good and bad: for who is able to the word of his power, when he had judge this thy so grea~ a people? (I by himself purged our sins, sat down Kings 3: 6-9·) on the right hand. (Hebrews I: 1- His prayer was answered. 3·) A nd God gave Solomon 'Wisdom 11. CHRIST THE SAVIOR DIED AND and understl(lnding exceeding much, and largeness of heart, even as the ROSE AGAIN. sand that is on the sea shore. The story of the Gospel is of Christ And Solomon's wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of the Son of God who came to save the east country, and all the wisdom and teach men. He died on the of Egypt. (I King 4: 29,30.) Cross, was buried and rose again, and 9. GOD IS A SPIRIT THE FATHER He is the Hope of the world to-day. OF MEN. Have we not one father? (Malachi But now is Christ risen from the 2: ro.) dead, and become the first fruits of But the hour cometh, and now is, them that slept. when the true worshipers shall worship the Father in spirit and in For since by man came death, by truth: for the Father seeketh such man came also the resurrec~ion of to worship him. the dead. God is a Spirit: and they tha~ worship him must worship him in spirit For as in Adam all die, even so and in truth. (John 4: 23, 24.) in Christ shall all be made alive. 10. How DOES GOD SPEAK TO (I Corinthians, IS: 20-22.) MEN? And inasmuch as if) is appointed God spoke to the ancient prophets unto m£!n once to die, and after this of old. He spoke to Moses, the ser- the judgment; so Christ also, having vant of God. He made known His been once offered to bear the sin's will which we find in the Bible. of man)', shall appear a second time, apart frmn sin, to them that wait for For no prophecy ever came by the him, unto salvation. (Hebrews 9: will of man: but men spake from 27, 28.) God, being moved by the Holy Spirit. (2 Peter I: 21.) 12. JESUS THE MEDIATOR. Jesus thu3 become the one medi- But afterward He sent His Son ator, or "middle man" between God into the world. and man. He shows the true way to God. God, who at sundry times and in F or there is one God, ood one divers manners spake in time past mediator between God and men, the unto the fathers by the prophets. man Christ Jesus; TVho gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due H atk in these last days spoken unto time. (I Timothy 2:5, 6.) tlS by his Son, whom he hath ap- 13. THE MEANING OF SACRIFICE. pointed heir of all things, by whom It was the death of Jesus on the also he made the worlds,' cross that became the great Sacri- fice. All others pointed to this. From Who being the brightness of his the earliest times of Yao and Shun, glory, and the express image of ms men have offered the blood of sacri- fice to God for their sins. The blood

SHIH KAI AND THE BIBLE

of oxen and sheep could not save throttghout all the coasts of Judea, men, but they showed to men the and then to the Gentiles, that they need of a Savior. The book of should repent and turn to God, and Hebrews explains how Jesus became do works meet for repentance. (Acts the great Lamb of God, a sacrifice 26: 18-20.) for the sins of the world. These things were preached before But Christ having come, a high kings and they were moved by the priest of the good things to come, truth.

through the greater and more perfect For the King knoweth of these tabernacle, not made with hands-that things, before whom also 1 speak is to say, not of this creation,—-not freely; for 1 am persuaded t'hat none yet through Vhe blood of goats and of these things are hidden from him; calves, but through his own blood, tor this thing was not done in a entered in once for all into the holy corner.

place, having obtained eternal re- King Agrippa, believest thou the demption. (Hebrews 9: II, 12.) prophets? I know that thou believest.

His blood alone can save men from Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Al- sin and give Eternal life. most thou persuadest me to be a 14. THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD. Christian. (Acts 26: 26-28.) Jesus is the world Savior. He is IS. FAITH IS THE POWER OF GOD not for one nation of people, but for TO SALVATION.

all men. He is the light of the The Heavenly Gospel is for all.

world. He comes to the people of Anyone high or low may receive every nation. God's grace. It is only necessary to To open their eyes, and to turn believe in His word, for it is the them from darkness to light, and power of God.

from the power of Satan unto God, For 1 am not ashamed of the that they may receive forgiveness of Gospel of Christ: for it is the power rins, a,nd inheritance among them of God tlnto salvation to everyone which are sanctified by faith in me. that believeth; to the Jew first, and Whereupon, 0 king Agrippa, 1 also to the Greek.

was not disobedient unto the heavenly A letter from the President's Sec- vision. retary reports that the President has But shewed first unto them of read the selections and sends his Damascus, and at Jerusalem, and thanks.

~–~~– -~– CHINESE PROVERBS SELECTED BY THE REV. W. D. HUDSPETH 1. If one does not learn in youth, what fountain-be mindful of the source of your will one do when old? benefits.

2. Do not be afraid of going slowly, 9. Time flies like an arrow, days and but of standing still. months fly like a weaver's shuttle.

3. Regard righteousness as gain. 10. Wealth is as dross, righteousness is 4. Hurried men lack wisdom. worth untold gold. 5. If you do not scale the mountain you can not view the plain. 11. To rise betimes, means full iIIumin- 6. The instructor leads to the door, but ation; to rise too late, means nought but perturbation. aptitude rests with the individual. 7. Man propo~es, Heaven disposes. 12. The door of the law-courts is always 8. When you drink water think of the open, but if one only has right and has no money, one must never enter.

and Priests In Tibet *

BY MR. R. CUNNINGHAM, TAKUTANG, CHINA Missionary of the China Inland Mission { Co";"· "' lBETANS pray and pray (the highest deity in lamaistic philos- ophy) is accessible at all times and in T ~, without c.easing-by day all places. } and by night. They pray eve r y w her e, util- Tachienlu, West China is a city of izing everything mov- temples. There are eight such edifices able and immovable, in in different parts of the city, reprethis one act of devotion. The gentle senting five different sects, the most breeze waves their prayer flags in the popular being the "Ni-ma" or Red sect; air; the mountain stream revolves their the most influential the "Geluba," or Yelcumbersome prayer wheels; the sacred low sect. From early morning till late oil forever keeps alive the voice of pray- at night prayer is offered in some form er. The traveler notes the fact that the in all these temples. Assisting them in Tibetans are a praying people. The their worship they have several different roads, especially the entrance to the vil- kinds of instruments, the most conspiculages, are literally strewn with prayers; ous being the trumpet, drum, bell, and streamers hang from tree to tree and cymbal. Every Tibetan house has its house to house. In gaily different colors own private temple with a number of they flutter across the rivers. Bridges private lamas. Thus from palace, home, are literally pasted with paper prayers. and temple the voice of prayer is never Rock and cliffs are carved and chiselled silent. with the sacred inscription, "Om mani pad-me hum" ("0 Jewel in the lotus"). The priestly population may be divided One never passes a caravan without into three classeS'. First, the lama or hearing some Tibetans in it mumbling ordained priest, who has made the long their prayers. journey to Lhasa and there received The Tibetan needs no muezzin to call ordination from the Dalai Lama or some the hour of prayer; dawn finds him well other high dignitary. Second, the through the first act of devotion. If "draba," or unordained priest, who hopes the alacrity of his prayers proves any- some day to visit Lhasa; and third, the thing, it proves his willingness at least "ameho," or private lama, who has to pray. Leisurely he can utter 400 neither desire nor ambition of ever seewords a minute. Nothing but the eating ing the sacred city. Another may be of food will keep' a Tibetan from pray- added, namely, the "chang-cha-ba." This ing. No matter how stormy the elements latter is seldom met, tho there are one or may be, he still goes on repeating the two in Tachienlu. They have accumuwell-worn phrase, "Om mani pad-me lated unlimited merit and have made hum." Traveling across a grassy plateau heaven with all its joys and happiness an or over a high snow-bound pass he would absolute certainty. much rather pray than indulge in coarse banter. Every Tibetan prays and prays The lama, or ordained priest, is a repersonally; he does not leave his spiritual spectable, wealthy, well-fed, well-clad welfare in the hands of the lamas person. He spends his life almost wholly (priests). He believes that Kun-cho in the temple, accepting engagements only from the very wealthy Tibetan families. Having visited Lhasa and • From West China Missionar;,l N~w•• . been received by the Dalai Lama, or hired to carry them and to produce even "Panchen-im-bo-che," his prayers are the faintest sound requires no small more efficacious, a fact very evident from amount of breath. A number of drabas the price he charges for reading them. reading their sacred books gives added interest to the procession. But the most For one day's service he receives the conspicuous part is the carrying of the sum of one rupee (33 cents), not in- clay figures by a number of dirty, ragged clusive of food and wine. To many beggars. The dress and demeanor of wealthy families he acts as family priest, these beggars make them unable to ap- family physician, and family advisor. If preciate the religious significance of the he has great influence in a home, noth- occasion and therefore deprive it of ing is done without his permission or much of its solemnity. They are paid sanction. to carry the clay figures and other im- pedimenta of the procession, the re- When the King of Chala was in ligious interest of which is no concern trouble a number of wealthy lamas were of theirs. invited to his palace to read prayers. After the usual divining and casting of On arrival outside the North Gate the lots, it was divined that the cause of his priests form a semicircle, in the center impending calamity was due to the fact of which they place the clay figures. that many evil spirits had taken up their After some more blowing of trumpets, abode in his palace. To avert the ca- beating of gongs, and reading of prayers, lamity, the evil spirits must be removed a lama lifts the clay figures above his in the following manner : For ten days head, pronounces the doom of the evil there assembled in the large open court- spirit, then dashes them to the ground. yard of the palace a large number of A number of smalI boys, who miss the lamas, drabas, and amchos. In the cen- sacredness of the performance, rush in ter of this large assemblage were placed and pick up the head-gear and dress of anumber of small clay figures into which the figures, scrambling for the most they hoped to induce the evil spirits to coveted partS', while the priests rend the enter. To this end a number of ap- air with their guns, gongs, and trumpets. petizing dainties were placed in front This religious procession is' known in of them. At a given sign from the Chinese as song kuei, i.e., escorting the diviner a number of guns were fired, in- evil spirits. dicating that the evil spirits had taken up their abode in the figures. The as- The draba is a lesser Buddhist light semblage then formed into a long pro- than the lama, Not having made the cession and marched outside the North pilgrimage to Lhasa, he has not the Gate. power and influence Df his superior in the religious order. His services, none This religious procession is one of the the less, are very much in demand. As most interesting and truly grotesque the draba gives his humble services for sights to be seen anywhere in Tibet. the modest sum of 100 cash (six cents) The procession is over two hundred per day, he is therefore much in demand yards long and marches the whole length among poorer classes of people. Who-' of the city. The most important per- ever invites him to read prayers, feeds sons in it are several mounted lamas, him; his 100 cash he spends in wine. drest in their long monastic robes. For his night's shelter he trusts to some FolIowing the lamas are a large number friendly poor who may be in his debt for of drabas, playing various instruments prayers read but unpaid for. The draba and producing alI kinds of sounds. Two is an easy-going, good-natur~d t,,,,iul;:. priests blow tremendous trumpets ten whom nothing disturL~ aud nothiul;: per- feet long, a number of coolies being

1Jb tHE MISSIONARY REV1EW OF THE WORLD (F'ebruary

plcxes. His life motto seems' to be: flat on his body and while thus pros- "Sufficient unto the day is the evil there- trate makes a mark on the ground with of." Like every other Tibetan, his dress is his hand. He then rises, takes three quite protean and therefore very service- steps to this mark and then prostrates able. It is his wearing apparel by day, himself again. This he does every step his priestly garment when reading pray- of the way between his home and Lhasa, ers, and his bedding by night. taking three years to make the journey. To accomplish such a feat, great physical The amcho is the lowest order in the endurance is necessary. Three reasons Buddhist rank. In Tachienlu, at least, he are given for such an extraordinary pilis a most disreputable and irreformable grimage. First, to atone for some great character. In habits he is lazy and dirty; sin committed in the past; secondly, to in manners insolent and trucculent; in obtain great merit and influence as a appearance shabby and penurious. The lama; and, thirdly, to make the obtainhigh ethical teaching of Buddha, with ing of the Buddhistic heaven, with all its corresponding standard of life and its joys, an absolute certainty. thought, are things unknown to him. He has no wish beyond a single meal, and The difficulties of mission work among no desire above a bowl of wine. The Tibetan lamas are great and many. amcho is an indispensable adjunct in any Lamaism is a domestic religion. Every Tibetan home. He lights the fire; he home has its representative in the lamasweeps the floor; he' feeds the lamp. sery and every lamasery has its repre- When the "a-ya" goes out visiting, he sentative in the home. Should the lama follows her as a personal attendant. His embrace the Christian religion, he is ospeculiar care is the family gods, before tracised not only from his lamasery, whom morning and night he reads family but also from his home. Such an exprayers. He receives no pay, and only perience in a sparsely populated country eats what is set before him. like Tibet is almost inconceivable. To be a Christian and remain in a lamasery The last and perhaps most interesting is impossible. The Roman Catholic reof the Tachienlu lamastic population is ligion, after more than fifty years of a person who receives the appellation of arduou~ mission work on the Tibetan bor- "chang-cha-ba." This devotee to Lama- der, is unable to record the name of one ism performs his pilgrimage to Lhasa in lama converted to the Christian faith. a s'omewhat peculiar manner. He lies GOD CARES! DO WE?

"Forget not that your first and principal business as a disciple of Christ is to give the Gospel to those who have it not. He who is 1Iot a missionary Christian will be a missing Christian when the great day comes of bestowing the rewards of service. Therefore ask yourselves daily what the Lord would have you do in connection with the work of carrying the news of salvation to the perishing millions. Search carefully whether he would have you go yourself to the heathen, if you have the youth and fitness required for the work. Or, if you can not go in person, inquire diligently what blood mortgage there is upon your property in the interest of Foreign Missions, how much you owe to the heathen because of what you owe to Christ for redeeming you with His precious blood. I warn you that it will go hard with you, when your Lord comes to reckon with you, if He finds your wealth hoarding up in needless accumulations instead of being sacredly de- voted to giving the Gospel to the lost."-DR. A. J. GORDON.

DEI>ADTMENT ~r'~> '2ii-~-'-…. ~,,/ ":t.;.. cr~'" OF ,,'" I BEST METHODS I~ BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

SOME WAYS OF INCREASING MISSIONARY GIFTS m'I T is' said that at the pres-. a dollar and in order to swell the sum ent time the one thing she went from door to door offering a that hinders the progress popcorn ball and a chance on the chicken of the Kingdom is the for a dime! She realized about $34 and lack of money. This may gave it with joy, little realizing that she be questioned, but it has had operated a lottery that made her liable to arrest. Her church applauded, always been easier to get men to go than and the one woman who protested was declared too strict and out of date. to raise money to s'end them. In recent years, due largely to the More to be deplored, however, than Every Member Canvass of the Layman's Missionary Movement which lays stress the lack of money is the fact that some on systematic and proportionate giving, the methods of raising money have been of it is raised by methods that dishonor lifted to a higher plane in many churches. But there is still room for improvement. God, and that in some instances at least, In every church there should be un- tiring effort to induce people to pay are in violation of the laws of men. It is their tithes and give free-will offerings as God has prospered them. Let the humiliating to find that in New York socials and suppers be for sociability and 110t to raise money for God. State the Civic League is being called Honoring God with Our Substance upon to stop petty gambling in the Does it glorify the Ruler of the Unichurches as a means of raising funds! verse to raise money for carrying on his work by means of bazaars and "Having had numerous complaints rummage sales?

from many sections of the State," says Let us bring the question home to our- selves. Your daughter is about to be The Reform Bulletin, "in regard to de- married and you have set your heart on giving her a silver tea set as a token of nominations of the Protestant faith con- your love. But you can not manage such a costly gift in addition to the other ducting lottery schemes and raffies and expenses of the wedding. Then the bril- liant idea of raising the money by a selling chances on various articles at rummage sale comes to you. You ran- sack your attic and telephone your fairs and carnivals to raise money for church and benevolent purposes, we have been obliged to take up these matters and have them supprest by law. Gambling is gambling no matter where we find it, The Law and Order Department of the New York Civic League will suppress it promptly in either Catholic or Protestant churches when notified in time."

Those who use such methods are probably ignorant of how serious the offense is. But they ought to know better. A few days ago we heard of a woman who decided to give a chicken as a tithe to the Lord. It was worth about

friends. They come nobly to the rescue 450: $1,708. 450: $92. with articles they don't want because they love you and they love the girl. Here was an average of 21 cents instead You engage a stand in a vacant store, of $3.S0 for each woman. hold a most successful sale and buy the present. Why should a group of women in one church give $1,708 to foreign missions Do you not think that every time she and a like group in similar circumstances pours tea from the pot, your daughter in a similar church give $92? will love to reflect on the number of her friends' old clothes that were sacri- Several answers might properly be ficed to buy it? given to this query.

You would not do such a thing? Then Perhaps the church of easy-going are you willing to put God and His work mi5'sionary manners may have had poor on a lower plane than your own loved training in past years and so lost-or ones?-(Condensed from an article by never found-the habit of treating mis- Mary Grattan Stephenson in The Mis- sions generously ! Very likely other insionary Survey.) terests, such as Home and City Mis- sions, called forth a more loyal re- AN ERRATIC PROPORTION sponse. I hope so.

MARY LOUISE DANIELS, WELLESLEY, MASS. But the Up-and-Doing women looked President of the Woman's Board of Missions, Con· out for those interests too, having caught a vision of the Great Task in its round- gregational Church ness.

About three years ago I discovered in Leaders lacking enthusiasm? Dull the Up-and-Doing Church a pleasing programs at monthly meetings? It proportion between the women members might have been. and their gift to foreign missions, viz.: My own solution is this: Number of women, 450. Poor business methods had left the Annual gift to their Board, $1,70S. field largely uncultivated. Average gift from each woman, $3.S0. The financial success of a missionary Of course some members were unsym- organization is no sentimental problem pathetic or absent, and some non-mem- dependent upon some occult laws quite bers were sympathetic and generous, but different from those governing that dethiS" condition prevails everywhere. partment store or. banking house in t?e On the whole it seemed fair to use next block. It is a problem, on tts this proportion for purposes of compari- human s.ide, like theirs-a problem of son when, later on, I discovered the right approach to individuals that they Easy-Going Church. may be drawn into certain well-defined They were so suggestively alike, those relations with the object of their entertwo, in their attractive buildings, each prise. The same direct, sagacious, favorably located in a city; in their adaptable, persistent methods apply. membership, which included families of The easy-going treasurer who simply wealth and position; in their various waits to receive "dues" is' sadly out of activitieS". And, strange to say, their date. The exigences and possibilities of count of women members was practically the missionary opportunity to-day call identical! for a local treasurer who knows her Then I applied my little rule obtained Board and its needs; as well also her in the Up-and-Doing Church: own church field with its lights and shadows. 450 women: $1,708. 450 women: What! She joins efficiently with other officers in forming a definite policy for a thor- It did not fit. The proportion dwindled ough annual canvass of all the women erratically.

OF BEST METHODS

in the parish that they may be won to great deal was thrown in and with a cooperation. She studies to be tactful great deal of cheerfulness; they all re- and vivid, and chooses assistants who joiced. An invention to please people's will enter into the spirit of her task. humor may sometimes bring them to their duty. Wisdom is herein profitable I have noted this year a swelling of to direct." the fourth figure in the proportion and I wonder-I wonder what has done it. There is, no doubt, some truth in Matthew Henry's contention. New Was it an up-and-doing business methods often bring success where old policy? Did they discover in the Easy- ones fail. Nevertheless we believe that Going Church that the Every Woman the chief reason why the plan succeeded Campaign is a wonderful regulator of was that the people were not taxed but erratic proportions? cast in their free-will offerings. This is a practical plan that works as well What kind of a giver would my church be, to-day as in the days of Joash. We If every member gave just like me? have tried it more than once and have seen others try it, always with success. JOASH CHESTS A Joash Box in a Sunday-school Class Have you every tried raising money by means of a "Joash Chest?" It is a In a certain church the Woman's Scriptural. method and rarely fails. Bible Class lost its teacher and a New- comer was prevailed upon to take his When Joash was king the Temple at place. The class grew and grew until it was the largest class in the school, and Jerusalem was in need of repairs and he when the cost of the new piano was ordered the priests to collect money from divided among the classes, its apporthe people and prosecute the work with- tionment was $20. out delay. But the money came in slowly and the repairs were not made. It seemed a large sum, but the class Then, at the king's command, "Jehoida agreed to pay it, and began discussing the priest took a chest, and bored a hole ways and means. Fairs, foO( sales, lecin the lid of it, and set it beside the tures, concerts, pay socials-aU were altar, on the right hand as one cometh suggested, for this church believed in into the house of the Lord" (2 Kings raising money in such ways. But the 12: 9). Newcomer did not and longed to lead them into better things. She suggested The new plan succeeded at once. a "Joash Box," but no one had ever These gifts were to be over and above heard of such a thing. She told the the regular offerings for the Temple story as given in 2 Kings, and at last service, yet the money poured in. There they consented to try it. But they eviwas soon enough and to spare. Not only dently did not expect it to succeed and was the temple repaired, its furnishings the officers of the school were dubious were replenished also. about it.

Matthew Henry suggests that the new The next Sunday a little box was plan succeeded because of its novelty. brought to the class with a slit in the lid and the members were invited to put "When Joash found that the money did into it from Sunday to Sunday what- ever they wished to give to the fund. not come in as he expected one way, he The Sunday following one of the memtried another," he says, "and that an- bers brought a beautiful Japanese trickswered the intention. The throwing of box and asked if it could be used inmoney into a chest, through a hole in the lid of it, was a way that had not been used before, and perhaps the very novelty of the thing made it a successful expedient for the raising of money j a

stead of the plain little box. It had a needed, will be forthcoming when God slit in the top and no one could open it is depended upon to supply them. but her son-in-law. So the money was transferred to it and so much interest More than one mission board has filled was aroused that the Newcomer thanked its empty treasuries through prayer, but God and took courage. Every Sunday not all missionary workers realize that in the opening prayer she asked God to this is a method that works as well in send them the required sum, but no one small organizations as in large ones. If was' urged to give a penny. any society wants more money for mis- sions. they may have it for the asking. When at last the day came for pay- But they must meet the conditions and ing the assessments, the officers of the pay the price of prayer. school were invited to witness the opening of the box and count the money. Some years ago a Young People's The Young Man Who Knew How came, Missionary Society in Ohio undertook to too, and it was an exciting moment when assist one of their members to prepare he released a spring, pulled out a secret himself for medical missionary work. drawer and poured the contents into a The sum required was about $1,100, paybasket. There were s'everal doIlar bills, able during three years. coins of all denominations, and one tendollar gold piece. The whole amounted It was a large sum for them to raise to $33.34, $13.34 more than had been in addition to their regular contribution. asked for! The class could hardly be- But they were rich in faith and decided lieve it, and the officers were amazed, to raise it through prayer. A'little paper but the Newcomer simply said, HI told was issued monthly containing general you how it would be," and asked the missionary information and stating the superintendent to lead in a prayer of needs of the special fund with a list of thanksgiving. the subscriptions made during the month.

The gold piece was a great surprize. No appeals' for funds were made, nor Who could have given it? Popular were they needed. Whenever a payopinion gave the credit to the best-drest ment was due, if there was not enough woman in the class. But the Newcomer in the treasury to meet it, the little inner (tho n0 one else) knew that it came prayer circle of the society met with the from a modestly drest young woman president and asked God to supply it. who, like herself, did not believe in fairs Not once did He fail them. The amount and festivals, and gave so quietly that needed (and often more) always came no one guessed how much she was in in time, sometimes from the most unthe habit of giving. usual and unexpected sources. It was a great experience for the young people, ' There are always such surprizes in and their faith was greatly strengthened. store for those who trust God in raising money. He is "able to do exceeding SPELLING MISSIONS abundantly above all that we ask or think." What does m-i-s-s-i-o-n-s spell in your church? RAISING MONEY THROUGH PRAYER In many a church it speIJs money, for The great enterprises that have been the people never hear anything about conducted entirely along faith lines, such the work save in connection with the as the China Inland Mission and the contribution-box. Muller Orphanages' at Bristol, England, show that the necessary funds for Chris- This is a serious mistake, The finantian work, even when vast sums are cial side should never be pushed until the foundations of a deep and abiding interest have been laid.

OF BEST METHODS

THE TALENT PLAN advanced, individually or jointly, by members who wish to render this ser- REV. EGBERT W. SMITH, NASHVILLE, TENN. vice.

Secretary of the Executive Committee of Foreign Why? Missions, Southern Presbyterian Church 1. It is a thoroughly scriptural plan. 2. It solicits no money, imposes no In 1913 the Southern Presbyterian extra canvass or subscription, and inter- Church paid off a large Foreign Mis- feres with no regular contributions. sion debt. One of the most effective 3. Instead of sol iciting, it offers a talmethods employed for this purpose, a ent for Christian service "to everyone" method approved by the Assembly's (Matt. 25 :15), enabling the poorest to Executive Committee of Foreign Mis- join in work for Christ on equal terms sions, and widely used throughout the with others. Church, was the Talent Plan. Scores of 4. It is an object-lesson in Christian societies, Sunday-schools and churches stewardship. It says: Just as this talent broke all their previous' contribution is not yours, but is entrusted to you to be records by the use of this plan. used for Christ; so nothing that you have is yours, all is entrusted to you by An ex-moderator of the Assembly and God to be used in His service. pastor of one of our largest city churches wrote: 5, It is pre-eminently suited to that largest class of every ordinary congre- "In the twenty-one years of my pres- gation, the men and women and 'young ent pastorate I have never advocated a people who have little or no ready plan which worked so smoothly and money, but some unemployed time and pleasantly, which brought forth as satis- energy. Furnishing them a little capital factory results, and which I can as con- to start with, it invites them to become fidently and heartily commend as I do successful workers and liberal givers'. the Talent Plan." 6. It is a wonderfully fruitful plan. A few quotations and answers will explain the plan to thOS"e not familiar with For Example it. In the case of the original Talent- users (lVIatt. 25: 14) the increase was Whence? From the illustrative teaching of our n 87 per cent., tho one of the three was a Lord Himself. "And He called ten servants of his, "wicked and slothful servant." and gave them ten pounds, and said unto In the case of the Pound-users (Luke them, Trade ye herewith till I Come." 19: 13), the increase was 500 per cent., Luke 19: 12 (R.V.) tho one of the three was an unprofit- able servant. What? The putting into practise of the Par- A pastor borrowed 50 silver dollars ables of the Talents and the Pounds from a bank. Fifty of his members took (Matt. 25:14-30; Luke 19:12-26) by dis- one each to invest and trade with for tributing sums of money among as many Christ. At the Report Meeting four as will accept them, to invest, trade with, months later $600 was brought in, out and increase, for Christ. of which the pastor paid back the loan Dollars are suggested as suitable tal- plus one dollar interest, leaving $549 ents for the congregation, quarters for net gain, an elevenfold increase. the Sunday-school, and dollars, halves, or quarters, as preferred, for the church- A Sunday-school superintendent ofsocieties. fered five-cent pieces (quarters would have been much better) to his pupils to How? increase for Christ. At the Round Up The talents for distribution may be Rally a few months later 116 pieces came borrowed from bank at regular interest by some responsible person, or may be

back with $109.37 in addition, an eigh- A Mission Farm given by a member teen fold increase. who had gone to the field.

A class of girls, starting with 25 cents A Missionary Ship to carry their mis- of talent money, in six weeks made sionaries to Africa. $13.00, a fifty-twofold increase. In Africa- A good lady invested her one dollar 40,000 acres of land entirely paid for. talent in calico, made aprons, and re- 8 Mission Stations equipped with turned her talent increased tenfold. workshops and dwelling houses. 100 of their members at work as mis- Another, seventy years old, invested sionaries or colonists. her dollar in bulbs, nursed them into 45 converts won from South African flowering plants, and returned her talent tribes. increased fifteenfold. These extensive operations had called for lots of money and neither pastor A youthful member invested his much nor people were rich in anything but smaller talent in a board of rich pine, faith. They gave without stint, some made it into bundles of fagots, rein- casting in literally all that they had. vested, "was diligent in business," and Yet they could not give more than a frac- returned his talent increased 260-fold. tion of the whole. But God, who was manifestly directing the enterprise, sent The field for consecrated enterprise it in answer to prayer. Pastor Harms and ingenuity is boundless. disliked beggars, religious and other- wise, and from the first determined that REFLEX BLESSING IN GIVING no one save God should be appealed to Nowhere in missionary history, per- for money; The needs of the enterprise haps, is the reflex influence of giving to were not even published, yet money mISSIOns so strongly shown as in the poured in from all parts of the world story of Pastor Harms of Hermanns- at the right time and in the right meas" burg.* ttre. In 1849, shortly after he succeeded The financial record of the mission has his father as pastor. at Hermannsburg, been called a "spiritual study in statis· about 50 miles from Hamburg, a great tics." The expenses varied from year revival broke out in the parish and as to year; so did the income in almost an outlet for the spirit of self-sacrifice exact proportion. In one year Africa and devotion that had been kindled, he needed 7,000 crowns, in another 21,000. urged his people to undertake a mission The ship cost 19,000 crowns in one year, to the heathen. So marvelously was the printing-house 3,600 in another. Yet this undertaking blest that eleven years each year closed with a balance. At no later this one congregation of German time was there a deficit. The following yeomen and peasants was able to report table shows, how closely the supply tallied the following items as the result of their with the need. activities: In the Homeland- Year Income E.<rpendlture Balance A Mission House occupied by 45 of crowns crowns crowns their members preparing for missionary work. 1854 15,000 14,950 50 A Refuge Farm for ex-convicts with 20 occupants. 1855 9,722 9,642"" 80 A Printing-house equipped with presses. 1856 14,978 14,878 100 A Miss·ionary Magazine that paid its own way. 1857 14,796 14,781 IS 'See "A Record of Fifty Years: The Story of 1858 31,133 30,993 140 Pastor Ha~s of Hermannsburg," THE M]SSION- ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, July, 1899. 1859 33,065 30,432 .2,633 Many a church stands aloof from mis-

OF BEST METHODS

sionary work because of a mistaken idea sions been largely increased and great that giving to missions will empty the interest in missions been developed, but treasury. But in Hermannsburg it the local work of the church has reworked the other way. There was no ceived a great impetus. It all depends lack of money for local work and such on the way it is handled. a blessing was poured out that there was not, literally, enough room to re- Through the courtesy of Mr. J. D. ceive it. The church was so crowded that strangers were obliged to go an Templeton, of Bloomington, III., secrehour before service if they wanted a tary of the Missionary Committee of the seat and during the 17 years of Loui& Illinois State Sunday-school Association, Harms' pastorate there a continuous re- we have received a little folder designed vival, with 10,000 conversions. And after by himself which seems almost ideal for his death the good work went on. At putting a church in touch with its special the jubilee in 1899 it was reported that field and securing gifts and prayers. Mr. the total contributions for the SO years Templeton's church, the Second Presbyamounted to $2,141,657.39. terian, gives on the station plan, i. e., it contributes $1,000 a year toward the THE KEY IN THE POCKET work in the Etah District, India, where the Presbyterian Board alone is at work. Ministers, laymen, yea, and women This amount is raised jointly by the too, often cry aloud in meetings for church, the woman's and young people's prayer, for God to open the windows of societies and the Sunday-school and it heaven and pour out His promised bles- was believed that much more could be sings until there will not be room done if the specific needs of the district enough to receive them. Yet all the were set definitely before the people. Ac- while they have in their pockets the cordingly, early in 1914, a list was pre- only key that can open the windows- pared with the assistance of Mr. and the tithe of their incomes-and they Mrs. A. G. McGaw, missionaries at Etah, refuse to use it. Read Malachi 3: 10. who were at home on furlough. -Mrs. Mary Clokey Porter.

SPECIFIC GIVING Then the little six-page folder was Paying the salary of a missionary or printed and widely distributed. It is a taking a share in a station has increased model of conciseness. Tho only 6 by the giving in many churches. But it 10 inches, it contains two mapsl a group is not a patent contrivance that runs it- picture of Mr. and Mrs. McGaw and self without effort. We know person- their children, the list of things needed ally of two churches, widely separated and much interesting information about as to locality where it has proved a the district and its missionary equiphindrance instead of a help. The spe- ment. The smaller map with its squares cific work undertaken was almost never and dots and circles is an inspiration in mentioned in the pulpit even in prayer itself. and no systematic effort was made to secure the necessary funds. Each year The two squares represent the Misthere was a deficit made up by the few who were interested. In both churches the plan w:s regarded as a dismal failure and it certainly seemed to be. But in countless churches all over the country it has worked the other way. Not only have the contributions for mis-

sion's Stations; the ten circles the vil- The list of needs is suited to all purses. lages where Indian preachers are lo- It ranges all the way from a girls' school cated; the six hundred dots the villages building at $1,000 and an automobile at in which there are Christians. In fifty $650 to 20 native drums for the n·ative of these there are Indian teachers but churches in only four. There are also teachers at 75 cents apiece. There are nine hundred villages not shown on the map which have neither churches, also things such as picture cards and preachers, teachers, nor Christians. remnants of bright cloth that cost noth- ing but the small amount of postage necessary to send them.

Your Monument-What Shall It Be?

A Lonely Shaft of Stone A Working, Growing, Soul-saving Proclaiming that or Institution You are DEAD MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL IN KOREA "To live in hearts we leave behind Is not to DIE." -Adapted from The Missionary Survey.

WHAT ONE DAY'S INCOME WILL DO $1 will support a hospital bed in China or India for a week. $2 will support a hospital bed in Alaska or Syria for a week. $3 will support two boys or girls for a week in a mission boarding-school. $10 will support a native worker for a month in the mission field. $25 will pay a month's salary of two ordained native pastors in China or Korea or India. $50 will pay for a Bible woman for a year or will support a mission launch for a month. $75 will pay the running expenses of a mission day-school for a year. $100 will support a missionary for a month or will pay for the training of a native Christian worker for a year. Can you do better with one day's income? BRITISH AND GERMAN MISSIONS printed in reference to German responsi- bility in the Armenian atrocities, their THE position of the MISSIONARY RE- conduct in Belgium and elsewhere. We VIEW OF THE WORLD in reference to the have also been called to account by Britpresent devastating world-war continues ish friends for articles on "The Sufferto be misunderstood by some of our read- ing of German Missions and Missioners-both British and German sympa- aries" in our January number. Most of thizers The REVIEW is an independent the facts in that article came Jrom a missionary magazine concerned wholly source which we have every reason to with the proclamation and interpretation. count as trustworthy. The writer did of the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the not pretend to give a dispassionate and whole world. The editors may have their complete treatment of the charges made private opinions concerning political, so- against British and German forces in cial, and economic conditions and prob- the mission fields or to offer defense in lems, but it is not our purpose to ex- their behalf. He did undertake to show, press these opinions in the REVIEW, or to from statements that he considered invite others to express them, except so trustworthy, the suffering-the inevitable far as they vitally relate to the religious and unavoidable suffering-experienced and spiritual condition of the world and by German missionaries and missions in the progress of Christian missions. British territory. It is a natural result of such a war, but much of this suffering The REYIEW seeks to know and pub- should call forth sympathy and prayer lish facts and to interpret them in their from all Christian people. relation to Christianity. For this reason we think it right and helpful to publish Some of the statements made in Dr. facts relating to the present war, both as Hahn's article have been denied by the they are furnished by British and by British authorities in official correspon- German writers. This enables our read- dence. Other statements have been modiers to hear what each side believes to be fied or interpreted to exonerate the Britthe truth, altho, with the strict censor- ish commanders from accusations of unship enforced by British, German, and necessary harshness. The exact and full Turkish authorities, and the disagree- facts are exceedingly difficult to ascerment in reports, it is difficult at present tain and-during the rule of censorshipto know the truth and to interpret it. agreement as to statements may be im- Many charges have been made to us, possible. For example: The British auboth by friends of the A1!ies and of the thorities deny statements made by Pastor Central Powers, concerning atrocities, Y. Stark and Rev. A. Orthner concerncruelties, and illegal acts, but the REVIEW ing the treatment of German and Ameriis not the place to discuss them. It is, can missionaries in the Cameroons. The however, the place to consider the influ- Acting Governor of the Gold Coast anti ence of the war on Christian missions, the British Maj or-General C. M. Dobell both at home and abroad. both declare the charges of cruel treat- ment to be groundless and the statements Correspondents have recently made very strong objections to statements false or greatly exaggerated, and evi- are adepts in their art and depend on dence is submitted. Some of the hard- their personalities and eloquence rather ships experienced by Germans in Africa than on real facts to make the appeal. and India are declared to be due to their The result is that a native of India, warlike attitude and their complicity in or Persia, or ~ew Zealand or an indemilitary movements against the British. pendent and undependable worker in some mission field will collect thousands It is true that British missionaries have of dollars, while somewhat prosaic but endured much inconvenience and suffer- self-sacrificing and efficient missioning in German possession>, and that Ger- aries are turned away. mans have suffered in British territory. Often those innocent of hostile acts have A case in point has· recently come suffered because of the complicity of to our attention. A correspondent others. Such an experience seems to be wrote to the editor to inquire about a inevitable. At the same time, as stated in woman from India, by the name of our January number, British missionaries Mrs. Bannerjee, who was winning many have been most considerate of their Ger- influential friends by her fascinating man brethern and many have endeavored, personality and pathetic stories conoften at much personal sacrifice, to les- cerning her home for child-widows. sen the hardship due to internment and She was being introduced by some of deportation and the loss resulting to mis- the leading ladies of the land, and was sionary work. being entertained within their homes and churches. Noone seemed to think Let us be as charitable and patient as of investigating her, in spite of the possible, and pray God that His cause absence of credentials. We wrote to may soon triumph. May He make us the mission boards and societies withto recognize the truth and to manifest out definite result, but received from the Spirit of Christ. India letters from the secretary of the Baptist Missionary Society in Cal- I BEWARE OF IMPOSTORS cutta and from a leading barrister in T sometimes seems that it is easier the same city, stating that "Mrs. Ban- for an impostor to get money from nerjee's real name is Hemanto Ghose. American givers than it is to secure She is not a child-widow and many money for worthy objects. The cause of her stories are fables . . . she is is not far to seek. Many American thoroughly dishonest and more than givers are generous-hearted, and are that she is a practised thief … she strongly appealed to by pathetic tales of has no 'home' for widows or for any suffering or by stirring accounts of one. Mrs. B– left the Nazarene spiritual awakenings. These givers are Mission in April, 1914, after an inquiry exceedingly busy and have not the held by Rev. H. Reynolds, the secretary. time for personal investigations nor The charge against her was adultery the knowledge of reliable sources of . . . the charge was proved and she information. The impostors who stir left . . . Please make any use of this their interest are not limited to truth letter you like. I am not afraid of a in the pictures they draw and the suit for libel, as all this has been made stories they tell, therefore, they can public." draw on their imaginations to an unlimited extent in order to make the Haec tabula docet. desired impression. The story-tellers

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AflY S CHINA Kansu-stated in order of their need- are largely unoccupied, and offer exten- City Evangelization in China sive spheres for missions wishing to un- dertake work in a new field in China. THE Presbyterian Board is proposing Smaller unoccupied and unevangelized to put into effect a city evangeliza- areas are found in the southwest of Hupeh; in the northeast, northwest, and tion plan in the province of Shantung, southeast of Kiangsi; in portions of Anby which a well qualified Chinese with hwei; in the west of Honan; in northern Shensi; and among the tribes in the exa couple of suitable helpers is to be treme west and southwest of Szechwan.

placed in entire charge of the work in In the outlying territories: Mongolia is a difficult field. A few missionaries each city chosen. One of the native are working among the Chinese immi- grants, and two or three men are devotpastors comments as follows on the ad- ing themselves to the Mongols, but with the exception of the one representative vantages of the plan: • of the British and Foreign Bible Society, the entire region of Outer Mongolia and "Since the evangelist goes around the the greater part of Inner Mongolia are without missionaries. country having no fixt station, he can Chinese Turkestan also presents exnot live together with the people, and can ceptional difficulties, and demands on the part of workers-special physique and not 'shine' before them. By and by the ltnguistic gifts. The territory is vast and the popUlation sparse. Only three cenordinary people come to think that Chris- ters are occupied, and two of these are in the extreme west. The province of tianity is a special occupation. Since Sinkiang has only one missionary. Five or six missions have for years been they have grown up as farmers or car- working both on the Indian and on the Chinese frontiers, waiting for the openpenters, they are ,not willing to change ing of Tibet.

and become Christians. When a well- M The New Peking educated man sees· an evangelist he feels ANY formS' of civic betterment have toward him much the same as he would been promoted in Peking within the toward a Buddhist priest. The best way past few years. A decade ago there were of preaching that can be used at present, not more than two miles of macadamized is to have a fixt station in a city or big road in all the city. To-day there are town, in which the evangelist lives with a great many miles of macadam streets the people for several years, helping the both broad and narrow. Then the ironpeople in the country around, with every tire9 'ricksha was the chief means of possible means such as teaching the common people, curing the sick, and helping them in other ways."

Unoc:c:upied Territory in China IN the absence of a scientific survey of the whole of China, it is not pos- sible to give exact information as to the occupation of the entire field. While coast cities and districts easily accessible by river or rail, are for the most part occupied, the same can not be said of the less accessible regions. The provinces of Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kweichow, and

conveyance. The old-time Peking cart Blessing of Unbound Feet shook the rider almost out of his senses. Now the rubber-tired 'ricksha and the A GIRL in a mission school in China automobile are everywhere used. Rail- when she came in the fall, made the ways have been crowding into the city journey of 60 English miles on foot these past ten years. rather than let her father, who is poor, hire a wheelbarrow for her. She told In addition to all this, the gospel of her father that owing to God's goodness cleanliness' is being practised to a most her feet had never been bound, and con-, gratifying degree. A decade ago the sequently she was quite able to walk.- capital was almost too filthy to be Missions. described. Faithful Christians in Hain~;;' ~~ Recently the government has opened a new isolation hospital with five public TWO years ago in a village in Haiand several private wards. This makes nan there was not a Christian; now it possible to care for five different con- everyone in the village is a believer in tagious diseases at a time. Christ. They built their church with their own hands out of the material A Chinese Chriatian Diplomat found on the mountain side. The sides of the chapel are made of bamboo poles ANOTHER of the Chinese men in dip- covered with red clay. The roof is made lomatic service who are earnest Chris- of bamboo poles covered with fan palms. tians, is the First Secretary of the Chin- The inside walls are covered with Bible ese Legation in London, Mr. Y. S. Tsao. pictures and Scripture texts. The chapel In speaking at the annual meeting of the is filled every night with faithful follow- British and Foreign Bible Society, he ers of Christ. It is not an easy thing said: "I read the Bible for the first time to be a worshiper of the True God in at my mother's knee. Then twenty-two Hainan, for the Christians are scolded times at St. John's College, Shanghai, and reviled by their relatives and fellowand later in America with the Chinese villagers; all sorts of fiLthy abuse is heapstudents there."- Record of Christian ed upon them, they are frequently robbed Work. of their crops and often threatened with being driven out of the village. The Shanghai Press and the War In one of the schools is a Christian THE Shanghai Mission Press reports woman, who has been brutally treated by that its output of literature for the her husband. She has a little boy six year has fallen off considerably, due to years of age, who at Chinese New Year, the war, which has raised the price of when his father forced him to his knees paper. Supplies from Scandinavia were to worship the ancestors, refused, whereheld up for many months,' while other upon his father struck him in the face paper ordered more than a year before making it black and blue. did not get through at all. The mission press has felt its greatest loss in Scrip- Much prayer has been offered for the ture printing, issuing only 11,706,000 persecuted Christians, and thus far all pages, as against 54,530,000 of the pre- have stood firm. ceding year. Among Chinese Moslems Work comes to the Shanghai Press from Chile to Siam, varying from new 'THE death of William W. Borden, characters for an aboriginal tribe to complicated medical and educational called the attention of the Christians books which require the judgment of an of America to the need of the Mohamexperienced foreigner. medan popUlation of China, for whom little has been done. Mr. F. H. Rhodes, of Chefoo, now reports in China's Mil-

16 ] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY 'NEWS

liolls certain signs of progress among Japan was the second or third country these people. to inaugurate a regular student Chris- "Requests from individual Moslems, tian conference, but has not had a per- asking for Christian literature, have manent meeting place. Now, however, come to hand from six provinces. The every traveler who rides in the express writers are personally unknown, their from Tokyo to Kyoto will notice, a mile correspondence is of recent date, and and a half from Gotemba station, two their appeal is heart-searching. structures which will become "the Japa- "Chinese converts from Islam are wit- nese Northfield." The buildings are lo- nessing to Christ among their own peo- cated on three acres of land near a pond ple. We know of at least six such na- 1,600 feet above the sea in one of the tive workers. One of these men-whose most accessible yet picturesque spots in ancestry for several generations were the Empire. The total outlay to date is well-known Mohammedans-himself at 12,400 Yen ($6,200) of which the citi- one time a student for the position of zens of Califo.rnia have given over one- mullah, spent some time last summer third. Conference buildings were used in visiting neighboring Mohammedan for the first time last summer and one centers and gaining access to several of the striking features of the assembly mosques. The Christian books and tracts was the attendance of seven delegates he carried with him were gladly received, from Korea, their first participation and the assembled mullahs and students since the Korean Movement became af- heard the word of Christ. filiated with the National Movement of "The Chinese ChU1:ch needs a baptism Japan.-The Student World.

of love to prepare it for the great work Phenomenal Christian Growth waiting among the Mohammedans." TRE average percentage of growth JAPAN-KOREA of membership in Korean Christian A Imperial Honors for Christians churches has been 38 per cent. for each T the recent Coronation of the Em- of the past thirteen years. In America peror of Japan, among other honors the growth has been less than 5 per conferred, decorations were given to cent. The reason is not far to find.

several prominent Christians, whose To the Korean the Gospel of Good work was so conspicuously of a religious News means everything. It has broken and Christian character that the honors the bondage of superstition, custom are, in effect, a recognition of its value. and tradition, and has brought him into Among these were the Rev. Dr. Motoda, a place where his outlook upon the headmaster of St. Paul's College, Tokyo, future is made glad and bright. In view and Miss Ume Tsuda, a devoted Chris- of this new joy there has grown up in tian who ,conducts a fine school for his heart a compelling impulse to tell girls which has a strong influence in others of it, and through personal work aiding the Christianizing of Japan. new Christians are born into the king- This is the first instance in the history dom of God.

of the Empire where such recognition DR. Education in Chosen has been given from the throne. JOKICRI T AKAMINE, direc- tor of a Japanese publicity bureau . The Japanese Northfield HEREAFTER, Mount Fuji, the in New York, explains that Japan's de- Shinto goddess, will look down up- termination to suppress religious schools on something' new and strange'-the in Korea is simply part of a plan to "co- buildings' for a Christian conference ordinate the school system of Chosen nestling in the hills at her very base. with the prevailing system in Japan

proper. Carl Crow, a journalist who Jiever was heard to say to another: "I has traveled in the Orient, publishes a re- bought one of those Gospels and read joinder to show that in "Japan proper" it and I tell you that man Jesus was a the public school system leaves undis- rare gentleman."

turbed room for mission schools teach- One of the theological students, when ing Christianity. If the Chosen system asked how he came to believe, replied: were developed on a corresponding "I was a drunken goldminer in a marketbasis, there would be no need to inter- place 30 miles from here and saw a man fere with missionary education there. distributing leaflets. I was ashamed to Mr. Crow says: "The Japanese have not go up and ask for one, so I slipt in yet established in Korea a school for behind the crowd, stuck my hand out Koreans which is equal to a good high under another man's arm and took one.

school in America. There are many It was on Judgment in this Life and to of these schools maintained by American Come.

missions, and they see each year an in- "When I reached home I read it to crease in attendance." . my wife and she said: 'That's good, read A Convention for the BUnd and Deaf it again.' At the bottom of the leaflet it said: 'If you want to know more I N Pyeng Yang, a few months ago, about this go to Chung J u, see the mis- there was held the first meeting .in the sionaries and buy some books.' I came Orient in the interest of education for here, bought tracts, took them home, the blind and deaf of the Far East. studied, thought and repented till I saw Delegates were present from China, the light and found peace." Japan, Manchuria, and different parts of Korea. Special tributes were paid Moody's Sermon in a Korean Prison by the Japanese officials to the work for the blind which Dr. Sherwood Hall, A SERMON by D. L. Moody transthe American woman physician, has car- lated into Chinese characters, ried on in Pyeng Yang since 1894. Mr. brought light to a Korean official in Yamagata, editor of the Seoul Press, in- prison. Dr. James S. Gale writes: "My terpreted the significance of the gather- friend Kim, who waS" chief of police ing in the following words: in Seoul, came to call, and I lent him a New Testament, which he returned in "When nations are at war with each a few days, saying, 'It's good. Walking other in civilized Europe, is it not provi- on the water and such like I don't bedential that this convention, with phil- lieve in, but the moral tone of it is anthropic purposes, should have been, certainly good.' This was in 1899. as it was, convened in this far-off corner Later I heard that he had fallen under of the world? It seems that the angel suspicion as a reformer, been arrested of love and civilization has bidden good- and locked up in prison. by to Europe for a while, and come to Chosen (Korea) to bless the blind and "In 1903 there came to me from Kim the deaf of the Far East I" a little closely packed Korean letter, hardly bigger than a thimble, which S Fruits of Colportage Work said 'I have found what you told me IX colporteurs at work in the Chung of years ago, thank God.' Later, at J u district, Korea, are selling Gos- the opening of the Japan-Russia War pels at the tate of 1,200 a month, and Kim's prison opened and he and his with the aid of other Christians, are dis- comrades were free. He told me of tributing tens of thousands of leaflets his experience. 'In my agony, not every year. Many incidents prove the knowing what day my turn would be to value of this seed-sowing. One unbe- be beheaded, I read the New Testament

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

through four times, but found 110 relief. compound in Bombay and which the Finally, one night, as I was reading a Diocesan Association has generously sermon by Mr. Moody, printed in assisted with funds. The Bishop says: Chinese, a great light and joy broke in "Since November, 1913, 25 persons upon me. My heart sang while my (23 high-caste Hindus and two Mohameyes overflowed with tears. God had medans) inmates of the home, have forgiven and accepted me, and my soul been baptized. There have been some had found rest.''' mistakes and (at least temporary) fail- ures. Ten of the baptized were Brah- INDIA mans, and all those have remained firm. Four of them insist on becoming Influence of Outcaste Christiana evangelists to their own countrymen. Some of the converts are old pupils of THAT Christianity has been accepted the Robert Money school, the great by the Indian outcastes in such large high-school for boys in Bombay." numbers has seemed to some a serious obstacle to its spread among the upper D German Missionaries in India castes, who have sometimes referred to R. WARDLAW THOMPSON, it scornfully as "the sweepers' reli- Secretary of the London Mis'siongion." On the other hand the trans- ary Society, clearly shows that many forming power of the Gospel in the German missionaries under British rule lives of these degraded people has in India are living in strict loyalty to proved a striking argument which the British Government, and are enthoughtful Indians have not been able couraging their people to do likewise. to resist. Rev. A. W. Moore reports "Such intelligence," says the London an instance of this: Christian, "may well serve to soften the asperity of many people toward "A young man of the KoIi caste their fellow-workers for God. In time walked miles to the missionary to ask of war the tendency is to be unjust tofor baptism. He was put through a ward the enemy, and to blacken all rigorous questioning as to his motives, without discrimination. Such a policy and he seemed to have no improper is very small, and it tends to defeat ones. 'Where did you hear of Christ?' itself. The German missionaries have he was asked. 'From the bhangis accomplished great things, and when (sweepers) of my village,' was the the war is over they will again do simple answer. He was baptized. great good. The work of healing the awful wounds made by the war will "We believe that the quickest way to fall largely to the Christian Church. evangelize the whole of India is to It is necessary, therefore, that even concentrate our efforts upon these now the preparation should begin, and people given to God, who have taken it will be best begun by the encouragethe name of Christ. Through them it ment of the spirit of Christian love. will spread in a natural way to others. There will be plenty of folk, both in It is the genius of Christianity to work England and Germany, who will seek its way from the bottom upward. Pray to nourish the spirit of revenge and much that thes'e people may make rapid bitterness. The Christian people, howprogress in the knowledge of God, and ever, must show a more excellent way; in the obeying of His will." and they can begin by cherishing kind feelings toward their brethren iu I What a Converts' Home Did Christ, many of whom, no more than N a letter dated June 5th to the mem- themselves, desired this awful struggle." bers of the Bombay Diocesan Association, the Bishop of Bombay refers to the Converts' Home which Canon Joshi has established in his house and

S.P.G. Appeals for German Missions gation, and prayer by the church was 'ONE of the most striking illustra- offered for all who were thus giving tions of Christian brotherhood the Sabbath to work. Later in the brought 01,1t by the present war has afternoon the women of the church met been the offer of the British Bishop of in prayer, and in the evening the men Chota Nagpur to do his utmost to held by themselves their prayer meet- carryon the work of the Lutheran ing. Dr. Dunlay has a unique training missionaries, who, by government order class for Christian workers. Some six in August last, were interned or de- men meet with him very early in the ported for the remainder of the war. morning and study the Scriptures two Bishop Montgomery has now appealed or three hours. They are then sent through the Church papers for eight directly with the message they have clergy to go out immediately, his so- learned out to the different houses and ciety, the Society for the Propagation of districts, wherever they have an en- the Gospel, generously offering to pay all trance."-The Continent.

expenses. The need, as he says, is one DR. Hospital Patients Baptized of extreme urgency, but is thought MASON, of Siam, tells of an likely to be only for the duration of the interesting service in the Chieng war. Any who have a knowledge of Mai Hospital, when 13 out of 33 pa- Hindi would, of course, be doubly wel- tients were baptized and received into come. A Mission Field editorial note the church. They received instructions points out that the missionaries to be daily from the evangelist employed at sent by the Society for the Propagation the hospital. A paralyzed patient who of the Gospel will be entirely under the has been a Christian for many years, control of the bishop of the diocese, has also led many to Christ and teaches who will be responsible for the atti- the patients to read, write, sing, and tude and policy which they will adopt pray. He has been unable to rise from toward the Indian Christians belonging his bed for 18 months. But his good to the German missions. work goes on just the same. At this SIAM AND THE LAOS service 63 persons were present, some A Christian Sabbath in Siam carried on stretchers, some limping in, and one on all fours. MISS EDNA COLE, of Bangkok, MOSLEMS IN ASIA gives the following account of the activities of one Sunday in Tap Teang Under Arrest in Turkish Arabia station, Siam: "Sunday we spent nearly ON the declaration of war, Dr. F.

three hours in a little palm-leaf church, Johnson, Church Missionary So- with its earthen floor and uncomfort- ciety missionary at Baghdad, was im- able benches, listening to one quarter's prisoned in a Turkish jail, and sub- review of the Sunday-school lessons sequently he and Mrs. Johnson, another conducted by men who had not been lady missionary, and two Indians, Brit- Christians many years. The whole ish subjects, were conveyed out of the church there is the Sunday-school. country as prisoners'. After numerous Everyone takes part, asks and answers adventures, both painful and humorous, questions. I have never been in a the party reached Beirut, whence Dr.

more satisfactory Sunday-school in any Johnson writes: "For six hours I was part of the world. Several members kept in the police-station in Beirut, but of the church were away in different finally, through the intervention of the neighborhoods holding Christian serv- American Consul-General, I was per- ices wherever they could get a congre- mitted to go to the hotel, and we finally

WORtD-W!DE MISSIONARY

embarked on an Italian steamer for sian schools. Threats had been made Alexandria. With few exceptions, the that an old statute, practically obsolete, treatment we received at the hands of would be enforced against the schools' the Turkish officials during our journey rule of compulsory attendance at was not discreditable to them, con- chapel and Bible study, and further sidering the times through which the threats were made that the government Empire is passing." might compel all teaching to be con- ducted in the Turkish tongue. These With the Troops in Mesopotami~ two restrictions, the missionaries re[ll- ized, would practically stop the work at REV. LEONARD A. DIXON, a Beirut. Through Mr. Morgenthau's in- Canadian, who has for several years fluence, the Turkish government per- mitted American schools to open under been connected with the Y. M. C. A. in certain conditions. In spite of these con- cessions, however, further difficulties India, is now engaged in work for the are feared. Whether or not newer and more strenuous demands may be made by British troops in Mesopotamia. He Turkey at any moment can not now be forecasted. The Presbyterian Board writes: "The terrific heat, the desert feels that if it can hold its mission prop- erty in Syria and elsewhere throughout marches, the swamp fighting, and the the Turkish empire, in spite of govern- mental aggressions, it will be doing difficulties of transport, which make well.

short rations occasionally unavoidable, Turkish Educational Laws Modified have been some of the obstacles with THE new Turkish educational laws which were issued when the Capituwhich the men in France have not had lations were abrogated have been re- cognized as likely to prove a very to contend, but which have been only serious hindrance to the work which mISSIOnaries are carrying on in the too real here. Furthermore, these hard- Turkish Empire. This is particularly true of those which have to do with ships have not been offset by the social the compulsory teaching of the Turk- ish language and the teaching of reagencies at work at the bases as in ligion. In an effort to secure some modification of these restrictions, repre- France. ' sentatives of missionary work have been to Constantinople and have been "'Y. M. C. A.' has proved to be a granted a hearing by the Turkish gov- ernment through the kindly offices of magic password among, them all. Ac- the American Ambassador. At this conference there were representatives commodation, equipment, transportation, of the Beirut Protestant College, the Presbyterian Mission work, Robert Colin fact, nearly everything that we have lege, the American Girls' College, the American Bible Society, and the Amrequired, has been granted to us. The erican Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. As a result a temmen have also been equally enthusiastic.

The greatest results of our work have been obtained through personal inter- views. The weekly Bible classes', the Sunday evening "Hymn-Sings," the services in the hospital wards, and the distribution of khaki Testaments have opened the way for numerous personal conversations, in which the men have shown an eagerness to speak of the reality of Christ and His power."- Canadian Churchman.

Syrian Mission Property Safe SOME time ago Ambassador Morgen- thau sent for President Howard S.

Bliss and Dr. Frank E. Hoskins of Beirut to come to Constantinople to consult over the intimations of the Turkish government in r~gard to mis-

THE porary arrangement was agreed to Threats Against Robert College touching these laws. The points com- OUTLOOK contains a very'

promised are as follows: illuminating interview with an un- 1. The government demands the re- named authority, called "The Man ligious exercises and instruction shall from Constantinople," in which it was be optional for non-Christians, but may stated that the Turks had threatened be obligatory for Christians. to take Robert College and the beau- 2. That Turkish shall be taught to tiful new Constantinople College for Ottomans in the first year only. Women, both of which properties were 3:o That while the new laws touching built by American philanthropy and the discussion and abrogating of pre- are owned in New York. In the crisis vious agreements and firmans stand, Ambassador Morgenthau quietly moved the work shall go on, the United States . his own summer home to the College Ambassador protesting. for Women and flew the Embassy flag These concessions will enable the above it, thus insuring the safety of mission work to be continued and will one set of buildings. Then he ar– enable the missionaries to deal with ranged that, if Robert College could local officials under authorization of not be saved otherwise, it should be the highest courts in Constantinople used by the American Red Cross, with which will save them from many an- American missionary doctors in charge.

noying delays and obstacles. The "Man from Constantinople" said that he believed that many more than Conditions in Palestine half a million Armenians had been THE Christian pilgrimages to the killed, outside of the army, and that sacred sites in the Holy Land have Talaat Bey boasts of it even to the American Ambassador,- He cynically ceased, and Jerusalem and all the other and shamelessly declares that he means communities' in Palestine which depend to get rid of the Armenian question by so largely upon this traffic for their in- getting rid of the Armenians. Nothing come have been hard hit. What with less than the extermination of the race the presence of the locusts and the ab- is his obj ect; and he and Enver Pasha sence of the travelers, plus war times, have been heard to say that they will the Holy Land has had a taste of real do the same to the Jews and the Ottofamine. The monks and priests in man Greens, and then, as a grand charge of the Christian shrines, such finale, to the Germans! as the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, the Garden of Gethsemane, the Church EUROPE-BRITISH ISLES of the Nativity at Bethlehem, etc., have mostly been French and Italian Roman African Bishops Reply to Kikuyu Catholics or members of the Russian Statement Church. These, together with the THE Bishops of Mombasa and teachers of the Franciscan and Jesuit Uganda have announced their de- and Dominican schools, have all been cision to cooperate with non-conform- driven from the Empire, and warned ists within the limits defined in the that they are not to be allowed to re- statement of the Archbishop of Canter- turn, even after the war. While the bury. The announcement was elicited religieuse have been merely deported, by a circular letter signed by the six other civilians of enemy nations have clergymen who convened the meeting been interned, first at Damascus, and reported in the October REVIEW. It will _then later at Urfa, in upper Mesopo- be remembered that those present tamia.-The Outlook. pledged themselves, before renewing

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

their SUbscriptions to foreign missions puts it, nothing but a miracle of grace or making further collections on their could have saved the mission from seribehalf, to obtain in every case an as- ous divisions. The China Inland Mission surance that the practises of admitting is not only an interdenominational, but members of non-Episcopalian churches an international organization, enrolling to Holy Communion or to preach in workers from 22 different countries. the pUlpits of the Church will not be The love of God, which alone has been permitted within the sphere of the able to draw workers from so many Mission to be supported. The Bishop lands, to labor together unde! one of Mombasa's reply is addrest to Pre- banner, has not failed even in these bendary Boyd, Vicar of St. Paul's, most difficult days to keep those work- Knightsbridge, who in his recent pamph- ers united in the spiritual service of let, "Facing Kikuyu," commits himself evangelizing China. to the statement that the most ignorant lay reader preaching that which is un- The missionaries from Continental true is to be preferred in church pul- countries are supported by funds raised pits to the most cultivated Nonconform- in their own lands, so that the finanist minister preaching what is true! cial question does not arise in the re- Bishop Peel concludes: "I can well iationships of the mission. Prayer is understand 'the feeling of unrest and asked that love may prevail, for there anxiety among churchmen in England are not a few Chinese converts who who are trying in ten thousand ways are closely watching to see if the spirit to nullify the Reformation, and to ar- of Christ is sufficient to conquer the rive at the condition of things in war spirit in those who profess to be 'Church' affairs which obtained in Eng- followers of the Prince of Peace. land before the Reformation, barring the supremacy of the Pope."-C.M.S. THE CONTINENT Review. The Y. M. C. A. in France The C.I. M. in War Time MR. OLIVER H. McCOWEN, the T HE effect of the war upon the Indian National Council Secretary work of the China Inland Mis- for Burma, is in charge of the great sion has been of a somewhat unique work of the English Y. M. C. A.'s with nature. With many societies the actual the British Expeditionary Force in the fields of missionary operation have been north of France. directly affected, with the result that in some cases local effort has had to be He has contributed to The Young suspended through the withdrawal of Men of India a racy account of his workers or their internment, but the work, from which we quote the follow- China Inland Mission has had the great ing items: advantage of laboring in a neutral sphere. This is a subject for which Every branch of the service is being the mission is particularly grateful. looked after: the fighting men-cavalry, infantry, and artillery-the Army Ser- But, while the field of operations has vice Corps, who have done such splenbeen neutral, the work at the home did work in this war, the Army Ordbases and in the personnel of the work- nance Corps, the bakers, who send 500,- ers has been most intimately involved. 000 loaves to the front daily, the la- In this respect the problems and diffi- borers and the mechanical transportculties have been of a peculiarly search- all these look on the Y. M. C. A. as ing nature, and as Secretary Broomhall their own.

In the hospital camps in the large Y. M. C. A. marquee, comfortably

boarded, bedecked with flags, and set well as Protestant England is a great out with comfortable deck chairs, the Mohammedan power. men are being helped to forget the horrors and pain of the past, and are The attendents upon the new building resources of strength and mosque will be chiefly Tartars, of nerve for a further part in our great whom 15,000,000 are living under the task. Russian double eagle. The govern- ment of Kasan and the Crimea are the The Distress in Serbia great centers of this population. These Moslems are, undoubtedly, a higher type T HE Bible Lands Missions' Aid So~ than their co-religionists of Turkey. ciety is continuing its work of re- They are cleanly" abstinent from both tobacco and alcohol, intelligent, and lief of the sufferers in Serbia, and in- extremely energetic as traders and crea;;ing demands are being made upon merchants.-Record of Christian Work. it. NORTH AMERICA The main relief work is being done from the headquarters of the Society The Y. W. C. A. Jubilee at Monastir, the center of a vilayat bearing the same name, which con- THE Young Women's Christian Assists of 300 to 400 towns and villages. No other relief fund is at work in the . sociations of the United States are whole of this iarge area. planning to celebrate in the month of February, 1916, the fiftieth anniversary The chief sufferers are refugees of the opening in Boston of the first from villages destroyed in 1912, when city association. Plans adapted to city, cattle, grain, argricultural implements, student, and country organizations have and all household effects were looted. been developed, and the jubilee will be not only an opportunity for a review In Monastir alone there are some of the achievements of the past, but a 8,000 destitute persons, including refu- time to make larger plans for the gees from more than thirty villages. future. The one city association of Many of them are suffering from ill- 1866 has grown to 245, with a memness caused by two and a half years bership of 273,234, and there are also of semi-starvation, while large num- 721 student associations. The extenbers are in a state of extreme debility, sion of the Association movement to which, failing relief, can only end in the Orient has been one of the most a lingering death. There are whole striking developments of the period. streets of families in this condition. Japan now has 20 associations, with six American secretaries, and 18 secretaries Mohammedanism in Petrograd are at work in five cities in China.

THERE is a mosque under construc- Plans of the Commission on Missions tion in Petrograd, not far from the By the constitution of the National Troitsky (Trinity) Bridge over the Council the Congregational Commis- Neva. It is a massive granite building, sion on Missions has a continuous existrelieved by a dome of cerulean tiles and ence, half its members going out of a blue-tiled entrance porch. There are office each two years The Commission, three minarets from whence the ears of which President King of Oberlin is of the "Orthodox" will in days to chairman, will begin the work of the come be jarred by the call to Moslem coming biennium on the basis of previous prayer. The whole building recalls experience of members who hold over, Samarcand. The building was partly reenforced by those recently elected. given by the Emir of Bokhara which recalls the fact that Holy Russia as

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Among the subjects to which the Com- 'Strength to Congregational churches mission is expected to devote its at- and to enable the members of the tention are the following: preliminary organization to make themselves more plans for the Tercentenary Fund, which adequate to the demands of the modern is to be raised in 1920, a study of the church. field work of the various missionary societies and the relation of field and At the first meeting, which was held state organizations; a consideration of in Center Church, New Haven, in Nothe problem of the various missionary vember, the following problems were magazines published by the denomina- presented as lying within the scope tion and the development of the Appor- of the organization: tionment Plan. Sub-committees will make careful study of different topics The training of adequate leadership and by meeting perhaps three times for the Church; the development of the during the biennium the Commission Church as the Father's House, the as a whole can work over the reports social center of the community; the submitted, and having reached a judg- reaching out into the community along ment on major matters will confide many lines of social service; the fine them again to the care of smaller com- art of guiding the unfolding life of mittees for execution. childhood and youth.

The Ministry in America The executive committee will plan definitely to present the challenge of HILE much has been written and this new vocation to the young women W spoken about the decrease of stu- in the colleges. dents for the ministry, Mr. Talcott Williams, of Columbia University, has been A Chair in Christianity investigating the facts. with surprizing results. He declares that, from 1880 to WHILE giving large attention to 1910 the number of ministers has Comparative Religion, the great grown faster than the number of lawyers or physicians. In this thirty years, seats of learning have in many cases the United States census' heing witness, passed by Christianity as a substantive the number of ministers had increased study. So much has this been the case from 64,698 to 132,988, or had more in America, that the president of a than doubled. Further, the llumber of great university in the Middle States theological students in the United recently declared that a student might States has doubled in thirty-three years. graduate from many of the institutionS' There were 5,242 in 1880 a"d 10,965 in of learning in the land and yet be as 1913; while in Germa'l' t',~ ,logical ,tu- ignorant of Christianity as if he had dents have fallen off one-half in this been educated in a pagan country. At generation, and in Ewdand the number length, there are indications of a turnhas remained the same. in'S of the tide, for a worthy example has been set by a small institution, Church Assistants Organize Furman University, South Carolina, the trustees and faculty of which have set A NEW field for women who wish to up a Chair of' Christianity. Holding devote themselves to Christian work that Christianity is the salt of civilis offered by the Congregational Lea::iue ization, and can no more be excluded of Church Assistants. The salaried than can mathematics. It says to prewomen workers in the Congregational sumptive students: "If you object to a churches have banded together in an course in Christianity, go elsewhere. organization whose purpose is to add For our part, we are unwilling to give our degrees to students who have not had special instruction in the origin,

the documents, and the history of the the coast in the autumn, when they Christian religion." were to return south.

Presbyterian Women Leaders Confer At first the intention was, it seems, that these German members of the mis- ANOTABLE gathering was held in sionary staff on the coast should be in- Chicago, from November 10th to terned; however, that was altered, and 18th, by representatives of the Presby- they have now been aJlowed to resume terian Woman's Boards of Home and their work on parole. They went north Foreign Mi.;sicns, the Woman's Depart- on board the Harmony. ment of the Freedmen's Board and delegates from the Synodical Societies, who An Experience of Wu Ting Fan. assembled to consider matters of common interest at the home base. THE Rev. Huie Kin, a Chinese Christian pastor in New York, was A call to the conference stated its ob- reading a daily paper. Seeing that a distinguished countryman of his was to i ect in the following words: be in New York over Sunday he tele- phoned him at his hotel inviting him "The tendency toward joint synodical to attend the Sunday service at his presbyterian and local organizations has church. brought to the attention of the Woman's Boards of Foreign and Home Missions The invitation was promptly accepted. the need of such oneness of method as After the service was over the guest shall simplify the work all along the line. s'aid to the pastor: The insistent derr:ands of the mission cause have indicated the need of a cJear- "When I was a boy in China I was cut, definite administrative policy." acquainted with some Christian people and I thought highly of Christianity. The conference had no power of de- I had never identified myself with it, cision on any matter, but agreed upon but, when I was appointed to America many recommendations to be considered, I decided I wanted to throw in my lot and, if possible, ratified by the various with Christian people there, and made Boards represented. up my mind that I would accept the first invitation which was given me to Labrador Missionaries on Parole attend a Christian service."

ACTING under instruction from the There was a pause which was scarce- Dominion Government, Captain ly perceptible, then he continued: Jackson of the Labrador coast brought with him to St. John's, Newfoundland, "This is the first invitation I have on his first trip southward in the sum- had !" mer, all the male Gentians connected with the Moravian Mission in Labrador. The man who spoke was Wu Ting Fang. As a result of an interview which the captain thereupon had with the This was not his first but his last Minister of Ju.stice at St. John's, and Sunday in America. Before another of the previous intervention of His Sunday had dawned this man, who had Excellency the Governor and of the been Minister from China to Christian mission agent in that city, the mis- America, was on his way home. sionaries and storekeepers who had been brought down werr~ all allowed Who can say what would have been to return' to their posts, hut they were the results if the invitation to go to a accompanied by three or four police- Christian service had been given him men. These had instructions to stay at on his first instead of his last Sunday the stations until the last ship visited in America?-Woman's Work.

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LATIN AMERICA ces Town: "I was glad to find that Mr. Paul Bhaktawar Das, the catechist, The Church of Rome at Its Worst had done his best to keep up the Hindi service. T HE Bishop of Argentina, Dr. Every, in an article to which The "A meeting of our catechists was held East and the West, of July, accorded and the rector, at my request, attended the premier place, says some very pun- and presided. Several important matgent things of the Roman Catholic ters were discust, including extension Church in South America, where he of work, training of East Indian teachsays that Church is admittedly at its ers and mission workers for the future, worst. "There is', unfortunately, no traveling expenses of catechists, etc. question as to the debased moral at- The rector told us that there were mosphere of Latin American lands, and about 200 Indian children in four of it is impossible not to hold the Church the schools in the parish, but nothing largely responsible. Then~ is no Chris- was being done for them in their own tian, nor partially Christian, public language. Some of them attend the OpllllOn. Integrity and clean living religious instruction in English, sit for are not expected. Honor and truth the religious examination, and do well. are exceptional. There is a general lax attitude of tolerance toward every- "The distinguishing feature of the thing, including vice. . . . . Among meeting was the spontaneous request of the mass of the educated men faith is the catechists for regular and systemdead. Religion is a matter of custom, atic instruction in Hindi for themnot conviction. The tone of the univer- selves." sities, which, of course, includes all the leading and professional men of the Bible Colportage on the Amazon future, is frankly unchristian. It causes astonishment if any educated man is a THE British and Foreign Bible Sotrue believer." In his judgment, the ciety is to have an oil-driven facts honestly studied would justify launch for the evangelization of the the viewing of South America as an tribes of the 50,000 miles of navigable open mission field, and he evidenly waterway on the Amazon and its wishes that the English Church would tributaries. Hitherto, Bible colportage so view it.-C. M. S. Review. has been carried on from the regular steamers which ply up and down the~ Hindus in the West Indies great river, but these stop only at speci- fied points so that thorough colportage T HERE' are in the diocese of Trini- of the region has been difficult. The dad, in the West Indies, over 100, new steamer, built at the modest cost 000 Indians who have come there to of $3,000, will be able to carry a ton labor on the sugar and other planta- of Bibles, sufficient food, water (for tions. A large amount of successful the Indians often poison the water of missionary work has been carried on streams in order to kill the fish), and among them by the S. P. G., and as will be provided with sleeping quarters a result of an increased grant which where the colporteur can protect himthe Society was able to make the Rev. self from the dangerous' insects which Ramprasad Dube, an Indian Brahman, swarm about the river banks. Mr. Walwas lately appointed to assist Mr. Rag- key, an Anglican missionary who bir in superintending the work which knows the Amazon thoroughly and is a is being done among the Indians. qualified engineer, has cooperated help- fully in the venture. His theory is that He wrote after his first visit to Prin- by evangelizing the Indians of the waterways the Indians further in the

forests can be later reached by means bambo'o grove at night. Then they put of the Christianized tribespeople. The it in the church in Atibaia, but it younger Indians of the region are wouldn't stay there either. So the priest largely able to read, having been announced that the only thing to be taught, in many cases, in return for done was to build a church at the their services as rubber collectors. The place where the image wanted to stay. Bible is the only literature in the ver- The church was built, then one or two nacular accessible to them, hence they houses, and now after many years the are always ready to buy it.-Record of place has grown up into a village. Christian Work. But far more rapidly than the village, A Brazilian's View of Protestant ha, grown the fame of the miraculous Missions image, or saint, as they call it. From far and near the pilgrims attend and A MISSIONARY was present at a go through all sorts of idolatrous prac- tises of fulfilment of vows. The sad- meeting held in the Lapa theatre, dest and most significant thing to a when an audience of more than 200 believer in Christ about the worship people, representing aU classes of so- of this image is the name by which the ciety, listened to an address by a lead- people call it, "Saint Good Jesus of the ing citizen on "The Return of the Pardons." This is in itself a revelation Prodigal Son." of the ignorance of the people and an appeal for fuller knowledge of the real He was a Roman Catholic, but when nature of Christ.-Christian Observer. asked if the Americans had a mission among his people, he replied, "Yes, a AFRICA twofold mission, to correct the abuse, of the Roman Church and to give re- "What Vould Jesus Do?" ligious comfort to the people, that is, to give the masses the Gospe1." OF what use are Christian Sunday- schools in Moslem lands? A strik- The missionary later went to visit ing answer is given in a little incident him and offered to read to his mother, related by an eye-witness to Mrs. Finif she desired, some comforting words ney, one of the American missionaries of the Savior. "After I reached Curi- in Alexandria. tyba, I sent him two pamphlets and received an appreciative letter. Some An Australian soldier, who had been day some of those men and women I in the cafes and drink shops, was met will be the first members of the sauntering down the street when he Presbyterian Church of Lapa." was laid hold of by two gay and prof- ligate women, one on each arm. Each A"Saint Good Jesus of the Pardons" was coaxing him. At that moment a FEW miles from the town of Ati- bright Egyptian lad was coming from baia, in the State of S. Paulo, the opposite direction, and the soldier Brazil, there is a small, out-of-the-way in an offhand way called out to him, village, where every year the Roman "Boy, which one shall I go with?" Catholic Church holds one of its most The lad stopt a moment and then, lookcelebrated festivals in this part of the ing straight up into his face, replied in country. It is said that once upon a clear, simple English, "What would time an image of Jesus was discovered Jesus do?" The soldier was so taken in a bamboo grove there and put by aback and so deeply touched that he the priest in the church at Nazareth, flung himself loose, and running down near-by. But it did not want to stay the street, disappeared from view. there, so miraculously went back to the The British officer who noticed the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

affair stept up and asked the lad in Uganda for volunteers to go among where he had learned English, and was the tribes of the Mongalla province, told that the boy was a pupil in the toward whom Islam is making rapid American Mission school in Alexandria strides. The C. M. S. mission among and that this very verse had been ex- them has now been in existence for 10 plained by one of the teachers at Sun- years, and still looks forward to its day-school. first baptism. Of African Moslems the Boys of the Munchi Tribe Seek Christ people have seen many, often in high positions of trust and responsibility, W RITING from Salatu, Mr. A. S. but of African Christians they have Judd, of the Sudan United Mis- come into contact with none. The sion, gives the following encouraging first to respond to the appeal were two particulars of a movement which has boys in their third year at King's just begun in one of the tribes among School, Budo, followed by a pupil whom the society is at work: teacher from Ndeje. At the communion service held for members of the Synod "You will be pleased to know that we the Bishop appealed to the elder clergy have had quite a movement among the and lay readers to send one of their boys here during the past few days. number as leader of the new Mission. One evening a lad of 16 years of age One of the oldest of the Baganda came to see me; he wanted to follow clergy, the Rev. Yosuwa Kiwavu, ofthe Christ. The next evening another fered himself, notwithstanding his adcame, and evening after evening I vancedage and the fact that he has have had seekers after the way of truth already spent many years of exile in until there are now twelve of the Busoga, the last two years of them in school-boys who have exprest their de- a remote and dangerous out-station, termination to follow the Master. Some for the evangelization of which he are quite young, but three are approach- volunteered to leave his comfortable ing manhood, and they have given their home. It is little, to be wondered at testimony, very clear and definite, in that such an example was emulated. public. They will be marked men now. In a few hours' time three other Bag- The others, being younger, have not anda clergy and two lay readers also spoken in public, but they all take part offered, of whom the two latter were in their own prayer meetings, and we eventually chosen to accompany Kiwavu have had quite a number of these. The and to travel into the Sudan with Mr. boys have to spend much of the day Shaw on his return journey. on their farms, driving off birds from the ripening crops'. On Sunday, as they could not get in for service on the News From West Africa F station, they held a service out in the OUR members of the West Africa Mission of the Presbyterian Board fields. This was their own idea. We shall have to give time to the training arrived in New York, December 15th, of these boys, for they will need much and reported that they received only help." courteous treatment in German Kame- run, Spanish Guinea and from the of- THE Baganda Missionaries for the Sudan ficials of the French and British cruis- Uganda Synod appealed for ers who boarded their ship.

workers for the pagan Anglo- Before leaving Kamerun, the entire Egyptian Sudan, and a very speedy re- party pledged themselves to say noth- sponse has come from the Uganda ing of military conditions in Kamerun.

Church. The Rev. A. Shaw, of Malek, They were permitted, however, to tell on the White Nile, has been appealing anything regarding the missionaries

and the work. From the necessity laid he must, as a Christian, try at least upon them on account of the lack of to get rid of from a heart only too foreign food, the missionaries have cul- ready to entertain it. Patriotism, selftivated their gardens much more than sacrifice, calm courage as connected in former years. One of the mission- with war, are strange notions hard to aries has succeeded in producing a understand. Then he is told of hosplantain flour and a toothsome syrup pitals, Red Cross work, mercy to all out of a native cane. The industrial non-fighters, and so forth, and hearing work has practically ceased because of this he looks at the pictures' of fighting a lack of cloth for making garmerrts, in Belgium I What is he to, think? of leather for making shoes, and a lack What can he possibly make of it all? of demand for chairs and tables, and Christianity is essentially to him the refor building of any kind. While war ligion of peace and mercy. He can only conditions are irksome, and at times think one thing: that the white man seriously interfere with the work, the teaches one way and follows another. greatest courtesy has been shown the And so he keeps silent, because such American representatives. thoughts are neither clearly formed in his mind, nor would he like to express The returned missionaries did not them if they were." think that their comrades are in any danger. Bible-work in New Zealand The girls' schools are all closed, but THE British and Foreign Bible Sothe boys' schools are running, only with ciety's latest report from New Zeareduced numbers. The most striking of all the statements regarding the land, has recently reached London. In work is that the offerings while pos- a year, which included nine months of sibly not equalling those of former the great war, New Zealand has conyears, are remarkable, the people giving tributed to the B. F. B. S. no less than out of extreme poverty, and realizing £2,382; this total contains a gift of £349 the great need on account of war con- from the Otago Bible Society, but it ditions. takes no account of legacies from New Zealand, which have reached the record THE ISLANDS OF THE SEA sum of £4,324. A New Testament was placed in the hands of each soldier of A The Puzzled Melanesian the New Zealand contingent, which has CORRESPONDENT writes in been fighting with such magnificent gal- The Southern Cross Log: lantry in the Dardanelles. "Readers may be interested to hear how, as far as one can judge, the catas- Hospital Ship for the Sulu Islands trophe of the war apears to the mind of the ordinary Melanesian Christian. ONE of the missionaries of the Epis- A thing that strikes one very much copal Board in the Philippines says is his intense interest in it. that the greatest advent of the past Next to his intense interest is his year in that mission has been the conreserve about what he really thinks. joint acceptance by the Philippine gov- His attitude as a Christian is hard to ernment and a private philanthropy in probe. Here are Christian nations' all America of the proposition submitted fighting together on an enormous scale. by Bishop Brent for a hospital ship for But war to him means murder, and the Sulu Archipelago. It is hoped that murder he has learned is a sin, and this institution will be a center of inutterly and entirely un-Christian. War struction and healing to 200,000 natives. means revenge, and revenge he knows '1~t : BOOKS ON Ml3SIONS @.-.; /~ " AND – : / ……………….. . ".".. MI3SION LANDS .. .— – …./. . ". -~….. ………….

The China Mission Year Book for 1915. The Students of Asia. By Sherwood Edited by D. MacGillivray. 12mo. 586-252 Eddy. 12mo, 223 pp. Student Volunteer pp. With new missionary map of China, Movement, New York, 1915. 20×22 inches. $2.00, net. Christian Litera- The students of to-day are the leaders ture Society, Shanghai, China, 1915. of to-morrow and Mr. Eddy has wisely The China Mission Year Book has devoted his life to bringing the message come to be looked upon as an institution of Christ to the students of Asia. In -a servant of the cause of Christ and India and China he has held remarkable of progress in China. evangelistic meetings at which thousands have been enrolled as enquirers'. In the Volume six contains an immense present volume he studies the countries amount of valuable information not only of Asia from the students' standpoint, the on Christian progress but on the political, present intellectual awakening, the new commercial, educational, and social de- student life and ideals; the student velopment of China. Many of these leaders in India and China; the successchapters are contributed by specialists ful methods employed in student work and all are carefully edited. Dr. Arthur and the present call of Asia to Christian H. Smith writes the survey for 1914 America and England. The appendices and the story of Christian churches in deal with the contrasts between orient China. and occident, moral instruction in Japan- ese schools, typical questions asked by There are also sections on Meetings of Japanese, and the religions of China. Federal Councils, on the distribution of missionaries, the post-office as an evan- Mr. Eddy's book will be especially gelizing agency, social service in China, helpful to the students of North America. Woman's Work in China, and a full list It is more of a general presentation than of over 400 missionaries and 80 foreign a detailed study of the subject, but it is missionary agencies in China and For- an inspirational message drawn from acmosa. The statistics are informing but tual contact with Asiatic students. incomplete. The map in three colors is a unique production prepared by the Missions and Leadership. By J Camp- China Continuation Committee. It shows the various mission centers with 1 to 5, bell White, LL.D. 16mo. 192 pp. SOc. N. 6 to 15, 16 to 25, 26 to 50, and more than Collier Printing Co., Wooster, Ohio, 1915. SO missionaries respectively. Other marks Dr. White is well-known as the organindicate the unoccupied citie~ distinguish- izer and for many years the general ed according to their size and importance. secretary of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. He is a clear thinker and The railroads-in operation and pro- forceful speaker and has won a right posed-the canal and trade routes are to speak on missions and leadership-as also marked. The parallels of latitude he has done in these lectures delivered in and longitude are omitted. These with South Carolina. First he declares and a key to mission stations would greatly gives facts to show that the present add to the value and usableness of the second decade of the twentieth century map. i!> "the decisive decade in missions." He points out that service to God and man is Agatho Rolf, O.M. Cap., of a German the only life purpose worth while and book. The author of this is a Roman that knowledge of world conditions and Catholic and of course he considers the spiritual forces is essential to power. In whole mission problem from that view- the chapter on money and the kingdom, point. Of the seven chapters, four are Dr. Vhite is especially at home. He devoted to comparisons between Roman makes figures talk. The final appeal for Catholic and Protestant missions in Asia personal service in the missionary cause and to a critical discussion of the "De- is a stirring and convincing argument for fects of Protestant Mission Methods,"

more thorough consecration to Christ. "Modern Tactics of Protestants in the He concludes: (1) "The World Field is Mission Proper," and "Protestant the only field; (2) The Great Commis- Methods of Awakening Missionary sion is the only commission; (3) Man is Zeal." It would be quite easy for God's chosen steward and messenger." a Protestant critic to make a for- My Lady of the Chinese Courtyard. By midable list of the defects of Roman Elizabeth Cooper. Illustrated, Bvo, 162 Catholic Missions. Nevertheless Father pp. $1.50, net. Fred'k A. Stokes Co., 1915. Schwager's small book is wholesome Chinese women are just emerging from reading for Protestant missionary work- obscurity. They are showing their ers. It is well for us sometimes to see strength and are worthy of study. Miss ourselves as others see us. The view- Cooper bases her revelation of the women point of the author is distinctly continand home life of China on letters written ental, as distinguished from British and many years ago, so that the volume does American. His pre-suppositions material- not reveal the new women being pro- ly affect his jUdgment, but he is an able duced by modern civilization and mis- man and evidently intends to be fair and sions. The vast multitudes of China have honest. A reader who does not under- not changed very much, but they are stand the currents a.nd cross-currents of changing. life in Asia, might get a wrong impres- In the form of two series of letters as sion from Father Schwager's chapters, written by the wife of a high Chinese but the foreign missionary secretary and official to her husband, the author pic- the foreign missionary himself may find tures the thoughts and conditions of this little book interesting and suggestive.

