The Missionary Review of the World — January 1914

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JANUARY, I9I4 SOME QUESTIO~S ANSWERED I0J THIS NUMBER PREP"RED BY ;'viRS. F. :-'1. GILBERT 1. Vhy did the natives of Nigeria have in their houses pieces of wood bored with seven holes?

2. vVhat is the latest kind of guide for tourists? 3. Why is astronomy taught in a theological seminary in China? 4. What definition of Christ is found in a Chinese dictionary over 200 years old? 5. How was a map made so interesting that some small boys did not want to leave it? 6. To what famous Oriental has the King of England presented the Encyclopedia Britannica? 7. Vhat kind of missionaries did Count Okuma say are needed in Japan? 8. In what non-Christian land have more than two million Bibles been sold during the past year? 9. vVhat benefit has resulted from the attempted assassination of India's Viceroy? 10. Where and in what sense are missions "experiencing the penalty of success"? 11. Which of the Balkan nations is most friendly to missions? 12. Why did revivals in Fidelia Fisk's school in Persia occur so often in January? 13. Where was a sheep house fitted up as a mission chapel at the cost of $4.36? 14. Vhy were Moslem boys warned by their parents not to touch the Bibles in the mission schools? 15. In what language does the same syllable mean horse, help, mad dog and coming? I6. vVhat church gives twice as much for missions as for current expenses? 17. Vhat is a "pig collection" and where is it taken up? 18. Vhere are idol-makers appealing for government support? 19. vVho wore to church three suits, one on top of the other? 20. Vhat book was the educated Japanese reading on the railway train?

WIllIAM BUTLER-MOTHER OF TWO

o Mother, on thy mighty prayers Whole nations were upborne to God each day. VVho now of thy survivo rs dares To step beneath that load immense, and stay Its fall to death, In lack of intercessory faith? VVe mn st not fail, VVe must prevail; In heaven's own day Cease not to pray!

Till cease the prayers of our High Priest, Say not, thy prayers for tiS have ceased.

VILLI AM F. VVARREN, President of Boston Universi ty.

Missionary

~ of the World ~ Vol. XXXVII, Ko. 1 JANUARY, 1914 Vol. XXVII, No. Old Serres New Series Signs of the Times "TSIGNIFICANT EVENTS OF 1913 Important Worlc:l Conferences HE Kingdom of God cometh not The Continuation Committee Conferences with observation" is. without in Asia. doubt true to-day in the deepest spiri- World Student Christian Federatioll COll- tual sense, even as it was true in the ference at Lake Mohonk. days of Christ on earth. The deepest World's Sunday-school Association Con- 'and most lasting movements are those vention, Zurich. that are under the surface and whose Pan-Presbyterian Union, Aberdeen, Scot- effects are not clearly evident until land. long after they have originated. The .planting of a seed, or the laying of North America a submerged foundation-stone,may at- United Home and Foreign Missionary tract no attention, but if the life be in Campaign. the seed, or if the workmen continue Comity Plans Inaugurated for Home to build, the results will sometime be Missions. manifest above the surface. In the Denominational Laymen's Missionary missionary work of the Church, the Conferences. scattering of the seed by printed and Latin America Missionary Conference. by spoken word and by Christ-like VVorld Christian Citizenship Congress, deeds, the education of children and Portland. the quiet influence of medical mission- Four Million Fund raised for New York aries is gradually undermining prej u- Christian Associations. dice, trans forming ideals and build- Cooperative work planned for Orientals. ing up faith in God and Christ-like Volunteer Movement for Home Missions character. Organized.

The greatest results of the work of Latin America God in missions at home and abroad The Revolutions in Mexico. are not published by the press, but it Religious Liberty law passed for Peru. is encouraging to note a few of the Student Christian Conferences in Argensigns of awakened interest, of Christ- tina and Brazil. ward movements and of general missionary progress reported during the Europe past year. First Laymen's Missionary Conference in England. Increase of Religious Toleration in Spain. Abolition of Slavery in Russian Empire. Acquital of Beilis, the Jew, in Kiev. Modernist Movement in Italy.

Moslem Lanc:ls The Conclusion of Peace in the Balkan States. Independence won for Albania. Christward movement among Pomaks of Bulgaria. Dr. Zwemer's work for Moslems 111 Egypt. Anti-Moslem movements in North Af- rica. Bible shop opened at Jiddah, Arabia.

The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages &£ this.

REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

India and Burma ~chool party to discuss sueh subjects United Missionary Cuuferences and 1'ru- as "The Necessity, Methods and Re- gram adopted. sults of Religious Education." Christward Caste-movements in Gujerat, etc. One result of this visit was the First National Student Christian Confer- hearty invitation to the World's Sun- ence. day-school Association to meet for their next convention in Tokyo, in China and Tibet I916. The invitation was backed by Day of Prayer for China set by Chinese a cable despatch to Zurich, signed by Government. Count Okuma, former Premier, First Congress and the First President, Baron Shibusawa, chairman. of the Yuan Shih-Kai. Japanese Commercial Commission to Attempts to make Confucianism the State America, and by Baron Sakatani, Religion. Mayor of Tokyo. Upon the return Mott and Eddy meetings for students. of Dr. Kozaki and Dr. Ibuka, from A Union Church formed in Peking. Zurich, a notable reception was held Advance of the Y.M.CA. in China. at the home of Count Okuma, in Revivals in Kansu Province and else- Tokyo, and plans were laid to pro- where. mote the convention by the raising of an adequate fund. At 'this reception Japan and Korea Japanese pastors were urged t~ build Federated Missions Conference. up Christianity in Japan, and espe- Continuation Conferences and Program. cially to promote the growth of Sun- Acquital of 99 Christian Koreans accused day-schools. Senator Ebara of the of conspiracy. House of Peers deplored the fact that First Korean Christian missionary to in many places public school t~achers China. and Buddhist priests openly opposed Official invitation to the World's Sunday- and sought to break up the Sunday- school Convention. schools. Immediately some of the eminent men present promised that The Island World and Arctic Land. this matter would be taken up with Discovery of the Blond Eskimos reported the Cabinet ana that these restrictions by Stefansson. would be removed so that the Sun- Union Church Movement Conference in day-school might be given a fair the Philippines. chance in Japan.

Africa and Madagascar Another interesting result of the Completion of Kongo Reform Move- Sunday-school tour in Japan is the ment. increased interest in Bible study. At Prohibition of sale of intoxicants to Kon- Imabara, in the Island of Shikoku, go natives. the Mayor was so profoundly moved New Clerical Law in Madagascar. that he himself bought Bibles, and with the 19 officials of the city, AN AWAKENING IN JAPAN formed a class for Bible study. In the conservative city of Kagoshima, T HE visit to the Far East last year in the Island of Kyushu, a city from of Mr. H. J. Heinz and the party which Admiral Togo and other J ap- of Sunday-school business men en route to the World's Sunday-school Convention at Zurich, revealed to Japan the deep interest of American business and professional leaders in religious education. In the series of meetings at over thirty strategic cen- ters, Japanese officials and educators were stirred to inquire into the Sun- day-school as a solvent for problems touching the moral foundation of youth. Non-Christian education in Japan has failed to produce the high- est elements of character, so that Jap- anese educators asked the Sunday-

OF THE TIMES

anese leaders have come, a Bible ioealism left. This extraordinary class was formed for clerks. They achievement took place in New York were so appreciative of the benefits City early in November. The Y. W. received that they a'sked for a simi- C. A. is organized in one metropolilar class for their wives. A Chris- tan organization, with ten branches, tian Japanese physician is teaching a vhich meet the needs of the students class of nurses and in one of the in Barnard and Teachers' Colleges; public schools the principal has ar- of art and music students in the soranged with the missionary so that called Studio Club; of trained nurses; 30 selected students have been formed of immigrant girls in the Internainto a class to study the Life of tional Institute; of colored and French Christ after school hours. The Gov- young women, as well as of those ernor of that Ken was so deeply in- groups which form the membership terested in the message of the Sun- of the usual city association. To proday-school party that he asked that vide for this growing work, at least Sunday-schools be developed more five large new buildings are needed adequately in the city. Since then the without delay, and three of the four Governor's wife and son have made million dollars are to be used by the confession of their faith in Christ. women. The Y. M. C. A., already better equipped in the city, contents In the city of Saga some 2,000 itself with $r ,000,000 fol' five students in the higher schools came branches. together and as a result of the message of Miss Kinnear, a college girl The campaign was a magnificent of Pittsburgh, to the girls in the piece of organization in ten groups of Government Normal School, 30 of 100 workers each. Considerable space the girls came to the church on the was given to it by the newspapers, ilfollowing Sunday. luminated clocks in various parts of the city recorded the progress made; Christianity in Japan is being tested 400 met for luncheon every day at and weighed and watched by a large noon to hear reports, and in many number who are dissatisfied with the other ways the attention of New old religions and are feeling the need Yorkers was challenged. Some very for a spiritual tonic to the nation. If large gifts were reported, Mr. Cleve- Christianity can "deliver the goods," land Dodge and Miss Grace Dodge build character, promote loyalty, in- together giving $625,000, but the terest itself in social service, and number of small contributors evi- "atisfy spiritual longings, it will be denced the interest of N ew York in sure to grow to a foremost place in the welfare of· its young men and Japan.-FRANK L. BROWN. women. The campaign appropriately came to an end on Thanksgiving ~ve. INEW YORK'S GREAT ACHIEVEMENT T is the fashion to decry the ma- SOUTH AMERICAN STUDENTS terialism of present-day American STRIKE FOR LIBERTY life, but a city which in three weeks will give over $4,000,000 for such LAST June the students in Santiwork as that carried on by the Young ago and Valparaiso, Chile's fore- Men's and Young Women's Chris- most cities, went on strike as a protian Associations has a good deal of test against the Papal Nuncio. For

a large part of a week they refused do an effective work among the to attend classes or university lec- young men of the Latin-American hues, in the hope that their action nations is 'the YDung Men's Chris- would induce the government to send tian Association."

the Pope's representative out of the A missionary from Chile also country. writes: A vast crowd of citizens, estimated "The students are in revolt again at 50,000, met in the capital and peti- and they are having nightly celebra- tioned the President of Chile for the tions and meetings of protest against nuncio's expulsion. Parades of pro- the government, which has bowed test were seen in the principal streets submissively to Rome and exculpated nearly every afternoon or evening. the inter-nuncio.

This is typical of the situation which "This time their slogan is 'La se- exists to-day in all South America. paracion de la iglesia del estado,' a .The educated classes, as a rule, are long step taken forward in that direc- indifferent to religion, and a con- tion as a result of their agitation and siderable proportion of them are even canvassing of public men.

ready to make a vigorous assault "The young men and young women upon the Church whenever, as an of to-morrow have begun a crusade in organization, it seems to interfere favor of liberty."

with the affairs of the State. REUGIOUS LIBERTY FOR PERU. A real religious refo~m is greatly AT last the Peru Congress has, by needed, and one source from which the needed inspiration will come may the overwhelming majority of 66 prove to be the influence of vital votes to four, voted in favor of an Christianity upon the i,5°O or more amendment of Article IV of the South American students now in the Constitution, which has so long colleges and professional schools of barred the door against the Gospel, the United States. The majority of and which reads: these students are nominal Catholics. "The nation professes the Apostolic Some are openly hostile or anti- Roman Catholic Religion; the State religious, but those who call them- protects it and does not permit the selves so are rather anti-Catholic or public exercise of any other."

anti-clerical, and consequently mani- This last clause has often been used fest little interest in religious ques- by the enemies of the Gospel as a tions or sympathy for the religious weapon against those who have life. Indifference or religious apathy sought to preach Christ in Peru. The is a phenomenon common to all Latin best of the Peruvian nation has felt youth. this to be a disgrace to their standing Professor Jose M. Rua, of the as a civilized people, and at last, National University of Buenos Aires, under the government of President who made an extensive tour among Billinghurst, it has been erased from the North American institutions the Statute Book.

where these men are studying, says: It is true that this amendment must "I do not hesitate to affirm that the receive the approbation of two suc- one Christian organization that can cessive Congresses ere it becomes a

fully established law. But it would demands of the situation, stand by at have to be a very drastic reaction the birth of a nation worthy of a indeed that would reverse such an permanent place in the family of expression of the will of the nation Christian nations."

as that to which they have given ut- terance. We have no reason to be- EVANGELICAL PROGRESS IN lieve that there will be any such re- FRANCE action. AN evangelistic conference recent- PLANS FOR THE PHILIPPINES ly held in Paris reminds those who are especially interested in evan- A NON – SECTARIAN organiza- gelistic work in France of a similar tion, which bears the somewhat conference held under the auspices of formidable name of the National the MeAI1 Mission twenty-six years Committee for Upbuilding the Wards ago, and emphasizes the advance that of the Nation, has been formed, has been made since that time. Then under the auspices of the Harmony preaching was unlawful in any other Club of America, to assist Bishop place than one of the established Brent in his work in the Philippines. churches; now state interference has The Bishop's plans take in the so- come to 'an end. I t has been possi- cial, industrial, educational and evan- ble to introduce more modern meth- gelical work among the million or ods of evangelistic work, such as the more pagan and Mora inhabitants. use of tents, chapel boats, etc. On He hopes to cure them of their the other hand, it is certain that dur- chronic ills, such as malaria, hook- ing these twenty-five years there has worm, black fever, and the like, and been a marked increase of infidelity teach them how to live so as to avoid among the people, the principal rea- the tropical diseases-most of which son being that the new generation are due not to climate but to unhy- has received secular education but gienic habits. has had very little moral training.

He plans to help them to found 01arles Grauss, the general secre- real homes and maintain civilized tary of the French Student Chris- communities until their savagery is tian Movement, exprest the opin- fully outgrown. ion at the Lake Mohonk conference The industrial work planned by that the rational evangelization of Bishop Brent is one of the chief fea- France can only he accomplished tures. He will work to the end of through the universities. He went making the Moros self-supporting and on to say, "It is now possible to masters of several trades and occu- make our ideal'S known to the French pations. students of our twenty university – What the Bishop's ideals are for centers; and thereby, little by little, the race may be gathered from his ad- we may win the popular crowds dress at the Lake Mohonk Indian which always follow the movement Conference: of the elite. Thus we may sow at "America has a great opportunity the heart of French influence a germ in the Philippines. She can, if she of Otristianity which will spread far pursues a course consonant with the into the world." .

NEW INTEREST IN PORTUGAL are being read by seekers who no longer fear the priest in their hearts. MISSIONARIES report that there is now manifest an unusual wil- VICTORY IN A MOSLEM TRIAL lingne'ss to hear the Gospel on the part THE progress of civilization is of the people in Portugal. In many sure to break down Moslem towns of the provinces of Minho, Trasos-Montes, and Beira Alta, evan- superstition and prejudice even if it gelistic meetings have been recently does not insure acceptance of Christ. held in local theaters. The audien~es were large and attentive. Remuner- Friends of missions to Moslems ation for the use of the theaters was will be interested in the result of the refused by several managers. At the trial of Sheikh Abdullah Abd al dose of the meetings Bibles and New Faadi for alleged defamation of Mo- Testaments were eagerly bought and hammed and his book. This recent religious tracts w.ere gratefully re- convert from Islam to Christianity ceived. was charged with using the ob- jectionable language one night last BIBLES BURNED IN SYRIA August, when some discussion arose between him and a crowd that had WHEREVER the Gospel of Christ gathered about him while he was is winning converts, there we sitting in a cafe in Cairo. Much bitterness was manifested by Mosmay expect opposition. When this lems in this trial but he escaped with is opposition to the Word of God, only a nominal sentence. The judge the evidence is clear that it comes imposed the payment of a fine of from the devil. A missionary in two pounds, altho it was in his power Beirut writes that in a nearby village to impose a fine of fifty pounds a Maronite priest recently made a ($25°.00) and imprisonment for one search for Bibles printed in the Bei- year. The testimony of the witnesses, rut Press, and threatened the peo- of whom there were seven or eight, ple with excommunication if they was that the man had declared that did not give up their books and Bi- the Koran was only a human compobles. After he had obtained all pos- sition, mostly of unknown authorsible he proceeded to burn the Bi- ship, that the prophet was a liar, a bles-an act which cast a sad light loyer of women, and that his religion on his own ignorant and blinded heart was false. The decision of the Mosand on the spiritual condition of the lem judge may be taken to mean poor people who follow such a blind either that he believed the Moslem leader of the blind. In another vil- witness to be testifying falsely and lage not an hour away a priest of did not fear to disregard their testithe same church recently had another mony, or that he did not consider the such burning of Bibles. Unfortu- language used to be really defamanately for them both, their own false tion. On whatever basis the decision teachings of the ethical variations of was made, the missionaries regard it truth encouraged many of their flock as a victory, and say that a few to conceal the truth and also the Bibles so that not a few remain and years ago it would hardly have been possible.

of a Tour of Asia*

REV. JAMES H. FRANKLIN, D.D., BOSTON, MASS. Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society.

HE Farther East has very great extent meeting there. A maelstrom is to be expected. I lTI become the Near East. To-day the Far East Eye Openers in Japan is one of the world's How little we understand Japan and the Japanese! How little we zones of greatest ac- understand their history and their . tivity, and it is rapidly modes of thought! Count Okuma, easily the leading publicist in Japan, becoming one of the largest centers made a very strong reply to my in- quiry. of influence. Of course, Americans "vViII you please tell me," I said, are sure that America is the center "how we can make a better contribu- tion to the religious development of of things; but that is because we live the Japanese?"

in America. I found a poor, igno- What do you suppose he said? Send over more missionaries? Build rant black boy in Africa, who could more 'Schools? Do more social work? No. He said: speak a little English, who was sure "Mr. Franklin, if you wish to do Africa was better than any part of more to help the Japanese, please send more missionaries who know America possibly could be. The something of the history of Japan, who know something of the religion Chinese and the Japanese do not for of Japan, who know something of the modes of thought of the Japanese." one moment consider America su- That led me to a claser study of perior to their own lands and they the Japanese, and my knowledge of their history, together with my obdo not for one moment envy us our serv~tions of their life, caused me to leave their shores with great adpale, faded-out skins. miration for them.

There is a great deal of provincial- Crossing the Pacific Ocean a very superficial woman said, "In America ism in all parts of the world. But it we do not like the Japanese because they do not make as good servants is fortunate that people in all parts as some other people." Now how would you like to have the Amerof the world can be grateful to God that they live in the best of all lands.

In China, they are sure they live in the Middle Kingdom and. the mis- sionary who goes to China to-day is sure he is in the center of things.

The late Dr. Greene, of Japan, said to me a few weeks ago, "I wish you would try to make the people in America understand that we are not on the outskirts, but right in the midst of the world's currents." It is true. We need not be disturbed be- cause there is disturbance in the Far East. The world's tides are to a 'Portions of an address delivered at No:rthfield, ~ass" in July, 1913, stenographically reporte,d,

icans judged by that same criterion? the Japanese had not shut out the The Japanese have those character- foreigner. At one time as many a'S istics of which we ourselves are I,ooo,OOO people in the Sunri~e Kingproud, tho we blame them for those dom called themselves Christians, and traits on which we pride ourselves. if there had been a program of disiVe say the Japanese are "cockey," interested service, if there had been since they defeated the Chinese and a non-partizan spirit, if missions and the Russians; we Americans call politics had been kept separate, Japan ourselves patriotic when we celebrate might to-day have been a Christian our victories. We say they are nation. "tricky" in business; we also say, "The Yankee is as shrewd as anyone What has happened in Japan within when it comes to commerce." The the last 60 years? Her civilization Japanese are called the Yankees of had been reta'rded for three centuries, the East. We say that they have a but no sooner were her doors opened feeling of self-sufficiency. So have than she sent her ~ons to the far the Americans. The truth is, we are corners of the earth to sit at the blaming the Japanese for possessing feet of other nations. The result the very characteristics on which we was that there is hardly any feature pride ourselves. of Western civilization which has not been copied, or improved upon, in The American tourist who thinks Japan. In the ordinary city or large at all of missions asks: "How many town they have ten free deliveries of stations have you?" "How many mail a day until ten o'clock at night. converts have you?" "What have There is free delivery to every farthe converts cost per capita?" No mer's hut and to every fisherman's one can study the religious situation cottage, in every corner of the Emin the Far East to-day who is meas- pire. The parcels post had become uring the success of Christianity old with them before we ever began merely by the number of people who it. As to raihyays, a notable differhave been brought into the churches. ence between the American and the The quiet leavening influence of Japanese systems is that the latter Christianity is the greatest result of almost never have collisions. Over missionary effort. This leavening in- there the killing of a passenger is an fluence is felt in many directions. exceedingly rare occurrence. In the matter of newspapers, in every .large We must understand something of city I was told that practically every that wonderful country, Japan, and family takes at least one daily paper, its history. Japan opened her gates and perhaps two, and if some Soloto the other nations of the world only mon says a foolish thing in America 60 years ago, after they had been about the Japanese, they read it toshut against the rest of the world morrow morning before breakfast; for 300 years.. Why? Because cer- but if something kind is said in tain so-called Christian nations of the America about the Japanese, the re- West were ambitious for territory in porters do not cable it. If Dr. Hamthe Far East. So far as history can ilton Wright Mabie makes a speech show, Japan might have been a col- in Tokyo on "World Peace" it is ony of a European nation· to-day if

OF A TOUR IN ASIA

in the Japanese papers the next day. train far north in the Hokkaido we But the most wonderful thing in had for a traveling companion a Japanese of ordinary appearance who Japan is the remarkable system of had eaten his rice with chop sticks education. In spite of the short pe- riod in which they have been at work and for hours had sat on his feet in on a modern system of schools, 95 per cent. of the children of school Japaonese fashion. He appeared to age are now enrol1ed. These are be only an ordinary man of the more ',he so-called "heathen" Japanese prosperous class, but there ,were some that we have been talking about. interesting books by his side. One They are 110t satisfied to teach only was in English, which he could read reading, writing and arithmetic in perfectly, tho he could not contheir schools. They are developing verse with IlS. The title of the Enhigh schools, colleges, and t1l1iversi- glish book was "The Study of Orities-and the universities of Japan gins," a work which deals with the are universities. I visited one with proLlem of knowledge, the problem 5,000 students. In the same city I of being, the problem of duty, the found another with 8,000, and still problem of religion, the problem of another with 9,000 students. The morality. He had studied Buddhism various departments of these univer- and philosophy,' but he had not yet sities compare favorably with simi- studied Christianity sufficiently to exlar departments in Europe and Amer- press an op1l1!On. A magazine by ica. There are chairs of compara- the side of the English book was the tive religions, and the professors are [<'rench "Revue Philosophique." A studying in a cold-blooded, scientific third volume was in Japanese, which spmt. They are comparing the vari- contained pictures of such men as Dr. ous systems of religious thought, G. Stanley Hall and Professor Ladd. ° hoping to select from each system When the French magazine was inthe best for the use of the J apancse spected his prompt query was, "Parpeople. lez vous Fran<.;ais?" Psychology and /,ragrnatism were familiar words Japanese Studying Religion with him and when he learned that the strangers were from America his Another thing worthy of note: You first query was: "Do you know Prowill find in the libraries of these fessor Villiam James, who wrote the universities not only Japanese books, "Varieties of Religious Experience?" but many of the world's best books vVhen a visitor has encountered a in other languages. On the shelves few characters of this type, he beof libraries of colleges and univer- gins to wonder if any nation ever sities are many high grade· books furnished a parallel to the situation that are not found in some of our in Japan, where many educated lead- Christian' schools in America. Pro- ers are seeing the need of better refessor William James's "Varieties of ligious thought and are quietly read- Religious Experience" is very popu- ing the world's religious books for lar. themselves.

But it would be a mistake to as- On one occasion, on a train in sume that only the educated leaders Japan, an educated young man 111 are studying religion. On a railway

foreign dre<:s, noting my inability to was not comparable with that of the speak the Japanese tongue, offered Nazarene, for Jesus was what you his services. When he discovered people call God Incarnate." that I was from Boston, he at once told me that he had received his It had become proper for me to scientific education in the University ask him what was his own religious of Boston. He asked if I had known attitude. He replied at once, "1 ac- cept Christianity. I am not a mem- Dr. A. J. Gordon, and if I had ever ber of any church, but I take Chris- tianity as the compass of my life." visited Northfield. He had been much When he was asked, if Japan would interested in Northfield, he declared, ultimately accept the principles of where he had heard D. L. Moody, Christianity, he replied, with Ameri- A. J. GordQn, Henry Drummond and can emphasis, "Sure," and added, others. He wished to know who had "Japan may not accept Western ectaken Mr. Moody's place. clesiastical forms; we may not ac- cept the theological systems of the In the course of our conver.sation West; but the principles of Chrishe gave me a most remarkable and tianity are sure to triumph, they are interes.ting interpretation of the death sure of ultimate acceptance in Jaof General Nogi, whom he pictured pan." He continued: "You used a as the most righteous man in Japan good illustration a moment ago. You at the time of his death. "Nogi," said said it is not your chief concern to he, "was at heart a Christian. Bud- fix the theological thought of the dhism could not have produced such a Japanese, but that your chief conman. There was no nobler man in cern is to point the people of the Far all our land than Nogi, caring for East to the Rock, Christ Jesus, the poor and distrest wherever it whence the gold of all the world's rewas possible, and leaving not a yen ligious thought may be mined; that to his own credit in the bank at the it is our privilege to take this gold time of his death, having used even into the mints of our own minds and his army pension for the relief of hearts and consciences, under the suffering." General Nogi's suicide, guidance of God's Holy Spirit, and he declared, was the use of an old coin it with such image and super- Japanese method of protest against scription as will best express the existing conditions. "I think Nogi Japanese adoration and devotion. I felt," said he, "that if he lived 20 think that is what will be done." years longer he could do nothing to stem the tide of immorality that was Count Okuma said to me at the setting in. .He saw that immorality close of a long interview, tho he was affecting both the s.tudent classes himself is not an avowed Christian: and the army forces. If he should "The leading educated men of Japan give his life, his death would be in- are thirsty for new religion. They terpreted as a protest against con- see clearly that the old religious sysditions which he had attempted to tems are not sufficient-a more conchange." With tremendous eloquence crete faith is necessary to moral dehe exclaimed, "I tell you, Nogi died velopment." At a reception given in for Japan as truly as Jesus of Naza- my honor, there were a number of reth died for all mankind. His death

OF A TOUR IN ASIA

J a pan e s e university professors, adopted, but I be1ievewith all my soul in the ultimate triumph of Chris- Ph.Dd.'s from Harvard, Yale, and tianity in the Far East. Cambridge. The substance of their remarks was this: The Eastern Reli,iona "The Western forms wiII not tri- I have returned with increased reumph here, but the leaven of Chris- spect for the peoples of the Far East tianity has already accomplished and with increased unwillingness to much in the Empire. As an illustr2.- speak slightingly of the religion of tion, it has given a new content to any people who are trying to find many words in 011r vocabulary. The God. Their religious thought does word love was carnal in its meaning not necessarily represent enmity toin the days of our boyhood; now it ward God, but rather their attempt has come to have a new meaning. to reach out, if haply they may find It now has the Christian content." Him. Dr. Timothy Richard, that great missionary in China, said in one vVe must send our best men and of Dr. Mott's conferences, "God hath our best women to this Empire, to not left Himself without witness in the Japanese, who by reason of their any nation." If you do not believe own achievement are entitled to the that, your quarrel is not with Dr. respect and the confidence of the Richard. It is with the New Testaworld. We must think of them as ment. Put two verses togeth~r and our brothe'rs. you will find that God hath not left Himself without witness among any I have returned from Asia with people. Moreover, He is the Light some decidedly pleasing impressions. which lighteth every man that cometh Christianity has been planted in the into the world. Surely, there is some Far East. Every missionary might light in Confucianism. Whence came be recalled from Japan, and leading this light? Christ is not a rival of men amI numerous students would go Confucius. "I have come not to deon studying Christianity. There is stroy, but, to fulfil," said Jesus. It a great need for more missionaries is the mission of those who sit 111 of the right type; but as surely as the sunlight of the love of God as we are here, Christianity has been manifested through Jesus Christ, to planted there. They have seen His give to those who sit in the starlight star in the East, and while it is true or the moonlight that better light that many are encamped on the plains which has come to us from the Sun of darkness, it is also true that some of Righteousness. have journeyed to Bethlehem, while still others are saying, "Let us go I have returned almost staggered and see for ourselves." I have re- at the difficulties of our task, and turned with great confidence in the sobered by its magnitude. I have ultimate triumph of Christianity.. In wandered among pagodas and temspite of our mistakes, God has used ples a thousand, thirteen hundred our efforts. It may be necessary for years old, and have been over- God to use other efforts than those whelmed as I thought of the generawhich we are putting forth. It may tions whose feet had worn smooth be necessary for Him to use other plans than those which we have

the paths of stone. I shall never for- the idea prevails in Western lands get standing by the side of a grave that China's movements are so gen- 4,000 years old, said to be the eral and so progressive' that it is im- burial place of the first emperor of possible to exaggerate. It is impos- China. "There," thought I, "those sible to exaggerate concerning the ashes have been resting ever since" meaning of the political revolution or according to the old chronology, the missionary evolution in China. Abraham heard the cry, 'Up, and get But do not be misled into believing thee out of thine own country into that an empire of four thousand the land that I shall show thee.'" years has in a day become a stable While those ashes have been resting republic, and has discarded on every there, most of what we call the story hand the superstition of four milof the world has been written. Al- lenniums. China has a long, hard most everything that we know of road ahead. Her leaders are awake. Jewish history has transpired within The new order is much in evidence that time. This grave has been there in such centers as Canton, Shang!ni, twice as long as historic Christianity Hankow and Peking. But there are has existed. Multitudes and multi- vast regions in the interior where the tudes have been bowing' before this republic is hardly more than a name, grave for forty centuries. Yet many and the people in general are densely appear to believe that the aged ignorant of the real meaning of deshrines will totter at the blast of a mocracy. There are regions where Gospel trumpet from beyond the superstition is as strong as before. seas; that systems of ,eligion will be Dut unquestionably the attitude of the surrendered at the first oral procla- masses is changing, China can never mation of a strange message, and that get back to the old ways. The birth nations will immediately break their of the republic has been attended by idols and form Christian churches convulsions more horrible than we after '1estern models. could possibly realize. The days of fire and blood may not yet be ended. China, Old and New It is certain, however, that a new China has been born whose ambition China! China! China! Who is pre- it is to be a nation like those of the pared to speak of the China of to- West. Do not be disturbed i,f a day? Read a book, and' one must cable tells us to-morrow that revoluspeak; spend a few months there, and tion has occurred in this or that one hardly dares to speak lest what province. Revolutions in China may he says to-day appear altogether fool- be but incidents in her evolution. ish to-morrow. Moreover, he learns that what is true of one section may How came this new republic? At not be true of another. It is not Hanyang I climbed to the top of the safe to say that a well-developed ridge from which the fires of revomovement in one province has even lution first blazed forth. Just in made a beginning in another. front of a Christian hospital are two immense cement tombs where one or Much that is being written about two thousand revolutionary soldiers the new republic to-day is amusing were hurriedly buried. On the two when it is read in China. Somehow

OF A 'fOUR IN

imlllense graves arc these words: might still do a great deal to re- "Spirits of Fire and Blood." Their establish her moral position.

names are not known. "Spirits of Inquirers in China Fire and Blood." In Canton, called by some the Back of this sacrifice was leader- greatest city of Asia, I attended one of the theater meetings 'conducted ship. Back of the leadership was in- for students by Dr. John R. Mott. spiration. Vhence came this new For several nights in succession, as impulse? Passing through Europe a many as twenty-five hundred students few days ago I chanced to pick up a gathered in a theater. It was notable copy. of the London Daily Mail of that there was not a queue in evi- May 5, containing an article by Lord dence. The student classes of China William Gascoyne-Cecil on "The Op- have broken with the past. One misportunity in China," from which I sionary who attended the meeting clipt these words: Now they are breaking up the idol said that ten years ago he would not temples, the old heathen festivals of have believed such a thing possible the seasons are dying quickly, and in so short a time. At the concluwill be as dead as our Mayday, and sion of the series of meetings, 800 China will soon be without a religion students of the Canton schools beunless she becomes Christian. She is becoming Christian, but she still came inquirers, and signed cards on needs our help. In this matter I have which they promised to read the New a little quarrel with my countrymen. Testament and to pray every day, and You may notice that nine-tenths of to follow the teachings of Christ as the men who are leading this revolu- far as reason and conscience comtion have had their inspiration from American mission schools, with the mended His teachings as true. The result that America has a great moral mission school occupies a large place position in China. Now the English in the present day in China. Every have always had bigger interests in China, and their missionaries were mission academy or college that I there long before the Americans, visited is turning away students. One their flag is much better known, but academy with splendid building, they did not believe in educating the which last year enrolled only IS, had young Chinaman, with the result that 60 applications this year-their full all the leading young men went to the American missions and not to capacity. A single college turned the English. Now we are doing a little, but still we are far behind away 50 students because there was no room to accommodate them. If America, and the real future of Cb.ina I were going to China to-day as a depends on the American-trained teacher in a mission school, I am not Chinese. It was a great mistake that a con- sure but that I would be as willing to teach science as theology. In the stitutional monarchy did not take the theological school of one of the m03t place of the despotic Emperor; the young Chinese quite wrongly deter- successful missions, we found that mined to create a new China after students for the ministry were taught the model of the United States; it astronomy, that they might learn that would have been far better if more marty of the phenomena of nature of the reformers had been trained are due, not to evil spirits, but to under English influences. But it is "never too late to mend"; England natural causes. Physics and chemis-

try are helping to eradicate belief in to reproduce Western denominationspirits and dragons, and these studies, alism, but to plant Christianity. For in removing old superstitions which days these men and women conferred have been wrecking China, are pre- on questions of vital importance, and paring their minds for the reception the results of these meetings will be of spiritual truth. Many have be- felt for many decades. lieved that we are under no obligation to educate-that we. must preach These conferences confirmed what the Gospel quickly to every creature; I felt before-that the day is at hand but I say without reservation that when sectarianism is bound to fail in so far as I could judge, the denom- the Far East, and I have returned inations which are now in position to from my tour prepared to say that do most for the regeneration of China sectarianism ought to fail in the Far are the denominations that have done East. Who am I, that I should acmost, not merely in training assistants cept responsibility for fixing the for their missionaries, but who have theological thought for the Chinese also done much in general education and the Japanese? He who is winand have placed responsibility upon ing to do so assumes much respon- Chinese who are to-day able to lead sibility. It is enough to give them the people. Christ, and let them interpret Him for themselves. Tho am I, that 1 You have heard of the conferences should consider my view the last held around the world. I attended word in the interpretation of Christ? several of the conferences held in With all my soul, I believe that the China by Dr. John R. Mott, as sec- Chinese and Japanese, by their conretary of the Continuation Commit- tributions, will make the crown of tee of the Ed,inburgh Missiorary Con- Christ more resplendent, and with all ference. The national gathE'ring was my heart I believe that it is their privilege to interpret Him for themattended by I 15 rnen and women selves. They will take this privilege, (foreign mis~ionaries and Chinese whether you and I grant it or 11ot, leaders), who represented perhaps as many as 30 different denominations, and personally I am grateful for that and fully as many d'ifferent mission- independence of spirit which is beary organizations. They were picked coming more and more manifest. men and women from every great section of the new republic, who had In the conferences, there was no come together in a spirit of unity, to demand whatever that we sink our hail the Name that is above every distinctive convictions-no demand, name. These men and women had as some one says, that we reduce come together first of all because of our theology to the lowest common the spirit of unity in their hearts. denominator. On the other hand, They had also corne together with there is insistence that everyone a consciousness that the task is too shall be loyal to his own interpretagreat for anyone branch of the tion of Christ, and that each de- Christian Church. Moreover, many nomination shall contribute loyally had come with the conviction that and frankly that interpretation with their chief business in China was not which it has been able to bless the world. At the same time there is

OF A TOUR IN ASIA

an insistent demand on the part of ing that the churches of the city the Chinese and on the part of many meet and pray for the republic." Was missionaries, that no denominational it possible? Thirteen years ago these name shall be placed ahead of the very streets were running with the Name of Jesus Christ. Speaking blood of Christians. Thirteen years figuratively, there is a wide-spread ago, in the terrible Boxer uprising, tendency to write the Name of Christ which was primarily anti-foreign and in large capitals over the name of only secondarily anti-Christian, these every Christian church in China, and very walls were mounted with cannon the denominational name in small let- turned upon the legation quarters in ters below. The National Conference, which the foreign missionaries and which represented so many denomina- many Christians found refuge while tions, unanimously recommended that waiting for two months the arrival of the congregations in China should the foreign soldiers. All day the 'take as a common name, "The Church words kept coming-Hanly 13 years of Christ in China," the denomina- ago." tional designation being secondary. Cooperation is the need of the hour At the morning hour I worshiped in China. There is no wide-spread with a Chinese congregation. Only demand for a union which means the 13 years ago 200 members of this surrender of conviction. It is under- band gave their lives rather than deny stood that each denomination must Christ. The assistant pastor who sound forth what it believes to be its took part in the service that morning God-given message. The oratorio of lost wife and children, father and Redemption will never be sounded mother, brothers and sisters,-just forth merely by everyone giving up 13 years ago. My heart was throbhis convictions. On the other hand, bing as I looked upon him. And we we shall never hear the oratorio at had been calling them rice Christians! its best so long as some insist upon I was asked to go to the Methodist playing their own instruments far off compound and take part in the serin one corner, and others insist upon vice which was to be held at the replaying their instruments elsewhere quest of the Minister of Foreign Afin their little corners. We shall fairs. Singularly enough, the meetcreate a true symphony by sounding ing was held on the Methodist comtrue notes, and by sounding them in pound where the missionaries and love and harmony. Cooperation is Chinese Christians first assembled at the word, and I believe it is born of the outbreak of the persecution that God. cost the lives of 200 foreign mis- sionaries and 30,000 Chinese Chris- A Great Day in Peking tians. We have not even yet begun to realize the sufferings of those days On my last Sunday in China I was -only 13 years flgo. A few' rods greeted by these words : "You are in distant was the British legation where Peking on a great day. The first many missionaries and Chinese Chris- National Assembly has just opened, tians found protection behind the and to-day the Minister of Foreign breastworks during the long siege, Affairs, a Christian man, is request- while a handful of foreign soldiers

on the stone walIs stood between full y understand this,· and hope that Christianity may be promoted, and them and death. A part uf the wall we come with this expression of goodwill to this gathering of Chinese has been left unrepaired, still bear- which has met here for prayer for the nation at this important time of ing the marks of shot and shell, and its reorganization."

overhead these words: "Lest we ,for- A veteran missionary whispered to me: "Thirteen years ago we could get." not have believed this possible." I looked out over the large assembly I expected a meeting of a hundred and in my heart I asked, "Who are they, Lord, and whence came they?" or two hundred Christians in a small Then came the answer: "These are they that came out of the great triburoom on the Methodist compound. lation and they washed their robes But no, the place oi meding is the and made them white in the blood of the Lamb." fine house of worship which seats That meeting was the beginning of fifteen hundred, and the house filled. the wider movement in which the On the platform besides the mis- President of the RepUblic requested all the Christians to pray. I know not sionaries and church pastors were what motive may have prompted gov- ernment officials in their part in the representatives of the Chinese gov- latter movement, but I know that the movement was Christian in its odgin, ernment. A senator, edt1cated in and that whatever the motives may have been, it is a marvel of marvels America by a member of our own that within I3 years the despised Christians have been asked to pray Board of Managers, prays with for the new RepUblic. This one cir- cumstance is sufficient in itself to broken and sobbing voice, mention- call the Christian forces of the world to most heroic endeavor. My brothers ing in his prayer that Washington and sisters, surely the hour has struck: Are we ready for it? and Lincoln both prayed in the times Ve know that in a chemical exof nati':mal distress. A representa- periment there is a time when all tive of President Yuan Shih-Kai depends upon the proper contribution being made at ju~t that moment. If spoke these words: that moment slips by, it can not be recalled. This is the moment in the "I am here representing President Far East when it appears that the Yuan Shih-Kai and Mr. Lu Cheng- proper contribution will produce the hsiang, the Minister of Foreign Af- greatest results ever Seen in mission fairs. Both the President and Mr. endeavor. Lu take interest in this meeting which has been called for special prayers for the nation at this time. The old book says that the root is in the heart and if the heart is right, the man will be right, and so the family and so the whole nation. It is the power of religion that is necessary today. Christianity has come to China for now over one hundred years. It was born in Judea and spread all over the world. Altho under a republic there is equality in religIOn, the President and Mr. Lu realize that Christianity has done very much for China. Christians are not regarded now, as under the Manchu Dynasty, as a special class by themselves, but as citizens of the Republic, and their work has done much to promote morality among the people of this land. The President and Mr. Lu

AN N UAL MEETING OF THE METHODIST MISSION IN INDIA IN

(Mr. and Mrs. Rutler a rc in the center in front .of the Indian who holds the end of the Aag) The Mother of Two Missions A SKETCH OF MRS. WILLIAM BUTLER, MISSIONARY TO INDIA AND MEXICO BY LILLY RIDER GRACEY Author of T has been said of the leading churches. A call was there- fore sent out for men to open work l aI ~ Corsican, that the fra- in India. For three years the appeal . grance of the flowers was made and then there was but of his native land so one response and that was by Dr. ~ enters into his nature William Butler. H e accepted the that wherever he goes, perilous, arduous post with heroic this fragrance tells his presence and enthusiasm and his no less heroic his nationality. Whether on two wife shared gladly the hardships and foreign fields, India and Mexico, in responsibilities with him. both of which with her husband she pioneered, or in the homeland, there The journey that such steamers was a fragrance about the personality as the Lusitania and the modern and presence of Mrs. William Butler Mediterranean express service make that showed she belonged. to all na- possible in 21 days, then took five tions of the earth-the title once weary months. On April 9, 1856, bestowed upon her, that of "Empress the Butlers began a nearly halfof India Missions," 'did not encircle year's journey, sailing from Boston. her interests, so world-wide were Small, poorly-equipped steamers, hot they, so human-hearted was she. days crossing the desert to Suez, before the days of any Suez Canal, For some years it was felt by added discomfort instead of pleasures intelligent members of the Methodist to their travels. Their chosen field Episcopal Church, that the long delay was the beautiful Gangetic Valley, toof American Methodists in entering gether with the adjacent hill range the foreign mission field presented a on the east and north-a tract of cause of reproach, when contrasted Jndia nearly as large as England, with the active efforts of the other

and containing more than 18.000,000 days they journeyed on to find refuge of people. Here the city of BareiIIy at Naini Tal, a valley encircling a was selected for the mission station. beautiful lake, picturesque among the Just ten weeks before .the Sepoy Himalaya mountains, with the snowy Rebellion broke out,the young man range of the Himalayas In the distance. WILLIAM BU TLER "Dr. Butler was just the mall and his bride settled down for work needed at that time," said an obin their new home. A valued library server of those epoch-making days. of a thousand volumes was put in "A cautious or a timid man would place, and the missionaries began a have hesitated, and the opportunity study of the people and language. would possibly have been lost to lay Ten weeks later the comfortable the broad foundations that were laid home and its contents were t:onsigned for mission work." A brief time to flames, and the two workers of after the arrival at Naini Tal, Dr. undaunted bravery were homeless, Butler hacla little congregation about hunted for their lives in the adjoin- him, and started a day school for ing mountains. The English army bazaar children, in whom Mrs. Butler commanded them to leave quickly was interested. A sheep house standand unseen as the Rebellion became ing on a hill side, was cleared out, a fact. Hastily they started under whitewashed, fitted up with benches, the cover of the night, moving off and turned into a miniature chapel by the light of a mussalchee's torch. at a cost of $4.36- the first Metho- They traveled in palanquins. Dark- dist Church edifice in India. ness, tigers and elephants were about them as they passed through the III a few months the Rebellion was terai, a belt of deep jungle. During over and Nana Sahib, the Cruel, was the flight they slept at night in tents, with great log fires· kept burning by DR. AN D MRS. B UTLER'S HOME IN EAREILLY" the natives to keep away the wild beasts of the forest. For several himself a fugitive in the wilds of the terai. Dr. and Mrs. Butler were permitted to return to Bareilly, and 'Courtesy of the Missionary Education Movement.

MOTHER OF TWO MISSIONS

a very romance of missions is seen sympathies and energies. During the in the opportunity which came in following five years, with the aid of DelhI for Dr. and Mrs. Butler to sit nearly 20 more missionaries from the on the famous crystal throne in the homeland, the Methodist mission esaudience chamber of the Great Mo- tablished work in almost a dozen guls and watch the trial of the con- cities of Northwest India, erected spirators of the mutiny, and hear the mISSion homes, school buildings, decree of banishment for the Em- chapels, churches, and founded a peror of Delhi, the last of the Mo- publishing house, the property value guls, Mrs. Butler being the only going into thousands of dollars. American woman who had ever seen During these years Mrs. Butler worked the face of the Empress of Delhi. untiringly for the women and girls.

THE BAREItLY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY This is located in the city where Methodist work in India began While sitting on that throne Dr. "Our early congregations in India Butler took out paper and pencil and from r8S7 to r86r," wrote Dr. Butwrote the notable appeal called, "The ler, "had in one sense a melancholy Throne of the Great Mogul," in aspect. "Voman was not there. which he pleaded for the support of British arms might abolish thrones, the orphans who would be left as a annihila,te sovereignties, overthrow result of all these months of war- great armies and give peace to a fare. "If you take them, you will bleeding land, but all that done, think of them," he wrote. "If yOlt there remained to be accomplished a pay for them, you will pray for mightier conquest which their swords them." A hearty response was made could not achieve, a victory to be by Methodism to this appeal and won which required a far different a girls' orphanage was founded, to agency for its consummation. That which Mrs. Butler directed her agency was woman. Her gentle hand,

THE :lISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WCmU) I Janua]')'

her Christian teaching must be the vealeCl the agency that He had in powerful nl.inistry to lead her be- reserve to meet the emergency and nfghted sisterhood to become the en- to complete His plan. The Woman's lightened 'Daughters of the Al- Foreign Missionary Societies weI l: mighty.' " organized; when the zenana doors were at last opening, when the gov- Marvelous health Mrs. Butler bad ernment was ready to welcome them during the vicissitudes of climate and gladly, when the appropriate native the coming in contact with contagious agency required had been made diseases, when many times she per- ready to keep them; when the requisonally nursed those with cholera, site funds were available for their and small-pox, but after nine years schools anc! orphanages, anc! when (he two indefatigable workers came the field was all their own and every back to America for rest. Soon after ohstacle had been removed out of they had taken up their residence in the way of their work and useful- Boston, two influential women repre- ness; then they came to render the senting the Congregational Churches service which they alone coulc! accalled to ask their opinion on complish." lVoman's missionary societies. They orgahized a society in 1868, with Vhen the Woman's Society became Mrs. Butler's words and presence to an institution, it gave scope for lIrs. help launch it. Butler's executive ability, organiz- ing power and zeal, and she was in Filled with enthusiasm on that demand in many directions to help occasion, Mrs. Butler attempted to promote the cause. Few women secure similar action among Metho- knew the story of Nations as she dist women the following spring. Co- did. This organization has grown operating with her with equal zeal to marvelous strength, haying in the and purpose was Mrs. Edwin W. past year an income of $9II,337, a Parker of India, who at the time total of more than ~T4,OC>O,000. Durwas in America, and the two enlisted ing the forty-four years of its histhe interest of some women of means tory, these have been contributed and social prominence, the result be- through the society, and it has maining a meeting called for organization tained over 400 women missionaries in Tremont Street Church, Boston, on the foreign field. March 23, 1869. Only eight women were present, but a forcible presen- In 1873 Mrs. Butler accompanied tation of the purpose resulted in an her husband to Mexico, where she effective organization. again shared with him the task of fOllnding a mission of their Church. Eloquently Dr. Butler wrote of Here she had the nnique experience this action and the opportunity pre- of making a home in part of the hissented in these words: "As 1869 toric building which was once the approached, and the success of the palace of the Emperor Moctezuma, great hopes that had been awakened and was afterward part of the great in the heart of India for the enlight- monastery of· the Franciscans-the enment of one-sixth of all the women missionary monks of the Catholic on earth, as well as for women in Church. Later, after the sequestraall unevangelized climes, God re-

MOTHER OF TWO MISSIONS

MRS. BUTLER WITH NATIVE INDIA PREACHERS IN 1906* tion of the monasteries by the Liber- in its various schools in that country. al Government, it has been in turn a After opening that field Dr. and circus 'and theater, and, as the fana- Mrs. Butler retired from strenuous tical press put it "Each time worse." activities. A rare treat was then ar- Then it became a Methodist Mission ranged for them-at no expense to House. Mrs. Butler also rejoiced to them, or their Board, they were persee a band of earnest Christians wor- mitted to revisit India. . What changes shiping in the former Examining had taken place! How they were Chapel of the Inquisition in the City thrilled with the sights of progress of Puebla. Here she received into · development and adoption of western her own home the first orphan girl ideas! On and up through India they to come into the care of the Mis- sped, but the climax of their journeysion, which now has 5,000 <;hildren 'CQurtesy of th~ Missionary Education Movement.

ings was reached in Bareilly, where penetrated the dense jungle through as a feature of the welcome their which they had made their famous train arriving near midnight was escape, and that Methodist missions met by nearly 300 girls from the were extending their ministry over orphanage founded 20 years before, some of the Terai population and and by a company of students from that there was singing of hymns and a flourishing Theological Seminary, holding of services by the humble besides natives without number, dwellers in the Jungle. members of the churches. The year 1906 was Jubilee year of Thrilling is the pell-picture the two Methodist missions in India. A gave of a feature of the return visit large company of Americans atto historic Lucknow. "To us," they tended. Mrs. Butler, tho 86, made wrote, "it was a surprise to see the the trip, and was naturally a central preparations made for open meetings figre in the celebration. At an age under the trees in one of the large when very few women would have centers of the city, municipal authori- gone beyond the shadow of their ties granting the privilege. This in own home she crossed the seas and Lucknow! And these were the people endured the fatigues of nearly five who resisted Havelock, and aimed to days of trying railway travel from destroy everything English and Tuticorin to Bareilly, that she might Christian in 1857! The sons and look upon this scene. Seated on the daughters of the Sepoy race holding ground there gathered before her an meetings in the center of the Sepoy audience of about 3,000 people- Capital 1 This in Lucknow 1 The fact some of the fruits of the prayers and kept constantly recurring to onr toils and tears of the years gone, minds. What would Havelock have while he by whose side she first enthought had this scene been foretold tered this city, was waiting over him! yonder, with the thousands who had already been garnered in. With a "On Sabbath, from seven o'clock clear voice which could be heard in in the morning till half-past ten at every corner of the great tent she night, service after service, at brief declared: intervals, filled up the hours. Never had we seen so many native Chris- "The idols He shall utterly abolish, tians together. The women ,were as and tho the Himalayas be five miles ready as the men. The locality and high and the ocean five miles deep, its antecedents made the scene seem this earth of ours shall yet be as full more wonderful than it could be of the glory of God as the face of elsewhere. At the sacramental ser- the deep is of water." vice there was no caste. The American, the English, the Sikh, the Ro- Heaven seemed very near to all in hilla, the Eurasian, along with the that sublime hour. Fifty years ago varieties of caste from the Brahmin there was no one to welcome the to the pariah, sharing in the ele- first missionary into this city. Now ments. The central figures at one 110t only are 3,000 native Christians table were a Rajah and his wife." on the ground, but' the' municipal au- The visitors saw that Christianity had thorities sent a most remarkable wel-

MOTHER OF TWO MISSIONS

come. This shows the wonderful from Burma, the men from the changes that God has wrought. Malay country, the men from the wilderness, the men from the far No building in the city of Bareilly hill country, even from Tibet, the chosen for the Jubilee was large men of the strong Marathi race and enough to contain all that wished the stout-hearted folk of Rajputana to attend; so great tents were joined joined with the men and women of together until a tabernacle was made the Hindu and Mohammedan provlarge enough to shelter 3,000, that inces of Northern India with one came to represent the membership accord in the song- of victory, it was of the Church of I90,000 with a con- like a second Pentecost!" stituency sufficient to bring up the number under the banner planted in One of the Jubilee events was the 1856, to a quarter of a million. laying of the cornerstone of a hospi- BUTLER MEMORIAL BUILDING IN BARODA, INDIA At the opening service of the tal bearing the name of Mrs. Butler, jubilee, when Mrs. Butler' entered, and another was a reception held in the great company sprang to its feet the palace of the Nawab of Rampore by a common impulse, while the who had offered it for that purpose Indian song leader flung his tam- -a significant contrast from the days bourine in the air and burst into of r856! the native Christian hymn, "Jai Prabu Yesu"-"Victory to Jesus." Not only at a Jubilee in the Ori~nt was Mrs. Butler a conspicuous figure, "This is wonderful," whispered but also in the climax meetings of one next to her. "To you it is the notable Jubilee of woman's forwonderful! To me it is a miracle!" eign missionary societies held in exclaimed Mrs. Butler. Speaking of 19IO, in New York City, when from the gathering afterward she said, the platform of the Fifth Avenue "As the men from Bengal, the men Presbyterian Church, her voice rang

out clear and clarion-like as she the heroic for the Christian is to closed a brief address on missionary be found in the foreign missionary work, exclaiming, "It's the grandest service. Will not the Church of to- thing in the world!" day be justified in looking to the The last appeal of Mrs. Butler for young women of rich opportunities India was written in her 93rd year for recruits for the world-wide war- and was made to the heroic spirit of fare? It is not to a sacrifice of death, young American women. She began but to the "living sacrifice" the Mas- with the following words: ter calls in thousands of places of "It was my fortune some time ago need, in the new China, the hoary to hear a student from India. at one India, behind the veiled doors of of our great universities, say that ?Ioslelll homes. "I beseech you, the British, by prohibiting suttee, therefore, present yuur bodies," your had extinguished the heroic spirit ill talents, your culture to this noble India. Suffice it to say that he was work, to be an acceptable sacrifice!

not a Christian. There waS little When I came into this world there sympathy with his views apparently, were few places where a woman and one was tempted to inquire if could work in special organized the heroic in national life depended service for the Church. To-day there on the immolation. of living beings is a place for every talent, every gift, on the funeral pyre, why the exercise for every character, to find its highest of that virtue had been confined riches in the ranks of the army of through the ages to one sex? the living God."

May we not farther presume that Mrs. Dutler's closing years were if such privi:ege had been conferred spent in her home in Newton Center, on the husband as well as on the M:assachusetts, which was the center wife, the spirit of the Hindu people of missionary inspiration to workers would have been strong enough to not only of her own church but of repel the invaders who, from the be- other denominations. Up to within ginning of history, have made the a year she was constant in her at- fair land of Hindustan their spoil? tendance at rileetings, and up to her The change which we see coming last days she used her pen and voice, all over the world in the removal of especialIy in the endeavor to lead age-long restrictions upon woman- others to enlist in missionary service.

hood doubtless ushers in a new era She was greatly gifted in prayer, when she shall have greater privileges and was called upon for such service and, therefore, infinitely greater re- at every missionary meeting she at- sponsibilities. While the home life tended. Any who ever heard her shall always be her deepest concern, thus talk with God, felt indeed that she will not be excused from a wider ,they had been in an "Upper Room."

sympathy which shall take in the Such saints never die, but after their civic needs and the world-wide en- translation live on here below, still terprises. It has been well said that doing over again their work of in- the greatest field for the exercise of spiration and helplessness.

the War In the

BY REV. GEORGE D. HERRICK, D.D. Formerly Missionary of the American Board in Constantinople ~~""'-'-"II?lJJEGINNING ~ith the and the third between Turkey and last ten weeks of 1912 Greece. Turkey is not expelled from there have been a se- Europe after all. She has pushed ries of events in the back her western border sixty· miles Turkish Empire that beyond the line drawn in London. have been unparalleled She once more possesses her ancient capital, Adrianople. in human history. Var, fierce, bloody, pitiless; the four Balkan The most important results that states victorious over their old op- have emerged from the horrible conpressor, the Turk, whom they almost fusion as the black clouds and the drove out of Europe; then "peace"- thunderings roll away are the followwhen lo! the victors began fighting ing: among themselves over the division of the spoils. The ferocity exhibited I. The sacrifice of human life has was more brutal than was exhibited been frightful. Little Montenegro, on either side in the first Balkan with a population of a quarter of ;. war. Even unarmed men, women, million, acknowledges a loss of 10,000 children, by thousands fell victims to men, one in 25 of the entire populathe blood-lust of men gone mad In tion. Reckoning the population of an unchecked riot of wild carnage. our country at 90,000,000, imagine a war lasting a few months, and think The Turks have complained, with what it would mean if 3,600,000 much reason, that the Great Powers young men were to be killed m batof "Christian" Europe make treaties tie! If the loss of men disabled for with the weaker states but to break life be added to those killed, the them the moment their own interests sacrifice of Bulgaria in human life fail to be served by those states, es- falls little short of that of Montepecially when the states in question negro in proportion to the population are Moslem. of the country. The same holds true of Servia. The losses of the Turkish In July the Turks seized the op- army in battle and by disease are portunity to set in motion a large, probably a quarter of a million. newly organized army, and by forced marches crossed the Enos-Media line The number of young men, the and, in defiance of the mandate of flower of their several races, lost to Europe, retook and permanently oc- peaceful industry by these wars, will cupied Kirkkilisse and Adrianople. reach close on a million, a ghastly result, a frightful devastation. Then followed three peace settlements, the first between Rumania, 2. All the states involved in the Bulgaria, Servia and Greece, the sec- war are now on the ragged edge ond between Turkey and Bulgaria, of bankruptcy. It will take many

years, even if the bitter hatreds fos- radical reforms in their gOYernmental tered by the strife are held in leash, administration, in education, and in for those peoples to recover financial- developing the resources of their ly from the effects of the flghting. country. They will urge very co- 3. The actual suffering all throu·gh gently upon the Powers of Europe South-Eastern Europe and Asia consent to two changes which will Minor, as the direct result of the materiaUy increase their revenue, war, is quite beyond the conception of viz., the increase of custom dues from Americans. "There was not a house II . to IS per cent., and the abolition where there was not one dead.·' Yes, of all foreign post offices. The lat- and in many houses, not one but two ter can be done only by the appoint- and three; in one house, seven vacant ment of foreigners as the heads of places are reported. The desolated their post office at Constantinople and homes are filled with mourning. in the seaboard towns.

Gaunt famine follows in the wake of The reform of the judiciary will be war. most difficult and will take most time.

4. The folly of all congratulatior. The point of danger will Le in the over the "Christian" alliance of the unwillingness of the Young Turks to Balkan states has become manifest. accord to their Christian fellow-coun- The ambition of Bulgaria to domi- trymen that degree of leadership nate the Balkan peninsula has been which their intelligence calls for, rudely shattered. and respect for that reasonable 5. Greece has gained more and lost national aspiration which those illus- less than any of the other states in~ trious races, the Armenian and the volved in the struggle. Salonika is Greek, have long and vainly claimed, a very rich city; and even if Greece but which can not longer be stifled.

does not possess all the islands she It is hoped that those at the helm will claim, yet her influence as a sea- will see in time the rocks on which power on the Mediterranean is here- the ship of state is in peril pf being after to be reckoned with in the solu- wrecked.

tion of Mediterranean problems. The recent action of the govern- 6. The year has been a year of ment, conciliatory toward the Arabs, crisis for the Ottoman Empire and action in pleasing contrast to the un- for the various peoples of that land. wise course adopted three years ago The first Balkan war left Turkey de- , in both Arabia and Albania, may be feated, humiliated, despairing. Worse taken as a pledge of an honest pur- than that. The comparatively small pose on the part of those in power number of liberal and enlightened to respect the national desires of the Turks were split into two factions various races that compose the popu- and fell into bitter recriminations lation of the empire.

among each other. Had Russia had What do these great events fore- a free hand, Ottoman dominion would shadow touching the progress of the have ended last summer. Kingdom of God?

The Turks know that their national Greece and Servia have always existence hinges on their speedy suc- been intolerant toward missionary cess in actually accomplishing several work, even educational work in mis-

sionary hands; and in the expulsion Christianity as being near to the of American missionaries from places Christianity which was theirs cen- they once held in Albania they have turies ago. The opportunity and the been acting in character. pi'obably call to American Christians is unique; the institution established by Dr. it is urgent; it is full of promise of House at Salonica will be undis- speedy and large results.

turbed, as it is "agricultural and in- In Turkey itself we face conditions dustrial," but evangelical teaching in affecting missionary work very differ- this institute will have to be conduct- ent but equally beckoning with those ed with great tact. Elsewhere, serious in Albania. In Turkey the plant in limitations may be expected. Bul- American hands is very large, and it . garia has welcomed educational work is Americans who hold the field. The by American missionaries and ha.> missionary and educational force is been qualifiedly friendly toward their large. All strategic centers are oc~ evangelistic work. Whether she will cupied. American high schools, col- allow greater freedom for effort in leges, hospitals are all full to over- behalf of the Moslems remaining flowing. These institutions are nt1m~ within her borders remains to be bered by scores. In recent years seen. Moslems in large numbers are among When we turn to Albania the out- their patrons. Relief work adminis- look totally changes. The Albanians, tered by American hands in real sym- both Moslem and Christian, have long pathy amid the appalling suffering since united in a common desire and following the war has won the hearts determination to use their own lan- of the Turks. They know the su- guage rather than the Turkish as the preme need for their people, of men- principal language in their schools. tal and moral education and they are They welcomed the proclamation of looking to Americans for their mod- constitutional government in 1908 in els and their guides. They are read- the confident hope of now attaining ing our Bible and other Christian their purpose. The folly of the books, and are ready to listen to the "Young Turks" in Albania is writ Gospel message as never before. The large on the pages of modern history. war has been indescribably, incon- All is changed WIth the erection of ceivably fearful in its carnage and Albania into a free state. The people the suffering it has caused. But we are grateful to Italy and to Austria. see reason to believe these sufferings But this is with a certain reserve, for are opening men's eyes, in all races, they very well know that self-interest to the supreme value of moral and is at the bottom of Italian and Aus- spiritual good. Behold the door trian friendship. To Americans they thrown wide open by those newly turn without reserve. They appeal to awakened peoples to their friends of us to establish schools and hospitals the "Vest, especially t(l American among them. Some of them go fur- Christians. The chance offered us for ther and declare themselves ready to spiritual investments that yield a abandon Islam, forced upon them by hundred-fold is as great, certainly, in the Turks, and accept Protestant the Nearer as in the Farther East.

A Recent rrour In

BY REV. PHINEAS B. KENNEDY, DURAZZO, ALBANIA Missionary of the Am,erican Board o-.:so……mN the Dibra district, We were conducted safely over where we recently dis- the mountains within the Servian tributed about 450 lines under a white flag of truce and liras ($2,000) to the saw the Albanians on the one stde suffering people, my and the Servians on the other fol- wife and I were royal- lowing our movements with their field-glasses. As no intercommunily entertained by the Albanians of cation had been allowed for some the Tirana, Kellos, Chela and Matt time between the Servians and the districts through which we passed. people of the Mott district, we were Rarely has a foreigner been seen the first to pass over those mounin these beautiful mountainous sec- tains for several months. tions, and Mrs. Kennedy enjoyed the unique distinction of being the first After being held by the Servians foreign woman who had ever en- for four days, under suspicion of tered the Mott district. The women being the political agents of Austria, of the harems were deeply interest- we were forbidden to go to the Luma ed in her clothing, her eyeglasses, the district, where fighting soon after gold filling in her teeth, etc. The took place, but were allowed with a Albanians manifested a natural mounted police and two foot-soldiers strength of character and self-con- to visit some of the 18 burned viltrol with which the drinking of the lages in the neighborhood of Dibra. foreigners at the seaport restaurants V{e found these villages entirely is a shameful contrast. Altho en- burned and the starving people livtirely Moslem they unitedly stand ing in thatched enclosures. They against the use of alcoholic liquors, were absolutely destitute and much and also argued sensibly concerning less did they possess guns! The entheir rights and the proposed boun- tire districts of Gustiva, Reka and daries of Albania. Day by 'day they Kaza have been destroyed by the Serproved the sturdiness of their con- vians, who burned 3,185 houses amI victions 'by sending out delegated slew II,477 Albanians (Moslems), bands of hardy men with their rifles The consequence is that the whole to hold back the further unjust en- population of 80,000 is pressing this croachment of the Servians. They way. Already over 25,000 are in Elbaclaimed that they had killed no Ser- san and at least 20,000 are in Tirana, vian prisoners, while the Servians All the mosques, schools and public had shot their captured Albanians. buildings are crowded and Mrs. Ken- They appealed to us for cooperation nedy telegraphs me from Elbasan in establishing schools and enlight- that the need for relief funds is disening influences which they frankly tressing. In Tirana I found the acknowledged they need. conditions the Same-every available place cro'..-d~d and villagers with Should war break out between their earthly belongings on their Greece and Turkey the matter of the backs, constantly coming in! About southern boundary of Albania might half of these people are dependent be further delayed . The persecuupon us for bread. The local gov- tion of the Albanians in Kortcha ernment is doing commendably, but by the Albanian members of the is expecting us to cooperate with it. Greek Orthodox Church, assisted by Day by ' day this problem wiI! grow the army and church authorities, is more pressing until the Servians a parody on the real work of the oBuda))est AUS T R A HUN G A THE BALKAN PENINSULA BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR withdraw an.-l the boundary com- Church. Why the Commission almission has given to these Albanians lows the Greek forces to increase their own Albanian territory. This their numbers in the- Albanian city question, as any other, if not settled of Kortcha, instead of vacating the justly, will not be settled. city and governing the city with a neutral force of soldiers is difficult The political outlook is encourag- to I1nderstand. ing if the Commission of Control will accornplisb soon its high service Through the kindness of Mr. of justly and wisely controlling the Charles Crane of Chicago a Board present unsettled conditions as an of Trustees has been elected in advisory board and not as destroy- America for the purpose of developing the initiative of the Albanians. ing the Kortcha Girls' Boardin~-

school. As soon as God opens the and which was forcibly taken from way we shall return to Kortcha to us by the Turkish Government on cooperate in this plan and in re- the ground that they needed it for opening our home as ,a boys' board- military barracks. It is true that ing-home. Under God's blessing, we the 500 liras which we paid for this hope that this may grow in its in- land was received back from the fluem;e for encouraging boys toward Turkish Government by our purlives of scholarship and usefulness. chasing agent. However, our claim Several boys have entered Robert is that the Turkish Government for- College from this school. feited its right to take this land from us as the proposed barracks The provisional Albanian Govern- were never built. They were workment has unexpectedly taken the po- ing against us because we befriended sition that the Krasta property be- the opprest Albanians and promised longs to the present Albanian Gov- to open an institution where the Alernment. This land we purchased some three years ago for 500 liras * banian language would be taught.

India A.D. 1913 BY HERBERT ANDERSON, CALCUTTA HE year 191 3 opened Seventy-two thousand miles of tele- graph lines flash 12,000,000 messages mT with the shadow of a about the Empire, and 58,000 miles tragedy over the Em- of irrigation canals have made 48,- pire. The anarchIst at- 000,000 acres of unprofitable jungle tempt to take the Vice- and sandy wastes to blossom with fer- roy's life at the Delhi tility. These figures betoken the in- Durbar failed as d llnrder. It 'iUC- fluences of Western civilization upon ceeded where its perpetrators least the waking Orient and are a magdesired success-in calling forth ~pOll­ nificent tribute to administrative taneotls, wide-spread, genuine loyalty power. They heIp us to understand to the British Empire from every cor- the stir in India's industrial life. ner of the land. The political sky, They explain the growing volume of still clouded, has been clearer ever emigration from village to city. Missince, and the cal1se of missions aided sions are faced by the power and thereby. peril of the city problem.

This has been a year of excep- We have evidences of the same tional material prosperity and good silent progress in social reform. harvests have brought forth rapid Without any outstanding event to progress in the Empire's economic rivet the gaze 011 personality or place, and industrial life. Thirty-five thou- Indian women are entering the land sand miles of railways are carrying of liberty. Government is spending 350,000,000 of passengers every year. large sums of money on female edu- cation, and each year witnesses an 4 Any funds sent through the American Board of Boston to W, W. Peet, of Constantinople, will be duly forwarded to me for this work.

A. D. 1913

increase by thousands of girls attend- permanent results will follow. The ing school. Our cities show more leaders. of Islam have been drawn women permitted the freedom of the together in their distresses and have parks, streets, and places of amuse- founded a Pan-Moslem League to ment. In the inner circles of home secure the strength of unity in belife, too, debas'ing customs concern- half of their faith. This stir of ing marriage and widowhood are giv- Islamic life has influenced the policy ing way before the light of fuller of government to an appreciable deknowledge and a growing reverence gree, and the Christian missionary for personality. can not but feel the trend of events is fraught with peril. India has been profoundly moved in her religious thought life. The A larger circulation of God's word growing activities of the reform sects has marked I913 than in any recent indicate both stir and progress. The year. Temperance reform has been Samaj movements, vedic, vedantic, urged upon the notice of the govand unitarian press forwarded into ernment, and His Excellency, Lord Hinduism and Buddhism in their Hardinge, has been the first viceroy preaching of a noble idea of God, in sympathetically to receive a deputatheir demand for a noble ideal of tion of temperance leaders, urging life and duty. "We shall S0011 need the restriction of the consumption of to change some of the essentials of both drinks and drugs. Social evils our faith," writes the leader of a su~h as those connected with the strict Hindu sect. "Social service" white slave traffic have been d,eaH has been a non-Christian watchword with by legal enactments inflicting during the past twelve months. In more drastic penalties on wrongcalamities such as floods, at vast doers. The influence of theosophy gatherings such as ruchas, and at especially in Madras has been furspecial places of pilgrimage bands of ther undermined by the proceedings young men of various creeds and against Mrs. Besant in regard to her races have sacrificed time and C0111- protege Alegone. The roll call to fort and money t6 be useful to their higher service includes such wellfellows. Thus it may be said that known names as Dr. Irving of Allaa larger vision of brotherhood has habad, and Dr. Huntley of Agra and come to many, unconsciousl), guiding it has been an exceptional year for the destiny of non-Christian religious the invaliding home of missionaries, thought life in India to-day. Mis- with a consequent lack of staff to sions in their presentation of the Gos- supply stations already occupied. pel of Jesus are the unac'knowleelged prophets of this eva,ugel of the re- This has been a great year for form movements to the Hinduism of Christian missions. It is too early past centuries. yet to be able to chronicle the numer- ical increase in baptisms from non- We have witnessed a renaissance Christian communities. In view of of the Moslem faith in India. The our present-day movements, of the events around Constantinople have deprest and outcast communities, we influenced the Indian situation very should anticipate the greatest record largely. It is too early to say what of any past year in additions by

baptisms to the church. Presbyte- soon after these words are in print rians, Anglicans, Methodists and Bap- the National Council of Mis.sions for tists are all rejoicing in these acces- the whole Empire-representative of sions. "Coming, coming; yes, they the variotls provincial councils—will are." But the year will be more be sitting to study the problems of memorable for the spirit of fellow- Indian missions from the standpoint ship in Christ that has come to birth. of the whole enterpri:'e. All the Dr. Mott's Indian conferences are forces, Protestant and Syrian, will historic. The Edinburgh Conference be cooperating as never before, for Continuation Committee has justifIed the spread of the Redeemer's King..

its appointment wondrously. Sent by dom. Who can estimate the signifi- that body-and so coming with the cance of this wondrous advance?

credentials of the leaders of the How energy may be conserved, the home-base-he set before the mission- frontal attack on non-Christian faiths aries of the Empire in the early reorganized, the Indian Church given months of the year the possibilities opportunities to develop all latent of cooperation, the need of councils powers of sacrifice and ·service, In- to focus policy and methods, and de- dian leaders thrust forth to take more velop missionary union in institu- responsible and prominent positions tional efforts such as hospitals, col- in both church and missionary ac- leges, schools, evangelistic campaigns tivity, to what extent women ·swork and literature. The seed fell into needs greater emphasis and a larger prepared ground. The Master Him- proportionate expenditure, how litera- self had preceded His messenger. The ture 'and education, medical and in- leaders of the forces in the Empire dustrial effort can be made better to were found to be one already in serve the great evangelistic ideal- prayer life, in desire for fuller knowl- these are the matters to which im- edge of each other, and for the ef- mediate attention will now be given; fective joining up of scattered agen- and that no longer as a divided force cies. So the year closes with per- but a force in which Christ's' prayer manent preliminary organization ac- has visible answer, "That they may complished. Bengal and Assam, Be- be one" . "that the world may har and Orissa, Bombay, Burma, believe."

Mid-India, Punjab, South India, and It is not too optimistic an estimate the United Provinces are the eight to say that 1914 opens with the op- areas into which India and Burma portunity of becoming the grandest have been divided. Ceylon will prob- year of modern missionary history.

ably come in as the ninth. All these year of modern missionary history.

areas have already elected their rep- Will we make the opportunity a real- resentative councils of missions, and ity?

"It is much more difficult to pray for missions than to give to them. We can only really pray for missions if we habitually lead a life of prayer; and a life of prayer can only be led if we have entered into a life of communion with God."-The late Prof. Gustav Warneck, of Halle.

Burma-Present and

BY REV. II. n. COCHRANE, PYAPON, BURMA Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society, ~T HEl JUDSON CEN- indicate results at least equaling any- TEN ARY takes first thing in the past. place among events of religious significance Missionary socIetIes working' JIl for I913. The Ameri- Burma are, American Baptist, Ameri- . can Baptist Mission is can Methodist, English Wesleyan, S. P. G. and Roman Catholic- attempting to raise on the field a cen- American Baptists with their 185 mis- tenary offering of Rs. roo,ooo (over . sionaries on the field, 900 native $33,(00), to be contributed chiefly by churches, about 7o,cxxi church-mem- native Christians. This fund is to bers, and 25,000 pupils in mission be used for direct evangelistic work, schools, being by far the strongest. Christian education, and printing of The largest ingathering during the religious literature. The great cen- year has been among the tribes on the tennial celebration is to be held in China border, where converts have December, at Rangoon, in connection been gained by thousands during the with the annual convention of the past decade.

Baptist Mission. A good number of The Rangoon Baptist College has noted Baptists from America will be made rapid growth, including the present. One hundred and twenty- completion of a fine building for the three mIssIonary sOCIetIes having high-school department, and re- work in India have been invited to ceipt of a gift of $ro,ooo from two send a representative. After the donors in America for a building for meetings tours will be made to points the European school.

of mIssIonary interest throughout The Baptist Mission has opened a Burma, including, of course, the sites new station at Pyapon in the great of Judson's imprisonment, Ava and Irrawaddy delta among a half-mil- Aungbinle. N ative Christ~ans are lion Buddhists.

now engaged in a movement to have One of the strongest missionaries, the site of Judson's prison at Ava set apart for evangelistic work, has marked by a suitable monument. conducted successful campaigns at The "Win One" movement has led several mission stations, in connec- to greater emphasis on personal work, tion with the local missionary. Other resulting in an increase in number of societies, for which the writer is not converts, and in brighter spiritual life so competent to speak, have been in the churches and young peoples' pushing their work with great energy societies. and a good measure of success.

Statistics for 1913 are not yet Many thousands, who have not yet available, but reports from churches broken away from the ancestral re- and evangelists throughout the year ligion, have received Bible instruc-

tion, with a more enlightened con- influence among the people at large ception as to what Christianity really has been over-estimated. In the is, and a weakening of faith in the writer's estimation it is not so much old. There are many who contend a revival of Buddhism as a frantic that education, under Christian in- attempt to stay the tide of Chrisfluences, has been a more potent in· tianity. The Buddhist Young Men's fluence for good than "direct evan- Association, Buddhist secular schools, gelization." It is certain that a new etc., are but attempts to ape mission- Burma is rising, a new generation of ary methods, but really having little men and women who are, in some religious significance. That the commeasure, coming to think for them- mon people never have shown so selves. The British Indian Govern- much interest in Christianity as now, ment is administering the affairs of is the universal verdict of Christian Burma more and more effectively, workers. Missions in Burma are and by officials of higher type, secur., now experiencing the "penalty of sucing to all greater freedom of action cess." Leadership is the great need, as well as of thought. and will be for years to come. This means more men, more money, and The so-called "Revival of Bud- more prayer. dhism" is still in evidence, tho its Opening the Great Closed Land BY KEV. JAMES C. OGDEN, BATANG, TIBET, WEST CHINA Missionary of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society ~T IBET proper is still pedia Britannica, on India paper. The ~ clos~d to the Christian significance of this visit, and of the mISSIOnary, but the royal exchange of gifts is of no small present trend is toward importance. religious and political autonomy, with a modi- Prior to this visit of the Dalai fied policy of exclusion. According Lama to England, Tibet and 11onto the latest reports, the Dalai" Lama, golia had declared independence, and the Pope of Tibetan Buddhism, is in had mutually agreed to assist each England. His presents to the King other in maintaining independence were weapons and saddlery, and are and in propagating Buddhism. Since now in the British Museum. The the recent revolution, China has been royal gifts to the Dalai Lama in- unable to control these two depencluded examples of the best British dencies, and Russia has made a decorative and applied arts. Among treaty with, Mongolia in which the these were a fine telescope, with autonomy of the latter is guaranteed. which the Dalai Lama might vary the routine of the Potala in Lassa by There is to be a conference in Lonwatching the heavenly bodies, and don regarding the Tibetan situation, the eleventh edition of the Encyclo- for the purpose of forming a new treaty with China, which, while recog- nizing the suzerainty of the Republic,

THE GREAT CLOSED LAND

will give the Dalai Lama full ad- ed with his white-faced brother, and ministrative autonomy, and will pro- discovered' his own weakness, and tect his territory from future military narrow policy of seclusion. He no, expeditions. These provisions have doUbt knows that these Englishmen been tentatively accepted in Peking. could have looted and demolished his The Dalai Lama shows willingness to sacred city, but for some reason did agree to proposals which will ce111ent not. his relations with the government of India, and will eJ1able him to main- Following this expedition; China, tain free intercourse with the power inspired by jealousy, began her bloody operations in Eastern Tibet in 1905, A MUD HOUSE IN EfSTERN TIBET, USED AS A MISSIONARY'S HOME that gave him refuge when he fled and carried this war into Tibet before the troops of West China. proper. The Dalai Lama fled to In- The troublesome questions in Eastern dia, and was given refuge in Dar- Tibet, where hostilities between Chi- jeeling. Chinese schools were opened nese and Buddhist leaders have been in eastern Tibet, the telegraph was recently resumed will have the atten- built through Tachienlu and Batang, tion of this conference. and was completed to Chambdo in August, 1911. The Chinese Imperial The Younghusband expedition into Post Office was opened in Batang in Lassa in 1904 was a great factor in May, and in August a route was making Tibet known to the world. opened through Tibet via Chambdo, The Dalai Lama, the politico-religious Lassa, and Gyantse to Darjeeling in ruler of Tibet, thus became,acquaint-

A MISSION SCHOOL CLASS OF TIBETAN BOYS India. Ninety thousand square miles missions planning to work in Tibet in Eastern Tibet were open to mis- and when hostiliti,es cease they will sionary activity, and missionaries and begin workon the borders. Successtravelers explored and mapped this ful missions for: Tibetans have been territory. The Tibetans were vecy j:Qtlductetl .inLeh, L:ittle Tibet; in friendly because the Dalai ' Lama w~t~, protected by England, and mis- It. LARGE TIBETAN PRAYER·WHEEI. sionaries could have traveled free'ly in Tibet proper but for the feSfric- tions placed upon such traver by China, England and Russia. These restrictions were probably wise at that time because of the danger from hostile bands of robbers.

The Chinese revolution came ' and ' made it necessary for Chinese soldiers to be withdrawn from Tibet. Missionaries at Tachienlu and Batang were forced to leave their wellequipped stCltions. The Dal~i Lama again took charge, declared 'war against China, and drove the Chitlese out of Tibet. After China became a republic, she again sent an expedition into Eastern Tibet, but England protested against Chinese soldiers entering Tibet proper.

At present there are a number of

SITUATION IN CHINA

Darjeeling, India; in TachienJu and tive effort in evangelizing this "roof Batang, Eastern Tibet. Roman of the world." Interest is growing. Catholics are reported to be compara- Money is being given in larger tively strong in Eastern Tibet. The amounts, more men and women are combined efforts of missionaries, gov- under appointment and others are ernment officials in India, Indian preparing. One woman has pledged scholars, and others, have produced enough money to build chapels in some very good grammars and dic- six central stations and twenty-four tionaries of the Tibetan language, out-stations. What a challenge! and Genesis, Exodus, Psalms, and Large plans are being made. Great the complete New Testament have things are about to come to pass in been translated. Tracts, books and this arch of Asia. Monasteries must hymn books have been published and be turned int.::> schools and colleges. have been distributed and sold in the Christ will conquer Buddha. We beprincipal cities and towns. lieve that the opening of this closed land IS at hand. There is now a plan for coopera- The Situation In ~ China DY REV. P. W. PITCHER, AMOY, CHINA _Missionary of the Reformed Church in America ITH Dr. Sun Vat-Sen, civil war. So the situation is not so IWI the patriot and hero alarming, at least to an optimist, as of I9II, in exile, with might first appear.

Yuan Shih-Kai, the We recognize the disappointing situation, but let us give the Chinese .1Sl first elected President, credit for what they are trying to do, and at the same time give them from all accounts not our encouraging and sympathetic sup- port. These disturbances will right heartily in sympathy with republican themselves in time, but surely there is sufficient to arouse a spirit of hopeideas, and with a National Assembly fulness. Just think of what has taken place-the tremendous change and Senate split up into demoralizing within the past two years. The 1110st startling and 1110St indicative change factions, the situation in China is dis- of all came in that announcement of this republican government when appointing. through its National Assembly it ap- pealed to all Christian churches in But, it is a big step from an abso- China for prayer in its behalf, on April 27, 1913. It was, we believe, iute monarchy to a free and inde- but another and most convincing manifestation of the spiritual power pendent republic. We should not of Christianity which has taken hold of that people-a power that has been marvel too greatly if those who try to take it in a brief period should Llunder and fall. Such a movement takes time. After all, what is hap- pening in China is perfectly natural, and more or less a repetition of some of our own and probably forgotten history, i.e., the strife and weary seven years of forming our own Con- stitution-ancl the still more trying years of readj ustment after our cruel

working itself out in splendid Chris-' year to the Chinese, bringing, it is tian leadership during recent years. believed, the Gospel message b 20,- And we will not and do not believe 000,000, which in twenty years at that power is on the receding crest the same rate will bring the entire of a wave, but rather its movement 400,000,000 in touch with the Chrisis still forward. tian Gospel. Who can estimate the momentum of such a fact! The Chi- Such movements as were inaugu- nese arc calling for the teaching of rated in 19II do not go backward. Christ. Formerly Christian schools Indeed, 1913 witnessed a mighty for- and hospitals were accepted or tolerward momentum, especially among ated, while that for which they stood the student class-who are to be the was either ignored or despised and future leaders of that great nation. efforts made to stamp it out. But In the conference conducted by Dr.

CHINESE CHILDREN WHO LIKE THE MISSIOl'!"ARIES Matt and Mr. Sherwood E}ldy, over since the revolution, Christianity has 137,000 students listened to the Gos-' been seen in its true light. It is pel message and other helpful lec- inseparable from such institutionstures. Hundreds surrendered them- an integral part of them. It is clearly selves to Christ and to Christian ser- to those men who were avowed vice at the different meetings held in Christians that the Chinese owe their fourteen important centers, while deliverance from the petrified cu,;- over seven thousand pledged them- toms and procedure of the past. selves "not only to Bible study and The future we believe is bright daily prayer, but in most instances with promise. May our Christianity consented to enroll in Bible classes." "be equal to the task." May the Another enlightening and encourag- Christianity of all the churches "go ing item is that the .American Bible to the limit of devotion to the plane Society has sold 2,000,000 Bibles this of Christ."

Lure of Recent

· Literature* BY REV. A. WOODRUFF HALSEY, D.D.) NEW YORK Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign :Missions, U.S.A.

HE mission book is a and dominate the whole Christian fJT missionary. The story of missions as told in conception. recent literature has a ' charm all its own. In "It makes some difference whether we look upon the support of mis- sions as one among many manifes- ~ a large number of vol- tations of a spirit of charity, whether we look upon charity itself as one umes treating directly or indirectly of among many fruits of the spirit, or whether we look upon charity as the work of missions it is difficult to select any number which would be the nature of the spirit and mission- of equal value to all lovers of mis- ary charity as the manifestation of sions. The work done by the mis- the spirit in a world which needs sionary is so extensive, so varied, so above all things redeeming love. And world-wide, that it is not possible for it makes some difference whether we look upon redeeming love as active anyone individual to keep in touch toward us only, or as active in us with all the volumes that relate to the toward others; whether we receive a spirit of redeeming love embracing great movements now going on in the world which is active in us, and non-Christian lands as a result of the proceeds from us, or a spirit of rediligent, Christ-like work of the mis- deeming love which proceeds from sionary of the Cross. God taus and stops there. . . .

A few books chosen almost at ran- "The natural man does not desire the revelation of Christ to the world dom from the goodly number which and in the world. He may desire have recently come to my study table, progress, but not Christ. The desire set forth in clear light the work and for Christ, the desire of Christ in worth of the Christian missionary. the soul, is a certain sign of the The Heart of the Matter presence of the Spirit of Christ. If then a man finds this in his own 1. Missions to-day are causing the soul, he is convinced of the reality church at home to see the heart and of the Holy Spirit's indwelling in his own sou1." core of the Gospel.

A volume just from the press, en- These are well-chosen words which titled "Essential Missionary Princi- the Church of to-day needs to can ples," by Roland Allen, deals en- over.

tirely with this aspect of the mis- Rev. James S. Dennis, D.D., in his sionary movement. In a series of recent volume, "The Modern Call of clean-cut forceful chapters the author Missions," emphasizes another as- brings the reader face to face with pect of the same great truth. The the essential principles which underlie book is replete with illustrations 'These books may be ordered through the REVIEW. A list of publishers and prices is appended

drawn from the author's encyclopedic can race. After a series of chapters knowledge of the modern missionary dealing exhaustively with the whole movement, of how the simple ele- manner of the life of the African, ments of the Gospel are operative in his chapter on "The Progress of on all classes and conditions of men. Christian Missions," Mr. Harris In a striking paragraph he writes; writes: "In the sphere of discovery and "The day has gone by when the exploration; in the development of world could dismiss Christian misbackward races, in the molding of sions in West Africa with a connational life, in the shaping of politi- temptuous sneer, for Christian miscal destiny, in the reformation of sionary effort with its eloquent facts, administrative methods, the training definitely established, can no longer of public servants, the reconstruction be ignored. Of all the forces which of judicial systems, especially among have made for real progress in West barbaric races, the opening of com- Africa, Christianity stands some say mercial doors, the promotion of inter- first, others second, but none can national diplomacy and commercial place it last. To it belongs primarily intercourse, and in the ethical and in point of time at least, the ecosocial regeneration of ancient com- nomic prosperity of the Gold Coast. munities of mankind still moving To it belongs, almost entirely, the slowly and wearily toward a higher credit for the native clerks and educivilization, missions have wrought cated men on the coast. To it the marvelously, and we will discover natives owe their knowledge of usemore and more as time goes on their ful crafts. To one section of the value along these lines of influence." Christian Church at least belongs the honor of having on the spot saved Books of the Down the Kongo natives from extirpation."