Chinese women of the higher class. It is a secluded life, with many families under Working Women of Japan. By Sidney one roof~parents, children, mother-in- L. Gulick. Illustrated, 12mo, xiv-162 pp. law, son's-in-Iaw, and grandchildren. The 50 cents. Missionary Education Move- ment" New Yark, 1915.

wife, kwei-li, turns finally from the Dr. Gulick gives us here the first ex- Chinese gods to Christ and in Him finds tended treatment of the increasingly impeace. portant theme, the working women of Japan. A reviving Buddhism, under the Beautifully illustrated and well written, stimulus of Christian ideals, has renewed this illuminating story is well worth read- it, ancient interest in some forms of ing by young missionaries going to China philanthropy, but the serious problems of and by those at home who desire a industrialism have awakened little conglimpse of the inside of upper-class cern, except among Christians. The con- Chinese homes.

The Most Vital Mission Problem of ditions of women in domestic and agri- the Day. By the Rev. Frederick cultural employments, the more than Schwager, S.V.D. 12mo. Mission Press, 1,000,000 factory girls, the 30,000 geisha, Teckney, Illinois, 1915. A small volume, the 50,000 shogi, are set forth in useful hardly more than a bound pamphlet.

This is a translation, by the' Rev. detail. The closing chapter is devoted

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

to the Matsurgama Working Girls' ed. Missionaries and religion in Santo Home, the remarkable enterprise of Mr. Domingo are referred to a" follows: Shinjiro Omoto, which is illustrating to "Just what work Christian missionaries the community and to the government are doing among these people I do not one phase, at least, of the Christian know; but certainly there is a great op- solution of the problem of the working portunity, at any rate; the great needs of girl. the hour are education and religion. Until both come this will continue to be Historic Churches of Mexico. By Mrs. the most backward portion of the Vv-est- John Wesley Butler. Illustrated, 8vo, ern Hemisphere." 258 pp. $1.50, net. The Abingdon Press, New York and Cincinnati, 1915. Introducing the American Spirit. By Mrs. Butler's description of twoscore Edward A. Steiner. Illustrated. 12mo. pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., Mexican churches, noteworthy as ex- 1915. ponents of the legends and traditions of their ecclesiastical system, is of value Professor Steiner is never dull. He is to the tourist in search of Spanish archi- always original and thought-compelling, tecture and local color. To the student and his latest volume is worth reading. of mission fields and faiths this record Americans will here see themselves as of the visions and miracles upon which others see them; foreigners will see these churches have been founded and America as a loving adopted son sees his of the credulity of their worshipers is foster-mother country. The description a revelation of the Roman Catholic of America and the interpretation of the Church in that country. The conclusion American spirit is given in the form of is inevitable that the Mexican people a bright, entertaining narrative. A Gerhave received stones for bread. "The man director and his wife are guided hungry sheep look. up and are not fed." through the whirl and beauties of Amer- ican life and scenery with a running Bahaism and Its Claim. By Samuel G. fire of criticism and repartee that reveals Wilson, D.D. 8vo, 298 pp. $1.50 net. Flem- the failings and excellencies of the land ing H. Revell Co., 1915. and the people. Bahaism claims to have somewhat Along the Trail. By Sarah G. Pomeroy. similar relation to Islam as Christianity 12mo. 96 pp. 40 cents, net. Fleming H. has to Judaism. It is founded on Islam, l.evell Co., 1915. but has advanced to broader and higher Juniors will be greatly interested in spiritual ideals under the lead of a new teacher. Bahaism is far from Christian this collection of pen pictures of Indians, and it would be well for those who are Pilgrim fathers, Eskimos, Negroes, lenient toward it in England and Amer- mountaineers and foreigners in America to read this revelation. Ica. It is full of life and color, and seems more like a collection of traveI- The Future of South America. By Roger tales than a text-book. W. Babson. Map. 12mo, 407 ~<). $1.50, net. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1915. The Revelation. By Arno C. Goebelein. 12mo. 208 pp. 50 cents, net. "Our Latin-America is in the public eye. It Hope," New York, 1915. is a coming continent. Mr. Babsun deals The most obscure book of the New with its great commercial future, taking up in detail the conditions in each separ- Testament is the most fascinating to ate country in turn. The suggestions those who study it with a key to unlock to those having trading interests in its treasures. Mr. Goebelein has given South America are of particular value. us both an analysis and an interpretation PopUlations and educational conditions that are worthy of careful study. The are indicated briefly, but social and re- imagery, the prophecies, the meaning all ligious conditions are scarcely mention- require deep study, and it is not surpriz-

ing that there are different interpreta- My Lady of the Chinese Courtyard. By tions. Mr. Goebelein recognizes the Elizabeth Cooper. 12mo, xvi-262 pp., Ilvarious "schools" and himself looks to the future for fulfilment. The Scarlet lustrated. $1.50, net. Frederick A. Stokes Woman he accepts as picturing the Papal Co., New York, 1915. system and the thousand years as following the destruction of world by em- Sketches From Formosa. By the Rev. W. pires and the personal return of Christ. Campbell, D.D. F.R.G.S. 6s. Marshall It is a study Biblical and spiritual with Bros., Ltd., London, 1915. abundant reference to history. A Short History of Japan. By Ernest Blood Against Blood. By Arthur S. Booth-Clebborn. 12mo. 176 pp. 50 Wilson Clement. Illustrated, Map, x-190 cents, net. Charles C. Cook, N ew York, pp. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1915. 1915. The writer, a son-in-law of General Missions and Leadership. By J. Camp- bell White, M.A." LL.D. 16mo. 192 pp. William Booth of the Salvation Army, 50 cents, net. Presbyterian Committee of makes a vigorous and impassioned protest Publication, Richmond, Va., 1915. against war. It is a tremendous indict- The Inspiration of Responsibility and ment, and calls for careful consideration Other Papers. By the Rt. Rev. Charles on the part of Christians. Whatever the motives for human warfare, itS' methods H. Brent. 12mo, 236 pp. $1.50, net. are unchristian and brutish, Longsman, Green & Co., New York, 1915.

Christian Psychology. By Rev. James Fifty Years' Ministry, 1865-1915. Mem- Stalker, D.D. 12mo. 281 pp. $1.25, net. ories and Musings. By the Rev. Wm. Geo. H. Doran Co., New York, 1915. Cuff. Is., net. Baptist Union Publica- While many of us do not agree with tion Department, London, 1915. Dr. Stalker in all of his statements and conclusions, missionaries and students Their Call to Service. A Study in the wiII find these studies valuable. They Partnership of Business and Religion. relate to the various faculties and senses, By Philip E. Howard. 16mo, 157 pp. 60 and their inftuencee on morals and reli- cents, net. The Westminster Press, Philagion. The volume is written in Dr. Stal- delphia, 1915. ker's own clear and forceful style The Reign of the Prince of Peace. By Overtaking the Centuries; or, Modern Women of Five Nations. By A. Estelle Richard Hayes McCartney. 12rno, 160 Paddock. Pamphlet. 40 cents, paper; 60 pp. Charles C. Cook, New York, 1915. cents, cloth. National Y. W. C. A., New The Kingdom in History and Prophecy. York, 1915. By Lewis Sperry Chafer. 12mo, 159 pp. The Y. W. C. A. work has been reach- 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., ing out to the women of all nations. Its New York, 1915. peculiar field, history, methods and excellent results are here given in brief Children in South America. By Katherine but interest-compelling form. A. Hodge. Illustrated. 12mo, 128 pp.

NEW BOOKS Is. Sd., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh China Mission Year Book, being "The 191~ , Christian Movement in China," 1915 The Second Missionary Adventure. By (Sixth Year of Issue). Edited by Rev. D. Warren H. Wilson. 16mo, 32 pp. 35 Yceonrts~ MacGillivray, M.A., D.D. 12mo, xi-S86, net. Fleming H. Revell Co. New 252, Ivi pp. $4.00. With Map. Christian 1915. ' Literature Society for China, Shanghai, 1915. Church Finance. A Study of Wrong The Students of Asia.By Sherwood Eddy. Illustrated, 12mo, 223 pp. Student Volun- Methods and the Remedy. By Frederick teer Movement, New York, 1915. A. Agar. 12mo. 108 pp. 50 cents. Mis- sionary Education Movement, New York, m~ Was It Worth While? The Life of Theo- dore Storrs Lee. By Some Friends of His. 12mo. 178 pp. Illustrated. 50 cents net. Association Press, New York, 1915: How to Live. Rules for Healthful Living b~sed on Modern Science. By Irving FIsher and Eugene Lyman Fisk, M.D. Illustrated, 12mo, xxiii-345 pp. $1.00, net. Funk & WagnaIIs Co., New York, 1915.

The Negro. By W. E. Burghardt Du Bois Ph.D. 254 pp. 50 cents. Henry, Holt Co., New York, 1915.

A Woman in the Sahara. By Helen C. Gordon. Illustrated, 350 pp. 65., net. Heinemann, London, 1915.

Sav_;;e Man in CLtra1 Africa. A study of Primative Races in the French Kongo. By Adolphe Louis Cureau. Illustrated, 351 pp. 12s. 6d., net. Fisher Unwin, London, 1915.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1915

fOI2

MlSSIONA~Y fiDES 1. A Chinese Christian recommends "knee medicine" as the best cure for the opium habit, idolatry and other sins. (See page 700.) 2. Korean Christian women are so eager to learn to read that some begin reading lessons at the age of seventy. One of the best of the Bible women did not learn to read until she was thirty. (See page 689.) 3. American tourists sometimes meet with unexpected rebukes in ] apan, as happened not long ago when one of them asked a merchant to make out a false bill to deceive American customs officials. "No," was the reply, "I am trying to teach my clerks honesty." (See page 687.) 4. A copy of the Buddhist Bible, as printed in Tibetan on the Chinese border, consists of 108 volumes, makes four pack-mule loads, and is worth $450 gold. (See page 672.) 5. Dr. K. Ibuka, President of the Meiji Gakuin, a Christian University in ] apan, says that "among the thoughtful Japanese there is a growing conviction that the old ethical ideals and sanctions have lost their authority. . . . The people are turning their eyes and thoughts to Christianity as the only source of power adequate to the great task of a moral renewal of the people." (See page 653.) 6. In the great demand for Western literature in ] apan, many demoralizing books and plays are having an immense circulation. This condition reveals a great field for the circulation of Christian literature. (See page 703.) 7. H. S. Kimura, a successful Japanese evangelist, who is called the ii] apan- ese [lilly Sunday," and has preached with great effectiveness in ] apan, is now on a visit to the United States. (See page 704.) 8. Missionaries in Korea are appealing for good picture-cards, to counteract the demoralizing pictures widely distributed to advertise cigarets. (See page 705.) 9. After seven years' hard work an Arabic reference Bible has been com- pleted by Dr. Franklin E. Hoskins of Beirut, Syria. (See page 710.) 10. Three Chinese were baptized at the student conference in Northfield, Mass., a Methodist bishop, a Chinese pastor and a Y. M. C. A. secre- tary taking part in the service. Six Chinese were also baptized this year at the student conference in Eaglesmere, Pa. (See page 715.) 11. Candidates for membership in the large Presbyterian church at Elat, Nest Africa, must wait at least two years, receive weekly instruction and contribute regularly to the church. These probationary classes number 15,000 and the church membership is 2,3DO. (See page 644.) 12. Ten Christian Eskimo have shown their missionary spirit by agreeing to go, at their own expense, on a two years' evangelistic trip with a mis- sionary to a distant land off the coast of Northern Canada. (See page 645.)

K. mUKA, PRESIDENT OF MEI]I GAKUIN, TOKYO

The lieiji Gakuin, a University founded by the Presbyterian and Reformed Missions, has a Theological Department with about thirty students, a Collegiate Department with forty students, and an Academy with 325 students II EVIE Vol. XXXVIII, No.9 SEPTEMBER, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No.9 Old Series New Series II ,SIGNS-VOF-VTHE""TIMES i I 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111 .111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111IIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ EVANGELISTIC CAMPAIGN IN over two hundred persons, in all parts of the empire. Nearly nineteen OSAKA hundred persons signed cards, and about two hundred have already re- I T is estimated that about 80,000 ported for baptism.

people gathered in the various The greatest satisfaction to the meetings during the recent five churches and pastors has come, not months evangelistic campaign in through the large and successful Osaka. The meetings were held in meetings, but because of the spirit a theater, hotel, post office, in banks, of unity among all the Christians and in a public school, as well as in and workers. This is another examthe churches. Some were for men ple of the kind of work that is being and others for women only. Bank- conducted in many parts of Japan. ers, business men, students, churchmembers, and Christian workers had TEMPERANCE MOVEMENTS IN their addresses fitted to each group. JAPAN Perhaps half the number who attended the meetings were Christians, A GROWING temperance sentibut thousands of non-churchgoers also listened to the Gospel. Many ment in Japan is reported by methods were used to call attention Rev. E. O. Mills, who is engaged in to the campaign. The newspapers were evangelistic work among railway utilized, as in Tokyo and Kyoto, to men. Last summer, for example, a publish a brief and clear account of temperance society was organized in Christian truth. This newspaper ad- Fukuoka with over one hundred vertising brought enquiries from members, and this year on New The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowiedge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS. .

Year's Day, which is usually a time elements of nature, but the predomiof drunkenness, the station master nant feature of their religion is fear was brave enough to leave sake out of evil spirits. Now they are maniof the fare. His many callers were festing a desire to find something served with a favorite non-intoxi- that will liberate them from demon cating drink made from parched slavery. They hail Christianity with grain. eager expectations and if the Chief accepts, the people say that alI the The usual excursion for railway others wiII follow. The people made employees was held in March, and this statement. The Chief made no the Western Kyushu section met in objection to accepting Christianity till Fukuoka. Three special trains the question carne up of tearing down brought the people for a day, re- the household shrines in which they turning in the evening. During the believe that the spirits of their anfive days 7,scXJ carne. They met in cestors reside. He said he would the largest theater, afterward spend- have to consult with his people first ing the remaining hours in sight- and if they concluded to accept Chrisseeing. For the entire trip sake was tianity he would build a house for prohibited. The superintendent of the missionary to live in when he the Kyushu lines and his wife are came to teach them. There is reason both earnest Christians. The wives to hope that the Yao will soon turn of many of the men were also pres- to Christ en masse. ent. All of the people were happy, and it was a fine example of tem- CHANGES IN BOLIVIA perance, for even in the parks none of these thousands of people brought FOR nearly four hundred years, even beer. There still remains a great battle to fight against strong the only religion permitted by law drink in Japan, but there are many in Bolivia was Roman Catholicism, encouraging signs of victory. and the penalty of death was provided for those who would at- POSSIBLE MASS MOVEMENT IN tempt to propagate any other faith. "A Protestant was not allowed by SIAM the authorities, ecclesiastic or civJ1, to have family worship in his own 1~ HE Yao, several thousand of home," says Rev. A. B. Reekie, the whom live in the mountains of pioneer missionary of the Canadian Baptist Board. "When we entered northern Siam, are showing a re- the country," he says, "the Constimarkable readiness to receive Chris- tution of Bolivia read: 'The State tianity. They have emigrated to recognizes and maintains the Roman Siam from the Chinese provinces of Catholic Apostolic Religion, and pro- Kiangsi and K wangtung, and are re- hibits alI other public worship, exmarkable, says Rev. C. R. Callender, cept in colonies, where there will be for at least two things, "the good toleration.''' The religious attitude of order maintained in their society and all Bolivians was antagonistic to their industrious habits." evangelical work. This was sixteen years ago. The Yao worship spirits of their ancestors and certain spirits who are supposed to have control of the

OF THE

To-day, after sixteen years, Bolivia In spite of the opposition of the is greatly changed. The revolution priests, literature scattered in the resulted in a change of government, homes has done much to disabuse a break with the past, and a for- the, minds of the people of erroneous ward march was begun. Now conceptions, and has taken the edge there is full religious liberty and off their fanaticism. Besides those marriage is a state ceremony. The baptized into the Evangelical Church cemeteries have been taken from the many have profest to accept Christ Church and are under the control as Savior. of the municipalities. The clergy, no matter what their crime, were The people of Bolivia are more formerly answerable only to the liberal than formerly, less fanatical, , ecclesiastical courts, but are now an- more ambitious, more open to for- swerable to civil courts. Religious eign influence, but something more instruction is no longer permitted in than reformed laws and improved Government schools during school educational facilities are needed to hours. Two convents have been re- touch the inner life of the people. cently confiscated, and others are The regenerating influence of the threatened. The city council of La Gospel of Christ is absolutely neces- Paz, the Capital, has prohibited all sary. religious processions on the streets, and the question of separation of A GREAT CHURCH IN AFRICA Church and State will probably soon be an accomplished fact. FOR a church of 2,297 members At least 60 per cent. of the men to be developed in nineteen years of Bolivia (exclusive of Indians) from a group of two men and four have drifted away from the Church women is remarkable. That such a of Rome, and the attitude of many church has 15,000 contributors by of the women also toward Romanism envelop to support its 107 evan- and toward the Gospel has greatly gelists and seventy village schools changed. Few young men are pre- almost surpasses belief. This has paring for the priesthood, and those been done by the Presbyterian Mis- few are from the lower classes. Al- sion at Elat, German Kamerun, West ready some rural parishes have been Africa, in the interior of Africa, abandoned for lack of ·priests. When where natives formerly were canni- the Minister of Education undertook bals. In addition to its membership to build up a national system of of 2,300, Elat has two catechumen education he found himself handi- classes, numbering respectively 2,000 capped by lack of buildings, equip- and 1,300. Noone can be admitted ment and suitable teachers, and by to the Elat church as a member with- old and antiquated methods. The out a probationary period of at least mIsSIon schools gave a practical two years under weekly instruction demonstration of new methods and in these classes. This gives the new ideas, and helped the. Govern- church a waiting-list over six times ment to reconstruct the national its membership. system along modern lines. The first test of the African mis- sion convert, when admitted to the probationer's class, is that he must

give up his fetish; the next he must the front of the church, and the dirt settle his palavers-pay his debts, with which to make the adobes, or give up surplus wives, give up out- sun-dried brick.

wardly at least every immorality. Another man, who had been a fa- Then as a third step, he must take natic and a drunkard, gave a month's a bunch of envelops and become a wages with which to begin with the weekly contributor-two years before purchase of the lime, and has prom- reception into the church. A care- ised to furnish all the lime as it is ful record is kept, and his card is needed. He was converted while punched each month for church at- working on the girls' school building.

tendance and for contributions. Another Christian, who is a painter, During the twelve months ending has promised to paint the building August I, 1914, 7,500 persons con- as his contribution, and another who fest Christ at the Elat church. Of has oxen will do the hauling.

these, 5,000 were led to Christ by The Home Mission Society in Gua- the native workers. The entire for- temala city has collected within the eign missionary force last year con- last year one hundred and fifty dolsisted of three ordained men, four lars in the midst of the hardest times laymen, five missionaries' wives, two ever known there. Many give a part single women. of their time as well as a tenth of NATIVE EVANGELISM IN GUATE- their income to God's service. These MALA are the beginning of signs wrought by God through the people of Guate- EVANGELICAL work in Latin mala.

America is gaining headway, but CHANGES IN THE SOLOMON is even more difficult than in non- ISLANDS Christian Africa and Asia. It is, therefore, particularly encouraging to ONE of the striking results of read of the efforts put forth by mem- Christianity in the Melanesian bers of the Evangelical churches in Jslands is the fact that peace and Guatemala, Central America, for unity result from the mISSIOnary the evangelization of their own peo- work. Human life is held very cheap ple. Recently, at' a Home Mission among the heathen in Melanesia, and meeting in the Presbyterian Church in murders are of frequent occurrence.

the capital city, it was decided to use The death of a chief, the death of a the Home Mission funds already col- loved child, a murder, a death by lected to erect a chapel in Amatitlan. misadventure, all have to be coun- One of the members of the present tered by a further death. The in- little church in Amatitlan a few years troduction of 'Christianity in any vil- ago was a drunkard and a saloon- lage alters all this, and brings se- keeper. When he was converted he curity of life and peace.

cast out the rum and turned his house TMre is no community life into a preaching-place, and for sev- among the native people apart from eral years the Gospel has been that in. the mission villages. The preached there. N ow he has offered heathen live in scattered settlements to give the stone with which to make and know nothing of organized com-

munity life. One of the first effects (hunting and trapping for a living) of Christianity is to gather together to a distant island, to carry the the various scattered family groups, Gospel which had transformed their and to give them a settled habitation own lives.

and a common interest, and thus to promote an outward unity. UPROOTING VICE IN CHICAGO THE GOSPEL AND THE ESKIMO EVERY large city should be en- I N contrast to the statements of couraged and instructed by the recent report of the Chicago Com- some travelers that the Eskimo mittee of Fifteen, that has been fight- should be left alone in their ignorance ing against commercialized vice in and squalor stands the forceful tes- that city. This committee num- timony of Mr. John Firth, a Scotch bers among its members some 0 f officer of the Hudson Bay Company, the ablest and most energetic citizens 'who has been in the north for over of Chicago, including many well- forty years. Bishop Stringer quotes known church people, and the vice his remarks on the changes wrought interests have come to fear the com- by Christianity in the Eskimo. mittee more than any other force in "The Huskies (Eskimo) are as Chicago.

different as light is from darkness The publicity methods have had a compared to a few years ago. They tremendous effect. Hundreds of used to be dishonest and treacherous. houses in the city have been rid of Each man carried two knives, one in immoral women by owners or agents his. boot leg and the other in his who had been indifferent in regard hand, and no one felt safe when to the use of their property or who they were about. They stole what- had been content to receive revenue ever they could lay their hands on. so long as their names were not in- When the Husky boats were seen volved.

coming up the river for their annual The committee attributes much of visit in the summer, everything mov- its Success in the elimination of able was hidden away that could be vicious resorts to the cooperation of stolen. They were openly and real estate owners and agents. Real shamelessly immoral. It would be estate men are acknowledging that it indecent even to attempt to describe is neither good morals nor good busi- the depth of their immorality. ness to permit property under their N ow what a great change! I have control to be used for immoral pur- not heard of any stealing at all of poses. The removal of telephones late. You can trust an Eskimo with from evil resorts has also been a great anything, and morally you would not blow to the traffic.

know they were the same people." Churches and congregations are The change is not simply one of asked particularly to help in the or- moral standards, but is marked by a ganization of new councils, local genuine devotion to ,Christianity. bodies which will cooperate with and The Bishop tells of ten Eskimos who assist the committee in its further agreed to go with a missionary on a work of suppressing commercialized two years' trip, at their own 'expense, VIce. Let other cities take notice.

EVENTS

September 2d to 5th-International Woman's Missionary Society of the Evangelical As- sociation Convention, Marion, Ohio.

9th-The 75th anniversary of the death of Ko-thah-byu, 1840.

October 1st-American Christian Literature Society for Moslems Conference. Ad- dresses by Dr. John R. Mott and Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, New York.

7th-General Conference of the Evangelical Association, Los Angeles, Cal. 12th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Concord, N. H. 12th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Chicago, Ill. 17th to 20th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Buffalo, N. Y. 19th-Provincial Synod Episcopal Church, Sewanee, Tenn. 20th to 22d, 24th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Detroit, Mich. 21st to 27th-National Congregational Council, New Haven, Conn. 24th to 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Chicago, Ill. 24th to 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Pueblo, Colo. 25th-American Missionary Association Conference, New Haven, Conn. 27th to 29th, 31st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Pittsburgh, Pa, 27th to 29th, 31st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Denver, Colo. 28th-Tenth anniversary, martyrdom of Eleanor Chestnut, China, 1905. 31st to Nov. 3d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Topeka, Kan.

November 2d to 5th-Medical Missionary Conference, Battle Creek, Mich. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Wichita, Kan. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Baltimore, Md. 7th to 10th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Philadelphia, Pa, 7th to 10th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Mitchell, S. Dak. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Milwaukee, Wis. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf.. Portland. Me. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Boston, Mass. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Cincinnati, O. 16th-Provincial Synod, Protestant Episcopal Church, Richmond, Va. 21st to 28th-Home Mission Week. 28th to Dec. Ist-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Wheeling, W. Va. 28th to Dec. Ist-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Waterbury, Conn. 29th-The 40th anniversary of the opening of Doshisha, Japan, 1875.

December 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Manchester, N. H. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, St. Louis, Mo. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Cleveland, O. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Albany, N. Y. 8th-The 75th anniversary of the sailing of Livingstone for Africa, 1840.

8th to 10th, 12th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Toledo, c>.

About South

South America is nearly 5,000 miles long and 3,000 miles wide in the widest part.

There are ten republics, exclusive of Panama and the Guianas. It has the largest rivers, greatest mountain ranges, and the densest forests of any continent in the world. The Amazon River has 60,000 miles navigable waterway. The River de la Plata is 150 miles wide at its mouth, and it is thirty miles wide in front of the city of Buenos Aires, situated 150 miles up the river. It is notable that a high degree of material progress has been made only where there is a large influence exercised by the outside world. Towns left to themselves make little progress. In nine of the ten republics Spanish is the chief language, in the tenth, Brazil, Portuguese is spoken. In most of the countries there are tribes of Indians who speak different languages. South America has over 300 tribes of Indians, some of whom have come under the domination of the Roman Catholic Church, but many have not yet been reached by either Roman Catholics or Protestants. The population is about 50,000,000, out of which number probably 40,000,- 000 have not heard the Gospel sufficiently intelligently for them to understand. At least they do not give evidence of it in their lives. South America is exceedingly rich in natural resources. Material prosperity is advancing rapidly, and educatIon is being pushed in most of the republics. Nine of the republics have granted religious toleration, and the tenth, Peru, is expected to pass the final stage before very long. From the beginning of Rome's domination of South America every effort has been made by the priests to prevent the spread of evangelical truth. The Bible is pronounced an immoral book which will corrupt the minds of those who read it, consequently the priests seize every opportunity to destroy it. A large percentage of the men are opposed to the Church, and do not believe in the priests or in their teaching. In Brazil there is no state church, tho the Roman Catholic Church is generally recognized. The most bitter opposition comes from the priests. As a rule the governmental authorities encourage, rather than otherwise, all evangelical work. The progress of evangelical work is not limited by law or by opposition, but by the paucity of workers and the lack of sufficient means. In some parts is to be seen the most polished civilization, and in other parts there exist degrading forms of slavery and diabolical atrocities. There is no continent that has so few missionaries for its size and population. In any of the ten countries a missionary could have a city and dozens of towns for his parish. In some of the coqntries he could have one or two provinces without touching any other evangelical worker.

ONE RESULT OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN JAPAN A mass meeting of Sunday~school teachers and pupils, Hebiya Park, Tokyo. April 18, 1915

Christianity Has Done

IS Doing for Japan BY PRESIDENT KAJINOSUKI IBUKA, TOKYO, JAPAN President of the Meiji Gakuin 'ROTESTANT Chris- tianity was not only treason to the state, but also to the family. More mP tian missions first en- than that, it was popularly believed tered Japan a little to be closely allied to sorcery. Fifty more than fifty years years ago a Christian was con- ago. It is true that sidered an enemy to the state, an this is but a short enemy to the family, an enemy to span in the history of Christianity society. or of a nation; but the questions are often asked: 'What is the position of Chris- tianity to-day? The national con- What has Christianity done fo:- stitution, freely. granted by the late Japan during the fifty years no'Y Emperor Meiji, now guarantees freepast? dom of faith. This provision was inserted only after most careful con- What results has it produced upon sideration. I once heard Prince Ito, the thought and life of the people? the framer of the Constitution, de- clare that there was a prolonged and Has it proved of practical value spirited discussion before the article as a power to uplift that thought and was adopted. 'What did its inserlife? tion mean? For centuries Shinto, Buddhism, and Confucianism had all To answer these questions intelli- been recognized as lawful; but Chrisgently it is necessary to look back tianity was a forbidden religion. and compare the general situation Thus, when the Emperor gave the half a century ago with the general Constitution to the nation, it meant situation to-day. It is a well-known that Christianity had passed forever historical fact that fifty years ago from under the ban of the Empire, the old edict prohibiting Christianity and all were free to profess their as" "the Evil Sect" was still in full faith in Christ. A few years ago force. Notice-boards proclaiming when the government called together this stern decree were erected in con- the so-called "Three-Religions Conspicuous places throughout the coun- ference" in Tokyo, seven Christian try. Once in every year the head inin:isters were accorded precisel . of every family was required by law the same treatment as the Shint6 to present to the authorities a written and Buddhist high priests and took statement, endorsed by the Buddhist a leading part in the conference. priest of the parish, declaring that Fifty years ago such a thing would neither he nor any other member not have been considered possible. of the family belonged to "the Eyil Sect." To profess Christi:mity meant death; the barest suspicion of it brought imprisonment. Chris-

Moreaver, there are to-day thou- of ethical and spiritual forces, and in sands of Christians in Japan who them many come to know the truths assemble themselves together on of Christianity and to accept Christ every Lord's day for prayer and for themselves.

praise and the reading and preach- These are things patent to all, and ing of the Word of God. Many of may be pointed to as the visible and these are men and women of standing tangible results of Christianity in in the community-lawyers, physi- Japan.

cians, professors in the universities, But there are also other results, editors of influential newspapers, of- less apparent, it may be, to the ficers in the army and navy, members casual observer, but of vital import- of the National Diet. Two of the ance in rightly estimating the Chris- Presidents of the Diet were Elders tian movement in Japan. I refer to of the Church of Christ in Japan; the molding and creative influence of as is also Judge Watanabe, the J ap- Christianity, as manifested in the anese Chief Justice in Korea. changing ideas and ideals of the There are now in Japan many people. The foll?wing examples will Christian synods and conferences serve as illustrations.

and associations. There are 100,000 Changes Wrought by Christianity Protestant Christians with, perhaps, three times as many more who are al- 1. A striking instance of this in- lied to them by conviction if not by fluence of Christianity is seen in the church-membership. More thap two change effected in the estimate of the hundred congregations support their rights of the individual.

own pastors and do work similar to In old Japan, as in tl).e Roman· that of independent congregations in Empire, the state was every thing, Europe and America. There are and the individual nothing. Only re- I,875 Sunday-schools, with 108,000 cently have Japanese words for per- teachers and pupils; and 8r Young lSon and personalit~ been coined.

Men's Christian Associations, with Loyalty to one's feudal lord was the 8,600 members. The Y. M. C. A. loftiest of virtues; and the history of halls in Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe, Japan is full of memorable examples and Nagasaki are substantial build- of its exhibition. Devotion to the ings, in which an effective work is welfare of the State has not ceased being done. to be a virtue worthy of praise; but, There are many Christian schools along with the old, something new and colleges. Among those for boys has come. The old patriotic devo- and young men are Doshisha In tion remains; but it has been supple- Kyoto, and the Meiji Gakuin, mented by the principle of the rights Aoyama Gakuin, and St. Paul's Col- of the individual. It is recognized lege, in Tokyo. Among those for in the new Civil Code as never pe- girls and young women may be men- fore; and it has changed and is tioned 'Kobe College, the Ferris changing the mind of the people in Seminary, the Joshi Gakuin, Aoyama their thoughts of humanity. Noone Jo Gakuin, and Miss Tsuda's school. can deny that this change is due Such instituti9TI§ a~ these are centers primarily to the teaching and power A VIEW OF DOSH1SHA UNIVERSITY, KYOTO A Chdstian University founded by Joseph .Hardy Neesima, a Japanese Christian of Christ, who first proclaimed with a praiseworthy thing in some in- a new clearness and insistence the stances for a daughter to sacrifice essential equality of men as brothers. her virtue for the benefit of her This is an entirely new doctrine in father or family. Japan. Some years ago Chief-J us- tice Miyoshi declared in a public ad- In Japan, even more than in the dress that while, as a Christian, he West, the family is the unit of so- was still only a novice, he had no ciety; and this carries with it infer- hesitation in affirming that he was ences that still at times bear heavily no longer the same man that he upon women as members of the was before he embraced Christianity. family. Nevertheless, to one who Many of his ideas, he said, had knew the old Japan, the change in undergone a complete change; among the position of woman is a revoluthem those .regarding the individual tion. soul. This is only one example out of thousands. Let Ide quote a paragraph from the Introdur:tion to the translation of 2. Another radical change in the the new civil code by Mr. Gubbins ideas of Chief Justice Miyoshi, of the British Embassy: "In no resbrought about by Christianity, was pect has modern progress in Japan that regarding the position of wo- made greater strides than in the imman. provement of the' position of woman. Tho she still labors under certain It is generally admitted that the disabilities, a woman can n.ow ,beposition of woman in Japan was come the head of a family, and can always superior to that of her sisters exercise authority as such; she can in most other Oriental countries. She inherit and can own property and had a dignity and an influence in the manage it herself; if single or a family unknown elsewhere in Asia. widow, she can adopt; she is one Still her position was very different of the parties to adoption effetted by from that of women in countries her husband, and her consent in adwhose civilization has been largely dition to that of her husband is nemolded by the principles of Chris- cessary to the adoption of her child tianity. by another person; she can aCT as guardian or curator, and she h,.s a Both Buddhism and Confucianism voice in fa:nily councils." teach that woman is essentially inferior to man: she is subject to One who knows the history of the what is called the "threefo~d obedi- Vest know~ well that the position of ence." As a daughter she must obey woman in the Roman 'Empire was her father implicitly; as a wife, her very different from what it is in husband; in her old age, her son. Christendoll1. The improvement in This obedience was an obedience the position of woman was chiefly which might deprive her of the most due then, ;J.S it is now, to the insacred personal. rights. The wife fluence of Christiar,tity. History is who was childless, or who refused to simply repeating itself. obey the most arbitrary command of her father-in-law, might properly be 3. The Christian higher educadivorced. It was even regarded as tion of WOlren is another fact of deep ~ignifiC'llce. To Christian missions belongs the honor of intro- new conceptions of sin, new thoughts ducing the higher education of young of God. women. There are now many government high-schools for girls It is a fact of deep significance throughout the country. There are that such Christian words and two government higher – normal phrases as gospel, faith, temptation, schools for young women, tho as yet resurrection, the kingdom of heaven no colleges. Christian missions, how- have .now become household words, ever, have at least half-a-dozen col- even in non-Christian families. It leges or collegiate departments for is not too much to say that the youhg women. Recently Count rising generation, when it thinks of Okuma, in expressing his apprecia- religion, will have to think of it in tion of the value of Christianity to the terms of Christianity. In fact, Japan, laid especial emphasis on the to-day, when the people speak of fact that the elevation of the position religion (Shukyo) they usually mean of Japanese women was largely due Christianity. Nor is this all; to the to Christianity. more intelligent Japanese Chris- tianity is the only religion that is 4. Another fact which Count lofty in its ideals and in which there Okuma placed to the credit of Chris- is the power to lift men up to those tianity was the introduction of ideals. social refor11'ls and betterment. Among these may be mentioned the Civilization and Christianity temperance movement, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, or- For a number of years there has phanages, work for discharged con- been among the more thoughtful men victs, homes for lepers, rescue homes, a growing conviction that the old etc. There are now in Japan many ethical ideals and sanctions have lo~t such institutions maintained by Bud- their authority. It has also become dhist or other non-Christian societies; manifest that mere growth in knowlbut they did not exist before the en- edge does not bring with it a higher trance of Christianity, and by general spiritual life. The young men of the consent the most successful ones are present generation know far more those carried on by Christians. than their fathers knew, but they do Among these reference may be made not do better. Sometimes it seems to the well-known Okayama Orphan- as if they were doing worse. This age; Mr. Rara's Home for Dis- feeling has been greatly deepened charged Convicts; the rescue work by the recent scandals in the navy of the Salvation Army, and the and among the priesthood of the Christian asylums for lepers. It was largest Buddhist sect; and there is the example of Christians that gave keen consciousness of the need of the impulse to similar enterprises by ethical and spiritual renovation. But non-Christians. where is the new transforming power to be found? Japan has tried to 5. Christianity is bringing into the reap all the fruits of Western civillanguage and literature of Japan ization without Christianity; and the new world-views, new ideals of life, attempt has proved a failure. In science, in the system of education, in the new laws enacted, in the Christianity as the only source of adoption of government under a con– power adequate to the great task of stitution, in commerce, in the organ- a moral renewal Of the people. . This ization and training of the army and is the explanation of such a readiness navy, there has been conspicuous ad- of the people to hear and ponder its vance; but in one vital point there message of faith and hope and love.

has been no corresponding advance. The outlook, therefore, is full of In its moral life Japan has been, if promise; but the great task is stilI anything, retrogressive; and the more to be performed. It should not for thoughtful men are coming to see a nl0ment be supposed that there is that something more than a mere no longer need for missionary work cultivation of the intellect, or the es- in Japan. It is true that there are tablishment of constitutional govern- Japanese churches planted firmly" in ment, or material prosperity, or the soil; but what are one hundred military strength, is necessary for the thousand Christians among fifty mil- true well-being of the nation. lions of non-Christian Japanese, and Therein lies the real significance whose number is increasing year by of the so-called Conference of the year half a million or more? The Three Religions held a few years ago old, deep-rooted, intellectual, social, at the invitation of the Minister of and moral hindrances in the way of Home Affairs. The purpose of that Christianity still remain; and they conference, as described by him, was are now strongly reinforced by the to give expression to the conviction rationalism, the agnosticism, and the of men in authority that religion is materialism of the West. The pre- essential in the life of both the in- sent terrible war between the Chris- dividual and the nation, and to call tian nations of Europe, and the re- upon all who profess religion to re- ports of shameful violations of inter- memuer their responsibilities. The national treaties, and the inhuman fact that Christians were included actions of the contending armies are among the representatives composing setting up a new obstacle in the way the conference was public recognition of the Christianization of the people of ChriStianity as one of the in- of Japan. The work requires new fluential religions of Japan. patience and new courage. Yet, A vigorous nation-wide evangelistic looking over the past fifty years, and campaign is now in progress in remembering all that God has Japan. The meetings are crowded wrought, and looking forward to the with interested listeners, and thou- future with so many of the signs sands of men and women are record- of the times beckoning on, we may ing their names as sincere inquirers go forward with good courage and after the truths of Christianity. This 111 strong confidence that the Land is only another one of the many of the Rising Sun will one day be signs of the times; the people are made the Land of the Risen Sun of turning their eyes and thoughts to Righteousness.

He who has no passion to convert needs conversion.-·ARrHuR T. PIERSON

to Secure Large

SPIRITUAL METHODS OF DEVELOPING ADEQUATE STEWARDSHIP – BY REV. ABRAM E. CORY, CINCINNATI, OHIO Secretary of the Men and Millions M.ovement of the Christian Church · g rea t responsibility GREAT age brings an appeal to mere sentiment; it must be one, the supplying of which is ID• A to the Church and to vital to the world's ongoing. It and great opportunity must be a task with a big human ap- peal. its inIdtiviisduuattlerlymeimm~ bers. The curse of formalism was left possible to supply the demands while to the Church by the Middle Ages.

the old notions of stewardship pre- The note of the twentieth century vail and with the present hesitancy brought to the world by the doctrine on the part of the Church to under- of Christ is a humanitarian note. If take great things. the Church is to fulfil Christ's mis- How can large gifts be secured? sion, and, particularly, if it is to They can not be secured by ma- reach the man who is steeped in chinery, nor by mechanical devices. practical affairs, it, too, must have The reaching of the individual for this note.

large things for God must and can. be The task must also embrace a accomplished by spiritual methods great opportltnity. That individual only. whom we sometimes call the "hard- A Worthy Task headed 1;>usiness man," is one of the The adoption of a worthy task is greatest dreamers 'in the world. He the first step necessary to secure is accustomed, in business, to look large gifts. If the Church is to down an avenue of opportunity, and reach the business man who has suc- to dream of its possibilities. So when ceeded, or the individual who has a task is undertaken by the Church, property, it must speak the language it must have in it an opportunity of large enterprises. Business men that is comparable to the great open- do not hesitate to face the largest re- ings in the business world. When sponsibilities, because they have been the task is formulated, it must not be taught that responsibility and busi- stated in the usual terms of the ness are synonymous. Church, but it must be stated in the The same lesson must be taught by concrete, definite, business terms with the Church. It must make the two whic~ the man of affairs is familiar.

terms synonymous in the mind of Need can be stated in definite terms.

the business man. In order to do The necessity of supplying that need that, care must be taken that the can be put in concrete form. The Church does not deal alone in large possibilities of any proposition can, figures, but in large tasks. The task upon a legitimate basis, be foretold that appeals to the business man as in the business world. Any caIl must be one that anticipates a great for liberality to the Church must have need. Thr need must be more than in it the concrete and the definite.

Given such statements of the task, religion of a man's life rather than there is an appeal to a man's conscience. Thank God, the day is pass- how high is his financial status. ing when an appeal to prejudice will bring money! That strong current Money for the Kingdom will never that is carrying us all toward Christian union has made it ,impossible to come, except in an incidental way, appeal to prejudices. We must appeal to the consciences of men. No from the unprepared. A few men longer can we go to a man and get his money because "our church" is may give in a large way because of planning to do this or that. What he wants to know at once 'is whether he the burden of their wealth, but this· is helping to supply a world needwhether there is an opportunity that is rare. The unprepared possessor is big for God in the things he is undertaking. More enterprises are fail- goes away, as the rich young man ing in this hour because the appeal is to prejudice rather than to the con- went away, sorrowfully. science, than for any other single reason .. The steps of preparation are Last of all, but perhaps most im- many. First, a man must be preportant of all, is the fact that any worthy task which will call forth a pared in his childhood, if possible. worthy response must be a. spiritual task. A real spiritual task is big. How many men whom we meet are A real spiritual ta~k fills a great need. It is humanitarian. It embraces a saying, "These terms are new to me, great opportunity. It can be stated in concrete, definite terms. It ap- for while my father was a man of peals to the conscience, and not to the prejudice. It is a task that links wealth, his giving to the Church was with it the names of Christ and God as naturally as any business propo- only very incidental and very measition connects business terms. ger !" ·When we meet the rare indi- The Prepared Giver vidual whose parents were liberal With a worthy task, we can go to the prepared giver. How often we and who gave in a large way for God, have failed to realize that before money is secured there must be the the increase is natural. prepared giver! We have thought that the estimate of Bradstreet or One of the greatest drawbacks at Dunn was the necessary thing. That hour is past. The time has come the present time to prepared giving, when we must know how real is the is the timidi#y of the average preach- er. The preaching of a man on this question can almost instantly be de- termined by the standards of stew- ardship that preva:il in his congrega- tion. The preacher who apologizes when he mentions money for the Kingdom is one of the surest culti- vators of stinginess. On the other hand, the pastor who speaks in clear and forceful tones on the need and opportunity of the world, and of a man's responsibility toward it, and of the continual responsibility, that a man has in his relation to money- that pastor will cultivate real stew- ardship. .

It is a peculiar fact that a great many business men hav~wor1d vis- ions in everything except the King- dom of God, and yet the biggest things that are moving out in the

9 1 5] HOW TO SECURE LARGE

world are the enterprises of God. with the passion that knows no de- When the Church speaks a world- nial. The man who is prepared with language and practises a world-citi- a passion like this can accomplish zenship, then the man of wealth will what otherwise would seem superbe prepared with a world-vision. human. Large giving depends more upon vision than, perhaps, upon any other He must go with a great sympathy one thing. toward the man he approaches. Many times men go into the office or into The call of the Master for the lift- the home of the man of affairs, ed eyes to the harvest ripeness is the thinking only of their own viewpoint, call in this present hour. The giver and not thinking sympathetically of must be prepared by love for the the other man's attitude. The Church work. Men love their money. They often shelters its messengers, and love what it will bring them. They they are unconscious of the crush will not let go of this money unless and temptation of the man in the there is a corresponding love for the business world. They think that beworld-task. Exceptions may occur, cause a man can write a check for a but we must recognize that the mem- large sum of money, he should do it bers of the Church are not giving at once. They fail to remember the adequately, and they must be brought adjustments, the curtailments, and to these high ideals. the embarrassments that such a gift may mean. The greatest preparation that can be made by any man is the prepara- A man of large affairs, worth miltion of prayer. The man who gives lions, said recently: "I believe I am in a large way must be a man who harder up than that day-laborer yonprays and broods and knows. der." I think it was true. The de- mands upon him were far greater, The Prepared Messenger according to his resources, than upon the laborer in the street. Compara- The man who goes to a man of tively speaking, the man with milthis kind must be a prepared messen- lions was more embarrassed financialger. How many times men who are ly than the man with nothing. dreaming over the things of the Kingdom of God have been repulsed The messenger must go with a by the unprepared messenger! God knowledge of his task. He must imhas always used men in mighty en- press the business man as being efterprises who have been prepared for ficient and exp:ert. His information special tasks. In leading the Church must be definite, and no matter what to the larger stewardship, there must unexpected questions are put to him, be the preparation of the messenger. he must have such a knowledge of He must be prepared by a life of his task that nothing can surprize him prayer. No man can go to this task and the merest detail can be anunless his very life is immersed in swered at once. When he goes, be prayer. If he fail in this his mes- must talk a direct language, but it sage must, of necessity, have a false must be God's language. It must note. It will not ring out with God- have dignity and power in it. possibilities. He' must go consumed One of the greatest curses in the

wl:lOle question of giving is that we unto you," there has been the neceshave approached it either in joking sity for the Church to believe this. or in an apologetic method. Recently N at only a belief in prayer is necesa man went to a man's office, and sary, but there must be the vital pracsaid: "I have come to pull your leg." tise of prayer. The Church long ago He went to a man who had been formally accepted all of the prinpraying over a great task. He went ciples of prayer in their relation to to a man who was anxious to talk in comfort and to sorrow, but it has spiritual terms about the thirtgs of not accepted prayer in its vital relathe Kingdom. This man was so tion to its gigantic enterprises. It is chilled that he made a negative reply at this point that the enterprises of to the request. the business world and the enterprises of the Church must separate. The 'The same methods of considera- enterprises of the Church must have tion that are used in the business all of the careful planning, all of the world, the same appeal to the intel- sagacity, all of the looking forward lect, should be used by the messenger that business enterprises have, but, of God. The business world is avoid- in addition to 'these, they must have ing high-pressure methods, and when power back of them, and that power it comes to the Kingdom of God these can come alone from prayer. same high-pressure methods must be carefully avoided. In dealing with a The practise of prayer is an abman who is thinking of giving to the 'solute requisite to the securing of Kingdom of God there must be the large gifts. Prayer must permeate greatest gentleness-the gentleness of the individual messenger. Prayer the Christ must fill the heart of the must permeate the giver, and the messenger. If the man is rude or whole Church must be in prayer for gruff, that should call out even more any enterprise that is to succeed for gentleness and sympathy. When the God. messenger leaves the man's office, he should always have the privilege of Obstacles to Larger Giving coming back. The man with whom he is dealing should be left with a Even when there is a worthy task, desire to see him again and anxious a prepared giver, a prepared messento consider again the whole work of ger, and the whole enterprise per- (he Kingdom. meated by prayer, there are still ob- stacles to be confronted. The gen- The Power of Prayer eral principle must be accepted, that men do not give easily. Men's life's Those who are seeking gifts must heart and blood is wrapt up in their recognize one power. They must money, and it must be a tremendous recognize the power of prayer. The motive that causes men to let go of enterprises of the Church that have their money. The excuses that a failed, can, in most cases, be marked man may give are many. They are either by the lack of prayer or by plausible. They are excuses that apthe lack of faith in prayer. From the peal to his reason, that his friends hour that Christ said on the moun- accept, and that his family urges, and tain-side: "Ask and it shall be given to get back of these there must be a • tremendous motive power.

TO SECURE LARGE

One of the most frequent excuses man dissatisfied with that which is given is the one of a man's obligation wrong in his present standards. to his family. That is a legitimate consideration, but it is not legitimate Another common and frequent exbeyond a certain point. The messen- cuse is that a man is in debt. The ger should have courage to recog- messenger should have the courage nize a man's real obligation to his to ask him what his debts reprefamily, but he should also point out sent? What do they mean? Are that too' high standards of living, they not to make him richer, to intoo much money, and too much ease crease his holdings? Then, over may lead to enervation and to disas- against that, the question should be ter. asked, gently and kindly, "Is nbt the real question not how much of my Following this comes the excuse of money will I give to God, but how the need of a man's money in busi- much of God's money will I keep ness. This is one of the most difficult for myself?" that there is to answer. A man urges his business needs. Again the ques- A messenger went into a business tion is-Shall all of a man and all man's office, and on inquiry from him that represents that man be given to as to how much another man had his business until it is too late for given, replied that he was not able to him to recognize other needs and to give because he was in debt. The enjoy the supplying of them? business man, who is one of the most gentle and polite in the world, struck Another excuse frequently met, is the table and said: "That is a false the standards of living. Many a man standard. The man who is able to will .say, "I can not give with my borrow for himself should borrow present standard of living. Recently, for God," he said. "I have just bor- I was in the office of a man whose rowed four thousand dollars to inface actually worked with emotion as crease my business; I a.m going to he said, "I want to give, I long to put up collateral and borrow that give; but here is my income and much for the work of God in Chihere is my outlay. I have no de- na." And he did. fense for the outlay," he added. "I have built a house far beyond our It takes courage to preach a revoneeds. We have entered a society lutionary doctrine like that. Men that makes its demands upon us far will shrink from it and try to combeyond our income; yet what am I bat it, but is it not right? to do?" And with tremendous em~ tion he remarked, "I would give any- Another reason frequently given is thing if I had the courage to change the many calls that come. This is my standard of living." one of the most difficult reasons to answer and one most frequently The messenger who goes to a man made. The man who makes an exlike this must deal with him with the CLlse like this must be shown that the tenderness of a woman; but, at the present cause is a paramount one, same time, he must leave a note in and that it has in it greater opporhis heart that will forever make the tunities for investment for God than any other.

In going to men, it is often re-

marked that they really are different Begin by getting a man to praymen in their offices than they are In that is one of the most necessal'Y the church or in their homes. A things in giving. A man who had great business man, recently, in a given fifty thousand dollars on a milmeeting with his friends-a man who lion-dollar enterprise, said to a mesis warm-hearted in his Christianity- senger one day, with tremendous confest very frankly that this was emotion: "If you can keep me praytrue, that men of business affairs ing you will get my money." This really lead two existences. He said, man went one morning, months later, "I know that at home and at church to a prayer-meeting, which he led. I am gentle and considerate, but, He came out of that prayer-meeting somehow, at the office the drive of with a tender heart. He was apthe business machine controls me and proached on the question of giving a manipulates me, and takes me out of million dollars. He did not give it myself." quickly, but he went quietly to the study of God's word and to weeks of In going to men we must meet prayer. It was out of the months them at a time when the best of that were 'back of him, it was out of their life is uppermost, and we must the immediate hour of prayer beiore be able to call out from them the the suggestion was made, it was out best that is in their lives. of the prayer that followed, that led him to decide to give a million dol- These excuses many times seem lars for God. All the objections that insurmountable, but over against have been urged above could have them is the power of Christ worktng been urged by this man. He was in in the heart. debt a million dollars. His busidess needs were pressing upon him. The The Triumphs of Stewardship calls were endless, yet on his knees, praying over the world's needs and First of all, the man solicited the world's opportunity, these various should be shown the unexpected re- excuses sank into insignificance, and turns that many times come from a the real task and his obligation to gift. Four years ago a girl heard the God were sup.eme. appeal for a Bible-college building in China. It was a simple appeal for Another great object that must be one specific enterprise. It was not continually urged is the relation of connected with any great movement. the giver to those who have gone be- It called out from this girl's heart a fore. A woman whose husband had liberal response. This gift moved her been a doctor was considering what church until from that simple gift of memorial she could leave for her hussix thousand dollars it went out to band. She thought of a marble shaft, raise a million for foreign missions, and a great many other things apand other millions for other enter- pealed to her, when the world's need prises. A story like this to a busi- was laid upon her heart. At first she ness man, showing returns, and how thought she could give five hundred giving provokes giving in others, will dollars, then, later, the larger appeal answer many objections that may came to her, and she gave thousands seem to him in the beginning insurmountable.

TO SECURE LARGE GIFTS

of dollars to build a hospital in Af- business. He was not a man of rica, that the name of her husband very large wealth, but .one who and the name of his Lord should be would be rated only as a man of linked together to the end of time. moderate means. This man said, "I am sorry you have come, yet at the The messenger seeking gifts should same time I am glad. My judgment make a call to sacrifice. The supreme tells me that I ought not to give gift of the world's history should be anything~ but my conscience says that constantly upon his lips, and the im- I must. I am going to give you mediate sacrifices that men and wo- two thousand dollars now, and if men are making in this critical hour you wm come in the spring I feel should be told frequently to those very sure that I can increase this to who are considering gifts of their five thousand." money. Many times the messenger will not need to make his request. No argument of the messengers The prepared heart will be making could have brought about this decidecisions before he comes. SIon. It was the prepared conscience alone that could work in this way A woman recently came to a mes- on this man's heart. senger of a great enterprise and said, "I wonder if you are discouraged." In contrast to him how different The messenger confest that under was the other man who had come' the terrible strain there were certain fo the end of his day. His daughter discouragements. The woman said, was in a great college and had ap- "I had intended to give a tenth of pealed to him to endow a chair in my principal. I am worth one hun- the college. The pledge was made dred thousand dollars. But now that out and his family all wanted him to God has laid the matter so heavily sign it. His hands shook as he upon my heart I am going to give reached with the pen to sign it, and one-half. I have family obligations, then, torn with emotion, he laid but when I think of what women down the pen and said, "I can't do are doing in Belgium and in other it. I have had the money too long. countries for their countries' sake, I I simply must keep it. I suppose I feel that I would indeed be unworthy .shall go into my grave with it. Oh, if I gave less than one-half to my that I had had a different training Lord." and a different vision." He said, "I want to do it but my will will not The working of conscience in let me." If back of that man had people who have accumulated wealth, been preparation of the conscience leading them to give a legitimate and prayer, his answer would have share to God, is one of the greatest been different. aids to larger stewardship. It goes many times far beyond what even Very often when we go to a man the messenger would ask. In a criti- and ask him to give, we think that cal time last Autumn, when the he has not given according to his stress and burden of business affairs meam. Frequently this is true, but were trying, messengers went to a we know that a. man will and can man who was known to be losing give only according to his vision and one hundred dollars a day in his his light. Vie must remember that

there is growth in giving, and what the first five hundred. Giving is one a marvelous growth it is! A point of the most contagious things in the that must be continually emphasized world. is that a gift is but the beginning of larger and better things. Com- Any campaign should be conpare two campaigns conducted by cerned not only with the large one of the great denominations in givers, but it should seek also those America. It can be seen from a of moderate income. A girl in few cases how giving increased. Chicago gave until it kept her from securing clothing that she needed. In the first campaign a man gave Her pastor protested and the leaders fifty thousand dollars; in the second, of the movement in which she was a million dollars. inter~sted practically refused to ac- cept what she gave, and then she In the first campaign, a woman in said, "Do you know that my interest Texas gave a thousand dollars; in in these larger things is all that keeps the second, one hundred thousand. me from the street ? You do not, know what it means that I can have In California a man gaTe five a part in things like this." thousand dollars in the first campaign and thirty thousand in the All of these cases bring us to second. brief but definite conclusions that giving must never be mechanical, In Colorado a woman gave ten that no pressure but the pressure of thousand dollars in the first cam- Christ's love must ever be put upon paign and one hundred thousand in the life, that the call of the Church the second. must be as big as the world, and that with the world's needs before In Ohio a family gave thirty thou- the Church, the Church must be sand dollars in the first campaign driven to its knees. Truly, the only and one hundred and five thousand way of caring for the world's need in the second. in this crisis-hour in world affairs, IS, as III ancient days, "Not by In Kentucky a man gave five hun- might nor by power, but by my dred dollars in the first campaign spirit, saith the Lord of Hosts." and five thousand in the second, and he informed the messenger that he had given to other things another five thousand dollars since he gave m~ 'JLe~ger The Slipshod Giver The Systematic Giver Spent for Myself For My Lord Sold Corn for $400.00 One·tenth set Cost of rais- aside for the Big Sunday My Missionary Lord's work. $16.50 Dinner ….. $ 5.00 Offering for ing it ….. 300.00 the Year. 50 Cents Entertaining Net gain .. $100.00 My Club…. 2.50 Butter and I Candy. Sodas, Eggs •….. 15.00 Cigars, etc… 10.00 My salary this month ….. 50.00 $17.50 I $165.00 I Which of these looks like a page from your Ledger?

Be honest enough with yourself and with your God to put down in black and white your expenditures, and see what share God! gets from you. -ALVA MARTIN KERR, in The Christian MissioIJary

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!!:!~.~~ JJ 'II ,.. .A DR. R. H. GLOVER'S JOURNEY TO "THE ROOF OF THE WORLD." ARROWS INDICATE DIRECTioN A Trip to the Roof of the World A MISSIONARY JOURNEY TO THE TIBETAN BORDER AND BACK BY REV. R. H. GLOVER, M.D. Foreign Secretary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance , II'TIHE plateau of which Shensi, Kansu, and Szechuan. It Tibet is the center has would be difficult to map out in any other country a tour · offering equal . appropriately bee n variety of features and experiences.

~ I.. called "the roof of the 'hie spent seventy-five days in actual travel by railway, mule-chair, ~ world." The writer's mule-litter, horseback, sedan chair, native boats, and river steamer. In recent journey to the addition to members of the Christian and Missionary Alliance we met with eaves of that roof, on the Kansu- II5 missIonaries; representing nine ~ocieties, at 22 centers. Tibetan border, was for the purpose Sights by the Way of visiting the China-Tibetan Border There were many interesting va- Mission of the Christian and Mis- rieties of landscape, soil, products, food, customs, etc. Proceeding sionary Alliance, in S: W . Kansit northward from Hankow by rail, the low Yangtsze flats soon gave place and the adjacent province of Ando to higher, rolling country, until paddy fields had altogether disappeared and in Outer Tibet. we saw great fields of millet, kao'l- iallg (sorghum), buckwheat, sesamum Hankow, the large and growing Yangtsze river-port, 700 miles in- land from Shanghai, is the point of transhipment and distribution for missionaries and their supplies to the great interior provinces north, west and southwest. Our route, which occupied four months and cov- ered 3,200 miles, took us through five of China's provinces: Hupeh, Honan,

and beans. A pleasing fact was tlIat with the thermometer only a trifle we found no vestige of poppy where above zero. till recently it was one of the main crops. Further north and west in The route from Kansu to Szechuan, Honan and Shensi were vast stretches over the high watershed separating of cotton, wheat and other hardy the great valleys of the Yellow and grains, with here and there beautiful Yangtsze Rivers, is seldom traveled orchards of pear, persimmons and by foreigners. It was in the face of walnut. Between were ranges of warnings as to desperately hard high hills of the loess formation of roads, wretched inns, poor food and light-brown clay, in the sides of lurking robbers that we decided to which live thousands of cave-dwell- attempt it. The predictions proved ers. Some of these hills rise sheer true. On the narrow, uneven and from the plain to a great height, precarious path along rocky ledges with perpendicular walls. Others re- of precipices, sometimes at dizzy semble castles or forts, or rise in heights, a misstep by horse or m:m receding tiers with several rows of would spell disaster if not death. cave-dwellings one above another on Even with a sure-footed horse it was succeeding ledges. Heavy rains at expedient to walk fully one-third o'f times convert the roads into veritable the way. The scenery at every canals of mud a foot or more deep; turn of the deep, lonely canyon was and again the long dry season fur- majestic. nishes dust which well-nigh chokes and stifles the traveler. We fre- At a busy mart called Pi-k'eo, a quently met long caravans of heavily few miles north of the Kansuladen carts and pack-mules, and in Szechuan border, we secured space these narrow cuts passing is a task on a native medicine-boat to travel which taxes to the limit the strength down a swift tributary of the Kiaof mule, the ingenuity (and, inci- ling and had a thrilling experience dentally, also, the bad language) of of shooting rapids. For the first driver and the nerves of traveler. eighty miles not a stroke of an oar was taken to propel the large boat, Carts are no longer of use when the entire energies of a crew of we reach the high mountains of east- twenty-six men being devoted to ern Kansu, and pack-mules, donkeys, steering the craft safely through the and horses take their place. The sta- roaring waters by means of a huge tions of the Christian and Missionary sweep at the bow and two smaller Alliance vary in altitude from 6,500 ones at the sides. to g.,500 feet. The climate is cold, dry and invigorating, the soil only At Paoning, where the Tung-kiang meagerly productive, the population empties into the Kialing River, the sparse. We crossed at least three boat was exchanged for sedan-chair, ranges in Southern Kansu (some- and a ten-day trip brought us to the times called the Alps of China), at Yangtsze at Vanhsien, 320. miles :!. height' of between' II,OOO . and above Ichang. The beautiful country 12,000 feet, the last one in early was studded with densely peopled December in a driving snowstorm citi«s and busy' markets, which con- trasted sharply with bare and sparsely populated Kansu. The re- A GLIMPSE OF THE ROAD THROUGH A GORGE IN SOUTHERN KANSU

maining 700 miles lay down the fa- caprice, cruelty, and passion. When mous and magnificent gorges of the shall all these lonely sheep hidden in Yangtsze to Ichang and thence by the caves of Shensi or wandering on steamer to Hankow. Again and the mountains of Kansu hear the again have missionary parties been Good Shepherd's voice? Who with wrecked and suffered the loss of all patient love will tell them of Him their goods in the rapids, tho for- and lead them to His fold? "And tunately no missionary life has ever obher sheep I have," we seem still been lost. to hear Him saying softly, "them The Mission Field also I must bring." Must He? Then some one who belongs to Him must The impression which stamps it- be His messenger.

self most forcibly of all upon the The only two missions at work mind of a missionary vIsItor to in Kansu are the China Inland Mis- China's remote interior must be that sion and the Christian and Mission- of the overwhelming evangelistic ary Alliance. The former has two need that still exists. On one sec- stations in the southeast, but the tion of the journey alone, from the larger portion of its work lies in the end of the railway to the first sta- north. Recently its workers have tions in Kansu we passed at least penetrated far beyond the boundary eight or nine walled cities, not to of the province into the New Do- speak of very many smaller places, rJlinion. The Christian and Mission- all of which still remain unmanned ary Alliance field is that section of and almost wholly unworked. This Kansu west of the rao River and was only on one direct line of south of the Yellow River, altho it march. The map showed several has two main stations and several times this number if a strip of a few outstations slightly to the east of tens of miles on either side of this the T'ao. Its aim has been to occupy route was included. the border towns as 'bases for opera- If it is true that from 70 to 80 tions into Tibet. The chief Chinese per cent. of China's population lives cities at present worked are Titao, in the country, not in cities or K'ung-ch'ang, Minchow, Kaichow towns, what further emphasis does and Taochow New City. Taochow this give to the unmet need of the Old City constitutes a combined millions of this people! Never be- Chinese and Tibetan station; Hochow fore was the burden of compassion a center for work equally among and concern for darkened heathen Chinese and Mohammedans, while souls rolled quite so heavily upon the town of Chane and the villages our heart. There was such a pathos of Lu-pa and Hsien-ti, across the that spoke of unsatisfied longing in border, are wholly Tibetan.

many faces which we scanned, par- Kansu presents serious race prob- ticularly those of the poor women lems. Chinese, Mohammedans and Ti- with tJ:1eir cheerless life of drudgery, betans living in close proximity and the patient sufferers of a lot in relations one with another are yet which they have had no choice, and quite distinct in race, religion, and to too often the undefended victims of a large extent in language. More

A TRIP TO THE ROOF OF THE

THE WORK OF "WHITE WOLF"-A CORNER OF T'AOCHOW AFTER A RAID BY THE CHINESE BANDIT

than this-and a fact which enters An Liang, said to be at once the seriously into missionary work-they richest and the most influential man cordially dislike and suspect one an- in Kansu.

other. We were profoundly imprest with The Chinese are much the most this place as a strategic center for numerous, but they may be passed by work among Moslems in Kansu, and without special mention as being no have ever since continued to pray different from their fellows in the for some strong, consecrated man other provinces, except perhaps in who will fit himself as a specialist their greater illiteracy and frugality for such work, which must be reof living, for Kansu is a most back- garded and treated as a distinct enward province. terprise in itself if it is to be made a success. The pronounced antipathy Of a total population of ten mil- existing between Chinese and Molions in all Kansu the Mohammedans hammedans makes joint gospel work probably constitute two millions. for the two classes unsatisfactory. The large majority of them are Chin- We were told that in Hochow feuds ese speaking, and while possessing are frequent and bitter. Deeply ima slight sprinkling of Persian blood bedded in the Moslem heart is a they are, through intermarriage and hatred of Chinese dominancy and a long residence among the Chinese, cherished hope some day to shake off fully assimilated, except in religion. the yoke. Those who know the There are also Turkish Mohamme- situation most intimately have grave dans, commonly called salas, num- fears that the Mohammedans III bering over 100,000, and Mongolian Mohammedans, numbering between 150,000 and 200,000. In the part of Kansu are only waiting for some fa- Kansu under consideration they vorable opportunity to rise in rebel- occupy mainly three counties, but lion for which they have long been their greatest center of population is preparing, and that should trouble Hochow, the city toward which the elsewhere in the republic provide late William W. Borden was looking. such opportunity by diverting China's We spent two days there visiting attention and calling away her Kansu the outstation of the Christian and troops there would follow in that Missionary Alliance, whose twenty province a time of bloodshed which or thirty local converts are all would be terrible indeed. May God Chinese. Hochow is a large, busy postpone the day!

and up-to-date city. The district The Tibetan province of Ando, within the walls is almost entirely adjoining Kansu, has a population of occupied by Chinese, while that out- about one million, and the Tibetans side, constituting by far the most within the present field of the Chris- important business section, is as ex- tian and Missionary Alliance along clusively in the hands of Mohamme- the border constitute about one- dans, who have, here as everywhere quarter of that number. There are else, captured the biggest part of the many separate tribes, such as the trade. This city is the home of the Golok, T'eh-pu, Chone, Drokwa, and famous Mohammedan General Ma Black Tibetans. They are wild,

A TRIP TO THE ROOF OF THE WORLD

sturdy farmers and hunters, and and other regular methods as in many of them fierce robbers. Edu- China. Thus far the work has concation and morality are on a sadly sisted of longer and shorter tours low level among them. The popu- among the villages, following provilation, unlike that of China, is on dential openings, and these tours have the decrease, the chief cause being been the means of steadily breaking the prevailing custom of all but one down SuspICIOn and prej udice in of the sons of a family entering the general and of forming not a few priesthood, leaving the remaining one warm individual friendships which to keep up the homestead and con- have in turn led on to an exchange tribute to their support. The gross of visits of several days' duration at ignorance, open debauchery and the missionary station and in village abominable secret sins which so homes.

CROSSING THE SNOW-CLAD MOUNTAINS IN KANSU. 1l,()()O FEET HIGH, IN ZERO WEATHER largely dominate the life of the The Tibetans are as hospitable to Tibetan monasteries are notorious, their friends as they are hostile to while their absolute control of the their enemies, and entertain their people stultifies and depraves the guests royally. The mIssIOnaries entire community, and makes it have most willingly adapted themdoubly hard for a Tibetan to confess selves to the social tendencies of the Christ. people by providing ample guest- rooms and entertainment for visitors Missionary work under such con- on their stations. During our ditions is obviously attended with twelve days' stay at T'aochow we many difficulties. The fact, too, that met a number of Tibetan guests the population is scattered in small from various Pflrts, a few from villages, with no centers of any size places thirty or forty miles distant. except the main monasteries, pre- We in turn enj oyed the unique exvents the employment of street-chapel

THE ASSEM BLY HALL. CHONE TIBETAN MONASTERY perience of two days' visiting in the H is name Aku Cherul has the dighomes of several Tibetan friends. nified meaning of "Uncle Rotten Dog," but he is a man of real promi- Leaving T'aochow at daybreak nence, and well-to-do, being the and crossing the beautiful, clear- headman over several villages in the watered T 'ao River on one o f the valley. characteristic ferry-boats pulled across on a h<:avy rope cable, we We were, however, ushered into rode over a range of hill s skirting his spacious house, and in a few minthe river and entered a lovely, fer- utes he himself appeared, his intile valley dotted with villages. At stincts of hospitality for the time our approach on horseback scores of overcoming his religiou s devotions. fine pheasant and other gam e fl ew ;Ve were agreeably surprized at the up from the grassy roadsides. The fine character of this and several villages were straggling affairs, each other Tibetan homes we visited home being encloseci by its own high among the upper class. The main wall. In a n open space in the first apartment, where we were received, village we came upon a large group was large and attractively appointed, of women squatting on the ground the walls being finished with panelturning prayer-wheels and chanting ling of polished boards in dark color. a weird, monotonous air. This an- A large, well built k'amg or raised nounced the fact that we had come platform, overlaid with pretty and on a dumb-fast day, when a large costly rugs of Mongolian wool, did proportion of the villagers, from re- double service as sitting-room and ligious motives, were abstaining dining-room for the guests. There from speaking and eating. We we sat cross-legged around a low questioned if the host who had in- table laden with yiands, which invited us would be free to receive l1S. cluded a steaming leg of fine mut-

5] A TRIP TO THE ROOF OF THE

ton, bowls of rich milk, cups of tea cular form, as we observed when he into which big lumps of butter were at times thrust out a bare arm and dropt, honey, and a big dish of shoulder from his great single garbarley flour from which each guest ment of sheepskin girdled at the was supposed to help himself and waist. His head was surmounted with the aid of butter knead his cake with a huge fur cap. Such, with the of indispensable tsamba. The food addition of high skin boots, constiwas prepared in a well-ordered kit- tutes the common dress of both chen in one corner of the same apart- sexes the whole year round in that ment, furnished with a liberal array bracing climate. Aku Cherul was for of iron and brass utensils. The whole a time a bitter enemy and opponent p'ace had an air of affluence and of th~ missionaries, but like many DR. GLOVER WITH CHRISTIAN ANP MISSIONARY ALLIANCE CHINESE EVANGELISTS IN KANSU Pf..OVTNCE even a measure of refinement. Four others has become their staunch women of the family busied them- friend, even tho as yet he has selves waiting on us. They were shown no sign of repentance and robust and pleasant-faced, and their faith in Christ. plaited hair was heavily adorned with brass and silver ornaments. They It was deep1y impressive to hear acted with much more freedom than him and several other influential vil- Chinese women, and readily assented lagers plead that day, as we sat toto posing on the flat roof of the gether on the k'ang, that Messrs. house for a photograph. Christie and Ruhl, the two mission- aries whom they knew best and who Our host himself was an inter- were to be transferred for a time esting study. He was a good deal to Chinese stations because of shortabove. middle age and gray, but still age of workers, might be allowed vigorous and in the finest of mus- to remain in· their district. There

was no mistaking the genuineness of has as yet f~w, but it was most entheir regard for these men and their couraging to find that those few were desire for their continued friendship. of the right type. The first of them This fact in itself was very gratify- was an ordained Buddhist priesting and hopeful. Nowhere have we the only priest as yet converted in ever enjoyed heartier hospitality than that disfrict. He heard the Gospel from those rough Tibetan friends. eight years before receiving it, and We bade a reluctant farewell after for some time showed great hatred the customary exchange of presents. and opposition. After conversion he Theirs included two whole drest was nicknamed "the foreigner's dog," sheep among other things, each in- and was much persecuted' by the dividual's gift being accompanied by priests. He is now sixty-two years a "scarf of friendship" of delicate old. has been a faithful and loyal pale-blue watered silk. When finally Christian, and as a servant of differwe came away, old Aku Cherul ent missionaries off and on for eighinsisted on mounting a spirited- horse teen years he has never been known and escorting us a mile or two. to steal or cheat a cash-worth. An: other member at Chone was sus- Even in some of the monasteries pended by his thumbs for refusing an entrance has been gained and to take part in village idolatries, his friends have been won. We were skin garment was removed and a accorded a courteous reception in company marched round him beatthe Chone monastery, where 500 ing him with willow switches. His priests reside, and were shown flock of sheep, gun and other things through most of its buildings. There have been taken from him and he we had cordial talks with the pre- has three times had to flee for his siding "Living Buddha" and the life. But in spite of all this he still official who superintends the printing remains faithful. of the sacred books. The latter presented us with a bulky copy of one After a long series of interrupof the Buddhist classics in Tibetan tions and numerous drawbacks in the character, and showed us through work; due to disturbed conditions, the printing establishment. One of this field, specific troubles such as copy of the Buddhist Bible in Tibetan the Boxer uprising, the Revolution of consists of 108 volumes, making 19II and the White Wolf raids, and four pack-mule loads, and costs the to contingencies in the missionary equivalent of about $450 American staff, a more aggressive advance into money. The Commentary on the this needy and attractive Tibetan same is approximately double in bulk field is being prayerfully planned, and price. In one year's working with the assurance that God is leadseason only three copies of these two ing the way and will crown the sets of books can be produced by efforts with fruitful results. the twenty-two printers employed. The Chinese section of the work Tibetan Converts in this field, while in a measure similarly affected by the above-men- Of baptized Tibetan converts the tioned conditions, has had a very Christian and Missionary Alliance

A TRIP TO THE ROOF OF THE

DR. GLOVER AND T WO TYPICAL TIBETA NS OF ANDO PROVINCE The man on the left carries a sword in hj ~ girdle, and the man on .the right holds a gun real measure of blessing. Several dued, and are proving a great hundreds have been received into strength to the work. Several of the churches on clear evidence of a them are men of literary degree, and change of heart and life, and at the some have sacrificed good positions present time there are signs of a to enter the ministry. One resigned larger number turning to the Lord from a yamen secretaryship to bein every station. A score of staunch come at first a humble colporteur 011 Chinese evangelists have been called less than one-fourth his former out, well-trained and spiritually en- salary. Now, as an earnest evan-

gelist, he still receives only. about our hand" in her two wrinkled ones one-third. told in a broken voice how the young Two features of this work are im- son had wearied out their united at- pressive and stimulating. One is the tempts to break his faith and had re- absence throughout its history of at- mained a consistent Christian and tempts on the part of the native become a rebuke to them all. He is workers to use the Mission name or slowly but surely leading his whole influence in lawsuits in which mem- family to Jesus Christ. Thank God bers or candidates were involved. that the martyr spirit and the saintly The danger and detriment of this life are not things of the past alone.

sort of thing to the Church of Christ They still lie latent in the breast of in China in past years is well-known many a poor heathen of crude, un~ to every missionary. The strong, promising exterior, if only the consistent stand against such a temp- obedience of Christ's followers in tation on the part of these Kansu Christian lands will provide them the workers has had its most salutary chance to be born and developed.

effect upon the quality of enquirers Only a few months before our and church-members, and has won visit the Kansu Mission had passed for the work the respect and good- through two experiences of suffering will of the native officials and high- and peril, the first at the hands of minded section of the communities. the notorious brigand White Wolf The other feature is Jhe fact that and his f1endish followers, the second with few if any exceptions the con- in the form of a murderous night verts have been subjected to severe attack of a band of 160 wild Tibetan persecution for their confession of robbers of the T'eh-pu tribe. For the Savior. Some have been cruelly two weeks or more, going and re- beaten by relatives; others have been turning, we followed in the track of ejected by their clans; others dis- White Wolf's depredations, and were possest of lands and property. In appalled at the sight of the ruthless one of the outstations we met a devastation wrought all along the particularly attractive, modest Chris- route. But the climax was only tian young man, and learned that reached in the Christian and Mission- not only had he been frequently ary Alliance field of South Western kicked and cuffed by his father and Kansu, and the cities of Minchow eldest brother but when he persisted and T'aochow in particular. In the in attending the Gospel services his partial destruction of the former city own mother in a frenzy of wrath had the mission's property was laid in driven him from the chapel and pub- ruins. The missionaries, Rev. Wm.

licly stoned him down the village and Mrs. Christie and little daughter street, stopping barely short of kill- and Misses MacKinnon and Haup- ing him. That old mother came to berg, escaped death by a marvelous meet us on our visit, insisted on our chain of Divine providences. Every taking breakfast in her home the vestige of their earthly belongings morning we started away, and as we except the clothing they wore at the sat partaking of the family's humble time was destroyed, and they with a fare she came dose up and taking group of native Christians were fugitives for eight days upon the selves to the task of comforting the mountains, compelled to beg for food sorrowing, feeding the hungry, and and subsist upon fare hardly fit for in the face of imminent danger to animals. Two male Christians were their own lives from threatening killed and several Christian women typhus, treating and nursing as best captured and subjected to shameful they could the wounded and sick abuse. ones. God mercifully preserved their At T'aochow and Chone the mis- lives and used them to save the lives sionaries receiving a day's notice of hundreds who, but for the mis- were able to escape across the T'ao sionaries' kind succor would have into Tibet. The mission's premises perished. More than this, He has at Chone were unharmed; those at turned these awful experiences to T'aochow were partially destroyed. account for the Gospel, and the Never have we beheld another such practical demonstration of the Sa- scene of devastation wrought by evil vior's love through His followers'

men as that which greeted us at 1111111stry has made a deeper impres- T'aochow Old City. In one brief sion all through the district than but awful night between 8,000 and perhaps anything else could have 10,000 human beings were either made. Many and varied have been brutally butchered or driven to sui- the tokens of appreciation by all cide and the entire city within the classes, new hearts and homes have walls laid in heaps of ashes. Only been opened, and we doubt not that thirty-seven small dwelling remained. a large number of precious souls Filled with diabolical rage these men, saved will be a direct result of that in demoniacal frenzy, seemed deter- baptism of suffering.

mined to destroy everything that Nowhere on the mission-field have had breath, and even shot down we met with a happier or more vic- ruthlessly vast numbers of domestic' torious company, either of mission- animals. aries or of native Christians, than Need we attempt to picture the those who had so recently passed experiences which for this band of through such deep waters of afflic- missionaries followed those days of tion. Nowhere was fellowship in massacre, the sickening sight of deau prayer, testimony, and the study oi and mutilated bodies, the stench of the Word more sweet and helpful.

decaying flesh left unburied; the lVe came away with a deepened' ad- ghastly wounds and pitiable suffer- miration and affection for the brave ings of the .wounded, the harrowing men and women who, far away from accounts poured into their ears by scenes and associations so dear to destitute survivors, not to speak of them, are cheerfully suffering priva- the intense strain upon their own tions, facing dangers, spending and bodies and nerves because of what being spent on these lonely outposts they had passed through and the of the 'mission-field, that they may suspense of uncertainty as to what bring temporal cheer and eternal hope might still be awaiting them. Yet to their less-favored fellow men there was no faltering or falling through the telling and reflecting of down, but bravely they addrest them- a Saviour's love.

ME.ETING OF TH;E INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION, CLIFTO'N SPRINGS, JUNE

KEY TO' GRO'UP PICTURE (Beginning Lower Left Corner) Rev. J.

A.-I. Mrs. Geo. WilJiams. 2. Mrs K. B. Shaff.er. 3. Mrs. H. J. Bost:vick. 4. Rev. G. H. Jones. 5. Dr. C. T. 9.?te. 6. Dr. nJ.r.S. Sto'De. B.-I. Col. E. W. Halford. 2. Rev . H. Loonlls. S. Newton. 5. C. Ibayer. 6. W. H. 3. DT. C. P . Merntt. 4. Mrs. Roberts. 7. 11rs 'V. H . Roberts. 8. ~lrs. A. Dows]ey. 9. Miss Lida Smith. 10. Mrs. .T. S. Stone. .

C.-I. Rev. F. O. Emerson. 2. Mrs. F. O. Emerson. 3. *Wm. Blackstone. 4. Rev. Geo. C. Lenington. 5. Mrs. T. C. Garritt 6. Mrs. E. B. Goodwin. 7. Rev. W. P. Sprague. 8. Mrs. Alice M. Villiams. 9. *Mis'S Helen Wil1iams. 10. *Miss Gladys Williams. 11. Mrs. H erbe rt Schwartz. 12. "'"Otis Draper , 13. Miss Elsa lohnson. 14. Miss Mary Thompson. D.-I. Ivlrs. J. H. Blackstone. 2. *Eleanor Blackstone . 3. Rev. J. H. nlackstone. 4. David McConaughy. 5. Rev. L. Ostrand.e~. 6. Miss M. J. Cartwell. 7. M i~s A. E. Glendenning. E.-I. *Miss C. }'1. Baldwin. 2. Miss B. 'Vood. 3: Miss Anna M. Linker. 4. Rev. Lewis Linze11. 5. Rev. J. M. Baker. 6. f2~blf~S~rG.D;ap~~. R1~·. ~1r~h+:e~~eSa~de~s~V. M. L. ~timson. 9. Rev. R. G. Bent. 10. *Miss Alice Thayer. 11. Rev. J. M. Baldwin.

F.-l. H. J. Bostwjck. 2. Miss E. Clark. 3. J..liss E. M. Trent. 4. lfiss N. T. Dean. 5. *Dr. ]. A. Sanders. 6. JiIiss Ida Drake. 7. Miss J. Moulton. 8. Miss S. C. Brackbrill. 9. Rev. G. Draper. 10. Mrs. H. Schoonmaker.

… Children of missionaries.

God's Call to the

VOICED IN THE THIRTY.SECOND ANNUAL MEETINC OF THE INTER· NATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION~ AT CLIFTON SPRINGS, N. Y., JUNE 23-27, 1915 BY GEORGE C. LENINGTON, SECRETARY mI N the beautiful spot of Europe but from many districts ~ where Dr. Henry in mission lands. If the Gospel of Foster for so many peace and brotherly love is not years welcomed hun- proclaimed speedily and with 'pOwer dreds of missionaries to peoples who know not Christ, the who compose the day of opportunity will pass. Even membership of the International now many of the Christian Africans Missionary Union, were gathered in have been called upon to shoulder this year of world-enveloping war guns and enter into the struggles of workers from all over the earth. the present world war. As a result, The Call to the Home Ch",rc:h in some parts of Africa no mission- aries can travel inland from the The missionaries called upon the coast to reach their fields of work.

Christians at home for more prayer From some stations in the interior as the most important need of the no word can be received and the fate moment. If every church-member of the missionary workers there is would enter into regular, systematic unknown, In Northern Persia thou- intercession for some definite worker sands of Christians have been mas- at the front, every missionary would sacred, and untold suffering has have a band of two thousand com- been endured. Only the bravery of rades in prayer behind him. The re- Christian missionaries has prevented sults of such united effort can not a general slaughter too horrible to even be imagined. It will never be contemplate. One village in which realized until every Christian is will- thousands of Christians had crowder!

ing to lead "the sacrificial life"-he for refuge was attacked by a band who stays in the home country as of these soldiers. The tidings were well as he who is a herald on the carried to the Presbyterian mission- frontier. Ear n est prayer for these aries six miles away in Urumia.

world-workers should be offered by One of them, Rev. Mr. Packard, at the individual, by the family, and by once seized the American flag and t,he church. set forth to attempt a rescue. In The Call of the World-War spite of countless difficulties he suc- ceeded in reaching the Kurdish chief Amid the terrible sounds of and demanded that the massacre strife may be heard the call of God, should cease. The sheik finally per- not only from the, wretched peoples mitted him to take 1,000 of the re-

fugees to safety; but the Christian ating class from a large law-school church and the hundreds who had refused an invitation to attend the gone to it for refuge had already Y. M. C. A. meeting on the ground been burned. From such scenes can that only weaklings would consent to be heard the voice of God urging go to religious exercises.