2. The mission book of former This has to do with the West days emphasized the low estate of Coast of Africa. The illuminating man. We do not deny that it was volume by Donald Fraser entitled a truthful picture which the poet drew when he declared that in many "Winning Primitive People··-An Aclands "every prospect pleases and count of 16 Years' Work among the only man is vile." In reading more recent books, however, one is imprest War-like Tribes of Central Africa," with the Psalmist's conception of man, "Thou hast made him a little sets before us a series of graphic lower than the angels," and with the possibilities in man. The theme of pictures of transformations wrought many a recent missionary volume among the lowest tribes of darkest might well be: Africa and of a development of na- "Down in the human heart Crusht by the tempter, tive character which a few genera- Feelings lie buried that tions ago would have been declared Grace has restored." impossible. Such a volume as "Dawn in Dark- "As a Christian missionary, I must est Africa," by John H. Harris, is a record the extraordinary advance revelation of the mentality, spiritual- which our religion has made, for, in it, I believe, the hope of the conity and possibility of the whole Afri- tinent lies. While I acknowledge the blessing of commerce, and good gov- ernment, and civilization, I can not see that these by themselves will ever lift a savage people into permanent and progressive prosperity, or eman-

LURE OF RECENT MISSIONARY LITERATURE

cipate them from the degrading su- pamphlet, issued by this worthy perstitions of animism, which only "fellow-helper" of the missionary, enmake the veneer of Western life lu-, dicrous and dangerous. In these re- titled, "Some Roads Toward Peace, 0'

gions the progress that has been is found much stimulating missionary made is built upon a Christian foun- information. "Some Roads To- dation, and the removing of old ward Peace" is the report presented magical and communistic restraints by Charles W. Eliot, President has been accompanied by the crea- Emeritus of Harvard University, who tion of a Christian law and con- writes: science. There is now a church with- in our mission with 8,200 members in "It is impossible for the visiting full communion, besides 8,500 cate- American with any experience in adchumens and 13,000 enquirers. In ministration and its normal difficulthese, through the power of living ties not to sympathize with the few religion, and its continual creation of hundred men who have taken their a new social conscience, and its .ac- lives in their hands and risked their tivity in propagating itself, will be whole careers in trying to build up found the guarantee of the future." a free government in China. What The chapter on "The Wisdom of American could fail to sympathize the People," in which are given racy with men in such a dangerous posi- tion, trying to do this immense sernative proverbs, stories and wise say- vice to such a people? Yet during ings, reveals a mental capacity in my stay in China I seldom met Octhe African that is alluring and in- cidentals long resident in the country spiring. in diplomatic, consular, commercial, "Dan Crawford," in his unique or industrial positions, who manifestvolume, "Thinking Black," and in his numerous addresses delivered in ed genuine sympathy with the revo- America and England during the lution, or any hopeful belief in the possibility of creating a free govern- ment in China. It seemed to me that year 1913, has dealt largely upon this lack of sympathy and hope was the mentality of the African. It has partly due to the fact that most fortaken many years for the Chri~tiall eigners in China live there for years world to recognize that these savages, without making the acquaintance of a single Chinese lady or gentleman. cannibals, men of the forest, of the The merchant may conduct for many jungle, possess mental characteristics years a successful and widespread and moral distinctions of no mean business in China without knowing a order. It is the missionary book word of tIle language, or making the which is revealing to us the possibili- acquaintance of any of his customers. In the clubs organized and resorted ties of the native peoples of the to by English, Americans and other world. foreigners in the Chinese cities, no The Hope for the World Chinese person is eligible for mem:- 3. Each group of new volumes bership. It is the missionaries, which treat of world-wide problems teachers, and other foreigners who labor in China with some philanthropserve to emphasize that humanity's ic purpose, who really learn some- "only hope lies" in the Gospel. The thing about the Chinese. They get volumes issued by the Carnegie En- into real contact and friendlyreladowment for International Peace tions with the Chinese, both educated can hardly be designated "mission and uneducated; while the foreign business men probably remain ignoliterature," and yet in the very latest rant of Chinese conditions and quali-

ties, and Chinese hopes and aspira- comes with the new republic is the tions. The ground for holding to fact that the man who has engineered the hope that it may be possible to the revolution is a Christian. He create a free government in China has the most loyal devotion of the is that the Chinese deserve to be men that have risked their lives with free because they are industrious, him. His influence is seen in the frugal, fecund, enduring, and honest. little loss. of human life that has China will need a long period of re- been allowed by the revolutionaries.

construction, and the Vvestern world There never has been in all the his- ought to stand by China with pa- tory of China such a bloodless revo- tience, forbearance, and hope while lution as this last one. It must be she struggles with her tremendous an omen of gladness to the whole social, industrial, and political prob- nation that Jesus has at last come to lems. She needs at this moment the take His place in the councils of the Chinese equivalents of Benjamin em p ire. Kang-hi, a celebrated Franklin, George Washington, and heathen emperor, in his great im- Alexander Hamilton. May she find perial dictionary that has been in the them." hands of the scholars of China for President Eliot makes very clear the last two centuries and a half, de- fined Him as being 'the Savior uf that he regards the Chinese as a the life of the world.' This silent, great race, "industrious, frugal, fe- unconscious prophecy is at length cund, enduring, and honest," but it being fulfilled in the new thoughts is the missionary who comes into about the preciousness of life that real contact with them, and it is to have come with the dawn of the new the missionary that China looks for republic." help. Yuan Shi-Kai in a personal conversation with President H. H. The thought of the Christian world Lowrie, of the Peking University, is now centered on China, many of said: "I am not a Christian, I am a the denominations are raising large Confucianist, but only Christian sums of money for the extension of ethics can save China, our morality the work; one denomination, the is not sufficient for the crisis." Presbyterian North, having already secured more than $300,000, as an Another volume, entitled "Men and additional sum for China. Manners of Modern China," by J. Macgowan, has numerous illustra- Books on China are mUltiplying. tions tending to show the latent PGS- The very last one which has come to sibilities in the Chinese race and yet my table,. "China Revolutionized," by making clear that China's only hope John Stuart Thompson, is full of good is a civilization permeated with the things. Some idea of the opinion of spirit of the Gospel. Mr. Macgowan the author 01" the subject under conhas lived in China for So years, and sideration can be seen from the folaccording to his own statement has lowing statement taken from the lived with almost every class in the chapter, entitled "Religious and l'iiscountry. His private conviction after sionary China." So years of close association with "I want to write a word of com- mendation of the missionary, for de- traction by some in high places, and this great people is given in the clos- by some authors who write as they ing paragraph of his valuable volume. fly and flit at the ports, is not un- common. The attacks upon missions "One element of strength that in Henry Norman's "Peoples and

THE LURE OF RECENT MISSIONARY LITERATURE

Politics of the Far East,'" and in It is the fashion in many quarters Pumpelly's "Across America and to imagine that missions are not need- Asia," are well known, and have ed in Latin America because for cenbeen repeated by others. One may turies a certain form of Christianity be a cynic at home, and with reason has held sway over the people. "Latin sometimes criticize some pulpits be- America: Its Rise and Progress," by cause they fear the magnate at the Calderon, and "South America," by end of some pews, and color their sermons accordingly. One may in a James Bryce, are in no sense missupercilious way sneer at the seeming lack of personality 111 the mis- sionary volumes, but they throw a sionary candidate, who in a gentle flood of light on the whole question faith stands up in her or his church of the Latin American peoples. If to answer the call: 'Go ye into all with these volumes we read the rethe world and preach the Gospel to port of the "Conference on Missions every creature.' But follow the in Latin America," held in N ew York worker into the China field, and see city in March 12, 13, 1913, the conwhat that call and the altruistic op- viction will be forced on the mind of portunity has done by its very im- the reader that the only hope of mensity. The gentle missionary has Latin America is the development of soon become many things; a brave character based on the pure Gospel. pioneer in exile; a scholar and lin- This report presents a series of guist; an organizer of great power papers by experts, most of whom and tact; a local foreign minister have their information at first hand. of great ability in adapting the West to the East; a scientist; housekeeper, Minna G. Cowan, of Girton Coltraveler, physician, explorer, ethnolo- lege, India, in hel very attractive gist, nurse, orator; the only host of volume on "The Education of the explorers; the most generous of man- Women of India," presses home the kind; an ideal example of what the same great truth. After recounting that the new type of woman is mak- 'Vest should be; the most inspired ing herself felt in India and giving of human beings in self sacrifice numerOilS example:,: of good work and wonderful accomplishments un- done by non-Christian natives, such der difficulties. Their expenses are as a Mohammedan lady of social many; their resources few. Many standing at Bombay opening a school have to live on the slimmest of C011- for poor girls in her house, or an tributions from home, such as the orthodox Hindu lady advocating a missionaries of the China Inland special system of Hindu schools,. or Mission, the Scandinavian Mission, an Arya Samaj widow having a high and the Scottish Missions which are school for half-caste girls in her not rich. own house and numerous other ex- amples. she states her convictions as "Many, like the American ~nd En- follows: ~lish missionaries, receive fair help from home, but spend on their equip- "The problem is a question of charment, and educational and hospital acter, hut of character built upon buildings the money that was due to personal contact with the Christ-life themselves and their families as sal- in God-a question of environment aries. The highly cultureu, brave and curricula, but also of showing president of the N ankin~ University accepts only $1,500 as salary, whereas if he were in America, on a purely business basis he would be expected to demand $15,000 for the same services and expenses of his high position."

that Christianity is of the East, and the people to whom she had minis- Eastern in its spiritual appeal; a tered were loathe to have her go. question of womanhood, but also of One little girl clung to her and re- that more perfect fellowship where fused to give her up. Christ is all and in all. 'Jesus Christ, by the silent action .of a life- "My teacher kept telling her to go time laid the first emphasis on the back, but she kept saying: 'I don't . identity of woman's humanity rather want Hoa Kuniang to go.' Do you than on the difference of her sex, wonder that I think of that little thus both dignifying her and man in darling out there and weep because his attitude to her.' The solution I must go from these people. Home of India's social problem lies in the is very sweet, and I love my dear fulfilment of the Christian ideal, and ones at home, and I thank God that the progress toward it must be a I shall soon see their dear faces united one, in which both sexes share again in this world, but the little alike." girl clutching at that little red work- bag who 'didn't want Roa Kuniang In a delightful volume, "Indian to go' is very deep in my heart, and the race she represents is my 'heri- Medical Sketches," by Charlotte S. tage.' "

Vines, is a chapter on "Christmas As told by Miss Burton, the story Eve," which is the story of the trans- of Dr. Hu King Eng and of Mrs. Ahok, the Christian mistress in a formed Indian home. On Christmas home of wealth, not only is fascinat- Day the young wife goes with a ing but stimulating, leaving the im- present of fruit to the hospital and pression that these godly Chinese women are the forerunners of a race says, "This is fruit for all of you because it is THE GREAT DAY." of Christian women who are to be of untold blessing to the millions of "Do you know why it is our great their suffering and degraded sisters. , day, why we are all happy to-day? To which she replies, 'Yes. My The world knows of the work of husband called us together in the Hepburn of Japan. It is simply and evening and read out of your Holy Book.' Then from heathen lips I forcibly told in this last volume by hear the story, told in very simple Dr. Griffis. language, told as a child would tell it, the story which has changed the The lure of mission literature is world." ever presenting to us the "large sym- There is a lure in such a story. metrical Christian man."

A Cure for Pessimism Some Important Missionary Books Df the Year 4. Missionary volumes drive out "Essential Missionary Principles." Allen. Flemthe spirit of pessimism. ing II. Revell CD. $1.00.

I know of no better antidote to "Modern Call of MiS5ions." Dennis. Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.50. peSSimism than s,.1ch volumes as "Dawn in Darkest Africa." Harris. E. P. Dut- "New Thrills in Old China," by ton & CD. $3.50, C h a r lot teE. Hawes, "Notable "Winning Primitive People." Fraser. E. P. Dut- ton & CD. $1.50. Women of Modern China," by Mar- "Thinking Black." Crawford. Geo. Doran Co. garet E. Burton, and a very recent flJ.;~O~nd Manners of Modern China." Macvolume, "Hepburn of Japan," by Gowan. DDdd, Mead & Co. $3.50. William Elliot Griffis. HChina Revolutionized." Thompson. Bobbs, Mer- When -Miss Hawes was about to ..{~Un&AC;::;"'i~;;5~ts Rise and Progress." Calderleave China for her last furlough, son. Charles Scribners' Sons. $3,00. "South America." Bryce. Macmillan Co. $2.50. "Hepburn of Japan." Griffis.. Westminster Press.

$1.50.

A Twice-born "Turk"–Part

THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEIKH TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press I iA]HMED' the narrator, of the Arab poets to bring a chapter continues: After a like unto it. 'For if all men and s h art time I saw Jinns met together to attempt to Salim looking for the bring the equal of this Koran they Sheikh. When we had should not be able to do it.' Oh, my found him we sat down son, beware of such Satanic sugges- under a tree and after the usual tions."

salutations Salim said to the Sheikh, My father then went on to warn "Will you please tell me how your me against allowing anything to inter- father answered you when you wrote fere with the belief that the words of to him the letter from El-Azhar?" the Koran have been engraved from A Moslem Father's Anxiety all eternity upon AI-Lauh al-Mahfuz Sheikh: A long time has elapsed (the Preserved Tablet).

and I can only tell you what I re- A Bold Reply-The Koran me,mber.* Not 20 days passed before After I had read my father's letter I received a reply from my father as I wrote to him something as follows: follows: "To my highly respected Father: "My darling son, May God Al- "You said that on reading my letter you were consumed with the fire of mighty preserve you from going zeal for the Islam religion. Instead astray in religion, and confirm you of burning with fire would it not in the Sunni creed of the Moslems. have been better to have brought· Amen. forth a few solid arguments to but- tress my faith which threatens to "My love to you is well known. fall. Then you say, 'I took refuge I read your letter and understood it. in God from the evils of Satan.' If From my zeal for the religion of my contention is right and my argu- Islam I took refuge in God from ments are sound, then will it not be the evils of Satan, who has been your remarks that are whispers of leading you astray, as appears from Satan, and will it not be you that your new thoughts about the Holy have gone astray? As for the Koran Book (the Koran), the best of all being the best heavenly book, there the heavenly scriptures, which has no is neither internal nor external evievil or vain discourse, but was sent dence for this statement. down by inspiration from the All "As to the contradictions contained Wise One, by means of which our illiterate prophet challenged the chief *Attention is again drawn to the fact that the in it, I have already written. As to 'our prophet challenging the eloquent Sheikh has added to his knowledge since that time, ;0 that in all these discussions his present account Arab poets,' if the Koran had difis fuller than his original letters.-TRANsLAToR.

fered from the composition of men written in a more eloquent Arabic then we would not find the com- style than those in the Koran!) panions of the Prophet holding con- trary opinions as to whether some "Then with regard to its tedious chapters were composed by man or repetition, see how the story of the were sent down by God, for instance, creation and the stories of Adam, the Fatiha (first chapter) and the Moses, Abraham, Noah, Jesus ana two amulets (last chapters). If the others are repeated many times over. Koran had been given by a miracle, then there would be no verses in it "In every age there are some wri- not conforming to the laws of elo- ters who excel their fellows. Suppose quence, of which your excellency has that Mohammed were the best of mentioned some instances. Again, if his age in one subject (prose) and it had been supreme, the Polytheists one language only (Arabic), is that a would not have been able to say of mark of divine inspiration? Was it as in Surat Furqan, 'And the un- Euclid inspired because he surpassed believers said, Verily this (the Kor- others i~ his "Elements of Geometry" ? an) is nothing but lies which he What of the claim of the Persian (Mohammed) has fabricated.' They Baha Allah's Arabic writings, which also called it in another place, 'Fables riyal the Koran? of the ancients.' "On the ground that all the elo- Is Koran Eloquence Finite or Infinite? quence and rhetoric of the Koran is lost by translation learned men have "Many of the Moslems themselves forbidden its translation into other also deny its surpassing eloquence, languages. But. if we suppose that and others disagree as to in what God sent the P~ophet to all men, respect it is inimitable. . . .' even to the Jinns and the angels, how is it forbidden to translate His Look "It is said that its beauty consists into the languages spoken by His in absolute absence of differences and followers? . . . contradictions in it, in spite of its length, and t{1eir evidence for that is Mohammed Wrought No Miracle a quotation from itself, 'If it had been sent by any other than God "Now you, my father, speak of his then they would have found in it miracles in the plural, from which we much contradiction.' This evidence should infer that you believe that he falls to the ground, since there are worked many miracles. This is from found in it some hundreds of verses the traditions, as, for instance, his which show very clearly that they feeding the multitudes, causing water are mutually contradictory. I have to spring from between his fingers, of . given you many examples in my first which there was sufficient for a whole letter showing that the contraventions army to do their ablutions, the split- in it are to be counted by hundreds ting of the moon, etc., so much so or even by thousands." . that EI-Halabi says that the miracles of Mohammed are beyond count. (The Sheikh goes on to give ex- Others have said that there were amples of contradictions and also 3,000 besides the Koran, while in the quotes an artificial Sura actually Koran itself there were from sixty to seventy thousand. There is a

A TWICE-BORN U TURK"

verse in the Koran which says that "He then asked them if their irlols when Mohammed was asked by the could hear them or benefit them, and idolaters to produce signs to prove they replied: his mission Ar-Razi and other 'Thus have we found our fore- commentators have replied, 'If the fathers doing!'

sending of miracles was a condition, "From this and other examples it then it was only nece.ssary to send appears that the greatest obstacle in one sign, that was the Koran itself, the path of anyone wishing to follow which makes all others unnecessary.' the truth revealed by any prophet has From this it appears that the claim always been the fear of showing his of miracles for the Prophet other forefathers to have been in the than the Koran is not established." wrong.

(He then quotes similar passages "But do you, sir, wi3h that I shuuid proving the Koran to be no miracle, be like these ignorant ones imitating and goes on to show that rhetoric my fathers in whatever creed they can never be esteemed equal to the may have held, whether truth or er- physical miracles wrought by the ror? God forbid. You are noted prophets.) among your friends for your hatred "The wise man looks at the ultimate of conventionality. . . .

end of things and does not too "I ask your fatherly kindness to hastily decide as to the truth of a pray for me that God alone may be religion which he has inherited from my guide in my search for truth.

his forefathers, however wise and As you have invited me to tell you educated they may have been. Nor everything in religious matters, I ex- should he be satisfied with merely plain to you now that I h;!ve divested external evidences, but should inves- myself of every religious convention, tigate for himself impartially, for, as the only thing remaining being belief the saying is, 'Truth is the child of in the existence of the Ultimate search.' Cause; for the proof of the existence Ancestral Fallibility of an All-wise Creator is practically "Do you hold that my forefathers axiomatic. I pray to Him a private were infallible, however intellectual prayer of worship and petition ask- they may have been? God forbid. ing Him to lead me in His own way They inherited their doctrines one of truth. I have now bought a Holy from another, and if the error of any Bible, which is a collection of the doctrine appeared to anyone of them books of the Prophets, and bave he would not go back from it for commenced to read it secretly by fear of loss of standing among his night after doing my studies by day.

fellows. This we know from ex- I have also acql.lired one or two books perience, altho the imitation of one's such as 'Al-Milalwan-Nihal' (Re- progenitors in the matter of religion ligious Sects).

is blamed in the 'Koran in a number "In conclusion, I beg your merciful of passages. The idolaters blamed excuses for all that I have written to Abraham when he asked them: you, my only object being the searcll ~What do you worship?' after truth. May God preserve you 'Idols,' they said. to us. Amen."

Selim: You made the argument of all men, that He may make your stronger in the second letter than in faith perfect." the first, and I admit you have proved everything clearly. Corruption of the Scriptures Sheikh: My father was practically I answered my father thus: convinced of the non-miraculous "My respected Father: After kiSScharacter of the Koran and the ab- ing your noble hands I would like to sence of any miracle attributed to say that I have received your letter Mohammed, but he took refuge in and have carefully read it and found the charge of corruption of the if incumbent upon me to answer you. Scriptures. "As for your objection to my reac:- ing the Scriptures because you think The Father'. Reply that the Jews and Christians have altered them, this i.3 a charge which After 20 days another letter came can not be substantiated either canonito me from my father to this effect: cally or intellectually. Having regard, however, to the numbers of verses in "My son, I was glad to receive the Koran which mention the Tonrat your letter and to find so much clear (Law) and the Injil (Gospel) I debating and strong proof of what make the Koran the arbitrator, unyou hold about miracles and the Kor- dertaking to abide by its decision, you an, but I was grieved to learn that also agreeing to the same. I have you have divested yourself of all re- extracted from the Koran, after two ligion, halding only tpe existence of nights' reading, certain verses refer- God, which is not sufficient for the ring to the Jews' corruption of the salvation of the soul from everlast- Scriptures. ing perdition. I join with you in your private prayer asking Him to Do yoU wish that they should believe in guide you to the right way. As for you while a party of them were hearing the your remark that you are giving your- Word of God and corrupting it? (Cow: self to reading the Bible secretly, do not waste any time reading it, es- 75.) pecially as your time is valuable, for I know that the stories of the proph- "Among the Jews are those who displace ets collected in it have been talll- (Tahrif) the words." (Woman: 45.) See pered with by' the Jews and Chris- also Table: 14, 44. tians. They have altered and substituted, added to and taken fro111 it, "Now Razi says that the alteration altering both word and meaning. Not of the text of the Tourat and the that I say that everything in it has InjU is not held by the theologians, been abrogated, but I warn you for these two books had become so against the false doctrines in" that well known and the chain of tradition book. If anyone else discovers so strong, that it would be very diffiwhat you are doing it will lead to cult to do so, but they (the Jews j your ruin. In any case, I ask you were giving a false interpretation of to keep me acquainted with all your the meaning. Bukhari and others doings. There is no refuge but in have agreed with him. plenty of prayer to Him among the fingers of whose hands are the hearts "Now Tahrif may be held to mean either the alteration of the text, or of the meaning. If we look impar- tially into the above verses, and re- member that the Tourat and the Injil

9 1 4] A TWICE-BORN "TURK"

had been circulated in all parts of man to be Pharaoh's Prime Minister, the world in various languages at the and Pharaoh to be the builder of the time of our prophet, not forgetting Tower of Babel, etc. If we ask any the care of the Jews for their book in one which of the two books is wrong, counting its letters and its very points we at once say that the 'Koran claims many times; then if we also look at to have been sent to confirm the the enmity between the Jews and the Bible which came before it. It,. how.; Christians, we see the impossibility ever, disagrees with it in many of of a mutual agreement to corrupt the the stories by adding to or taking books of their religions. from them, and contradicts many of the judgments, etc. "Look also at the numerous verses in the Koran which say that it came (3) I have found in the Bible to confirm the previous Scriptures many wonderful bits of wisdom, eswhich were with the Jews and the pecially the Books of Proverbs and Christians, describing them as 'right Ecclesiastes and in the New Testaguidance,' etc., Mohammed himself ment, which bear a good deal of rebeing told to ask the people of the semblance to the Mohammedan tradi- Scriptures when he had any doubts tions, so that anyone might think about anything. Then God promised the latter had been quoted from the to preserve the Dhikr (His book) former. I have started to collect tofrom alteration and corruption. vVe gether the chief resemblances. therefore find that he who holds the corruption of the revealed Scriptures Selim: But what led you to speak is opposed to all reason and denies to him so boldly? the Koran and him who brought it. Think of that!· There is no need Sheikh: My friend, at that time I for me to enlarge upon it. May God felt a strong impulse urging me to preserve you. Amen." take any risk in order to find the true religion. I was like a man who Koran Quotations From the Bible had lost everything that was of worth in this world, but who had a strong Not many day~ passed before I fol- hope of being able to discover truth lowed up this letter with another giv- so that nothing should be able to ing what the Scriptures had revealed ultimately hide it from him. Thereto me of things which I had not pre- fore I was not afraid of anything viously thought of. Some' of them that my father might do, for I had remain in my memory. made a compiete sacrifice of every object other than that of finding the (I) That the verses in the Koran truth. which mention the creation of the heavens and the earth, sun and moon, This was, however, nothing cometc., etc., have, in most cases, been pared with what happened to me in quoted from the Holy Bible. Dumyat (Damietta, Egypt) and whal also happened to me in Tripoli, Beirut (2) By comparing the Bible and and Damascus. My father used to the Koran I have found certain his- say about me, "This boy is bold in torical mistakes in the latter, such as speech and will find that his tongue m;:tking Mary, the mother of Jesus, will get him into trouble." to be the daughter of Amran and· the sister of Aaron, and stating Ha- ( To be continued.)

BY REV. HENRY OTIS DWIGHT, LL.D., NEW YORK Recording Secretary of the American Bible Society.

~I N spite of the fact that scattered by a colporteur. Rev. Mr. there are to-day more Rosensky, pastor of St. Paul's Bibles and portions Polish Methodist Church in Milwau- published each year kee, writes: "This church is the than there were in ex- child of the American Bible Society.

istence two hundred It began this year to contribute to years ago, there is yearly an increase that society and will continue to do in the demand for the Scriptures. so as long as its 'mother' lives."

The American Bible Society has nine Another instance is cited by Mr. Top- agencies in the United States and ping, a Baptist missionary in Japan, twelve in foreign lands, and the who describes the way in which a British and Foreign, Scotch and other colporteur lays the foundation of new societies are also doing vigorous and churches in neglected districts. He efficient work. The demand for asks, "Shall I call these Bible So- Bibles is especially impressive m ciety churches?"

China. Both the American and the The total issues of the American British and Foreign Societies report a Bible Society at home and abroad sudden and extraordinary increase in last year were 4,049,610 Scriptures circulation, and last year each of and portions in 84 limguages. These these two societies issued over are distributed by 428 workers in the 220,000 volumes more than the pre- United States and 8ro in foreign vious year. This demand shows it- lands-a total of 1,238 persons, of self among the rich and the official whom 990 are regular colporteurs.

classes as well as among the poor The aggregate issues of all the laboring classes. In the field of the Bible societies in the world which Levant Agency of the American So- print the Scriptures, so far as is ciety, which includes the territories known, amounted in 1912 to 15,- involved in the war between Turkey 902,396 volumes. It is somewhat sur- and Italy, and the disastrous war be- prizing to note that of this aggregate tween Turkey and the Balkan States, 14,309,157 volumes were printed by the number of copies put in circu- the three great Anglo-Saxon socie- lation was nearly 35,000 more than ties. The issues of the British and the number reported the previous Foreign Bible Society were 7,899,502 year. volumes; those of the National Dible Every year brings new testimony Society of Scotland, 2,359,985 voi- of the power of the Bible to grip urnes, and those of the American the hearts of men of every race. Bible Society, as mentioned above, trace their 'origin' to the Scriptures 4,o49,6ro v 0 I u me s-I,444,oo(l of trace their origin to the Scriptures which were in English.

OF BEST

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK Author of "Love Stories of Great Missionaries, n "Adventures With Four-Footed Folks," "Holding the Ropes," etc.

PRACTICAL PLANS FOR THE YEAR New Belrinnings for Mi.sions it was a wide-spread custom to set apart the first Monday in the year EW YEAR'S DAY (in some localities the first Sundayj as a day of fasting and prayer for fNl ~hroug~out the vvorld the conversion of the world. Much 15 a time of new be- of the success of missions in those ginnings. In the Oc- early days of difficult and dangerous cident the idea of pioneering was directly traceable to turning over a new these and other stated periods of inleaf and beginning with a clean tercession. Many of the remarkable sheet is largely a matter of senti- revivals in Fidelia Fiske's school in ment. In the Olient it is a stern Urumia began on or soon after the necessity, enforced by law and re- first Monday in January, when Mary ligion. Only those who settle their Lyon and her girls at Monnt Holyoke accounts with the gods and pay theIr were on their knees praying for the debts to their fellow men dare face little seminary in Persia. In other the new year with peace and enter parts of the mission field also it was upon its festivities with joy. found that times of refreshing began simultaneously jVith the day of in- Quaint old Thomas Fuller was in- tercession at the dawn of the year. clined to censure those who waited to begin their amendment on the first Beginning with 1858 an entire day of the year. "I see no day equal week at the beginning of the year to to-day; the instant time is the wa~ set apart for prayer for missions. fittest time," was his wise and true This was in response to the call, iscontention. Yet no one can afford sued by the Ludhiana Mission of to let the New Year pass without the American Presbyterian Church some effort toward betterment. in the autumn following the awful Indian Mutiny, to "all God's people This is true of missionary socie- of every name and nation" to unite ties as well as individuals. No or- in an annual week of prayer for the ganization is wise that fails at New conversion of the world. The plan Year's time to look carefully over met with immediate response and its record for the past year and to was widely adopted with beneficent introduce new features that will tend results. But by and by tlK Church toward better results in the future. at home became selfish and spent so much of the week in praying for Beginning the Year with Prayer herself, that she lost sight of the missionary motive. Two days of the In the old days it was the practise of the Church to devote much time at the beginning of the year to prayer for missions. For many years

week of prayer are still reserved for and the birth of Livingstone in 1913, prayer for missions, one for home, and the jubilee of VI/oman's Societies the other for foreign, but very few in 1910 and 19I1, have each con- churches make use of the topics as- tributed to the rising tide of mission- signed. ary enthusiasm, and the Judson cen- This is a custom-the setting apart tennial, now in progress, promises to of time at the beginning of the year carry it still higher. The Layman's for definite prayer for missions-that Missionary Movement, born at the needs reviving. What will you and Haystack Centenary, and the post- your church do about it? jubilee campaigns of the Woman's Missionary Anniversaries of 1914 Societies have enlisted thousands of Keeping anniversaries is one of the men and women who hitherto cared best ways to arouse interest in any little or nothing for missions.

cause or person and conserve the in- No missionary society can afford fluence thereof. Secular educators to lose the impetus that comes from understand this and have made great joining in the celebration of anniver- use of it in colleges and schools. The saries such as these, no matter in Church, too, is beginning to realize what denomination they occur. They the value of it. are the common property of the Much of the present advance in whole church and in the keeping of missions is due to the jubilees and them there is great reward. The cen- centenaries that have followed closely tenary of the American Baptist Mis- one upon another during recent years. sionary Society occurs on May 18, The wide publicity given to missions and every society, Baptist or other- on these occasions through pulpit and wise, should devote at least one meet- press has molded public opinion and ing to the story of Adoniram and raised missions to a higher plane; Ann Judson and the peculiar provi- and the recital of the heroic d~eds dences of God that led to the estab- of the early pioneers has begotten a lishment of the Burman mission and new spirit of enthusiasm and devo- the organizatio)1 of the second great tion throughout the whole Church. missionary society in America.

The centenaries of Carey and the Nor should the lesser anniversaries Baptist Missionary Society in 1892, of the year be forgotten, even tho the London Missionary Society in an entire program can not be de- 1896, and the Church Missionary So- voted to them. In the keeping of ciety in 1899 with their great meet- them, as of the more important onc'5, ings and fine output of literature there are great possibilities of brought the 19th century to a fitting kindling fires of interest and enthusi- close and prepared the way for the asm and planting missionary pur- great missionary revival now ill prog- poses in human hearts. The Mora- ress. In the new century the cen- vians understand this and through- tenaries of the Haystack meeting in out their wonderful history it has 1906, the American Board in 1910, been a great source of spiritual the sailing of the first American mis- power. In July, 1876, while the sionaries to India in 1912, the Wes- United States was rejoicing over its leyan Methodist Missionary Society lOoth birthday, the Moravians at

OF BEST METHODS

Paramaribo were celebrating the cen- January tenary of an event, insignificant in the eyes of the world, but great in I, IBS4-New Year's Prayer-meeting, at the sight of God and the hrethren-·- the lOath anniversary of the bap- Ongole, India, 60th Anniversary. See tism of the first negro convert in the mission in Surinam. "It was charac- MISSIONARY REVIEW, January, 1911, page4S. teristic of the Moravian habit of ranking spiritual interests before all I, IB74-0nening of the First Hospital for others that this event should be commemorated by a centenary observ- Women in the Orient by Doctor Clara ance," says Dr. Thompson in "Moravian Missions." "The church at SwaiTJ, at Bareilly, India, 40th Anniver- Paramaribo, which seats 2,400 persons, was decorated with palm sary. See "Western Women in Eastern branches and garlands of flowers and was thronged with worshipers at Lands," by Mrs. Montgomery. each of the three services that were held commemorating the event. The 31, 1834-Completion of Judson's Bible, Te Deuln was sung in Negro-English; the document recording the 80th Anniversary. See "Life of Adonibaptism-nearly destroyed by action of the climate-was brought out and ram Judson," by Edward Judson. read; and the occasion closed by the Brethren entering anew into a coven- February ant to maintain mutual love and love to the Savior upon that opening of II, 1889-Granting of Religious Liberty in a new century of Christian labor." Japan, 25th Anniversary. See "History In 1909 the MISSIONARY REVIEW published each month a calendar of of Missions in Japan," by Otis Cary. important missionary events occurring during the month with suggestions 22, IBI4-Charles Rhenius sailed for India, and material for celebrating one event each month. These could be used looth Anniversary. See "Men of Might with advantage by any missionary organization during the coming year. in India's Missions," by Holcomb. The following list of special anniversaries occurring during 1914 is March herewith given in the hope that many Sunday-schools and societies will I, IB54-Hudson Taylor landed in China, commemorate them, if not by a pro- 60th Anniversary. See MISSIONAR~ REgram, at least by some mention in the way of a story, a motto, a Scrip- VIEW, September, I90S, page 656. ture lesson, a prayer, or something appropriate to the occasion that will II, 'rB89-0pening of the Sharada Sadan, impress it on the mind: Ramabai's Home for Hindu Widows.

See MISSIONARY REVIEW, April, 1904.

21, 1844-Birth of George Leslie Mackay, 70th Anniversary. See "From Far For- mosa," by G. L. Mackay.

2B,IB49-Martyrdom of Christians in Madagascar, 65th Anniversary. See MIS- SIONARY REVIEW, March, 1909.

2B, IB74-0pening of the Martyr Memorial Church in Madagascar, 40th Anniversary.

See same as above.

29, 1739 (Easter Sunday)-Baptism of Ka- jarnar, First Moravian Convert in Green- land, I7Sth Anniversary. See MISSIONARY REVIEW, March, 1910.

April B, 17B4-Birth of Gordon Hall, I30th Anni- versary. See "Men of Might in India's Missions," by Holcomb.

IB, IB74-Burial of Livingstone in West- minster Abbey, 40th Anniversary. See MISSIONARY REVIEW, April, 1909, or any Life of Livingstone. .

28, IB34-Jason Lee Began Work in Ore- gon, Both Anniversary. See "Missionary History of the Pacific Northwest."

May IB, 1814-Founding of the American Baptist Missionary Society, Iooth Anniversary.

See "History of Baptist Missions," by Merriam.

IB, 1834-Birth of Sheldon Jackson, 80th Anniversary. See "Life of Sheldon Jack- son," by Stewart or Faris.

June 8, 1824-Judson Seized at Ava, 90th Anni- versary. See "Life of Judson," by Ed- ward Judson.

9, IB34-Death of William Carey, 80th An- niversary; See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field," by Walsh or any Life of Carey.

II, 1744-0rdination of David Brainerd.

170th Anniversary. See "Life of Brain- erd," by Sherwood.

28, I834-Martyrdom of Lyman and Mun- Map Trips Around the World son in Sumatra, 80th Anniversary. See "Encyclopedia of Missions." Maps are an important adjunct to missions. It was teaching geography 28, I794-Birth of Allen Gardiner, I20th by means of maps in his little school Anniversary. See "pioneers and Found- at Moulton that turned Carey's ers," by Miss Yonge. thoughts to missions and studying geography at school in N ew York .!9, I864-Consecration of Samuel Crow- city sent Eliza Agnew to Ceylon. Our ther, the First Black Bishop of Modern Lord taught that "The field is the Times, in Canterbury Cathedral, 50th An- world," and while pastor of Brown Iliversary. See "Life of Samuel Crow- Memorial Church in Baltimore, Dr. cher," by Page. John Timothy Stone, the present Moderator of the Presbyterian Genjuly eral Assembly, kept a large globe .standing on his pulpit as a silent re- 18, I864-Neesima Sailed for America, 50th minder of this truth. Anniversary. See "Life of Neesima," by Maps have great power to focus Davis. attention and inspire interest, as 26, I864-Death of Fidelia Fiske, 50th An- every worker, especially among chil- dren, well knows. At the Schenec- niversary. See MISSIONARY REVIEW, May, tady County Sunday-school COilFen- rgo9· tion last October, Dr. W. J. Swart, a 28, I764-Birth of Samuel Marsden, Isoth medical missionary from Siam, told Anniversary. See "Pioneers and Found- of holding the attention of a group ers," by Miss Yonge. of boys for several hours one even- ing in a home where he was staying, August by pointing out on a map of the 1, I834-Death of Rotrert Morrison, 80th wotld the places he had passed through while en route from Siam Anniversary. See "Modern Heroes of and telling them stories about them. the Mission Field," by Walsh. The boys were so fascinated it was hard to get them to bed. 1, 1834-Emancipation Began to Take Ef- fect in the British West Indies, 80th An- At Silver Bay last July, Miss niversary. See "New Acts of the Apos- Susan C. Lodge, of Lansdowne, Fa.• tles," by Pierson. president of the Philadelphia Branch of the 'Noman's Foreign Missionary 14, I3I4-Lull Crossed to Bulgia, There to Society of the Methodist Episcopal Meet Death as a Martyr, 600th Anniver- Church, told of a map trip around sary. See "Life of Raymond Lull," by the world that had aroused great in- Zwemer. terest in her Sunday-school. Mr. W. G. Landis, superintendent of the 22, 1864-Completion of the Arabic Bible. school and secretary of the Pennsyl- soth Anniversary. See "Fifty-three Years vania' State Sunday-school Associa- in Syria," by Jessup. tion, having been appointed a mern· ber of the commission to the Orient September in connection with the World's Sun- 22. I884-Horace N. Allen, First Resident Missionary Arrived in Korea. 30th Anni- versary. See "Korea, the Hermit King- dom," by Griffis.

October 26. I834-Arrival in Canton of Peter Par- ker. First Medical Missionary to China. 80th Anniversarv. See "The Uplift of China." by Smith.

November First Sabbath, r864-Baptism of the First Jaoanese Convert, 50th Anniversary. See "History of Japanese Missions," by Cary, Vol. 2, page 56.

20, r839-Martyrdom of Tohn Williams, 7.-th Anniversarv. See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field." by Walsh.

December -, r82d-Kapiolani Defied the Fire-gods of the Crater of Kilauea. 90th Anniversary. See "Transformation of Hawaii," by Brain.

5, 1834-Titus Coan S8iled for Hawaii, 80th Anniversary. See "Encyclopedia of Mis- sions."

25. r8r4-Samuel Marsden Preached his First Sermon to the. Maori Cannibals and Started the New Zealand Mission, loath Anniversary. See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field," by Walsh.

day-~chool Convention at Zurich last Missions," one inch and a half summer, the school obtained a copy of his itinerary and followed him square, may be obtained from the around the world by means of a large map hanging in the Sunday- Woman's Board of the Northwest, school room. Each of Mr. Landis' stopping-places was marked by a Presbyterian, Room 48, 509 Wabash small flag and a short talk given about the people he was seeing and Avenue, Chicago, Ill., for 25 cents.) mission work among them. The itinerary for such a trip This is an excellent plan that could be used to advantage, not only in should start with the United States the Sunday-school but in the Young People's Society also, during the Sun- (if the school is located there) and days of an entire year or a portion of it. It need not occupy more than should include both home and foreign five minutes a Sunday and the information gained and the interest TI11SSlOns. At each stopping-place aroused would more than justify the expenditure of time. Very few something should be told about the schools are fortunate enough to have a 'superintendent on a tour around mlsslOnary. Usually a short story, a the world, but an imaginary itinerary can be planned by the missionary quotation, a favorite hymn or Bible committee; or, as Miss Lodge suggesteq, the itinerary of Mrs. Mont- text will make a deeper and more gomery and Mrs. Peabody or Dr. Samuel B. Capen or some other lasting impression than an extended prominent person or persons could be used. biography. The following list of An adaptation of this plan might great missionaries covers most of the also be used to teach the names and stations of 52 great missionaries, one mission fields and all of the leading a week during the year, the idea being to make a map-trip around the denominations. Other names may be world visiting places made famous by their work. The requisites for this substituted, and denominational misplan are a large map of the world, a list of the missionaries, and 52 flags sionaries may be used entirely if deor knots of ribbon to be fastened to the map at the various stopping- sired. There is no better way than places. Small pictures of the missionaries may also be used to ad- this to teach the names and stations vantage if the map is large enough. (Portraits of the 50 missionaries in- of the -missionaries working unde! cluded in the game, "Who's Who in one's own board, tho the trip can not be made quite so attractive with these on account of the difficulty of ob- taining interesting material: United States-John Eliot, David Brainerd, David Zeisberger, Marcus Whitman.

Canada-James Evans, Egerton Young. Labrador-Wilfred T. Grenfell. Alaska-William Duncan, Sheldon Jackson. Mexico-Melinda Rankin, William Butler. South America-Allen Gardiner. Hawaii-Titus Coan. Japan-James Hepbnrt1. Guido Verbeck, Joseph Hardy Neesima. Formosa-George Leslie Mackay. Korea-Henry Appenzeller. China-Robert Morrison. Peter Parker, Hudson Taylor. Tohn Kenneth Mackenzie, Joseph Schereschewsky. Mongolia-James Gilm'mr. Burma-Adoniram Juoson. India-Bartholomew Ziegenbalg, Christian Frederick Schwartz, William Carey, Alexander Duff, James Thoburn, John Everett Clough, Pandita Ramahai. Cevlon-John Scudder (also worked in In- dia), Eliza Ag-new. Persia–Henry Martyn (also worked in In- dia), Fideli'l Fiske. Arabia-Ion Keith-Falconer.

Turkey-Cyrus Hamlin, William Goodell. as good for grown-ups as for chil- Syria-Cornelius Van Dyck, Henry H. Jes- dren, perhaps even better. Such a map hanging in the prayer-meeting sup. room of the church would be an in- Africa-Theodosius Vanderkemp, Robert spiration to the congregation and will have great educational value, especial- Moffat, John Ludwig Krapf, David Liv- ly if the ll,1arking of the stations in ingstone, Samuel Crowther, Alexander the various fields forms one feature Mackay, James Hannington. of the programs of the monthly mis- New Zealand-Samuel Marsden, George sionary meetings of the church. Augustus Selwyn. South Seas-John Williams, John Coleridge Our Own Mission Fields Patteson. New Guinea-James Chalmers. "The Missionary Survey" for No- Fiji Islands-James Calvert. vember, 1913, prints the following bit New Hebrides-John G. Paton. Greenland-Hans Egede. of rime contributed by Mrs. J. M.

Information about these mISSIOn- Williams, of Wesson, Miss., who has found it helpful in teaching the aries may be found in biographies, juniors the mission fields of the Southern Presbyterian Church-their the Encyclopedia of Missions, and own denomination. Tho they can not use it as it stands, workers in files of the MISSIONARY REVIEW. other denominations will filld !t sug- gestive: "Fifty Missionary Heroes Every Boy A is for Africa, dark as the night; and Girl Should Know," by Julia H. B for Brazil, still groping for light; C is for China, a land far away; Johnston (Revell, $1.00), and "Who's C also for Cuba-it waits for the day; Who in Missions," a card game ] for Japan-some day Christ will win; K for Korea, weary of sin; (Sunday-school Times Company, 50 M is for Mexico-great is its need; cents), will be found very helpful. o workers, go hasten to scatter the seed!

Still another adaptation of the map- Bulletin-Boards trip idea (one that was used with Is there a missionary bulletingreat success by the writer some board hanging in your church-vesti- bule? I f not, it would be a good years ago in a mission band of girls plan to put up one and begin its use on the first Sunday in the year. If from eight to sixteen). is to take a you can't get the board in time, begin by tacking bulletins to the wall with map-trip around the world for the thumb-tacks, and procure the board· as soon as possible thereafter. purpose of visiting the various fields in which one's denominational mission ·Wherever the bulletin-board has had a fair trial, it has proved an efboard is working. A large map of fective way of advertising missions. Hung in a conspicuous place in the the world is necessary for this, pref- vestibule, few persons who attend the church services will lail to stop, erably one that is put out by the for a moment if not longer, on the way in or out, to see what is on it. denominational board and has the stations marked on it. A brief stop should be made at each station; its location marked by a tiny flag, a bow of bright ribbon or merely the bright, brass head of a paper fastener; and some brief item of interest should be given about the work.

At the end of a year in which this plan has been followed, it will be found that the map has acquired a new value, for it will be possible to tell at a glance just where the board is at work, and how many stations it has in each field. The plan is quite

OF BEST METHODS S7

The board itself can be made of than the customary printed lists of inexpensive wood, stained' to match new books.

the woodwork or covered with burlap 3. Clippings from the daily papers in harmonicus tint, and finished with having a bearing on missions. In a narrow molding and hangers of "Missionary Methods for Sunday- some sort. I f there is some one in school Workers" (StJpday-school the congregation who can make it Times Company, 50 cents), Mr. Trull (preferably a boy who has had a gives some very clever suggestions course in manual training and whose for making these news items more interest can be enlisted thereby) the effective.

cost will be almost nothing. 4. Lists of questions on the con- If the committee put in charge is tents of some missionary magazine, wide awake and fully alive to the such as "The Clues to the Contents"

possibilities of the bulletin-board it printed each month in the JlvhSSJON- can be made a great power. Every ARY REVIEW; week should find something new on 5. Effective charts or small maps it-something radically different from the week before. There is such an colored or shaded to bring out cerabundance of material available and tain striking facts. These may be so many clever ways of putting it, found in almost all the mission study that there~ will be no trouble about books.

6. Quotations from great mission- securing variety. Here is a list of aries and testimonies to the value of things that may be posted on it: missions from great travelers and statesmen. I. Announcements of forthcoming meetings, in the form of attractive 7. Portraits of great missionaries posters, if possible. These should and striking pictures of scenes and have the right of way. It was while events in missionary lands, such as stopping for a moment to read the announcemep.t of a missionary mcet- "The Burning of the Opium Pipes ing posted on a bridge at the little in China," printed in the "Literary town of vVarrington, England, that Digest"; "Six Thousand New Testa- ments for Distribution among the Robert Moffat heard God's call. Police of Tokyo" (piled up in the 2. The outside paper cover of the form of a large cross) in the "Rec- latest book added to the missionary ord of Christian Work," November, library. This is the best way to ad- 1913, page 756; and "Contrasts in vertise new books. In the Public Womanhood in India," MrssIONARY Library of Schenectady, New York, REVIEW, April, 1913. Portraits of whence this suggestion came, it has missionaries and quotations printed long been the custom to pin the in suitable size for bulletin-boards paper covers of new books to a large may be obtained from the Missionary burlap-covered screen standing in the Education Movement, 156 Fifth center of the entrance hall. Almost Avenue, New York.

everyone stops to examine them, 8. Anniversaries of great events in and many 'go in at once to ask for missionary history presented in some the books. Mr. Glenn, the librarian, novel and attractive form.

regards it as much more effective 9. N otiees of articles of a mission-

ary character found in secular maga- obeying our Lord's command to pray zines or papers, and chapters of es- for laborers that should not be omitpecial interest in missionary books. ted. That this day, so sacredly ob- served in days gone by, is still ob- 10. Late neWs from the mission served in a majority of colleges, is field, clipt from missionary maga- a matter for rej oicing ; that it has lost zines, accompanied by pictures, if so much of its early significance and possible. power, is a cause for sorrow.

WILL ACT AS BEST MAN AT THE In one of the older Eastern col- WILSON WEDDING leges that has an enviable record for the number of ministers and mis- DR. W. T. GRENFELL. sionaries that in its early days were Special Dispatch to Commercial Tribune. trained within its walls, the number of those who enter the sacred calling NEW YORK, Oct. .3I.-Dr. Wilfred T. for either pastoral or missionary ser- Grenfell, medical miSSIOnary to the fisher- vice is now quite small. An elect men of Newfoundland and Labrador, has lady whose father waS for more than arrived here. He will act as best man at 40· years pastor of what was rethe wedding of Miss Jessie Wilson, daugh- garded as the college church, and ter of President Wilson, to his friend, who has herself been in close touch Francis B. Sayre, at the Nhite House next with the college during a large part month. Dr. Grenfell has known President of its history, was asked if she Wilson's prospective son-in-law for many could give any reason for the falling years. Mr. Sayre was secretary to the mis- off. Without a moment's hesitation, sionary in Labrador and has also con- she replied: "It is due almost entributed largely to the mission fund. tirely to the fact that we no longer observe the Day of Prayer for Col- The Day of Prayer for Colleges leges as we used to do. There used to be long seasons of pr.ayer in the January 22, the day of prayer for college chapel and aU-day meetings colleges, affords an opportunity for for fasting and prayer in almost all the churches. We asked God to raise up ministers and missionaries among the students and He did it."

In view of the great need oi laborers, not only on the mission field, but in the homeland where there are so many pastorless churches, mis- sion~ry organizations of all kinds would do well to keep the day, if not in special session, at least by appoint- ing a prayer-hour to be kept by the members in private at home.

"Ye have not because ye ask not.·' EDITORIALS MISSIONARY PUBLICITY Asia. This directory may be ob- MODERN inventions and modern tained free of cost to travelers in methods are being more and the East by writing to one of the more harnessed to the chariot of Missionary Boards. The small vol- God in the interests of missionary ume contains much of real interest progress. Formerly a few interested and value to every traveler and gives friends met at the wharf to say fare- besides a list of the various mission- well to one or two devoted souls ary agencies and activities in the who with "their lives in their hands principal cities of Asia and Egypt. and their hearts in their throats" :his publicity will no doubt greatly went valiantly forth into the lands 1l1crease the demands upon mission- of darkness and death. To-day aries but it should also help forward there are farewell receptions, dinners the work they are doing. and conferences where hundreds say God-speed to parties of from twenty The missionary light is not "hid to one hundred out-going mission- under a bushel" and the things that aries. Then long, weary, lonely these men and women are doing are journeys, full of danger and discom- not done so much "in a corner" as fort marked the pathway of those they were 50 years ago. To-day who were going out "to prepare the way of the Lord." Recently a everyone may know, if he will, of special car was chartered to carry missionaries from Chicago to San the real character and value of Francisco and on one Pacific Mail the missionary's service to mankind. S. S. company's vessel there were Their manner of life, the character fifty-seven missionaries-one-fourth and results of their work, the nature of the first cabin passengers-outward of the native Christians and the ex- botlnd for the Orient; and no one tent of Christian missionary influence suggested that their presence brought are manifest. Results in political, so- ill-luck to the steamer! The Presby- cial, intellectual and physical as well terian Board alone sent out nearly as in religious life show the power of Chri:;t. To-day he who runs may read and he who reads may run and tell the news to others.

roo new and returning missionaries last year and over 40 have g'One out THE LOUIS MEYER FUND under the Christian and Missionary I Alliance-an undenominational so- T is contrary to our rules to pub- lish appeals for individuals how- ciety only 25 years old. These num- bers as well as the high quality of ever deserving and needy they may the men and women going out have be. We cannot refrain, however, of COurse attracted considerable atten- from calling attention to the fund for tion on land and on the sea. the family of our late esteemed co- Another modern advance in the in- editor, Dr. Louis Meyer. His de- terest of publicity has been the plac- voted and self-sacrificing life may ing of missionary libraries on board lead many of God's stewards, and of steamships bound for the Orient. others blest by his ministries, to help Now a new step has been taken in supply the pressing needs of the the publication of a "Tourist Direc- yidow and orphans. It is through tory of Christian Work in the Chief human channels that the Heavenly Cities of the Far East, India and Father cares for His suffering chil- Egypt." This is an excellent idea dren. Friends may correspond with and leaves the traveler no excuse Mrs. C. T. Rounds, treasurer of the for ignorance of the amount and fund, 1425 Solon Place, Chicago, character of missionary work in Illinois. TOPICS FOR 1914 July- The Islands of the Sea and – MANY readers of the REVIEW de- Australasia. sire a list of monthly topics Arctic Missions, Alaska, Lab- rador, etc. that will help them in their programs Sunday-school Missions. for meetings during the year. Some excellent suggestions in this line will Augl1st- be found in OJ,l.r Department of Best Papal Europe. Methods this month. The news of Roman Catholicism. the Kingdom is so varied and chang- ing, and the March of Events so Immigrants in America. rapid that we can not predict the Bible Distribution. leading topics that will be treated each month. It is our plan, however, September- to cover the world field during the Japan, Korea, Formosa. year and to give prominence month Shinto. by month to the various mission Medical Missions. fields, the religions and the methods Young People's Societies. and problems of missionary work .at The American Indians. home and abroad. As a general guide to these topics we publish the October- following monthly tOpics: Moslem Lands. Islam. January- Laymen's Missionary Nork. The World Wide Survey. Christian Literature. A Review of the Year. The Church at Home. November- Literature of Missions. South America. Frontier Missions m Amenca. February- Voman's Vork. The Chinese Republic. The Mormons. Tibet, Mongolia, Manchuria. Confucianism and Taoism. December- Orientals in America. Russia and Greece. Greek, Armenian and other March- Mexico, Central America, Oriental Churches. Vest Indies. The Jews and Judaism. City Missions and Social Ser- Missionary Finance. vice. This list of topics may also serve The Anti-Vice Crusade. to suggest the date for articles sub- Unoccupied Fields. mitted to the REVIEW for publication. Ve welcome all such contributions April- and will give them as prompt atten- India, Burma, Ceylon. tion as possible, returning those un- used and paying ·for those accepted. Hindustan, Jainism, etc. Articles fo!' publication should reach the Editor not less than two months Educational Missions. in advance of the desired date of May- pu blicatiol1. Siam, Laos, Malaysia. The types of articles most desired Buddhism. Missions to Lepers: are those that show signs of mission- Philanthropic Agencies, Re- ary progress, new and successful lief Work. methods of work, special needs and problems, life stories of missionaries June-· and native Christians, practical me- Africa and Madagascar. thods of arousing and interesting the Fetishism and Animism. churches at home, inspiring incidents Neg-roes in America. Industrial Missions. and examples, and the true character of non-Christian religions as re- vealed in their literature, religious customs and practical results.

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS Interdenominational Cooperation there will be given a favorable response. In this connection, mention ONE of the most pleasing features should be made of the joint action which is being carried on at the train- . of foreign missionary enterprise ing college for Indian Christian women in Calcutta, where lady work- 1ll recent years is the growing interde- ers, quite irrespective of ecclesiastical differences, are working most happily nominational cooperation, and that together."

~ithou~ 0e sacrifice of any distinc- tive princIples. The Christian World of London, speaking moofstthries cemnat t tienr~ says: "One of the stances of this sensible and economical What a Dollar Will Do rapprochement appears in the decision LITTLE Allen was keenly inter- of the Wesleyan Missionary Society ested in the experience of a rela- to unite with the Baptists in the theo- tive of the family who had been lo~ical classes of the Calabar College, fifteen years in India. He wanted to Kmgston, Jamaica. This, following help, but he had so little. He won- upon the opening of Serampore Col- dered what a dollar would do. The lege in India to all sections of Chris- missionary soon returned to her home.

tians, both as to its teaching staff and He would send her the dollar and its students-a step of which .advant- ask her .what it could do. After a age is being duly taken-is certainly time he received a reply showing all to the good. The most remarkable "what a little boy's doIIar did" in case of this cooperation is, in the having paid for the IJfinting of copies opinion of many, to be found in Delhi, of the following circular: where Anglican missionaries have not 1. Keep a child from starving for 50 only handed over a hostel to the Bapt- days.

ist missionary, but have invited him 2. Feed and clothe an orphan for 25 to take part in the work of their col- days.

lege and to give Scripture teaching. 3. Pay for the education of an orphan In China, too, for some time, with for 25 days.

. every satisfaction, the Baptist Mis- 4. Feed a poor widow for a month.

sionary Society and the Ameri- 5. Furnish a teacher for untaught children 2 weeks.

can Presbyterian missions have 6. Send out a Bible woman for 2 weeks acted together in the Theological when she may brighten 50 homes and and Normal College in Ching Chu Fu, 200 souls.

and at Wei Hsien and Chi-Nan-Fu, 7. Send out an evangelist for 1 week who may reach at least 14 villages and 1,400 souls. . Baptists and Angelicans have joined 8. Send out a colporteur with the Bible in the arts and medical institutions. for 12 days. On the Kongo also the English and 9. Buy 50 copies of the Gospel in any American Baptists are working to- language.

gether in the native training college 10. Buy 12 New Testaments in any at Kimpese. Another illustration of language. 11. Buy 3 Bibles in any language. this cooperation is presented in a pro- 12. Se~ in motion incalculable influposal to establish a united steamer ences. transport for Protestant missions on Why Give to Missions Weekly? the Kongo, an appeal having been REV. A. F. McGARRAH gives the made to the Baptist Missionary following five reasons for weekly Society to undertake the task, an giving to missions: appeal to which, if practicable,

I. It is scriptural. It is an act of The Divine Will is there, the one worship and should be a part of each principal purpose in the affairs of public service. Ps. ¢: 8. mankind. The only thing lacking is the instrument, which must be the 2. It is of untold advantage to the Church. When each one, and all in giver. Brings him into a closer and the Church, shall find that "spirit of more vital fellowship with his Lord wisdom," the spirit of willingness and Savior; makes business a spiri- and of "a sound mind," that shall tual service; leads to more earnest give all gladly, being "rich toward consideration of other duties to his God," and shall be able to receive needy brothers; causes larger interest bountifully and ready to administer in and more study of missions; stirs wisely, then shall great opportunities up to more diligent and more earnest find us ready to meet them simply, prayer; proves a moral help against gratefully, grandly! dishonest business methods during the week (for who dare offer God NORTH AMERICA that which is unclean?); causes an increase of the ease of giving; and Salvation Army Progreas means increased prosperity for the giver. T HE recent visit to America of General William Bramwell Booth 3. It is of great aid to the minister. calls attention to the wonderful Because it does away with appeals and growth of the Salvation Anny. Gendiscouragements at their frequent eral Booth is the leader of an army, failure. which with its affiliated agencies, numbers over a hundred thousand 4. It is desirable for the Church. men and women. By his authority Enables the rich and the poor to give some 82 periodicals are issued, scores according to their ability, and causes of industrial homes and schools, shelan increase in benevolence from 100 ters for women and children, hotels to 500 per cent.; gives it a right to for men, and farms for the "down the blessings promised, for obedience and out" are maintained. The Salvato scriptural principles and methods. tion Army has an annual revenue from its industries and from volun- 5. It is almost imperative jar the tary contributions of $30,000,000. welfare of the missionary cause. Like his father, the present Gen- The Real Difficulty eral Booth is what may be called a benevolent despot. The property and W E think in such large figures the policy of the Army, even the de- now-a-days that the title of a termination of his successor, are unrecent article in The Christian Intel- der his absolute control. ligencer "Why Do We Not Have $100,000,000 for Missions?" is not so Bible Teachers' Training·school and startling as it would once have been. The writer, indeed, says that we Missions should have $500,000,000, and outlines a possible distribution of such T HE Bible Teachers' Trainingan amount, showing that the field school of New York has been could absorb, and find good use for, taken as a model by the Nanking such a sum. The only reason why School of Theology, the Fuchau the Church does not have such large Union Theological School, and the amounts of money at her command Memorial Bible School of Seoul, must be that she can not be trusted Korea. It is a school that emphasizes with them. The need is there, for a thorough knowledge of the Bible the Gospel was given for all and and a practical use of its teachings in these have it not. The means are Christian work. Missionaries 'On furthere, within the Divine power; and we lough or in course of preparation atmight easily figure that they are, even tend the school, and a strong student now, in the hands of the Church. volunteer band of about fifty has been

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

organized. Missionary lectures are land purchases, etc., total $500,000; given, and there are now on various but this is the equipment for 31 staforeign fields 302 former students of tions, hundreds of out-stations, and this school. makes possible more efficient and far- Student Volunteer Convention reaching' work of the presenL force of T HE next quadrennial convention of missionaries. . the Student Volunteer movement is to be held in Kansas City, Mo., De- Much, therefore, is still to be done cember 3I, I9I3, to January 4, I914. in the remaining year and a half of the carnraign.

These conventions have always been The Methodist Missionary Funds gatherings of remarkable inspiration METHODIST Episcopal benevoand power. Two thousand ,or more lence has now reached $5,000,- students gather from all North Amer- 000 a year. It is divided among: the ica and speakers of national and inter- Board of Foreign Missions, $1,500,- national reputation bring messages 000; the women's foreign work, from the Word of God and from the $92 5,000; the women's home work, world of God. The general secretary $7°0,000; the general home work, $I,- is Mr. F. P. Turner, 600 Lexington 400,000; and the balance made up Ave., New York. by the smaller societies. At the The Presbyterian China Campaign meeting of the Foreign Board held in November, it was shown that re- T HE Presbyterian Board over a ceipts for regular work last year year ago undertook a three-year were about $50,000 more than the campaign for funds and men, which preceding year, and a debt of $138,- should enable the Board to send out 000 was reduced to one of $90,000. a hundred new missionaries, and add The women gave to foreign work needed equipment for the efficiency and increase of the work. last year $110,000 more than on any previous year. Converts on the so- The committee in charge reported called heathen fields are giving toto the General Assembly last May that ward their own support $850,000 "more than $300,000 have already a year. It was decided at this meetbeen pledged, and about forty men and ing of the foreign board to send adwomen have oftered themselves to go ditional missionaries at once into to ,China. The China campaign as Mexico, and try to prevent further carried on last year not only did not uprisings. interfere with the other benevolences Rescue Mission; Unite of the Board, but so far as can be I judged from the testimony of pas- Nmost cities the work of rescue tors and elders in whose churches the missions has been conducted on campaigns were held, were a great independent lines and has centered spiritual benefit to the Church and around the personality of the leader.

community." But the passion for organization, It should be noted, however, that, which is one of the distinctive fea- deducting vacancies filled, and the tures of our time, has taken posses- number needed each yeai" by way of sion of leaders in this line of ser- reenforcement, the additions to the vice also, and the latest "Interna- staff are only about twenty, or one- tional Union" is one of Gospei Mis- fifth of the new missionaries re- sions. This took form in N ew York quired. City last aut1:imn, and Mr. Sidney The requests from the China mis- 'Whittemore was elected president.

sions for property equipment, includ- Representative mission workers ing school, academy, college and semi- from the principal cities of the nary buildings, churches and chajJels. United States and Canada make up institutional churches and evangelistic the board of trustees, and il is headquarters, hospitals, residences, planned to hold a convention 111

Cedar Rapids, Iowa, next spring. A Campaign Against Polygamy Local federations are also being or- THE United States Congress is at ganized. The main object of the last confronted with a compre- Union is to arouse the churches to a new and deeper interest· in this hensive and unavoidable issue on the form of Christian effort. As one of question of polygamy. Congressthe leaders puts it, "the workers in man Gillett of Massachusetts has Gospel missions do, in a special and offered in the house an "eighteenth amendment" to the national constipeculiar way, represent some of the tution in the following form: fundamentally distinctive features of the Christian religion." "Section I. Polygamy shall not exist within the United States or Moral Victories in Texa. any place subject to their jurisdic- tion. HE ministers in the churches of T Austin, Texas, haye achieved a "Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by apgreat moral victory over commercial- propriate legislation."

ized vice in their city, which is hav- The legislation required to stamp out polygamy is a matter to coning the effect of a moral revival sider later; the thing in view now is to make sure of bringing the whole throughout the state. The united subject under federal jurisdiction.

Protestant pastors conducted a pub- Noone will dare oppose this prin- ciple; even in Utah, in the present licity campaign of newspaper ad- state of public sentiment, the Mor- mons themselves will not dare say vertising quite on the lines made fa- openly that this is a bad addition to the constitution. Undoubtedly they miliar in Atlanta, backing these ap- hope for a time when they could fight such a proposal openly and dipeals to public sentiment by much rectly, but at present they would venture nothing more than arguing preaching on the subj ect and by that it is not necessary.

mass meetings in the churches. Sus- The effective answer to that argu- ment "It is not necessary," is not in tained by a bare majority of the proof that the Mormons are practis- ing polygamy, but rather that they council, the mayor issued an order teach that polygamy is the Ideal marriage state, and that they exclosing the vice resorts of the town pect eventually to obtain the legaliza- tion of it. October 1st. To fortify the city The Call to Indian Students against the danger of a reaction, the THE American Indian delegates ministers have secured the coopera- at the World's Student Chris- tion of influential laymen in the tian Federation at Mohonk last June sent out the following call to Indian organization of the Austin Anti- students in North American schools and colleges: Vice League, which already has a "Ve earnestly express as our conmembership of hundreds, rapidly in- viction, attested by the knowledge of our respective tribes and our several creasing. • personal experiences, that the one fundamental need of the Red Men All this development of sentiment 'is Jesus Christ; that the Indian race will achieve a greater glory or will in Austin has attracted attention in other cities of Texas, and in Dallas the Council of Churches has had a busy time with the fight on the "reservation." In the summer it in- vited before it the police commis- sioner and discust with him the abolition of the district set aside by the city commission for vice. He refused to abolish it." The council gave him and the city notice that the first work of the churches this autumn would be a battle royal on legalized vice. That battle has stirred the city and it has resulted in doing away with what has been a long-established institution.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

vanish from the earth according as had a monopoly of the island for it receives or rejects Jesus Christ; nearly 400 years.

that in Him only is to be found that SPANISH AMERICA. power that saves from the vices, greed, gross materialism, and selfish- A Notable Convert from Romani.m.

ness of modern civilization, and that B0 R N in Spain, for over 30 leads to the glory of a blameless years a Franciscan monk, now a Indian womanhood and manhood. Presbyterian missionary to his na- tive land-this is the outline of the "In view of these indisputable life story of Dr. Juan Orts Gonfacts we bid every Christian student zalez. He was one of the distinto stand with us, and to take heart guished scholars of his church, for as never before. And we call upon seven years president of a college, all Christian agencies working in and the recipient of unusual honors Indian student centers to strengthen and privileges. Among these was their hands in the endeavor to lead permission to read prohibited books. students to a personal adherence to His reading led him to question Jesus Christ and to foster all in- some of the main doctrines of Rofluences working for a settlement of manism, and further doubts were Indian problems along the lines of created by the discovery through Christian statesmanship."

Missionary Giving of a Canadian travel and study that far from Church Roman Catholic countries only be- T HE Sherbourne Street Methodist ing truly civilized and really pros- church of Toronto, Canada, sets perous and happy, as he had been a noble example by contributing readily persuaded to believe, both in the past and to-day the Roman twice as much to missions as to Catholic religion has always been accurrent expenses during the year companied "by the ignorance, poverty, decadence and ruin of the peoples ending September 30, 19I1: Total which have profest it, and that the for local church pttrposes, $12,075·- Protestant religion, on the contrary, 16; total for direct missionary work, $20,004.02; total for city mission- has been associated with the pros- perity, civilization, and uplift of ary and extension work, $2,104.21; every country and nation which has total for connectional funds (edu- followed its doctrines." cational, superannuation, etc.), $2,- 678.80; total, $36,806.1g. The fig- This remarkable man was so in earures giv.en above do not include nest about attaining to holiness and building fund subscriptions, nor pri- peace that for more than ten years vate givings to educational or be- he whipt himself daily except SUlJ.- nevolent work. The report shows day or holy days until the blood a decrease of $1,000 in current ex- came. In a recent article in The penses and an increase of over $2,- Continent, he draws attention to 000 to benevolences over the pre- what he believes to be a serious danvious year. ger.

Churches in Porto Rico There is already in the air not A C H U R C H c ens u s of both only the possibility but the strong Pro t est ant and Romanist probability of an American Roman churches in 23 municipalities, con- Catholic federation, beginning with taining 40 per cent. of the popUlation Canada and extending to the end of of the island, shows a total Romanist Patagonia.

attendance of 8,094; of Protestant, Catholic papers and Catholic bish- 8,870, an excess of 776 in favor of ops have often spoken in the highest the Reformed churches. Protestant terms of praise of such a policy and mission work is hardly 10 years of have indorsed it heartily. If a po- age, while the Church of Rome has litico-religious federation is formed,

then 110t only will every Protestant The English Church Army movement in Spanish America be THIS organiz.ation, patterned after crusht but even in this country the SalvatIon Army, is little Protestantism will be handicapped and the nation become entangled. more than 30 years old, yet it has so grown as to require 40 secretaries The Papacy in Brazil in its five-storied headquarters. Its annual budget amounts to $920,000. THE Correia Paulistano, a morning Its 400 evangelists and officers and . paper. of Sao Paulo, Brazil, pub- its 300 sisters work in cooperation hs~~~ on Its front page some scathing with the state church. Seventy cntlC1sms of the abuses which have preaching vans of the Church Army overtaken the Roman Church in cross England in all directions. In Brazil. They are the more striking London it carries on homes for outwhen their source is considered. casts, and similar institutions in 35 provincial cities. In its charge are "Catholicism has a great advantage numerous other institutions: a model over Protestantism in having an exter- farm for out-oF-works, homes of nal worship. External worship is as various description, numerous disnecessary to religion as scenery is to pensaries, a hospice for tuberculous the drama; but everything in this life children, etc. The Army is thoroughis liable to transformation and de- ly evangelical in character. It terioration. Perhaps, only in Portu- preaches the need of a real re-birth, guese Africa, under the influence of of holiness in heart and life. From the burning Libyan winds, is it pos- it the parish clergy are provided with sible to find devotion so sincere, and experienced evangelists, colporteurs, at the same time so noisy, as in Brazil. nurses and women misisonaries. It is incredible that in a city which calls itself highly civilized, the police and its authorities permit festivities AEnlisting the Young for Work which have nothing religious about WESLEY GUILD in England them, and only serve to augment the has reached a membership of criminal register." (iS2, with a junior guild of 500 boys EUROPE and girls. The lookout committee T A Wealeyan Centennial has mapped out every part of the HE British vVesleyans have been church and assigned a definite task celebrating the beginning and to each worker. No stranger ever progress of their foreign missionary gets away without an invitation to work. The beginning was a hundred attend the guild meeting. The whole years ago, and the record of achieve- neighborhood has been visited. As ments through the century was a soon as the Sunday-school boys and just and adequate cause of rejoicing. girls reach the age fixt for enter- The celebration had been planned to ing the guild they are welcomed and include a great gathering at Vest- made to feel at home. The junior minster in the new Central Build- guild is, of course, the great feedingings, and a simultaneous celebration ground of the older society.

in all the districts and circuits 'fHE CONTINENT throughout the land. It was ar- Protestantism in Europe ranged that on Sunday evening at 7 o'clock, the congregations in all the HE report of the Continental chapels, from Wesley's in London T Mission to the Irish General As- to the tiny wayside chapel in the re- sempIy says this about the progress motest hamlet, should bow for a of Protestantism on the Continent: moment in silent prayer, and then "The French Protestants have now rise to sing: "All hail the power of surmounted the temporary acute dif- Jesus' Name," to the tune "Miles ficulties created by the Separation Lane." Act, dissolving the connection be-

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tween Church and State:. . . They He is one of the most brilliant and have now a considerably larger in- successful writers of the present day, come from the free will offerings of as his book, entitled, "The Quest of the members than they formerly re- the Historical Jesus," witnesses. Havceived from the State. . . . Evan- ing had the matter of becoming a gelistic work is being carried on missionary upon his mind for some more extensively and vigorously time, he studied medicine, and has than hitherto. . . . And a farther now gone at his own expense to the and cheering factor in the situatiofl French Kongo-his work, while indeis that more and better men are of- pendent, to be closely affiliated with fering themselves for education for that of the Paris society. The funds the ministry. which are supporting Dr. Schweitzer have been secured through his gifts as "In Italy the influence of Protest- a musician. He is known throughout antism is seen, not merely in the Germany as a brilliant organist, and members enrolled in the different perhaps the greatest authority upon churches, but also in the spread of the music of Bach. The British spiritual life, and of a ·desire for re- Weekly speaks of him as ."a tall, form inside the Church of Rome. broad-shouldered man in the late thir- The cultured Italian modernists find ties, powerfully built. He has a pleastheir spiritual nourishment in Protest- ant dark eye, dark hair, worn rather ant literature; our latest books are short, with no suggestion of the diletto be found in their private libraries, tante, features blunt but well cut, with either in their original language or the strong chin of the man of action; in translations; and in their writings, the whole personality keenly alive and in their sermons, in their modernis- magnetic." tic utterances, the influence of French Protestant literature, es- Hospital Pledged for Albania pecially, is evident." REFERENCE was made in the Moral Decline in France December number of the RE- VIEW to the great opportunity be- A GROUP of Frenchmen declare fore the American Board in Al- ,," that a brutal appetite for bania, and it is a cause for thallks- . pleasure has been intensified in giving that some steps are being France; that scandals, crimes, sui- taken to meet it. At the annual cides and madness have multiplied. meeting of the American Board in They have posted statements to this Kansas City Miss Ellen M. Stone effect with reasons for the decline of pleaded for the Board to take postheir national power, on walls session of Albania in the name of throughout their country. They Christ. Learning that the Prudenstate that in the past few years more tial Committee had authorized the than 350,000,000 obscene papers and raising of a fund of $65,000 for pamphlets and IO,OOO,OOO filthy postal pushing the work in Albania, with cards and photographs have been cir- trembling voice she said: "This is culated in France. Besides these, it just the sum you paid for my reis said that thousands and thousands lease when I was captured by brigof excitements to debauchery from ands. You paid $65,000 to save one music halls, cafe chantants and real- American woman. Will you not do istic plays, have contributed to this as much to save a nation?" It was awful condition. If "we sow the a thrilling moment. wind we shall reap the whirlwind." After an address by Rev. C. T. A German Scholar as Missionary Erickson, of Albania, a home mis- siona,ry pastor from North Dakota RELIGIOUS and academic circles arose and headed a movement to in Europe are deeply stirred by raise $10,000 to build a Christian the going out to Africa of the famous hospital in Albania. The following German scholar, Dr. Albert Schweitzer.

cable message was sent from the cussion of questions of curriculum, meeting to the Albanian Govern- training of teachers, the use and abuse ment: of text-books, physical training, com- ity, salaries, relations with the govern- "Kaimal Bey, President, Avlona. ment, and Sunday-school work. The American Board of Missions in annual meeting assembled, profound- The Les.oD of the Balkan War ly sympathizes with Albania. May God speedily send peace, prosperity MR. FRANKLIN E. HOSKINS, and the triumph of national right- a missionary in Syria for 30 eousness. A modern hospital pledged years, speaks with authority of con- for Albania." ditions in that part of the world. He says, in a recent letter: "While each The following reply was received: nationality has had its champions to "American Board of Missions, Bos- uphold the one and defame all 'the ton. Thanks for dispatch. Please rest, it is more than certain that present the gratitude of the Albanian everyone of them has a story of people and government to the Ameri- barbaric crime and outrage. But it can Board for past and future fa- is equally certain that some have re- vors. Ismail Kemal, President of ceived much more of the blame than Provisional Government of Albania." they deserve. The Greeks have done the most looting and burning, the ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS Servians next.

Planning a Campaign "There is one lesson (of the Bal- kan War) written large for all who As a result of an educational con- are interested in Protestant Missions. ference in Beirut, Syria, in Austrian, Russian, and Turkish in- 191I, the Missionary Educational fluence have done their best and Union of Syria and Palestine has been their worst to keep Protestant mis- formed. The aim is to afford oppor- sions out of the Balkans. Austria tunity for cooperation among educa- has represented the most cruel and tional workers in these lands. The des pot i c influences of Roman first regular meeting was held in J eru- Catholicism. Russia has represented salem July 31, August I and 2, with the most archaic form of the Chris- the Rev. W. S. Nelson, of the Ameri- tian Church, while Turkey has for , can Presbyterian Board, as chairman, centuries represented the undying and Prof. W. H. Hall, principal of hostility of Islam to these con- the Syrian Protestant College, as sec- quered yet forever rebellious provin- retary. Later, officers were elected ces. These converging and hostile under the constitution adopted for a influences playing upon the confused term of two years, as follows: Mar- tangle of races, religions, languages, shall N. Fox, of the Friends' Mission, and century-old blood feuds, have chairman, and Miss M. C. Warburton, produced a seething mass of warring of the British Syrian Mission, secre- aspirations and expectations that tary-treasurer. The British Syrian defy the best effort of civilized Mission Schools, Church Missionary Europe to separate or reconcile Society, Church of Sootlan<;l. Mission them." to the Jews, Danish Mission in the Orient, Dufferin and Proctor Memor- From none of these peoples or ial Schools, Friends Foreign Mission governments can we expe~t much Association, Irish Presbyterian Mis- but opposition to Protestant missions. sion, J ebail Settlement, Jerusalem and the East Mission, London Society for A Constantinople Y.M.C.A. Promotion of Christianity among the Jews, Presbyterian Board, Syrian A YOUNG "'MEN'S CHRISTIAN Protestant College and a number of ASSOCIATION has recently other missions and schools were rep- been opened in Pera, Constantinople, resented. The subjects included dis- and is meeting a long-felt need, as is evidenced not only by the verbal

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assurances of scores of men but also undertakings; for building~; for by the way they come to the rooms home expenses; and last, but by no and use the various privileges. There means least, for philanthropic and is scarcely an evening hour in the humanitarian service especially in week when some class 01' literary emergencies of famine and plague, society is not in session. There are there has passed not less than $10,- already 64 men enrolled in the En- 000,000.

glish classes, which meet four times The Transformation Wrought a week. Several men are enrolled for classes in French, German, Tur- T HE change is not so much of in- dividuals as of the whole popukish, Greek and English and French lation-their style of living, their stenography. moral and social ideals, their capacity for progress. Hinduism itself is un- The Association might lay a fair dergoing a transformation. It is reclaim to the term "Cosmopolitan" as verting to all that is noble and great there are no less than I I nationali- in its ancient religious literature. The ties included in its membership. Most determining factor in selection from that vast mass of sacred books is of these members find in the reading room papers and magazines in their evidently the presence of Christianity own languages.-The Orient.

INDIA and the recognition of a Christian What Indian Missions Have Cost standard. The most popular religious book in India to-day is the Bhaga- A CCORDING to Rev. R. A. vad-Gita; and this beautiful poem Hume, it is absolutely impossible has been called out of its obscurity to give any exact or even any ap- and neglect because it offers a sin- I proximately adequate estimate of gular parallel to the main idea of what amount of money has come to Christianity. Krishna is presented India through 41 American and as the incarnation of Brahma, call- Canadian missionary organizations. ing his worshipers to himself, and But the pioneer organization which promising them, by way of contemleads in celebrating this hundredth plation and devotion, eternal life. anniversary of the coming of the Happily, the poem contains much first American missionaries, viz., the beautiful teaching. To have induced American Marathi Mission, is able to India to make the Bhagavad-Gita the make a fairlv correct pecuniary popular scripture of educated men is statement. Th~ books of its treasur- one achievement of Christianity.- er show that through the hands of the representatives of this single DR. HAIGH. American organization, for the di- A Remarkable Testimony from India T verse items of expense for outfit, HE late Maharajah of Travan- core had the reputation of being passage, support and furloughs of missionaries; for the training and one of the most learned of all mod- employment of large numbers of In- ern Hindu princes. When a young dian agents, largely Christian, yet, man, he used to give lectures to partly non-Christian; for direct spiri- the young men of his own country.

tual work; for many scores of edu- Altho he himself never accepted cational institutions of many grades Christianity, yet he said these strik- in which tens of thousands of Chris- ing words about the Bible: "Where tian and non-Christian boys and girls do the English people get their have received a sound education; for knowledge, intelligence, cleverness a large amount of original and trans- and power? It is their Bible that lated literary work in books, maga- gives it to them; and now they bring zines, newspapers, tracts, etc., etc.; it to us, translate it into our lan- for hospitals, dispensaries, and guage, and say, 'Take it, read it, ex- varied work; for advanced industrial amine it, and see if it is not good.'

They do not force it upon us as of the new bridge at Sara, Governthe Mohammedans did their Koran, ment was coIlecting six thousand but they bring it saying, 'This is children, whose heads were to be what raised us; take it and raise buried under the foundations. The yourselves.' Of one thing I am con- same report was current at the time vinced, that, do with it what we will, when the Jubilee bridge was being oppose it as we may, it is the Chris- built at Naihati; and has its origin in tian's Bible that will sooner or later the belief that the gods are angered work out the regeneration of our by the bridging of the river and the land."-The Bible in the W orId. interference with the current, and can only be appeased by sacrifice. A Oddities of Oriental Languages vehicle in which an unoffending Ben- gali was going to Howrah Station AN article in the Bible in the W orId, was stopt on a mere rumor that by Sir George A. Grierson, illus- he was a collector of children; he trates some of the language difficulties was beaten and the vehicle ruined. of the Far East. There are languages, iThen such reports can find accepsuch as Shan (used in Burma), in tance in Calcutta, what can be exwhich no word consists of more than pected in the rural districts!"- The one syIlable, so that one word has to do Harvest Field. duty for several ideas. The speakers help out the meanings of these words The Dancing Girl Cur8e in India by singing them, so that, to take an example, ma, ma, ma, ma, ma, m'eans THE attention of our readers has (if to be properly intoned), "Help the been drawn several times to the horse! A mad dog is coming." Hkai, laudable efforts of the British Govhkai, hkai, hkai, is sung so as to mean, ernment to improve the condition of HI wish to seIl mottled eggs"; and pa, the children in India, especially the pa, pa, pa, pa, pa, to mean, Aunt went girls (see MISSIONARY REVIEW, 19II, toward the jungle with fish slung on pp. 7II and 947). We are glad to her shoulder." notice that the question of Muralis or dancing girls attached to Hindu tem- Ignorant Opposition in Calcutta ples (who it is well known are almost without exception leading immoral T HE growth of universities in In- lives), is now engaging the atten- dia should not make us forget how tion of government. In South India small a proportion of the popUlation there are hundreds of Hindu temples is, after all, touched by the higher to which these devadasis or "hand education, and what a powerful hold maids of the gods" are attached in superstition has upon them. From large numbers, and any well-con- Calcutta, the home of the Bengali sidered step to reduce the baneful babu, who so boasts himself of his fruits of this hateful institution learning and his culture, comes the which is in no way connected with following item: Hinduism will be welcomed by the thoughtful section of the Hindu HAnticipating the Juvenile Offen- community. The Mysore governders' Act, the police last month took ment have banished dancing girls from the streets of Calcutta a nU111- from temple worship in the religious ber of children who were employed institutions throughout the state, and as beggars, cigaret sellers, etc., and nobody has ever sugge>'ted that the sent them to the Refuge, a home for action of that government was an the homeless poor of all creeds, interference with the religious usage castles and ages. This action was of the people, and there is no reason laid hold of by certain mischievous why what has been achieved in Mypersons as proof of the truth of a sore should be impossible of accomreport which has been in circulation plishment elsewhere in India. -that in order to ensure the stability

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Tibetans Seeking Knowledge tened w.ell to the Gospel." Mr. Podin FOUR Tibetan young men, sons held eight meetings and gave to each of high officials, and some Tibe- prisoner personally a New Testament. tan lads from Darjeeling, have sailed There were men among the prisoners to England, in charge of an English- who had never heard the story of speaking Tibetan, for education at Christ and Him Crucified, and all the government's expense. They will creeds and nationalities were represtay in England for ten years, sented. studying language, handicrafts and law. It is hardly more than a But the very next day he visited generation since similar notices could the second prison in Tomsk, with 908 be seen in our newspapers of Japan- inmates. It was of quite a different ese youth coming from their closed kind, with men who could not be let and isolated land. Ve observe also together, because among them were that a cinematograph company, fin- prisoners who had committed heavy anced and managed solely by Tibet- crimes. There were many, also, conans, has been organized at Kalim- demned to hard labor, hands and feet pong. It starts presently for Lhasa, in chains, who looked into a dark and giving exhibitions en route. Among hopeless future. There were women, the films is one of the English Coro- also, who had committed grievous nation. sins and crime. The story of Mr. Podin's visit to other prisons in Si- In Siberian Prison. beria reads similarly, revealing a dark picture of gloom and despair, into T HE reports concerning the state which fall the rays of hope and light of affairs and the treatment of from the Gospel which he preaches prisoners in Siberian prisons usuaUy to these men and women, and places speak of cruelty and barbarity, of . printed into the prisoners' hands. He utter desolation and hopelessness, so visited more than 23,000 Siberian that it is refreshing to read in Evan- prisoners in I9I I.

gelical Christendom of Mr. Adam CHINA Podin's visit to the great prison in Tomsk, in which he preached to about Union Movement in China P I,600 inmates. He says, "This prison RACTICAL progress has been made by the different denominacould be called the model prison of Russia, and perhaps it would not be tions in China toward union in re- too much to .'lay a model prison of ligions, educational, and humanitarian the world. The Governor was like a work. At Nanking, for instance, in father to his children. He was such central China, the ancient capital, the an inventor that he found work for Methodists, Presbyterians, and Dis- each one. They had factories within ciples have already united in all the prison, and their own electricity preparatory and college work, and -everything done by electric power. also in the theological and medical The best Dutch tiles made on the schools. The result is that better premises; brick-kilns where the best education is being furnished. The bricks are produced. They make their Baptists are planning to unite with own boots and shoes, weave all kinds the other bodies in the work at of cloth, and clothe 600 soldiers from Nanking.

head to foot. Besides, they have two In southern China the Methodists farms, where the criminals are work- and Congregationalists have already ing on the field. . The prison- united in their theological schools, ers are not guarded by soldiers, but and the Methodists and the Episco- all answer for one and for all. palians in the medical schools. In It works well, and they do not run western China the Baptists, Metho- away. The officials were thankfnl dists, and English Quakers have for my visit, and the poor men lis- united in all preparatory, college, 11or-

mal and professional work. In ed by fully 300 delegates. The parnorthern China the Methodists, Pres- ticipants came from distances rangbyterians, and Congregationalists are ing from 10 to 80 miles, and in planning to bring their theological various manners of conveyances. One schools together and in this region old lady, 83 years old, walked 2S all the missions have united in medi- miles to be present at the meeting. cal school work. Finally, as a re- She had been a Christian for more sult of the conferences held last than 3S years, and could not bear spring under Dr. Mott's leadership, to be absent. Others came by wheelall the Protestant missions in China barrow and some by the modern trains. have voted to unite, at as early a The spirit of the conference was date as practicable, in all educational deeply impressive, and after the wowork with the exception of the pri- men returned to their homes rumors mary schools.-The Outlook. began to come back of the work they were doing among their friends, How the Gospel .Transforms and neighbors. In one family-one of the most exclusive of the gentry T HE Mios, aborigines of southern of Weihsien–one of the young wo- China, were ten years ago un- men members, who is interested in speakable heathen-drunken and dis- Christianity, was allowed to attend solute. A great Christian movement the conference in a private room, and is changing the hearts of tens of thou- was greatly imprest. The attendance sands. Mr. Nichol, who is working of this young woman was a breakamong them, tells of "pig collections" ing of precedent, for this family for mission work, at which 174 were was one of those who do not aliow contributed by one. Christian commu- their women to go out to church or nity and driven to the market town, mingle in any of the new movements. bringing the total to date up to 300. She was deeply imprest by the ex- perience. To Be Known Only as Christians A Chinese Official's Bequest to Mi••ions W ORD comes from Peking that the Christians of that city have T HE financial evidences of Chrisalmost entirely eliminated from their tianity in a mission field are alvocabulary the denominational names ways impressive. Recently word has which the missionaries among them come that a Chinese gentleman has feel obliged to employ. No Chinese bequeathed his entire property to the speaks of a Methodist, Presbyterian, American Baptist Foreign Missionary Baptist, etc. The churches are called Society, with the stipulation that after by their location, "Church at Sec- his death it is' to be used for the ond Street," "Filial Piety Street," spread of the gospel in China. He etc. One of the Chinese Episcopal- has notified his brother in China to ians said frankly that the Chinese of act as executor for his property in their mission "would join hands with that country, to see that the proviother Christians, if their clergymen sions of his will are carried out. The did not object." name of this gentleman is withheld, for at the present time he is in Women's Conference in Weihsien America holding an important posi- tion under the Chinese Government. A L THO here and there a woman He is said to be a splendid type of has stood out strongly from Chinese Christian gentleman, well her sisters, the great mass of wo- educated, and able to speak three manhood in China has until recent Chinese dialects, as well as English. years borne very little public part INhen he was eight years of age his in religious life, but it is being in- father and mother became Christians. creasingly noted that the women are It is his desire and expectation, to coming to the fore. A women's conference held recently at Weihsien, in the Shantung province, was attend-

WORLD-WIDE M1SSIONARY NEWS

return to China at the close of his ty years. In the evening over 1,200 present government service, and spend people assembled in the theater and the remainder of his life in preach- listened most quietly to the preaching the gospel to his own people. ing and Bible reading and when he left the next day besought him to ar- JAPAN-KOREA range for some help in the way of pastoral care. The fact that these The Gospel Power in Japan large numbers in a place without a resident pastor can be willing to ONE of our Methodist exchanges listen quietly to the preaching of the says: Gospel is a most encouraging fact and should quicken prayer. "The reports for the past year show success at almost every point. "M Korea'. Unrest There is not even one point devoid of ISSIONARIES are sometimes hope. Methodism has graduaIIy accused of creating unrest prest forward until we are now among the Korean people," writes second in membership among all the Rev. D. A. Bunker, a Methodist the Protestant denominations of the worker in Seoul. "And I fancy we empire. For the past year that part shall have to plead guilty. No OlriSof Methodism called the Nippon tian man or woman can come among (Japan) Methodist Church, formed this people as a teacher of higher by the' union of Canadian, Northern things without causing unrest. A and Southern Methodists, stands first thought of something higher, somein the number of baptisms. The sig- thing better to be attained, implanted nal success of the Church in Korea in the mind of an ignorant Korean for several years past has been a is a revolutionary germ. It takes matter of great reioicing throughout root. It transforms a life. The the Christian world. This past year germ multiplies and spreads. A our Church in Japan has gone ahead, neighborhood, a village, a county, a in results. of our Church, even in state, is stirred up, revolutionized. Korea. This wiII be an inspiration The process is inevitable. No power to our Church in America, for some all earth can stop it. It is God's of you had lost hope for Christianity way of leading His people out of a in Japan. I am credibly informed barren existence into the more abunthat it is stated in America that our dant life. There is no other way. Church has lost its opportunity in Yes, the missionaries are guilty of Japan. Do not believe it for one having said a lot of things which minute. The work has been diffi- have set the Koreans to thinking. cult-is stilJ difficult. No nation was VVe have stirred up a wide-spread ever easily Christianized." unrest, and hundreds of thousands who sitting in darkness were unable A Remarkable Incident. to see or think intelligently, are clamoring for admission into the T HE Bishop of Kiu-Shiu, the circle of progressive humanity." southern of the principal islands of Japan, in the course of a sermon The Korean Revival Continues in Nagasaki on June 8, said that during the previous six weeks he had ONE indication of the virility been enabled to preach to over 12,- of the cause is seen in the 000 people, and that at one place be- recent opening of the Central Prestween Kumamoto and Kagoshima byterian Church at Seoul. The basewhere there had been no missionary ment accommodates a day-school of or resident pastor for twelve years, 100 pupils, and has besides a prayerhis visit was welcomed by the mayor meeting room accommodating 300, and ex-mayor who profest them- The main floor will seat (in Korean selves as being baptized Christians. style) over 2,000, and at the dedica- They introduced him to thirty others, some having been believers for twen-

tion there were by actual count 2,- ing practical interest in philanthropy 108 people present. This church is and reform. At Fayoum $5,000 was not for Sunday use only. Already subscribed at one meeting toward the it has been used for sessions of the establishment of children's clinics, men's training class of 600 coming while at Beni-Suef, $7,000 was sub- in from the country around, and scribed for a similar object. taught in eight grades, and also for the women's winter class of 500. A Anglo-Egyptian Sudan During the sessions of these classes c. M. S. st(1tion was open~d by over 200 were provided with sleeping the Revs. A. Shaw, K.. E. accommodations on the premises. And Japan is friendly to the cause, Hamilton and E. C. Gore, among the as the presence of the Minister of Azandi tribe in February at Yambio, the Interior, the second official in 259 miles west of Gondokoro. These Korea, and the Minister of Educa- people are described as considertion, proclaimed on the day of dedi- ably higher in the scale of intellication. gence and civilization than the Nil- otic tribes. They wear clothes and NORTH AFRICA manufacture ingenious domestic im- plements and musical instruments. Material Progress in Egypt. They are very numerous and cover a vast area, exercising a dominating A DISPATCH from Cairo to the influence over surrounding tribes. New Yark Herald reviews the General Gordon appealed for the remarkable development in Egypt un- evangelization of these people. der recent British administration. New works in connection with irriga- EAST AFRICA tion, drainage, roads, etc., are in progress everywhere. In every part From an African Girl Df the country new roads are being constructed. A few years ago it T HE following is an extract from was not possible to automobile for a letter received by one of the more than twelve miles outside Cairo, teachers at the girls' school at Lovenow automobilists can drive to Alex- dale, South Africa: "The best of andria, H elouan, Sakhhara and other all that I can entrust you with is places. The physical condition of this, that I am now a true child of the native Egyptian is receiving care- God. Oh, what· bliss to have a ful attention. In addition to the heavenly fellowship 1 I never knew eye hospitals and general hospitals what is sealed up in giving your which have existed for some time heart to the Lord. N ow I enjoy there are now being established in doing my work, and also do I underthe provinces maternity hospitals, un- stand the responsibility of it. Now der the control of Dritish nurses, I can read my Bible with more unand special clinics for the prevention derstanding; I can pray as one speakand cure of ankylostomiasis (Egyp- ing to a father. So this i.s the chief tian anaemia), a malady which hith- and best part of my letter to you. erto has been allowed to affect great I hope you will be very glad, as I ravages among the industrious fel- myse1 f am. For I know even in laheen. In Cairo evidences of the heaven there was joy for a soul reextraordinary activity of Lord Kitch- turned from the wild." cner are to be seen everywhere, and the city in places has been completely An African King Lays a Corner-stone transformed during the summer months. Vealthy natives are not in- T HE King of Uganda, in native different observers in the great work costume, and attended by native which is carried OIL Tn most of the provinces they are saiel 1() he show- chiefs, on September 5th laid the foundation-stone of the Church Mis- c., sionary Society's new building in Salishnr}"csql1are, – E. he fore a

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

large audience. It was recorded on At the new out-station Olama, 62. the stone that the ceremony was car- miles north of Lolodorf, So profest ried out by an African King-the Christ. Evangelistic spirit domill~,t"s first Christian King of Buganda. the Mission. Sir J 01111 Kennaway (president of the C. M. S.) received the King and his The engine and machinery for the chiefs. The stone -having been low- new saw-mill arrived safely at Elat ered, the King said: "In the faith and were duly place.d. From early of Jesus Christ we fix this stone." morning till late afternoon crowds of people came to see thi..,; "wonder." WEST AFRICA A great curiosity was a 28-foot well which the missionaries dug. "Who- Long Waiting for the Gospel ever heard of such a thing? If the white people say they are going to I Na town of the delta of Nigeria make water run up a tree I would missionaries found that the natives believe it and go to my town without bad long been waiting for their ar- even waiting to see if they do it," rival. For two years they had been were the words of an astonished bykeeping the Sabbath, and to aid their stander.-Presoyterian Bulletin. memories they had kept in their houses pieces of wood bored with Progress on the Kamerun seven holes in which they would insert a peg for each day as it passed. MRS. C. W. McCLEARY writes They had a meeting every morning fr0111 Botange, Kamerun: "Our and repeated this quaint prayer: "Oh average number of baptism is 200, God we beg you, make you look but a year ago, our church was blown good to-day; make you no trouble down, and we had no class advanced. we, or do we any bad; we beg you, These 50 candidates this time were we beg you." How pathetic it was strays and left-overs. The week prethat these Nigerian negroes should ceding was a strenuous one. One for two years have been meeting item I forgot was that on that day regularly and offering prayer while 150 new confessions were made. waiting for someone to come to them :1any of these were the result of our with the message of light. village school teachers, as our evange- lists were here in schoo!. Now they A Live Work in West Africa have gone out, about 40 in all, and we hope for good harvests~the fields T HREE thousand have been taken are white. In spite of local churches into the catechumen class at Elat, and out-stations, we still have great Vest Africa, during the year. Sun- crowds at our communion services. day-school membership, 3,500; church The last one, on April 6, eclipsed all offerings for each month of the year, former records. These are the figover $100.00. Fifteen hundred boys ures: Present, 7,000, plus three overand girls in the day-school and 4,000 flow meetings; baptized, 51 adults and in 50 village schools. 14 babies; advanced, 392 (eligible for memhership in a year); collection, New station at Metet growing 700 plus marks (German), nearly rapidlY-370 enrolled in the school. $200; present enrolment (church), Extensive gardens planted, school- I,I08. At one out-station that day, house, church, storehouses erected. 2,000 were present; at the other one, At out-station 74 enrolled catechu- 1,000. mens; all fetishes given up. Many confessions. CENTRAL AFRICA Large audiences at Efulen and Lo- Communion in Central Africa loclorf. Many candidates for the lllini~try. Early morning prayer EYERY newly organized church meet1l1gs in villages conducted by COUllts its 1110St solemn service ~'Olll1g SellOO] hays-very large atten- that one when the members meet at dance. the Coml1111njon tahle. Dan Craw-

ford, the African missionary whose :;upervi:;e the carrying out of the law.

'fascinating book, "Thinking Black," The mission stations are not directly is rousing such enthusiasm, teIls how affected, but their work will naturally the converted chief of a heathen vil- be made 1110re difficult, if they are lage came to him one day saying, separated in this way from the ma- "Might not we celebrate together the jority of the natives,-Translated Feast of ,Memories?" Then, remem- fr0111 Der Missions Freund.

bering who makes the third when two are thus gathered together, the mis- Christian Teaching in Madagascar T sionary and the African chief, there HE French Administration in in the jungle, celebrated the Lord's Madagascar opened more than Supper. "vVe had an old battered 500 official schools between the years box upside down," says Mr. Craw- 1896 and I912, the majority of the ford, "and a mug minus a handle, teachers being trained in the Normal but what of that? Is it not written School maintained by the Governthat on all the vessels shall be 'holi- ment. The instruction is on modern ness unto the Lord'?" lines. However, hundreds of ele- Hungry for the Word mentary schools maintained by the missionaries have been closed, and FROM May, 19I2, to January, I913, .in many places no adequate Chris- 64 different delegations visited the tian education is provided for the American Presbyterian Mission on children of church-members, As the the Kasai, asking for Protestant Government standard of normal teachers for their villages, These training is exacting some special efcame from a radius of 500 kilometers forts need to be made to place and represe!'lt a population of I20,- the teachers in the Christian schools coo people who are successfully re- 011 a par with those in the official sisting the pressure of Romanist pro- schools. To meet this need, ·the paganda. The king of Bakuba, one five Protestant missions of various of the 1110St industrious and military nationalities are uniting to establish peoples of the Kongo, is urging his a joint Normal school at Antananpeople to attend Christian services arivo. Meanwhile the organization and to send their children to mission of the Sunday-schools is partly makschools, Translations of reading ing up for the lack of religious inbook, hy11111 book; and parts of the struction in day schools. Courses of Scriptures have already been made graded lessons and other helps are into Bakuba. used among some 500 churches in Imerina and -Betsileo. The large SOUTH AFRICA AND MADAGASCAR day schools for boys and girls in Race Distinction in South Africa Antananarivo continue to flourish; T lIE Parliament of South Africa there are over 2,500 in these schools. has recently passed a law, from – T he Student rVo1"/d.

which it is to be feared there will No Color Line result not only great social changes, C but considerable hindrance to mission- HRIST died for yellow, black, white and brown. The bringing ary work. In the future the negroes are to be allowed to live with the of a yellow, black, or brown man into whites as servants and as industrial H is kingdom will cause just as deep workers, but in other matters a sharp a joy to well up in their hearts as line must be drawn between blacks ever welled up in heart of white and whites. The negroes must settle man. The joy in heaven over one in certain specified localities, and they sinner that repenteth is absolutely and the white men are not to be al- color-blind, and heaven is just as lowed to buy land from one another. near to the celestial empire or Dark- /. commission has been appointed, to est Africa or the Isles of the Pacific

as to the United States. "God's broke out, and developed into an country" is the whole round earth, organized attack upon the Chinese and not anyone section of it.-Chrzs- quarter, resulting in grave casualties tian World. and requiring the intervention of the military. OCEAN WORLD Evangelized Islands Moslem Activity in Java T HE withdrawal of a missionary T HE N eukirchen Missionsbote re- f rom a sphere of work is usual- ports the formation by the Mo- ly a matter for regret, but this can hammedans of Java of a "Sarekat hardly be the feeling in regard to Islam," or Islamic Association, 'whose the situation at Aneityum and Fuobject is to raise the Javanese com- tuna in the New Hebrides. Dr. mercially and economically, and to Gunn, the Scotch Presbyterian misplace the movement on a religious, sionary, has, along with his wife, i.e., Mohammedan, basis, as being Jone excellent work there for the the most binding force for the mass last thirty years. When they landed of the people. The association, in Futuna it was largely a heathen which is said to number already island without a Church-member. 3~ members, held its first gen- The natives have now abandoned eral meeting in March at Surakarta, heathenism and become a Christian the place of its origin, and was at- community. The evangelization of tended by thousands of members the islands has been accomplished from neighboring districts, as well as and Dr. Gunn has now asked the by a large number of delegates from Foreign Mission Committee to withdistant auxiliaries. It was stated draw him. He has done the work at the meeting that the aim of the he was sent to do. The Committee movement would be to promote the has agreed to his suggestion and has well-being of the natives of Dutch offered him a post in the Tral1skei. Indonesia and to further the Mo- tho it is possible that after his hammedan religion by means of the long labors in the islands he may press, the opening of cooperative retire and live in New South Wales. shops and direct propaganda. The The islands will henceforward be religious character of the movement supervised by the New South Wales is to be emphasized when dealing Church. with orthodox Mohammedans, while the natives generally are to be at- Islander's Church Costume tracted by the national note. If the movement should result in the T HE Rev. Philip Delaporte degrowth of freedom and independ- scribes some native laborers ence, it would render the people ftom the Truk Lagoon in the Caromore accessible for missionary pur- lines, who were working in the Marposes, and so far might be of ad- shall Islands. When their first pay vantage to the cause of Christian day arrived a suit of European gar- Missions; but in such case consider- ments was bought. After a while able reinforcements of the staff would this first suit became filthy and be needed both for evangelistic and dirty. Result! A second suit was educational work. The missionaries ·purchased with the next money who report this development regard earned and put on top of the first. it with some anxiety, and their at- "When I saw them they had just titude has been justified by recent covered the first two garments with occurrences. At Semarang, where a third edition. Proudly adorned the auxiliary numbers some 10,000 with three suits of clothes, a pair members, fierce religious excitement of Blucher boots and with their faces painted yellow, they came to church."

ON MISSION"S

AND MISSION LANDS ANTHONY COMSTOCK, FIGHTER. By Charles noble Stanislaus and the patient Kos- G. Trumbull. Illustrated, 8vo, 240 pp. ciusko were Poles. The story of Po- $1.25. Fleming H. Revell Co., I9I3. land is a sad one, like the history of Palestine, but it has inspiration and There is nothing more thrilling or instruction for all. more heroic than this story of the battles for youth and purity fought To-day the Polish peasants are reagainst human beasts of prey. The ligious but ignorant. The customary physical courage 'displayed is only greeting with bared head is "Christ be second to the moral courage that praised," with the response, "For ever could not be intimidated either by and ever." They are slow to move and physical violence or by attacks on slow to change, so that they are crude character. but seldom vulgar. The women do much manual work and live hard, Mr. Comstock began his fight for others at eighteen years of age when cheerless lives. There is a quaint cushe hunted a mad dog in his home tom of painting hands on the wintown. He next took up the fight dow-casing of houses in which there against a dive-keeper, whose place are marriageable daughters. Christmas the boy raided single handed. The and holy week are great occasions, but smell of battle led him on to fur- the people as a whole have little real ther contests in behalf of the boys mental grasp of the Christian religion. and girls and he gradually acquired Jews are numerous and are hated by a national reputation as the foe of the so-called Christians. The reading all forms of soul-destroying vice. of Mr. 'Winter's volume will create Mr. Trumbull, the able editor of more sympathy for both Jewish and The Sunday-School Times, has graph- Catholic Poles. ically and impressively told the story of the man, his fights, his foes and THE HORIZON OF AMERICAN MISSIONS. By his victories. The character of those he seeks to put out of business Isaac Newton McCash. 12mo, 192 pp. is shown by their unscrupulous methods of attacks-the deadly con- $I.OO, net. Fleming H. Revell CO. 19I3. cealed weapons, the smallpox scabs sent by mail, the inshmating news- Dr. McCash, secretary of the Ameripaper paragraphs, and the threats against his family. It is a stirring can Christian (Disciples) Missionary story for old and young and should not only beget sympathy for the man Society, delivered these lectures in the and his work, but should raise up other fighters to continue the battle College of Missions at Indianapolis. to the finish. They give us a simple but practical, POLAND OF To-DAY AND YESTERDAY. By Nevin O. Winter. Illustrated, 8vo, 349 well-balanced survey of American pp. $3.00, net. L. C. Page & Co. Boston, Home Missionary Endeavor, the ne- I913· glected fields, the problem of the cities, In attractive style, and with sympa- and the forces at hand for the Christhetic insight, this writer has described the romance and tragedy of Polish his- tian conquest of America and of the tory. It is a land of heroes, once free but now opprest and maltreated by world. He challenges the attention of Russia; the people looked down upon by Anglo-Saxons, who forget that the Christians to the important present- day problems and needs: A spiritual Church, a united Christian Army, and a Godlike statesmanship. .

FIFTY M1SSIONABY HEROES EVERY Boy AND GIRL SHOULD KNOW. By Julia H. John- ston. 12mo, 221 pp. $1.00, net. Revell. 1913.

The word "Missionary" in front of the word "Hero" should give added zest to a boy's interest in these life stories. To physical daring is added York City. Others may obtain tbe moral courage and to a pioneer's ad- Directory, postpaid, for 2S cents.

.ventures are added persecution and a GOOSE CREEK FOLKS. By Isabel Graham noble purpose. A boy or girl must be Bush and Florence Lillian Bush. 224 pp.

indeed indifferent who will not be in- $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New terested in such men as Ziesberger York, I9I2.

among the Indians or Melinda Rankin The mountains of Kentucky have among the Mexicans; and a child will been the favorite field for many story- be lamentably ignorant who knows not writers in quest of picturesque mate- the names and deeds of such men as rial. The peculiar dialect of the Cyrus Hamlin, David Livingstone, and "Highlanders of the South," their Marcus Whitman, or such women as vices and virtues, feuds, passions and Charlotte Tucker, Eleanor Chestnut, prejudices offer varied attractions to and Eliza Agnew. There are 50 of the reader of fiction.

them-all friends worth knowing, and The present volume deals with new their stories are simply told if not conditions in the Kentucky mountains, always in a literary style best adapted where the boys and girls are eagerly to children. responding to the educational oppor~ TOURIST DIRECTORY OF CHRISTIAN WORK. tunities offered by missionary and philanthropic schools. Already intel- Illustrated. Traveler's guide to mission- lectual and manual training of the ary institutions in the Far East, India young people have had an uplifting and Egypt. Issued by a committee (Rob- ert E. Speer, chairman) appointed by the influence on the morality of many a Conference of all the Foreign Mission Boards of North America. 1913. mountain community. Feuds have This is a valuable booklet to direct been peaceably settled, and families tourists in Asia to the places where religious services are conducted in En- long at war with each other nOw english and to the most interesting foreign missionary operations. The in- gage in friendly rivalry to secure at troductory articles by Dr. Arthur J. any sacrifice the coveted "l'arnin' " for Brown deal with criticisms of missions their children. <• and explain the various kinds of CIu-btian work abroad. The Directory This story describes the transformcovers Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, Singapore, Burma, India, and ing' effect of education on so<;~al life Egypt. in the mountains, which musfiesult This Directory will be welcomed by in developing a new people, no1'onger every Christian traveler. We hope that a future edition will be even more content to lead a lazy, animal' -existcomplete and will contain a map. It would be helpful also if there were a ence, but inspired by high ideal~; am- 110te of tourist agencies in the East where guides to missions may be ob- bitions, and spiritual aims. T!i~au­ tained. thors have produced a study thatr~aqs like a faithful transcript of life as it is, without any fictional coloring. The characters are vital and interesting, drawn with unaffected realism from intimate observation. The story is handled with considerable skill'and artistic restraint.

The booklet is for free distribution THE BOOK OF BABIES. Child Life in Mis- to travelers in Asia. Copies may be sionary Lands. By Mary Entwistle. obtained from pursers or librarians on Illustrated. 6d., net. London Missionthe steamers of the principal Trans- ary Society. 1913.

Pacific and English-Indian lines and. This little book about babies of from the leading tourist agencies ina,; China, Africa, Persia, Japan, Burma, few of the seaports of Asia. Copie~; India and othEr lands gives just the will also be mailed free to those about!', material that mothers and teachers of to sail to Asia who write to the Anglo..;' small children will find useful in American Communities Committee, teaching their EttIe ones about other Room 806, IS6Fifth Avenue, New babies.

NEW BOOKS THE KEEPER OF THE VINEYARD. A Tale of W-IN NING A PRIMITIVE PEOPLE. Sixteen the Ozarks. By Caroline Abbot Stanley.

Years' Work among the Warlike Tribe Illustrated, 12mo, 344 pp. $1.25, fief. of the Ngoni and the Senga and Tum- buka Peoples of Central America. By Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. Donald Fraser. Illustrated, cloth. $1.50, LOVE STORIES OF GREAT MISSIONARIES. By net. E. P. Dutton & Co;, New York, Belle M. Brain. Illustrated, 16mo, 75 pp. 1913. A MISSIONARY'S LIFE IN THE LAND OF THE 50 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. GODS. By Isaac Dooman. Illustrated, THE P AR~BLE OF THE CHERRIES. By Edward 12mo. $2.00, net; postage, 15 cents. Rich- ard G. Badger, Boston, 1913. A. Stemer. Illustrated, r6mo., 64 pp. SPIRITUAL CONQUEST ALONG THE ROCKIES. By Rev. William Niccolls Sloan, Ph.D. 5? cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New 12mo, 242 pp. $1.25, net. George H. York, 1913. Doran Co., New York, 1913. OUT OF THE ABYSS. The Autobiography of EVERLASTING PEARL. One of China's one who was dead and is alive again. With a preface by the Rev. George Ste- Women.. By Anna Magdalena Johann- ven, D.D. Introduction by Gypsy Smith. sen. W Itl: ~ Preface by Walter B. Sloan. 12mO, 282 pp. $1.25, net. George H. Illustp' ~d, 16mo, III pp. China Inland Doran Company, New York, 1913. Mis~ -.1n, Philadelphia, 1913. AN HEROIC BISHOP. The Life-Story of French of Lahore. By Eugene Stock. HABEEB THE BELOVED. A Tale of Life in Illustrated, 12mo, 127 pp. 2S., net. Hod- der & Stoughton, New York, 1913. Modern Syria. By William S. Nelson, ANTHONY COMSTOCK, FIGHTER. By Charles G. Trumbull. Illustrated. I2mo, cloth. D.D. Illustrated, 16mo, 102 pp. 75 cents, $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York,1913. net. Westminster Press, Philadelphia, ESSENTIAL MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES. By Roland Allen, M.A. I2mo, cloth. $I.OO, 1913. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. HEPBURN OF JAPAN AND HIS WIFE AND A S'fUDY OF THE THLINGLETS OF ALASKA. By Livin~ston F. Jones. I2mo, cloth, illus- HELPMATES. A Life Story of Toil for trated. :jiI.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. Christ. By William Elliot Gdffis, D.D., L.H.D. Illustr~ted, 12mo, 238 pp. $1.50, FIFTY MISSIONARY HEROES EVERY Bo¥ AND GIRL SHOULD KNOW. By Julia H. John- net. Presbytenan Board of Publication ston. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. Philadelphia, 1913. '

THE HORIZON OF AMERICAN MISSIONS. By BRIGHAM YOUNG AND HIS MORMON EM- 1. N. McCash. I2mo, cloth. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. PIRE. By Frank J. Cannon and George L Knapp" I!!ustrated, 12mo, 398 pp. $1.50; THE NEW AMERICA. Home Missionary net. Flemmg H. Revell Co., New York, Study Course. By Mary Clark Barnes and Dr. Lemuel C. Barnes. Illustrated, 1913. 121110, cloth. 50 cents, net (postage, 7 cents), paper, 3OC. (postage, 5 cents). NINETy-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Fleming H. Revell Co., N ew York, 1913. A~[ERICA~ BIBLE SOCIETY, 1913. Together THE CONTINUATION COMMITTEE CONFER- S90 With a List of Auxiliary Societies Their ENCES IN ASIA, 1912-1913. A Brief Ac- Officers, and An Appendix. 8vo pp. count of the Conferences, together with their findings and lists of Members. 8vo, American Bible Society, New Y drk, 1913.

418 pp. Published by the Chairman of THE RETURN OF THE LORD JESUS. The Key the Continuation Committee, New York, to the Scripture, and the Solution of All 1913. Our Political and Social Problems or THE PASSING OF THE DRAGON. The Story The Golden Age that is Soon Coming to the Earth. By R. A. Torrey, D.D. -16mo, c. of the Shensi Revolution and Relief Ex~ 160 pp. Bible Institute of Los Angeles, pedition. By J. Keyte, M.A. Illus- trated,Bvo, 3II pp. Hodder & Stough- 1913. ton, London, 1913. ELECTRIC MESSAGES. The Official Organ of THE MAN OF EGYPT. By Clayton Sedgwick Cooper, M.A. Illustrated, 8vo, 300 pp. The Oriental Missionary Society. N 0- Hodder & Stoughton, New York and vember, 1912. Tokyo, Japan. London, 1913. PRESBYTERIAN FOREIGN MISSIONS INVEST- MENT. Board of Foreign Missions – 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. '

FINANCING THE WAGE-EARNER'S FAMILY.

A Survey of the Facts Bearing on In- come and Expenditures in the Families of American Wage-Earners. By Scott Nearing. 12mo, 171 pp. $1.25, net. B. "1. Huebsch, New York, 1913.

ST. AUGUSTINE, THE MISSIONARY. By Sir Henry Howarth, KC.I.E., D.C.L. Illus- trated, cloth, 8vo. $3.50, net. E. _Po Dut- ton & Co., New York, 1913.- A CHUltCH IN THE WILDS. A Story of the Establishment of the_ South American In- dian Mission among the hitherto Savage and Intracable Natives of the Paraguay- an Chaco. By W. Barbrooke Grubb. Illustrated, cloth, 12mo. $1.50, net. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1913.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1913

Missionary

CHINESE CHRISTIAN CHURCH ~THE THE CHURCH AS IT WILL BE ]L. Afr-CHURCH ANGLICAN ~AS ATION COUNCIL iJLIT CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR ~~lS LESSONS j1 METHODIST Y. M.C.A.

WEEK OF PRAYER INSTITUTE hJa"-. ~ GRACE CHURCH BIBLE STUDY A CHINESE VIEW OF THE CHURCH IN CHINA-AS IT IS AND AS IT SHOULD BE 1. The first diagram represents various denominations loosely bound together by various union Ail- ~t t:l BAPTIST organizations. 2. The second diagram shows a united church, sepal-ately organized in each province but united by a central body-one body in Christ and severally members one of another. ® of the World ~ Vol. XXXVI, No.9 SEPTEMBER, 1913 Vol. XXVI, No. 9 Old Series New Series Signs of the· Times TIMPORTANT QUESTIONS IN JAPAN a defective sense of religious re" HE recent conferences of mis- sponsibility on the part of church- sionaries in Japan have empha- members. More intensive work must sized the urgent need for at least 500 be done among communicants.

more mlsslOnaries. Foreigners and A recommendation was made by Japanese leaders are agreed on this the Japanese Conference and was point. Missionaries with special qual- heartily endorsed by the joint con- ifications are required for pioneering, ference of missionaries and Japanese for educational work, for training for a great forward movement by all teachers and for other tasks that at denominations, to have as its objects present can not be successfully done first, a deepening of the religious ex- by Japanese. A Christian university perience and life of the Church itself, is also loudly called for and a Chris- and second, a widespread presenta- tian college for women. tion of Gospel truth to the whole At the same time that this appeal non-Christian community. This is to is made for numerical and financial be carried out under the continuation reinforcements, the still greater need ;:ommittee of Japan during the com- is recognized for more spIritual ing three years.

power, for clearer spiritual vision and This continuation committee is for more complete consecration. to consist of 45 members, 15 each ap- Another recognized need in Japan pointed by the Federation of Churches is for a greatly increased force of and the Conference of Federated Japanese Christian evangelists-at Missions, and 15 additional members least one to. every ro,ooo people, or to be appointed by the other 30.

5,000 evangelists. These men and I. The committee is to serve as the women should be supported by the organ of communication between the native Church. If this is to be done Edinburgh Continuation CO)'t"'1"!ittee the Olristians in Japan must be im- and the ecclesiastical, _ ,lllssionary bued with more of the spirit of self- bodies in Japan. _ sacrifice and giving as a Christian 2. To consider sucr' matters as grace. At present there seems to be affect the welfare of the whole Chris- The editors .seek 10 preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW" but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS. tian body, and shall undertake work brought their food and cooked it, referred to it by any body of Christian meanwhile studying Genesis, Exodus, workers. Judges, Isaiah, Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Church Government, Shorter 3. To appoint, when invited to do Catechism, and Biblical Geography. so by the Edinburgh Continuation Evenings were devoted to popUlar Committee, one or more persons to meetings, and at one of these a rice attend meetings of the Edinburgh merchant declared that he had re- Committee as representatives from solved to give a tenth to the Lord Japan. during the year, but on figuring up his profits he found that he had not CHRISTIAN GROWTH IN KOREA done this, and he decided to pay an additional sum to the Church. "The A FEW years ago there was started devil came and tried to tempt me; saying 'You can not afford it, you will a campaign for "a million con- have to build a new store and put on verts" during the year in Korea. a tin roof; tin is expensive; save the While that result has not been, money'; but I would not let the devil reached, remarkable progress has been deceive me. If only we would pay made-and in spite of the Japanese all that we promised to the Lord the accusations against Christians. It is Church would not be in debt." now estimated that there are 125,000 baptized members, and as many more At one service at the Central probationers and adherents of the Church at Pyeng Yang, 100 new be- Christian Church in Korea. The ex- lievers stood up to signify that they citement of the great revival has had determined to follow Christ, and died away; the chaff has been blown during the week about lOO more were from the wheat, and the work is now added to the number. An unbeliever, on a solid basis. The Koreans are who attended the meetings, was so reaching out their hands for the much interested in what seemed to Gospel, and there are more open fields him so unbelievable a movement, in that land than the present mis- that he called on Kil Moksa, the sionary force can enter. The Koreans pastor of the church, and asked him are naturally spiritually minded. They why it was that so many were willing readily take up the work of the to adopt the new religion, when so teacher and the evangelist; and it has many of the leaders were in trouble. been suggested that, in the providence of God, they are to become the evan- Among Japanese in Korea, too, gelizers of the Orient. there is an important Christward movement. Since Korea became a part The Church has not been injured, of Japan, the Japanese are flocking but has rather been strengthened by thither in great numbers, until there the trial through which it has passed. are now 250,000 in the country, and At one of the men's conferences held more are coming. The material relast January, 140 men were present, sults of J fpanese dominion and even studying 12 days. They came with the distinctively educational. work are sacks of rice, bowls, spoons and chop- good, but the spiritual influences sticks tied to their backs. They were are evil. Christian workers can do too poor to go to the inn and board at the rate of ten cents a day, so they

OF THE

nothing in regard to the political quently, on the one hand, there are policies of Japan, but they are work- the polytheists, and on the other, ing to bring the Japanese in Korea the atheists. to Christ. Several churches have liCen organized among them in the "Christianity exercises a powerful hrgcr cities, and they seem to be influence upon the people. It teaches 11 lOre readily reached than their self-control, a virtue most needed in brethren at home. The great impor- a community where men and women lance of this work in Korea will be have free intercourse. It also teaches recognized when we realize that these righteousness and honesty, by which Japanese are the most important per- men learn to despise money not sonages in the cities in which they rightfully earned. Incalculable will are located, being political, financial, the benefit be when children are and industrial leaders. The influence taught the doctrines of a progressive of such Christians as Justice Wata- religion. For the welfare of China, nabe and his wife are great, and the we feel that attention should be paid Japanese Church in Korea is steadily to the religious aspect of her national growing. development."

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS IN CHINA Idol worship is decidedly on the wane and is generally in disrepute THOSE who hoped to see an ideal among educated Chinese. At the time republic estabiished in China, by of the Boxer movement, many tem- ples were converted into schools and ideal methods and a united people, others were commandeered as police have been disappointed. Rebellion- stations. Many a child learned his rightly or wrongly-is rending the "A B C" under the gaze of sightless republic. Dr. Sun Yat Sen and idols, and faith in them as gods be- President Yuan Shih Kai are at gan rapidly to wane. "The revoluodds; the South is against the North tion, however, has given idolatry a and China's bitterest foes are those sudden and permanent eclipse from of her own household. The govern- which it will never recover," writes ment troops have thus far the upper Rev. Warren H. Stuart of Hangchow hand, but the victories do not reunite in The Christian Observer. The new the divided young republic. officials not only do not worship the idols but in some cases have issued In the meantime, progress toward vigorous orders against the peoples' Christian ideals continues. An edi- worshiping them, under penalty of torial, in a recent issue of the !VIinli- fine. In Hangchow the idols are be- ing given over to the moles and bats, pao, a leading vernacular paper of the dust and the rats, and their tem- ples are put to better use. In Can- Shanghai, shows the spirit of the ton some 400 images were beheaded times. The Chinese editor says: by a military mob. In Changchow, a Buddhist center, the soldiers had or- "The Chinese religion has no pur- ders to clear certain temples of their pose compared with that of a modern idols, including those of the city temreligion. It teaches idolatry and su- ple. They first made a speech to the perstition. Against it the more intelligent class of people revolt. Some of them have even gone so far as to renounce all forms of belief. Conse-

idols, telling them to get ready to Christ within the lifetime of many die. If they were good, they said, of the missionaries of to-day."

their souls would go to Heaven, and Rev. F. M. Wilson, superintendent if they were bad they would go to of the Delhi district, also writes that hell. They then shot them in the the cry of the multitudes in the vil- head, and after that put chains lages rings in his ears, weighs down around their necks and dragged them his heart by day and disturbs his down and out. slumbers at night. "There 'are now in the Delhi district," he says, "more CHRISTWARD MOVEMENTS IN than 8,000 people who are ready to tear down their idol shrines, and to TO INDIA accept Christ. They are pleading for u the poor the Gospel is baptism. But I have to pass them by, as at present we can do no more than preached." Those who are rich to care for the Christians we have.

in this world's' goods and are satis- fied with earthly conditions are al- ways difficult to reach with the Gos- Recently I was enabled to spend eight pel of eternal life and earthly sacri- days in the villages of two sub-cir- fice. But the poor and the outcasts cuits, and baptized I,009 people, wit- listen eagerly to the message of hope. nessing the destruction by their for- Recently, in India, there have been mer worshipers of more than 20 signs of new mass movements among shrines. I received, on this visit, the outcasts. Rev. John Lampard, of appeals for Christian instruction from the Methodist Mission in Gujerat, re- more than 2,000 in new villages."

ports that large sections of the 60,- In the Northwest India conference 000,000 of "untouchables," or out- last year, 15,000 new converts were cast peoples, are moving toward baptized. These are self-supporting Chris tianity. and many support their own pastors.

"In some districts," he says,"the applicants for baptism are numbered RELIGION AND POLITICS IN THE T by hundreds, and in some by thou- BALKANS sands! There are missionaries who HE principle that "to the victor make a tour of their districts, baptiz- belong the spoils" too often raises ing eager candidates at places where a hostile discussion among allies as to there are workers stationed, but al- "who is the victor." It has proved so most daily such missionaries have to in the Balkan States with the result say 'No' to requests-for teachers, that Bulgaria has been humiliated by schools, and actual baptism-from vil- her former allies and with the help of lages too far from present centers to Rumania. It is to be regretted that be worked. It seems, by no means in the peace negotiations the sugges- outside the bounds of possibility that, tion of Mr. Bryan was rejected that if the Christian churches were strong a clause be inserted guaranteeing reli- enough to receive and give Christian gious and civil liberty to all the inhabi- instruction to all such as they come tants of the Balkan States. The forward, we might see the whole of oppression of the . Jews in Rumania the outcast peoples of India seeking is well known; Greece has just ex- to enter the door of the Church of pelled a protestant missionary; Servia

does not wish mIssIonary work on union. In the Assembly of the carried on in her Albanian territory Church of Scotland it was stated that and the atrocities committed by it had become their duty to satisfy Bulgaria on Greek priests seem to be the high ideals of Christian freedom altogether too well authenticated to entertained by the United Free admit of doubt. Church and to that end the Church While .the former allies have been of Scotland must secure such a modi- disputing over the spoils, Turkey has fication and readjustment of the his- exultantly recaptured Adrianople. toric relation between church and The leading powers of Europe seem state as will forever put at rest any to be powerless in establishing order, suspIcIon that Scotland's national for they are unable to reach a satis- church is in any way subservient to factoiy understanding. Never was civic control. The representatives of there a clearer proof than now that the committee who spoke before the war brings out in men the most devil- Assembly of the United Free Church ish instincts. Bulgaria seems to be most showed that the Established Church culpable in beginning the recent con- meant to frame for itself a new con- fEct in atrocities committed and in stitution which it would reserve the refusing to arbitrate claims until her right to alter as it pleased without position becomes hopeless. The con- consulting parliament. Every speech ditions of peace in the Balkan States in the discussion was in favor of pro- have not been fulIy settled but include ceeding with negotiations upon this a curtailment of the territory claimed understanding.

by Bulgaria, the payment of an REFORM IN KONGO ATROCITIES indemnity, a guarantee of the lives THE chariot of real progress makes and property of Greeks and Servians haste slowly. Those who have in Thrace, and the free exercise of been cheered by the hope of a new religion, the use of their own language Persia, or a new Turkey, a new Rus- and education. Peace and barmony sia, a new China, or a new Mexico, would be promoted if the regions in- born in a day have been doomed to habited by Bulgars, Serbs, Greeks and disappointment. There may be sud- Albanians could each be assigned to den outward changes but time is re- their several nations. quired to educate a free people, to FCHURCH UNION IN SCOTLAND change national ideals and to develop ROM a distance the differences character.

that divide many Christians seem Ten years ago the newspapers be- small. Some divisions have come in gan to be filled with stories of atroci- the heat of battle and have become ties committed in the Kongo State historical but wholly unnecessary. where the natives were opprest, en- One such division is that between the slaved, tortured, mutilated and killed Presbyterian sects of Scotland. This in the greedy efforts of the Belgian year the two great Presbyterian Gene- rubber companies (with the late King ral Assemblies were established and Leopold at their head) to obtain the United Free Churches meeting in riches through "red rubber." T'he Edinburgh adopted without a single testimonies of missionaries and trav- dissent, the report of their committee elers was so overwhelming and con-

vincing that the indignation of the growth of the school during the ten Christian world was aroused. Pres- years of its existence. Ten years ago entations were made to the govern- at the Northfield Summer School there ments of Great Britain, United States, were 235 present, while this year there and Germany but diplomatic delays, were 658 registered. national jealousies and fear of meddling made it seem that nothing would A notable feature of this year's be done. The Kongo Reform Asso- registration was the increased attendciation was formed in Great Britain ance of young women and girls. The with Mr. E. D. Morel as secretary text-book prepared for next year by and moving spirit. The Christian the United Committee on Mission men and women of England were Study is Mrs. Raymond's "The King's enlisted to enter on a crusade of great Business." The study of it will no difficulty and delicacy that seemed doubt produce greater efficiency in almost hopeless. For ten years they Women's Missionary Societies and kept up the fight against business greed speedier accomplishment of the busiand a king's authority. They have ness of missions. The next generanow seen the result of their labors in tion ought to feel the benefit even more the transfer of the Kongo State from than the present. the late King to the Belgian State, in the appointment of a Belgian investi- WORLD CHRISTIAN CITIZENSHIP gating committee and in the enactment of radical reforms. This is a CLEANSING the outside of the lesson in perseverance. cup and platter is important, tho Conditions are not yet ideal in the not the most important business for Kongo State. Native tenure of land the Christian, the Church or the nahas not been recognized by specific tion. The ideas and principles advolegislation but open murder and mu- cated by the second World's Christilation and slavery have ceased. The tian Citizenship Conference, which work of the Kongo Reform Associa- met at Portland, Oregon, July 1-8, are tion has been completed and it has noble and beautiful and if carriecl disbanded. Let the Putumayo atroc- out would make ideal conditions of ities in South America !lOW receive life, social and political. The subjects attention. of international peace,the family, Capital and Labor, Education, Prison WOMEN'S SUMMER SCHOOLS OF Reform, Temperance, Social Service, immigration, the Sabbath, etc., were T MISSIONS discust in section conferences and HE growth of mission study is in mass meetings. Able men and one of the most encouraging signs honored Christian leaders presented of the times. Laymen, Student Vol- high standards and practical suggesunteers, young people and women tions which every friend of man and have prepared their own text books lovers of God would wish to see carand held their conventions and their ried out. What is needed is the dyannual classes for leaders. The list namic that wil1 make these ideals efof registered delegates at one of the fective. This dynamic is to be found Summer Schools of Women's Foreign only in the Spirit of Goel through Missionary Sociert:ies indicates the personal surrender to J eSllS Christ.

MASUMI HINO AND HIS

The Jady in the center is Protes.c;or Hino's mother; his wife is on the left, and a Japancse maid holds the youngest of tbe six children OUGHT JAPAN TO BECOME A CHRISTIAN NATION?

A COMPARISON BETWEEN CHRISTIANITY AND OTHER RELIGIONS BY PROFESSOR MASUMI HINO, KYOTO, JAPAN. 'Dean of the Theological Department at Doshisha University ~N 0 land can compare with spiritual and intellectual status of the ~ Japan in the various people, and especially upon its power to lead and enlighten the nation in the 1 forms of religion flour- way of truth. The fittest will survive. The best way to judge whether or not ishing side by side. We Christianity is really the fittest is to compare its salient characteristics with '.8. have not only the native those of the other three principal forms of religion in Japan. religion in the form of Shinto Shinto, but also the fuUy naturalized First, with reference to Shinto. Confucianism and the highly differen- This cult is the natural expression of the religious feeling of a simpletiated and improved Buddhism with its minded, primitive people who em- bodied those natural feelings in I3 principal sects or denominations.

Even Mohammedanism and Mormon- ism are said to have entered the country at times. With these forms of religion Christianity must live side by side, and its future depends solely upon its own merit to assimilate the

temples and festivities and gave the what would you say of a man 40 highest expression to hero worship and years old who still keeps up his youthardent loyalty to their ruler. It is ful fancies and considers and acts as simple and beautiful in many ways, tho his father were the greatest man just as are the psychical states of a boy in the world, thus failing to recognize twelve or thirteen years of age. It his duty to other men? rests upon simple trust in good human nature. However good Shinto may be, (c) Shinto stands for polytheism there are reasons why men of expe- which in Japan stands side by side with rience and hardened discipline fail to skepticism and religious indifference. credit to Shinto the possible dominance If you ask a Shinto priest how many in the future over the hearts of the gods there are he will with no hesita- Japanese people. These reasons are tion tell you in an orthodox fashion mainly three: that there are 8,000,000 of them, whether he really believes it or not. (a) Shinto has no system in its Plurality of weak and imperfect beings teaching. It is a mixture of many good means much. But when it is the quesbut crude ideas; it is a compound of tion of unification we want only one various untutored religious feelings. God, perfect in love and power and One can not point out one prominent wisdom. To have many tiny gods is cardinal doctrine by which others may just as bad as to have many women be unified or to which they may be controlling one family. A baby's dress, subordinated, or through which they however handsome and useful it may be interpreted. This kind of might have been in its day, can and naive unsystemized religious teaching shall no longer be used for a full and feeling, however they may com- grown man. mand the respect of an ordinary people, will not certainly satisfy the Confucianism highly educated and seriously minded. Second, Christianity should be com- (b) The most characteristic feature pared with Confucianism which has of Shinto, namely, intense patriotism, trained the Japanese people in its is certainly good, but it is a question moral life more than has any other whether it can be the basis of all single force. We owe it much. Its moral actions. Is patriotism as basal insistence on righteousness, its revas is righteousness or goodness in the erence for order in State and society, govern.ment of one's conduct? When and its emphasis on the sense of honor left loose and undisciplined it is apt to and on fidelity to friends is the crown become exclusive. It should be dis- of its teaching. Yet there are reasons ciplined before it can receive the high- why we can not think that Confucianesf dignity, or some other virtue should ism will be the ruling force among the take its place before a sound and well- Japanese people of the future. A balanced personality can be realized. feudal system is no longer the indis- It is all right for a boy of twelve to pensable form of social and political think that his father is the bravest of life. Feudalism stands on the basis of mankind and for him to be devoted to the relation of the ruler to the ruled. his father alone. It is more than right; In other words, it assumes a graded it is admirable and charming. But society. But there are many people

JAPAN TO BECOME A CHRISTIAN NATION?

besides soldiers. At least more than upon angels and witchcraft to carry half of the race require some humane on their business transactions. So treatment. Women and children, for some of the final conclusions of Bud- example, have some fine feelings dhism may be obliged to meet similar which no man can wisely ignore. fate. I need only state three reasons Furthermore, tho Confucianism is a to show how Buddhism will fail to be common-sense morality, teaching fair the supreme spiritual force in Japan.

and square dealings with every man, (a) It places insufficient insistence it, nevertheless, fails to meet the on the ethical life of man. Its insis- people's yearning after the eternal tence is rather centered in the effort values. Man is not satisfied by this to lead people away from illusion to world of light, color, sound, measure- insight, which consists in the belief ment and weight alone. This inability that not only the objects of sense and of Confucianism to satisfy the trans- the categories of understanding, but cendental element in human nature also the ideals of reason that have to will cause it to fail to control the do primarily with human will and de- Japanese people. sire, are all an illusion. In other words, Confucianism as an institution has its interest primarily is not so much already gone out of the life of the ethical as intellectual. Christianity, Japanese people. That is why many when negatively stated, aims to redeem consider it a sort of philosophy rather man from sin. Positively viewed it than a form of religion. The Japanese aims at the union of man with God government, in calling the convocation whose nature and being is interpreted of the ministers of three religions in in the terms of human personality.

February, 1912, did not include Con- Buddhism teaches ethics, but the chief fucianism. They did not recognize it interest is not there. Ideals and aspi- as an organization. rations as well as passions of hate, love, sorrow, joy, are illusions due to Buddbiam the wilful human nature and the work- Thirdly, as for Buddhism, historians ing of the Karma. Ordinary morals of religion agree that, next to Chris- can not easily be built upon this kind tianity, this is the most developed reli- of world view.

gion in the world. But it is quite dif- The positive side of Buddhism is to ferent from Christianity. Its final teach that beyond this illusive world conclusion in regard to the estimate there is a world of eternal light and of the-world and human life is quite joy. Yet Buddhism has not been very contrary to that arrived at by Chris- successful in teaching to common mor- tianity. The conclusions of Christian- tals the content of that light and joy.

ity are mainly positive, aggressive, Generally that belief is exprest in social; while those of Buddhism are terms of mystic obscurity which can mostly negative, contemplative, static not be translated into man's common and deeply pessimistic. Will sound- experience. Buddhism has been potent minded and well-balanced men in this in teaching the Japanese people the twentieth century take full interest in imperfections inherent in this world.

the Buddhistic point of view? The It has led many into the world of twentieth century no longer depends imagination and of art. It is, however,

this lack of zeal ami interest in the This poet lacks the vitality and tact common affairs of man and of the to produce it in practise. world that is bound to cause Buddhism to fail to be a supreme spiritual Christianity the Religion Eor Japan power in the· hearts of the Japanese people. Each of these three religions has .done much in leading the Japanese (b) Take again Buddhism's valua- people along moral and religious lines. tion to the individual, which is mini- Confucianism has played the part of mized in Shinto, and Confucianism as the giant in our ethical history. Budwell. In Buddhism the individual has dhism has been practically the sole no reality except as a model, accidental ruler in the religious sphere. Personbeing. He merges in the absolute and ally, I owe much to all three. It is not the whole. You can hardly find a difficult to find good things in any reliplace for him. In fact, the individual gion that has been devoutly believed in will is the root of evil according to the by a large number of people. Human Buddhistic view. So it can not meet nature is too good not to produce the need of the growing generation some good when a number of people that now seems to delight in the asser- devoutly bind themselves for some tion of its own will. common purpose, as in any religion. Yet what we want is not one that is ec) Again, there is the lack of vital- good here and another that is good there. We want the entire structure ity in Buddhism. The popular form good and sound. The chief question of this religion teaches the immortal- is whether any of the three religions ity of the soul not because the present above mentioned is able to meet the life on this earth is full of light and pressure of the twentieth century life life, but rather because it is altogether problems. Good tiles and good nails too unsatisfactory to meet the human in a decaying house will not save the need. So Buddhism's immortality is house. vVe need a strong structure, based on the pessimistic view of life. supported by steel and stone. It is Buddhism stands at present in the Christianity (a robust religion) alone popular mind for death rather than for that has the promise. Christianity has life. Buddhist temples are the edifices proved itself to be life and power. It for dead people. The chief business is able to meet the demands of the of the Buddhist priest is supposed to coming generation in Japan. Note consist in taking care of funeral ser- its adaptability to every circumstance. vices and the observance of the an- A religion that has passed through local niversaries of the dead. Most people restrictions and racial limitations and in Japan belong to the different Bud- yet has vitality enough to maintain its dhist denominations largely because main assertions, will always be supreme these care for the dead and will bury over the hearts of men. Both assimiwith honor and care for the graves. lation of the new forces and adapta- tion to the new circumstances are re- There is a lack of real life in the quisite for the future religion in Japan. effect of Buddhist teaching. If Shinto Christianity has manifested this power. She is not in her dotage as Buddhism may be compared to a boy of 13 and seems to be. She is too much alive, Confucianism to a soldier, Buddhism may be compared to a disappointed poet creating an ideal world in religion.

too plastic and vigorous to be killed sive of Korea and Formosa. While by any trouble that confronts her. the population of the Empire is be- tween 50,000,000 and 60,000,000, it is Nate, too, Chistianity's recognition increasing at the rate of 500,000 a of the value of the individual. God is year. There is only one Protestant thought of in the terms of a person. Christian among 700 people. Is not This means that according to Chris- the task laid before the Japanese Christianity, a person has in some sense the tians enormous indeed? I do not say highest value. The Christian sense of that it is unbearable, for God will never the value of the individual human order us to bear burdens that are really being is strong. This human self unbearable. Yet the struggle that the is interpreted in ethical terms. Chris- Japanese Christians have fo carryon tianity is not a shallow religion with a is tremendous in the face of the discheap Gospel and a skin-deep theology. parity between the Christian and non- She has tasted the deep human ex- Christian forces. The way open for periences; is convinced of the endur- Christians is not merely to increase the able value of the individual. There is number of nominal Christians, but also the social nature of Christianity. rather to raise up strong and well- It is an aggressive religion. It is a equipped, wide-awake Christian leadmissionary religion. The most charac- ers. In feudal times it was the half a teristic features of Christianity to be million forming the Samurai class that felt by non-Christians in a country guided the entire nation. So must it like Japan are the frequent meetings be with us in our policy of Christianthat are held in the Christian churches. izing the Japanese people. The task Christianity is an expanding religion. is laid upon us of training up strong Christians form companies and share ministers. Theological education, their troubles and joys together. In therefore, is an imperative need in this way the evils are lightened and the carrying out the plan of the Chrisjoy and strength of life doubled and tianization of the Japanese people. even trebled. All the best forces in Christian education has not kept pace man lightened and clearly known may with secular education. Tokyo Imbe assimilated and utilized in Chris- perial University spends every year tianity as they can not be in other $650,000 and the 'Kyoto Imperial Uniforms of religion. And it is because of versity spends nearly as much, while Christianity's strong social nature. a Christian University like the Christianity will win the hearts of the Doshisha, spends but little over Japanese people. It is the only religion $25,000. Christian theological educathat seems to have vitality enough to tion is neglected most. The School of meet the spiritual needs of the present Philosophy or Letters in the Imperial and coming generations. Ultimate University of Tokyo and Kyoto comvictory is sure. paring most closely to Christian theo- logical education, spends each year 18 Meanwhile, however, the task is to 20 times more than the Doshisha great. The burden laid on the compara- Theological School. Yet this and tively small number of Christians in other theological schools offer great Japan is enormous. At present there opportunities for training leaders in are not more than 80,000 Protestant communicants in Japan proper exclu-

great thought and life. The Japanese one-tenth of the amount is designated government expresses its good will for the training of ministers. An ad- toward Christianity, as to all other ditional sum has been subscribed to the religions, respecting and protecting the theological department by Christians Christian work. The mood of the in Japan.

people has changed in the past few Has Christianity any good prospect years from the materialistic to that of in Japan? Fortunately the Japanese a longing after the supersensuous and Christians come mostly from the mid- transcendental. Especially is this true dle classes and are far more influential among the youth of the land. The in proportion to their number than country is wide open. Christians have they would have been had they come fair play. The time is ripe for Chris- from the lower classes. Note what tianity to make an advance. Chris- influence Christianity has exercised in tians have come to feel the critical and changing the conceptions of God in imperative need of theological educa- the past 2S years in Japan. Examine tion. what power Christians have had along It was about half a century ago that philanthropic and social lines. Notice the first Protestant missionary landed what a mighty Gospel Christianity has in Japan. Ministers who first entered preached to the women. Yet after all the field are now about 60 years of is said about the worthy work that has age and they are dropping from the been done by Christians in Japan, the li~e one after another. Their succes- amount of work set before us is altosors must be raised somewhere. gether too great at present to be met Strong ministers can not be had merely adequately. Christianity will ultimatefor the praying. A strong ministry ly win the hearts of the Japanese can never be had without adequate people. Japanese soil is rich and open. theological education. The Doshisha God is the ruler of this world. The Trustees have decided to make a for- sound has its echo. The seed brings ward movement in the' equipment of forth its fruit and deeds of love will the theological department. The always call forth noble deeds in re- Japanese government has given its sponse. What Christians in England sanction to the Doshisha's plan for a University. The alumni of the Dosh- and America do and how they pray isha have pledged their Alma Mater will decidedly affect the work on the a contribution for this purpose and other side of the globe.

A UNION CHRISTIAN COLLEGE FOR JAPAN DUPLICATION of effort in a few tion as the nucleus of a future inter- missionary centers has been one denominational university. For the present the union school is carried cause of criticism at hnme. Another on at the Meiji Gakuin, in Shiba, and step toward union work in Asia is the the faculty includes teachers of the beginning of a Christian college con- Presbyterian Meiji Gakuin, of the ducted by Baptists and Presbyterians Tokyo Gakuin (Baptist), and of in Japan. The schools of these two the Japan Baptist Theological Semidenominations in Tokyo have united nary. their college work into one organiza-

CHANNING M. WILLIAMS, OF

CHRISTIAN, PIONEER, SPARTAN BY REV. WILLLUI ELLIOT GRIFFIS, D.D., L.H.D. Author of "Verbeck, of Japan," "Hepburn, of Japan," etc.

F t?e. four. great pioneer and, not least, the first missionaries on the grounds, Rev. John Liggins, in mO ~ mlSSlOnanes i nth e May; Rev. C. M. Williams, in July, . Japan of 1859, Chan- ning Moore 'iVi11iams made the longest record ~ of service. Three of them served in China, and in all they gave for Christ and humanity 14.2 years of missionary service, 125 of which were for Japan. But vVilliams, under God, led all, in his 61 years of consecrated service. Two, who came later in Japan have completed 50 years of toil. Dr. David Thompson and Dr.

James H. Ballagh still live in the har- ness.

Those were the days of very small things and of prodigious hard work.

Then, the Episcopal Church in Japan consisted of fewer churches than there are fingers on one hand. How different to-day is the "plant," with its cathe- dral, scores of churches, schools, hos- pitals and thousands of communicants! CHANNING MOORE WILLIAMS On my arrival home from Japan, Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Japan in 1874, I used to wonder at what seemed to me the strange indifference r859, and Bishop Sherehovsky, the of Episcopal churchmen to their mis- great translator, were all of this house- sion in Japan. I asked myself, "Do hold of faith.

they know what a noble representa- Later indeed, one or two helpers tive, even tho alone, they have on the came out from home, but, like Liggins, field? Are they blind to their oppor- were invalided and returned after a tunity? Have they forgotten how few months. The cry of Williams highly Providence has honored them for fellow laborers, continuing long, in making their church, in a three-fold was virtually unheeded tmtil' 187!.

sense, the pioneer in Japan?" Then, the lonely pioneer, having For behold the shining list! Com- wrought single-handed and with one modore M. C. Perry, in 1853; Town- brief vacation home in 1864, to be con- send Harris, in 1885, our first envoy; secrated as Bishop, toiled incessantly Rev. Dr. E. W. Syle, naval chaplain until 19IO, when mind and body failed, who, from the deck of the U. S. S. S. he laid down his arms, after 64 years Powhatan, in 1858, in writing home, of service as Christ's soldier, in China plead for the best men and material; 1.nd Japan.

Long will it be before Williams' wholly among those he came to save. name in the Mikado's Empire fades He needed no garb or class or token of away, for with Brown, Verbeck, and profession, to be recognized by the Hepburn, he is reckoned as one of the Mikado's subjects high and low. He "Seijin"-a title nobler far than a traveled in third dass cars, and put decoration of jewels can suggest. The up in cheap native inns, for he loved word is applied only to those who are the Japanese people; and, they quickly reckoned great and righteous beyond found it out. compare. To a name once set in this Hall of Fame, in which shine those of No wonder that "globe trotters" come back and say that they "see few A CONFERENCE: OF THE S. P. . E., C. M. s.~ AND AMERICAN EPISCOPAL MISSIONS IN JAPAN Bishop Williams is seated the second from the end at the reader's right Confucius, Iyeyasu, and Mutsuhito, evidences of Christianity in Japan"- which are names to the Japanese like so modest are the hundreds of church Moses, Columbus, and Lincoln, one edifices and so Spartan-like is the need no more add title or explanation, simplicity of many missionary lives. than to Isaiah, Shakespeare or Wash- Williams was deacon, presbyter, ington. That is what it means to a bishop, and again man in the ranks, or working pastor. He lived on Japanese, when he speaks of the four Japanese food, thriving on it until American "Seijin." 80 years of age. He rarely patronized foreign hotels, but lived a life of Williams, despite his patriarchal humility and simplicity. Why? In white beard, was unknown by face to order to save every coin possible to most foreigners in Japan, because this Christian Spartan spent his life almost

CHANNING M. WILLIAMS, OF JAPAN

give to the work. Having no wife or The maid, who brought his food and family, his living rooms, except for the waited on him, insisted among her photographs of the mission families, companions that this guest was no including always the children and ordinary person, but must be a man babies, were so simply furnished as of high distinction. Many a time was to suggest a barn, or a monastic cell. she laughed at for her earnestness, Yet he was hospitable, in the best because her guest's dress was very sense. A dinner in his rooms was an ordinary and his modest bearing was event to be remembered for its flow of vastly different from that of most soul. persons of importance. One day, how- ever, she saw in a native newspaper One guest tells the story of his the photograph of three of "Japan's warm welcome, when a newcomer.

THE GENERAL SYNOD OF IHE PROTESTANT EPISCOFAL CHURCH IN JAPAN (NIPPON SEIKOKWAI) MEETING IN TOKYO IN 1911 He was taken home by the Bishop, Seijin from America." Verbeck, went to bed and slept soundly. On Hepburn and Williams. Recognizing awakening in the morning, he found the face of her friend, she shouted for that he had occupied the only bed in delight, waved the paper triumphantly the house. His host, the bishop, had and stood incarnate as the spirit of "I slept like the Japanese on matting- told you so." covered floor, between two Japanese quilts. There are other ways of preaching the gospel than by word of mouth. "A city set on a hill can not be hid." Unconscious influence may be none From time to time, this tireless human the less potent than that felt, noticed, pendulum vibrated between his house or measured. at Osaka and his work in Kyoto. He put up occasionally at a certain Japa- "Nor, knowest thou what argument nese inn, obscure, cheap, and clean. Thy life to thy neighbor's creed hath lent."

Once a native village physician, his own testimony, given years aftervisiting a friend in Tokyo, heard that ward, he dated his conversion from there was to be a Christian festival in his first sight of Bishop Williams. the neighborhood. Interested to see one and learn what the new religion If Christianity, in one of its myriad might be, he went early and stood be- phases, be "a glorified childhood," fore the beautiful Holy Trinity Bishop Williams exemplified it, Church-which we know was reared tho in doing it he lengthened mainly through the prayers, toils and the year limit of the Japanese gifts of Bishop Williams. It happened proverb,-"The sage (Sei-jin) keeps to be Christmas Day, and the rain was the child's heart until he is 60" faIling heavily. The approach of a -by at least 20 years. With Christlong train of jin-riki-shas, filled with like wisdom, he rightly appraised theIr children, coming toward the church, spiritual value, as dearly as he loved, apparently as happy as they could be, the children. To-day the Episcopal attracted his attention. He noticed Church in Japan owes much of its alongside of them "an old foreigner," strength to this trait of the Bishop, walking and talking to the children as fulfilling the promise of Psalm xcii: tho he were just about their age. He 13, 14. In place of the loaves and had an umbrella raised and the rain fishes, he carried in his pocket a favorwas pouring from it, but so eager was ite sort of Japanese candy to delight he in his chat with the children, that the little folks. Then he enjoyed seehe seemed to have forgotten any dis- ing their faces illuminated with smiles. comfort from the weather. Evidently the old man had given up riding in his Few preachers in Japan could hold vehicle, to enable two more little folks an audience of young persons, and to ride. As they came into the church, transform their lives as could Bishop "the old foreigner," still in the midst Williams. A native auditor, now himof them, joined his laughter with self an eloquent minister of the gospel theirs, until within the inner doors. and potent with voice and pen, says, Then, all was quiet. After robing, he "To him it was as if God were always spoke on the grace of humility, to a present before him. When in the pulhushed audience. pit . . . how his fingers trembled, his silvery white beard shook, how Now this mature listener and edu- much power and dignity there cated man had read much in the clas- was in his voice . . . Every word sics about humility, but here was a and act was a real prayer." teacher who embodied the grace itself. Pondering on the theme and its new Even the dumb creatures rejoiced exemplar, and recalling the proud, when he was near. "Our little consequential exteriors of government brothers of the air" knew and loved officers and high ecclesiastics, he said him. They came daily to his window to himself, "If this be Christian humil- and fed from his hand. No Noah, or ity, then Christianity must be the true Elijah, or temple worshiper offering religion." Soon after, this keen ob- the ritual doves, felt more deeply with server became a member of the the creatures whom Jesus told His Church of Christ, and, according to disciples to behold and consider. How tenderly pathetic, it seemed to those left behind, that after the good bishop

CHANNING M. WILLIAMS, OF

had passed away, the little birds came envoy, Robert Edmunds, to Asia. This daily for months to the window, ex- was when our flag had but half the pecting to meet the open hand and number of stars which it bears in its wondered why no food was there. blue field to-day. At 20, he entered Yes, even the birds mourned him. the College of William and Mary, at Williamsburg, Va. It was during his Let us look at that beautiful life, so college course that President Fillcomparatively eventless, so intent, so more's expedition to Japan was sent without fame or observation, yet so out, under Perry, and came back fruitful. Congregations abound, peacefully victorious. After · two which he gathered and nourished.

A CHnI STIAN LECTURE I N THE OLD ASSEMB LY H ALL) ST. MAR GAR ET'S INSTITUTE The principal is on the platform. The whole school meets once a 'weck for Christian talks. All come,. altho attendance is v oluntal"Y.

Since 1866, the date of his first bap- years spent in the theological seminary tism of a convert, hundreds, perhaps of Virginia he was ordained deacon thousands of souls have hailed him in July 1st, and appointed missionary to life as their father in God, and China, sailing November 30th. The churches, schools and hospitals stand voyage, via Sydney, lasting 210 days, where he wrought. ended June 28, 1856.

Channing Moore Williams was born Immediately att!l-cking the Chinese in the city of Richmond, Va., J11ly IS, language, he secured a basis of 1829, under the Presidency of Andrew scholarship in "Japan's Latin," which Jackson, who sent the first American enabled him, in later years, to trans-

late into the insular language the time to time, glittered in the sunlight. grand cadences of the Book of Com- At first, nothing could be done in mon Prayer. It is hard to conceive of anyone becoming a scholar in the the way of teaching, preaching or written language of Japan, who has propaganda; so, at the language, withnot had a good grounding in Chinese. out help of grammar or dictionary he In 1857, he was advanced to the went. While patiently toiling in the priesthood in the mission chapel at caissons and crypts of preparation, Williams heeded the call of the ST. JOHN'S CHURCH, KYOTO, JAPAN foreigners at Nagasaki and began di- vine service. In I863, they built a Consecrated, May 16, 1907 church edifice, the first of Protestant Christianity in Japan. Not until Feb- Shanghai, by the Rev. Dr. Boone and ruary, 1866, did he have the joy of for two years more labored devotedly baptizing his initial Christian convert, in the gospel. Shiyomura.

Ordered by the Missionary Com- Bishop Boone of China having died, mittee in New York to go to Japan, the General Convention in 1865 elected Williams obtained passage in an Mr. Williams as missionary bishop of American war vessel, in June, 1859. China and Japan. Obedient ,to the The tradition is that he made friends call, he returned to America, and in of all on board, from the Captain to old St. John's chapel, in New York, the cooks. When he set foot on the on October 3, 1866, under the hands of soil, at Nagasaki, the anti-Christian Bishops Hopkins, Lee, Johns, Payne, edicts hung on the notice board all Whipple, and Potter, received formal around him. The wooden tablets consecration to his new office. Rewere weather-beaten and in some cases turning to China in 1868, he began the almost rotted by age, but the thick, labors of the episcopate over a vast black, glossy ink, freshly applied, from territory, which to-day is divided into four districts, each with its bishop. Later he returned to Japan and made Osaka the See city. Being relieved of the oversight of China in 1874, his title was Missionary Bishop of Yedo.

I knew him best and saw him often- est between 1872 and 1874. I remem- ber, as he joined with uS,-a handful of missionaries and Christian people -that, tho then not much over 40, he seemed to me, about the eyes, like an old man-from his long study over Chinese characters and Japanese books. But when he moved about, his vigor and spryness were apparent to all. We knew no denominations or partition walls in those days, when no churches existed and persecution was

CHANNING M. WILLIAMS, OF

still the rule. Swords were every- translations of portions of the Bible where worn and the century-long and Prayer Book, and established the legacy of hatred of Christianity made First Episcopal School for Boys. In the life of a convert a very uncertain 1873, the anti-Christian edicts disapasset. peared like Arab's tents. The bishop's eyes twinkled. We all rejoiced. What There were stars yet to shine in his yesterday had caused the Japanese to crown of rejoicing, but the situation shiver, was now a theme for happy was at that time very nebulous. How- jest and made them very approachable ever, a handful of converts had been by the Christian teacher. gathered in Yokohama, the Mikado A GRADUATING CLASS OF ST. PAUL?S COLLEGE, TOKYO Five of these young men were candidates for the Christian ministry. Great things were expected of this class of young men.

had officially accepted a copy of the Signs of promise and progress be- English Bible, the English Church gan to appear and to multiply. The Missionary Society had broken reapers soon trod in the steps of the ground, and in 1870 the first confirma- sowers. In 1874, St. Paul's School tion had taken place, when four Japa- was founded in Tokyo and Dr. Lannese Christians had the hands of the ning's dispensary, lattr to become a bishop laid on their heads. No time hospital, was begun in Osaka. St. was ever lost, whether success or fail- Agnes' School for Girls was opened in ure seemed the issue of the hour, for the same great commercial city, and in the busy veteran brought out tentative 1877 St. Margaret's School began in

Tokyo. Now, there was for the give his all to the work. Under Bishop the care, not only of individuals Bishops McKim and Partridge, he but of churches, so that in 1887, while served right loyally during 20 years the walls of Holy Trinity Church in more and Japan knew no more de- Tokyo were rising, the English and voted worker for Christ. – Amerian Episcopalians uniting, there was formed the Nippon Sei Ko Kwai, At 8r, after weeping that he must or Holy Catholic Church in Japan. leave his work, because of failing Two years later, Holy Trinity church powers and from sheer inability to edifice was completed and consecrated. labor longer, and yearning to die in The Empire knows no finer schools Japan and leave his body to mingle than those of the Episcopalians in with the soil he loved, he yet decided Tokyo. to go home. He hoped thus to make room for one more missionary, who "Blessed is the man that has found should come out in youth and strength. his work. Let him ask no other blessedness," wrote Carlyle. Bishop Wil- V'hen at home so great was the liams saw that, for and by him, inten- contrast between the comforts prosive cultivation was best, rather than vided by loving hands, and his selfsuperintendence, and so he resigned chosen ascetic rigors of life in Japan, his bishopric. All agree that this that, as his mind failed, he imagined man's finest powers were with individ- himself dwelling in the Imperial Paluals. His own plea was also, for a ace at Kyoto. Even with waning conyounger man, for he was then 60 years sciousness, he could not forget Japan, old. His also was true mission-craft. the land of his love. He hoped, by such action, to stir up the church at home. Yet for four A Japanese Christian pastor, who years, the office remained vacant, tho loved "the good old Bishop," as father Bishop Hare, of South Dakota, visited and friend, voiced Japan's sorrow: the field and made confirmations. In 1891, the number of communicants "Oh land of Japan, I grieve that thou art denied the honor of giving a was 4,000. small corner as the resting place of this Meanwhile the bishop, who had great saint, your firm friend. But when we think that his spiritual instept back into the ranks, did not fluence will live forever, in many souls, for a moment intermit his labors as and be borne on to future generations, preacher, pastor, teacher, and trans- thy sons rejoice that thou hast an enlator. He traveled in third class cars during monument of Bishop Williams and lived frugally, so that he might more glorious than chiselled marble."

A JAPANESE CHRISTIAN

Among non-Christians there is no true family life as Christian5 understand it THE KUMAMOTO BAND IN RETROSPECT A CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN BY KOZAKI KIRMICHI,* TOKYO, JAPAN J£U ]NDER the influence of the following conclusions: "We must Captain ] anes, a n have strong men. Vve can get them American teacher in only through education and that of the Kumamoto school, the Western type. We will, therefore, a group of 35 young build a school." men students assembled on the Hanaoka hill overlooking the Everybody in the city was on the city, to organize and pledge themselves qui vive to know what the institution to work for Christ and their country. would be like. As it happened, cir- This was called the 'Kumamoto Band. cumstances favored the project, for a few years before, the famous Yokoi In 1868 the Daimiate of Kumamoto, (Shonan) had, after consultation with tho hitherto second only to its neigh- the almost equally famous Katsu, conbor, Kagashima, in influence, unfor- trived to send his two nephews, Satunately incurred the displeasure of heida and Takei, to a naval school in the central government and fell into the United States. In 1869, Takei disgrace. Determined to regain their was obliged to return home on account position, the wise men of the Daimiate of weak lungs, and hearing of his put their heads together and came to return, the Kumamoto Daimyo sum- * Translated freely into English by H. Pedley.

maned him to a council and earnestly in their reading of the Confucian ciassought his advice in regard to the pro- sics, while Mr. Yokoi decided as to the posed school. He told the council that quality of voice. The announcement the first thing that should be done was of these tests aroused no little indigto secure a competent teacher from nation, for it was accompanied with a abroad, one to whom should be given rumor that only good-looking youths the sole charge of the institution, and would be accepted. I took the examisuggested that Dr. Verbeck of Naga- nation with but little hope of passing, saki be consulted. for, in spite of a fair knowledge of the classics, I was halting in my speech, A letter was accordingly sent re- and my voice was far from good. questing Verbeck to secure a teacher With me in the examination was anof samurai rank, as neither a farmer other boy who seemed to have just the nor a merchant would be tolerated! proper requirements, for he read well, In his reply Dr. Verbeck regretted and in clear and distinct tones. Judge that there was no samurai class in the of my surprize then, when it was made United States, but recommended a known that he had failed while I had military man as a substitute. This passed. Afterward I learned that I was approved, and the negotiations had had a friend at court-the teacher were turned over to the Secretary of of Chinese-who had put in a good the Reformed Dutch Church in New word for me on the ground that York. Henry Scudder, the well-known altho not gifted in speech I had other missionary to India, was in the city at qualities that entitled me to admission. the time, and hearing of the need in Kumamoto, suggested his son-in-law, We entered the school to find that L. L. Janes, recently graduated from Captain Janes was practically the West Point. Dr. Verbeck favored the whole institution, altho nominally in candidate, but as the latter had just charge of the curriculum and boarding been appointed to garrison duty in department only. A graduate of West Alaska-newly acquired from Russia Point, his regime was from first to -it was necessary for him to have last military. Smoking and drinking his appointment cancelled by the were forbidden and punctuality was military authorities. His request for strictly enforced. The rising hour this was granted and with his wife he was six A.M., no later, no earlier, and arrived in Japan in the summer of when the bell sounded every student was required to bound from his bed. 1871• At seven, all filed into the dining room The choice of students for the new and breakfast was begun and ended together. Gymnastics followed, then school was a problem, as under the the regular school routine from eight feudal system not more than 50 could to twelve, and from one to four, Capbe chosen annually from each Dai- tain Janes never spared himself during miate, and there were more than 500 these hours. Every night the roll was clamoring for admission. The en- called, and by ten o'clock every boy trance examination was unique. A was in bed. Everything was done at good voice, together with fluency in the ringing of a bell, and wo betide reading, was deemed essential for the the tardy student. West Point was in study of English, so the teacher of Chinese was requested to test the boys

KUMAMOTO BAND IN

evidence everywhere and as I think of us into a saner condition of mind.

it now every day was fulI of interest He gave us an idea of world politics for us. and pointed out the evils of clan Moral education was on an entirely government, the need of its abolition, different basis. The concrete or scien- and of our working for a united tific studies were under the supervision country. These thoughts changed the of Captain Janes, but the 'abstract current of enthusiasm and ere long branches-ethics, etc., were, by the ex- we were going through the community press orders of the' Daimiate, to be talking of world current£, abolition of taught on the basis of Confucianism. the clan system, a united nation, etc., Every Sunday was devoted to the and all the time getting well laughed study of the Chinese classics, under a at for our pains.

Mr. Takezaki, pupil of the famous Then, seeing that we were running Yokoi (shonan), and thus in parallel wild again, Captain Janes took another lines, as it were, Oriental ethics and tack and called our attention to indus- Occidental science moved along to- trial pursuits. What Japan needed, gether. Captain Janes was troubled he said, was captains of industry over this division of the physical and rather than politicians who were at spiritual, but was apparently helpless. best little more than a necessary evi1.

The odds were against him. The pu- I f we would do the best thing for our pils of the school had been brought country we would fit ourselves to be up to regard Christianity as one of industrial leaders, encouraging the in- these heresies not worth troubling crease of wealth, and thus laying the about, and that while the West was foundation of a strong army of de- advanced in things scientific, in morals fense. Then he clinched his advice and religion she was but a babe in by glowing reports of the shipbuilding comparision with the East. Then and manufacturing industries of again, Yokoi Takei, who, in spite of America. We were carried away by his six years in America, seemed ab- this suggestion and ere long each one solutely ignorant of Christianity, was of us had made choice of his future fond of telling the boys that the latter occupation. Ichihars chose medicine, was a religion for know-nothings, and Yokoi the navy, Kanamori shipbuild- below the dignity of a samurai. Thus ing, and I machinery. As I think of from the very beginning we despised it now these choices were the first the religion of Jesus. steps along the path that was surely From the time of entering t~le leading us to Christ.

school, all the students were ambitious Later on the Captain talked to us to become officials, and the official air on higher themes. He told us that was in evidence everywhere, even in material civilization was al1 right in its the small boys of fifteen or sixteen. way and necessary, but of vastly great- Discussions on the political situation of er importance was the cultivation of the day were long and fierce, a punitive character. Without that the strongest expedition to Korea being one of the nation must go down. A nation was topics that excited great interest. Cap- great only as its individual citizens tain Janes, worried over the turn were morally strong. England stood things were taking, did his best to lead in the foremost rank because of her

famous men, and Switzerland, altho were missing a treat. Ere long the the smallest country in Europe, main- Captain opened up a preaching service tained its independence through the on Sundays, and from week to week integrity and ability of its citizens. the attendence increased. Then I be- Education and religion, he said, lay at gan to hear from Miyagawa, Ichihaha, the very heart of a nation's greatness. Ebina and others that while the It is easy to imagine how this kind of Chinese teacher's exposition of Con- talk took hold of us and fired our fucianism was good, Janes' teaching imaginations. Our industrial castles of the Bible was in a class by itself.

faded out of sight, and we became One day a number of the fellows enamoured of education. Religion dragged me unwillingly to the Bible had so far been at a discount with us Class, and Captain Janes was so over- but some of the boys resolved to inves- joyed that he mentioned me by tigate it, so they asked the Captain to name in his prayer. To say that I was teach them the English Bible. He angry gives but a faint idea of my consented and from that time on every feelings. I glared at him as he prayed Wednesday night was set apart for and muttered under my breath- Bible study. "Well, you have cheek." A moment One of my companions tried to in- later, to my amazement the tears be- duce me to join the class on the gan to rain down the Captain's face.

ground that as Christianity was the I was moved more than I cared to ac- basis of Western civilization it ought knowledge, for altho knowing nothing to be studied. I flatly refused, how- of and having no use for Christianity, ever, for as a Confucianist I had been I realized that this man was desper- taught that heresy of any kind was ately in earnest.

beneath my notice. Another came In the fall of I875, I4 or IS students to urge that the class would give so made profession of their faith and at much additional English, and besides once began to evangelize others. I assist so greatly in the study of English continued firm in my opposition, how- literature, that all ought to join, but ever, for I felt that it was rank super- again I refused, saying that no one stition to think of God as talking to trained as I had been could possibly man, and that there was neither sense think of studying sacred writings with nor reason in religion. The new con- a view to self-interest. verts entered upon a course in Chris- Thus I continued strong in my op- tian evidences with the Captain, and in position, but in the meantime the class the discussions that followed between continued to grow. The students real- them and me, I found myself gradually ized their obligation to the Captain, worsted, and finally came to the point who had acceded to their request pure- where I realized that they had laid ly out of good will and they deter- hold of certain truths of which I was mined to make the class a success. entirely ignorant. Compelled in sheer Soon it began to be spread abroad that self-defense to study for myself, I Christianity might be of little account, pored over Bushnell's "Natural and but Bible study was certainly interest- Supernatural" and found the argument ing. A little later it was said that so convincing that I simply had to those who did not attend the class give up my former loose and rambling

KUMAMOTO BAND IN RETROSPECT

style of argument. Then I was indeed to throw in my lot with the others, but in a sad plight. I swore never to give my only reply was, "It is all right to in. Defeat was not to be even thought make a study of Christianity, but of, so I went to the Captain and asked as for becoming a Christian, nothing him to lend me some books opposed to of that kind for me. I decline, out and Christianity. He hadn't any, so I was out, to become one of the band." at the point of despair. Just then I recollected reading somewhere that The 30th of January arrived and on Herbert Spencer could give me the that day, 1876, 35 students pledged help I needed, so I resolved then and themselves to the propagation of there to utilize the first opportunity of Christianity in Japan, and affixed their going abroad and sitting at his feet. names and seals to the following docu- ment: The upshot of it all was that the strain became too great and I took to "Our eyes have been opened by the my bed, sick in body and in mind. study of Christianity, and along with Then the boys began to come around, increasing admiration and gratitude for ostensibly to inquire after my health, this teaching, we strDngly desire that it but really to convert me. They gave may be proclaimed over the whole Emme not a moment's peace. They would pire in order to dispel the ignorance of sit by my bedside and say, "Kozaki, if the people. The latter have no idea of you don't believe in Christianity you its beautiful content; they are steeped will go straight to perdition" and I in prejudice and worn-out ideas. It is, would snap back at them, "Just as therefore, our bounden duty as patriots soon go to perdition as not." to espouse with enthusiasm the cause of Christianity, and in nD uncertain terms Gradually Christianity took posses- make known its fairness and impartialsion of the school. On Sundays over ity. For this purpose, then, we have asroo attended service, leaving not more sembled on Hanaoka, and we henceforth than ten or a dozen in the dormitory. dedicate ourselves to the above cause, In the course of time, Miyagawa and and assent to the fonowing articles: Ebina began to substitute for Captain Janes in Bible class work. Prayer "1. All who have embraced the Chrismeetings here and Bible classes there tian faith are to be brotherly in their rekept the boys busy. Sometimes the lations to one another, free to admonish, prayer meeting continued till daybreak, ready to cooperate, and by forsaking evil and some of the students made a prac- and turning to the good, carry out in tise of rising at midnight to discipline practise the faith they profess. themselves by splashing themselves with ice-cold water. Study was "2. Those who, having once embraced thrown to the winds even when exami- this faith, fail to realize it in practise, nations were near. The days were are guilty of deceiving both themselves given to prayer and the Bible. The and Heaven above, and are certain to be climax came with the resolve to repair punished by the latter for their sin. to Hanaoka hill on January 30th and there organize into a band pledged to "3. Since at the present time the mawork for the spiritual interests of jority of our people are opposed to Japan. From all sides I was besieged Christianity, the lapse from faith of even one of our number not only invites the scorn of the multitude, but frustrates the very purpose for which we are banded together. How great need there is, then, of caution and perseverance."

"Signed,"

Sunday, January 30, 1876.

Among the 35 who signed the above one who was impartial, I used my inpledge there were not a few who to- fluence in the interests of peace. Fiday occupy prominent positions in nally Yokoi was locked up at home and Japan. Among these may be men- forbidden to go outside on any tioned Kurahara, Ikwaku (prominent account. in politics) ; Kanamori Tsurin (Government agent in the promotion Tokutomi was called to strict acof national thrift); Ebina Danjo count oy his father, who told him that (well-known pastor, preacher, and under no circumstances would Chrisauthor); Yokoi Tokio (author and tianity be tolerated, every religious ex-M. P.); Tokutomi Iichiro (editor book he owned was burned, and he of Nation and member of House of was repeatedly reprimanded. No Peers); Ukita Wamin (editor of the wonder the poor lad, who was not Sun and professor in Waseda Uni- more than 13 or 14, had for a time to versity) ; and Ichihara Seiko (manager bow his head and submit to the ineviof the Bank of Japan in Korea). table. Kanamori, summoned into the presence of the professor of Chinese, The members of the band were soon who was his relative, had emptied upmade to realize that they were not to es- on his devoted head the vials of the cape persecution, and that by their ac- latter's wrath. He was denounced as tion they had already stirred up a hor- a traitor to the sages whose learning net's nest in Kumamoto. A rumor was he had imbibed, and was otherwise circulated to the effect that the young abused. Listening patiently to the end, men were planning the overthrow of he ventured to raise his head and mildthe Emperor, and the setting-up of a ly ask: "Teacher, have you ever read republic. Regarding Christianity as the Bible?" and was met with the consynonymous with the hated repub- temptuous retort: "Why should I read licanism, the indignation of all patriots such rubbish?" To this Kanamori at the rumor knew no bounds. Parents replied: "Is it fair to denounce Chrisgasped in amazement when they heard tianity without having looked at the of the famous pledge and summoned Bible? Is this not opposed to those their boys home. Confusion became foundation principles of investigation worse confounded, baffling all descrip- which you have always urged so tion by either tongue or pen. Men in strongly upon your pupils?" Struck high places strained every nerve in as it were by a bolt from the blue, the opposition to the band, and in the case enraged professor could only exclaim of Yokoi Tokoi, son of the famous in his wrath: "You fool!" and send Shonan, his friends and relatives him out of his presence. Argument worked themselves up into a perfect failing, violence was resorted to and, frenzy at the disgrace involved in the like Yokoi, Kanamori was put in soliyoung man's decision. The fathers. of tary confinement and fed upon three the city came to him and used evety little rice-balls a day. Miyagawa and form of persuasion to induce him to Ichihara were carried off by their parrecant, but to one and all he turned a ents to their home at the foot of the deaf ear. Finally his mother threat- volcano Aso and were kept under ened to destroy herself if he persisted, strict surveillance. but even this failed to move him. As During this excitement, the foreign

KUMAMOTO BAND IN

school virtually took a holiday. Altho terness of the prospect before him, and one whole class was put in solitary declared he was ready to die rather confinement, the fiery hand of the op- than live on as at present. I was pressor was not yet stayed. Realizing astonished enough to hear him go on that violence might frustrate their like this, and finally, after repeated purpose, some resorted to argument, remonstrances I succeeded in persuadbut in almost every case they met with ing him to give up that idea and to defeat, and in consequence raged more accompany me into the country. I did fiercely than: ever. At that time I not spare myse1 f for those Christian certainly was no Christian, for it boys, altho as yet I had not become one seemed to me absurd that God should of their number. appear in the form of man, sending His son to earth, and that Jesus should One day in March, 1876, I attended die on the cross. On the other hand, Captain Janes' Bible Class and after I did not openly oppose the new faith, it was over he said to me, "You have. and it seemed to me the extreme of been looking into this matter a good high-handedness on the part of rela- while; haven't you yet made up your tives to crush out freedom of religious mind to become a Christian?" I rebelief, when such freedom was the plied as usual, "None of that for me, birthright of every individual. Ac- thank you." Then he talked to me for cordingly, my sympathies went out to a long time about the cross of Christ, the persecuted students, and I am com- but .my only answer was, "I haven't pelled to believe that this was another the slightest idea of what you are step in the direction of my becoming driving at." Then he expatiated at a Christian. "The blood of the mar- length on that passage in 1 Cor. 2:11 : tyrs is the seed of the church," and in "For who among men knoweth the proportion as the persecution became things of a man save the spirit of the vigorous, chivalrous spirits in the com- man which is in him? Even so the munity were led to take up the cause things of God none knoweth save the of the opprest. spirit of God." He afterward prayed earnestly on my behalf. The spiritual Strange to say, my house became the uplift of that hour left an indelible meeting-place of the Christians. impression upon me and I felt the Known to be a non-Christian, 1 wa,; awakening of soul within me to be above suspicion, so the boys came and near. Often I engaged in prayer, and went freely. Then I became involved then at last the light broke in upon me. with 'Kanamori. He had been a long I was the last one to join the band, and time in confinement, had no books to Ebina Danjo more than to anyone else read, in fact had no resource but am I indebted for his efforts in bringprayer, so I determined to rescue him. ing me into the fold. One night I secretly got him away from his house and took him to the ;fhen it was noised abroad that bank of a small stream nearby. It Christianity had gained a foothold in was pitch dark, a dreary rain was fall- Kumamoto, missionary Stout, of the ing, and Kanamori had about reached Dutch Reformed Church, together the limit of endurance. He lamented with Pastor Segawa, came from Nahis hard fortune, sighed over the bit- gasaki to conduct services in our city. Since these men had been introduced

by Dr. Verbeck, the natural thing for without any hesitation. We desired us would have been to receive baptism very much to be baptized by Captain from Mr. Stout, but turning our backs Janes, and to be sure that he was mak- upon him we finally arrived at the ing no mistake, the latter wrote to his Doshisha. The reason for this lay in friend Davis and received a reply that the contrast between the personalities in special circumstances, the adminis- of Verbeck and Stout. The latter tration of the ordinances by a layman stood for the widest freedom in mat- was quite valid. Thus on April 4, ters of faith, lectured to his pupils on 1876, the members of the band were higher critical lines, when dealing with baptized by the Captain, and after- the Old Testament, and in general in- ward all partook together of the com- troduced us to the new thought of the munion. At that time we innocently West. He ridiculed scholasticism, was thought that any Christian could ad- an ardent admirer of Henry Ward minister the ordinances, but later we- Beecher, took especial delight in read- caused a pretty row in the Doshisha ing the Christian, Union and Bush- by our disregard of the practises in nell's words, and on the whole was vogue at that institution. We met looked upon as having heretical ten- regularly on January 30 of each year dencies. On the other hand, Verbeck to celebrate the Hanaoka covenant, and was gentle in nature and accessible to at the same time observed the com- all. The two men 'were thus antipodal munion at the close of the service. The in their mental and moral makeup, teachers of the Doshisha protested and as we had been brought up under strongly much to our astonishment, Captain Janes, we did not easily be- and Dr. Davis was called in to mediate.

come intimate with the man who came He was in exceedingly hot water be- as Dr. Verbeck's substitute. cause of his letter to Janes on the sub- At that time an Episcopal clergy- ject, but he explained to us that in a man named Oudray, came to Kumam- place where there was no ordained oto, and he was of the sectarian, intol- man, a layman might officiate, but as erant type. To our faces he said: there were many ordained men in Ky- "To become Christians you must be oto, the proper thing was to ask one baptized, according to the mode of of them to officiate. This view of the our church. There are many so-called matter was new to us and we accepted churches in the world but ours is the it, altho unable to comprehend its ne- only true fold. All others are false." cessity. As I think of it now, those We were filled with resentment and were indeed days of happy ignorance Miyagawa even went so far as to en- on our part.

gage in a fierce war of words with In June, I~76, the Kumamoto for- him. Before this, in 1874, Neesima eign school was closed for two rea- had returned from America, and in sons: (I) because it had become Chris- the following year, the Doshisha was tian, and (2) because Captain Janes'

founded. Captain Janes held both term of service had expired and a Neesima and Dr. Davis in high esteem number of middle schools had been and often spoke to us about them, started, thus obviating the necessity of saying that they were men under continuing ours. Thus the majority whom we might continue our studies of the graduates of 1875 and 1876-

I BECAME A

about 40 in all-found the way opened and regulations were drawn up, the for them to go to the Doshisha. Up to use of tobacco and liquor was prothat time, those students who had been hibited, other abuses were rectified and closely confined in their homes were the whole atmosphere of the school not a few. Yokoi barely secured per- was made over. In addition to this, mission to graduate with his class, and Kurahara and Ichihara organized Kanamora was in worse condition still. temperance and anti-tobacco societies. It is not to be supposed that as a band Severe penalties were also laid upon the 40 stndents attended the Doshisha. idle and vicious students. Thus, with They arrived there in groups of two the lapse of time, the Doshisha began and three, and mutual was the surprize to look like a genuine school, estabwhen all were assembled. We had be- lished on principle. In the summer of come acquainted with the train through 1879, IS members of the band were the reading of one of Mr. Fukuzawa's graduated. Kanamori went to Okabooks-"World Achievements"-and yama, Yokoi to Imabari, Ebina to Anboarded it with trepidation at Kobe. naka, Ukita to Osaka, and all engaged We had not much more than taken our in either religious or educational work. seats when the next station, Sumiyoshi, At the request of Yamazaki, now dead, was reached. Ishihara, who evidently I arranged to go to his home, thought he was on a fast express, Mizusawa, for evangelistic work, but imagined we had arrived at Kyoto, so circumstances combined to alter my he called out excitedly, "This is Kyoto, purpose, and I went instead to Tokyo pile out, boys, quick!" There was a to assist in the work of the Congregageneral rush to the platform, where we tional churches. discovered our mistake and returned shamefacedly to our seats. We were The influence of the Kumamoto certainly a happy-go-lucky lot. band upon the Kumiai (Congrega- tional) body was very great. If that The views of the band as set forth body has seemed to make especially in a letter to the authorities of the rapid progress, it has been due in large school were acted upon, and after the measure to the services of that first manner of the 'Kumamoto school, rules group of graduates.

HOW I BECAME A CHRISTIAN BY MASIH PARSHAD/ OF INDIA ~I T has become a fashion such a view. This is undoubtedly an with non-Christians, es- age when the Arya Samaj and other pecially i:n India, to at- reform movements have taken up the tribute ignoble motives cudgels on behalf of Hinduism, and to anyone who enters when Mohammedanism has contrived the fold of Christianity. to get rid of many of the most glar- In their estimation, an honest con- ing defects which v. ere repugnant to vert is extremely rare, but the writer the conscience. But reformed Hinbelieves that his life gives the lie to duism has been powerless to check • The auth()r of this article is a young man who was baptized by Re,. A. T. Cape.

the growing influence of our Lord ary Society, whose kind treatment and Savior upon the educated classes can be well exprest in the words, "1 in India. was a stranger and he took me in."

I was born in 1885, of a res!.Ject – He introduced me to Rev. A. T.

~ble parentage, in the village of Sa Cape, of the Vesleyan Mission, Be- gri, Ramalpindi district, Punjab. My nares, now stationed at Jubbulpore, grandfather, Meleta Wazir Chand, and after a careful examination of was an extra assistant commissionier, my case, he decided to baptize me.

and was highly respected by the local Since that time our friendship has government officials. He left three grown into relationship, and 1 feel sons heirs to an enormous landed toward him as toward a father. He property. Of these, one is practis- has spared no pains to help me on ing as a lawyer in Ramalpindi, the in the struggling career which falls I>econd is a grad1late and a clerk in to the lot of every convert. He is the civil court of the district judge, my friend, philosopher, and guide.

and the third, my father, is the head- After baptism I was literally flooded master of the Government SchOOl, with letters urging me to recant. My Gujarkhan District, R.unalpindi. friends and relatives appealed to me was brought up in an atmosphere in the name of that sacred word pa- surcharged with Arya ideas, and had, triotism, as tho Christianity and love naturally, a great liking for boob of for one's country were mutually ex- a controversial nature. Such readLlg clusive. But my attitude as a 01ris- led to doubt and skepticism. But tian toward the national movement (God be thanked), the study of com- was even worthy of their admiration.

parative religions, personal touch with· At last they chose a more subtle in- those who represent Christ in India strument for the purpose of winning (notably, the Rev. J. H. Martin), im- me back. They tried to play upon prest me greatly, and 1 was forced my most tender sentiments by ask- to admit the uniqueness of Christ's ing me to come back for the Rake message. My three years' study in of my mother, whose hopes were the Gordon Mission College, Ramal- centered on me, and who was sure pindi, is mainly responsible for my to receive a rude awakening from her conversion. Many times I felt 1 fond dreams, as the result of my ec- was being drawn toward the Master, centricity, as they called it. But it but I tried to resist, because I feared was all in vain. By God's help, I lest my openly embracing Christian- remained true to my colors. I am ity might lead to disastrous conse- now studying in the Allahabad Chris- quences. My parents' threats and tian College, and the people at the my claim to ancestral property jumna have influenced me much by weighed heavily with me. But God their Christian lives. I feel proud fulfils His purpose in many ways. At and think it a privilege to be a stu- last I made up my mind that I could dent of that flourishing institution, disregard my conscience no longer, the jumna college. May God help and I decided for Christ. I went t6 me in my Christian life, that the fu- Benares and happened to meet Rev. ture may see in me a worthy disciple W. Cutting, of the London Mission- of a worthy Master.