His people to hasten the work of Pitiful in the extreme also is the bearing the tidings of the Prince of condition of the ten million or more Peace to all mankind. Not only Indians in various parts of the Con- must man love God with all his tinent who still worship their fetishes being, but he must also love his and idols. God is summoning His fellow man as Christ loved him. forces to care for these. untouched human brothers.

The Call from Latin America As never before these nations to In the lands of Central and South the south are turning their eyes to America the people are gasping the North American Republic for" for the breath of God. The num- commercial and intellectual interber of Christian missionaries sent to change, to advance the interests of these peoples has thus far been all Latin-American peoples. The totally inadequate. In the Republic political jealousies of yesterday have of Venezuela, with millions of hu- largely vanished and are being reman beings, only three evangelical placed by plans for cooperation. heralds proclaim the gospel of life The Church of Christ does well to through Ghrist. Much the same is take advantage of this growing true in other Latin-American coun- friendliness to promote the Latin tries. Great cities with large popu- American Congress at Panama. In lations have no rescue mission, the last few years many of the settlement houses, or voices calling brightest students in the universities to a higher spiritual life. Thousands of South America have seen a new live untouched by any appeal to obey possibility in the attainment of their the will of God. The Bible is still desires to uplift the peoples of their a forbidden book in this part of the own countries. In the student conworld, and even in this twentieth ferences held at Piriapolis, Uruguay, century bonfires have been lighted in they have heard that the Word of front of noble cathedrals to consume God presents the truth that makes the Book of God. Hundreds of men free, that in it are the principles thousands of N ew Testaments are which ennoble life, and that obedibeing scattered from sea to sea, but ence to its precepts makes life pure those who read them do so against and strong. Altho no great movethe command of their priests. As a ment has yet been started among result of the religious conditions in them, 'the time is ripe for presenting South America the educated classes clearly the great dynamic of pure have come to look upon religion as Christianity.

unmanly, and scholars and men of The Call From Africa affairs admit that they would be Miss Emily Clark, of the Sudan ashamed to be seen in religious meet- Inland Mission, pictures the present ings. The honor-man in a gradu- and pressing opportunity in West

GOD'S CALL TO THE

Africa. The most important people all be Christian or Moslem. To-day of all West Equatorial Africa, among they prefer Christianity-shall the3e the most promising people of the tribes be given the Light or Life- continent, are the Hausas. Twenty or the misleading light of Islam?

to thirty million of them who occupy One of the pressing calls is for the western Sudan are as yet scarcely Christian educational work III touched by Christianity. They are Africa. The British Go~ernment has more civilized than other people of established several large schools for this part of Africa and have made Moslem boys to which the chiefs are considerable progress in various arts, obliged to send their own sons and such as iron and brass work, weav- the sons of the leaders. But the ing, and the like. They are the only government does not wish these Mos- people of all this section who have lems . to become teachers in the themselves reduced their language to schools to be opened among the writing. They are also born traders, pagan tribes; so it has written to the and travel for thousands of miles, missions asking for Christian young imposing their language and ideas men, or those with a leaning toward upon all who -deal with them. Rausa 01ristianity, to teach in any schools seems destined to become the general it may open. What an opportunity language of western Africa. Already to evangelize the pagan tribes wilh- it is possible to travel anywhere in out expense, through these teachers northern Nigeria and far into French in government employ! Tho they and German territory with a knowl- would not teach religion in the edge of this one language (a very school, yet their lives and words easy one). Having mastered Hausa, would be witnessing for Christ and the Christian missionary can thus the pagans, now so sensitive to their travel even into remote regions and need for something better, would be still be able to declare to the peoples quick to learn and accept the best the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. news that teacher ever brought.

But, despite this advantage, the Like trumpets of victory come the Church has been slow to give this ,tidings of success which God has great people the Word of God in been giving His hosts in West Africa. their own tongue. The entire New Among the Kamerun forests are Testament has now been translated hundreds of men and women jourand the Pentateuch is being rapidly neying to the villages with the Word put through the press. of God in their hands. The seed has The Rausa people are everywhere been scattered thick and far and lfoslems and are to-day in Africa now the harvest is being gathered.

the chief missionary force of that The Presbyterian church at Elat has great antf-Christian religion. The a communicant membership of over results of their devotion are astound- 2,600 and with these are associated ing and call us to face the grave IS,<XX> more who have asked to be'

crisis among the pagan tribes. At received into the Church of Christ.

the present rate of progress there These catechumens are being instruc- will be, ten years hence, no pagan ted in Christian faith and practise, tribes in Equatorial Africa; they will and with eager desire are adopting

the most modern methods 0-£ giving In the name of religion, however; for the work of God. In this one these' children are deeply sinned church there are over 15,000 indi- against. The girls are' married beviduals who give systematically to fore they are ten years of! age. the support of the Bible readers and According to the last census child evangelists by means of monthly wives under ten years numbe~ed envelops. It is repc>rted that the 2,200,000; under five years 243,502; congregations on "collection Sun- under one year 10,507. If a little days" are always larger by hundreds girl's husband dies, even tho she has of worshipers than on other Sun- never seen him, she is a widow for days. With a monthly w:age of two life. Little innocent girlies, who in and a half to three dollars these America would be loved and shel- African Christians are giving thou- tered from all that would stain, are sands of dollars to spread the Gospel also married to the gods-in other among their fellow creatures. words; they become servants and slaves of the pries.ts, and live lives This work in the Kamerun country of sin and profligacy. is one of God's modern miracles. Rev. F. O. Emerson reported that Only I per cent. of the women when a new station was opened two in India can read and write, and for years ago because of the pressing many years it was almost impossible .demand for the work, a school was to do anything among the higher soon gathered numbering 1,200 classes as it was thought that only pupils. When a church was organ- dancing-girls should be taught to ized there was an audience of over read and sing. Entrance into some 5,000 people. In a recent Communion of the zenanas is still most difficult. service at Elat, there was an audience After much persuasion a lawyer, on of over 6,000. The record audience a government holiday allowed Miss for any single service at this place Linker only five minutes fo see the is 8,100. women of the house. When she played at their piano and sang, the The Call From India women had such a good time that they begged their husbands to allow From their earliest years the her to come again. Now this children of India are taken by their Zenana is wide open, the women mothers to the Temple to present have learned to read, the children attheir offerings and to bow before the tend school and the Gospel message images of wood and stone; they are is gladly received. taught that bathing in the river is an act of worship and that merit is Fifteen years ago a great crowd of to be gained by pilgrimages. At people stood on the wharf in Bombay home they' are instructed concerning to welcome the incoming of the ship the names and doings of the many Quito, which had come laden with gods that are commonly worshiped American corn to feed the famine and concerning their caste and its sufferers of India. Sir Narayan requirements. It is surprizing how Chandervakar, one of India's greatest much a child of four or five IS C011- sons, pointed to the bags of corn, scious of caste difference. and said t~ the people, "When' I see

1 5] GOD'S CALL TO THE CHURCH

a sight like this, the gift of Christian norant murderer into a flaming America to starving India, I am com- Christian evangelist. pelled to believe that Jesus Christ is living in the world to this day." The Call From Japan That corn has been like good seed which a mast& farmer had carefully The Rev. Gideon F. Draper, D.D., selected and planted in good soil. told of the three years' evangelistic It is now bringing forth an abundant work started in Japan as a result spiritual harvest. Rev. Lewis Linzell of the Edinburgh conference Conof India told of one of the annual tinuation Committees meeting there. preachers' meetings, held recently, Dr. John R. Mott was so imprest when a great company of men, 750 with the need and opportunity in by actual count, having marched a Japan that he promised to raise distance of 30 miles, came to enrol $25,000 for the campaign, provided.a themselves as seekers after Christ. Be- similar amOl,mt could be raised in fore they left they asked whether Japan. The Japanese Christian preachers could be sent to teach all workers of the various denominatheir people about Christ. Now from tions are taking the lead in this that tribe many; are turning to Jesus United Evangelistic movement, and Christ. the missionaries are cooperating with them. The "Billy Sunday" of Last year the Methodist Mission, Japan~Rev. S. Kimura-has been says Bishop J.W. Robinson, bap- holding tent meetings under the tized 37,513, almost all of whom shadow of the Parliament buildings were converts from heathenism. in Tokio and hundreds of Japanese However, all who came could not be have signed cards as inquirers in re~ accepted. The District Superinten- sponse to his fervent presentation of dents report that there were 152,200 the Gospel. Japan is being touched who were standing at the door say- and molded by Christianity in spite ing to us: "Teach us, baptize us, of all antagonistic influences. we want to enter the Christian Church." These people had to be When Rev. Henry Loomis, D.D., refused admittance because there was American Bible Society Agent in no one to teach them. Yokohama, went to Japan in 1872 the edicts against Christianity were The successes granted by the Lord still standing and the name of Christ of the harvest in Burma, were re- was the most hated name in Japan. ported by Rev. C. E. Chaney. To- His first work was to teach English day the Baptist Mission at. Bassein to a class of boys, two of whom represents 145 churches with a mem- were Christians. The other membership of nearly 14,000. The school bers of that class became Christians when assembled in the chapel num- and formed the nucleus of a church bers over 800, a third of whom are which now numbers 754 members. girls in a land where girls are not educated. This chapel was built in There are now about 100,000 J apmemory of the work of· the great anese church-members and a much Karen pioneer, Ko Tho Byu, whose larger Christian constituency, so that conversion changed him from an ig- one can travel from one end of Japan to the other and spend eve,ry night

in a Christian home. There is a does not regard the Sabbath. I can conviction among the leading men in not conscientiously remain in such a Japan that Christianity is the one position and have decided to start religion that can supply the moral business myself. Can you give me needs of the country, and it alone work?" Mr. Loomis gave him some will produce the highest type of work and promised that if he did it civilization. As a result of this con- satisfactorily the patronage would be viction the next Vorld's Sunday- ·continued. He secured two hawischool convention has been invited to presses, hired six or eight men, and meet in Tokyo and the funds that rented two rooms that had formerly may be needed for this obj ect are been used as a salo~n. Before work guaranteed by Count Okuma, the was begun he held a Christian serv- Prime Minister, Baron Sakatane ice to ask God's blessing upon the (Mayor of Tokyo), Mr. Tokano work and to dedicate the whole en- (Head of the Chamber of Com- terprise to His service. That man merce), and Baron Shibusawa (the has now a plant worth some $30,008 1eading Japanese banker). Judge to $50,000, and employs five hundred Watanabe, the man selected to or- men. Every Monday morning there ganize a judicial system in 'Korea, is is a religious service before the work an elder in the Presbyterian church of the week begins. The company and was president of the Y. M. C. A. has now branches in KoM and in Yokohama. When he was con- Tokyo, and prints the Scriptures for gratulated on his appointment he Japan, Korea, China and Philippines, replied that he went to Korea not Siam, the Straits Settlements and simply to establish a system of law also for Spanish-speaking people in and justice but to witness for Jesus various countries. Christ. He is president of the J apanese Y. M. C. A. in Seoul and an Miss Katherine Drake told of her elder and active member of the J ap- work for the children in Japan. anese church in that city. Christian girls go out two and two from the boarding-schools and gather When the war broke out between the children together on the street, Japan and Russia the agent Of the and teach them the Sunday-school American Bible society in Yokohama lessons. One thousand and fifteen asked permission to distribute Scrip- children attended the Christmas sertures among the soldiers as he had vice of the combined street Sundaydone during the war with China. schools taught by the students of General Terauchi, the minister of one girls' school in Tokyo last war, replied that if the Scriptures Christmas. were sent to him he would have them distributed. He is now the When a child died, after being in Governor-General of Korea. the mission kindergarten three years, her Buddhist father asked for a Eighteen years ago a young Chris- Christian funeral-service, because the tian Japanese came to Mr. Loomis child had showed such a Christian and said: "I have been employed by spirit. Children show the Christian a printing company whose business spirit in their homes by truth-telling methods I do not approve and which

GOD'S CALL TO THE

and loving acts, so that parents learn Revivals and new work are noted the true ideals of Christianity. in Sofia and Varna, and deep spiri- tual interest in Samokov. Churches The Call from Bulgaria have been enlarged and new ones built even in war-swept Macedonia. Open doors for the Gospel in Bul- The Ministry of Education has regaria was one result of the Balkan cognized the Mission School for girls war. Rev. Leroy F. Ostrander said in Samokov and promised soon to that the Bulgarian response to the do the same for the School for Boys. unexpected call for mobilization was It has also given these schools its most enthusiastic, and carried the official recommendation, especially for army to its wonderful victories over their moral and religious influence. the Turks. The town of Samokov was the rallying-point of 35,000 re- The Call of Corsica and the Call of servists, 300 of whom were quartered in the Mission School, while Galilee over 1,000 were fed twice a day for a week on the playground. Thou- "The call of God to His Church sands of Christian tracts and Scrip- to-day is strikingly heard in the imtures were distributed among these perialmessage which He has enmen, and special services were held trusted to her care," said the Rev. for them every evening m the William 1. Chamberlain, D.D., Secrechurch. tary of the Reformed Church Board of Foreign Missions. In the terrible When the breadwinners had gone outburst of hatred and war which is to the front, missionaries united with devastating so large a part of the the local authorities in caring for the world it would seem to some that wives and children. . A special fund Corsica-the world of material force provided for the distribution of over -has conquered Ga1i1ee~the world twenty tons of flour a month for of spiritual force. But after the blaze three months, and various kinds of of glory from Corsica came the colemployment were organized and fi- lapse and death at St. Helena, while nanced for the destitute. This relief after the humiliation of the Son of work brought the missionaries into Man, the Crucifixion of the Galilean, close touch with Bulgaria's noble and came the resurrection and the sublarge-hearted Queen, Eleanora, who sequent development of the Kingdom devotes most of her time to works of the Son of God on earth. Love of philanthropy and mercy. She be- ultimately triumphs over hate and stowed her own Red Cross medal spiritual over physical forces. Pure upon a number of missionaries as a religion will save this world from souvenir of their work during the such outbursts of wrong as now war. exist. From the storm there stand forth at least two great truths as In spite of dejection caused by the abiding pillars: The supremacy of unfair treatment of Bulgaria in the spiritual forces and the sovereignty second Balkan war, and the unre~t of God. The revelation which God caused by the present conflict, the has made of Himself as the great past year in Bulgaria has been un- "I am," indicates His supremacy, .His usually encouraging in many ways.

personality, His unity and His eter- Great is the necessity to emphasize nity. But the eternal God is not the oneness of God and of Christ.

known in His fulness except through "The Lord thy God is one God."

His son Jesus Christ. "In the begin- The manifestation of God in Christ ning God," is only understood in the and through Christ is "the same yes- light of "In the beginning was the terday, to-day and forever." He is Word, and the Word was with God, the Son of Man, and the unity of His and the Word was God." Jesus Christ person, of His office and of His re- is the world's great Teacher because velation is more and more recognized He laid bare the facts of forgiveness and accepted.

and spiritual life. From His lips hu- The Kingdom of God is the same manity has learned its greatest truth, to-day as that interpreted by the seers that God is, and that God is Love. The and the prophets throughout all the call of God to His Church is that she ages. It is the vision of Abraham shall carry out the commands of the and Isaac, and of Isaiah and of Joel Sage of Galilee, and to give to all and of Jesus. It is the vision of men the message that will heal all Lull and Livingstone. Lull said, their woes and diseases. "The most general vice is in not Tbe Call of tbe Times doing what might be done, not living up to one's opportunities." The op- "The supreme ambition of Jesus portunity of the Kingdom has come Christ is to have the Kingdom of to the Church more than once, but God extended over the whole earth," the Church has not been obedient to said Colonel E. ]. Halford. The the heavenly vision. Again it is the purposes of God have no other "fulness of time," and the oppormeaning; history no other lesson; tunity is once more thrust upon the humanity no other destiny. The one Church. "Human crimes are many, increasing purpose is the Kingdom of but the crime of being dead to God's God. The signs of the times which voice, blind when the divine handmake the supreme call upon the writing is on the wall-certainly there Church were never more certain, more inspiring, more challenging or is no crime which the supreme more portentous. powers do more terribly avenge."

"NOT ONE CENT"

A pastor who endeavored to develop systematic giving to both home and foreign missions was astonished to have several men return the lists of objects with this comment opposite the item of foreign missions: "Not on~ cent." Do such persons realize the significance of their words?

Not one cent for giving the Bible to any other nation. Not one cent for revealing a God of love except to Americans. Not one cent for making Christ known as a Savior of all men. Not one cent for teaching the world the morals of Christ and the Will of God. Not one cent for healing the sick or relieving the distrest beyond the borders of our own land. Not one cent for fulfilling the very purpose of Christ in his life and death. Not one cent for obeying the last command of Christ Jesus our Lord.

Study at

BY MISS FRANCES J. DYER T a great convention copies of the first book have already been sold. This means that during i iAi of advertising men the coming months thousands of . held recently in Chi- women, in churches all over the cago, the president of land, will focus their attention upon the United States the problems discust therein. Sup- Chamber of Com- plementary classes in methods were mer.ce spoke of the wonderful results held, the largest in Sage Chapel, conaccruing from the concentration of millions of minds at one time upon ducted by Mrs. S. J. Herben, on one idea. This is precisely the Christian principle of united prayer and "Sources of Power." Among them one which underlies the work at the she included loneliness, drudgery and summer schools in Northfield. poverty, and spoke of the forgotten powers which lie in the use of time, During July nearly a thousand thoughts, conversation, correspondwomen gathered there from points as ence and friendship. These talks far apart as Nova Scotia and South will be printed in book form in Carolina to study the needs in for- response to requests. eign lands, and were followed by another group of over four hundred A splendid union enterprise on the to consider heathen elements, like foreign field is a proposed medical race prejudice and Mormonism, in school at Vellore for the women of our own country. This· is indicative South India, to be affiliated with the of a growing sense of world con- new Union Woman's College in sciousness, accentuated since the out- Madras. Dr. Ida Scudder, one of break of the war, and is the first the most striking personalities at the step toward world evangelization. Conference, is now in this country Fully one-third of the delegates were trying to secure the needed $300,000. girls between the ages of seventeen StilI another union effort is the esand twenty-seven, thus showing the tablishment of a college for Chinese fallacy of the old notion that only girls soon to be opened in Nanking. grandmothers and elderly spinsters The story of this was eloquently are interested in missions. told by Mrs. Frederic Mead of Plainfield, New Jersey, whose daugh- An outstanding feature was the ter is a member of the faculty. study of two new text-books, "The These are samples of the big tasks King's Highway," by Mrs. Helen recently undertaken by women of Barrett Montgomery, and "Home different communions for the uplift Missions in Action," by Edith H. of their less privileged sisters in the Allen, each author serving as teacher Orient. of her own book. The classes numbered eight or nine hundred, but the China loomed largest on the proreally significant fact is that 200,000 gram, and the most impressive ad- dress was by Miss Laura White,

principal of the first college for terms of service ranged from three women in the empire. She said years to over half a century, and that China is now at the turning of aggregated a total of 516 years. the roads which lead to agnosticism Mrs. E. E. Claverley, M.D., drest in or Christianity. The lack of ade- the costume of an Arabian princess, quate educational equipment hinders told of her medical work in the the progress of the latter. Fifty primitive town of Kuweit, on the dollars would probably buy every Persian Gulf.* Of compelling in- Christian book there exclusive of terest was an address by a charming text-books. A Chinese official edu- young Chinese girl who is studying cated in a western university visited medicine here. Her English name is her college and asked to see her Phoebe Stone, and she is a sister of scientific apparatus. All she could the famous Dr. Mary Stone, head of show was $35 worth of material for a woman's hospital in Kiukiang. instruction in chemistry, physics and biology. The gymnasium outfit con- The able leadership of women like sisted of swings, seesaws and cro- Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, the singing quet! Miss White has been twenty- by a large chorus of girls under the four years in China and is return- magnetic guidance of Miss Elsie S. ing to Shanghai, where she will de- Hand, the impressive services at twivote herself to preparing suitable light on Round Top, the spiritual literature for women and children. suggestiveness of the outdoor festival She will be assisted by native Chi- called "The Spirit of Northfield," nese girls who already aid her in and the inspiring Bible lessons editing the first woman's magazine taught each morning by Prof. ever published there. Charles R. Erdman, of Princeton Seminary, were other features which The other countries represented by lifted the Conferences this year to the thirty-eight missionaries present an unusually high level of power. were Japan, Africa, Egypt, Arabia, Turkey, India, and Mexico. Their * To be published in our October number.

SOME STRIKING FIGURES In the United States there is one ordained minister for every 600 persons. In the whole non-Christian world there is only one Protestant missionary (men and women) for every 300,000 people.

Last year, an avera,g-e of 400 per day were brought by Protestant missions into Christianity out of hellthenism. American Protestant missions report 120,000 baptized last year, or 25 for each ordained minister, native and foreign. In America the average increase was 8,000 a week or 1 for every 20 ministers.

It has been estimated that one missionary, with the native force which he can train, can evangelize 25,000 within a generation. There are 27,000 such districts of 25,000 people each, which need missionaries.

To put one worker in each district of 25,000 of the 600 millions (America's share in world-evangelization) only one out of 800 church-members is needed.

In the Civil War Georgia sent into the army lout of 5.5 of the white population; South Carolina, 1 in 4.8; Florida, 1 in 4.3; Louisiana, 1 in 3.7; and North Carolina sent out 10,000 more than the total number of voters.

In Transition*

BY MISS FLORENCE WELLS N some future day his- boys at least, are taught English. I mI torians will point to the dare say you may search long to find a . present age as the Re- village without its English-understand- ing citizen. naissance of Japan. Herein lies a warning. The youth of " Changes subtle and Japan are reading our literature, our _ changes blatant are gradually or rapidly, as the case may be, classics; they are in the way to get a taking place within her borders. The fair understanding of our ways and our surface of the country, the speech, the ideals, to appreciate the historic back- food, the manners, the customs, the ground of our people and the religious dress, the architecture, all show tran- atmosphere which has kept our nation sition. As the youth passes into man- alive and strong. Unque5tionably, if hood, so the Sunrise Kingdom is passing trouble arises between their country and into noonday. ours, we can not say that they do not The great roads still run through the understand us.

country like arteries through the body; It is not from books alone, however, but now the ox-cart and the pedestrian that Japan is receiving impetus. Until :lre learning to keep to one side lest this year there has been a steady in- they be run down by the motorcycle crease in the number of tourists from and the automobile. Where once the Europe and America. These people mountain-pass wound unchallenged little realize how certainly they leave throllgh the valley and over the shoulder their impress on the Japanese with of the mountain, now the hissing train whom they come in contact. Then sweeps along, high above the mountain what shall we say of foreigners residing torrent, and dashes into the bowels of in Japan ?-from America and from the earth, emerging in triumph to swing every nation in Europe, young men and across a glen on a bridge of stone or women in business, families, and mis- steel. In rapidly growing cities like sionaries and teachers. The right kind Yokohama, or Tokyo, the hills are being of person in Japan is an infinite bless- levelled and the rice-fields are yielding ing, while the wrong kind is an incal- to the encroachment of houses and fac- culable injury to the nation, especially at tories. One can not but recall the old this formative time. A tourist one day psalm, "Every valley shall be exalted went into the embroidery shop of a and every hill shall be brought low." Christian, and having bought and paid While even the temporary resident in for something, asked that the bill be Japan will notice these physical changes, -ritten down at much lower figures so he will likewise be imprest by the great that she, showing it at the customs in number of people who will speak Eng- San Francisco, might have less duty to lish to him. Japan is a land of com- pay. She was astonished when the pulsory education, and all children must shopkeeper replied, "Madam, I can not reeeive instruction for six years. It is do it, for we are trying to teach our surprizing how many go on into the children that 'honesty IS the best middle school, where for five years, all policy.' "

* From The Missionary Link.

Formerly in the banks only Chinese largely through the soldiers. Even the were employed, and rumor had it that Imperial Court has adopted the full the reason was the dishonesty of the European costume, for both its ladies Japanese; but that can not be, for now and its gentlemen to wear on state occathat Japan has learned European bank- sions. ing methods, one sees as many Japanese as Chinese employed in foreign banks. The changes in dress effect changes in the architecture. A man in trousers Foreign cooking has become popular can neither comfortably nor" economicamong the men, and it adds to a young ally sit on the floor; so, sitting on a woman's matrimonial chances if she is chair, he must needs have a high table able to prepare American food. The to match; then rather than. spoil his soft Japanese man on the dining-car wiII al- matted floor, he builds his next house most invariably choose beefsteak and with one or more foreign rooms. Now potatoes in preference to fish and rice. that transportation is made easy by 'Ve notice, too, that a great many wed- steam, a great variety of building mateding feasts are held at the foreign rials may be had. With the exception restaurants; and we are to~d that it is of schools, nearly all of the government less expensive than to provide a first- buildings are of stone or brick, -and class Japanese feast. Often in private furnished in European style. homes and even in country hotels you wiII be served with one course of French Because of these changes which are or American dishes. Ice-cream is gain- stirring the pulse of Japan, and because :ng popularity, but it has a native rival of the remarkably short time in which in scraped-ice covered with syrup (lr these changes and many more have taken fruit juice. Chewing gum can not seem place in government circles, other nato make headway among the Japanese, tions expect of her exactly as much as nor chewing tobacco; but beer and ci;;- they expect of each other, and forget arets are not only imported but also that she was born into the family of extensively produced. nations but little more than fifty years ago. Fifty years is but a short time in The popularity of the foreign dre~s, the life of a nation; and while Japan also, is astonishing. One sees it in all has the appearance of maturity, she is stages, one or more garments being J ap- nevertheless a youth with undeveloped anese. It is amusing to see a man possibilities, but full of hope and energy, wearing a full dress native costume and with her life before her. If she seems a black silk hat. The English suit is sometimes to make mistakes-no doubt largely used by teachers and by men in her sister countries did the same when business, and middle school students they were young. And, never fear, she wear military suits. The.girls in schools will not make the same blunder twice. and offices follow prevailing styles of She is reaching out for something from hair arrangement, but as a rule follow each land, and if each gives her its a year or so behind time. Shoes have best, what may not the world expect of found their way into all parts of Japan, Japan in the ages to come!

A JAPANESE CALL TO JAPAN In no country in the world is there given a freer hand for the propagation of any religion. In a country like J ap~n, where the state and people are governed hv a spirit of nationalism, the principles of Christianity are most suited. It is to be hoped that missionaries will redouble their zeal in promoting the welfare and happiness of the Japanese.-Editorial in Japanese daily paper.

In Korean Homes *

BY MATTIE WILCOX NOBLE, SEOUL, KOREA ~~~~~ IRST of all Christ has original birthday clothes; but now, they elevated worn e n III are brought well drest, and sometimes Korea. gorgeously arrayed. When a baby girl A recognized helpful- is born, instead of condolences being ness of true womanhood offered to the parents, friends now say is asserting itself in the that they have received a gift from God; or, a new girl student for the home and among the girls. Formerly, School or Sunday-school has come to no right of leadership or refined co- the home. One of the most beautiful partnership was ever vouchsafed her. sights I have ever seen, it being also a Now, she often goes side by side with symbol of advancement, was at the first her husband to church, and is even per- Parents' Day Services in Korea for the mitted to. eat with him. Women of the Cradle-Roll babies. There were some well-to-do classes no longer are obliged 200 babies with their mothers present, to hide themselves in the women's quar- and at one side sat some fathers, a few ters; neither do the young women of of them proudly holding their baby girls. any class, when they go walking, have to throw a long coat over their heads, The Bible has given an impetus to drawing the front together under the learning and brought an education witheyes, nor to carry a large hat, between in reach of many. Formerly, only woeight or nine feet in circumference, over men and girls of the dancing-girl class their heads to conceal their features. were allowed to learn or read. Now, all The coats, veils, and the enormous hats doubt as to the respectability of one's are fast disappearing and women are wife or daughter learning to read, has beginning to feel the sunshine in the passed. I ha~e known old ladies nearly open air. True, it is a transition period, seventy years of age to sit down and, but light and freedom are coming to little by little, learn to read. One of the women through the Gospel. finest Bible women in Korea learned to read after she was thirty years old and Protection has come to childhood with she is now a scholar in Bible literature, the education of the individual and the as well as a woman of deep spiritual inelevation of the home life. Now, special sight. care is taken of the health and the moral development of the child. Modesty, for The Bible has given a touch of social the child's sake, is studied by the parent. life to the men and women. Before the Flagrant immodesties are still to be Bible came there were no halls or buildseen, but could newcomers to Korea ings where men and women gathered to lift the veil of several years ago the listen to sermons, lectures, music, or to great contrast between then and now witness any entertainment; but after would be clearly recognized. the Gospel was preached, both sexes met in the same room to hear and see all of The religion of the Bible has made a the above. Of course they sit on oppoplace for the little ones. At first, when site sides of the room and, in most only small portions of the Scripture had cases, with a partition between. At a heen printed, babies were brought to the social held in our home at the,close of altar for haptism, quite slippery in their • From The Korea Mission Field.·

a Women's Bible Institute, many games sang, and their songs were usually of were enjoyed by the old and young wine and dancing, but now songs of women; one would search very far to rejoicing sung by both sexes are heard find a more joyous company. Play was wherever the Gospel is preached. new to them all; they laughed till the tears rolled down their cheeks. In Christian communities, the teach- ing that "they twain shal1 be one flesh" The Bible liberates slaves. Many a is adhered to; likewise in Christian wealthy Korean who owned slaves be- home the misery and distress accruing fore he heard the Bible story, has liber- from the concubinage system is past and ated those slaves and brought them, with gone. himself, to the mercy seat. Cleanliness, beauty, and contentment It has taken from the husband the are brought to the Christian homes. I power of torturing and deforming the recently met an old lady and her daughbody of his wife. In a fit of jealousy ter whom I had taught eighteen years over a real or fancied cause, a husband ago. The old lady was deaf and leaned can not now cut off his wife's nose. The on her staff as she gave me a wholesentiment of respect for women has souled greeting. In recounting the grown so much in Christian neighbor- events of the early days, the daughter hoods, that a man can not even beat his said that her mother had always carried wife without incurring censure. The out, to a marked degree, my teachings old, lawless right of any man to forcibly on cleanliness, and that al1 these years seize a widow, and carry her away to she had been a living example of the his home, is fast passing away. beauty of cleanliness, and had taught the lessons to scores of young and old The Bible raises the marriageable age. people. Formerly, water was little used Several years ago, the Church refused by the sick and the aged. to perform the wedding ceremony for a boy under eighteen years of age and But, greatest of all, the Bible brings to a girl under sixteen. N ow, one rarely the homes of the people Jesus, the Sasees a little boy riding on a white horse vior, who gives salvation, peace, joy and to his wedding, or a weeping little girl hope to the Koreans who were crusht being forced from her parents home to under the bondage of heathenism, and the home of her husband. Even at a over whom the gloom of the centuries heathen wedding the bride's eyes are had settled: now, on those who have rarely glued tight shut, in these days. received Him rests the light of the Divine life. Formerly, only dancing girls and men FACTS CONCERNING KOREA'S PROGRESS Korea has emerged from the secluded region of the genii, where the fairies congregate, where the elixir of life grows, where sages and immortals meet and talk together, into the limelight of the rushing, hungry world, with the Manchu express going by, and motor-cars and automobiles rushing about here and there through the ancient streets and market-ways. . . .

In religion, too, she has met a new and startling outlook, tho not a wholly unfamiliar one. Far wider than the few baptized or numbered on the church rolls (the total rol1 of full communicants in Protestant churches is 68,195, while probationers and other adherents regularly attending services increases the grand total to 179,167 members of the Protestant community) has the word of this news gone forth; namely, that God has Himself spoken to men tenderly, and kindly offered them peace.-JAMES S. GALE.

DEI>ADTMENT ~

"~~-……~…….."'" OF BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK MISSIONARY METHODS FOR SUNDAY-SCHOOL WORKERS CLEAR-CUT, definite sibilities," ~ays Miss Hull. "She simply missionary policy, a fitted up the room with articles pur- committee to make it chased, borrowed or made that would effective, and the equip- give any idea of the need of missions ment with which to in lands beyond the sea. One side of work, are the three fac- the room is given to the far North.

tors in making missions vital in any Here are maps, flags, pictures, and a Sunday-schoo1.-GEORGE H. TRULL. small case of curios, together with a Eq,uipping a Missionary Room few books about the Esquimos, Alaska, Lapland, and other northern places.

Nothing helps the cause of missions "One side is devoted to India, with in the Sunday-school so much as a room pictures of its scenery, models of its fitted up for the study of the subject. heathen temples, dolls drest like the rf there is no place in the school that natives, bits of handwork, embroidery, can be devoted exclusively to this pur- and weaving, and pictures of mission- pose, some teacher interested in mis- schools and workers. Here are more sions would probably be willing to have books, all about India.

her class-room equipped in this way "Another side of the room, almost to a~d used out of hours. the corner, is given to Africa. The Such a room should be at once a things here have been made, many of 'museum, a library and a reading-room. them, by the boys of the Intermediate It should contain a collection of curios Department. One corner is given (0 from missionary countries, a case of China, the other to Japan, and the bit well-selected missionary books and leaf- of intervening space to Armenia.

lets, copies of denominational and inter- "This room is used for 'Missionary denominational mIssIOnary magazines Day,' each departmerlt coming, class by (current issues and files of back num- class, some time during the day, to look bers), and a supply 6f maps, charts and over the curios from the countries they pictures. Some schools already have are studying. It is also used by the such rooms. missionary societies of the church; by In The Sunday-School Executive, returned missionaries who ask those in- Miss Esther Hull tens of a much-used terested in missions to come here and missionary room which was planned and listen to their explanations of manners arranged by Mrs. Bigsbee, the mission- and customs; and the classes who have ary-superintendent of her Sunday-school. missionary exercises to prepare use it During the lesson hour the room is the as a study room.

home of the "Outlook Class," the mem- "The presiding' officer of the 'Out- bers of which are largely responsible for looks,' or one of her assistants, is always the care of it. on hand during 'reading hours' to an- "Mrs. Bigsbee did not attempt impos- swer questions or assist children in find-

ing the help they need. The 'Outlooks' picture it was and all they had heard also buy the books, which are loanedoy about the missionary. Most of them Mrs. Bigsbee, who is arranging for had forgotten all about it, but a little reading-circles in all the departments judicious questioning brought most of above the Primary." it back again, and a lasting impression was finally. made on their minds.

"Whatever you want to put into Who Is He? the school must be put into the The Arlington Avenue Presbyterian teachers first." – A Public-School Sunday-school, East Orange, New Superintendent. Jersey, makes great use of pictures. "Gradually a series of the pictures of "A Sunday-school worker who is great missionaries have appeared on not a missionary worker is out of place."-B. F. JACOBS. the walls," says Miss J. Gertrude "A model superintendent will in- Hutton, Director of Religious Educa- terest his whole school in missions tion in the school, "sometimes very and bring the whole world into his quietly, sometimes formally presented schooI-room."-BIsHOP VINCENT. and unveiled with ceremonies planned and carried out by some of the classes. Pictures in the Sunday-school Now and then a missionary's picture ap- Portraits of great missionary-heroes, pears on the bulletin-board with the both home and foreign, should have a question, 'Who is he?' Almost invariplace on the walls of every Sunday- ably within a few days the name is added school. In the old days it was almost in a childish hand. Then, the next Sunimpossible to get them in suitable size, day, follows the question, 'What did he but now they can be obtained-fifty dif- do?' with like results." ferent ones representing the most prominent fields at home and abroad-at sma:l In order to enable the children to discost from the Missionary Education cover for themselves the identity of the Movement. missionary and some of his notable Hung in the Sunday-school room, and achievements, there was placed in the used in a wise and helpful manner, such missionary reference-room of the school, pictures are a constant inspiration. They which is well equipped with all kinds of are invaluable in teaching missionary missionary literature, a copy of the lessons and as a text for platform talks. game, "Who's Who in Missions." By When purchased they should not be looking through the fifty cards, each of simply hung up, but should be formally which bears the picture of a great mispresented-unveiled, perhaps, with ap- sionary and some of the leading facts propriate ceremonies. of his life, the children could easily find In a Methodist Sunday-school in the the information desired. vicinity of New York City, this plan was used. A class of girls collecte,i Building an Exercise Around a Picture money, and bought a framed portrait of At Silver Bay, two years ago, one of Mary Porter Gamewell to present to the school. On the Sunday when the pre- the delegates told of the following plan sentation took place, the class told the that had been used with great success story of Mrs. Gamewell's life and work. in his Sunday-school. and then one of the girls came forward with the picture, which was appropri- One Sunday morning when the chilately received by the superintendent of dren arrived they found hanging above the school. The next Sunday attention the platform a large picture of a comwas called to it hanging on the wall, and pany of immigrants landing at Ellis Isthe children were asked to tell whose land. The title of the picture had been cut off, and nothing whatever was said

· DEPARTMENT OF BEST

about it while the school was in session. rather than to sit still and do nothing,"

This aroused great curiosity and after were given to a boy of thirteen with Sunday-school the children gathered the three questions cited above. 1He around the picture wondering what it faithfully read, "My Life and Times"

could be. from beginning to end, and then told The next Sunday the title was stili the story clearly and well.

missing, but this motto appeared beneath A Plea for Maps in the Sunday-School"

I SAVE AMERICA FOR THE WORLD'S SAKE. It would greatly help the cause of mis- sions if maps of the world were on the This whetted their curiosity stilI more, walls of the churches and the Sundaybut no reference whatever was made school rooms. In very many schools the either to the motto or the picture. But map of Palestine and maps of Paul's on the third Sunday, when a brief but journeys are found, but a map of the telling exercise on "Immigration" was whole world is rarely seen. It is well given in the school, it was found that to know what God did in Palestine and both motto and picture had played an in Asia Minor and in other portions of important preliminary part in the way the ancient world, but He is operating of stimulating inquiry and securing at- on a much larger theater to-day and tention. doing much larger things, and His chil- dren should be interested in knowing A Program Built Around a Motto where He is at work and what He is Missionary mottoes should also have doing. Missionary maps will help them a place on the walls of every Sunday- to know.

school room. At Silver Bay, the Rev. One Christian leader said: "I love to .of George F. Sutherland, Educational Sec- stand before a map the world, and, retary of the Methodist Board of For- pointing the audience to it, say, 'There eign Missions, told how they have been are the regions and continents and is- used in his school. lands of the fallen world. Our Re- One Sunday a large placard, with deemer is their rightful possessor if Livingstone's famous declaration in the present ruler is the prince of dark- regard to earthly possessions was hung ness. We are wresting them from Satan by our missionary triumphs.''' One can I will place no value on anything I speak and pray more intelligently about have or may possess except in relation missions after a study of the fields in to the kingdom of Christ. which the missionaries are at work.

before the school with a list of ques- When one member of the family tions as follows: migrates to some section of the West or South, or goes as an ambassador, consul 1. Who said it? or business agent to Africa or Asia or 2. Under what circumstances? Polynesia or Australasia, it is not long 3. How did he live it out? before an atlas is secured and his place The next Sunday volunteer answers found and marked. A new and vital to these questions were called for and interest in that part of the world is dethey were given and discust very veloped. Why should not the same be helpfully. true when missionaries leave home? Another plan was to give an indi- Why not trace their movements until vidual scholar a motto with a list of they reach their destination, and then questions and have him report on it to learn what we can about the land in· the school. Thus Cyrus Hamlin's words, "Let me fail in trying to do something *Reprinted from The lJ,fis.:;ionary Intelligence,..

which they represent us? There are subject between a Congregational superyoung men and women in every church intendent and a secretary of the Ameriwho could draw maps. They will do can Board, the usual argument was adthis gladly if they are asked. vanced that the hour was already over- crowded and that five minutes could not Lord Salisbury advised people to study be found to devote to the subject of mislarge maps. By doing so they could sions. But the next Sunday when the understand and know what was going secretary visited this superintendent's on in the world. Over against the school he noted that altho the majority names of some of his generals, N apo- of the children were present when the leon wrote, "Well acquainted with hour struck, the session began exactly maps." That was a strong recommend- eight minutes late! Five of these ation. Robert Murray McCheyne re- wasted minutes devoted to missions solved to read missionary books with would not only help the cause but do a map before him. The Moderator of much for the efficiency of the school. the Church of Scotland spoke of a little "If our schools could only realize atlas that he carried as his prayer book. their opportunity," says Mr. Hugh Cork It helped him to locate the missionaries "five minutes would not be begrudged, of the church, and that helped him to and the result would be many more boys pray for them and for the coming of and girls offering themselves for Christhe kingdom in all its power and glory. tian work as a life occupation."

AIM A Primary Mission Band A MISSIONARY IMPRESSION EVERY The entire Primary Department of SUNDAY* the Sunday-school of the First Presby- terian Church, Statesville, North During Opening or Closing Exercises Carolina, is organized into what may 1. Missionary Bible Readings. well be called a Primary Mission Band. 2. Definite Prayer for Missions. All the children, from the tots in the 3. Hymns of Declaration and Con- beginners' classes up to the graduates, are greatly interested in both home and quest. foreign missions. They support two 4. Bible Drills. native evangelists in the Kongo Mission 5. Introduction of Missionaries. of the Southern Presbyterian Church, 6. Recognition of Student Volun- and during the summer paid the ex- penses of two teachers in the North teers. Carolina mountains. 7. Missionary Lantern Slides. 8. Missionary Mottoes and Portraits. How do these little folks accomplish 9. Brief Reference to Current Mis- so much? The answer is given by Miss Mary R. Adams in The Missionary sionary Events. Survey as follows: 10. Short missionary stories. I!. Sentences from missionary let- "Each teacher makes a house-to-house visitation of her class, explaining to ters. parents the missionary work, asking 12. Special missionary programs. their cooperation and leaving with each child a mite-box. One teacher made the One Way to Find Time boxes for her class very attractive by pasting a picture of a group of moun- The plan of devoting five minutes to tain children on one side, and a group missions every Sunday is being used in from Luebo, Africa, on the other, thus a large number of schools, but many a superintendent objects to it on the score of no time. But "where there's a will there's a way."

Last winter in a conference on the , * Adapted from a leaflet issued by the Missionary Department of the Illinois State Sunday·School As- socIation, Mr. J. D. Templeton, Bloomington, 111., Superintendent.

OF BEST

depicting their special work in Home them, that 'it is more blessed to give and Foreign Missions. than to receive.' Last Christmas they had a tree for the children of Barium "At the close of the year they have Springs Orphans' Home, six miles their annual graduating exercises and away. Each little girl brought a drest mite-box opening, which has grown in doll, and each little boy a toy, whicil, importance from year to year, until it with bags of candy and fruit, made an has become an interesting occasion to attractive tree. Many small faces the congregation at large. An enter- beamed with joy as they saw dolls and taining missionary program of songs, toys given to their small visitors, but recitations and stories is given entirely not one showed disappointment at not by the children. Singing a missionai·y being the recipient of a gift. . song, they march into the auditorium carrying their mite-boxes in their hands. "If any success is claimed, and you should ask anyone of the eight teach- "One year two of the older boys in ers wherein it lies, the answer would the Sunday-school who are very in- be, 'Our inner prayer circle.''' genious made a small boat, The Lapsley. This was placed on a "There is enormous latent power in table and two small boys drest as the 974,777 members of our Presby- sailors stood ready to load the boat terian Sunday-schools. An average of as the children filed by leaving one cent a month would yield $116,973.- their boxes. Another year a barrel was 24 a year."-ROBERT E. SPEER. covered with white crepe paper with hoops made of black. On the center in Organizing the Sunday-schoob of a large black letters was the word, Presbytery 'Africa.' The African Mission flag, blue with a yellow star in the center, The Presbytery of Cincinnati is ~o floated from the open top, and two boys thoroughly alive to the importance of stood by and lowered the barrel from interesting children in missions that the table as the children marched by, systematic efforts have been made to dropping in their mite-boxes. The organize along missionary lines all Sun- barrel, a large nail keg, was filled to day-schools included in its territory. overflowing. Each year the exercises The very effective method used is out- are varied. lined in The Home Missioft Monihly as follows: "There is never a Sunday when mis- sions are not brought to the minds 1)£ "Each Sabbath-school class is an or- the children in some way, but the first ganized mission band with a chairman Sunday of each month is distinctively and secretary to keep its members in- Missionary Sunday. All lessons are formed as to the work to be done anc! dispensed with. Some of the children to keep an account of the meetings have learned to know, when they see held and the money given. In order to the teacher who is to talk to them, avoid the complications arising from what country they will visit that day. too many organizations reporting to the A sea of eager, upturned faces greets Presbyterial Society, these bands are het as she talks to the little ones about grouped according to their ages, four the children in heathen lands, the chil- or five classes in a group which bears dren in the mountains, the immigrant some such name as 'Willing Workers,' children, the Indian children, or the or 'Missionary Helpers.' This gives negro children. the church only about six bands to report. "Each Christmas these children give "The officers and teachers of the Sab- an illustration of the lesson imprest on

bath-school constitute the executive young people of the churches are orily committee and have their chairman, waiting to be led into a larger knowl- secretary, and treasurer. This execu- edge and a greater usefulness in this tive committee prepares the missionary important work."

instruction which is given in five-minute What a Junior Teacher Did talks-one each Sunday morning-by a teacher, an older pupil who has been "Can you suggest," asked a reader of prepared by a teacher, or by some visit- The Christian Herald, "an interesting ing missionary. missionary service for Junior scholars?"

The answer as given by Mr. Frank L. Brown, General Secretary of the World's Sunday-school Association in The Herald's "Sunday-School Workers'

Round Table" is as follows : "One of the most interesting mission- ary exercises I know of was the result of the work of a Junior teacher, a seven- teen-year-old girl. She was intrusted with a class of live-wire, ten-year-old Junior boys, as her first assignment.

She had tact enough to know that the interest of perpetual-motion digits of that age could never be secured simply by Sunday teaching. So every Friday afternoon she invited the boys to her home after school hours.

"Then she procured a well-illustrated story of the life of John G. Paton, mis- sionary to the New Hebrides. This thrilling story of hairbreadth escapes from threatening natives was read by the boys in turn to the others, a chapter a week. The other boys listened. Then MR. J . D. TEM PLETON 'S POLICY FOR ILLINOIS the teacher would ask one of them, with- out previous notice, to rehearse the story SUNDAY-SCHOOLS of that chapter, and it was done always "Mite boxes are supplied and once with a fidelity to the facts that showed every quarter an evening meeting is held how intently the reading was listened when a missionary program is given. to. This reading was followed each This consists of a missionary play given week by games or something good to by some teacher and her band, a stereop- eat, for at that age the stomach seems ticon missionary lecture, or a talk by a direct road to a boy's heart.

an enthusiastic missionary. .The mite "Week by week the boys were ab- boxes are opened, the money is reported sorbing not simply the vivid details of from each band, and light refreshments the story, but something of the heroic, are served. faith-filled life of John G. Paton, and "The results of this method have been ge/iting their impulses for mIssIOnary shown in a great increase in the in- giving, and it may be, for missionary terest in missions and in larger gifts living, later on.

than ever before. The children and "After the book had been completed.

OF BEST METHODS

a map of the ~ew Hebrides was drawn. was drawn aside, the children rose and Then the class was asked to conduct a sang: missionary exercise in the Junior De- "Where He leads me, I will follow . . . partment. The boys occupied an hon- I'll go with Him, with Him, all the way."

ored seat on the platform and one of In a somewhat similar manner the them explained the map. Then several Sunday-school of Emmanuel Baptist of them told the story of John G. Paton . Church, Schenectady, New York, took and his wonderful work to a gaping up the study of the life of Judson during crowd of juniors. Neither the boys, the the Judson Centennial last year. During teachers, nor the department will soon the quarter a large framed 'picture of forget that day. Judson was hung in the Sunday-school room, Judson stories were told, Judson "There are scores of thrilling stories mottoes learned, and Judson medals of Uganda, Korea, China, and India sold. that could be read by junior and intermediate boys and girls in the same way, Half-Told Tales and would make an equally interesting One of the best methods of awakenprogram for any missionary organiza- ing interest in a special missionary book L lon ." in the Sunday-school library is the teil- Thirteen Weeb with a Missionary ing, from the platform, of a "Half-told Studying the life and work of some Tale" from its pages. To do this select great missionary during the Sundays of an entire quarter has proved an excel- . a thrilling story and stop at the most exciting point where everybody is eager lent plan in schools that have tried it. to know what happens next. Then give It need not take much time-it would be quite sufficient on one Sunday to sing the name of the, book in which the rest the missionary's favorite hymn; on an- of the story may be found and state other to read some passage from the that it is in the library and that who- Bible ~onnected with his life; on a third ever applies for it first may have it. to tell a story or give some incident of This is a plan that has been tried with. his career; on a fourth to memorize one great success in the Bible School of Bedford Presbyterian Church, Brookof his famous sayings; and so on. lyn, New York, and is also recommended in Trull's "Five Missionary Minutes." In The Sunday-School Times Miss The following stories will be found Florence Norton tells how this plan suitable for this purpose: worked out in the Junior Department of a Philadelphia Sunday-school, at the "When the Jugglers Came to Nalgiri," time of the Livingstone Centennial. in Other People's Children. (The Luther- an Publication Society.) Every. Sunday for weeks the .children "The Spotted Tiger Foiled" and "The had been studying about the great mis- Angry Mob and the Story of the Cross," in The Cobra's Den. (Revell. $1.00.) sionary explorer and on a Sunday in "An Encounter with a Ten-foot Ser- March near the one hundredth anni- pent," in In the Tiger Jungle. (ReveIl, $1.00.) versary of his birth, they had a special "Captured by Cannibals," in The Trans- celebration. The program consisted formation of Hawaii. (Revell, $1.00.) largely of stories of his life told by the "A Dangerous Encounter," in Bishop children themselves. At the close of Hannington, by Berry, pp. 90-93. (Revell, the last story which told of his death $1".oAo·)Perl'1. ous E xped"ItIon,".111 S 00 Thah. (Revell, $1.00.) on his knees in the little African hut "Facing an Angry Elephant," "Two and of his burial in Westminster Abbey, Against One," and "An Uninvited Guest,"

a large portrait of him was unveiled. A in Adventures with Four-Footed Folk. (Revell, $1.00.) .. fI~g had been draped over it and as this "Attacked with Clubs," "A Perilous Pil-

grimage," and "Under Knife and Toma- Methodist Episcopal S·unday-school at hawk," in The Story of John G. Paton. (Armstrong, $1.00.) Canandaigua, New York, for interesting "Challenging Ghosts and Hobgoblins," in his school in missions, is a series of Hamlin's My Life and Times. (Out of print, but to be found in many libraries.) printed slips, each containing ten ques- A Korean Cut-out tions calculated to arouse interest and Cutting out and talking at the same stimulate research. The answer to each time is not an easy thing to do before an audience of children, but it is :ill question is the name of a famous miseffective method of arousing interest and holding attention. It can be done sionary and the slips are passed out at either from the platform or in class. Sunday-school with the request that One summer Sunday when Professor W. C. Taylor of Union Presbyterian they be returned at a given time. One Church, Schenectady, New York,' was asked to take charge of a class of young of the slips used was as follows: girls whose teacher was away, he made use of this method. In Trull's "Mis- WHO? sionary Methods for Sunday-School Workers," he found the statement (page 1. What missionary was put in prison, 128) that in Korea when anyone is ill starved, and hung up by his heels? paper cats are strung in front of the· house to drive away the evil spirits. As 2. What 'missionary went through the the lesson furnished an excellent oppor- dty walls at night with the bullets singtunity for a talk on medical missions he ing about his ears to help make a truce decided to cut out strings of paper cats, between the royalists and revolutionists talking as he cut. in China?

The day was warm and the girls 3. What woman about to be killed by somewhat listless, but when he produced a Chinese mob, tore off the hem of her scissors and paper and began to work gown, and bound up a child's head? they were attention at once. He ·said nothing whatever about what he was 4. What champion bicycle-rider of doing but told the story as tho nothing the world became a foreign missionary? else was going on. Then he unfolded the paper and produced the cats much 5. What mjssionary rode thousands to their amazement. of miles on horseback at the beginning of winter to save a great territory for Missionary Search Questions the United States?

One of the plans devised by Mr. W. 6. What missionary explored a con- G. Lightfoote, superintendent of the tinent, discovered the largest falls in the world, helped break up the slave trade, died on his knees / praying, and was buried in Westminster Abbey?

7. What medical missionary is called the Savior of Liao-Yang? What brave deed did he do?

8. What mISSIOnary kept at bay throughout an entire night a band of hyenas and cheetahs?

9. What missionary has a hospital- ship in the Arctic regions? 10. What woman went in disguise into the mountains of Tibet, risking her life?

Find as many answers as you can and bring this slip to Sunday-school, Feb- ruary 23, 1913.

W. G. LIGHTFOOTE, Superintendent.

Dl' ,LS

THE LATIN-AMERICAN CONGRESS study the needs of Latin America and the spiritual forces that may be more THERE were those who criticized the adequately mobilized for the regenera- omission of Roman Catholic and tion of tne non-Christian people of Greek Catholic countries from the pro- those lands. gram of the Edinburgh Conference. The reasons given for the exclusion were: The missionary who goes to labor in ( 1) the desire to obtain the cooperation Latin America must take the same poof all Protestant Christians, including sition in regard to the religion of the the High Church party of the Church people among whom he labors as that of England, and (2) the fact that non- taken by Jesus Christ and His Apostles Christian lands present problems so when Christianity was first established. peculiar and so large in themselves that As witnesses to the truth they go not they might well be considered alone. to destroy any good, but to reveal the evil by holding up the Light. If their Now that it has been 'decided to hold message of truth, spoken in the spirit of another world conference exclusively love, causes opposition they are not to to consider the needs and problems of blame. The missionary to Latin Amerthe Latin-American countries there are ica, as to any other land, must proclaim Christians who object to the program. the positive truth of the Gospel as re- Some hold that there is no need to vealed in the Bible without fear or evangelize Roman Catholic lands. favor-not as a bigot but as a messenger Others say that they should be regarded of Christ. as pagans. Some dislike to risk an- Everywhere, Christ must be lifted :IP of tagonizing the church Rome, others as the one mediator between God, and 'man, as the only revealed Savior from fear a compromise of the truth. sin and its consequences. In South In February the Board of Missions of America failure is not due to unbelief in the deity of Christ or the necessity for the Protestant Episcopal Church laid on His atonement, but the difficulty is that the table the resolution to accept the in- these truths have been obscured by vitation to participate in the conference. other teachings. The evangelistic mes- They did not wish to antagonize the sage must be put first, tho, educational Roman Catholic church which would not methods may be of great value in dealing be invited to participate. At the May with certain classes of people. Sociomeeting, however, the Board accepted logical and purely intellectual missions the invitation "provided that whatever are apt to obscure the main missionary notice or invitation is sent to any Chris- message and lead men to seek the fruits tian body shall be sent to every commun- of Christianity without the roots. ion having work in Latin America." There is, however, still in the Episcopal Thus far Protestant miSSions in. Church much Ollllosition to any llartici- South America have 'reached chiefly the pation in the Conference. lower classes because these classes have felt most keenly their need of help. The This "Congress on Christian Work in Latin America," as it is now called, is not to create controversy, but to

material prosperity of many South have held that they could not afford to Americans has led them to feel inde- increase their gifts largely to the Lord's pendent of the benefits offered by campaign. The war has demonstfated Christ. The work of the Y. M. C. A. how possible it is to send out a million and Y; W. C. A., is reaching many of men from England, the flower of the the educated classes, but as a rule they land, and even larger numbers frod! Gerare uninterested in the Gospel. It is many and France, Italy and Russia, time that Christian forces united to win tho most of them will never return and Latin America to Christ. There are hun- will soon be out of the fight. It is a dreds of Indian tribes in South America lesson as to what a nation can do when who have as yet heard no evangel. thoroughly aroused. .

This is not a time for Christians in Moreover, men are learning on what a home churches to squabble over non- diminutive scale they have financed the essentials. ~t is a time for prayer and missionary enterprise. Those who . cooperation, that the Gospel of Christ "could not afford" one hundred dollars may be faithfully and artequately present- a year to advance the cause of peace ed to our brothers and sisters of Latin and love and righteousness, have found America. . that the money they were holding has "KNEE MEDICINE" slipped fi-om their grasp. The govern- ments have spent in destructive warfare ACHINESE convert when asked by more in one day than the churches of a missionary what remedy he found Christendom have given in a year to most effective in curing his fellow preach the Gospel of life to those in the countrymen of the opium habit, idolatry, bondage of death. It would take over fear of persecution and other sins, re- one hundred years for one man merely plied laconically: "Knee Medicine." to count out the dollars that have been spent in this one year of destructive Is there any other potent remedy for warfare. doubts and discouragements, failure anrl sin, than that found through earnest, Much has been wriften in recent persevering prayer? That has proved weeks on the value of preparedness, adethe efficacious remedy for openifig qnate defenses and equipment to prevent closed doors, illuminating darkened surprize attacks from an enemy. Is there minds, cleansing impure hearts, enough thought given to the necessity strengthening weak wills, supplying for moral preparedness and equipment needed workers and funds, guiding a against the unexpected attacks of the perplexed and struggling church and devil and his agents? Some of the lands transforming whole committees. "Knee- at war are taking the opportunity to put medicine" is a powerful tonic and down the traffic. in strong drink, and remedy for all spi~itual ailments. America is steadily advancing toward prohibition. But there are other steps THE CHRISTIAN FORCES O NE of the lessons that God seems that must be taken in the fortification to be teaching his people by the 0'£ moral character against defeat. The sorrows and sacrifices of the European Sabbath amusements, and business must war is that Christians, as a rule, have as be cleansed and readjusted to correspond yet made no sacrifices for the advance- to the laws of God. '

ment of the Kingdom of God. Profest The nations at war have been mobil- followers of Christ have held up their izing their men and conserving and rc- hands and declared that it was impos- con~ructing their finances, inventions sible to send out 20,000 more mission- and industries so that they may all be aries from the home churches. They nsed in the cause of national success.

70 r

These are valued assets, but the greatest owned and edited by Japanese, gives the forces in personal and national life are Japanese point of view on this subject: spiritual, not material. The Christian "That the Japanese alone should be and the Church must take stock of denied in China the rig-ht of preaching forces, must mobilize and organize more which is enjoyed by all other nationaliearnestly for the world-wide campaign. ties of the West, is an unfairness which This may be helped by conventions and it is but natural for us to wish removed. conferences, but the secret of power lies . . . In principle, it may be most denot there. Power belongs unto God sirable that we are on equal footing with and only those who are continually in the other Powers in China in the right vital touch with the source of Power can of religious propagandism, and there is prevail. It is time that the Church fairly strong groun'd for demanding the mobilized more definitely for prayer. right as elsewhere discust; but that its Then the spirit of truth, of love, of self- acquisition is a matter of pressing necessacrifice will prevail. A united and sity does not seem conclusive." Christlike Church, depending on spiritual forces, under the leadership of al- The editor comments upon the fact mighty God, will prove an irresistible that the chief effort to have this propaforce in the winning of the world to ganda countenanced come~ not from re- Christ. ligious teachers but from political par- ties, and is evidently for other than re- . THE JAPANESE VIEWPOINT ligious motives. Buddhism, -if it -is "to AMERICAN Christians are often too become a socio-religious force of civiliz- prone to expect that a nation like ing value, requires a most thorough re- Japan, which has only recently emerged form." He feels that the desire of from isolation, and is still largely guided Japanese Buddhists to preach in China by the dim light of Buddhism and Shinto, probably arises from the impression should be guided by the same principles "that Christian missionaries in China and motives as those which are supposed are there, in one way or another, to to govern American policy and practise. secure political and economic advan- Japan has made wonderful progress, tages for their countries." This, he and has some remarkably able statesmen, rightly concludes, would be "the worst but it is not to be wondered at if they are t.hing that could happen to Japan; for not governed by unselfish Christian prin- priests who serve other purposes than ciples in their relations to Korea, China, their spiritual mission can not but be and th~ Occident. They are moved by hypocrites, and hypocrites can never temporal ideals and by principles of ex- render any real good to anybody."

pediency-as most nations are. Still, Bishop Tucker, of Japan, says, in com- they are helping to transform Korean menting on this subject in The Spirit of sanitation, commerce, judicial procedure, Missions: "Whatever one may think of and education. China has been, no Japan's recent demands on China, no doubt, treated with all the consideration Christian missionary can consistently we could expect from a Japanese point oppose that clause which asks for free- of view. dom to send missionaries. We can not In Group V. of the recent demands -deny to the Buddhists what we ask for made by Japan was the right to propa- ourselves, and certainly we can not af- gate the Buddhist religion in China. De- ford to let the impression get abroad cision on this point was postponed, in that we are afraid to compete with them order to enable the parties to reach an in missionary work." While this is true, agreement on other matters. An edi- it is to be devoutly hoped that any re- torial from the Japan Times, a paper ligious propaganda in China will be for

spiritual ends and not for selfish pur- low His lead and to supply the needs of Zenanaed widows in India, the neglected poses. There is enough of the latter in children in China, the sin-enslaved races of Africa, the blinded followers of Mopolitics and commerce. ' hammed, and th! weak and crippled souls of Christendom? Our attitude of mind "AS A MAN THINKETH" reveals our true selves; our acts reveal our real thoughts, and our ow.n destiny OWEN WISTER, in a remarkable ar- is determined by our attitude and our ticle, published in the Saturday obedience to Christ and His leadership. Evening Post (July 3), remarks: Many who deprecate militarism and the "I want no better photograph of any false idea that physical might makes ind.vidual than his opinion of this war. right, still meekly yield to the immoral militarism and the money power in poli- If he has none, that is a photograph of tics and social life. Many who denounce the unwarranted devastation of Belgium him. Last autumn there were Americans and pity the sufferings of Poland look on who wished the papers would stop print- with apparent indifference at the coning war news and give their readers a tinued despoiling of the women and chilchange. So we have their photographs, dren ,in the temples of India and the as well as those of other Americans who awful plight of the Nestorians in Persia merely calculated the extra dollars they and the. Armenians in Turkey. Others could squeeze out of Europe's need and who think with horror of the wanton agony. But that-thank God-is not destruction of innocent victims on the what we (Americans) look like as a torpedoed vessels at sea, look on with whole. Our sympathy has poured out seeming indifference at the torpedoing for Belgium a springtide of help a~d of churches and colleges by faithless relief; it has flowed to the wounded and preachers and agnostic teachers. There affiicted of Poland, Serbia, France, and are those, too, calling themselves Chris- England. . . . Yet, somehow, in Eu- tians, who would denounce as traitors rope's eyes we fall short." those who refuse to respond to the call of king and country, or who play into Friends, how do we stand in God's the hands of the enemy, and yet these eyes? What does He, who looks not on same Christians refuse to give of themoutward appearance qut on the heart, see selves or their substance to advance the not only pf our attitude and opinions cause of the King of Kings or even join concerning this European conflict; but the ranks of those who, ignorantly or concerning the still greater, more impor- maliciously, scoff at the missionary protant and eternal conflict against evil and paganda. God give us clear vision to for the extension of the Kingdom of see the right in temporal and in eternal God? Does He see us indifferent to the conflicts, and give us the strength of principles involved where' many are character and self-sacrificing spirit to using their power wrongfully and with follow the Master's lead at whatever the selfish purpose of throttling their op- cost, The heroism shown on European ponents? Does He see us careless when battlefields, great as it is, is only a temmillions of our fellow men are suffering porary impulse compared with the from oppression and wrong, and are dauntless courage and unselfish devotion dying without God and without hope? exhi1:iited through long years on many a Does He see us eager to take advantage mission field in the campaigns of the of the extremity of others, heaping up Kingdom of God. comforts, increasing luxuries at home, while our brothers are bravely fighting and enduring hardships on the frontier mission fields? Or does He see us keenly alive to the call of our Great Commander, ready to sacrifice everything to fol-

WODLD-WiDE

MlSSIONADY NEWS JAPAN-KOREA Japan's Demand for Books The Power of God in J'apan THE Christian Literature Society of Japan is making strenuous efforts AN OLD DECREE.-HSO long as the sun shall, continue to warm the earth to combat the pernicious influence of unlet no Christian be so bold· as to come healthy Western literature. Novels and to Japan."-Imperial Edict, 1808. rhapsodies from the pens of European "realists" have been rendered into J ap- AN OLDER DECREE.-HMy word shall not anese. Even Western dramas of sug~ return unto me void, but it shan accom- gestive nature have been translated and plish that which I please, and it shall staged in Tokyo. The Japanese have prosper in the thing whereto I sent it" always, been inclined to take to new (Isa. 55: 11). ideas, and the products of the Western authors disposed to break with the es- A FULFILMENT.-To the Y. M. C. A. tablished social conventions have been of Japan: "Having heard of your work received in Japan with avidity. The for the comforting of the soldiers at the translations of Occidental writings of frorit, their majesties, the Emperor and this class are published in cheap pamph- Empress, are pleased to grant you the let form, selling for a penny or two a sum of ten thousand yen."-The Im- copy. One such pamphlet, described by perial Household Department, May, a Japanese literary critic as "vile," has 1905. had a sale of 850,000 copies.

Japanese CluJ, Study Christianity Some editors of Japanese newspapers are protesting with vigor against these HE Missionary Intelligencer quotes publications. Missionaries state that the T Mr. Miagawa, one of the ablest' demand and the capacity for good liter- Christian scholars in Japan and pastor ature in.Japan exceeds that in any other of the largest independent Congreg(l- mission field. tional church, to the effect that in present-day Japan a million people ar~ read- New Privilege to Mission School. ing the Bible and making its teachings the standard of their lives. THE Japan Evangelist says that the Department of Educ!1-tion has The KiitsuClub, composed of sixty granted to certain Christian schools the of the leading statesmen, educators, and privilege of calling their middle school other men of influence in Japan, was departments Chu Gakubu (middle organized to study the moral and re- school department) instead of Futsu-bu ligious needs of Japan. Among its mem- (ordinary department), without surbers are ,Baron Shibuzawa, Japan's most rendering the right to keep religious in- – influential business man, Baron Saki- struction as a part of the regular course. tani, ex-minister of finance, Baron This privilege has been one for, which Kiguchhi, ex-minister of education, Mr. Christian schools in Japan have con~ Chasi, M.P., and the President of the tended for a number of years, and the Imperial and Wasada Universities. granting of it may be regarded as 'a Three mpnths of last year were devoted t.o J the study of Christianity.

triumph for Christian educators who tute in Chicago and an ordained minister have always stood for the principle that of the Church of Christ in Japan, which schools supported by private funds and includes all the mission work of the teaching up to the government standard various Presbyterian boards in that emshould ha~e the same privilege as public pire. He has been very successful in schools, and at the same time be free '_0 the past in evangelistic work, and when give religious instruction to their stu- the three years' campaign was proposed, uents. Under the new regulation ,it will he came to the United States, in order be possible to give religious instruction to study Sunday's methods. He arrived freely either as a part of the regular in this country in time to hear Sunday curriculum or outside it. preach in Denver last autumn, foJlow;ed A Japanese Prophecy him to Des Moines and heard him in every sermon of his campaign there for " BAPTISM means in Japan an en- three weeks: Then he started back to tirely new birth of the soul," says Japan. In April he was ready to begin work 'on a new basis-completely "SUll- Mr. N. Kato, former editor:in-chief of dayized." A great tent which he secured the Japanese Christian World. In pre- he pitched in the immediate vicinity of dicting that Japan will adopt Christian tty the houses of parliament in Tokyo, and as the' only answer to her needs he there he has been preaching since, enspeaks as foJlows: "The patriotic spirit gaging the con~tantly increasing attenof self-sacrifice inculcated by Shintoism, tion of the people of Tokyo. Those who the sane, practical, moral teachings of have heard both Sunday and Kimura Confucianism, the profound doctrines say that Kimura has accomplished a very and pioety of Buddhism, have aJl con'- striking ieproduction of Sunday's mantributed to form a strong national spirit ners. The Japanese language apparently which is the net outcome of the spiritual does not permit as much scope for slang development of the nation through its as there is in .American speech, but long history. This spiritual legacy is Kimura goes as far as he can in that not, to be ignored. We must clearly re- direction and puts his message continncognize that the mission of Christianity aJly in the vernacula'r of the streets. should be not to eliminate or destroy all these spiritual attainments, but to bring about their fulfilment, and to supply Work for Japanese in Korea what is lacking in them. Figuratively speaking, Shintoism gave Japan its THERE are over 250,000 Japanese in bones, Confucianism its flesh, Buddhism Korea-many of them earnest Chrisits nerves, and Bushido its blood, but life itself or the vitai force of the whole tians, like J ustice Watanabe of the organism must be given by Christianity. Court of Appeals at Seoul. Among these Nationalistic Shintoism, secular Con- Japanese, Rev. and Mrs: F. S. Curtis of fucianism, conventional Buddhi'sm, the Presbyteriart Mi,ssion have been chivalric Bushido- none of these will working for some years and have sucsuffice to meet the spiritual needs of the ceeded in establishing a number af rising generation in Japan."-North- cl,mrches, with Japanese pastors. The western Christian Advocate. "Church of ChriSt in Japan" is active in helping toward the support and ovet:- The "Billy Sunday" of Japan sight of this work among their fellow countrymen. Now Mr. and Mrs. Curtis REV. H. S. KIMURA, Who is caJled have been called""from Korea to take up .. "the Japanese Billy Sunday," has ,work in Shimonoseki, Japan.

recently come to America for a brief The workalfiong the Ja:panese in visit: He is a graduate of Moody Insti- Korea has been particularly difficult on

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

account of the constant shifting of their Picture-Carda and Cigareta T place of residence. The results. have HE cigaret companies have invaded Korea as well as China. Everybeen encouraging, however, and the Jap- anese have been very hospitable. Most where their picture-cards are seen posted of the work must be done by house to in Korean homes. Missionaries, esped- house visitation, since the people are ally those in Korea, are pleading earn- kept at home by household duties. estly for good picture-cards used by the Sunday-schools of America. The Sunday-School Growth in Korea Korean people, as well as the people of other oriental nationalities, eagerly seek IN Korea, as elsewhere, the mission- for these picture-cards even tho they aries have found the Sunday-school a may illustrate lessons that have been most effective means for propagating studied in America weeks or months ago. Christianity. Mr. M. L. Swinehart, of The greatest difficulty connected with the Southern Presbyterian Mission, tells the sending of these cards to. foreign of the remarkable growth throughout countries is the cost of postage. Rev. S. the mission stations in Sunday-school D. Price, Metropolitan Tower, New work during the past three years: York City, has undertaken to inform any one who desires to be put in touch with "Three years ago I visited Mokpo and' some needy foreign field how these found there were about 250 attending cards may best be sent where they will Sunday-school each Sunday which prac- do the most good. Persons desiring to tically represented the church member- aid in this way should write to Mr. ship. I have been in Mokpo for the past Price for full explanation concerning six weeks supervising some building the necessary postal arrangements. operations, and during that time the average attendance at Sunday-school was over 850, or an increase of 240 pCI' CHINA cent. in three years. And these are all • Christian Statistics to Date enrolled by name and looked afte~" O usually at least, if they are absent from VT of a total of 356,000 Protestant Christians in China, the Mission a service." Year Book gives 28.4 per cent. as Lavish Giving of Time Presbyterians, 23.3 per cent. Metho- dists, 10.1 per cent. Lutherans, 10 per K OREAN Christians' are not able to cent. Anglicans, 10 per cent. converts o£ contribute large sums in money, the China Inland Mission, 8.9 per cent. but they gladly contribute largely of Baptists, 7.9 Congregationalists, and 1.4 their time to carry the Gospel of Christ per cent. miscellaneous. The foreign into the communities where He is not missionaries are given at 5,186, and known. Chinese workers 17,879, of whom only 650 are ordained. A recent report from Korea brings the information that the Christians of tha.t counfry are now contributing more than Contrasts in Peking T 100,000 days yearly of their time for HE celebration, in April, of 50 years of work of the American Board systematic evangelization work in their own country. Two members of a Bible Mission in Peking was marked by some class in Seoul, which has'a total mem- picturesque features. Dr. Chauncey bership of 500, walked 50 miles C,arry- Goodrich, who went to Peking in 1865 ing loads of charcoal to sell in or4~r to spoke of the handfuf of poor girls who,1 cover the expense of their ten-day in- were brought together in a little school struction course. ,. in 1868, and then he pointed to the 400

selected representatives from the girls' sation was held between the rich man schools in Peking to-day, covering all and Lazarua. grades from kindergarten to college seniors. 6. Was Jesus' resurrection a resur- rection of the body? Mr. Chuan, one of the first five students whom Mr. Blodget, the first mis- 7. From whence was God? Must :le sionary sent out by the Board, per- not have been created? suaded to come to his school, told of how his mother had gathered up her 8. Has God form and substance? courage to bring her two sons to this 'Please send out some men who can awful monster, the foreigner; and of his answer all these questions to the satisown fright at this strange being who faction of young minds. I shall be glad towered so far above him. This same to resign in their favor."-Missionary timid little boy has become one of the Herald. pillars of the church in China. Two of his sons have been educated in America Union Medical College in Peking and the third plans to come this fall. The Peking -mission now includes 21 T HE China Medical Board of the outstations, 24 preaching places and 11 Rockefeller Foundation, the work of organized churches. which was outlined in the June Review, was to send three physicians to China Chinese Schoolboys' Questions . in August, to make a preliminary can- vass of the field, on which to base the REV. ELMER W .. GALT, of Paoting- board's policy. Negotiations are under fu, is having an opportunity to test way for the purchase from the London the keenness of 1:he Chinese mind. He Missionary Society of the Union Medisends a list of questions which were cal College in Peking, which will form asked him by a Sunday-school class of a, nucleus for the continuation of the first-year academy pupils, boys about work in China. Other institutions probfourteen to sixteen, and comments on ably will be acquired in other parts of them as follows: the country as opportunity presents. Meantime all attention will be tt)1'n~d "In their asking there was doubtless toward developing Union College into a little of the spirit of wanting to test a model institution of advanced learning the foreign pastor; yet the eager atten- in medicine and surgery. tion plainly showed that the prevailing atmosphere was one of keen desire to The present staff includes fourteen know how the questions were to be met. foreign physicians, all of whom will be These are the questions: retained by the Rockefeller Foundation. The Foundation becomes responsible 1. What proofs are there that Chris- only for the medical work and inedical tianity is the true religion? standards of the hospital and school, and. will not interfere in any way with .any 2. How do we know there is only one religious teaching which these mission- God? ary physicians may be incliried to under-· take, either in cOlVlection with their 3. Aren't Jesus, the Holy Spirit, and practise or outside. God the Father three Gods? It is proposed to have a board or 4. If Jesus was divine, was not his trustees, seven appointed by the Rockemother also divine? feller· Foundation; and six .by the mis-· sionary societies, one from each of the 5. Aren't heaven and hell lin· very organizations (three .American· and close proximity? Witness that conver- three British) which have been cooper- ating in the college.

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A Chinese Student's Testimony gratitude and affection on the part of the girls, and a greater tendency to look ONE of the Chinese students who upon the "Door of Hope" as their home. were enabled by the Indemnity fund to come to America to study in 1910, The other branches include a Home has described in the St. fohn's Echo for Stray Children, which is supported (published by St. John's College, Shang- by the Shanghai Municipal Council, and hai) the successive steps in his develop- has done good work. ment which led to his baptism. When he entered St. John's in 1905, a fourteen- Of the girls who have left the year-old lad, he regarded Christianity Homes in recent years 35 are students with apprehension and considered the in mission schools, three training as hosschool chapel services a nuisance. This pital nurses, five training as Bibleattitude developed into one of positive women, eight married to preachers, an<l antagonism, until he says that in 1908 16. are teachers and pupil teachers. he regarded Christianity as a big "fake" ; the missionaries as agents of their gov- Canton has forbidden slavery, and any ernments, which conspired to the ruin slave-girl who applies to the police is re- . of China; and all the Chinese converts ceived and educated. Those who can as "rice-Christians." see are sent to the "Government School for Rescued Slave Girls," and at the From the first moment of his arrival urgent request of the former chief of in America he was under the influence police, Mr., Chan King Wah, the blind of the Y. M. C. A. The Bible class girls of the singing class were committed which he attended during his University to the care of missionaries. A temporlife was a most profitable experience, ary mat shed was provided by the govand he speaks with especial emphasis of ernment for their shelter until a new the great value of the student confer- permanent building was recently comence at Lake Geneva, ~hich he attended pleted. This is known as the "Ching in 1912, in company with some forty Sam" school and was built with money other Chinese students. This seems to contributed by a wealthy Chinese gentlehave been the turning-point, for he says: man. "In the beginning of 1913 I was fully satisfied with the essential principles of INDIA Christianity, and on Easter Eve, 1913, I was baptized." THEPlague a Missionary Opportunity people of India are learning by Refuges for Chinese Girls the bitter experience of the years how to deal better with bubonic plague, T HE fourteenth annual report of the tho it has not lost its terrors. Rev. Door of Hope in Shanghai shows John Douglas, in writing of the last epithe increasing value of this work. From demic in Nagpur, says that thousands of the Industrial Home eighteen girls have people have been inoculated. There been married during the year. Two was a time when money inducements girls of strong individuality are being had to be offered; now they are coming prepared for, further service in a Bible- forward' of their own accord. The city training school. In beth, a wonderful of Nagpur is almost deserted, for the transformation of character through the people fled at the first approach of drawing power of Jesus Christ 'has been danger, and the open country for miles noticed. One girl has prov~d a disap- around is covered with booths, and is pointment, and has run away from the humming with life. Home. On the whole, however, the workers have observed an increase of "Almost every school has been closed, which sets free a considerable body of workers to devote their whole time to

preaching. Ve follow the people into and the Rajah of Cochin, was carried their encampments, and preach to them with acclamation, the whole assemhly by the roadsides or wherever a group of standing.

listeners can be brought together. They Misaionaries Taken for War Alrenta ,are in a chastened mood, and more serious and thoughtful than at any other T HE Presbyterian Mission in Western times. India has found an automobile a valuable adjunct in its touring work, and But our best opportunity is found in in the course of a recent four months' the open bazaars, where sometimes sev- trip over 200 villages were reached, and eral thousand people congregate. For probably 200,000 people preached to. the most part the ordinary market-places in the city have been closed, and the The workers report that in the vilbazaars are held on new sites far from lages meetings are better attended than the danger of infection. Some of these ever, and the eagerness of the people to have proved most conyenient for our hear the Gospel message is steadily inwork, and almost every afternoon our creasing. In one case, however, the mislittle band of workers takes its stand in sionaries have failed to secure the usual the center 'of a busy throng, who wa.it crowd to listen to thldr message. In a and listen to the message we have come small village off the main road, the to proclaim. Tracts are eagerly sought people did not see them coming until the and read, and many gospel portions have automobile drove into the midst of the been bought." bazaar. Some men who knew that a war was in progress and Indian soldiers Christian Congress in Travancore were going to the front, shouted: "They have come to take you to the war!"

ONE of the missionary problems in The people rose as with one accord and the near East and in India is the fled to the jungles, and in less than two relationship with the Armenian, N es- minutes the missionaries were the sole torian and Syrian churches. The co- inhabitants. N at until the chief officer operation that exists in Travancore is of the town sent some policemen after strikingly illustrated by the remarkable ,the fleeing villagers could any be pergathering of Christians which was held suaded to return. Even' then, not all at Kottayam, in the Native State ~ould come back, but slayed safely at Travancore, South India, on April 20, a distance until the missionaries had dewith the Anglican Bishop of Travancore parted. and Cochin as president, supported on the platform by six bishops of the Y. W. C. A. Conference in India T Syrian Church. It was the fourth ses- HE Indian National Committee Df the Young Women's Christian Assosion of the Travancore and Cochin Christian Congress. Some 2,000 Chris- ciation has issued a call for a national tians from all parts of the two Native conference, which will be held in Bom- States attended. The chairman of the bay from Dece~ber 30, 1915 to January reception committee in welcoming the 4, i916. The aim of the Conference is delegates referred to the internal dis- to bind all the Associations throughout sensions in the Syrian Church, and sug- India, Burma and Ceylon into a closer gested an appeal by the parties to the fellowship in their high purpose for the Anglican Bishops of Calcntta, Bombay, young womanhood of these lands. Re-'

Madras, and Travancore for the settle- ports of the work which has been done ment of religious disputes by arbitration. since the lQ.l't National Conference, A resolution of loyalty to the King- nearly five yli;iI,rs ago, will be presented, 'Emperor, the Maharajah of Travancore, the policy of work for the ensuing four

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years will be outlined, and the National MOSLEMS IN ASIA Committee and its officers will be elected. Turks Persecuting Native Christians A Moslem Mullah Accepts Christ A MESSAGE from Athens to the FROM Peshawar, on the ngrthwest New York Times states that Amer: frontier of Itldia, the C. M. S. Ga- ican travelers arrlVl11g there from zette reports the baptism of a Moslem, Turkey report that both Armenians and who has been until· the last few months Greeks, the two native Christian races a mullah at a mosque in that city. By of Turkey, are being systematically upsome means or other he came across a rooted from their homes en masse anq Bible in the mosque, and read a good driven forth summarily to distant prodeal of its contents. He was attracted vinces, where they are scattered in small by its teaching, and desiring to have it groups among Turkish villages and explained went to the cantonment mag- given the choice between immediate aCe istrate, in order to ask him about Chris- ceptance of Islam or death by the sword tianity. The magistrate listened to his or starvation. Their homes and proprequest with much kindness, and sent erty meanwhile are being immediately him with a note to the senior Church taken possession of by their Turkish Missionary Society missionary at Pesh- neighbors or by immigrants from Maceawar, who was, however, absent in the donia. hills. A Moslem friend told him that he could find out all he wanted by attend- Throughout the vilayets of Erzerum, ing the daily preaching at the Church Van, Bitlis, Diarbekr, Harput, Sivas, Missionary Society hospital, adding that and Adana the Armenians have been "the missionaries gave good medicine pitilessly evicted by tens of thousands but bad teaching." So the mullah be- and driven off to die in the desert gan to attend the preaching, tho he ap- n("ar Konia or to Upper Mesopotamia or plied for no medical treatment. After a the Iberian desert. These figures do not fortnight, Dr. Lankester discovered why include thousands massacred by the he came, and he was carefully instruct- Kurds or hanged without trial by the ed. About the end of 1913, he said that Turkish authorities all over Armenia. he could not 'possibly go on conducting The Greeks are faring little better, ex- Moslem prayers in the mosque. Ac- cept that they are not being massacred. cordingly, he left it and came to the hospital, where he was supported until Turkish Tales of German Victories he found employment in a missionschool. A RESIDENT in Jerusalem during the early months of the war wrih~s Buddhist Priest Becomes a Christian that the wondrous tales of victories set abroad by the Turks in the Palestinian U PO THIT, a yellow-robed phoon- capital might have served for a new • gyi priest of Buddha, in the city of edition of the "Arabian Nights." One Syriam, Burma, has become a disciple of Arabic paper described how a Zeppelin Christ. Such instances are very rare- had visited Petrograd, ,and by means of for a priest of Buddha, protected and a powerful magnet drawn up the Czar cared for, lives a life of ease. .His po- and taken him captive; then it proceeded sition is exalted and his followers wor- to Paris and in like manner took up the ship him. Having a knowledge of herbs President of the French Republic; and and toots, . he will become a Burmese then proceeding to Buckingham Palace doctor and go among his people, healing it caught up King George! Another the sick and preaching Christ. report was that London was being bom- barded from Antwerp by the big guns which had been sprung as a surprize

upon the world. Paris at this time, too, be a large event in the history of this was in the hands of the Germans, and a big, busy world," writes Dr. Hoskins.• fleet of Zeppelins was about to raid "but for me personally it means much, London! A comment made on these and with God's blessing the completed victories by a peasant deserves notice. task wiII mean more for all who rev':!r- He said he could not understand how ence and study the Word of God in the Germans were always victorious. Arabic for decades to come." "Mohammed in his wars did not always meet with victory; is the Kaiser greater L Disorders in Turkey than Mohammed?"-Sunday at Home. ETTERS from the missionaries in all parts of the Turkish empire Distress in Palestine report the missIOnaries as safe and in general well. Reference is frequently LETTERS from Palestine report made to the strain of the times through . great destitution in Jerusalem and which they are passing and to events other parts of the land. There have been that may not be described but are fuIl of no imports since last August. Tile in- excitement. Constant watchfulness, ternal resources have been taxed to patience, .adaptability, quick· decision. supply· the army. Food is both scarce both gentleness and firmness-all are reand exceedingly dear. The tourist trade, quired by those who seek to ll!aintain which gave employment to many, and missionary work in the midst of such brought much money to the country, is stormy conditions. cut off, and with it the manufacture of fancy articles, souvenirs and trinkets Turkish Attacks on Christiana which was the chief industry. Agricul.. ture is hampered by the absence of the REPORTS of important events. of able-bodied men in the army. Banking which no mention can be made m has been suspended for many months. missionary letters, tell of the entrance Three women missionaries of the Chris- of the Russian forces into Van and the . tian and Missionary Alliance are carry- establishment of Russian rule in that ing on the school and other work of region; of feverish conditions at Conthat society in Jerusalem, and the stantinople, with rumors of collapse and Syrian staff are said to be doing their of flight; of threatened massacres of Arpart nobly. Missionaries both at home menians at Marash and Aintab, averted and still on the field believe that the end through the diligence of local ·officials of the war will bring unparalleled op- and of representatives of foreign govportunities 111 Palestine. – Alliance ernments; of fighting, outrage, and pil- Weekly. lage at Zeitoon and other villages near Marash, and of the deporting of many Ref'erence Bible in Arabic Completed families of Christians therefrom far to the south into the Mosul-Baghdad re- THE Rev. Franklin E. Hoskins, D.D., gion; of the report that all the Christian of the Presbyterian Board of For- male population of Marash are to be eign Missions at Beirut, Syria, an- caIled as soldiers and their families 1I0unces the completion of the Reference then deported, the first levy having al- Bible in Arabic. The task has included ready been made. This is regarded as the adaptation of a new set of refer- a plan for breaking down the Christian ences to the Arabic text and the putting population without bloodshed and with the whole First· Font Reference Bible the color of legality. into electroplates. The preparation of the MSS. has occupied exactly seven Involving the separation of families, years. The making of the plates will the outraging of women, the confiscatiun be completed in six years. "It may not "f property and personal insult to the

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members of entire communities, of The Sunday-school Secretary for which but a few persons are guilty of Egypt, Rev. Stephen van R. Trow- any disloyalty, this deportation means bridge, is offering these illustrated leaf- the crushing of the educated and able lets as prizes, one to be given away to Christian population of the Marash field each scholar who fills any of the follow- and a blow at American missionary in- ing conditions: 1. Perfect attendance in terests, menacing the results of more the Sunday-school for three consecutive than fifty years of work and many thon- months; 2. Bringing to Sunday-school sands of dollars of expenditure.-The one new Moslem scholar; or 3. Learning Missionary Herald (JULY). and reciting by heart Psalm 23 and 103, AFRICA Isaiah 55, and Matthew 5. Copies may be offered also to all new Christian Endeavor in Egypt Moslem scholars as they enter. Besides AMONG the troops encamped in dif- this it is hoped to make extensive use ferent suburbs of Cairo, Egypt, of these parables among Moslem schools writes Miss Anna Y. Thompson, of the where there is yet no prospect of the American Mission, "we have met a good Sunday-school. many that have been members of their home Christian Endeavor societies, Good News From South Africa especially men from New Zealand. At REV. FREDERICK B. BRIDGMAN one camp at least there have been large writes from Johannesburg: "Since Christian Endeavor meetings conducted last writing we have opened work in by the men and their chaplains. Chris-' eight compounds in different parts of tian people have also opened their houses the 60 miles of the Rand. This means to many of the soldiers. The mission that ,in each of these compounds we has rented rooms for meetings at Heli- have a group of from 15 to 50 young opolis, and during the week these rooms men who are either cOl1verts, inquirers, are turned into' soldiers' rest-rooms. or at lea~t interested enough to attend Two ladies devote their time to this night school, which often leads to con- work, assisted by the Endeavorers. In version. At Randfontein, an important Assuan many attend the Young Men's center, we have just secured the grant Christian Endeavor society that meets in of a church lot and we are now after the Coptic Church. Connected with the the building. At the other end of the Evangelical Church there is a women's reef is Benoni, where some 30,000 na- society with 21 members. In Khartum tives are employed. A special gift is there is a society in a girls' boarding- now supporting a. capable preacher here. '

school. It was interesting to listen to The work opened last year at Roset- the prayers of the Coptic girls and of tenville is encouraging, three languages some girls of the Sudan Moslem tribes, being used in each service. Only a one of whom thanked God for His fraction of the above work c:lt1ld have precious word, while another prayed for been started, let alone the care now re-_ the poor.-Christian Endeavor World. qui red, but for the motor cycle. In For Egyptian Children these few months it has carried me 3,000 miles without a failure.-Missionary T HE World's Sunday-school Associa- Herald. tion is distributing among the Moslem children in Egypt and North Presbyterians in West Africa T Africa a number of simple iIIustrated HE work of the Presbyterian Board in West Africa is carried on at six parables prepared by Miss 1. LiIIi'l.s Trotter, illustrated and printed by the principal stations. Benito on the coast, Nile Mission Press. in Spanish Guinea, and Batanga (als))

on the coast), Efulen, Elat, Lolodorf words have been gathered. Several pas- and Metet in the interior in German sages from the Bible have been trans- Kamerun. Batanga has been deserted lated. Some school charts have been by the missionaries, who have gone to prepared. Three itinerating trips have Benito for the present. There are at been made during the quarter. Number present on the field, out of a total of 58 of villages in which services were held missionaries, 34-eight of these at Benito 21. The reception was everywhere very and the rest in the interior. Letters cordial. In· each case the wife of the which have come from the latter in- missionary making the trip accompanied dicate that the missionaries are all in him, and her presence did much to in- safety and are carrying on most of their crease the good result of the trip. Not work, in spite of the difficulties caused only have we now a better idea of the by the war. From Metet Mr. Johnson villages within working distance of the writes: "The mission is doing every- mission, but we have received requests thing possible to keep the work going to send teachers, and many chiefs have with as little distraction as possible. sent boys or young men to us to learn Here at Metet we kept our station school of our work.-D. L. Mumpower, Wem- going, both for girls and boys, and all bo-Niama.

the village schools are kept up, altho the attendance has fallen off very much and EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN the pupils are in many cases unable to British Finances pay the tuition." Rev. Melvin Fraser, THE editor of the Missionary Press of Elat, reports: "Our American citizen- bureau has compiled a statement conship-by which we missionaries are cerning the contributions raised annually altogether neutral, and mean to keep so, in the United Kingdom for missionary -is our good fortune." purpbses by the Protestant churches.