A CHRISTIAN PRINCE IN

REV. LOUIS MEYER, D.D.

BY MRS. T. C. ROUNDS, CHICAGO Superintendent of the Chicago l-Icbrcw lviission "Know ye not that there is a Prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel." -II Sam. 3: 38.

I]TJHESE words came to 1883-1884, Wurzburg 1884-1885, and us as a telegram bear- I-Iaile 1885-1887. He became espe- ing the startling. intel- cially interested in surgery and served ligence that Dr. Louis as "volunteer" in the Royal Surgical Meyer, one of the most Hospital at Halle. There he con- noted Jewish Christians tracted blood poisoning at a post of the present day, had exchanged the mortem section in 1887 and the physisorrow and suffering of earth for the joy and rest of heaven.

Altho Dr. Meyer's illness was of eight months' duration, this news comes as a shock and grief to his numerous friends, at home and abroad, who have been praying that if it were the will of the Lord, he might be raised up to complete what seemed to be an unfinished work. We will not attempt to enumerate all of Louis Meyer's various activities for the advancement of the Kingdom but wiII mention the following facts to give some idea of his "labors more abun- dant" during the twenty-one years of his Christian career.

Louis Meyer was born in the small town of Crivitz in the Dukedom of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, in Northern LOUrs MEYER Germany, on August 30, 1862. His Late Associate Editor of THE M,SS,ONARY parents, who were well-to-do Hebrews, REVIEW OF THE WORLD determined to give him a good secular cians thought only a long sojourn upon education, and at an early age he was the Ocean could restore the weakened sent to the Gymnasium in Parchim, nervous system. Thus he laid aside Mecklenburg (an institution between the practise of surgery for a time and an American College and a Univer- went upon the sea for almost four sity), from which he was graduated in years. He served first as steward, 1882. His own inclination drew him then as chief purser upon the to the study of history and literature, Delcomyn, Dunedin, Bedford, and but the fact that a Jew had, at that other steamers, thus seeing almost time, no hope of gaining any official every part of the world. His health position in Germany, caused him to having been fully restored, he came begin the study of medicine at the Uni- to the United States and soon went to versities of Berlin 1882,1883, Marburg Cincinnati, Ohio, to again take up the

practise of surgery which he laid aside study Jewish Missions, a subject almost five years before. God ordered which he had commenced to invesotherwise. The unbelieving Jew was tigate in 1896, when the Presbytery converted and joined the Reformed assigned that subject to him for his Presbyterian Church in Cincmnati. historical essay for licensure. He searched the libraries of Harvard, He was baptized in 1892, by Rev. J. Yale, Boston, and New York, making American Jews and American Jewish E. Smith, D.D., of the Clinton Street Missions his special study. Jews and Reformed Presbyterian Church, whose Christians soon began to come to him oldest daughter became the wife of for information, and the MISSIONARY the young Hebrew Christian in 1898. REVIEW OF THE WORLD, The Jewish Era, and other German and English At the urgent request of his Chris- Missionary magazines published many' tian friends, Mr. Meyer gave up his of his articles. In 1901 he was invited medical career and became a mis- to be one of the speakers at the Messisionary to the Jews in Cincinnati. anic Conference in Park Street Church Tho he met with much encouragement, Boston. In 1902 he was one of the he was conscious of the need of better speakers at the Jewish section of the training for the preaching of the Student Volunteer Convention of Gospel and went to the Reformed Toronto, Canada. In 1903 he was the Presbyterian Seminary in Allegheny, organizing secretary of the Interna- Pa., from which he was graduated in tional Hebrew Christian Conference 1897. A call from the Lake Reno congregation, near Glenwood, Minn., at Mountain Lake Park, Indiana. before his graduation, was accepted, In 1902 he furnished the tables of and Louis Meyer was ordained and Jewish Missions for the Atlas of Misinstalled in January, 1898. He was sions by H. P. Beach, which he revised the first Hebrew. Christian minister of in 1904 for the New Encyclopedia of the Reformed Presbyterian Church. Missions and again in 1910 for the In May, 1900, he accepted the call to "WorId Atlas of Christian Missions." In 1905 he wrote the article on Juthe larger congregation at Hopkinton, daism for the textbook of the Student- Iowa, to which he ministered until Volunteers "Religions of the Mission- February 20, 1906. During his pas- field." torate a fine large church of brick and stone was erected and opened practi- In February, 1906, Mr. Meyer cally free of debt. Four young men accepted the offer of the Chicago Heof that congregation consecrated them- brew Mission to become their Field selves to the service of the Lord in Secretary. His report to the Board the Gospel ministry. In 1901 the of Trustees for the first eleven months Presbyterian Synod of Iowa made Mr. reveals his incessant labors and wide Meyer a trustee of Lenox College of usefulness in this field. He says:- Hopkinton, in which capacity he A part of the II months for which served until 1906. He taught also the I am to report to you at this time History of Missions, which formed a was spent abroad. On March 17, part of the curriculum in Lenox Col- 1906, I sailed for Southampton and I returned to this country on July 22d, lege from 1902 till 1905, inclusive. During the years in Hopkinton Mr.

Meyer continued in larger measure to

A CHRISTIAN PRINCE IN

having visited England, Ireland, This was especially hard on me on Scotland, Holland and Germany. account of much sickness of my chil- While the chief purpose of my journey dren. Then it was peculiarly difficult was attendance at the Seventh Inter- for me to perform my preparatory national Jewish Missionary Con- studies and my literary work. But ference which was held at Amsterdam, I knew of these difficulties before I Holland, on April 24th and 25th, and entered upon the work, and I counted at which I represented the Chicago the cost before I accepted the position.

Hebrew Mission and the Covenant The Lord has been very good to me Mission at Pittsburgh, Pa., I, at the concerning these things and has made same time, acquainted myself as the burden easy. The encouragements thoroughly as possible with the condi- of the work have been numerous and tion of the Jews, the work and meth- great. I sum them all up in the one ods of the different Jewish Missions, sentence: Everything proves to me that and the general attitude of Christians I am doing the Lord's work. Hence toward the Jews and Jewish Missions His blessing has been upon me and in the different countries which I His help has been freely given. I visited. have found many more open doors Immediately after my return from than I expected to find, and when I abroad I commenced my work of remember that I am engaged in a new addressing Bible Conferences and and hitherto untried work I am churches wherever the Lord opened the amazed at the success (speaking from door. Thus, the privilege was granted the human standpoint). There is an to me to speak in behalf of Jewish ever-increasing readiness in the Missions at Lake Orion, Mich., at Christian churches of our land to hear Lake Winona, Ind., at Beulah Park, the Jew and Jewish missions discust near Cleveland, Ohio, and at many and the stirring influence of the Holy other meetings, and since July 26th Spirit in behalf of Israel is felt in I have spoken in Ohio, Michigan, every denomination. Prayer for Indiana, Illinois, Kansas and Pennsyl- Israel is increasing. The religious vania. Several of the Bible Training papers of the United States are de- Schools of our country have welcomed manding articles on Jews and Jewish me and given me an opportunity of missions, and congregations every- addressing their students, the Bible where are beginning to come to a Training School at Fort Wayne, Ind., consciousness of their responsibility arranging for a course of lectures. for the Jews whom God is bringing The privilege of addressing the stu- to us.

dents of the Reformed Presbyterian "Hitherto hath the Lord helped us,"

Theological Seminary at Allegheny, and I look into the future in faith, Pa., was also granted to me, and expecting great things of the Lord arrangements have been made by Prof. in His work among Israel. H. P. Beach of the Department of Missions at Yale University for an Mr. Meyer was also editor of the address to the students of that famous Missionary Department of the Jewish and infl uential divinity school on Jan- Era, the quarterly magazine of The Chicago Hebrew Mission, and is a uary 17th. It would take too much time to mention the different places where I addrest congregations of dif- regular contributor to the Christian ferent denominations, but let me Nation. In 1900 he began to be a simply sum itp my experiences of the frequent contributor to the MISSIONpast months in a few words: I can not deny that there have been ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and in 1909 became one of the associate some discouraging features to my editors. In this capacity he rendered work, the greatest among them, almost continuous separation from my family. very valuable service as translator for

the General Missionary Intelligence For four years Mr. Meyer traveled department, as editor of the Jewish as Field Secretary of The Chicago Missionary News and as compiler of Hebrew Mission, visiting all parts of mlsSlOnary statistics. Dr. Meyer the country from Maine to California, was also a frequent contributor to the not as a collector of funds, but as Glory of Israel, Pittsburgh, and Zion's lecturer to create an interest in Jewish Freund, Hamburg, Germany. work in general. His labors resulted in stimulating much personal work in Dr. Meyer has never published the organization of local missions, and any account of his conversion and has in strengthening the heart and hands always been reluctant to enter into a of those engaged in missions already discussion of this most important established. event of his life. He was reared as a German Jew, but was well acquainted In May, 1909, Dr. Meyer was ap- with Christianity and its doctrines, pointed by the General Assembly of having read the New Testament in the Presbyterian Church in U. S. A. Greek in school. As a student he be- to take charge of the Jewish work came a Rationalist and was sometimes inaugurated by the Board of Home even ashamed of his Jewish birth. His Missions in its Department of Immi- uncle, the celebrated missionary of the gration, intending thereby, as Dr. Presbyterian Church 6f England in Meyer supposed, to prosecute a gospel London, Rev. Theodore Meyer, visited work among the thousands of Jewish frequently at the home of his brother, immigrants flocking to our shores. But Mr. Meyer's father, but, having after two years he withdrew from promised not to discuss religion dur- this local effort and gave himself once ing these visits, was faithful to his more to the national field. promise and never spoke of Christ to his nephew. He prayed, however, Dr. Meyer possest an unusually according to his later testimony, espe- clear head, a very retentive memory, cially for this nephew who visited him a logical mind. His brain was a store frequently in London. In Cincinnati, house of facts and figures on the Jew- Mr. Meyer selected the Covenanter ish problems of the day and On general Church for his study of the English missionary intelligence, which he could language, because the Psalms were quote at a moment's notice. He was sung and the worship was very simple. a statistician of acknowledged author- The sermons which led him to Christ, ity in the United States and abroad, step by step, were a course of lectures and was exceedingly accurate and careful in colIecting his material. Dr. by Rev. J. E. Smith, D.D., on "Christ Meyer's wife used to rally him in their early married life for spending so in the Book of Leviticus." His con- much time over statistical tables, but version, therefore, should be an en- he replied: "These are my capita1." couragement to every faithful preacher One gentleman used to refer to him of the Gospel, proving that no "special" as "a walking thesaurus." Especially sermons are needed for cultured Jews, was he noted for the methodical and that the Gospel is still "the power arrangement of his papers. He never of God unto salvation to everyone that was at a loss to find a letter or paper believeth, to the Jew first and also to of any kind, so accurately were they • the Greek."

A CHRISTIAN PRINCE IN

filed and indexed. It was a rare thing "None of us had any idea whether to find a converted Hebrew of whom any of the students would attend. We he could not tell all about his birth, counted upon a number of those from his conversion, his baptism, his occupa- the Theological Seminary, who Know tion and his ministry. me, and upon some of the people of Dr. Meyer was also a devout and Princeton, but all of us agreed that intelligent student of the Word and a McCosh Hall, which seats 600 people, man of prayer, as all his sermons and would prove rather large for the occa- lectures clearly evidenced. His writ- sion. Thus the hour for the meeting ings showed a very clear and forceful came and 10, there were less than 50 style so that no one ever had to guess chairs vacant in the hall and a large at his meaning. crowd of students had appeared. Our Altho a man of rare ability, he still harpist and our singer, two good at times showed much timidity and Christian ladies, proved a success and fear, so often found in magnetic their earnest music was well received. speakers. This is brought out in a Then I was introduced. I commenced private letter written from Princeton, with a broad history of the Jews, past N. J., where at the invitation of Mrs. and present, speaking about 20 minutes W m. Borden he gave three lectures in without revealing my real purpose, and McCosh Hall, February 13, 18, and 20, the audience followed me with interest.

19I I. The story of these meetings, Suddenly I closed my narrative and I not written for publication, is best told went on somewhat like this: 'Jewish in his own words as showing his con- History is true. I t is recorded in the scious lack, but which the Spirit Old Testament. The Old Testament seemed to 'make up to him. was closed at least 2,500 years ago.

"Monday, February 12th, I was very Whence did its writers get the knowl- tired and worn out, and I was very edge of such history which is peculiar nervous as I looked forward to the and extraordinary? By divine inspi- first meeting. I was to face the stu- ration. Then the Old Testament is the dents of the University of Princeton, Voice of God.' While I was develop- and I was deeply conscious of my lack ing these thoughts, some of the stu- of knowledge, of my German and Jew- dents who had been lolling in their ish brogue, and of my general insuffi- seats, sat up and leaning forward, ciency. The notices sent out, which I began to show sign of special interest.

had not seen before, and the special "Then once more I turned to Jewish program for the evening made me history and asked the question, 'What afraid that the audience might lose does it teach us?' My answer was, 'It sight of the spiritual side of the meet- teaches us that the master sin of men is ing. But, at the same time, I was the rejection of the Lord Jesus Christ.'

conscious that many were praying in It began to grow very still as I was behalf of the meeting and for me, thus appealing to everyone present.

and I decided to trust and do what I Just as I closed the appeal and was considered my duty to my Lord, espe- ready to finish, the great bell of the cially since Mrs. Borden had given me University struck nine, and everyone complete liberty concerning my ad- of the strokes was clearly heard amid dress. the stillness. It was like the call of the

Lord. It was of His ordering for I The interest was intense and I had had not known of the existence of the to answer questions for 30 minutes clock. Deeply stirred myself, I was more; even when I had my overcoat silent while the clock was striking. on and was in the hall some new ques- When it had ceased, I simply said, tions were asked. In walking home Amen. For a little all was silence. with me, Dr. Van Dyke said that he Then two students arose and, as their had never seen anything like it in the fashion is, showed their approval by Graduate College, tho the dinners are applause, and in a moment the hall monthly and they send for great men resounded with the clapping of hands, and speakers. I answered him that it the Christian men and women, the was not the speaker, but the subject professors and the preachers present and the Lord behind it. Praise the joining in it. But I sat down not even Lord for His goodness." acknowledging the applause, because On April 28, 19II, The Dubuque the praise belonged unto the Lord. German Presbyterian College con- "Two most appropriate pieces of ferred the degree of Doctor of Divinmusic followed and the meeting came ity upon him. On May 22, 191 I, he to a close. A crowd surrounded me. sailed for Stockholm, Sweden, to at- Professors and preachers, men and tend the "Eighth International Conwomen, came to shake my hand. An ference of Jewish Missions," from old man whispered in my ear, 'Your June 7 to 9, 19II, in which conference message was from the Lord. To Him he took a prominent part. be praise.' Then came the students. Upon the departure of Dr. A. C. The first was a Senior. He was from Dixon of Chicago Avenue Church to Cincinnati and wanted to tell me that take the pastorate of the Metropolitan he had only come because I was adver- Tabernacle, London, Dr. Meyer was tised as from his city, but, he added, appointed June I, I9II, to succeed him 'The Lord has spoken to me to-night. as Executive Secretary of The Fun- I will serve Him in the future more damentals,' to edit papers in connection earnestly.' Other students followed with a fund created by "Two Chrishim, among them an unconverted]ew, tian Laymen;" to furnish in a series of a Senior, who was quite timid and did volumes statements of the fundamennot know what to make of me. Then tals of Christianity "to every pastor, came two gentlemen, to invite me for evangelist, missionary, theological stu- Wednesday night, 7 o'clock, to be the dent, Sunday-school Superintendent, guest and speaker, on a subject of my Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. secreown choice, at the Graduate College. tary in the English-speaking world so "February I6. Last night was a far as their addresses can be obtained." grand opportunity. All the students of In this capacity his services were inthe Graduate College were present and valuable, and he had the fullest confiwore white vests and gowns, so that dence of the Board of Trustees. In a I had to put one on, too. The dinner letter written since Dr. Meyer's death was presided over by Professor Van to a private party, by Mr. Thos. E. Dyke. Then we adjourned to the Stephens, manager of The Funda- Library, where I spoke 45 minutes, mentals, we have the estimate of one by order, on 'Our Jewish Immigrants.' who was closely in touch with him:

A CHRISTIAN PRINCE IN

"I wish to add a word of deep everything that wealth could provide, appreciation regarding the life and he gradually grew weaker and on Friwork of Dr. Meyer. He was faithful day, July IIth, at 10:30 A. M., the and conscientious to the last degree. spirit took its flight. He was "at We shall surely miss his painstaking home with the Lord." oversight of our work, his visits to the office, his helpful counsel, his prompt- About two weeks before he passed ness in correspondence, and the great away he said feebly to his friend, Mr. care which he always took to reply so Lyman Stewart, "I have never been fully and accurately to every inquiry. sorry for the cross which I had to He had a heart of love and tender carry in the persecution of my people." sympathy, and in more than one sense he was one of God's chosen people." A few days before death he said something in Latin. When asked what Thousands of testimonials from he meant, he smiled and replied: "Tell readers of The Fundamentals attest Mrs. – – – 'The battle is over, the the helpfulness of the articles in the victory is won.''' five volumes which he edited. Tho for three weeks he had been In June, 19IO, Dr. Meyer was blind, with great self-control he conappointed to prepare a paper on "The cealed the fact from his wife, who Jews" for the Committee of the was constantly by his bedside, lest it World's Missionary Conference, held should distress her. at Edinburgh, Scotland, June 14-23, 19IO. He attended this Conference As he neared the heavenly shore himself and took a prominent part in his face lit up as with a beatific vision. the discussions, delivering a. special His blinded eyes now open, evidently address on "The Jews." caught the face of his Savior, for he whispered "Christ"-then later "Pa." The last service that he was able to (This was his father-in-law, who had render to his dearly beloved Chicago led him to Christ.) It was beautiful Hebrew Mission, with which he was that he should see his Savior first, always in sympathy, was his attendance then he who had led him to Christ. at the Quarterly meeting of the Board, October 9, 1912, at which time he was An aged mother in Berlin, a wife happy in his suggestions and counsel. and three children are left to mourn his loss with an innumerable com- On the third of November, while pany of friends to share in their grief. Dr. Meyer was arranging to attend the The funeral services were held in Quarter-Centennial of The Chicago· Pasadena, on July 14th. Hebrew Mission, to be held November 4, 1912, he was stricken down by hem- The Chicago Hebrew Mission and orrhages of the lungs. In about a the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE month he recovered sufficiently to take WORLD will especially miss his counsels the trip to California and remained in and aid. The whole Christian world a sanitorium at Monrovia for seven and the Church of Christ are richer for months. Altho he was under the care his life and service and will greatly of skilled physicians and nurses, and feel the loss caused by his departure. With the coming of our Lord we shall was ministered to by kind and lov- again greet him and rejoice in his joy ing friends, who furnished him with when together with him we shall be "forever with the Lord."

REAL HEART OF THE MISSIONARY PROBLEM *

BY ROBERT H. GLOVER, M.D.

HEN we have listened the tomb. "For we know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that, tho He EWl to stirring missionary was rich, yet for your sakes He be- addresses and have came poor, that ye through His pov- been given new visions erty might be rich." Jesns was poor, of lands beyond the seas, with their dark- literally poor. He chose to be so. He ness and suffering and despair, when was born in a stable. He wore coarse we have faced the stupendous prob- clothes. He ate common food. His lem of a thousand millions still home, while he had one, was that of unevangelized, and have reviewed a peasant, and many a time later He many phases of missionary work, had not where to lay His head. Fi- the question arises, "What is the nally He was buried in a borrowed real heart of the missionary prob- tomb. And this literal poverty was lem ?" Is it a problem of men? Or part of the price He paid for the one of money? Or of method? It in- spiritual riches He has purchased for cludes all these, but it is morc. When us.

we have prest past all secondary con- His personal milliStry involved siderations right home to the heart of physical weakness, weariness, hunger the matter, I believe that in its last and privation, and still greater suffer- analysis we shall find it a problem of ing of mind and heart. As He in- love-personal love for the Lord Jesus cessantly "went about doing good,"

Christ. And why? Simply because ministering physical and spiritual heal- the very soul of missions is sacrifice, ing to thousands. it meant the pouring and love is the supreme and only mo- out, little by little, of His own life and tive that can impel to the sacrifice in; strength, His spending and being valved. spent for others. In life, in death, He The spirit of missions is just the saved men at the cost of Himself.

spirit of Jesus Christ, and His was "He saved others, Himself He can not essentially a spirit of supreme self- save. "

sacrifice. Those words, "He saved Listen to His own words, "Except others, Himself He can not save," a corn of wheat fall into the ground flung derisively at Jesus as He hung and die, it abideth alone, but if it die upon the Cross, were after all the ex- it bringeth forth much fruit. He that pression of a profound truth. Had saveth his life shall lose it; he that the Lamb of God in retaliation to that loseth his life the same shall find it."

mocking cry corne down from the Such is the law of the kingdom of cruel tree, onr salvation would never God. Such is the law of missionary have become an accomplished fact. He life and labor. Well did the old Bap- has saved us, but it cost Him His own tist missionary 'Society adopt as its life to do it. symbol an ox standing between a Nor was this spirit of self-sacrifice plow and an altar, and underneath the confined to His death. It entered into words, "Ready for either or for both."

His whole life from the manger to And when we quote the expression, .. An addre!';s delivered at the New York Convention of the Christian and ].fissionary Alliance, October, 1911. "The blood of the martyrs is the seed face is that we can not. N Dt merely of the church," let us regard it as no is this clearly demonstrated by the mere sentiment, but as actual fact. actual facts of the missionary enter- We praise GDd for the missiDnary prise to-day-its insufficient fDrces, its graves as well as the missionary sta- embarrassed treasuries, its inability to tions, knowing that each of those pre- overtake the needs and opportunities CiDUS lives laid down has contributed abroad-but it is equally plain fDr the to the coming of the Kingdom of reason that such easy accomplishment Christ. of the task is contrary to the very Divine law of missions-the law of I believe there is need to-day to re- sacrifice. "He saved others; Himself emphasize this principle of sacrifice He can not save." No more can we. in missions, as one that is fundamental, essential, vital. God never intended we should. It We live in an age in which self- would be to leave out of the missionsacrifice is by no means popular. The ary enterprise that which is its very aim and effort are to eliminate sacri- essence and glory. God laid the founfice and to indulge ease and selfish dation of this work of world redempcomfort. This same tendency is creep- tion in sacrifice when it cost Him His ing into Christian churches and homes, only begotten SDn, and He will finish and producing a spirit of complacency it by no less worthy a spirit or costly instead of CDncern with regard to. mis- a means. siDns. If individuals are not seriously disturbed or inconvenienced, can wear Yet thousands of individuals and as gDod clothes, live in as comfortable churches, professing allegiance to homes and spend as much for pleasure Jesus Christ, are practically denying or the whims of fashion; if home to millions of their fellow men the only churches can stilI be as imposing and opportunity of salvation through as luxuriously furnished, and as well Christ, simply because they refuse or equipped with musical talent; and if fail to meet this question squarely on denominationalism can still be every- its only true and adequate basis of where maintained, and every small self-sacrifice. In the light of the town and many a mere village can world's unsupplied need and the have its three or four churches, each church's unproffered resources it has with a mere handful of worshipers- still to be said, in plain honesty, that if, I say, all these interests can be as- the church as a whole is only playing sured, and the pittance that is Dver, at missions as a sort of diversion inof men· and money, will suffice to stead of making the enterprise its subreak the Bread of Life to a thousand preme business. millions for whom nothing is prepared, then the missionary proj ect will I want to bring this question to bear receive a unanimDus vote of approval. upon those who are gathered here. In a word, if we could save the hea- Have we the missionary spirit? Are then by the mere passing of a reso- we in this enterprise to the extent of lutiDn, without any appreciable sacri- any real sacrifice? Men are constantly fice, without its costing us, we would. asking, "Do missions pay?" The But the hard fact which we have to. question we would do better to ask is, "Do missions cost?" There is a standpoint, of course, from which the

question as to whether missions pay again, at the risk of incurring to him- may legitimately be asked and an- self the criticism and displeasure of swered. But our concern at this mo- others-all for the sake of imploring ment is not with the returns but with and securing aid for another in the sacrifice of missions, and from this want.

viewpoint missionary enterprise is not What was it that won for that man's meant to pay, it is meant to cost. request a full and satisfactory re- I ask reverently, did missions pay sponse? "I say unto you, tho he will Jesus Christ? No, they cost Him His not rise and give him because he is life-blood. How much have they cost his friend, yet because of his impor- us for love of Him? I wonder if tunity he will rise and give him as some of us under grace are not falling many as he needeth." It was the ele- short of David under the law, in seek- ment of self-sacrifice which made that ing to offer unto the Lord of "that prayer effectual. It was the thought which doth cost us nothing," or very of the lengths to which the man out- little. side had gone in his concern for an- Now, there are three great outlets other that made it impossible for the of missionary energy generally spoken man inside to refuse his request, how- of, namely, by praying, by going, by ever reluctant he at first was to rise giving. Let us think for a little of from his bed. That man stirred his this feature of sacrifice in relation to friend by bestirring himself. Just so each of these in turn. shall we stir God when we bestir our- I. The first outlet of missionary en- selves unto prayer. God's complaint ergy is by praying. is that "there is none that stirreth up I place prayer fi rst because it be- himself to take hold of Him." We longs first. Missions are not prima- can not blame God for seeming to be rily a matter of men, or money, or apathetic while we are apathetic. God method, but of the unhindered out- waits to see in you and me His own working of God Himself, and such concern and solicitude for the hea- outworking is always called forth pre- then. Like the man abed in the par- eminently through prayer. Prayer is able, He wants to provoke us to earn- the greatest power in the kingdom of estness, to sacrifice, to importunity in God. The appeal for intercession prayer for souls who are starving for should, therefore, be placed before the Bread of Life, and then He will even the appeal for men and money. rise and give us for them as many But notice that an essential element of loaves as we need.

true missionary intercession is the Beloved, have we prayed? Have we sacrifice which it costs. "prayed earnestly"? Have we "la- Our Lord has furnished us with a bored fervently in prayer"? How model for such prayer in His parable much has prayer for the souls yonder of the friend at midnight. It tells in the darkness cost us-in time, in of one who so took upon him another's strength, in self-denial? Any hours need that he rose from his bed and of deep concern? Any sleepless went forth through the darkness, at nights of wrestling? If our prayers an unseasonable hour, to the house of have cost us little they have availed his friend, there to knock and knock correspondingly little. God is seek-

REAL HEART OF THE MISSIONARY PROBLEM

ing intercessors. Oh, let us enter the amid hardships and dangers, if these honored list! "other sheep" are to be brot<ght in.

2. The second outlet of missionary I will not lower my appeal by mak- energy is by going. ing the missionary life appear to be an vVe may sit back comfortably and easy one. True, it has its decided sing: compensations, and even pleasant fea- "Vaft, waft ye winds His story, and tures, at times. Yet the true mission- you, ye waters, roll, ary life calls for self-sacrifice. It Till, like a sea of glory, it spreads ought to be so. But shall this fact from pole to pole," deter you? It is said that Napoleon's but that doesn't solve the problem. appeal for recruits for his army was The only way that the wind and in the words, "Come and suffer!" waters can carry the Story the world Ought missionary appeal to assume in around is by carrying forward men the followers of Christ a spirit less and women who go to tell it. We noble, less worthy than that of the can not stay at home and save the common soldier? heathen. . Here again does our Lord furnish Young man, young woman! May us with an inspired model, in His not you be among those whom the parable of the Good Shepherd, so in- Lord wants to go? Have you asked delibly imprest upon our memories by Him? Have you offered yourself? Sankey's immortal hymn, "The Ninety Is the sacrifice too great, the cost too and Nine." You remember how one dear, for His' sake who has done so of those verses runs: much for you?

Some must let go. Parents are called upon to lay their children upon "Lord, whence are those blood-drops . the altar for this blest work. They all the way, are not to be denied their part in the That mark out the mountain's track? precious sacrifice. I tell you that it is the fathers and mothers whose boys They were shed for one who had gone and girls are out on the fighting line who know best how to hold the ropes astray, by prayer, and sympathy, and sacri- Ere the Shepherd could bring him ficial gift. If God is asking you, dear father, dear mother, for your son or back. daughter as a witness for Him in some Lord, whence are Thy hands so rent and torn? They're pierced to-night by many a thorn."

Such was the path the Master trod; f()reign field, I pray you refuse Him must not His servants tread it still? not, but willingly make the sacrifice, Missionary life and labor demandsac- and you shall share the resultant joy rifice. and reward.

Some must go-cheerfully leaving Some must help go. Churches, as homeland and loved ones and fond well as parents, have their definite part associations, and surrendering bright to play, by sending forth workers, if prospects and cherished plans-go to the rank$ on the mission field are to face uncongenial climes, and difficult b~ filled up. Who shall be sent? The languages, and strange peoples, to live no-goods and cast-offs? Those who and toil patiently and perseveringly, can easily be spared because of infe-

rior gifts and abilities, and who never Men and women! How much have would make their mark at home? we really given? Have we cast in That is not the way it appealed to "out of our abundance," or "out of the church at Antioch. They sent our penury"? Are we trying to serve forth Barnabas and Saul, their very God, satisfy our conscience and save brightest and best, the ones most es- the heathen with our spare cash or sential, as it seemed, to the church at pin money, or are we measuring up home. And God blest and multiplied to the New Testament standard, that church in consequence, and let it "Freely ye have received, freely give"?

displace the more seifish and narrow- If we look for our Lord's model for minded church at Jerusalem as the this third outlet of missionary energy, great home-base of the missionary as in the former two, I think we have movement. "There is that scaW:reth it in His parable of the Good Samari- and yet increaseth; and there is that tan. That poor victim of the thieves withholdeth more than is meet, but it lies before us again in the picture of tendeth to poverty." Would that fallen, suffering, doomed humanity in many a modern church would take a India, Africa, Olina and every other page out of the book of Antioch's ex- heathen land. Vhat are we going to perience! do about it? Some of us, with the 3. The third outlet of missionary Scribe and Pharisee of old, are going energy is by giving. to pause for a mere passing glance But we need, like those of old, to and then "pass by on the other side."

have our offerings of gold and silver We are going to forget this vision of weighed in the scales of the sanctuary, sorrow and despair, as we pass out in order to estimate them at their true into the rush of business and the swim value. Jesus still sits over against the of pleasure in this mighty metropolis, treasury, watching the offerings of because we shrink from the cost of His people. How different His esti- doing our duty. But others, thank mate of them from that of man! "Of God! will be found alongside of that a truth I say unto you that this poor Good Samaritan, whose heart was widow hath cast in more than they all ; moved with compassion, who with for all these have of their abundance eyes and feet and hands hastened to cast in-but she of her penury hath the rescue, who freely gave his time, cast in all the living that she had. his strength, his sktll, his money, yea, Here is the very same principle again, his very self, and who saved a lost this time applied to giving-the prin- soul by the sacrifice of giving.

ciple of sacrifice. With Olrist the And now, beloved, if you have fol- question was not "How much has each lowed me through this theme, 'and one given?" but "How much has each with me have seen that missions have one reserved?" For only this latter a soul, and that that soul is sacrifice, question brought out the point of im- and that every output of missionary portance, namely, as to what each of· effort, be it by prayer, by going, by fering reaIIy costs its offerer. It is .iving, involves and demands self-sac- not giving any two mites, but giving rifice, then I believe you will agree the last two, that puts us jn that with me that the real heart of the widow's class. missionary problem is love, since love

REAL HEART OF THE MISSIONARY

alone is equal to the sacrifice that is love." Have you noticed that? Those called for. Christians' profession of love was tested and confirmed not by any quan- Listen to the familiar Word of God. tity of verbal assurances, but by the "God so loved the world that He gave practical matter of their money offer- His only begotten Son." "God com- ings. If that may be the way Christ mendeth His love toward us, in that adjudges our profest love to-day, how while we were y"et sinners Christ died does each of us stand before Him? "If for us." "Christ ioved the church and ye love Me," says He, "keep My comgave Himself for it." What church mandments." To Peter He said, did Christ love? Was it the church "Lovest thou Me'~,·, Then, in proof already saved, and cleansed, and sanc- of it, "Feed My sheep I" And the tified, and radiant in His beauty? No, same Master looks down to-night upon but it was the poor, vile, sunken sin- those myriads of ';other sheep," wanners who through His sacrifice, His dering still without a shepherd, and outpoured life, were to be lifted and cries, "0, ye, who profess your love transformed into such a church. And to Me! Give ye them to eat!" remember that some members of that church yet lie undiscovered amid the A ship was returning from distant gloom and vice of heathenism. Christ goldfields when, on nearing port, she loves them. He gave Himself for suddenly struck a rock and began to them. He longs for them. But only sink. The passengers were forced to as the love of Christ constrains us to strike out for themselves and try to the sacrifice invoived in seeking and reach the shore. One strong man was finding them shall He see of the tra- preparing for the plunge when a va:il of His soul and be satisfied. friendless little girl stood before him. "Oh, sir," she cried, "will you save Love is the supreme motive to all me?" A struggle was on in that man's true sacrifice. It was love that mo,ed heart. Around his waist was strapped the Friend at midnight, the Good a belt filled with gold. It represented Shepherd, the Good Samaritan. "Love hard toil behind and pleasures and never faileth." Nothing less will comforts before him. But there stood avail. And if you are lacking the the little girl, helpless, pleading. One missionary spirit you are lacking love. thing was sure-he could not save both. Which should it be? A mo- Conversely, sacrifice is the supreme ment of hesitation, and then with a test of love. "Hereby perceive we the resolute will he loosened the belt and love of God, because He laid down flung it down. "Come, little one," he His life for us; and we ought to lay responded, "hold fast around my down our lives for the brethren. But neck!"-and with his living burden whoso hath this world's good, and he plunged into the waves and finally seeth his brother have need, and shut- reached the shore. He lay for a while teth up his heart of compassion from unconscious after his exhausting efhim, how dwelleth the love of God in fort, but when consciousness returned him?" and he beheld that little maid bending tenderly over him and looking with Paul's explanatiun to the Corinthi- loving gratitude into his face, he ans for sending messengers to receive their missionary offerings was that he might "prove the sincerity of their

thanked God that he had played the to thank God for the grace and courman and had had courage to save a precious life even at the cost of his age given you to make the right gold. choice to-night! F or "they that be Beloved, that man's decision is wise shall shine as the brightness of thrust upon more than one Christian with whom the great choice is be- the firmament, and they that turn tween the selfish use and enjoyment many to righteousness as the stars for of gift, of gold, of life, and the rescue of precious souls through the sacrifice ever and ever." of these. But when you reach the other shore, saveq by His grace from "Oh what joy it wiil be, when His face the rolling bil1ows, and shall see by I behold, your side radiant souls saved out of heathenism by your sacrificing gift Living gems at His feet to lay and effort, how it will deepen heaven's down! joy to you, and you will never cease It would sweeten my bliss in the city of gold, Should there be any stars in my crown."

May that joy be ours, not for our sakes alone, but for theirs, and for His!

SOME MISSIONARY MOTTOES , 'UNLESS Jesus Christ is Lord these, and except the old man be of .all, He is not Lord at all." changed within, all these adventitious "It is the m*issi*on *of the Church trappings will make him a more potent force for evil." to give the whole Gospel to the whole world." "If we *** in our re- "We cannot *ser*ve *God and mam- have not enough mon, but we can serve God with ligion to drive us to share it with all mammon." the world, it is doomed here at home." *** * "Love never *ask*s, how much must "This is a lost world to be saved, and not simply an ignorant world to I do? but how much can I do?" be educated." *** *** "You might as well try to cure "The Gospel of Jesus Christ is not small-pox by scenery, as to try to save only a Gospel for all men, but it is the world by improvement of environa Gospel tor the whole man." ment."

*** *** "The man who does not believe in "The question is not, How much foreign missions had better bum up of my money will I give to God? but, his New Testament, for it is a record How much of God's money will I of foreign missions." keep for myself?"

*** * * * "Doing nothing for others is the "Missionary history is a mystery undoing of one's self." until it is read as His story." *** "We have g*iven* t*he Orient war- "With God go over the sea; withships and telephones, steam cars and out Him not over the threshold." sewing-machines, and silk hats, but its inhabitants are none the better for * * * "What I spent I had-what I kept I lost-what I gave I have."

AMONG AFRICAN

P"GES FROM THE DIARY OF MRS. STUART WATT * iA] FTER we had received the sun was declining about four to the intimation, at Zan- five in the afternoon. In the dark of zibar, of the murder of the night they were continually growl- Bishop Hannigan and ing about, and sometimes attempted his 40 followers, we to put their heads under the tent. I felt more eager than had been successful in securing one or ever to hasten on our way into the two fowls from the natives, and these interior and deliver the Savior's mes- I kept in an open box over which some sage. It was this spirit, and with wire netting had been securely nailed. unfaltering faith in Divine protection, I had this brought into the tent every that gave Mr. and Mrs. Stuart Watt evening before tying up the tent doors. the courage to go forward in God's One night a leopard drew out the box name into the wilds of East Equato- with his paw, tore up the wire netting rial Africa, where for a quarter of a and devoured my stock. Later, while century they labored to spread the I was watching by the side of my hus- Gospel of Christ's redeeming love. band's bed, I found another of these beasts poking his nose underneath the It was in 1885 that the young mis- tent. The danger seemed so great and sionaries landed at Zanzibar, and be- imminent that I roused my sick husgan a pioneer work among savages. band from his sleep; and, putting the They had cheerfully resigned a happy rifle and cartridge bag in his hand, I home in Belfast to obey the Master's pointed to where the leopard was trycall, to endure incredible sufferings ing to gain entrance. Altho very weak, and perils hardly surpassed in the he raised himself on the bed, slipt annals of missionary endeavor. Their a cartridge into the rifle and fired at first year in the African field was the spot indicated. in the morning marked by many thrilling experiences our men saw traces of blood in the that might well have daunted them. grass, but no carcass could be found." Their little son died of jungle fever, and they narrowly escaped a similar Such were the scenes the young misfate themselves; but there was never sionaries passed through during their a thought of turning back. first year in Africa, and to which they were eager to return after being inva- Before passing to the more impor- lided home. And return they did in tant period in the story of Mr. and 1893, this time with even a more ad- Mrs. Watt's pioneering missionary venturous purpose in view, for wherework, it may be of interest to describe as they had first gone out under the some of the conditions in which they auspices of the Church Missionary lived during that first year. Society, now they proposed to go for- ward independently and alone into an "At one time Mr. Watt was taken unopened country. Missionaries and very ill while we were still living in government officials alike urged Mr. a tent. The country was infested with Watt to renounce such a dangerous leopards and lions. Even in daylight proj ect, and especially he was warned we used to see them, occasionally quite near to our tent, especially when • IN THE HEART OF SAVAGEDOM. By Mrs. Stuart Watt. Edited by her husband. Bvo, 472 pp. 70 illustrations. Marshall Bre>thers, London and New York, 1913. 7s, 6d, ..et.

not to take his wife and children into numerous, and through the night could the hostile wilderness.. "But," says be heard growling, sniffing, and howl- Mrs. Watt, who entirely shared her ing about the camp. husband's views, "nothing could quench the ardent desire which was in It would be interesting to trace the his heart, to carry the Gospel to the progress of Stuart Watt and his famiunopened parts of Africa. No fear of ly through the wilds, their miraculous death at the hands of the savage, nor escapes from these wild beasts and dread of falling by malignant fevers treacherous savages. They finally on the way, could swerve him from the reached the site where a home and work which lay before him, and which mission were to be established in a he recognized as having been assigned country teeming with savage Wakamto him by God." To the natives of the ba, who did not want them there, and coast it was something unprecedented threatened that if they attempted to see young European children taken building they would all be dead in into the wilds of savage Africa. three days. "We found them endeav- oring to poison our water, but provi- What would be the fate of these dentially our supply was drawn from little ones if she were taken away, was an overflowing spring; their designs a harrowing thought to Mrs. Watt and were ineffectual in that direction " her husband during their long journey into the unopened wilderness, but their When the savages found the white reliance on Divine mercy was so com- man was determined to remain and plete that they went forward cheer- build there, the petty chief of the disfully to fulfil the work to which God trict sent word that he desired to make had called them. Suffer the children blood-brotherhood with the missiondid, from hunger and thirst, like the ary. Mr. Watt, thinking that it might rest of the party at times, but none give him more influence over those perished, and far from being con- wild, nude savages, consented to this sidered a burden in the work they loathsome ceremony. Despite the· might well be counted as a valuable blood covenant the majority of the asset. For to the savages they were savages resented their presence, and always objects of curious interest and interfered with the building, but the helped to establish friendly relations chief remained true to that solemn between the party and the often hostile compact under the severest ordeals, natives. and aided them many times.

On the march toward the interior As soon as the mission buildings they passed through scenes of deadly were completed Mr. Watt at once beslaughter where bones and skulls of gan the difficult work of reducing to human beings were lying about in writing the language of the tribe, and great numbers. This was the work of by dogged persistence the many obstathe Masai, a fierce and bloodthirsty cles were gradually overcome. Crowds tribe of marauders. On one occasion gathered daily to watch the doings of the caravan narrowly escaped an en- their new neighbor. As soon as he counter with a company of perhaps a could master a few broken sentences he described to the curious savage thousand men belonging to this tribe. visitors, his purpose in coming among them. On these occasions he always Lions, leopards and hyenas were

AMONG AFRICAN SAVAGES

took the Bible in his hand, and told which surrounded them, and I could them that the message he delivered to not help thinking that, ere the mor- them was not his own, but was taken row's sun would rise their mutilated out of the Book, which was the re- remains might· be scattered about the vealed will of God. These people station."

spread the news far and wide about It was a period of great anxiety, the Book, and oftentimes a number but the missionaries' faith in Divine of old men came many miles to ascer- protection was supreme and unshaken, tain what the Book said upon various sO that when an armed escort was of- subj ects. Even the servant problem fered by the British representatives, to aided in spreading the Word, for these take them to the nearest fort they de- children of the jungle could never be clined the offer. They had firmly re- prevailed upon to remain more than a solved to "stand or fall in the position few weeks, before they obeyed the call to which God had called us, being as- of the wild and abruptly vanished. sured that He would, in His own way, "Hundreds of men thus passed a few direct the issue of affairs in accordance weeks with us, and then went their with His will."

way, all having heard the message of Having reduced the language of the the love of God in Christ Jesus." Akamba to writing and thus opened Once the natives sent one of their the way for the Messengers of the shrewdest men to seek employment at Gospel, and feeling acutely the urgent the station, that he might spy out needs of the great unoccupied country things and arrange to surprize and around them, Stuart Watt appealed massacre the white people. "At every to the Church Missionary Society of convenient opportunity, we spoke to Mombasa to establish a mission station him of the love of N'gai to all man- there. Bishop Peel came over to look kind, as manifested in this Son Jesus over the ground, ~nd eventually a mis- Christ. In a short time he seemed to sion was established where for several become quite attached to us, and even- years two missionaries labored, but the tually told us of the secret purpose for station was finally abandoned. "In which he had been sent, and revealed that vast expanse of heathendom we to us every plot and stratagem of the were left without any brother mission- natives, so that, under the blessing of aries, save Johnston and Evans from God, we were enabled to frustrate America, who clung to their post with their fateful designs." commendable fortitude."

An occasion of especial dread fol- But the reward came at last to the lowed the attack on a small govern- faithful. A long period of famine, ment post near the station by the which destroyed thousands of natives, Akamba when all the trained soldiers brought a blessing in its train, for it were massacred. A party of 60 men softened the hearts of the savages and sent to bury the dead was forced to many were won for Christ. "I shall retreat and flee for their lives. ever remember the way in which our "My heart sank within me," Mrs. little church was filled to overflowing Watt says "as I looked into the bright with the sadly emaciated elders of the happy faces of our little ones, who tribe who had come to pray to God were oblivious to the terrible danger for rain and to hear the glad news of a

Savior's love. Never before had they "There is in the heart of every savage bowed the knee to Jehovah. In former not only a belief in God, but an unutyears they had gone to the rain-doctor terable craving to know Him. and given him their sheep and goats, That intuitive hankering of the soul that he might unlock the windows of can, only be satisfied in a knowledge heaven and bring rain upon the thirsty of the revelation of God in Jesus earth. Now they had come in their Christ, and of the pardon and recondire distress to make their wants ciliation which Christ has purchased known to God and to hear His voice for mankind. If God's people were, but from the book. The hush that fell on for a single decade, earnestly and inthose Gospel meetings can never be tently devoted to the fulfilment of our exprest. Sincerity was stamped on Lord's last injunction, astounding. reevery visage. What work God wrought sults would follow, and the tribes oI by His Spirit among those aged men Africa would flock to Christ as doves we know not. Hundreds of them said to their windows, and nations would that they had been led to know the be born in a day." Lord Jesus and had received Him as their Savior." "In the Heart of Savagedom" is a remarkable narrative of heroism, suf- The period of famine humbled the fering and victories won through faith. wild Akamba race, they lost their To have ventured into a hostile, unhaughty mien and proud bearing, and opened country with a family of young at the Gospel meetings exprest repen- children, and there establish a mission tance for the life of plunder and amid a dense population where every rapine they had led. The old chief- man was a murderer; to have gained tain with whom Stuart Watt made their friendship and brought hundreds blood-brotherhood when he first to a knowledge of Christ's redeeming entered the country, came boldly out love, here indeed is a monumental and profest to accept Jesus Christ achievement, that for all time must as his Redeemer. He was baptized with a number of others before a great a shine among the starry deeds of misassemblage of natives, in a river near the mission, and from that time led a sionary history. And after quarter consistent Christian life. of a century of intense, health-wreck- ing labors in the African wilds, Stuart Few realize, says Mrs. Watt, how Watt and his wife are not ready to longingly the unreached heathen look relinguish their task, but are looking for some tangible revelation from God. hopefully forward to a return to the field for fresh conquests in His name.

BRAINERD'S WORDS OF DEVOTION "I wanted to wear out my life in His service for His glory. I desired nothing so ardently as that God should deal with me as He pleased. I rejoiced in my necessity of self-denial! I cared not where or how I lived or what hardships I went through, so that I could but gain souls for Christ."-DAvID BRAINERD.

If all Christians had this passion the world would be evangelized in a single generation.

OF THE EAST *

BY JAMES S. GALE, D.D., MISSIONARY IN KOREA mO NE firm conviction that of committee and assembly-apparatus dominates the East is and what not. It wearies the soul and the existence of God. dissipates the spirit of meditation. Certainly He exists; Let's get alone with God." who can deny it? The real problem is how to Another conviction that holds the Oriental in its grip is the fact of sin, attain unto Him. Va- and that sin in some way shuts God rious and often pitiful are the ways out. Confucius, the Great Master, employed to reach Him, and to get says: "He who sins against God finds His peace established in the soul. The no place for prayer." We might say Koreans' name for God is Hananim, in the New Testament language: "The the One Great One; and as the name wrath of God abideth on him." Sin suggests He is the summun bonum, the is a great reality to Asia, not sin just aim and obj ect of mortal existence, but as it is explained in the Bible, a slight-_ the way to Him is fiercely obstructed ly different phase of it, and yet sin.

and beset by a thousand impossibilities. Its awful form moves across every In Korea, as elsewhere, the terrestrial human life, bringing in its rear deadly pathways to the lonely hilltops are accompaniments. How shall we get often worn by feet that would rid of it? is a burning question that seek a celestial way to God. Their touches all conditions of the day. Sin hearts seem to say that He dwells in may be bought and sold; sin may be the quiet, somewhere. atoned for; sin may be hoodwinked Only yesterday the abbot of one of and cajoled; sin is a great and awful the largest monasteries, near Seoul, fact. Sin with its brood of ill-luck, called on the writer and exprest his and misfortunes, and sorrow, and regret that life was so broken in on tears, accompanies this mortal exist- by the noise and confusion of the ence, says the Buddhist.

world. "I would like to get away," To the Confucianist it evidences said he, "to some silent retreat, and departure from the Five Principles of there give my whole time to prayers Worth: Love, Truth, Good-form, En- and the service of the Buddha." Not lightenment, and Faith. How to rid only among the Buddhists, but among oneself of the results of sin that enve- Confucianists as well, is the idea of lop human existence as the serpents stillness and quiet associated with God. enwrap Laocoon is a great question.

Many Oriental seekers after God stop His frequent way is an entente cordiale their ears to the clangor and noises with the ruling spirits thereof. He that beset the public pathway and seek gives them food and drink, says many the untrodden road. prayers, offers prostrations. He has A saying of a great Confucianist planned, too, a method somewhat like teacher, So Kang-ch'uI, who was a the scapegoat of Leviticus. At his contemporary of Villiam the Norman, New Year seaSOn he writes out a list of runs thus: "God listens silently and temptations and errors that are likely to without noise; in the vast solitudes beset his pathway, and has them placed where shall I find Him? Not in the in the inner heart of a straw manikin.

heights nor in the far distances, but He encloses a little money also, and in the quiet of the human heart." then calls on any daring passer to Perhaps one of the things that the accept of his forbidden fruit and all East finds most wanting in Christian the evils that go with it. This scaven- propaganda is the quiet that it has ger of the gods, who has no soul worth associated with the eternal quest. speaking of, comes digging about Recently one of the leaders of the among these cast-off spiritual rem- church in Korea said: "This is not nants for the few stray cash that ac- religion, all this noise and confusion company them, and takes with them • From the Bible MISIla.ri..".

all the evils that accrue. Thus are the reflected in the classics of Confucius, fruits of sin transferred from one to and are well known to the multitude: another. He that would enter into the kingdom of the gods must overcome. The writer, speaking of the scape- goat to a class of men, said that it My friend Keel who, as a Taoist, represented the removal of sin far out used to spend a hundred days ill of the camp and away into the un- prayer, poured cold water over his known. He remarked that some head to dissipate the sleep that would Western interpreters thought it meant attack him like an armed band. He an offering to Azazel, a field demon, conquered and felt the joy in his soul. but this at once brought down a gener- To overcome in the realm of the spirit- al protest from the clas.s, which said ual has been one of the purposes of that that was never God's way of re- Asia, just as the West has busied itself . sisting devils. That was the old pagan with fighting through ice packs and way. The scapegoat, they held, must hummocks for an ideal point called be interpreted by the enlightened con- "the pole." All Asia has not fought science to mean simply the departure and suffered for such ideals as these, of sin from the sinner, and by no but its "holy men" have. means an offering to a demon. In the pathway of ease and self- Another conviction held fast by Asia delight the meditative hearts of Asia is, that man must suffer many trials see no hope. How truly, with these and must overcome temptations 'to convictions in hand, are the thinking reach the place of peace. "Ko-jin ones prepared to appreciate the book kam-nai" (if we are patient with the called the Bible when once they come bitter, the sweet will come) is an old squarely up against its announcements saying of the East. These sayings are and invitations.

THE PRESENT SITUATION IN JAPAN * BY REV. DAVID SPENCER. D.D., TOKYO, JAPAN ~I T is but 50 years since at once to manifest itself in earnest. ~ Japan emerged from a Foreign ideas swept in and were eager- state of feudalism, her ly appropriated. The borrowing from China and Korea which had gone on whole life drawn from for a 1,000 years now ceased and the government turned to the West for the musty past. There light. From America it borrowed models for its schools, its agriculture, ;s were then no schools, postal, telegraph and telephone sys- terns; from England those for its navy, no code of modern laws, its railway and steamships; from Germany its medical training and no modern facilities for travel and army; from France and Germany its judicial system; and from all the world commerce. The people were sharply its modern art, science, industries and the like, of necessity following its divided into clans hostile to each other. teachers somewhat slavishly at first, hoping for time to digest and assimi- There was no constitutional govern- late all this flood of new ideas, for not everything could be done at once. ment. There were no unity of social The departments most immediately or political life, no deliberative assem- blies. Religious forms and emblems existed on every hand, but the actual molding power exerted by religion upon the people was slight indeed. A recreant priesthood had become cor- rupt, profligate, ignorant, licentious.

Unrest was wide-spread. The time for a revolution had come, and it began * From Men and Missions.

PRESENT SITUATION IN JAPAN 6gr

demanded were those of Education, by education and by the new emphasis Communications, and Military, and placed upon commerce to a position of these have made the greatest power, but without moral change to relative progress. Material develop- lit him for his new and immensely ment naturally found ready wider responsibilities, while the Samusupport, to the neglect of the spiritual. rai, the soldier-scholar, is the police- The dangers arising from the pressure man, the officer, or the school-teacher. of a restless and aggressive neighbor The Court remains conservative and on the north, or a decadent one on the old-fashioned, as witness the recent west, were ever more apparent than Imperial funeral; while the rest of the those arising from the drifting of the people, under the influence of modern whole people into materialism, skepti- schools for half a century, are far cism and agnosticism. Consequently more liberal and progressive. From the military party has attained great an absolute monarchy, then, Japan has influence, and two victorious wars now become a constitutional governhave contributed mightily to the dom- ment; the people elect representatives inance of this party, retarding desir- to a Diet constitutionally empowered able development in other lines. Great to make the laws, subject to the apwar debts have brought burdensome proval of the Emperor; but in fact the taxation. To meet such conditions, Diet is ignored, overawed or defeated industries must be developed. As a in one way or another by the Bureaurecent writer puts it: "The rise of cracy. A people attaching the highest Japan, which has become the leader of importance to ceremonial politeness the East, is the result of no magical find it impossible to maintain their powers, but the fruit of study, in which ideals amid the onrush of the electric the books of the East played little car, the telephone, wireless, and at! part. A more difficult problem is to that belongs to this commercial age. maintain the position already won and The idea of an Emperor descended at the same time secure the happiness directly from the gods, and therefore of the people. The government of the worthy of worship, clashes with the new era will have to deal with growing idea of physical science as taught in domestic discontent. Taxation is op- the schools. The demands of the civil pressive, poverty is great; the man- law that the rights of the individual hood, the womanhood and the child- must be respected clashes with the hood of Japan are being sacrificed to demands of customs centuries old the idols of unbridled industrialism; which sink individual rights in the and in spite of all the national finances rights of the family. In dress, in are unstable. The elder statesmen, like the Russian colleagues with whom language, in literature, in art, in comthey have discovered a spiritual as merce -and cosmetics, in politics and well as a political affinity, have struck poetry, rice and religion, Japan is in a at the discontented with an iron hand; transition stage and is seeking to adbut the statesmen of the New Japan just herself wisely for her future and will have to work out some better gospel than Imperialism and repression if highest development. the new Japan is to win through her In the midst of such a clash of arms troubles." and ideas the claims of religion usually Social and Political Problems get scant recognition, and superficial observers have long been saying that As a consequence of this hasty the Japanese are not naturally a reliattempt to adjust Occidental ideas to gious people. If they are not, whence Oriental conditions the most contra- the thousands of temples and shrines, dictory conditions have arisen. The the priests and rich paraphernalia; merchant, lowest in the old social scale and seldom reliable, has been raised and what meant the millions of prayers throughout the empire for the recovery of the late Emperor, such appeals to

the gods as have seld~m before been environment, and for this peace is esknown? sential. The sensationalists who cry "war J war J" are the enemies of Japan. The Outlook In education, she must greatly multi- ply her schools of high grade and make This readjustment must go on, and them more practical, and must provide the resultant institutions will depend adequate moral instruction. In religion, largely upon the forces which direct the tide seems to be turning. The that readjustment. It is impossible to old Buddhism into new life, and the separate the religious question wholly Buddhists are imitating Christian from the political, social and industrial methods to a degree at once interesting conditions. Japan has long tried to and ridiculous; but while this may give find the soul-rest which she seeks. to the old faith a new lease of life, She first thought to find in universal the battle of the future for us may education the uplifting and strength- not relate chiefly to Buddhism. The ening power she needed, and she has following from the pen of Count Herworked the school system till, in I91O, mann Keyserling contains a sugges- 98 per cent. of the children of school tion: "The soul of Japan is patriotism age were in attendance upon the -not spiritual religion like India, nor schools. But education has not brought the striving to express the idea of cosrest. She next turned to the military mic harmony in actual life as in China; power, for she must defend her nation- patriotism is the deepest as well as the al life, and won great victories; but one real thing in Japan. Now to this these victories brought debts, heavy reality the Shinto religion corresponds taxation, and still greater unrest. Mor- very much better than either Buddhism al conditions have not improved. The or Christianity, tho they are unquesstruggle for existence is greater than tionably the deeper forms of faith. ever. Yet improvement is going on. Therefore, a wise government could In politics, "an autocratic, irrespon- not possibly do better than encourage sible beaureaucracy which, happily, the Shinto religion whenever the occahas outlived itself, is now tottering sion presents itself; it is the best means toward its fall," and the people will to stimulate what is deepest in the win greater power. In finance, the Japanese. On the other hand, if new government is determined to re- Shinto be indeed the best expression of duce taxation, ease the burdens of the this its traditional form will present people and promote national well-be- itself whenever deep emotions are coning. In industries, attention is being cerned. A curious illustration octurned to the necessity of building upon solid foundations, of observing curred only the other day. The stustrictly the demands of business integ- dents of bacteriology at Tokyo erected rity, of working together for the com- a shrine to the celebrated Dr. Koch. mon good. Factory laws are being I do not think those highly educated enacted, and the laborer protected as men believed for a moment that Koch a valuable unit of society. In military had become a god, but the erecting of affairs, the army and navy are being developed to the highest state of effi- the shrine was the most natural exciency-a necessity so long as condi- pression for them of their reverence tions in the Far East remain as they for a great man. And I feel sure that are-and the military party maintains the fact of their having erected it undue influence because of these condi- reacts on their minds and souls, so that tions. But the one thing for which they now are following in the foot- Japan prays is for continued peace. Her future as a nation depends upon steps of the master (Koch) with a her being able to develop her institu- twofold enthusiasm and energy." tions both at home and in Formosa and Korea, adjust herself to the new Recent events have given great emphasis to Shinto, tho already de- clared by Imperial edict not to be a religion at all, and with this faith

PRESENT SITUATION IN

Christianity may count upon having complex Chinese rates of exchange a sharp contest, as also with the wide- require accountants specially trained in spread agnostic and materialistic spirit them, one might expect to find Chinese of modern Japan. men so employed; but this is a totally Some leading men in Japan have different proposition.

been thinking seriously of late, and one Sweeping statements condemnatory result was the "Three Religions Con- of a whole people are wrong, whether ference" of March 25, 1912, in which the statement has reference to their "the new government has given un- honesty, their social purity, their reli- mistakable evidence of a friendly atti- ability in business contracts or other- tude toward Christianity and a dis- wise. The Japanese are not all honest.

position to emphasize the place of reli- but as a people their standing will gion in society in a broad and liberal compare well in this respect with any spirit. All the forces of her new life other non-Christian people.

should lead her toward the Christian Their social life is far from ideal; faith, and will ultimately do so if those but can Americans afford to boast and responsible for the Christian propa- to institute comparisons unfavorable ganda do their duty toward her." to the Japanese? The women of Japan are as a class as virtuous and as Misconceptions About the Japanese faithful to the marriage relations as To write satisfactorily of the present are the women of any non-Christian situation in Japan is no easy task. No people, and one can not but admire writer or speaker can in a single article their patience, their loyalty to the home or address so outline conditions here as and their fortitude under trials which not to leave incorrect impressions at would severely test the mettle of any some points. Beyond this real diffi- people. culty of correctly representing Japan, because of the complexity of the tran- Nor are the Japanese as a people sition stage through which she- is pass- dishonest, tho there are aggravating ing, there are many false statements cases of violation of contract among made concerning the people-their them. I know business houses all over honesty, their social conditions, their the land which are considered as relibusiness integrity, and the like, which, able as are the best of those of Europe tho repeatedly contradicted by plat- or America, and I know individual form and press, stilI persist. Japanese who are as scrupulously exact in dealing as is any man of any For example, it is repeatedly as- clime or race. There are firms and serted, even by some who have trav- men not so reliable, just as is the case eled in the Far East, that the J.apa- in other countries, but these are not in nese are so dishonest that they are the majority anywhere. compelled to employ Chinese accountants in their banks to insure their One serious fault on the part oE integrity. I have lived in Japan nearly 30 years, have traveled the length and those who would judg-e accurately of breadth of the land, have dealt with the present situation in Japan is the scores of Japanese banks, and I can fact that they do not sufficiently take challenge any man to find a Chinese into account the past history of the employed in any Japanese bank in Ja- Japanese-the effect of heredity. They pan proper. They are not employed have seen first China and then Russia there and have not been. In a /oreig11 humbled by Japan, and they jump to bank brought over to some open port the conclusion that Japanese advanceas a branch from some banking institu- ment in every department of her nation in China in earlier years, or in a tional life parallels that which they think her military glory has demon- strated.

Japanese bank in Formosa, or China, The Christian Forces or Korea, where many Chinese are Christianity has already made great customers and where the exceedingly inroads. The changes leading toward

the Christian goal are everywhere forces with which we have to contend manifest in the present-day Japan, and are vastly greater than is commonly there is much to encourage. Thirty supposed. A recent careful and sysyears have seen immense changes. tematic canvass of the field reveals the Then we had scarcely a church build- following situation:- ing in the land; now I,600 of them. Then very few acknowledged our I missionary to I2S,000 population. Lord; now there are 84,000 Protestant I Japanese preacher to 50,000 popumembers. Then scarce an ordained lation. native minister; now 665. Then the I Japanese worker, all told, to only Sunday-schools were close to the 36,000 population. missionary's home; now there are I Christian worker to 920 popula- I,8so of them. Then the scholars in tion. these schools were largely the pupils I meeting-place to 25,000 populain the few Christian schools; now we tion. have IOO,ooo such children in the At least 40,000,000 of the people Sunday-schools, and when 12,000 of have had as yet not one fair chance to them gathered in one hall in Tokyo know Jesus Christ or to hear of His recently it made an impression that salvation. The wide-spread opinion in has been lasting. Then not a self-sup- America that the work in Japan is porting church in the land; now 174 about done is very largely wrong. We of them, and the church is steadily greatly need help in this battle, espegrowing in power. ciall~)' for the next decade. The posi- tion of Japan in the Far East, the But the task ahead of the Christian entire situation demands mighty prayer worker is increasingly difficult. The and united effort.

BIBLE SCENES AND CUSTOMS IN KOREAN LIFE* BY MRS. W. A. VENABLE HE Bible student in~ them feel that the mISSIOn of the Peninsula people is spiritual rather mT Korea is almost con- than political. stantly reminded of the striking resemblance of Again, Korea is largely a country l Korean scenes and cus- of hins. The view from a mountain- toms to those of Pales- tine with which the top resembles earth waves. The words of the Psalmist, "As the hills are round Bible is so vivid. Perhaps somewhat about Jerusalem, so the Lord is round about them that fear Him," are often to this is due the ready response of the brought to mind, and a walk in the fresh morning air makes the fancy Korean to the Bible message. of "the little hills rejoicing on every side," quite real. 'Korea, like Palestine, A glance at the map shows a simi- has a distinct wet and dry season, and to a less degree, "early and latter larity of natural position between rains." Farming is one of the chief occupations, and the expression from Palestine and the Land of the Morning the first chapter of Isaiah, "As a lodge in a garden of cucumbers," presents a Calm; Palestine, by her geographical vivid picture to the Korean mind. In raising rice and other crops, they alposition. was in the center of that won- ways have a lodge, a rude affair of derful Mediterranian life which yet thrills the student of history; and Korea occupies a like position with reference to the Asiatic powers.

Politically, too, the comparison is very striking. Korean Christians fre- quently refer to this, and many of • From the Missionary Survey.

SCENES AND CUSTOMS IN KOREAN LIFE

four poles supporting a straw mat, for The question of eating meat offered the keeper of the field who from this to idols is a vital one to the new Chris- slight shelter frightens the birds from tian. Here in our own congregation, the grain. After the crop is harvested, new converts have been offered meat this lodge is left to the weather and which had been used as a sacrifice in nothing is more typical of dilapidation. ancestor-worship, and Paul's counsel· The grinding of grain is said to be has been quite pertinent. Concubi- done by the same method as that em- nage is another question which bothers ployed by the women of Palestine. It many a would-be church member.

is common to see the "two women Taking off the shoes as a mark of grinding at a mil1." The well is a respect is a constant practise. Here, familiar part of the setting of Bible too, mourners are hired.

stories. And here, too, it is woven in The father of the home is an abso- with many stories of the people. Wells lute ruler, and Koreans are not 8ur- are usually in common, only a few in prized that Benjamin, as the father of a village, and about them the women 10 sons, and probably nearly 40 years gather bearing their earthen water old, is referred to as a "lad" and sub- jars, and here much of the village gos- ject to his father's wishes.

sip is related. This affords opportu- The Mosaic law of the relatives of nity for telling these thirsty ones of the a murdered man avenging the crime, Water of Life. Jacob does not meet tho an unwritten law here, is practised.

Rachel at a well in Korea, nor men Murder is very uncommon. Here, rarely go to a well when women are too, debt descends from father to son, about. and may cause a whole family to be Salutations in Korea savor of those seized. Slavery also exists.

of the Bible, and the Korean knows Lazarus laid at the rich man's gate that the errand of the seventy was is a familiar sight. Beggars will sit truly urgent when Christ commanded at one's gate or door-step until noticed, them to "Salute no man by the way." all the time crying their distresses in Here it is first in the code of ethics. wailing tones. However, compared You may steal from your neighbor and with Palestine, beggars are few. Le- be respectable; but you must not fail pers are very common in southern to greet him properly. The most com- Korea, tho they do not cry, "Unclean, mon greeting, "Are you in peace?" unclean." reminds us sadly that many are saying. Young women cover their heads and men wear long robes. Women are "Peace, peace, and there is no peace." essentially keepers at home. The Hospitality is extended to anyone, greatest bJessing a woman can know is that of bearing a son. and it is easy for the Korean to understand how unbidden guests were al- These are only some of the resemlowed at feasts of the Bible narratives. blances observed by a comparative The crowd of sightseers is always a newcomer to Korea. There are doubtpart of a Korean feast. less many, many more. Are they not One appreciates the importance of rather interesting? The greatest resemhaving his lamp ready as the Wise blance consists in Korea's attitude Virgins, as, except in the main streets toward the One God, or "Hananeim" of large cities, the lantern is a necessity (One Great One), as contrasted with on dark nie:hts. nations about her. It is not at all uncommon, however, to hear Koreans The custom of bidding guests to a wedding feast after all things are pre- in their public prayers now, ask that pared, is found here. Runners are this people in so many ways like the sent out with a message not unlike the Children of Israel, may not turn away "Come, for all things are now ready," from God. God grant that in this, and should "all with one consent make there may be no possible comparison excuse," the feast would certainly not between the people of Palestine and lack guests. those of Korea.

AFRICAN'S STORY OF THE PRODIGAL

(!JI T is not some stranger (young man) with lots of money to who comes to speak to spend ever lack for friends? But his you this morning the money finished, and the famine came words of God, but only in a line. Then he went to his friends, I, Iso, who for four who had been as many· as mandioc years has been speak- leaves. And what did they say to him ing to you these same when he asked for a little food? Thev words, and who has been teaching you asked him, "Do we know you? Surely from the beginning of Jesus Christ. you must be some stranger, for ycu Listen, then, to your elder brother. speak our language badly." Then he became as thin as my little finger, be- Some of you here are those who try cause in that land there was not any to follow Jesus, but others of you do food. Finany he went to one of their not know Him or His Father, so I have chiefs, like our chief Lonjataka (who a word for all of you. First of all, I was sitting on the platform), and said want you chiefs and elders, you women to him: "I am dying with hunger. and children, sitting here all rubbed Give me some work, that I may not with your "ngola" (red paint) to listen die." So this chief gave him the to the message the only Son of God filthy task of looking after some wild sends to you. So spread wide your pigs which he had tamed, but the pay ears while I read to you from the was so small that he had to eat the Book of God. mandioc peelings which the pigs left.

(Here he read Luke IS:4-24.) Then he grew homesick, and went back to his father. He went back God's Desire for Man ragged and dirty and thin, but his father had not slept in bed since his Many of you think that God has no son had gone away. An day and an desire for people to be saved. But do day he sat in the doorway and watched you not see that your own witch-doctor out the path down which that son had gives medicine only to those who are gone away; then, when the sun set he sick? Because you have not yet wished just stretched himself out there by that to be saved, you are not able to recog- door. So, farther away than anyone nize God's desire for you. Those else could see, the father saw his son Pharisees thought God wanted only coming. and ran to meet him with the good people to be saved, so the wonderful joy. The son tried to tell Lord had to tell them these three par- of his sorrow, but the father shouted ables, so that all people would know to the slaves to bring clothes and rings that He is running over with longing for adorning his son, and to kill quickfor the bad folks to be saved. ly the fatted animals. Then they danced and ate and lau,g-hed and their You were just now at the beach, and stomachs sat down with joy, for the sawall those people baptized. That one who had been dead had been means that the Shepherd of men has awakened. found 160 of His sheep who were lost in the woods. You know nothing Wandering Sheep about heaven, but I know that to-day the angels are leaping and shouting Now, you who steal and fight, you with joy because all these have come who used to kill people, you are that back again to their home. child who wandered away. You were not so bad when you were children. That younger brother started out to You didn't buy medicine of the Bon- kang-a when you were babies, that you do just as his stomach liked. And how might kill other children; but now you about the people of that strange country-were they slow to make friends with him? Mongo! Did a bosekota * Sennon preached by Evangelist Iso Timothy at Monieka, Africa, just after 160 people had heren baptized, August 11, 1912. This sermon was preached during Secretary Corey's visit to Monieka. There was a great audience. which overflowed the large mud and thatch church. Iso spoke in Lon· kunda. and A. F. lIensey translated the message. Reprinted from The Mission",.:! [ntelligencer. do that very thing, so you are the lost If some of you do not watch your sheep. But never forget that God is thoughts, you are going to spoil your searching for you, and that He will hearts in searching for clothes and never forget you. .If you repent, He other things of the white man. These will never say to you, "Go away, you j" are good things, but do not think that nor will He ever remind you of your eternal1ife is hidden away in the white sins. If He were like, people He man's "benkoto." Did you ever see a would remind you of how many people baby born with clothes on ? We shall you killed in the rubber wars, but He go back to God just that naked. forgets as well as forgives.

I know that you think you are all We Are People right just as you are, with your dozens One more message is there in my of wives, with your wicked moonlight heart,and it was taught to me by the dances, and your secret "belenga" with eleventh line of this third division of the witch-doctors. But God tells me the Book of Colossians. You know to remind you that the sheep who wan- that the traders and State officials call der in the forest soon die with the cold us "nyama"-beasts, animals-but our rain if they are not caught quickly missionaries forget the color of our by a leopard, and that the younger skins and tell us that salvation is a brother's friends turned away from matter of the heart. They have taught him when he needed them. Don't us that the Church does not belong to think that you are to'o wicked, for the them, nor to any other man, but to hearts of those who were baptized to- Christ our Lord. day were just like yours, but think only of Jesus, who spreads out His Our Elder from America is with us hands toward you as One who prays, here to-day. When he was in his own and entreats you to give Him your land, Brother Corey heard that we stomachs (hearts), saying, "Come were accepting Jesus Christ, he woncome, come!" dered, and was glad. When some peo- ple said that it was just like throwing Now, so many of you have just be- money in the river to try to make new come Christians, and none of you have people of us, he told them always that been following the Master very long, we were people, just as they were, and so I want all here who are called by that we were part of the one Church. the holy name of Christian to listen while I read them some words from Here in Monieka you are proud be- the Book of Kolosai. cause you belong to the Elinga people, (Here he read Colossians 3: 1-17.) and some of you scorn the Mbole and Take Care the Mkundo and the Bokala and the , Now, a beautiful thing for us to Mbengi. ,Shall the white people call remember about baptism is that it is not only the division line between the us their brothers and sisters in C1'h0ruismt~ world and life, but that it is also the and we despise our own race? 0 resurrection of the spirit. So Jet us really do as the Book says, and stop wa joi O! We are penitent of our terthinking always of the things that are rible sins, and full of zeal for service, low. You young men desire each of but if we divide into classes in this you a wife, and that is a praiseworthy wish. But you have no money to buy Church of the Master, it will never be a wife, ,so your h~athen mothers will a great Church. .

To-morrow we must part from Ejimo Mpela (Mr. Corey), but in the never-ending mercy of our Father, we refuse tobuy you Christian wives, and shall all meet together afterward in will try to get you to accept a heathen heaven, and no one will ask from what woman. Get along without a wife, for tribe or race we came.

in heaven· they will neither buy nor So my last word to you is this: If sell wives, and there will be no· mar- we love God, let us love also onr riages. brethren.

EDITORIALS

A DEPARTMENT OF METHODS ers. who will help to shape the policy of this magazine and to make its work T o have something to say worth more effective at home and abroad. saying is of first importance to Already some of the most effective a speaker, but to know how to say it speakers and writers on missionary so as to produce a desired effect is topics have signified their readiness to almost equally important. To engage serve, and we hope to be able to anin a noble enterprise is a prime re- nounce the full plan next month. quisite to those who would make their lives count for God, but to know how FACTS FOR FUEL to make every effort tell mightily is necessary for success. High ideals Every third person who lives and are desirable, spiritual power is the breathes upon the earth is a Chinese. sine qua. nMt, but practical methods make the progress more sure. Every month in China, 1,000,000 souls pass into eternity. Beginning with the October number of the REVIEW we plan to conduct Ten thousand foreign missionaries a department of Missionary Methods are needed in China, if there is to be for Workers at Home. This will in- one for every 25,000 of the populaclude plans and suggestions for pas- tion. tors, missionary societies, young people's organizations, Sunday-schools, In the United States there is one and laymen. The department will be Gospel worker or evangelist to every conducted by Miss Belle M. Brain, 48 people. author of "Holding the Ropes," etc.- a woman of wide reading and experi- One thousand five hundred and ence. She will search the horizon far fifty-seven of the 2,033 walled cities of and near for ideas and plans that have China have as yet no resident misproved effective and for charts that sionary. Tens of thousands of towns may be useful in awakening interest and villages have no center of Gospel and in achieving other desired results. light. No province is adequately Any of our readers who can contribute worked. useful suggestions to this department will confer a favor by sending them Even after a century's work, out of to Miss Brain, College Hill, Schenec- every I,()()() people 999 have no Bible, tady, New York. even if every copy printed were still in use. The program for the October Department will consist of charts and China is under the hammer and the suggestions that have proved effective devil is an active bidder. in stimulating interest in missionary books, periodicals and leaflets. Plans I can not, I dare not go up to judgwill be given that have introduced ment until I have done the utmost God such literature into Sunday-schools, enables me to do to diffuse his glory societies, and homes. Many a worker to the world.-AsABEL GRANT. will find new joy and power in service with such help from those who have The most pathetic feature of the had wide experience. The editor will condition of the heathen is their igwelcome comments on this department. norance of their need.-RoBERT E. SPEER. A MISSIONARY REVIEW COUNCIL Missions have weight with you just "IN a multitude of counsellors there in proportion as you are interested in is wisdom." Recognizing the God.

truth of this saying, the editors of the The disasters of the world shock REVIEW plan to form a council of us, but the wail of the lost does not leading missionary workers and writ- even disturb the profound slumber of many churches.

Hear this cry of a Hindu woman, "0 God, let no more women be born in India!"

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS JAPAN AND KOREA Japan and her subjects are to re- ceive a different treatment at the Religious Statistics of Japan hands of Americans than is accorded to Europeans. It is quite impossible THE following official statistics of for the Japanese to understand that religious bodies in Japan have what is done in California can be done without the full consent and been published by the Japanese Bu- approval of Washington. reau of Religion: Furthermore, Japan is in a state Christians ……………… . 140,000 of unusual unrest; the late change of Buddhists ……………… . 29,420,000 rulers and an unwonted freedom in Believing Buddhists …….. . 18,910,000 criticism of the Government have Shintoists ……………… . 19,390,000 brought the nation into a very sen- Believing Shintoists ……… . 710,000 sitive situation. In this connection Temples with priests …….. . 72,128 it is of interest to note that at the Temples without priests ….. . 37,417 Continuation Conferences recently held there was practical unanimity in It is especially remarkable that of the view that the force of evangelisthe adherents of Shinto, which is the tic missionaries should be as speedily State religion, so few are Shintoists as possible doubled. by conviction and in fact (that is "believing"), but it is declared to be What Are Japanese Women Like? true, because every official, officer, and teacher, must be a nominal UMEKO TSUDA, the "American- Shintoist, tho he may be a Bud- ized Japanese woman," as she dhist in reality. Of the temples is known in Japan, has come to without priests, large numbers are America on a visit. She is the closed, and many others abandoned president of the Japanese Young as speedily as possible. Women's Christian Association, which she represented at the con- The number of Christians reported ference of the TorId Student Chrisis supposed to include Roman and tian Federation, held lately at Lake Greek Catholics, but the enumeration Mohonk. She is the founder and is incomplete. Baptized Protestants president of a College for Girls in alone number over 80,000, and with Tokyo. Miss Tsuda was one of the adherents must reach about 120,000. first five Japanese girls who were Roman Catholics report 65,000 (in- sent to America in 1851 to obtain cluding children), and Greek Catho- their education, she being only six lics claim 30,000. This would make years old at the time. She received a total nominal Christian popUlation elementary education in Washington, in Japan of over 200,000 men, wom- D. C, and later was graduated from en and children. Bryn Mawr College.

Influence of California on Missions in "I am very sorry that our women are so misunderstood by some Amer- Japan icans," said Miss Tsuda. "To some Americans Japanese women seem to HE injurious effect upon mis- be meek little things without any T sionary work of the recent ex- high ideals. These Americans have citement over the California land a poor opinion of our women because bills is reported by Rev. John L. they met women of the lower order Deering, of the American Baptist and thought that they represented Mission in Japan, who says that the all Japanese women. If Americans engendering of such a spirit of illwill as has been manifest can not be easily removed. This is largely traceable to the extreme sensitiveness of the nation on the question whether

really knew Japan they would have and a congregation of 300. Fortydifferent ideas. Our women are of eight were baptized at one time. strong personality. They do not This is not an unusual incident. talk much, nor do they dress conspicuously, like some of their West- New Lines of Work in Korea ern sisters, but they think more than many of their Western sisters, and T HE work of opening and sustaindress more gracefully." ing preaching places has largely been done by the missionaries; and An Interesting Japanese Tribute so great is it that in many places they can visit the people but twice CHARACTERISTIC Japanese a year. The conviction is growing idiom translated into English that the missionaries should give phraseology makes a peculiarly in- their time more largely to training teresting combination. From Port the native teachers and pastors to Arthur, Manchuria, Rev. A. V. Bryan go out among their own people and sends an especially attractive speci- enter the many open doors. The men of this sort of Japanese-English plan of those most active in this in an essay written by one of his method of work is to teach a class students. of 20 for a month and send them out; while they are out, another "I think the only arm (weapol1) similar class is taught and made of religionists is their kindness (or ready to go on the return of the love). They rush even into savage former. This process is to continue places with that arm, and triumph as long as necessary or possible. everywhere. If they had lost that powerful arm they would have fallen But the very latest phase of work into unfortunate fortune in those of the Christians in Korea is with places. I know many missionaries the heathen children. This began had died in uncivi'ized parts. for sake in the south of Korea, and is rapidly of their faith, but I mean if they extending over the whole country, had lost the kindness in their minds promising very much. Heretofore, they must have died much more." the missionaries have given their at- tention almost exclusively to the The teacher's comment is: "If bringing of the adults into the such a thing does not make a mis- church, and the Sabbath-schools have sionary happy, he ought to be kicked. consisted almost entirely of the chil- What is all the routine and fatigue dren of native Christians. The new compared with such a testimony as movement collects the children of this from a non-Christian?" heathen parents, under the general supervision of the missionaries, but Eager for the Gospel in Korea under the immediate care of the na- tive church. The church sends its THE following incident told the own members among the heathen of writer by the chief actor in it its own city and into the surroundwill show how readily the Koreans ing villages, and opens a school. The receive the Gospel. The missionary Christian members actually go into and his native helper were belated the llOll-Christian homes and lead the one night among the islands, and children of those homes to the school, put ashore for the night. They remaining at the service to assist preached to a chance crowd that and support the teacher. Some gathered to them at the landing, churches are conducting fr0111 six to evening and morning, and left tracts eight of these schools on the Saband a manual showing how to con- bath-of from 60 to 200 members. duct services. In a year the mis- One group of missions added 2,200 sionary returned, and found a con- scholars to its rolls in this manner gregation of I 50 gathered. There is now at that place, three years after, in a year. These children are first a Christian church of 125 members, won, and then their parents.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

. Koreans Goin~ as Missionaries ferellt churches, some of them speak- MORE than 100,000 Koreans have ing three or four times to interested emigrated to Siberia, and the audiences. Important conferences movement thither continues on a were also held with the Korean and constantly increasing scale. Korean with Japanese workers, as well as colporteurs of the Bible Society, with the missionaries and members of seeking to furnish their expatri- the Korean Sunday-school Associaated countrymen with Scriptures, tion.

are imprisoned by Russian police THE CHINESE REPUBUC and their stock of Bibles confiscated. But they persist in preach- Christian Officials in Kwan,tun, T ing in prison, and writing Scripture HOSE who have investigated tell us that 6S per cent. of the prestexts on prison walls for the edification of prisoners to come. Mr. Kim ent officials in the Kwangtung prov- -a successful school teacher, the ince are either members of Christian head of five country schools, which churches, or in such close connecon his conversion became five tion with churches that they call churches as well-crossing into Si- themselves Christians. A district beria on evangelization excursions, magistrate, formerly a preacher, says has lain in Russian jails four differ- that no item of business is transent times for preaching the Word. acted in his yamen on Sunday. He Nevertheless, he has left behind him holds religious services and still in Siberia seven different Korean preaches as opportunity offers. Anchurches, founded through his ef- other man is prefect in the same forts. yamen where, more than a dozen years ago, he had been beaten 500 Sunday.school Commission in Korea blows on account of his connection I N the first part of April, Sunday- with mission work. The commis- school Commission NO.4 visited sioner of education is dean of the Korea. On their arriv:lI the party .Canton Christian College. The pro- split up into divisions, which visited vincial judge is a Christian, the son nearly all of the more accessible of of a preacher. The man in the the mission stations in Korea, and Foreign Bureau, who conducts the after these trips to the interior sta- business with consuls of other coun- tions the members of the commis- tries, was the principal of the high sion gathered in Seoul. school of the Southern Baptist Mis- On the afternoon of the 19th a sion. This list could be extended, great demonstration and parade waf but the above is sufficient to show held by most of the Sunday-schools how strangely different is the pres- of the city in the grounds of the ent from even the near past when, North Palace. Each school, on en- with the exception of a few minor tering the grounds, reported its num· postal agents in the country, you bers to the marshals at the gate, and would scarcely find anywhere a the total reached almost 15,000. The Christian occupying an official posi- many streaming banners and the tion.-The Chinese Recorder.

thousands of men in snowy white A Remarkable Chinese Chri.tian with the women and children in their S parti.colored clothes, made an im- HI KWEI BIAO is one of the great evangelists of the district of pressive sight. Still more impressive was the volume of sound which Chuchau, where he has given the rolled out when the Lord's Prayer strength of his years in the service of was repeated in union and when the Christ. He was baptized by Dr.

hymns were sung. Macklin, of the Foreign Christian On Sunday the members of the Missionary Society,. in Nanking, in commission were assigned to the dif- 1888, at the age of '43, and has done

splendid work, especially during the fest faith in Christ, he petitioned for last five years, first as pastor, later divine help in their distress. God as evangelist at large. During the heard the prayer and the young man's recent revolution and its battles, Shi life was saved.

was used in a remarkable manner for When everything had quieted down.

the preservation of the city of Chu- in the city, Shi went among the sol- diers of the new republic and preached chau. Vhen the first war cloud arose to them with great power and re- markable acceptance. Twenty-three over the land and the people began to flee, Shi persuaded the Christians of these soldiers have been baptized to remain in the city, showing them since. that every place was likely to have danger, and that faith in God would Shi now has charge of the evangelkeep them best on known ground. He istic work in N antullg-chau. He is a also persuaded the newly elected city remarkable, spirit-filled man.

judge to accept the place of president The Roman Catholic Church in China of the local Red Cross Association.

When the rival leaders of the repub- "CATHOLIC MISSIONS", the lican forces in the city were likely to monthly magazine of the society precipitate war within the city and for the Propagation of the Faith, in sacrifice innocent lives, Shi was asked New York, has published a mOst inter- co accompany and aid the missiona- esting Census of the Church in China, ries in an attempt to intervene between I9IO. According to it the following the rivals. "Let us pray," said Shi, orders and Catholic Foreign Mission- before they started, and those three ary Societies are at work in China: words were often on his lips in the next Jesuits (in Chi-Ii and Kaing-Nan), dark days. Often he would lead the Lazarists (in Chi-Ii, Kiang-si, and missionaries on to their knees, and Che-kiang), Franciscans (in Shensi, then he would walk forward with per- Shansi, Shantung, Hupt and Hunan), fect faith. God heard him. Hostili- Augustinians (1ll i 1unan) , Domini- ties ceased temporarily, and finally cans (in Fl1chau and in Amoy), Mi- permanent peace was gained for the lan F. M. S. (in Honon and in Hong- city. All felt that, under God, Shi kong), Paris F.M.S. (in Manchuria, had saved the city from the hands of Kwei-chan, Szechuan. Kienchang.

the spoiler. Yunan, Kwan-Tong, Kwang-Si, and The great Christian has never had Tibet), Scheut Belgian F. M. S. (in a fair education, is frugal in his Mongolia, Sin Kiang, and Kansu), dress, and lives very simply. There- Rome F. M. S. (in Shensi), Steyl fore, the learned and the rich among German-Holland F. M. S. (in Shan- his heathen countrymen have not tung), and Parma F. M. S. (in Ho- taken to him as others do. But in nan).

the days of peril, they forgot all pre- The Roman Catholic Church in judice .against him, when a young man China has 49 bishops, 43 Apostolic of the educated class had been caught Vicariates, 3 Apostolic l:'refectures, in a traitorous act. His friends, who and 2 Dioceses (of Macao and IE).

were the most influential people in The European priests number rA30 the city, tried to help him, but failed. and the Chinese priests 700, so that Then they came to the missionaries the total missionary force is 2, 179.

and to Shi. When they requested The number of Christians in 1910 is them to go before the military author- given at 1,364,618 .and the number of ities, Shi rose and took off his hat. baptisms at 95,382 from 1909-1910.

He had kept it on in the presence of Thus, we are told, there was one Ro- the great men, but now he was first man Catholic priest for every 187,371 going into the presence of his God, Chinese or for every 627 Chinese with bared head. In the presence of Christians, while one out of every 299 the influential men who had never pro- Chinese belonged to the Roman Catha–

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

lic Church. The Catechumens in 1910 map of China-the one mission-sta- were 407,785, the pupils in the 5,262 tion in the empire, Canton, being schools were 93,858, the ecclesiastical easily indicated on the general map students in 64 seminaries were 1,684, of Asia. Then drawing attention to and the churches numbered 6,891. the contrast at the end of these 74 The extent of the benevolent and years, he said that last Sabbath not charitable work of Roman Catholics less than 3,000 congregations of in China becomes apparent from the Cbristian people would be worship- fact that they report 260 Orphan Asy- ing God in Cbina. Mission stations lums, 37 Hospitals, and 90 other Char- and out-stations number about 4,000, itable Institutions. with about 15,000 Chinese helpers, 550 Chinese pastors being set aside Literature for Oriental Women for the work-all these apart from OUR missionaries all over the Orient the missionary staff. Referripg to will welcome the new commis- the province of Chekiang, he showed sions that are to come about as the re- that last year it contained no fewer sult of the action taken at the Inter- than 896 chapels, with 1,400 Chinese denominational Conference of Wom- helpers, and at least 20,000 Christian en's Boards in Philadelphia. The im- communicants.

mediate emergency in China is being Great Demand for the Bible met, to some extent, by the publication of a magazine financed by the CHINA continues to show an ex- Christian Literature Society, and traordinary interest in the Scripedited by Miss Laura M. White, of tures. Writing from Shanghai, Dr. our Nanking Girls' College. The first G. H. Bondfield reports that the isnumber is just off the press. This will sues from the Bible House there for be a union publication, used by all the month of April alone exceeded Christian workers. The college girls and graduates are now at work trans- 317,000 volumes. During the first lating and adapting stories, articles on four months of this year 158,000 teaching and on mothering, and re- more books were issued than during ligious articles. So we are not only the corresponding four months of bringing out a magazine that will be 1912. The increased demand is not of present great usefulness, but we are merely for Gospels, but for Bibles thus training young women who will and Testaments; nearly 5,000 more be the future editors for the great Bibles and 6,600 more Testaments have been called for.

republic. Are we not wise to be first The New Woman in China I in the field with a magazine, which, T is certainly true that the edu- while not neglecting matters of every- cated women of China are making day interest to the hearts of women, a name and a place for themselves, shall furnish only what is wholesome and are working hard to better the and sane, together with Christian condition of woman as a whole. A ethics, clean stories and healthy fun? visitor to that country to-day will Thank God we are in time in China! find Chinese women as the heads of At present this publication will be is- hospitals and in some cases also con- sued only in Mandarin, or easy Wenli, ducting nurses' training-schools. They but this touches IS out of the 18 are principals of large government provinces.-World-'W'ide Missions. or private schools for girls, and many A Strikinlr Contrast of . them are doing excellent work.

A few young women have graduated HOLDING in his hand what he from American colleges, but the ma- believed to be a copy of the first jority of principals and teachers are modern missionary atlas-published the products of mission or govern- in 1839-Mr. Marshall BnlOmhalI, ment schools. The very wealthy, of B.A., remarked that it included no course, have private tutors, and some

of the women most zealous in found· , Famine Feared in China A ing schools for girls have been from NOTHER famine is threatened in China. A cable message from princely families. The ladies in their homes, are also ·Bishop White, in charge of the An- working for reforms, and thousands 'glican Mission' in Honan Province, signed petitions sent to Englitnd pro· says: "The famine is very severe.

testing against the opium trade which •All Honan is involved. Faifong very, that country forces on China. They serious.H It is said to be caused by are forming anti-cigaret leagues and extreme drought. For several years holding meetings, at which some of crops have been poor. Last summer them preside, and speak with great rain failed entirely in Honan. A intelligence and dignity.-Popular missionary writes that starvation is Science Monthly. staring many people in the face.

Activity in South China INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON REV. A. A. FULTON writes from The Stronghold of Hinduism Canton: During the past year I built four churches, with Chinese co- T HE stronghold of Hinduism is operation, and we are building two in the hearts of the women, and more, and plans are laid for begin- till we have Christian mothers we ning work on others as fast as the Chinese can raise funds. Never have can not have a Christian race. The we had such opportunities as at this time. At no time could I leave my effect of Western secular education field in better care and entirely in charge of native forces. I have four is that the majority of men of the strong ordained men in my field, and the work will be placed in their care, higher classes lose the religion their and no foreigner need visit the field during my absence. That has not mothers have taught them, and have been the case heretofore. Again I shall have some strong facts to put nothing to put in its place; and so before the Church as to the fruitfulness of this work. In my field is a are, as Pundita Ramabai says, "withpresbytery composed entirely of Chinese members. . At a recent meeting out God, going down socially and I was only adviser, and they elected their own moderator, appointed com- morally, and becoming very irreligimittees, reported a home missionary ous.H There is an open door for societj organized, to which $500 was work among the low-caste women. paid in last December, and they have Down-trodden and despised, the Gosa sustentation fund of $1,400 in bank. pel message comes to 'them as a blest Two able young preachers were ordained and five young men taken ·hope, and many thousands might be under care of presbytery. The 16 churches reported 624 adults and brought in if we could supply teach- 160 children baptized last year. I began in that field 20 years ago ers.-Life. and Work. ' with four poor shops for chapels and 40 scattered converts. I feel The Blight of Islam that we have not a week to lose, much less a year. The next five H£NDUISM, as I see it to-day (says years will be of supreme importance Rev. N. L. Rockly, in an article in foundation work in China. They in the Mas/em .World .on "Islam in have the highest regardEor America: Oudh"), is. not the Hinduism I met and this is a .big asset. ;25 years, ago, and i.t is not the same .th3.t the next generation of mission- -raries. must face. It is on the' wane. can see for .it only three goals ahead-Infidelity, Mohammedanism, Christianity–.:.and its best votaries' of to·day can ncit yet say among which it will pitch its latest tent. . . . Thus, many, many Hindus are being surely drawn into the Mohammedan net. They themselves may ha:~ly subscribe to any part of the creed, but their children will go fatther, and maybe become engulfed: in its

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rigidity. If they do, they will be fur- The plan contemplates the bUilding •ther away from Christ than they now of a van and fitting it up with beds, are as Hindus. 0, Church of God, table, lockers for clothes, bedding awake to the situation! and provisions-everything required To Work for Low Caste. in an itineratlng tour. The idea has been in practical effect in some other 'THE Cockin Argus brings news of a large conference held at Erna- missions. A careful investigation has culam, the capital of Cochin State, to convinced our missionaries that the concert measures for the uplifting of introduction of the motor car would the Pulayas-a class of low caste greatly increase the efficiency of the people who number in all about 300,- work, promote the health of the mis- -000, and who are known as siaves sionaries and enlarge the sphere of operation.-United Presbyterian. and do the work of slaves in Tra- vancore and Cochin. Over 2,000 What the Bible Did for 'Him A PuIayas attended the conference at N Indian gentleman, holding a responsible position under governwhich was present also a number of Christians, including Europeans, and ment, in the Northern provinces of Hindus of Cochin. A memorial in- Behar, and about to be transferred tended for submis5ion to the Dewan to another district, was recently in- (prime minister) of Cochin, to permit vited by his friends to a farewell them to use the public roads and meeting organized in his honor. In thoroughfares, and to admit their reply to their many eulogies he had children into government schools, was but one thing to say: "If I possess read, and was signed by some 700 any of the virtues my friends attribute Pulayas. It may be observed that, to me, I owe them to Christianity, tho the Pulayas are known as slaves, and especially to the Motihari Bible- their lot has not been so hard as the class." This unexpected tribute, com- expression "slaves" conveys, for a ing from such a source, made a deep good majority of them have always impression on the 80 educated In- been in the service of Christian mas- dians who heard it, and forms a strik- ters, who treat them kindly. ing testimony to the steady growth in A New Step in India Mi••ion Work influence of the Regions Beyond Mis- sion in Behar. ALL our missionaries in India, other than those in school and Motihari, a town of 15,000 inhabimedical work, spend, from three to tants was virgin soil, like the rest of six months a year in itinerating work. The problem of transportation is a the northwest corner of that province, big one. Seven of our districts have when Harley College men entered communities of from 4,000 to 12,000. Think of what it is to superintend it 12 years ago. Not long afterthe work in anyone of these. Think ward, this students' Bible-class began, of what it is to go from one place to and ever since it has attracted an inanother in the terrible heat, in the creasing number of educated young slow-moving, jolting ox-cart. To men, typical of the many in India to- day who find no message in Hinduism, altho still bound by its rigid caste.

break camp and go from one center Bombay Social Service League S to another and set up camp requires OCIAL service and community hygiene have taken hold on India about a day, losing 30 to 40 days in the camping season. The motor also. From the Dnyanodaya} pubwould enable the missionary to reach lished in Bombay, we quote the folthe'most remote out-station in the lowing: cooler hoors of an evening, hold two "The twofold object for which the or more J,$ervices that evening, and Social Service League, Bombay, has the next Inorning, and return before been ,started is: in the first place, to the great 4leat would set in. undertake social and humanitarian

work, including mass education, sani- boys, once pupils of the Sorabji tation and hygiene, social purity School, are now witnessing a glorious work, reIref of distress, and the confession of Christ in spite of loss of propagation of the ideal of social home and friends and in the face of service and universal brotherhood; bitter hatred and opposition. Among and, in the second place, to infuse the girls too are secret believers, but public spirit into our young men by they are too timid yet to make an giving them an opportunity of doing open confession of their faith in humanitarian work of one kind or an- Christ. other under the guidance of experienced workers and thus gradually to Mrs. Sorabji and her two daughtrain them to be serviceable to their ters, who are helping her, are also fellowmen in a useful and efficient conducting three other schools, one manner." for Parsees exclusively, another for Hindus, and a third one for Moham- More than 300 v~lunteers have medans. In them western methods are joined the organizatIOn, each of used with encouraging success. These whom promises to give at least one schools are doing much good intellechour a week to its work. The nature tually, socially, physically, and, above of the work that will be assigned to all, spiritually. In the Parsee schools each volunteer will be determined the children of that proudest and most according to individual inclination inaccessible of the races of India reand aptitude. For the proper distri- ceive instruction in the Bible, recite bution of work the whole corps will verse after verse of Scripture, narbe divided into bands, each band be- rate the Gospel stories, and, with ing in charge of a senior volunteer. reverently bowed heads, whisper the Monthly lectures will be given by ex- Lord's prayer. These children, even perienced workers on the theory and if not converted themselves, will surepractise of social service. ly prove a power for good as they grow up, but if converted, they will The Sorabji School in India make most valuable workers for the Master on account of their racial ABOUT 30 years ago Mrs. Sorabji, capability. the wife of Rev. Sorabji Kharsedyi of the C. M. S. (one of the first An Outcaate'. Prayer three converts to Christianity from Zoroastrianism) founded the Victoria REV. H. WHITEHEAD writes in High School in Poona, India, for the the C. M. S. Review: "An uteducation of the English-speaking terly uneducated man was converted Parsee, Hindu, and Mohammedan the other day, and brought over with children of the upper classes. Its ob- him ISO people. When the Tamil misject was primarily to afford a Chris- sionary went to him he first tried to tian education to those who would get him to learn the Lord's Prayer. otherwise have attended Government It was an utter failure. The man schools from which all religious tried hard, but could not manage it instruction had been eliminated, and at all. He said it would not come. also to draw together the children of Then he asked the old man to say his all those nationalities which make up own prayers in his own way, and what the body politic in India. The school he said was this: 'Oh, our Father, has succeeded beyond all expectation, who art in heaven, You are our and for 30 years has held its place Father, we are Your children. Keep among the foremost of the educa- us well. Heal my rheumatism and my tional institutions in India. But great- child's boil. Keep us from all wild er than the educational have been the animals, the bear and the tiger. Forspiritual results, and many a pupil of give us our sins, our quarrels, angry the sclrool has been brought to Christ. words, all that we did since morning. Mohammedan, Parsee, and Hindu Make us good. Bring all the castes to

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kneel to You and call You Father.' of suitable age are members of the Well now, you might search through church. The number of non-Chris- the whole of our English Prayer-book, tian boys is small. The older boys you might ransack all the liturgies of have taken active part in the religious antiquity, and you would not find a services of the college and the city more simple, touching prayer, one church, attending the latter even dur- that was more appropriate to these ing vacation time. All the teachers poor people, than that simple prayer are Christian men. Biblical instruc- of a man who could not say the Lord's tion is given in every department of Prayer." . the school. A weekly Y. M. C. A.

Converted by a Dream service has been maintained by the boys, and they attend Sunday-school LAST October a whole family- in the city church. father, mother and five children -was admitted into the church by MOSLEM LANDS baptism at a place called Turkalagu- A New Christian College in Turkey demo Of this family the Rev. M. Sadhuvu writes: "It is now 21 years since FORTY years ago, George C. Raythe first people were baptized in that nolds, M.D., was sent to Van, In village. Altho some of his relatives have been baptized in the meantime, extreme eastern Asia Minor, to open this man was a bitter opponent of the a new station. This city, ill the Christian religion and hated to hear heart of ancient Armenia, and close the name of Jesus Christ. About a to the Russian border, has been called year ago he fell very ill and had an the "Sebastopol of the Armenian attack of pleurisy. One night he had Church." There work was started in a dream. He saw a man clothed in the midst of intense opposition, but white standing before him and heard from the first it has made wonderful him say, 'Call the schoolmaster to progress. Twice Dr. Raynolds' life come and pray with you and you will was threatened; once he was left for recover.' He sat up and waited eager- dead by the roadside, bearing a dozen ly for the dawn, and then to the as- wounds, but despite alI this within tonishment of all he begged them to five years a church was organized, call the schoolmaster to come and then came a hospital, a boys' high pray. The master came and prayed school, a girls' high school, and a by the bedside, and from that day the great system of outlying churches sick man began to recover. After and schools, until Van has become that he and his family placed them- one of the great centers of the Amerselves under instruction, and in due ican Board in Turkey. For years time I was privileged to baptize Dr. Raynolds and his associates have them." urged the Board to raise the grade of the high school to that of a col- Progress in Siam and Laos lege, and this the Prudential Com- mittee has recently voted to ·do. An AT Sri-Tamarat the Christians have appropriation from the higher educa- erected a new church, a substan- tional endowment fund of the Board tial brick building, laid with cement was made, conditioned on a certain and plastered inside and out. The sum being raised by individual entire cost of the building was given friends. The project is practically by the Christians, with some help assured, so that we can say now that from the missionaries. One native the Board has added another Chris- Christian business man, the only tian college to the six already exist- member of the congregation having ing in the Turkish Empire, and which considerable means, gave one-third of are bound to become a mighty factor, the cost of the building. not only for the vitalizing of the At the Prince Royal's College, Oriental churches, but for the Chris- Chieng-mai, Laos, nearly all the boys tianizing of large areas of Moham-

medanism.-American Board Quar- the children from visiting the meetterly. ing rooms of the missionaries on Village Work in Turkey Sabbaths and festivals.-Zionist Ga- zette. I N Turkey the village laws of hospi- tality are such that the missionary I Per.ia Values Mission School. receives a warm welcome from the N one year recently, of 220 stuchief or from any householder whom dents in an American high school he chances to meet as he approaches. in Teheran, Persia, 128 were Mo- The leading men of the place also hammedans, about three-fourths of come in after the evening meal, to do them from the nobility, and several honor to the guest and to hear news of them had royal blood in their from the outside world. They will veins. The prime minister of Persia follow almost any lead in the conver- also thanked the head master of the sation, for the guest is treated like a school in the name of the nation for prince. There is a much· greater the work that had been done. "The straightforwardness among them than schools in our mission," said a misamong thecity folk. Theyaremuchneg- sionary at Teheran, "have had more lected, for the Mohammedan system evangelistic results than any other has failed to provide thousandsofthese department of work." It has long villages in Turkey with any schools been a saying among Persian Moor preaching. It is among these village hammedan religious leaders that if people that the cult of Ali, with all anyone takes up Western education, its pagan and mystical elements and even to the extent of learning a with its kinship to Christianity has European language, he becomes an made its greatest progress. These infidel from the Mohammedan point people recognize and honor Moham- of view. med, yet they have a religion quite AFRICA differ~nt from Islam. They believe Another African Church A in incarnation. They have a sacra- LITTLE negro Baptist Church at Wathen, on the Kongo River, esment almost identical with our Lord's Supper. Their faith is a strange blend tablished last year 52 new outposts.

of animism, mysticism, worship of Ali The Church maintains 196 evangel- and ideas taken from Mohammed and ists; 92 of them being supported by Christ. In Turkey and Persia there the congregation and 104 being volun- are probably over 2,000,000 Alevis, tary workers. One out of every ten and yet scarcely any work has been of the 1,995 members is an evangel- done among them. ist. Is there a church in all this land Opposition in Jerusalem of Christian civilization that can match the record of this negro church in the AN influential committee has been midst of heathendom? appointed in Jerusalem to combat the practise of sending Jewish children The Part Played by Mi.sionari.s L to Christian missionary schools. This ORD CROMER has written an introduction to "Down in Darkpractise had assumed such serious proportions, despite the existence of est Africa," recently published by good Jewish schools, that the mem- an English missionary, John H. Har- bers of the Jerusalem branch of the ris. The London Spectator, in re- Palestine Teachers' Union decided to viewing the book, says, among other take energetic steps to counteract it. things: "Missionaries err sometimes, ~any Jewish schools have now de- no doubt, through misdirected zeal clared their willingness to accept a and well-meaning but mistaken preju- certain number of Jewish children at dices, but we must protest, with Lord present attending missionary schools Cromer, against the absurd idea- without payment. Juvenile clubs generally to be found in uninfonned, have also been organized to prevent stupid, or cynical persons-that the

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humane and truly imperial services the catechumen classes are taken up, of missionaries do not enormously and they are so universally attended outweigh the mistakes. Missionaries that practically every boy in Luebo were at one time the chief explorers knows the Catechism. At 2 P.M., an and geog-raphers of Africa, and the evangelistic service is conducted in the greatest of them all, Livingstone, main shed. The daily attendance is could scarcely be matched in any about 400. The rest of the day is sphere of life for high enterprise and mapped out in the same systematic scientific competence." way until 7 P.M., when Luebo joins the world in prayer, and from many WEST AFRICA sides come the songs of many wor- shipers in praise to the one only and A Boy Preacher in Africa true God. On Saturday, at II A.M., the workmen are dismissed for the T HE marvelous possibilities of week. Christian work in Africa are just beginning to be appreciated by the "The regular morning service on Church of God. Dr. William Mor- Sunday averages in attendance 1,000. rison, of the Southern Presbyterian At 3.30 P.M., the Word of God is Church, tells of a community in Africa studied in Sunday-school, and a few where he found a chapel erected by the Sundays ago this school reached 1,227. natives, with a boy twelve years old as The boys meet in two· Covenanter . their teacher and minister. This boy Bands in the afternoon, one going to had attended a Christian mission the village for a lookout service. At school for a brief time, and on being 7 P.M., the natives are again in prayer, taken to his home by his parents, began and at 7.30 the missionaries come toto teach his little companions how to gether for their English service. read by writing in the sand. The men of the village gathered around, and Liquor Traffic Ended stated that they could not allow the boys to learn something that they did SINCE February I, 1913, absolute not know; so the boy became the prohibition of the sale of alcohol teacher of the men. Finally they said to the natives of the Kongo region has to him : "You be our teacher and been enforced. There are heavy penleader and we will erect a chapel for alties attached to the violation of the you so that you can do the work as it is prohibition laws made necessary on acdone by the Christian missionaries." count of the ravages caused by the Thus this young boy was teaching his consumption of trade rum and gin whole village the knowledge of the among the natives. This liquor traffic Gospel as he had learned it. There came principally from Germany and are hundreds of other villages wpere Belgium. Other portions of the Dark the people are just as anxious to know Continent are sadly in need of the the Truth.-The Christian Observer. same prohibition. In the British col- onies of Southern Nigeria, the Gold A Day at Luebo Coast, and Sierra Leone, the importa- tion of spirits rose in the six years, REV. ]. W. ALLEN writes in the from 19Q6-19II, from 4,700,000 gal- Christian Observer: "At 5.30 lons to 6,800,000 gallons. It is a A.M., the morning bell arouses the shameful fact that this destructton of people of the mission, both mission- the African through strong drink is aries and natives to the duties of the caused by citizens of so-called Chrisday. At 6, in the big church shed, and tian nations. throughout about 30 villages, well attended morning prayers are held. Briti.h Weat Africa Then the workmen go to their tasks, the pharmacy opens for treatment of T HE comparative importance of natives, and at 9 the schools for the British West Africa in relatIOn to natives open, continuing till II, when the other dependencies of the Crown is a fact often lost sight of. The

African Mail says the West Africa prayer movement, which arose five dependencies are, in' combination, in- years ago, is under the supervision of comparably the most important of our the Methodist missionaries. The na- tropical and semi-tropical spheres of tive women are said to have wonder- Imperial activity. Their admimstra- ful power in prayer.

tion is the biggest responsibility which the nation has incurred in the govern- From Slave to Schoolmaster A ment of subject races-India, of MONG the Matebele Christians there is perhaps no man better course, excepted. The total area of British West Africa is 444,342 square known or more respected than is miles, just short of being four times Shisho Maya, the pastor and schoolthe area of the United 'Kingdom, with- master of Entabanendi, one of the in 30,000 square miles of the area out-stations of the Hope Fountain covered by the South African Union, district. Shisho was captured in one larger than the Rhodesias, twice the of the wars of the Matebele with the size of the Uganda Protectorate and Mashona people and brought from his East Africa Protectorate respectively. home to become the slave of a Mate- But when we turn to populations, the bele master. As his master wished relative importance of British West him to earn money he allowed him Africa is still more significant. Brit- to come and work at Hope Fountain, . ish West Africa numbers 20,176,635, where he was employed to mind the while the South African Union num- pigs, then in the missionary's house, bers only 5,973,394 (white and colored and later as a wagon-driver. After included), Rhodesia 1,593,676, Ug-an- he had been some time at work his da 2,843,325, East Africa 2,651,8g2. master decided to have him back with In fact, the whole of British Afrjca him, and came to fetch him. He -other than West Africa-consisting pleaded with his master to be allowed of the South African Union, Basuto- to remain with the missionaries, but land, Swaiziland, Bechuanaland, Rho- without avail until some other natives desia, Nyassaland, Uganda, EastAfrica pointed out that, as the lad's heart and Somaliland-only numbers a total was set upon staying, he would be of of 15,043,503 inhabitants against Brit- little use to work in the kraal. The ish West Africa's 20,176,635. British matter ended in his remaining, and he West Africa is also the most densely showed such promise of future usepopulated part of British Africa, the fulness that one of the missionaries, average being 45.4 (in Southern Niger~a the average is 98.4) per square the late Rev. D. Carnegie, took him down to Lovedale, and at the famous mile, against 12.6 in the territones of institution there he was trained, and the South African Union, 12.7 in during that time baptized. Shortly Uganda, 10.2 in East Africa, 3.6 in after his return to Matebeland the re- Rhodesia. bellion broke out, and he stayed in A Praying Queen Bulawayo until it was over. He then T HE native women in the Trans- came back to Hope Fountain, tJ:Iis vaal (says Sunday at Home) have time as teacher. So successful was a prayer union, with 800 members, he in his work and so strong his in- scattered widely over that part of South fluence for good that when it was de- Africa. To the annual conference cided to open a station at Insiza, one dusky delegate went, as a repre- Shisho was the man chosen for the sentative of the Queen of Swaiziland, work. After two years of painstak- making a difficult journey of four ing toil he was recalled to Hope Foun- days in order to attend a series of tain,and was sent to start the impor- prayer meetings. After this woman's tant out-station of Entabanendi, return to the Queen's kraal, the Queen where he has labored since 1909. He gathered some of her women together, is building a strong church there, and and held a prayer meeting. The is doing excellent service both as

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evangelist and teacher.. Shisho mar- Arrangements have been made by ried a Matebele maiden of high birth, the Directors of the Norwegian Mis- after a romantic courtship, during sionary Society, the Paris Evangelical which he had to overcome the oppo- Mission, the Friends' Foreign Mission siti.on of the girl's relatives to the Association, and the London Society umon. to send simultaneous deputations to oOne of Livingstone's Bearers Still Living Madagascar this year in order that, NE of the faithful black fellows in consultation with the missionaries who helped to carry the em- and the leaders of the Malagasy Chrisbalmed body of Livingstone across tian churches, they may devise mea- Africa to the coast, is still alive. This sures for closer and more helpful man's name, given in baptism, is union in service.

Matthew Wellington, and he is still THE OCEAN WORLD living at Freretown, British East Singapore Praying for China Africa. He has been in the public service for 23 years, and has lived HE Malaysia Message says: "We a consistent Christian life. For some T do not recollect ever having seen years he was in the employ of the the Chinese people of Singapore so imperial East Africa company, and deeply interested in anything Christian he had charge of a farm at Mom- as they were over the call from the basa, which received and accommo- Goverment at Peking for prayers to dated rescued slaves. For the last be offered by the Christian churches eight years he has bee~ employed in for the welfare of the Chinese repubthe public works department as a lic." With but a brief period in which supervisor of road work. Old age to give notice, the service held at the has lately necessitated retirement. He cathedral was spendidly attended, and is in full possession of his faculties, a united service held by the Methodists and takes much pleasure in talking and Presbyterians on another day was of his connection with the great mis- crowded. The Chinese consul-general sionary. He is a widower, and has attended both services, and at the lattaken charge of his four grandchil- ter made an address expressing his dren. conviction that dependence upon God must be the foundation upon which The Latest From Madagascar to build a nation. He concluded by THE news from Madagascar tho saying, "The large attendance of this shaded by frequent references to evening proves that we Chinese have the unsatisfactory relations between an increasing faith in Christianity, and the mission and the local French as a result, Christian work in China authorities, is nevertheless full of will receive greater encouragement in cheer. In the Betsileo country, where the future. May God bless China, in former days Christianity made its and may the five-colored flag of the way mainly among Hova settlers and republic be found on the face of the the freed slaves of the Hova people, globe for all time." the Betsileo themselves are beginning to wake up. The difficulties with the New Zealand Missionary· Association T French officials, which have been very HIS year the New Zealand Church Missionary Asociation attains its keenly felt, especially in the country districts, have at least been materially majority. It was founded 21 years lightened. In December the Gover- ago by Dr. Eugene Stock and Rev.

nor-General, after many months of Robert Stewart, and it is signalizing correspondence, decided to legalize the the occasion by a Forward Movement.

Christian Endeavor Societies and the Hitherto it has aimed at supporting United Assemblies of the Churches in the living agents whom it has sent various districts, and thus removed from New Zealand (two C.E.Z.M.S.

one serious cause of irritation. missionaries are supported by this as-

sociation); henceforward it will also and they decided to have a collection try to meet some of the needs of the for the society. They did well; and work abroad, and, therefore, aims just before he left to come home they now at raising money for the support took their second collection, which of native evangelists in India, Africa realized £133 2S. 3d. He thought the and China, and also for the building missionaries had a right to ask why of a New Zealand ward in the hospital things at home were as they were. at Kerman, in Persia, and the upkeep "Why should there, be talk of some of the beds in it. For this t is asking 30 of us being laid aside before we £500 a year extra from New Zealand. feel that our work is done? Is it in us that the fault lies?" Mr. Lawrence Satan Posing … an Angel of Light gave the following sentence from the report of the present governor of "0 NE of the most barefaced and Papua: "It would probably be quite mean proposals which we have safe for a white man to travel unarmed heard for many a day," says the from the Purari Delta to the Gentian Australian Christian Warld, "was boundary, far safer than to walk launched at a public meeting in through some of the cities of Europe the Perth Town Hall in fur- and Australia, and this is largely due therance of the social service work to the efforts of the London Missionof the Salvation Army. The speaker, ary Society." after extolling the work of the Army, suggested that the govern- The Filipino Church ment should open homes for inebriates. The speaker had large interests S IMON IGLORIA, the last man in public houses where the inebriates to be ordained in the Philippine are manufactured, and he generously Islands, heard and accepted the Gossuggested that the public should be pel when he was a constabulary sol~ taxed to take care of the finished arti- dier in 1904. Returning to his home cle which 'the trade' had enriched it- in Lucban, Tayabas, he began to study self to produce. At the meeting of and work for the mission; He has the Alliance on the following even- spent four years in Ellinwood Bible ing the mayor, Mr. J. H. Prowse, re- Seminary. Since he was graduated ferred to this magnanimous suggestion in 19J2, a call came from the Evanin scathing terms as did also the Han. gelistic Association in Hawaii for a Dodd, one of the members of the minister to labor among the Filipino' Government, who pointed out that Jaborers, who have g'one there, to the every trade and profession should be number of 10,000. This was placed taxed to support its own wounded and before him, and was accepted, Mr, disabled. The proper people to pay Igloria sneaks English and Spanish for inebriate homes were the public- excellently and fluently, besides five house keepers and those pecuniarily of the Filipino diatects. His ordinabenefited by the trade." tion took place on February 5, last. He is the first foreign missionary of Papuans Giving to Missions the nascent Filipino Church.

REV. W. N. LAWRENCE, of A Moslem Colporteur in Java Port Moresby, recently said that one of his old Papuan teachers came REV. W. H. WILLIAMS. Bible to him some time ago to ask if it was Society agent at Batavia, has re~ true that the society was in debt, and cently written home: why the people had not been asked to help. His reply was: "I have never "It was a sttan'ge coincidence when felt justified in appealing to you- I landed in Java about a year ago you are so poor, you have so little." and was unfastening my baggage; to- The teacher said: "You ought to have gether with 6 :tasesof 'Scriptures, to done it." He consulted the teachers aa be examined' by the custom house officers, thai:' Arab: next to ine was

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opening several huge boxes of books, where missionaries of the society which, on examination, I noticed were make it possible for every immigrant filled with copies of the 'Koran. As to receive a copy in his own lan- I looked at my stock of Bibles, and guage. Another missionary of the then glanced at the cases filled with society carried over 4,000 volumes to Korans, I wondered which should win, seamen on vessels in the harbor.

the Crescent or the Cross. Should During the quarter, Bibles were this beautiful island remain under the placed by the N ew York Bible So- blighting influence of Islam, or should ciety in every room of the dormi- the Son of God be enthroned in the tories of Columbia, Barnard, Teach- hearts of the people, as their Lord and ers' College, and the New York Uni- King?" versity. When the Christmas baskets News from the South Seas were sent out to the poor, the New York Bible Society furnished over T HA T the days of triumph in the 7,000 volumes, that were placed in Pacific Islands did not end with as many baskets. When the families John G. Paton and James Chalmers who received these baskets opened may be seen from the following letter them, they found not only material of Rev. Philip Delaporte of Nauru, food for the body, but a Book to Marshall Islands: give mental and spirilual food.

. "God's richest blessings have ap- parently sealed our labors on Nauru. The American Bible Work Thirteen years ago we were glad to DURING the year 1912 there was an have 50 people come to our services; increase of 358,409 in the circuto-day we count often 1,100 on a Sab- lation of the Scriptures by the Amerbath morning. Not a single person ican Bible Society. The total for the could then read or write; in fact the year ending December 31, 1912, was Nauru language had not yet been put 4.049,610 volumes, bringing the total into writing. To-day not a man or issues of the society in the 97 years woman, under 40 years of age, unable to read can be found on the Is- of its existence to 98,268,715 volumes. land. They have now a Nauru trans- Many will be astonished to leam lation of the New Testament and Psalms besides a hvmn book and a the number of families found without number of school bO'oks. One of the Bibles in America-in the Northwestfinest church buildings in Micronesia ern Agency, 14,480 families; in the has been put up at a cost of nearly Western Agency, 8,223 families; in $4,000, nearly $3,000 of which was the Southwestern Agency, 24,037 contributed by the natives themselves." homes. This is a mere fragment of the whole story, but shows the neces- sity of this vital Home Missionary AMERICA work. Four hundred and twenty- eight persons were occupied in the Bible Distribution in New York City service of the society in this home AT a recent quarterly meeting of distribution of the Scriptures, in ad- the managers of the New York dition to those employed by the Aux- Bible Society, annonncement was iliary Societies.

made that more than 91,000 volumes Wars, revolutions, and tumults in of Scriptures had been distributed foreign lands did not prevent an in- during the last three months by the creased circulation of the Scriptures.

society. This distribution was in 36 In China alone 1,368,189 copies were languages, and is the largest distribu- pnt in circulation. Eight hundred and tion of Scriptures ever made in the ten persons were occupied in this work same length of time in the city and in foreign lands, making a total both harbor of New York. More than at home and abroad of I,238 workers 25,000 volumes were furnished to im- in the service of this society, of which migrants landing at Ellis Island, 002 were paid colporteurs, the others

being what are termed correspon- the Labor Temple in New York City, dents. in the establishment of Labor Sun- day and in other efforts to help the The total receipts of the society for Church and the workingman to uncurrent work were $6or,966-49 and derstand each other, is well known to the total expenditures $757,942.75. readers of the MISSIONARY REVIEW.

The United Missionary Campaign Bisbop Brent on Immigration T HE central committee of the BISHOP BRENT, of the Philip- United Missionary Campaign is pines, recently came from Europe making extensive plans for the cam- to this country in the steerage of the paign of next winter, which is ex- Cunarder Caronia. There were over pected to include 2,500 missionary con- 1,400 in the steerage-Britons, Scanferences and to be followed in March dinavians, and others largely from by a simultaneous every-member can- the north of Europe. On arriving, vass of practically all the evangelical the Bishop declared that he had endenominations of the country. At joyed the trip as much as any he had the last meeting of the committee, the ever taken. "If the people with whom decision of the Protestant Episcopal I had personal contact," says he, in Church not to participate was an- writing to The Outlook} "are typical nounced, and in consequence Bishop of those who have been coming here A. S. Lloyd, president of the Protest- recently, the country has no' cause for ant Episcopal Mission Board, who apprehension." This, of course, aphad been elected chairman of the cen- plies to immigrants from northern Eutral committee, offered his resIgna- rope. With those from southern Eution. Dr. Arthur J. Brown, secretary rope the Bishop feels that we have a of the Presbyterian Foreign Board, very serious problem. The loutish was elected in his stead and accepted and filthy personal habits of many of the office. George Innes, the secre- these immigrants, he asserts, and their tary loaned to the campaign by the seeming lack of intelligence, are mat- United Presbyterians, reported the ad- ters for our Government's consideraherence to the plan of 16 denomina- tion and action. Certainly the probtions in the United States and Canada, lem is, as Dr. Brent adds, quite as which number 15,000,000 communi- grave as that of the Japanese immicants in 200,000 congregations. gration question. The Japanese are far beyond these southern European Mr. Stelzle', New Field immigrants, he believes, both in viril- ity and decency.-The Outlook. THE Rev. Charles Stelzle has re- signed as superintendent of the Dr. Stearns and Missions Bureau of Social Service of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, and T HE gifts to Home and Foreign will become a "consulting sociologist" Missions sent through Dr. D. M. for national church organizations, so- Stearns, of Germantown, during the cial service agencies and industrial past year have amounted to $56,781.36. enterprises. This probably is the During the past 24 years the amount pioneer effort in this direction, espe- thus given has been $677,633.12. cially in regard to religious organiza- Well may we say: "This is the Lord's tions. doings; it is marvelous in our eyes" (Psalm lI8: 23). This missionary Mr. Stelzle, formerly a machinist, service has been in spite of the fact became a preacher after 12 years' ex- that Dr. Stearns himself was laid aside perience in the shop, for the purpose of trying to break down the antag- by illness for II weeks last year. Over onism .existing between the workingmen and the Church. He organized one-fourth of the amount given has the Department of Church and Lahar come from Dr. Stearns' own congrefor the Presbyterians. His work in gation-which is neither large nor

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

wealthy. Among the missions assisted have a1l left the station and come into are: The School for the Blind, ) eru- town, fearing they may be taken from salem; The Arabian Mission; The ' their homes by these terrible Oroquis- Mildway Mission to Jews; Missions tas. We have not let our girls go out in Armenia; Presbyterian Mission, for anything for several days, save to Urumia, Persia; Woman's Union Mis- go to church.

sionary Society; Pierson Memorial "I am afraid of some of the feder- Bible School, Korea; China Inland als, too. Some days ago a group Mission; Ramabai's Mission, India; passed our girls on our way to church Mission to Lepers in India and the and said: 'We must go to Colegio East; South Africa General Mission; Morelos next to get girls, for they are Christ's Mission, New York; Central very pretty, etc., etc.' Unless some American Mission, etc. strict discipline is put over these ir- Canadian Presbyterian Meeting regulars we will have trouble with them." A MEETING of very unusual lll- terest was held by the Presby- T Inquirers in Brazil terians in Toronto during the first HE Gospel is taking hold of the week in June. Through the gener- people in Brazil. That is evi- osity of ten men who had seen the denced by the numerous inquirers who value of such a gathering, ',it was come to the home of the missionaries planned to bring together fro~ all and ask them to help them out of parts of the Dominion, with all ex- their doubts and difficulties and make penses paid, every minister-active or plain to them the Way of Life. Among retired-missionary, professor, boarel the inquirers who recently came to the secretary, foreign missionary on fur- home of a Methodist missionary was lough, with their wives, and a layman a prominent professor of one of the from every field for a Pre-Assembly government schools in the city. An- Missionary Conference. Special em- other was a young priest who was phasis was laid upon the spiritual side graduated from the Theological De- of the meeting which is sure to have partment of the University of Coim- large results. bra seven years ago. During his stu- dies he began to see that in many re- Evil Conditions in Mexico spects the Church of Rome is not in S OM'E idea of the condition of af- line with the Bible, The more he read fairs in Mexico can be gained the Bible, the more his doubts in- from the following extract of a letter creased, especially when he became from one of the missionaries in Aguas aware of the immoral lives of the Calientes: vast majority of the priests. Finally "Aguas Calientes has not been in he fell himself, and, condemned by hIS such bad condition as now since I own conscience, he had no peace and have known it. Four hundred of could not find it in his Church. – One Careveo's men are here living in cars Sunday morning, when he felt espe- at the station. They are doing as they cially miserable, he decided to go to please. An awful looking set of men, the Methodist Church and seek help They drink and shoot and insult wo- there. T,he preacher's subject was men on the street and it is said that spiritual blindness as illustrated by they have succeeded in carrying to the Israelites and their leaders at the their quarters by force a number of beginning of Isaiah's prophecy and girls. Our day pupils, girls between the remedy. Deeply moved, the priest 12 and 16, were insulted and chased sought the preacher after the service en route to their homes and to school and talked with him for two hours in such a way that many of them about the difference in the faith of the did not come to school Friday. Protestant and Roman Churches. Then "vVe hear every day of many sim- they knelt in prayer, and humbly and ilar cases, The women, Mexicans, with tears the priest told God that

he was In the dark and asked for "Christ, the Master Teacher;" "Trilight. umphs of the Bible;" "The Sabbath- school as an Educational Force;" "A His struggles have been long and World-wide Vision of Sabbath-school hard. He has fully resolved to leave Work;" "Pestaiozzi, the Educator;" the Roman Church, surrendering his Zwingli, the Reformer" (two adcredentials and explaining that he has dres~es, one in German and one in become a Protestant, but he does not English, with a walk from the convenyet know what his future will be. He tion hall to Zwingli's monument, and desires to learn English that he may placing thereon a wreath with approstudy the rich English Christian liter- priate exercises); "The Menace of ature and to become a missionary Mohammedan Problem;" "The Sabeither to the Portuguese in the United bath-school of Four Centuries;" "The States or to the Portuguese colonies Open Door in China;" "The Opporin Africa or to the inhabitants of Por- tunities of Adolescence;" "The Onetugal itself. Thus the Spirit is using ness of Believers;" "The Sabbaththe preached Word in Brazil, as else- school and Missions;" "How to Hold where. the Young People in the Sabbath- school ;" "The Sabbath-school and EUROPE National Life;" "Our Source of Power;" "Sabbath-school Achieve- The Cause of Medical Missions ments in Missionary Fields."

THE remarkable headway made by A "Waste Paper Saving" Scheme medical missions in the cause of Christ, was described by the chair- O N behalf of the London Hospital, man, Dr. Wm. Gauld, at the recent the Daily Chronicle is carrying annual meeting of the Medical Mis- out a schem-e for collecting waste sionary Association. A few figures paper and cardboard-old newspapers, contrasting 50 years ago with to-day, circulars, and other debris, and disgreatly emphasized this. Whereas then posing of the waste for the benent at there were only 30 medical mission- the hospital. Sacks are provided and aries, there are now about 11,000 in collection will be made by vans within all parts of the world following in the an eight-mile radius of Charing Cross footsteps of the Master-healing the -friends outside the radius forwardsick and preaching the Gospel. The ing their full sacks by rail, carriage report presented by Dr. James L. Max- forward. The Chronicle remarks: well contained the following state- "The scheme will afford many a ready ment : "For the first time in the his- means of getting rid of old papers, tory of the association we are able to and at the same time friends will have speak of the training home being per- the satisfaction of knowing that they fectly full. 111e have 18 rooms for have clone something for a great hospistudents, and they have been occupied tal." since the end of last year. Ve had the largest entry of first year's men The Infidel Converted we have ever had . . . If this standard is kept up, and as the course is FEW men have been honored and one of five years, this would give us praised as the Swedish poet at the end of four years, the housing Strinclberg, who died in Stockholm of about 28 men. a short time ago. He was, alas, a leader of modern anti-christian AWorld's Sunday-school Convention thought, for he had declared war MONG the topics considered at against Christianity and against al- the World's Sunday-school Con- most all ideas and fundamental prinvention in Zurich. Switzerland, July ciples of society. He railed frequently 9 to 15, are the following: "The Sab- against the Bible and was a rationalbath-school and the Great Commis- ist and an infidel. sion;" "The Sabbath-school and the Christian COJ1(J1H'st of the iforlcl;" The H('rlincr Tap:ch/att, a German

11)13/ WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

daily which is recognized as being ascertained that of the adults who are under Jewish influence and which can addicted to drink, 90 per cent. con- not be accused of being friendly to- tractecI the habit when they were at ward the Bible and religion, thus told school. Out of 18,134 schoolboys in the story of the last hours of this the Moscow province from the ages famous poet: "It was Monday even- of eight to thirteen years, 12,152 (or ing, about 9 o'clock, when Strind- 66 per cellt. ) have taken to drink; berg regained full consciousness. He and Ollt of IO,404 girls of the same took hold of the Bible which had been ages, 4,733 (or 45 per cent.) also at his side all the time (since he take intoxicating liquor too freely.

became sick), and said with an au- Such an appalling state of things is dible voice, 'I am through with life, a grave reflection upon the religious the account has been closed, and this teachers of the "Orthodox" Church.

(pointing to the Bible) alone is We may well be thankful for the truth.' After that he did not speak Bands of Hope in our own land again, but smiling during the few which are doing such splendid work remaining moments of consciousness, in guarding our little ones from the he pointed out that he wanted the insidious snare of the strong-drink Bible placed upon his breast when habit.

life was extinct." Dangers of Mormonism Thus, the poet, leader of infidelity JT is said that the Swedish govern- and opponent of Christianity during ment proposes to set apart 10,000 his life, died with a testimony to the kroner to warn the Swedish people by truth of the Word of God upon his lectures and literature against danger- lips. "0, the depth of the riches, ous and dishonest Mormon propa.

both of the wisdom and knowledge of ganda; and that the Norwegian gov- God I how unsearchable are His ernment is to appropriate 8,000 kro- judgments, and His ways past finding ner for the same purpose. Mormons.

out I" who are American citizens are being "T The Bible in Russia expelled fr0111 the former country.

HERE is no country in Europe It is no wonder that such steps are where there is such a hunger taken against Mormonism when the and thirst after the Word of God as real nature of this religion and sys- in Russia." Such are the striking tem becomes more apparent. We, on words of Rev. John D. Kilburn in a this side of the water, on whose terri- recent letter. He goes on to say tory and in whose nation this evil that he has known poor peasants institution is firmly planted, are travel for nine or ten miles, and give guilty of dangerous apathy.

the last kopeck they possest to get MISCELLANEOUS a Gospel. It is, as he also remarks, a sad fact that this desire is not Spreading the Word of God so widespread as it was; but still the remarkable hunger remains in large DURING this century, the British measure. The Government is in and Foreign Bible Society has some regions helping forward the work of supplying the people with sent 71,488,000 copies of the Scripthe Scriptures, by allowing packages tures into the world. More than 90 to pass over the railways free of per cent. of these books were sold, charge, and by granting free passes tho generally under cost price. It to the colporteurs. has expended during the same twelve years about $15,000,000, while it has received as income, induding returns from sales, about $14,500,000. To Child.Drunkards in Russia meet the difference, an accumulated THE British Consul in Moscow bas reserve fund has been used, and thus reported that the Town Council expansion has been possible. In the recently made an inquiry _into the past twelve years, which are one- causes of <lrunkenness; and it was ninth of the society's existence, it has

sent out nearly one-third of its entire gifts t.o Wooster University of Ohio, issues. Versions in 86 fresh lan- of whIch he was the chief benefactor. guages have been published. These He made a tour of the world a fe~ include 69 for the use of missions years ago, erected a hospital in Korea· promoted by British or American so- and gave other benefactions. We need cieties, IO for German missions, 3 l1lore Christian laymen of like calibre. for French, 3 for Scandinavian, and 1 for Dutch missions.- Among the 69 Henry Wright Duta of Uganda new versions published for British or American societies, 25 were for T HE church in Uganda has suffered Episcopalians, 12 for Presbyterians, a heavy bereavement in the death 5 for Congregationalists, 4 for Bap- of the Rev. Henry Wright Duta, one tists, 3 for Methodists, and 20 for of the converts and one of the most more general use. The British and prominent leaders in the Church. In Foreign Bible Society has never yet November, 1880, he and another lad refused to publish a duly authenticated were seized and bound and taken off version of the Scriptures in a new to an island because they refused to tongue. It has never yet refused to go to the Mohammedan prayers and print such editions of the Scriptures said that the religion of Jesus was the as missionaries have declared to be only true religion. On Easter Day, necessary for carrying on their work. 1882, he was baptized, after which he . But it has never before had to face returned with Hannington's party in such immense and imperious new de- the summer of 1882, and shared the mands as are knocking at its doors severe persecutions which the Church to-day. In the year 1900, the society suffered at the beginning of Mwanga's sent out 4,914,000 copies of the reign. His was the first of three Scriptures, but in the year 191 I it names which were subscribed on a letter addrest to the Committee in sent out 7,394,000 copies. May, 1887, while the persecutions con- Truly, the work of the Bible So- tinued, in which the words occurred; "Mr. Ashe has told you how we are ciety is of enormous, yea, incalculable, hunted, and burned in the fire, and value to all nfission work throughout beheaded, and called sorcerers, for the earth. the name of Jesus our Lord. And do you thank God who has granted to us OBITUARY NOTES to suffer here at this time for the Gospel of Christ." Louis H. Severance of New York He was one of the first band of six ON June 25th, one of the leading whom Bishop Tucker set apart as Presbyterian layman died sud- lay evangelists in 1891 during his first brief visit to Uganda, and one of the denly in Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. Sever- first to b~ consecrated to the ministry. ance was Vice-President of the Stand- He has mdeed fought under Christ's ard Oil Company and a large giver to banner, as he promised to do 31 years missionary and educational interests. ago and has continued Christ's faith- ful soldier and servant to his life's Mr. Severance was over 70 years of end. age but was active and capable. He was a member and elder in Woodland o Dr. W. B. Boggs of India Avenue Church, Cleveland, but in re- NE of the most efficient and best cent years he resided in New York known American Baptist mis- City. Having abandoned the business sionaries in India has recently passed connections with the Standard Oil away in the midst of his work. Dr. Company whereby he had accumu- Boggs went to India in 1878 and had lated his fortune, Mr. Severance de- thus labored there for 35 years. He voted practic::l1ly his entire time to was stationed at Ramapatnam, South the business of his church's Boards of India. Foreign Missions and of College aid.

In the past year his gifts to Presby- terian colleges through the College Board totaled $190,000, not including AND MISSION LANDS HANDBOOK OF MODERN JAPAN. By Ernest tinental languages are mentioned. W. Clement. Revised and enlarged. American students will find many 8ur- 8 vo., 436 pp. Map and illustrations. prizing omissions (such as books by $1.40 net. A. G. McClurg & Co., Chi- Drs. Watson, Gordon, Pierson, and cago, Ill. Matt) and there are a few unfortu- This is without doubt the best, nate errors (as when "Christus Rcmost comprehensive and up-to-date demptor," by Mrs. Helen Barrett handbook of modern Japan. Its pop- Montgomery, is entered as by Bishop ularity is attested by the eight edi- Montgomery), and some volumes of tions through which it has already little general importance are included passed. It was first published ten apparently because· they refer to deyears ago and the present, ninth, edi- nominational work in special fields (for tion is revised and has additional example: S. P. G. Mission work in chapters on the Russo-Japanese war Guiana, L. M. S. New Guiana Misand on Greater Japan. Mr. Clement sion, For Christ in Fuhkien-C. M. describes briefly the country and peo- S., etc.). ple, their traits and customs, industries and commerce, history and prog- Dr. Weitbrecht's bibliography will, ress, government and laws, language however, be very useful to students and literature, education and art, re- and the descriptive notes are most ligions and missions. The volume is helpful in determining the character and relative value of the volumes.

packed full of reliable information.

HlNDUISM-ANCIENT AND MODERN. By].

A BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR MISSIONARY STUDENTS. A. Sharrock. 12mo, 237 pp. 26. 6d. net.

Edited by B. A. Weitbrecht, Ph.D., S. P. G., London, 1913.

D.D. Paper cover. Published for The special feature of this study Board of Study for Preparation of Mis- of Hinduism is that it is viewed in sionaries, by Oliphant, Anderson and the Light of the Incarnation. The Ferrier, London, 1913. author has endeavored to throw light This is a carefully selected list of on both religions for Hindus and books on missions, phonetics, lan- Christians. Mr. Sharrock, who has guages, religions, geography, and an- been a missionary in India for over thropology education and hygiene, 30 years, sees not only the polytheism prepared with notes under the di- of the Vedas and the beautiful philos- rection of the secretary of the British ophy of the Upanishads, but also Board of Study for Preparation of the hideous vices of Hinduism. A Missionaries. Many sub-topics are study of this volume shows how pos- the work of specialists, and the work sible it is for different students to is well done. gain entirely distinct and opposing The list is not for the general pub- views of the religions of India. Mr.

lic, nor for workers at home, but is Sharrock's description and interpretafor student volunteers. It is, there- tion are clear and illuminating. He fore, not as complete as that published also gives a very strong presentation in the Edinburgh Conference report. of Christianity and its message to In- More attention is also given to dia. Students of comparative religion British publications than to American and missionaries to India can not do books of equal value-as this list is better than to read thoughtfully and particularly published for British stu- carefully this brief bl.ltcomprehensive dents. Very few volumes in con- handbook. – SPJRlTUAL CULTURE AND SOCIAL SERVlCL pd of Jes,us Christ. The first exposes By Charles S. MacFarland. Second l:<.dition. 222 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming the teachl11gs of Pastor' Russell, and H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. the second deals with the revival of Romanism. Dr. Haldeman never hesi- A soul-stirring and bravely written tates to speak out forcefully in his book, advocating a line of spiritual development which must alike benefit antagonism to anything that he rehumanity and the Church of Christ. gards as error in faith or practise. The author deplores the false culture so prevalent in our day which re- NEW BOOKS moves us from the world, divides humanity into selective groups, and DLGEST OF ANGLO-MOHA2'.IMEDAN LAW. By widens the gulf between men. "We Sir Roland Knyvet Wilson, Bart., M.A., are the marvel of the world in build- LL.M. Fourth edition. Thacker & Co., ing up a nation out of all the peoples London and Calcutta, 1913. of the earth. But do we not regard and use these peoples as the builders A TURKISH WOMAN'S EUROPEAN IMPRESof our highways and tillers of our ground, rather than weaker children SIONS. By Zeynel Hououm. Edited by of God to be helped and uplifted by their strdnger brothers?" We can Grace Ellison. 3s. 6d., or 5s. Seeley not say "Our Father," unless we regard every human being as our Service & Co., London, 1913. ' brother. Do we speak of the "class" of people in our church, and the KURDS AND CHRISTIANS. Edited by the class we want there? "We have no Rev. F, N. Heazell and Mrs. Margoright to interpret our individual life upward, and then interpret our liouth. 16mo, 239 pp. Wells Gardner, brothers' lives downward. . . . Elec- Darton & Co., London, 1913. tion of any kind is ultimate atheism. You are God's child; so, then, is the MOHAMMEDANISM: TBE SOURCES FROM humblest servant in your house." This WHICB IT SPRANG, THE IDEALS WInCH is a work of profound thought and fearless expression, which points the IT TEACBES, AND TBE RESULTS WHICH way to a broader and nobler social IT HAS ATTAINED. By the Rev. Raymond service in developing a higher type of spiritual life. P: Dougherty. 33 pp. Albert Academy CHILDREN AT PLAY IN MANY LANDS. By Press, Freetown, Sierra Leone, 1912. Katherine Stanley Hall. Illustrated. 8vo. 104 pp. 75c., net. Missionary Edu- THE PASSING OF THE TURKISH EMPIRE IN cation Movement, 1912. EUROPE. By Captain R. Granville Baker. These novel and attractive games will provide novelty and instruction to 12mo, 335 pp. Seeley, Service & Co., children in the home, the Sundayschool and mission bands. They will London, 1913. also make more real the lives of "other bemA AND THE INDIANS. By Edward F. boys and girls," and will increase sympathy with those of foreign lands. Elwin. 352 pp. lOs., 6d., net. Murray, "MILLENNIAL DAWNISM." By 1. M. Halde- London, 1913. man, D.D. THE SOUL OF INDIA: An Introduction to TBE SCARLET WOMAN. By J. M. Halde- man, D.D. lOc. Charles C. Cook, New the Study of Hinduism in Its Historical York, 1912. Setting and Development and in Its These pamphlets deal with movements antagonistic to the simple Gos- Internal and Historical Relations to Christianity. By G. Howells. 623 pp.

55., /tef. James Clarke & Co. London 1913. "

AN HEROIC BISHOP: TBE LIFE-STORY OF FRENCH OF LAHORE. By Eugene Stock. 128 pp. 2s., net. Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1913. THE LI~E OF A SOUTH AFRICAN TRIBE. By Henn A. Junod. Vol. 1. The Social Life; Vol. II. The Psychic Liie. ISs.

each vol. Published at N euchatel and by Macmillan, London, 1913.

KONGOLANV: A Book for Young People.

By Kenred Smith. Introduction by Sir Harry J ohnsoll. 2s., 6d., net. Carey Press, London, 1913. TilE THREE RELIGIONS OF CHINA. By the Rev. W. E. Soothill. 324 pp. 6s., net. Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1913.

THE HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN CHINA. By S. R. Pelerman. 95 pp. 25., net. Mazin, London, 1913.

ABORIGINES OF SOUTH AMERICA. By the Late Colonel G. E. Church. Edited by Sir Clements Markham. 314 pp. lOs.

6d., net. Chapman and Hall, London 1913. '

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1912

THE MISSIONARIES SEE IN INDIA, BURMA AND

1. A native primary school in India. 9. A Burmese Christian and ·her discarded idol. 2. The "gold dust" twins in India. 10. Burmese girls in a Buddhist temple. 11. A Beluchistan hut and family. 3. Indian women in their cart. 12. A Y. M. C. A. preaching band on tOllr. 4. Carving on a pagoda in Rangoon, Burma. 13. A missionary ready for a tour. 5. Some lepers in India. 6. A Hindu temple and sacred tank. 14. Indian women grinding at the mill. 7. Mohammedans at prayer. Delhi festival. 15. A Moslem minaret in Delhi. 8. A somasi in India. 16. Naga women from Patkoi RiIls, Assam.

Missionary

® of the World ~ VOL. XXXV. No.4. APRIL, 1912 VOL. XXV. No. "I. Old Series N,w S"ies Signs of the· Times THE MARCH OF EVENTS IN CHINA been tortured and one British mis- VENTS follow each sionary, Rev. F. Day, of the S. P. G., stationed at Yungching Hsien, was IDE other thick and fast in killed by the rioters. As a rule, how- the new Republic of ever, missionaries, schools, chapels China, so that one can and foreign property generally have scarcely realize that thus far been protected. There is cablegrams in the daily still danger of the unrest and dispress refer to this conservative empire. order that usually follow in the wake which a few months ago seemed still of great popular uprisings against esin the sleep of the middle ages. Fol- tablished authorities. The taste of lowing the general revolution and the power often unbalances judgment and proclamation of the Republic, with lets loose the reins of passion. the election of Dr. Sun Yat Sen as Provisional President, came the con- THE FUTURE LEADERS OF CHINA ferences with Yuan Shi Kai, the ab- HUMANLY speaking, the hopeful dication of the Emperor, with the sign of the times in China is pensioning of the Manchu dynasty. seen in the character of the leaders Then followed the acceptance of the who are working to reorganize the presidency by Yuan, thus uniting the nation. Under God, in their ideals divided Chinese patriots. The Man- and integrity rest the hopes for chu troops, seeing their service at an bringing order out of chaos and for end, mutinied and began to plunder the establishment in China of the and murder. They looted Peking greatest nation on the face of the and destroyed property worth $rs,- earth-a people, one-fourth of the 000,000, so that it has been neces- earth's population, with an ancient sary to call in foreign troops. civilization, conservative yet now Disorders have also been rife in aggressive, strong and stable, but now Tientsin, Tungchow, Paotingfu and active in adopting the best ideals that other cities. Some Christians have the world can furnish .

• The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW. but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, or positions taken by contributors to signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS. Some of these leaders have already elined to talk until he mentioned the been mentioned. Dr. Sun Yat Sen, annual sacrifice at the Temple of when provisional president, voted Heaven, and asked how that would against the indiscriminate killing of be carried on." Then his eyes shone Manchus, on the ground that while and he spoke slowly: "All sacrifices it was according to Chinese custom, will probably be stopt. The religion it was against Christian morality, and of the people will be Confucianism. said he: "I am a Christian." When But Jesus is better than Confucius, he asked how many Christians were and I am strongly in favor of more in the room (says Bishop Brent), missionaries coming to China to teach three-fourths of the men declared Christianity. We shall do all we can themselves to be followers of Christ. to assist missionaries, and the more Such are the men who have their we get to come to China the greater hands on the wheel of the Chinese will the Republican Government be ship of state. Dr. Sun is said to have pleased." remarked, "Our great hope for China is in the Bible and education." When Wang Chung Wei, the Attorneyhe was attacked in London by Chi- General of the Chinese Republic, is nese officials, he was on his way to said to be a Christian. He is a gradua service in St. Martin's Church. ate of the law department of Tientsin University. He took the degree of Yuan Shi Kai, while not a profest LL.B. at the University of California, Christian, has always been friendly to and doctor of civil laws from Yale the missionaries and their work. He in 1905. He lived and studied in is regarded as the ablest man in America and Germany for fifteen China. He organized the first mod- years. ern Chinese army, and was the only viceroy able to protect the foreigners Chen Ching Tao was graduated in his province at the time of the with the degree of Ph.D. from Yale Boxer rebellion. He was also the in 1905. He is an authority on pofirst to substitute modern text-books litical economy, and was at the head for Confucian classics in the schools, of a commission sent to Europe to and inaugurated the custom of send- investigate the currency system. He ing Chinese young men abroad to is liberal-minded, but not a Christian study. Yuan's own children were so far as is known. educated by Mrs. Evans, an English missionary, and four of his sons are Chinese students in America bepupils in the mission college at Tient- lieve that in the Republic Church and sin. One wing of the college Yuan State will be separated, and full built at his own expense. liberty of belief and worship will be granted to all. We have already mentioned the Christian character of the Provisional A CONFERENCE ON MISSIONS IN Vice-President and Military Com- CHINA mander, General Li. A correspondent of the China Press, Shanghai, writes REPRESENTATIVES of foreign of an interview with General Li, dur- mission boards in the United ing which "General Li seemed disin- States and Canada met in New York (February 29th), to discuss the situation in that land now in the throes of a new birth. It was inti-

OF THE TIMES

mated by missionaries that if the for the whole nation should be made home boards would take hands off, up of the leaders of all denominathe workers in the field would con- tions, foreign and native. In this solidate Protestant Christianity into central board on the field should be one united force in the new Oriental vested the final power to determine republic. One just returned from the scope and sphere of each denomi- Fuchau was emphatic in saying that nation's activity. the missionaries had repeatedly been obliged to forego plans for union be- THE OPPORTUNITY OF THE cause of missionary secretaries in CHURCH IN CHINA America. T HE sudden changes in China The recent conference, in which were represented thirty foreign mis- thrust mighty responsibilities essionary boards and societies, was as pecially upon American Christians. hearty in commending union for To-day no country is held in so high Christian work, but opinions were esteem in China as the United States, recognized as personal, not binding and especial attention is being paid to on the boards for whom they serve as Americans and American missionexecutives. The resolutions adopted aries. But the New China is eviwere turned over to the Committee of dently friendly to all Christians and Reference and Counsel to be trans- to Christianity itself. Idolatry seems mitted, with copies of the papers read, absolutely doomed, and in many to the boards maintaining the estab- places Christian officials have been lished Foreign Missions Conference appointed. In Canton the son of one of North America. of the old Presbyterian preachers, a graduate of Columbia Law School Dr. James L. Barton, secretary of is in hibh authority. Another Christhe American Board, analyzed the tian, a teacher in Fati School, is in Christian union which will be capable permanent position over the revenues of making a real impression on China. and has taken as his helper another One common name adopted for all native Christian. Protestant Chinese congregations, so that denominational differences should The missionaries generally expect be submerged out of the sight. Sepa- that with the disappearance of the rate denominational institutions of old system of persecution for those education should be merged-inclu- who abandoned ~ncestral worship ding even theological seminaries, and large numbers of inquirers will apshould be operated on a union basis. pear, and they are troubled how to Christian literature issued in the Chi- take care of them. nese language should be prepared and published by a joint board represent- China is wide open. Let the Church ing all the missions. Finally, arrange- enter and possess the land for Christ! ments ought to be made for executive control on the field which would IS A BETTER DAY DAWNING FOR govern all Protestant mission work INDIA? harmoniously. District councils for the various provinces and one board THE Durbar at Delhi, connected with the visit of King George V. of England as Emperor of India, was made the occasion for changing the capital from Calcutta to Delhi.

The festivities were luxurious and of Hinduism, the Vedas and the stretched over many days, costing an Upanishads, be made the foundation immense amount of money, but the in- of Indian laws. In those books noth- fluence on the spirit of the people ing is found pertaining to caste and seems to have been good. child-marriage, to the burning of wid- King George was accompanied by ows, and to many other evils that sap the strength of India and hinder the Queen Mary, and none can say what preaching and acceptance of the Gosit meant to the women of India, es- pel. The use of the Vedas as the pecially the Mohammedans, to see her foundation of Indian law may be of stand by the side of the Irmperor much advantage to the Christian misduring the coronation festivities. To sionaries in the great empire. the down-trodden and much-neglected women of India she must have been FEDERATION IN INDIA a living illustration of what Christianity does for man and woman. The A FURTHER step toward the acpublic appearance of the Empress of complishment of the Federation India should prove a help to the work of the Churches of India was taken at of Christian missionaries among the a conference held at Jubbulpore last women and girls of India. summer. At the same place two The changes announced in the ad- years ago a basis for such a federa- ministration of India may also have tion was adopted. The six resolutions some influence for good upon the have been widely accepted by churches progress of Christianity. If it should and missions, which exprest wilIing- prove true that a member of the royal ness to enter such a federation, and family will occupy the place of Vice- sent delegates to the second confer- roy of India in future, Delhi may have ence of last August. The churches a real royal court again, and the represented were the Presbyterian quieting of revolutionary influences Church in India, the South India may result so that the missionaries United Church, the M. E. Church, the will find the doors more widely open. Friends, the Indian Mission of the The most important change ordered Disciples of Christ, the American Ma- by the newly crowned Emperor seems rathi Mission, the English Baptists, to be that which refers to Indian law and the Wesleyans. The U. P.

and administration. Hitherto, Great Church of North America was unoffi- Britain has followed the policy to rec- cially represented, while the Victorian ognize and follow the laws which it Baptists, the Scandinavian Alliance found in existence. They sanction Mission, and the Kurku and Central the pernicious caste system and the India Hill Mission approved of the child marriage and .allow the burning Federation, but sent no representa- of widows (which was forbidden by tives.

a special law, but is said to be carried The following resolution was on in secret), and other inhuman in- adopted: stitutions which degrade the people "The Federation shall not interfere morally and socially. Now the Em- with the existing creed of any church peror has ordered that the old relig- or society entering into its fellowship, ious books of India, the very sources or with its internal order or external

relations. But in accepting the prin- Shah has added to the distress, and ciple that the Church of God is one, some thirty towns near Hamadan are and that believers are the body of reported sacked. The famine has be- Christ and severally members thereof, come so acute that cannibalism is the federating churches agree to rec- said to be resorted to in some dis- ognize each other's discipline, and to tricts to satisfy hunger.

welcome members of other federating Russia is largely responsible for churches to Christian fellowship and these conditions, and the hearts of communion, while leaving each church the missionaries grow sick as they free to adopt such forms regarding see Persia's unhappy state and dark orders, ministry, and admission to outlook. The only hope is in God.

membership as it believes to be in ac- He can change the evil turn in the cordance with the teaching of Scrip- tide, and doubtless will in His own ture and the mind of Christ." I!ood time.

A Another resolution was adopted in- THE MEN OF THE SOUTHLAND viting churches which can not see WONDERFULLY inspiring con- their way to enter the Federation, to vention was that of the Lay- unite with the federating churches in men's Missionary Movement of the conferences for mutual help in the Southern Presbyterian Church in work. A committee was appointed to Chattanooga on February 6th, 7th carryon negotiations looking toward and 8th. As a result of the first such conferences with the non-federa- convention in Birmingham three years ting churches. ago, there have been many new mis- TROUBLES IN PERSIA sionaries and a large increase in the offerings of the Church. The Chat- PERSIA'S unhappy condition comes tanooga convention brought together both from internal weakness and over I,5oo representative men, nearly from external irritation by Russia 300 of whom were pastors. Two theo- and Great Britain. Mr. Shuster com- logical seminaries sent their whole plains that the jealousy of these two body of students.

powers hampered him and put an end In the addresses the delegates heard to his successful work of reorganizing of what others are doing, and were the Persian national financiers and encouraged by words of commenda- refilling- the national treasury so that tion. The history of the missionary the Government could institute and work of the Church was eloquently carry out reforms and improvements. reviewed by Dr. James 1. Vance, and He affirms that Great Britain and the various mission fields of to-day Russia prepared to keep Persia weak were reviewed as to their conditions and in debt for their own purpDses. and their needs.

Now famine has added its quota of Much emphasis was laid on train- ills to poverty; misrule and bloodshed. ing the future leadership of the The Kurds are ravaging the border- Church, but that which will live long- land, and ruining the crops, so that est in the memory of those present Turkey is joining in the work of is the elimax on the last night. Ever rendering Persia helpless. The re- since the Eirmingham Convention, the bellion under the brother of the ex- Church, largely through the Laymen's

Movement, has been laboring to fur- naries and colleges. Then the aunish an object-lesson by completely dience demanded its turn; in a few equipping its Korean field, both with moments pledges were made to send missionaries and with institutions. at least ten to the field as soon as With the exception of two physicians they could go. It was a thrilling and three teachers, this force has been scene, impossible to describe, but one provided and its support insured. which will never be forgotten by those The last fourteen missionaries met at who witnessed it.-JAS. LEWIS HOWE. Chattanooga, and after a portrayal of conditions in Korea, the departing A MILLION DOLLARS FOR MISSIONS missionaries came to the platform and were introduced to the audience. It THE United Presbyterian Church was a scene of great enthusiasm, ranks among the smaller ecclesimingled with emotion, as the Union Seminary quartet softly sang "Speed astical bodies, but stands near the Away, Speed Away, on Your Er- front for missionary zeal. As evirand of Light." dence, we note the following propo- sition which has been published: After the Korean band had been seated on one side of the platform, The Million-dollar Campaign pro- Rev. Motte Martin, of the Kongo poses a simultaneous every-member Mission, told the story of its needs; canvass in every congregation during the force depleted, the natives from the month of March, 1912, for a 300 miles away, begging in vain for weekly pledge for missions to be Bible teachers, and the native Church paid during the year beginning April praying for So more missionaries to I, 1912. The following schedule rebe sent. At the close of this ap- veals the possibilities for the campeal, Mr. Campbell White, knowing paIgn: that there were those present who had already volunteered for the Kongo, Per Week 26,000 asked those who would respond to 50 members at $10.00 …………. $ 78,000 this call to come to the platform. 300 members at 5.00 ………… . 208,000 Twenty-five men and four young 2,000 members at 2.00 ………… . 260,000 women came and stood there, eager 5,000 members at 1.00 ………… . 130,000 to go forth and win Central Africa 156,000 for Christ. Among these were some 5,000 members at .50 ………… . 156,000 of the choicest men from the semi- 12,000 members at .25 ………… . 78,000 30,000 members at .10 ………… . 41,600 30,000 members at .OS ………… . 40,000 members at .02 . ……….. .

124,350 $1,133,600 Leaving from 12,000 to 14,000 members not included in the above schedule.

HEIGHTS AND DEPTHS OF

BY .T. N. FARQUHAR, CALCUTTA, INDIA General Student Secretary, National Y. M. C. A., India ~. T HERE are two sides to pose so as to suit men at every most questions, but not stage of religious advancement. That there has been corruption during the often do we find such centuries is acknowledged, but these excrescences, it is alleged, can easily . a hopeless divergence be removed; and the faultless original , ~ of opinion as there exists at the present moment on the subject of the charac- faith will then remain.

ter and value of Hinduism. On the Since Hinduism is thus so great, its one side stand modern educated Hin- defenders declare that it is the best dus and the Theosophical Society, gathering center for all the religions who speak of Hinduism as one of of the world. Here all other faiths the greatest, probably the very great- can be harmonized and reconciled.

est, of all the religians. They say Certain considerable elements of this that it is spiritual through and most favorable judgment would be through; that it contains a most noble accepted by impartial European scholmoral system; and that in intellectual ars. The Hindu has many fine quo- subtlety and truth, and in spiritual tations at his finger ends from Miil- power, its philosophy stands supreme. ler, Deussen, Garbe, and others which They point to the myriads of monks he sets out to the best advantage to and hermits who have lived in India show that his estimate of the reas evidence that here more than in ligion is reasonable.

any other land the true spirit of as- On the other side there stand a ceticism has been manifested. They large number of Christian mISSIOnregard the forms of Hindu life as aries and a few scholarly writers almost perfect, since they hallow who, in varied terms and with vary- every element of the family, of so- ing emphasis, declare that, tho Hin- ciety, and of public life. They are duism contains a number of good bold enough even to deny that the things, it is yet one of the grossest worship of the common people in the of all religions. They characterize temples of the land is idolatrous, and the common religion of the people pronounce it lofty and spiritual. as idolatrous, ritualistic, superstitious, Images are only a means for helping often barbarous, and here and there the uneducated toward the real spiri- grossly filthy and immoraL They tual worship which they practise. The point out that the stories of the gods, whole system, whether the practise of and especially the histories of the the home, the worship of the priests incarnations of Vishnu, which hold or the ritual of the temple, is said to such a large place in the religion of be filled with rich meaning down to the people, are utterly unhistorical, the lowest details. The various as- sheer fabrications. The forms of pects of the faith, from the loftiest family and of social life in vogue philosophy down to the simplest among the Hindus are to these think- image worship, are explained as ers cruel in the extreme, inhuman, merely different expressions of the utterly condemnable, and the Brah- one inner spirit, varied of set pur- mans are the worst enemies of India.

While these writers recognize that view. Here we have one cause of the various forms of Hindu philoso- the difficulty of increasing missionary phy are exceedingly subtle and con- revenue. Now and then one sees an tain many striking suggestions, they article in which missionaries on furpoint out that, regarded as religion, lough are denounced as the greatest the philosophy is simply false, that liars on earth. It is thus time that it has rather hindered than helped an attempt were made to show clearly the progress of reform within Hin- where the truth lies. duism, and that it has been for many centuries one of the greatest bulwarks We begin with certain aspects of of the gross idolatry of the Hindu the religion which seem to favor the temple. Modern ascetics are con- Hindu claims. demned as dirty, ignorant, idle, often immoral, living on the charity of the The Beauties of Hinduism people and doing nothing for India. While the literature of Hinduism has (a) Hinduism as a system is based many high qualities, as literature, its on a belief in revelation. The Hindu general effect upon the mind of the lives under laws which he says were people is said to be exceedingly bad, directly revealed for the guidance of since it stands in the way of all re- his race. His religion is in no sense form, upholding the grossest abuses a rationalism. The people, like the of the family, society and the temple, Israelites, have always believed themand since large sections of it are selves to be holy, because born in a hideously immoral. holy race and purified by divinely appointed sacraments. Holiness and The chasm between these two purity, however formal the concepparties threatens to widen rather than tions may be, are regarded as the to narrow; for while there is a grow- very core of the religious life. ing movement among missionaries toward a sympathetic attitude toward . Every part of the Hindu system is the religions of India, the Hindu mediated by priests, who come of a party, on the other hand, have been race believed to have been created by steadily increasing their claims as to Heaven for the priestly office. Man the value of their religion. It is is acknowledged to be separated from clearly a matter of considerable mo- God and to need a God-appointed ment that the truth should become mediator. recognized; for, if the Hindus are wrong, the present flood of panegyric To the Hindu the family is a sais exceedingly unhealthy for the Hin- cred, a mystic community, to which du people; while, if the missionaries belong equally the dead, the living, are mistaken, their work will suffer and the unborn. The well-being of seriously from their wrong attitude all depends upon the reverent worto the religion they have to meet. ship of the dead, and the faithful We ought also to notice that the fulfilment of all duties, by the living feeling of the uninformed public of members. The father is head of the Europe and America tends to favor family, controlling its religion and its the Hindu rather than the missionary property, ruling his wife and all his male descendants and their families, and seeing to their welfare. The wife and the son, altho subject to the father, have each an honored place.

I9 I2 THE HEIGHTS AND DEPTHS OF

The widow is the nun of the family. (c) The ideas that inspire Hindu Even the domestic cow is revered. asceticism are bold, far-reaching, not to say extravagant. No other land Society, no less than the family, is has gone so far as India in its condivine to the Hindu. The most promi- tempt for everything that appeals to nent characteristic of caste is its the senses. But the most amazing divinity: it is ordained of God in thing about it is its tremendous realevery detail. The purposes also ity, the fact that so many thousands which underlie the caste system are of men in all the centuries have flung of great importance and moral worth, themselves into the ascetic life and altho the means employed, to our have endured such self-denial and modern experience, are very far from such suffering as ordinary human nasatisfactory. The guarding of purity ture shrinks from. In modern times was probably the main aim in view in the movement has withered. There the formation of the system, purity is comparatively little seriousness in of food, of race, of custom and mo- it, and there is more show than sufrality. In the early days, when the fering. Yet even now it is with a caste system took form, no other sudden shock of surprize that one means was open to the people of the realizes how many thousands of men world than social exclusiveness. That and women live in nakedness, rags, was the method universally used in poverty, and dirt. The force of the the ancient world. In thinking of the belief behind it, that the ascetic is strength of caste feeling among mod- the only saint, is very great indeed. ern Hindus, all these facts must be kept in view, as well as the pride (d) The philosophy of India stands which plays so large a part to-day. apart from all other speculation. No- where else has intellectual thought eb) Despite its grossness and un- been so directly and for so long a time at the service of religion. The cleanness, the popular worship of the best Hindu philosophy is from first temples of India has for two millen- to last spiritual in aim, and in much niums given the ignorant masses of of its outworking it is spiritual also. the people a way to worship the In- Hence, while the Upanishads in cerfinite, an outlet for religious feeling, tain respects fall far behind Western and a place of hope in time of dire thought in devotional earnestness and trouble. They have felt their gods power, there is probably no other were with them. The blood-stained philosophic literature to match them. sacrifice, the noisy celebration of a With the rise of the Gita, Indian phigod's birthday, or the quiet offering losophy bec:ame connected with the of a few leaves and water, has been popular worships. In consequence, of real service in the piteous blind- multitudes of men, who otherwise ness of their quivering hearts. Tho would have had no touch with the they worship Gam~sa with the ele- best thought, have been introduced to phant head, or Kali, the Black, with philosophy. the projecting tongue, or some even more gruesome idol, •their priests (e) Not the least noticeable among have told them that their worship .is the religious groups of Hinduism are really received by the one God behind the many sects that teach incarnaall their images and ceremonies.

tion and bhakti,' and in many ways civilization, gave the people a certain they are the most healthy of all the standard of moral life and character· groups within the religion. The and the consciousness of belonging theology of these systems is usually to a great system and a great people.

very crude; yet we should acknowledge It is also certain that, apart from the that each one aims at theism, at spiritu- tenacity and strength of the caste and ality and an improved morality. It family system of Hinduism, the Hin- is clear from the literature that mul- du people in later ages would have titudes of men from every class have been cut to pieces and ground to been greatly helped in their religious powder by the successive invasions life by the doctrine of bhakti, a pas- from Central Asia. Instead of losing sion of devotion toward the Lord of their identity and their culture, they the sect. This doctrine was usually finally absorbed every group of for- associated with some rudimentary eigners except monotheists.

idea of salvation by faith. Thirdly, surely no Christian can There are three general considera- study Hinduism without being stirred tions which ought not to be over- to his very depths a thousand times looked in seeking to estimate the with the consciousness that most of value of Hinduism. the forms of this extraordinary r~­ The first is this, that the ascetic, ligion are essentially, eternally right, philosophic and bhakti movements in spite of all the degradation with were clearly inspired by spiritual which they are filled. The cult of motives and aspirations. They were the Persian Mithra, which won such founded by men who were not satis- remarkable success in the Roman fied with the ordinary Hinduism of army, had so many points of resem- the family, the priest and the temple, blance to Christianity tbat the early men who had a passionate desire for Christians declared that it must have release from the bondage of the been invented by the devil for the world, for knowledge of God, for purpose of entrapping souls. The re- some sort of living fellowship with semblance between Hinduism and the Divine. The literature of these . Christianity is in many ways far movements and the institutions they deeper and more real. In form, at have created are clear proof of the least, one can find as many parallels lofty aims and the self-sacrificing in Hinduism to Christianity as in purpose of the great leaders. ancient Judaism. How powerful, then, The Success of Hinduism must be the influence of these forms The second point to be noted is the upon the minds of Hindus.

tremendous success which the Hindu The Errors of Hinduism scheme as a whole has won in India.

The Aryan immigrants were but as 'vYe now reverse the shield and a small quantity of leaven amid the begin to look at numerous details in thronging tribes of the Indian penin- Hindu life and worship which have sula. Yet the Brahmans, with their not yet come within our survey.

social and theological system, organ- ( a) We begin with this, that altho ized practically the whole popula- the forms of the Hindu system are tion, covered the peninsula with their admirable in many ways, the content!

HEIGHTS AND DEPTHS OF

are simply pagan. The ceremonial of men that this symbol suggests no evil the daily prayers, of the domestic passion or unclean idea to the wor- sacraments, of the temple worship shipers, and that statement must be and of the great festivals is purely accepted as far as possible; yet the external, the value of the whole de- fact remains that India is the last pending on the ritual correctness of remaining civilized country that worword and deed. ships a phallic symbol to-day. These objects of worship were once almost The worship of the people is idola- universal throughout the world, but trous from beginning to end. This with the spread of civilization they is true, even of the followers of the have disappeared. There were abunphilosophies, of modern ascetics, and dance of such things in Japan sixty of the Bhakti sects as well. Worship years ago; but when the awakening is not offered to the incomprehensible came they were swept out of exist- Atman, the impersonal God of Hindu ence. It is scarcely comprehen ,ibl:, philosophy. It is Kali, Siva, Rama, how the modern Hindu can have his Krishna, Ganesa, Hanuman, or some little daughter go to the temple and other member of the innumerable be taught the meaning of what she pantheon that is adored. The di- sees in the shrines of Siva. No vinity is believed to be present in the amount of philosophic mystification image; to the god present in the can whitewash this horrible practise. image the Hindu offers his worship and his oblation; to him he makes There is much actual licentiousness his petition. This cult is identical wrapt up in the literature and reboth in spirit and in method with the ligion of India. Large parts of the use of images among the ancient Sanskrit M ahabharata are foul in the Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks and extreme, and certain of the vernacu- Romans. To say that it is not idol- lar versions of both epics are exceedatry is simply a gross misuse of lan- ingly immoral. A great deal of the guage. literature of Krishnaism is erotic and very unclean. Many of the Tantras Those who have not wandered are unfit for publication. We do not about India and watched the people refer to casual references to sexual at their devotions can have little idea matters such as are found in the how monstrous and degrading the greatest literature of all nations, but objects of worship are. While all the to narratives filled with sensualism great gods are represented as anthro- and evil suggestion. It is no wonder, pomorphic, there is scarcely one of therefore, that one group of the Sakthem that has not some monstrous tas who use the Tantras and certain feature; and the vast majority of the Krishnaite sects make sexual immoobjects of Hindu worship are not rality a part of their worship. These even human: they are animals, de- facts about the literature make one mons, devils, evil spirits, stones, trees external fact less amazing than it and sllch like. There is one other would otherwise be, namely this, that fact that must be frankly stated here. there are attached to most of the The commonest of all objects of wor- great temples of southern India bands ship throughout India is the lingam of prostitutes who are known as of Siva. We are told by competent

servants of the god, and who do now Vishnu and Siva actually appeared in and then take part in the worship human life. Yet even the tales of with song and dance, but whose real Krishna and Rama as avatars of occupation is very different. Scouts Vishnu, by far the noblest parts of are sent out throughout the country Vishnuism, are mythological from be- to seek out and buy, for this horrible ginning to end. Every scholar ac- life, girl babies who are not wanted knowledges the fact. The question where they have been born. is never even discust.

There are a number of customs Again, these systems are hopelessly prescribed in the inspired legal litera- vicious in this way, that no one of ture of Hinduism and still practised them is a true monotheism. Siva or in every Hindu household, which are Vishnu, Rama or Krishna, whichever simply savage survivals. For example, it may be, is simply one of the mul- a dead body, a new-born child and titude of Hindu gods, selected by a its mother, must not be touched, as certain sect, and by them raised to they are unclean and will pollute any the dignity of the Supreme. But person who touches them. For this while one sect acclaims Krishna, an- reason, when a pregnant woman's other shouts in favor of Rama, and time comes, she is placed in some a third crowns Siva; and whichever shed or barn never used for human is raised to the proud position, his habitation, or in a hut specially wife and children share his glory, and erected for the purpose, and is not all the other gods of the Hindu pan- allowed to enter any room of the theon retain their old positions around house until a certain number of days him, and are recognized as his friends have elapsed. In the funeral service and relatives. Honored modern schol- a ball of rice and hopey is offered, ars have deliberately used the word which the spirit of the dead man is monotheism of one or other of these believed to eat, and from which he systems. We would respectfully sub- is believed to develop the material mit that, from the point of view of body which he requires in the other honest thinking, that is a very grave world. In the memorial services for misuse of language. The fact that the dead, a similar ball is offered to idolatry is found in every Bhakti sect the spirit of each departed ancestor. is further proof, if proof were needed, All this is pure savage superstition. that we have here no true monothe- The contents of the traditional Hindu ism, but merely a rearrangement of system are pagan. the divinities of Hindu polytheism.

(b) While the Bhakti sects of (c) Similarly the great aims which modern time are probably the noblest gave birth to Hindu asceticism and products of the Hindu spirit, yet their philosophy do not save these systems system is altogether impossible to from fatal defects which make them modern minds. The power which the totally unfit for acceptance to-day. If incarnations of Vishnu or the theo- the ideas which underlie the Ve- phanies of Siva exercise over the danta and the life of ancient Hindu hearts of modern Hindus arises alto- monks were really, actually, true, we gether from the belief that they are should be driven, by the sheer neces- historical, from the conviction that sity of honest logic, to demand that

THE HEIGHTS AND DEPTHS OF HINDUISM

all marriage should cease, that all poison which has worked through all men, women and children should give the centuries in the Hindu family, up family and social life, should re- producing in turn polygamy, infanti- tire to the deserts and forests, and cide, the refusal of education to girls, live in complete renunciation of so- child marriage, the prohibition of ciety, civilization, business, art, and widow marriage, the burning of worship, until the human race had widows, and the zenana system.

vanished from the face of our planet. (e) The frightful wrongs of caste, Either the implications of the Ve- which are now so widely recognized danta and the ideals of Hindu asceti- as immoral and inimical to national cism are true, and therefore healthy life by Hindus, similarly spring from for every human being, or else they the very center of the Hindu system.

are false. It is in the doctrine of transmigration There is one fact which is quite that the conception of caste finds its sufficient to destroy absolutely the ground. According to that doctrine, claim of the Vedanta to be worthy of men, when they return to the world, comparison with Christianity. The are at many various stages of spiri- God of the Vedanta is outside and tual progress, and the caste into which above morality. To the ancient mind each is born is precisely the social this seemed to be an essential element stage for which his spiritual condi- in the conception of the Absolute. To tion fits him. Thus, you can not root speak of the eternal God as moral out the caste system, with all its would have seemed to the early lIin- inhuman abuses, until you have rooted du to be a degradation of the Su- out transmigration.

preme to the level of a man. But Final Conclusions Judaism and Christianity have given the world from revelation that which We are thus brought to two final the philosophers were never able to conclusions with regard to this really give from speculation, the concept of great and fascinating religion. The the Supreme as essential!y moral and first is that the Hindu system, as a the source of the moral law. To ac- system, is hopelessly pagan through cept to-day a theology which does and through, fast bound to ritualistic not contain that priceless element polytheism, idolatry and savage su- would be as absurd as to accept a perstition, and yet that this hopeless science which does not insist upon system is shot through and through the constant consultation of nature. with innumerable lines of light, which (d) It is of the greatest importance have helped to guide myriads of to realize that the grievous wrongs souls throughout the centuries, and which the Hindu family system im- which as honest men we must ac- poses on women are not external knowledge and give their legitimate abuses which can be readily removed place to.

by a slight reform. The Hindu family The second conclusion is that as- is founded on ancestor worship, which <;eticism, philosophy, and the modern in every land has made the father the Bhakti sects have each and all arisen lord of the family and has depre- in response to a passionate desire for ciated woman. This is the ancient a truly spiritual religion, and have

each displayed an amollnt of spiritual the gross after a pattern. Further, wealth, but that all are to-day com- the real truth that is in Hinduism plete failures, because they have not ought to be preserved; and the pow- risen above the primeval conception erful inspiration of the saints and of God as nonl1loral, and Lave not heroes of former times must be saved shaken themselves free frOl1l the an- for the people of India. cient Brahmanical system with its poisonous doctrines of transmigration Strangely enough, as soon as we and ancestor-worship and its myriad begin to think of Christianity alongpagan elements. side of Hinduism, a most remarkable correspondence begins to make itself Hinduism every clear-eyed scholar felt. Nearly all the forms of ancient acknowledges to be a very great re- Hindu life reappear, transfigured, in ligion; yet it is hopelessly unfit for Christianity. There is not a spiritual the modern world or for man's high- aspiration exprest in the Upanishads, est needs. Nothing can save it from in the philosophies, in asceticism, or destruction. But while we unhesita- in the Bhakti theologies, that does not tingly condemn it as unfit for modern find perfect spiritual satisfaction in men, we ought as frankly to acknowl- Jesus Christ. While His Spirit will edge that the ancient system could tolerate nothing that is unworthy of scarcely have been other than it was. His Heavenly Father and the high The Brahmans built amazing well destiny of His human brothers, He with the materials they had: it was can take the nobiest elements of Hinscarcely their fault that better mate- du thought and fill them with a spiririals were not available. tual content which will satisfy the thirst of India, unquenched. so long. While Hinduism is destined to pass away, it will not disappear com- The correspondence between the pletely. Modern investigation has two faiths is very remarkable. There taught us that a change of religion are points of contact, it is true, benever makes a c0mplete break. There tween Mohammedanism and Hinduis always continuity of religious life ism, but they are trivial compared in some degree. It is impossible to with the relationships between the destroy men's minds and to recreate Gospel of Christ and the higher ideals them in a new shape. However po- of India. The human mind and hutent the new faith may be, it has to man needs are everywhere one. The work with the men who were created Hindu people, who possess remarkby the old system. Especially in the able religious gifts, have worked out case of a really mighty and pervasive into society and theology far more religion, such as Hinduism is, it fully than any other people the eswould be folly to expect that it will sential religious aspirations of the not color the future faith of the coun- human mind. Christianity is the one try. Nor ought we to desire such a faith which can give final spiritual thing. God does not desire to iron satisfaction to those needs of man the human race fiat, to smooth alit all which have received such vivid exnational differences, to make men by pression in Hinduism.