Missionary Activity in the Kongo Various deductions may be made from the figures. The population of th<: CHRISTMAS was celebrated by a United Kingdom is 46,089,249, and the union meeting of the Wembo-Niama total contributions for missions overseas congregation and the station congrega- are about £2,333,275, so that, per head of tion. Number present, 367. It had been population, a little more than one shilling previously announced that the collection (or, to be more accurate, 1s. 1-6d.) is would be given to the poor. It was very contributed annually for missions over- gratifying to see the response of the seas. This may be contrasted with the people to this appeal. The collection following statistics: amounted to 11.40 francs in money, 5Y; 1914. 1915.

bushels millet, 1 bushel corn, 3 bunches £ s. d. £ s. d. bananas, 1 bunch plantains, 1 chicken, Amount per head of some eggs, salt, rice, beans, palm nuts, peanuts, and other articles. Several overseas trade … 10 13 0 11 8 0 young men have been received as pros- Amount per head pective evangelists and teachers. They spend their time in the morning at spent on alCoholic manual labor for the mission, attending liquors ………. 3 5 0 3 14 0 school and catechumen class. In the Amount per head afternoon they are kept busy in some spent on tobacco o and smoking ap- o 14 0 pliances ……… 12 0 Amount per head contributed for missions overseas 0 o 11~ 0 1 0'/0 kind of work preparatory to their fu- Great Britain is at war, and the ques- ture service. Seven is the present enrol- 'tion may be asked, Can she afford to ment. 48 typewritten pages of Batetcla continue her missionary contributions?

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In reply, one striking fact may be men- under way at 150 centers, in charge of tioned. Every British state or depen- about 300 secretaries. In a month there dency that has benefited by the work of were 300 centers, with 600 secretaries; missionaries came to the mother country and at present the work has spread to with generous offers of material assist- embrace 700 centers, with over 3,000 ance on the outbreak of hostilities. secretaries, many of whom are volunteer university men in addition to the regular British Workers in Conference men of association staffs. These secre- T HE secretaries of the various British taries are given a recognized standing missionary societies gathered in with the army in the form of commis- Swanwick in June for a short period of sions as special service officers, with the fellowship and conference. There were rank of lieutenant. Most of the centers present approximately one hundred of work are in the great training camps, workers, men and women, representing where the men are prepared for the the larger and smaller missionary socie- actual field fighting; but it has also been ties, with their auxiliary organizations. possible to extend the service into the Among the effects of the war which war zones, for the maintenance of clean were considered were the upheaval in standards of army life. There are now the Moslem world; the vast changes twenty-nine Young Men's Christian As- taking place in the relationship of nation sociation centers behind the lines in to nation which can not but affect mis- France, the activities being carried ')n sionary bodies; the internment of mis- in big shacks erected specially for this sionaries in certain fields affected by the purpose, with funds which have becn war, leading to the neglect of large raised by appeals to the people.

bodies of native Christians; and the al- tered balance between Roman Catholic THE CONTINENT and Protestant missions. Mission to Jews in Rumania It was with much encouragement and A WORKER of the Swedish Jewish gratitude to God that those present :it Mission in Rumania writes: "The the conference' learned that, in spite of work here among the Jews can not be more than ten months of war, the work compared with any other work. The of British missionary societies was, in people hunger and thirst after the Word nearly every case, being maintained ;n of God. Jassy is a city of 75,000 infairly normal conditions. In facing the habitants, at least 60,000 of whom are future, with its probable financial ditli- Jews. . . . Altho the Jews have no civil culties, it was recognized by all that the rights in Rumania, yet all commerce maintenance of God's work depended and industry is in their hands. The more upon the spiritual condition of Jewish Mission works mainly for Israel God's people than on the financial affairs through their schools. Pastor Adeney, of the nation.-London Christian. in Bukarest, has 2,000 J ewi~h children Y. M. C. A. and the War in two large institutions; in Galatz, Pastor Johnson has 200 children in one W HEN the war became a certainty, school, and here in J assy the Swedish there was an immediate call from Jewish Mission has a girls' school with the army staff in England for the assist- just 100 girls. It is a joy to witness ance of the Young Men's Christian As- how the larger girls are seeking the sociation, which was recognized for its truth. Every Sunday we have meetings previous work with the army in both for adult Jews. Saturday the hall is training and actual warfare. Within always full."-Evangelischer Missions- two weeks the Association had work bote. .

Louee in the War longing for God's Word. This will enable us to put that Word into hun- FIGURES on the losses of the prin- dreds of thousands of hands where it cipal powers engaged in the war, would not otherwise be placed, and will cause it to be read as it would not otherfurnished by the Red Cross, illustrate wise have been read. Many feel also the immensity of the conflict now raging that this act is likely to have far-reachin Europe, Asia and Africa. The losses ing influence on the relations of Russia total 8,831,000. The total lost in the and America." first six months of fighting was 2,146,- 000, divided as follows: Germany, 482,- AMERICA 000; Austria, 341,000; France, 464,000; Great Britain, 1l6,OOO; Russia, 733,000. Training Pastors for Immigrants The losses of the Belgians, Serbians, Montenegrins, Turks and Japanese are AMERICA will be made or marred by not included in the summary, exact her immigrant population. One figures not being obtainable. Following solution of the p~oblem is offered by the is the Red Cross complete'table of losses College and Seminary at Dubuque, Iowa, to June 1st: which is fitting 236 young men, who speak thirty different languages, to Germany. Killed Wounded Prisoners Total preach Christ to their own people. Austria . 482,000 857,000 233,000 1,572,000 Adrian Van Vliet, Hollander, and France 341,000 701,000 183,000 1,225,000 small tailor, in Dubuque more than 60 Britain 464,000 1,157,.000 495.000 2,116.000 years ago, saw the needs of the German Russia 116,000 224,000 83,000 433,000 immigrants, who were pouring into this 733,000 country without ministers. Their re- -1,98-2,0-00 -77-0,00-0 -3,4-85,0-00 ligious habits were largely broken up, ~o Total .2,136,000 he went from house to house telling 4,921,0001,764,000 8,831,000 them the old story of God's love. With no advantage of university culture, he TAmerican Gifts Welcomed in Russia fitted himself for the ministry, by HE Gospels which have been pur- prayer and study of the- Scriptures, and chased by the gifts of American was then called as pastor of a German Sunday-school scholars for European church. Immediately he saw that to soldiers have been especially appreciated evangelize the immigrants you must in Russia. The Empress wishes to have educate their young men to be preachers them given in the name of the Czare- to their own people. vitch, and has directed that the following inscription be printed in each ont': His first step was to take two young "His Imperial Highness, the Czarevitch, Germans into his home, and fit them for Heir Apparent and Grand Duke Alex- such work. Souls were saved, and ander Nickolaivitch most graciously churches organized. Van Vliet refused presents this Gospel which has been sent any compensation. His two students to him by a Sunday-school scholar in soon increased to eighteen, and two America," small adjoining buildings were trans- formed into dormitories. In 1864 the Mr, Kilburn, of the American Bible school was placed under the care of the Society, writes: "I need not say how Presbyteries of Dubuque and Dane, and greatly this will add to the value of the in 1870 it came under the control of the books in the eyes of the men who re- General Assembly. ceive them. Whatever else may be destroyed, these books will not be. They In 1902 Rev. Dr. C. M. Steffens came will be handed down from generation to to the College, as its President, and from generation while time shall last. It m:1.y that time progress has been rapid. be well doubted if a more gracious and helpful act could be done. The hearts of the people of this mighty Empire are

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Chinese Students Baptized The Committee hopes to give the T HREE Chinese students were bap- Gospel message to about 750,000 men, tized at a senrice at Northfield, women and children this season, as Massachusetts, on July 4th, the last day against 613,437 people last year. It will of the Northfield Conference. They were cost $30,000 to carryon this work.

Sum Ou, of Columbia University; Henry Campbell White Gael to Wooster J Quock Quon Chin, of Worcester High CAMPBELL WHITE, general sec- – • retary of the Laymen's Missionary School, and George Kwock Jew Chin, of Worcester Grammar School. The Movement, has accepted the presidency baptism was performed by Bishop T. S. Henderson, of the Metho- of Wooster Collegtl, Ohio, of which he is a graduate. He sees in the new podist Episcopal Church; Rev. Huie sition an opportunity to influence the Kin, pastor of the Chinese Presby- most important single factor in the misterian Church of New York city, and sionary problem-leaders, and says: Rev. D. W. Lyon, minister of the Pres- "Wooster is training more Christian byterian Church and associate general leaders than any other Presbyterian colsecretary of the national committee, lege in America, and she is capable of Y. M. C. A. of China. The baptism of doing vastly more. We hope to be able these students leaves only a few of the to improve the quality of Christian lead- 53 Chinese delegates at the conference ers, not only for the ministry and miswho are not members of the church. Six sion fields, but for every calling in life." Chinese were also publicly baptized at He states also that he hopes as a volunthe Student Conference at Eaglesmere, teer worker to be able to contribute to Pa., in July. the Laymen's Missionary Movement, Evangelistic Work in New York with which he has so long been con- nected, certain things which were not THE Evangelistic Committee of New possible for an employed officer. Inci- York City has planned an aggressive dentally, his relation to the National campaign for the remaining months of Missionary Campaign of that movement 1915. Their decennial report shows that for the coming winter will remain unin the ten years of their work they have changed. preached the Gospel to 4,181,564 people representing 28 known nationalities and Jewish Miuion in Montreal T 43 known occupations. Men and women HERE are about 55,000 Jews in the City of Montreal, 45,000 of them who have committed almost every sin, including a man who has been a mur- being in a crowded area two miles in derer, have been brought to Jesus Christ, length and about 3,000 feet wide. The and numbers of their converts have en- Canadian Presbyterian Church has now tered active Christian service. opened a mission among them, and has This year there is a new spirit of called Rev. Elias Newman to take charge earnestness in the city, a spirit born of of it. He was brought up in England the awful war in Europe. it has been and when he was fifteen years of age said that every great war in the last few he was converted to Christianity. After hundred years has been followed by :J. studying at Berlin, and in Glasgow, he great revival. The whispers of the spent over two years in Jewish Mission- coming revival are even now being ary work in London, in connection with heard, its breath is all"eady felt, and the the Mildmay Ilission to the Jews. In crowd is asking for something sure, I9II he came to the United States and something that will help in this hour of took a special theological coutse in need. Louisville, Kentucky.

Mr. Newman has been engaged in a for church hospital in Salt Lake City, survey of the Jewish community, as well $I36,000; for poor relief, $116,000; for as doing personal work. A suitable church offices, $99.000. It was also stated building has been secured and all pre- that outside of tithes, local church orparations are being made for establish- ganizations had given $150,000 for the ing aggressive Gospel work among the relief of the poor and $33,000 for war Jewish people of Montreal. The Cana- relief to Mormons in Europe. It will be dian Episcopal church has also taken up observed that the account of disburseseriously its responsibility for the Jews, mentS' leaves something like $150,000 of and has inaugurated missions in Hamil- receipts unaccounted for.-The Conton, Toronto and Montrea1.-The Pres- tinent. byterian. Prospect of Union in Canada Satisfactory Conditions in Canada THE Review has reported from time HO Canada is sending her sons in to time the negotiations looking to- T large numbers to the war, the report ward the union of Presbyterians, Concomes from Toronto that the Canadian gregationalists and Methodists in Canmissionary boards are sending out their ada, which have been carried on for a missionaries, both returning and' new, number of years. Their consummation almost as usual, the difference being that has been brought much nearer by the not quite so many appointments are recent action of the Presbyterian Asbeing made. The financial condition of sembly, which in its annual meeting at the Canadian Boards is also said to be Kingston, Ontario, voted in favor of good, in spite of the very large gifts hy the union by the remarkable verdict of Canadian people to Red Cross, Belgian 368 to 74. One year ago the adverse Relief, patriotic and local unemployment vote was 29 per cent. of the Assembly, funds. while the recent vote was 16.7 per cent. This result was the more significant :n FOR Mormon Finances view of the fact that the gathering was the firs.t time in its history, the the largest in the history of the church Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter and because the chief obstacle in the Day Saints has made public a financial way of immediate action has been in report. To b~ sure, it is not audited by Presbyterianism. Some of the ablest any chartered public accountant, but and most enthusiastic champions of the however accurate or inaccurate, it is at movement are in the Assembly, but the least a report, and the mere fact of its strength of the opposition has made propublication is evidence that the Mormon gress slower than in the other two leaders have felt the s'evere reflections bodies.-Congregationalist. visited by so many critics upon their policy of silence and mystery in financial LATIN AMERICA affairs. Faithful Laymen in Mexico The" statement was laid before the an- THE initiative and ability of the nual conference of the church in the Salt Lake tabernacle on Easter Sunday. It native 'Mexican workers have been shows that the tithe collections of the proven in various recent crises in revoorganization in T9I4 were $I,887,920. lutionary Mexico. The Sunday-school The disbursements specified out of this superintendent of the church at Aguasenormous sum were as followS': For calientes has taken charge of the servchurch buildings, $73I,000; for church ices for several months in the absence schools, $33I,000; for church temples, of the pastor, and the usual offerings $64,000; for missionary work, $228,000; have been taken for the support of the poor.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

This same man was elected to the grant that this may be more than mere State Legislature under the Madero Ad- curiosity, and that His servant may be ministration. The Catholic element filled with the Spirit of the Lord so that fought him from the beginning because he may be mighty to lead this people to he was a Protestant. Yet he proved so Jesus Christ."

firm a force for righteousness that the.

opposition retracted and issued posters ISLANDS OF THE SEA stating that even tho he was a Protes- "Twelve Apostles" in the Philippines tant he had made a good deputy.

In the absence of the' lady mission- D URING a recent Conference of aries at Colegio Morelos, one of the Filipino Christians at Iloilo, P. L, graduates, a teacher in the school for a number of the delegates held a preachten years, with remarkable tact and ing service in the village plaza. One of ability has attended to all business the native preachers mounted a chair touching the school property. and spoke to the crowd that quickly gathered. A village alderman there- In Saltillo another layman has kept upon picked up a club and drove the up the regular services in the absence of crowd away. Some, however, refus~d the missionary. The attendance and to be driven and others returned to hear enthusiasm we are told have not abated what the preacher had to say. a whit and very liberally has the congregation contributed to the poor and needy. The next afternoon another service was held in the same place, when t'he Good News From Brazil American missionary had taken the pre- caution to obtain permission of the REV. ASHMUN C. SALLEY, Flor- Presidente to hold the service. A pro- ianapolis, Brazil, writes: "I am cession from the Roman Catholic church, just back from Tres Riachos where the passing down the side street, halted, and Gospel was preached for the first time. turned back. The "twelve Apostles," The m~etings were finely attended. I who were leading the procession, picked found about ten persons who wished to up clubs, and started to drive the Prot- be baptized. These were the fruits of estants off the plaza. Inspired by the seed sown about twelve years ago, in example of the "apostles" many men the form of two Bibles left in that and boys picked up clubs, stones, and vicinity by a colporteur. A friend visit- cluds or dirt, and added their quota to ing a village nearby, shortly after the the melee. The chairs and the bench series of meetings, was told that the used for a pulpit were demolished, but priest said that a mass movement to- the mob failed to get at the portable ward Protestantism was in progress in organ. "Kill the Americano," shouted Tres Riachos. I have no such high ex- some, "he is the leader of the devils."

pectation, as the gate is narrow and few Two policemen who should have pre- enter thereby. However, the Spirit of vented the disorder, only ran about seek- God opened a great door of opportunity ing the names of the rioters, The for us. It seemed as tho the people casualties included one man wounded, never would get tired. I know that more many feelings hurt, considerable temper than one went home to work from mid- lost, and several broken chairs. There night until morning and came out the have been other cases of' stoning next day to a noon s'ervice, Sunday preachers, but not by a whole mob as in evening I was obliged to hold an after this case. The spirit and temper of the service to satisfy those who could' not Roman Catholic church has not changed.

get within hearing during the first, God The Presidente of the village and the

Justice of the Peace have promised to He writes: "A wave of hopelessn(:ss investigate and to punish the leaders. sweeps over one when confronted by a mass of Moro or pagan adults. But it The Transformation of an Island is not so with their children. They are as impressionable, as appealing, as lov- N AURU, a tiny island, 400 miles away ·able as any children of any color in the from the others of the Marshall whole world. You can see the latent group, to which it belongs, with a popu- intelligence in their eyes; the skill resi- lation of about 1,500 savages, only a dent in their slender, sensitive fingers; little removed from cannibalism, has the power in their comely, half-clad or been for the last sixteen years the field wholly naked bodies. Only opportunity of Rev. Philip A. Delaporte. During is lacking, and that we must supply or that period he has reduced their meager be guilty in the sight of heaven." language to writing, has translated into it the Old and New Testament and over MISCELLANEOUS 100 hymns, and the entire population can read and write and sing from notes. I The Missionary Message All the people are said to be sincere T is the overwhelming conviction of Christians. the leaders throughout these great fields that there must ·be a vast increa~e Both the New Testament and the in the number of missionaries in the hymn book were published on Nauru immediate future. On this point there Island, and printed in the native tongue was not a single dissenting voice in conon a hand-press, which was sent down nection with any of the conferences. It as a gift by the Hawaiian Mission So- was one unbroken appeal from the time ciety of Honolulu. I landed in Ceylon until I left the Japanese Islands. The requests were Mr. and Mrs. Delaporte are aCCOHl- not stated in general terms, but based panied on their trip to the United States on actual facts. It was found that in by Tim Detudano, a full-blooded native, each one of the areas in which conferwho has helped with the translations, ences were held, even in territories which and has been a teacher in the Nauru are commonly thought to be fairly well schools.-Christian Herald. occupied, there are great stretches Jf unoccupied territory, even in regions Philippine Moslem Children like the Ganges Valley, the Yangtse Valley, and Japan. In Japan, for ex- BISHOP BRENT appeals for the in- ample, it was the unanimous judgment dustrial training of the children of of all the workers that 80 per cent. of the Mohammedan Moros in the Philip- the total population have not yet heard pines. He says that the ignorance of the facts of the Christian Gospel.We the people is so dense, their customs so had, at the Japanese conference, all the uncouth, and their ideas of life so un- recognized leaders of the Japanese tutored, that a child has but a poor Church, both foreign and native. They chance at best. Up to the present the carne to the unanimous judgment that government has done little to educate we must double the number of evanthe Moro, but what has been accom- gelistic mIssIOnaries in Japan; that plished among the savage mountain means· over 400 new foreign missiontribes elsewhere in the ~hi1ippines cn- aries in Japan,' if possible, within the courag-es the belief that equal effort will next three or four years.-JoHN R. meet with equal success among the MaTT. Moros. The training outlined by the Bishop will only cost one dollar a week per child for buildings and equipment.

ONMI~IONS m/

AND MISSION "Ittl LANDS /" /.

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Unity and Missions. By the Rev. Arthur of disunion he proceeds to showing the present unfortunate situation in the J. Brown, D.D. 8vo. 319 pp. $1.50. Christian Church at home and abroad. He indicates the doctrinal unity on es- Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915. sentials and the misleading assumptions that keep Christians apart. Finally, he This powerful plea for Christian unity considers various proposals for unity is packed full of facts-great facts, indis- and cooperation and pictures the coming putable facts, telling facts. The argu- consummation. The cause of Christian ment is clear and sound, fearless and unity is worth living to attain and worth convincing. Dr. Brown does not hesi- dying to achieve. tate to speak some truths that may be unpalatable, but he speaks them in love The Christian Movement in the Japanand for the glory of God. Withal the ese Empire, 1915. Edited by Rev. John book is full of life and incident. L. Dearing, D.D. 8vo. 686 pp. $1.25. The Missionary Education Movement, There is a vast difference between New York. unity and uniformity. The latter is not This annu",l volume, published for the advocated nor even immediate organic union. The principle and program for Conference of Federated Missions in which this book contends is the "one- Japan, has a unique value. It contains ness" for which our Lord prayed-the an abundance of information obtainable unity which will prevent unnecessary nowhere else and much that would rewaste and duplication of effort; which quire diligent and prolonged search to will emphasize the agreement of Chris- secure. Over 140 missionaries have tians on the great essential truths of contributed to this thesaurus of in- Revelation and will acknowledge· all formation on Japan up-to-date. Be- Christians as one body of which Christ sides a general survey there are sections is the head. It is difficult to understand on missionary organizations and churchhow anyone can read the facts and es Christian literature and education, arguments set forth by Dr. Brown and independent miSSIOns, social service, still consent to any phase of denomi- obituaries. Also a large division is denational rivalry or jealousy. Why voted to Korea. The appendices relate should a Presbyterian or Episcopal to the Conference of federated missions, church or mission be planted in a field the Japan continuation committee, already occupied by another denomi- Christian Eleemosynary institutions, nation unless there is room for both to etc. Here we find the Japan evanflourish and cooperate in their work for gelistic work described and the only uprighteousness and against evil? The to-date accurate figures on mission work Church of Christ can learn some valu- in Japan and Korea. able lessons from the cooperation of the Allies or the unity of the German and Efficiency Points. By W. E. Doughty. Austrian armies in the present war. l6mo. 105 pp. 50 cents. baymen's Mis- sionary Movement, New York, 1915. Dr. Brown's rounded study and skil- Here is an excellent little companion ful marshalling of facts has given us a classic on the subject. From the causes study book to Mr. Doughty's previous

volume, "The Call of the W orId." That Beginning with God and one man in was a masterpiece for brevity, clearness and force, on the need and the duty of whom the Spirit of God dwelt, the work world evangelization. This second study book consists of studies in some has grown until now, without any of the missionary ideals, methods and dynamic. The little volume is packed full special church constituency at home to of ideas tersely and forcefully exprest. It is also a storehouse of facts-not draw on for support, there are over one merely of opinions. The Bible is shown to be preeminently a missionary book; thousand missionaries on the field, bethe method by which Christianity is spread is proved to be mainly by the sides nearly 1,700 paid Chinese helpers personal work of laymen as well as (1£ the clergy; the importance of money as and 50,000 communi~ants baptized in an asset in the Christian propaganda is demonstrated; above all, the power of the fifty years. . prayer in supplying effiCiency is clearly proven. Facts, arguments, incidents and The story is told simply and faithillustrations abound as well as epigrammatic sentences that suggest rich fully by decades to show the steps by themes for further study and discourses. which God has led Hudson Taylor and his associates. There are wonderful in- stances to show God's guidance, His Providential protection and provision for His messengers, and the spiritual fruitage of the work. It is a valuable record, in fifty chapters, to enhearten every missionary of the Gospel.

NEW BOOKS The Missions Code. Edited by Charles The Christian Movement in the Japan- L. Boynton. Bvo, 726 pp. Foreign Mis- ese Empire, Including Korea and For- sions Conference of North America, mosa. A Year Book for 1915. Thirteenth New York, 1915. annual issue. John Lincoln Dearing, edi- The European war has temporarily tor. 12mo. xxiv-686. $1.25, postpaid. The Missionary Education Movement, 156 interrupted the use of cable codes to Fifth Avenue, New York, 1915. wa~ring nations.· The many codes in use have been a source of inconvenie-nce The Missions Code. Compiled and puband uncertainty. Here is one that com- lished by authority of the Foreign Misbines the excellences of all and adds sions Conference of North America, for many new features that will lessen the use by Foreign Missions Boards and cost of cablegrams and will help in the their correspondents. Charles L. Boyntransmission and translation of mes- ton, B.A., editor. Bvo, xviii-724 pp. Forsages. Twenty-five thousand mission- eign Missions Conference, 25 Madison aries can benefit by this code in addition Avenue, New York, 1915. to countless travelers and friends at home. It was composed under the Among Missions in the Orient, and Ob- servations by the Way. By J. S. Hartzdirection of a committee of the Foreign Missions Conference. The result is a ler and J. S. Shoemaker. Bvo. 467 pp.

masterpiece. It will be a boon to all $1.50. Jos. S. Shoemaker, Freeport, Ill. who have cablegrams to send to antI 1915. from foreign lands. Comrades in Service. By Margaret E. Burton. 12mo. 196 pp. Illustrated. Mis- sionary Education Movement, New York, 1915. The New Life in Christ Jesus. By C. I. Scofield, D.D. 12mo. 117 pp. 50 cents, net. Bible Institute Colportage Associa- tion, Chicago, 1915. . Getting Things from God. A Study of the Prayer Life. By Charles A. Blanchard, The Jubilee Story of the China Inland D.D. 12mo. 270 pp. Paper, 35 cents, net. Cloth, 75 cents, not. Bible Institute Colportage Association, Chicago, 1915. Mission. By Marshall Broomhall.. Il- Soule's Dictionary of English Synolustrated. Map. Bvo. 386 pp. $1.25. China Inland Mission, London, Phila- nyms. Revised edition. $2.50. J. B. Lippincott Co, Philadelphia, 1915. delphia, Toronto, 1915. . The Heart of Jainism. By Mrs. Sinclair The history of fifty years of this re- Stevenson, Sc.D. 336 pp. 7s. 6d., net. markable mission is well worth reading. Oxford University Press, 1915

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1915

OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION COUNCIL, SHANGHAI, IN

MISSIONA:QY rI~ES I. Japan, tho much in advance of other Asiatic countries in education of women, still provides schooling for only one-third as many girls as boys. Christian mission schools supply some of this lack, but the great need in Japan is for a Christian university for women. (See page 50S.) 2. The nature of Mohammedanism and the Moslem idea of a "Holy War" is shown in the recent murder of 750 Christian men in one Persian com- munity by the Turks and Kurds. In another village, under the same "Holy Var," every Christian woman and girl from seven to seventy was deliberately and brutally attacked. (See page 522.) 3. One thousand miles by dog-sled in the bitter cold of the arctic winter twilight, and for twenty-nine days fighting a blizzard, is the experience of an American missionary in Alaska, visiting his Eskimo parishioners. (See page 527.) 4. Christian Indians by their votes helped to make Oregon a prohibition State. The good Indians are live Indians-spiritually and physically. (See page 530.) 5. A missionary's support costs about $1,000, but $500 additional, invested in a motor-car, will double the efficiency of an evangelistic missionary in Korea or Japan. (See page 525.) 6. The China Inland Mission, which was founded only fifty years ago, and never makes direct appeals for men or money, now has over 1,000 mis- sionaries and 1,700 paid Chinese workers. in 227 stations in China. Over 50,000 Chinese have been baptized in this mission since it was started in 1865. (See page 494.) 7. The Home Missions Council of North American churches is working out a plan of cooperation for Christian work among immigrants. This includes the specialization of each denomination in work for certain nationalities, and union training-schools for workers. (See page 519.) 8. Since the Papuan language contained no word to designate a spiritual God, the missionaries had to coin one. (See page 541.) 9. Do you lrnow that there are thousands of head-hunting citizens of the United States? These are the Igorrotes, in the Philippine Islands. Now they are for the first time reading St. Luke's Gospel i_n their native tongue. (See page 54I.) 10. Less than 100 years ago the Hawaiians were all savages. Last year the American Board received from the native churches there nearly $8,000 for its missionary work. (See page 544.) I I. A devoted native pastor in India has won several Brahmins to Christ by his consecrated letter-writing and his prayers. (See page 549.) 12. The enthusiasm of the Russian people for the Bible is one of the striking features of war times in that great land dominated by the Greek Church. (See page 546.) J. J. Coulthard James Stark J. N. Hayward D. E. Hoste Dr. Howard Taylor A. R. Saunders *Deceased. J. F. Broumton* J. W. Stevenson J. Hudson Taylor" 1. J. Meadows J. S. Helmer G. T. Fiske MI51 EVIE . OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII, No.7 JULY, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No. Old Series New Series SIGNS TWO WORLD·CONFLICTS standers," who seek to remain neu- tral, have not escaped unscathed. NEVER in the history of the China is suffering in Shantung and in the insistent demands of Japan. world have men realized more Islands of the sea have been capthoroughly the truthfulness of the say- tured; Turkish Arabia and Persian ing that we know not what a day may frontiers have been scenes of battles bring forth. One after another the and massacres, and Africa is a batnations of the world are being drawn tlefield wherever German and British into the deadly conflict, as helpless forces are within reach of one anrafts drift into the vortex of a mael- other. strom. With each side accusing the other of responsibility and aggres- The United States of America, sion, Germany and Austria fight whose Christian President has earnagainst Great Britain, France, Ser- estly sought to maintain neutrality bia, and Russia with schrapnel and and friendly relationships with the bomb, gas and machine-gun, aero- belligerent nations, has suffered to plane and airship, battleship and sub- such an extent that the possibility of marine. One by one, other nations preserving peace becomes more and have become involved-Canada and more uncertain. With commercial Australia, Japan and India, Turkey houses supplying arms to belligerents, and Persia, and now Italy has en- the feeling of animosity grows more tered on the side of the Allies. Any tense; the sinking of American day may see the war-cloud spread steamers by German submarines, the to include Greece, Bulgaria, and Ru- loss of defenseless women and chilmania, Holland, Norway, Sweden, dren by the sudden sinking of the and Denmark. The "innocent by- The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors o·{ signed articles in these pages,~EDITORS.

transatlantic pass.enger ship, the Lu- necessary, but never for selfish pursitania, and the stirring up of war- poses or .for the upholding of perlike sentiments by hot-headed news- sona! dignity. "Power belongeth unto papers and public men-these and God," and only God who gave life many other incidents that crowd on has the right to say under what cirone another day after day seem to be cumstances life shall be taken away. forcing the inhabitants of the earth onward to a world-wide catastrophe There is a war which is righteous, of which only God can foresee the and it is one which can enlist all a outcome. man's courage, all his resonrces, all his self-sacrifice-it IS the war In such an hour of hatred, fear, against evil, the campaign for the and uncontrolled human passion and conquest of the world by Christ; the rebellion against God, it is well overcoming of falsehood by truth, of for Christians to follow the direction hatred by love, of selfishness by seJfof the Almighty Creator and Ruler sacrifice. vVas there ever a time since of the Universe Himself: "Be still the crucifixion of Christ when the and know that I am God." Nothing fruits of unbelief and rebeIlion else can bring peace and assurance to against God were more manifest and the troubled soul. In the midst of when men should be so ready to turn war and rumors of wars, famines, to Him in whom alone there is forpestilence, and earthquakes, when we giveness of sins a11(1 who alone has are hedged around by walls of steel, revealed the way of Life? we can still look up and know that in the end, God will prevail. His love "Be still, al1d know that I am God." and truth must conquer, and none "N pitlzer is there salz'afion in any can inj ure the life that is hid with Christ in God. other"–thall ill J!'SIIS Christ. "Foll07(l tholt Me." War, which seeks to settle disputes by force of arms, is an atrocity. It INTERNATIONAL MESSENGERS OF may be necessary at times, but it is PEACE due to the barbarism that still lingers and at times runs riot in the human MISSIONARIES and merchants, race. Most heart-sickening docu- foreigners and citizens. in Japan ments are the reports of Viscount Bryce on the inhumanities practised and America, who are interested in in Belgium, and the lurid pictures furthering peace between the two of bestial cruelty pictured by. Rev. nations, recognize the value of such Robert M. Labaree, showing the embassies as that of Dr. Shailer course of the Jihad in Persia. And l[athews and Dr. Sidney Gulick to the half has not been told; only one Japan this year. They went out side has been heard from, and while as representatives of the American the other may not be so black, and Christians sent nnder the auspices of the final verdict may temper hasty the Federal Conncil of Churches of conclusions, stilI the final verdict Christ in America. must be: "War is an atrocity." Dr. Mathews made about one hun- A use of force may at times be dred addresses in a dozen of Japan's leading cities and was accompanied l1suaIly by Dr. Gulick, who, as a former missionary, was at home be-

OF THE

fore a Japanese audience. Inter- actuated, not by unfriendliness to views were accorded them with gov- Japan, but by consideration for the ernment officials from Premier interests of a large but compara- Okuma down to local mayors and tively defenseless nation. councilmen, with editors, lawyers, bankers, preachers and plain citizens. The Japanese demands, as finally The Missionary Conference of Cen- agreed to by China, seem to include: tral Japan voiced the universal senti- ( I) Japan's succession to Germany's ment in its formal vote requesting privileges in Shantung; (2) a similar Drs. lJathews and Gulick "to use succession to fOrIner Russian rights their influence with the Federal in Southern Manchuria; (3) a pref- Council of Churches of Christ in erence given to Japan in railway con- America to send, whenever feasible, a struction and control in Manchuria, second commission to continue the and in the selection of foreign adtimely work so well begun by this visors; (4) joint industrial enterits first commission." prises and special privileges in Mon- golia; (5 ) Japanese control of the The Commercial Commission from Han-yen-ping coal and iron mining China now visiting the United States corporation; (6) agreement not to with a view to fostering closer commercial relationships between the alienate any more coastwise territory two great repuhlics, is also cement- in Fukien in China to foreign powing friendship. The Chinese secre- ers, and to refuse them right to build tary declared that they favor not shipyards and coaling-stations, or only an "open-door" policy, bnt an military establishments in Fukien "open-heart" policy as weU. Snch a province; (7) the right to conduct policy, if honestly followed, would be J apanese- Buddhist missions in China in harmony with the Spirit of Christ, is left open for further discussion. and would develop friendship between the nations. Var between the two countries is for the present averted, amI we trust AGREEMENT BETWEEN CHINA will be entirely prevented. If the treaty is just, and not humiliating to AND JAPAN China, friendship between these two countries will increase; otherwise, I T is encouraging that at least a friction must inevitably threaten the permanent peace of Asia. Japan may temporary agreement has been be seeking to develop a "Monroe made between the great Republic of Doctrine" for Asia, and desiring China and the small uut aggressive nothing more than to keep China and powerfnl Empire of Japan. The fr0111 yielding preferential privileges real character of the deillands of the 'to American and European nations, latter are represented differently by and an opportunity to develop her the representatives of the two na- own industries without danger of tions, but the demands upon China future loss. China, with over 400,- were apparently so unfavorable to 000,000 population, is potentially the the future of the Republic that the greatest nation in the world. There missionaries sent a strong protest to is need to make her a Christian, the American Government. This protest is not made public, but it was

friendly, peace-loving, harmonious "The history of Protestant missions in nation, without any old scores to set- Japan for the last fifty years, has been tle when her strength is developed singularly free from sanguinary conflict and trained. "Righteousness exalt- and cruel persecution, which have chareth a nation, bnt sin is a reproach to acterized the spread of Christianity in any people." most other countries. This was due to the fact that Western missionaries THE JAPAN CAMPAIGN TO DATE brought arts of peace to this country, as did Buddhist priests from China and THE first year of the three-year India, twelve centuries ago, and appealed to the intellectual and governing classes national evangelistic campaign in first. Christian influence on the Japan- Japan has passed with marked suc- ese, therefore, could not be adequately cess, under the direction of a joint gaged by the numbers of converts made, committee of missionaries and Jap- however encouraging they might be, for anese Christians. The campaign. social, political, philanthropic, and other which was designed to reach not institutions more or less embody the simply the larger cities, but all parts spirit and ideals of the teaching of of the country and all classes of the Christ. The United States of America people, has endeavored to bring about and Japan are almost the only countries first a revival of spiritual life and where true liberty of conscience is evangelistic fervor in the churches, strictly guaranteed. For social reform and then a widespread presentation in its several branches', modern Japan is of the Gospel to the entire nOl1- particularly indebted to the joint efforts Christian community. of foreign missionaries and Japanese Christians; above all, the eternal woman On the J 3th of April a banquet problem has been solved, satisfactorily, was given by the Tokyo Committee once and ·for all, after Indian philosof the campaign, at which over 250 ophy and Chinese ethics had struggled in government officials of high rank, vain, for three thousand years, to find a prominent citizens of Tokio and right place in society for woman. These other leaders were present. Not only latter failed because they indulged in have the newspapers generally given academic speculation, while Christianity cordial recognition to the work, but recognized universal human nature, and the visiting speakers have been in- treated both sexes as a complement of vited to address schools, workmen in each other, instead of as superiors and factories, business men, soldiers, pos- inferiors." tal clerks, and railroad employees. At nearly every place, successful meet- One of the results of the first year ings for women have been held. The of the campaign is that almost ten attitude of the public toward the thousand persons took their stand for Christian movement has been sym- Christ. pathetic and friendly, as is shown by these various open doors and by the RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION IN KOREA large attendance at the public meetings. MUCH of the secular as well as the religious instruction in many Count Okuma was present at the banquet in April, and spoke as fol- districts in Korea has been in the lows: hands of the missionaries. They have trained thousands of the people not only in the religion of Christ and

I9 1 5J SIGNS OF THE

the Bible, but in sciences, history and "Time has now cOllie to effect the other secular subjects and industries. separation of religion and education N ow that the Japanese Government more clearly than ever in conformity has taken over the peninsula, they with the principle of education in propose to standardize the educational Japan, and fix the qualifications of system according to the Japanese teachers, who are the principal facmodel. This is not to be wondered tors in education." at, but it may mean a revolution in missionary methods, if not an aban- In a word, the aim of the revision donment of many of the mission of the regulations for private schools schools. is to bring about unity of the na- tional educational system as well as The main features of the J apan- to adjust the curricula of schools in ese program that will affect the general. As a result, in schools recognized mission schools are (I) other than purely religious or of a the curriculum and teachers must be certain special kind, religious teachapproved by the Japanese, and (2) ing has been excluded. religion must not be taught in the schools, nor must compulsory relig- In view of the inconvenience that ious exercises be helel. may be caused to managers of schools and students, should the revised regu- .I1r. Sekiya, Director of the Jap- lations be immediately enforced, the anese Educational Bureau, has made authorities have allowed ten years' the following statement: grace, in the course of which private schools arc required to change or "In conformity with the instruc- adjust their systems so as to conform tions of the Governor-General efforts to the revised regulations. have been put forth by the educational authorities to develop edu- KIKUYU CONTROVERSY AND cation in Chosen. No distinction whatever was made between religions T COOPERATION schools and secular schools in the HE Kikuyu conference in Africa, endeavor to induce them to conform two years ago, brought together to the spirit of national education of the missionary workers of the Church the Empire. Absolute freedom is, of of England ill U gal1da and the N 011course, assured to the people of conformist Christian workers of the Japan and Chosen with regard to neighboring territory. The conferreligion, but at the same time it is ence threatened disruption in the the principle governing education in Church of England. The matter was Japan to separate religion from edu- referred to the Archbishop of Cantercation. This was clearly mentioned bury, who has now announced the in the Governor-General's proclama- decision of the "consultative body" tion relating to education in Chosen, of the Lambeth Coderence. and in Government or public schools, as well as schools under control of Archbishop Davidson says that the educational bodies, laws have pro- Kikuya conference, at which terms of hibited the giving of religious edu- cooperation and division of terrication or the observance of religious tory, in view of the aggressive Moceremomes. hammedan propaganda, were agreed upon among the English-speaking

missionary agencies of Eastern commit himself, but shows that, as Africa, and which was followed bv a head of one of the most conservacommunion service in which two tive churches in the world, he recog- bishops of the Anglican mission took nizes that conditions must dictate mis- part, was admissible as an action in sionary policy in all foreign countries. emergency, but should not be taken as a precedent. He argues at length COOPERATION ON MISSIONS IN that "federation" is more than "co- LATIN AMERICA operation," tho falling short of "corporate reunion." For such a "formal FOLLOWING the decision of the and quasi-constitutional federation" Archbishop of Canterbury on the as that proposed in British East Africa something more than local l: ikl1Yl1 COll ference controversy in sanction is needed. The matter the Chnrch of England, it is intershould be submitted to the Lambeth esting and encouraging to note that Conference. The archbishop sees at the 1lay meeting of the Roard of nothing subversive of Church order Missions of the Protestant Episcopal in welcoming recognized ministers of Church, the question of official reother churches to preach at Anglican presentation at the coming missionary services. He further says that it is conference at Panama was taken legal and proper for Anglicans on "from the table" where it had been occasion to invite Christians of other placed at the previous meeting, and non-Episcopal communions to share the following resolution was passed: in the celebration of the Eucharist, but that on no account l11ust Epis- "That the Board of Missions, copalian Christians accept the com- having learnecl of the plan to hold a munion from the hands of non-Epis- conference in Panama, < in 1916, on copalian ministers. missionary work in Latin-America, on the same general lines as the The Archbishop recognized the IVorId Missionary Conference in fact that the conditions which the Edinburgh in 1910, will arrange to missionaries who attended the Con- send delegates to the conference, and ference are facing are unprecedented authorizes any of its officers who may in Christian history, and that the mis- be asked to do so to serve upon comsionaries must have, therefore, large mittees in connection with the confreedom of action, that in each coun- ference, and to take sllch other steps try the native church must define its in the preparatory work as they may loyalty to Christ without perpetuating think desirable; provided, that whatthe historical differences marked by ever notice or invitation is sent to the missionaries who have brought any Christian body shall he presented the message to them. to every communion having work in Latin-America." Cooperation between missionaries of various denominations is inevi- The interest of all Protestant Christable. It is in operation in Japan, tians in missions to Latin Americans China, India, and elsewhere, and it is is dictated by a desire to win men to imperatively needed in Africa. The Christ wherever they are without a knowledge of the Gospel or are Archbishop of Canterbury does not living in opposition to the teachings. of our Lord,

EVENTS

July June 25th to July 4th-Missionary Education Movt. Conf., Blue Ridge, N. C. June 25th to July 4th-Woman's Summer Sch. of Missions, Blue Ridge, N. C. 2d to 12th-Missionary Education Movement Can/., Asilomar, Cal. 6th-Five-hundredth anniversary of the martyrdom of John Hus.

6th to 10th-Anti-Saloon League Conference, Atlantic City, N. J.

6th to 13th–,y-oman's Summer School of Mi'ssiolls, Boulder, Col. 7th to 12th-Fifth IVorld Clwistimt Elldca'1!or Coltvcntion, Chicago, Ill. 8th to 15th–Vvoman's Summer School of Missions, Northfield, Mass. 9th-The 75th anniversary of Martyrdom of Christians' in Madagascar. 9th to 18th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Silver Bay, N. Y. 9tl; to lRth-Miss.ionary Education Movement Con/., Silver Bay, N. Y. 9th to 20th-Southern Methodist Missionary Con ference, Junaluska, N. C. 12th to 17th-,y-oman's Summer School of Missions, Mt. Hermon, Cal. 14th to 18th-,y-oman's Summer School of Missions, Monteagle, Tenn. 16th to 23d-Woman's' Summer School of Home Missions, Northfield, Mass. 16th to 25th-Miss,ionary Education M O'IJement Conf., Estes Pa/'k, Colo. lRth to 24th-International Purity Congress, San Francisco, Cal. 18th to 25th-Missionary Cony. of Disciples of Christ, Los Angeles, Cal. 22d to 30th-Missionary Education Movement Con/., Ocean Park, M c. 23d-The Iooth anniversary of the baptism of Africaner, 1815. 28th to Aug. 2d-Laymen's Miss. Movement Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. 30th to Aug. 9th-Christian and Miss. Alliance Conv., Old Orchard Beach, Me. 31st to Aug. 7th-Reformed Church in U. S. Missionary Conf., Mt. Gretna, Pa.

August 15t to 3d–World's Bihle Congress, San Francisco, Cal. 4th to 8th·-Preshyterian Home Missions Conference, Montreat, N. C. 6th to 15th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. 10th to 15th-International Convention of Young People's Alliance of the Evangelical Association, Lomira, Wis. 20th-The 80th anniversary of the founding of the Domestic and Foreign Missiollary Society of Protestant Episcopal Church. 25th to 29th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Chatauqua, N. Y.

September 2d to 5th-International Woman's Missionary Society of the Evangelical As- sociation Convention, Marion, Ohio.

9th-The 75th anniversary of the death of Ko-thah-byu, 1840.

October 7th-General Conference of the Evangelical Association, Los Angeles, Cal. 12th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Concord, N. H. 12th-Provincial Synod Episcopal Church, Chicago, III. 19th-Provincial Synod Episcopal Church, Sewanee, Tenn. 20th to 22d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Buffalo, N. Y.

J. HUDSON TAYLOR Founder of tbe China Inland Mission

OF CH

Only Stations of the China Inland Mission are marked on this Map.

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i SHOWING TlfE STIrTIONS .' OF THE 5 CHINA 1NLAND MISSION 1 Lon tude Ea.st of Greenwich l15' lJO'

Year$ of the China

Mission-I 865- 1915 BY HENRY W. FROST, DIRECTOR FOR NORTH AMERrCA [The China Inland Mission, founded by the Rev. ]. Hudson Taylor, iu 1865, has had a remarkable history, and from it many of the denominational societies have learned valuable lessons in faith, economy, and the preeminence of spiritual methods. Like the orphanage work established in Bristol, England, hy George Muller, the China Inland Mission has been carried on without th(l backing of any distinct constituency and without direct appeals for financial aid. God has clearly shown His guiding hand in the foundation and development of the Mission, and has singularly owned the work by supplying the needed money and workers, and particularly by the large and abiding spiritual fruitage.

This year marks the fi ftieth anniversary, and at our request the Home Director for North America has written a brief account of the Mission, its policies, and results.

l 0 claim is made for a larger evidence of God's blessing or guidance in this work' than in that of other societies, but the China Inland Mission has been a humble and willing instrument in the almighty hands of God to open up many provinces, before closed to Christianity, and to lead thousands of Chinese out of darkness into the light and life of God through the Lord Jesus Christ. The record is worthy of a thoughtful reading.-EDlToR.] ~~~1m HE Rev. J. .Hudson to God and dedicated himself t6 Him for the evangelization of the inland Taylor first went to !provinces of China. There fol- China, In connection lowed as a result the formation ofa with the Chinese new society under the name of the Evangelization Society. China Inland Mission, and on May in the year r853. He 26, r866, 11r. Taylor again sailed for settled at Shanghai, and from that Shanghai, with a party of fifteen center began itinerating journeys in lTI1SSlOnaries. The beginning of the the neighboring districts. Four China Inland Mission, therefore, was years later he resigned from the in the year r865, fifty years ago, Chinese Evangelization Society and and hence, this present year marks began independent work in the prov- the Mission's Jubilee. We shall not ince of Chekiang. At one time only attempt in this article to give an hisone of the interior provinces of torical review of the work but rather China had been entered by Protes- to present its salient characteristics tant missionaries, and in 1860 Mr. as it now stands, after these fifty Taylor wrote home to England ap- years of life and growth. pealing for workers. Later in the year, his health having failed, he Its Right of Existence sailed for England, where he remained for six years. On June 25, Mr. Hudson Taylor was a singur865, he had a remarkable spiritual larly godly man. He was one who experience upon the sands at Brigh- had the spiritual instinct highly deton, when he yielded himself anew veloped, and he had learned the

secret of 'habitual prayer and trust to be confronted. To go on was His walk, therefore, was almost un- indeed serious; but to leave countfalteringly with God, and he had that less millions to perish was much calm and stable mental equipment more serious. It is not to be wonwhich such a companionship develops. dered at that such an one as Mr. He was not a man, consequently, Taylor went forward. who came to quick and rash conclusions. On the contrary, he China is not yet evangelized. thought out problems carefully and When Mr. Taylor faced the question reached decisions slowly. These of carrying the Gospel to the interior qualities of mind and heart he of that land, the eleven great inland brought to bear upon the question of provinces were fast closed and their China's evangelization. He waited two hundred and fifty millions of long before he considered under- people hac! never even heard the taking anything new in its behalf; name of Christ. Those provinces and even after he felt constrained to are now open and some of their milgo forward into an independent lions have heard the Gospel. But enterprise he held back until he felt there are yet great reaches of terriunmistakably assured of God's guid- tory which have never been traversed ance. Thus, it was only after he by missionaries, and there are hunbelieved himself forced forward that dreds of millions who are as ignorhe took the decisive step toward ant of Christ as if He had never died organizing the new mission. The for the sins of men. Mr. Taylor's quality of the man and his great care rlilemma, therefore, is also ours. It in discovering the divine will, are is a choice for us as it was for him evidences that what he finally did between leaving the heathen to was under the direction of God. perish and of doing what we can to bring to them the knowledge of the Moreover, Mr. Taylor reached his Savior's love and power. Under such conclusion to create a new service conditions, we choose, as Mr. Taylor for inland China only after he had did, to go forward. waited upon the great denominational societies of England, had besought Its Organization them to undertake work in the interior, and had received their expres- The executive of the mission is a sions of regret that they were not directorate, with a central general able to do this, since they were al- director, and with other directors in ready doing all that their provision the home-lands and in China, each of men and money allowed. Mr. representing the general director in Taylor, therefore, saw no alternative his particular geographical sphere. between leaving the interior of China These directors are assisted by secreunevange1ized and beginning a new taries and treasurers, and by advisory work in its behalf. To one who had councils, all of whom, in general, act seen the night and blight of heathen- in unanimity, majority decisions ism, and who had in his heart some- being avoided. As the work in each thing of the compassion of Christ, country is controlled by the director this was a solemn dilemma by which and council of that country, the work in China is controlled by the director

YEARS OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION 49

and council there. At the same time, ernment and worship, and it leaves all directors and councils keep in each member to develop his work sympathetic touch and act in har- upon such denominational lines as he mony with one another. The work may prefer. The mission, however, on the field is supervised; not only is pledged to preserve the church by the director and council at Shan- organization which is once estab~ ghai, but also by provincial super- lished, and it also arranges, where intendents and senior missionaries. this is desired, to place a person who A SAMPLE OUT-STATION CONGREGATION TN HONAN PROVINCE The new missionaries in China are holds given denominational vIews trained in the language and in the with those who hold similar vIews. customs of the people in two training The mission is international, since it homes, and later are settled in sta- has-besides its common work in tions in the interior. China-home centers in Great Brit- ain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, The mission is undenominational, and the United States. There are in the sense that it is not an eccle- also centers of associate missions on siastical body, and it is interdenomi- the continent of Europe and In the national, in the sense that it is a western States of America. voluntary union of the members of many ecclesiastical bodies. It sets The financial arrangements of the up in China no form of church gov- mission are exact and comprehensive.

Each donation is acknowledged by a makes no solicitation of fund s, bereceipt and letter, books are fully cause, first, it believes that God's and carefully kept, they are audited lJromises for the supply of temporal by public accountants, and once a needs will be fulfilled, and because, year a full statement of receipts anrl secondly, it does not wish to divert expenditures is pttblished in the or- money from the regular miss ionary gan of the mission-Chitta's M£lliol/s ,ocieties, but to receive only those -and in its annllal report, "China over-plus contributions which ll1.ay be and the Gospel." Each home country prompted by, the Spirit and given is independent financially of each voluntarily. It depends in a peculiar other home country , receivin g and way, therefore, upon prayer and faith disbursing fund s without reference to for the securing of necessary temthe other home centers; but each poral supplies.

THE NEW CHINA INLAND MISSION HOSPITAL AT PAONING. WEST CHINA ministers to a general fund in China, As a result of this position, having no assured income, it does not pledge the work being unified there without a stipend to any person dependent upon its minist rations but only promrespect to national distinction s. ises to disburse whatever amounts are received. It never goes into debt, Dpnors are allowed to designate their such being considered· contrary to God's ""Iord and inconsistent with gifts for specific objects and the th e life of prayer and faith. It holds that the evangelization of China is purposes of sllch designations a re its prime obligation, so that medical and educational work are regarded always care fully regarded and car- as secondary in importance. It con- siders, however, that evangelistic ried out. service should be systematically and Ita Principle.

The mission is strictly and POSItively evangelical, its doctrinal basis expressing the fundamentals of the Christi~n faith and being accepted and adhered to by directors , council members and missionaries alike. It

YEARS OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION

carefully carried out, and that a ful of men and women, and this superficial covering of ground is not little company stood in China against within the scope of reputable mis- overwhelming odds. Supplies were sionary service. It holds thaI uncertain and sometimes almost in- churches where converts are gathered sufficient, so that faith and courage should be established and faithfully were sorely tried. Treaties were fostered, and that a native ministry against going into the interior, con, should be developed from these as suls were not in favor of it, and rapidly as possible. 1t consic1ers that the people, wherever advancement these native leaders should be system- was attempteel, bitterly opposed it, atically and carefully trained, and it But this Gideon's band would. not has a number of Bible-schools ill yield and they went forward in the different parts of the field for this name of the Lord. Later, other purpose. It believes in medical workers came to their help, supplies work, and it has nine hospitals, were more regular and adequate, sixty-eight dispensaries, twenty-seven high-built walls of prejUdice began physici'ans, amI a considerable num- to fall down, and converts in various ber of trained nurses. It believes, places were emboldened to confess also, in educational work, with special the name of Christ.

relationship to the chilc1ren of con- Jn Ig8I, seventy additional labor- verts, and hence it establishes prim- ers were given; in 1885, the seven ary and secondary schools as these members of the Cambridge band are needtd and funds allow. Finally, went forth; in 1887, a hundred men it holds, not so much to the con- and women were added to the work- centrative as to the distributive prin- ing force; and in successive years ciple of work, preferring to establish there has been a steady addition of many stations in a wide extent of new mIsSIOnaries. Also, the income territory rather than a few in a of the mission-tho no solicitations narrow one. It holds this last theory, for money have been made-has risen first, in order that it may thus open as steadily as the number of workers, the way throughout the land for the so that, through varying experiences, coming in of other missions; and, the need at home and abroad has second, because it believes that this been supplied. It is a remarkable course will ultimately result in the fact that no backward step has ever reaching and saving. of the largest had to be taken for lack of funds.

number of persons. Thus, at last, the little one became a thousand. That single, lone Its Development worker, by his dedication of life to It is generally conceded that Gou's God duplicated himself so largely and blessing has rested in a marked way effective!y that the membership of upon the mission's service. Begun the mission now numbers one thou- by one who was unknown, and who sand and sixty-three men and women.

was forced to face both criticism anel Thus also, at last, that little invest- opposition, it has progressed steadily ment of faith in God for temporal toward its present position of use- supplies, which Mr. Taylor first made fulness. At first, it had but a hand- has multiplied manifold. Those few

meager gifts of the early days·, quite the interior of China, he gathered apart from the funds given by the some of his colleagues about him, associate missions, have turned into and together with these brethren an annual income of about three waited upon God in prayer for some- hundred and fifty thousand dollars, thing new in China's behalf. Accord- and the total income during these ing to the arrangements made, they fifty years has been abOlit ten mil- fasted and prayed in the privacy of lions of dollars. All of those closed their rooms on one day and then met provinces-largely through the in- in public gatherings on the following strumentality of the mission-have day, thus continuing for several days been opened; and in them, in con- in succession. Toward the end of nection with this mission alone, there these sessions of prayer, the thought are over two hundred stations and came in a spontaneous manner that over one thousand out-stations. Also. they ought to ask God for one hun- there are laboring in these stations- dred new missionaries to be given in besides the missionaries-over on:: the following year, 1887. After this, thousand paid native helpers and over they unitedly asked God for this one thousand self-supporting native number of workers. Later, at helpers. Finally, more than thirty- Shanghai, a clergyman asked 11r.

five thousand persons are now in Taylor if he expected to get so many fellowship with the churches, and new men amI women in one year.

fully fifty thousand persons have been Mr. Taylor quietly answered: "'IN::> baptized since the commencement of already have them," explaining t11:1t the work. As compared with those he had accepted them by faith. The days when Mr. Taylor saw a vast. clergyman smiled and replied that he unoccupied interior, all this is some- would believe the mission had them thing for which those who love the when he saw them in China. lIr.

Lard may b:: truly and deeply thank- .Taylor again quietly replied, "Then ful. there will be this difference between Its Experiences you and me; you will not be able to The history of the mission, if it praise God until the end of the year could be fully told, would read in while I shall have the privilege of many particulars like a romance. In- praising Him for full twelve months deed, it is not too much to say that in advance." In December of 1887 much of its record would make a there sailed from England the last fit appendix to the Book of the Acts. party of the "one hundred," making God has wrought in its behalf and -for full measure-a total of one has used it in the fulfilment of not hundred and three. a few of His larger and more beneficient purposes toward China. We Mr. Taylor visited America in 1888 and returned in 1889. Toward the give the following episodes as illus- close of the second visit he felt con- trations of these facts. strained to make permanent the mis- In 1886, the mission had reached sion organization which had been ten- its majority, and a fairly large de- tatively begun the year before. He velopment. But Mr. Taylor was not thus decided, in an interview with Mr.

satisfied. So, being at Anking, in Sandham and myself, in the Chris-

tian Institute Building, in Toronto, answered prayer, for there was the to somewhat enlarge the council I and the 5 of the IS; only there was which had been established and en- a zero added to it so that the amount quired whom we could recommend was $1 So. This was good measure, as council members. Ve mentioned prest down and running over. But three persons, and these were de- that was not all. At the Institute cided upon. Mr. Taylor, however, Uuilding-where our office was- was leaving that evening for China, there was only one letter in waiting, and he was obliged to ask us to give addrest ignorantly by some stranger to the invitations to the persons named. the "Inland China Mission," and While we were engaged in further folded inside of a blank piece of prayer and consultation, the first of paper there were just three five dollar the three friends entered the room; bills. This was our $15 over again, a moment later, the second came in; but this time in exact measure. We and a few moments later the third concluded that the moral of the story appeared. Mr. Taylor was thus per- was this, that the Heavenly Father mitted to give the invitations in per- does, indeed, hear and answer prayer, son. The remarkable thing about the that He does so abundantly, but that experience was this, that one of the this never means that He has not three friends seldom came into the listened attentively and heard exactly Institute, the second had only been what His children have said. The there once before, the third had never larger experiences of the passing been there, and none of the three years have fully conf1rmed theBe knew that lf r. Taylor and ourselves opinions and convictions.

were in the building.

It would be easy to write a book Its Future upon the subject of answered prayer We do not know how long the for funds, but one instance from our Lord will tarry in the glory where experience in North America must . He is. It is mani fest from the Word suffice. When we first went to that He has gone to receive a king- Toronto we took a house in the lower : dom and to return; but the times part of the city at a rental of $35 I and seasons are in the Father's power. a month. Not long after, we came Nor do we know how long He will to the end of the month with only desire us to occupy the field in which $20. in hand. This was on Saturday He has placed and maintained 11S, and the rent had to be paid on for it is quite possible that open IVIonday. We waited on God, there- doors, through the disobedience of the Church, may become closed, and fore, for $IS . We did not expect to that other worthier agents-such as native Christians-may be called upon get any money on Sunday; and we got what we expected-nothing! On Monday morning we renewed our to finish what we and others have prayer with earnestness and with no begun. At· the same time, looking little anxiety. The mail brought no forward to the possibility of things letters. But later, an envelop was remaining yet longer as they are, handed in at the door. It contained the mission has great ambitions for a check, and we saw the Lord had the future and high hopes that these

may be fulfilled. For the God who has with all true saints, so as to hasten been with us these fifty years has more than ever that great and blest proved His love and patience toward day when Christ shall appear and us, and H is power of redemption and the kingdoms of this earth shall be salvation toward the Chinese, and we His forevermore. If these ambitions believe that these are sure tokens of and hopes shall be realized, then the a grace which will be with us to the past fifty years, with all their blessend. ings, will be but the beginning of days for us; and thus this present Thus encouraged, we long to walk year will have proved, indeed, to be more humbly and to serve more de- a Jubilee Year. Looking backward votedly; we long to be a greater then-readopting the mottoes of the inspiration to the church at large by mission-we praisefully say, Ebenezer an example of humility, prayer, and -hitherto hath the Lord helped us; faith; we long to give ourselves to and looking forward we confidently a more sacrificial and extensive serv- cry, Jeho'vah-jireh–the Lord will ice in China; and above all, we long provide! to walk and serve, in fellowship FIFTY YEARS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CHINA 1865 1915 PopUlation uf China ………………. . 300,000.000 400,000,000 Provinces opened to the Gospel ……… . 7 All-18 Provinces closed to the Gospel ……….. . 11 None Societies at work in China ………….. . 25 104 Total Stations ……………………. . 15 6,851 Number of Christians ………………. . 3,132 356,209 Number of converts a year ………….. . 150( ?) 15,521 (in 1910) Protestant missionaries at work ……… . 112 5,186 Chinese helpers ……………………. . 206 17,879 Chinese churches established …………. . 3,419 Money expended by Protestant missions .. . $50,000 ( ?) $3,000,000 (estimated) Money received from the field by Protes- tant missions ……………………. . $1,000 ( ?) $301,263 (in 19(7) ————————_.—— — FIFTY YEARS' PROGRESS OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION 1865 I 1875 I 1885 I 1895 I 1905 I 1915 Provinces occupied …………….. 1 11 51 91 141 lSi 16 Stations ……………………… 1 Out-stations ………………….. 'I 21 131 301 121 200 227 Missionaries ………………….. 1 Native Helpers ……………….. 1 I 381 44 123 521 1,100 Communicants ………………… I 31 361 1371 604 825 1,063 Baptisms from beginning ………. 1 761 1061 417 1,152 2,765 Baptisms for year …………….. 1 ?I 1,655 5,208114,078 35,000 Organized Churches …………… 1 I Income-Home* ………………. 1 I ? 1,767 7,173 18,625 50,771 Income-China ……………….. 1 1 ?I I? 844 2,541 5,017 I I 281 45 1 1491 418 754 $5,7001 $40,0001 $95,000 $208,000 $291,0001$280,000 1 I 5,0001 18,0001 15,0001 40,000 '* Not including Associate Missions

SCHOOL HOUSE OF THE A~lERICAN MISSION !fOME, YOKOHAMA, FORTY YEARS

Woman's Progress In Japan BY REV. WILLIAM ELLIOT GRIFFIS, D.D., L.B.D., ITHACA, NEW YORK Author of "The "Mikado's Empire," "Verbeck of Japan," etc .

I tT)HE education of woman is encouragement to expect further ~ in Japan in olden times progress. was better than in other Asiatic countries, but The five great epochs of the history very few women, and of Japanese womanhood correspond chiefly those of the to those of the nation's development. higher classes, received its benefits. Altho it provided knowledge, its great 1. In the age of mythology (bedefect was in the exaggeration of sub- fore 660 A. D. )-which is a veiled ordination at the expense of other period, undated and abbreviated, bewomanly qualities. There was no fore the days of clocks or writing– real emancipation for woman in Ja- woman's place was relatively high. pan under the old regime. Christian- Japanese mythology speaks of acreity came to the Island Empire with atrix. The sun was a female goda positive message, with a command dess. In the timeless legends rise to woman to be and to do. many striking female figures in times of wa r and peace. The Japanese woman's true position and possibilities may best be 2. In the early era (600-1200 A.D.) seen by scanning the changes of fifty of writing, and the introduction of years. If within this time she has Chinese civilization, the daughters of responded to new inspirations and Japan achieved a unique record. In has manifested innate power, there the civilizing influences of early Bud- dhism their potency was primal and lI11mense.

During this period there occurred a seen in an inundation of female igstriking phenomenon, almost unique norance and lewdness, in a flood :)f in history. It was woman, not man, pornographic literature, in the rise of that made the literary language of Japan's characteristic institution, the Japan and first gave to the young Yoshiwara or licensed prostitution, a nation works of imagination. The system in which the government still Genji Monogatari (Romance of glories. Prince Genji), by a court lady, who lived in A.D. 1004, is the acknow- 5. The era of Ifeiji, or of Modern ledged standard of the language. Christianity (1860), is marked by the development of education for girls MISS MARGARET CLARK GRIFFIS AND HER PUFILS FORTY YEARS AGO 3. During the medieval period as well as for boys. This system (1200-1600), woman suffered in the grew out of missionary obj ect lesendless wars, often illustrating the sons, ahd in I87T began on a national annals of heroism. scale. There also arose the new fig- ure of the trained nurse, now organ- 4. During the supremacy of Chi- ized with her sisters into a great nese learning, and the prevalence of army; the various types of woman's Confucianism during the next period, training-schools were established, and woman entered into a state of sub- a woman's university was founded jection and of degradation previously in Tokyo by a Christian man. unknown. The' cardinal virtues which she was taught were wholly The literature, art and drama of negative-subordination and obedi- the past picture the national mind, ence. The Nemesis of this system is and tell the story' of those days.

1 5] WOMAN'S PROGRESS IN JAPAN

Especially do proverbs, the verbal new day. One of these, seeing that coinag~ of ,eJ(perienl:e, shoW the hid-. the missionary ladies were helpmates eous results of an overwrought doc- to their husbands, came to Mrs. Hep- trine of filial piety-daughters were burn in Yokohama and earnestly re- rented out to men like cattle, or were quested that his granddaughter might sold by thousands into a life of gilded be educated. He. did not believe the misery, disease, and premature 01d sentiment-attributed to Confucius- age. , The atrocious by-word, "A fa- "a stupid woman is less troublesome ther with many daughters need not in the family than one that is wise."

fear old age," tells its own story. Even the Mikado's advisers allowed From all Japanese, of every shade the strange sentiment to be inserted of religious belief or of none, we into the famous Imperial Rescript of hear the unanimous verdict-"Chris-, 1873: "Japanese women are without tianity brought a new message to understanding."

woman. " Mrs. Hepburn, gladly gathered F1fty years ag9 the gospel of joy about her several young girls and began to move the hearts of J ap~n's j)egan a school which she conducted daughters. Some of these, now for several years and then turned it white-haired, .are still teachers, and 'over to Miss :lIary E. Kidder.

have been makers of Christian homes A high officer once said that this or ar.e active in Christian churches. class was "the mustard seed of The first recognition of female woman's education in Japan." Fun education by the Government of Ja.. of fire and spirit, Miss Kidder car- pan was when a young woman, who ried on the work for many years, had been under the instruction of until the Ferris Seminary was 6rgan- Mrs. J. C. Hepburn of the Presbyter- ized to conduct woman's eclucation ian Mission was appointed assistant on a larger scale. To-day, the Ferris to Miss Margaret Clark Griffis, in Seminary, supported by the Reform- the first schoQl opened under gov- ed Church in A,merica, continues the ernment auspices in the castle in noble work begun a half century ago, Tokyo. To this school with its sixty and has already sent out into the em- pupils, daughters of the nobility and pire hundreds of Christian women gentry, the Empress paid repeated who have founded Christian homes.

VISitS. In the book, "Who's Who in In 1870, the idea of the education Japan," for 1912, we find an aston- of Japanese womanhood was slowly ishing record of graduates of this percolating into the brain of Japanese first school. Many are wives or statesmen. The intellectual superior- widows of eminent men, leaders of ity of refined and educated women the nation, while other private data from Christian lands was manifest reveals a remarkable line of teachers when contrasted with even the most and influential women, not a few of attractive of Japanese women, while whom are Christians. the awful degradation of the millions Passionate pilgrims seeking medical of Japanese females was borne in knowledge at Nagasaki, where the upon the minds of patriots. They Dutchmen had their settlement, were were not ashamed of being Japanese, the first harbingers of science and the but they were ashamed of the con-

MISS TSUDA'S JAPANESE WOMEN'S INSTITUTE (JOSHI EIGAKU JUKU) IN 1910

W OMAN 'S PROG RESS I N JAPA N

diti on into wh ich their women had the Young 'Woma n's Chri stian Asfallen by th e prevalence o f deg rading sociation in Tokyo, and keeps up vital idea s . lines of communication with educa- tionists in America. A patriotic impulse moved th e J apan ese to action, and' Chri sti anity Some years late r , a Chri sti an man, mightily rein fo rced the desire fo r im- D r. Jinzo Naruse, spending a night provement. The one most ardent in a hotel at Osaka, was ' disgusted and determined champion of the new and pained by the uproarious noise ideals for womanhood was General of revellers of both sexes. H e pon- K. Kuroda, wh o secured the appoint- dered the scripture passage, "A vir- A CLA SS IN SCIENCE AT THE MARY COLBY SCHOOL, KA N AZAWA, J AP AN ment o f five young girls to accom- tuous woman who can find ?" and pany th e great embassy of 1872 to th e came to the conclu sion that as long U nited S tates. He was ably second- as so many Japanese women were ed by A rinori Mori , then mini ster to kept in ignorance, with no other outthe U nited States. let for their Iives than mini stering to m an's passions, th ere would be no de- Three of these girls at least were crease of feminin e lewdness. O ut of placed in Chri stian homes in America that night's thought and prayer to and, on their return to Japan became God was born the resolve to establish immensely influential. Two of them a 'Woman's University in T okyo. He married high officers, one in the was assisted in this enterprise by a army and the other in the navy. Th,~ few Japanese statesmen, and for youngest, M iss U me T suda, after many years th e institution has done a long service at Court, established her nobl e work in preparing J apanese fam ous Christian school for girl s in women to be man's helpmate in servthe capital, served as President 0 f

ing God and in re-creating the nation. well attended by red-coated British Unfortunately for Japan, the native soldiers, encamped on the hills near- by, and by blue jacket~ frorp. Ameriofficers at the treaty ports believed can and other ships of war and peace, that the first two commercial neces- and by Europeans and Americal1s livsities '!ere a custom house and a ing in the port. Every variety of relarge house of ill-fame. Out of this ligiolls services was c'arried on in sprang three growths, as of night- this home for years. shade, upas, and poison ivy, whiCh have cost Japan millions of money From this school also wel~t f~rth and ha~e retarded her civilization. hundreds of educated Christian wo- This unfortunate contact of human men to make the new type of wife. beings at the selvedges of their civili- mother, and home needed in the new zations has created the prej udices Japan. It is impossible to dilate on the still strong in the West as to the work of Mrs. Louise Pierson, as a reputed scoundrelism and dishonesty Bible reader and a trainer of scores of the J apancse merchant and the like herself, and of Mrs. Pruyn's lalow character of the average Japanese bors among the native and foreign woman, and also~not an opinion but women of the ports, or of the service a fact-hundreds of Eurasian chil- of hundreds of nativ@ women, mighty (hen, waifs of society, who know not in the scriptures, The records of retheir fathers. sults are not only visible in hearts and bomes and in God's book, but are An earnest appeal was made to even as discernible as those glacial the 'Woman's Union AIissionary So- strice on the boulders, which tell of ciety to establish a home in Y oko- a history of force and movement that hama for these innocent victims of out of azoic rock created fertile soil. vice. Mrs. Mary T. Pruyn, Mrs. Louise, Pierson, and Miss Julia Cros- J aran took her proper place in the by were chosen to begin this work, world's family at "the psychological and to~day Miss Crosby-a white- moment." Steam, electricity and the haired veteran, but still full of ear- great inventions of modern times nestness and vigor—:is at the head of were ready at hand; but, more esthe historic American Mission Home, pecially, the noble ideas of Christian "212 Bluff,'" Yokohama. centuries had ripened and were brought for gathering. The Japan- The work dev<;loped into a school ese hand was also trained for pickexclusively for Japanese girls, and ing; its owner is. ever an eclectic. later became a hive of manifold spiritual iridustries~one might almost One of ,these Christian ideas was call it a Bii;Jlical College. Here Dr. the right and privilege of women to Samuel Robbins Brown gathered his labor for their sisters in the Savi~r's Bible ~lasses that, fi11e4 rooms, stairs, name. "The greatest work of your and hallways, as he expounded the Christ is' the d~vation of woman," script1:1res in the vernacular. Here said a Chinese mandarin to Andrew Okunq, who brought the Day of Pen- Carnegie. This was an evangel to tecost in Japan, preached the first na- Japanese w~}I11anhood, because all the tive Christian sermon in modern J a- energies of the statesmen of the new pan. Here prayer-meetings were regime, after i868, seemed required

WOMAN'S PROGRESS IN

t9 rebuild the nation. Instant and wafted seed, was carried all over the imperious attention to purely national empire by Christian sailors, servants, affairs, in which the men were prom- pupils, and acquaintances. From inent, was demanded. Even th e most the first, varied methods were adoptenlightened statesmen were slow- ed for planting and cultivating Chriswilled or heterodox on the subject 9f tian ideas. Despite stony places, the wom an's position in civilization ami hard roadside, and the fowls of the the home. A secr:et chapter, of air, much seed ri pened to the glory which I have the documents, would of God. Schools and churches de- A HAPPY JAPANESE M l SSlON ARY KINDERGARTEN prove this, but we cortgratulate Japan veIoped and the new nation was born. on possessing noble pioneers among The kindergarten was introduced the missionary women. It is to the everl::tsting honor of the nation and early, and helped admirably to blend g,",vernment that the single women the artistic ideals of the East and the who came to Japan met with so little West. The kindergarten has made opposition, or insult, either veiled or art a genuil)e yoke-fellow in the seropen. vice of the gospel. E specially is this true where American , women' ,have From, the first, the object lesson of had the good sense to recognize how women missionaries and their families vastly superior to Americans are the was one as powerful as sunshine. Japanese in artistic sense and culture. Japanese testimony is abundant to, prove this.' The influence was seen One frankly confesses to s~rprize iI:! the hO!lle, in the church, through and wonder that some of. the pioneer the tr~iningof the children, and, like women should be willing to spend their cultured lives on a missionary':i

pittance in a distant land, that they seed planted. The real autumnal might lift up the daughters of the harvesting of the fruit is coming af- Island Empire. These servants of ter years filled with discouragements .

God have been used to create a new . To-day,Christianity in Japan is deep- ideal of womanhood in the image of ly rooted below and shows rich ftuit- the Christ. age above. Many women are faithful One of the mani festations of a wives of pastors, deacons, and el- Christian sentiment that developed to ders; many daughters of Christian oppose the degradation of womanhood homes are serving in the church as was seen in the passing of a law deaconesses, or as Sunday-school which forbade the incarceration of teachers; many others are zealous females against their wiII in those and useful church members, who keep moral pest-houses called the Y oshi- UP. the steady fire and furnish wara, provided that all debts against fresh supplies of spiritual fuel. A the procurer or slave-master had knowledge of human nature explains been discharged. Happily, there were a great many things; and, as ill Christian heroes who were brave America, so in Japan, many a pastor enough to see to the enforcement of has said, with mingled sighing and the law. Na knight fighting a ter- gladness, "What would the church do rible dragon, or soldier charging to without the women?"

capture the death-dealing cannon, was The creation of the trained nurse braver than those who faced the bru- has been a signal triumph of Chris- tal rowdyism of the brothel-keepers. tianity. Long years before the idea In one year, over ten thousand un- entered the heads of statesmen or fortunate girls and women were set publicists, Dr. John C. Berry, M.D., free. At times, the moral torch has a missionary of the American Board, burned so brightly that local option trained a corps of Japanese women against licensed prostitution has been nurses. The Presbyterians, also, had made effective. On more than one uniformed female nurses in their hos- occasion when fire destroyed the dis- pitals-the first free hospitals opened reputable quarters of a town, it to the public in Japan. Thus the seemed as tho the flames of moral foundation was laid for the first earnestness would also scorch out of courses in that superb healing art existence the moral pestilence. Never- which is to-day Japan's glory among theless, while human passions are the nations of Asia. In I894 China so strong and selfishness so great, went to war without even a hosp:tal this evil must be dealt with by slow corps, while Japan had nearly a and patient means. We believe that thousand trained female nurses in its present form this licensed ready. In I 904, when the clash vice in Japan is doomed. came with Russia, these ministers of Woman's work in Japan has been mercy numbered thousands. "As the like the preparatory work of the Hague ordained," the Empire of the farmer in preparing the soil for a now Risen Sun set an example in the coming harvest. The parasites must humane treatment of her prisoners be removed, stones gathered out, and her care of the sick, both native stumps blasted, marshes drained, and and alien, that surprized the world.

I 51 WOMAN'S PROGRESS IN JAPAN 50

In the higher education of women Miss Tsuda's school, besides being the government is ~til1 very much distinctively Christian, is the fore- runner of hundreds of others which behind. Perhaps the average Japan- shall neither be connected with any mission board nor receive any supese man does not yet take woman port from the government, but shall seriously as an intellectual com- be independent and self-supporting, panion. The famous Rescript of because of their clientage of Chris- 1873 called for the education of girls tian families. to be "of the same grade as that for men." Yet forty years have passed, In the Doshisha University, in and, despite the profuse professions AN AFTERNOON TEA-PARTY, Y. W. C. A. SUMMER CONFERENCE, 1913 of loyalty to the emperor, the two Kyoto, is also a school for girls, but Women's Higher Normal Schools, in with less than a hundred pupils. Tokyo and at Nara, with 450 pupils, It is not under foreign missionary comprise the state provision for the supervision nor government control, higher education. These schools but is a thorough Christian school. simply train teachers for the second- The crying need to-day is for a ary and primary schools, but make no great Christian university for women. aim to provide general culture. The government provides no other edu- Economic forces are fast driving cation for girls above the high school. Japanese women into new fields of There is a Woman's Private Medical activity. Unless they are given high- School in the capital, which has re- er education with Christian ideals, cently received recognition, and wo- they will become a menace to the men are allowed to attend lectures nation. in the Imperial Universities in Tokyo and Kyoto. Despite limitations, the permanent superiority of Christian education has been demonstrated.

BARON YUN CHI-HO, A CHRISTIAN KOREAN Former Mil1jster of Education; a delegate to the Edinburgh llissionary Con- ference; imprisoned for alleged conspiracy, without evidence of guil-t, but l*ecentJy pardoned by the Japanese Goyernment and restored to full titles and privileges.

A Korean Christian

A SKETCH OF BARON YUN CHI-HO, PREACHER, TEACHER, STATESMAN The interpreter to Lucius C. Foote, the first American Minister sent to Korea, in 1883, was a young Korean named Yun Chi-Roo He belonged to a group of the younger nobility in the Hermit Nation who desired to know more of the outside world. This young Korean has had most important influence upon the political, social, and moral development of the Koreans.

Yun was present at the fateful banquet on December 6, 1884, when the Progressives attempted to celebrate the promise of success in their efforts to reconstruct Korea's life. The hired assassins of the Conservative party broke up the banquet, and Yun was compe1!ed to flee to the American Legation for protection. He was secretly conveyed to Chemulpo, the seaport, and was put on board an American man-of-war bound for Shanghai. There he entered the Anglo-Chinese College of the Methodist Mission, and remained for six years. During this period he was converted to Christianity. In 1890 Yun went to America, and studied first in Emory College, and later was graduated from Vanderbilt University at Nashville, Tennessee.

His strong, Christian character, wit. and spirit of good fellowship, won him many friends among his American fellow st~dents. He proved himself to be a natural leader of men.

On completing his education in America, Yun returned to China as a teacher in the Southern Methodist Anglo-Chinese College at Shanghai. Here he met and married a talented Chinese-Christian wife, whose mother had been rescued in her infancy by the missionaries.

At the establishment of Korean independence under Japanese auspices, following the China-Japan War, in [895, Yun was among the first of the foreigneducated Koreans to be called back to Korea by the reformed cabinet. He was invited to become Vice-Minister of Education. and was entrusted with the task of organizing an educational system for Korea.

Mr. Yun immediately identified himself with the Christian Church, and showed his interest in every movement for the betterment of his fellow countrymen. He served in influential positions in the government, first as Secretary to the Imperial Cabinet, and later as Vice-Minister of State for Foreign Affairs. For a time the direction of foreign affairs for Korea was entirely in his hands as Acting Minister, the full ministerial title being denied him only because his father was then a Minister of State, and it was repugnant to Korean ethics to have a son holding a position on official equality with his own father.

The career of Baron" YUH passed through kaleidoscopic changes that over-

both his country and himself. The jealousy of the Korean Court

kept him in danger of secret assassination, from which he was obliged to seek safety by flight on' several occasions. He became the editor of The Korean Independent, an influential progressive paper, and led the party of progress and reform. He finally retired from public life at the time of the establishment of the Japanese protectorate in 1905.