BRITISH MILITARY CAMP NEAR EANNU) ON THE BORDER OF AF"GHANISTAN

MEDICAL EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN FRONTIER BY DR. T. L. PENNELL, BANNU, U. W. F. P., INDIA Author of "Among the Wild Tribes of the Afghan Frontier"

WO British officers~ considerable freedom in the matter of managing their own affairs acmT were on the march in cording to tradition while restrain- the Tochi Valley, in ing them from tribal warfare, and from the grosser crimes of murder July, 1911. This val- and highway robbery. ley is one of those ~ highroads of commerce One of the two officers mentioned was the engineer in charge of the which connect Central Asia and road, and with him was a Hindu sub- overseer. Along the road were gangs Afghanistan with British India. The of coolies at work repairing the damage done by the rains and the tribes on the neighboring mountains mountain streams. These coolies were drawn from the tribes of the are independent and have never ac- valley itself, and from neighboring tribes of fanatical Afghans, whose knowledged allegiance to any ruler. mullahs were constantly filling their minds with religious hatred and were The British have, however, built a teaching them that the murder of a Christian officer would be a most good metalled cart-road along the meritorious act, and that if they themselves should lose their lives in vaney, and have established military posts from the point where the val- ley first leaves the plains of India up to the head of the pass, eighty miles farther on, and 5,000 feet higher up. Here they administer the valley area, not exactly according to the penal code of India, but by the compromise of allowing the tribes

consequence, an immediate entrance Hindu widow was left to weep in into the joys of Paradise was await- Dannu. ing them. In this episode we have an example As the officers made their tour of of the old fanaticism still burning in inspection a coolie would often run the hearts of the Afghans in COI11up to the engineer in charge of the parison with the new ideals growing road with a petition for the removal up in the minds of those who have of some real or imagined grievance, learned "the larger hope, the kindor for some pay kept back by an un- lier hand," and who in the comradescrupulous contractor, or for an in- ship of East and West have been crease of pay. ready to risk and lose their own lives for the Christians, whom at one time The two officers were in a cart, the they misunderstood and hated. engineer and his overseer seated behind, and when they saw one of the How are our frontier missions workers on the road running after striving to bring about this change? them they thought one of these motives had actuated some petitioner. Ring out the slowly dying cause The engineer, therefore, ordered the And ancient forms of party strife; coachman to stop the cart. It was Ring in the nobler modes of life only when the man had overtaken With sweeter manners, purer laws. them that the engineer saw a long Afghan knife flash out from under The old trinity of "teaching, preachthe man's cloak as he made a lunge ing, and healing" are now, as ever, at him. There was no time to draw the marching orders of the Christian the revolver which was lying by his missionary, but the outward forms in side on the seat of the cart, but a which these are carried out vary with kick out into the man's face parried place and time. The teaching is fothe blow. In another moment the cused in our schools, the healing in Hindu overseer (who had been a our hospitals and medical work, and student in the Bannu School) had preaching pervades both, besides beleapt out of his seat on top of the ing used in the bazaars of the cities, man, and they fell together into the or in itinerating among the villages of roadway, the Afghan underneath. the plain and in the scattered hamlets There they lay for a moment grap- of the hills. pling with each other. The two English officers jumped down, seized and But underlying all is one great pinioned the man, but the Hindu lay principle, that of contact. The mere motionless; they raised him and mechanical contact of master with found to their dismay a gaping pupil, of doctor with patient, leads to wound on the right side, where the nothing and bears no fruit in the assassin's knife had pierced the over- spiritual sphere, but there is the seer's liver and inflicted a mortal closer, more vital, contact of heart wound. They lifted him tenderly to heart, of one living, throbbing, into the cart, but before they could sympathizing spirit touched with the reach the post and obtain medical love of Christ, fired with the Spirit assistance life had fled and another of God, with a longing, hoping, hun- gry soul, for whom Christ yearns and for whom He died. School work, hospital ward work, itineration. dis-

EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN

rATIENTS WA fTING OUTSIDe THE oPERATING ROOM AT n ANN U pensing and preaching are all valuable schools and colleges, however sucbecause fraught with opportunities cessful our medical work! of this kind. In the school-room and the wards the barrier that parts soul The Afghans have a tradition that from soul disappears like a wall of ice one of their ancestors having sinned, in the dog days, and the heart makes God saw fit to punish him with a known its needs and aspirations. ban that should descend to all his How constantly we missionaries are generations. "From this time forth reminded that the outward mechan- there will always be discord in your isms of our work are useless, or mere family." "How, then," ask the Afencumbrances unless the Spirit of ghans, "can you expect us to forego God is thus working from heart to the blood feuds and tribal quarrels heart and thus drawing all to Him- which decimate our young men and self! How humiliating this thought weaken our nation before its eneis to our human pride when we feel mies? It is all ordained by fate." that unless our own hearts are in tune with the great God of Love, and A certain tribe on the Bannu borunless our lives are fashioned after der lost a camel last spring. They Him who took upon Himself the traced the footprints along the riverform of a servant, that He might beds, through the jungles, over the bear our shame, then we are hin- mountain sides, till they came to the drances to the progress of His King- lands of the next tribe. Here they dom, however crowded our high lost it. In such a case it becomes the duty of that tribe either to follow lip the trace into the lands of some

other tribe, or to deliver up the cdmcl der died they were willing to C0111or its value in cash. In this case pound for the wounded by a money the tribe denied all responsibilIty, and payment. If not-then blood for refused compensation. The trackers blood. left, vowing retaliation. On the way back they passed a yoman of the re- It is one of the articles in -the calcitrant tribe gathering firewood. tribal code of honor that the mission They seized her and carried her off. hospital is neutral ground, on which The news soon spread and the warriors there must be no retaliation. Still of her tribe seized their rifles, buckled l'athans are quick-tempered, and on their cartridge belts, and started when they come to words swords in pursuit. They reached a ridge are soon drawn, so we thought better overlooking a ravine on the other to put the other wounded in a reside of which were the trackers ma- mote part of the hospital, where they king off with the woman. Both sides would not see much of the first party. took cover and opened fire. One of The last two arrivals soon recovered the trackers fell dead, shot through and were discharged, but it was not the head; his brother, standing by until after months of suffering and him, took ailTl at the man who had fever that the broken shoulder shot him, and shattered his shoulder. mended and we were able to dis- Two more of the trackers were shot, charge the man with a fairly useful one through the side and one through arm. the leg. They then left the woman and carried off their dead and As each of the wounded had sevwounded. eral stalwarts to attend and nurse him, we had many opportunities of The next morning a blood-stained preaching the Gospel to the men of litter was brought into the mission those two tribes, men who would hospital by a party of travel-worn have scorned to listen to it but for tribesmen; on it was the man with a the mission hospital. Here their shattered shoulder. He had a terrible hearts were softened, and they promwound, but we hoped to save the ised to lay aside their animosities at arm, and soon the wounded man and least for a season, and before the his attendants were comfortably last man left the hospital we had the housed in one of our "family wards." oatisfaction of knowing that the two The wound was cleaned and drest tribes were once more, at least outand some medicine was administered wardly, on a friendly footing. to relieve the excessive pain,- made so much worse by a night-long journey On another occasion of tribal warover rough mountain roads. fare, one side brought their wounded down to Bannu, where they were ad- The next morning another party mitted to our wards, but the other arrived with two litters, containing side, on hearing this, were unwilling the two wounded men of the other to run the risk of being treated in tribe. Their wounds were not so such close proximity to their foes. serious as that of the first man, but They wished, however, to be under one of their number had been killed. our care, so they took their wounded If the man with the shattered shoul- to our outstation at ThaI, where they were admitted into the Lord Roberts

I9121 MEDICAL EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN FRONTIER

Hospital. On the occasions of our story, which is related ill 111y book,* visits there they would slyly ask after is repeated here because the poor the progress of the wounded foes, man has just returned to see me, and inwardly hoping that mortification or lockjaw or some such thing might DR . P 2 NNELL AND T HE AFGH AN WHO WAS BL[NDED have supervened, and asking with BY HIS ENEMIES feeling, "Have you not had to ampu- tate so-and-50's leg?" another chim- I had his photograph taken on the ing in with " It was I who shot him.'· hospital veranda. He is resigned, bllt still lamen ts that he has no SOI1 In the autumn of 1907 a fine, stal- to revenge his loss. wart W azir was brought to the Bannu Mission Hospital in a pitiable A few month s back a Wazir state; both of his eyes had been mountaineer was carried down to our slashed out and utterly blinded with hospital on a bed, with severe frac- a knife. His story was that his tures of the rig ht arm and right enemies came on him unexpectedly in thigh. Some Mahud robbers had his cottage one day, beat his wife fallen on the village flocks and driven into insensibility, tied him to a bed, some of them away. Alarm was and then deliberately destroyed his given in the village, and a party set eyes with a knife. His wife came to off in pursuit. This man was one the hospital with him, suffering from of the pursuers, and in his haste he severe contusions and some broken had left his rifle and had taken only ribs, and we put them both into one of our small "family wards"-so • "Among the Wil<l Tribes of the Afghan F ran· called becau se father, mother, and tier," Chapter V. children, if there be any, can alI stop together fo r treatment. It was pain- ful to have to tell him that he would never see again, and still more pain- ful to hear him as he piteously said, "0, sahib, if you can give me some sight only j ust long enough to go and shoot my enemy, then I shall be satisfied to be blind all the rest of my life." It could not be. His lot would probably become that of the numerous blind beggars that throng Eastern bazaars, for who would plow his land now, or speak for him in the village council? From pure pity . we kept him a few weeks that he might hear the story of the Gospel, of good will and forgiveness, but he would shake hi s head and sig h, "No, that teaching is not for us. . What I want is revenge-revenge!" This

a sword. They came up with the mind inconsistent with the attitude marauders, who promptly took cover of l'Iohammedans toward Christ and behind some rocks, and opened a fu- the Gospel. Before making his dif- sillade. He was shot in the arm, and ficulties known to us he came several the sword fell to the ground. He times to listen to the preaching in the picked it up with the left arm, and out-patient department of the hos- dashed on to the rocks, where the pital. Then he asked for a Gospel, enemy was in hiding, but before he and came for instruction. He was so could reach them another shot shat- quickly entranced by the life of tered his thigh, and he fel! helplessly Christ, and so rapidly threw off the to the ground. As soon as his fellow prejudices of Islam, that we were villagers found leisure from the pur- very soon able to admit him as a suit, they brought him in to us, hoping catechumen. He seemed to make up he would still be fit to fight another his mind almost at once that he had day. solved the difficulties so long troub- The Bannu Mission has not been ling him, and had found peace and without some remarkable converts. happiness in the transcendence of Some are working with us, some are Christ. He wrote to the people in holding government appointments, whose mosque he had been officiating, one was martyred for his faith, all telling them that he had given up have suffered to a greater or less de- Islam for Christ, and that they should gree for it. Some have gone out to arrange for another priest to read foreign lands to preach the Gospel prayers for them. He would spend which once they despised. Others, a great part of the day studying the sad to relate, have stood for a whiie, New Testament, with all the zeal and but when persecution came, have interest of one who has just dis- fallen away and apostatized. covered a new treasure. He would One recent convert, we hope, may have copies in Hindustani, Persian some day become an apostle to his and Pushtu, comparing one with an- own people. M. A. K. was a mullah, other, and using one to elucidate dif- and the Imam (priest) of a town not ficult passages in another, and when far from Bannu. Unlike a majority he came to a passage he could not of the mul1ahs, he studied the mean- understand, or a difficulty he could ing of the text of the Gwia'n, and not solve, resorting straightway to spent some thought on the signifi- me or the catechist for help. Even cance of its teaching. He found that when busy in the hospital, or with considerably more was said in that visitors, one could not help putting book in extolling Christ than in the aside one's work for a few minutes praise of any other prophet, Moham- when one saw him coming up with med included. He found the epithet beaming face and open book in hand; of "Spirit of God" given to Christ, and his genuine delight when the while Mohammed received the epi- passage had been satisfactorily ex- thet of merely "Prophet of God," and plained and his sincere and simple the other great prophets similarly faith were abundant reward.

came far below Christ in their ap- After a few month's instruction we pellations. All this seemed to his were able to accede to his earnest

MEDICAL EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN FRONTIER

desire for baptism, and he dropt the as well as three or four outstations name of Muhammad for that of in connection with each of these. Paulus, as we hoped that one day The Central Asian Mission has be- he might follow in the steps of that gun work at Mardin, in the Peshagreat apostle, and go forth to preach wur district. At each of these places to his fellow countrymen. there is a native church, composed He is now being prepared, not GUL KANINA AND HIS GRANDMOTHE& only by study, but in the school of persecution' and hardship. partly of Afghan converts and partly of Indians who have come up to The life histories of many re- these parts in either mission or govmarkable converts have been recorded ernment service. in various mIssIonary periodicals. There was Dilawer Khan, first a Peshawur being the capital of the robber chieftain, then a native of- province, is the most fully equipped. ficer in the Regiment of Guides, and It has a mission college, teaching up finally martyred in the snows of Chi- to the B.A. degree of the Punjab tral; there was Abdul Karim, a con- University, and there are four Engvert of Kandahar, who attempted to lish graduates on its staff. There preach the Gospel in Afghanistan, are mission high schools in Peshabut was imprisoned and tortured in wur, Bannu, and Dera Ismail Khan. Kandahar, and at last murdered near In these boys are prepared for the Kabul; there was Syed Badshah, a matriculation examination of the unimullah of Brannu, who, after a short versity. The largest school is at but faithful service, was murdered Bannl1, in which more than 650 boys in his bed one night at Eannu; there study. All these institutions have was Nazirullah, a convert of Quetta, enticed across the frontier by his own relations, and then done to death; these and many others have suffered for their faith and not been ashamed, and have passed to their reward and the Master's "Well done!" There are many more now witnessing for their Lord, not only in the frontier mission stations on the borders of Afghanistan, but some, too, who have gone forth to other lands as Afghan missionaries of the Cross, to Burma, to Bengal, to the Persian Gulf, to Arabia, and even to East Africa.

There are two societies at present working on the Afghan frontier, the principal being the Church Missionary Society, which has large and fully equipped missions at Peshawur, Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan and Quetta,

hostels in connection with them, for When work was first started on students who come from the more this frontier it was difficult if not distant parts of the district. They perilous for the missionary to itineare under the direct supervision of rate in the villages. Now matters European missionaries, and no greater have so far changed that a medical opportunities could be afforded for missionary at least gets a cordial welinfluencing and educating the best come wherever he goes. Almost any spirits of the rising generation than village that we enter is the home of the close contact of missionary and some of our old patients, and one student in class-room, in playground, or other of these comes running out and in hostel. to meet us, and becomes our guard and our guide, and even our host, as There are mission hospitals at long as we care to stop there. More- Peshawur, Hannt1, Dera Ismail Khan over, he will gain a hearing from and Quetta, and subsidiary dispens- the other people for our message, aries at most of the outstations. At introducing us as old friends. Our these hospitals during the year 1910 hospital in Bannu was begun in the no less than 236,167 visits were paid autumn of 1893 with a small ward by outpatients; 5,008 were treated for twelve patients. Work rapidly as in-patients in the hospital wards, increased, and patients flocked in and 10,182 operations were per- from every quarter, and we graduformed. At all the hospitals at least ally added to our accommodations as one but generally several Gospel ad- funds permitted, till, at the present dresses are given daily to the out- time, we have beds for seventy papatients, while those in the ward tients. So far, however, is this from have the benefit of regular services adequately meeting our wants, that and systematic teaching, not to speak during a good part of last winter we of the atmosphere of Christian sym- had as many as 150 patients in the pathy and service by which they are hospital at one time, and this altho surrounded. Quite a large propor- we refused cases that were not really tion of both in- and out-patients are urgent, admitting only those that remen and women who have come from quired operation, or had come from over the border, and from Afghani- great distances. Besides this, some stan itself, for medical and surgical of our old wards were cheaply built treatment. 'When these return to of mud-brick for temporary necessity, their far distant homes, they retail and urgently require rebuilding, We to their friends in town and village have prepared plans and estimates stories not only of the kind treatment for new wards to cost 12,000 ($10,- they have received, but of the teach- 000). The Church Missionary Soing they have heard. Others take ciety is totally unable to give any asback with them portions of Scrip- sistance toward these buildings, as, ture in Pushtu or Persian, and these owing to its present financial diffiare read and studied privately in culties, it is even curtailing its grants many a mosque and home. To do so to existing work. Weare, therefore, publicly would mean persecution and compelled to appeal for this sum to loss, as the reader would come under those interested in our mission. suspicion of being a possible convert.

I2 ] MEDICAL EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN

When this building is ready, our door is opened to Afghanistan itself women patients will be able to be and to other countries also. housed in an entirely separate building, and this of itself will bring us In some places, where people are many women who can not now come l·icher and more civilized than in to a hospital where complete "pur- Bannu, medical missionaries are able dah" arrangements are not carried largely to support their work through out. I t is often heartrending to be their fees. In Bannu we encourage those who are able, to pay for their A :-OOTBALL TEAM IN THE CHURCH lrUSSION lilGH SCHOOL, BANNU compelled to turn away patients medical attendance or treatment; but through want of space, and when our even so, the amount that we are able wards are completed we hope that to raise is quite inadequate. The the influence of our hospital on both people, on the whole, are poor, and sides of the border will be much the hill tribes have never been in the increased. Moreover, our base hos- habit of paying for their requirepitals are training grounds for con- ments, tho sometimes grateful paverts and other agents whom we are tients bring gifts in kind, as wheat, preparing to become missionaries to flour, eggs, fruit, and milk, which are their own people, and, as soon as the used in the hospital commissariat.

PRAYER HUNG UP IN OPERATING-ROOM OF A CHINESE MISSION HOSPITAL "All powerful Lord of Heaven! This Thy child who is before Thee is sick. VVe, Thy servants, ask Thee for skilful hands and for wisdom to relieve his pain and cure his body, in order th at some day he may understand the love and mercy of his Heavenly Father and return thanks to Thee and come to serve Thee. We ask it all in the name of Tesus Christ the Savior. Amen !"- L .M. S .

AND GOVERNMENT IN

BY B. C. BARBER General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A.. Calcutta NE may wonder that a Queen in her Proclamation of 1858, LOl man like Lord Curzon which says: "Firmly relying our- should say that the selves on the truth of Christianity, and acknowledging with gratitude . East was unlikely to the solace of religion, we discla:im alike the right and the desire to im- ~ accept Christianity be- pose our convictions on any of our cause the religions of Asia gave an intelligible theory of the revelations of God to man which subjects. We declare it to be our satisfied the Oriental, and that there royal will and pleasure that none be was something in Christianity hostile in anywise favored, none molested to the self-consciousness of the East. or disquieted by reason of their re- Weare very glad, however, that he ligious faith or observances, but that did not say this as an Indian official. all shall alike enjoy the equal and Other words of this same ruler while impartial protection of the law, and in India came perilously near violating we do strictly charge and enjoin all the principle of religious neutral- those who may be in authority under ity, but it is not often that officials us that they abstain from all intercan be so accused. On the other hand, ference with the religious belief or men in high position have recognized worship of any of our subjects, on the great value of the work of the pain of our highest displeasure."

ITIlSSlOnary. So great an authority as Thus, government officers are fora Secretary of State once wrote in bidden to use their official position his report: "Missionaries have fre- in aid of any religious propaganda, quently addrest the Indian Govern- and most missionaries approve of ment on important social questions this principle. Sir Andrew Fraser, involving the welfare of the native in his new book, "India's Rajahs and community, and have suggested valu- Ryots," refers to it thus: "I have able improvements in existing laws." never consciously favored Christian Sir Andrew Fraser says, "To me it or Hindu or Mohammedan for his has always appeared intensely un- creed, and I have never used my satisfactory to find a government of- official influence in any way to under- ficer and a missionary standing aloof mine or change the faith of any man. from one another and regarding one But I have never regarded the prin- another with suspicion and dislike." ciple of neutrality as involving in- But this attitude is the exception, and difference or opposition to religion." on the whole most cordial relations prevail. The opinion of such an eminent of- ficial as Sir John Lawrence will be But that ideal relations or condi- worth listening to: "It is not postions do not exist is clear. sible to introduce Western learning Religious Neutrality and science into India without lead- The Edinburgh commission suggests ing its people to throw off their faith.

a "searching inquiry" into this point. If this position be correct surely we Does it or do we wish to recede from are bound to give them facilities for the position taken up by the late acquiring a knowledge of the true faith." "Vie believe that the for administering justice. In· many Bible is true, that it is the only means ways they were distinctly not neutral of salvation. Surely we should lend but favored the heathen religions and our influence in making it known to discriminated against Christianity.

our subjects. In respect to One would like to say this attitude teaching the Bible in government has long since passed away, but it is schools and colleges, such teaching not beyond the memory of many of ought to be offered to all those who us here to-night when a high official may be willing to receive it. But in India on more than one occasion we ought not to render attendance urged the adherents of nonchristian on such Bible classes compulsory or religions to stick to their old religi- obligatory." ous beliefs. Of such neutrality, it Such an idea as this is not an anti- has been said that it stands up so quated one, for Sir Mackworth straight that it leans over backward.

Young, in a lenten address on for- "The reiteration and enforcement of eign missions, in Cornhill, in 1902, neutrality has been good if only to speaking of the reason why in God's do away with favoritism to nonchris- providence such power had been tian religions." For my own part 1 given to the British in the East, said: have often tried to imagine where "No true believer in Jesus Christ will India would be to-day if there had fail to give the reply-that Christ been no neutral position, and if may be made known through the Christian rulers had governed as if length and breadth of the land. India they recognized the great benefits has been subordinated to us in order which had accrued to the British that we may communicate to her the Empire or other Christian countries secret of our own preeminence." from accepting Christianity. I be- These few words are sufficiently lieve India herself would have wel- weighty to show that all were not comed a less neutral attitude than and are not of one mind with regard that which she has experienced at to neutrality, and that a fairly liberal our hands.

interpretation might with justice be The Educational Situation placed upon the law. The policy of The Government has been unable to religious neutrality was inherited do all it desired for the education of from the Old John Company of pre- the people, owing to lack of funds. vious days. This was, however, more Many missions, as well as private in theory than practise, for the gov- individuals, have been willing to co- ernment of India as late as 1840 was operate with government in this re- contributing Rs. 53,000 annually to gard, and to expend large sums of the Puri Temple, and helped by money in permanent equipment and grants in many other cases. From a recurring expenses for the privilege Christian memorial presented to Par- of making education an end in itself nament in 1857 we find that idolatry as well as a means to the end of was subsidized, some of its immodest imparting religious instruction and rites attended by government of- of building up character in the youth ficials as the nautch is even to-day, of India. The government has hitherand caste arrangements recognized to welcomed this help and has made

grants-in-aid to such institutions, en- model high schools. This, they afabling them in many cases to do a firm, is to bl;! the beginning of a very efficient work. All such institu- scheme which will be applied to every tions have been under government district of the PreSidency. Such a inspection, but have been left entirely plan will mean (I) the prevention of free with regard to religious instruc- cooperation and the discouragement tion. of private effort by drawing away pupils to these model high schools. Thirty years after the Despatch of Thus, government becomes a competi- 1854, when the Commission of 1882 tor and not a helper; (2) it will remade its report, the Government was quire a very large increase in exmore in favor of private Indian effort penditure and will benefit a comparaas opposed to missionary agency. A tively small proportion. Missionary strong reason set forth for withdraw- education is only half as expensive ing was that private effort could as that given in government instiintroduce religious instruction which tutions; (3) it will prevent the imwas strongly desired. But it seems parting of religious instruction since to me that to say "that withdrawal government must remain neutral. Sir of departmental agency should not ~rthur Lawley, Governor of Madras, take place in favor of missionary said in December last, at the openbodies" is an unjust discrimination ing of the new C. L. S. building in against the Christian religion and a Madras, "I may say that we look violation of the principle of neutral- l1pon missionaries in this country as ity. Lord Curzon's Reform Policy our stalwart and valuable allies in of 1904 reaffirms the policy of with- that great branch of administration drawal, but adds: "The Government which is exciting so much interest of India at the same time recognize just now, viz., Education." Other the extreme importance of the prin- officials have affirmed their warm ciple that in each branch of educa- feeling for missionary educatior; and tion, government should maintain a missionary work, but notwithstanding limited number of institutions, both all this we need to be watchful that as models for private enterprise to our birthright is not divided or follow and in order to uphold a high snatched away altogether. Governstandard of education." Many have ment control is growing, and, from grave fears that this is contrary in all indications, will continue to do its actual operation to the policy of so. As Indians are given greater withdrawal, and that it may prove a power in legislative concerns the great menace to missionary educa- rights and privileges of missions may tion. As a matter of fact, govern- be curtailed. As educational reforms ment seems to be changing front in are making for greater efficiency the many points which will make it dis- enlarged expenditure is being thrust tinctly harder for missionary effort. in too great a proportion upon the In the Madras Presidency, the gov- mission school. ernment declared their purpose to take over from district and municipal One word with regard to teaching boards the management of nineteen religious and ethical ideals in schools secondary schools and to make them and colleges. Neither government,

nor Hindus, nor Mohammedans are Here little can be done and the Chris- satisfied with neutrality. Students tian must suffer, and show by his are given to insubordination, to ta- calm fortitude the superiority of his king part in .politics, and, in many adopted religion, at the same time instances, to immorality, and it is by his suffering, gaining in strength felt by many that the absence of and character. religious instruction is in large part responsible for this. Government may But there is a disability graver still overcome it from the ethical side by which he must suffer, even tho he care in the selection of trained teach- dwells under a government strictly ers, a high standard of discipline, by Christian in character. British India well-managed hostels, by carefully has its own laws and legislative selected text-books, and by closer as- bodies, but in many departments of sociation of teachers and pupils in law, such as inheritance and succestheir every-day life. Private agencies sion of property, adoption, marriage are not to be interfered with in re- and divorce, the great mass of the ligious instruction, and for this rea- population, both Hindu and Mohamson they should be encouraged and medan, are governed by the laws of aided in every possible way. Up to their own. For this reason the Inthe present time only Christian insti- dian Christian finds it difficult to obtutions have introduced such instruc- tain redress. Tho government has tion to any extent, but a perusal of passed some laws relating to these the report of the Allahabad Educa- questions with the Christian's rights tional Conference, held in February in view, others from the nonchristian of this year, shows considerable con- standpoint have been recognized by cern from our coreligionists in India, the government and legislative counand this agitation ought to produce cils. Missionaries should make such a healthful atmosphere. representations as will secure to Christians all the protection, rights Diaabilities of Indian Christians and privileges of law-abiding citi- zens. A recent case in Moradabad When a man in India gives up his of the right of Christians to draw ancestral religion, he usually becomes water from a public well serves as the subject of intense and bitter per- an illustration. Before baptism they secution. It is most difficult to get had had the use of the well. Two at or prevent this persecution, for years afterward they were denied the method, which rarely exceeds the the right to use water, and when bounds of the law, is petty and un- they attempted it, force was used. derhanded, but effectual, nevertheless. The case was taken to the courts, A man in an office whose superior and after a good deal of trouble and is a Hindu is almost sure to lose expense the magistrate decided in his post; if in business he is boy- favor of the Christians. Missionaries cotted; if in a hospital he sometimes should familiarize themselves with suffers indignities; his servants desert the law, and protect those whom they him; he is looked upon with scorn, receive into the Church in rights shunned and slighted for having which are without question theirs; broken faith with his old religion. if privileges are curtailed they should

take steps to secure larger freedom. under extraordinary circumstances, It is well to allow the Church to gain such as the possibility of bloodshed, strength by suffering, but it is better .Missionaries ought at least to have to provide just, equal and righteous the same rights as merchants and laws under which to live. traders, and they do not ask for A Mission's Consul special favors. The time has certainly come when A mission's consul would be very useful to represent grievances or any a careful investigation should be other matters to government on the made into all cases where impartial part of missionaries and mission treatment has been denied, and a boards. strong representation made upon the subject in the form of a memorial Feudatory States asking for a declaration' of policy.

There are six hundred feudatory This is all the more needed now states in India, which range from when such great changes are coming ancient kingdoms down to petty es- over the character of the Indian Gov- tates. In some cases the rulers are ernment, both in regard to territory kindly disposed to missionaries and under the direct control Elf the British their work, and the fullest toleration Government and also in the native is permitted. In others, they are States. The case of Nepal and Bhu- persecnted and harassed, converts tan is different. They are not vassal suffer, and it is difficult or impos- states tho they may be influenced by sible to secure rights of purcllasing the British Government. Here where property and building necessary entrance is forbidden, miss:onaries structures to carryon their work. should be careful since they are likely This attitude is probably due to fear to disturb the peace of people on that their authority may be under- both sides of the line. But the Gov- mined, but they soon learn that mis- ernment should not unduly prohibit sionaries are not there for political the entrance of such civilizing forces, purposes and that they teach observ- and missionaries should be on the ance of rule and order. These states lookout to make friends with, and tu are indirectly under the British Gov- help, these people when opportunity ernment, but the authorities will not arises.

interfere except when gross injustice .Many other questions might be demands it. Missionaries, too, are touched upon, but the time is gone.

loath to call upon an o'ltsi<le power Missionaries in India have very much for redress or help, for this irritates to be thankful for, and we may con- the ruling prince and interferes with gratulate ourselves that the relations the dignity of his position. So mis- between misisons and government, sionaries would rather patiently wait and between missionaries and indivi- until their work takes hold of such dual government officials, are as cor- officials and secures for them quietly dial as they are. I f more can be the rights they seek. Sometimes the done as between the two for a higher British Government has forbidden efficiency in mission work and a missionaries to enter native states, speedier bringing of Christ to the which action can only be justified people of India, it is our duty to do it.

EASY METHOD FOR INDIAN

BY J. KNOWLES m·1 N the Indian Empire the world, and for international in- there are 200 languages. tercourse. There are 50 alphabets -or, rather, syllaba- Out of all the methods of past ries. To print these times for handing down the knowl- in the native scripts edge of the past, the art of printing takes 20,000 different types. The books has survived. Mexican cords, types are most elaborate and compli- clay tablets, Egyptian papyrus, Indian cated. Could Babel be worse? Could palm leaves, have all yielded to manuthe adversary be supposed to raise a factured paper. Now is the Church's greater hindrance to missionary work? opportunity. In a booklet entitled Learning to read is a task of years, "Our Duty to India and Indian Illearning to write is the labor of a literates," a complete scheme for malifetime, printing becomes almost an king, reading, writing, and printing impossibility.. What does it all mean easier in India than anywhere in the from a missionary point of view? world is set forth in detail. Briefly, the scheme is as follows: There are only about fifty-three sounds in all the Indian languages As the ordinary Roman letters are put together, which require separate not sufficient to express all the reletters to distinguish them. In the quired Indian sounds, the phonotypic main the majority of the sounds are letters of Isaac Pitman and A. ]. common to all the languages of India, Ellis are added to them, with some and also, as might be supposed, from romanic letters for special Indian the fact that Sanskrit, Greek and soumIs. The result is a romanic code Latin are akin, common to Europe of fifty-three letters, which suffice to and America, Asia and Africa. In furnish an accurate transliteration, or short, the main sounds are common a practical phonetization, of all the to all languages. Then out of all languages, and all the dialects of the the different methods of expressing Indian Empire. An average of only sounds in writing the Roman letters 37 letters is required for anyone have proved themselves the most ef- vernacular. Of these, half the roficient. To-day the Roman letters are manic letters are so similar to the known all over the world. These two other romanic letters with similar facts give us a majority of common sounds that the task of learning to sounds and world-wide simple letters. read becomes a lightsome labor of Through the Babel of languages phi- mastering about twenty simple forms. lology and phonology have been pro- No capitals being used, and the Invided with a sphere of work for the dian languages being spelled phonetiworld. So far has the study pro- cally, the result is the minimum of grest that to-day thousands of Chris- time to pupil and teacher. Ten tians are being captivated by the idea simple half-hour lessons introduce of a world-wide language of the the illiterate to the reading of the simplest character, suitable for the Gospel. The letters are taken three embodiment of all the learning of all or four at a time, and with the first four letters the illiterate is shown

how letters combine into syllables and ficuIt to move? Why not make make words, and in five minutes he learning to read easier? Here we begins reading very familiar words. are at the twentieth century, and In seven lessons he is introduced to every mission using Roman letters parables, and ten lessons complete as they should be used phonetically the course. After that the reading has not the least difficulty in teachof the Gospel begins. ing the Christians to read. We have India, with 2,660,000 Indian Chris- Anyone who can speak an Indian tians, of whom 2,300,000 can not language and knows the ordinary read a verse of the Bible in their own Roman letters is able to read that mother tongues. Do our leading' Indian language in romanic letters wealthy Christians know, or are they after five minutes' study. As there indifferent? are over 1,125,000 in India "literate in English," there are plenty to teach Why does not the Christian Church the illiterate his letters. Further, demand that at least the option of anyone who has learned to read the Bible be given in such letters? English in phonetic print, following vVhen I was in India one of the Pitman's phonetic alphabet, with Latin questions discust was whether before pronunciation of the vowels, will, baptism a convert should be required after one lesson, be able to read any to be able to read. It could not be Indian vernacular so that tho he may insisted upon. But if the Bible were not know a word of the vernacular, printed in twenty simple letters it a hearer who does will understand would be a fair test of a convert's what is being read. desire to be a Christian.

As the same romanic letters with The Bible is being printed in Esthe same sounds will be used for all peranto. Why does not some one the languages, a native wiII not only offer a prize for the simplest method be able to teach an illiterate in his of teaching an illiterate to read his own vernacular. but he will be able to own mother tongue? Magazines go teach reading in the other vernacu- into ecstasies at the discovery of an lars he may not be able to speak.* old Greek inscription of 1600 B.C. in a syllabary made out of picture- The Baptist Missionary Society of writing. Is there one which will tell England have taken the types and llS the best method of teaching 278,- are going to begin in Oriya.The 000,000 illiterates to read in 200 lan- Scripture Gift Mission are also to guages? Let us have the very best issue Scripture texts. Why are the method which can be obtained for missionary and Bible societies so dif- using Roman letters for India and for China, and let us give these mil- * The whole scheme can be printed on a post- lions of illiterate Christians, and many more millions of illiterate noncard, and is printed, and :IvIr. J. Knowles will be christians, the Scriptures which we so greatly value. glad to send one on receipt of stamped address. For complete details please read "Our Duty to India and Indian Illiterates," from Christian Literature Society for India, 35 John Street, Bedford Row. London. W. C. (Postage fee, 7d.)

G. APPENZELLER, OF

BY REV. WILLIAM ELLIOT GRIFFIS, D.D., LL.D., ITHACA, N. Y. Author of HKorea J " HThc Her-mit Nation," etc.

HE figure of the soldier sowing, the toil, peril, pain, and tear- ful prayers of the pioneers of 1885. mT dominates all literature. The knight, of outward Henry Gerhard Appenzeller's spiri- panoply and inward tual cradle was in the (German) vows-the flower of Reformed Church of the United medieval Christendom States. Of Pennsylvania "Dutch"

,-still sways the imagination. VVar may be improved off the face of the earth, as we all pray, but the warrior spirit will remain. The lure of danger will ever attract the brave. The march- ing orders of the Almighty Father- "replenish and subdue"-still urges man on to vaster issues. Short but imperative is the command of the great Captain-"Go."

Nobler than sword or lance are the weapons of love. More entrancing to the lover of his kind is the figure of the knightly soldier who dares a~l for Christ. To face difficulties, in order to save his fellow men, seems more to make the measure of a man than winning the laurels on bloody fields of battle. When to the elan of the charge is added the patient HENRY GERHART APPENZEL LER toil of the builder, and the trowel is handled as skilfully as the sword, we ,.tock, which includes the Swiss and have indeed the ideal missionary. other strains from the great Teutonic Such seems the life of Henry Ger- Fatherland, he was descended frOIll hard Appenzeller, when seen in the the men of that Appenzell, in north- perspective of that quarter of a cen- eastern Switzerland and of Alpine tury which has made Korea, once in height, who by the labors of the hermit obscurity, the most hopeful of early medieval Irish missionaries of all of our mission fields. To-day, St. Gall were led out of heathenism when the prayers of a quarter of a into Christian light. Of good omen million of native Christians have is the name Appenzell, meaning the made a new Land of Morning Splen- "abbot's cell." Yet by God's ap- dor, we join gladly in the shout of pointment, the American Appenzell- "Grace, grace unto it." It would be er's religion was to be of another hard, indeed, to understand the Ko- type. He was to go out of the cell, rean harvest of souls to-day, without home, and seminary, into the world's the plow and harrow work, the seed- broad harvest-field, even into a coun-

try then nearly unknown, "which he he enlisted. Would that all young was afterward to receive as· an in- mIssIonaries were equally modest, heritance. But he obeyed, winsome and wise!

not knowing whither he went." To Behold how, in the sparrow-watch- him the problems of the Gospel were ing of a Providence that creates a not geographical, but human. "We universe, a pebble of circumstance have the same Gospel to preach, turns the course of a human life!

wherever God calls," he wrote in Young Appenzeller had at first no 1887 from Korea. special inward motive or outward He was born at Soudertown, lure to the foreign field. His idea Montgomery County, Pa., February was to labor at home. His room- 5, 1858, and was converted in 1877, mate at Drew, now the Rev. Julian under the evangelistic labors of Wadsworth, of Providence, R. 1., Mr. Fulton, at Westchester. He had, however, read a certain book, entered at twenty Franklin and Mar- "Korea, the Hermit Nation." Be- shall College, in Lancaster, from coming interested in the long forbid- which he was graduated in 1882. ding and forbidden land, he offered During his college course he became himself for work there, when the a Methodist, and under God his char- century-barred gates, by the Shufeldt . acter received spiritual reenforcement, treaty of 1882, had been set slightly and new conduits and channels for a ajar. Reading and talking about the joyous spirit were opened and ever strange peninsula had a curious ef- required outward expression of 111- fect upon his fellow students. In the ward joy. case of some, it made chairs sag be- Appenzeller heard the call to the cause of long hours and the keen ministry of grace, and believing that interest of chummy chat. Upon the best way to learn how to preach others the very name Korea seemed was to preach, he served in a small to furnish an escalator toward the mission in Lancaster. When the door and floors above.

leaves were falling in 1882, he entered Appenzeller attended the student Drew Seminary. At Bolton and convention of the Inter-Seminary Al- Green Village, N. L he gave his liance, at Hartford, Conn. There Saturdays to pastoral work, and his the missionary fire entered his bones.

Sundays to preaching. His Aquila For overpowering domestic reasons, and Priscilla were found in a dear Wadsworth could not go abroad. Ap- old couple, of whom the latter was penzeller sprang in the breach and an elderly woman of God, whose seized the opportunity, proudly call- hints to a young pastor and pulpiteer ing himself a "substitute." With his were worth more than minted eagles. bride, Ella J. Dodge, he was soon Appenzeller, young or mature, was in San Francisco, and on the eve a Puritan in ethical and spiritual life, of sailing was ordained by Bishop while ever a winsome bon homme to Fowler-even while, unknown to young and old. No wonder that in either, that bloody riot of December, Korea he won, not only the "heathen" 1884, had taken place in Seoul. This -but more wonderful, the mercantile unchaining of popular passions left Christians whose aid and sympathy the legation of Japan in ashes, and

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

the corpses of her murdered people Already, but newly, the medical doc~ unburied and eaten by dogs in the tors, H. N. Allen and M. B. Scranstreets, strewed the palace grounds ton, were on the ground. American with the dead of victims in the battle medica;! skill and surgery, so strikingly between the Nippon Islanders and demonstrated in sword and bullet the 01inese, led by China's man of wounds, had imprest the King. A destiny, Yuan Shi Kai. Arriving in royal hospital was established for Japan, and thence sailing farther Dr. Allen, while Dr. Scranton had west, it was their lot to arrive at already begun medical work in his 01emulpo, a seaport of the capital, ow n house. Rev. H. G. Underwood on Easter Sunday, I885. had arrived in April. Korean appli- A GROU P OF KOREANS. THE LITERARY SC H OLAR WEARS GLASS ES Nor yet was the height to be cants to study medicine were told gained, whence pinions might be un- they must know English. They apfolded for a swoop upon heathenism. plied to Mr. Appenzeller, and he be- Amid the political commotion, armed gan teaching. He opened a school camps, and impending hostilities of which in r886 had so imprest the rival forces, native and alien, it King that he honored it with a name seemed best to return to Japan for meaning Hall for the Training of a season. Useful Men, which has enjoyed a long career of blessing and benefit. Have we seen a bird breasting a Thus was Appenzeller the pioneer storm, giving way here, lowering of education in the Land of Morning flight there, rising and falling, yet Calm. From the first he took broad finally, despite opposing winds, vIews of mental discipline and culreaching the nest? So it was in I885. ture. Knowing well how science At last rest was found in the capital.

A KOREAN HOUSE CONVERTED INTO A MISSWNARY"S HOME helps to put the devils on the run, with an invisible weight of chains. he was eager to convert the terror- The bondage of official oppression breeding, imaginary population of the and a systematic cruelty that caricaair into harmless fairies. "Appie" tured government, obsessed the men. cared little for mere erudition un- Terrors in the air, overpopulated with hallowed by the spirit of Christ, or imaginary and malignant personalities for empty logomachy. "Foster," said and bestialities, mentally paralyzed his work-fellow, the novelist, "did the women. Horrible and disgustnot care a rap for theological hair- ing customs, caked and crusted upon splitting. What he wanted was the millions, were revealed to the bold old Gospel, in which he believed were explorer. The nastiness of old Kohidden all the treasures of wisdom rean materia medica seems incredible. and knowledge." We have called this "triumphant Quickly the full vistas of the great Pennsylvanian" an explorer. This uninvaded realms of disease, want, he was. He spied out the land Oll superstition, degradation, sin, vice horseback, through thousands of miles and misery unrolled before the new- of country. To the eye of observacomer, yet not to daunt, but to lure tion he added the insight of reflecto action. "Be of g08d cheer. I tion. He searched into the annals of have overcome of the world," were a land which, lying between two the words that rang in his ears and rival and often hostile countries, had fired his heart. Worlds upon worlds been devastated again and again by of contagion, infection, vileness and Chinese hordes and Japanese dr:nies. fear were crushing millions of souls In times past, Korea has been 51)

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

THE MAIN STREET IN SEOUL.. THE CAPITAL OF KOREA (CHOSEN) scraped and scooped of its works of have long ago hidden the ruins of art and invention as to seem to the cloisters, fanes, towns and cities. In traveler of to-day to contradict, by 1392, after one of the political revoits nakedness, the abundant witness lutions which placed in power the of written history as to the splendor recent dynasty-now happily wiped of its former garments of prosperity out forever-the popular religion was during its age of art and adornment, banned and curst. Then Confucianin the thousand glorious years of ism-the monopolistic cult of office- Buddhism. holders-tightened its anaconda grip, even to the throttling of popular "Glorious?" Yes. In epitome, the rights. The masses were left withhistory of the "Little Outpost State," out shepherds or teachers, to sink as the natives called their country to the nadir of fetishism and demon when a tributary vassal to China worship, with all their degradations. and prostrate under the shadow of the Middle Kingdom, is this. Out An army of nobles and office-holdof primitive savagery, three warring ers, who hated work as they feared kingdoms arose about the Christian tigers, lived on the public crib. Like era. Into the peninsula Buddhism vampires, they sucked the blood of came as a civilizing power. It up- the common people, making it imlifted the people above beast worship possible for the toilers to save money and covered the landscape with mon- or accumulate wealth. Added to civic asteries, temples and colossal stone oppression was the further incubus images (miryek). These still rise of one hundred thousand sorcerers, above the tall trees of forests that fortune-tellers, and geomancers of

both sexes. Like a glacier, they open ground under trees and on the ground and crusht humanity. No grassy inner slope of the city wa!lshouse could be built, or seed sown, came in A.D. r885 the knights of or grave-site chosen without a heavy Jesus. Into the streets of Seoul, the mulct upon the people. Na sick or capital which were cesspools, full of dying person but must be tortured humps and holes and open sewers, or tormented by the noisy and costly or heaped up with slops and refuse, exorCIsms. As for the number of Christ-filled men and women came house fetishes, spirit posts and devil with cleansing for body and soul. sluines, village idols of carved logs, Open house and a Christian home AN EARLY AMERICAN MISSION SCHOOL, SEOUL they were uncounted. If once loaded made a magnetic center of light and on freight trains, they could not be joy. In a chairless and bedsteadless hauled, even by an "Atlantic" type land, with logs of wood for pillows, of locomotive. Korea needed a spiri- or occasionally a stone, a Christian tual dynamite. home was an oasis. What if the welcomed women visitors, in their Into such a world- the men domi- delight at being raised up so high, nated by feng-shuey and by ancestor- perched on the backs instead of ocworship, which, with all its merits, is cupying the seats of the chairs? What yet the fruitful patent of debaucheries if pet dogs disappeared in the native and immoralities as yet uncounted by soup kettles? Some Americans, in any census; the women imprisoned their zeal, determined "to live like as in a demon-haunted dungeon of the natives." Yet even green misfear; the slaves, mostly female, sionaries soon learn veteran's wistreated when ill little better than pa- dom. These lovers of native fare riah dogs; the sick of contagious changed their rations when they saw, disease, exposed by thousands in the

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

cation of native work, in new ideas and in habits of promptness and new theories of light and ventilation. How the average Korean lives in such scantiness of sleeping area, on so slight a ration of oxygen, and amid such microscopic armies, ever on the jump, the crawl, or the fiy, with chronic eagerness to feast on alien blood, so that the exclusive use of one's own cuticle is an impossibility, passes the power of an American, used to linen sheets, to conceive. One felt a sympathy for sardines, to see the natives packed in the steam and foul air of little cubicles in the inns.

Nevertheless, as "the white lotus springs out of the black mire," so eho-sen is the land of glistening starch and of gentle manners. Daily, ont of hovels, gentlemen in 5now- GOIN G HOME FROM CHURCH The Basket Hat of Young ,Vornen in Korea- a Preventive Against Flirting stretched on the thatch to dry, the A KOREAN ATONEMENT OFFERING bides of the faithful Fidos, which. transmuted into soup, had "entered This image of straw is stuffed with a few coins the ministry." and cast out on New Year's Eve as an offering to evil spirits. What if codes, of ethics, of manners, and of diet, oceanically apart in· their evolution, clashed? "Appie" was imperturbable in his sunny, allconquering good nature. The love of Christ in him overcame his disgusts. It did rouse his ire to see women so abused and despised, even by the lofty native Pharisees. For lack of bridges, female travelers were often compelled to cross rivers in a way to make men point and guffaw.

Soon, as superintendent of the Methodist Episcopal Mission, he had a brick building for the school. By no means contemptible was the edu-

white garments emerge. However, assurance of faith, kept the elements as for the alleged relation of the tint in him well mixed; yet very rich in of average clothes of the common him was God's gift of a sense of folks to that of snowflakes, the state- humor. The lazy missionary, of either ment must be made mainly in the sex, "too fond of rocking-chairs"- aorist tense or historical present. there were such-the female crank They were white once. of uncertain age, too free in her public use of safety-pins to reform On itinerant journeys, or at home A SELF-SUPPORTING COUNTRY CHURCH FORTY MILES FROM PY ENG YANG in the daily routine of the study, woman 's costume and to humble those school, parish or pulpit, in mastering who were proud of their freely exthe lang uage, in visiting the sick, posed badges of motherhood, the comforting prisoners, helping the dy- flaming fanatic who was abusive of ing, inspiring the living, or preaching mission boards and all organizations the Word, Appenzeller was ever a -there were such-the proud heafilled motor. He was a son of con- then, the vile glutton, the sensual solation. Early in his laborious ca- brutes, the wife-beater and mutilator, reer we read in his letters abundant the conceived idolater, were all foiled signs of promise and continual words by "Appie's" wit, energy, example, of cheer. and imperturbable good humor.

Incessant industry, system, prayer, Nevertheless, it was not wholly and a good wife, a happy home, sym- safe to trifle with the Pennsylvanian, pathetic brethren, and, not least, the whose "Dutch" rose to the occasion.

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

WHO WILL ASIC ARE KOREANS WORTH SAVING? Episcopal Mission he showed him- self a first-rate business man, giving When lazy or impudent coolies passed Korea invaluable lessons. the limit of patience, or brutal bullies thought to overawe, or even alleged On Easter Sunday, 1887, as he royal messengers or presuming diplo- wrote, "I baptized a young Japanese, mats attempted to ride roughshod the first [Protestant] baptism in Koover th e rights of an American citi- rea. It was a joyous event. We zen, it was found, when it seemed hope to report soon the baptism of best to maintain these rights, that Koreans. "lvVe are carefully sowing Appenzeller could "do more than and the harvest will corne." In midpreach." summer, July 24th, the same year, he baptized his first Korean convert, In times of plague, pestilence and and on October 2d, another. Then battle, shut up in the insalubrious the Lord's Supper was enjoyed. Be- Seoul of old day s, or abroad, or on sides thus founding the first church horseback, as evangelist, preacher, (of the Methodist order), he began starter of printing-plant or book- the rearing of an edifice to hOL1se the store, or as Bible translator, Appen- growing congregation-the first Protzeller was a man of prayer and hope. estant foreign church building in Ko- Richly emotional, he was level-headed rea, which was, and is, an ornament and a man of supreme self-control. In to the city of Seoul. "The Vanguard"-a splendidly successful story of mi ssiona ry life, our To this "beginner of a better time," subject is depicted under the name possibly more than to any other one of "Foster." Other literary penmen man, belongs the credit of starting have depicted him in their sketches. The very poverty of Korea made CH lLD:REN ARJ:: CHILDREN 1'N XOREA ALSO him strenuous, from the fir st, in t raining the natives in self-support. As superintendent of the Methodist

most of the organizations for the Korean Asiatic Society was founded benefit of the foreign residents in the and Appenzeller acted as librarian. capital. None understood better than It was like breaching the walJs of a he the laws of the human mission- fortress with artillery to get a cemeary's economy and the conservation tery in which to lay the first and of his force. To continue in the quickly multiplying foreign victims of highest state of efficiency, the stran- local typhus, but finally a place for ger in a strange land, civilization and the dead was secured-"Our Macclimate, must have recreation in the phelah by the river," he called it. Ap- A KOREAN IRON FOUNDRY. LABOR MADE HONORA BLE BY MISSIONARY EFFORT ways of home to prevent nostalgia. penzelJer led in this strenuous effort Appenzeller led in establishlllg the and served for years as treasurer of Union Church, acted as its pastor, the corporation. The last lingering and opened his school for its services. terrors of the natives fled when the rifles of the Russian marines, that To secure physical stamina, con- fired a salute over the corpse of a stant efficiency, and mental stimulus, comrade, "shot away the demons." he and others formed the Seoul Union, where reading, conversation, He acted as custodian of the tennis, and outdoor games could be Methodist Episcopal Sunday-school enjoyed. He was a leading spirit in Union and Tract Society, himself organizing picnics amid the grand writing, translating and publishing forests and inspiring scenery of the many of these brief Gospel messages mountains. To investigate the his- to the people-serving for years as tory, customs and life of the Korean president. He started and for four people, in order best to understand, years edited the weekly (Methodist approach, teach and win them, the Episcopal) Korean Christian Advo-

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

cate. The Methodist Publishing How that light-giving Word starts House, destined to wide usefulness, the devils on the run, makes homes was founded in r888. It became an that were once habitations of cruelty industrial school for boys, while Ko- and fear the abodes of peace and joy, rea's great need-the honorableness creates a highway of holiness and of work-was taught by precept and furnishes an infallible tonic for the example. A bindery and book de- hearts and intellects for millions! Ficpository were soon added. If any- tion in statement, substance in fact A – CHRISTIAN FAMILY IN KOREA Four Generations-Mr. Hong ]fosksa, His -:v1other, '''life, Sons, Daughters-in-Law and Grandchildren thing, next to the Gospel, is needed is this snap-shot sentence from "The among the upper class natives to re- Vanguard": "Foster's hair grew construct Korea, it is the idea that gray, however, for however much the even manual work is noble. ringing laugh sounded out from the translating room, no one gave more Greatest of the monuments of Ap- heart and soul to this all important penzeller's labor is his work in trans- work." lating the New Testament. Vivid is the picture in ."The Vanguard," of For seventeen years God permitted the scholarly personalities, native and His joyous servant to excel not only alien, the texts consulted and the la- in the impartation of light and inbors of the makers of the Korean spiration to his fellows, but also in Version of the Word of God, now the gifts of manipulation and adstudied by over 200,000 eager Chris- justment. Appenzeller was "thoroughtians. ly furnished unto every good word

and work." In his iJume the first tence-"He saved others." In the white American child born in Korea little Japanese steamer, Kumagawa blest his life. "A little child shall M aru, he embarked to fulfil the calI lead them." None can tell how much of duty. At sea, on the foggy night good the Heavenly Father permitted of June II, about 85 miles from that baby unconsciously to do. Two Chemulpo and 10 miles from the other daughters and a son who, from shore, in a collision between two Princeton and Drew, following his steamers of the same line, it would father in this curriculum as in his have been easily possible to have chosen work-will, God willing, serve saved his own life. But, thinking his Master in the Korean field. also of others, he went first to arouse THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL MISSION COMPOUND AT KONG JU To orthodoxy of faith, Appenzeller his Korean teacher and a little native joined the orthopraxis of life. In girl under his care. The ship sunk the rush of activities, in the shock suddenly. His body found "a vast of battle with superstition and vice, and wandering grave." Yet, "to live his faith in God was ever serene and in hearts we leave behind is not to at times gently hilarious. He lived die." Korea keeps his name. The to see hospitals, trained nurses, words of T. De'Vitt Talmage's fachurches, crowds of inquirers, and vorite hymn pictures the saints' glothousands at the Lord's Table, with rioLls hereafter! promise of tens of thousands to come. "From the roaring surge they come. When at last the summons from Sinking in the ocean brine. his Captain came, the story of his manner and way of meeting Him face Jesus caught them from the flood. to face may be epitomized in a sen- Lo! How bright their garments shine Blanched in the Redeemer's blood."

TALBOT

A MISSIONARY WITH AN INTERNATIONAL MISSION BY DELAVAN LEONARD PIERSON ~I T was an impressive known save by Him whose Spirit has scene ~hen, fift~ years been bruised in the same contest, after careful consideration, and after . ago, 111 the CIty of seeking the Spirit of God as wisely as I could, I felt it was impossible Philadelphia, a young man came before the Methodist Episcopal for me to refuse. The only point Conference in the Union Church and at which I found any obstacle was in announced his readiness to go as a my aged and almost infirm parents.

missionary to India. In those days I asked' my father, and with that this was an unusual event. India stern, old, puritanical spirit, he said, seemed far removed from civiliza- 'My boy, go and do your duty, even tion' and work in that fever-laden tho you die in it.' Then my mother, climate, among men bitterly hostile with all a mother's tenderness, said, to Christ and his messengers, was a 'Oh, my boy, I had rather die with- heroic and difficult task. To-day, in out a crust than that you should neg- the twentieth century, when hundreds lect your duty.' Then I told Bishop are going on business and pleasure in Janes that I would go."

a comparatively short and comfort- Nearly fifty years later a white- able way, it is a very different mat- haired man of eighty, feeble in body ter. Bishop Janes, the presiding of- but still young in heart and active in ficer of the Conference, introduced mind, entered the church where an- the young Christian volunteer as John other Methodist Conference was in T. Gracey. In response the young session. It was at Rochester, New man, then thirty years of age, said York, in October, 1908, and Dr.

in a voice full of emotion: V{illiam V. Kelley was speaking.

"I am not certain, Bishop Janes, Suddenly, with a simultaneous im- that I can so get the mastery of my pulse, the whole Conference rose to feelings as to speak to the Confer- their feet to honor the aged servant ence. Ten years of sober deliberation of God who came down the aisle and judgment forced me to the con- leaning on the arm of his son. He clusion that I ought not, and that who was thus honored was the same I could not, without neglecting a who in his youth enlisted for India.

duty, refuse the call of the Church to Between these two impressive scenes serve them anywhere, even tho it many events had transpired to be the farthest spot on this earth. strengthen and deepen and broaden Without my seeking, and I believe the life of the man. His influence without any intimation, of anything had reached out into all the earth, in that direction at this time, Bishop and many were ready to rise up and Simpson called upon me a few days call him blessed. Few years were since and asked that I would consent granted him in India, but his call to go to India. After a struggle of back to the homeland was a sum- forty-eight hours, such as is not mons to still wider fields of service. AT THE AGE OF SEVENTY Preparation replete with living forms, busy and John Talbot Gracey came of old beautiful, but to none of them ex- Colonial Quaker ancestry, some of cept man is given the dignity of part- whom were associated with William nership with the Eternal in His stu- Penn in early Colonial days. His pendous schemes. Come what wiIl, mother's forefathers also included the question of my obligation to go early pioneers, who came to America in 1744 in search for liberty of con- science. They had bravely fought for national independence in the Colonial and Revolutionary wars. John was born in Philadelphia, September 16, ]83 I, and after a regular academic education became a student in medi- cine. He feIt, however, that there were more men able and willing to minister to the body than to the soul, and came to see that the spiritual ministries are eternal while the phys- ical are at best but temporal. He, therefore, left the study of physiology and anatomy for the study of the- ology and true psychology. His min- istry began in the Virginia Confer- ence of the Methodist Church (South) in 1850. Later he moved to the North and joined the Pennsylvania Conference, in which he labored for ANNiE RYDER GRACEY ten years.

In I8S7 he married Miss Annie at the command of the Church can Ryder, of Delaware, the daughter of never be questioned. I pray that I Rev. Wm. Ryder. She had become a may be able to make of my life one Christian in early life, and after com- perpetual missionary speech in India."

pleting her college education with Life and Work in India high honors, and teaching for four years in the college where she was With his young and noble wife the graduated, she cast her lot with that virile missionary set sail in June, of the young Methodist minister. 1861, on a sailing vessel with only Then came the call to India, to which fifteen sailors, laden with ice, and they so nobly responded. bound for Calcutta. From the In- In his farewell ·address in the dian Ocean, three months later, he Green Street Church, which assumed wrote : "We have had considerable his support, Mr. Gracey said: experience and considerable monotony "Heaven has come nearer already. in our voyage, which has been over In going to India we will be co- three months. It is a long time to workers with God. The world is be deprived of the privilege of hear-

ing fr0111 friends. In look- yond description. Our health is un- exceptionable, our spirits fine, and ing back I am surprized that we altogether we are as happy as the day is long. We have never for one should spend nearly four months in moment regretted our step; indeed, we are more and more convinced the trackless waste without accident, each day that it was the right course for us to pursue." altho we have passed through many They first settled in 5itapur, being terrible storms. Plato was once at the first white people to pass through the territory after the terrible Indian sea, and on returning, was asked by mutiny a few years previous.

some one to tell them the greatest Five months from the day he set foot in Calcutta, Mr. Gracey preached wonder of the deep he had seen; his a sermon in Hindustani in the Ba- zaar. Most of the missionaries do reply was, 'The greatest wonder is, not attempt to do this until after having been in the country for over that from the sea to the shore I ar- a year.

rived safely.' Rev. William VV. Hicks, one of his early colaborers and companion on "Our route took us very near the many a jungle tour and bazaar preaching experience, writes: coast of Brazil. After leaving the "When Dr. Gracey arrived in India southeast trade-winds we made he found the harvest was great and ripe, but the laborers were few. There straight for the Cape of Good Hope. was William Butler, our leader, the brave, impulsive, enthusiastic-an em- During one storm the captain deemed bodied hope. There was James M. Thoburn, who had just arrived, small it expedient to 'heave the ship to,' in stature but big in every other way, full of the foretaste of triumph. or, in the language of 5t. Paul, 'when There was Humphrey and his deli- cate helpmeet-the sweet poet of our we could not bear up into the wind, little band. There was Parker, the fearless torch-bearer into the dismal we let her drive.' All sail was habitations of ignorance and cruelty. There was Waugh, the plodding stutaken in, the wheel lasht, as the men dent, modest, grave and ever under- valuing himself and his labors. could not guide it any longer. We Last of all, there was the beloved John T. Gracey, with whom I travdrifted about wherever winds and eled, prayed, studied, wept, hoped, suffered and wrought. waves carried us. Everything was In making the Gospel Message done that man could do, and we were known in school and bazaar, Gracey at the mercy of Providence for more than two days. Vve have read his- tory, biography, poetry, etc. We have had times of joy and times of home- sickness and weeping; this we can't help, for our hearts will long for those who are thousands of miles away."

Later, in December, 1861, he writes from India: "It seemed like begin- ning a new existence when we left the old ship and stept upon the shore in Calcutta. What a new creation burst upon us! As we traveled up country we went 600 miles in only eight days by horse dak, day and night. We stopt during the heat of the day and changed horses every four miles. The country through which we traveled was beautiful be-

was very active and very successful. food to the hungry, or medicine to Ve used to go out early in the morn- the sick. We found that in the hour ing to a near-by village, and under of death kind, Christly words were as friendly trees or in a small bazaar welcome to Hindu as to Christian large crowds would gather, sit on ears. the soft, warm earth, and listen to the story we loved to tell. Often we "Hardships there were, which do would be interrupted by the inquiry not now beset the missionary's way. of an aged man or a little boy. Once, 11any stones have been removed when we visited one of these villages, which we could not even budge in Gracey told the story of the Prodigal those days, altho we lacked not faith Son, and awakened great interest for or courage. We were but humble some of the listeners knew the Hindu pioneers, and we wrought with what story of a prodigal son who was wisdom and strength we had, looking found in rags and inherited his forward and upward to the glory that father's great wealth. We could see was to come." the faces brighten as the speaker told of the loving yearning of the Heav- Mr. and Mrs. Gracey subsequently enly Father for his prodigal sons and settled in Bareilly, and then in N aini daughters. Tal. In May, 1867, he made a jour- ney on foot with two or three of the "'Why does not our Father Him- other missionaries into the interior .self come?' asked a grandfather who of the mountains. They took their stood near by with his two grandsons own tent, horses, servants and food. by his side. At night, after marching about fif- teen miles a day, they camped out, "Then came the opportunity to tell sleeping on the ground. them that He had indeed come in the person of His well-beloved Son, and Mr. Gracey was the first secretary had told the Father's love for us and of the Methodist Indian Conference, had showed it by His life and death. and in 1867 became the president.

"'Tell us another story, sahib,' Of these events James M. Thopiped the old grandfather, and in re- burn, then one of his colleagues in sponse we told them of the woman's India, now the honored bishop, lost piece of silver, and gave the writes: meaning. "At the first Conference Mr. Gra- "After the meeting was over the cey was elected secretary, and marked old man brought his two grandsons out the line of procedure which has that we might pray over them and been followed ever since. He was place our hands on their heads in afterward the first missionary elected blessing. Tears flowed while we did president in the absence of a bishop, so. and proved himself well qualified for the post. Later, in 1868, he was "In many places we found lepers, elected to the Methodist Conference or consumptives, or other men and in America, so that he had the diswomen and children starving by the tinction of being the first delegate roadside. To these Gracey was al- sent from India to the General Conways a good Samaritan, dropping a ference of the Church. At that ascoin into the leper's bowl, giving sembly he acquitted himself with

honor, and secured for India the per- ester, Syracuse and Buffalo he served manent right of representation. several churches, and was for one term "But he was not strong enough presiding elder.

physically for work in India, and In 1876-77 Dr. Gracey visited the as Mrs. Gracey was in poor health, missions in yVest Africa, coasting they were advised to take up work in along the shores for some 2,000 miles America instead of returning to their on his tour of investigation of the chosen field." Methodist missions. On his way home Dr. T. J. Scott, another of the he visited France and Spain. Dr.

early Methodist missionaries to In- Gracey's editorial work was extensive, dia, writes of Dr. Gracey: "He was not only in the periodicals of his own a very companionable man, and his denomination! but in wider fields. A home in India was wide open to hos- small handbook on China, a mission- pitality when, anon, we turned up ary guide-book, and several other dusty and jaded from our travel by volumes came from his pen. In 1883 'coolie' or 'dak-gari.' Nothing was he organized the International Mis- too much trouble for him and his sionary Union, composed of all those wife to do for his friends. Their who had served a term on foreign house was at once a parsonage and fields. Dr. T. J. Scott calls it "The a sanatorium. Great Campfire of the World." This "Dr. Gracey's ample brain, ready has now I,500 members, whose object speech, and facile pen during seven is to promote missionary fellowship years in India made him a potent and to increase missionary interest factor in laying broad and deep foun- and effectiveness. For nearly thirty dations for the Methodist mission years Dr. Gracey was the genial there." president, by his tact and good cheer, So it was that, after less than seven his wit and wisdom, guiding the or- years' labor in India, Mr. and Mrs. ganization and winning the coopera- Gracey were obliged to give up and tion of strong men and women.

enter again into work at home. When the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF For two years after his return to THE WORLD was transferred to Dr.

America Mr. Gracey was in the em- Arthur T. Pierson in 1888, Dr. Gra- ploy of the Missionary Society of his cey became one of the associate edi- church, spending much time in speak- tors, and continued to render effect- ing and writing in the interest of ive service in world-wide interna- miSSIonS. For one year he was pro- tional and interdenominational circles fessor of historical theology in Drew for over twenty years. Dr. Gracey Theological Seminary, and won an was invited to speak at the World enviable reputation as a scholar and Missionary Conference in London in thinker, and as an able orator on I888, and again rendered valuable pUlpit and platform. aid in guiding the intricate business In 1872 he was transferred from of the Great Ecumenical Conference the Philadelphia Conference to that in New York twelve years later.

of Central New York (the Genesee About eight years ago, at the age Conference), of which he remained of seventy-two, Dr. Gracey suf- a member until his death. In Roch- fered from an apoplectic stroke, which

TALBOT GRACEY

would have caused most men to give see and voice the need for woman's up the battle of life, but which only work for woman in heathen lands.

partially incapacitated this faithful "'hen they were compelled to return warrior. His mind was still active to America she promptly identified and his heart was young, so that he herself with the newly formed "Wom- surrendered only so far as it was an's Foreign :Missionary Society,"

absolutely necessary. and later for twenty-three years was In 1901, with characteristic hU111or, corresponding secretary of the Board.

he sent to the writer a newspaper clip- Mrs. Gracey was an able writer, ping which he deemed over-generous, speaker, and organizer, and rendered and entitled it "Gracey's Obituary." very important service on the litera- This tribute, from the first Methodist tme committee of her own Church Church in Rochester, shows that this and on the Woman's United Mission prophet was held in honor in his own Study Committee. She pays a tri- country. It says in part: bute to woman's work, and records "As a speaker and writer on mis- its importance as author of a book sions he has come to stand for the on "Eminent Missionary Women.'

best in this greatest of Christian en- In the home Mrs. Gracey was first terprises. Nobly seconded by his de- of all a devoted wife and mother.

voted wife, who wields a pen not Outside duties did not cause her to second to his own, they are jointly neglect these. One who knew her doing a great work for the Master. well quotes as true of her the words Dr. Gracey is in great demand as a of King Lemuel, the prophecy that lecturer on all phases of the mission- his mother taught him: "She looketh ary question and on ethnic religions. well to the ways of her household "He is worthy of the highest trib- and eateth not the bread of idleness.

ute that can be paid either to his dis- Her children rise up and call her tinguished ability or to his honored blessed; her husband, he also praiseth career but for those of us who know her."

him it # is, after all, the man and Four years ago, in February, 1908, friend that we love. His genial na- almost on the eve of their golden ture, true friendship, and his fellow- wedding anniversary, Mrs. Gracey ship with God cause a great host to was suddenly called home, and left pray that for many years 'his bow her husband, son, and two daughters may abide in strength.' " sadly stricken. Dr. and Mrs. Gracey Not long after this notice appeared 110t only devoted themselves, but gave in reference to himself, Dr. Gracey their substance and brought up their also sent us a clipping (February, family to the work of God. The son, 1902), marked, "Mrs. Gracey's Obit- V. A. Gracey, is editor of the Geneva uary-but not dead yet, thank God." Daily Times; one daughter, Lilly Under her photograph he had marked Ryder Gracey, has had wide experi- in his characteristically clear hand, ence as a newspaper writer, and an- "Isn't she lovely?" She sympathized other daughter, Frances Ida Gracey, with her husband in his ideals and was an invalid for many years, but always actively joined him in his was widely known for her beautiful work. She was one of the first to character and heroic nature. She also

succeeded in many ways in promoting Speaking at the meeting in prepa.

the cause of missions, and from her ration for the Ecumenical Conference room in the sanatorium at Clifton in 1900, he emphasized the great Springs, for two years she conducted advantage of a world-wide vision on a campaign to raise $5,000 for a the one hand, and increased solidar- hospital for cripples in China. Soon ity of Christian forces on the other.

after her father's decease she, too, He said in part: went to join her beloved parents, but "As separate bodies we have been before her departure had nearly com- too much studying the origin of spe- pleted the desired sum. cies, until we are saturated more or The large labors and high ideals less with our denominationalism. All appealed to Dr. Gracey. His was no these denominations represent his- small-caliber task. He was peculiarly tory, and each stands for an idea.

fitted by education and by tempera- Methodists can do some things bet- ment for the great work of winning ter than Presbyterians; Presbyterians the world to Christ. His labors were can do some things better than Bap- not confined to his own city or de- tists; Baptists can do some things nomination, but to the world, and he better than Episcopalians. We want served all classes and all churches. to find out without sacrificing any of He was optimistic and energetic, and our individuality the mighty idea the greatest hardship he was called back of that denominationalism, so upon to bear, next to the separation that we may adjust these into a from his beloved wife, was enforced mighty solidarity. After Magenta inactivity in the Master's service. the army of France and Italy had to His was a singularly rounded char- march through a great forest of low acter, and while he conceived and trees. The men could not see each exprest great ideas, he gave vent to other; only a few hundreds on either playful but never irreverent humor. side and they were deprest. Then they On one occasion, at a meeting of deployed out into the great plain, the International Missionary Union and hundreds and thousands and tens at Clifton Springs, he spoke earnestly of thousands of them were put into in favor of "Church Union," espe- line of battle, and as their bayonets cially in missionary work. It was bristled in the sun, they gathered before the movement had become mighty courage. They were just as popular. He said: near to each other an hour before.

"This is a great work in which There were just as many of them, we are engaged, and little differences but they did not feel the thrill and must be set aside. We need closer inspiration of the mighty multitude.

union and more perfect cooperation The next day was Solferino! So I if we are to win this world to our think we will get closer together and Lord and Master. We already have begin to ask what there is that we something of this union and coopera- can do, not in divisions only, but as tion. We Methodists draw the poor a solid army."

sinners out of the mud, the Baptists Dr. Gracey died in Gifton Springs, wash .them, the Presbyterians 'blue' N. Y., on January 5th, last, after them, the Episcopalians starch them." a long and tedious iIlness. His

1:2] JOHN TALBOT GRACEY 29

funeral services were attemled by Dr. William V. Kelley, ellitor of many who honored him highly, ami the Methodist Review, also paid a appreciative words were spoken. Dr. loving tribute when he said: Ward Platt, secretary of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Mis- "I have come close to him in the sions, said: unofficial years of his life, when he was not busy with a multitude of "To meet this man was to be stimu- things, not girded like a soldier, but lated from the first even to the last at ease and simply himself, with all of the interview. To enter that home his thought and all his heart given to in Rochester, where every member you as you sat down beside him, in was wedded to a world purpose, was the simplicity of his personality apart to be lifted out of a rut and launched from all official offices or activities of in an orbit. life. From the first time I saw this man until now there has been some- "He was a prodigious worker, and thing gallant in him. He took his yet he was bound by no regular rules wounds like a soldier. He was chivof labor. It might be at any night alric, princely in nature; courtesy hour or any time of day that he took was inborn, and he had a delicate up his tasks, and yet it was by a deference to others. He was a splenmethod so overpowering that you did optimist. He dared to believe just wondered at the quantity and the his religion and to venture upon it quality of the literary productions. in confidence and faith.

"He was a true representative of "The buoyancy of the man was the 'Holy Catholic Church,' and in very delightful, and so we would rethe last essence a Methodist. Method- member his laughter. He filled life ism could have no better defender with laughter. One of the things I of its beliefs and of' its spirit, and can not help remembering him by yet he was far more. He was at one was that magnetic laugh, so explosive with every circle which was at home at times. with Jesus Christ! Two Presbyterian ministers in Rochester were wont to "In his last days of illness I found speak of him as their assistant pastor, him one night deprest, and I could so often had he ministered to their not understand exactly what he was congregation." trying to say. I said, 'Say that over again, please.' 'Be calm, and sink Rev. J. Sumner Stone, D.D., of into His will,' he said;' 'my mother's hymn.' It was a part of the hymn: N ew York, spoke from long personal acquaintance when he said: "Who fed thee last, will feed thee stilI, "Dr. Gracey left behind him what Be calm and sink into His will." seems to be a cloud of glory, as illustrated in the transformed lives of Thus passed from the realm of toil men and women who came in contact and suffering to the realm of rest and with him-a life like a ship leaving glory, this servant of God. After behind a silvery streak in the ocean. eighty years, his soul took flight as he laid his armor down and wel- "In Dr. Gracey's life sacrifice was comed the passing over the river that a broken alabaster box-a shattered he might rejoin his beloved wife in shell left, but the fragrance will go the presence of his King. on down through the ages."

A NATIVE VIEW OF INDIA'S EVANGELIZATION *

BY MR. P. O. PHILIP, B.A. lIi~sionary of the National lIissionary Society. Karwar, Canara.

( gT HE evangelization ofr~J our countrymen are by no means les:: India-this is a phrase remarkable. which so.unds familiar Witness, for instance, the new enough III our ears j movement which goes by the name of neo-Hinduism-the Arya Samaj but it conveys to most of our minds nothing in northern India, the Brahmo Sa- more than ideas akin maj, Prarthana Samaj and other to those aroused by the thought of similar Samajams in eastern and an unrealizable ambition or a pious western India, and theosophy in hope. Are not the leaders of our southern India-all these are evimissionary societies entertaining vis- dences of the prevailing dissatisfacionary ideas in hoping that India tion of the educated Hindus with will ultimately become an integral popular Hinduism. part of the kingdom of Christ? What The antichristian attitudes these is the actual situation? Are our movements generally assume show fears justified by a survey of the past that they are conscious that the citaachievements and the present work- del of Hinduism is in danger. The ing of the Christian forces in this methods of imitation they adopt in great nonchristian land? Have we their work and the way in which they sufficiently taken into account all the read noble Christian truths into the resources that are within our reach confessedly immoral stories of their for this great work? What part have Puranas and Shastras show further we Indian Christians as individuals that Christianity is the cause of this and as a Church in this work of religious awakening. "We have in enthroning Jesus Christ in the hearts Hinduism all that your boasted Chrisof the millions of our fellow coun- tianity can give us, and a great deal more"-this is the position that is trymen? fast taking foot in the minds of the educated Hindus as the result of It can no longer be said of modern these new movements. India, as was once the case, that she is unmoved by the new forces of re- It is certain that neo-Hinduism will ligion and civilization that are oper- be the greatest opponent of Chrisating upon her. The hackneyed tianity in India in the near future. lines: The movement is yet young, not even thirty years old, and confined to the She let the legions thunder past, upper classes, but in future years, And plunged in thought again, are no longer true of the modern with the advancement of education, conditions of our land. We need not the large middle-class population will at present stop to consider the re- also be brought within its sweep j markable changes that have taken and great will be the proportions as- place in the space of the last seventy- sumed by this antichristian movement.

five years in the social, intellectual Hard and long will be the struggle, and moral outlook of the Hindu. but there can be no doubt as to the They are of importance to us only ultimate result, if only we maintain in so far as they show beyond a our privileged position as faithful doubt that the protective armor of and intelligent fellow workers with Hinduism has been pierced, and God.

pierced beyond recovery. But the There are already signs of life in changes in the domain of religion, the dry bones of India's missions as such, that have taken place in the which are full of hope. I do not last twenty or thirty-five years among want to appeal to statistics for the * From The Bomooy Guardian. Part of an address given at the Y. M. C. A. Students' Camp, Pallavaram, near Madras. obvious reason that the results of the Lord talked with him and commis- secret working and the actual growth sioned him to bear witness to small of the Kingdom in any country can and great of the Gospel of His grace.

not be tabulated in figures. I would, Nor is there any reason why we on the other hand, try to focus your should doubt his testimony, for noth- attention on certain facts which to ing short of a heavenly vision can my mind are more convincing than account for the great change that any amount of statistics. The mighty has t<.ken place in him. For four spiritual revivals and the wonderful years and more he has lived a con- cases of individual conversion we sistent and fearless Christian life in meet with in different parts of the the regiment. Sometimes he visited country are sure signs of the work- his English officers in their tents, and ing of the Spirit of God. The recent after a smart salute, has knelt down revival in the Khassia Hills, As- and prayed in Hindi and immediately sam, led to the conversion of thou- departed. On one occasion he was sands and to the quickening of the rebuking his comrades of sin and Church all over the land. Such re- they caught him by the ear and vivals show that when God begins to dragged him for a distance of two work, the most serious difficulties miles along the road. He went to which we in our limited and blurred the hospital for some weeks in con- vision are accustomed to look upon sequence of this cruelty, and it was as big mountains are overcome in a found that some of his aural nerves moment. So also the accounts of in- were permanently injured. But he dividual conversion under the most rejoiced to be counted worthy to suf- unexpected and, humanly speaking, fer for Christ's sake, and when asked the most impossible conditions which to disclose the names of his perse- we meet with in the annals of many cutors he refused. To-day he is of our missionary societies show that spending his hard-earned holiday Christ is as truly working in our preaching the Gospel in Nepal, his land to-day as in any other land or native country, a land which is closed in any other age. Yes, He is the to Christian missionaries. "I have same yesterday, to-day, and forever, known him for four years and I have whether in Asia or in Europe, in In- not met a more simple-hearted, brave dia or in Korea. and enthusiastic disciple of the Mas- The Story of Guman Singh ter"-such is the testimony which a well-known English worker gives of In the year 1905, during the great him. Christ has begun His good and revival of spiritual life among the gracious work in our land and His Khassia people there was quartered kingdom is making headway in India in Shillong, the capital of the Khas- in ways and manners we do not al- sia Hills, a Gurkha regiment. There ways know. Let us, therefore, be was a bandsman in this regiment, confident of this very thing that "He Guman Singh by name, who had pre- which hath begun a good work in viously known nothing of Christ or us will perform it until the day of Christianity. During the time of the Jesus Christ."

wonderful revival he felt an irre- Have we sufficiently taken into ac- sistible impulse to go to the church count the resources that are within where many were assembled day and our reach for the accomplishment of night, and where God was doing this great work?

marvelous things. He understood I would now try to direct your nothing of the Khassia language, but thoughts to the greatest of all our he is to-day a humble believer in resources, to the living God, domi- Christ. He attributes his conversion nating, possessing and using all fac- to an independent revelation of the tors and influences to work out His person of Christ. He affirms that the eternal purposes concerning our land.

No lesson of missionary experience sionary enterprise in our land so has been more fully, impressively and limited? Why is it that we find no convincingly taught than that apart large accessions to the Christian from the divine working all is inade- Church from the ranks of those who quate. Our well-organized mission- are most influenced by Christian ary societies, activities, methods and thought? Is it not because so many plans are of no avail if they are not Christians, let us say so many of us, inaugurated, directed and sustained fail to fulfil the conditions required by Him. "Except the Lord build for the forthputting of the divine the house they labor in vain that power? An ordinary steel cable, look- build it." It was the firm conviction ing like so many yards of twine, may in the practical availability of the il- lie idle in the bazaar. But you in- limitable resources of the Heavenly sulate it properly, and connect it with Father which enabled and still en- a dynamo, and it becomes the channel ables many a servant of God to dare for conveying the mysterious electric. and to do great things. in His name, current into its practically illimitable more than the need for money, more powers of lighting and driving ma- than the need for men, and more chinery. Two simple conditions, in- than the need for any of the re- sulation and perfect contact, make the sources which are, after all, of the whole difference. What we also want earth earthy, what we want to-day in to-day in our spiritual life is exactly our churches and mission fields is the same. We should be saved from the faith which will enable us to selfishness, insulated, as it were, draw largely from "the unsearchable against the inroads and suggestions riches of Christ." Adoniram Jud- of the world and self, and we should son, the apostle of Burma, in one of also preserve an unbroken connection the darkest periods of the history of with the abounding and never-failing missions, confronted by an almost source of superhuman power, the dyunbroken line of heathenism, and namo of our spiritual life, even Jesus without any trace of a hopeful fu- Christ the eternal Son of God. ture beyond, was able to write to the American Christians: "If they ask Now with regard to the first conwhat promise of ultimate success is dition. How could this insulation be here, tell them, 'as much as there is effected? By surrendering ourself, an almighty and faithful God who our whole life unconditionally to the will perform His promises and noth- Lord Jesus Christ. This is not an ing more.' " Yes, it is this superhuman easy thing to do. Christ Himself factor in the evangelization of India makes no attempt to conceal the difwhich should grip our souls. Elimi- ficulties of discipleship. He wants nate the supernatural from our mis- every would-be follower of His to sion work and the next moment the sit down and count the cost at the whole thing will reduce itself to the outset, so that it may not be said of level of a huge humanitarian social- him, "This man began to build and service movement and nothing more. was not able to finish." His words are very plain and quite uncompro- Causes of Limited Success mising. "If any man come to Me and hate not his father and mother We have seen that the situation in and wife and children and brothers India is, on the whole, one which and sisters, yea, and his own life also, should strengthen us in our confi- he can not be My disciple." "Whodences in the final victory of our soever he be of you that forsaketh Master. We have also seen that we not all that he hath, can not be My have in our Almighty Father all the disciple." "Except a corn of wheat resources necessary to meet and to fall to the ground and die it remainovercome the greatest difficulties. eth alone, but when it dies it yields Why, then, is the success of the mis- much fruit." Yes, following Christ

NEGLECTED FIELDS OF AMERICA

may mean to you and me the giving tudes of His devoted followers; if up of some of our cherished ambi- the longing of your heart is, as it is tions and dearest dreams. It may surely our Lord's, that India should mean bare subsistence allowance in- know the true God and Jesus Christ stead of sumptuous salaries and af- whom He has sent, and that speedfluent circumstances. It may mean ily you will consider no sacrifice too to some of you the painful experience great to make for the realization in of going right against the ideas and however small a measure of this most hopes with which those near and dear sacred of ambitions. As Indians, our to you have long been associating position is one of peculiar privilege your future career. All these are and opportunity. I love to think of real difficulties. But are we to be the day when different elements of frightened from taking the decisive the Indian Christian community, forstep by any or all of these difficulties? getting all their petty differences of The answer to this important ques- origin, organization and beliefs, will tion depends upon the extent to with the single-eyed purpose of winwhich the claims of the Master and ning India for Christ, send forth her the needs of the Kingdom have taken preachers and teachers and Christian hold of our minds. If your heart Sadhus to every village and town, beats in unison with that of the Mas- and thus hasten the coming of the ter, and with the hearts of the multi- Kingdom in India.

THE NEGLECTED FIELDS OF AMERICA* AN ACCOUNT OF THE SIGNIFICANT WESTERN CAMPAIGN OF THE SPECIAL DEPUTATION OF THE HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL BY Hl'llERT C. HERRING. ll.D. Secretary of the Congregational Home Missionary Society I lS]IX home mission secre- (4) How many of them are more taries, represer~tinl? as than four miles from church services many denom111ahons, recently completed a held in a language which they can tour of thirteen West- understand?

(5) What amount of home mis- ern States, arranging sion money is expended for each or- in each State for a sur- ganization in each place? vey of religious conditions, school district by district, throughout the (6) What communities, speaking what languages, are without religious care? whole territory. This step has been (7) What undenominational, retaken bv the Home Missions Council ligious and social agencies are at because- of its growing sense of the work, or should be at work, etc.? need of closer cooperation and of In at least one of the States under facts upon which to base that co- review there are as many as 8,500 operation. school districts. When it is remem- The survey sought answer to such bered with what great reluctance the questions as these: average human being addrest him- (I) What nationalities, what self to the task of filling out a blank, churches, what pastors in a given it will be seen that the State comcommunity? mittees have undertaken no small (2) How many people in that com- task. It is not expected that the remunity? turns will all be in before July I, (3) Speaking what tongues? 1912. The results of the survey will * Condensed from Missio1"IS.

make the most significant home mIs- ficult by the same causes which have sion document ever published. produced it, viz., lack of money ade- quate to maintain work in a com- Lack of Religious Privileges munity unable or unwilling to do much for itself, and lack of ministers In every conference there was capable of succeeding in the country strong testimony on this point. Par- and willing to go there. But a way ticularly in the States where frontier must be found, whatever the difficonditions are largely in the past, culties. such as Nebraska, Kansas and southern Minnesota, it was found that Workers in Exceptional Vocations scores of communities of considerable size are separated from church Most prominent are the unmet services by a distance which is prac- needs of the lumbermen. In Wistically prohibitory. In addition are consin, Minnesota, Idaho and Washhundreds of scarcely less destitute ington a population of several hunrural communities, which are de- dred thousand are directly dependent pendent on the irregular service of upon the lumber industry. A large a non-resident minister, too often ill- percentage are single men, or men equipped. This condition is made the separated from their families for long more serious because of the polyglot periods. The conditions of labor precharacter of the population. Families vent permanent residence, and often and neighborhoods, speaking one are directly promotive of vicioLls language, are surrounded by the habits. The "lumber jack" is prolarger community, speaking another, verbially thriftless and reckless when and are unable either to provide a not something worse. A lumber town church of their own or to share that is crude, and its population fluctuaof their neighbors. Then, too, sec- ting. It, therefore, naturally results tarian traditions, and particularly the that religious work is carried on, gulf between Catholics and Protes- whether in camp or town, against tants, further complicate the case. As great odds and with little visible outa result of it all, there is beyond come. The bulk of the lumbermen doubt a wide-spread and ominous in camp are under no religious influfailure of organized Christianity to ence. The sawmill towns are often reach the scattered dwellers on West- but little better. Here, as in so ern farms. The home mission boards many vocations, the producers who have upon them no obligation so are nearest nature's sources are less pressing as this. privileged than those farther away.

This does not mean that the aggre- The home mission boards are not gate of rural churches in the West likely to be able to meet this need in is small. In Kansas, for instance, at adequate degree. The cost is so great, least one-fifth of the evangelical and the type of worker required so churches are in the open country, rare, that only a limited expectation away from the railroad. Add to these of enlarging present work can be the churches in small towns, essen- indulged. The ideal solution of the tially rural in their constituency, and problem would be a "Lumbermen's the total is large. But the areas are Mission" carried on under joint auso vast, and the population so pre- spices of the denominational boards dominantly agricultural, that a great and the Y. M. C. A. portion is still unreached. Children grow from infancy to majority with- Of similar sort are the unmet out Gospel influences, save as a needs among miners. These are less limping and intermittent Sunday- pronounced so far as lack of church school and a rare sermon bring Christ privileges is concerned. As to the to their thoughts. The effort to cor- amount of indifference and godlessrect this condition will be made dif- ness, presumably there is not much difference. In great mining centers,

like the Cripple Creek District, the in a town is not a conclusive indica- Cocur d'Alene, and the Black Hills, tion of the facts. The Western boom are many churches. But their task spirit, which sees a coming metropolis is hard and their hold small. The in every hamlet, has naturally crowded great need is such equipment and forward church building enterprises.

leadership as shall enable them to em- Add to this the fact that the coolest phasize the social side of the minis- and most experienced are liable to try. In smaller outlying camps are misjudge the future in a region often no churches at all, or else where population is so fluid and its buildings with no preachers. The elements so liable to change, and you proposed survey will render an in- have another cause of overbuilding.

valuable service by furnishing a com- Then the multiplicity of tongues and prehensive view of the whole situa- the strong tendency of the Teutonic tion in mining towns. peoples toward sectarian subdivisions Here and there, in the round of has contributed to the situation.

conferences, many glimpses were had One can easily get a mental pic- of groups of foreigners without .or- ture of a town of a thousand people, ganized Christian effort, Greek, Japa- with two English-speaking Protestant nese, Chinese, Spanish. In one pain- churches, a Catholic church, two ful and reproachful case a commu- Swedish churches of different sects, a nity of 3,000 Finns was found to German church and a Norwegian have no vestige of religious work church, making a total of seven- among them. In most of these cases patently too many and yet perfectly it should be possible to supply the explainable. The English churches present lack. were built before it could be known Overchurching that the place would become so large- This question was earnestly dis- ly foreign-speaking. The foreign cust. So great, however, ·was the churches were organized to meet the difficulty of agreeing upon a defini- demand for the mother tongue, and tion, and so divergent were the judg- duplicated in one nationality or more ments of workers as to actual condi- because of irreconcilable antagonisms tions, that no comprehensive state- springing out of the past. Not every ments can be made until prolonged case, however, is so simple. Fre- study has been given to more ample quently the English-speaking churches data. That there is overchurching, have multiplied through mere secta- of course, goes without saying. But rian zeal and local pride. But now, on all questions as to amount, _na- compelled by necessity, or by a sense ture, cause and cure it was difficult of the proprieties, many of the weaker to get a consensus of opinion. It ones stand unsupplied or are de- is plain that in most of the States pendent on the service of a non- but little effort has been made to resident minister, so that five church bring about acquaintance and estab- buildings often mean but two or three lish mutual confidence among home ministers. This, as far as it goes, is mission leaders. As a result each a step toward a cure. But the vari- man's work has been largely unre- ous organizations remain, each a dis- lated to, and often at cross purposes couragement to the other, and the with, that of men in other denomina- unused buildings discredit the cause tions. It was evident that the vari- they represent.

ous conferences went far toward A long, vigorous and intelligent clearing the air and establishing a course of treatment will be required basis of closer relations in the future. before the West is cured of its sec- Attention was repeatedy called to tarian ills. It was refreshing to hear the fact that overchurching is often from place to place of localities which overbuilding rather than overman- are addressing themselves to the re- ning. The number of church spires duction of sectarian inflammation.

EDITORIALS

MOTHERS OF THE TEMPLE or others in whom they are inter- ested, may take up this definite Chris- A GREAT era of missions was in- tian service. augurated when the churches or- Various committees have been organized to send out missionaries and ganized, and regular bimonthly meet- ings have been planned for conferto direct their work in foreign lands. ence, prayer and study, and inspira- tional addresses. Another epoch was marked fifty years This organization lays the right ago by the organization of women emphasis on responsibility and privi- lege. It begins with the home. Here to bear their share in the enterprise. is where missionaries, preachers and Bible teachers should be trained; Twenty-five years ago the young here they should learn to know the full meaning of surrender to Christ; people came forward to organize as here they should see the vision of the world need, and hear the call volunteers for service, and the mis- of God to work in His Vineyard. May God bless the "Mothers of the sionary force has doubled in that Temple."

time. More recently students of mis- TVOICES THAT CALL TO MISSIONS HOSE who do not hear the call sions have started a campaign of to join in the great work of win- ning the world to Christ can not give missionary education, and the laymen as an excuse the failure of God to make known His will. They need have banded together to increase the to go direct to the Great Physician for spiritual operations on their eyes, supply of funds to support the grow- their ears, their hearts, their nerves, and their powers of locomotion. What ing work. are some of the voices that call to missionary work? Now comes a new organization of 1. The voice of God in His Word. mothers. It is thus far local, but may The marching orders of our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. The whole well become world-wide. An asso- Bible is a missionary book.

ciation has been formed in the Cen- 2. The voice of human need. Ig- norance, culpable ignorance, shuts out tral Presbyterian Church, Rochester, the vision of men and women living and dying in sin. None can see the N. Y., called "Mothers of the condition of men in any land without recognizing their need of a Savior. Temple." Its purpose is to bring the 3. The voice of ability. Christians mothers in the church into closer have vast resources at their command, and all the powers of nature are being fellowship for prayer, child study, and harnessed to do man's bidding. Every new discovery and invention is but a consideration of the needs of man- a new instrument put into OUf hands to carry the Gospel into the regions kind in order to promote a "World beyond.

for Christ Movement." This is to be done by' consecrating their chil- dren to the Master. Like Hannah of old, these mothers are ready to bring their children to God, and dedi- cate them from birth to His service.

The association also purposes to raise an educational fund to help members of their church who are striving, amid difficulties, to educate them- selves as Christian ministers or mis- slOnanes.

The active members of this organi- zation are mothers who study the Bible and are praying that their chil- dren may take up definite Christian work, obeying the command of Christ to "go preach the Gospel."

Other women may join as associate members if they study the Bible and are praying that those in their classes, 4. The voice of history. The past church-members. The sooner each is failures of men without Christ and imprest with his or her own personal the successes attending missionary responsibility to use tongue and tal- work are summons to further en- ents to spread the Gospel, the sooner deavor. In the past missionary cen- the kingdom of God will be estab- tury twice as many have been added lished.

to the professing followers of Christ Not long ago we came upon one of as in all the preceding eighteen these "Fishers of men," of which the ccnturics. The work is a success. church should be composed. He was S. The voice of opportunity. Doors a plain, stalwart, successful Long have been opening on every hand, Island fisherman, who had heard the and many obstacles that long stood call of God sounding in his ears to be- in the way have disappeared. Even come a personal worker. He entered persecutions have left the doors open into the work with the same energy wider than they were before. God is that he put into his deep-sea fishing.

leading the way. In the summer he uses his nets and 6. The voice of love and thanks- ships barrels of fish each day to the glvmg. "The love of Christ con- market; in the winter he uses his Gos- straineth me." The fact that we owe pel net to seek men individually, not so much to God must lead to greater only to bring them to his Master, but sacrifice and service for Him. to lead them to become themselves 7. The voice of self-interest. Ex- "Fishers of men." In this way he has perience proves that the greatest bless- been used by God to take in his net ing comes to those who give them- one thousand individuals in the past selves wholly to this work. Those three and one-half years-whereas who are self-centered stagnate and previously to that time he had spoken die. Christianity must flow out if to none.

it is to be kept living. The most This man, without college or theo- short-sighted policy is that which be- logical education, a simple Christian, gins and ends at home. like most church-members, has a rec- Whosoever hath, to him shall be ord that few laymen can equal. He given, and to whomsoever much is will speak to anyone, tactfully, mod- given, of him shall much be required. estly, earnestly, planting the seed and FISHERS OF MEN trusting God to give the increase. In his "Fishermen's Oub," or "God's T HE late editor-in-chief, Dr. Pier- Messengers," this personal worker son, used to say that the true di- has secured the names of bankers, vine idea of "Apostolic Succession" lawyers, preachers, teachers, editors, was revealed in Romans 10: IO: hear- clerks and heads of large business ing, believing, confessing; hearing, houses. He spoke to the sales girl believing, confessing, in perpetual who sold him an umbrella, and to the succession from one end of the world president of a large fountain-pen com- to the other. pahy, where he sought a pen with Truly this is the ideal, apostolic which to record the results of his method, to be used by the Spirit of "fishing." Both of these, as well as God for the extension of the king- editors of some well-known publica- dom and the conversion of mankind. tions, thanked him for his earnest The Church can not depend on great words and agreed to become also organized efforts however powerful, "fishers of men."

or 'on social movements, or on paid This worker testifies that in all the workers however efficient, to carry hundreds of people he has approached the Gospel to the unbelievers. None he has never met a rebuff. Some have of this can take the place of the gen- refused to commit themselves, but all eral individual work for individuals have been courteous and appreciative.

on the part of the rank and file of Surely there are thousands of other

Christian men and women who will sanctification. There can be no sanctitake up this work for the Master, a fication until there is separation from work to which he has called us and on the world. which he has set his seal of approval. Is not this the difficulty with many OUR LORD'S INTERCESSORY movements toward church unity? Any artificial or external union must PRAYER fail. This great end can not be achieved by uniting disciples; it must T HE great prayer of our Lord for be accomplished by union with the His disciples, recorded in the Master in nature, affections, will, seventeenth chapter of the Gospel sympathies, and work. according to St. John, relates to their separation, sanctification, unification, The result of such union will be and glorification. a new power and new results in witness to the world. It will sim- First he refers to their unworldli- plify our creed, and this unanimity ness. This characteristic is defined in faith will beget confidence-belief in seven particulars: in our testimony. It will also give an example to the world of the na- Chosen out of the world. ture and power of the love of God. Sent into the world on a mission. Living in the world. The result will also be cooperation Not of the world. in service and economy of resources Hated by the world. andeffort. Let us seek for greater Kept from the evil in the world. unity, but let that unity be based on Witnessing to the world. greater conformity to the nature and will of God.-A. T. P. Next our Lord is moved to pray for their sanctification. MISSIONARY STATISTICS OF INDIA By the truth He had taught them. A STUDY of the statistics for mis- By the example He had left them. sions in India as reported in 19IO, compared with those of ten years ago, Third, He prays for their Unity. show decided signs of progress. For Four times He repeats this petition India, Burma and Ceylon we have a "that they may be one," and indicates total foreign missionary force of 4,998 its result on the world. men and women under 141 societies, as compared with 4,267 ten years ago, This characteristic follows their under 115 societies. This is an inseparation and sanctification, and pre- crease of one-sixth in the foreign pares the way for their glorification. force. The native workers of all This unity is to be: classes now number 38,143, as com- pared with 28,136 ten years before. A unity of all believers. This is an increase of over one-third, A result of union with Christ. and shows that the policy of using Like that of the Father and the Son. native evangelists has been adhered Perfect spiritual oneness. to with good results. The number of Followed by belief in the world. native communicants has increased from 332,924 to 538,737, and total Fourth, our Lord's prayer suggests Protestant adherents from 1,033,529 to that His disciples shall all partake of 1,521,423 (including communicants). the divine nature. The form of the This is an increase of over 50 per subject of this prayer is the glorifi- cent. in less than ten year… cation of all disciples.

Glorified in Christ. . Glorified with Christ.

There can be no glorification of the Church until there is unity, and there can be no unity until there is

STATISTICAL TABLES FOR INDIA, BURMA AND

THE GENERAL AND EVANGELISTIC WORK FOIlEIGM MISSIOMAIlIEI NATIVII WOaDIl, STATIO•• CUlllSTIAR COJUlURITY ARD CoRTaIBunoRS Physicians COUNTRIES AND SOCIETIES i rn 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 INDIA American and Canadian Societies American Baptist Foreign Mission Societr ' •• " . • • • • 1814 131 13 8 5 131 83 361 287 3,384 3,671 73 1,893 1,091 8,558 127,963 127,963 347,052 1,115 36,293 102,475 American Board of Commissioners for For. Miss… 1813 28 7 Baptist For. Misa. Board, Maritime Provinces…… 1873 10 3 1 3 33 21 91 59 1,078 1,137 18 537 91 691 13,165 "13,165 46,282 479 13,165 14,424 Board of For. Miss., General Conference Mennonites 1900 4 3 8 16 35 100 100 8 17 9 102 544 544 *2,100 28 630 3 3 Board of For. Miss., Gen. Council Evan. Luth. Ch. 1869 2 9 10 10 2 1 1 42 42 42 4 150 Board of For. Miss., German EV!"$'elical Synod…. 1865 9 7 8 9 23 .- Board of For. Miss., Methodist Episcopal Church 1. 1856 4 34 Board of For. Miss., Gen. Synod, Evan. Lutheran Ch. 1842 11 3 2 308 310 4 413 250 *1,000 1,521 14,871 16,866 92 2,781 1,500 8 12 2 614 616 5 498 497 218 13,281 37,255 44,008 294 17,506 3,725 8 1 5 98 7 2 16 151 151 6 43 35 100 2,002 3,208 *4,000 8 1,198 5 86 99 Board of For. Miss., Presb. Church in U. S. A… 1834 48 7 4 42 36 295 199 4,746 4,945 66 200 282 11,282 122,986 178,943 181,049 3,523 148,591 113,852 146 53 750 803 27 120 61 1,281 7,418 *10,465 18,669 277 9,903 35,957 Board of For. Miss., Reformed Church (Dutch)I… 1853 9 1 2 11 5 31 14 374 388 8 172 19 238 2,997 4,725 Board of For. Miss., Reformed Episcopal Church '… 1894 2 9,757 182 6,715 2,830 2 1 2- 4 11 11 1 Board of For. Miss., Reformed Presbyterian Church 1837 78 3 23 26 4 6 15 549 725 2,076 6 Board of For. Miss., United Presbyterian Church ,. 1855 22 1 3 2 23 35 86 82 550 3 25 596 621 12 331 33 1,487 14,202 14,202 26,122 151 1,320 12,792 Board of Management, Gwalior Presbyterian Mission 1904 1- – – 1 1 22 22 1 5 4 55 145 787 787 3 Christian and Missionary Alliance……………… 1887 22 – 86 80 100 – 7 28 29 35 124 124 19 1,000 1,000 1,600 Christian Woman's Board of Missions………….. 1882 2,149 Evan. Lutheran Synod of Mo., 0'1 and Other States. 1895 7- 5_ 5 18 16 136 136 10 20 10 42 682 682 *2,600 34 1,350 8- – 8- 25 29 29 5 131 *400 942 Foreign Christian Missionary SOciety…………… 1882 11 3 3- 12 5 10 For. Dept., International Committee, Y. M. C. A… 1889 6 16 124 140 6 8 8 162 852 852 *3,200 31 2,036 536 5- – 9 11 – 192 For. Dept., National Board, Y. W. C. A., U. S. A.. 1894 – 46 5 60 – – – – 6 50 4 For. Miss. Board, Baptist Conv., Ontario and Quebec 1866 16 28 For. Miss. Com., Presbyterian Church in Canada… 1873 15 2 3- 12 15 6 6 307 313 12 161 45 531 5,093 5,093 9,700 275 5,300 28 4,182 Friends' For. Miss. Soc.,-Ohio Yearly Meeting,…… 1896 – 3 5- 15 12 26 2 109 111 7 19 9 141 1,031 21,031 *4,000 33 1,572 18 3,301 General Conference of .l'-ree Baptists………….. 1836 11 – 1- – 5 13 18 18 1 1 1 60 60 310 2 140 300,955 11 8 General Miss. Board, Church of the Brethren……. 1895 11 – 1 1- 11 5 12 317 329 7 10 19 166 1,368 1,368 2,375 112 4,544 – – 8 General Miss. Board of the Free Methodist Church.. 1885 4 1 47 48 10 25 4 45 787 800 1,064 34 1,004 14 Gen. Miss. Board, Pentecostal Church, Nazarene… 1897 4- – 1 5 8 3 11 11 3 1 11 40 56 180 5 220 4 5- – – 5 3 2 12 14 4 4 Hephzibah Faith Missionary Association……….. 1898 2 – 10 Lee Memorial Bengali MissIOn·……………….. – – – 2 4 17 1 1 2- 1 1 1 3 44 Mennonite Board of Missions and Charities……… 1899 7 34 34 1 6 12 600 4 4- 1 5 4 Missionarr Society, Calvinistic Church in U. S. A.. 1869 5 52 52 3 4 4 60 451 492 600 17 555 1- 1- 1- 6 Peniel Mlssionary Socie!y_o…………………… 1897 – – – 2 2- 5 5 1 1 2 9 9 *36 18 7 Pentecost :Bands of the World…. ;……………. 1896 5- – – 2 3 15 7 1 Scandinavian Alliance Mission………………… 1892 3 – – 4 3 7 15 3 2 Seventh·Day_ Adventist Mission Board………….. 1895 12 1 2 9 11 9 3 3 4 1 3 19 Vanguara Missionary Association……………… 1895 – – – 2 1 4 22 8 4 221 221 221 12 225 Woman's Home and For. Miss. Soc., Advent Chris. 1898 – – – 1- 4 40 40 3 1 Woman's Gen. Miss. Soc., Churches of God……. 1896 2 – – – 1 3 20 20 3 7 60 60 *200 14 1,200 Woman's Union Missionary Society of America….. 1863 – – 4- – 14 2 25 25 25 3 50 ~–68-6-!-1-3-,7-41-56-0l-1-4-,4-13-52-0~-3S-0"':"'5''''4,-S-11-11-l-Z-,4-8-8-1-2-6,-1-8-6-1—,-4-94-+-4-18-,-77-5+-7-25-,-32-1:+-6:-,:-74-4-'2'7–26-1-,9:-3:-8'- 'T.667 324 Totals, 39 American Societies………………… —-+-'-s-2-7+-4-7+-7-1~–S9—5-1-3-~–4-8-0 Australasian Societies Baptist Association of Queensland For. Miss. Com.. 1885 1- – – 1 1 3 3 2 5 1 1 11 11 13 1 2 52 Baptist For. Miss. Soc. of New South Wales……. 1885 1- – – 1- 2 1 12 24 2 9 2 28 116 3 106 118 Furreedpore Missionary_ Society •.•..••..•..••…. 1882 2 1- – 2 4 8- 24 22 2 3 2 59 New Zealand Baptist Missionary Society……….. 1891 _ 1 2 11 59 42 100 3 375 1 1- – 1 3 5 2 20 42 77 Tasmanian Baptist Missionary Society…………. – 1- – – 1 1 3- – 4 114 336 __ __ Victorian Baptist Foreign Mission…………….. 1883 4 – 800 26 1- 1 5 11 3 17 20 3_ – 53 800 *3,000 ~83+ 1 -~~ r-~—T—r–~–T—~~—+—~—-':—-:–~–~—+–~—-+—-T—-~ ~ Totals, 6 Australasian Societies……………….. – 10 2 1- 7 14 32 9 75 84 10 151 6 64 929 964 3,394 36 1,426 454 British Societies Baptist Missionary Society f…………………. 1794 67 2 5 6 60 5 143 39 1,016 1,055 38 118 *52 1,158 9,572 9,572 -*35,000 320 11,020 9,373 Bntish and Foreign Bible Society…………….. 1807 4- – 2 6- 12 _ • 535 535 6 Central Asian Mission…………. …………… 1902 1- – 2 1- 4_ 3 3 1 Ceylon and India General Mission……………. 1893 – 20 – – 12 5 7 24 – 52 52 1 11 7 21 Children's Special Service Mission…………….. – – – – 1- – 1_ 4 4 1 1114 196 335 22 512 39 Christian Literature Society for India…………. 1858 2 – – 1 – 3 6 _ 191 191 2 739 Christian Missions in Many Lands·………….. 1836 – – – 55 43 36 134 29 – 85 85 67 12 78 1,244 1,244 5,710 10 233 128 19 9 27 132 88 432 223 177,816 Church Missionary Society………………….. 1813 159 – 13 – – 140 153 178 3,288 3,466 47 – 8 – 8 – 1,151 45,468 158,869 8- 3- 52,215 Church of England Zenana Missionary Society…. 1880 – 3 16 – 849 849 18 11 *14,000 Church of Scotland Foreign AMssis~sci.onfo Comm ittee… 4 6 2 – 7 54 12 Church of Scotland Women's r For. Miss.. 1829 22 – – 41 47 13 315 328 8- 8- 187 2,698 12,183 153 9,208 1,732 1837 – _ 201 201 EdinburJrb Medical Missionary Society…………. 1885 1 1- – 1- 3_ – _ 1 English "National Council, Y. M. C. A., For. Dept. – – – – 3 1- 4_ – _ 2 For. Mission, Presbyterian Church of Ireland o. • .• 1840 15 1 4 5 17 13 55 5 462 467 14 54 25 119 1,131 4,237 5,197 100 4,381 1,970 For. Miss. Com., Presbyterian Church of England.. 1862 1 2- 2 2 2 9 – 5 5 2 1 *56 Friends' Foreign Mission As80ciation………….. 1866 – 7 14 30 1 1 8 6 12 28 – 97 97 8 5 8 14 .~ 173 10 173 1,118 Kurku and Central Indian Hill Miuion……….. 1890 – 8 9 7 24 1 24 25 6 2 33 1,947 297 – – 1 1 – – _ 1 20 175 277 550 9 Lakher Pioneer Mission ……………………. lj05 – – – 2 – 387 40 London Missionary Society………………….. 1817 55 5 3 2 52 36 153 43 1,991 2,034 30 820 1,291 14,175 "14,175 110,065 602 21,996 15,758 Ludhiana Zenana and Medical Mission………… 18"79 – – 2 – – 10 12 – 17 17 3 1 Missionar:!, Settlement for UniverSity Women….. 1895 – – – – – 4 4 – – _ 1 National Bible Society of Scotland……………. – – – – – – – _ _ '~35 235 _ North India Industrial Home for Christian Blind.. 1887 – – 2 3_ 1 1 1 1- – 9 *30 53 58 *60 3 O:dord Mission to Calcutta………………….. 1880 10 – 1 4- 10 25 – – _ 5 Regions Beyond Missionar), Union…………….. 1901 5- – – Repr. Coun. Epis. Ch. in Scotland For. Miss. Board 1871 4 5 14 – 16 16 4 11 4 22 22 150 9 2- – – 1 2 5_ 20 20 1 4 1 Scottish Mission' Industries Co., Ltd………….. 1903 – – _ 2 Scottish Nat'l Council, Y. M. C. A., For. Miss. Dept. – – – – – 3 1- 4- – – 2 1 3- – _ 1 Society for the Propagation of Gospel"……….. 1814 96 1 8 4 16 72 197 136 1,682 1,818 42 77 234 2,128 38,865 100,068 114,879 777 32,562 24,723 South Indian Strict Baptist Missionary Society….. 1860 4 – – 1 4 1 10 4 65 69 4 28 Strict Baptist Mission ………………………. 1860 3 – – – 2 6- 2 4 71 768 1,500 2,850 32 889 "'827 1872 56 17 11 16 1 44 44 14 2 56 ., '*-200 United Free Church of Scotland's For. rM. Missi.ssC. oCmo.m' .. 1872 1 – – 46 29 101 10 56 16 750 545 United Orig. Secess. Ch., Scotland's Fo 1840 1 – 1 60 193 13 1,391 1,404 1 16 3 – 4 1 4 1 18 19 6 36 350 3,738 9,307 10,622 120 8,352 4,959 1817 76 – – 14 15 312 10 73 157 169 Welsh Calvinistic Methodists Foreign Mission…… 1896 – – 8 57 6 37' 21 485 506 44 377 5 186 – – 10 827 9,316 25,114 28,437 Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society ,…….. .. 45 190 42 1,944 1,986 360 520 15,525 215,525 46,938 354 21,290 8,684 534 19,765 9,572 Y. W. C. A., British National Foreign Department. 15 15 – – _ Zenana Bible and Medical Mission…………….. 1852 _- ~–~ _~_-_-L__1~ 0 __-~___- __~__14_0___1_50____- ____2_56____25_6___~ 25 ___1_5+-__~____~_____ ~ _____+___________________ Totals, 37 British Societies…………………… – 596 50 86 169 500 772 2,160 496 15,292 15,788 638 2,074 753 7,964 143,227 352,758 554,170 3,097 133,538 I 130,86.5 Ceylon Societies JaHna Student Foreign Missionary Society……… 1900 – – – – – – – 2 – 2_ 1- – – – _ 2 _ 160 Jaffna Women's Foreign Missionary Society…….. 1900 — – – – – – – _ 1 1 __ 1- – – – – _ __ 167 ___ Totals, :I Ceylon Societies……………………. r– ~—~–~- —- +— ~—~—~–~- –~2~~–1-7–3 ~-_–~-2-~– -~— –~– —'~—–~~–7Z—~_:– 327- Conti.ental Societies Evangelisch-Lutherische Mission zu Leipsic.8•••••• 1706 34 1 32 17 83 17 60S 622 31 209 237 437 9,671 21,162 21,295 14,263 Evallgelische Missionsgesellschaft zu Basel .••••••• 1834 60 24 67 11 164 Evangeliska Fosterlands·Stiftelsen ••••••••••••••••• 1878 17 2 18 57 26 841 867 25 114 87 459 9,964 17,767 18,206 52 2,537 7,857 4 18 6 28 Danske Missionsselskab ……………………. . 1863 13 2 9 103 103 11 11 653 -1,241 *2,500 8 543 85 1 6 92 Gossnersche Missionsgesellschaft ••..•••••.•..•••• 1842 44 6 36 2 1 79 80 8 14 8 455 1,139 *1,550 8 347 1,964 1 1 LOve'i'thals Mission ……………………….. . 1872 1 19 335 354 57 460 382 25,642 70,865 91,771 443 7,114 7,291 10 2 26 5 5 1 L. P. Larsen Missionary Society•••••••.••••…•••• 1 14 4 39 – – 1 20 Missionsanstalt zu Hermannsburg ••.•••••••••••••• 1866 13 37 187 1 2 157 159 10 37 47 93 2,680 3,392 4,392 207 Schleswig·Holsteinische Missions~esellschaft ••••••• 1877 20 240 240 9 44 South German Young Men's Chnstian Association•• 64 493 237 2,274 9,172 12,577 5 460 500 – – 1 –1– Totals, 10 Continental Societies•••••••••••••••••••• 203 6 65 2,365 2,430 154 878 772 1,226 51,339 125,278 152,311 516 11,001 32,167 * From the World Atlas af Christian Missions, Student Volunteer Movement, 1910. • Church statistics reported by only seven missions. • Includes data for the Jungle Tribes Mission formerly conducted by the INDIA Presbyterian Church in Ireland. 10 Church-members in good standing. • Includes data for the Woman's Society. 11 It has not been possiole to be certain that this data includes no work • No report for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicants. for whites. • Not reported. IS Includes a government school grant. • Rev. and Mrs. D. H. Lee are missionaries of the Methodist Episcopal .. Includes data of the Swedish Diocese, which is a mission of the Church{ but are reported with the Lee Memorial Bengali Mission. Svenska Kyrkans Mission. • Inc udes data for the Baptist Zenana Mission. • Colporteurs under the direct supervision of the Bible Society.

– – – – – – – – – • Includes six publishing branches and thirty-five sales depots. * Estimate. Except in column 18, all estimates are from the societies. THE AND EVANGELlSTIC WORK j DATE FOREIGN NATIVE W<;>RKERS CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY AND CONTRIBUTIONS a ~t I . £ . . COUNTRIES .AND SOCIETIES Physicians ·1 rn ______________________________________________ rJ …. -~_;'~~=:t~C:}"h~gaE-~-~~7_i~.1i1.~s.~.:r..:~..~.!~~=~.·Fi~~~-l~0at";'7,~.5C~~~~-+~0.]Z..~~~.~~~~"~;·".P"'c~rd-ISc5E~E"&"u.i~~~.~~~'.l.i'.~;.O]E5-.I~.I.~) ~~O-~"l~o;o0":·~z~~.EES~. "~~,,1f"t '~::"w~~~.~g_~..N:~O;~":..e0-~gba:n5S~~~:~.~§<~v-tf.ii5Elt-~) –~~°"~8!0;:~~:Ss"l.~~6£b4~~~j.~GJ ~~~~'~-z~~0.~!.·!1~58":.~~i,3~–~~o'-z~.~t..OC…s.~r~…m ~U=~:a~~~~]o'·.~v~5~.~~~jo.c~~§.:="ts~":i~Q-.:;~=>~<ti~i~o4~~~~~1"~.~".u,c.'..:.~-.~~~~rlg_-~J.~~'-.J:~~~~ta~t~QI.l~~~:~tf.~i~t ~o ~·•"~u_f§.~,i:.,c:.,~.:,39.=g~i~– ,.>~~.~.".O:..~~'..!~E~~.l~:~l "."'.o"~-o~'-5;Ir.=ga_:_.__~"~"~~_•~~.,oa._,_'.U,:._=.~·!~.§~g~.'5J~;o:~cai~~:= 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 India Societies 1- – – I -I 1 _2 1 Indian Christian Endeavor Union ••….•……•… 1897 1 India Sunday·school Union…………………… 1876 1- – – – 1- -, _ _ Indian Home Mission to the Santhals………….. 1867 6 — – 3 =4 I, =-_2 15 5 258 263 5 25 -7 3- 3- 14,9_90 *30,0_00 3_ – a_ National Council, Y. M. C. A. of India and Ceylon. 1889 – – – 8 , 8 — 21 21 8 72 _ 61,010 – – National Y. W. C. A. of India, Burma, and Ceylon. 1896 – – – – — – 10 10 _ 131 – __ __ _ _ __ _ 36,728 Totals, 5 India Societies……………………… ~~- ~—-~8 —-7—-~–~-11-~I~~4-.-: –2—~25—–5 –~2~91—-2-9~~–71_5–_2,28–~–7 —– _.—_—_14.,9-9-0—3-0-,0~0-0 —-_._—-_ –~97_,_73_8 International Societies China Inland Mission …………………….•.. 1875 1- – – 81.1 — 2- 1 1 1- 1 5"5 20 1_60 Mission der Briidergemeine …….•…………… 1853 8- — 1 4 21 – 24 24 5 3 6 — 56 125 2 37 30 Salvation Army……………………………. 1882 – 4- 66 44 I 36 150 — 1,901 1,901 23 2,424 – – – _ 411 10,332 :– –~–9~—4,~-~- –~-67—.53r-j –40.–1-73-~— -~-1,-92-~~-1-,9-2-6 —-~~_T-~—-~—-~—_7—-+_—.-~-~—- . Totals, 3 International Societies………………. 29 2,427 7 – 61 130 180 413 10,369 30 Independent Societies Bengal Evangelistic Mission ………………… 1889 _24 _25 Industrial and Evangelistic Mission of India…….. 1880 3- – – 2 4 9- 3 North India School of Medicine lor Christian Women 189t – 3- — 2 5 — _ _ 1 – 2 24 24 5 2 Poona and Indian Village Mission……………. 18S, – _. 1 9 7 ·20 37 – 20 21 1 11 5 24 24 47 23 1,175 – _ 1 8 Strict Baptist Mission, South India…………… 1880 1- – – 1- 2 1 2 105 105 285 5 130 23 Tehri Border Village Mission………………… – 1- – — 1- 2- ,~–~—.~–~—.—,—-;~~–.~—~—-~–~–~—-~–7_–~—-_+—–~——~–~–___~_____ i Totals, 6 Independent Societies……………….. – 332 I 28 1,305 5- 4 9 11 26 55 2 68 70 11 15 13 2 129 129 23 i Indigeneous Societies Boys' Christian Home Mission …….. :…………. 1900 – — – 5 2 i1 3 10 -i 20 20 3 2 51 222 Chtnsurah and Hooghly Zenana MIssIOn……….. 1875 __ _. _ _ 1 GInoddiaavnarMi iBSSaIpOtinsatrySwSoadcieesthya oSfuvTairntanveyvapealklya ..S.o..c.i.e.t.y… 11898038 -_ -_ _, 1 1 56 Jungle Tribes Mission……………………….. 1891 _ -_ -_ _ = Ii.' -= -= 201 2231 1 8 Keskar's Christian Mission at Cholapur………… 1899 – – 110 MMaudkrtai sMTaimssilioMni.s..s.i.o..n……………………………………………….. _ _ 152254526~ 1252~6r6iO 29 14 7 55 167 906 113 National Missionary Society of India………….. 1-896 — -1 1 "8 13 St. Thomas Syrian Christian Evangelistic Association 1905 – – – _ – I' – – 1 2 1 2 1,248 60 1,956 South Travancore Native Evangelistic Society…… 1891 – _ 125 103 Tinnevelly Children's Mission ….•……………. 1901 – – -=2 1," -_~5 -_~9 =_1 1 1 10 620 1,248 4 293 '- 1891 – – -35-,4-5-2 7 360 1,530 7 1,377 Totals, 12 Indigenous Societies ………………. — -1 2 *SOO 20 2,167 – – 6 9 2,170 1,800 2,381 4 658 6,395 Grand Totals for India, 120 Societies•••.•………. _ _ -52-2-,3-4-9 55 230 —- -1,-3-5-8 –35-8 15 25 454 36 154 _ _ nil- t – — -10-,-87-2 2,558 4 10,895 – – -, – – 9 9 4-2-2-,1-3-~ -57-3-,4-5-4 – – 4 _ 4 4 4 – 1 30 5 320 —3-2-5..;..—-6-'1—-6-7'- 42 3,749 6,109 -1-1-5 -16-3 1,279. ,.17 4,'6,35' 1,270 34,084 35,354 1,2136[110,217 -4,-08-8 9-1-6-,7-7-3· -1,-47-1-,7-2-7 CEYLON American Societies t~1' , = = 396 409 t"~ = – – – 4;418 . c' FAFoomrr..erDiDceeappntt..,B, For. Mis …… " 3 ,II ld, :Ii 12Jl' 1;973' 11,973 72~ 3,818 8,758 oard of Commissions for .YA. .,MU. .CS'.AA…… 1816 3 1 ! . 2 1 4! 19 INanttei ornnatalioBnoala rC,doYm.mWitt.ee 11899~6~ — – -_ -1 It,,' '1= -_ _ – .j 1 _ -_ -_ -_ _ _ _ Trustees of Jaffna College Func!s. '…….•……… :_1_8Z_'~-;-___i–_ _i_—-+-.'__.-_Z-i-'-'___:____J .~~.,______:,—_'.-.-.–+–t-i——-~_;..'——_i_-'·-_~–i—-.–~-_-_- ~,,–__-'_-_~-_=;e—.. _ 1'—– .~-, -f-'-~~- Totals, 4 American Societies •…•.••…………. – 4 1 2 4 3 5 18 13 396 409 9 23 19 121 1,973 1,973 4,418 72 3,818 8,758 British Societies Baptist Missionary Society •……•..••………… 1812 4 2 63 69 20 110 130 2 55 *19 48 1,057 1,057 *4,200 123 1,575 8- British and Foreign Bible Society .•.••…………. 1810 1 Children's Special Service Mission .•…………… 1 2 '91 91 Christian Literature Society for India…………. . 1858 1 1 1 1 Christian Missions in Many Lands ……………. . 1 '1~ 2- 45 45 1 4 2 – – – 1 Church Missionary Society………………….. . 1818 20 62 21 760 781 9 28 30 70 2 a9_0 8,309 23 23 3 – 3 – 6162 11,613 Church of England Zenana Missionary Society …. . 18f·9 4,158 11,272 8- Friends' Foreign Mission Association ………….. . 1896 8 8 — 28 28 2 Indian Christian Realm Mission ……………… . 1903 2 12 – 56 56 4 16 129 22 895 292 1 3 – 27 27 1,650 63 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. …….. . 1840 4 4 109 111 2 16 16 285 512 982 2,846 16 220 20 2 854 904 5 24,005 1,592 'Vesleyan Methodist Missionary Society 7 ••••••••••• 1814 22 2 2 10 2 56 50 – – 4 9 43 802 2,803 29 3,850 4,676 2 -, Y. W. C. A., British National Foreign Department. IM7 14 213 325 112 7,437 7,437 337 17,137 1 ..—!—…;—-;..—-7—-+—.;—-~,- —-7—+—!–~–_+—;–~—_;_—-;:__—-;:—–i—-.— Totals, 12 British Societies ….•…..•…………. 50 2 15 36 119 222 93 2,081 2,174 55 309 369 659 13,994 23,581 44,513 529 23,767 14,932 Ceylon Societies Colombo Industrial School. ..••……………….. 1896 20 21 *300 *300 *1,000 2,287 Henaratgoda Village Mission ………………… . 1895 300 300 1,000 2,287 National Council, Y. M. C. A. of India and Ceylon .. 1896 18 18 ~ otals, 3 Ceylon Societies ..•…………………. 6 6 5 44 45 Continental Society Evangelisch·Lutherische Mission zu Leipsic s. . . . . .. 1903 20 2 90 205 205 50 International Society Salvation Army 1882 8 5 18 157 157 128 Indigenous Society Jaffna Native Evangelical Society …………….. . 1832 2 3 3- 1 31 42 60 4 250 674 Grand Totals for Ceylon, 21 Societies …..••••…..• 62 4 19 44 134 263 109 2,680 2,789 – – 1 – – —-~ 69 483 388 783 16,388 26,101 50,196 606 27,885 26,651 .. Federates denominational Sunday·school work. No independent statistics. • Colporteurs under the immediate supervision ·of the Bible Society. • Sales depots. CEYLON 6 Net increase. 1 No report for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicants. 7 Includes data for Women's Society. 2 Includes data for the Baptist Zenana Missionary Society. 8 Partial data of the Swedish Diocese, which is a mission of the Svenska – – – – -3 -No-t reported. Kyrkans Mission. * Estimate. Except in column 18, all esti111ates are from the societies.

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS ASIA-INDIA mony as exists between caste and noncaste Hindus, and intensify any Christian Progress in India surviving social bitterness between them. T HE growth of Christianity in the T India's Foe-Alcohol . last decades is shown by the fol- HE secretary of the United lowing remarkable figures: 1881, Council on Work Among Young 1,862,634; 1891,2,284,380; 1901, 2,- People in India, in discussing the 923,241; 19 11 ,3,876,196. question, "What has a convert to Christianity a right to expect of the Of the present total more than two Christian Church in the matter of the and one-third millions are to be use of alcoholic drinks?" calls atfound in southern India, where there tention to the fact that the use of are Christian colonies planted in the intoxicants in India is enormously early centuries of the faith, and where increasing. The harm done to India's considerable accessions by conversion manhood by alcoholic drinks is great. have been reported in recent years. Thousands are annually added to the There have been striking increases list of drunkards, from among those in the Panjab and the United Prov- ""ho are "moderate" drinkers. The inces, the combined figures being Church should unwaveringly and un- 379,445, as against I6g,546 ten years compromisingly teach that the use of ago. In the two Bengals and their alcoholic beverages is an unmixed evil. States the number of Christians has Only total abstainers should be orrisen from 315,198 to 464,573, while dained and tolerated as ministers of in Hyderabad an advance from 23,- the Gospel. No person's name should 000 to over 54,000 is reported. In be allowed to remain upon the registhe Native States, as a whole, the ter of the Church who is guilty of advance has been relatively greater using liquor to excess, nor should he than in British districts. be taken back into membership until he had shown that he was free from A Hindu Condemns Hinduism the habit.

T HE Christian Patriot, of Madras, T What is Hinduism? published a very interesting letter HE Leader, of Allahabad, recentrecently addrest by Mr. Justice San- ly published the replies of more karan Nair to Mrs. Annie Besant, or less representative Hindus to the who desired him to endorse a move- question, "What is Hinduism, and ment to establish a Hindu university. what is essential in it?" One, an Altho the responsible educational au- authority in himself, said, "A Hindu thorities under the government of In- is one born in India, whose parents, dia have sanctioned the project .of as far as people can remember, were the noted theosophist, and a public not foreigners, and did not profess official might therefore have been a foreign religion like Mohammeexpected to give at least nominal ap-' danism or Christianity or Judaism, proval to the proposition, the justice, and who himself has not embraced notwithstanding he is himself a Brah- one of those religions." man of high degree, totally discountenances all thought of a sectarian Another intelIigent writer said, school for the propagation of Hindu- "There are no dogmas in Hinduism. ism. He says that any revival of the You may believe in any doctrine you teachings of the Hindu sacred books can only tend to destroy such har-

choose, even in atheism, without ceas- harmonious, and full of promise in ing to be a Hindu." view of the new chapter in Indian history recently opened by the Sov- A third writer stated, "Hinduism ereigns at Delhi. The national awais adherence to certain practises im- kening in India is, of course, the direct peratively demanded and prescribed result of British rule and of faithful by it." missionary service.

The last answer comes near to the American United Presbyterian Mission root of the matter, for "practise" founded on caste is the stronghold of IN 1855 the American United Pres- Hinduism. Tho Hinduism holds to byterian Mission in India was comthe theory of "maya," viz., that menced with one missionary and his things are not what they seem, and wife, in the northern part of the Panthat the external aspect of the world jab, and it has grown under the and human life is only an illusion, Lord's blessing until there are 22 men yet the practises of social and so- and 34 women missionaries from called religious life (chief among America, 34 native ordained ministhem caste) are its very center. With ters, and 395 native lay workers. the falling of caste Hinduism will There are 43 organized congregaquickly surrender to the attack of tions, and 24,352 members, while the the messengers of the Gospel. Christian community numbers 46,451. The 181 Sunday-schools contain 8,30 Efficient Service of Bible Women pupils, and 201 day schools have 11,- 003 scholars. NOT enough is thought and. said about one of the most important The work among the Chuhras, one and valuable of Christian native of the deprest classes, is especially agencies in India. A splendid, 1.!nseen flourishing. Dr. Martin saw the opporwork is being carried on incessantly, tunity and heard the call. Unreserdevotedly and indefatigably just now vedly he committed himself to the by hundreds of native Hindu Bible evangelization of the whole Chuhra women. Their lives are obscure. class. He employed the best agents, Their efforts are not trumpeted, and pushed education, and trained boys to they have no thought of commenda- teach others, raised up teachers and tion or praise. But they are doing preachers from among them, and what no other workers could even started a theological school. Thus he attempt. They gain access to the gathered the Chuhras, baptizing four women of every class and caste. or five hundred a year. When he died Many of them are wives of village in 19IO, a canvass of the rolls of the readers living in the little scattered districts in which he labored, showed rest houses. These are in contact, that he baptized in all 7,200 Chuhras. in an intimate manner, with the na- Thus the Lord blest the work. tives, in a degree impossible to foreign agents. They are especial fa- The Basel Mission vorites of the low-caste folks and the wretched pariahs, and among these T HIS German Mission works in they succeed in the work of teach- Malabar, South Canara, in the ing inquirers and new converts.- southern Maratha country, the Nilgi- Homiletic Review. ris and Coorg, and uses three lan- guages besides several spoken by The Indian Native Congress aboriginal tribes. The first mission- aries, including the famous Hebich, SEVEN thousand educated Indians, came to India in 1834, but the society, including 1,000 delegates from a restricted at first to providing misdistance, met at Calcutta recently to sionaries for the C. M. S. and other discuss Indian affairs. The proceed- societies, was founded in the year ings opened "with prayer, and with the of the battle of Waterloo, and prepasinging of a national song," were very

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rations are already in view for cele- of the missionaries called them the brating the hundredth anniversary of most refreshing which he ever attend- 1815. In Malabar every church-mem- ed in China. Why? because Dr. Yang ber will be expected to make a con- is a man of faith and prayer, and he tribution of coins of whatever de- preaches "Christ crucified." nomination. This suggests the remark that the Christians of this mis- The Chinese Character sion, who now number, communicants and others, 18,602, are making re- AS" the late. Sir Robert Hart said: markable progress in liberality. . The Chmese are well behaved, law-abiding, intelligent, economical, Mission Schools in Ceylon and industrious. They can learn any- thing and do anything. They are T HE American COtlgregational punctiliously polite, they worship Mission in Ceylon has a system talent, and they believe in right so of 124 village schools, with 16,000 firmly that they scorn to think it rechildren in attendance. For the sup- quires to be supported or enforced port of these schools the home board by might. These qualities are not gives $570, the government appropri- simply to be found in isolated cases, ating yearly $14,000 for all expenses but are characteristic of the race as save religious instruction and the a whole." China's agricultural wealth upkeep of school buildings. But as may be estimated from the fact that the $4.50 per school appropriated by it sustains a population five times the board is hardly sufficient to pay as great as the United States upon the expenses of the religious instruc- a smaller area. The people of China tion, the school buildings themselves furnish the largest potential asset of are in pressing need of renewal. Two skilled and cheap labor of any nahundred doIlars would, on an aver- tion in the world. age, replace and equip each of these mud schools with a substitute one Traveling Then and Now of coral. A MISSIONARY writes: A new CHINA epoch has dawned in travel- ing in this part of China. We are o A Chinese Moody leaving the old and embracing the R. YANG'S parents and grand- new. We used to ride almost exclu- _ parents were Christians. He him- sively behind the "wooden-headed" self was brought up in the Methodist mule, but now the iron horse is slow- Episcopal Church and educated in the ly but surely displacing the mule on Methodist Episcopal institutions. He the great highways of North China. practised foreign medicine in an inter- The "Peking" cart has a far-away and ior city and made money, but his suc- classic sound, but as an instrument of cess gave him a proud heart, so that he torture for tired bodies and broken became cold toward God and man, and nerves it is not lightly to be dismissed; was only a nominal Christian. Then the comfortless and springless, it has held spirit of God showed him the evil in- its place for many hundreds of years fluence which he exerted, and a desire over the roads of North China. The to study the Bible was created within "patient" mule has dragged it through him. He read it morning, noon and myriads of morasses in the shape of night, until he was convicted, then con- mud roads, and over ages of rocky verted. He gave up his practise of roads, but in some places, at least, the medicine and became a teacher of the end is in sight. Bible. Like Moody, he is really a man of one book. He is now employed Passing of Chinese Idols by the Bible Study Committee to organize Bible study work throughout T HE idols of China are suffering the country. A short time ago he held from increasing neglect on the a series of meetings at Kashing. One part of the population. A writer in the Assembly Herald remarks: "The

shrewd, matter-of-fact, materialistic furloughs, two of which were spent Chinese peasant, prest for the next in England and one in the United meal, entertains no great respect for States.

ldols upon whom he spent hard-earned Miaaionary Conference at Swatow cash in offerings, but from whom he gets no help in his day of need. Nor I N spite of the rebellion in China, in these days of piping peace does it the missionaries of the South conduce to his awe of their power to China Baptist Mission held their ansee them, as one can now see them in nual conference at Swatow from Deevery section, fallen over against the cember 13th to 16th. The seven wall, with an arm or leg or sword central stations were represented, and gone. Often one sees the Buddhas, matters of great importance were dewith their sickly-placid smiles, dumped cided. The question of union in into a corner, helpless; or a hideous educational work with the English war-god, lying prone on his face and Presbyterian Mission in Swatow was broken like Dagon, with none so poor transferred to a special committee for to do him reverence. further consideration.

Educational work among the Hak- Dr. Griffith John kas will be undertaken in connection with the Southern Baptist Mission A FTER more than half a century in Canton, and a committee was ap- in the service of the L. M. S. pointed to lay before the Home in China, Dr. Griffith John has re- Board the facts concerning the large turned to his native land. A gray- emigration of the Swatow Chinese haired veteran, for he is now in his to Hongkong, Annam, Straits Settleeighty-first year, he is completely bro- ments, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and ken in health. Dr. John was born above all, to Siam, which calls for in Swansea, in r83 I, and was early the speedy sending out of missionconverted. He preached his first aries among these emigrants in their sermon at a small prayer-meeting in new homes. Strong action was taken a private house, when he was four- looking toward the opening of new teen years old. In 1855, when he stations in the unoccupied territory and his wife sailed for Shanghai, the to the west and northwest, which criticism was made that children were would form a link between the now sent to convert the Chinese. But Southern Baptists at Ying Tak and the "child" Griffith John grew into the China Inland Mission in southern a strong man who has founded more Kiang-si. than one hundred mission stations and has planted scores of churches. JAPAN From Shanghai he penetrated. the How a Japanese Was Converted A country in every direction, tho Han- JAPANESE Christian tells how he was won to Jesus: "A miskow became the center of his activi- ties. There he founded a hospital, sionary lady got 25 Japanese boys a high-school, a normal school, a di- into a class to tell us of Jesus. We vinity school for the training of na- had great curiosity to see this foreign tive evangelists, and a medical school. lady, and not caring about Jesus, we He has been indefatigable as a trans- did care to see how everything looked lator, having acquired an admirable -her dress, her books, her furniture, knowledge of the written and spo- her pictures. But every time she ken language of the people among would have us read the Bible. We whom he worked. He was also in- had the Gospel of Luke. We read strumental in establishing the great till we came to the crucifixion. She Central China Religious Tract So- could not speak Japanese; she had an ciety. English Bible, we had a Bible in J ap- Ee has spent only five years out anese language. When we read the of China since 1855; has had three story of the Cross, she got down on

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her knees and prayed for us. vVe The Presbyterian Host in Korea could not understand what she prayed, but we watched her close. Soon she T HE Korean Presbyterian Church began to cry. Then she fell on her is alert. In a membership of face, weeping bitterly. Then 25 Jap- 36,074, there are 6,308 men and women who serve the Lord as elders, anese boys cry, too. Then inside of deacons, leaders of tens, class leaders, three weeks, all us 25 boys give our Sabbath-school teachers, and in varihearts to Jesus." ous other ways, entirely at their own charges. There are only 78 organ- KOREA ized churches, but r,059 groups- churches to be-some of them with What God Is Doing in Pyeng Yang congregations of 400. Special classes for Bible study, lasting four days T HE station at Pyeng Yang was each or more, and including some established in 1895, a little more Bible institutes of a month, enrolled than sixteen years ago. It contains during the year ending September to-day about 6,000 Presbyterians 1st, 54,587 persons. and Methodists, and the Christian constituency is 10 per cent. of the The total number of adherents, total population. In the territory catechumens and members of the enaround Pyeng Yang, 27,720 more tire Presbyterian Church is only 108,- Christians are found, and they all 970. The gifts last year amounted aided during the past year the for- to $8I,309.I7 gold. If we estimate the eign missionaries and the seven or- ration of income between the churchdained pastors, the 57 evangelists, the membership in Korea and in the 63 women helpers, the 10 Bible col- United States as one to ten, the toporteurs, and the 1,700 Sunday-school tal contribution per communicant is teachers of the native force in mis- equivalent to $22.50. sionary effort. Thus it does not seem remarkable that the baptized num- Six thousand, eight hundred and bered 2,417 between October I, 1910, twenty-three adults were received on and September 30, I9II, while 3,854 confession of faith last year, and 14,- catechumens were received. In the 757 catechumens, or those under in- Bible institutes and Bible classes in struction preparatory to full mem- Pyeng Yang, 1,219 men and 981 bership. women received instruction, and they in turn instructed 12,163 men and One of the newest stations is at 6,369 women in country classes. In An Dong. First Christian service the 186 primary schools, 2,950 boys was held at An Dong in a book-store and 815 girls were taught by 296 -August, 1909, seven believers. On tellchers, while in the academies 316 the second anniversary, 220 enrolled boys and 140 girls attended under members. Seventy-three were exam- 25 teachers. The college had 49 ined for church-membership, the oldstudents this year, and a new build- est a woman of 73, the youngest a ing has been erected for them and girl of 8. for the boys of the academy. The theological seminary had 134 stu- Conditions in Formosa dents, and the graduating class had 16 members. The Christians of Pyeng T HE Japanese Government, SInce Yang territory contributed $29,524 the cession of Formosa to it by to the support and the extension of China sixteen years ago, has rendered the Church, and Koreans receive only life and property secure, built railabout one-eighth of what an Ameri- roads and other roads, and has so can earns per day. developed the country at large that it is self-supporting. The camphor Truly, the Lord is doing wonderful and opium industries are government things among and through the Ko- monopolies, but the use of opium is rean Christians. being discouraged and has decreased, so that its complete abolition is only a

question of time. The sugar indus- The country roads are infested by try is under severe restrictions, but bands of robbers, so that trade is the production is much larger than almost at a standstill. At Yezd, in the days of Chinese rule. Public which was recently a prey to looters, schools are being established among the supply of wheat from Shiraz has the Formosans, with Japanese teach- stopt, and bread is very scarce. The ers in charge, and the Japanese lan- roads are forsaken, the horses unguage is spreading rapidly. The re- derfed, and the people everywhere lations between the Japanese adminis- are starving. Add to these miseries tration and the people at large are the unhappy foreign. relations of constantly improving, tho there are Persia with Russia and Great Britain few Formosans in official positions at and one may well pity the Persian present. Government and people.

The mass of the Formosan people The Beirut Theological Seminary is still firmly held in the bonds of superstition and demonolatry. Thus, T HE Syria Mission (Presbyterian) the Canadian Presbyterian Mission, announces the reorganization of founded in I872 by the famous G. L. its theological seminary in Beirut 011 Mackay, in the north, and the Eng- an interdenominational basis. Inlish Presbyterian Mission, commenced struction will be chiefly in Arabic, in 1865, in the south, have done most and the course will cover three years. excellent work along evangelistic, English, Hebrew and Greek will be educational, and medical lines. They added to the regular courses in thehave gathered about I2,000 church- ology, history, geography, etc. Rev. members, and have 160 churches. But F. E. Hoskins, D.D., will be presithe wild savages of the eastern part dent, and the faculty will contain of the island are not yet reached. Messrs. Hardin, March and Ford as Of the 80,000 Japanese now in the other American members, with Mr. island, only 700 are connected with Ibrahim Haurani and .other Syrian the five Presbyterian and two Epis- scholars. A new building for the copal churches. While this number seminary will be erected at Beirut, of Christians is much greater in pro- and a class will begin in 1912. The portion to popUlation than that in Syrian Protestant College has prom- Japan itself, it is mainly due to the ised cooperation, and the opening of influx of Christians from Japan and the various departments of instrucnot to work done among the J apa- tion, of the library, and of the munese in Formosa. There is, there- seum to the students of the seminary. fore, urgent need of increased missionary activity among the Japanese A Call from Euphrates Colle&e in Formosa. The numerous members of the Kumi-ai churches are urging MANY Young Turks are utt~r1y the Japanese Home Missionary So- at sea in religion and morals. ciety, A. B. C. F. M., to enter the They and their associates from the field and open work, perhaps in Tai- Christian races have been educated hoku, the center. in European universities, where the religious influence was destructive, MOSLEM LANDS with the result that, as a rule, they are agnostic or atheistic in their Misgovernment in Persia opinions, and they have brought back loose moral ideas. Many openly scorn I N spite of the fact that Persia is the restraints which to us seem fun- now enjoying a democratic consti- damental. Truthfulness is despised, tution, misgovernment there was assassination is glorified, social purity probably never worse than at present. and the sanctity of the marriage re- Lawlessness is rife in the towns, and lation are ridiculed by men who are on December 1st the Governor of honored as leaders in the new life Fars was assassinated in Teheran. of the people.

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The future of Turkey undoubtedly Soon the sheik accepted Jesus as his depends on the education that future Lord and Savior. After his baptism leaders will receive. Euphrates Col- he returned to his village and began lege, at Harpoot, Asia Minor, is pre- to preach Christ immediately. Perse- paring to meet the needs of the mo- cution commenced. He was arraigned ment, but it must enlarge its facilities on a false charge, and imprisoned, and broaden its work before it can having boldly confest that his only meet the pressing demands. It needs crime was his faith in Christ. This funds for the purpose immediately. blest work goes on, a living proof • May its friends come to its aid. of the power of the surrendered life of the young man who caused him to What Mission Schools Are Doing become an inquirer.

AFTER a recent extensive tour AFRICA through the Orient, Secretary Patton, of the American Board, IHow the Dark Continent Was Peopled writes: "Mohammedanism can not N popular thought the Africans are long withstand the inroads of Chris- all negroes. But in reality the tian education and evangelistic effort. Dark Continent is a museum of races. Already our schools are drawing Mos- In the remote past, race after race lem pupils in goodly numbers. In the entered Africa from Arabia, and, heart of the Stamboul district of Con- driving the older invaders before stantinople stands the Gedik Pasha them, swept across the continent. school, conducted by our Woman's First were the bushmen, a diminutive Board. Never shall I forget walking copper-colored race of hunters. Land- into one of the rooms and finding 40 ing in the vicinity of Somaliland, they Turkish lads, the sons of Government wandered across the continent. officials and men of wealth. Straight- limbed, fine-featured, intelligent-look- The negro seems to have been the ing boys they were, and they hold the next important arrival. This power- future of Turkey in their hands. In ful black race pushed its way across other schools it is the same, especially Africa from east to west, until it in the colleges like Robert College, occupied all the country from Cape and the American Girls· College on the Verde to the Nile Valley. The bush- Bosporus, the Syrian Protestant Col- men turned their faces southward to lege at Beirut, and the institutions of avoid the inrush of negroes. the interior. In course of time Hamitic and Influence of a Spirit-filled Life Semitic tribes crossed the Isthmus of Suez or the Gulf of Aden into Af- A MISSIONARY of the C. M. S. rica, and gradually occupied the in Palestine tells a story which northern and northeastern regions. once more proves the power of a sur- rendered life in recommending the By intermarriage of negro and Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. A bushmen (and perhaps Hamite) the very wild and immoral young Mos- Hottentot race originated in the re- lem became a patient in the mission- gion north of the equatorial lakes. ary hospital. There he heard the Gos- At an unknown date these people, pel, and, by the grace of God, was driving their horned cattle before born again, a new creature in Christ them, emigrated southward, pushing and also completely changed in all his their way through the vast hunting- habits, he returned to his native vil- grounds of the fierce little bushmen, lage. So marked was the change that until they reached the southwestern it attracted the attention of the sheik coast. who immediately inquired after its cause. The reply which he received, After a lapse of centuries the bush- led him to visit the medical mission- men were again disturbed-this time ary, who preached Christ to him. by the powerful Bantu tribes. This hybrid people first appear north of the lakes, and may have originated

in the ingrafting of Hamitic and Gairdner and A. T. Upson in 1908. Semitic tribes upon a negro stock. The list is divided into three sec- A proud, imperial race they were, tions: ( I) Books specially for Mosand, disturbed in their original home, lems; (2) books for Jews; (3) books they swept over the southern half of for Christians. Africa. The conquest took centuries to accomplish, but gradually the Plans are being made for the speedy Bantu drove Bushman and Hottentot publication of suitable literature for alike into the southwest corner of women, and a "Directory of All the continent, and themselves occu- Workers Among Moslems, in All pied the mighty African peninsula. Lands" is under consideration. A" The L. M. S. work is among the small series of Arabic leaflets is be- Bantu people.-L. M. S. Chronicle. ing prepared in response to a special request from China. An Efficient Missionary Helper In its colportage work the Nile A NEW mission boat is to ply the Mission Press has entered upon a Nile. The American Mission plan of cooperation with the Church has purchased the Allegheny, at a Missionary Society, so that the Church cost of $5,00:). It will take the place Missionary Society takes the westof the Ibis, which has been used ern part of the Delta and the northfor many years. The new boat is ern provinces of Upper Egypt, the 74 feet long. It has a deck 60 feet Press takes the eastern part of the long, suitable for meetings, dining- Delta and the southern provinces of room, kitchen and bathroom. A barge Upper Egypt. The Press has five will be secured to tow with the boat, colporteurs who work hard, with to be used for a clinic and doctor's much opposition and amid great difoffice. Through the means of this ficulties. They are, however, meeting boat last year, the British and For- with encouraging success and greatly eign Bible Society distributed 28,0:)0 need funds to employ additional colcopies of the Bible or portions of porteurs and for a permanent and the same. d.dequate printing plant.

AFRICA-NORTH The Sudan Pioneer Mission The Nile Mission Press WHEN the Sudan Pioneer Mis- sion was founded in Germany T HE Nile Mission Press, founded in I905 for the twofold purpose in 1900, there were few who conof producing and circulating Chris- sidered aggressive missionary work tian literature among the people of among the Mohammedans feasible, Egypt and other countries, especially and many who took an active part in among Mohammedans, continues to its organization thought that it should do a great work. It has published simply prepare the way for future recently four more "KhutDas," writ- aggressive work in southern Egypt ten for Moslems by Sheik Abdullah and in the Sudan. Four years later with the aid of European mission- it was decided that the way was aries. The three addresses on per- open for aggressive missionary effort sonal purity which Dr. John Mott among Mohammedans, and the repdelivered to young men in Cairo dur- resentatives of the Sudan Pioneer ing his visit in March, I9II, have Mission began to work earnestly at been printed in Arabic and English, Assuan, which had been occupied and nearly one thousand copies were soon after the founding of the missold in the first two or three months sion. Darau was occupied in I907, after their publication. The Press and a third station, Edfu, in Novemhas issued a new edition of the Der, I9II. "Descriptive Guide to Books," which was brought out by Messrs. VI!. H. T. The missionaries of the Sudan Pi- oneer Mission are still the only mes- sengers of the Gospel among the

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large number of Mohammedans in him more of God's Word. But he Nubia, while in the Sudan they are hesitates and halts, when he sees in close cooperation with other so- others about to accept Christ, and cieties. Their work consists in his people approach him with compreaching, in medical missionary and plaints and fears concerning the in educational work, in visiting among spread of Christianity. the women, and in itinerant work in the surrounding villages. The t'oO Among Mohammedans in Togoland schools for girls at Assuan and Edfu have about 150 pupils, while all the I N Togoland, the German colony in evangelistic meetings are well at- Vest Africa, the number of Motended. The four Gospels have been hammedans has been increasing so translated into the Nubian language rapidly, and the danger of a spread (Kenuzi dialect), and are to be pub- of Islam has been so apparent during lished by the British and Foreign the past years, that the director of Bible Society, probably with Latin the North German Missionary Socharacters. Thus, after more than ciety, Dr. Schreiber, in his annual re- 1,000 years, the Nubian language is port for 1901, asked, "Shall the to be printed. The introduction of building of the minaret of a Mo- Latin letters, in place of the Arabic, hammedan mosque precede the erecmay counteract somewhat the use of tion of the tower of a Protestant the language of Islam, and thus break church in Lome?" Ten years later, the power of that religion. at the seventy-fifth anniversary of the society, we heard Dr. Schreiber The missionary force of the Sudan call attention to the danger threaten- Pioneer Mission consists of seven ing the heathen Erhe in Togoland European and five native workers, from the aggressive missionary spirit while four additional European la- of the Hausa traders, and said: "It borers are preparing to be sent out is our duty to pay attention to these in the autumn of this year. Mohammedans in Togoland." A few days later the executive committee of AFRICA-WEST the North German Society took ac- tion very quietly, and it instructed An Emir Almost Persuaded Missionary Funke, of Lome, then on furlough, to commence work among ONE of the earliest converts of the the Hausa in Lome immediately af- Church Missionary Society in ter his return to the field. About northern Nigeria, Mallam Fate, main- the middle of November Mr. Funke, tains himself by means of a sewing- therefore, quietly opened aggressive machine. Last fall the Emir of Kat- work among the Mohammedans in sina, a Hausa State, invited him to Lome. Thus an important forward his palace, and Fate worked his ma- step has been taken by this German chine daily in his presence, sur- society. The new work will strengthen rounded by princes and courtiers. the hands of the missionaries of the The faithful Christian daily spoke Basel Missionary Society, who are of his faith, and used his Arabic getting ready to enter North Togo- Bible diligently. He also visited the land and try to stem the tide of Momallams in the city, and he taught hammedanism sweeping in upon its some to read the Gospels in the heathen inhabitants. Hausa Roman character. When the Emir went on a five days' journey Islam on the Gold Coast he took Fate with him, saying, "I dare not leave you in the city lest DURING the days of the old heayou should convert others." But Fate then kings of Ashantiland few found many opportunities to speak of Christ, and now the Emir himself Mohammedans elared to settle in Kuhas become a diligent inquirer, and masi, but since the country has come frequently asks the Christian to tell under English rule, Mohammedans have come from the Sudan, from

Timbuctu and Sokoto, from Moroc- hitherto, selected Uhha as its new co, and multitudes of Mohammedan field of labor. It is located north- Hausas flood the country. These east of Ujiji, which is the most im- Hausas settle in quarters of their portant commercial center on the own, called Songos, wherever they eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika, come in large numbers. In Wankyi and is the endpoint of the future the Songo is larger in extent and German East Africa transcontinental population than the Ashanti town, railroad. Uhha is very fertile, pro- while four to six thousand Moham- ducing, beside tropical fruits of all medans inhabit the distinct quarter kinds, dates, rubber, coffee, cotton, of Kumasi. The Protestant societies oranges, and also almost all kinds on the Gold Coast Colony (the S. P. of European grain and vegetables.

G., the Basel Society, the Wesleyan Its inhabitants, the Waha, however, Methodists, and the American Bap- have shown hitherto much hostility tists) should pay especial attention to to the German Government, and have these followers of Islam, who un- a bad name on account of frequent doubtedly retard and endanger Chris- attacks upon caravans and upon ru- tian work for Africans. lers and tribes friendly to the Ger- AFRICA-EAST mans. The Neukirchen Missionary So- Extension in German East Africa ciety, whose laborers have been busy S TRETCHING from the coast of hitherto in British East Africa and the Indian Ocean to Lakes Tan- upon Java, have chosen as its new, ganyika and Nyasa, German East third field, U rundi, which is lo- Africa has an area of about 375,000 cated a little northeast from the square miles, and a popUlation of northern end of Lake Tanganyika about 7,000,000, of whom the ma- and not far from the borders of the jority are fetish worshipers. The Kongo Free State. It is south of Moravians, the Berlin, the Leipsic, Ruanda and Usumbura, where the and the German East Africa Mis- missionaries of the German East Af- sionary Societies, the Church Mis- rica Missionary Society are doing a sionary Society, and the Universities blest work. The first Neukirchen Mission have been diligently at work, missionaries are erecting the first yet much territory remained unoc- buildings in Iruvura under great difcupied. The Leipsic Society has, ficulties. therefore, decided to occupy new ter- Thus the great stretches of land ritory in the colony, while two other in German East Africa, where no German societies, Breklum and Neu- missionaries were located hitherto, are rapidly being taken up by the kirchen, will also enter. The Leipsic Missionary Society se- German societies, which are now reallected the Kilimanjaro region, and izing their special responsibility for two of its missionaries have occu- the German colonies.

pied Iramba. The new field is a AFRICA-SOUTH table-land with about 50,000 inhabit- A South African "Orient" ants, who are settled closely together.

T vVhile Roman Catholic missionaries HE next triennial conference of missionaries, representing all the have taken possession of Turu, which is south of Iramba, the regions of. agencies at work in South Africa, Iramba and of Isansu and Ijambi is to be held at Cape Town in are entirely unoccupied. The German July, and is to be made a very spe- Government is planning a railroad cial and memorable occasion. A mis- (Mpapua-Kilimatinde-Taboral) ,which sionary demonstration or exhibition will make the region easily accessible. on a very large scale is being or- The Breklum Missionary Society, ganized to show the place mis~ions which has had work in India only have occupied in the past of South

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Africa, and their intimate relation fered to any churches which wish to to the present situation and the pro- erect hostels in connection with the motion of harmony between whites college, and three important churches and blacks. Mr. J. Du Plessis, the have taken the first steps to this end.

historian of South African Christian The college, tho not giving formal missions, is organizing the exhibl- religious instruction, is to be Chris- tion, and Messrs. Thomas G. Howe tian in tone and character.

and F. Holderness Gale (who were Are Not "Rice Christians" actively interested in promoting The Orient in London) are cooperating. I N the Limpopo district, Portuguese The bioscope will play a very large East Africa, there are 10 native part in the demonstration at Cape workers-one third of the entire Town. A cinematograph operator number in this one district-who acis to be sent round the mission fields, cept no salaries, thus making a conand the films will be reproduced first tribution of about $600 a year toward hand in South Africa. native self-support in that one dis- trict.

Racialism in South Africa Dying Out Let Others Do Likewise BRITON and Boer are showing ad- T HE White Fathers, Catholic mis- mirable qualities in their way of sionaries on Lake Tanganyika, solving the difficult problem that con- have hit on a practical plan for fronts them in South Africa. Happi- checking the Mohammedan propaly the leading men are men guided by ganda which is carried on by Arab Christian principle, men who seem traders. They have trained the nato be honestly striving to apply the tives in trading, so that the needs of Sermon on the Mount to the demands the country are met by the inhabitof the situation. At a great congress ants, and Arab interlopers, with their of all parties recently held at Dloem- vices and their religion, are no longer fontein, General Botha (presiding) able to make a living there. exprest the hope that influences would Once a Savage, Now a Saint radiate from that gathering which TEWART WHITE, who pio- S would "sweep South Africa clear of neered English missions on Lake racialism !" The language difficulty is one of the most formidable, but they Tanganyika, tells of a chief in his have apparently discovered a way out, neighborhood, .who, in order to vex so that there seems every prospect the missionary, cut off the ears, nose that South Africa will be presently and lips of an old woman and sent them into the station with his com~ a great white man's country. pliments. Later his headsman, with T Wesleyan Work Prospering a raiding band, descended upon the HE English Methodist lIission in mission garden and beheaded three South Africa has 3,609 volun- of the men peacefully working there. tary workers (i.e., teachers, local. This headsman is now a Christian, preachers, and class leaders) on its and sits at the Lord's table with roll. It built last year IS new churches those he once persecuted. and opened 86 new preaching sta- tions. A Second Uganda N November last Bishop Peel re- I N December, 190 5, a g-reat conven- turned to Mombasa from a visita- A Notable Native Achievement I tion of natives, representing prac- tion in German East Africa, amazed tically every tribe in South Africa, at the great progress made since the decided to raise $250,000 for a South tour in 1907-8. In an account of his African native college. This has recent visitation the Dishop writes; now been practically pledged and "My eldest daughter, who has trav- the college is to be located at Port eled with me three times in all the Hare. Grants of land have been of- districts previously, is able to very

fully realize with me what a grand reduced to writing. Gazaland, on the change has taken place. It is diffi- East Coast, and the Portuguese terri- cult to convey to you a correct idea tory, Swazieland, Zululand, Pondo- of what is happening. Heathenism land, all have thousands of natives is hard hit in the whole field. All who are still without the Gospel. hostility has vanished in places in They are sadly degraded through which, to say the least, there was no beer-drinking and heathen customs, welcome in past days. In every part but their sad condition can be reme- which the missionaries and their Af- died only by the preaching of the rican helpers can possibly reach there Gospel. Thus the missionary needs is interest and readiness to be in- of South Africa are numerous and structed, and in very large areas great. there are very active efforts to attend the teaching given."-c. M. S. AMERICA Gleaner. A Fitting Centennial Celebration The Needs of South Africa I T was a happy thought on the part THE South Africa General Mission of the officials of the American was organized in 1894, out of Board to keep the hundredth annithe older Cape· General Mission, for versary of the ordination of its first the evangelization of nonchristians, missionaries, Judson, N ewell, Hall, for the rousing of the Christian Nott and Rice, in Salem, and in the Church to a holier life, and for the same church, hy ordaining five other aid of existing evangelical missions missionaries soon to sail, Harlow, and churches in Africa. Its fields Holmes, Lette, Lyman and Maas. are the whole of South Africa, Nyasaland, and Portuguese East Af- Thirty-six hundred were in attendrica. During 191 I there has been ance at the services of the day, which encouraging development in the well- scores of persons said was the most established centers in South Africa. impressive ceremonial they ever wit- At Lutubeni, the Lord has sent a nessed. very definite revival, which still continues. In Gazaland the attendance Christian Endeavor Moving On at the missionary schools has increased, while the numbers of in- SINCE July, 1909, no less than 10,- quirers seem to point to definite re- 345 new societies have been added sults. In Northwest Rhodesia the with 1,002,500 members. The worldwork is to be extended to a new cen- wide organization has 79,977 local ter or centers, while in Nyasaland bodies, which have 3,953,850 memevidence of the persevering labors of bers. China alone has 781 societies, the missionaries is appearing. In and India 1,337. Pondoland and in Transkei varied experiences of encouragement and Shansi Day at Oberlin disappointment have come to the workers. In Swazieland the youth- A GREAT event of the Oberlin ful king and his mother have shown College year is Shansi Day, when friendship and confidence to the mis- the college subscriptions are taken sionaries, while the work in Zululand for the benefit of the "new Oberlin has been a constant source of en- in China," now four years old. Alcouragement. ways the day following the Day of Prayer for Colleges, it is well ad- To the westward of Northwest vertised a week in advance, but no- Rhodesia there are many tribes which body dodges the collection! The big are unacquainted with the Gospel. chapel is unusually well filled, and They are farmers and cattle-raisers, all come for business. To raise $2,000 and have a dialect which may readily in ten minutes for a foreign mission- ary enterprise is something worth seeing. And to do this in a con- gregation of college young people, one-third of them more or less self-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

supporting, is perhaps unusual. But Christian service started. Thirtythey do it, and more. one years have witnessed a tremen- dous growth. According to the last The Harvest Great, the Laborers Few :eport issue~, out-of-door army meet- mgs numbermg 173,000, were held in TWENTY-FIVE of the principal twelve months, with an estimated at- tendance of some I 5,000,000. Inforeign missionary societies of door meetings of the Army num- bered 2I5,000 in a year, attended by the United States and Canada have 8,000,000 adults and 1,500,000 chil- dren. It is no unusual sight for sent to the "Student Volunteer Move- sinful men who have been touched on the street corner to follow the ment for Foreign Missions" urgent band of workers into the hall or bar- racks, and there give their hearts to calls for 629 qualified men and women, God. Those claiming their conversion whom they wish to send to the mis- last year through this method number 46,554. sion field this year. This list in- A College for Religious and Social cludes a request for both men and Workers women. The men desired are 244 HE American Interchurch College ordained and: evangelistic workers, T for Religious and Social W ork- ers, at Nashville, Tenn., is being or- 48 physicians, 50 teachers, and a ganized by educators to meet the needs of the South. Its board of number of practical business men. directors is composed of some well- known Christian leaders and educa- The women desired are 114 evan- tors. Among the special reasons for its organization are: gelistic workers and Bniobrlematleatcehaecrhs~ 82 trained college or ( I) That there is not in all the South, east of the Mississippi River, ers, 26 physicians, 22 nurses, and a any school adequately equipped for the training of laymen and women as number of kindergarten and music spec!alists m religious and social servIce. teachers, orphanage directors, etc. (2) That five denominations, the Laymen's Movement Plans Y. M. C. A., and the Y. W. C. A. urgently need training schools in the OUR Laymen's Missionary Move- South, but that they can not estab- ment, with its general staff and 20 lish separate and adequate training schools, because it takes at least a salaried secretaries, issues its policy half million dollars for the endowand program for 1912 and 1913 as ment and equipment of each. follows: To keep world-wide missions in the minds of laymen; to co- (3) That Northern training schools operate with denominational move- do not enlist enough Southern stuments to organize every church for dents to supply the demands of the missions; and to increase information South. concerning missions, and contributions from laymen to them. It an- (4) That the South probably needs nounces again its supreme function trained workers more than any other to leadership, and this leadership it part of the United States, on account will seek to apply both to the move- of rapidly changing social and ecoments within various religious bodies nomic conditions, of illiteracy and and to the organized and official attendant evils, and of the large nemissionary societies. As methods it gro population. proposes five metropolitan centers, and suggests New York, Boston, Chicago, Richmond, and Toronto as such centers. At great conventions to be held at these centers it would secure as speakers men whose missionary message will command attention.

THEA Year of the Salvation Army Salvation Army in the United States had its beginning in Philadelphia in 1880. In an old building which had been used as a place to repair chairs this form of

The Nashville Institute for the schools of North America during the Training of Negro Christian W ork- last five years. If we include the ers is to be a department of the young men of the senior department American Interchurch College, but with the men of the adult departments, entirely separate and distinct from and all the men who are officers and the institution for white students. teachers, we should find probably that Its board of directors asks for its there are from two and a half to three support because there is not in all million young men enrolled in the the world an adequately equipped schools of this continent. negro institution for the training of laymen and women as religious and What Every Church Should Have social workers, because there is not a sufficient number of negro stu- ACCORDING to the Men's Missiondents being trained in Northern insti- ary Movement, to every church tutions to meet the growing demands these four adjuncts are essential: for workers among the negroes of the South, and because the colored I. A missionary committee to work denominations are unable to establish with the pastor in enlisting the entire and operate their own separate train- membership. ing-schools. The first session of the school will be opened on September 2. A period of intensive missionary 12, 1912, at No. 323 Sixth Avenue, information and education once each N., Nashville, Tenn. year, continuing through at least two or three weeks, preparatory to an A conference of missionary train- every-member canvass for missions. ing-school workers is to be held in This should be in addition to general St. Louis in connection with the Re- missionary education throughout the ligious Education Association. year.

New York a Native or Foreign City? 3· The adoption of the weekly basis for missionary offerings-instead of OF every 100 white residents of an annual or occasional collection- Manhattan, only 51 are native with a simple and effective collecting Americans, and only 14 have native device such as the duplex envelop. American parents. In the Borough of Queens, 70 out of a ·chance 100 4. An organized and complete perwhites are native born, but even in sonal canvass of every member and Queens only 29 of the 100 are of congregation once each year by groups native American parents. Of a.ll the of two men each, after proper preparaelements of the population of Ne~ tion for their work. York, the most nearly "native American" are the negroes. The majority Agitation for Universal Peace of the 91,702 negroes in New York City are not only themselves native A N exchange thus sums up the first born, but come of native parents and year's work of the Carnegie grandparents.-Christian Advocate. Foundation for the Promotion of In- ternational Peace: "The Carnegie I The Greatest Men'. Organization Foundation for the Promotion of In- T is estimated that about 40 per ternational Peace, now a year old, has cent. of North America's Sunday- established a summer school of interschool army of 15,000,000 are over national law at The Hague, adopted eighteen years of age; and one of the an unexcelled program for the study most remarkable features in the re- of the causes of war, started an intercent development of the Sunday-school change of professors and publicists is found in the large number of men between Latin-America and the Unitidentified with it. Probably 500,000 ed States, has sent President Eliot men have been added to the Sunday- upon a peace journey to Asia, and has accomplished much more for interna- tional friendship and the abolition of war."

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Chinese Converts in America organizations among Chinese students in the United States, viz.: the Chinese A YEAR or two ago 20 Chinese Students' Alliance (social chiefly), the students in the University of Illi- Academy of Arts and Science (ennois were gathered into a Bible-c1a~s couraging investigation of knowledge) in the Urbana Methodist Church, and the Chinese National Union none at the time being Christians. A (political). Almost all the important recent investigation shows that 17 offices in these three organi~ations are have confest their faith in Christ, filled by the members of the Chinese and the three remaining are deeply Students' Christian Association this interested in Christianity, altho not year. yet definitely committed to a change of faith. These young men will re- EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN turn to China to assume positions of large influence in the new nation. Chinese Students' Christian Union of Chinese Students' Christian Association Great Britain and Ireland THE purpose of the Chinese Stu- I N the early part of 1908 a few dents' Christian Association is to Chinese Christian students met in unite all the Chinese Christian students London for prayer and Bible study. in North America for the promotion Others joined the little circle, which of growth in Christian character and after a few monthly meetings, was for carrying on Christian work for organized into the Chinese Students' and by the Chinese students. It was Christian Union of Great Britain and organized in Hamilton, N. Y., in Ireland. Its aims are to establish September, 1909, with 20 Christian and strengthen the members in the and 35 non-Christian Chinese students knowledge and love of God, and to (out of a total of 470 then in the seek to bring other Chinese students United States) present. In I9IO it to a knowledge of the Lord Jesus was divided info four departments, Christ. Seven or eight Chinese stuviz.: the Eastern, the Middle West, dents have been brought to Christ the Western and the Women's De- through the instrumentality of the partments. Twenty-seven classes for members of the Union. Some of them Bible study were especially organized have returned to China after the comfor Chinese students by the associa- pletion of their studies. The Union tion during that year, while three con- has now 47 members, of which 31 ferences were held during the sum- are active members; that is, Chinese mer. At present it has 330 members. students. It has been the means of The importance of the Chinese uniting the Chinese Christian students Students' Christian Association be- in Great Britain and Ireland, and has comes apparent when we hear that done much to strengthen its memthere are now 362 Chinese students bers spiritually. in the leading universities of the United States, and altogether over 800, in- EUROPE cluding 60 girls in universities and secondary schools. Michigan heads Waldensians of Italy Pressing Forward the list with 56, then comes Cornell THE men of Italy are to-day pracwith 46, Columbia with 45, Wiscon- tically without a religion: They have largely become indifferent to the sin with 35, Illinois with 41, Berkeley Roman Church, dissatisfied both with with 22, Harvard with 21, etc. From its teachings and its interference in these men will come China's future State affairs. Antagonism between lawyers, educators, doctors, engineers, Church and State continues. There in fact, leaders in every walk of life. are fewer pilgrimages to Rome, and They will play an important part in national feeling is increasing at the the regeneration of China. expense of the Roman Church. The Waldensians are taking advantage of There are three other important this disaffection and are aggressively

pushing their work. From their orig- into one, the Societe Centrale Evan- inal valleys, southwest of Turin, they gelique.

have dotted Italy and Sicily with This society is unable, however, to churches and mission stations, and meet the religious needs of these dis- have extended their work to Egypt, semines, or scattered Protestants.

Argentine and Uruguay. Most of the How great these needs are may be larger cities of Italy now have self- seen from the following facts. In sustaining Waldensian congregations, the department of Cantal, in southern and buildings commensurate with their France, there is no settled Protestant needs. In Rome a large new building minister. In the Basse Alps there is is rising across the Tiber. one Protestant minister, serving a Everywhere this once persecuted mission station supported by the people is gaining esteem. This may Evangelical Society of Geneva, but be seen from the fact that the three there is no other Protestant church.

governesses of the children of the The departments of Aube (close to Italian king and queen are 'vValdensian Paris), of Indre, of Landes (in the young women. The Waldenses num- extreme southwest), of Mayenne, of ber among their members many of Vienne, of Sarthe, of Morbihan (in the leaders in business and profes- southern Brittany, where once the sional life in the various cities of Italy. McAll Mission had a prosperous Marconi, the inventor of the wireless work), and of Corsica, have one telegraph, is a member of the Walden- Protestant minister each. Nine de- sian Church in Leghorn. partmen ts with only one Protestant church or mission station, and one Russia and the Bible 111 inister each!

G ENERALLY, Russia has prohib- Eleven other departments have ited Bibles that do not contain only two Protestant churches and the Apocrypha or spurious books. two ministers each, while there are Occasionally, the presses of the Holy still others with only four or five Synod have printed an edition without churches or mission stations.

the Apocrypha, but even now the The Protestant churches of France British and Foreign Bible Society, are scarcely able to meet their own which agrees entirely with the Ameri- needs, yet they are doing their best to aid the scattered Protestants in can Bible Society on this question. is their relig'ious destitution. These deseeking permission, in vain, in order scendants of the Huguenots should not be neglected. to circulate another such edition. Consequently, its colporteurs can circulate only such portions as the Pentateuch, OBITUARY NOTE Psalms or the New Testament, never an entire Bible in Russian, without the Rev. A. Boegner, of Paris Apocrypha. P ASTEUR A. BOEGNER, who FRANCE visited America a year ago in Religious Needs of French Protestants the interests of French evangelical missions. died in Paris recently from FEW people realize that there are the result of a stroke of apoplexy.

in many parts of France numer- He was the director of the "Societe a ous descendants of the Huguenots, des Missions Evangelique ches les who are almost destitute of religious Peuple non-Chretiens Etablie privileges. In their behalf the Frencll Paris," otherwise known as the Paris home mission societies, the Societe Evangelical Missionary Society. He Centrale and the Societe Evangelique, was a leading figure in French Prot- were founded, the first early in the estant religious and missionary· circles nineteenth century, the other some and a man of fine Christian spirit, years later. Both are now merged ability and devotion. AND MISSION LANDS OTHER SHEEP. By Harold Begbie. 8vo, fuses faith and superstition (calling faith "a stumbling-block to the evo- 355 pp. $1.50, net. Hodder & Stough- lution of humanity"), he shows that ton, London; George H. Doran, New faith in Christ and His Gospel is York, 1912. the great essential to true progress. lIr. Begbie would be more in his "Twice-born Men" was a strong element if he would confine himself to narrative and omit his philosophy. book, with remarkable stories of men In the former he excels-in the latter he fails. converted through the instrumentality CHRIST AND ISRAEL. By Adolph Saphir, of the Salvation Army. Me Beg- D.D. 12mo, 227 pp. 3s. 6d. Morgan bie's later volumes, however, have & Scott, London, 1911. contained too much of Me Begbie Adolph Saphir, the capable and deand his philosophy, and too little of voted Jewish Christian, was a man of thorough knowledge of his people God and His Word. This latest con- and of God, as revealed in Christ and His Word. An earnest Christribution to the philosophy of con- tian can not read this volume without having his faith stimulated in the version deals with India and the Sal- Dible as the Word of God and in the divine purpose to redeem Israel. vation Army. The author visited that Dr. Sophir records the fact that the fruit of Jewish missions is not empire for a very brief time, and small, as is often supposed, but that twenty-five years ago 300 converts saw its people, its missionaries and from Judaism were occupying Chris- tian pUlpits. He truly says that 'fonly mission work largely through the a true Christian can understand the claims of the Jews, because they only eyes of Commander Booth Tucker, know that the righteousness of the law and mere morality are not sufthe Fakir Singh, of whom he presents ficient."

a strong, attractive portrait. Mr. CHRIST AND HUMAN NEED. Addresses at the Conference on Foreign Missions Begbie is enthusiastic in his esti- and Social Problems, Liverpool, Janu- ary 2 to 8, 1912. 8vo, 210 pp. 25, net. mate of Salvation Army work, .but Paper. Student Volunteer Missionary Union, London, 1912. not always safe in his judgment; he This report has been issued in recquotes the Bible and commends the ord-breaking time. The volume con- tains the addresses of the Fifth Quadconverts, but he is weak in his un- rennial Conference of the British Student Volunteer Missionary Union. derstanding of the teachings of the It was the largest ever held, having a total registered attendance of 2,093 Bible as to Christ and his salvation delegates, including ISO from abroad -Austria, Bulgaria, Russia and Tur- Mr. Begbie is effective in his narra- key. The social problems were giv- tives of conversion, but weak in his explanation of the causes and meth- ods. He is picturesque and graphic, but his philosophy is tiresome and does not grip or convince. He mis- interprets some missionaries in say- ing that they teach God as the "au- thor of their damnation," or that they so present God as to make Him con- founded in the Hindu mind with the devil. Mr. Begbie also fails to un- derstand the Atonement as taught by missionaries ..

Notwithstanding some conspicuous wboeoakk.nesIstes~ehveoawlsevethr,e this is a strong need in India in glaring colors-a need which only Christ can supply. It also shows the effect of simple Christlike life and teaching on the Hindu mind. In spite of the fact that the author conen a prominent place in the program, as abutlt 70,000, a total of 146,508. and the delegates were made to feel The majority of Roman Catholic their responsibility for the reproach Christians are in the Nagasaki provupon Christ because of social condi- ince, and are the result of the work of tions at home and abroad. Francis Xavier, his associates and successors, three centuries ago. Be- In the morning and afternoon ses- tween eight and ten thousand Protsions the case was examined and diag- estant church-members are added each nosed. The darkness in non-Christian year. lands was revealed in its causes and consequences. In the evening ses- THE GEOGRAPHY OF CHINA. By Horatio B. sions the remedy was presented in Hawkins, M.A. 4to. Commercial Jesus Christ-a series of addresses Press, Limited, Shanghai, 1911. dealing with His character and life, His place in history, His death and The appearance of this atlas does resurrection and His indwelling. great credit to the Chinese press from which it is isuued. The maps are One noticeable feature in this con- clear and simple, but not at all comvention is the number of speakers plete in their location of cities and whose names are new to American towns. The general description is readers. Few of the famous mission- excellent, but elementary. Englishary advocates were present, but there Chinese students have the advantage was, nevertheless, evidence of spir- of proper names, being printed in itual fervor and power. The report both languages. The volume is well contains not so much a series of edu- illustrated to show the character of cational papers on mission lands as the country, ancient and modern eninspirational addresses on spiritual gineering feats, views of cities and of needs and ideals-brotherhood, social villages, trades and customs, schools betterment, religious charges, unrest, and temples, industries and trades. educational work and intercession. Each province has a separate map and chapter. The volume could not, in THE CHRIsnAN MOVEMENT IN JAPAN. any sense, take the place of such an Edited by Daniel C. Greene. 12mo,600 atlas as that of the China Inland Mis- pp. The Kyobunkwan, Tokyo, Japan, sion, prepared by Mr. Edward Stan- 1911. ford, but it is most interesting and useful for a general elementary study This ninth annual issue of the or reference book. Many of the Japanese Mission Year Book con- photographic illustrations are of tains much that is of great interest, unique interest. for the past year was one of great historical importance. Christianity is ZIGZAG JOURNEYS IN THE CAMEL COUNTRY. making it,S way, Japan as a nation is By Dr. and Mrs. S. M. Zwemer. Illusreaching out, and ethical ideals are trated, 8vo, 125 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming changing. Dr. Greene has given us, H. Revell Co., 191 L not a missionary year book only, but one that deals with all phases of J ap- Arabia, the land of the horse, the anese life. The foreign affairs are camel. spices, gems, dates, pearls and considered, the anarchist plot, the Islam, is here delightfully presented politica! parties, commerce, education, in pictl1re and story for the benefit of industrial conditions and the religious children of all ages. Dr. and Mrs and missionary situation. Like its Zwemer are charming guides, for predecessors, this volume will be eag- they .>peak the language of the naerly welcomed and frequently con- tives, they know the customs and the sulted by all deeply interested in the historY, they see the most interesting progress of Japan. The official places and people, and are fuIJ of statistics of Christian churches (De- cheery, good humor, and Christian cember, I 909 ) gives the number of common sense. We commend the Roman Catholics as 62,158, of Greek book highly for interest and informa- Catholics as 15,098 and Protestants tion.

12 ] BOOKS ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

AN OPEN LETTER TO SOCIETY. From Con- CHUNDRA LELA. By Z. F. Griffin. 12mo, vict 1776. Introduction by Miss Maud 84 pp. SO cents, net. Griffith & Row- BaBington Booth. 12mo, 160 pp. 75 land Press. Philadelphia, Pa., 1911. cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1911. Chundra Lela, the converted Hindu priestess, was a famous convert, The "nameless writer" writes from whose story has been frequently told. the standpoint of a prison cell. The The writer of this memoir, a missionletter is not bitter or prejudiced, but ary in India, was personally acquaintis candid, clear and convincing. It ed with Chundra Lela, and from her arraigns modern conditions in prison lips received most of her story. It is life, and those who know and care brief and of deep interest-an excelwill admit that most of his charges are lent book with which to answer artrue. The evils are not perhaps so gla- guments against the good results of ring as those that existed fifty or sev- foreign missions. enty-five years ago, when Charles Reade wrote his "Never Too Late to DR. ALEC'S SONS. By Irene H. Barnes. Mend," but they are none the less Illustrated. 12mo, 192 pp. Is. 6d. bad and should be remedied. The London Missionary Society, 1912. writer objects to the general assignment of criminals to one "criminal Those who became acquainted with class." He has some wise remarks to Dr. Alec will be glad to follow the make on punishment and its effects. f.ort~nes of his sons. It is a story of The picture of the peniteniary, its hfe III England and how the boys' inmethods and value furnishes food for terest in foreign missions was awakthought. The effort of courts of jus- ened and directed. Adventure and tice is, as a rule, to punish, not to re- sentiment add the usual relish, but dress or reform and, therefore, the the purpose of the book is clear and penitentiary is often a curse to society strong. The tone is wholesome and rather than a blessing. the interest well sustained.

Convict 1776 believes and says EVERY MAN'S RELIGION. George Hodges. much to prove that "fear of the law 12mo, 297 pp. $1.50, net. The Macmildoes not result in reformation." He lan Co., 1911. rightly holds that one who desires to commit a crime is in reality a crim- Dean Hodges, of Cambridge, in his inal, and therein he follows the teach- essays on religion, says that "the ing of Jesus Christ. No. 1776 also background of every man's religion is holds that when a man 'ceases to de- the fact of mystery." This is, no sire to commit a crime he ceases to be doubt, true, but the basis of the Chrisa criminal. He believes in giving tian religion is the fact of revelation. convicted men a chance to earn an These essays take up some of the imhonest livelihood, to learn a better portant problems of religion in conway of life and to have' awakened nection with revelation, miracles, within him a desire for better' things. character, the world, the flesh .and the He suggests that punishment fit the devil, happiness and eternal life. To crime, and that offenders against pros- us and to many others, Dean Hodge's perity be compelled to work to re- view of the Bible is inadequate. He store what they have injured and to calls it "A number of the most useful pay the expense of the legal action- of the books of religion, bound tothat is all. gether. They contain the experiences and conclusions of men who were The letters are exceedingly well masters of the religious life." His written and are worthy of careful view of inspiration accepts errors in reading. They do not deal with of- the Bible "in science, history, morals, fenses against God, or with the power and even in theology." He rather beof Christ to regenerate a life. This lieves that the Bible is merely a recis natural, but it is also the weakness ord of the experiences and views of of the plans of reformation suggested. uncommon people-those who were able by nature to make spiritual dis-

coveries. Nevertheless, he believes THE S'JORY OF [(OREA. By Joseph iI. Long- that this revelation is a disclosure of ford. 8vo, 400 pp. lOs. 6d., net. 1'. God. Fishel' Unwin, London, 1912. Dean Hodges believes in some THE STOLEN BRIDEGROOM AND OTHER EAST miracles and explains their use, but INDIAN IDYLLS. By Anstice Abbott. Il- he relegates the story of Jonah to fic- lustrated, 12mo. 75 cents, net. Fleming tion, and other miracles to poetry or H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. parable. He views the devil as the spirit of evil rather than as an evil FARMERS OF FORTY CENTURIES, OR, PERMA- spirit-a personality. Every man's re- NENT AGRICULTURE IN CHINA, KOREA AND ligion is an attempt to expound relig- JAPAN. By F. H. King. Illustrated, ion .as a philosophy rather than as a 441 pp. $2.50, net. Mrs. F. H. King, supernatural revelation. Madison, Wis., 1911.

THE OLD FAITHS AND THE NEW GOSPEL. CHIN A SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS. By Rev. A. B. Simpson. 12mo, 161 pp. The Annals of the American Academy The Alliance Press, New York, 1911. of Political and Social Science. Janu- These addresses are in marked con- ary, 1912. Per year, $6.00; per number, trast to the papers by Dean Hodges. $1.00. Issued Bimonthly by the Ameri- They combat the modern views of theology as to creation, Biblical criti- can Academy of Political and Social cism, the place of ethical culture, Science, Philadelphia. miracles and socialism. They also up- hold the belief and practise in modern A HISTORY OF WESTERN TIBET; ONE OF THE UNKNOWN EMPIRES. By Rev. A. H. divine healing. Dr. Simpson believes Francke. 2s. 6d., net. Partridge, Lon- in a modified doctrine of evolution so don. far as it is not inconsistent with the account in Genesis. His views are CALVIN WILSON MATEER. Forty-five Biblical; and (except on divine heal- ing) in simple, unscientific language, Years a Missionary in Shantung, he states the position taken by the China. A Biography. By Daniel W. majority of conservative Christians. Fisher. Illustrated, 12mo, 342 pp. $1.50, NEW BOOKS net. Presbyterian Board of Publica- tion, Philadelphia, 1911. . AMERICAN-JAPANESE RELATIONS. By Ki- yoshi K. Kawakami. 8vo, 370 pp. $2.00, THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN JAPAN. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. Daniel Crosby Greene, Editor. Ninth THE NEGRO AND HIS NEEDS.. By Raymond Annual Issue (1910). 12mo, 599 pp. Patterson, with foreword by President Taft. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell The Conference of Federated Mis- Co., New York, 1912. sions, The Kyobunkwan, Ginza Kyo- CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN TflE TELUGU COUN- bashi, Tokyo, 1911. ' TRY. By G. Hibbert-Ware. Illustrated, 12mo, 216 pp. 2s., net. S. P. G. House, SEVENTEEN YEARS AMONG THE SEA DYAKS Westminster, London, 1912. OF BORNEO. A Record of Intimate As- VILLAGE LIFE IN KOREA. By T. Robert sociation with the Natives of the Bor- Moose. $1.00. Smith & Lamar, Nash- nean Jungles. By Edwin H. Gomes ville, Tenn., 1912. M.A. And an Introduction by th~ Rev. John Perham. Illustrated, 8vo, CHARACTER-BUILDING IN CHINA. The Life 343 pp. $3.50, net. J. B. Lippincott Story of Julia Brown Mateer. By Co., Philadelphia, 1911. Robert McCheyne Mateer. Illustrated, 12mo. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell ZIGZAG JOURNEYS IN THE CAMEL COUNTRY. Co., New York, 1912. Arabia in Picture and Story. By Sam- SOUTH AMERICA. By Robert E. Speer. Student Volunteer Movement, 125 East uel M. Zwemer and Amy E. Zwemer. 27th Street, New York, 1912. Illustrated, 12mo, 124 pp. $1.00, net.

CHRISTIAN AND MOHAMMEDAN. A Plea for Fleming H. Revell Co., New York . Bridging the Chasm. By George F. 1911. '

Herrick, D.D. Illustrated, 12mo. $1.25, THE LAND OF GOOD HOPE. By the Rev. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. Herbert Moore, M.A. Illustrated, 12mo, 372 pp. 25., net. S. P. G., 15 Tufton St., Westminster, 1911.

TEN YEARS' REVIEW OF MISSION WORK IN MADAGASCAR. 1901-1910. With Notices of the Preceding Decade. 12mo 187 pp. London Missionary Society's Press, Antananarivo, Madagascar 1911. '

PRISCA OF PATMOS. A Tale of the Days of St. John. By Henry C. McCook, D.D. Illustrat.ed, 12mo, 318 pp. $1.25, net. Presbytenan Board of Education ' Philadelphia, 1911.