Through the many changes of this exciting period of Korean history, Baron Yun remained true to the principles of his Christian faith; and on leaving public office gave himself to the work of Christian education. He became president of the Anglo-Korean School of the Southern Methodist Church at Songdo. It was here that he was arrested, two years ago, on the charge of complicity in the so-called Conspiracy Case. The trial of over one hundred Korean Christians was carried through all of the Japanese Courts, and constituted the greatest legal battle that has marked Korean annals in modern times. It attracted world-wide attention, and created animosities and bitternesses so that only Christian forbearance prevented serious consequence". The charges formulated by the Japanese police in Korea were not substantiated, and most of the Christians were fully acquitted. The Court, however, thought it necessary to sentence Baron Yun and five other men to penal servitude for five years. This year, however, at the request of the Governor-General of Korea, Count Terauchi-against whose life the plot is alleged to have been directed-the Emperor of Japan pardoned the young men, and they were not only released from prison, but all civil disabilities and forfeiture of title and political standing involved in their sentence were cancelled, and they were restored to full civil rights.

Earon Yun Chi-Ho has been a power in the intellectual and moral development of Korea. In prison, also, he faithfully witnessed for Christ, and, like the apostle Paul, exprest his conviction that the troubles had overtaken him for the furtherance of the Gospel.

DISCIPLESHIP "These are the,Y which follow the Lamb whithcrsoe'C'er He goeth"

I thought it hard that Christ should ask of me To walk through life along a blood-marked way, And thus it was, I shrank back, tremblingly, Then paused, and bowed my head, and said Him, Nay!

But looking down I saw, with tear-dimmed eyes, That all the blood-marks came from pierced feet, At which I learned, with sad yet glad surprize, That they were proofs of love, enduring, sweet; 'Twas thus again, I looked on Christ's dear face And once again, began to follow on;- Since then, I've only thought of His great grace, And fear of blood-marked ways is wholly gone. -H. W. FROST.

HUS-MARTYRED

John Hus and the Moravians BY CHARLES H. ROMINGER, M.A., BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA ~~;;zIHE 6th of July is a first Protestant Christian Church. On unique day in the his- that day, one-half of a millenium ago, tory of the world. It John Hus, deposed rector of the Uni- is the sooth anniver- versity of Prague, and former priest sary of the martyrdom of the Bethlehem Chapel in Prague, of the man who insti- was led out of the gates of Con- stance to the Briihl, a quiet meadgated the Bohemian Reformation, ow among the gardens· near the and inspired the organization of the

city waIls, and there was burned Hus stands out against the back- to death. As the flames from the ground of history as one of its most faggots and straw, which were piled tragic figures-.

about his body, leaped up to The martyrdom of this Bohemian take away his life, the staunch spirit professor was a turning-point in the of this reformer did not waver. His development of the church. His vir- last words were a part of the Catho- ile patriotism, his fearless advocacy'

lic burial-prayer. The soul of Hus of the unchained Bible, and the ardor -arose on a chariot of fire to meet the of his attack upon the corruption in Son of God, to whom he had- devoted Church and State, were in marked every faculty of mind and body, but contrast to the narrow bigotry and his mangled corpse sank in hopeless the undisguised profligacy of those ruin u]29n the embers of his funeral who opposed him. The Church was pyre. The mob that had gloated under a cloud. Popes, prelates, and over the death of so strong an ad- laymen were blinded by their own vocate of righteousness, leaped upon vain imagmmgs. But there were in- the smoldering body, reduced the dividuals who found the lighted way.

bones to ashes, and cast them into the Hus was their leader. He gave them Rhine. But friends of the martyred courage. The clear light of his man, his faithful companions during teaching and the purity of his char- the long persecution which preceded acter added momentum to his labors.

his condemnation, lifted the soil upon He was a national hero, and, when which he was burned and carried it to summoned to the council at Con- Bohemia-for to them it was holy stance, to speak in his own defense ground. against a charge of heresy, the good There are some men whom the wishes of his countrymen went with world must not forget. Hus is one him. The verdict of that treacherous of them. Born in a peasant home, he tribunal was not expected. Hus was forced to work for a professor sprung at once, through the shock of in the University of Prague in order his death, into a prominence that to pay for the privilege of studying would have been impossible under in that institution. During those other circumstances.

years of poverty and toil, he won the Nevertheless, H us died too soon.

honor and respect of the authorities There had not been time in his busy of the university by his high ideals life to formulate his teachings into a and dauntless perseverance. He was system that could be adopted and made university lecturer, dean of the promulgated by his followers. It is philosophical facuity, and rector of true that the books of Wyclif, who the university. He became a priest, was the first reformer to attract and, from the pulpit of Bethlehem world-wide attention to his utter- _Chapel, wielded an influence that ances, were brought to Bohemia by reached the remotest corners of Jerome of Prague, one of many stu- Europe. Stricken in the prime of dents in the University of Oxford, manhood, a victim of ignorance and and that they had stimulated the ideas blind superstition, condemned and of Hus and assisted him in glvmg burned without' an' adequate trial, them form 1, but the period of retire-

HUS AND THE MORAVIANS

ment preceding his call to Constance the Bohemian Reformation. The was too short, and the years of man- Chiliasts and Adamites were fanatical hood too crowded with other labors, sects, whose extraordinary tenets to permit of sufficient writing, much less of adequate instruction. John could not be maintained for long, Hus died in the period of life when even in an age like that of the Husmost men are interested in organiz- sites. The Waldenses, who had, no ing their thoughts into a philosophy doubt, been in Bohemia for many de- cades, found in this period of re- THE BIRTHPLACE OF JOHN HUS IN HUSTNETZ, ROHEMJA of their own. He was only forty- adjustment an opportunity for rapid two when he left his work to other growth. This church, which was an men. ancient order, claimed to have an apostolic origin and an episcopal suc- It is not surprizing, therefore, that cession. The sale object of the Walsome of his followers emphasized denses was to restore primitive Chrisone of his teachings, while other tianity; they opposed popes, decrees groups clung tenaciously to sayings of councils, oaths, and warfare. that interested them. Factions grew out of the controversies which fol- The result of the upheaval in Bolowed Hus's death. The Utraquists, hemia was war. The Hussites were or Calixtines, strest one of Hus's pitted against Rome. In this conlatest contentions, that laymen should flict, the Taborites seem to have taken be allowed to take the wine at the a leading part. Their leader, John celebration of the Lord's Supper. Ziska, a blind but capable zealot, held The Taborites were the socialists of Pope Martin's forces at bay for

twenty years. Had the various fac- in bitter terms. He was in sympathy tions been able to cooperate against with the ideals of Peter, but lacked their common foe, they might have one characteristic which would have won the boon for which they strove made him the religious leader of all -the faith of Hus and the freedom Bohemia. I-Ie was afraid to cast his of Bohemia. Alas, for Bohemia! all into championing the cauoe of Ziska died of a fever. The Utra- apostolic Christianity. TloJat was left quists and the Catholics compromised. c for Gregory, called the Patriarch.

They drew up a document, known as Without ostentation, a great number the "Compactata of Basle," in 1433. of Christians, dissatisfied with the Some of Hus's ideas were embodied in conditions in all of the churches, raJ- this contract, viz.: (I) The commu- lied around the new reader. They nion was to be given to laynJen in met in secret; their numbers grew; both kinds; (2) all mortal sins were they were beset by dangers on every to be punished by the proper authori- hand. There came a day when they ties; (3) the Word of God was to be realized that they must seek a place freely preached by faithful priests of safety-or their mission would and deacons; (4) and no priests were fail. Accordingly, the news that, to have any worldly possessions. The near the Bavarian border, in the Taborites were utterly defeated at northeast portion of Bohemia, a val- the battle of Lipan in 1434. It looked ley, unclaimed and deserted, was as tho Hus had died in vain. awaiting to receive them, filled their But no! There were many men in hearts with joy. There they set up a Bohemia who did not believe in war. community of their own. They made Three great leaders arose to free rigid laws, elected elders to enforce them from their yoke. Peter of Chel- them, accepted the ministrations of a cic, a writer and a prophet, pro- Utraquist priest, who cast in his lot claimed in glowing terms against the with them, and established themselves bloody strife which was being con- definitely and determinately as a ducted iIi the name of the church. He distinct and separate church.

emphasized the teachings of Hus and That colony in the Kunwald val- Wyclif, and called men to return to ley was the first Protestant church.

the simple gospel of Christ and the Through many vicissitudes, it has apostles. He objected to the. union -remained unto the present day." Ac- of Church and State. He was not a cessions to their number made it sectarian, and was, therefore, free to necessary for them. to elect new criticize the faults of all. Nor was priests and seek ordination for them he a priest; he was independent of at the hands of the Waldenses. From the Pope and Rome. To his work the time of their determined stand was added the fiery .preaching of this pilgrim band increased in num- John of Rockycana, priest of the in- bers, in strength, and in the convic- fluential Thein Church, and Arch- tion that the ultimate salvation of bishop-elect of Prague. At first, this Bohemia and Moravia depended upon man used his eloquence to attempt a them. As a church, they were called harmonious settlement with Rome; the Unitas Fratrum, or the Unity of failing that, he denounced the Pope the Brethren. In derision, the term

1 51 JOHN HUS AND THE MORAVTANS

Moravians was given them by their home land found their way into Gerfoes. That pame has been perpetu- many and were allowed the shelter of ated, and is now the name of the an estate of one Count Zinzendorf. church. By their perseverance, they Under his protection, and by his were able to conserve the spirit of direction, their number was augmenthe Bohemian Reformation until the ted by new pilgrim bands and also by broader movement, almost a century German accessIOns. The renewed later, manifested itself in other coun- church adopted foreign missions as tries. Vhen Martin Luther learned its raisoll el'eire, and, since that re- JOHN HUS GOING TO THE STAKE FlVE HUNDRED YEARS AGO-JULY 6,_1015 of the Moravians, and fraternized suscitation, in I722, it has existed with them, they numbered two hundred thousand. And when the giant mainly for the purpose of carrying counter-reformation paralyzed all reform movements in Bohemia, and the Gospel to nations which need it drove the Moravian Church into exile, we are told that there were 1110st. It is a united church, with a nearly three million souls who owed their chance for religious guidance world organization, and world-wide to this church. interests. The major portion of the A small number of immigrants from the persecuted areas of .the annual mission budget is supplied by European countries now at war.

American Moravians must make up the deficiency-for they are the lineal descendants of Hus, and his spirit dominates their work. ..

Facts About Aliens in

PENTECOST REPEATED REJECTIONS, 1914 American Home Missions Proclaim Total Aliens Rejected, 33,041 Christ's Gospel in These Tongues CAUSES Albanian Hebrew Polish Insufficient or disordered men- Armenian Hungarian Portuguese tality ………. ……… 1,274 Bohemian Italian Russian Likely to become public charges …………….. 15,745 Chinese Indian Rumanian Contagious di!:>eases …….. 3,253 Croatian Japanese Ruthenian Criminals …………….. 755 Immorality ……………. 639 Danish Korean Slovak Contract laborers ……….. 2,793 Dutch Lithuanian Syrian In addition to the above, 508 were rejected in order that they might ac- Finnish Lettish Swedish company other rejected aliens who were of tender age, etc.; 718 were re- French Magyar Spanish jected because they were under 16 years of age; 330 others were reject- German Norwegian Welsh ed because they had been assisted in coming to America, and 322 Chinese Greek were debarred under provision, etc.

Thirty-one In All "Every man in his men tongue heareth the mighty ~t'orks of God"

ALIENS ADMITTED SINCE 1820 ALIENS LEAVING AMERICA Total, All Countries, 33,212,425 For Their Old Home Land 19 14 LEADING SOURCES Total aliens returned 1914 Greeks Italians ……………. Great Britain ………… 8,262,03 I Russians …………… Germany ……………. 5,605,912 Turks …………….. Scandinavia ……. : ….. 2,101,597 Chinese ……………. Italy ……………….. 4,286,719 Japanese…………… Autria-Hungary ……… 4,320,944 Russia ……………… 3,564,001 France ……………… 528,964 Switzerland ………….. 257,352 THE CREST 53,729 of the II,9IO IMMIGRATION WAVE 622 3,643 France ………….. 1847 ::20,040 8, 109 Great Britain ……… 1851 272,740 Germany ………… 1882 250 ,630 If America, through home missions, Scandinavia ………. 1882 I05,326 had evangelized these sojourners, how Switzerland ………. 1882 10,844 long would foreign missions be neces- Austria-Hungary ….. 1907 338,452 sary? Netherlands ………. 1913 Russia …………… 1914 6,902 Save America and you will save the Italy ……………. 1914 305,160 world! 287,255

to Help the

BY REV. HERBERT C. HERRING, D.D., BOSTON Secretary of the National Council of Congregational Churches WELL-KNOWN story of the Neglected Fields Survey weekly magazine re- and the successive deputations which cently said editorially: have been sent out to impress upon "It is simply shameful the leaders at the front the earnest- in this day of enlight- ness of the desire of the allied enment and cooperation Boards to plan and labor together, to squander the gifts of self-denying records the beginning of the end of people in perpetuating ecclesiastical sectarian strife in western fields.

whims and community divisions." The end would be reached much Needless to say this utterance was earlier if the Home Mission boards based on the editor's fear that Home were entirely untrammelled. But Mission organizations are doing the they are, of course, part of the net- thing condemned. All of which work of their respective ecclesias- freshly illustrates the way in which tical systems. It takes time to move even alert men can fall behind the large bodies, and the admission must movement of the times. There has be made that bishops, presbyteries, been in the history of Home Mis- associations, and conferences are not sions more than enough of sectarian infrequently found still dwelling in competition. But in the last six or the stone age of competition. But seven years, with a swiftness in things are moving. A little more some measure expiatory of past sins, time, and a few properly located Home Mission leaders have been funerals will make the overchurched learning to work together. The community unknown so far as it is Home Missions Council, organized in created or maintained by Home Mis- 1908, is the outstanding expression sion money.

of the new cooperative spirit. It The most recent movement toward enrolls the Home Mission agencies federated effort undertaken by the of all important bodies, save one or Council is in the work for immi- two, and commands .the enthusiastic grants. For over a year a sub-com- interest of its entire constituency. mittee has been endeavoring to work The Council of Women for Home out a program and put it in force.

Missions organized a year or two It was found necessary at the outset later furnishes a similar bond for to make the usual sharp distinction the eight strong bodies of women between the immigrants from Pro- carrymg on Home Mission work. testant and non-Protestant lands.

The two Councils are in close co- The man who comes from a com- operative relations. munity which has the open Book is The first field to which the Home not a problem save as all our popu- Missions Council gave its attention lation is a problem. The Swede, the was naturally the frontier. The . Norwegian, the Dane, and the Ger-

man bring their old-world organiza- mission workers; and, second, there tions to our shores and in addition was not, save in exceptional cases, hundreds of thousands of them are any thoroughgoing effort to relate enrolled in denominations which we the work at the Island with the after count more distinctly American. life of the immigrants. As to other Effort on their behalf does not differ ports of entry, Boston, Philadelphia, essentially from effort on behalf of Baltimore, New Orleans, Galveston, those born under our flag. The same Seattle, etc., there were the same rules of cooperation which apply to defects with usually the added defect an American community are in order of entire inadequacy of force. Nothwhen it is a case of a community ing could, therefore, be done save on transplanted from Teutonic Europe. the basis of a very careful exami- nation of the situation and a con- Leaving, therefore, this section of structive attempt to meet these weakour immigrant people out of view nesses. for the moment the Committee turned its attention to the great mass The two Councils were very forof Slavic, Latin, Semitic and Orien- tunate in being able at this j utlcture al life found in our nation. Vhat ought to be done? What can be to secure the services of Rev. J. H. done? Where shall we begin in the effort to comprehend the task and Selden, D.D. to undertake the task. meet it? These were the questions He brought to their service ripe exconfronting the Committee. Rather perience, a strong personality, and inevitably they found themselves first a keen enthusiasm for his work. At of all studying the situation at the the threshold of his investigations he ports of entry. A great deal of work found that the statement made over has been done here, some well, some and over again by Commissioners at ill. At. Ellis Island from fifty to Ellis Island, that the provisions for one hundred persons are enrolled as those detained beyond a few hours missionaries, Jewish, Roman, and were inadequate, has become by the Protestant. Some give their entire increase of immigrants pathetically, time, some a part. The work of even tragically, an understatement. some has ecclesiastical recognition, The United States with that curious that of others represents interde- cruelty of which all nations seem nominational agencies like the Y. M. corporately capable, has been collect- C. A., still others are employed by ing from immigrants as a head tax voluntary organizations which con- an amount vastly in excess of the duct immigrant boarding-houses and cost of maintaining its immigrant the like. Constant vigilance is needed stations, and then has neglected-reto prevent spurious missionaries- fused is the more accurate term-to grafters-from getting a foothold on provide decent accommodations for the Island. A cursory study of the those whom misfortune or fault comsituation revealed to the Committee pels to be guests for days or weeks. two conspicuous weaknesses in the With these and other aspects of his situation. First there was an almost task Dr. Selden was busy for two entire lack of cooperation between or three months, his reports arousing keen anticipation among the allied Boards when a severe illness laid him

TO HELP THE

aside temporarily, and a combination sible for the Christian Church to deof circumstances compelled him to cline it. lay down the task. So for some months this fundamental piece of co- Much more radical and far reachoperation was stayed. But the com- ing are the plans on foot for dismittee did not abandon its plan, and tributing and standardizing effort on in January, I9I5, it engaged Rev. behalf of non-Protestant immigrants throughout the country. That the J. H. Perry to be its special repre- Boards constituting the Council have not been indifferent to this call of sentative at the ports of entry, and is Providence will be evident from the again pressing on toward the goal following table showing the number originally fixt, viz. :-the securing of of missiom now maintained in each wholesome physical conditions at nationality by the leading denomiports of entry, the development of nations. The table is necessarily iman adequate and coordinated mis- perfect, but gives an approximately sionary force at each one, and the correct view of the situation. systematic effort to follow up the immigrant and help him to get hope- I f the above table suggests the ful footing in the community to interest and activity of Home Miswhich he goes. It is an undertaking sion Boards it also reveals the inabounding in perplexities and im- adequacy of the efforts thus far put possibilities. But it is not permis- forth. The inadequacy IS not a ~ -:5 .:.e; ~ 6' § No. for- -< Nationalities 'v" ,d. => 0 ;0., '§" '§" eign-born Ci. in U. S. 0 [fJ .~ [fJ " 'b/l ~ ~ en ] .s .s c: :i" Ci ~ :i :i ~ E ·S ~ v o:l 0 0- ::> :>:i U '-'l 0- :>:i Albanian 1 Armenian 27 3 5 Bohemian Slovak 21 35 41 7 41 3 400,000 Bulgarian 1 .. 13,000 Chinese 12 11 3 10 9 1 .. 57,000 Croatian .. ..1 4 1 .1. 78,000 Cuban 40,000 French 24 10 8 10 6 10 1 120,000 Greek 2 15 .. 1 …. 103,000 Hebrew .. 1.000,000 Italian 58 29 6 S4 8 74 3 16 1.354,000 5 Japanese 2 10 35 4 9 1 68,000 Korean 12 1 5 Lettish and .. 140,000 Lithuanian 5 3 9 228,000 222,000 Magyar 19 34 5 1,000,000 Mexican 7 12 44 22 59,000 66,000 Persian 1 1 80,000 Polish 12 3 2 3 20 17,000 123,000 Portuguese 3 2 2 7 Rumanian Russian Ruthenian 80 .. Servian Slovenian 1 Syrian 21 41

mere matter of quantity. Quality is 2. To ascertain which of these groups also lacking. This could not be have as many Protestant missions otherwise, since none of the Boards among them as are on the whole has thus far either the experience, desirable, with all possible inforthe funds, or the trained leaders mation bearing on this point. necessary for a thoroughly effective work. In every interest, therefore, 3. To ascertain, with details, what there is need of a concerted program groups have too many missions, of advance. At its last meeting the or missions not working cooper- Council adopted such a program. atively with others. Its keynote is found in a paragraph of the report of the committee which 4. To ascertain in what groups, now submitted the plan. "Last fall, we uncared for or insufficiently cared reminded the Council of the solemn for, new work should be opened. obligations which rest upon us in this department of our service. A 5. To ascertain what periodical litergreat multitude of our brothers and ature is in existence and what is sisters, trained in every variety of needed. faith and unfaith, belonging largely to the unprivileged classes, have in It will be seen that this is in no the Providence of God been brought sense an effort to carry out what is to our doors. An unparalleled op- technically known as "survey." The portunity to demonstrate the genuine- aim is simply to secure such primary ness of our Christian sympathy is practical facts as will furnish a basis placed in our hands. In the pres- for cooperative extension of the work ence of this great, needy, appealing already begun. When these facts mass of alien life, our differences are secured it was voted by the Counshould be forgotten, and with solemn cil that the Committee on Immigrant dedication of all our powers, we Vork should on the basis thus furshould endeavor to mass the strength nished formulate recommendations. of the churches which we represent for a great united sacrificial ministry (a) As to what should be done can" to the stranger within our gates." cerning cases of patent overlap- ping of effort. The main items of the program adopted were as follows: (b) As to what is needed to enlarge the economy and effectiveness of I. The appointment of a committee existing agencies for training consisting of representatives of the ministers. two or three Boards having the largest amount of work in a given (c) As to possible steps for providing nationality to gather all available in- periodicals in foreign tongues for formation concerning that nationality groups now unreached. on the following points: (d) As to the allocation of leadership 1. To ascertain the location, size, and in certain races to ascertain d~­ general characteristics of each nominations, with the aim, not that considerable group of the nation- any denomination shall be barred ality in question. fro111 any nationality, but that uni- fication of effort and leadership in each be secured so far as pos- sible.

(c) As to the assignment of groups now uncared for to the agency which may most fitly establish work among them.

TO HELP THE

The line of action thus indicated limited number of young Americans, may be called "modified denomi- and that men can be found who are nationalism." It does not contem- willing to give themselves to this plate union churches. All home mis- task and to fit themselves by resision executives are agreed as to the dence in foreign-speaking communiineffectiveness of this type of work. ties to do the' needed work. More Nor is it the purpose to ask any than this, a strong sentiment is rising denomination to pledge itself not to among home mission leaders in favor carryon work among any specific of union training-schools for minnationality. This would prevent put- isters. There is no visible reason ting in force the very obvious rule why each denomination which feels that the work in a given locality the obligation to attempt work on should be done by a denomination behalf of the great mass of Italians which has strong English-speaking in our land should maintain its own churches near at hand, whose aid can theological training-school. A single be enlisted. But it is purposed that strong enthusiastic faculty with a so far as possible each Board shall body of students large enough to specialize in the work among certain give fellowship and momentum will nationalities, and that in all cases produce the highest results. there shall be that sine qua non of cooperation-conference between a1 The whole task under discussion bodie:; concerned, and a conccrted bristles with difficulties. It furnishes planning for the whole field. a constant burden of anxiety to home mission execntives. As a mere The inquiry above described was matter of furnishing sectarian adpushed, and reports of utmost value vantage it has nothing to offer. -presented by peculiarly able stu- However vigorous may be the effort dents concerning the religious and so- put into it, however hopeful the recial conditions existing among the sults, they will constitute but a minor Poles, Bohemians, and Magyars- and inconspicuous feature of Ameriwere presented at the annual meeting. can Protestantism. Presumably long before large visible results are at- One very serious feature of the tained conditions will have so problem remains to be mentioned. changed that whatever has been 1t is quite idle for the Boards to at- achieved will be merged wholly or tempt an advance unless they can partly in the general life of the greatly increase their corps of effec- churches. But none of these considtive and devoted leaders. This in- erationsserve in the least to break volves the twofold necessity of en- the force of the solemn obligation listing the right men and training which rests upon l1S to seek to make them. It is a most baffling task. our neighbors who came from lands Not much can be reported in the where superstitIOn and priestcraft way of results. But prolonged study have had their perfect work, sharers has been given to the matter and a in the liberty wherewith Christ has certain amount of light appears on made us free and partakers of the ' the path ahead. In the first place grace which He bestows upon those it has been demonstrated that it is who trust Him. possible to make effective use of a

A "Jihad" Appeal to

TRANSLATION OF A RECENT CALL DISTRIBUTED TO THE MILLIONS OF ISLAM "Kill them: God will punish them in your hand and put them to shame; and ye will overcome them. He will rejoice the hearts of believers, and take away the wrath from the hearts of unbelievers." (Text of the Koran.) Oh ye faithful! Altho we are summoning you to a jihad, where is' your army? What do you wait for? The foe has summoned you on all sides with fire. See the House of God (Mecca), the point toward which all Islam turns; behold the sacred tomb of Mohammed, the object of the gaze of the faithful. Have you considered these matters? By your inaction and silence the enemy is gaining strength. What if these two sacred places s!lOuld be taken? . . .

How often have the savage Russians, the traitorous English, the French- men, born of impure parentage yet proud in their baseness, planted their un- clean flags upon your pure and holy mountains? How often have they seized you by your lifeless, spiritless feet and hands, and rolled you in the mire? Oh, you poor, helpless people of India, of the Oxus and of the orphan islands, of Tunis, and you wretched tribes of Turkey! Oh, Bokhara and Turkestan, dying under the bloody hand of Russia! Oh you falling mosques, overturned pulpits, crumbling minarets, the ornaments of the country, from which the voice of God has sounded forth; but where the proclamation of the Unity, which once made the mountains to tremble, is now heard only in whispers!

Go forth, ye Moslems, into the places of blood ami groans: there see the ruined countries of Islam, and learn a lesson. Look about you; every day the edifice erected hy Islam is being torn down stone by stone. Aside from the empire of Turkey, is there any prop left to Islam?

Oh ye people of the Unity! Read your history! Look at the despised graves of your kings! If you desire honor and glory, houris and damsels, behold all are awaiting you. Eternal joys, the shade ofgt::een trees, houris, angels are in the grasp of your sword. Think of these. Hut if you rather think of earthly things, know that weakness, dishonor, and oppression will surround you in this world like a ring of fire, and in the next world you will be cast out to live in torments. For if you throw down your arms and leave the battlefield you will bring upon your heads bitter anguish. Do you not understand this? You have become slaves of the people of the Cross. . . .

Behold! God has bestowed upon you a greater favor. The tears af the faithful for centuries past are bearing fruit. Your enemies are trembling under your hand. Attack them from every side. Vhenever you meet them, kill them. Quicken the failing proclamation of the Unity hy the fire of your rifles and cannon, and by the blows of your swords and knives. Cause the minarets and mountains and wildernesses to resound once more with the cry, "Allah 1 Allah I"

Jihad! Jihad! Oh, Moslems, blow the trumpet everywhere, of people of the Unity. The great God is ordering you to fight with your foes everywhere. God will put them to shame in your hands; He will give you the victory; He will quench the fire of their hate. Do not forget. God has purchased the souls and the property of the faithful. In exchange He gives you the houris and damsels of heaven, BY REV. ROBERT M. LABAREE, TABRIZ, PERSIA ERHAPS nothing will found a Christian population of about twelve thousand Armenians and SyrmP bett'er show the spirit ians, surrounded by a very much in which the war is larger number of Moslems. Three being waged in Persia months ago, when the Russian army than the recent mas- withdrew from this region, the sacre of Christians in greater number of Christians, realiz- Salmas. Certainly nothing more ing what would happen at the adclearly reveals the consequences of vance of the Turks and Kurds, fled injecting religious prejudices and ha- across the Aras river into Russian treds into the conflict which is ma- territory. A small portion of them king such havoc of the world. The alone remain:ed, secreted in the homes suffering and bloodshed on the plains of friendly Moslems, and scattered of France and Poland, where Chris- among the Mohammedan villages of tian is fighting Christian, are sicken- the plain. ing; but the horrors there are somewhat mitigated by some acknowledg- All that was left in the homes of ment of Christian ideals. But when the fleeing Christians was plundered. Moslem is arrayed against Christian, not only by the invading Kurds, but and a "jihad" or holy war is pro- even more by the inhabitants of the claimed by the followers of Moham- district, and the larger part of the med, all the elementary passions in booty is now hidden in the different man burst forth without check in sav- Moslem villages. The governor of age fury. this district, who is himself a Mo- hammedan, told me that he was sure Salmas, where I write, is only one that 90 per cent. of the Moslems here little spot in the world of Islam, and were implicated in this wholesale the forces involved in the conflict robbery. The Christians were the are inconsiderable and almost neg- most prosperous people of the comligible as compared with the multi- munity; so their houses were well tudes engaged in blood-letting else- furnished with all the comforts of an where. But small as the numbers are, Eastern home, and their stables were one can see what would happen if the filled with the best of cattle. They "jihad" should become general were naturally envied by their poorer throughout Moslem countries. Then ]foslem neighbors, who welcomed the wherever Mohamm~dan and Chris- popular doctrine that in the time of a tian communities touched one an- "j ihad" the property as well as the other the same awfulness of hate and lives of Christians is lawful prey to cruelty would be seen on an indefin- Mohammedans. itely larger scale. But property is a small considera- Salmas is a plain to the north of tion at such times. It was from Urumia in the extreme northwestern death–from death in its most hOl'ri·- corner of Persia, where is to be

ble forms, that the people fled. How army the day after the terrible deed well founded were their fears may be was perpetrated. But women else- seen in the recent events in the very where were not so fortunate. Take, town in which I am writing. Fa;- for example, the case of the large weeks the few who remained behind and prosperol1s village of Gulpashan, kept concealed in their various near U rumia. After the men of the hiding-places, most of them in' this village had been taken out and shot town of Dilman. They were secreted in cold blood, the women were given by Moslem friends, even against the over to the brutish will of their cap- pressure of the Turkish officials, who tors. Not a female, from the old with fiendish deten11ination sought women of seventy years down to the them out. As soon as it became little girls from seven to ten, es- known where the Christians were caped the savage lust of the fiends hidden, all the males, to the number in human form. None were spared; of aoout 750, were seized and gath- a fact that proves the crime was not ered at central points, from which the result of blind passion only, but they were taken to nearby villages, a deliberate purpose to dishonor aU bound together in twos and threes, Christian women.

and there were massacred with all Alas, such acts call forth similar the cruelty that human deviltry could acts of retribution on the part of invent. Eyes were torn out, mem- those who are called Christian, lint bers severed one by one, and parts who know not the gentleness and of the body flayed. Then all were love of Christ. There is here a band 'hacked to pieces, their bodies thrown of Armenian volunteers numberin5'

'into wells or stretched in rows under about 1,000 to 1,500 who are one ann walls which were pulled down upon of the Russian army. Smarting over them. The bodies of little boys as the massacres perpetrated on their well as of old men were found a few people in Turkey in past years, ;Lnd days later among the dead, all bear- still more over recent crimes, these 'ing marks of the awful tortures they men are burning to repay in like coin.

had endured. The, massacre was Vho can preach the theory that carried out with deliberateness and war is a benefit to humanity, that it cruelty worthy of a savage; but the develops the virile elements in men, man who planned it all was a Turk- and saves us from the self-indul- ish official who had studied in the gence that peace brings ? War in Roman Catholic College at Beirut, fact means only the calling forth of Syria. He was the son of a Jumer all that is hateful and fiendish in VaH of Van, who in the time of the man; and in no sort of conflict are massacres there had shown himself these qualities developed in more well disposed toward Christians. lurid fashion than in the miscalled * The most revolting features of the "holy wars" of the East.

"jihad" remain to be told. The women and girls whose fathers, "At least $100.000 are needed by the mission. brothers, husbands, had been thus aries in Persia to save the Christians from starv~ butchered, escaped an awful fate by in, in the mission compounds. Gifts may be sent to the REVIEW or to Spencer Trask & Co., New the timely arrival of the Russian York. marked for the "Persian Relief Fund."- EDITOR.

Missionary Dividends*

BY MR. eHAS. A. ROWLAND, ATHENS, GA.

Mr. Rowland spent five months last spring and summer in visiting mission stations in the Orient. He visited every Southern Presbyterian station in the East except three in China, and held twenty-five conferences with missionaries, seven conferences with native workers, and innumerable inteniews with ufficials, educational leaders, anel business men.

~. T HE missionaries of our centers far enough removed to prevent church in the East show rivalry, and to evangelize the province . that thev have a dear- uf Chekiang 1110rc speedily. cut understanding as 'JJ the territory they oc- Our investments in property are worth cupy. noting. In Japan, property-values are In Japall. Ve are at work in six rising so rapidly that it is a pity we did provinces. In four we work practical1y not buy more property years ago. For alonc. instance, in Tokushima, Mr. Logan's lot, which cost $r80 is worth to-day $3,750. In Korea. Ye arc located in two and his house which cost $600 would provinces-where 110 other church is at cost t9-day $2,000. work. In Korea, values are likewise going up III Chilla. Our territory is not su tremendously. Fortunately the missio'lisolated, except in :Torth Kiangsu prm'- aries purchased early and bought large incc. compounds, and the property to-day is worth many tilDes its original cost. J n In Micl-China, the work is more com- Kashing, China, Mr. Hudson bought a plicated, but a mutual understanding pre- large tract-old graves sites-at a small vails. In HangchoV, a city of a million, cost, and as a result we own there a five denominations are at work, and 1110st valuable compound. there is a union Evangelistic Committee, lhe purpose of which is to unite all the At our Birmingham Convention men Christian forces to present the Gospel to 1'ose up spontaneously and gave Dr. }. the entire city. The sphere of each V. Bradley Siro.ooo for a hospital. I church is divided by streets, and jf a saw how that money has been invested. church member moves over into another The hospital was built at a cost of section he moves his church letter as $6,000. the other $4.000 being put well. into a large compound, walls and out- buildings. Here is an investment that In Kashing we are in full possession for returns can hardly be excelled. The of the city and territory. When the records for the nine months previous to London Missionary Society came there our arrival show: Patlents treat:.:d, a few years ago our missionary, M1'. ]4,22r; Major operations under ether, Hudson, advised them to locate on the 207; Minor operations, 693; In-patients, east and leave Kashing to us. This they 330. The Executive Committee in agreed to do. When the Southern America appropriates only $50 per month Methodist came a little later they took for maintenance of this hospital. Can his advice to occupy Huchow to the you match that for dividends anywhere West, a large unoccupied center. So, in America? instead of three competing missions located in one station, we have three Recently there was built in Chatta- * From an addre~s at Charlotte and Dallas Conventions of the Presbyterian Laymen's ltIissionary Movement. DR …J W BRAOLEY's HOSPITAL SUT51EN CHINA COST $6.000 BEST TYPE MISSIONARY HOME.

SOONCHUN KOREA COST :J 2,500 CHI.IRCH KOB£: . .JAPAN COST ,'/) 750, 00 INVESTMENTS IN AMERICA AND ASIA nooga, Tennessee, a modern Southern evangelists could easily VISit all hi<; Presbyterian Church at a cost of $125,- churches and preaching stations more 000. The same amount invested in China than twice as often as he does now.

would put up twenty-one buildings like Here's your chance. The Japanese have Dr. Bradley's Hospital, or would introduced autos and have established purchase the land, build, and equip garages, so that it is easy to make use twelve such plants. There is more of a car. Figure out what investment money invested in this one church- this offers. After the initial cost of building at home than the Southern sending out the missionary has been Presbyterian Church has put into the en- met, and all his expenses while learning tire hospital equipment of its foreign the language, as weI! as his support for mission work. several years, you can double the man's The best type of missionary home in service and efficiency with one initial the foreign field is represented by onc outlay of $500. I saw this worked out located in the station at Soon Chun, in China, where one of our missionaries Korea. One man, Mr. George W. Watts, was given a motor-boat. In his provc., of Durham, N. provJdes for the ince canals' intersect the country and arc thirteen missionaries located at this sta- used everywhere instead of roads, ~o tion, and thus has the great satisfaction that now this man is able to get over of being instrumental in giving the his field twice as often as before. This Gospel to 225,000 Koreans. A mission- is a practical way for men at home to ary is allowed $2,500 for homes, so that link up with the field.

if the money spent for this one modern The liberality of our missionaries is church in America were put into nlls- noticeable everywhere. Out of their sionaries' homes abroad, sixty such slender means they give generously to homes could be built. many unprovided needs of the work, as One other comparison. The Sosai weI! as spending a!l of their time. Their Church at Kobe, Japan, was built at a willingness to bear personal discomforts cost of $750. It is a new, attractive and and their manifest love for the natives well-built edifice, the third put up for was seen over and over again, and these this church, as it had grown so in nUiTl- qualities far more than offset the weak- bers that new buildings were necessary. nesses and failings of some. They are The amount invested in the modern a splendid body of men and women.

church in America would build 166 such I have returned from Asia with the chapels in the Orient. If we are willing to conviction that during the next five give thousands of dollars for magnificent years we are destined to see a wonderful churches here, why not also buy Ull growth and development in the Chris- some investments in the Orient? Our tian church of the Far East. This con- modern church plant in this country is viction deepens day by day as I recall used only a few hours a week, while our numbers of earnest Oriental Christians mission plants in the Orient are used whom I met and talked with face to day after day, many of them twenty- face. They know Jesus Christ. He is four hours in the day. to them a reality. They love Him, and their testimony is being given daily and A Unique Investment gladly, and it is unanswerable. It costs Would you }ike to double the efficiency a man something to be a Christian over of a missionary? You can do it with a there, and because of those noble men few hundred dollars. The roads in and women who have been tested and Japan and Korea are magnificent, and found true, the progress of the Church with a small motor car everyone of our in the mission fields is assured. SOME EPISCOPAL ESKIMO CHURCH-MEMBERS IN THEIR UNDERGROUND HOUSE -(From The Spirit of MissiotlS)

the Top of the Continent*

BY THE REV. A. R. HO.RE, POINT HOPE, ALASKA Missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church The simplicity of this story makes it all the more stIrring. A journey of a thousand miles inside the Arctic Circle during the continuous winter night is no small undertaking. Two thoughts are with us as we read: how admirable it is that by the addition of a lay helper Mr. Hoare has been set free to enlarge the sphere of his usefulness. and how trivial are the hardships of which most of us complain!

IX years have elapsed sighted the hunters turned out to help unhitch and tie up the dogs, while the mS since Eskimos, living on women bustled inside to make warm the the coast three and four igloo in order that our traveling gear hundred mile, above might be dried out. Point Hope, visited the mission and requested As soon as we had eaten our meal. baptism. At that time, knowing that cooked on a little Primus oil stove. the they were not sufficiently instructed. I people gathered to hear what the misrefrained from baptizing. but promised sionary had to tell them. From that time that I would endeavor to visit and in- until late at night they scarcely stirred, struct them in the near future. Circum- listening to the Gospel story. The roofs stances rendered this impossible until the of the igloos were so 10w that it was imarrival of an assistant last summer to possible to stand upright, and minister take charge of the school at Tigara freed and people were compelled to kneel durme, and enabled me at the beginning of ing the baptisms. The peop'e were so November to start with an Eskimo com- crowded that it was difficult to move panion and dog-team to visit along the around in order to baptize, but no sense coast as far as we could reach. Our plans of incongruity was present. Ali were provided that we should return to Point deeply in earnest, and realized the so- Hope before Christmas. in order to leave len111ity of the professions they were time to visit. during the latter part of making. the winter, Eskimo settlements scattered 50:'> miles south of the Point. J have been reading Mr. Stefansson's book. "My Life Among the Eskimos," The sea-ice had not yet come in and and am sorry to see the statement that there was very little snow on the ground, the Christianized Eskimos have' no conso that it was necessary to haul the sled ception of the real meaning of Chrisover the nigger-heads of the tundra and tianity or baptisrr" and retain ali their the jagged rocks of the Lisburne cliffs old beliefs. As regards the Eskimos of for the first sixty miles-work that was the Northwestern coast, this statement is hard both for man and beast! From that wholly inaccurate. True, certain superpoint the traveling was delightful, sea- stitions of which Mr. Stefansson speaks ice, with numerous lagoons along the did formerly obtain among these people, shore, enabling us to make our forty and no doubt do now exist among those miles a day in six or seven hours' travel. so-called Christianized Eskimos who, as Mr. Stefansson admits, have never come Word had been passed along to expect into personal contact with a missionary, us, so that we found, at various points, a but to my certain knowled~e these supernumber of natives gathered together waiting for us. As soon as we were 11" From The Spirit of j,l1issions.

stitions have been rejected by practically return trouble awaited us. The wind aU south of Barrow. changed, and an almost continuous bliz- zard drove in our faces for twenty-nine When we reached the Icy Cape La- days. The ice was blown away out to goon, a stretch of water or ice 100 miles sea, there could be no travel on the long and from two to three wide, the beach, and the lagoons were all flooded, going was all that could be desired. The owing to the great rise in the sea-level. sun was preparing for his winter's sleep, Our traveling had to be on the tundra and lazily floated up above the horizon, nigger-heads and over the hills. The like a large, round fire-balloon, illumin- sun had retired in disgust, and even the ating the surroundings with gorgeous winter twilight was of no avail, owing coloring, only to sink back exhausted to the blizzarJ. We were forced to after his brief exertion. There was very travel for some distance on the Icy Cape little wind, and just enough frosted snow Lagoon through the water; lost our way on the ice to give the dogs a footing. in the darkness and got switched up a Twenty-five miles from Icy Cape we no- river, and had to strike a compass directiced a sled putting out from the oppo- tion across country. Our dog-food gave site side of the Lagoon to intercept us. out, and no more could be obtained. OUf Waiting, we found it brought two Es- own food was very scanty, and we fed kimo men and a little girl. They had all we could to the dogs, but they wtre been watching for us; had been present terribly weak, gaunt, and emaciated. at our camp two days previously. Had listened to the instruction, but left early Travel over Cape Beaufort was both for their homes. For many years they difficult and dangerous; a side hill with had lived bad lives. It turned out that an angle of forty-five degrees, and hard they were a source of fear to the other snow, intersected by ravines, some deep, Eskimos. They had heard the teachings some shallow, of which it was impossible of missionaries, but did not believe, but to judge the depth, owing to darkness 1 while going home and discussing what We held our breath as the dogs plunged they had heard, they had come to realize down. One dog went mad in the bliztheir sin, and were desirous of leading zard, and we had to shoot him; but a better lives. "Would I baptize them merciful Providence was watching over now. and the little girl?" us, and we reached home December 26th, having been unable, in spite of all ex- Icy Cape and Wainwright, distant ertions, to get back in time for Christsixty-five miles, each have a population mas. During the trip, sixty-nine persons of about I So. Practically all at Icy were baptized and four couples married. Cape have been baptized, and those at The distance traveled was I,OOO miles. Wainwright are desirous of receiving baptism. Icy Cape is 250 miles from We were met by the sad news that a Point Hope and Wainwright 3I5. These small schooner, returning with a stock people ought not to be neglected. of goods for Point Hope, had been lost at sea during the latter part of October. From here to Point Barrow, the most Supplies for the mission were on board, northern point of the American con- and we fear that all letters sent from the tinent, traveling was good, with the ex- States from the middle of August to the ception of a two days' detention on ac- middle of September were lost. count of a head-on blizzard; but on our You are wfltmg a Gospel, Men read what you write, A chapter each day. Whether faithless or true. By deeds that you do, Friend: What is the Gospel By words that you say. According to you?

Indians as Christians *

REV. J. M. CORNELISON IjJI MAGINE Jesus saying. that time, I have never heard the slight- "Go ye, therefore, and est criticism as to his sincerity and de- votion; but on every hand unstinted , make disciples of all the praise for his stedfastness and zeal. In nat ion s, except the North American Indians, his home he holds family worship night _ the Red Men, for they and morning. He loves and is loved in will not make good disciples, since they return by his own, and is highly re- are savage and treacherous, and go back spected by his white neighbors. In the readily to their old Ii fe." Let me dis- church from time to time he holds dif- illusion any who have such an idea of ferent offices of influence in the socie- the Indians. ties, being president of the Temperance a Exhibit A. He was debauched and Society now. As a farmer he is succes's- debaucher in every vile sense of the word, ful, farming his own land and renting indulging in all the old customs of the others. He pays his debts to a penny.

Indian race, together with the newer He is a physical Hercules, not fearing vices of the white man. He was a leader to wrestle with the world's champion, in these things, and the story of it was' Frank Gotch, whom he almost threw off written alI over his wild, coarse face. the stage. He is growing to be more Now and then he attended church, and and more a spiritual power, a leader in heard the Gospel story, and observed its Christian service, and a Sabbath-school power in the lives of others. His wife teacher among his people. Such was, was a Christian. During or folIo wing one but now is, Parsons Motanic.

of his drunken carousals about seven Exhibit B. He was the most trifling, years ago, from which he came much good-far-nothing, drunken Indian, mean used up, this man got some 50rt of a to his neighbors and family. I confess moral kick. The new man simply over- that my patience many times was at the came and supplanted the old man. Then ragged edge. I am his neighbor. He the invitation was extended one Sunday couldn't be trusted with six bits to go to about that time, as is always our custom town, unless it meant a debauch, a jail in the experience meeting, this man came sentence, or a fine for his wife or some forward and said: "1 have been a bad friend to pay. When he was himself man. In all kinds of wickedness, danc- he attended church and heard the Gos- ing, gambling, drinking and adultery, pel fairly regularly. About seven years make it as bad as you can, I have sur- ago, in the same quiet way, the Gospel passed any of my friends in it all. But message touched him. He was a little now I am determined, God helping me, shaky at first, but gradually the grip to stop that way, and from this time on tightened. As I see that man to-day in to be on the side of Jesus, to follow Him, the beauty and fulness of his Chris- and to be found with Christian people. tian life, I can hardly repress the ex- All my money I have squandered in the clamation, "Oh, the depths of the riches ways of sin, when my wife and family of the love of God .which is in Christ needed it, but now I will invest it for Jesus our Lord!" As a Christian man their good." As a Christian man since he is a marvel to even the white skep- 'From The Assembly Herald.

tics. Tall and straight in physique, he ciety, exercised their citizenship with a is just as tall and straight morally. He vim. It was a solid dry vote, and helped commands their respect. He is the most to roll up the 34,000 majority in the State devoted man to his family that I ever for a dry Oregon. In the Spaulding knew in any race. As I remember how Memorial 11ovement, to erect a monuhe helped to nurse his wife back from ment over the grave of this pioneer misdeath's door, and recall his tenderness sionary and co-laborer of the martyr, and thoughtfulness in it all, it seems a Dr. Marcus Whitman, they were deeply miracle. He is the sweetest-tempered, interested, and observed the special d'ay slowest to anger, most patient man I along with the other churches of Oregon, know. He is an honored elder in the and contributed to it, In all the benevchurch, also a trustee. Both Indian and olent work of the church at large they white friends would trust him with any- take an interest. They are zealous to thing. He studies his Bible regularly, help in the evan:selization of their Inand teaches a Sabbath-school class. I dian brethren, both here and on other love him dearly as a brother in Christ, reservations. Locally they prepare big as a child of the Faith, and as a neigh- dinners, where hundreds attend in midbor he is indispensable. Such was, hut summer, at Thanksgiving, and New now is, Allen Patawa. Year's. Bands of them go to other re- servations to help in evangelistic ser- So I might go on to tell of other men vices. They love their church and its who have been gript as firmly by the services, and do not forget the assemsame Gospel message, and who show it in bling of themselves together for wortheir daily Christian lives. The lives of ship. To facilitate this worship at stated these men and wOaJen have been such a times when encamped about the church, religious and moral asset and influence many have built little one or two-roo:ned in the life of the whole reservation that houses in which to live and entertain the tone and moral standards of all have their friends. To offset the encamp:llent been elevated; Catholics are better of the wild Indians in July, with all its Catholics, and non-Christians are better orgies and immoralities, the Christians citizens. There are also women who maintain an encampment with different have "labored with me in the Gospel," features each year. Temperance was at and their labors have be~n tireless, They the. front this year. Thus they endeavor are saints and mothers in Jsrael, many to show to all that they are "the salt of of whom were Christians long before the earth" and "the light of the world," their husbands. The Christian Indians as their Master bids them to be, So I hear see and understand most social and phil- the Master say, "Go ye, therefore, and arithropic movements in their right per- make disciples of all the nations, and of spective, just as their white friends do. the North American Indians, too, for They are making fine progress in every their sturdy traits of character are an line of activity and are exceedingly am- earnest that they will make the best of bitious for their children, For example, disciples." The Gospel for the race is in the recent election, especially in the the great requirement, for there is need wet and dry issue on the ballot in Ore- only that it be interpreted in the terms gon, the Indian men and women, mem- of Christian living and that it be bers of the church and Temperance So- preached in sincerity and in love.

"What tbe Indians need is more religion and less firewater," said the grandson of Sitting Bull.

"Ve have started on God's road now, because God's road is the same for the red man as for the white man."-Chief LOlle Wolf.

In Time of War*

BY TIlE REV. ANDREW MURRAY, D.D.

"I exllort that, tirst of all, sl'.pplications, prayers, intercessions, be made for all men; for kings, and for all that are in anthority; llla! we m~y lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty. . . . I will therefore that men pray everywhere, li fting np holy hands." (1 Tim. ii, 1, 2, R.) – mT HE apostle Paul is going the impending judgment of Sodom. Vith – to deal with the impor- what object? That He might arouse tant questions c011necte(1 within him the spirit of humble but bold with the charge of a intercession. God wanted to teach him church. He mentions, that H (' 'i('ould listen to his intercession, first of all, the call to and give an answer. It was Abraham's prayer. That is to him one of the chief prayer that resclled Lot. marks of the Christian life, the true secret and test 0 f its reality and truth, 'hen Moses, time after time, prayed the proof that it has power with God in for Pharaoh', was this an unmeaning heaven. He asks specially for interces- show? Or was it to teach that God's sion, "that we may iead a quiet and servant should not only have the right to peaceahle life in all godliness and hon- bring His message to men, but the right, esty." In the thought of persecution or too, to ask and to promise the mercy of war, prayer wiII sncceed in gaining a the Cod who:n he proclaims. It was quiet and peaceable life as "goorl and even so when, twice over, God threatened acceptable in the sight of God." The to cast off Israel. In answer to Moses' old divines said: "eml rules the world (Ietermination rather to die than to see by the prayers of His saints." The Cod reject 1srael, God sparerl the people. words of Paul lead us to the question: Moses was to know that, of all the honor that was put upon him. this was the a Have we right. in this present war, chief and the highest-that God should listen to his 'i'oice alld fulfil his desires. definitely to ask Gud to give peace in answer to the prayer of His people? In the leaders and kings and prophets See what Scripture teaches us. of Israel we have more than one in- stance that at the voice of a man God 'hen Cod made :c1a'u in Ilis image. gave deliverance and blessing, even when it was that he, like Go~l, should be a He was ready to punish the people. Think king. God's viceroy, ruling and having of what Ezekiel says (xxii: 30) (cf. Isa. dominion over the world that God gave Iix: 16; lxii:6, 7; lxiii: 5; Ixiv:7) him. When Adam fell, God did not re- -"I sought for a man among them that voke His promise, but sought in the men should stand in the gap before Me for whom He chose for His servants to cul- the land, that I should not destroy it, but tivate the consciousness of the voice I fOllnd none." Here we have the great thct they Z( o1l1d ha'ue here on earth in the danger, to destroy the land; the only counsels of heaven, and so to train them hope, an intercessor; the terrible disapas kings and pri"~ls for the great work pointment, "I found no man"; and the of intercession and blessing. final verdict, "Therefore have I poured out My indignation." When God said of Abraham His friend, "Shall I hide from Abraham The lesson reveals God's character what I do ?" He resolved to tell him of *From The South African Pioneer.

and purpose,' and gives us the assurance Is this prayer too bold-beyond the that when His servants on earth draw reach of a child of Adam? Does not nigh with one accord with definite be- God allow men like Napoleon, in virtue lieving requests, mercy will triumph over of that kingly power of rule that He gave judgment. Let us deal with the question to Adam, but which has been so degraded as definitely and pointedly as we can. by sin, to undertake war by which mil- 11ay we ask for a speedy peace? vVould lions of lives are either sacrificed or not Christ give the answer: "According plunged into the depths of suffering and to your faith, be it unto you"? sorrow? If He allows this, will He not much rather allow one or more of the vVhat the Old Testament teaches us men of His Royal Priesthood to bring is all embodied in Christ Jesus. As Son peace and blessing to the suffering milof man He had to identify Himself with lions? Will not the prayer, "In the the race of Adam that He might be heir midst of wrath, remember mercy," made of the kingdom that Adam had lost. in the name of Christ, secure the bless- When He had accomplished His work, ing? and rose to the throne of Heaven, where He ever liveth to intercede, He left His Let us yield ourselves for the work of people, the members of His' body, here intercession to that Holy Spirit who can on earth, to carryon along z( ith Him the teach us to discover what the promise 'U'ork of intercession, and to unite in and the power of God hold out to us. bringing before God the needs of the It is not a simple, easy thing to offer our 'U'orld. vVhen we fully abide in Him, souls as a living sacrifice on behalf of keeping His commandments, and pray- our fellow men. But in the power of ing in His name, in answer to our pray- Christ it is a fruitful and most blest ers, He will do greater things through work. us than He did here upon earth. Let us take up the song of the an- Shall we not individually seek to meet gels: "Clary be to God in the Highest! God in Christ in secret with the fervent On earth peace, and good-will toward petition: "0 God, we beseech Thee, bring men." Then let us make vows that by by Thy almighty power this war to an His grace we shall yield ourselves' more end, and graciously give a speedy peace." than ever to testify to all of what our Let us remember that, for the man who God is and what His claims are, and stands in the breach in the name of the blessedness of His service, and make Christ, God is willing to do' great things. His kingdom, by His almighty grace, as Let the prayer be according to God's never before, the one object of our un- Word <lay and night, the unceasing ceasing, fervent intercession, binding habit of a soul that has given itself to heaven and earth into one at the foot plead with God, and to give Him no of His throne. rest; to stir up one's self to take hold of Him and to say-the words are pro- o Holy Father, teach us to pray; teach vided for us in God's Book: "I will not let Thee go except Thou bless me." us to believe; teach us to wait on Thee alone. 0 God of peace, for Chri~t's sake, give peace in our time.

A PRAYER FOR MISSIONS IN TIME OF WAR o God, who alone dost control the issues of this war, grant that peace and good-will may be established among Christians at home, and that the law of love which Christ thy Son has taught us may become the law of all the nations of the earth. Look upon those in the Mission Field who are suffering in this time of strife, and grant to us and to them an increased spirit of faith and love, so that the work of thy Church may be advanced and thy Kingdom established upon earth, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen,-(S. P. G.)

DEDADTMENT

OF BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK THE DEVOTIONAL SERVICE OF THE MISSIONARY MEETING (. JTJ.HE devotional service of "What shall I do with those girls?" the missionary meeting exclaimed the earnest young president of a young woman's missionary circle who affords a great oppor- was making a visit and had just received a letter from home. "Mother says the tunity for deepening last meeting was very small. Nhen I am at home to drum them up they turn I spiritual life. And deep- out very well, but when I am away the bottom drops out. I believe I'll resign." ening spiritual Ii fe is The trouble was that this young presithe most effective of all missionary dent had been placing too much depend- ence on personal urging and social atmethods-by far the best method of solv- tractions. Some interest had sprung up, but not much of it was of the heroic, ing every problem of the missionary en- self-sacrificing variety that is true to its duties no matter who is at the helm. The terprise. John R. Mott's word in regard remedy in such a case is the develop- ment of the spirit of personal accountto raising missionary money applies ability to God, and it is possible to do this, as the BEST lfETHODS editor knows equally well to other phases of the work. frpm experience, through the devotional service. "Supreme among the methods for se- The three elements in such services– curing money," he says, "is that of pro- the Bible. prayer, and sacred songl-have a power that is irresistible: bnt very few moting the spiritual Ii fe of the people. missionary workers are making full use of them. The average leader of a mis- Ahundant, cheerful, self-denying giving' sionary meeting (pastors no less than laymen and women) hurries through the is not the product of even the best-de- devotional service in order to make room for the lit('rary and social featur('s that vised human methods-altho, without follow. Too often prayer is offered largely because it is the proper thing to doubt, it is the will of God that we make do, and a p.assage from the Bible, hastily selected at the last minute, is read in an a reverent use of the best methods'-but unimpressive, perfunctory manner. AI- of a deep, spiritual movement in the 1 E?ttended articles on these subjects, with many practIcal suggestions, were printed in THE MIS~ heart. Whatever is done to make Christ SIONARY REVIEW in 1903·-"The Bible in th. Mis- sionary Meeting," in April; "Prayer in the Mismore of a reality to Christians and get sionary Meeting," in May; and ":Music in the Mis.. sionary Meeting," in June. them to render to Him a larger obe- dience-to make Him, indeed, the Lord of their lives-strikes at the heart of the financial problem of missions in the most effective manner. Doctor A. J. Gordon, whose church in Boston was such a mis- sionary force, said toward the close of his life: 'I am tempted never to beg a cent for God again, but rather to spend my energy in getting Christians spiri- tualized, assured that they will then be- come liberalized.' "

Deepening the spiritual life will win men as well as money, and will promote prayer, arouse interest in· the work, and increase attendance on missionary meet- ings.

most invariably when the BEST METHODS instances–a mere husk of real worship, editor makes the principal address at a a cumberer of the program-time, is the meeting, the leader asks, "Is there any lack of careful and prayerful planning of special passage of Scriptur<:: you would this feature, which would make it, as it Iike to have rearl?" Sometimes this is should he, of prime importance on our done out of courtesy, but in a majority yearly programs. of cases it is only too evident that no preparation has been made for the de- First of all, let us have carefully sevotional service whatever. lected and connected subjects for such meetings, definitely assigned long ahead Strengthening the Devotional Service" of time. Let the Bible study be actual study, not merely the formal concert- BY MRS. S. H. ASKEW reading of a passage chosen at random on the very day of the Pleeting. Ld the That sort of a "devotional" has your twelve meetings of your society during missionary society? Is it only the cold, the year add to your clear and definite brief-to-lifeless hymn, prayer, and Bible- knowledge of the Bible-that Book so reading, "just to open the meeting?"- wondrously rich in beautiful things to the usual "ten minutes we must allow study, susceptible of so many fascinating for the devotional," to which few attend ways of study. It is never tiresome if in spirit even if by chance they are really studied. No yawns will embarrass prompt enough to attend in body-is your devotional leader eluring a real such your "devotional?" Does the real Bible study. The business and even the and lively interest of the members be- information features of the program may gin after the "necessary devotional," seem a bit flat after such a service, but with the business of the day? Have you the devotional half-hour will prove all never comforted yoursel f as you hurried too short for the glorious good things, in ten minutes late with, "IVell , I'll only that will fairly crowd for attention out miss the devotional." of Cod's 'ord.

Friends, what is it we arc thus lightly Second, let us have sufficient time for passing over with idle indifference, or at this service-a full half-hour seems none best, hurried carelessness? Why is it so too long for Bible study, prayer, and many mind so little missing the "de- praise-God-appointed channels for the votional" of the meeting? :Vhat is the inflow to our needy souls of His aldevotional of 'Your society? mighty wisdom, love, al1cl power. Twenty minutes can he made to "do," but thirty' Sometimes I almost long for a strong, is better, with fifteen for husilcE'«, and new name for this feature of worship in twenty to thirty more for information. our women's meetings. a name to awaken us to the strength and light and life-giv- Third, let your hy111I1S and prayers be ing power such worship might be for us grouped around your Bible subject. Your at every devotional service. I long for a hearts will long to express themselves new vision of what Bible study and after the light of heaven has streamed prayer and praise, together, may mean into your souls through God's Word. for us', individually and as societies. Fourth, let your devotional subj ect I believe one great reason the devo- have a definite and practical bearing on tional service has become-in so many your other subjects for study, or on your own particular problems as a society. 2 Reprinted from The ~fissioll,ary SUrL'ev. The Make them fit your needs, then they will Woman's Auxiliary of the Southern Presbyterian meet those needs. Church is putting special emphasis on the Devotional Service. Besides this article, Mrs. Askew Does your society lack genuine interis the author of several excellent leaflets bear- est in missions along certain lines? Have ing on the subject. "The Devotional in the Missionary Society,H which may be obtained from the a Woman's Auxiliary, Peachtree and Tenth Streets, Atlanta, Ga., for 2 cents copy, is full of helpful suggestions.-B. M. B.

OF BEST METHODS

you some members not quite sure they and the late-comers straggling in caused believe in some one phase of your work? so many interruptions that it was impos- Here is your surest remedy-let in the sible to secure undivided attention, no light of God's vVord. There is no answer matter how impressive the devotional to a "thus saith the Lord" for a Chris- service was made. So she adopted the tian woman. plan, new to her, of beginning with prayer and then taking up the business Twelve half-hours of a prayerful, of the day. By the time this was over, planned-for Bible study together will practically all who were coming had ardo more than any other thing we can de- rived and were comfortably seated. Then vise towarcl solving our problems, fill- she began t~ devotional service, making ing our souls with a great love for a it as impressive as she could. There was suffering world and for our victorious a hrief, tho strong, study of God's 'Nord, Savior, and planting within us a daunt- and quiet, unhurried waiting on God in less determination to do nothing less prayer. The result was even beyond than our best to give Him to this suffer- what she had hoped for. ing world. Is this not God's own plan for us? Then let us try it no ,[' ! Meanwhile, on the other side of the world a group of missionaries in China A NEW ORDER OF EXERCISE was trying the same experiment with equal success. Through the kindness of It has always been customary to place the Rev. Charles E. Ewing, missionary the devotional service at the beginning of the American Board in China, we of the missionary meeting. Theoretically learned of this at Silver Bay last sumthis is correct. All service, to be ac- mer. ceptable, should begin with the worship of God. "At the annual meeting of our North China Mission, which lasts one week," Yet in these busy days, when we are so he said, "the devotional service had alcareless about coming on time, the ques- ways been placed at the beginning of tion of securing an uninterrupted period each session. The result was that only of quiet for the devotional service has about half the members were present to become a matter of grave concern. It participate in it. Some cut it altohas puzzled many a missionary leader, gether and others came in late, thereby not only of women's and young people's disturbing the quiet. At last the promeetings but of the church missionary gram cO!1111li ttee took the liberty 0 f prayer service as well. From several changing the oreler and placing the desources, each acting without the knowl- votional set'Vice in the middle of the edge of the others, the solution has come sessIOn. The results were even beyond of beginning the meetings with prayer, what had been hoped for, and everybody but postponing the regular de votional was so delighted with the new order that service until some later period in the pro- it was made a permanent thing, the rules gram. being changed to provide for it.

A year or' so ago a new president was "The advantages of the change are as elected in a missionary society that was follows: in bad shape, both in regard to interest and attendance. She is a deeply spiri- "I. Everybody is present for the devotual woman, and felt that one of the tional service. greatest powers she could use in lifting up this dying society was the strong "2. Absolute quiet reigns', with no disdevotional use of Bible study and prayer turbance. in the meetings. But only a small proportion of the members came on time, "3· In important discussions a place is reached where great need is felt for prayer, yet under the old plan there was

no time to give to it, and it was hard to I. A large proportion of the societies get into the spirit of it." represented do not include the devotional service in their programs. This does not Still another testimony to the value of mean, of course, that it is omitted, but changing the place of the devotional ser- merely that it is taken for granted that vice is to be found in the skeleton year- such a service will be held, and that it is books recently compiled by Miss Emma 110t necessary to make special mention Roberts for the Woman's Auxiliary of of it. In such societies the service is the South Presbyterian Church. In the usually brief and unimportant, and the excellent programs provided for in this president, as a rule, leads them all. little booklet the new order is observed throughout. Provision is made for prayer 2. Of the societies that include the and the singing of a hymn at the be- devotional service in the printed proginning of each meeting. Business fol- gram the large majority give the name lows, and after it the regular devotional of a special leader for each program. service, consisting of a hymn, a Scripture lesson, and a season of prayer. Making the Prayer Service Effective'

A Word About Leaders A WORD TO LEADERS Who shall lead the devotional service? 1. Do not wait until the hour of the The pastor, in the church missionary meeting to ask the members to take part prayer meeting? The president, in the in prayer. Ask them weeks ahead. It woman's missionary society? The chair- requires quiet meditation to prepare for man of the missionary committee, in the public prayer. young people's society? 2. In asking those who have never led The answer is the same for all-Who- in public prayer, do not make the re- ever is best fitted for the task, be it pas- quest before others. This makes it easy tor, president, chairman of the mission- to say, perhaps with a laugh. "Oh. I ary committee, or individual members. could never do that." Arrange to meet them alone. and make it a matter of Shall one person lead all the devo- conscience. They may refuse, of course. tional services or shall a different but it will not be with a laugh. Do not leader be appointed for each meeting? ask for an immediate answer. Tell them There is much to be said on both sides. to wait and talk with the Heavenly Father before letting yOU know. Such "If one person who realizes its im- qt1i~,t talks often bring the answer, ''I'll port,"3 says Mrs. Raymond, "has entire try. charge of the devotional part of the meetings for the year, it will be the most 3. Help beginners by arranging for carefully planned feature, every verse three or four brief prayers or for a of Scripture, every hymn, every prayer chain of sentence prayers. Many who contributing to the one aim of the pro- have begun in this way have developed gram." into prayer leaders of very great power.

On the other hand, if there are many A WORD TO MEMBERS who are capable of "rightly dividing the word of truth," it would seem wise to let I. When asked to take part in public them do it in turn. prayer, do not refuse, but go at once to your closet, shut the door, and tell your The BEST METHODS editor has a large Heavenly Father your weakness and number of year-books of missionary so- fear. cieties that she has been collecting for years. A study of these reveals the fo!- 2. Ask Him to fill your mouth with lowing facts: suitable words. As you go about your daily duties, whenever the work of the 3 See "The King's Business." by Maud W. Ray~ meeting comes into your mind, lift your mond. page 230. heart to God and continue to ask Him to help you.

3. Look up instances of prayer in the Bible, and just before starting for the meeting, go away again by yourself. If you will only thus try, the result will be right.

• Adapted and arranged from a leaflet by Mrs. E. :McEwen. of the Woman's Board of Foreign MisM sions of the Canadian Presbyterian Church.

Series of Topics Myself"; February, The Prophecies; March, Giving; April, Our Guide; May, Judging from the year-books, the God's Calls and Men's Answers. number of societies that assign special topics for the devotional service of the Several societies used the following se- missionary meeting is very small, and ries of topics on "The Genesis of Mis- the number using series of related topics sions," given in THE MISSIONARY RE- still smaller. The average missionary VIEW in April, 1903, page 284: society is, thel'efore, losing a great op- portunity for systematic and helpful L The Missionary Covenant. Genesis (tho necessarily brief) study of God's xxii: 18. Word. Some societies, however, are alive to the possibilities of the devo- 2. Missionary Messages of the Prophtional service and their year-books con- ets. tain suggestions well worth adopting. 3. Missions in the Hebrew Hymn-book Along the line of related topics, studies (The Psalms). of the women of the Bible seem to be especial favorites in women's societies. 4. The Messiah Missionary. The characters studied include Ruth and 5. Missionary Keynotes of the First Naomi; Lydia; Esther; Deborah; Dor- Christian hymns (The Benedictus, Luke cas; Mary and Martha; Mary the i: 68-79; The Annunciation to the Shep- Mother of our Lord; Hannah, the Model herds, Luke ii: 10-12; The Nunc Dimittis, Missionary Mother; Miriam the Singer; Luke ii : 29-32. The Ideal Woman of the Bible; The 6. The Great Commission. Widow and her Mite; The Little Syrian 7. The Birthday of Christian Missions Maid; The Shunamite Woman; The (Pentecost) . Widow of Zarepta; The Woman of 8. The Divine Program of Missions, ~amaria; The Nomen Friends of Jesus; Acts i: 8. Paul's Helpers in the Gospel; Eunice and 9. The City Missionary Period, Acts Lois. ii: 42-viii : l. 10. The Home Missionary Period, Acts An excellent series on the offices and viii-xii. person of Christ was used by the Wo- 11. The Foreign Missionary Period, Acts man's Foreign Missionary Society of xiii-xxviii. Grace M. E. Church, Rockford, Ill. The 12. Missionary Messages of the Epistles. twelve topics were as follows: I. Christ the Child; 2. Christ the Man; 3. Christ The following topics used by the the Son of God; 4. Christ the Healer; 5. Young Woman's Missionary Society Christ our Teacher; 6. Christ our King; of the Second Presbyterian Church, 7. Christ the Servant; 8. Christ the Springfield, Ohio, is worthy of commen- Prophet; 9. Christ our Leader; 10. Christ dation because of their appropriateness, our Shepherd; I I. Christ our Savior; 12. in some cases for the special month to Christ the Light of the World. which they were assigned; in others, to the general topic of the program. They Another excellent series, not closely have evidently been selected with unconnected, yet timely and calculated to usual care. be a real spiritual help, was used by the Woman's Missionary Association of the lune–"Thoughts from the First Sermon First Church, United Brethren of Christ, in America in the Nati'e Tongue.'" (Out- Fostoria, Ohio. It is as follows: Oc- door meeting in the park.) tober, Tithing; November, Praise; December, The Great Christmas Gift; Jan- luly-"God's Choice." r. Cor. i: 26-29. uary (New Year) Consecration-"Me, August-"Ca'rey's Motto" (Carey's birth-month) : "Attempt great things for God, Expect great things from God."

5 Eliot's sermon to the Indians on Ezekiel 37: 9, 10. Nothing could be more appropriate for an outdoor meeting. See HPioneers and Foun· ders," by Chadotte 1.1. Yonge.

September-"Great Men of God," led by made for a hymn, the reading of the the pastor. (Evening meeting, with the Bible, and prayer. The closing service men invited.) consisted of a hymn, the recitation in unison of a singIe text of Scripture, dif- Octooer-"The Birthday of Christian ferent for each meeting, and the Lord's Missions." Prayer, also in unison. Both creed and texts were printed in the year-book, but N ovember-"How much owest thou unto they could also be printed or written on my Lord?" (Thanksgiving.) a blackboard or sheet of cardboard. The creed, slightly changed to adapt it to December-"The First Christmas Gifts." both home and foreign missions, was as (Christmas.) follows: January-"The prospect is as bright as We believe In God the Father and in the promises of God." (New Year's out- Jesus Christ his Son, our Lord. look.) We believe it is our duty to proclaim February-"The Divine Program of to all, at home and abroad, the message Missions." of salvation that God has provided through the death of His Son. March-"The Syro-Phoenician Woman." April-"The King's Business requireth We, therefore, promise to send the haste." (Annual meeting with reports of Bread of Life by the hands of our misthe year's work.) sionaries, to all who have it not.

Concert Wark We promise to pray for our mission- aries. "Can you remember any devotional service, either in connection with your Ve promise to do all in our power for own meetings or the church missionary the spread of the Gospel in the whole prayer service, that has made a deep im- earth that Christ's Kingdom may come. pression on your heart and mind?" the BEST METHODS editor asked the secretary A MISSIONARY PRAYER SERVICE of a woman's missionary meeting in a Baptist church not long ago.. PREPARED BY MRS. EDWIN C. GRICE, "No," she replied, after a few mo- PHILADELPHIA, PA. ments thought, "I don't believe I can." Then, after thinking again, she added, Editor of "The Church Prayer League Leaflet" "At our last meeting Mrs. H .. who led the devotional service for us, did not read (This service is arranged to cover misa passage from the Bible as is custom- sionary work as a whole, but it can be ary, but asked us all to repeat the Great readily adopted to the needs of any given Commission (Mark 16: IS) in u·nison. field. Vhere a given district or mission This imprest me, and others also of is considered, the names of workers and our women." places should be mentioned, and definite needs presented. The 1110re personal an.d Concert work of this kind was made a real the intercession, the more full 0 f strong feature of a series of home and power it may become. foreign missionary programs issued for women's missionary societies some years The leader shou:d carefully prepare in ago by Mrs. A. B. Houston and Mrs. advance the plan that is to be carried out. Howard Eckert of Cincinnati, Ohio. In Four helpers should be chosen, care being these very excellent programs two de- taken that they are believers in the votional periods were provided for, one power of prayer, and that sufficient time for the opening of the meeting, the other, is given them prior to the meeting that a very brief one, for the close. The they also may be prepared.) opening period began with the recitation in unison of a missionary creed fornlU- I. PERIOD OF SILENCE lated by Mrs. Emily Heis~er of Bridge- (This is a most valuable preparation ton, N. J., after which provision was for prayer-a time for collecting

15] DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

thoughts and preparing to enter the No.2-Let us thank God: audience chamber of the King of Kings.) For all the opportunities and open- ings that lie before us for the ex- Call to Silence. Let the leader say: tension of His Kingdom. "Let us remember the presence of Silence God; let us lift up our hearts No. 1-"You have gained a new sense of To God the Father: to whom we pray; the honor of your place in the Church of To God the Son: through whom we pray; Jesus Christ when you have realized that it To God the Holy Spirit: in whom we falls upon you to be the fellow-worker with Christ in the uplifting of the nations of the pray." world."-ARCHBISHOP OF YORK.

Sitence for a minute. No.2-Let us thank God: Hymn repeated in unison (all standing For our high calling as ministers and or kneeling) : messengers of Christ. Silence "Come, Holy Spirit, Heavenly Dove, With all thy quickening powers; No.1-H One feels that it is worth while to be a missionary if it were only to see for Kindle a flame of sacred love one's self at first hand the wonderful work- In these cold hearts of ours." ing of the Holy Spirit."-Letter from a missionary. 2. BIBLE READING No.2-Let us thank God: (The following passages, if copied and For the presence and power of the read by the leader, give the promise and Holy Spirit revealed in the mission fulfilment of Scripture, out of which field. grow all missionary effort.) Silence Gen. I: 27,31; Gen. 3: 15; Is. 9: 16; No. I-HOne of the purposes for which Matt. I: 21;6 Ps. 2: 8; John 10: 10; John missions exist is the final abolition of war; 17:3: John 12:32; Ps. 68:11 (Revised their message is that of the Prince of Version); Rev. 7: 9,14,16,17,12. Peace. To make heathen nations Christian is one of our tasks; the other, still harder, 3. THANKSGIVING is to make Christian nations Christian."- (Let helper No. I read the quotations The Spirit of Missions. and helper NO.2 give the call to prayer, after each of which there should be a No.2-Let us thank God: brief period of silence, so that each in For the blessed knowledge of the his own way may lift his heart to God). Prince of Peace and the certain faith that through His power alone No. I-"There has never been a time in will" "wars be made to cease to the the history of the Church when there have ends of the earth." been more signal triumphs in difficult fields Silence than during the past d~cade."-JoHN R. MaTT. No. 1-"111 power is given unto me in heaven and in earth; go ye and teach all No.2-Let us thank God: nations; 10, I am with you always."-The For the signal victories of the Church Bible. in heathen. lands. Silence No.2-Let us thank God: For the definite promise of Christ's io. I-"The Church of Christ is within presence to the end. sight of greater victories than any she has Silence yet won; or, if faith and sacrifice be lacking, of failure only commensurate with the Missionary hymn (sung by all standing). opportunities lost." – Church Missionary Society General Review. 4. MEDITATION ON PRAYER 6 A passage from II Esdras (Apoerapha) is also (Quotations read by the leader or by helpful in its thought: "For evil shall he put out four persons previously appointed. A and deceit shall be quenched. As for faith it shall moment for quiet meditation should folflourish, corruption shall be overcome, and the low each.) truth whieh has been so long without fruit shall be declared."

"We must just go to God in our difficul- No.4-Let us pray: ties and lay them all before Him, as a child would do to its mother, and all will be well." That the Church of Christ may carry -The last words of Bishop Wilkinson. forward her missionary campaign Meditation "Prayer brings power. Prayer is power. in the spirit and power of prayer. The time of prayer is the time of power. Prayer is tightening the divine dynamo so Silence that the power may flow freely without loss or interruption."-S. D. GORDON. No. 3-"Let us remember always that the Meditation great aim of missions is Christian- "What the Church needs to-day is not more machinery or better; not new organi- ity, not civilization; the knowledge zations nor more and novel methods; but men whom the Holy Ghost can use-men . of the Master, not necessarily nor of prayer, men mighty in prayer."- BOUNDS. primarily the knowledge of the Meditation market-place." "Spiritual work is taxing work, and men are 10th to do it. Praying, true praying, No.4-Let us pray: costs an outlay of serious attention and of time, which flesh and blood do not relish." That the motive for missionary en- -BISHOP BRENT. deavor be kept pure. Silence.

Meditation No. 3-"1 f there is anything wrong with 5. INTERCESSION your life it will lie at one of these three (Leader assisted by helpers 3 and 4.) points-imperfect surrender, inadequate Leader: "Let us pray. "Let thy merciful ears, 0 Lord, be faith, broken communion."

open to the prayer of thy humble ser- No.4-Let us pray: vants; and that we may obtain our pe- That all missionary workers and stutitions, make us to ask such things as shall please Thee; through Jesus Christ our dents preparing for service may Lord. Amen." (Other prayers may be used here at the leader's discretion.) have a fuller consecration of life.

Helper No. 3-"It would mean a mighty Silence impulse onward were all churches in our land to institute during the year a weekly No. 3-"If we could convert the clergy hour of prayer for the mission work at home and abroad."-Clturch Prayer League and make them a living force for missions Quarterly. the work would be done in a week. It lies Helper No.4-Let us pray: That the Boards of Missions every- with you to make them more missionary. where may be moved to call upon the Church at large for united Pray for those who are slack and do prayer and intercession for mis- sIOns. nothing."-CANON TUPPER CAREY. Silel1ce. NO.4-Let us pray: No. 3-·-"Every step in the progress of missions is directly traceable to prayer. It That the clergy may be men of has been the preparation for every new triumph and the secret of all success."- prayer and diligent in teaching the ARTHUR T. PIERSON. people how to pray. Silence Silence No. 3·-Mention by name mlSSlOnanes lately gone to their fields, and tell their lo- cation.

NO.4-Let us pray: That especial blessings may rest upon the missionaries already at work and those lately gone to their fields. Silence The Apostles' Creed and the Lord's Prayer (repeated in unison while still kneeling or with bowed heads).

Leader (in closing) : "Look, Father, look 011 His anointed face, And only look on us as found in Him; Look not on our misusings of Thy grace, Our prayer so languid and our faith so dim; For lo! between our sins and their re- ward, We set the Passion of Thy Son our Lord." Benediction Silel1ce

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MISSIONADY NEWS ISLANDS OF THE SEA A Convert..d Warrior Seeking a Name for God in Papua THE name of Mali Patu, of Nagugu, New Hebrides-who lately passed A MISSIONARY among the Papuans away-may not be familiar to many of writes to the London Missionary' So- our readers. He was a true servant of ciety Chronicie: Our great inquiry has God, a Christian chief, a convert from been for the word to translate our word heathendom. Dr. Taylor (now of Korea, "God." The word we have had, equiva- but formerly of the New Hebrides) lent to "ghosts," did not express any- writes of him: "On one occasion I obthing else to their minds. Only a few tained permission from an old heathen had learned that our particular Ghost chie f to preach the Gospel to his tribe. or Spirit has attributes of the Creafor. I got Mali to take part. After pressing The inquiry for another name has been the Savior's claim upon the assembled fraught with immense interest. Their natives, he said: 'Do you doubt that Totem personalities are credited with Jesus can change your hearts? Well, bringing into being the things around remember the old days when I and my them, and are called by the generic name tribe were your enemies, and always for totem. One night, at the big village eager to fight. Now our hearts are matle of Topiri, I said that they believed in new, and we love you and want you to several gods or creators, but that I had trust Jesus' as we do.' " a God to tell them about who was before the world and aU things, the God of Talking Shoes their gods. The interest was intense, and they asked me His name. I told THE South Sea Islanders are very them He had none, for names are only proud if they can get hold of a pair needed by created things, and it was by of European shoes. They are especially His power aU things came into being. gratified if they acquire a pair that Now the Papuan word for "power" is squeak, or, as they call them, "shoes that the word for "heat," also "breath," and tal!<." A story is told of a South Sea one man caught at the word and gave Islander, who came into church with Him a name-Siahu-vita the Powerful shoes merrily a-squeak. He walked One, the Heat-giving One, the Breath- proudly to the front and, removing these giving One. The interest almost became shoes, dropt them out of the window, so excitement, and they kept me talking til1 that his wife might also have the pleas- I was exhausted. They went to the vil- ure of coming in with "talking" shoes. lage, and next morning I was told that the people scarcely slept aU night, owing Luke's Gospel for Head-Hunters to their interest in this theological discussion. It is the first time that I have ABOUT ISS,OOO of our fellow-citizens seen them excited about religious things, of the Philippines are the Igorrotes, The seed has been sown, and it is going who are at once the most remarkable to burst into harvest some day. rice-terrace builders among savages, and on occasion are relentless head-hunters,

the gruesome spoils being often the proof Japanese officers' and men. On the occa- of devoted lovers. sion of the presentation of these Bibles, Miss Waterman, of the Episcopal Vice-Admiral Kuroi spoke in substance Mission, has described the difficulties en- as follows: countered in her translation of Luke's "The Bible unifies the nations. Presi- Gospel, which follows Mark, the first dent and Mikado may meet upon the book printed in their language-in 1908. broad ethical truths of the Scriptures. If Figurative expressions like "the key of these 1,500 sacred volumes are not read, knowledge," "devour widows' houses," the fact that they were given by Ameri- "the son of peace," "wisdom is justified can citizens to Japanese youths in train- of her children," etc., proved hard lin- ing for the navy is an act of good faith guistic problems. Miss Waterman feels and fraternal good-will. Bibles are dif- that, even tho faulty, those parts of the ferent from battleships, but the civiliza- Gospel most needed in teaching will be tion of the Book will live longer than understood and carry the right message the ship bristling with big guns."

to the hearer. A prayer often. offered Ten Yeats' Presbyterian Growth for the Igorrote people runs: "Give us tongues to speak and give them ears to THE Southern Presbyterian Church hear the message of redeeming love"; has issued the following statistics, and the missionaries confidently believe that both petitions will be heard.-SlIn- showing the growth of its foreign misday-School Times. sionary work in the last decade: NORTH AMERICA Per cent. 1904. 1914. Increase.

Foreign Mission- Churches of Italian Immigrants aries ……….. 193 337 74 JN 19II there were, according to Dr. Native Force …. ,. 220 1,191 441 Morse of the Bible Mission to Italians in Hartford, 250 Protestant Italian Out-stations (places churches in the United States. The number to-day is presumably consider- of regular ably greater. The Catholic Directory meeting) ……. 279 1,013 263 Communicants …. 8,743 29,700 240 Adherents …….. 14,127 100,318 610 Sunday-school gives the number of Italian Roman Membership …. 5,176 30,099 481 Catholic churches in the United States Pastor Fetler'. New Work as 150. The "Old North Church" of Boston, Christ's Church (Episcopalian), PISTOR WILLIAM FETLER, exiled with its memories of Paul Revere and from Russia and made uncomfortable the Revolution, is now in the heart of in Sweden, is in New York city at the a large Italian population which has, present time, where he haS' been emto a great degree, turned its back on ployed by the Baptist Home Mission So- Rome. The Episcopalians of Boston ciety to work among the Russians in our have appointed Miss Lillian Skinner, country. It will be a new experience for long resident in social centers in this Mr. Fetler to work for his Master and part of the city, to open up religious- at the same time to be free from the essocial enterprises among these New pionage and persecution of the govern- Eriglanders. ment. When Mr. Fetler reached New York he was met by Rev. C. W. Fin- Bibles and Battleships wall. On the way uptown from the DURING a recent visit of some of the steamer Mr. Fetler raised his hands and best of the Japanese cruisers to the thanked God that he at last had reached Pacific coast, the American Bible So- a land where he would not be perse- ciety presented over 1,500 Bibles to the cuted for his religion; and he prayed

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that some time he, or, if not himself, his Mennonite ……………………. 4 little son, might return to Russia and Methodist Episcopal …………… 25 preach the Gospel to his countrymen Methodist Episcopal, South …….. 9 without fear or hindrance. Mormon ……………………… 3 National Indian Association ……. 7 The Y. M. C. A. and the Indian Norwegian Lutheran …………. . Norwegian' Evang. Luth. Society .. . "rHE failure of the American churches Presbyterian, Northern ………… 57 effectively to reach the Indian popu- Presbyterian, Southern ………… 2 Protestant Episcopal …………… 13 lation accounts largely for the "Indian problem." One of the most useful agen- Reformed Church (Dutch) …….. 6 cies in dealing with this is the Y. M. Reformed Church (German) …… 1 C. A. There are to-day a hundred reser- Reformed Presbyterian ………… 3 vation Young Men's Christian Associa- Swedish Ev. Miss. Covenant …… . tions, with a membership of over 2,500 United Presbyterian …………… 2 young men. These Associations are largely supervised by a native board of The total of tribes labored with is 175. directors. The Associations support their own field secretary, and are paying Among them 456 Protestant churches the salary of a native secretary in India are organized, while at 556 stations serv- -the first foreign missionary supported ices are held, tho no congregations are by our American Indians. organized there. The number of or- dained clergymen among them (white) This movement has spread over the is 211, and 222 native pastors. There are border into Canada, carried there by In- 31,880 communicant members, and dian young men, and to-day there are 66,994 adherents. The enrolment in some 200 members in a half-dozen As- the Sabba.th-schools is 18,395, while in the mission schools 2,007 are enrolled.

sociations in Manitoba and Saskatche- The Negro Year Book wan. Already the impact of this Christian Association movement in the Indian OUR office takes pleasure in acknowlstudent bodies is being felt. Student edging the receipt of a copy of the Christian Associations are increasingly becoming great recruiting centers for na- Fiftieth Anniversary Edition of the tive leadership for the evangelization of Negro Year Book. It is issued by the the race. Tuskegee Institute, Alabama, and con- tains accurate and concise information. This book is published annually, grow- Missions Among Indians ing out of many inquiries concerning the history and progress of the negro race. REPORT of the eighth annual meet- All the facts about the negro in America ing of the Home Missions Council. are brought down to date. The census just published, brings us some very inter- reports' show that there are now very esting information concerning the pres- few, if any, pursuits followed by whites ent status of mission work for the in which there are not some negroes. Indians of the United States. It shows There are over 50,000 in the professions that the following churches labor at -teachers, preachers, lawyers, doctors, present among them: dentists, editors. Thirty thousand are Tribes engaged in business of various s"Orts. Baptist, Northern ……………. 20 Baptist, Southem ……………. . Fifty years ago there were in the South Christian Reformed …………… 2 • no negro architects, electricians, photo- Congregational ………….. '…… 6 graphers, druggists, dentists, physicians; Friends ……………………… 10 no negro owners of mines, cotton mills, Independent Evangel. Mission …… 4 dry-goods stores, insurance companies, Lutheran (Joint Synod) ………•• 1 publishing houses; no newspaper edi-

tors, no undertakers, no real-estate those who pay it no other contribution dealers, and no hospitals managed by IS asked.-Spirit of Missions. negroes. In 1913 negroes were manaJinJ all the above enterprises. They are A Canadian Indiana and Eskimo editing 450 newspapers and periodicals. CCORDING to a census taken this They own 100 insurance companies, year there are lO6.490 Indians and 300 drug stores, and over 20,000 3.447 Eskimo in the Dominion of Cangrocery and other stores. There are ada. making a total native population 300,000 more negroes working in the of 109,937. No returns as to the retrades and in other occupations requiring ligious belief of the Eskimo are availskill-blacksmiths, carpenters, cabinet- able, or of 22,217 Indians. Of the n~akers, masons, miners. remaining 84,273 Indians, only 9,437 (one-third of the number being in A Hawaiian Association Ontario) registered themselves as pa- gans. In the regions in which the work 'THE Hawaiian Evangelical Associa- of the Church Missionary Society has tion has just issued its ninety- lain, namely, in Alberta, British Col- umbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Northsecond annual report. Hawaiian church- west Territories, and Yukon, there are es have shown genuine courage and 63,341 Indians. The census does not spirit worthy of their ancestry in that, state the religion of 3,006 of those in notwithstanding troubles along indus- British Columbia, of 1,988 in Saskattrial and financial lines, they have in- chewan, or of any of the 8,030 in the creased their benevolent contributions Northwest Territories or the 1,389 in nearly $2,000. Missionary opportunities Yukon. About one-eighth (6,267) of and openings for new work f<tirly press the test are returned as pagans. Among upon the officials of the Board, not those enumerated as Christians II,542 on~y among native Hawaiians, but are Anglicans and 20,962 are returned among the Chinese in Honolulll, the as Roman Catholics. A very large pro- 14,000 Filipinos, and the many Japan- portion of the Indians whose religious eoe. The association gave last year to belief is not stated are known to have the work of the American Board been baptized by Protestant mission- $7,8~)I, of which $S,4lO represents the aries. Easter collection taken at Central Union Church, Honolulu. The churches LATIN AMERICA listed by the association number lOS. with a total membership of 8,828 and A Missionaries Return to Mexico lOS ministers in service. LL the missionaries of the Presby- terian Board of Foreign Missions in Self-Imposed Income-Tax Mexico left the country in May, 1914. A few have now returned. Conditions A NOVEL plan has been devised in are still very chaotic, but not without a church in Milwaukee, and that is hope. One worker writes: "We found the adoption of a self-imposed income- our people scattered and frightened, but tax for church purposes. The agree- were able to get together a goodly numment among members of the congrega- ber of those who had returned to the tion is that all those having an income Port, and it was a joy to see how they of one thousand dollars or less will pay took heart and declared their readiness 2 per cent. to the church. Those who to go on with their regular services. We have larger salaries pay a larger per- are so glad to be here at a time when centage. On an income of three thou- our people need everything that we can sand dollars and over, the rate is 5 per do for them, and are so appreciative of cent. This payment is in full, a'nd from

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

our presence and endeavors in their be- intelligence has secretly, if not openly, half. Thanks to our Heavenly Father rejected. In Europe they meet the writwe are in no danger, and the Americans ings of the destructive critics, which conare at liberty to look on the rushing here firm them in their belief that Christianity and there of soldiers without the least can not be accepted by an intelligent fear that any of the demonstrations' are man. Hoping to do a service to thou- 'anti-American.' By day and night we sands of their fellow countrymen who .go where we like, and no one seems to are in the same disturbed state of mind, think of our being out of place. I am full they translate into Portuguese the works of hope that the churches will soon enter of the destructive critics. We have, upon a greater career of usefulness than therefore, in Brazil a fund of such literhas ever characterized their endeavors ature, and it is increasing rapidly. Men in the past." are putting their money into its publica- tion as a business venture; and, judging As soon as conditions pern~it, all the from the way in which hungry-souled missionaries from Mexico now on fur- men are reading it, the publishers will lough will return to their fields. suffer no financial loss. If we had at our command the necessary means, we could Putumayo Misaion Abandoned publish in Portuguese an adequate Chris- tian literature designed to offset this in- THE directors of the Evangelical fluence and give thinking men an intelli- Union of South America have con- gent foundation for faith in Christ and cluded that the establishment of a Prot- God. estant mission in the Putumayo region is now impracticable. This decision is EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN based upon the reports of two commissions which were ~ent out to study that Distribution of Gospel. to Soldiers country. They found it practically an The Scripture Gift Mission continues uninhabited wilderness, the savages who its helpful activity among the soldiers. once dwelt there having been either ex- French and Flemish services are being terminated or driven out. The survi- held in many places in England for the vors are so few, scattered, and continual- Belgian refugees, and through the misly moving, that any settled work among sion many thousands of attractive copies them would be quite impossible. On the of the Gospels have been distributed, upper reaches of the river, where the and gladly received and read by them. largest numbers of Indians are found- The news from Russia still continues tho still but few-government subsidized to be encouraging, and Scriptures are missions, under the control of the Ca- being sent to every part of the vast Empuchin F!lthers, have been established pire where soldiers are either fighting with not only civilizing, but very definite battles of their country or are mobilized political ends in view; and the establish- to proceed to the front. The simple ment of Protestant work in that region faith of the Russian soldier is being evi- IS absolutely forbidden. denced more and more, and it is found that many of the regiments never go Atheism Takinll Brazil into battle without prayer first.

REV. w. G. BORCHERS, of Santa ATemperance Work by Y. M. C. A. T each training camp is at least one Rita, Brazil, writes as follows in large tent or "marquee," manned by The Missionary Voice of the religious trained workers, to which the men may situation there: Many Brazilians are resort for letter writing, reading, singgoing to Europe to study. They know ing, table games, and healthy amuseonly the very corrupt form of Romanism which is found in Brazil, and which their

ment. Note-paper and envelops are sup- Jews who have found an undisturbed plied free, stamps and postal orders are domicile in Bulgaria. From time to for sale, and there is a letter-box in time a preacher from abroad would'

each tent. Cheap temperance drinks, reach Sofia and hold a meeting, give a chocolate and candy, and little personal twenty-minute address, and then leave necessities of all sorts are sold at the the Jews for another year to wonder tents, and in some there are cafeterias what it was all about.

where hot coffee and sandwiches are Last June, the Rev. A. Silverstein sold. The Association workers are on started a work in Sofia, in connection call for service or aid of any sort at all with the revival which broke out there hours. and is still spreading all around. Up to At first there was considerable diffi- the present, 17 Jews have joined the culty. There was fear of spies, and the church and have been baptized in the obstacles in the way of getting men near name of Jesus Christ. The work is non- the front were particularly serious. sectarian. A committee has been ap- When they were allowed by the AlIies pointed to take charge, composed of to go, they were at first permitted to Congregationalists, Methodists and Bap- take only 37 pounds of baggage with tists. This work has no foreign Board them; and their activities were carefulIy to support it, but is maintained wholly watched. Now the baggage limit has by voluntary contributions, which are been raised till it has reached 200 pounds, forthcoming from the Bulgarian local and the men are able to carry a full and churches. A' Hebrew-Christian Home serviceable equipment. has been established as welI, where THE CONTINENT many live who on account of their faith in Jesus Christ have been thrown out of Relief Work in Paris work and are separated from relatives and friends. This, too, is supported by T HE American Church in Paris is voluntary contributions.-The Orient. helping in every way it can in the relief of the sick and poor in the city and out of it. It is able to pass on many The Bible in Russia gifts which the donors hardly know how to place. Every gift the church sends T HE Holy Synod at Petrograd has goes marked, "Loving Is Giving and been busily engaged in the work of Giving Is Life." Some ~f the gifts are producing popular editions of the Bible. layettes for new babies; little children's These are being widely distributed by clothes, for both boys and girls; plain the Orthodox Church among soldiers .on jackets and chemises, such as the peas- the battle-field as welI as to the sick and ant women wear; soldier outfits; pillows wounded. Various Russian Red Cross for the wounded on the trains; hospital Aid Associations are including Bible~ supplies; clothing for convalescents. and Testaments in their parcels of "com- And it makes, as a gift, "all the robes forts" for troops at the front, and as the worn at the last by those who die at the available stock of the British and For- American Ambulance-long, white robes eign Bible Society has become exhausted, of soft muslin, on each of which is the Holy Synod is undertaking the work sewed a cross of violet silk." of printing fresh editions. In theory the Orthodox Church has always given her A The Bulgarian Hebrew Mission children free access to the Bible; in NEV work among the Jews has practise her system has allowed ignor- been started in Bulgaria. Never be- ance and superstition to crowd Bible fore has any systematic evangelical reading, let alone Bible insh~ction, out work been carried on among the many of the life of the average l?,io~~JRussian.

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Should this wave of enthusiasm for the reached an awful pitch. Awakening to propagation of the Holy Scriptures prove the fact that the little nation was going more than a passing phase, we may look headlong to ruin, a few of the students forward to a revival of intelligent relig- in Copenhagen University and Reykious instruction in Russia. javik Higher Grade Latin School joined hands, resolving to abstain from drink T German Missions Crippled and encourage others "to go and do HE disastrous effects of the war on likewise." German foreign missions are illustrated in India. The Gassner Mission MR:Horrible Conditions in Albania of Berlin has a staff of 50 Europeans' ill ER.ICKSON, who has' been wait- Chota Nagpur and Behar. It has done mg m Italy for an opportunity to splendid work, both religious and phil- cross the Adriatic and resume work, reanthropic. Its secretary, the Rev. Paul cently made a flying trip of investiga- Wagner, has received the Kalsar-i-Hind tion to the port cities of Albania, and gold medal. The situation of the mis- returned to Rome. Under date of April sion is extremely critical. The Schles- 7th, he writes of the terrible destitution wig-Holstein Mission, with more than 40 which he found. "My first stop was at European missionaries in the Vizagap- Valona. When I was there before, a year atam District of Madras and in the Jey- ago last June, the Provisional Goverpore Agency, has dismissed 275 Indian nor was in control, and life in the City agents, put ISO more on half-pay, and was free and hopeful and glad. This shut down its theological seminary of time it was different. The Albanian 78 students. The Leipzig Mission in leaders had all left, the city was crowd- Tanjore and Trichinopoly, whose native ed with refugees; misery, wretchedness educational staff alone numbers 580, has starvation, and death were everywhere: been obliged to close its schools and send In the city, thousands were crowded into the children home.-Moravian Missions. tumble-down, abandoned buildings and mosques, etc. In one large mosque were "TAlcohol Banished from Iceland at one time living about 150, but of E DEUM" is being sung in Ice- these 64 had died. The Italian authori- land over the mighty moral victory ties informed me that there were 35,000 in the Anti-Drink Campaign through of these refugees in and about the city, ~he Prohibition law which was passed most of them from Tepelin, Kolonia, III the Althing, or Parliament, on Sep- and other districts recently occupied by tember 10, 1913, and was brought into the Greek government after their comforce on January 1st, this year. Now, mittees and irregulars, consisting no intoxicating liquors may be sold in largely of released criminals, had com- Iceland unless prescribed by a qualified mitted the unspeakable horrors which medical man. This great and grand vic- had driven these people forth. Altotory has not been won in a day; it has gether 170,000 people, practically the been a battle of 70 years' standing. The whole Moslem population of this terriyear 1842 marked the first stand taken tory, are thus in exile from their homes. to oppose the evil influences of Bacchus. The ablest 'scholars, students, and young ASIA men of that period were, almost without exception, going to the moles and MOSLEM LANDS the bats through the abuse of alcohol. The common people, too, followed hard THE The War and the Jews after their example, and morality had Jews have been more affected by tpe war than any other non-Chris- tian nation. "Over 9,000,000 of the 13,- 000,000 Jews live within the war zone;

the seat of the war in Eastern Europe n,ore than 10,000 men are out of work, is 'the home of the Jewish race; over and come begging for food for their 200,000 Jews are serving in the Russian starving families. Here is a sample: army alone. Hundreds of thousands of A woman with a blind husband and three Jews are being torn away from their small children, after three days without abiding place of many generation;;·. Al- any food at all, begged a little flour, ready a quarter of a million Jews have rubbed it up with water, and they ate migrated from Galicia into Hungary, it so. Weare trying to economize; and into other Austrian provinces. burn candles, as oil is not to be had, ex- Again, the altered position of the Jews cept in small quantities and at a high in Russia, due to the Tsar's proclama- price, and even candles are becoming tion, can not fail to affect the thoughts hard to get, and coal and matches, are of Christianity. The war has added in- going up to a forbidding price. We have finitely to the difficulties of missionary the simplest meals, sit together to save work among the Jews, yet "the uncer- fuel, eat little meat, and buy no clothing tainty all around them is moving not a or other luxuries. But with all this mis- few Jews to inquire concerning Chris- ery there is much spiritual interest.

tian truth." Churches are crowded, prayer-meetings T Urumia Christians Rescued full, 250 to 300 women in some, and very touching. Christian workers· are finding HE Kurds and Turks have at last· a great opportunity, and it seems like the been expelled by Russians from Uru- beginning of a revival."

mia, the city of 50,000 which is the cen- ter of American Presbyterian missionary Swedish Mission in Chinese Turkestan activity in Azerbaijan province of Per- THE Swedish missionaries, L. E. sia. January 2 the Kurds besieged the Hogberg and Dr. G. Raquette, recity, after ravaging the surrounding dis- port progress in their medical and edutricts and massacring thousands of cational work at Kashgar and Yark- Christians. The Russians defeated the and. A conference was held at the lat- Turks in engagements near Dilman and ter place recently, and plans were made Bachkala, according to the report of the for opening new work at Khotan, ten Russian general staff in the Caucasus, days' journey southeast of Yarkand. It and released the 17,000 native refugees is planned to open an orphanage. At who had placed themselves under the the two hospitals of this mission, I7,114 protection of the Presbyterian "U. S. A," patients were treated in a single year. miSSIOn. It is estimated 20,000 natives of the district are dead or missing, many The Swedish Missionary Society, of the women being carried captives into which has a number of flourishing misthe hills. Rev. Robert Labaree, of the sion stations in Chinese Turkestan, an- Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, nounces that the medical work in its tried earnestly to reach the city, but three hospitals'–at Kashgar, Yarkand, failed. Now the Russians have brought and Yengi Hessar-not only pays its relief, and have also freed Van of the own costs, aside from missionaries' sal- Turks. aries, but turns over a considerable sum to other work. The new buildings at A Misery in Central Turkey one station were entirely paid for by LETTER from Mrs. John E. Mer- surplus from the Kashgar hospital.

rill, of Aintab, gives a vivid picture The press of the Swedish Missionary of life in Central Turkey in these days. Society in Chinese Turkestan has cir- "The city is in misery, no work, and no culated 8,000 copies of the Gospels in prospect of any; the looms are idle, and Kashgar-Turkish; also a grammar for

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students of the language, as well as (the helpless children of the devil) the other text-books. It also issues a bi- Good Tidings, and turn us to the way monthly journal in the same tongue, the of salvation. Hoping you will send us only publication of the sort in that coun- a comforting promise. Signed by or on try. behalf of all the adult inhabitants of Ponnamanda." INDIA I "An Indian Christian Saint" I An Epoch for India N these words' a missionary who had N the annual report of the Kashmir known him many years describes the Medical Mission Dr. A. Neve says Rev. S. R. Modak, of Ahmednagar, who this year "marks an epoch from which died a few months ago. Mr. Modak was everything will date afresh." He writes: a man of singular nobility of character and of winsome personality. For 26 "It is certainly an epoch for India, so years he had supported his large family many of whose gallant princes and by legal service, while doing a large troops are in the firing-line. In future, amount of Christian work of various things can not be the same. . . . The kinds. Three and a half years ago, spirit in which we English now meet when he was invited to become the pasour Indian fellow subjects is that of co- tor of the largest Christian congregaoperation, and should lead to .closer tion in Western India, he said: "Since I friendships in future when the men was young my highest ambition has been come back who have been fighting our to do such service. If you think me battles in Europe, and experiencing Eng- worthy to become your pastor, I shall lish hospitality. That the spectacle of gladly accept your invitation on two Christian nations fighting among them- conditions-that you accept my services selves is unedifying goes without saying, without any pecuniary remuneration, aland especially that there should be such lowing me to continue to support my barbarities practised on non-combat- family by my legal work. and that you ants: but perhaps the people of this land employ an associate pastor." The church may thus be brought to see the distinc- properly insisted on paying him a modtion between real and only nominal est stipend, which he always turned Christianity, and the corollary that re- back into Christian work.-Marathi ligion is a matter of the heart, not of Mission Report. hereditary creed and ceremonies." Letter-Writing and Prayer to Win Men T Appeal from Indian Villages HE following letter, received by a REV. N. V. TILAK, one of the pas- missionary in South India, is typical tors in the Marathi Mission of the of the mass movements toward Chris- American Board, in reporting his litertianity. ary and educational work, says: "It has been my privilege to preach the Gosp,e1 "Sir: We have been idolaters I!1 ac- by writing letters. Each letter goes cordance with our ancient custom. Now forth with prayer. This method ot we have understood that there is no use preaching has led four Brahmins to emin such worship, and have, therefore, re- brace Christianity. One of them was a solved to turn to Christ. There is no Sanyasi, or 'Holy Man,' a speaker of mission working in this region. The three different dialects, who has wan- Roman Catholics have visited us, but we dered through the length and breadth have heard that there are some defects of India in search of the truth. There in their religion. Weare farmers. We are a dozen more enquirers in corresare very desirous of believing in the Lord Jesus Christ. We, therefore, beg you to come to us and to preach to us

pondence. A sad experience in connec- or I will fight you in nine haurs. Ger- many to fight them, pass Belgium. Beltion with some of these men is that they gium say, I am a country, I am not a road, and Belgium write a letter ta Engstop correspondence as soon as they are land about Germany to them. Sa Eng- land fight far Belgium." – Sundayconvinced of the truth of Christianity, School Times.

and a few go s.o far as to try and forget Following the Foochow Revival all acquaintance with me in order ta pRESIDENT BEARD, .of the Foa- chow College, writes in optimistic avoid the final step. But my prayers vein of the Bible-study revival in that for these never cease, and I feel prayer city and as ta the fine prospects gener- ally: "Never during the 20 years that I is more effective than preaching, often- have known the church in Faachow has there been so much interest in Christimes." tianity as naw. Churches are full Sun- day after Sunday. The salid men of the SIAM cammunity are coming, and they are listening as never before. Besides this, FOR Progress in North Siam they are studying the Bible as never be- H years the .only Christians in fore. During the past week in a score of different places special meetings Tong Pa, North Siam, have been have been held-not always in churches, but in the homes of the Christians, .or the faithful evangelist Nai Wang and sometimes in a courtyard. These meet- ings have been well attended by thoughthis wife. But the past year has seen a ful peaple. The teachers and students of the college have dane much .of the gaodly increase, writes Dr. C. H. Croaks wark. One man lectures on some scien- tific SUbject, with experiments ta illus- .of the Presbyterian Missian. Eleven in trate, and the evangelistic address fol- laws. The interesting thing is that the all have been baptized, amang them an evangelistic talk halds the attention bet- ter than the scientific. Then men are old woman over 80 years of age, who, lined up to form Bible classes."

having cansiderable means, has in the A Great Church in Peking past made gifts to the temple. Her turn- "THE most strategic center in the world to-day for missianary work ing to Christianity hag made a prafound is Peking," says Miss Luella Miner, and impression on all the community. She there is not a pastor anywhere who has more reasan to rejaice in his opportuhas a large family, and same of them nity than Mr. Li, who faces his audience of 6.0.0 or 7.0.0 every Sunday marning have already followed their mother into in the beautiful Central Church in that city. There sit the 100 students of the the religion, and .others purpose ta do so. Union Waman's College and Bridgman Academy, the 4.0 women of the Union Thus has the entering wedge been thrust Bible Schaal, and abaut lOa women from into the solid wall of opposition with which Christianity has had ta contend here. Tong Pa is a rice-farming dis- trict, where rice seldom, if ever, fails, and we hape, with patience and perse- verance, to build up a church there."

CHINA THEWhy the Nations are Fighting Central China Post prints this composition of a Chinese pupil of a London Mission school: "Now there is a great battle in Europe. This began because the prince .of Austria went ta Servia with his wife. One man of Servia killed them. Austria was angry and so fight Servia. Germany write a letter to Austria, I will help you. Russia write a letter to Servia, I will help you. France did not want ta fight, but they got ready their soldiers. Germany write a letter to France. You don't get ready

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the humblest rank up to the wives of very largely without financial help from high officials. the mission.

Beyond the school boys who occupy Protection for Chinese Slave-Girls the front seats in the other half of the church, the pastor sees, perhaps, two of CANTON has forbidden slavery, and President Yuan Shih Kai's advisers; any slave-girl who applies to the teachers from the government universi- ties; keen-eyed students; energetic men police is received and educated. Those in business or official lines. And here, who can see are sent to the "Government too, the rich and the poor meet together. School for Rescued Slave Girls," and at the urgent request of the former chief of Over IOO members were received into police, Mr. Chan King Wah, the blind the church in 1914, many of them from girls of the singing class were committed the student class. The Sunday-school of to the care of missionaries. A temporary Central Church numbers over 700, in- mat shed was provided by the govern- cluding three braneh schools held in the ment for their shelter until a new per- vicinity in the afternoon.-Missionary manent building was recently completed. Herald. This is known as the "Ching Sam" school and was built with money contributed by Promising Work in South China a wealthy Chinese gentleman.-Spirit of . THREE years ago Christianity was Missions.

practically unknown in the important THEA Chinese Florence Nightingale city of Changning, the center of a large city of Weihsien in Shantung and populous district among the Hakkas was visited by severe floods last in South China. To-day, there are in this September, which did much damage to district two organized Baptist churches the city and its suburbs and to the mis- with 4S members and a considerable sionary compound. It is reported that number of interested inquirers. Each onc of the most efficient and helpful ,hurch maintains a school, and mcets all people in the emergency was a Chinese necessary expenses without foreign aid. orphan girl, who had been rescued in The first convert was baptize'd one year famine times a few years ago. ago. One of the early converts was a military commander, who immediately It was Kwei Lan who seemed to he surrendered his commission and has en- in all places at the same time, looking tered the medical department of the Uni- after the distrest as they were brought versity of Nanking in order to fit him- in by scores and hundreds from the nearself for service as a Christian physician. by villages and laid down to recuperate Among the other converts are the post- after their harrowing experiences. It master, one of the magistrates, a member was Kwei Lan who distributed clothing of the National Assembly and former to the shivering flood victims, ga'e President of the Provincial Assembly, steaming hot food for the starving, hung and several teachers from the public out wet clothes to dry, bound up the schools. Only two families of all repre- wounds of the injun:;d ones, and in her sented in the membership of one of the strong, gentle, young arms hushed ~he churches are without representatives in wailing of the sick babies. Her bright government service. Yet the converts words of cheer, her endless deeds of have come from all ranks. Thirteen kindly ministry won for her the lifelong educated men, some of them holding gratitude and affection of the recipients, degrees, are planning to fit themselves and caused the missionaries of Weihsien for Christian service either as preachers station to christen her "the Florence or physicians'. The movement promises Nightingale of Shantung."-The COIIto be distinctly Chinese, and to develop tinent.

JAPAN-KOREA crushing blow, but one which the Army is sharing in every quarter. It was since Then and Now the news of this reduction came that the Army's need was called to the atten- JAPANESE Anti-Christian Edict of tion of their Majesties through the 1868. "As for the Christian sect, as kindly offices of Count Okuma, Baron it haS' been prohibited thus far, in like Shibusawa, and Mr. Shimada, M P.- manner it must be strictly supprest, for- Japan Times. bidden, and prohibited. As for the Jesus religion, it also must be strictly supprest. Christian Literature for Japanese Keiyo, fourth year, third month. Prime Minister, by imperial order. This order T HE leavening of the Japanese stumust be strictly and universally enforced dent mind with Christian truth is in Hiogo Ken." greatly assisted by a modest little society which is distributing the right kind of CHINESE EDICT, 1900 literature. Magazines and papers with articles written from the Christian point The Dowager Empress of China passed of view are sent to schools at a ratio of the death sentence on all Christians in one paper to ten students, the principal China. assuming the responsibility for fair dis- tribution. Th~rc:. were some 23,000 KOREAN EDICT, 1904 copies' sent to 468 schools in one mont!!. Most of the schools are government high "If you see a foreigner, kill him; if schools and they are in all parts of the you see a native reading the Christian Japanese Ishmds. The society publishes Book, kill him." a little monthly newspaper. The plan originated with a teacher of English 1915 who began glvmg away Christian periodicals to his students. He secured Ja/,a11-600 non-Christian schools in the co-operation of friends who provided Japan regularly supplied with a monthly literature that they had already read. paper explaining Christianity, through a and hence the movement has grown. government school teacher's influence. Recent circulation one month, 32,000 copies.

Chi11a-235,303 church members. Korea-72,203 church members.

-Adapted from Missionary Voice, Imperial Gift to the Salvation Army The "Hamill Memorial" in J.apan W ITH a generous gift of 3,000 yen, PLANS are on foot for the erection f)f their rri-Jperial Majesties the Em- a School of Religious Pedagogy and peror and Empress have indicated their Sunday-School Training in Kobe, Japan, interest and approval of the social and to be known as the "Hamill Memorial philanthropic work which has been done Building," in recognition of the service in the past 19 years in Japan by the of the late Dr. H. M. Hamill. President Salvation Army. It is the first imperial of the Jnternational Sunday-School recognition that the Army has had, and, Association, who passed from this life coming at a time of great need, it is on January 21, 1915. Dr. and Mrs. doubly appreciated. The gift comes at Hamill visited Japan and Korea seven a critical period in the finances of the years ago, and for five months held Army, inasmuch as a few months ago Sunday-school institutes in every part of Commissioner Mapp was informed by Japan and Korea; and from that time the headquarters office at London that until the day of his death he maintained the effects of the war were such that a deep interest in religious education in there would be a great reduction in the Japan. The plan contemplates lecture support sent to Tokyo. A little later the rooms, a complete Sunday-school work- "reduction" proved to be 12,000 yen-a ers' library, a museum, offices for a

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

general Sunday-school secretary, a in the reading club and the books are supply room and a model Sunday-school moving briskly. As rapidly as new appli- which should give practise work to stu- cants for literature come in from the dents of teacher-training, as well as a newspaper propaganda they are dir.ected demonstration of methods to. pastors, to this club. superintendents, teachers and other Christian workers. Remarkable Bible Circulation A Japan Barber Evangelist T HE year 1914 in the Korea Agency . was one of remarkable progres's and REV. J. B. HAIL, writing from Waka- the sales exceeded all expectations. The yama, Japan, tells of a barber who total circulation was more than two and is seizing every opportunity that comes a half times greater than in 1913, even to him to pass on the Gospel tidings. tho the I913 circulation was more than This man recently came to the mission- double that of I912. ary with a request for Hole's "Life of Jesus· of Nazareth." He said: "I have Mr. Beck's encouraging report shows a picture of Christ in my barber-shop, that the total circulation for 1914 was and it is a great help to me in opening 458,04 as against 176,880 volumes ;11 a conversation with men to tell them of 1913, the total increase, therefore, being Jesus. If I had a copy vf Hole, altho 281,814. This result has been obtained I do not kno~ a word of English, yet I despite the 10 per cent. cut in approprican get Kodama San to tell me where to ations, and the very great financial emread about the pictures, and thus I can barrassments that have faced all classes explain them to others." in Korea during the past year. The average number of colporteurs employed It is needless to say that the man got was 103 men and 20 Bible-women. the book. Soon after he returned to Mr. Counting others who are employed for Hail and said: "I have used the book and a short period, 173 colporteurs and 29 shown it to 48 persons, trying to point Bible-women have been engaged in them to Christ. But when I am talking Scripture distribution. to men I feel deeply my own lack of spiritual power to awaken the'll to their K Korea and Uganda need of a Savior. My past life has not ORK;'S multitudes are turning to iJeen such as to recommend the religion Christianity at the rate of 3,000 of Christ." conversions a week. There has been an average of one convert every hour since I "Eternal Life Association" the missionaries first went' to Korea, N addition to his Christian propaganda over twenty-five years ago. In these through the Japanese newspaper col- times, however, the average has amountumns, Dr. Albertus Pieters has developed ed to eighteen converts per hour! Away a reading club called the Eisei Kwai, or down in Uganda-which now has 1,200 the Association of Eternal" Life. Any- churches where twenty-nve years ago one can join upon payment of a monthly there was but one-the coronatiol1 of fee of 5 sen (a little over 2 cents) the new king, Dauda Chwa, was held Every member has a right to draw books with Christian ceremonies and und~r from the library, the postage outward Christian auspices.-World Outlook. being paid by the mission, return postage by the borrower. Something less I An Active Bible Class than a hundred dollars has been invested N Pingyang, Korea, an active Bible in a lib~ary of excellent books on Chris- class of fifty-riine young men has been tian themes. The catalog registers 270 organized. During the recent revival titles. There are at pre.sent 62 members this group of young men assumed re-

sponsibility for all the young men who AFRICA profest an interest in Christianity during the evangelistic meetings. They T Christian Literature for Moslem" assigned a certain number to each mem- HERE are three methods of carryber of the class, and these Bible-c1a~s ing the message of the Gos·pel to workers went daily to the. homes of the the non-Christian world: that by word inquirers and brought them to the even- of mouth, the living voice of the ing meetings. N ow that the revival is preacher; that by life, the ministry of over, they still continue to bring them friendship, the miracles of healing, and to 'the regular and special church serv- the exhibition of the virtues of Chrisices. Many of the members of this class tianity-the word of Life in the word have gone out preaching on Sabbath of the life; and thirdly, the method of afternoons, and as a result there has the printed page. The Nile Mission been a constant stream of new believers Press is only one among more than a into the churches. hundred and thirty mission presses in the mission field, but in its outreach and Koreans "Born Preachers" output it will compare favorably with any of them, and its strategic import- A SERIES of evangelistic services ance as regards the present situation can has just been conducted in Sen Sen not be over-estimated.' In ten years (Syen Chun), which has afforded an 5,560,000 books and magazines (equal to excellent opportunity to see the Korean 70,000,000 pages) have been printed and Christian at work in the great business published; or, including the total for of saving souls. A newcomer from the the ten months of the present 'Year, .Occident writes: "The zeal and energy 83,000,000 pages. All the publications with which personal work is carried on are in Arabic, but many have been is nothing short of amazing, and is the translated into other languages; and are cause of much shame when the coldness now distributed to 40 different counand indifference of God's people in so- tries, including Bokhara, China, India, called Christian countries is borne in Palestine, Arabia, Persia, Turkey, Java, mind. and South America.

"The territory was assigned to about Methodist Success in Liberia 100 men and boys, including two Korean pastors of the city churches with many BISHOP ISAIAH B. SCOTT, of the of the Elders and Deacons and a large Methodist Episcopal Church in Linumber of the boys from the Hug-h beria, reports that the church member- O'Neill J r. Academy. and some fifty or ship in that republic has increased during sixty women. The first question asked the past year from 9,633 to 10,709. The was always the same-aDo you believe conference is divided into five districts. in Jesus?" and if an opportunity was located along the coast, eastward from given, the boys immedi'ltely proceeded Monrovia. For the past twelve months to point out why and what man should a total of 1,973 conversions is' reported. believe. The Korean is a born preacher, Eleven years ago the benevolent collecand so far I have yet to meet a Christian tions amounted to $203, while in the past' who does not thoroughly enjoy this year our Liberian Methodists gave work. Very often it was unnecessary $1,579 for this purpose. to ask this question, for when a heathen .really gives his heart to the Lord, it is The Effects of Christianity not long before the presence of the Spirit and the peace of God in his heart FROM numerous towns and villages in manifests itself in face and bearing. the Kabba district (some of the places from fifty to a hundred miles dis- tant) deputatiol).s of young men, ac-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONAI{Y NEWS

companied occasionally hy chiefs', have 0'clock every morning 20,000 people traveled to Lokoja, urging the mission gather for morning worship in various to send teachers to them. At one sta- villages. This mission is in charge, 0 f tion, Ogidi, so many of the young men the Southern Presbyterian Church. renounced idolatry that when the time of the annual idol sacrifices amI MISCELLANEOUS festivals came round, there were few Miasion. Among Lepers young men to take part in the proceedings and the elders were much incensed. T HERE is no more noble work in They not only prohibited the Christian the world than mission work among teacher and some of the leading Chris- the many lepers 111 the East. The tian adherents from holding church lepers are outcasts from their own peoservices' and school, but expelled them ple and what missionaries do for them from Ogidi and obliged them to take is the only bright spot in their lives. refuge at Kabba. Through the inter- The story of this line of mission work position of the British Resident these is most pathetic. Dr. John Jackson, Christians returned h0111e, but were not secretary of one of the principal missuffered to stay except on the condition sions among lepers in the East, writes of their renouncing Christianity, which as follows in the Sm~day-School Times: of course they declined to do. "India has at least 200,000 lepers. Vast numbers' of them are ,hopeless out- Gospel Light Spreading casts, regarded'as under the very curse of their ,gods, refnsed shelter by their IN the midst of the tumults of the worhl awn kindred and driven out to die as it is refreshing to get good news hom~less wanderers. Stricken by a from remote and quiet mission fields. 'disease that is loathsome, cOiltagious, and incurable, they are surely of all Dr. Leslie, the American Baptist men most miserable. missionary in the Kongo Free States, illustrates the darkness of Africa with "A recent letter from Korea says the story of a young man who, with his that there are probably 30,000 lepers in brother, took his own mother into the that country, of whom the greater forest and buried her alive. This was maj ority are homeless outcasts. done because she had eaten a third ~rother after his death. A man in the "In Tokyo I was informed by the next village accused his mother of sorcery. vVith the assistance of others, he head of the Japanes'e medical departkilled her, cut her body in pieces, awl hung the entrails on a trce by the side ment, that they had officiai knowledge of a path, laying the head close by. of at least 40,000 families in Japan in which leprosy was known to exist. Twenty-two years ago there was not a Experience has shown that it is safe to man in all the Luebo country (Belgian multiply the acknowledged numbers by Kongo) who had heard the name of two or three in order to get at the Jesus Christ. Now there are 10,360 be- actual total. It will thus be seen that lievers and 67,500 adherents. Twenty- if we confine our view to the great two years ago there was not a man there lands of the Orient we are confronted who knew a letter in any alphabet. To- with an appalling mass of hopeless day there .are 7,000 pupils in the various suffering among the lepers of the schools. Twenty-two years ago there twentieth century." was not a man, woman, or child in all the vast region who could utter a syl- OBITUARY NOTES lable of intelligent prayer. Now at six The Toll of Wat Among Missionaries AGAINST their will, Christian mis- sionaries who have been working together for the advancement of the

cause of Christ, have been drawn into loose for a season. Science, learning, opposing forces by the European war. commercial prosperity have failed. It is A German missionary in China, who was time for nations to give the religion of summoned to aid the defenders of Christ a chance. Tsingtau, said to a British missionary: "Brother, pray for me! I go to die, Mrs. E. W. McDowell of MOlul perhaps, for my Kaiser, at the hands of one of the soldiers of your King. I am ON April 16th, Mrs. E. W. McDowell, forced to go. If our nations were bound of MQsul, died at Urumia, Persia. together in love, this terrible slaughter and the sorrows of the little company would not occur," of missionaries there were greatly in- tensified. It is feared by friends fit Already, some British, French, and home that the physical labor and nervous German missionary workers who have strain incident to the effort of the misbeen called to the armies, have been sionaries there for the nearly 15,000 killed; others are imprisoned or in- panic-stricken refugees who have terned. Tweflty-six Church Missionary crowded into the compound, had much Society workers are prisoners of war in to do with her death. She went to the Africa, Pal~stine, and Arabia; German field with her husband in 1887, as a missionaries are interned in British In- missionary of the Presbyterian Board, dia, while those captured in Tsingtao and her ministry in the name of Christ have been sent to Japan. will long be a fragrant memory in Persia. Deaths 'of missionary non-combatants directly or indirectly' due to the war are Mrs. W. A. Shedd of Persia also reported from time to time. On WORD has just been received of anthe steamship Falaba, sunk by the German submarine on Palm Sunday, other missionary's death during the were several missionaries, one of whom, siege of Urumia. Mrs. W. A. Shedd, a Rev. Alec Field, of 'the Church Mission- beloved Presbyterian missionary, sucary Society, lost his life. On board the cumbed to typhoid fever in the mission Lusitania, also sunk without warning by compound, which was crowded with the Germans (May 7th), were several 10,000 Christian refugees who were missionaries. One of them, Rev. James seeking to escape from their Moslem Beattie, of the American Reformed murderers. Church Mission in India, was drowned, while his wife was saved. Dr. Ira M. Condit of California REV. IRA M. CONDIT, D.D.; died Another of the victims of this murderous attack upon innocent women and at Oakland, Cal., on April 24th. He children was Miss Alice Varley, the be- had been identified for many years with loved and efficient associate editor of the missionary work of the Presbyterian the Record of Christian Work. She was Church among the Chinese on the Pathe daughter of the late Henry Varley, cific Coast. His ~ervice for the Chinese the British evangelist, and was hasten- began with five years spent in Canton. ing to the sick bed of her invalid mother. Since his return to America, in 1865, he has devoted himself to the Chinese in In Persia, Mrs. McDowell and Mrs. California, many of whom were ~t­ Shedd, American Presbyterian mission- tracted-by his kindly face, gentle voice aries, have fallen victims to the ravages and winsome manner-to the Master of disease, brought on in the crowded whom he served. He exerted a wide mission compound in Urumia, during the influence over thousands of Chinese, Moslem Jihad against Christians. who, while never openly confessing Christ, yet felt the subtle power of His This is a period when the devil is let Christ-like life. 'til LANDS I BOOKS ON MISSIONS 1 AND Ml3SION / ""'" .~………………~.~…/ / ' .•..•.•~……………..~/.

11 The Kings' Highway. By Helen Barrett pictured. On the one hand they saw Montgomery. Illustrated. 12mo. 272 pp. 50 cents, cloth; 30 cents, paper. Cen- girls who were grandmothers at twenty- tral Committee of United Study of For- eign Missions, West Medford, Mass., five, slave-widows at ten, temple prosti- 1915. The latest volume of the Women's tutes, of whom there are sixty thousand, Foreign Missionary text-books is a study and suffering child-mothers for whom of present conditions on the foreign field, and is a result of the author's recent there was no physician to minister either journey around the world. It is a chatty book full of graphic details of the jour- to body or to soul. On the other hand ney, of pictu-resque description, of interesting interviews, and impressive facts. there are the bright pictures of happy The route of the travelers-for there childhood in Christian schools and were four-Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Mrs. Montgomery, and their two young homes; of splendid specimens of young lady daughters-led them through Europe, into Egypt, by sea to India ami womanhood who have been graduated Ceylon, into Burma, around to China, Korlla and Japan. To follow the travels from Christian colleges, and of noble, of these bright, well-informed, charming women is a rare privilege. They knew native women who are helping to teach what to look for, whom to interview, and Mrs. Montgomery knows how to and uplift their sisters in these mission write the narrative in living pictures. lands. . Of Egypt Mrs. Montgomery truly says: "Many miss the greatest things in Mrs. Montgomery has not only written Egypt. Opprest by the past and stunned by material memorials, they fail a fascinating book for reading and for to study a living force which is recreating a dry land. A breath from .God study, but a prayer book and one as a is blowing through the valley of dry guide for thanksgiving-one to inspire bones." The evils that are rampant in India, gifts and to stimulate missionary work- and that make it one of the most difficult ers. of mission fields, are vividly portrayed. and, in relief, the remarkable achieve- Light from the East: Studies in Japanese ments of Christianity show the power of the Gospel. Naturally the degrada- Buddhism. By Robert Cornell Armtion' and disabilities of women and children most deeply imprest the hearts of strong, M.A., Ph.D. Illustrated. Pp. xv, the travelers. The sorrows and successes of their sisters in Asia are vividly 326. Toronto: University of Toronto.

$1.50. 1914. , The author is evidently dependeilt upon Japanese teachers and authorities with little knowledge of the Chinese texts. Yet this may be the chief quali- fication for his task, in that he does not interpret Chinese or Occidental views into the work. A helpful introduction shows the development of Japanese re- ligion through nature warship to the higher beliefs of Buddhism and Con- fucianism. There is a concise statement of the general teachings of the Shushi School of Confucianism largely affected by Buddhism and Taoism. To this suc- ceeded the 0-Yomei School with its in- tuition, practicality and pantheism. The Classical School, owing much to its two greatest philosophers, Ito Jinsai and formation. The Canadian management Ogiu Sorai, held many beliefs in com- of Indian affairs should be a valuable mon with the Shushi writers, but varied example for the Washington Governfrom them in harking back more to ment to follow. Mr. Moorehead's sugancient kings and sages. The Eclectic gestions for reform are also worthy of School here discust includes only those careful consideration. A National who based their teachings upon COJl- Board of Indian Commissioners should fucianism. This section is too confusing be appointed who would take the I;"dian with its eighty authorities briefly char- question out of politics and remove the acterized. Rev. Danjo Ebina's character- Indians from the power of those who ization of Confucianism, the author's would despoil them. conclusions, and an Appendix upon Japanese Buddhism complete the work. In the Land of the Head Hunters. By Edward S. Curtis. Illustrated. Svo. The book is mainly biographical in Its 113 pp. $1.20. The World Book Commethod, and deals' with the Tokugawa pany, Yonkers, New York, 1915. Confucianism, a period which enables An attractive, beautifully illustrated us to understand Japan and Japanese culture, and whose Confucian culture ex- and weIl-told Indian love story. It replains the Empire's preparation for the marvelous changes of our own genera- veals both the strength and failings of tion. It is a volume greatly helpful to Indian character. Occidental scholars, but absolutely uninteresting to the casual reader. A Man and His Money. A Study in Stewardship. By Harvey Reeves Cal- The American Indian in the United kins. 12mo. 367 pp. $1.00, nct. The States. IS50-1914. By Warren K. Methodist Book Concern, 1914. Moorehead, A.M. I1lustrated. Svo. 440 Wherein" consists the right of owner- pp. The Andover Press, 1914. ship? In toil, in mental prowess, in This is a history and plea for justice physical force, in needs, in gift, in disfor the Indian by a member of the Board of Indian Commissioners. Mr. Moore- covery or in ability to use? Mr. Calkins, head shows that the American Govern- the Methodist stewardship secretary, has ment has hustled the Indian into civiliza- given us in this volume an exceedingly tion without taking the precaution of interesting and profitable discussion of seeing that civilization is introduced into him. The externals of his life have been the old-time problem of ownership. He changed without a corresponding change presents the pagan law of ownership in III himself. The result IS death-a contrast to the Christian law of stewardrnoral, ecoJlomic and spiritual death- ship. The argument is sound and farthrough lack of internal and exten1?.i reaching for those who acknowledge correspondence. Too often the Indian has been offered education, but has not God and seek to discover and obey His learned to use it; he has been given laws. This study, which is vital, not property without knowing how to care mechanical, will prove a valuable source for it, so that unscrupulous white men of information and suggestions to those and half-breeds have coveted and stokn who wish to present the Christian viewhis patrimony. Mr.Moorehead recognizes point of a man and his money. the remarkable character and possibilities of the red men and proves himself The Christian Equivalent of War. By a true friend to the race. His hand- D. Willard Lyon. 12mo. 154 pp. 50 some volume is filled with valuable in- cents. The Association Press, New York, 1915.

In Peace and War in Japan. A Tale by Herbert Moore. 12mo. 152 pp. 2s., net. S. P. G.. London. 1914.

Christ or Napoleon-Which? By Peter Ainslee. 12mo. 96 pp. 50 cents, nct. Revell, 1915. . These three volumes on war, view the subject from very different stand-

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

points. Mr. Lyon clearly and forcibly men for good or for evil. Where the shows what is wrong in war and the good has predominated, the islands like right use of force, and what good may Fiji, and New Zealand, have become come from war. He takes up the teach- Christian; where evil traders and poli- ings of Jesus Christ as throwing light ticians have been in control they have on the subject and shows that He haS' become worse than heathen.

given His church the moral equivalent The present volume is a valuable and of war-with all of its benefits and none interesting study @f Southern Pacific of its curses-in the spiritual campaign Islands and peoples, from scientific, for world conquest. sociological, historical, missionary, com- Mr. Moore has written a story that mercial and educational viewpoints.

pictures the conditions in Japan before Each chapter is written by a specialist, and after the Russo-Japanese conflict, including such authorities as Joseph and the influence on Christian mission- Bryant, of the Scottish Geographical ary work. Society; Dr. George Brown, the Metho- The third volume Is a study of the dist missionary and explorer; Benjamin Cure of Militarism, by a delegate to Danks, missionary secretary of Aus- the Constance Peace Conference, August tralia, and the HOI). Joseph Book, Prime 2, 19I4. The only cure is that provided Minister Qf Australia. The islands in the program of Jesus Christ. under consideration are Tonga, Fiji, Samoa, New Britain, New Guinea, Around the World with Jack and Janet. Solomon Islands, New Zealand, and Aus- By Norma R vVaterbury. Illustrated. 12mo. 758 pp. 30 cents, paper. Central tralia. Many of the Southern Pacific Committee on the United Study of For- islandS' are thus omitted entirely. eign Missions, West Medford, Mass. The story of Christian missions in some Boys and girls will be intensely inter- of these islands is wonderful and full ested in this account of what the of romance. In Fiji, for example, out of American twins saw on their trip a total popUlation of 87,000 there are around the world. It is, in truth, the 80,000 adherents of the mission. There story of what Miss Waterbury saw and are 3,000 more Methodists in Fiji to-day heard in her recent visit to the mission than the total number of Wesleyans at field. It is a wideawake tr.avel book for. the time of John Wesley's death, one junior mission study circles. A great hundred and twenty years ago. Still deal of ~nformation is included in the the problems facing Christianity are record of the trip and letters home. great and difficult. The influx of Hindu . A Century in the Pacific. Edited by laborers in some islands is reintroducing heathenism. There is important work James Colwell. 8vo. 21s., net. Charles H. Kelly, London, 1914. that still demands the oversight and sup- The Southern Pacific has had a re- port of Christian missionaries.

markable development in the past hun- John Hus. By W. N. Schwarze, Ph.D. dred years. Tho the land area is small 12mo. Illustrated. 152 pp. 75 cen!s, and the population comparatively insigni- net. Revell, 1915. ficant, the islands have proved to be strategically and commercially important Five hundred years ago the Bohemian and have been appropriated by Great Britain, France, Germany, and the reformer sealed his testimony at the United States. The Christian missionaries have found in them a difficult but stake. He waS' one of the first of the fruitful field, for the races are primitive and childlike, easily influenced by white Protestant martyrs, and the story of his life should thrill every Christian to-day and should stir men tQ.. new devotio~ sincerity, courage and sacrifice: Thi~ timely volume is a bt~ef, popular story

of the great martyr, the truth for which NEW BOOKS he stood, and the influence he exerted 011 the world: Unity and Missions. Can a Divided Church Save the World? By Arthur Missionar.y Triumphs Among Settlers in Australia and the Savages of the Judson Brown. 8vo. 319 pp. $1.50, net. South Seas. By John Blachet. Illustrated. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1915. 8vo. 285 I>p. 55., net. Charles H. Kelly, Home Missions in Action. By Edith H. London, 1914. Allen. Illustrated. 12mo. 155 PI>. 50 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, The triumphs here narrated are those 1915. of the Methodists in Australia and the The Last War. A Study of Things Pres- South seas in the last one hundred years. ent and Things to Come. By Frederick It is a story full of heroism and adven- Lynch, D.D. 12mo. 118 pp. 75 cents. ture, of sacrifice and spiritual victory. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1915. Among the notable missionaries whose The Fight for Peace. An Aggressive life and work are described are Samuel Campaign for American Churches. By Leigh in Australia, Peter Turner h Sidney L. Gulick, D.D. 12mo. 191 PI>. Samoa, John Hunt and James Calvert in 50 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., . Fiji. It is a volume full of the miracles New York, 1915. of missions, and an unanswerable argu- All Along the Trail. Making the Home-' ment against those travelers who dis- land Better. By Sarah Gertrude Pom- credit missionary activity. eroy. Illustrated. 12mo. 96 pp. 40 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New The City of Dancing Dervishes-and Yo;k,1915 . Other Sketches and Studies from the Converts Through Medical Work. By Near East. By Harry C. Lukach. Illus- Samuel W. W. Witty. 12mo. 59 pp. 6d., trated. 12mo. 257 PI>. 7s. 6d. Macmil- net. Church Missionary Society, Lon- lan & Co., 1914. don, 1915. Phonetics for Missionaries. By G. Noel- These chapters are interesting side- Armfield. W. Heffer & Sons, Ltd., Lon- lights on Moslem lands and peoples. don, 1915. Kania-the ancient Iconium of the Bible Russian Life To-day. By Dr. Bury, -is the city of the dancing dervishes, Bishop for Northern and Central Eu- formerly a class of devotees who claimed rope. 3s. 6d., lIet. Mowbray, London, to go into religious ecstasy by means of 1915. a dizzy whirl. There is'a description Rising Churches in Non-Christian of their city and dance but no study of their philosophy and history. Other Lands. By Arthur J. Brown. 60 cents. chapters relate to· the Khoj i, or religious teacher-to Agshehir-a player also of Missionary Education Movement, New practical jokes; to the origin of the York, 1915. Khalifate, Islam in Turkey, the Grand The Churches at Work. A Statement of Vizier, priests and patriarchs, etc. The the work of the Chu;ch in the Local most important chapter is that dealing Community and the relation of the in- with "The False Messiah," Sabatai, a dividual thereto. By Charles L. Whitt;. Smyrna Jew, who secured a large fol- 60 cents. Missionary Education Move- lowing among the Hebrews in 1666. He ment, New York, 1915. was finally forced to acknowledge his im- Efficiency Points. Studies in Missionary posture and to make public profession of Fundamentals, including the Missionary Islam. It is an interesting story show- Message of the Bible, Service, Giving, ing the credulity of a humanity that will and Prayer. By W. E. Doughty. 25 reject the true and accept the false cents. Missionary Education Movement, Messiah. New York, 1915. Comrades in Service. Twelve Brief Biographies of persons who have spent their lives in service. For Young Men and Young Women seventeen to twenty years of a~e. By Margaret E. Burton. 60 cents. Missionary Education Move- ment, New York, 1915. John Williams, the Shipbuilder. A Biog- raphy of John Williams of the South Sea Islands. For Boys and Girls thir- teen to sixteen years of age. By Basil Mathew'S. 60 cents. Missionary Educa- tion Movement, New York, 1915. A Study of a Rural Parish. A Tested Method for Making a Survey of a Rural Parish. By Ralph A. Felton. 50 cents. Missionary Education Movement, New York,1915.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1915

rOJ2

MISSNON~Y fI~[S I I ®!!I!I!I!llflll!lIUIII!"n!,!!,!!!gi r. In the period since William Carey went to India, the population of the entire world has increased 50 per cent., and the number of Christians ISO per cent. (See page 2.38.) 2. An American diplomat who is a Hebrew, a great American business cor- poration, and a Mohammedan religious organization recently cooperated to relieve the financial troubles of the Christian missionaries in Turkey. (See page I87.) 3. Marriage laws enacted in Cuba during the first American intervention and the influence of Protestant missionaries to replace concubinage by mar- riage have done much to purify the home life in Cuba. (See page I79.) 4. Korean churches have been competing for banners awarded to the ones doing the most preaching per capita, selling the most gospels, and gain- ing the most new members. (See page 235.) 5. The "Peyote worship," which is spreading among American Indians, in- cludes the use of a harmful drug which they call the "Holy Ghost." The results are degrading and disastrous. (See page 201.) 6. The school and church property of the Methodist mission in Queretaro, Mexico, was recently defended from the attacks of a mob by Mexican citizens, the majority of whom were Roman Catholics. (See page I95.) 7. The Chinese Secretary of State in Hangchow accepted Christ and was bap- tized during the Eddy meetings, and at once started Bible classes among his officials and household servants. (See page I70.) 8. The income of the foreign mission boards of the United States and Canada has increased from $7,800,000 in J<)04 to $I7,I60,000 in I9I4. Last year native Christians in mission fields contributed $4,243,000 to the work. (See page 225.) 9. Bibles have been placed in 160,000 American hotel rooms by the Gideons, an organization of Christian commercial travelers. (See page 225.) 10. A negro student in Tuskegee was the successful one among nine thousand competitors in a popular magazine essay contest on "Vhat 'Ve Have Learned About Rum." (See page 226.) I I. More than ten thousand British soldiers on Salisbury Plain have promised to carry a "!'ew Testament with them, and to read a chapter every day. (See page 227.) 12. The report is circulated in Tnrkey that the German nation has been con- verted to Islam, and that the Kaiser is a descendant of Mohammed and is to make the pilgrimage to Mecca. (See page 230.) I3. Poor Siamese lepers, at Chiengmai, have again this year made a generous contribution to the work of the American Bible Society. (See page 232 .) 14. A Chinese Commissioner of Education has asked for one thousand Chris- tian Chinese teachers for his province. (See page 233.)

OF THE OPEN MINDS IN CHINA-EVANGELISTIC MEETING IN

A part of audience in theater at Hangchow listening to Mr. Sherwood Eddy's evangelistic address, October, 1914. There wert: 2,500 inside and 2,000 more outside, waiting for a second meeting. The use of the theater was given free of charge MISSIONARY REVIEW ~",_~V OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII, No. 3 MARCH, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No. 3 Old S,ri,s New S.r;es 1111111 INCREA$ED INTEREST IN LATIN the . questions to be considered in T AMERICA connection with non-Christian coun- HE opening of the Panama Canal, tries were large enough to occupy the increasing trade with our the undivided attention of the Con- Sister Republics, and the Panama ference. It is possible that the Exposition are attracting the atten- omission of Catholic countries from tion of Christians all over the world discussion at Edinburgh has proved to the opportunities and problems in a blessing in disguise since now they Latin America. In February, 1916, are to receive special consideration.

it is proposed to hold a Latin-Amer- by a strong body of men and .women ican Missionary Conference at Pan- to study the peculiar problems in- ama, organIzed by a Committee volved in the work in some of these under the chairmanship of Dr. Robert lands.

E. Speer, of the Presbyterian Board In preparation for the coming re- of Foreign Missions. The Edin- presentative Conference at Panama.

burgh Conference, for reasons that a number of commissions have been seemed to be sufficient to the General appointed to make an investigation Committee, omitted frQm their pro- of Latin America (induding Mexico.

gram the work in Roman Catholic Central America, the West Indies, and Greek Catholic countries. This and South America), and to present was due in part to the desire to win reports on their findings as to the the cooperation of members of the fields occupied and unoccupied, and Anglican Church, and in part to the other phases of the work. These fact that many of the problems in commissions are designated as fol- these mission fields are unique and lows: (1) Survey and Occupation. p.. The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the .pirit of Christ in the of thIa REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positioll8 taken by coa· tributors of slfned articles in these pagn.–EDJrou.

(2) Message and Method. (3) Edu- plans for a redivision of the 'terri- cation. (4) Literature. (5) Wo- tory among the Protestant societies men's Work. (6) The Church in can not be put into effect until some the Field. (7) The Home Base. degree of peace and order have ,(8) Cooperation and Union. been restored. In spite of the dan- Practically all the Protestant so- gers and difficulties some of the cieties of North America have sig- missionaries have remained at their nified their approval and their readi- posts, and a few are planning to ness to cooperate in this Conference. return in the near future.

A special Executive Secretary has Practically all of the societies par- been secured in Mr. S. G. Inman, ticipating in the Mexico Missionary formerly of the, People's Institute at Conference in Cincinnati last June, Piedras ·Negras, Mexico. have reported in favor of some or Following the Conference in Pan- all of the proposed plans of action.* ama, it is proposed to send two The American Baptist Home Mis- deputations to visit the mission sta- sionary Society ,expresses their sym- tions in Latin America, and to hold pathy with the spirit and aim of the post-conferences III western and Conference and approves of the eastern South America and. in plan to establish a joint depository Havana and Mexico. The Inter- for Christian publications III the denominational Committee on Mis- City of Mexico, and for a consoli- sion Study is also planning to pre- dation of lhe present church papers.

pare mission study courses on the They question the advisability of Two Americas for 1916. Thus at- establishing a joint training-school tention will be focussed on the needs for Christian workers, but recog- and opportunities in these important nize the desirability of uniting in countries. It is expected that at other educational work. They agree least 300 delegates will meet to- to the general recommendati~ns for gether in Panama, representing all the division of territory, but do not the Protestant Mission Boards con- approve of the adoption of a com- ducting work in Latin America. mon name (the Evangelical Churches Possibly as large and pennanent re- of Mexico) for all Protestant Mexi- sults will come from their deliber- can churches.

ations as have followed the Edin- The Domestic and Foreign Mis- burgh Conference. Christians in sionary Society of the Protestant every land are asked. to remember Episcopal Church expresses its sat- this proposed conference and its isfaction in the spirit of cooperation various committees in prayer. proposed, but can not act on the ques- tion of division of territory since THE PROGRAM FOR MEXICO this is determined by the General Convention and the work is com- T HE hoped-for solution of Mex- mitted to the bishops elected for the field. For similar reastM'ls they find ico's internal troubles has not it difficult to cooperate in the plans for union educational institutions. yet been discovered, or at least the I remedy has not taken visible effect.

Missionary work by foreign agents is practically at a standstill and the 'See REVIEW for September, page 641.

OF THE

Bishop Aves has exprest his interest of German-Austrian defeat, or the in the proposals of the Conference request of Turkey for peace, France and has promised to take up the may ask to work out her ambition in matter with missionaries of other Syria, and an international comchurches in Mexico. mission may take control of the HOly City and the Holy Land. Meanwhile, There is every reason to believe the balances of war are possibly that with the establishment of peace ,waiting the hour when the Jewish in this distracted country and the purse will decisively turn the scales. return of the missionaries there will Palestine and the Jewish purse are be a great advance in many direc- now inseparable, and the price of tions. Native pastors and other peace for the Turk may be the long- Christian workers have, so far as looked-for restitution of political possible, kept up the work in the freedom to the Jew in the land that absence of the missionaries, and if God gave to his fathers. a just and strong government is established the hindrances to evan- If such an event takes place, what gelical work, which have prevented will be the result for Christian misgreat progress in the past, will sions? Will the door be closed ?By largely be removed. no means. Liberty must first be guaranteed to Jew, Moslem, ,and TTHE OUTLOOK IN PALESTINE Christian on equal terms. When the HE recent attack on the Suez Jews recover the Holy Land then Canal has directed particular at- look for other fulfilments of prophtention to Palestine and the vexed ecy. political problem there. That the attack has actually been made has sur- Whatever the immediate issue, Moprized missionaries and others who hammedan intolerance and Turkish have recently been in Egypt and Palestine. It is another proof that exclusiveness can never again hold T u r key is stumbling to a fall. unhindered sway in Palestine. Nei- Nothing but an Egyptian insurrec- ther Jew nor Christian will consent tion, of which there is no sign, or a to this. When Turkey took Italy's miracle of war, can give success to place in the Triple Alliance that such an invasion by the Turks. Their question was settled. The giUled bait little army may easily be enveloped caught the Moslem fish, with the in the desert they are seeking to usual result to the fish, and the ancross, and their retreat may be cut off gler may not be able to retain undisby a comparatively small force of puted possession. British or French landed in Palestine. A British conquest of Palestine is far There was a remarkable awakenmore probable than a Turkish vic- ing in the Moslem mind in Palestine tory at the Canal. just before the war, but that Opell- mindedness suddenly turned to a British diplomats deny that they flame of passionate hatred against have any territorial designs on Pales- everything foreign. There will, no tine, but events may· precipitate an doubt, be a reaction when peace reunexpected program. In the event turns. That will be the day of op- portunity for Christian mlSSlOns. There will be then no time for prep-

aration; the Church must be ready then the work has grown, a new for immediate action. If advantage building has been purchased in can be taken of the opportunity that Cairo, and the publication and dis- will undoubtedly be presented after tribution of Khutbas (sermonic . the war, days will show greater prog- tracts) and other volumes has in- ress than months in the lagging past. creased to over fifty thousand copies, Why may not Palestine yet become a and these have gone into nearly new center, as in the days of the forty different countries where Mos- Apostles, for the evangelism of Tur- lems reside. key and Russia, Western Asia, Arabia, and Africa? Some thirty thousand dollars was contributed from America for the AMERICAN WORK FOR MOSLEMS new premises and about three thou- A sand dollars a year is sent by the LITTLE over twenty-five years New York committee for publica- ago two young men, Samuel M. tion work. Friends have increased Zwemer and James Cantine, with in number and have recently organrare courage, dedicated their lives ized an "American Christian Literto the work of preaching the Gospel ature Society for Moslems." in order . to Moslems. They selected Arabia that they may increase their activias the most neglected and difficult of ties and range of service. The . all the Mohammedan lands and set Directors include. Dr. Robert E. out to plant a Christian lighthouse on the East coast of that Peninsula. Speer. of the Presbyterian Board, American missionaries had gone to Dr. James L. Barton. of the Amer- Moslem lands before and were at ican Board, Dr. Frank Mason North, work in Egypt and Turkey, in Persia of the Methodist Board. and Dr. and India, but since these young men Charles R. Watson, of the United became champions of the cause, in- Presbyterian Board. The Treasurer terest in this difficult work has is Mrs. E. E. Olcott. of New York, and the Secretary is Mrs. James M. steadily increased. The campaign is better organized and the conversion Montgomery. * of Mohammedans seems less hopeless. , The new Society was successfully Ten years ago the Nile M~ssion launched at a parlor meeting in New Press was started for the purpose York City on January 29th, at the of printing and distributing Chris- . home of Mr. and Mrs. Olcott, and tian .Literature to Moslems. The the membership includes over one hun- Executive Committee is in Great dred friends of missions to Moslems, Britain, while the Press is located in from many evangelical denominations. Cairo. About four years ago Dr. The. Constitution states that the ob- Zwemer was called from Arabia to ject of the Society is to assist the Nile devote a portion of his time to the Mission Press and similar agencies in preparation of this literature and the preparation, publication, and disto assist in the direction of the Press. tribution of Christian literature to At the same time aNew York com- Moslems.

mittee was formed as an auxiliary *Writ~ to Box 888, N~w York City, for further to the London committee. Since information. .

GROWTH OF AMERICAN FOREIGIII Missions is indicated in the valuable MISSIONS statistics prepared by the Home Base Committee of which Dr. F. P. Hag- TWO outstanding addresses at the gard is chairman. These figures show Foreign Missions Conference of a large increase. in missionary gifts in North America, which met at Gar- North America since 1901, when the den City, January 13th-14th, were Dr. John R. Mott's masterly report statistics then ;lvailable reported $6,- of his recent visit to Great Britain, France, and Germany, and Mr. Sher- 228,000 (home income). Last year, wood Eddy's remarkable story of the according to Dr. Haggard, $17,168,- recent evangelistic campaign in China. 000 was given for the same purpose (This latter is printed on another -an increase of nearly 300 per cent. page.) Another unique feature of This is one million dollars larger the Conference was the announce- than the amount reported last year, ment of a conditional gift of $50,000 and ten million dollars in advance of a year for five years from the Rocke- that given ten years ago. A very feller Foundation for the inter- noticeable increase in the last ten denominational work of the Ameri- years. has been the amount given by can Foreign Missions and of the native Christians-an advance from Continuation Committee of the Edin- $1,000,000 to $4,236,009. Surely the burgh Conference. This is some- native churches are developing in seIfthing new in large gifts and is only support. conditioned on the raising of an additional $20,000 to complete the bud- The whole number of Protestant J{et. The Rockefeller gift has en- mISSIonaries supported by North abled the interdenominational com- American churches is nearly 10,000; mittees and organizations to estab- in 1904 there were only 5,489. The lish headquarters at 25 Madison native Christian workers have also Avenue, New York, to house the doubled in number during the same Student Volunteer Movement, the decade, and now 50,000 are employed various interdenominational commit- in these missions. The total memtees, and the growing missionary li- bership of churches connected with brary. The budget of the Student American missions is 1,439,000, an Volunteer Movement is not included increase of nearly 200 per cent. since in the' $70,000 toward which the 1904; 159,000 converts were added Rockefeller Foundation has made its last year, three times the number addlarge gift. After five years the ed in 1904. Foundation fund is to be decreased at the rate of $5,000 a year. The AMERICAN HOME MISSIONS Committee of Reference and Council of the Foreign Missions Confer- T HE Home Missions Council, ence has asked for authority to become incorporated, in order that they which held its annual meeting in . may care for these funds satisfac- New York, January 12th to 14th, torily. reported important progress in the s?lution of interdenominational prob- The growth of American Foreign lems. The churches and societies represented in this Council contrib- ute $12.450,210 a year to home mis- sion work. This includes for:

Church Sustentation ……….. $2,157,527 larger sacrifice in substance and life. General Evangelism ………..• 1,638,048 Cooperation is to be given by the American Indians ………….• 944,315 Work for Immigrants …•….• 424,334 Boards represented in' the Council in Work for MOl;lntaineers ……• 319,271 the coming United Campaign of the Work for Negroes .•……….. 702,832 Laymen, and in the use of United Work for Orientals in U. S. A." 129,399 Mission Study text-books. Next Work for Other Dependent year the course is to take up "The 120,553 Church and the Nations" (the Native Peoples ……………….. . 135,043 Church). Work for Alaska …………. . 181,496 Work for Cuba ………….. . 62,318 Some of the greatest strides in Work for Hawaii ………… .

Work for Mexico ………… . 104,598 Home Mission work during recent Work for Philippines …….. . 83,457 Work for Porto.Rico …….. .. 203,239 years have beep in relation to the Work for Sunday-schools …. . 81,525 Education ……………….. . 959,001 immigrant problems. The services Publication ………………. . 450,499 of the Rev. J. H. Berry have recently been secured to study how best to Administration …………… . 690,893 reach these incoming millions at the Specials and Miscellaneous ….. . 858,223 various ports of entry. Plans are $12,450,210 being formulated to give various denominations special responsibility The largest amount is this, ex- for definite concentrated groups of pended on the support of mission foreigners in America. churches, and· the next largest on "S evangelism. The Presbyterian Board WHAT SHALL B~ DONE?

of Home Missions represents the HALL we aU become Chris- largest budget with $1,490,338, and tians?" asked caste leaders in '

the Methodist Board is second with a council in an Indian community $959,697 (not including the appor-. which includes 2IO villages and over tionments through annual confer- 3,000 souls. These people of the ences. The increase in the reported United Provinces voted to hold a big total incomes fol' the year is nearly council meeting to discuss the sub- two million dollars. ject. Rev. J. T. Robertson, of the The Council strongly advocated a Methodist Board of Foreign Mis- unified program of Home Missionary sions, asks that this incident be pre- Education, to include (I) The church sented . to the praying people of service and pastor; (2) the prayer America. "If these people decide to meeting; (3) the Sunday-school; become Christians, as we believe that (4) the women; (5) the young they will-then they must all be taken people; (6) .Mission Study classes; at once while they are willing, (7) books; (8) periodicals; (9) en- or the opportunity wi11 be lost. Then listment of,~ volunteers, and (IO) the problem will be to care for them.

every – member canvass. This pro- Last year the Methodists reported gram should .have before· it the ob- 1,158 baptisms in Bulandshahr, and jective to produce conviction as to this year the converts in the same the need of more efficiency in the district numbered 3,032. Such suc- local parishes and the nation, to cess is an' embarrassment, but it is a deepen the prayer Iiie, and caU iprth sign of the times in India."

EVENTS

March loth to 14th-ParEament of Churches in Toronto, Canada. I 3th-The 100th anniversary of the Birth of James C. Hepburn, 1815. 14th-60th anniversary of United Brethren Foreign Missions. 17th to 19th-Ohio l'1cthodist Men's Convention, Columbus, Ohio. 29th-The 75th anniversary of the Birth of Isabella Thoburn, 1840.

April 1st-The lOoth anniversary of the Birth of Villiam C. Burns, ISIS.

May 12th to 17th-Southern Baptist Convention, Houston, Texas. 19th to 26th-Northern Baptist Convention, Los Angeles, Cal. 19th-Presbyterian United Movement Conference, Rochester, K. Y. 20th-The 225th anniversary of the Death of John Eliot, 1690. 29th–The lo)£h anniversary of the Basel Missionary Society, ISIS.

June 4th-The 50th anniversary of the Birth of George L. Pilkington, 1865. 4th to 14th-Y. W. C. A. Studcnt Conference. Blue Ridge, N. C. 18th to 28th-Y. VV. C. A. Student Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y. 23rd to 27th-International Missionary Union, Clifton Springs, N. Y. 23rd to July 2nd-Y. W. C. A. Student Conferencc, Eagles Mere, Pa. 25th-Jubilee of the China Inland Mission, founded 1865. 25th to July 4th-Missionary Education M ovt. Conf., Blue Ridge. :f. C. 30th-The 600th anniversary of the Martyrdom of Raymond Lull, 1315.

July 2nd to IIth-Missionary Education Movnnent Conf., Asilomar, Cal. 6th-Five hundredth Anniversary of the Martyrdom of John Hus. 7th to 12th-Fifth vVorld Christian Endeavor Convention, Chicago, Ill. 9th-The 75th anniversary of the Martyrdom of nine Malagasy Chris- tians, IS40. 9th to 18th-Missionary Education }v[ovement Conf., Silver Bay, N. Y. 16th to 25th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Estcs Park, Colo. 20th to 3oth-Y. [17. C. A. City Conference, Silver BGY, N. Y. 21st to 31st-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, Blue Ridge, N. C. 22nd to 30th-l1[issiol1ary Education it[ovement Conf., Ocean Park, Me. 23rd-The looth anniversary of the Baptism of Africaner, ISIS.

August 1st to 3rd-V/orld's Bible Congress, San Francisco, Cal.

6th to 15th-Missiollary Education Movement Confel'ence, Lake Geneva. 6th to 16th-Y. W. C. A. Student Conference, Asilomar, Cal. loth to 15th-International Convention of Young People's Alliance of the Evangelical Association, Lomira, 'Visconsin. 13th to 23rd-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, Lake Geneva. 13th to 23rd-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, Estes Park, Colo.

S a.me of the 4,000 students leavi ng the pavilion erected fo r the meetings conducted by Mr. Sherwood Eddy, with the permission o f the Government

to the Sacred Alta r, where the Emperor formerl y worshipped. For the fi rs t time in histor y Ch ristia n mee tings we re conducted within th e precincts of the Forbidden City The Four thousand Chinese stud ents listening to the Gospel at Mr. Eddy's opening meeting in the specially erected pavilion in Peking CHRISTIA N EVANGELISTIC MEETINGS INSIDE THE FORBIDDEN CITY, PEKING, CHINA, sEPrEMBER, 1914

NEW OPEN DOORS IN

Educated Chinese outside the theater ill Hangchow, waiting for an opportunity to hear the Gospel at the Eddy Evangelistic Meetings The Wide-Open Door In China BY MR. GEORGE SHERWOOD EDDY* Secretary,for Asia.,-Foreign Department of the International Y. M. C. A.

~~~?lS~T would be wrong to Christian forces in every city and ~ suppose that the won- province where meetings were con- 'derful responsiveness ducted. Nor do I wish to give the of 'the students of impression that the' work was easy, China in the Evan- or that the victory has been won, for gelistic campaign this it bristles with unsolved problems and difficulties. year was accidental or wholly spontaneous. It followed the most care- During 'the last few months' in ful preparation and organization on China we visited thirteen cities. Bethe part of the Christian leaders in ginning at Tientsin, we went thence China, who combined' prayer' and to Peking, then to Paoeting-fu, then pains,fiith and works, with de- to the city of Chang-sha, in Hunan pendence on God and the best human Province; thence to Wu-chang, Sooorganization. Then, again, we must chow, and Hangchow, down the coast not think of it as the work of any to Foochow, Amoy, Hong Kong, and one man or group of men, nor of any Canton-thirteen provincial capitals organization or grottp of orgillliza- and metropolitan cities. tions. It represented the united Without stopping, to tell of the ~From an address at Garden City, L, r., January 14, 1915; wltb',extracts fr~m tetters.

work in all these cities, I will take' were enrolled in Bible classes in only four that are typical. The re- twelve churches in different parts of sults may not be as great in some of the city.* these four as in other places, but they It is a great problem how to lead stand as illustrations of four different the educated Chinese, composed of of- types. ficials, modern Government students, We began work in Peking in Sep- and commercial men, into the' church- tember,. where I had a most enjoy- es, which are generally made up of able half-hour with President Yuan the lower classes. But t wei v e Shih Kai. He is China's strong man churches are in line in their efforts to-day, and exprest an interest in to reach those literati, and to main- the meetings. He does not profess tain Bible classes for them.

to be either a Christian or a Con- More than two thousand inquirers fucianist; he is a practical man of in Peking exprest their desire to affairs. China has not thus far made study the Bible in groups. Last year, Confucianism the state religion, and with far less preparation, five hun- while the President, the Governors, dred non-Christians were in Bible and certain officials worship Heaven classes and more than ISO of these or Confucius, it is never obligatory. were later received' by the churches.

The President, altho not a deeply The results this year will be far religious man, sees the alarming greater. The response of the officials growth of immorality, with the break- and leaders of China was most no- down of old standards before table in the capital city, which has new ones have been formed, and he long been the most conservative believes in supporting morality or center of China. At one meeting any religion that will uphold the for inquirers who were deemed near State. The Vice-President also re- the point of decision for the Chris- ceived us very cordially, and gave us tian life there were present one an opportunity to present Chris- former governor, two generals, a tianity to him. private secretary to the President, The change in Pekin, compared the director of China's national bank, with fourteen years ago, is striking. prominent officials, and a young non- In 1900 the Boxers were killing our Christian philanthropist who has given Christians, and attempting to drive this year $I2,000 to Christian work.

foreigners out of China. This year, My interpreter was a young man re- for the first time, the Chinese officials cently converted in prison. His opened the Forbidden City, where the father was the governor of four foot of the "foreign devil" was for- provinces, his uncle the celebrated merly never permitted to rest, and Marquis 'Tsun, China's minister to gave us a site fnr our tabernacle England and Russia, his grandfather right near the palaces of the boy Em- China's greatest statesman, Tsen Quo peror, and close to the sacred altar Fan. Tho a recent convert, he has where the Emperor annually wor- become a bold witness for Christ. shipped. Four thousand students as- In this small group there were three sembled in this tabernacle to hear the men of prominent official position Gospel, and some six hundred men *See account on page 5 (January).

WIDE-OPEN DOOR IN CHINA 169

who had all been baptized and be- as they were convinced that His come earnest Christian workers dur- claims were just. ing the year. Probably in no other country in the· world to-day are the Four years ago, immediately after officials so accessible to Christianity the meetings in Hangchow, the prinas in China. cipals and teachers of the government colleges strictly forbade the attendance . When we reached Hangchow, we of the students at Bible classes and went from the railway station to the opposed our work. This year, howmodern theater which had been se- ever, these same principals invited us cured for the meeting. The Con- to a banquet, thanked us for helping fucian owners of the theater had can- them in their work for the students, THE EVANGELISTIC MEETING FOR WOMEN IN HANGCHOW, OCTOBER, 1914 celled an entertainment scheduled and received cordially an address.·.in there, and gave us the use of the which we asked for the opening of theater free of charge, which would the government schools to voIunt~y have been twelve hundred dollars. Bible classes. One is deeply iJn- The Governor granted a haH-holiday, prest, in going from city to ·city, in order that the students might at- with the open-mindedness of· the tend the meetings, and they all came. Chinese leaders to-day. Our. ·inter- When we arrived at the theater, we preter at these meetings was Mr. C. found twenty-five hundred students, T. Wang, the young Christian statesofficials, and business men, filling man of China, formerly a member of every seat up to the top gallery, and Yuan's Cabinet and Vice-President two thousand were waiting outside. of the National Senate. He is now The same thing was repeated the next National Secretary of the Y. M, C. A. day. About a thousand of these men signed cards, promising to study the The Governor of the province life of Christ and follow Him so far asked us to a banquet, at which were present many young progressives who

THE SPECIAL MAT SHED ERECTED FOR THE EVANGELISTIC MEETINGS IN CHANGSHA had made a fight for righteousness first he asked for private baptism, but I said, "Let us be plain; we must and against opium. The young inter- be courageous, and work for the glory of Jesus Christ. Will you go preter and I went from our knees to down to the little church and be baptized in public?" that meeting with the Governor. "I will," he said. The following F or an hour we presented Jesus day this fearless man took the chair at the meeting and stated publicly Christ to that Governor and Secre- that he had decided to become a Christian. Even the non-Christian tary of State, Mr. S. T . Wen. Fin- students broke into applause. The next Sunday he went down and gave ally, I said to the Secretary, as I his testimony before the people in the little church. He said, "I may lose took out my Testament: "Mr. Wen, my official position, but I take my stand to-day once for all for Jesus when the eunuch had heard the Gos- Christ." Over a thousand young men Ilad signed as inquirers in the theater pel that Philip preached to him, he meetings, and Mr. Wen said, "I can not ask them to join the church if I ' said: • do not lead the way." He immediate- ly -started Bible classes among his "'What doth hinder me to be household servants and officials; and on the last day of meetings in China, baptized ?' What hinders you from when illness prevented me from con- ducting the meetings as scheduled, becoming a Christian here and Mr. Wen came down and carried now?" Mt:. Ven replied: "Mr.. Eddy, some day I will; but now it would complicate my official position. Some day I will retire from political life and go into private life and become a Christian."

"Why not do it now?" I urged.

"We need Christian leaders now.

Will you not do it now?"

He answered: "I will!' Then we shook hands, and I said: "Mr. Wen, when will you do it?"

"Next Sunday," he replied. At

WIDE-OP~N DOOR IN

them on with 11r. C. T. Wang. I there were but four Christians in this have seldom seen a man more 10- part of the empire. He himself was stantly trnsformed in his character driven out of the city by the mob. than was that man, a witness known To-day, practically every student in of all men. the city was attending the meetings, as well as the leaders of every ~ec­ vVe went to Foochow, at the invi- tion of the community. More than tation of the Governor, the Chamber of Commerce, and all of the Confu- sixteen hundred students and youns cian College presidents. (It. was there that eleven missionaries were torn men enrolled themselves as inquirers limb .fr0111 limb by the angry mob to join Bible classes to study the fOl1r twenty years ago.) Now, when I Gospels. went to the Guild Hall, I found two . The Governor asked us to dine with thousand inside, and fifteen hundred him and other officials. I had some more outside waited there an hour charts that showed the material bankto get in anel hear the Gospel. The ruptcy of China caused by her moral same thing took place the next day. bankruptcy, which was in turn caused by her spiritual bankruptcy, bec~use Sitting on the platform was the she had left God out of account. aged Archdeacon VloHe. When he After explaining this I presented arrived in China fifty-two years ago Jeslls Christ as the only hope of CHINESE OFFICIALS AT EVANGELISTIC MEETINGS IN FOOCHOW In the front row are Mr. Sherwood Eddy and (on his right) the Governor-General and other Qfficials of Fukien Province, at a special lecture by Professor Robertson, in connection with the evangelistic campaign, October. 1914

China. We had an open hearing for sent men out into the province in Jesus Christ that night, before the teams of two, one Chinese and one Governor and his officials, and I foreigner. The results in those sec- presented the Governor with a Bible. ondary cities were proportionately An official who was present is to be greater than in the larger cities. In baptized within two months. one place three Buddhist priests Two days after the meetings the joined a Bible class.

Governor subscribed several thousand The darkest and hardest city was dollars toward the purchase of a site Canton-the center of new revolu- for a new Y.M.C.A. building in the tions against the Government. The student quarter. Some forty edu- day that we arrived a bomb was cators and college principals, with thrown that killed twelve men. A the Minister of Education, gave us a battle had been fought within seven banquet on another evening and said miles of the city. All public meet- to us in an address: "Confucianism ings of every nature were forbidden, alone can not save China. We need and the great shed that had been the moral dynamic .and principle of erected for our meetings was taken pr<;>gress which Christianity can give. down before we arrived. What could Christianity has long appealed to the be done? On our arrival the Gov- lower classes, but has not the time ernor 'called together all of the col- now come for you to appeal to the lege principals of the city and gave leaders and· 'educated men of the us an opportunity to present the Gos- nation?" Several of these college pel message first to them. Then principals exprest a desire to study they invited us to the colleges; there the life of Christ, and a number was no law against that, so that for offered us the privilege of opening the first time in history many col- Bible classes in the government col- leges in Canton opened to the mis- leges themselves. The Chamber of sionary message.' Their great law Commerce invited us to address school alone has seven hundred stu- them on two successive evenings. dents. We could only take about five More than a hundred of these men colleges a day, and held one meeting promised to join Bible classes to in a church, where five hundred and make a study of the New Testament. thirty Confucianists signed as inquir- A few years ago there was no ers and bought Bibles. The next Chamber of Commerce here and these Sunday seventy-five men were bap- men would have been deeply hostile tized. The terms of baptism were to Christianity. always fixt by the local church bodies.

But the significant thing about that A hundred and fifty non-Christian province was the new plan of a students in Canton decided to enter province-wide campaign in which all the Christian life, including sixty the Chri?tians were united. Six hun- medical students. One college prin- .ared Chinese pastors, laymen, and cipal writes: "Weare full to over· l~aders were called together for a flowing with joy. On Sunday we re- week's training conference at Foo- ceived into the church forty-two stu- chow and Amoy. After they had dents and sixteen others. I have attended the central meetings we never seen anything like it in this

WIDE-OPE~ DOOR IN CHINA

school." Even more important was When we arrived there we fo~nd that the Training Conference for Chris- the Lieutenant-Governor had sent out tian workers. We found gathered his proclamation announcing the here a thousand Christians and work- meetings to such an extent that they ers of all denominations, including a did not dare give out tickets for the hundred and fifty from outlying meeting. AlI of these audiences were cities and towns who had come in to not people admitted from the streets; attend this training conference in they were picked audiences of those preparation for a province-wide cam- three classes, officials, students, and paign next year for the Kwangtung business men. In order to gain ad- Province, which numbers thirty-seven mission to the evangelistic meetings millions of inhabitants. men were compeIIed to go to a cer- In Canton a thousand Christians tain place and sign written applica- gathered for a training conference, tions. Eight thousand men came in many coming from other centers. advance and signed those applica- They are now preparing for a prov- tions. The opening night five thou- ince-wide campaign for next year. In sand gathered-the place only held two fact, other provinces are asking for thousand, and had to be fiIled three these province-wide campaigns. times. The next day it rained, Some of the Results and as in China they don't go out in the rain, I did not expect that a meet- Our campaign this year was quite ing would be held. I was taking din- different from that held last year in ner at six o'clock, when I was sum- many respects. First, there was a moned by a messenger to come at larger hearing on the part of the stu- once. Three thousand men had come, dents. Last year t/:te student audi- and they sat while the rain dript ences averaged about two thousand a down, some of them wiping the rairt night; this year they averaged over from the seats. For one hour they three thousand every night at the listened as we talked about sin, their public meetings. sins-gambling, graft, and the sins Second: for the first time also this that are honeycombing the life of year the officials were ready to give China. One business man who signed an honest hearing to the Gospel of a card got ten others to join his class.

Jesus Christ. The President, the Men said, "Wherever there is a Vice-President, members of the Cab- Christian to teach you can form inet, and the Governors of almost classes all over the city."

every province that we visited, either Some New Problems erected pavilions for the meetings or The work this year also raised new gave the students half-holidays, or· problems. I will mention only three invited us to a banquet, with an op- in passing. The revival of Con- portunity to address the officials. fucianism is very sure to come in this Third: a beginning was made not decade. The door will not forever only with the students but with the remain open to Christianity as at merchant class, who are harder to present. The movement toward Con- reach than the students. We tested fucianism is not united, it is not selfthis in the great port city of Amoy. conscious y~t, but it is growing. One

party is trying La prCl110te a material- Lastly, we have to face the probistic movement, but a far larger party lem raised by this war. Not only is is trying to strengthen the religious the Chinese Government seriously element in Confucianism. It reminds embarassed, but our home base is me of an old watch that has run threatened at a time' that calls for down, into which they are going to advance and not retreat. I expected put a new mainspring, the main- that this war would cripple the meetspring of patriotism and nationalism, ings far more than was the case. For so that the old watch will not only instance, in Shanghai I was introkeep time, but will go faster than the duced to the late Premier, and I normaL I no longer dread that move- said to him: "Will you accept Jesus ment, however, after what I have seen. Christ ?" He replied: "Then I see Europe drenched in the blood of As in the war in Europe, every your so-called Christians, and when time there is a change on the part of I see the foreign city of Shanghai the enemy, there must be a new flowing free with opium, six hundred alignment by the other side; so the shops, to curse our nation, I do nQt churches must form a new alignment want to put my foot in that mess to meet these new conditions. In that you people have made of Chrissome places the Chinese churches tianity." have been so long accustomed to deal with the lower classes, that they do I hung my head with shame. I ex'- not know how to go out and meet pected that this would be the attitude with warm hand these men of the of the students; but it was not. They upper Classes. Then there are not hardly know that war is wrong. They enough trained Bible teachers to meet are ready to listen to the claims of them and shepherd the inquirers. The Christ and are ready to join Bible wonderful growth of the Christians, classes by thousands, and to join the however, is encouraging. church by hundreds.

The Christian forces are many times When was there a time when the as effective as they were four years leaders of a nation of over four hunago. Then, after the meetings, the dred millions, one-quarter of the huinquirers would slip right through our man race, after four thousand years fingers; but now the Christians are of preparation, after a hundred years growing in the thoroughness and de- of missionary work, were so open to votion of their follow-up work. the Gospel of Christ as in China to- It is inspiring to see three or four day? Will you call for retreat or for hundred Christians praying and the crippling of forces to-day? Not pleading with inquirers, and grap- only in those few cities, but in all pling with a great situation. That is parts of China, not only for the upbound to lift their Christian life. We per classes, but for all classes, the do not go into any city or province Church ought to advance. Every unless all the church bodies unite, church in America ought to support and set apart local leaders to follow the work for a great evangelistic adup the· work, with Bible-class lead- vance. The door is wide open, but ers. None the less, the great prob- the opportunity may pass. lem is the Chinese churches.

RECENT PUBLIC I MPROVEM E N T I N

The Ce ntral Railwa y Sta tio ll , opene d in 1913, cost $5,000,000. There are fift y train s a day ea ch way Fifteen Years In Cuba RESULTS AND PRESENT STATUS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CUBA BY REV. J. MILTON GREE NE, D.D., HAVANA, CUBA Superintendent of the P resbyterian (North) Mission IlAJN article on "Protest- The blessing of God upon our ~ ant Missions in Cuba," work in Cuba has been so marked written by Richard and the response to our efforts has Sumerle Maher, and been so hearty on the part of in- ~ published in the Cath- creasing thousands, that we are at a otic World of Novem- loss to account fo r the basis of the ber 19, 1914, makes statements so statements in Mr. Maher's article.

strangely and glaringly aside from They seem to have been born of the the truth that I feel impelled to give imagination. 'When I recall, for ex- the real facts of the case concerning ample, an experience last year, when the need, the fruits, and present I organized two churches, one of S8 status of evangelical work .in the members and another of r4, baptizing island. For thirteen years I have them all, and marryi ng. in the fIrst been in closest touch with these case, 7 couples, all of whom were activities, and have been at pains to parents, and several of them grand- verify a t fIrst hand the data con- . parents, all but one having been born tained in this article. out of wedlock, and all being Cubans,

UNDER THE OLD REGIME IN CUBA The Malecon (driveway) as it was before the first intervention by the United State.

I am imprest anew with the need and tolerance of the opinions of for Protestant mission work, as seen others. The Protestant missions have in social conditions. taught the people to examine all things and to hold fast that which is It also appears how important and good. Thus while able to give a vital are the reconstructive influences reason for the hope that is in them, which proceed from Protestant mis- and with the moral courage of their sions. Another instance, that oc- intelligent convictions, they have a curred last year, was the reception in larger charity for those who differ our Vedado congregation of four from them in religious belief. This married couples and their children. was sorely needed in Cuba to sup- Hundreds of youth of both sexes in plant the hatred which formerly preour Bible Classes and Endeavor So- vailed so extensively. The quickencieties have had their ideals of life ing of intellectual life, the purification elevated and purified and their moral of domestic conditions, the inculcanature strengthened under the influ- tion of industry as a religious virtue, ence of an open Bible and the simple the condemnation of the lottery and Gospel. These young people are other forms of gambling, all these to-day enthusiastic champions of a and other similar influences have patriotism free -from the trammels of created an atmosphere which we are ignorance, superstition and immor- wont to consider the indirect result ality. They are conspicuous in their of Protestantism. various communities, for civic righteousness and social rectitude. Remembering the American inter- vention for Cuban independence and Nor can I forget the immense ad- the disinterested attitude of the Am– vantage of a spirit of investigation

YEARS IN CUBA

UNDER THE NEW REGIM E IN CUBA The Malecon (driveway) as it was im proved after the first intervention by the United S tates erican Government, the masses of sonal observation an d from the testithe Cuban people are quick to dis- mony of Catholic friends we judge cern in all this the outworking of that Protestant example has stimu- Protestant principles in contrast with lated the priests to a higher moral and the four centuries that preceded. evangelical tone in their pUlpit utter- The result is a predisposition to re- ances. They have also been stirred ceive gratefully whatever of good we up to repair their dingy church edihave to offer them. This is also fices and to furnish them with pews very frequently recognized by Roman instead of leaving the faithful, as Catholic friends . SCdrcely a day formerly, to stand, kneel or sit upon passes that we are not invited to open the cold stone floors. work in new centers. On every hand are many sympathizers who say The other noticeable effect is the frankly that we may count on th~ir very marked decrease in ten years ·of moral support, altho for personal and the number living in concubinage. domestic reasons they can not yet W herever Protestant influence ' exopenly affiliate with us. This means, tends, marriage is insisted upon as an in most cases, that the wives, moth- ordinance of God, and concubinage is ers, or sweethearts oppose their join- set forth as a sin. Our clergy are ing the Protestant Church. always ready to solemnize marriages without any charge, thus lifting from Two other beneficial effects of Protestant work may be mentioned. the people the heavy yoke fonnerly The first is the noticeable change in imposed upon them in the excessive the few sermons preached by the marriage fees demanded by the priests. Roman Catholic priests. From per- In order to appreciate the results of Protestant missionary work in

Cuba one must bear in mind the census showed the number of those physical, intellectual, social and reli- living in confused concubinage to be gious environment existing in the r68,c){Xl. island at the close of the Spanish war. It is a type of civilization which In religion almost everyone was may justly be termed unique and is labelled a Roman Catholic, having essentially what was found in all the been baptized as such in infancy, but former Spanish colonies. It is a civil- with at least 90 per cent. of the male ization hobbled, handicapped, re- popUlation there was no evidence in prest, cast in the mold of an in- daily life of a fear of God, obedience veterate traditionalism and saturated to His commandments or devotion to the Savior. For wholesale worldli- ONE OF THE NATURAL PRODUCTS OF CUBA Children in Havana growing up uneducated and indifferent to responsibilities with]esuitical principles. Here were ness and sinful indulgence no other found the two extremes of wealth and day was equal to the Sabbath. Expoverty, culture and ignorance, moral- c~pt on festal occasions the many ity and laxity, churchliness and indif- cathedrals and churches were very ference-with the second element in sparsely attended. Nine-tenths of each case overwhelmingly in the as- those who frequented the Mass were cendancy. In a country well-nigh women. Many of the church edifices unparalleled for fertility, poverty was were in a deplorable state of repair, widespread and the conditions of life so that the impression made upon a for the masses could hardly have been visitor was that for the great maworse from a hygienic standpoint.. jority of the men at least Roman From 60 to 80 per cent. of the people Catholicism as a religion in Cuba was were illiterate. In r899 the official in a decadent condition, the existing

YEARS IN

Church having lost the confidence of Hict with the marriage laws enacted the people. It is undeniable that the during the first American intervenpriests, as a class, with some noble tion with the express object of lesexceptions, are treated by the ma- sening the number of illicit unions jority of Cubans with cold indiffer- and of illegitimate children. From ence. This is due to their lack 1885 to 1900 the Judicial district in of culture, and in too many cases to 'Havana registered the largest number their social laxity. of marriages, filling seven books, each book composed of 400 leaves ~lore and more the masses are and each marriage occuping two turning to the Protestant ministers leaves. From 1900 to the present for marriage. My own list has A CULTIVATED PRODUCT OF CUBA Children of the Presbyterian Sabbath School at San Antonio, delos Banos reached a total of J 75 and that of one time the district which has registered associate 3,200. In many cases the the least number of marriages has pastor has also paid the registry fee filled seventeen books ,of 600 pages of one dollar, and in not a few in- each, assigning to every marriage one stances it was necessary to secure page and a quarter. In the Southern the inscription in the civil registry of Judicial district of Havana the numthose whose parents had failed to ber of matrimonial inscriptions from report their birth. 1910 to 1913 reached a total of 1,579. Of these 982 were Protestant, 418 It is worth while to note that three were Roman Catholic and 179 were years ago, Sr. Carlos Ortiz y Coffigiu, civil. Secretary of Justice, issued a circular to the municipal judges of the island, What we found in Cuba may be urging upon them to put no obstacles summed up in general terms, and in the way of registering the mar- speaking of the masses, as followsriages celebrated by Protestant minis- stagnant intellect, enfeebled will, perters, as such action would be in con- verted conscience and irreligious life.

ONE OF THE NEW CHRISTIAN INSTITUTIONS OF CUBA The new Y. M. C. A. Building to he complet<:d in April, 191.1 The people did not know how to quentiy no public conscience to be think, and were afraid to investigate, relied upon as a last resort, and men They were like animated machines, did what for the time being seemed manipulated from without and ac- to serve their own interests. The ' cepting what was told them or what idea that the end justifies the means they had inherited as truth. They made itself felt most disastrously delegated their decisions on moral in the matter of truthfulness, questions to others, knowing nothing honesty, chastity and even of friendof the right of private judgment. ship and matrimony. This explains Conscience with them had been ~o to a great extent why Cuba well-nigh misguided in their education that leads the world in the number of her moral distinctions were sadly con- suicides, ravishments, robberies and fused. Men had lost the native in- graft. stincts of right and wrong in obedience to an artificial code of morals. Certainly what has been written They worried about sins that were will suffice to justify the presence no sins and they had lost the con- of Protestant missionaries in Cuba. sciousness that men may be sinners Some of the statements made in even when they are obedient sons the article in The Catholic WarId of the Church. There was conse- stand in marked contrast to the facts which can not be refuted.

FIFTEE:t-l" YEARS IN·· CUBA

Statements in the "Catholic World" Oflicial Facts of Protestant Work "Not a single established Protestant One hundred and forty-nine organ- congregation of Cubans." ized churches with a membership of 10,975· "There are 30 per cent. less missions Established missions, 290, with 170 and 50 per cent. less workers (Protes- ordained missionary workers. tant) than there were six years ago."

"All over the island men and women Average gain In the last six years, are giving up the struggle and coming over 100 per cent. in church-member- home." ship.

"The Episcopal Mission has spent Protestant Episcopal Mission average $100,000 yearly in Cuba for salaries and expenditure since 1904, $35,000. running expenses since 1900."

"It is well below the truth to say that Total average expenditure of all Prot- $400,000 are being spent annually for estant societies, $221,429 a year. the (Protestant) conversion of Cuba."

The Protestant pastors and their been circulated to the number of assistants preach the Gospel in 300 300,000, and millions of tracts have pulpits each week. There are over been given away. Surely, from any 700 teachers in the Sabbath-schools unprejudiced standpoint, Protestant and r60 teachers in the boarding- and missions in Cuba have not been a day-schools conducted by the mis- failure and the money given has sions. There are five Protestatlt not been wasted. The manifest blesschurch papers published, Bibles have ing of God has rested on the work.

STATISTICAL RESULTS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CUBA (1889-1914) – -. — ——– _. Denomination <; ~ ..!< .$ ~ -~"~"~" .""~.~"", ..I ~~~ ., 1l~ .., ." "I '" '" -"" """S <; ~~ .~~ >- .E" t -.:,;,:,~ 1l t.~ .:l " " '1'"; .~ c "'''' ~…"cc,-,"", ~~ ""'""'" C;; ..~..,..",."~.,. o~~ u~"'- ~ Q'" 'C"1i'""'-i tu":;VJ .:l O.. Cu': .." """,,,,,'..-~.. ~~ ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ Baptists (S.) 1899 $40,000 29 27 1,900 31 35 2,000 7 200 75% Baptists (N.) Protestant Epis. 1899 40,000 98 37 1,537 33 56 1,640 11 565 1000/0 (In 10 yrs.) Friends Presbyterian (N.) 1904 35,000 32 19 1,677 19 19 1,237 5 669 175% Presbyterian (S.) Methodist (S.) 1900 5,714 36 7 467 21 36 621 5 353 75% 1901 33,000 31 20 1,108 20 28 1,788 12 600 20% 1899 13,000 15 9 600 7 9 750 4 500 100% -5-4,7-15 – 49 30 -3,6-86 – 3-9 – 5-1 2,597 6 -5-52 40% ~- — – -18-99 $221,429 290 149 10,975 170 234 10,633 50 3,439 100%

A Key Man at Constantinople

WILLIAM W. PEET, TREASURER OF AMERICAN MISSIONS IN TURKEY Thirty-four years ago Mr. William W. Peet, then a young man only thirty-one years of age, gave up a responsible position with the railroads of Nebraska to accept appointment as treasurer and general business agent for all the Turkey missions of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. It is an important office, the duties of which are manifold, and often perplexing. During the last sixteen years Mr. Peet has also discharged with signal ability the delicate task of representing mission interests at the foreign embassies and at the offices of the Turkish Central Government.

When Miss Ellen M. Stone and Mme. Tsilka and her infant son, born in captivity, were held for ransom by Bulgarian brigands, it was Mr. Peet who, with Dr. House and the dragoman of the American embassy, successfully negotiated their rescue. Turkish officers high and low, civil and military, had been instructed to shadow the rescuers every moment, night and day, to break up their plans for payment of a ransom, and at all hazards to arrest the abductors-their enemies. Mr. Peet was positively assured that the ladies were dead, but he quietly replied, "Then we will visit their graves." For wearisome days and nights he and his two comrades, with $66,000 in gold coin (250 pounds weight, done up in sacks), sought to elude the vigilance of the Turks, but in vain. Finally one night, while the guard slept, they crept out to the appointed place on the hillside, and successfully delivered the ransom money into the hands of the brigands–assuring the release of the captives. Thus they accomplished the seemingly impossible task.

In the years r895-97 more than $r,ooo,ooo for Armenian relief and orphansupport money was distributed through Mr. Peet's office without the loss of a dollar. Again, in the recent utter collapse of banking facilities, due to the European war, Mr. Peet has been able to meet the needs of 200 missionaries all over Turkey, with a minimum of inconvenience and delay.

In the reign of Abdul Hamid, there were many business transactions with the Turkish Government that required both business ability and diplomatic tact of an unusual order. When Mr_ Wingate of Talas purchased, as the site for a high-school, an elevation commanding a view of the Caesarea' plain, the local government declared: "That is a site for a fort, not for a school," and demanded the return of the property. Mr_ Peet, like Antonio, opposed his patience to the Turks' fury, and made use of the Turkish device of postponing any settlement until a more propitious hour. -{s a result, the Ta1as High-School building now crowns that eminence.

The success of Mr. Peet is due to certain prominent characteristics. He masters each case, and when he is sure he is right, he goes ahead. With imperturbable self-control, he is ah1e to keep an impassive face, never raising his voice even under great provocation. His manifest sincerity, his Christian principles, and his mastery of self and of the matter in hand, inspire confi'dence with men of every class. He is a model associate and friend, uniformly considerate of his colleagues and assistants. He is the executive force. His indomitable will, his calm judgment, his unassuming dignity, his consideration of others, his weighty personality, his years of experience, constitute the solid basis of his success.

EUPHRATES COLLEGE BUILDINGS OF THE AMERICAN MISSION AT HARPUT A STREET IN ERZERUM, TURKEY The large building is thc Girls' Mission School of the American Board CENTERS OF AMERICAN MISSION WORK IN TURKEY The War and Missions in Turkey BY REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D., BOSTON, MASS. Author of "Day Break in Turkey," "The Unfinished Task," etc.

T is a gratifying fact The entrance of Turkey into the conflict was evidently not sponmI that the present con- taneous, and was without the ap- flict is not a religious proval of all Moslem leaders. Their enthusiasm for the conflict is not on war, whatever may b'e said to the contrary. Roman Catholic and the increase, and the Christian popu- Protestant countries are in alliance· lations have never favored it.

against other Protestant and Roman The significance of the Turkish Catholic countries. Mohammedans, factor in the conflict is not due to Greek Catholics, and Jews are also the addition of 20,000,000 to the fighting upon both sides. It is a war number of peoples involved, but is in which religious and class lines are because for half a century or more obliterated. Turkey has been the storm center Turkey entered the conflict not of the Near Eastern question. Since from choice but from necessity, and the Crimean War Russia has because of pressure from without. crowded from the north for influ- From Turkey's standpoint the war ence and territory, while England, against the Allies is not a religious France and Germany have skir- war in the generally accepted mean- mished for position and influence in ing of the term. At the same time the Balkans, in Asia Minor, and in it was necessary for the Turks; be- Mesopotamia, Syri~, Arabia and fore entering upon formal hostilities, Egypt. Now that the "balance of to declare a "holy war," since all power" is in the melting-pot, Turkey Mohammedan wars are supposed to is thrust into the superheated furnace be more or less identified with re- into which are cast questions of con- ligion. The unreasonableness of the trol, sovereignity and supremacy of situation is made apparent from the more than one European nation.

fact that Turkey is in alliance with As a missionary land Turkey com- nations that are fighting Moham- mands unusual attention because of medans. In fact, they themeselves, its Mohammedan Government. It if they attempt to invade Egypt, will is practically the only country where come into open conflict with their Christian missionaries labor to-day Mohammedan brethren, while, at the that is openly and constitutionally same time, their Mohammedan army Mohammedan. It possesses a great and navy have Christians in their variety of divergent Moslem sects ranks and are fighting under the and races besides being the home of leadership of Christian officers. some of the most ancient and historic Clearly, even fr0111 the Turkish Christian races and churches. For standpoint, the war is not strictly nearly a century this mission field religious. has been occupied, mainly by the American Board and by the Pres- soon as the British Ambassador with- byterian Board of Foreign Missions. drew from Constantinople, British In no other field have more con- subjects were put under the pro- spicuously successful Christian in- tection of the American Ambassador, stitutions been established than those Mr. Morgenthau, who at once se- in Turkey. These include, besides cured from the Grand Vizier the strong, aggressive Protestant churches, assurance that all British subjects a notable list of colleges and semi- connected with the work of the naries, other schools of all grades, American Board (30 or 40 in alI) hospitals and dispensaries, printing would be undisturbed. So far as establishments, industrial enterprises, we have been able to ascertain, the and many other activities related to Turkish Government has carried out organized mISSIOnary operations. this pledge to the letter.

These institutions are distributed For a brief period one of the over the country, from -the Balkan alarming effects of the war upon peninsula on the west, "to Russia and mission work in Turkey arose from Persia on the east, and from the the abolition of the "capitulatiolIs"

Black Sea on the north to the Indian that have been in operation in Turkey Ocean on the south. They reach all for centuries. This was accompanied classes, and during the last three or by the declaration that hereafter alI four years a rapidly increasing num- foreigners and all foreign institutions ber of Moslems have been eager pa- wOl1ldcome under the laws of Tur- trons and supporters. key. There is still some misunder- The American Board and the Pres- standing as to how far this proclam- byterian Board, together with some ation will affect the Armenian, Greek, smaller missions, support fonr or Protestant and other communities, five hundred foreign missionaries, but assurance has been given by most of whom are connected with Turkish officials that American mis- the American societies. They repre- sions and institutions will not be sent an investment of more than hindered. The Grand Vizier stated $30,000,000, with an annual expen- that these institutions are carried on, diture of about $700,000 in gold, and nof under "capitulations," but under have won the patronage of the lead- the laws of the Empire. This ing official classes. There are also proclamation, which went into effect French Roman Catholic missions of on October 1St, has, so far as we considerable proportions, many of know, not unfavorably reacted upon which have strong institutions and the missionary work, and the mLs- carryon a most commendable work. sionaries are hopeful that their work At the beginning of November this will not permanently be disturbed.

entire territory, almost without warn- Turkey was most quickly and ing, found itself in open war against seriously affected by the financial Russia, England and France. All crisis caused by the outbreak of the British and French missionaries were war. This was probably due to a lack compelled to withdraw, and their of confidence in the financial system institutions were closed, except where . of that country. As soon as it was kept open by trained natives, A'i> known in Constantinople that a gen-

9 1 5] THE WAR AND MISSIONS IN TURKEY

A COMPANY OF TURKISH SOLDIERS ON' TIlE MARCH IN ARMENIA eral European war had begun, a Finally, it was arranged, through moratorium of thirty days was de- the State Department, that a Iimitclared. Later this was extended, eO' amount of gold should be and it was impossible to secure carried to Turkey by the United money from any of the banks, and States cruisers and paid over to the merchants refused to transact busi- 111issionaries. The amount was, howness on credit. The American Board ever, very inadequate to meet the Treasury at Constantinople alone re- need. Ambassador Morgenthau quires $600 gold a day, or $18,000 a also paid personally to the treasurer 1110nth for the support of the regular of the Board in Constantinople mission work and the institutions de- $17,000, cabling the American Board pendent upon it. A dispatch was to put that amount to his credit in received at the offices in Boston on Washington. Even this generous August 19th (by way of Naples), help would not meet bills already stating that the missionaries in Tur- due, much less provide for the future. key were suffering terribly for want The question arose as to whether it of gold. No bank in Boston, New would not be necessary to withdraw York, or London, or elsewhere could all the missionaries from Turkey. be found to assume the responsibility At this crisis the Standard Oil Comfor making payments in Constanti- pany of New York agreed to instruct nople. its agents in Turkey to pay limited

amounts of money into the hands of In this emergency, Mr. W. W. the institutions and mIssIonary Peet, the treasurer of the American societies there. This plan of co- Board ,missions in Constantinople, sent operation solved the problem of word to the interior that he would transmitting funds to Constantinople, pay full cash value for all drafts on Smyrna and Beirut. himself sent by the various stations. It soon "became apparent to the There was, however, a further people that the only way to send difficulty, for it was impossible to money safely from the interior to transmit the money from the mis- Constantinople was through the mission treasurers at the seaports into sionaries. It also became noised abroad that the Bible House was the FAST FRETGHT IN TURKEY only place in Constantinople where drafts .were cashed at their full face It is over such roads that money mllst be trans- value. ported to the missionaries in Armenia Now another method of relief apthe interior where are located most peared. The Mohammedan religof the missionaries and institutions. ious organization, that has endow- Under norma[ conditions it is possi- ments scattered throughout the emble to send gold from Constantinople pire, found it impossible to send the to the remotest interior stations income of those endowments to their through the mails, but now no com- headquarters in Constantinople, and pany would insure the safe delivery when they learned that the mission of such remittances, since brigan- stations offered a safe means of dage was on the increase. Under transfer they also paid in this money the panic conditions of the war other at the various stations, where it was means of exchange between Con- used for the support of the missionstantinople and the interior were in- a r i e s, and received in exchange terrupted, so that the salaries of drafts on Treasurer Peet at Conteachers and pastors could not be stantinople. These drafts were prepaid, and there was not even money sented at the Bible I-louse by the to buy daily bread. head of the Mohammedan organi- zation and were cashed at their face value.

In this way a great business cor- poration in America and the great Mohammedan religious organization in Turkey cooperated to keep mis- sionarie"s alive and at their posts, and furnished the funds needed for their work. This experience also gave to missions a new reputation of busi- nesS integrity and ability.

In September there was a serious question as to whether schools could be opened at their regular time. A

WAR AND MISSIONS IN TURKEY IB9

protest was, however, raised by all Leasona from the War classes in Turkey aga'inst any change in the usual program, lest it would The war in Turkey has taught. us throw the people into a panic in fear some lessons of no little value. of some · unknown impending disaster. The missionaries, therefore, de- First: It has revealed the lack of cided to open the schools as usual. solidarity among the Mohammedans And this was done throughout the of Turkey. A short time before country, with an attendance generally Turkey entered the war a sermon was preached in the Mosque of ,st. Sophia, Constantinople, in which the AMERICAN MINISTRIES TO TURKISH SUBJECTS A group of ·morning patients at th e International Hospital in Adana, Eu ropea n Turkey somewhat smaller than usual on ac- preacher called upon his great Mocount of the financial distress and the hammedan audience to draw the difficulties of traveL sword and enter into a holy war to exterminate Christians and cause The drastic military mobilization Islam to triumph. The only response took some teachers from mission was a loud "Amin," after which the schools, and by removing wage- audience peacefully scattered to their earners and harvesters brought great homes, hardship upon the entire country. Beasts of burden and supplies for Again, when Turkey entered into feeding the army were also requi- the war, the Sultan issued a proclasitioned to such an extent that many mation to his people that they 'were homes were left absolutely stript. entering upon a "holy war," and cal1~ By payment' of the exemption tax ing upon the Mohammedans throughmany teachers escaped service in the out the world to rally to the banner army, so that American schools have of Islam and overthrow the foes of not been seriously crippled, Mohammed, This proclamation also

called out no enthusiasm even £r0111 defense of Islam. Even Turkey the Mohammedans in Turkey. The would not expect Christian Artne- Kurdish Hamidieh, upon whom Sul- nians, Syrians, and Greeks to fight tan Abdul Hamid relied in his con- for the defense of Islam or for its flicts with the Armenians and Rus- extension.

sians, have refused to fight under the To-day the bringing of officers flag of the Sultan of Turkey, and it from a Christian nation to organize is reported that some have gone over and lead the Turkish army and the to the Russians. The Arabs, when Turkish navy is a more complete forced into the army, are also said demonstration of the disintegration to be deserting by hundreds and of Turkey as a Mohammedan mili- thousands. tary power.

This call to a "holy war" from one Fourth: The present crisis dem- who claims to be the Caliph of Islam, onstrates the influence and power the successor of Mohammed, has of Christian missionary institutions.

met With little response, and many The Turks have turned to the mis- even Df the leading Moslems of sionary hospitals as the chief source Consta'ntinople are arrayed in oppo- of medical help for soldiers as well sition to it. as for civilians. The missionary Second: This war has revealed the schools have not only been undis- fact that Turkey does not command turbed, but local officials, and even the following. of the Mohammedans Turkish generals have exprest of the world. While this, the only re- their appreciation and confidence in maining strong Mohammedan. Gov- them, and have given assurance that ernment, was issuing a call to arms they would be protected. The' Com- against the Christians, the Moham- mander-in-Chief of the Fourth Tur- medans of India were giving money, kish Army Corps, located in Smyrna, and were offering their services to and the Civil Governor, have been the British Government. The Egyp- particularly friendly toward the In- tians also, nominally a part of Tur- ternational College and' to President key, declared their loyalty to Great MacLachlan, altho the latter is a -Britain, while Turkey and Russia are British subject.

in conflict. While friends in America have Third: The Turks themselves are been alarmed lest the American mis- proving their inability to continue as sionaries should suffer hardship, the a self-governing nation in the face missionaries in Turkey have not of the onward march of civilization. seemed to be disturbed or anxious.

Since the days of Mohammed the They have confidence in the local Turkish army had been, theoretically government, and believe that when at least, the main support of Mo- the storm is past, and Turkey is hammedanism. When, however, the again at peace, all classes will look Constitution was proclaimed in 1908, upon the missionary work as among and Christians were admitted into the the most permanent and most worthy . army on equal terms with Moham- of perpetuation of any of the uplift- medans, the Turkish army ceased to ing and civilizing influences and in- be one that could be used for the stitutions in the Turkish empire.

Toleration In

BY REV. JOHN W. BUTLER, D.D., LL.D. MEXICO CITY Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church ~I T is significant that the Creator." No review of Mexico men high in the coun- is complete which ignores this great struggle which began in 1810 and is , cils of both Church still in progress.

and State should, at Most Americans to-day seem to be as lacking in sympathetic patience to- about the same time, ward our distrest brothers of Mexico as were their grandfathers appeal to the public some seventy years ago, when Daniel Webster said to a circle of friends: from the pulpit and the press with "We have a sister republic on our southern border almost in mortal energetic claims that the revolution- agony and no one among us seems willing to lend it a helping hand." ary leaders of Mexico had initiated The truth is that the Mexican people, as a whole, have never had a chance. a campaign of persecution against The few who have had a chance have "made good" and, as a result, the Roman Catholic Church of that many of their. professional men, merchants, farmers, mechanics, and country. Two Cardinals, several others, will compare favorably with their brothers north of the Rio priests, some national representatives Grande. But the masses have never had what we, in the .United States, and one ex-President of the United call "a square deaL"

States, are among those who tell of When the accumulated wrongs of three centuries were almost crush- "churches confiscated or looted, con- ing the life out of them and the bitter murmurings which escaped vents destroyed, priests shot in cold their lips reached the ears of their masters, who came from across the blood, Jesuits, secret orders and sea to lord it over them, the Viceroy aded fuel to the fire by a proclamaciergy sent out of the country, nuns tion containing the following para- graph: "Let the people of these outraged, and other evidences of dominions learn once for all that they were born to be silent and obey intolerance." In all lands and at and not to discuss nor to have opinions in political affairs." all times Protestants are foremost Under circumstances less afflictive in condemning such wrongs, and are the first in demanding equal toleration for all creeds. Some things, however, should be said about the reprehensible intolerance and fanatical excesses now being laid at the door of the revolutionary leaders and authorities in Mexico.

The public utterances referred to completely ignore the provisions of the Constitution of 1857, and the Laws of Reform, as well as the long and bitter struggle which a suffering people have endured, with tremen- dous sacrifices, in order to reach part of the way toward democracy and all those other "inalienable rights"

with which they were "endowed by

what did American patriots do in foreigners) have always been against 1776? What did the French people the best interests of the masses.

do in 1789? And, going still further The aristocracy, largely descend- back, what did our forefathers do ants of the conquerers and Spanish in 1640 and 1688 in order to rescue grandees, wanted the peons to work from the battleground of four hun- on their great estates, and for their dred years that grand Magna Charta purposes they did not wish them that they might plant it as the Con- educated. Most of the priests from stitution of a free and liberty-loving Europe were too worldly, and par- people? To each of these questions took too largely of that "lust of gold"

the answer is the same; they which characterized the early con- revolted, and by so doing set the querors, to have much concern in the example to our Mexican brothers as real uplift of the Indians. They, the only possible method open to therefore, generally played into the them for righting their wrongs. hands of the aristocracy. The ruling Surely, then, no American or Eng- class has always 'sided with the rich lishman or Frenchman should with- as against the poor.

hold sympathy from these struggling The indigenous people of Mexico people. Harsh criticism smacks of had thus been under control since at apostacy. vVhen that unrighteous least a thousand years before the proclamation went abroad, in the Christian era, and part of them early days of the nineteenth century, represent a civilization equal, in some Divine Providence, who created all cases, to that forced upon them by men equal, raised up leaders among "military eloquence." These people the common people who cried and are compelled to li'e in ignorance, cried aloud, "vVe will not lay down degradation, and superstition, are our arms till we have wrested the deprived of the ownership of their jewel of liberty from the hand of own God-given lands, and are then the oppressor." required to till them for masters It has been an uneven struggle from over the sea. The native against great odds, dragging its Mexicans are given absolutely no weary way through more than a participation in the choice of their century, but it means for them free- rulers, and then, after three hundred dom from Spanish domination, from years of Christian civilization ( ?) religious oppression, from serfdom they are told that they "were born to imposed by landlords, and from ig- be silent and obey." Can we wonder norance. Even now, 80 per cent. are that these creatures of God rose up still illiterate, tho nominally under to throw off the yoke, and that now the influence of the historic church the slogan of their revolution is for four centuries. A powerful "effective suffrage" and "the return trinity of the privileged classes has of our lands?" This is the crux been united against the people at of the whole trouble in Mexico.

every renewal of their effort; for Some American correspondents who the rulers, the aristocracy (which go down into the country seek out included military officers), and the "sore spots," and returning home are high clergy (who were generally generously paid to' write magazine

TOLERATION IN MEXICO

articles about "Barbarous l'vlexico." press without exaggeration. vVhat vVhy do not some of them give more· has actuaIly taken place in Mexico is prominence to the mistakes and fail- bad enough, and at times has rivaled ures of the past 400 years? the atrocities of the French Revolu- The Christian people of the United tion. vVrongdoing is never justifi- States need a more careful con- able, however great the provocation, MAKING A PILGRIMAGE IN MEXICO A :Mexican Roman Gatholic devotee making a pilgrimage to a holy shrine on her knees. She collects coins in the pan on the ground in front sideration of the facts before hastily and yet the provocation should beget condemning everything south of the sympathetic consideration. That is Rio Grande. All the Mexicans are all we plead for in the case of poor not cut-throats, nor are all the revolu- Mexico in these days of her sore tionists bandits. Nor are the ac- trial. In this spirit let us look at counts appearing in the American some of the charges to which we refer.

Some of the Charges that, according to law, no such con- The first is that the leaders of the vents have existed in Mexico for revolution are ruthlessly confiscating church property in Mexico. This is over fifty years. not correct. All church property was confiscated under the Constitu- Another mistaken charge is that tion of 1857, and now the Church can not legally hold property as an the present leaders of the revolution investment. Mexican historians make clear why such drastic measures are expelling Jesuit priests, nuns, and were incorporated into the Constitution and emphasized by the re- other religious orders from Mexico. form laws of 1859. It was, as one of them says, "because the Church The same reason, given above as to became a very prominent factor in politics and could upset and establish the political influence of the Church, governments at its pleasure, fomenting the many revolutions which were applied with special force to all constantly breaking out." Therefore, it was that the political power of secret religious orders. Hence, in the Church was destroyed by effecting a complete independence of 1873, Mexico promulgated additional Church and State, and the confiscation of all Church property-from the reform laws, which expelled all such most magnificent cathedral to the smallest chapel, and from the moat secret societies from the country. In expensive convent to the humblest shrine in the country. All Church this they only did what several counproperty not built in recent years belongs to the government, which, tries in Latin America and many in turn, gives a free lease to the Church of such edifices as are re- countries in Europe had found it quired for public worship. All this was brought to pass by the Liberal necessary to do. If, therefore, Party, most of whose members lived and died in the Roman Catholic fold, Jesuits, nuns, and members of kintho they were decidedly opposed to the Church as a political insti- dred orders have recently been tution. Rare, indeed, was the case when a Liberal de~lared himself op- found in Mexico, they were there posed to Christianity. Reports of the confiscating of Church property against the law, the existence of in these days is a mistake-such confiscation occured nearly sixty years which they certainly were not· ignorago. As to the destruction of convents, it is only necessary to say ant. The present authorities were fully authorized in reminding them of the law. .

It has also been asserted that many of the clergy have recently been expelled from the country. The Constitution of 1857 provides not only for the separation of Church and State, but it also guarantees full religious liberty. This means equal toleration for Roman Catholic, Protestant, Mormon, or Jew; and no one has more reason to be grate- ful for those reasonable and just provisions of the Constitution than the ancient people of God whose descendants in Mexico were, in for- mer times, subjected to much cruel treatment simply for following the faith of their fathers.

It appears to be true that a con- siderable number of priests have been sent out of the country, but

TOLERATION IN

the revolutionists claim that all such Methodist Mission School and were foreigners and had given Church. Every room on the premprovocation. They claim that many ises but one was looted, two cabinet of these left "because of troubled organs, furniture, books, and clothconsciences," or for fear that they ing were carried out and publicly might be expelled.. The famous burned. Then the mob set fire to thirty-third article of the Consti- the building, which would have been tution was framed at a time when utterly destroyed had not the townsthese secret orders were giving people organized, armed themselves, trouble to the government. It em- driven off the mob and extinguished powers the authorities to expel from the fire. Probably 90 per cent. of the republic, without process of law, these townspeople were Roman any foreigner found meddling with Catholics who have thus incurred our politics. It is a tremendous power lasting gratitude. An inventory to place in the hands of any man, made out by a notary public of but the experience of the past called Queretaro puts :the damage at it into existence and it has. a special $13,800 silver. No complaint has terror for transgressors of the law. been lodged with the Government at Vashington because of this un- Other evidences of persecution are provoked attack on the Methodist mentioned, such as the outraging of property, nor for the indignities sufnuns, the desecration of sacred places, fered by both missionaries and native the burning of confessionals. All clergy during the past four years. such acts the Protestants emphatically condemn. Such things are a dis- A few hours after the Queretaro grace wherever and whenever they mob had done its work, General Villa oc<:ur. Good people of all creeds and General Gutierrez arrived in the lift their voices against them. In city, and on being informed of what the present case, however, these had happened, immediately sent men excesses were not the acts of the to repair the buildings. Two of the authorities or leaders of the revolu- ringleaders were arrested and would tion, but of irresponsible mobs, have been shot but for the earnest among which, at times, may have pleadings of the Methodist pastors, been found soldiers. who declared that they sought not revenge but simply the restoration of One concrete case will suffice to their property. Protestants and illustrate our meaning. After the Roman Catholics, alike, are suffering fall of the Huerta Government a the horrors of war in Mexico, and mob entered a Roman Catholic yet, these acts, like similar events in Church in the city of Queretaro, Europe, too awful to narrate, are brought out a confessional stall, and not be laid at the door of the leaders burned it in the streets. The Con- except in very rare cases. They are stitutional forces which entered the committed by degenerate soldiers or city soon after restored order. A irresponsible mobs. few days later, when these forces evacuated the city, and before the Two other charges have been rearrival of Gen. Villa's army, another peatedly made to the effect that mob sought to wreck revenge on the General Huerta was promised "that if

he Lecame a .Mason it would secure All the aLove has for its object him election and American recog- to show two things. First, that our nition." According to the New York Mexican brothers deserve a more Times of December 17th, Father sympathetic hearing on the part of McMahon publicly charged also that the American public than they have "recognition and support were hitherto received. Armed interven- offered to Huerta if he would em- tion is the last thing that ought to brace Protestantism." The first be considered. Secondly, historic charge is certainly open to doubt. Christianity in Mexico needs to be Irregular and irresponsible Masons, vitalized before it can adequately ful- of Wh0111 there are some in Mexico, fil its sacred mission among the may do reprehensible things, but the Mexican people. Historic Christian- Masonic Order, as stich, would never ity, with its splendid cathedrals and have done what is alleged in this religious pageantry alone, in the case. There is no Masonic con- centers of the country, are not suffi- spiracy in Mexico. cient. Roman Catholics and Protes- " The second charge is a most sur- tants alike must go into the towns, hamlets and rural districts in the prizing piece of news. I have been simplicity of primitive Christianity, the dean of the missionary corps in and 111 the spirit of its Divine Mexico City for several years, and Head, until every last man and intimately associated with the native woman of these 16,000,000 111clergy for a much longer period. habitants has been lifted out No stich offer could have been made of degradation, superstition and without my knowledge. Moreover, idolatry, and has been brought into all readers of the MISSIONARY vital touch with "the God and Father REVIEW will know that no Protestant of lIS all." When that glad day apcould ever make such an offer. It is proaches, as the immortal Lincoln absolutely contrary to the genius of declared, "Mexico will rise again," Protestantism, and the man who and her people "will learn war no could offer any worldly or political more." Protestant Christianity, with consideration as a motive" for joining his church would be unworthy of membership in any Protestant or- the open Bible, the living Christ, and ganization. The only door of en- a liberal education, stall(~s now as trance is by repentance and faith in always for those forces that will Jesus Christ. hasten the coming of that glad day; MODERN CHRISTIANITY Modern Christianity is rapidly recovering the social impUlse of its earliest days. It is glowing once again with the old fire. The fatalist-whether he wear the garments of materialism or of predestination-does not count in the forward march of the Christian army to-day. The Church is convinced that a Christianity which does not go about "doing good" is not the Christianity of Christ. A religion which ignores the healing of the body is not the religion of Him who "took our infirmities, and bore our diseaseS." A religion which ignores child labor and child mortality is not the religion of Him who took the children in His arms. A religion which has nothing to say about vice and crime in the modern city can not claim kinship with the power that speaks out ih the great apostolic letters to Corinth and Rome and Ephesus. A faith that merely hopes the will of God will be done in heaven as it is not on earth, is not the faith of the Lord's Prayer.-W. H. P. Faunce.

E. HIGGINS-THE LUMBERJACKS' SKY

The Lumberjacks' Sky Pilot BY RE V. THOMAS D. WH I T T LES, NORTH EAST, PEN N S YLVA N IA Autho r of "The P a ri ~ h of the Pines"

fJN o messenger of religion the great forests of the north has left a broader trail and west, where he blazed the trail, and founded the mission to . in the lumber districts lumberj acks and riverpigs. The tale of the camps can never be writ- of the United States ten without telling the story of Hig- gins. In bunkhouse and byway he than Frank Higgins, delivered his message of regenera- the well-known Sky Pilot. For nearly twenty years he was active as a missionary in

tion, in city and town he graphically the response that he, who a moment told the narrative until the chur~hes ago had desired to lead an army of were awakened to participate in his stumps to victory, fled to the cover unique labor of love. His message of the forest, pursued by the convul- went beyond our national boundaries, sive laughter of his friends. Year!'

and Canada and England listened afterward, when commenting on this with responding interest. incident, he said, "You see, it was a Francis Edmund Higgins was sermon to men after all."

born forty-nine years ago in Toron- Men were always his auditors, and to, Canada, of Irish parentage. His among the stumps of many a far-off boyhood years were passed on a pinery he preached with results that farm north of Toronto, and the great caused mothers and angels to laugh factor that entered into them was in gladness.

the godly spirit of his stepfather, He was twenty years old when he who by life and precept led young returned to Toronto and entered the Higgins into the presence of the sixth grade of the city schools. He Nazarene. Many times I have heard remained there until he completed his Frank Higgins declare, "For my re- second year in the high school. At ligion I am indebted more to my twenty-five he returned to Dufferin stepfather than to any other person. county and was licensed to preach on He pointed to higher things, and led the Rosemount Circuit of the Metho- the way." . dist Church. The Methodist breth- No sooner had Higgins experi- ren found Higgins an unusual propo- enced ,religion than he began to sItIon. He could not, would not, propagate it, and through his per- work along the normal conservative suasion m 0 s t of his companions lines, but insisted on going his own joined the company of believers. A pace and along new trails. Finally, semi-weekly prayer meeting was or- they decided to dispense with his ganized in the school house, Frank services for three sufficient reasons Higgins leading the first meeting, -first, he was too old to study for and nine of the young men who at- the ministry; second, he was too ig- tended these gatherings afterward norant; and third, he had 110 relig- became preachers of the Gospel. ion.

Long before he united with the So it has ever been, the truly great Church the desire to preach possest have been misunderstood. To Frank him, and daily he discoursed to the Higgins' religion alone was his great- stumps while laboring in the fields. ness due. His love for Christ was Once, at the climax of an eloquent the spring of his service. His relig- sermon, as he vigorously chided the ious life was too natural, simple stumps for their inactivity, and with and unaffected, however, for the boyish enthusiasm bade them un- understanding of many, and even in sheath their swords and possess the later years some doubted him. But promised land, his stepfather and the thousands of lumberjacks have rea- hired man, who were unsuspected son to thank God for the man who listeners, thrust their heads above the knew no cant, whose life retained silent audience.. So unexpected was the simplicity of childhood, and

LUMBERJACKS' SKY PILOT

FRANK HIGGINS CONDUC'IING A CA.MP MEETING his beloved lumberjacks. Here he learned of the roaring "riverpigs" whose love for Christ brought him and wilful "timber savages," and the into closer relation with the Ishmaels unconventional 'love of the Higgins of humanity. heart went out to them with a desire that was stedfast to the end. The The opinions of men, however, unchurched for est e r s became his could not deter Frank Higgins. He hearers, and by the swift-flowing was determined to preach, and hear- streams and in the low-built bunking of the mission needs of Minne- houses, he declared to them, Christ's sota, he crossed the boundary and way of reformation and salvation. was appointed to the Annandale Methodist Church. After two years From that spring day in Barnum there he went to Hamline University, his marriage tie to the lumberjacks supporting himself by preaching on was never broken, never strained, the Sabbaths. The presiding elder and in his a'fter-work at Bemidji he found the Irish Canadian a problem devoted more effort to the camp men hard to solve and two years later than he did to the congregation he Higgins was left without an appoint- had been sent to serve. It was this ment, and his school-days closed. devotion to the lumberjacks, and the The man· had not yet found him- time it took from his studies, that self. caused his ordination to be so long withheld. The Presbyterians found He had been raised a Presbyterian him as hard to understand as had the and, when in 1895 the way opened for him to enter the service of the Presbyterian Church at Bar n u m, Minnesota, he gladly returned to the denomination of his youth. It was ilt Barn.um that he fou1~d himself and

Methodists, but finally, in 1902, he churches and to raise funds for the was ordained by Duluth Presbytery. 1111SSlon. The following March, In the fall of that year Higgins while visiting the Montana camps, he resigned his position at Bemidji and received additional injuries in a rail- accepted appointment u n d e r the road wreck at Thema. He was car- Evangelistic Committee of the Pres- ried to Spokane for treatment, and byterian Church. His entire time while in the hospital it was discov- was given to camp work, and the ered that sarcoma had developed :It byways of the Minnesota forests the point of the former fracture, have never known a more devoted which necessitated an operation. Al- and persistent traveler than this mes- tho two-thirds of the left collarbone senger to the "down al1d outs." No was removed, he recovered quickly camp was too far away, no man and returned to his labors. Then the was too low to reach. He knew no right collarbone showed evidences of respect of persoris, no class, but to the disease~ and on the 1st of Octo- millionaire and pauper preached thc ber, 1914, he again submitted to the same unfaiLng Gospel. The comforts knife. Evidently the bones had been of home, so dear to most of us, were weakened by the packs he had car- forgotten when the privilege of ser- ried from camp to camp.

vice presented itself. The rebuffs After the second operation the Sky that discourage weak men found him Pilot gradually lost his great physical clad in the armor of hope. He had strength, but he would not rest.

a message, and with God's help he Vithin four weeks he was again on would deliver it-and the help of the rostrum pleading for his "boys"

God he never doubted. in the woods, ancl continned to do After the logging camp work was this nntil within a month of his transferred from the Evangelistic death. A few days before Christ- Committee to the Home Board it mas he went to his boyhood home in grew from a Minnesota work to one Shelburne, Ontario, and there, in the of national dimensions,' and at the afternoon of January 4th, he entered present time nine states have organ- irito rest. A wife and daughter and ized work under the care of the thousands of friends suffer a per- Board. For this increasing work sonal bereavement in. his departure.

Frank Higgins raised most 'of the On Janm.ry ninth, the body that needed money in his appeals to the had so often carried the pack over churches, and few men have ex- the long trails, was laid away at perienced a more hearty response. Rockford, Minnesota, but the spirit H i g gin s grew with his work, lives in the lives of men made better, broadened mentally and spiritually in the camp missionaries he inspired, with his ever-widening view of the and in the city dwellers who learned vision. Every success made him more through him a new message of lowly, and his constant prayer was brotherhood. The piney trail has led "make me more worthy, more useful." to the heavenly landing, and I doubt In November, 1913, Higgins frac- 110t the Divine Scribe entered beside tured his collarbone, but in spite of the name of the Lumberjacks' Sky discomfort he continued to address Pilot the sufficient word-Love!

Indian Peyote

BY MRS. DELAVAN L. PIERSON lf"TIHE efforts of St. Paul the red man. The blossom, when to rid the Corinthian dried and eaten, intoxicates to de- Church of the excres- lirium, and gives enchanting exag- cences of heathenism gerations of color, and of sound, and ~ which clung to their of time. It is popularly known as worship are being "mescaL" duplicated to-day by a brave company of men and women who are The early Franciscan fathers found fighting to save the American Indians the worship of the peyote so firmly from the degrading cult of Peyote entreflched in the religion of the worship, which has spread its blight Mexican Indians that, as a comfrom Mexico to Canada within the promise, they transferred its miraclelast fifteen years. working powers to a calendar saint- Santa Nina de Peyotes, and in the SAMPLES OF THE '''MESCAL BUTTONS'" village of Rosales there stands to-day a little wooden image of Saint Nina Natural size of the top of the cactus plants used in as she is said to have suddenly ap- peyote worship peared among the peyote plants on the hillside. Around her neck, as a Growing on the rocky ledges of sort of rosary, hangs a chain of the the hills in Central and Northern blossoms. Mexico is a diminutive cactus, known in Spanish as the Peyote, but called Altho no Indian rites center around by the Indians since prehistoric times that statue now, the pernicious mescal "the plant of Life," and' held sacred cult or peyote worship spread from by them as a special gift of God to that center to the Kiowas and Comanches of Southwestern United States. It has journeyed steadily northward, dropping off its pagan elements and clothing itself with Christian rites, until now it mas- querades as the special revelation of Christ for ,the red man, and the places of meeting are called "God's tent."

The Indians use a decoction of the plant for baptismal and communion services, and account it holy water for purification purposes. 'They give it in large doses as medicine for all ailments, and pour it into the ears of new-born infants. Many cases of im- becility, insanity, and suicide are directly traceable to its use. They affirm that it is a specific for tuber-

culosis and for certain loathsome plant is a great asset in the propagadiseases. tion of the "gospel of the bean."

It is argued by the Indians that The Indian'. Territory the eating of the "mescal. bean," or peyote, destroys the taste for liquor The following are verbatim ex- -and in a measure this seems to be tracts from documents sent to Washtrue. A peyote debauche is never ington by leaders of the Winnebago accompanied by acts of violence, so Indian Peyote Church: that it is, from the standpoint of the guardians of the law, the lesser evil. "We have adopted a form of wor- Many officials have strongly seconded ship in which we use the medicine petitions drawn up by the Indians, and have f,orwarded to our Govern- * generally referred to as the mescal ment in Washington personal requests that no legislation be con- but which is known to us as the sidered which would take from the "peyote." We feel that we are en- Indians "the peyote button, which titled to exercise one of those first they treasure more than their prop- and fundamental principles estaberty." lished in this country-the right to worship God in freedom and accord- This last statement, made by an ing to the dictates of our own conofficial in charge of the Kiowas and sciences. We prize this medicine as Comanche Indians, is, alas! only too highly as we do our farms, our true. A peyote-eater becomes an blankets, and our homes. . . . To idle, worthless member of society, us, this 'medicine' is a portion of loses all interest in improving his the body of Christ, even as the comgrant of -land, and will sacrifice any- munion bread is believed by other thing, however dear, to obtain the Christian denominations to be a porsacred bean. He defies all influences tion of Christ's body. We read in that tend to lift him out of this the Bible where Christ spoke of a degraded state. Comforter, who was to come. Long ago this Comforter came to the From the standpoint of the Chris- whites, but it never came to the Intian missionary, peyote-eating presents dians until it was sent by God in the more than a mere physiological form of this holy medicine. We problem. It is not alone a "dope" know whereof we speak. We have which the pure food laws should tasted of God, and our eyes have legislate into the class with morphine, been opened. It is utter folly for opium, and cocaine, it is a system of scientists to try and analyze God's worship inimical to Christianity. It body. No white man can understand has its roots deep in the historic it. It came from God. It is. a part past of the red race, and because of of God's body. God's Holy Spirit is this it makes the strongest kind of enveloped in it. It was given excluan appeal to the Indians. They hail sively to the Indians, and God never it as a revival of an ancient religion intended that white men should underaltogether their own, as against the stand _it. Our ranks are constantly white man's foreign religion, and the increasing in numbers. . . . It (this mysterious drugging power of the religion) will never cease nor falter *uYesca1," a Mexican term, meaning "booze."

AMERICAN' INDIAN PEYOTE WORSHIP

till every Indian within the boun- one day: 'My friends, I am glad I daries of our great country has can be here and worship this medilearned the truth and knows God as cine with you, and we must organize God intends they shall know him." a new church and have it like the Mormon church.' Whenever they A description by eye-witnesses of pray in meeting, they put the bean the services held weekly in the on a white cross or a white napkin "mescal" meeting-house will help us on the ground, and they touch the to form a just idea of how much the bean first, and they touch their lips, Indians are being helped to "know and they hold up their hands, and God" by this method of direct com- they rub their breasts, and then pray munication through 'the mouth.

AMERICAN INDIANS AT MESCAL-WORSHIP IN A TENT AT WINNEBAGO, NEB. The mescal, or peyote, is in front of the man in the center Peyote worship seems to have at- to the peyote, and then to God. They tained its highest development among consecrate themselves to the peyote. the Winnebagoes, and the following They begin taking the medicme along description is given by an Indian at- about dark, and when they pass it tendant of that tribe: they ask you how many you want, and urge you to take more. The "The leader sits in the center of medicine doesn't work right away, but the circle and has twelve apostles, after it begins to take effect along six on each side of him, drest in toward midnight, they begin to cry white. Rattles, gourds, and drums and sing and pray, and stand and are beating time. They baptize you shake all over; and some of them with a tea made from the peyote. just sit and stare. One of the 'mescal Then you drink some of the tea and eaters' said: .'1 see Jesus' picture in they make signs on your forehead the bean tea.' The women have no with it, and then they take an eagle part in the mescal meetings, only to wing and fan you with it. I heard eat the beans. and they lie around an educated Indian say in meeting

the corners of the room like a lot of spiritual visions follow after. Several dOgs. They do very bad things, so leaders in the Indian work have taKen it is like they lose all their ashamed- the drug that they might know the effects, and that these effects might ness." be scientifically noted by physicians. A mission worker visited the serv- Effects of the Drug ice among the Poncas. "The meeting place," she writes, "was overcrowded The following experiences of Inand overheated with the large central dians are told in their own words:* altar which is kept constantly burning. ·1 found that the members were "After I ate peyote the first time composed of the educated young I was kind of afraid of it. It made Ponca men, who, tho long past the me feel kind of dizzy and my heart days of paint and feathers, were de- kind of thumping, and I felt like corated with them, and frequently crying. They told me this was bewore a Catholic rosary in their hair. cause of my sins. When I shut my The peyote was served by their leader, formerly assistant carpenter of the eyes it makes me nervous, because I Ponca· Agency. I was informed by members of the cult that out of the see things I don't see when my eyes bean, lying on the crescent-shaped are open. I was sick to my stomach, altar in the center of the tent, would and trembled all over. After I had emerge the body of our Savior, visible taken twelve beans I saw a mountain only to those who partook "Qf a suffi- with roads leading to the top, and cient number of beans to obtain this people drest in white going up these concession from Deity" To their wild roads, and I sawall sorts of colors songs and ~he incessant beating of the and arrows began to fly all· around tom-tom was added the deadly nar- me. I began to perspire freely, and cotic influence of the peyotes, as all to' hear voices just like they came eyes remained intently fixt upon the from all around the ceiling. After I altar. At times incense was thrown ate thirty-six of these peyote I got on the altar, and the fragrance wafted just like drunk, only more so, and I by the leader over the sacred bean. felt kind of good, but more good than A modern corruption of the historic when I drink whisky. I just felt peace-pipe was pa"ssed around in the as I could throw my arms out and form of a cigaret, and at midnight my arms left me and went off in the the communion cup–peyote tea-was air. And I felt I was all going to given. I sat between two educated pieces. Everybody that I saw looked Poncas, one ate fourteen beans, and so much larger. Whenever you eat stated that ne could eat forty. The these beans it makes you {eel more· limitation is reached when nature whatever you are thinking about, and rebels "and uncontrollable nausea sets so if anyone has passions it makes in. The' tc:int at this stage is dis- him feel more so. The lead~rs tell gusting in the extreme." as an argument, that if you belong "'This process is recognized as that to the society you can indulge yourof repentance, and'the casting out of self all you please. The treasurer of the sacred peyote society was sitting all sin from the body. The uplifting *From a" r~port to the vovernllJent gathered by the CommissIOner of Indian Affairs of the D… partment of the Interior.

INDIAN PEYOTE WORSHIP

next to me, and I asked him if he lazy. We have our meetings Satur- heard young kittens. ,It sounded as day night, because we don't work on if they was right close to me, and Sundays. Many are getting blind then I sat still a long time. They say who use this medicine very much; that if you eat this bean, it will cure When I was eating it I just saw you from whisky drinking, and it flames shooting out from my eyes, makes you saving and a better worker. and I could not sleep or close my I know this is noLtrue. I have royes. One man ate seventy-five been to Sioux City with many of the beans, and it killed him, so they re- Mescal Society, and got drunk with 1 duced the dose to twenty or thirty.

them on whisky. I am sure that if I think I was killing myself, and my I had kept on taking the mescal I mind was going. The Government would have died, because I. nearly ought to stop this, because it is worse died as it was." than whisky."

Another Indian says, "I was sick, and I took six big beans of mescal An Agent'. Experiment to make me well. They told me to One of the agents of the Cheyenne think about the Spirit. After I took arid Arapahoe Agency, who experi- the medicine about three hours' I mented with the plant, says: "I do began to fed like I was going to be not believe that any person under dead. It feels like my blood would the influence of this drug could pos- stop running and my heart moves sibly commit murder, for crime seems very slow. When it nearly stops I absolutely foreign to the state of began to see things, and I see every- mind which exists. The thoughts are thing moving around me-snakes and rather along the line of brotherly love.

all kinds of animals, just like circus An incident occurred during the test.

pictures passing me, and many ani- My physician saw a young bird which mals I hever see before. I see pic- had fallen from a tree. He lifted it tures of the devil with red clothes up to replace it in a nest. This is and horns. After this I began to what he really meant to do, but it fe<:l good and happy, more so than seemed to me that he was undertaking when I am drunk on whisky. I ~as to bring about universal brotherhood happy all night, and I felt like in the' bird kingdom!"

laughing all the time. Something It was hoped that the young Gov- was laying on the floor in the corner ernment-educated Indians would re- of the room, and I was verymtich volt from such superstitious rites,and afraid of it;, but I feel very foolish, that peyote worship would die out and I know something was wrong with the old Indians, but it is not with' my head, because it was my doing so. The Government is not overshoes! When breakfast was sufficiently recognizing it as an evil, cooked' I was hungry, but could not and thousands of these peyote buttons eat because my mouth was all covered are coming unchallenged into our In- with, that stuff. It seemed like red dian schools, sent by the parents of fleas was walkirig' all' over me. 'I the children. School-hays run away rlever feel like I could do anythjng from school to attend mescal meet- when I eat mescal. It makes me' feel ings, ,:an~ always: return· mentally de-

ficient and incapable of study for These statistics were gathered several days. several years ago. To-day's figures would present a still more disturbing The younger men are attracted to comparison. its use, not only because of its pleasurable sensations, but because Many Christian Indian congregathey can rise to leadership as mescal tions are a sad sight resembling those prophets in these lodges and gain of the war zone. The aged and the prominence which, under the old re- children are there, but the youth who gime, was denied them. "Old, ignor- should be the present-day strength ant, full-blood Indians," says one who of the Church have been lured away knows, "will part with considerable by the peyote habit. sums of money and property just for the privilege of shaking the hand of The Indian'. Appeal the spiritual leader and receiving his blessing at one of these ceremonial In December, 19II, the Kickapoo meetings." Indians of Kansas 'sent to the Honor- able Commissioner of Indian Affairs A regular missionary propaganda, at Washington the following appealsimilar to that of the Mormon church, ing note: is carried on by the more established "peyote lodges." Attractive young "We most earnestly petition you to men are sent out by twos to visit help us keep out the peyote from our other reservations and encourage their people. We realize that it is bad for cult. In~ians to indulge in that stuff. It makes them indolent, keeps them At present nearly all the buttons from working their farms and taking come in from Mexico free of duty, care of their stock. It makes men and there is no restriction on their and women neglect their families. sale, unless we call the statutes We think it will be a great calamity enacted in Oklahoma in 1909 restric- for our people to begin to us~ the tive. There were no provisions made stuff. If the Government has any for the' enforcement of this law, and power to keep the, people from bringit is a dead letter. ing this stuff on Indian lands, we most earnestly petition you to send Two organizations, one Christian our superintendent instructions to and the other peyote-users, both com- take action against the introduction posed largely of the younger element of peyote on the Kickapoo reservaof the tribes, presented the following tion in 'Kansas. We urge you to telling statistics: take immediate action before the stuff gets hold of our people." Christ-worshippers Per cent. In the three years that have passed since the letter was sent to Washing- Self supporting …………….50 ton, the peyote habit has invaded the Partially self-supporting .•.••…. 33 Kickapoo Indian Reservation, brought Idle ….••..•………. ',' .2-3 of 1 by zealous Cheyenne and Arapahoe Non-able-bodied .•……….•.• 10 delegates from Oklahoma. To whose charge will the guilt be laid? And Peyote-worshippers when will we learn that the King's Per cent. business requireth haste?

Self supporting …………….21 Partially self-supporting .•.•.•.•4O Idle ..•…………………•.•10 Non-able~bodied '••.•…••••••••26

Test of Discipleship 'f

BY THE REV. HUGH L. BURLESON, D.D. Secretary of the Dome.tic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church mT HE story is told of a points of contact between our Master saintly professor of and the souls He is seeking, or whether theology who was met we may not become centers of inter- by one of his students ference? I am reminded of one clergy- and was asked this man of our own communion-I am abrupt question: "Doc- thankful to say he is not representative tor, do you believe in the Incarnation?" -who on being reminded that he and His reply was: "My dear fellow, the his little congregation had, through a Incarnation is taking place every day. space of five years, done nothing to ex- The Divine life is entering into human tend the Kingdom of God outside their relations and the living Christ is com- own borders, S'ent this brief response: ing to dwell in human bodies." Do you not see how this brought the idea down "My dear. Sir: I am very sorry that from the realm of dogmatic theology we can not help your work." and made it concrete as a matter of personal religious experience? Per- Do you not see where he had arhaps it did not categorically answer the rived? In spite of his sworn disciplequestion in the student's mind, but it ship, in spite of his acknowledged remust have answered the cry of his soul. sponsibility, he had come to think of Christ is seeking to be reincarnated in himself as concerned only with the welus. He asks us to become his human fare of a single congregation, while my feet to carry the message, his human work was to preach the Gospel in all hands to minister to his brethren, his the world, and he exprest a perfunchuman voice to tell the old, old story. tory regret that he could not assist me This is the test of discipleship. in it! It was very much as tho some county in England, on being asked to And what is a disciple? Surely, one send troops, should reply to Lord who follows a master and learns of Kitchener: "My dear Sir: Weare very him; ~ne who with listening ear and sorry that we can not help your war." eager heart strives to reproduce that But it isn't Kitchener's war, and if :;0, master's message for the world. That, it is doomed to failure from the start. I take it, is the attitude of us all, for I am speaking to those who are in the It isn't even the war of the men in closest way the sworn disciples of the trencheS'. If it is not England's Jesus Christ, and his interpreters to his war, it is worse than useless. I ask, brethren. therefore, do we realize" as a test of our discipleship, our responsibility for Weare indeed disciples, but wherein the entire enterprise? Let me say that do we find the test of discipleship? Let the criMcal place in the mission field is me mention briefly three things, which not in the mission field, but in the pews for our present l>urpose may constitute of our churches and in the hearts of such a test. our pastors. Our sense of responsi- bility is a real test of our discipleship. I. The first is responsibility. Do we not need to ask ourselves, 2. The second test is brotherhood. again and again,' whether we are really Slow as it has been in permeating the human race, the spirit of brotheI'- "From Men and Missions. Summary of address delivered at the Ministers' Convention in Rocbester, N. Y.

hood is the essence of Christ's religion. forever impossible, and the means Yet how perfunctorily and inadequately thereto is in the Gospel of Jesus Christ. this sense of brotherhood is sometimes Other devices have led only to bitter exprest. I confess to a sense of ex- disappointment. They have told us that asperation at the "good works" of some education would do away with war, and of our Christian congregations. They yet the nation which claims the great- talk about their Master's mission as est enlighte1'lment throws down the tho participation in if were a "work of battle-gage. They told us that com- supererogation," to which a special sort merce would do it; that civilization of reward should be attached. They wDuld dD it; that armaments would do conceive Df themselves as magnani- it. And all these theories 'were ex- mously dispensing spiritual riches tD ploded with the firing of the first gun. benighted and impDverished nations, About great armaments we ought never· and therefDre as entitled to plaudits to have been deceived. We were asked and resDlutions of gratitude. But the to believe that elaborate preparations spirit of brotherhood is the spirit of to commit wholesale murder were the sharing. Weare only decently honest best guaranty against murder I No I if we try to tell our brother of the brethren, there is only one peace in- great riches left for him in our Father's surance; it is in the hearts of men who will. To keep silence, while we our- have found their Christ, and been found selves enjoy the benefits, would be un~ of Him. And that power is strong thinkable for a true brother. 1£ we enough, if we can concentrate and· are to be real disciples we can not be- develop it, to influence the future of come blind allies of grace. We can no the world. This of all times is not the more stop to debate as to whether the yellow, or black or brown brother shall time to limit or intermit the world- hear about his Father's love for him, wide preaching of the Gospel of Peace.

than we can about the white brother. May I press upon you one closing Are we pressing this point of view thought? The tests of discipleship upon our congregations, or are we might easily be multiplied, but they are permitting them to continue, in a sort all alike in that they each present a .of spiritual snobbery to patronize the wonderful opportunity for us to know poor heathen so many times· a year? our Master. We miss our greatest joy and compensation if we have not looked 3. The third test of which I wish to into His heart of love and recognized speak is the "preparation of the Gospel His supreme passion. And what is that of Peace." passion? It is to bring al1 His Father's children home! Jesus would not have Since time began there has been no crossed the street of Jerusalem merely greater responsibility laid upon the am- to discuss theology with Nicodemus, but bassadors of Christ than that which He would come so far as from· the exists to-day. The Church faces her Throne of Glory to the Cross of Cal- greatest opportunity tD show herself vary to help Nicodemus understand Christian. We must, I believe, with all what His Father is like. our heart and strength try' tD create public opinion which shall make war 'Paganism values power as a means of exercising authority; Christianity .values power as a means of rendering service. Nor is this merely an ethical difference. Paganism reveres God because of His power and authority, and is a religion of fear. Christianity reveres· God because of His love and His freely offered service to His children, and is a religion of loyalty and hope.

A Bishop's Adventure In Mexico*

It is frequently very exciting, and sometimes expensive, to be an American bishop in Mexico, as illustrated by the following experience through which Bishop Aves and his family recently passed in GUadalajara, as told in a letter dated Christmas eve.

1.. O1· N December 17th, the beat him with their guns to make him night of Villa's entry tell where his master had his money (which was greeted hidden. They also deprived him of his blanket and shirt. . with great demonstra- I tried to reassure the family by . tions of rejoicing), at saying that they were "soldiers, who about 10 :30" as I was sitting alone reading-the other mem- had mistaken the house." But the light bers of the family having retired-I showed otherwise. They were bare- heard the chain on the front gate legged, wearing only breech-clouts, rattle and went to the door, turned on blankets, sombreros and sandals. When the light in the corridor and asked who the family and servants (and an Indian was there. The reply came "Please boy, who had come from the country come here." I thought it was the to attend our St. Andrew's 'School, and m030 (man-servant) from the next was passing the night with us) were door, where an old American lady was assembled, and the chief had become ill. assured that no other men were pres- I proceeded toward the gate, and ent he ordered his men to point their w):J.en within ten feet I saw some ten guns at my head while he said: or twelve men lined up with their "We must have from you at once rifles and pistols reaching through the ten thousand pesos, or we will take iron pickets of the fence. I was you and your son (Henry) with us "covered." "Soldiers," I thought, until it is paid."

"after some enemy, who have mistaken To this I replied, with a laugh the house." The leader demanded ad- (rather forced, it must have been), "I mISSIOn. I protested that I was an have no money for you. Weare American and had no one in hiding. Americans, as you may see by the "Open or we shoot I" was the answer. flag at the door. You have made a "I will get the key," I said, and mistake."

turned toward the house. "INe shall see," said the chief. "Show "No I No I Stand, or we will shoot. us the rooms. We must have your Call your mozo for the key." m~y. . . . "

I called Fidel, asleep at the rear of During the next naIf hour little the house. The calling awakened the Mary was with me. She played a family. splendid and useful P!lrt-comedy with When the gate was unlocked the a tragic setting. As soon as she joined leader took his position behind me with me I said to her (in English) : his pistol pointed over my right shoul- "We must play for time. Help will der and fifteen men followed to the come."

front door. Eight bandits entered the And we did. No key would readily house. Eight remained in the yard, fit tho they were grunting "Pronto, and a"s many more kept guard outside, prontol" Mary kept up a constant where they put Fidel on his knees and stream of talk (in Spanish). They -From The S{>irit of Missions (February).

demanded that she should show them is a bishop, you know-an American at once the safe (caja de fierre). bishop. See! Here is his cope, and this his chasuble, and this his mitre." "Oh yes, the safe! Come this way!" And she led them into the butler's "No, no, shut the box I We want pantry and showed them the ice-chest. money. Show us the safe 1" How greedily they pounced on it I And how the chunk of ice cooled their "Come this way, Captain." She ardor with its disappointment! tripped ahead into her own room, turned up the light and called out, "No, no, dinero puro I Dinero solo I "This is my room, Captain. Come in." Pronto !" (We filed in-past the safe.) Next she led them into the store- "Don't you think this is a pretty room, with its score of locked closets room, Captain? This is where I keep and drawers, which we proceeded (very my little jewelry. No, Captain, that sl~wly) to unlock. bracelet is not solid gold; but take it for your little girl. You have a little "You see, Captain, here is sugaT girl, Captain ? Yes, that little watch is only. And here is only flour. And gold; take it. YeS', that little watch is here-is-coffee," etc. silver. It will not run-but take it; it may please your little girl. No, there "N0, no, money! Only money!" is not money in that purse, I am sorry ~'Oh, yes I Well, we will now go to -oh, yes, fifty cents! No, the purse this next room." And we all filed is not silver, but your wife might like into the kitchen. it; take it," etc., etc. At this their patience, I felt, was Ilearly broken. Poking me with a The five men helped themselves to pistol in the back of the neck and everything that looked good, even to using some hard words, they followed clothing. Then they took Mary aside, us into Mrs. Aves' room. She had keeping me away with a pistol at my preceded us from another room under head, and with four pistols at her guard, and we found her trying to face and breast whispered to her. I divide equally between her two escorts soon heard her say, $71.00 in U. S. bills. Then Henry came under guard and found for them "No Captain, you shall not take away his Christmas savings of $50.00 in my mother! I am an American; I do Mexican. Then in answer to Mrs. not lie. Captain, have you a mother? Aves' pleadings to give them all I had And would you like to have your I produced from my pocket-book mother carried off? No! My father seventy-five dollars-Mexican. This only and my brother and I will die, die for whetted their greed. her." (You may imagine the despera- I warned Mary to keep them away tion of my helpless rage.) from the safe in which was a little jewelry, several hundred pesos and Just then a low whistle sounded outsome American money. It was kept side and the chief said "Vamonos I" in a clothes press between her room We filed out into the parlor. Mrs. Aves and mine. And she did. After con- was sitting where they had placed her ducting them into the bathroom she led ( with Henry near) and her guard the way to my bedroom. (who had shot himself) standing in. "This, Captain, is my father's room. his pool of blood. With the warning Here (opening bureau drawers) is 110t to leave the house until morning, where he keeps his clothes. (And they stole away. they took nearly all.) And in this big chest he keeps his vestments. He Fidel came in nearly naked and very cold. He said there were twenty-five besides others surrounding the house.

TO KEEP OUT OF DEBT

In a very few minutes, with the help have a little and (here he reached in .of a ladder (the bandits had IDcked his bosDm and drew out a clDth which the gate and taken the key) and the he unknotted, revealing a few small Indain bDY, we had warned the neigh- silver cDins) it is YDurs. And I will bDrs. Our material IDSS, including pray to God my thankS' that YDur lives three gold watches, jewelry, silver- are all spared." Of course I tDok it I ware, clothing and mDney, was not as SD beautiful an act wDuld not be great as it might have been, and YDU marred and so fine a spirit wDunded may be sure we are thankful the affair by a refusal. He had walked from waS' nDt more tragical. home-thirty miles-tD save that money, I must tell YDU .of a pretty little and he walked back feeling richer sequel. When the family was abDut than he came. I, tOD, am richer in to retire the Indian boy said tD me heart, with the feeling that not a few aside: "Now, by dear bishop, you have of these Indians are good and 'true and nD mDre mDney. YDU are pDDr. I' Christlike, and that all can be redeemed.

How to Keep Out of Debt AN IMAGINARY CONVERSATION IN THE BOARD ROOMS· [JTJ HE Traveled Layman entered the office of the Secretary and, began at once. "Suppose, .of course, you're greatly delighted at raising those debts!" "Yes, indeed, it takes a burden .off and makes better work pDssible." "Well, you're going tD plunge right into another debt, aren't you?" "I hope nDt; but of this year's incDme we can't be sure till the books are closed."

"Well, I came in to say that if there is another debt I am going to draw out. This isn't business, and I wDn't stand for it."

"Quite SD. I feel that way myself. In fact, I have SDme prDposals ready tD make to the Board in connectiDn with the next budget that will gD far tD CDrrect matters and make debt unlikely."

"Glad tD hear that. That sounds new and businesslike. But how are YDU going to dD it ? You can't make the people give more than they want tD."

"ND; that is nDt the idea. We must not ask them to give so much. In other wDrds, we must cut down .our budget."

"That's right. Now YDu're getting at it. The budget has been swelled abDve the giving capacity."

"YDU don't believe that, dD you? You mean beyond the willingness tD give."

"We won't quarrel about terms-the result is the same. We are spend- ing mDre than we can get."

"And my prDposal is that, since we must cut dDwn sDmewhere, and we have already pared the missionaries down to the discouraging and distressing point, we simply begin tD retrench by dropping our missiDns in India."

"India! Why, you don't mean the Teluga Mission, the 'Lone Star' field where they baptized 3,000 in a day-where Clough was?"

*From Mtssio…, February. 1915.

"Yes; that is South India." "Well, I can tell you the denomination wouldn't stand that, not for a minute. Why, that is preposterous." "Very well, I'll change the proposition. If you think it wiser, I'll propose that we get out of Japan." "Japan!" in a high voice; "at this time) when we've got to do all we can to keep on friendly terms or find ourselves run out entirely in our trade. Why, of course we can't leave Japan now. We might as well declare war at once, for the missionaries have saved the day for us so far." "That's true; but what can we do? I have no particular choice, and I'll make it China, then." "Are you crazy, man? China! Why, I was there myself and saw how the doors ate all· open to our missionaries, when they are shut to other folks. China is the biggest missionary field in the world to-day, and we ought to have ten tit):les the force we now have there. Don't talk about China, unless you want to take men from somewhere else and put them in there." "That's the way I used to talk, until you and the others like you said so much about running into debt that I saw it was no use, and we must do in- stead of talk. We haven't a mission that isn't undermanned at·present, and we are working our missionaries to death and denying them aid and the tools needed to work with. I have come to see that it is criminal to let things go on in this way, and that we might far better lop off a whole country and put the balance of our work in proper shape, and keep out of debt. So I don't see but it must be one field or another, and you can take your choice." "I won't make any choice. The Baptists wouldn't listen to any of these proposals. Just go up to the Convention with a proposal to drop China and see what would happen." "I know very well; and I know, too, that debate, however impassioned, and resolutions, however strong, will neither raise the money from the chutches nor sustain the missions. It is time the Convention and the denomination faced this matter with something besides resolutions. The Board is helpless; it can not make appropriations out of fine sentiments or even indignant protests. What can you suggest ? We mustn't go into debt, you say, and we mustn't reduce the appropriations-what on earth can we do?" "I hadn't seen the thing in just this light, I confess. Debts won't do, I'm as sure of that as ever, because they wear out the people's patience and get ,on the nerves. But it won't do to talk about cutting off any of our missions either, because the people won't stand that. As a business man, and I hope one of some sense, I can see only onc way out-I rather think we've got to hustle around and raise more money. I'll do my share, Mr. Secretary. And, say, don't put in that proposition just yet. Let's put it up to the Convention, and see if we can't organize a League of Individual Underwriters-five hUQdred or more of our laymen-who will help present this matter in a business way to the churches, and then stand back of the Board and see that there is no debt." "I think that if you could bring that about, the churches would rally to it,' and we could put the extra men in China, and begin to carryon our mission work as tho we realized that it was God's work and the noblest enterprise He has committed to us."

READER, WHAT SAY you? Olf . . . .~.~•. . . . r) i BEST METHODS ', . …'!!/."

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK OBJECT TALKS AND EXERCISES FOR MISSIONARY RALLIES CHENECTADY has– Dollars for Self and Cents for Christ Three boys were on their way home . been trying some of the from Sunday-school one Sunday. Their S plans outlined in the names were Philip, Thomas, and James. A missionary from Afnca had just been , Best Methods Depart- telling them some wonderful stories about his work in the great Dark Con- ~ ment. One of these was tinent that Livingstone explored. He a May Missionary Rally had been very much in earr.est, for his heart was overflowing with love for the of all the Sunday-schools of Schenec- poor black creatures he was trying to teach about Christ. As he told 0'£ the tady and vicinity modeled after the wretched, degraded men who have no hope, either in this life or the life to Children's Rally at Harrisburg, Pa.'" It come, and of the downtrodden women ao.d helpless little children, the sympawas held under the auspices of the Mis·· thies of the toys had been deeply stirred.. They went away with a solemn feeling sionary Department of the Schenectady in their hearts. He had asked them to help, and they wanted to do it. Ori the County Sunday-school .Association, amI way home they talked of what they could do. was such a success that it is to be held "I always give to missions and every- thing else," said Phil. "I give something regularly in May of each year. every Sunday, don't you?" "No," said Tom, "but I give five or The program consisted of stories and ten cents when I think I can spare it- when I have a good deal of money and missionary hymns sung from memory don't want it for something special." "I give whatever father and mother by ·the children. It was printed in full give me for it," said Jim. "Sometimes it's more and sometimes it's less." in The Empire State Sunday-school "I always give my own money," .said Phil. "1 don't think it's any giving at Leader in July, and the title of one story all unless you do that." "That's the best way, I'm sure," said ("Dollars for, Self and Cents for Tom, soberly. "They say it's regular giving that counts, don't they?" Christ") made such an impression that "It means that what you give is just S'O much out of what you would like to requests for it have come from such dis- tant points as Nova Scotia and Texas.

As it appeared in The Indian Witness more than thirty years ago, and is now inaccesslble, we reprint it here, with some changes to bring it up to date.

The Best Methods Editor, who told it at the Rally, has used it many times.

To make it more effective, the items of expenditure should be written in a little account book, which the children will examine with eager interest at the close. As given here, it is a story for boys; but by changing the names and the expense items it can be made equal- ly effective for girls or young women.

The story should be told, not read.

·See'REVIEW for February, 1914. spend on yourself, doesn't it?" asked "Oh, stop, Uncle George; that isn't it 1 Jim, thoughtiully. That's when I was at Grandfather's, last summer, and I promised mother I would "Yes," said Phil, feeling very self- put down every cent I spent. She gave . denying and virtuous, "it does." me $5.00 for expenses, and wanted me to treat the boys." "I believe I'll try your ,way," said Tom. "And I'll keep an account, and see how But Uncle George did not seem to hear much it amounts to." and went on: The missionary had suggested that the August 8th: Baseball cap, 50 cents. Sunday-school children form little 5'0- August 10th: Chewing gum, 5 cents; cara- cieties to study and pray about missions mels, 20 cents.. and raise money. So the next afternoon August 12th: Shoe m~nded, 40 cents. several boys came to Phil's house to talk August 13th: Bananas, 25 cents. it all over. They decided to organize a August 14th; Missions, 5 cents; church, society, and Phil brought down his ac- 3 cents– count-book to take the names. [The story-teller here produces a small ac- "Please, Uncle, let me have it." count-book and lays it on the table.] A preamble in which there occurred many August 15th; Strawberry sundaes (for high-sounding words setting forth their the boys), 50 cents. resolves and intentions was composed and written in the book, and underneath August 16th:' Necktie, 25 cents. the boys sigped their names as charter- August 17th: Doughnuts, 15 cents. members of the society. That evening Augttst 18th: Ice cream soda, 10 cents. Phil's Uncle George came in after tea August 19th; Popcorn,S cents. and found the account-book lying on the August 20th; l'1eanuts, 10 cents; phos- table. phate, 5 cents; marbles, 5 cents. August 21st: Church, 2 cents; Sunday- "What's this, Phil?" he asked, pick- school, 1 cent. ing it up and turning the pages [the August 22nd: Jack knife, 50 cents. story-teller does likewise]. "I'm glad you don't forget your benev- "That's my account-book, Uncle. I olences, Phil," said his uncle giving up brought it down this afternoon to take the book at last with a suspicion of a the names of the boys and draw up reso- smile. lutions for cur missionary society." Phil was covered with shame and con- "May I read it? It isn't a secret so- fusion. He had not thought much ciety, is it?" about his expenditures, tho he had kept his promise to his mother to keep an ac- "Oh, no. You may read it.. I am count of the money with which she kept simply trying to work up the idea of him so liberally supplied. Now, in look- liberal giving to missions among the ing over the hasty entries [story-teller boys." looks over the pages], he was astonished.

"A most excellent idea," said his uncle, "Well, well!" he exclaimed, as he add-· trying to conceal his aqlUsement at Phil's ed up the items. "Most of it for my- rather pompous tone. "Let me see." self: $4.25 for eating and play and 17 [Story-teller reads from the account- cents given away. And I bragging to book.] the boys about giving regularly and sys- tematically I" August Srd; Ice cream soda, 10 cents; ball game, 25 cents; peanuts, 25 cents. Phil was a conscientious boy, and he could not help thinking how much this August 4th; Baseball bat, 35 cents. money would have done for missions. If August 6th; Candy, 15 cents. his mother had aimed to teach him a August 7th: Church, 4 cents; Sunday- lesson through his account-book, she had school, 2 cents–

DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

succeeded. Presently he got up and journed to the lawn, where an exercise stood before the glass. was given by eleven children-ten girls "Now, my young man," he said, shaking his fist at the boyish face he saw representing the ten republics of South there [the story-teller does likewise], "this must stop. You know very well America and one boy representing the that a quarter for peanuts looks as small as a pin's head, and a quarter for giving Indians. The children were grouped at looks as big as a cart-wheel! It's gQt to stop, sir I This book isn't going to show the head of the map in a little clump any more accounts of dollars for self and cents for the Lord Jesus Christ." of trees, and came forward one at a time to take their places on the country they represented, and give some infor- . •.. I matlOn concernmg It..

The girls were drest in white, and each carried something typical of the LAWN MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA AT UNION COLLEGE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

A LAWN MAP AT UNION COllEGE country. Each had also a broad band across the breast, cut .from inexpensive Another plan tried at Schenectady last cream-colored cambric, with the name of year was an exercise with a grass map the country stenciled in black. These similar to those made at Birmingham were held in place by two knots of col- ored crepe paper, one fastened on the * and Rushden, England. right shoulder, the other belo.w the waist on the left side. The colors used were It was done at a porch meeting on the principal ones in the flags of the South America, held last August by the different republics. Woman's Missionary Society of Union Presbyterian Church. at the residence of It was a pretty and profitable exercise the president, Mrs. "Varren C. Taylor, and the map, which did not wash away on Union College Campus. On the lawn for many weeks, attracted a great deal Professor Taylor had outlined in mar- of attention. Many stopt to. examine ble-dust, applied with a funnel, a great it-postmen, delivery boys, and workmap of South America, measuring about men as well as chance visitors. 24 to 30 feet. At the close of the' program on the porch the company ad- So far as known this is the first time a grass map has been used at a mission- ·Described in Tm: REVIBW in May, 1914.

ary meeting in America. It proved a large country we need a great many planweII worth importing. For' an in- more. Will you not send themr'

door meeting the same idea could be Bolivia [a smaner girl holding some- ousredt~pthee map being outlined with string thing made of silver]-"I am Bolivia. on a large rug or' marked in I live next door to Brazil (looking up with chalk on the bare floor. The ex- at her) and feel very small by her side.

ercise used was as follows: r, too, supply you with precious metals and rubber. But more precious still are The Ten Republics of South A.nerica* the many souls who live in my bounds Argentine [holding a toy she~p]-"I without Christ. Argentina and Brazil am Argentine. I keep you supplied with are more fortunate than 1. I have to sheep, wheat, hides, frozen meat and be mostfy content with flying visits from sugar for the table. I am rather flat missionaries and colporteurs from the and uninteresting compared with the Bible Society. They bring us Gospels other republics (waves her hands to- and Bibles, but fe~ of my people know ward them), but I have an inJeresting how to read. We need missionaries so city called Buenos Aires, where people badly. But they would have to travel of all nations and languages are living. .on horseS' and mules, for there are no There are a few missionaries at work nice roads for bicycles and motor cars.

and many boys and girls in that city, are My country is very hilly for the wonder- being taught about the Good Shepherd, ful Andine Mountains run through me."

but we need many more. You owe a Chili [holding a piece of nitrate of debt of gratitude to me. Will you not soda or a jar of salsoda]-"I am Chili.

do something for my people in return? But my climate is not chilly I I am all Souls are more preciOtts than sheep and squeezed up by the side of Argentina the Bread of Life than wheat that and they tease me about being 'two perisheth." thousand miles long and two inches Brazil [a large girl with a bag of 'wide.' I was looked upon as' a barren coffee]-"I am Brazil, the biggest re- country until some clever person dis- public in South America. If I opened covered that I am full of nitrates. I my mouth wide enough I could swallow have coal, too, and petroleum. So, tho the whole United States and still have I am long and narrow, I am very rich- room for more I And. the greater part ,richest of all in precious souls who of me is unexplored. If it were not for need the message o,{ the Cross."

me you would all go short of coffee for Colombia [holding a piece of raw breakfast. And think of me every time rubber or something made of ru1;>ber]- you crack a Brazil nut! I also supply "My name is Colombia. I,.' too, grow you with bananas and oranges and rubber in my territory. I wish I could rubber for your bicycle'and motor tires. grow missionaries ! We need them so I f my rubber trees could speak they very badly here. I am not so very small would tell you stories of cruelty by and I can't see why I am so neglected.

wicked white men that would make you The South American Missionary So- ·weep. I am also full of hidden treasure ciety has one good missionary here and such as gold and diamonds. In the cities there are a few sent by the American and towns my people speak Portuguese, Presbyterian Church. But we need but it is not difficult to learn. We have many, many more; Please send them about 200 missionaries. But in such a soon."

· 'Condensed and adapted from a complete pro· Ecuador [rather a small girl holding g,-am on South America, coml1lled hY' Katha'ine A. a Panama hat]-"l am Ecuador. I am Hodge and published by the Evangelical Union of sandwi,ched between CoIom1;>iit and Peru ·South Arnerict,· 8 and 9 Essex Street, Strand, Loridon, W.C., England. Price 3 pence.

OF BEST

and am rather small compared with tains of difficulty in the way of giving my sisters. Cocoa and ivory nuts the Gospel to me, but only obey the abound in me, and raw rubber. I am Lord and Light shall come to my very hot, for the equator runs through people."

me. But missionaries can come to me Venezuela [holding a cocoanutJ-"I without fear of sunstroke, for I can am Venezuela. My condition is much keep any number of them supplied with the same as my sister republics–neg- Panama hats I My people need the lected and forgotten. The beautiful Gospel, so send us missionaries and Orinoco flows through me. South do not mind the heat." America is full of rivers, the mighty Paraguay [holding a Mate cup and Amazon, the River Platte. But the tube or a small bowl and a glass tube] River of Salvation-where is' it? Alas, 1-"1 am Paraguay. Nobody hears it is not here, for there are no chan- much about me, but I am very inter- nels. Will you not send missionaries esting nevertheless. I supply the con- to be channels through which the River tinent with Mate, the native tea. We of God may flow to us?"

do not drink it out of cups and The Indian [holding a bow and saucers as you do, but draw it through arrow]-"I represent the Indians.

a bombi11a or tube. A few mission- There are hundres of tribes in the aries have been working among my interior. You will find us in every people for years, and there are bright republic-in the rubber forest, on the rays of light where they have been. banks of the Amazon, on the Andine But we need so many, many more." Mountains, in the Land of Fire at Peru [holding. a nugget of gold, or the foot of the continent. The great something that looks like itJ-"1 am Darwin thought one tribe of our dusky Peru. I am sure you must know brothers was the 'missing link,' but he something about me, for my history is afterward acknowledged his mistake.

so thrilling and romantic; Prescott's We, too, have souls that Jesus died to 'Conquest of Peru' is more exciting save. Hundreds of us have never than any English novel you can read. heard the Gospel, and no one can Let me tell you something my sister speak our many tongues. Some of us republics have not told you. We have are civilized, but most of us are wild an enemy. Can you guess her name? and savage. The great enemy of the It is Rome and she has worked tiS republics (waves his hands toward lots of harm. But we need not fear them) is our enemy too. Rome has her any longer, her power is broken. taken everything from us–our liberty, We have had a few missionaries but our homes, our children. What has now you have a great opportunity to she given us in return? Oppression send us many more. They will receive and slavery. We must toil on the a great welcome." farms and work in the mines. The Uruguay [a very small girl with a rubber-gatherers hunt for us as they model of a cow]-"I am Uruguay. I hunt for wild beastS'. Unless we bring am so small I am afraid you will not in enough rubber, we are .beaten, notice me at all. But you have heard starved, tortured, and then killed or of my port, Monte Video. It means, left to die in the forest. Our blood 'I see a mountain.' South America is cries to you from the riversides, the full of mountains, and Jesus said, 'If plains and the forests. Hundreds of.

thou shalt say to this mountain, be thou us pass away yearly into Christless removed and cast into the midst of the' graves. Is it nothing to you?"

sea, it shall be done.' There are moun- At the close the ten republics and

the Indian unite in singing "Rescue The talk to be given with the dolls ·the Perishing," or some other appro- is as follows: priate hymn. "I am going to tell you a story to- TEN LITTLE INDIANS· day about a boy named Jack, whose An Object Talk on Giving —-_ …

F or this exercise ten home – made Indian'

dolls and a mite-box, – – – – – …. ,, with a penny inside, will be necessary. To I tI make the dolls, take ten pennies with Indian I heads on them (if bright ones can not be :IJI~I~~~. had, scour some old ones) and glue them to strips of cardboard three – eighths of an inch wide and two inches long. (See fig- father gave him ten little Indians to ure 1.) These will do what he pleased with. Perhaps form the heads and necks of the Indians. you would like to see them. Here they For the bodies use clothespins-the are (open the box or basket containing patent kind with springs. Insert the cardboard strips in these with the penny and about a quarter of an inch of the cardboard protruding. The springs will hold them in position.

To make the dresses cut ten rect- angles, four inches by six, from brown wrapping paper and fold them through the middle crosswise. With the fold at the top draw on each the outline shown in figure 2. With the sheets still double cut on the dotted lines and make slashes to represent fringes, three-quarters of an inch deep for the sleeves and one inch for the bottom of the skirt. Slip the dresses over the heads of the dolls and tie in around the waist with red ribbon. To make the dolls stand up, glue the clothes-pins to circles of heavy cardboard one and a half inches in diameter. (See figure 3)· 'This little talk, given by the Best Methods the dolls and stand them on a table editor at Union Presbyterian Church last year on where all can see them). Can you see' Children's Day, is especially appropriate for this year when so many are studying about the North their faces? Each little Indian is on American Indians. The seed-thought came from a Iit.tle poem in "Missionary Gems for Juniors. H – B. M. B.

OF BEST METHODS

a copper cent! (If one little Indian is The eighth little Indian he traded off held close to the children they will for marbles (remove number 8). Then quickly discover the penny-head&). there were two. The marbles were fine ones, but they all ran away-rolled Jack was delighted to have so many down the register where no one could Indians to do just what he pleased get them.. with. He decided at once to make them buy things for him. So he took With the ninth little Indian Jack one into a store and exchanged him for bought a popcorn-ball (remove number a penny top (throw one Indian down 9). Then there was one. But the into a box or basket out of sight). popcorn went so fast, Jack wondered Then there were nine. It was great where he'd put it. fun spinning the top. But one day Jack lost the peg and the fun had to The tenth little Indian, the very last stop. of all, Jack put in his mite-box and there he kept it close (remove number He took the second little Indian to 10 and produce a mite-box with a a candy-shop and handed him over the penny inside). Jack could hear him counter for a lolly-pop (remove Indian dancing (shake the mite-box) and number 2). Then there were eight. making merry all alone. Then Jack The lolly-pop was good, very good began to wish he had the other nine indeed, but before Jack knew it was that he had spent. all eaten up. That is what Jack did with his The third little Indian he traded off little Indians. Do you think he was for jack-stones (remove number 3). a wise boy? The nine that he spent Then there were seven. The jack- for eating and playing did not do him stones were fine fun, but there was a very much good, did they? They are hole in Jack's pocket and one day he all gone and the things he bought with found them all mis·sing. them are gone too. What has he left? Just the one he gave to God. That is The fourth little Indian he invested always the way. The only things we in a penny whistle (remove number 4). really keep are the things we give Then there were six. The whistle away. They are laid up as treasure in made a jolly noise. But he blew it heaven, and when we go to God we in school one day. You know what will find them again. happened-the teacher took it away! That is one lesson the little Indians The fifth little Indian rolled down a can teach us. But there is another. crack (remove number 5). Then there Suppose we put them all up on the were five. Jack had been fooling with table again, those Jack used for him: this little Indian, tossing heads and self all together, the one he gave to tails. Suddenly, to Jack's dismay, the God by itself (put the Indians back little fellow ran away. on the table as suggested). How many did Jack spend on himself? Nine. With the sixth little Indian Jack How many did he give to God? One. bought a big fat doughnut (remove Look at those nine standing all tonumber 6). Then there were four. gether and then look at that poor lonely The doughnut was delicious, but it was one. It does not seem as tho he ha'd gone in half a minute. given a very large proportion, does it? Yet he gave one out of ten, and that The seventh little Indian went into is what God asks us to give. But a slot-machine to get a piece of gum many Christians think it entirely too (remove number 7). Then there were much. three. Jack chewed and chewed and chewed, but at last got tired and threw the gum away.

When anyone gives a tenth, we call "Of such is the kingdom of heaven," it tithing. I wish that now, while you Our Lord Jesus' Christ has said; are children, you would make it the rule of your life to tithe all you get. He wants not only the white ones, When anyone gives you ten cents, But the black, the brown and the red. first of all (not last of all, like Jack) put aside one penny for God. Then My story is first of our Northland, God will bless you. How do I know? Alaska's great mountains and vales, He says so in the Bible. Listen (take tip a Bible and read from it Malachi Where children are waiting in darkness 3 :10)-HBring ye all the tithes into the For the Light that never fails. storehouse, that there may be meat in my house, and prove me now herewith, Even tho you have never heard it, saith the Lord of hosts, if I will not There are little white people out West open you the windows of heaven and pour you out a blessing that there shall Who have never heard of our Jesus, not be room enough to receive it." And how in Him we are blest.

UNCLE SAM'S LITTLE CHILDREN Many little folks live in the mountains-:- Mountaineers, they are called, I am told; This little exercise, reprinted from They need all the help we can give them, The Sunday School Times (January They are out of the great Shepherd's 24, 1903), was' prepared by Amy Brain fold. Taylor, to show the scope of Home Missions.* In giving it select twelve I n the great big State of Utah, children and have each one learn one And some of the other States too, of the following verses. Stretch a wire across the platform and cut the There are thousands of Mormon children twelve initial letters from cardboard, That should learn to love Jesus like you. the colors rotating red, white and blue. At the top of each letter put a hook Such great, great numbers of foreigners to hang it by. Give the letters to the Have come to our land from abroad; children, and as they recite their verses let the reader hang the letters on the Neither they nor their little children wire ,so that when the exercise is com- Have heard very much about God. pleted the words, "Home Missions" will appear. Still others that live in our country Are the Indian children so strong;. Have you ever heard of the children That uncle Sam can claim, They are waiting to hear about Jesus, They have waited already too long, And how we are trying to'.tell them The story of Jesus' name? In the seas to the south of the homeland, Porto Rico and Cuba both lie; *The work in the Hawaiian Islands is largely under the care of the Hawaiian Evangelical Asso- There are thousands of little dark children, ciation, a local organization with headquarters at "Oh, send us the Gospel I" they cry. Honolulu, and the work in the Philippines is under the carE: of the Foreign Boards, and comes under Of all Uncle Sam's little people, the head of Foreign Missions. None more need the story that saves Than the bJack boys and' girls of the Southland, The children of those who were slaves.

Now down by the Mexican border, But still in the country we love, Are hundreds of Mexican children, Who know little of Jesus above.

So you see there are many to work for, And many to pray for as well.

We children must help to send workers The story of Jesus to tell, 'This war is irresistibly leading to the conclusion that the only civilization that will meet the requirements of this ,century and of the generations to follow is that which receives its sanction and guaranty from a Christian world federation for universal good order and protection.-lames L. Barton, D.D.

OF THE PROTESTANT FOREIGN MISSIONAR'f' SOCIETIES OF ENGLAND, IRELAND, SCOTLAND AND WALES

(Copyright, 1915, by the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD:) STATISTICS GATHERED BY REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., TORONTO, CAN.

A number of the smaller societies have failed to answer our enquiries; others have rendered only partial reports. These statistics are, however, the most complete obtainable.-EDITOR.

FOREIGN MISSIONARIES NATIVE WORKERS NUMBER OF BAPTISMS PHYSICIANS NAME OF ORGANIZATION Foreign Countries in which Missions are Sustained (Abhreviated) .." and Number of Missions ·o~5 England $608,800 $51,008 168 17 3 150 109 456 57 807 864 1,320 78 1,113 571 25,170 2,250 427 17,793 21 525 968 16,876 26 29 104,331 Belgian and Portuguese Kongo, India, Ceylon, China, Jamaica, Eumpe.

Baptist Miss. Society (incl. Zenanna Mission) …. 1792 130,000 235 198 126 565 565 175 741 1,275 71,500 Belgian Kon!!"o, West Indies, Argentina, etc., India, China, Spain, Malaysia, Angola, Christian Missions in Many Lands …………… 1836 3,447 243,563 'Propagation Society (S. P. G.) ……………. 1701 N. RhodeSIa. Church Missionary Society………………… 1799 15 India, China, Japan, Malaysia, Africa, W. Indies, etc., Ceylon, Mauritius, China, South American Missionary Society ………..•• 1844 1,035,619 220,000 490 24 28 271 822 253 3,041 3,294 4,116 543 544 936 88,875 159,574 6,797 15,709 31,433 3,200 14 22 20 Japan Amertca. 'Jerusalem and the East. . • . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . • . . .. 1888 386 16,289 Universities Mission ….••………•…..•..•.. 1861 2,444,295 14,525 1 403 65 21 58 373 420 1,340 454 9,871 10,325 11,665 569 4,936 121,110 274,069 55,212 17,225 15,593 55,212 I 1,987 94,822 109 2,893 54 1,327,466 Africa, Egypt and Sudan, Palestine, Arabia, India. Zenana Missionary Society (Ch. of Eng.) ……. 1880 76,622 19 22 Friends Foreign Mission Association ..•……… 1868 25,082 18 4 35 i 98 16 16 114 16 24 12 4 Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentine, Chili. Friends Pemba Industrial Mission. . . . . . . . . • . . . .. 1896 'Primitive Methodist. ……………………. " 1842 41,495 20,865 18 2 2 7' H 43 44 78 9 10 Palestine, Syria, Egypt, British E. Africa, Portuguese E. Africa. 'United Methodist ………………………… 1857 Wesleyan Methodist Miss. Society… . . . . . . . . . . .. 1813 244,394 51 29 71 153 24 625 649 802 29 402 14,190 10,321 19,822 1,371 8,275 4 200 On most stations. Nyassaland, German E. Africa, Zanzibar, Rhodesia. Presbyterian Church of England ….•……..•.. 1847 British and Foreign Bible Society …………… 1804 21 "British Syrian Mission ………………….. · 1860 China Inland Mission …………… ··········· 1865 300,730 .. ··1 18 •••• I 291 309 1,158 1,158 1,467 65 12 24 42 412,255 India, China, Ceylon and Singapore. Egypt General Mission ………….. ·······.··· 1897 'English Council, Y. M. C. A………………… 1890 145,203 15,552 3: 31 2 34 26 i 103 1,233 1,233 1,336 25 66 197 4,128 17,931 :1:300 233 10,008 17 1,618 i 116 5,581 tll •••• 21,480 India, Madagascar, China. 'Indian Christian Literature Society ……….•… 1858 'Kinku and Central Indian Hill Miss …………. 1890 1 ! 10 8 8 18 3 2 34 194 . . . . . . 1' 3 37 1! East Africa. Lebanon Hospital for Insane ………….. · … ·· 1900 London Missionary Society………………… 1795 10,901 5,368 2 …… North Africa Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ····· ….. 1881 'Regions Beyond Miss. Union ……………….. 1899 10,000 29 20 18 i 68 50 57 125 21 55 I 2,800 500 200 60 3,000 2 20 1,000 Western, Southern and Central China. Salvation Army ………………..••………. 1865 15,531 1 26 South Africa General Mission …………….. ,. 1889 54,045 I 10 304 5 1 325 129 3,598 55,000 China, Eastern and Western Africa, China, W. Indies, South and Central America. Sudan United Mission ……………….. ··· .. · 1904 22 6 6 35 5 59 29 629 658 717 346 236 1 387 16,688 603 109 10,411 136 6,531 Zenanna Bible and Med. Mission …….•..••. ··. 1852 74,973 i 15 Livingstone College………………. ···· …. · 1893 107,270 West Africa, South Africa, India, Ceylon, Burma. Y. M. C. A. (British) …………………….. 1891 847,600 1,202,805 358 18 : 122 813 359 3,969 4,328 5,141 302 1,400 1,700 133,680 181,196 6,372 2,085 118,330 24 4,414 27 5,840 10 184,782 China, Formosa, Japan, Bengal, Sweden and Denmark. Medical Missionary Ass'n ….••••…………… 1878 British and Foreign Sailors' Society…………. 1818 179,985 30,500 30 161, 4 36 127 52 457 509 636 15 334 149 12,900 9,402 30,000 639 918 49 3,000 10 384 199 4,607 i 15 The Strict Baptist Mission ..•….•.•……… ··· 1861 17 Nile Mission Press.••…….•…………•….. 1905 32 20 1,830 1,850 1,882 All countries excepting U. S. A., Norway. Moravian Missions …….•••.•.•..•• •·····•···· 1732 866,035 511,200 Syria.

30,992 7,513 20 20 87 87 107 8 27 23 801 2 119 40 3,339 2 227 1,006 322 7,712 475,271 12,569 U408 20 4 326 342, 1,100 17 2,555 2,572 3,672 721 30,710 :1:4,546 9 68 55,035 China, Japan. 6 7 350 19,339 4,773 8 4 21 35 33 33 68 8 39 205 3 ' 15,385 Egypt. 18,169 I 2 13 8' 21 ····1····1i 21 2 Egypt, British East Africa, India, Burma, Malaysia, China, Palestine. 197 104 60,202 2 1i 6 •••• i .~~~ I 17 1,630 27 898 •••• ! India. 12 2 6,572 India. 191 1! 1,172 46 Syria. 12,369 3,938 8 7 'i 8' 23 21 22 45 27 2,248 8 , 175 102 550 20 10 435 18 80 10 6,500 12,470 •••• i 3' 12 12 15 20 55 …. I 1,132,420 271,526 9 179 i 82 471 852 6,628 7,480 7,951 80,889 31p,882 1,900 86,071 2,230 102,827 50 315,899 Africa, Madagascar, West Indies, South Seas, Papua, China, India. 43,532 5,464 11 4 90,000 164 33 4 18 3: 75,700 13 25 39 65 12 12 77 100 80 North Africa. 65,552 11 69 2,113 549 13,993 I 82 2,000 9 49 60 60 109 10 188 3,150 9i Central Africa (Kongo), India, Portuguese East Africa. 54 3,186 22 •.•. 1 4' 35,120 South Africa, Dutch Indies, India and Ceylon.

51 947 955 6,149 6,149 7,104 1,059 30,958 231 •••• I 15 24 77 104, 104 181 20 Figures not availa ble. 11 20 I South Africa, South Central Africa, Portuguese East Africa.

13 Western Africa.

3 19 10 50 50 …. I 55,845 6 83 ····1 89 314 314 403 2 357 6 112,474 India.

108,250 Interdenominational Medical School, London.

10,000 ….

9 9 3 12 8 India, Malaya, British East Africa, Palestine.

17,500 Supports Medical Missionaries under various societies.

10,000 18 289 289 289 112 Work among sailors in many ports.

216,915 3 18,000 1,500 3 13 100 100 113 4 20 3 20 24 2,000 24 India.

7,700 4 39 39 43 Egypt.

9,608 ~ 2 … [ German East Africa, etc., Labrador, Alaska, West Indies, South Africa. All British Colonies. 129,397 155,566 142 2 44 166 12 367 48 2,122 2,170 2,537 156 187 35,238 61,274 5,238 660 3,793 1,535 189 25,375 9 256 440 36,198 Colonial Missionary Society……………….. 1836 27,910 6 230 200 120 557 557 180 500 "' ….. . About forty countries. Open Brethren ……………….. ······· …. · 141,435 Missionary Leaves Ass'n …………………… 1868 §162 162 162 Prints Tracts and papers. 10,538 Distributes Christian Literature.

Religious Tract Society……………………. 1799 97,905 Assists :Missions in the Levant. 20,000 Nyassaland. Bible Lands Missions Aid Society …. ' ………. 1854 16,965 101 >:~~~ I:::~ 8 Zambesi Industrial Mission ••.•…•…………. 1892 Argentine, Brazil, Peru. Evangelical Union of S. America. '.' .,'. '.' ….. , .. 1911 24,861 16 13 i 29 29 8 93 1,579 1,579 390 1,122 101 3,000 51 London Society for Promotmg Chrlsttamty Among 5,846 190 the Jews (L. J. S.) ……………. ··• …… · 1809 402,519 British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel 70,000 1 3,500 2 24 21 62 16 16 78 19 10 6,536 Among the Jews ………….• ··············· 1842 248,617 1 23 11 64 42 "165 305 .. ··11 305 38 120 18 2,729! 2 ttJ,428 Holland, Morocco, Roumania, Russia, Syria, Austria, Ahyssinia, England, Egypt, Barbican Mission to the Jews ……………. ··· 1819 35,865 ' i Germany. Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel. ……….. 1893 :8 I;8 10 :~: 5 ' 34 ' 34 14 :::: 1 60 57,815 . . . . 'I I Seventeen Other English Societies ………….. . 3 15,376 England, Austria, Germany, Russia, Turkey. , Total ……….. ··························· . I …… i London. I Scotland 20,920 ·• .. 1 I I : : ! . . . . . . Church of Scotland For. Miss. Com………….. 1824 I …… I … . England, Germany, Hungary, Russia. Edinburgh Medical M. S…………………… 1841 'John F. Paton Fund ………….. ·········· … 1892 1 :· …. , ::: '. 4 …. I …. 1 1 •• .. 1 45 2,759 I … . Mission to Lepers in India and the East. ……… 1874 United Free Church …………….. · ………• 1900 20,000 I' 78 i 84 i 113 I 69 _._.._. I~ i__4 1[ 50 8 3,227 69,337 17,753 '29 6 10 37 5 591 ……

7 ',6 [[ 236 lOll !~ 1 …. …. 15 1 448,479142,966 36,122 109,044 1 8,309 2,462 [ 117,497 8,382 448,3281 246 281 2,793,100 $10,375,751 $2,707,414 2,416 1,901 12,227 i 9,392 1 2,180. 42,712 44,892 54,284 4,373114,553 6,286 569,945 695,938 26,926 39,203 1 i' 'I I II I I 31: 10 I 3 1,539 1,4341 4,548 233 6 2,013 4491 20,751 8 …. 1 131,826 India (6), Africa (2), China (1) 151,860 40,750! 19 40 15 118 211 1,149! 1,170 1.288, 28 8,494 4 I 29,890 ! …. / 'I! 7,790 I ••• 20 i 1 2 21 16,568 Syria, Palestine 2,019 115,567 i Melanesia. 41· . . . 2 4 10 I 10 1 10 2i In all foreign lands where leprosy is found. 16,000 …….. I 5 I 31 …. , 2 5 5 20 …. : 200 200 220 I 5! 38 45 551,000 West Indies, Arabia and Lebanon, India, China, Africa, New Hebrides. 142,340 45,170 i Reported under the missions to which missiona! ies employed belong. 1 86 4,346 613 48 839,592 600,935 223 1,358 120 I 44! 181 69 1661 133 550 70 1 4,6371 4,707 5,091 223 59,858 67,719 P,994 13 2,514 Continuation Com. of World's Miss. Conf…….. 1910 14,125 ".'" ; I ;l;I ;I " " " " ;;;I ' 180 202 11 453 10 1,152 2 3 27,276 Hungary and Turkey. Jewish Com. of U. F. Ch. of Scotland (Women's) 1841 40,280 22,180 13 1 . . . . ' 6 •.. ·1 28 19 19 ~ i_ _ 14 1,114 1 2 Jewish Miss. Ass'n) ……….•…………. ,I 1894 1,256,267 "''''' '"'1M " "'" ,,,,,, 2,190 9 Five Other Societies …………. ·············· ~ m I '" '.'" '.m '.'" '.'" 223 68,532 66,331 72,065 10,146 1,482 4,548 259 64,924 20 4,531 2,481 138,584 51 52 726,670 Total ……………. ······················ .

Ireland 184,570 23,950 341 5 –8' –7 ,32[ 23 :1 109 21 687 708 817 1 26 207 31 8,174 10,884 2,876 805 584 2,626 297 8,459 457 245 10,452 12 17 132,573 China (2), Hamburg (1), Damascus (I), Spain (I), India (3).

Presbyterian Church in Ireland …………….. , 1840 I51 …. I Presbyterian Church in Ireland Jewish Mission .. . 27,565 . . . . . . .. ! 4 I •••. 4I 59 2 3 200 6 543 391 Hamburg and Damascus.

Qua Iboe Mission (Q. I. M.) ……………….. 1887 19,810 15,385 I 1 13 I 4 I, 2 19 6 162 168 187 6 154 13 2,850 15,143 577 5,143 160 13,450 2 48 155 12,176 4 6 1 10,000 West Africa. Hibernian Bible Society ………………….. , 1806 12,185 244,130 , 1 I ____IPuhlishes Bibles for missionary purposes. Total ………………. ·.······ •……••••• -m 1—-z71 .. " …. I .. .. .. .. 1 •••• 1 …. 20 20 . ." I 20 39,335 —;s –5 8 7J 40 –2-5 869 896 1,024 34 361 44 11,024 10,884 18,019 1,382 584 7,769 460 22,109 9 505 406 23,171 17 23 142,964 =====: ===== ==== ======- ====== ====== ===== ======= Wales . 1 • 1 I …… 2 171 Welsh Calvinistic Methodist. ………………. 1840 86,023 12,900 19 3. …. . .. '1I 19 1 26 639 665 723 15 397 32,871 20,844 4,090 1,280 1,986 482 24,494 6 1,013 549 13,757 Assam, India, Brittany. 1,857 200 29,448 385 17 : 58 –i= ==i==1 West Indies "'.'" 1=== =~1~= ~i_·_·_ I~ =1==1==1= 90 128 lIO 43,000 266,478 :1:8,523 1 Jamaica Home and Foreign Miss. Society . . . . . . . . 1861 193 27,784 …. 1 90 387 .. 2,749 TOTALS FOR BRITISH SOCIETIES (1914). $12,111,446 $3,474,719 I 2,456 2,5051 2,732110,871 2,344 50,284152,628 63,274 a4,862 16,401 7,060 724,472 793,997 809,131 64,297140,174 123,218 9,710 543,494 2,498 123,931 12,011 651,624 317 373 3,662,734 TOTALS FOR 1912 ……………… , ….. . 9,889,012 $2,550,015 7,153 15,646 3,252 597,826 890,9051947,453 38,396 [ 34,4671 95,841 6,092 332,424 2,049 97,855 418 2,453 223 I 9813,20711,9461 2,496, 10,423 . 2,257 45,529)47,786 58,209 10,312 650,675 I 300 I I i I II II *Last year's statistics. UOrdained and laymen. "Including 109 school staff. §Including 120 children. iAdults and children. tHospitals and dispensaries. ttln·patients only. a Incomplete returns.

I DI

THE REVIEW AND THE BOARDS As a link connecting the Mission SOME five years ago the Foreign Boards represented in the Conference Missions· Conference of North with the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE America appointed a Committee to con- WORLD, it would seem very desirable sider the advisability of establishing a that some Committee should be con- new interdenominational mlsslOnary tinued. This Committee acting as an magazine. After considering all sides intermediary would serve the Magazine of the question this committee, of which in keeping the channels of information ~ev. Stanley White, D.D., is Chairman, open, and could serve the Boards in recommended to the Conference in 1914 conveying to the Magazine any sugges- that they be continued in order that tions which they might make. It would they might "cooperate, as far as seems also bring the Magazine before" the practical and best, in the plans and de- Annual Conference, and, in "a sense,"

velopment of the MISSIONARY REVIEW "enable it to act as the organ of the OF THE WORLD." This action recog- Conference. Therefore, your com- nized the service that the REVIEW has mittee would offer the following reso- rendered and is rendering to the mis- lutions to be sent to the Business Com- sionary cause and exprest a readiness mittee for consideration: to cooperate in a brotherly. way without (1) That the Committee as now organized obligation to either party. An Editorial be discontinued.

Council had already been selected by (2) That a Committee of five be appointed, the REvlEW, composed of representa- as far as possible from those who tives of various Home and Foreign could be accessible to the office of Boards and Interdenominational socie- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE ties. This council has met quarterly WORLD, whose duty it should be to and has tendered efficient service-as serve as a medium of communication improvements in the REVIEW indicate. between THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF The Missionary Magazine Committee THE WORLD and the Boards. That the members of this Committee should be has also made valuable suggestions, and members of the Editorial Council of has brought the REVIEW into closer THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE touch with the work of the various WORLD. Boards and the constituencies that they represent. (3) That this Committee should also, as Now a further step toward coopera- far as occasion may arise, represent" tion has been taken. The Mllgazine Committee of the Foreign Missions the Conference in any further devel- Boards presented their report at the recent annual Conference in Garden opments for more effective magazine literature. – (4) That the Conference express its ap- preciation of the service which THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD City and, after reviewing the work of has rendered and is rendering to -the the past year, offered the following missionary cause.

. resolutions.; which were most heartily The Committee has been duly ap- . adopted by a rising vote. pointed to consist of Dr. Stanley

White, of the Presbyterian Board a spiritual power to advance the cause of Foreign Missions, Dr. ·F. P. Haggard, of Christ. They serve without re- of the American Baptist Foreign Mission muneration, but not without sacrifice. Society, Dr. Hugh L. Burleson, of the We covet also the prayers of each of Domestic and Foreign Missionary So- our wide circle of readers. What ciety of the Protestant Episcopal might not the REVIEW accomplish if, Church, and Dr. George Heber Jones, in addition to its present assets, there Editorial Secretary of the Methodist were an endowment to set it free from Episcopal Board. These friends have financial limitations. been cordially welcomed as members of the Editorial Council of the REVIEW. BRITISH MISSIONARY STATISTICS Another step toward efficient co- T HERE is unusual interest in the sta- operation was taken when the Home tistics of the Protestant Missionary Missions Council, at its annual meet- Societies of the British Isles published in ing, January 13th, invited the editor to the accompanying table, prepared by Rev. address the conference and as a result S. B. Rohold of Toronto, with the cooper- appointed a subcommittee of the com- ation of the British secretaries. Th~se mittee on promotion to represent them statistics give the figures for 63 English with the REVIEW. Those named are societies, 12 Scotch organizations, 4 Mr. ]. Ernest McAfee, of the Presby- Irish, I Welsh, and I West Indian. They terian Board of Home Missions, Mr. show a total home income of $12,lil,- W. T. Demarest, of the Reformed 456. This, as compared with $9,889,000 Church in America, and Rev. H. F. reported for the year 1912, and $10,200,- Swartz, of the Congregational Home 000 reported by the Missionary Press Bu- Missionary Society. These have also reau of Great Britain for 1913. In 1904- , been invited to join the Editorial Coun- ten years ago-there was reported a home cil of the REVIEW, in order that they income of only $7,625,000. There has may help to keep before our readers the apparently been a steady increase in the needs and progress of the work in British gifts. North America. The total number of British mission- The editorial policy and basic prin- aries supported last year was 10,871, an ciples of the REVIEW remain unchanged, increase of 450 over two years ago, and but it is our hope that we may more 3,000 more than in 1904. ,The native adequately than ever present the needs workers have also increased in two years of the world for salvation through by about 5,000, and are 1,500 more than ] esus Christ our Lord, and the pro- ten years ago. This shows a healthy gress of His Gospel and Kingdom in growth to the work, and, as with the all lands. The World is our field- Continental societies, calls attention to God's field; all lands and peoples that some of the great problems introduced know not Christ claim our prayers, by the present war. The work of 100,- onr efforts and our sacrifices; the work 000 Christian workers receives a setback. of all agencies presenting Christ as Who can estimate the loss to the King- the divine Savior and Lord finds in dom of God by the recall or non~support the REVIEW a friend and advocate. of this large band of workers? There are reported 724,000 communicants con- The Editorial Council, which meets nected with the British mission fie1ds- next on March 4th, is now composed an increase of about 125,000 over two of. twenty leading men and women re- years ago, and more than 300,000 ov~r presenting United States, Canada and the number reported in 1904. The adults Great Britain. They are a praying added last year on confession of faith company, who seek to make the REVIEW

I9I SJ

numbered 64,297, nearly double those re- factorily established. Certain it is that ceived two years ago. God alone is capable of judging all the claims. Every Christian sorrows be- The largest of all the British mission cause of the hatred engendered and the societies is, of course, the Church Mis- suffering entailed; all interested in the sionary Society, which has an income of progress of the Kingdom of God see the two and a half million dollars, and a great damage done and the hindrances communicant membership of 121,000 thrown in the way of missionary work. (one-sixth of the total reported by Brit- All pray that the cause of God and huish societies). The Society for the Pro- manity may speedily triumph, as they pagation of the Gospel has an income of must ultimately prevail. one million dollars and a native member~ ship of nearly 89,000. The Wesleyan Exception has been taken by some Methodist Society stands next, with a Christian friends to the articles on the home income of $847,000, and a commu- war and its effect on German and British nicant membership of 133,000. The pe- missions. Each side seems to claim that culiar feature of this society is that they the other should not be given a hearing. report an income from the field of $1,- Irrespective of the justice of the respec- 202,000, which is larger by one third tive causes, it is only fair to allow .the than their income at home. Two years other side to state his case. Germans ago they reported a little over $1,000,000 have contended that they had no such from the field. The London Missionary opportunity in America and England. At Society has a home income of $1,132,000, our request both a German and a British and a communicant membership of 80,000 writer, of whose desire to manifest a Christians. Christian spirit there can be no doubt, were asked to write freely their view of It is sad to note the large number of the war and its relation to missionary these mission fields which are now dis- work of his own country. These papers turbed by the world war. In addition to were printed without comment and withthe inconvenience and suffering caused out either criticism or endorsement; they by the financial stringency and the in- speak for themselves. "The fire will try ability of missionaries to return to the every man's-and every nation's-wor-k, field or to take their needed furloughs, of what sort it is." Also each one shall there is a state of warfare in many of "stand before the judgment seat of the fieldS' such as Africa, Angola, Kongo, Christ." the Kamerun country, South Africa, German East Africa, British Central Af- A SUFFICIENT SAVIOR rica, and all of the Turkish possessions. The British missionaries have been re- ONE of the questions raised by the called from Falestine, and those who re- war between nominally Christian main are hampered in their work in Asia nations is: Has Christianity proved in- Minor, Constantinople, Arabia, and Per- sufficient to meet the needs and .test of sia. .such a crisis? Intelligent Christians and even many educated non-Christians know In our April number we plan to pub- that it is not Christianity that has failed, lish a table of the American missionary but men have failed to follow Christ's statistics, gathered by the Home Base ideals and teachings. Still, some who are Committee of the Foreign Missions Con- earnest enquirers after truth are perference. plexed or disgusted or dismayed, while others, who are weak in the faith,ques- BRITISH AND GERMAN CLAIMS tion the power of the Gospel to tnns- form mankind. A Japanese Christian in THE truth about the charges and Korea recently said to the Rev. Frederick . counter-charges that have arisen out of the present war may never be satis-

S. Curtis ;s'Surely a greater Savior than less, when men and women have be- Christ must yet be born into the world, come careless and selfish, and material- one who can not only teach peace and istic, the shock of war and the suffer- truth and love, but who can prevent such ing involved may act like a chastening an outrageous war as that which is now rod. Already the war has sobered men devastating Europe." in America and Europe, and the final What reply shall we give? Can it be result of the conflict may be a sanctified true that Christianity is doomed to fail Church and a purified State. Sir Wil- _ of the realization of Christ's ideals even liam Robertson Nicoll stated what, in among those who profess to believe in his opinion, are some of the uses of them? The answer given by Mr. Curtis war, in a recent address at a meeting solves the riddle. "Christ and the sal- for intercession; vation offered by Him i.r sufficient for all (I) War develops the spirit of sacri- who will accept and follow Him, but it is fice. It emphasizes the things that true that a greater day is yet to dawn, count and indicates how easy it is to not in the coming of another Savior, but forget common mercies.

in the return of Jesus Christ Himself to (2) War teaches the nobility of reign in greater power and glory. Then courage, a virtue which the ancients His Kingdom will truly come and will considered to be the root of all other extend throughout t)1e whole earth. Then virtues.

all mankind will crown Him Lord of All. (3) War inculcates the power and "Every knee shall bow . . . and every comfort of prayer; many soldiers in the , tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord army realizing this for the first time.

to the glory of God the Father." (Philip- (4) War inspires the hope that soon pians 2 ;10, II, and 3 :20, 2I.) all war will end. There must always be "THE MAILED HAND AND THE conflicts until despotism is dethroned; it is, therefore, essential to look for- I NAILED HAND" ward to that time when God will usher N which power do you most pro- in permanent peace through Jesus Christ. foundly believe-physical force or sacrificial service? ' Which is your idea ACCEPTABLE SERVICE of a "Holy War"-that of the Moslem Present your bodies a living sacrifice, armies or the Christian missionary? Is holy, acceptable unto God, which is your ideal the mighty monarcli of the your reasonable service.-Rom. 12. I. mailed fist or the Christ pouring out Among the hundred words which His life blood for mankind on Calvary? stand most' prominent in the Bible this Is your program of sacrifice one repre- word, Service, is very conspicuous, and sented by that of others, or your own more so is the conception it represents. living sacrifice for others? The hand Here is the ultimate end toward which mailed with steel may win battles, but all else properly tends-the true goal of it will never win the world. The salvation and sanctification. No man hand nailed to the Cross may seem to lives to himself. He is saved that he ,betoken defeat, but it is the hand of the may be sanctified-conformed to the im- Lifted-up One-who will draw all men age of God's dear Son; but even such unto Himself. conformity reaches its highest result in helping others to a like destiny, and so BLESSINGS OF WAR all culminates in glory to God. How THE curse of murder, lust and hatred plain it is that those who are content to is so manifest in war that the be saved from ruin themselves, and do benefits of such conflict seem to be nothing to rescue others, are "blind insignificant In comparison. Neverthe- and can not see afar off."-A. T. P.

WODLD-W1DE

MISSI' ADY NEWS AMERICA-NORTH and religious institutions. The two largest bequests were half a million The Statiatics of Last Year dollars each to the Teachers' College of Columbia University and the Na- THE foreign mission statistics of the tional Board of the Young Women's United States and Canada for the Christian Associations of the United calendar> year 1914 were announced at States. Other large bequests include the annual meeting of the foreign mis- $200,000 to the Young Women's Chrission conference in Garden City, Long tian Association of the City of New Island, January 14th. These statistics York; $25,000 to the State Charities were compiled under the direction of Aid Association; $25,000 to the Young Fred P. Haggard, D.D., chairman of Men's Christian Association of New the Home Base Committee of the con- York; $25,000 to the Travelers' Aid ference, and form a part of the report Society; $50,000 to the American Colof that committee to the conference on lege for Girls at Constantinople, Turthe outstanding features of the work key; $25,000 to the Northern Presbyof cultivating the home constituency on terian Board of Foreign Missions, and behalf of foreign missions. The total the same amount to the Northern income of American foreign mission Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. boards for recent years was: Trust funds of $15,000 each ultimately will go to the Working Girls' Vacation 1914 .•$17,168,611 1907 •• $ 9,548,633 Fund, Teachers' College of Columbia 1913.• 16,043,631 University, and the Presbyterian Board 1906.. 8,980,448 of Home Missions. Twenty-five thou- 1912 .• 17,317,366 1905.. 8,120,725 sand dollars were left to the World's 1911.. 12,290,005 1904. • 7,807,992 Student Christian Federation for the benefit of the women's department of 1910.• 11,908,671 1903.. 6,964,976 the organization. 1909.. 11,317,405 1902.. 6,727,903 Good Work of the Gideon. 1908.• 10,061,433 1901. • 6,228,173 T HE Gideons, the well-known aggres- Other interesting facts are revealed as sive order of Christian commercial travelers, have carried their campaign follows: $4,243,967 were contributed by for supplying hotel rooms with Bibles to a point where 160,000 rooms in high natives to the work being conducted by grade hotels have now been "Bibleized." They ,are increasing this number at American missionaries; there are 9,969 the rate of 5,000 rooms per month. In addition, many thousands of rooms have missionaries enrolled by the several been supplied through other agencies imitating the Gideons or by' proprietors organizations; 159,286 persons were who have taken the idea from them. The most extraordinary testimonies baptized during the year as compared with 121,8u the year before; 9,946 churches' are reported, a gain of 510; there are 606 colleges, theological semi- naries and training-schools and 12,969 other schools with a total attendance of 547,730. (See also page 163.) MLaree Giving for World.Betterment ISS GRACE HOADLEY DODGE, the Christian philanthropist who died recently in 'New York, left nearly a .million and a half dollars to public

come to the Gideon leaders of the good their own tale, and the conclusion is that their Bibles have accomplished. inevitable.. One man converted by this means has since been instrumental in the con- T A Tuakegee Prize WiDner version of fifty-five Italian laborers, HE first prize of $500 for the best thirty-five of whom he has brought essay on the subject, "What we into connection with the Church he Have Learned About Rum," was himself joined after becoming a Chris- awarded by Everybody's Magazine last tian.-The Continent. September to Isaac Fisher, a negro student at Tuskegee. He had some: lncreaeed Baptist Equipment 9,000 competitors. The incident is sig- nificant and encouraging from several SOUTHERN Baptists are celebrating points of view: That a popular mag·· . the Judson Centennial by raising azine should engage in this helpful $1,250,000 for foreign missions. This temperance education; that such a large money is not to be kept for endow- number of articles should have been ment, but is to be spent entirely upon contributed; that the arguments against equipment, $250,000 of it is to be used drink should be so decisive; and that a for general equipment, such as church representative of the negro race, so buildings, hospitals and missionaries' sadly afflicted with intemperance, should homes; $200,000 for publication houses have won the prize.-Congregationalisf. for the circulation of Bibles and Christian liter~ture; $800,000 for schools of Bible Station at Panama all grades, from the kindergarten to the college and theological seminary. THE American Bible Society is The $1,250,000 was apportioned to dif- making plans to have a Bible-disferent States, and the campaign began tributing station built on the Panama with enthusiasm. The sum of $800,000 Canal. Colonel Goethals has planned a had been secured in cash and pledges place for the Bible station at Balboa, by Christmas. The whole amount will at the Pacific end of the canal, and the be raised beyond doubt. This is an American Bible Society will distribule achievement worth while, especially in Bibles in 127 languages. Every sailer a year in which the chief crop of the who passes through the canal will· be South has failed of a market.-Watch- given a Bible free. man-Examiller. New Bishop of Cuba DR. Products of the Saloon SLEYSTER, of Wisconsin, who T HE first service in consecration of as the superintendent of an asylum a bishop to take place in the Cathfor the criminalIy insane has treated edral of St. John the Divine in New 1,800 patients, states in Everybody's York City occurred in January, when Magazine that from investigating the Archdeacon H. R. Hulse was made facts concerning 590 of the 1,800 men- bishop of the missionary district of tioned above he had discovered that Cuba. Bishop Guerry, of South Caro- 36.8 per cent. were the sons of drunken lina, preached the sermon, and said in fathers; 40.4 per cent. were addicted to conclusion: "Your aim should not be the use of alcohol before the age of to make the Cubans Anglo-Saxon or fifteen; 52.5 per cent. habitually drank American Christians, but to strive to to excess; 64.9 per cent. spent their build up within the people under your evenings in saloons, at cheap shows, care a type of Christianity which will or on the streets; and only 9.6 per cent. meet the needs and fulfil the aspirawere abstainers. These figures tell tions of the Cubans themselves, so that if the time should ever come when we can aid in establishing in that Island hnd throughout the great republics of

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Spanish America national and independ- sionaries and contributes $600,000 a ent churches, our Church's mission in Cuba may be but a step toward the year. Scandinavia has 700 missionrealization of that larger Federation of aries, the amount contributed is not the churches of Latin America which known. All the Continental societies under the Providence of God may in combined maintain about 2,500 missiontime become an accomplished fact."- aries and spend about $4,000,000 a year The Churchman. for their support. It will be easy to see what serious hardships the labor- I Reform. Needed in Haiti ers will be likely to be called upon to N Haiti prisoners are not fed, and endure as the war continues. are entirely dependent on the generosity of their friends while they are in M A Host Readinc the Bible jail. Women and children from the ORE than 10,000 soldiers on Saliscountry bring food to their husbands bury Plain alone have joilled the. and fathers who are thus confined. Pocket Testament League, agreeing to This is the case with all classes of carry a Testament with them and read prisoners in Haiti. If.a prisoner has a chapter daily. This is the outward no friends, he is, indeed, in a sad plight. and visible sign of what seems to be Sometimes he goes begging in charge a genuine revival, which is the outof the jailer. come of a short mission led by Mr. Charles M. Alexander. The rush to Under some or the more progressive join the League and obtain the handpresidents, the practise of the cruel some little khaki-bound Testaments has rites connected with the voodoo wor- been extraordinary. The behavior of ship has been forbidden and supprest, the troops in many of the tents has altho there is no doubt that they con- completely ch:j,nged. "When I came tinue to be practised in secret in the here, the tent was a hell upon earth," mountain recesses. Now, however, says one soldier. "Language was so there seems to be absolutely no re- dreadful and behavior so wretched straint in the practise of these de- that we could not get to sleep. When grading ceremonies; in fact, under one some of them came in we got up out or two of the recent presidents they of their way. Everyone has joined have been carried on in the palace itself. the Pocket Testament League, and now there are hymns and Bible readings." EUROPE Help Offered to English Societies The Effect on Minion. THE Episcopal Board of' Missions THE maintaining of their church has called the denomination to work at home is likely to be a larger service in the interest of worlddifficult matter among Christians in the wide missions during the war, and has nations at war. Still more will it ca1l especially suggested that some of the for self-sacrificing liberality to sustain missionary obligations of the English the mission work abroad. We read that Church societies for next year should Great Britain has 10,000 missionaries on be assumed. Certain dioceses haverethe foreign field and contributes $10,- sponded promptly to the' suggestion, 000,000 a year for their support. Ger- but the English societies have not as many has 1,200 missionaries and con- yet found any need for accepting the tributes about $2,600,000 a year. France proferred aid. has 120 missionaries and contributes about $150,000 a year. Holland has English churchmen are responsible, 130 missionaries and contributes $216,- through several missionary societies, 000 a year. Swit1:erland has 450 mis- for the administration of eleven ~s-

sionary dioceses in India, five in Japan, ror the battlefield equipped with Testa- seven in China, three others in Asia, ments and religious tracts. Further- twenty-two in Africa, twenty-three in more, the entire French popUlation Australia, seven in New Zealand and seems to be. feeling the need of a re- Melanesia, two in the Pacific ocean, vival in religion. Only recentI'y a ten in the Vest Indies and Central and South America, and in addition, French editor, heretofore an atheist 01 for the Jerusalem and Egyptian bishop- ri<;s with their work, and some con- the first rank, sent out a plea to his siderable aid to portions of the work people urging them to seek God. in Canada. The Canadian Church also maintains one diocese each in China Refugee Students in Europe and Japan. Some few of the dioceses in Australia and South Africa are T HE war has thrust upon the Chris- self-supporting and some aid to the tian Student movements in several adjacent missionary work is given by European countries grave problems and both of these; but the immediate re- great opportunities in the presence of sponsibilities of English churchmen in- large bodies of refugee students. In volve a budget of several million the London colleges alone there are at dollars annually.-Living Church. least two hundred Continental students, Belgians, Russians, and Russian and Spiritual Result. of the War Polish Jews, who had been studying in the Belgian universities. They are DDRING these dark days in Europe, lonely and very poor, and the British men's hearts are turning to God Student Movement is seeking funds, as never before. Dr. E. S. Count, and a man to work among them. Many superintendent of the Methodist mis- Dutch speaking and other Belgian stu- sion in Bulgaria, for example, writes: dents are in Holland this year, and the Dutch government has generously ar- "In times of peace and prosperity ranged for them to be quartered in one the people had but little regard for place, so that they may carryon their spiritual things. But trouble has caused studies under their own professors. them to feel more dependent upon the Almighty. Our Methodist congrega- Hundreds of foreign students from tions have been larger than ever before Eastern Europe have been in Switzer- in the history of the mission. Never land since the beginning of the war, has there been such success in our cut off from home and friends. The Bulgaria work as there is at this very World's Student Christian Federation, in hour. Revival services are being held conjunction with the University authori- in practically all the churches, and some ties, have been supplying these students of the very finest types of conversion in the Swiss cities with cheap meals. are taking place." Similar work is' being undertaken in Paris by the French Women's Students' In nearly all the messages which come Christian Association. In all these to Baptist headquarters here from countries the workers report that the France, in spite of the pictures of foreign students have never been so suffering, there is a note of faith and open to religious impression as they are fine optimism. The majority of the at this time. Baptist laymen, as well as the pastors, are in the army, but the religious meet- French Protestant Minion Work ings are well attended, both Protestant and Catholic giving eager heed to the MORE than eighty years ago, the . message. The soldiers are attending in Protestant churches of France, good numbers and many are leaving awakening from a period of spiritual lethargy, felt called upon to take some share in the evangelization of the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

heathen world. The outcome was the the books for fear that they would formation of the Paris Missionary So- steal them I Nominally Romanists, ciety, which commenced work in 1833, these students openly declare themby s'ending out three missionaries to selves atheists. The most Catholic of Basutoland. The society now supports nations has produced the most irremissions in the French colonies (Sene- ligious and godless students of Europe gal, Tahiti, Kongo, Madagascar, Mare In this atmosphere of unbelief and low and New Caledonia) and in British moral ideals the Y. M. C. A. has South Africa (Basutoland and Barotsi- started a Student Association. It has land). Basutoland has now a popu- less than fifty members, but these arc, lation of about 450,000 natives, of Mr. Babcock says, "as attractive a whom about I I per cent. are profes- body of young men as I have ever sing Christians, their spiritual' needs met. Most of them are Protestants." being ministered to largely by the Paris Society, the church-members MOSLEM LANDS numbering over 21,000. Conspicuotts success has attended the work of the A Wealthy Armenian Evangelist missionaries, and a strong native church, which already has a large BARON TARAYANTZ, a Baku measure of self-government, is being Armenian business man of wealth, built up. The native pastors number is giving his whole time to the work more than the European missionaries, of evangelization and is meeting with the figures being respectively nineteen great success among Russians and' and sixteen, and these are aided by a Armenians. Last year he held a rebody of 222 native evangelists and 473 markable three-weeks' series of meetnative teachers. The work done by ings in Teheran, Persia. "The effect the native helpers is largely self-sup- of his mission," says a reporter, "was porting, the church-members contribu- truly wonderful, and brought to light ting ever £4,000 annually, while the the deep stratum of age-old Chris:" educational work is almost entirely tianity in the Armenian heart, even supported by Government grants. the most callous and most worldly. When one considers that perhaps the The Case of Spanish Students bulk of these nominal Christians' had never before in their lives heard the MR. G. ]. BABCOCK, writing in the Scriptures preached, one is profoundly Student Warld on Spanish stu- grateful for the impression made' on dent life, describes the standards of the hearts of so many." honesty as painfully low in university circles. The professors owe their po- A Miuionaries and Mullah. sitions largely to political inflence, and MOSLEM friend told a Church take their work with so little serious- Missionary Society miSsionary in nes:; as to be almost invariably from Mesopotamia a very interesting story' fifteen to forty minutes late at classes. the other day. It was that 'his brother No rolls are kept. All students pass had been visiting Nejef-an old city the examinations, as it would injure a of Shiah Moslems, not very far from professor's reputation if they did not. Baghdad, from which a number of When attending a course of lectures patients come to the Church Missionat Madrid, Mr. Babcock asked what ary Society Hospital-and was one day use was made 'of the departmental conversing with some of the mullahs library, where he observed students about the English miSSIOnaries in w'ere never seen. The answer came Baghdad. The mullahs admitted that that students did not have access to they were undoubtedly" very good folk, who served mankind by good works in

the hospital and taught the people about the soldiers and hastened to head- God, while the mullahs themselves quarters, altho it was the busy s.eason were sinners, and did not serve man- of the .year and the animals were kind by good works. Nevertheless, in needed for the life of' the people, to the Day of Judgment, God would take complete the threshing of the grain the good works of the missionaries and its transportation to market."

and put them to· the credit of the ! From Mardin the report comes: Moslem mullahs, and He would take "Everything is in confusion, trade is the sins of the mullahs and put them utterly paralyzed, travel is impossible, upon the Christian missionaries. transportation is stopt, schools are Germany Converted to Islam? stript of their teachers, money has ceased to circulate, drafts can not be SOME curious details of the methods cashed, grain remains unthreshed and employed by Germans to impress unwinnowed for lack of animals and the Turkish army and win over public men to do the work; the labor market opinion in Syria are supplied by a mis- is closed, and hunger in the midst of sionary of the Evangelical and Medical plenty is already looking in at the Mission to Israel, and quoted in the door of thousands of homes whence newspapers. two, three, four and in so~e cases five To celebrate an alleged victory over of the bread-winners have been sum- the Russians in Transcaucasia a Turko- moned to the ranks. Our help is in German fete was recently organized at the Lord and in America."

Haifa, one of the principal features INDIA being a great possession in honor of Mohammed and the German Emperor. India and the Gospel For the benefit of the Arabs, some T HE religious situation was forcibly of whom appear to have accepted the described in The Call, issued in story readily enough, it has been dis- connection with the recent Day of covered that the Kaiser is a lineal Prayer for India. It was shown that, descendant of the Prophet's sister and while the deeper movements among the that he has undertaken to go on a educated classes and the student compilgrimage to Mecca when the war is munity give encouragement, vast multiover. That the German nation as a tudes of the people are little affected, whole has been converted to Islam is if at all, by the ·new forces at work, generally believed by the less educated and remain sunken in indifference, members of the native community. worldliness and superstition. The Call proceeded: L Mobilization in Turkey "The present crisis has led to a wise ETTERS from missionaries in and searching examination into mis- Turkey give graphic accounts of sionary' method and organization.

the hardships incident to mobilization. Changes are imminent, retrenchments One writes: "Not even in the great imperative. It may be that thus the war with Russia a generation ago Indian Church is to come more rapidly were so many men called to the colors than anticipated into her own posses- as are now drawn away from all pro- sion of authority, and her own work ductive occupations to camps in the of self-propagation. There is need that variolls localities. All men, Christians the ability and devotion of her mem- as well as Moslems, from' the ages of bers may be given more fully to India's 24 to 45 were called for at once, regeneration, and the number of her Wherever any horses or mules or voluntary workers largely increased."

camels were seen they were seized by In such circumstances the people of

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Bod have a continuing reason for Still, a Christian map of India to-day prayer in regard to India. would be a bewildering, piebald thing, showing much cross-coloring. In re- An Outcast, One of God's Noblemen cent years, however, there has grown up, especially in South India, a strong PRESIDENT JANVIER, of Ewing movement in the direction of ,closer College, Allahabad, writes of his approach and a better common undermeeting with Labbu Mal, who some standing. The Indian Christians themfifteen years ago was not only an selves have shown special and inignorant idolater, but an outcast, who creasing zeal in this matter, with the was brought to Christ in the United result that, after careful and unhurried Presbyterian mission in the Panjab, deliberations, several denominations and has been a mighty power in Sial- have come together, and now form kot in recent years. the South India United Church. A common confession of faith has been "Three things especially imprest me. adopted, and a fairly comprehensive There was nothing cringing or ob- and elastic Church organization has sequious in his bearing. He was cour- been agreed upon~" teous and deferential, but wholly selfpossest and manly. There was a fine A Ruler of Promise dignity about him, which showed that the spirit of Christ had made him free THE Maharaja Holkar of Indore not only from the law of sin and bids fair to become a ruler of death, but from that of hereditary ser- whom India may well be proud. He is vility and degradation. He imprest me twenty-four years of age, having atas one of God's noblemen. Then the tained to full sovereignty in his State language he used was not that of the three years ago. At the end of his first average preacher, but that of a thinker year Lord Hardinge visited the State, who had thought God's thoughts, and and on the occasion of a banquet in who was full of God's word. his honor the young ruler made a speech in which he said: "Ii is no" And once again I was imprest by the twelve months since I was investeu way that he went straight to the one with ruling powers; during this time I message which meets the need of sin- have devoted myself to getting a grasp ful men everywhere-the message of of the details of administration, and the cross of the Lord Jesus. I felt .have only been able to make a beginthat if the U. P. Church had never ning with a few important reforms, accomplished anything else in. India which, God willing, should produce than to find and call and equip Labbu beneficent results in time." The regu- Mal, the work would have been worth lation of the age of marriage for girls, while."-Tlw Continent. education, and the opening of public libraries in all the important centers; Agitation for Church Union the improvement of the capital of the State with a view to the prevention of A DEVELOPMENT full of import- plague, and also looking to increasing ance and well worth watching is the beauty and comfort of the city; taking place in India. The matter is the foundations of municipal governwell put for us as follows: "Christian ment under the guidance of British work in India was started, of course, officers, and experiments in the introin different sections of the country by duction of silk culture; these are the representatives of different Christian reforms desired by the Maharaja. The bodies. It was the only way at first, young ruler has fitted himself by study tho it has had to be progressively modified through the years by the good sense and good will of all concerned.

and travel for his difficult post-difficult SIAM if successfully filled.-Indian Witness. Bible Circulation in Siam Giving Two Thousand a Chance EV. ROBERT IRWIN writes from REV. C. H. BANDY writes from Fateh- R Bangkok: "The work of this garh: "We had a boarding-school agency during 1913 was carried on with such vigor and energy that all previous for Christian boys and one for Chris- records of distribution were greatly tian girls, and in nearly all the large exceeded. The net circulation for the centers we had a day school for Chris- year was 135,206 volumes, which makes tian children, but, in spite of all this, an actual increase of 36,650. The total there were yet 2,000 boys and girls of circulation since the establishment of school age who were not getting their the agency in 1890 amounts to 1,021,- chance. That is to say, there were 889. Mr. Irwin was assisted by thirty- 2,000 healthy, wide-awake Christia~ two persons in the work of distribuboys and girls living in small, out-of- tion, and the records show that 10,400 the-way villages, who, unless greater days were spent in the work, 700 vileffort were made to reach them, would lages were visited, and the distance never learn to read and write. This traveled was 20,000 miles. Mr. Irwin condition of things had grown up himself traveled 3,271 miles by steamer, around us so gradually, that we had railway, canoe, motor car, buggy, bulfailed to be imprest by it as we should, lock-cart, and horseback. Mrs. Irwin, till we returned from America last who has the distinction of being the fall. As a first step we set before our- only lady physician in Siam, accoms'eNes the task of creating within one panied her husband on a tour' of three year 500 readers o{ the New Testa- months, to the north, during which she ment. We began what we caIl the spent 31 days in the saddle, covered a "contract" system. Suffice it to say distance of 1,147 miles, and aided him that it is teaching boys and girls to greatly. by her medical work and general read by the job. We pay the teacher assistance. Her travel was without no salary, but pay for results. Four cost to the society. Most of the Scripannas, or eight cents, for teaching the tures circulated during the year were letters to the pupil. One anna, or two in the Siamese and Laos langJIages, cents, for teaching each lesson to the but many copies of God's Word were twentieth, and three pice, or one cent distributed in fifteen or twenty other and a half for each subsequent lesson languages." to the end of the book. At these rates, it costs $I.75 to take a boy. or girl Donation from Leper. from the raw, on to where they can read the Bible and hymn book for ONE of the most encouraging inthemselves. The scheme has worked stances of the year was a gift of wonderfully well. At this date, we have 172 boys and girls, none of whom the lepers at Chiengmai to the work of knew their letters in December, and the American Bible Society. Early in who now are reading the New Testa- the year they contributed 3,300 portions men1, and passing examination on what of the Scriptures for general distrithey have read each month. Besides bution, and later SeiJ.t two cash contrithese, we have an equal number who butions, amounting to over twenty-five are at the point of graduating' into rupees as their Christmas gift to the the New Testament. We examine these Society. The names of these wonderpupils each month ourselves. The ful Christians'-the lepers of Chiengmai motor car has made that possible. -should be written on the roll of princely givers, for their gifts repre- sent real sacrifice, and are striking

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evidence of their gratitude for the had made. Bordering the' sides' of the benefits of the Gospel of Christ. Their front were 3I silver stars overlaid own letter, dated February 9th, reads with gold. Engraved in Chinese charas follows: "We, the elders and mem- acters each one bore the name of one bers of the leper church of Chiengmai, of the 3I churches of this field, which disciples of the Lord Jesus, with one this veteran toiler had brought into mind and heart, have great gladriesS' in being and nourished into strength. sending our small offering to the American Bible Society. And we beg that Wanted: A Thousand Chineae T eachera . qUI' .gift of twenty-five rupees ($8.09) may be graciously received by you and To show what an opportunity there used for the distribution of the Holy is for educated Christian Chinese, Scriptures. To have a share in this Prof. Paul Monroe, of Columbia Unigood work will give us. very great versity Teachers College, said on rehappiness. (Signed) Elders Peang, turning from his visit to China that in Toon, Gnok." one province the Chinese Commissioner of Education exprest his willingness to CHINA employ a thousand Christian Chinese as teachers if he could only find them. A Sack Full of Idol. Our mission schools ought to be fur- nishing them. – But where are our MRS. McCLINTOCK, writes from schools that can do it? Nodoa: "Pastor Tang baptized over 50 adults this summer. Our new Two Candidate. for the Church chapel in' the Mandarin district proves fair to be a success. One of our col- MISS DELIA LEAVENS, of Tungporteurs came into the compound with chou, China, writes in a recent an old gunning sack full of idols. He letter: "Changes are coming, however, had not' only the idolS', but the bowls far more quickly than we dare to hope. which had held the ashes of their an- Only yesterday I was helping the Bible cestors, also, the shell with which the women examine. two candidates for adpriest had called the spirits, and some mission to the church. One was a of the false money which the heathen middle aged woman, who little more offer. to their ancestors and idols. The than a year ago was burning incense. Chinese worship deities whom they can to the kitchen god, but who has been deceive. No wonder they themselves much influenced by the teaching she deceive each other,and are deceived, has received,· and is trying her best to and ·live in an atmosphere of deceit all live a better life. One of the things the time. Another c6lporteur was walk- they said of her was that she has ing around our mission grounds with cleaned' up both herself and her house a lot of men following· him, and told to quite a marked degree since hearing me very eagerly that these were people the doctrine,. and that" she has ceased from the district where our chapel is." to use bad language to her neighbors. She is doing what she can, but she is DR.Fittin. Honor. to a Mi..ionary a lifetime behind the other candi~ate, J. E. WALKER, a missionar~ of not half her age. This was one of our the American Board, has recently school girls', who shows the effects of seven years of study. Not so very returned to the United States for a much education, it is true, and neither furlough, after a service of 42 years, culture nor edu~ation back of her,· yet mostly in the city of Shaowu. As he she seemed to me miles ahead of the was leaving, a pastor of one of the older woman, and I realized, as I have station-churches made him a present of not before, what our girls' schools will a white satin vest, which he himself mean to the next generation."

JAPAN-KOREA In the HOkkaidothe evangelistic meet- ings arranged for the autumn were put "TA Christian Message from America off, "on account of the war and other AKING stock" of the results of kindred reasons," but the Rev. W. P. missionary effort in Japan, the Buncombe, of Tokyo, writes: Rev. J. Waller (of the Missionary So- "It was thought at first that the out- break of war, in which Japan also was ciety of the Canadian Church), of involved, would have put a stop to the Nagano, in the diocese of Mid-Japan. plans of the three years' evangelistic writes: "Japan has become rapidly campaign, but, thank God, that has not Christian at heart, tho not yet in name. been the case, and the plans are being It is true that some other influences carried out with even more earnestthan that of the missionary have con- ness owing to the seriousness of tributed to the advance in Japan. the times. In Tokyo the great cam- Foreign literature and intercourse have paign itself is bdng planned for the in some degree assisted. But some, in spring of next year, but special work America and Europe, lay far too much as a commence~ent and preparation stress on the Christian and civilizing has been arranged for this autumn and effect of these non-missionary agencies. is now being carried out. The plan was Indeed, Japan would almost certainly prepared by a committee and presented have been far more Christian to-day at a large gathering of the pastors and had she known foreign lands onlv members of the church committees. through the missionary. For each Estimating that there were one hundred Christian book that the Japanese people, churches' and mission halls in this great as a whole, read, they take in at least city, they proposed that special evanten anti-Christian ones. Almost all gelistic meetings should be held in each foreign sailors, merchants, and travelers place for two nights, Saturday and who go to Japan are regarded by the Sunday, which sho1.!ld be well prepared Japanese as Christians, but many of for, and carefully followed up afterthem show little trace of Christ's spirit ward. It was decided to reach the and teaching, and are a stumbling-block whole city thus in the three autumn to the Japanese who studies Chris- months, by taking eight of the churches tianity. The Japanese who has dished in turn on the Saturdays and Sunldays, up to him every morning. the American so that every church and mission hall and European record of crime and dis- would have its turn within the thirteen honesty is apt to look askance at the weeks. The object to be kept in view Christian messenger who asks him to in these meetings was that of enadopt the religion which is supposed to deavoring to bring as many as possible reach its climax in places which his to a definite decision." newspaper portrays. as morally much worse than, Japan. So if the entire What Japanese Think of the War moral advance has not been, under God, due to the missionary, he may pROFESSOR W. E. HOFFSOMfairly claim to have been the instru- MER writes to the. Christian lntelment which has brought about the greater part of the advance." ligencer; "So far, as I have been able to see the effects of the war among Evangelistic Campaign in Progress the Christians ip Japan, there is noth- ing to worry about. They are an re- A UNITED three years' evangelistic adjusting their ideas of just what is Christianity and what are the ideas of enterprise was inaugurated in Japan Christ in regard to the questions that last spring, and prayer-meetings were held in various parts of the country.

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are burning issues to-day. And they established as there is need. The na- are judging, too, more closely, the mes- tives are being taught new trades.'

sengers of this religion. Tho~e of Lectures on agriculture, stock breeding, them who have caught the spirit of sericulture, fishing, mmmg and the Christianity and applied it to their per- trades are being given.

sonal lives are shaken only, and not Voluntary Korean Colporteur. upset. But it seems to me that the T question is a diffel ent one when we HE Presbyterian missionaries in Andong district, Korea, have tried come to speak of the non-Christian.

He looks at the living epistles, and for to impress upon the church-members the man in Japan who does not dis- that it is their business, and not that tinguish between different forms of of paid colporteurs only, to sell por- Christianity, it is a difficult problem to tions of the Scripture to unbelievers.

solve how these teachings of the Chris- Last year the six paid colporteurs sold tian religion and some of the practises some 7,000 portions, while the other agree." church-members sold 10,000. A novel Japan'. Work in Korea plan for stimulating effort was also tried in this district. Three banners THE Governor-General of Korea has were maXIe for each helper's circuit issued an elaborate illustrated (from three t6 twelve churches), one official report on progress and reform going to the church doing the most in this new Japanese province in 1912- preaching per capita, another to the 13. The report is in English. !twas church selling the most Gospels per compiled under the date of December, .capita, and the third to the church 1914, at Keijo, as Seoul is now known. gaining the most new believers per Its maps are many in number, and the capita. All might go to one church, or illustrations' in photogravure are a re- all might go to different churches. The markable feature of it. Korea was banners are held for one year, and then taken over by the Japanese for colo- will be iost if the church does not nization and political purposes. It is also for this year do the best in its already the receiving ground for circuit. Two churches sold over 2,000 throngs of Japanese. It is evident Gospels each, one church preached to from the report that the government- over 30,000 people, and another doubled general is paternal. That much is its' membership.-Assembly Herald. being done is manifest. The Koreans as a race are backward. The Japanese AFRICA are aggressive, and this quality is pic- tured in the administration of Korea. Egypt No Longer Turki.h T Judging from the comparative statistics HE Crescent comes down, the Cross is lifted. That is, Great Britain and photographs, railroads are being built where there were only trails, has established a protectorate over schools have been erected, police intro- Egypt, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Arthur duced and law enforced. A point is Henry McMahon has been appointed distinctly made that the government- His Majesty's High Commissioner, and general desires to be just to the Kor- Prince Hussein Kemal has been made eans. Old usages are followed in ad- Sultan. This is thought to be the first ministering justice. The temples of act in the dismemberment of the Turk- the Koreans are preserved and the ish Empire. For many years Turkey sacred compounds protected. Some 400 has been nominal sovereign in Egypt public schools are now subsidized by but Great Britain has been virtual the government. Hospitals. have been master. .When Turkey foolishly at-

tempted to incite its population to par- evangelical church. There is, further, ticipate in the present war, raising the a idistinct movement of reformation in appeal for another "Holy War," Great the ancient church of Egypt-an ad- Britain met the challenge by lowering vancing use of the Arabic colloquial in the Crescent at Cairo and lifting the place of the unintelligible Coptic, an Union Jack. And now let us hope, in increasing use of the Scriptures in the spite of the fact that the flag of Great services, more preaching and Bible ex- Britain is floating to the breeze where position, growth of schools for girls, men are engaged in a most unchris- and other work for women. The detian war, that the Cross will be magni- velopment of Sunday-schools in the fied for all the future in the land of Coptic churches is proposed as the the Pharaohs. The territory included most promising way of transforming it in the protectorate is about 6,000 square in an evangelical sense. There could miles and the population coming com- hardly be a more certain guaranty of" pletely under British dominion is about a Reformed Church of Egypt than a 6,000,000. widespread movement of this kind.

A Refonn in the ~optic Church A New Bible Tranalation BOUT six per cent. of the popu- lation of Egypt. or some 670,000 THE British and Foreign Bible Sopersons, we are told, belong to the ciety is publishing a tentative ver- Coptic Church. They constitute a distinct community, with their own schools, sion of St. Mark's Gospel in a new cemeteries and civil laws. While only African language: a form of Somali four per cent. of the Moslem popu- which is current in Italian Somaliland lation can read and write, more than and further south across the frontier ten per cent. of the Copts can do so. of British East Africa. St. Mark's The Copts in the cities are clever Gospel, which the Society is now mer-chants and the number of extremely printing, has recently been translated wealthy Coptic families has consider- into Somali by the Rev. P. Olsson, ably increased. The Egyptian Protes- who is a member of the Swedish Evantants are largely persons who have gelical National Society's mission at abandoned the Church of the Copts, Yonti, near Kismayu in British East but there is no such chasm between Africa. He has been helped in his Protestantism and Romanism. Protes- version by Somali natives, including tants feel a sense of historical relation- one named Daher bin Abdi, who has ship to the ancient church, desire its been educated in Sweden and in Engreformation, contribute" to its schools land. The translator informs us that and church construction, attend its con- the number of Somalis in British East gresses. American missionaries are in- Africa was estimated a few years ago vited repeatedly to speak in Coptic to be 20,000; but along the banks of churches. This has gone so far that the J uba River there are living about the solemn ritualistic services on Good 20,000 Bantu negroes'-former slaves, or Friday have been suspended, and Mr. the children of slaves, of the Somalis, Reed, a Presbyterian clergyman, in- and these also speak Somali. The bulk vited in to give an exposition of the of the Somalis are, however, found Scriptures. Great numbers of Coptic across the river in Italian territory. It laymen and school-teachers and some is believed that the Ogaden-Harti "dta- Coptic priests have been educated in lect in which St. Mark's Gospel his American Presbyterian schools and been prepared will be intelligible to cherish the friendliest feelings for the the greater part of the tribesmen in Somaliland.

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Work Amona Moslems in Nilleri& churches in the Islands,' that authority be sought from the Mission Boards in MISS CLARK of the Sudan Interior the United States permitting mission- Mission tel1s a remarkable story aries to labor without perpetuating deof a spontaneous movement among cer- nominational names, and that plans be tain Mohammedans of the Sudan. Some made for and methods of cooperation forty-five years ago a Mallam came adopted among the various bodies ~t from the East to Zaria (Nigeria) and work. began preaching that Mohammed was not a prophet of God and that the AInc:lustrial Mission in the Philippines Koran was a lying book. After a time TYPICAL example of the kind of he was arrested, and his disciples fled work being done in the Philippines further east, and, tho not attaining to under the direction of Bishop Brent at any positive faith, continued to uphold Sagada, a place lying in the wild mounthe doctrine of the Koran's worthless- tain regions inhabited by the Igorots, a ness. A few years ago, Dr. Barjary, pagan people of Malay origin. In one of the Church Missionary Society of the adjacent mountain gorges is a visited them, but found no response great saw mill run by the mission, which among them. Last year, however, a provides employment for hundreds of man came into Zaria, to Dr. Miller, men, women and children, and which .is and asked for teaching. He returned called by the native director, "A benelater with another, saying that what diction from Heaven." At Sagada there they wanted was not learning, but re- are large workshops where all kinds of ligion. They then opened up their tools and tinware are made. In other hearts and told how they and many buildings the girls do lace work, and others of their people had been waiting weave beautiful native cloth. A great for the Word of God. Dr. Miller has stone church is in process of erection, sent out Christian young men who have and also a hospital. The whole mission chosen a central town and for twenty is lighted by electric light, the plant miles around these anti-Mohammedan being under the direction of two Igorot Protestants gather each Sunday for in- boys, and there is a first-class printing struction in Christianity. establishment under the direction of an Igorot young man twenty-three years ISLANDS OF THE SEA old, with Igorot assistance. At a recent visit to the mission by Bishop Brent, Unity in the Philippine. over eighty candidates of all ages were confirmed, and after ten years' work A CONFERENCE looking toward the there have been over twelve hundred more complete union of the evan- persons baptized in the community.- gelical churches at work in the Philip- The Churchman. pine Islands, was held in Manila in October last, and was characterized by MISCELLANEOUS a very helpful spirit of unity. Two Americans and two Filipinos from the A The Unreached Millions Presbyterian, Methodist, Episcopal, CCORDING to carefully compiled United Brethren and Christian Mis- statistics, about twenty million volsions were present. Representatives umes of the Bible, or portions of it, from the Congregational and Baptist were printed during 1913, and of these Missions expected to be present but about eighteen million were put into failed to. reach Manila. Resolutions circulation. But "what are these among were passed requesting that the Lord- so many?" Asia alone contains about ship of Jesus and the authority, of the 934,000,000 people. The total popula- Holy Scriptures be fully recognized. that a common name be found for all

tion of the world to-day is approxi- of view. It is, "Forward to Christ." mately 1,730,000,000. Asia,the~efore, con- Christ, the Captain of our Salvation, tains in itself 138,000,000 more people like King Henry of Navarre, is far in than are to be found in all the rest of advance of his army. He is in the the inhabited world. In other words, if van. He calls on all his faithful fol- all the people of the 'world, Asia ex- lowers to advance to his position. We cepted;-. were in the continent of Asia can never overtake him in. his eager there would still be room for one and advance for the conquest of the world; a half times as many people as there but we can devote every energy to are in the United States of America. pushing toward the front of the far- In British India there are over 312,000,- flung battle line. "The Son of God 000 people, in China about 400,000,000. goes forth to war, who follows in His When it is realized how many millions train ?"

of people on the earth's surface are ONE The Ex-Governor of Bombay on Minions still unreached by the Gospel and do of the speakers at the last annot possess God's Holy Word, the great nual meeting of the Oxford Misimportance of the work of the Bible sion in Calcutta was Lord Sydenham, Society is slightly comprehended. formerly governor of Bombay Presi- L Let the Pessimist Take Note dency. ET those who think Christianity is An English newspaper quotes his ad- a spent force ponder the following: When Carey, the first Protestant dress as follows: "Lord Sydenham said missionary of the world, went to India, that after five and one-half years of the whole number of nominal Chris- careful study of the tendencies and tians in the world was about 200,000,- conditions of modern India he had come 000. Now there are 500,000,000. When to the conclusion that missionary effort he, in the eighteenth century, went out was playing a far greater part than was from Christendom as a missionary to realized in the raising of high ideals the dark world of heathend6m, the among the people. . . . Perhaps the population of the world was about greatest tribute of all to the work of 1,000,000,000. It is now supposed to the missionaries was the growing numbe about 1,500,000,000, which is only ber of Indian institutions which, withanother way of saying that, while the out being professedly Christian, were population of the world has increased still the direct result of Christian induring this period fifty per cent., Chris'- fluence working upon Indian minds and leavening Indian thought."

tianity has increased 150 per cent, and OBITUARY the ratio shows that the cause of Christ advanced more within the past 25 years Robert .1. Willingham than it did in the 75 years preceding. Our God is marching on. T HROUGHOUT the South there is great sorrow over the death of Dr. A "Forward to Chri.t" Robert ]. Willingham, for thirty years FOREIGN missionary has sounded the devoted and indefatigable secretary . of the .foreign Mission Board of the the right note. During the past Southern Baptist Convention. During quarter century, he says, the cry has his term of splendid service the gifts been, "Back to. Christ." That cry has to foreign missions in the Southern value, for Christ is the ineffable and Baptist Convention increased more than the infinite model of all that is p.erfect 500 per cent. Dr. Willingham .was a in the manifestation of God. But there man who was respected by all and loved '

is a better cry from a missionary point by all who knew him.

'1111

Pl/",'It BOOKS ON MISSIONS "'01 I AND f '. MISSION LANDS ;, :' ;"

………….. …….,…….,// …….. ….~."…..:;-'/ The Present World Situation. John R. shall at the same time relate itself to Mott. 12mo. Student Volunteer Move- the historic, the universal church? Can ment for Foreign Missions, New York, we increase an effective Christian liter- 1914. ature? Can the crushing social problems The reader of Dr. Mott's latest book of the Orie~t be solved, or must we see the new industrial era add to these probmeets with one inevitable disappoint- lems the problem of the slum and tl"ce ment. "Before the war broke out the congested district, which social reformers book was written just as it now appears." are trying to solve for America? Shall The author truly says that the catas- the gulf which separates the whites and trophe "lends a peculiar timeliness and blacks in South Africa become "the meaning to the treatment of the subject"; grave of Christian ideals in that part of but we all feel that the war has wrought the world?" These are among the quessuch a vast international upheaval that tions which mediocre men can answer the present world situation can not be only as they rise to the stature of statesfairly treated without a discussion' of men. the influence of the war. One who has read "The Decisive Hour of Christian After showing that "by far the great- Missions'," and has followed the author's est obstacle to the world-wide spread of message as given before the Kansas City the Christian religion is the unchristian Convention, and in the MISSIONARY RE- impact of our Western civilization," the VIEW OF THE WORLD and the Inter- author enters upon an illuminating disnational Review of Missions must con- cussion of methods by which the impact fess, too, to a certain disappointment that may be Christianized. There is demandthe new book does not contain more new ed a world-wide "campaign of friendmaterial. It is a satisfaction, however, to ship," in which must cooperate the mishave in a single compact volume these sionary's home, the Christian Student messages, as well as other chapters which Movement, the Laymen's Miss,ionary were given as lectures in Andover Theo- Movement, every Christian in America logical Seminary, at Hqrvard University, who comes into contact with foreign stuand at the Boston University School of dents. Theology. In his closing chapter the writer indi- Dr. Matt dwells upon the unprece- cates the chauging emphasis of his own dented opportunity, danger, and urgency thought. On returning from his first of our world situation. He points out journey around the world, he placed chief the contrasts between his earlier and empha,sis upon the need of "a large inlater experiences in various countries. crease in the number of foreign mis- sionaries." At the end of his second The work of Christian missions must journey throughout the principal mission be "empire building." "Few churches fields of the world, he insisted upon "the and missions are planning their work necessity of augmenting the native arm with reference to the inevitable demands of the service/, He is now constrained of even the next ten years." 'Shall the "to shift the emphasis entirely from "untouchables"be absorbed by Hinduism, numbers to quality, and especially to the Mohammedanism, or Christianity? Can we hope for an indigenous church which

spiritual aspects of the life and activity the rural church is in a position of inof the workers." "The conviction deep- fluence out of all proportion to the size ens that what is needed is not so much of his congregation or the amount of his to quadruple our numbers as to quad- salary. Wide-awake pastors. of rural ruple ourselves." Thus at last he would churches will be deeply interested in call the leaders ~f the missionary forces these ideas forcefully presented by Mr. -and all of us-"not only to a more Wilson. thorough handling of the facts and methods, but also to a larger discovery of The World Outlook superhuman t'esources and a greater irradiation of spiritual power.". The second number of this new month- ly is quite equal to the first-which is The Problem of Leadership. By Ernest high praise. .It is devoted to South E. Elliott. 12mo, 119 pp. 50 cents. America, and has remarkably fine illus- Fleming H. Revell CO, J914. trations and. interesting reading. Practical suggestions gathered from The combination price of The World the experience of the National Secre- Outlook and the REVIEW is' $3.00-for tary of the Brotherhood of the Dis- new subscribers only. To foreign counciples of Christ. The human problem in tries postage must be added. Church and State is. almost wholly a problem of leadership-those who are NEW BOOKS faithful, efficient and beloved. Methods are suggested by Mr. Elliott and mate- The City of Dancing Dervishes ahd rial is listed. The book is of practical value to pastors at home and abroad. Other Sketches and Studies from the Near East. By H. C. Lukach. Illus- The Church at the Center. By Warren H. Wilson. Illustrated. 12mo. 98 pp. trated. 257 pp. 7s. 6d., net. Macmillan, 50 cents. Missionary Education Move- London, 1914. ment, New York, 1914. The work for country churches has A Great Missionary Pioneer. The Story of Samuel Marsden's Work in New Zeabeen developed on a new scale in recent years. Mr. Warren H. Wilson, the land. By Mrs. E. M. Dunlop. 16mo. secretary on "The Church and Country 89 pp. Is., net. Society for Promoting Life" for the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, had signal success in his Christian Knowledge, London, 1914. own rural parish, and has greatly stimulated interest in this important work. His Kiowa. The History of a Blanket Indian present volume deals with the mode of survey for a country parish, suggestions Mission. By Isabel Crawford. Illusand program for the rural church, gives some very useful examples of such work; trated. 8vo. 242 pp. $125, net. Fleming presents some suggestions for rural H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. • church buildings, and ideas that will make the village church a leader in the A Sunday-School Tour of the Orient. country life. When we consider that a By a Commission authorized by the large proportion of students for the ministry and of other leaders in civic and World's Sunday-School Association By religious life come from rural commu- Frank L. Brown. 12mo. Illustrated. nities, and when we see the power which some of these village churches have ex- xvi-374 pp. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garerted to transform the life of the com- den City, L. I., 1914. munity, it is evident that the pastor of A Hero of the Afghan Frontier. The Splendid Life Story of T. L. Pennell, M.D., Retold for Boys and Girls. By Alice M. Pennell. Illustrated. 12mo.

209 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York (Seeley Service, Lon- don), 1914. .

Missionary Crusaders. Stories of the Dauntless Courage and Remarkable Ad- ventures which missionaries have had while carrying out their duties in many parts of the world. By Claude Field, M.A. Illustrated. 12mo. 220 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. .

Missions and the Church. By Wilbur B. Stover. Illustrated. 16mo. 204 pp.

Brethren Pub. House, Elgin, Ill., 1914.

The Real Turk. By Stanwood Cobb.

$1.50. The Pilgrim Press, Boston, 1914.

Life in the Moslem East. By Pierr.e Ponafidine. $1.75, net. Dodd, M-ead &: Co., New York~ 1914.