DOCTOR ALEC's SON. By Irene H. Barnes. Illustrated,. l~mo, 192 Pp. Is., 6d., net. Church MiSSIOns Society, London.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1911

BROAD AND THE NARROW WAY, ACCORDING TO THE

This is a drawing by a Chinese Christian, Liu Meh Lin. Above is the eye of God. Numbers and Bible references explain the various features of the waH chart. On the left is the "broad way," leading to destruction, beginning with the broad gate and easy road, the opium den, gamblinghouse, brothel, the theatre, the graveyard, war and punishment. On the right is the narrow door, over which is an inscription, "Eternal Life." Then come the fountain for cleansing beneath the cross, a church, school, home, a rainbow of promise and the city of God. The gulf widens between the two, but there are a few narrow passages by which men may go from one road to the other.

of the World Published by Funk and Wagnslls Company (Issac K. Funk, Pres., A. W. Wagnalls, Vice-Pres., Robert 1. Cuddihy, TTeas., Robert Scott, See'7), 44-6U E. 23d St., New York Vol. XXXIV. No.2 FEBRUARY, 191 I Vol. XXIV. No.2 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES MORE REVIVALS IN L1VINGSTONIA result has been cleansing and calm Some districts in Africa are so dis- rejoicing and a scattering to the sur- t:l11t that few know of the remarkable rounding districts to preach Christ work that is being done in them by in the power of the Holy Spirit. the missionaries and African evan- REAPING HARVESTS IN KOREA gelists. Rev. Donald Fraser of the The "Campaign for a Million Souls Scotch United Free Church Mission in Korea" did not produce such large writes on August 22, from Loudon, numerical results, but Christians are Livingstonia, that a wide-spread re- still earnestly at work and at prayer vival has been going on there in cOn- and there are large ingatherings into nection with a visit of Rev. Charles the churches. The campaign in Seoul Inwood, a deputy of the Keswick last October was conducted with 700 Convention. Daily prayer-meetings volunteer workers, who gave six days were held in all the stations and out- to a house-to-house visitation. Six stations, and attendance was limited daily newspapers each devoted a colto church-members by distributing umn a day to the work and in two tickets. Thus, only 2,500 were admit- weeks 7,000 persons had indicated ted to the meetings. In spite of the their desire to become Christians. fact that addresses were all made Similar campaigns are planned for through an interpreter, the prayers each of the thirteen provincial capitals were answered, sins were canfest and for the 330 county seats. with weeping, many at once, and each This campaign for a million souls unconscious of the other, praying for began in a Methodist prayer-meeting forgiveness and cleansing. "Then in Songdo two years ago. The Counsuddenly there came the sound as of a cil of Protestant Missionaries adopted rushing mighty wind and 2,500 began the watchword and the purpose was praying aloud, some crying out in un- strengthened by the visit of Dr. controllable agony." The physical ex- Wilbur Chapman and Mr. Charles citement became so dangerous that the Alexander. Later, some 600,000 missionaries closed the service. At copies of the Gospel according to later meetings similar thrilling scenes Mark were distributed and some took place with overwhelming out- 70,000 days (nearly 200 years) of perbursts and a dominant note of per- sonal evangelism were given by the sonal conviction. At the Sabbath ser- Korean Christians. In this way the vice'7,o00 people came together, The seed-sowing was kept up. In the Seoul Campaign the city was They thus retain their old church districted and visited and meetings connection, but are taken under the were held in all the churches. Thou- pastoral care of the church which sands gave themselves to Christ and they attend. (2) The large number plans are being made to visit all the of attendants at services who are not homes in Korea this year. This is a yet ready to confess Christ may hereday for intercession. after be enrolled as "Church Friends." It is an added bond to JAPANESE AND KOREAN CHURCHES unite them to the Church and bring them into closer contact with the Since the annexation of Korea by church officers. Japan the Japanese Christians have been seeking to. establish more close STRANGE DOCTRINES IN KOREA relations with the Church in Korea. Even organi.c union has been pro- Rev. E. F. McFarland, a missionary posed, but such an extrerne step is un- of the Presbyterian Church at Taiku, likely at present. There is a general Korea, writes that "the remarkable desire, however, that the two bodies of spread of the gospel in the Hermit Christians sha1I come into closer fel- Nation has been so heralded abroad lowship. The Synod of the Church throughout the world that not only of Christ in Japan adopted the fol- have more evangelistic workers come lowing resolutions: (I) That a letter to the field, but also preachers of all of cordial greeting be sent to the manner of strange doctrines have ap- Presbyterian Church in Korea. (2) peared in our midst. . . . All the That the Japanese Christians, sent by heterodoxies that have been preached the Board of Missions to help in the in Japan during the past years, and evangelistic work in Seoul, be ap- which we believe have become a part pointed as representatives of the of the cause for the difficulties of Synod to do whatever may be fitting evangelical mission work in that land, to bind the two churches together. are now being imported, little by little, into this land, with the result that we The letter of greeting expresses the are hearing from all sides from the sense of unity existing between the simple Koreans that, in the midst of Japanese and Korean churches and so many .doctrines, one can not decide the desire for closer fellowship. Until what is the true way of life." Mr. Japan and Korea have one language McFarland believes that the deviI's there seems to be no advantage in weapon in his first assault upon an organic union, but there is every infant church is persecution, and when advantage in promoting spiritual sym- it proves futile, he turns to his keener pathy and union. The Japanese Chris- instrument-false doctrine-and hurls tian Church has a great opportunity that into the congregation to create in helping to evangelize Korea. discord. Thus, the devil first caused open persecution of Christians in In Japan the Church has taken two Korea. It proved a great blessing. other steps that are of interest and Now he thrusts false doctrines at her that might be adopted by churches at from all sides. home. (I) Members living away from home may temporarily unite with Of these false doctrines, Mr. Mcother churches as "guest members."

OF THE

Farland considers the most serious welfare committee has been organized those preached by the Oriental Preach- by Chinese students in Philadelphia, ing Society or Church of Grace. It and in New York the Chinese at proclaims a doctrine of absolute grace Columbia University have organized through Christ to cover all sin, so an academy with a strong faculty and that believers can continue in sin, that a large number of young men stugrace may abound. The promulgators dents. The First Chinese Christian of this pernicious doctrine enter a Church has also been organized in country church, take the Bible and New York, with Rev. Huie Kin as preach from it according to their own pastor. The time is coming when wild notions, and then abuse the mis- Chinese in America will no longer be sionaries as deceivers !=>f the people, looked upon as curiosities to be exwho hinder them from living "the ploited or as undesirable laborers to simple life." be excluded, but as human beings with hearts and minds and souls to be won, The Korean Christians are begin- educated, and saved for time and eterning to see that their only aid in this nity. difficulty with strange doctrines is better instruction and indoctrination, and The article in this number of the the evangelists and Bible women are REVIEW presents some of the results hard at work to increase the desire of of Christian work for Chinese in the people for Bible study along defi- America. The best results can not be nite lines. tabulated; they are the transforma- tions of character and the influence of THE CHINESE IN AMERICA Chinese Christians returning to their own country. Our opinion of the Chinese will be colored by our experience with them THE DAY OF OPPORTUNITY IN or by reports of others with more or less knowledge of their characters. TURKEY Those who have longest labored in China and who have sacrificed the With the establishment of the new most for them have the highest opin- reglme in Turkey many marked ion of their character and the most changes have taken place that affect sanguine hopes for their future. the standing of Christians and the progress of missions, but the favorable The intellectual and spiritual awa- developments have been less marked kenings in China have been echoed in and less rapid than were at first promsome parts of America, and the many ised. In the East religion is a priyears of quiet, faithful labor for the mary factor in every man's life and Chinese immigrants is producing every question is viewed with relation some results. The Chinese Students' to a man's religious belief and stand- Monthly reports that the Chinese in ing. Politics, social and family life, Sacramento, Cal., have destroyed business, education and religion are their idols and have changed their closely bound together. The Young temple into a schoolhouse. A so- Turk party is thus brought face to ciety of Chinese in Chicago has been face with a serious problem-how to organized to study current topics. A reconcile an old, antiquated religion

with new progressive ideas. Moslems Christians, Jews and Moslems are object to Christians in the army; brethren all worshiping the same God.

Christians object to teaching only All are thus equal before the law and Turkish in public schools in Christian before God. If this is accepted as the communities; Moslems refuse to rec- basis of life, it wiII mean a transforma- ognize the equality of Moslems and tion in Turkey. If true Christianity Christians before the law. is now presented to the Turks, old- The Young Turks do not proclaim time prejudices may be overcome and a desire to reform Islam but to reform the piesent spirit of unrest may lead politics and education. These are, to more open-mindedness toward the however, all inseparably bound to- truth as it is revealed in Christ and by gether in the Moslem mind. The the power of the Holy Spirit. Now is Sheik-ul-Islam, the highest Moslem the day of opportunity.

authority, has come to the rescue by SIGNS OF LIFE IN RUSSIA deciding that several mooted points are in harmony with the Koran, but The students of Russia are keenly the conservative party are not satisfied. alive to the need for something better Unfortunately rationalism is coming than they have. The spirit of disconinto Turkey especially in the Greek tent shows itself not only in the stuand Armenian churches and internal dent outbreaks and nihilist movements, conflicts are stirring these oriental but in the general demand for reforms Christian sects. Radical reforms have through the Duma and in the keen inbeen proposed in these churches and terest in religious meetings such as is are sorely needed, but they do not described in the article by Mr. William reach the root difficulty, which is lack Olney.

of spiritual life. Another' evidence of progress is the The Protestants in Turkey are few first conference of Russian leaders in in number, but the line of separation student work, held recently in Wiborg, between them and the oriental Finland. It was intended to limit the churches is becoming less marked and number of delegates to twenty-five, some hope for a reunion and regenera- but so great was the interest that fifty tion of the Greek and Armenian attended the conference, including Churches. This would have a great in- over thirty from St. Petersburg and fluence on the Moslems of Turkey, for twelve from Moscow, one from Kieff one of the greatest hindrances has and one from Odessa. Important been the character of the formal student problems were discust with Christianity exhibited in these oriental most satisfactory results. After re- churches. turning to St. Petersburg, the students If governmental and educational re- organized Bible study circles in all forms are thoroughly established, the sections of the city, and a committee power of Islam is sure to wane. The was appointed to supervise the transleaders of the new movement hav~ lation of foreign Christian literature.

sent preachers into Moslem centers to Watch Russia. Important develop- proclaim that the new constitution is ments are taking place there that af- not contrary to the Koran and that fect the kingdom of God.

19II ] SIGNS OF THE

PROTESTANT MISSIONARIES obeyed it is -in gloom and depression ENTERING RUSSIA without good-will or sympathy.

The Evangelical Association, a Ger- Many priests who have broken away man religious body in the United from Rome are endeavoring to or- States, which, according to its articles ganize an anti-church in which the of faith, is closely related to the Meth~ principles would be embodied in oppoodist Episcopal Church, has decided to sition to the teachings of the papacy. enter upon active evangelistic work in the Russian Empire. Its Missionary A moral crisis is on in France. The Board met at Allentown, Pa., from majority of the people are waiting- October 7 to 9, and had before it, not ready to accept papal infalliability among other things, the report of or Protestantism or agnosticism. They Bishop S. C. Breyfogel of his visit are looking for the time to build up a to St. Petersburg and Riga. In the new temple of faith. It is a great latter city a few members of the evan- opportunity for the preaching of the geJicaJ Association have settled and Gospel of Christ.

have been supplied with occasional OUTLOOK FOR MISSIONS IN SPAIN preaching by the North German Con- The revolution in Portugal and the ference of the association. The com- success of the liberal ministry in Spain mittee resolved tel place as soon as promise better things for religious libpossible a missionary in Riga. and to erty in the most bigoted, unprogresthus commence active and aggressive sive Roman Catholic countries in work in the realm of the Czar. The Europe. For many years Protestants Women's Missionary Society of the have suffered from the papal dominion Evangelical Association has offered to and government restrictions forbidpay the salary of this missionary to ding even the simplest signs on the Russia. places of Protestant worship. These restrictions are now being removed in Thus another American denomina- spite of the protests of the Roman tion enters Russia, the Methodist clergy. The Spanish Cortes has de- Episcopal Church having had a pros- clared that no person shall be molested perous work in St. Petersburg, under or interfered with in the exercise of Dr. Simons, for some time.

his form of worship so long as he THE RELIGIOUS CRISIS IN FRANCE respects Christian morality in a be- M. Paul Sabatier, the well-known coming manner. At the same time no French writer on religion and philoso- other public ceremonies are permitted phy, describes in The Hibbert Journal to _any except Roman Catholics.

the present situation and the religious Church doors may now open on the outlook in France. He declares, as public streets and notices may be we have often stated, that Rome has posted outside the building inviting alienated the respect and confidence of strangers to enter. Strenuous efforts even the clergy in France; the people are being made by the Clerical party to have become indifferent to the papacy prevent further concessions in favor and many are turning toward "free of religious liberty. It seems evident, thought." When the papacy is however, that a refusal to grant these

reforms would endanger the very ex- honestly seeking to present Christ to istence of the monarchy. non-Christians at home as well as in There are still other laws that in- foreign lands; (3) an adequate pre- terfere unwarrantably with the Prot- sentation, to university and profes- estants. Persons may still be pun- sional students of the present world ished for not uncovering their heads crisis in missions and the call for stu- when the "host" is carried in a pro- dent volunteers; this to be accom- cession through the street. Magis- plished by prayer, by addresses, and . trates still advise people to be married conferences, by literature and by mis- by a priest, and sometimes put off for sion study; (4) the arousing of the months the ceremony when parties do Church to the necessity for adopting not wish to employ a pri.est. Priests, an adequate forward movement mis- monks and nuns who have left the sionary policy looking toward the Roman Catholic Church can not con- evangelization of the world in this tract a legitimate marriage in Spain. generation. This is to be done by cam- Their children are regarded as illegiti- paigns in the churches, by coopera- mate. The Cadenas bill for the regu- ting with clergy and laity and by the lation of religious orders in Spain has organization of women students to passed the Chamber of Deputies and preach to women and young people.

shows that the country is alive to the After the conference the student menace of papal control. The num- volunteers made arrangements for ber of priests paid by the State is still deputations of students and laymen to some 40,000, and the number of monks visit the principal cities to arouse in- and nuns is much larger. The people, terest in missions. This campaign is however, are becoming more liberal being carried on in connection with in their ideas and many of them are 'the laymen's missionary movement.

seeking for the truth. These efforts have been greatly Important reforms are announced blest and have developed a spirit of in Portugal by the Minister of the In- prayer and self-sacrifice and an in- terior. These include a weekly day of terest in mission study. Classes are rest, protection for maternity and formed to train leaders for classes in childhood, opening of primary schools, local churches.

help for needy children and the estab- There are several strong points in lishment of asylums and hospitals. this policy and campaign of the Aus- AUSTRALIAN STUDENT VOLUN· tralian Student Volunteers: ( I) The TEERS dependence, as always, on Christ and the Holy Spirit for leadership and Missionary interest is growing power. (2) The union of appeals for among the students of Australia. At home and foreign missions. (3) The a conference of the Students' Chris- cooperation of students and laymen so tian Union at Doylesford a policy was that going before churches and col- adopted and copies were sent to all leges the one may say: "We are ready the churches of Australia. This policy to go," and the others, "We will help included: (I) Unconditional surren- to send." (4) The emphasis on mis- der to the will of God as revealed in sionary education and not depend- JeSl1S Christ; (2) the necessity for ence on passing appeals.

RECENT REVIVALS IN

BY THE REV. WILLIAM N. BREWSTER, D.D., HINGWHWA, CHINA Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

The remarkable manifestations of just his position to accord with new religious fervor known as "Revivals," and startling facts.

that have been experienced during re- There have been local revivals in cent years in Wales and various parts various stations for many years.

of the United Kingdom, in America, These have been fruitful and of value also in India, and most notably in as a preparation for more recent de- Korea, have not been lacking in the velopments, but they have seldom been mission work of China. We need not widespread or deep. Questions sent here philosophize as to the psycholog- to more than four score representative ical causes, spiritual origins or net ne- mIssIonaries in widely distributed sults of revivals. The Christian Era parts of the empire brought forty-five began with what is known as "Pen- replies. Twenty-seven of these were tecost," and in all ages of the Chris- from men who had experienced, in tian Church, when there has been their stations in comparatively recent real moral and spiritual power, there years, what they regarded as "marked have been more or less frequent mani- revivals in the Chinese Church."

festations that correspond in essen- These represent sixty per cent. of all tials, while differing in minor details, the replies, and thirty per cent. of all to the events described in the second the inquiries made. This is a most chapter of the Acts. encouraging showing, and would have . It has been generally believed by been impossible five years ago.

missionaries that the Chinese are an Revivals in Manchuria unemotional, materialistic race, peculiarly impervious to outward expres- Manchuria was the scene of the besion of religious feeling, and that the ginning of what might be called the process of Christianizing them must modern Pentecost in China. The be one of instruction and gradual story has been well told by Rev. James growth, without such epoch-making Webster and others, and has been so moral and spiritual upheavals. widely read that it need not be re- "Learning the doctrine" is the usual peated in detail here. It began in Chinese term for becoming a Chris- the winter of 1907-8 in Mukden, tian, rather. than "believing the doc- under the ministry of the Rev. trine." Both mental processes are Jonathan Goforth and two Chinese essential, but the Chinese attitude of leaders who had visited Korea and mind has been to emphasize the intel- caught the vision and carried back the lectual acquirement of Christian truth fire. Correspondence with mission- by instruction rather than a recogni- aries in several of the leading mission tion of the fundamental truth that centers of Manchuria exhibits a re- "with the heart man believeth unto markable unanimity of sentiment to- righteousness." The experiences of ward the movement, and reports as to the past three years indicate that it details. Evidently the missionaries of will be necessary for the open -minded Manchuria, who are mostly hard- student of missionary work in China, headed Scotchmen, than whom no who held the above theory, to read- abler nor less sentimental group can

be found in China, are of one mind as shown a marked similarity. The most to the genuineness and the value of commonly mentioned characteristic is the revival. "deep conviction for and confession of sin." This is seldom omitted by any Replies from representative mis- correspondent who speaks of any resionaries in various parts of China vival experience at all of recent indicate that the Manchurian revival years. Other features mentioned freexperiences have been repeated in quently are the spirit of prayer, au- South China, in Fukien, earlier in dible and universal from the whole Amoy sections, and lately in the Fu- congregation, and the reconciliation chau and Hinghwa regions, and most of enemies in the Church or the setrecently in the Swatow section of tling of old quarrels. "Quietness" Kwangtung. has characterized some of the most fruitful of the later movements. In Cenral and West China The Results In Central China, Nanking has been the chief scene of revivals; but "Results" are naturally of a more Kiukiang and Wuhu and other places varying character. The material is have been visited. There have been different, and the environment. Above union meetings held in a large tent all there is wide variety in the manner at Nanking. Mr. Goforth· led one of conserving the results of such exseries in 1909, and later the Chinese periences. In general the replies inevangelist, Doctor Lee, was greatly dicate a decided quickening in Bible used. study. The new life calls for food. Where this is not taken the vital West China has also enjoyed simi- forces soon exhaust themselves. The lar blessing. Remarkable movements writer recently noticed on the monthly among the aborigines of Kweichow report of a colporteur that he had sold in recent years have attracted very 332 copies of the entire Bible or of the wide attention. New Testament. These were, in ad- dition to the "Scripture Portions," The inquiries sent out covered three sold chiefly to non-Christians, and heads: ( 1) Natural Causes; (2) they were bought by Christians on II Striking Features; (3) Results. In half-price proposition, provided they general the causes were traceable to would pledge themselves to read some human agent or group of agents. in the book daily unless prevented by Mr. Goforth is the name mentioned necessity. Such avidity for the Word most frequently among foreign agents, would have been wholly impossible tho by no means the only one; while but for the revivals of the spring of the work of Dr. Lee in Central China 1909 and 1910. and of Mr. Ting Li-mei of Shantung in North China is commended in the Probably the deepest and most eshighest terms by everyone who men- sential result of these seasons of spiritions them. Yet local agents, both tual awakening is an abiding sense of foreign and Chinese, seem to have the exceeding sinfulness of sin. All been raised up in nearly all places, missionaries in China have had perwho have been essential aids, and in haps their keenest disappointments not a few cases the workers seemed right here. Even well-behaved and to be entirely of that character.

The "Striking Features" have also

well-instructed Christians seemed to tung; Suchau has been the scene of have little sense of the sinfulness of a remarkable union tent campaign. In sin. The pagan ancestry and atmos- some of these meetings more than one phere accounted for it, but did not ex- thousand have enrolled themselves as cuse it. Until this root difficulty is "inquirers" or desiring to be taught overcome there can be little progress the Bible. How permanent these rein establishing Christian ideas of life sults will prove it is too early to deand conduct. The emotion of the re- cide; but the direction of this develvival days may, indeed must, pass opment is normal, and as time passes away. The new vision of Gethsemane and the leaders gain in experience and of Calvary, burned into the heart these results will be more fully conby Pentecostal fires of penitence, served. abides in many lives, and the whole moral standard of the Christian com- 3 Probably the most significant of munity is elevated, never to go back, all the features of these spiritual even tho individuals may lapse. quickenings is in the remarkable change of attitude of the young men Three Stagea in several of our leading Christian colleges toward the work of the Chris- The revivals of the past three years tian ministry. Dr. Arthur H. Smith, have developed in three distinct stages, writing from Tung-Chou, near Petho the lines can not be sharply drawn king, says: "Mr. Ting-Li-mei has just between them: been here. . . . In February only one of a graduating class of fourteen was 1. At first it was largely an awaken- willing to go to the Union Seminary ing among the Christians themselves. to study theology. Now we have Strange as it may seem, the reports a roll of seventy-nine who have indicate that the best-instructed and pledged themselves to preach. . . . most earnest members were first This is the outcome of Pastor Ting's seized with deepest conviction for sin week here." In the Shantung Christian and in these the results seem most University at Wei Hsien there was abiding. This does not mean that an extraordinary movement early in these good people were hypocrites be- April, 1909. Again the human agent fore; it simply shows that the great most conspicuously used of God was law of evolution applies to things Rev. Ding Li-mei, who is a graduate spiritual as well as to things material: of the college. Here over eighty "To him that hath shall be given and students voluntarily pledged themhe shall have more abundantly." The selves to enter the Christian ministry. intense new spiritual light revealed A year later Prof. H. W. Luce reports the blackness of sins hitherto un- that from this Student Volunteer Band realized and hence condoned. The "ten have already entered the Theonormal course was evidently first to logical Seminary, and the rest seem cleanse. the Church from within. to be standing firm to their purpose."

2. A later and natural development In the Peking University (Methhas been seen in successful special odist Episcopal) there has been a simievangelistic efforts to reach the non- lar development. Here the Student Christian population. There have Volunteer Band has been large and heen several such meetings in Shan-

enthusiastic for several years, but dur- ministry in a manner altogether un- ing the winter and spring of the cur- precedented. The first rushing tor- rent year (I9IO), President Lowry rent of spiritual emotion might be writes that as the result of revival compared with the spring freshet meetings, in addition to the already floods in the mountains; these soon large number of Volunteers for the settle into the smaller streams that ministry, forty or more of their spread quietly through the valleys giv- brightest students, who had been ing life to the multitudes; while the tempted by the glittering offer of the ultimate gathering of the many into Chinese Government to send students one forms a great artery, which bears to America on the returned indemnity upon its deep bosom the commerce of fund, had given up these ambitions, a nation. Let not the mighty tide surrendering to the higher call of God with its quiet power despise the irri- to become ambassadors to their na- gation streams from whence it came, tion commissioned by "the King of and which make possible the great kings and Lord of lords." cargoes it carries so easily. StilI less Conclusions may these steady life producing rivulets and canals disregard the noisy ·Without burdening the reader with torrents from the hilIs, the source of excessive detail, the results of the all. It is the divine trinity of nature writer's investigation of this impor- in torrent, stream and river, that tant theme indicate: makes what otherwise would be desert I. In all sections of China, from ex- blossom as the rose, and gives a treme North to tropical South, from nation's home. So in the Kingdom of eastern seaboard to west of the Heaven, which the missionary body Yangtse Gorges, during the past three has been commissioned to set up in years there have been marked mani- China. The spiritual mountain peaks festations of the power of the Holy here and there precipitate the torrents Spirit, deeply convicting nominal that come with what seem to be need- Christians of sin, leading to confes- less noise and rush. The roar sub- sion and restitution, and every indica- sides, but the water of life quietly tion of genuine repentance. The stand- spreads over fields far and wide, from ard of Christian morality has been streamlet to canal and back again to raised thereby, and deep foundations stream, ever giving life and food for laid for future spiritual and moral the multitudes. Finally they gather victories. into the resistless power of the mighty 2. There has been a quickening of river, where throb the heart centers evangelistic zeal in various places, of the nation in the Christian Vni- which may be taken as a prophecy of versities where the master .workmen a more general awakening of the are in preparation for future leader- Christian community to its obligations ship. The Revivals of the recent past and opportunity in this important re- are but the "earnest of the Spirit," a gard. prophecy of what is to come. The ac- 3. The best trained of the Chris- companying signs will change from tian young men of the colleges are time to time, but it will be "the same hearing and heeding the call to the Spirit."

FAMINE IN

"THE DESTRUCTION THAT WASTETH AT NOONDAY."

BY MISS JEAN CARTER COCHRAN A recent letter from the Anhui subsided, leaving the fie1d5 bare of province in China reports the follow- crops, and almost of grass, and even ing distressing conditions: "Another the trees were stript of bark as summer has gone by and with it the high as the branches, for bark and harvest that means so much for the grass and weeds and the very scum happiness or misery of this people. off the ponds were the diet of the Alas! this year for the third time in victims of famine. The cry of the succession, floods have come and the poor wasted people rings in my ears crops have been almost a complete yet, as they pled for food from the failure over a large territory sur- passers by. Long will we remember rounding us. The water rose in some this cry especially that of the little places four feet above the highest ex- children. Some little ones were reisting records and not only ruined the ported to be lying, still Iivibg, in the fall crops, but swept away much of arms of their dead mothers, who had the grain already thrashed and stored fallen by the wayside, overcome by in the barns. In two days the rain- hunger and exhaustion. fall was sixteen inches. The people have left their homes in great num- The slghts in the cities were apbers, wandering away to the south palling, like some horrible dream, or by families, to see if they can in some as if one had gone back to the middle way or other live through to the ages and into some plague-smitten spring, by begging or public bounty city; the dirty, crowded streets, the from the imperial granaries. From horrible smells, everyone in rags, and each village out of twenty familie5, not even the decent rags of the twelve or fifteen will escape south, poverty we know; every few steps lay leaving the better provided to watch figures stretched out in the last stages the buildings. Furthermore, famine of starvation, and endless rows of years breed bandits and disorders. coffins were being hurried away for Desperation makes bold, and life and burial. One man died in front of a property are not safe outside the baker's shop, where he could have towns. stretched out his hand and touched the bread for which he was perishing. The condition can be realized more The relief workers could not sleep for truly by calling to mind the terrible the wailing of the people : "We are famine of 1907. As we passed starving to death-starving to death." through the country at that time, the country was covered with water, In one station bitter blizzard' with only here and there a farmhouse weather set in before relief work had or some trees standing on little islands been organized and the missionaries above the flood. A continuous line decided something must be done imof boats passed southward through the mediately or many would freeze to Grand Canal, crowded with refugees death in their poor rags, so Christian fleeing from famine and pestilence. The helpers tied up small packages of cash following spring we passed through and started off for the refugee camp. the same country. The water had The sufferers were in little huts as large as a dog kennel and long enough

to lie down in. Some members of the school at Pao Ting Fu begged to be family would take turns in sleeving allowed to go without wheat flour, while the others shivered outside. The their favorite article of diet, for six helpers went past each hut on the run, weeks in order to send the money to throwing in the cash as they passed, the famine relief work. The teacher for fear of being stopt and robbed compromised on three weeks because by desperate characters who were she felt that they needed the nourishabout. Some thought they were rob- ing food. bers and they heard curses as they passed, others thought that the money From our luxurious and busy lives, came from heaven. The next day can we not give to this great need they saw one poor old man, who had and still greater opportunity? Around spent one of his few cash in buying a mosaic of Christ in St. Mark's an incense stick, and was burning it cathedral in Venice runs this inscripin thanksgiving to the god who had tion: "Who He was and from whence sent aid. Doubtless his thanks were He came, and why He made us and heard and appreciated by a far dif- gave us all these things, pause and ferent Deity than he supposed. consider." * Sometimes even Christians seem to feel that these poor creatures are little Later reports confirm earlier adbetter than the brutes. Are any will- vices of the suffering from famine in ing to put themselves in the same class the northern part of the province of as the Chinese official who said: An-kui, north and east of the Hwai "There are too many Chinese. The and Kwo Rivers, about 7,000 square country is overpopulated. Let them miles in extent, and containing a popudie." Surely we would not wish lation of approximately 2,500,000. to have the Master hear us say that. They are worth saving. A little waif Thousands of refugees have left saved in one famine is now at the the district, but many, unsuccessful in head of a most important work, doing obtaining support elsewhere, are reas much good as any white woman. turning to die in their native place. Two other little girls who were saved It is estimated that 1,000,000 persons, from a former famine are teachers in hard-working farmers, will be depena large girls' school. A recent report dent upon charity for their existence says of one of them: "The young until the spring crops. teacher herself often says a few words in the woman's meetings, and the Robber bands, desperate at the women love to have her, enjoy her prospect of starvation, travel through pretty accent and the earnestness the country, pillaging, and killing. which makes her, a young maiden, willing to break through the walls of The people have been left so poor old Chinese custom and speak for the that they are able to plant only one- Master." third or one-half of the usual amount of wheat. It will thus take several The Chinese official quoted above years for the region to recover. The does not reflect the feeling of all the Government and the gentry are de- Chinese. The girls in the mission sirous of foreign aid, and Chinese and foreign relief committees have been org-anized.

*Contributions may be sent to your Mission Board or to the Editor. of the RlIVlEW.

A LADY MISSIONARY FRUSTRATING AN ATTEMPT OF A CHINESE WIDOW TO COMMIT

This is from a photograph loaned by the Church },Hssions Society. The widow sought to gain merit by her act, but was saved by the missionaries.

WOMAN'S LIFE IN CHINA BY M. E. RITZMAN, SINGTAU, HUNAN, CHIN, :Missionary of the United Evangelical Church 1Iission.

"Is your mother-in-law living?" nevertheless is one of hardship and It was the question of a Chinese suffering from the cradle to the grave. woman to a lady missionary who had come to visit her. "When the girl baby first opens her quaint little eyes in a Chinese home- "No," answered the missionary. be it hut or palace-she is greeted "Does your husband get drunk?" with a frown. No one in the house- "No." hold is made happy by her advent. "Does he smoke opium ?, She is, like her Savior in Judea and "No." Galilee, despised and rej ected of men. "Does he beat you?" Even her swaddling-clothes may be- "No; he has never struck me a blow come her burial-clothes, for infanti-· in his life." cide is a common practise in China. It took her Chinese sister several The father of a girl may cast her into minutes to become convinced of this some baby tower, where birds come astonishing fact, and then she said im- and feast upon her flesh. She may pressively: "You have been talking to find a watery grave in a neighboring me of heaven and hell in the world to river, whose pitiless waves hush her come. Your life now is heaven and piteous cry. She may even be buried mine is hel1." The life of the average alive in the mud-floor of the dark and Chinese woman, while perhaps more dingy room where she was born." free and often happier than that of her sisters in India and Moslem lands, Just. how prevalent infanticide is in China it is impossible to say. In some

) districts it is common, while in others pivot. One side is open and swung it is almost impossible to find any out to the street. Any parent may trace of the practise. A missionary place therein a babe and swing the lady in South China once asked a bucket in. It will be received without crowd of women around her how question and wet-nurses will be called many of them had destroyed their in to rear it. But to what end is baby girls, and all confest to having this seeming charity done? Slavery, killed one at least, while one acknowl- largely of little girls, still exists in edged that she had destroyed five. A Sinim. Families who may wish a girl few years ago one mission school in servant find the solution of their dif- China had no less than fifty girls who ficulty by buying one of these girls had been thrown away by their par- and rearing her for a slave. Someents to die in their infancy. They had times they treat her wdl, but frebeen picked up by compassionate per- quently there creep out to the world sons and taken to the school to be stories of terrible treatment. Houses cared for by the missionaries. of ill-fame are found in all Chinese cities, and agents are busy furnishing The profest reason for the de- girls for this terrible traffic. The struction of these girl babies is the girls in them are veritable slaves. poverty of the people. An indigent Drest in gorgeous raiment to attract laboring man, who receives only from attention, they are often displayed seven and a half to fifteen cents a day upon the public streets. When an wages,' can not bring up a family of orphanage is established and minisgirls and give them dowries at mar- ters to this slave-trade, its aim is not riage, according to custom. When philanthropic. she has marriedl the daughter is reckoned as belonging to another family, At ordinary times a slave-girl will and neither she nor her husband is ex- fetch from $5 to $100, according to pected to offer pecuniary aid to her age, beauty, health and strength. But father or her mother to any great ex- in famine times they can be bought tent. Since girls are married before quite cheap. Some years ago, during they can do very much work, the rais- a great famine, 3,000 female children ing of girls is considered very un- were sold to dealers in one large city profitable in most parts of the coun- and carried about like poultry in bastry. In other parts, however, where kets. Some of these female children girls are scarce and prices high, a could be bought for fifteen cents. family of daughters may bring quite a fortune to a man, especially if the I am afraid that very few, even daughters have "lily-feet" and are among the missionaries working in well trained in ceremonials and Chi- China, realize the awful extent of the nese accomplishments. traffic in girls. Dr. Ida Kahn, a Chi- nese woman who received her medical Sometimes, instead of being killed, training at Ann Arbor, Mich., and the unfortunates are exposed alive by who since then has been doing splenthe side of the street, or under some did work among the women in China, shelter. In certain quarters Buddhists said several years ago, in an article in have opened orphanages, and a circu- The Independent: "Slavery exists in lar .bucket is fixt in the wall upon a China, and that to an appal!ing extent.

WOMAN'S LIFE IN CHINA

So far as my observation goes, the rows of little houses, with a narrow girls of China furnish the victims, and alley running between the several the boys but very seldom. The rich rows. On an average such a tenepeople regard them as indispensable ment place would contain two hunas so many pieces of furniture. Ac- dred or three hundred residents. cordingly they furnish them to each Taking one of these places at random, daughter of the house in quantity I made inquiries and found within beand quality corresponding to the tween thirty and furty slave-girls. Just length of the family purse. The think of there being such a large per- HOPE FOR THE FUTURE OF CHI:-.I ESE WOME", These are Chinese children of Christian parents.

daughter carries them to her future centage of slaves III even tenementhome as part of her dowry. The mid- houses." dle classes use the slave-girls because they can not afford to have servants, Another way of disposing of girls and the poor people use them as a quite common among the poor, means of getting rich. Interested in whether living in the city or in the knowing how many slaves there were country, is to give her to some other around me in Hangkow, I looked family to bring up as the future wife through one of the tenement-houses of their son. In this case the girl is immediately in our vicinity. The gen- taken into the home of her future eral entrance is rather imposing, and parents-in-law and brought up by you see in front of you a wide alley. them until of proper age, when the Then, turn to right or left, you see young people are married. opening from this about five or six But the girl may be kept in the family, and by her bright, winning

96 ways soon win the love of both father times a toe or more drop off. In this and mother, for the parent heart is case the feet are much smaller than won by dimples and smiles in China they could else be made, and elegance just as well as in America. But the is secured at the cost of months of happy period of girlhood in China suffering." extends over only a few years, for Mrs. Archibald Little, whose posiwhen the age of five or six is reached, tion as president of the Natural-feet the process of binding the feet must Society has given her special reason be begun. Taking all China together, for investigating, says in her book it is estimated, according to some au- "Intimate China": "During the first thorities, that probably nine-tenths of three years [of foot-binding] the girlthe women have bound feet. The hood of China presents a most melanprocess is thus described: "The band- choly spectacle. Instead of a hop, ages used in misshaping the feet are skip, and a jump, with rosy cheeks about two inches wide and several like the little girls of England, the feet in length. One end of the band- poor little things are leaning heavily age is laid on the inside of the in- on a stick somewhat taller than themstep; thence it is carried over the selves, or carried on a man's back, or small toes, drawing them down upon sitting sadly crying. They have great the sole; thel1 it passes under the feet, black lines under their eyes, and a over the instep, and around the heel, special curious paleness that I have drawing the heel and toe nearer to- never seen except in connection with gether, making a bulge on the instep, foot-binding. Their mothers mostly and a deep niche in the sole under- sleep with a big stick by the bedside, neath; thence it foJlows its former with which to get up and beat the course until all the bandage is ap- little girl should she disturb the plied and the last end is sewn down household by her wails; but not unfirmly on the underlying cloth. Once commonly she is put to sleep in an a month or oftener, the feet, with the· outhouse. The only relief she gets is bandages upon them, are put into a either from opium, or from hanging bucket of hot water and soaked. her feet over the edge of her wooden Then the bandages are removed, the bedstead, so as to stop the circulation. dead skin is rubbed off, the foot is The Chinese saying is, 'For each pair kneaded more fully into the desired of bound feet there has been a whole shape, pulverized alum is laid on, and kang, or big bath, full of tears.' And clean bandages quickly affixt. If the they say that one girl out' of ten dies bandages are long left off, the blood of foot-binding or its after-effects." again circulates in the feet, and the Many foreigners in China imagine rebinding is very painful. The pain that after a woman reaches maturity is least when the feet are so firmly she is free from pain, but, according and constantly bound as to be be- to one medical authority, it is almost numbed by the pressure of the band- impossible to find an elderly woman ages. It notinfrequentIy happens who, when questioned closely, will that the flesh becomes putrescent dur- deny that she is a constant sufferer ing the process of binding and por- owing to the tight bandages. Women tions slough off from the sole. Some- with comprest feet can not stand for

WOMAN'S LIFE IN CHINA

any length of time without great suf- some parts the eyebrows of the bride fering. Paralysis of the legs fre- are pulled out previous to the wedquently ensues on the practise. Ec- ding day, so that" she is recognized zema and ulceration also are common, ever afterward as a married woman. not among the poor only, but also On the day of the wedding there is among the wealthy and official great anxiety to adorn and beautify classes. Medical missionaries some- her. She is clad in a splendid robetimes meet with gangrene following often borrowed for the occasion. Her the foot-binding, when it becomes necessary to amputate the feet in order to save the life.

Before the young girl knows what it means, she is married, sometimes to a man twice, or even three or four times, her own age. She herself has no say as to the selection of her future husband. And for that matter neither has her husband any say as to the selection of his bride. All such matters are in the hands of the parents, and even the parents themselves do not attend to the engagement of the young people, but make all arrangements with the aid of go-betweens. Hence the Chinese "Odes" say: How do we proceed to split firewood? LOOKING DOWN A CHINESE STREET Without an ax it can not be done. beautiful plaits of raven hair are orna- How do we proceed to take a wife? mented with flowers and precious Without a go-between it can not be done. stones. She is carried away in great pomp, and musicians surround the The first step taken by the father of beautiful palanquin in which she sits the young man, or boy, is to send a go- in state like a queen. In some parts between to the father of the girl, to of China, a man carrying a huge piece inquire the name and the moment of of pork precedes the wedding-chair; her birth, that the horoscope of. the this is meant to attract any evil spirits two may be examined, in order to as- that may be around to harm the certain whether the proposed alliance young bride. It is expected that while will be a happy one. If the eight the evil spirits are feasting upon this characters seem to augur aright, the go-between is sent back to make an offer of marriage. If accepted, presents are sent to the girl's parents, according to the means of the parents, and a lucky day is ehosen for the wedding.

Wedding customs vary greatly in different parts of the country. In

pork the bride will reach her new thrown, young, feeble, and inexpe- home unharmed. rienced, among total strangers, to suf- The religions part of the ceremony fer privation and <:ontempt, and to be consists in the bride and groom's wor- altogether at the mercy of her pur- shiping together the spirit tablets of chaser. In her new family she is ex- pected to obey everyone without exception. According to an expres- sion of an old Chinese writer, 'The newly married wiEe should be but a shadow and an echo in the home.' "

At the best, the young bride is treated very much like a freshman among upper classmen. At the worst, she is cruelly treated, often beaten by her mother-in-law and husband, and is sometimes even driven to suicide by the harsh treatment she receives in her new home. Even should the husband love his wife, which i, not very likely, and wish to take her part, he must not do so, else he will bring down upon his head the wrath and the ridicule of the entire family. The claims of the parents and brothers upon his affec- tion amI love are considered to be A GIWUP OF (HIKESE CHRISTIAN WOMEN paramount to that of his wife. A rea- son given for this doctrine in a cele- the ancestors of the groom. The brated Chinese work which treats of parties first see each other's faces the domestic relations and duties is, when, seated by the bridal bed, the that the loss of a brother is irreparable bride's veil is removed, and the two but that of a wife is not.

parties drink wine out of the same There are seven reasons which jus- cup. The day is spent in feasting, tify divorce; namely, bad behavior congratulations, complimenting the toward father- and mother-in-law, no bride, and general hilarity. children, adultery, jealousy, loathsome You would think, perhaps, to wit- disease, garrulousness, and stealing.

ness all the grandeur and rejoicing There are three conditions under at a Chinese wedding, that now, at which the above seven reasons fail to last, the period of happiness of the justify divorce; namely, if the wife young girl is about to begin. "But have no home to. go to, if she have alas! a young woman is but a victim twice shared the period of three years'

adorned for the sacrifice. She is quit- mourning for parent-in-law, and if ting a home where, however. neg- she have risen with her husband from lected, she was in the society of rela- poverty to affluence. But no divorce tions to whom she had been accus- can be obtained by the woman for any tomed from infancy. She is now' reason whatsoever. On the contrary,

WOMAN'S LIFE IN CHINA

the sacred books say: "Let a wife According to the teachings of the gratify him [her husband] with the' Chinese c1assics- strictest obedience. Tho he be aged 1. Woman is as different in nature and infirm, and a drunkard and a de- I from man as earth is from heaven.

bauchee, she must still regard him as 2. Tho wome:l are regarded as her god."

The Chinese woman is despised and neglected and left untaught. Proba- bly no more than one woman in one thousand can read a single character.

They teach their boys all they can, but why should the girl be educated? She is going into her husband's home, and if he wants her educated, let him do so; it is none of our concern. "To educate a girl," th'7 say, "is like put- ting a gold chain around the neck of the puppy of some one else." They wilI tell you that a woman's duty is summed up in the "three obediences."

When young, let her obey her father; when married, let her obey her hus- band; and should she become a widow, let her obey her SOilS. To obey is the whole duty o'f women.

There are many signs pointing to A CHIXESE CHRISTI~N WO:i1AN the inferiority of women. Her inferiority is taught in the classics. As The widow of Pastor I·Isi. The photograph early as the year 800 B.C. we find this sho'~(s the ,varm padded coat wonl in winter. :Mrs. Hsi holds a Dible in her hanel.

distinction betweeri boys and girls ex- human beings, they are of a lower prest in one of the classical "Odes": state than men, and can never attain The bears and grizzly bears to full equality with men. Are the auspicious intimations of sons; 3. Women can not have any hap- The cobras and other snakes piness of their own; they have to live Are the </Uspicious intimations of daugh- and work for men. ters: 4. Only as the mother of a son can When a son is born-in a lordly bed' a woman escape from her degradation Wrap him in raiment of purple and red; and become to a degree equal to her Jewels and gold for playthings bring For the noble boy who shall serve the husband; but then only in the house- king. hold affairs, especially the female de- partment and the <:ncestral hall. When a girl is born-in coarse cloth wound. Even the written language of Chlr.:t points to the degradation of woman- With a title for a toy, let her lie on the hood. The hieroglyphics in which the ground, symbol of woman appears are a wiu- dow through which we may look into In her bread and her beer be her praise and her blame And let her not sully her parents' good name.

the native mind and see how popular A wife should be as the shadow and echo opinion regards her. "Horne," which of her husband. to us is made such by the tender miuistration of mother or wife, is repre- The goodness of a woman is like the sented in the Chinese language by a bravery of a coward.

One deform ed son is better than eighteen daughters as wise as the apostles of Buddha.

The tooth of the bamboo-snake and the sting of the hornet can not be compared for poison with a woman's heart.

A CHINESE ,BI1lLE.CLASS SUPPER The tokens of her inferiority in the daily life of the Chinese are not want- The women of the American Board Mission ing. A young mother is oftentimes Bible Class at Pangchwang, North China. beaten for the crime of giving birth to a daughter instead of a son. Doctors pig under a roof; i.e., a pig-sty. The can charge only half as much for word "marriage" is represented by a vaccinating girls as for boys; for woman and a pig practically under the should they charge the same, nobody same roof. Woman is the radical of would get the girls vaccinated, preferthe word slave. Two women together ring to run the risk. In many families convey the idea of a quarrel; three girls have no individual names, but together mean "intrigue" and '.'adul- are simply called No.2, 3, 4, etc. tery" ; while woman under trees signi- When married, they are Mr. So-andfies to covet-a fact that led the early so's wife; and when they have sons, Jesuits to speculare on the possibility they are such and such a boy's mother. of a time when the Chinese may have Women are expected to retire when a heard of the story of Eden and the sin stranger or an acquaintance out of the of Eve. family of the opposite sex enters the house. No husband would willingly The proverbs current among the appear in public with his wife. If he Chinese also point to woman's degra- is obliged to escort her, she must walk dation: well in front as a sign of her inferior position. If by chance he refers to Nine. women out of ten are jealous. her in his conversation he will proba- A girl is worth only one-tenth as much as bly designate her as his "dull thorn," or some other derogatory expression. a boy. A husband may beat his wife to death No orqers must issue from the women's and go unpunished; but a wife who strikes her husband a single blow may apartment. be divorced, and beaten a hundred Nothing wilI frighten a wilful wife but a blows with the heavy bamboo. She has no legal right to anything what- beating. ever apart from her male relatives. If she herself does not become the mother of a son, secondary wives or concubines are brought into the home, and the Chinese say sometimes of

I] WOMAN'S LIFE IN CHINA

these, "We married our wives, but we or 3,000 women reciting prayers to luve our concubines." Buddha on the occasion of a festival. "Why are aIr the worshipers women, Buddhism and Taoism are equally and what are they praying for?" he hard on women. According to these inquired. "They are praying that two systems, no woman, however vir- they may be born into the world a3 tuous she may be, has any hope of im- men," was the answer. mediate salvation beyond the grave. When a woman dies, simply because Nevertheless, in the words of Denshe is a woman, she falls into the nis, "Chinese women are acknowl- GIRLS IN THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY SCHOOL IN SHANGHAI dread "lake of blood." And when she edged to be capable and. possest of has expiated her supposed sins, the natural dignity of character, but in sins of womanhood, in the supposed the blighted environment in which lake, all she can expect, the highest they have lived for centuries their enshe can hope for, is to be reborn into dowments have withered and their life the world as a man. Speaking of has stagnated. Christianity, when its Buddhism, Brahmanism, and Moham- full opportunity comes, will make a medanism, Mrs. Bishop states that noble and saintly type of womanhood they degrade woman with an infinite in China, which will be an honor to degradation. Dr. W. A. P. Martin the kingdom of God, and an untold speaks of seeing in one temple 2,000 power in the development of Asia."

JOHN E. CLOUGH, D.D

Dr. Clough died in Rochester, N. Y., on November 24. at the age of seventy-four, after nearly half a century of work for the Telugus of India BY REV. HENRY C. MABIE, D.D. Formerly Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society The subject of this sketch, .while Christ, largely through the quiet on furlough in this country, passed fidelity of his roommate, named away in Rochester, N. Y., November McMichael, and the pastoral influence 24, 19IO, at the age of seventy-four. While succeeding to the labors of such of Dr. G. J. Johnson, a personality of missionaries as Samuel Day, Lyman Jewett, D.D., and others who were rare power in Iowa. more strictly the founders of the im- From the start, Dr. Clough's conportant Telugu Mission of the Baptists in South India, yet, by common con- ception of the missionary life and work sent, Dr. Clough was an outstanding was peculiarly his own. It was, at leader in the phenomenal development the furthest, removed from anything of the mission, particularly of that por- like sentimentality. He was a man of tion of it which has for its center the quick intuition, rare insight into city of Ongole. Young Clough was human nature and unflinching courprompted to offer himself to the mis- age; in short, a man who "stood four sion at a period of great discourage- square to every wind that blows." ment, not so much of the founders of The very fact that the mission was a the mission as of its constituency in discouraging one to most men apthis country. After the lapse of thirty pealed to him. He wanted a task equal years from its commencement the mis- to all his powers. Once satisfied that sion had but a score Of so of converts. this work was his, he did not pause At two periods the Boston Society to parley with subordinate questions. was on the point of abandoning it. At his ordination, in 1864, he had so On the second occasion the accounts imprest his brethren of the council respecting it, which had reached the with the firm conviction of his divine ears of young Clough, then a young call that when Dr. Nathaniel Colver, colporteur in Iowa, but served to the stalwart highly Calvinistic moderastimulate him to what he ever believed tor of the council, came to give was a divine call to offer himself to the charge to the young mis- "The Lone Star Mission," so desig- sionary, he admonished him that if nated because up to this time it had ever in the years to come he felt a but the single 'station of Nellore. Dr. particle of discouragement, he was to Clough was born in Frewsburg, N. Y., remember his own avowed belief; that his youth was spent. in Illinois "God from all eternity had preand Iowa; he early joined a sur- ordained him to prea,ch the gospel to veying party which was laying out for the Telugus," and take new heart. the Government the new lands of Min- Dr. Clough was ever affirming that nesota for the occupancy of incoming that solemn conviction had borne him settlers. Eager for further education, through every crisis in his long career. he afterward became a student in Burlington Institute and Upper Iowa When the young candidate appeared College, where he graduated. While at the mission-rooms in Boston for in Burlington he was converted to examination, he exprest himself as so sanguine respecting his call to the Telugu field, that one cautious member of the committee asked him how he would receive it should the

committee decline to appoint him. weeks in my pastoral home in Rock- Clough answered with perfect non- ford, 111., and the impression made chalance that he thought "he would upon the community was like that of find a way to get there." And yet in a fresh breeze from the mountains.

this there was no bravado. Dr. His face was radiant from inward joy.

Clough had the sense of humor, and His enthusiasm for his beloved his ability to discern that element in Telugus was contagious. The oppor- practically all situations bore him over tunities which presented themselves hard places where others would have day by day, and often long into the wavered. He had in him no element nights, to plead his cause with all of self-pity, nor did he ever indulge sorts of people were seized with in mock-heroics, as if he were doing avidity. He was eager to obtain other anything unusual. He considered a workers for the field, and many Chris- mission to the heathen as divinely tians, and ministers there and else- ordained business and he made every- where felt warmed as never before to thing bear on its accomplishment. He partnership with him in world-wide had rare power of initiative, was full mission work. If objections were of inventiveness in method, and, when raised respecting the perils of an a course of action was determined on, Asiatic climate, the pains of separa- it was practically impossible to move tion from home friends or perils from him therefrom. Probably this quality beasts or reptiles, it was amazing with so strong in him sometimes led his what fun-making power he would re- associates to doubt his leadership, as, duce such objections to the ridiculous indeed, in matters of policy, on occa- as compared with the sublime values sions they did radically differ from to be sought and lived for. He would him. Dr. Clough, however, while not so much as hear of the word "sac- slow to interfere with work committed rifice" in the career of a true mis- to others, always had the bearing sionary; there was so much more of which said "hands off" to the meddle- inspiration in it, and it was all de- some in his own affairs. Tho he scribed as so matter of course, so easy lived so long under the British flag, even, that it was hard to resist him.

Clough was profoundly American in Was not "the world made for such un- his sentiments and prejudices; he dertakings?" and "was it not God's never forgot his American instinct time for the conversion of the and all it stood for. His whole life Telugus ?" There was, then, nothing had been lived amid new and con- to do for the really called but to go structive conditions. His course was into the business with all one's powers, not determined by the methods of confident of uncommon seals on such others nor by the habits of mind of a ministry.

those who had been reared in different It was, of couurse, known how Dr.

environments, where precedents count Clough's presence on the mission field for more. He felt where God called from the start had raised the spirits him there was a fair field for all his of workers previously deprest; how own native resourcefulness. he had roused them to expect as many On the occasion of his first fur- as "one thousand converts in a year,"

lough home in 1873 he spent several and later, in 1879, 10,000-2,222 be-

JOHN E. CLOUGH, APOSTLE TO THE TELUGUS

ing baptized by six ordained preachers soon exchange their mourning for in one day. The famous "prayer- laughter, and you will be writing meeting hill" incident was also re- home the best of news in the world." membered; how on that holy mount The impression left on my own mind Dr. and Mrs. Lyman Jewett and three was of the unspeakably mean thing faithful native Christians one morn- it is on the part of us "stay-at-homes" ing at sunrise, twelve years before to leave men of stich quality and cali- Clough went, had besought God to ber to labor on in heathendom unsussend a worker for the Ongale district, tained, at least, if we can not go otlrwith its hundreds of heathen villages. selves. When, therefore, our people heard him rehearse the events so evidently Qualities such as I have been hintin fulfilment of that historic prayer- ing also came to the front in Dr. meeting they felt themselves in the Clough's rare skill on the field in deal- ing with the Hindus, whether they THE BAPTIST MISSION COLLEGE AT QNGOLE presence of the God-sent man, the were proud-caste peoples, some of prophet of a new era. And, more- them holding high government offices, over, as this prophet was no ascetic or pariah populations. True, the time like Elijah or John the Baptist, but came when he was obliged to decide almost its opposite-a keen, round- whether he would devote himself to eyed man, humorous and business-like the high-caste Brahmans, to whom he and simple as a child-aU classes was ever a sort of imported hero and warmed to him. He brought to us a philanthropist, or to the deprest Malas sense of the eminently sensible nature and Madigas-non-caste peoples-of of foreign missions and the practicality the plains, in whose famished condiof the enterprise in a way not pre- tion of every sort he always discerned viously realized. He· was not too that wqich Christ's gospel only could high above the people. He himself relieve. He so knew human nature stood ready to lead all new recruits to and the lines along which it could the field. Indeed, missionary recruit- best be influenced that with ease he ing with him seemed to say: "Come won the confidence of all classes, high on, boys and girls, and we'll have the and low. On the occasion of my visit best of times; when you are once gone, to his station in 1890, he brought toeven your lachrymose kinsfolk will gether as among his warmest friends

a dozen or more of the foremost ments. It was only a passing by-play, Brahmans and Mohammedans of the but it served to remind Brahmans and town, including a judge of the court, pariahs alike that they were equally the district registrar, private bankers human, and that the tactful missionary and attorneys, who found no difficulty was the brother and friend of them in occupying the armchairs in front all. His skill on such occasions was of the several hundred pariah church- unequaled. He would turn to account members in the same chapel to listen many of the apparently unpropitious to the American visitor and friend features in heathenism and make of their missionary, while later they, them serve his gospel. On this very in turn, in oral and written forms, tour, at another village, he so won the poured out their tribute to the trans- people that they brought their house- forming influence of the missionaries hold, and even temple idols, a large upon their entire communities. Yet, basketful of them, and dumped them withal, Dr. Clough himself was so at his feet, indicating that they were human and natural; his sympathy was through with them forever. Where so real and his wit so keen in expo- others would have failed under the sing the weak artifidalism of the dis- straining times of famine, for ex- tinctions which the Brahmans them- ample, the caste peoples ordering selves confest had "so shattered their away from the public wells the thirst- poor Indian society" that the mis- ing multitudes, this master of men sionary was irresistible with all castes would often find a swift entrance to or non-castes. the sense of sympathy and need, and While his guest, I went "on tour" utilize the very caste barriers to form with him among the multitudes in his points of contact. While he was district where resided his 23,000 native master, yet he bore no air of self- Christians. We held a camp-meeting conscious superiority as he moved of days at Darsi, at which over 2,000 among the people. His was the way people were gathered. Great num- of strength and love united. His bers were examined and accepted for unique inventiveness and power to Christian baptism. No less than 400 bring things to pass, came out par- souls in that single quarterly meeting ticularly when the great famine of of two days were received and bap- r876-78 came on. Throwing himself tized. While one of these meetings upon his rare resourcefulness he took was being held, a group of several a government contract for the con- proud cashmere-draped Brahmans ap- struction of a part of the Buckingham proached and yet stood apart by them- Canal. He thus employed three thou- selves listening. In the midst of his sand or more of the starving people in'

discourse the rare master of Indian the work, and in the evenings and on assemblies digressed and made some Sundays turned them all into grateful sort of a humorous sally at the dis- hearers of his gospel. This was, per- dainful, yet curious, Brahmans. In haps, his master-stroke in gaining the an instant their superciliousness confidence of all South India. And changed to laughing good nature, and as a guide to conduct in many with most pleasing repartee the con- later famines, I journeyed with Dr.

versation was carried on for some mo- Clough through a part of the dis-

BAPTIST MISSION SUNDAY-SCHOOL, ONGOLE, SOUTH

trict fourteen years after the famine shall not write many letters, I shall of r876-78 and saw the villagers be too busy. I wish now to say all pouring out of their little huts as their I would write." Then, with his full, beloved "Cloughdora" approached. keen eyes scrutinizing the faces of the Mothers would point their nursing secretaries, the treasurer and each children to their benefactor of the member of the committee in turn, he earlier days, who had helped to ward burned into them his request. When off pestilence as he had relieved their he had finished he had gained his point hunger. Some would literally fall at with every man before him. He read his feet; some, led by the chief of the men and faces as an open book, and village would come even in the mid- then he was mesmeric; there was such night hours and awake us out of reason and common-sense withal in sleep in our bullock-coach and plead his pleadings. He knew his under- for teachers for their village. On one taking and was confident of available occasion, a stalwart athletic man fol- resources. On the deputation work lowed our cart for perhaps half an referred to he had just proved afresh hour entreating us that he might come his power, in raising a round $roo,ooo to Ongole to "learn to read God's by personal solicitation for the re- book" and "to get food for his heart" enforcement of the Telugu work. Be- and a better outlook for his family. sides, he had secured more than twenty Nor shall we ever forget the man's new families to go with him to India, grateful look as he bowed his lowest ultimately to take over great portions salaam, and ran away across the plains of his overgrown parish. Such an to prepare for the new life now open- hour, with such a backing, it is not ing to him. the lot of many missionaries to ex- But Clough's power was not con- perience, but Clough's command was fined to his influence over Hindu pop- absolute. He had his way.

ulations. It was marked with all men, Of course, there were different es- whether with government officials, timates respecting so strong a per- with the churches at home or with the sonality as I am describing. Some committee in Boston. I recall an oc- discounted the effectiveness of his casion when he appeared before the labors; some said he "used money too Boston committee just prior to his freely; it tended to pauperize the na- return to India in r892, after most tive churches," etc. There is room for effective deputation service in this much difference of opinion respecting country. He was bent upon impress- these and other details, but, at all ing upon the committee a few things events, the inspiring power of this essential to the uplift of the Telugu gifted man in the Telugu field was mission in this time of crisis. As such that in the course of his forty- he entered the room he remarked, six years of service he saw the num- "Please let me sit with my back ber of Christians in the mission rise to those windows where I may from less than fifty to about sixty take in the countenances of you, thousand, with a college, a theological brethren." Then, looking them seminary, numerous station schools, squarely in the face, he proceeded, hospitals, an orphanage and various "When I shall have gone from you I kindred agencies effectively at work.

19II ] DR. JOHN E. CLOUGH, APOSTLE TO THE TELUGUS

That Dr. Clough did use money freely always occurring heresies, evil upri- was true, and much was entrusted to sings and fallings-away under all SOrts him by people of large means inde- of powerful partizan leaders, most of pendently of the society, with the in- them errorists in part. This was true junction to use it exactly as he saw even among the church Fathers, and fit. This was criticized by some of his certainly through all medieval times.

associates; and the tendency to that Even in our own times are there not form of benefaction in general is open many antagonistic voices? and are aU to question by wise executives. But, Christians models in spiritual attain- as he was no common man, so, per- ment? Yet God ever preserves to haps, a wise expediency accorded to himself a remnant. Out of it all there him a peculiarly free hand. emerge certain chastened forms of It has sometimes been questioned Christianity, such as the Protestant- whether Dr. Clough's methods of ism of Germany, the Reformations work were adapted to promote the under Knox and Wesley – and other highest spiritual standards in the na- dissenting leaders in Britain, and all tive churches. Certainly they were the better forms of Christian life in not such as prevail in many "higher the new world.

life" circles. Here, also, there is Dr. Clough realized that India, with room for difference of opinion. Surely its more than five hundred tongues, no one would apologize for any low was an opprest as well as a mongrel standard of piety anywhere, or among people, with conditions so dissimilar any people. Yet, in the judgment of to those in English or American the present writer, and in the light of Christendom that no western method long eras of Christian and missionary would ever Christianize it; that it history, a mark of Dr. Clough's mis- would take centuries to develop the sionary wisdom lay in this, that he had beginnings of such churches as Chris- learned not to expect too much of the tendom expects. But his faith was first, the second, or even the third large and constant that God would not generation of conver"ts from heathen- forsake his own.

ism. He knew there would be many Dr. Clough would have been the lapses, as there always are in every last to claim that the up-building of land. Dr. Clough knew human na- the Te1ugu mission in its present large ture, and Hindu human nature in extent, with probably 200,000 souls particular. He was wont to say that fairly under the tuition of its large when he went to India he found he fcrce of American missionaries, one had to learn not only the language, but hundred or more, besides many hun- the Hindus; and the latter was, per- dreds of trained native workers, haps, the more important. And so he was even mainly the result of his learned to make allowance. Did his- own labors. He was himself, how- toric Christianity, in its early stages, ever, a great constructive personality in any country or among any people, that meant inspiration to it all. He hold its own uniformly in anything was preceded by men of the deepest like ideal purity? Note the state of devotion and largest faith, such as the early Corinthian Christians. Suc- Day and Jewett, who have fallen on ceeding the apostolic times there were sleep; and he had in effective coop-

eration with him many noble part- '.lnd who survives him, being now enners, two of his own daughters with gaged in editing what must prove a their husbands and others yet living very interesting autobiography of her too numerous to mention. Yet, by husband. common consent, the real and marked progress of the mission began. with In conclusion, it should be said that the arrival of Dr. Clough upon the Dr. Clough, like all other commandfield in 1865. His largely disabled ing men, was gifted with imagination, condition, resulting from a fall in his the vision of the prophet which sees across empires, past dynasties and DR. CLOUGH TRAVELING AROUND IllS STATION This represents Dr. Clough after his last re turn to India, aft~r hi s infirmities prevented his walking.

later years, greatly curtailed his la- through centuries for the realization bors, tho never quenching the fire of of his ideal. his enthusiasm. Dr. Clough sleeps in the cemetery at Dr. Clough was twice married, first, Newton Centre, Mass., close by the to Miss .Harriet Sunderland, who remains of his colaborer, Lyman originally accompanied him to India J ewett, Jonah G. Warren, the foreign via Cape of Good Hope, and wrought secretary of his time, and Dr. Samuel with him most effectively and became F. Smith, author of "America" and the mother of his five children. After "Shine on lone star," which helped to her decease, through a distressing ac- save the Telugu mission, a trio of cident in this country, Dr. Clough comrades of uncommon distinction. married Miss Emma Rauschenbusch, Ia such company he awaits the resura former worker in the same mission, rection morn and reward.

EDITOR'S LETTERS FROM ASIA*-11

THE SIGNS OF PROGRESS IN JAPAN BY REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D. D.

Profound gratification has been ex- is intended to secure employment for perienced in some features of our visit Christian men and women and give to Japan, not least among them being them that advanced agricultural trainthe privilege of seeing the results of the ing which would help make them to gifts of our lifelong friend and former self-support. It is hoped that many of elder in the work of Bethany Church, these natives will ultimately become Philadelphia, the Hon. John Wana- missionaries among their own people. maker. Many do not know how much Mr. Wanamaker is now proceeding he has done for the Young Men's with the erection of a Y. M. C. A. Christian Association in heathen building in Peking, China. He has allands. In India he provided for the ready practically completed the Young erection of the Madras Association Men's Christian Association Hall in building-with the exception of a gov- the center of Seoul, the old Korean ernment building-the first stone capital; and another, at Kyoto, Japan, structure in Madras. 'Later, he gave is ready to be formally opened as soon another building for the younger mem- as the small debt remaining upon the bers of the Christian Association at site is removed. Calcutta. Further work in India, At this association building in stimulated by Mr. Wanamaker's Kyoto it was my privilege, on behalf benevolence and missionary spirit, of Mr. Wanamaker, to give an adwas the purchase by Bethany Church dress at the banquet, November 21, of several acres in the heart of Allaha- preliminary to the formal opening. bad, including some bungalows, to This record is given merely to illuswhich was removed the Girls' School trate what one humble layman may do from the old quarters on the J umna ; with consecrated capital and a conseand later came the erection of a large crated spirit. dormitory named for his wife, Mrs. The building at Kyoto could Mary B. Wanamaker, where more scarcely be better adapted for the than 100 girls are being educated. needs in view. Wherever we have Two teachers are also supported in gone thus far the Young Men's Christhe Industrial Department of the tian Association is regarded as one of Men's University at Allahabad, where the potent factors in the evangelizaa building for industrial training has tion of Japan. The secretaries are been equipped at the cost of $5,000. generally thoroughly evangelical and Later, Mr. Wanamaker gave $20,000 earnestly bent upon the salvation of to Allahabad for the Bethany Golden young men. This primary object of Jubilee Hall as an anniversary memo- their work is apparently never lost rial of Bethany's founding. Another sight of or subordinated to other aims enterprise which he and Bethany and interests. Church have undertaken, and have Another gratification that awaited well under way, is an agricultural me was to meet at Kyoto Dr. Saiki farm on the other side of the Jumna, and at Kobe Dr. Kamoto, young opposite Allahabad University. This Japanese who were, for three years, 'Written from Yamaguchi, Japan, November 30. 1910.

members of the congregation at Loomis' school in Yokohama, where, Bethany while pursuing a course of every student was recently brought to medicine and surgery in the Univer- a knowledge of the Savior. While the sity of Pennsylvania. Both of these adult population is hard to reach and men exercise a noble Christian influ- mold anew, being firmly wedded to ence as physicians and as citizens. Dr. their superstitions and practises, work Saiki is in charge of a charity mater- among the children and youth is ex- nity hospital, is one of the directors of ceedingly fruitful in most abundant the famous Doshisha University, and results.

is the president of the Y. M. C. A. At Hiroshima we met on Sunday In Kyoto he exercises a thoroughly afternoon the resident missionaries, pervasive Christian influence, is highly evangelists and teachers, and gave an esteemed and lavishly generous. address upon Prayer, based upon two It was a joy to feel that one had any great texts: "0 thou that hearest part in the spiritual preparation of prayer, unto thee shaH all flesh come"

these men for their future work in the ( Psalm 65:2); and "Behold, the Sunrise Kingdom. Lord's hand is not shortened that it At Kobe Christian work is carried can not save; neither His ear heavy, on with remarkable success and in a that it can not hear: But your iniqui- noble spirit. For example, a young ties have separated between you and theological student, himself threatened your God and your sins have hid His with death by consumption, was so face from you, that he will not hear"

much moved by the neglected condi- (Isaiah 59: r, 2). These texts were tion of the out-caste and criminal taken as the utterances of God to in- classes that he began, on his own re- dicate that He is the hearer and an- sponsibility, Christian work among swerer of prayer; and that, if prayer them, hiring premises and carrying on goes unanswered, it is not because the the enterprise at a cost of thirty yen arm of His power is paralyzed or the ($r5) a month. At one meeting, ear of His sympathy is dull of hearing, where a score of men were present, he but because of some lack on the part was seated between murderers and of the suppliant soul. This truth was surrounded by thieves and other jail- illustrated from the Word of God, es- birds. Conversions are going on here pecial1y from the Epistle of James, all the time under this self-denying which is abundant in the application laborer. This is but one example of of these great truths.

how a little money, about $180 a year, At Yamaguchi we found a great will suffice to pay the expenses of a work in progress. An out-station benevolent Christlike work. where a young native evangelist is At Hiroshima excellent school work working was threatened with embar- for girls is carried on by the represen- rassment through the inability longer tatives of the Southern Methodist to rent the building in which the serv- Church, Miss Gaines, Miss Shannon ices were held. Only about 350 yen and their associates. The work in- ($275) was still lacking of the amount cludes a kindergarten and higher needed to purchase the property and grades. Conversions are continually it was a great pleasure, from the Jubi- occurring, as they are also in Miss lee Fund entrusted to us by American

EDITOR'S LETTERS FROM ASIA

friends, to appropriate sufficient to the vivid impressions that have been complete the purchase. This is another derived from personal contact with illustration of the fact that a small these self-sacrificing men and women amount of money will sometimes save have given a clearer and deeper con- a work from serious stoppage or ception of the nobility of true mis- paralysis. We could not but wish that sionary work than we have known many Christian friends at home who before. The Church might well afford have money at their disposal might see to send her members to visit the mis- some of these things which we have sionary field, if only for the quicken- seen and hear some of the things ing ·influence, both upon their mis- which we have heard. They could not sionary spirit and upon their system- withhold their gifts, but would freely atic giving. There could be no lack put them out to interest in God's busi- of funds to support God's work if ness enterprises. consecrated people could know what In a visit to the temple of Hon- immense harvests come from a little Gwan-Ji at Kyoto we saw one of the seed carefully sown and watered. It famous coils of human hair, donated is one of the incredible facts of mis- by the Japanese women to be braided sions that God should so multiply the into a huge cable about five inches in seed sown, that even now there is a diameter for use in the building of the hundred-fold harvest.

temple. The coil of hair stands on the If the effect upon giving would be platform of the temple about the so immense, what would be the effect size of a large hogshead. This temple upon the praying of God's people?

derives its name meaning "the original We should have sympathetic action in vow," from a tradition that Buddha, the churches and many a living link while disembodied, sighing over the established between the Church at needs and destitution of humanity, home and the mission fields abroad.

made a solemn vow that he would be- Facts are the fuel of the missionary come incarnate in order to save the spirit, and we shall endeavor in these world. In the Shogun temples, which letters to communicate facts as they are really tombs, the lotus plant and come to our knowledge, in the fields it the chrysanthemum stand side by side is our privilege to visit. Just now we at the shrines; the lotus being the can only add that we feel like the Shogun emblem and the chrysanthe- queen of Sheba, after she beheld the mum belonging to the later period of glory of Solomon, that "the half was the Mikado's reign. The older sepul- not told us." What we have seen and chers have the former decoration, the heard surpasses all we have known or lotus, and the later tombs are marked imagined. The work, the workers, by the chrysanthemum. the need of these lands and the results One great impression eclipses al- already reached, have never been ade- most every other as we look back over quately estimated. It requires person- our visit to Japan, and that is, the al contact to understand both the noble self-denial of the men and problems of missions and the adequacy women that are there engaged in pro- of the gospel to solve them. The more claiming Christ. After speaking and we see of missionary work the more writing upon missions for forty years, we believe it to be God's work.

REMARKABLE SPIRITUAL MOVEMENT IN

BY WILLIAM OLNEY, LONDON The following is a resume of a short showed him a wide-open door of use- and rapid survey of the work of God fulness, for the people crowded in to in Russia, made during a fourteen hear the Word. He resigned the pas- days' visit to St. Petersburg, Moscow, torate of the Lettish Church in order and neighboring places. At the invi- to form a Russian Church, and gave tation of Pastor W. Fetler, who is in himself up to the evangelization of charge of the newly-formed Baptist this great nation.

Church in St. Petersburg, the writer No hall available for regular use made a hasty journey of fourteen days can be found large enough to acom- to St. Petersburg, Moscow, and neigh- modate the crowds who come to hear boring places with the double object the simple exposition of Scripture of seeking a closer acquaintance with truth from his lips. A site has been the work and cooperating in the evan- obtained in a suitable quarter of St.

gelistic efforts of the pastor. Petersburg to erect a hall to hold Mr. Fetler is peculiarly fitted by some 2,500 auditors. In the front birth, mental endowments and spir- part of the site are two houses ad- itual qualifications to be the instru- mirably adapted for various branches ment in God's hands for the spread of of Home Mission work-printing, evangelical truth in Russia. He is a cheap dining-rooms, superintendent's Lett by birth; acquainted with several and caretaker's rooms, etc. The whole languages; and having upon his heart cost of the project, including site and from his ear/iest Christian experience buildings, is likely to be £15,000; a desire to see the work of God among £4,000 of which has already been his own countrymen and the neigh- given or promised. It is the daily boring nations. He obtained training prayer of Mr. Fetler and his people for the ministry in Pastor's College, that the remaining £u,ooo may be London, founded by Charles H. Spur- provided by Christians in various geon. During his college course Mr. parts of the world, that this headquar- Fetler came across the Autobiography ters for sendinK out streams of evan- of Charles G. Finney, the American gelical influence over Russia may be Evangelist, and learned from the spir- speedily opened unencumbered by itual experience of that man of God debt.

to value the filling of the Holy Spirit It is only within the last five years beyond all otner attainments. He that Russia has had any liberty to makes a daily filling with power from worship God according to conscience.

on high the chief desideratum for him- By the edict of the Czar, in conformity self, and he gives the teaching con- with the advice of his ministers, re- cerning the Holy Spirit a prominent ligious liberty has been granted, so place in his public addresses. that all attempts to hinder his services After leaving college, Mr. Fetler -and they are still many-Mr. Fetler became pastor to a little church in his is able to point to the decree of the own land, and then accepted the over- highest authority in the land. Among sight of the Lettish Church in St. the converts in the mission halls are Petersburg. An experiment of hold- some of the worst characters in the ing special services for the Russians city, so that the benefit to the government is evident and the rulers should often accompanied by tears. It was perceive that the unfettered preaching such an unusual experience, as if a of the Gospel of Jesus Christ does breath from heaven had moved upon produce righteousness in a nation. the souls of the assembled hundreds.

On the evening after we landed we inspiring all with holy desire.

attended a service in Mr. Fetler's After more praise and prayer, Pas- principal hall in St. Petersburg. It tor FeUer delivered an address, illus- was originally built for public baths, trated by a verbal sketch of his subject but had been fitted up for an assembly upon the blackboard. The occasion of hall. The eagerness of the people the gathering was ostensibly a prep- vv ho were crowding in to the services aration of Sunday-school teachers for was very noticeable-similar to that their Sabbath work, but the character- in the early days of C. H. Spurgeon, istics of the meeting were, first, that in the Music Hall, Surrey Gardens, no Sunday-school being allowed at London. We have seldom, if ever, present, the address was really the seen crowds pressing so eagerly into weekly instruction to those who would the House of God with alacrity-and have constituted the senior scholars anticipation, quick steps, the hum of and Bible-class members in Christian many voices; and the joyous· excite- lands; and, secondly, that the general ment upon the countenances of the p1lblic, including a large number of gathering people. The auditorium unbelievers, flocked into the meeting, and platform were both quickly quite indifferent to its special charac- crowded. When Mr. FeUer bowed in ter. Before the service was over, Mr.

prayer, one of the chief features of Fetler, recognizing the presence of this work of God in Russia was mani- Diany who had not yielded to the fested. He read from slips of paper Savior, tested the meeting, and a large requests for prayer which had been number of hands were held up to brought forward as the audience gath- show a desire to find Christ.

ered. On the following evening a meeting For an unbeliever over sixty years of age. was held in another part of the city, Girl present for the first time. in the center of the Vassily Island, For a drunkard. a large manufacturing district of St. For a drunkard present, that his chains Petersburg. The room was more airy may be broken. than that of the previous evening, but For a converted Jewess, that she may be would hold probably about the same kept firm in her new-found faith. number, 400 people. There were the Following each petition there were same waves of murmuring supplica- first one or two voices, scarcely audi- tion, and the same hearty singing.

ble, leading in very short prayers. Mr. Fetler has the gift of varying the These were speedily followed by an meetings and eliciting the close atten- increase of whispered intercessions, tion of his audiences, unaccustomed to sighs and sobs, until, before the read- gospel services as they are, by calling ing of the requests were over, the upon one and another to read a line vv hole apdience appeared to be forget- Clr a whole verse of the hymn being ful of one another, and were present- sung, and sometimes asking that one ing their supplications in low tones, section of the audience should sing

thr verse alone. After a brief address full of feeling than at any other meetby the writer,-his first gospel address lt1g. After the believers' meeting on in Russia-Mr. Fetler followed with Saturday evening, it is the custom for a Scriptural exposition. He believes workers to go out into the streets that only by the public proclamation to privately and individually invite of God's Word can the kingdom of strangers into the late gathering. Christ be strengthened and extended, Processional marches are not allowed and the people are willing to listen, in Russia, a privilege reserved for the not only to nightly addresses, but to soldiers of the Czar. It is, therefore, sermon after sermon delivered in the necessary to advertise the late meetsame meeting; in fact, they never ings by personal appeal. But very seem to tire of listening to the story little urging is necessary. Altho the of redeeming grace. The people seem first Saturday evening was wet, yet even to lose the sense of need of food the idlers from the streets came and sleep if only they can listen to quickly crowding in, and by II o'clock gospel addresses. Frequently they the area of the building was well will stay together for two or three filled almost entirely by men. What hours, sometimes standing in a heated a sight! It was as tho the lowest atmosphere all the time, so intense is drinking saloons in the neighbortheir desire to listen to the Truth. hood and emptied their habitues into the hall. A choir of the workers took At the close of the meeting fifteen possession of the platform, and sang stept forward in front of the plat- very sweetly; and before l2 o'clock a form to publicly show their desire for number of the wretched and sinful forgiveness of sin and an interest in souls in the audience had sought, and, the Savior. Even after the meeting we believe, found, mercy through a was dismissed, inquirers remained till crucified Savior. about I I o'clock for conversation with the pastor. Upon our first Sunday in St. Peters- burg we were kept busy from 9.30 in On each of the Saturday evenings the morning till lO.30 at night, with during our stay in St. Petersburg we scarcely ten minutes of rest. The witnessed a gathering of believers, and morning worship lasted from IO to toward midnight, a late meeting of 12.30, followed by a church meeting waifs and strays of the city. Both as- from l2.30 to 2. The ordinary mornsemblies had their own peculiar inter- ing service, altho commencing with e8t. At the earlier gathering, in order worship, was soon turned, as by the to keep in check the outside public, direct work of the Holy Spirit, into an who are anxious to press into every evangelistic service. One of the most meeting, envelopes are distributed in noteworthy sights we saw was the an anteroom. Persons about to enter group of thirty inquirers, most of place a subscription in the envelop, them tall, bearded men, standing out thus aiding the work, and giving a from the congregation before the platsubstantial proof of their self-sacrific- form, to testify to their desire to find ing love to the Savior. The interces- salvation in Jesus Christ. The church sions, in these believers' gatherings, meeting was noteworthy for the reespecially on behalf of the uncon- ception of new members, the disverted friends, were, perhaps, more

SPIRITUAL MOVEMENT IN

cussion of a case or two of church customed to the preaching of the discipline, and the election of dele- Word, where people are so backward gates for the Baptist Conference in in acknowledging the Savior. On tne St. Petersburg, which is now a matter next evening the meeting was for of history. In the afternoon we went believers alone, but, as in St. Peters- to Pargolovo, where an active little burg, it was evident that a large num- body of believers hold services among ber who were inquirers had pushed themselves. Here a suitable plot of their way into the gathering of God's ground is offered upon which they children. The requests for prayer may build a chapel in which to meet. sent up were very striking: We held a service this afternoon in "Please pray for me,"

the open air, and the attention was as "Pray for a backslider,"

eager and earnest as seen at the in- "For a persecuted Christian," etc.

door meetings. The next day was one of the most From there we went to Lesnoy, notable days of my life. At the far-e- where a business man from St. Peters- well meeting the Moscow Hall was burg had turned his conservatory into crowded to excess. Even a window- a meeting-room. The brother who sill adjacent to the platform was oc- presides over the usual services is an cupied; and the people stood in a intelligent Christian man, speaking crowd at the door. At the close of the several languages, and with much en- service the writer asked those who thusiasm for the salvation of souls. had decided at the first meeting to ac- The place was so crowded that not cept Christ as their Savior to step out only was every seat occupied, but per- and shake hands. Many did so, and sons were standing all around the when an appeal was made to those three walls not occupied by the plat- now deciding to yield heart and life form. It was a glorious sight. Rich to the Savior many more came for- and poor met together. Seated within ward. That these results should fol- a few feet of each other were a man low the preached Word through an of the lowest type and a lady in rich interpreter, shows clearly that hunger attire. Many hands were held up at of the Russian people for the Word of the close of the service in token of a Life and the power of God, given in desire to find Christ. answer to prayer, accompanying the On Monday we left Mr. Fetler and preached Truth at the present time in went by night train to Moscow, where, Russia.

on Tuesday evening, we found a Friday evening we were again in large company assembled, who had St. Petersburg, and witnessed a large been apprised of our visit. Their gathering in Vassily Island. At the meeting-room is a mile and a half close of an appeal from Mr. Fetler away from the center of the city and many showed their wish to find new the entrance is dark and most forbid- life in Christ. Before the gathering ding, for persecution has prevented a separated one man, under deep con- more public and inviting location. viction of sin, bowed to the ground in The attention was intense, and the front of the platform with his fore- fearless decisions made for Christ head almost touching the floor, and made us jealous for favored lands ac- among others who remained for con-

versation after 'the meeting was dis- watched and listened as if eager that missed was a soldier in uniform. no movement in the service, or word spoken, should be lost. What made On Sunday morning twenty came the packed attendance the more reforward at the close of the ordinary markable was that each one had paid service, conducted by the pastor, to for admission. In order to restrain seek the Savior. In the afternoon we the multitudes from coming a small had the privilege of addressing a charge of 10 kopeks (2Yzd.) is made Lettish audience, being interpreted by for entrance to these baptismal serv- Mr. Fetler. Of course, the gathering ices. The candidates were six-one appeared comparatively sma]] after man and five women-all drest in the crowded Russian audiences. But white. Then the Lord's Supper was the attention was eager, and evidently celebrated. a good work for God is being done by this little Church. In the evening Without personally witnessing this there was packed into the hall one of work of the Holy Spirit in Russia, no the greatest crowds we had seen in one can juqge how great is the power Russia. The first address was given of God there >in the souls of His own by a Baptist pastor from Siberia, the people and in the hearts of the unfirst-comer to the Conference. The converted. The sympathetic interceswriter followed with a short address; sion of the Church of God the wide and then a third sermon was preached world over may well be offered at this to the patient and still eager gathering time, that men and means may be by Mr. Fetler. The usual result fol- found to meet the spiritual hunger of lowed, and a number responded to the this great nation. We trust that our appeal for immediate decision. readers will be imp rest with the wide- open door for the extension of Christ's The last Monday of our visit to kingdom in Russia, and will give their Russia we had the privilege of wit- prayers and, in some cases, their subnessing a baptismal service in Mr. Fetler's Hall. For three hours in the stance, in behalf of this work. No evening, fr0111 R to II, the people investment could be more worth while.

THE PROBLEM OF THE STUDENTS OF MANCHURIA BY REV. F. W. s. O'NEILL, M. A., FAKUMEN, MANCHURIA 1. N on-Christian.-There are 50 ready access to their minds, it is very educational institutions in Mukden different with Christianity. As an alone, in which the total number of indication of the attitude of the Govstudents is estimated to be 7,500. One ernment toward our religion it may be law school has 700 pupils, and one noted that worship of the tablet of of the three normal schools is prepar- Confucius has recently been so strictly ing to accommodate 1,000. The out- enforced, that it is almost impossible look of this vast body of young men for any student to avoid the obseris less skeptical and materialistic than vance. Again, the text-books hitherto formerly. But while Japanese in- in use, issued by the Commercial Pres~ fluence and modes of thought have of Shanghai, are being supplanted be-

PROBLEM OF THE STUDENTS OF MANCHURIA II9

cause their tone is more Christian threefold. The question very forcibly than Confucian. By the beginning ot brought before the Conference of 19I3, the Government will have re- Manchuria by Mr. C. W. Harvey, published all text-books, embodying Y. M. C. A. secretary for Tientsin, more completely than before the na- was whether the Scottish and Irish tional spirit in ethics, history and re- Missions could cooperate effectively ligion. with the Y. M. C. A., in plac- In Manchuria there is absolutely no ing a strong Student Christian organized effort to bring Christian center in Mukden. Their experience truth to bear on this vitally important proves the policy of one man in a cen- class of young men. As our religion ter to be suicidal. They are, there- appears to them a foreign, anti-na- fore, seriously considering the plan tional product, it is extremely difficult of setting apart a secretary for student for teachers or students to show sym- work in Mukden, provided the mis- pathy with the Christian Church. sions will also set apart one man, or With regard to Mukden, it was orig- preferably two. What is required, inally hoped by the founders of our in the first instance, is an institution Mission College that the Christian to devote itself to the welfare of the students would be able to do evan- Chinese non-Christian students, es- gelistic work among the government pecially on the Lord's day, for on the students. This hope has failed. It other six days of the week they are was because of the attitude of the confined within their school and col- Government that two years ago the lege compounds. But on the Lord's General Committee of the Y. M. C. A. day they are free from all restraints, was asked to undertake a task which, with evil results which need not be while of the first importance in our described. The proposed institution eyes, had become impracticable for the will be the sole moral attraction and Church. No group of government influence for these young men in the'

students could come to our college capital.

to discuss Christianity. It is, there- There are, besides, in Mukden fore, essential to find a neutral meet- many nominally Christian graduates ing-ground. of colleges in other parts of China, The present Literary Chancellor of now officially employed as teachers, Mukden, tho a strong Confucianist, postal and telegraph clerks and the is warm in his admiration of the great like. Of these the larger proportion work of the Y. M. C. A., as known speak English. They are generally to him in Tientsin. The Y. M. C. A. idle on Sundays. It may be taken for has been for fifteen years specializing granted that the hold which the with wonderful success on this very Church has lost over this class of men sphere and there are at present might be regained by Student Chris- twenty-nine American university men, tian work.

planted by this movement in the lead- In view of the conditional offer of ing cities of China. As the oppor- the Y. M. C. A., to share the burden tunity is now so pressing, the of this vitally important task, the authorities of the movement aim at councils of the Scottish and Irish Mis- increasing their staff of secretaries sions have sent unanimous appeals

to their Home Boards to set men apart churches of Ireland and Scotland for for this special effort to win the youth their goodness. The head of the col- of China, at the present critical period lege, Rev. D. T. Robertson, has done before it is too late. so much for you students you should II. Christian-In 1902 a Union surely be gratefu1." Mr. Willis, the College of Science and Arts was be- British Consul-General, humorously gun in Mukden by the two British explained how, before coming to Missions. There are now forty stu- China to commence his official career, dents in it, recruited from the twelve twenty years ago, he had regarded middle schools in different centers Scottish Presbyterianism as synony- throughout Manchuria. Unsatisfac- mous with narrow-minded bigotry.

tory native premises afforded tempo- So successful has been the evan- rary accommodation for the college gelistic policy hitherto pursued ir1 until in 19IO a fine new building, Manchuria that now the membership erected just outside the outer city of .the Church is nearly 20,000. It wall, in the Foreign Settlement in the may be thought by some a doubtfUl West. The Chinese Government very experiment to divert men and money, generously made a free grant of about otherwise available for evangelism, to three and one-half acres of land for the furtherance of the cause of educa- twenty years, with the option of pur- tion, and that, too, of a comparatively chase on easy terms at the end of the small handful of students. To this period of loan. The V. F. Church of doubt the unanimous ansyer of the Scotland and the Irish Presbyterian Manchurian Mission would be, "We Church have agreed to provide the dare not delay a day longer in OUi'

£4,000 required for the college build- tardy endeavor to educate our Chris- ing (which is really the dormitory tian youth in order to help to win the block) and the houses of the foreign mind of China." If the sympathetic staff. The students themselves critic had listened, on the evening of heartily carried out a holiday cam- that October 15, to a brilliant debate, paign for the raising of a fund to sup- managed entirely by the students, on piy the college furniture. the burning topic, "Ought China soon On October 15, 1910, the new build- to have a Parliament?" and, still ing was dedicated to the service of more, if he had accompanied those God before His Excellency, Hsi clever lads, each with his Bible, on the Liang, the Governor-General of following morning and had stood be- Manchuria, The British Consul-Gen- side them at the Park gate on the eral, the Rev. Dr. Sheffield, the vet- thronging road and heard them plead- eran principal of the American Board ing with the attentive crowd of their College of Science and Arts at Tung– fellow countrymen, as ambassadors of chow, near Peking, and a large com- Christ, he could hardly have escaped pany of Chinese and foreigners, in- the conviction that by means of such cluding two clergymen of the Church small handfuls of students as these, of England (S. P. G.). The Gover- with minds alert and hearts on fire, nor-General In the course of a God is planning to regenerate Man- friendly unassuming speech. said: churia. To-day is a day of opportunity "You ought to be thankful to the in this land also.

WORK FOR CHINESE IN

BY THE LATE MRS. STEPHEN BALDWIN There have never been more than the meaning by reading in his Chinese 250,000 Chinese at one time in the Bible. One who has not had the ex- United States and now they have been perience can hardly realize the conreduced to about 85,000, scattered in secrated patience required, and it various places throughout the East seemed to be largely the patience of and West. It is estimated that about Christian women, the patience which one-fifth are in California. The num- the loving mother gives to her child. ber is scarcely large enough to endan- The text-book was almost entirely the ger American morals or liberties; Bible, and the promise, "My word those who come in at the East, not at shall not return unto me void," was the West, are our menace to-day. fulfilled over and over again; for The different churches, in prominent those who came to learn English places in the West, soon recognized learned of the one God and His Son, the necessity of establishing, in who came to die for them. These Chinese centers, chapels and schools, Sunday-schools and night-schools, and organized such, more or less effi- held in church-rooms, on prominent cient, according to means and workers. streets, or in halls open to the public, Gradually the work extended East, became' places of social meeting, almost entirely through Sunday- harmless entertainment and readingschools. Christian women, with the rooms for the strangers. St. Bartholeadership and aiu of consecrated lomew's Church, New York City, men, willing to deny themselves a largely through Bishop Greer, opened Sabbath afternoon for this work, es- rooms, especially as a home gathertablished Sunday-schools in many ing-place for Chinese, a most beauticities. Under the auspices of promi- ful and helpful work. The Chinese nent churches-Presbyterian, Meth- learned the difference between real odist, Baptist, Friends, Episcopalian Christians and those who posed as and Congregationalist-these missions such, resenting the name of heathen have made a history, the results of hearts opened to the Word and the which can be fully known only in Truth. "God is love," once in the eternity. heart of a Chinese, makes him ready to bear, even unto death, rather than We have space here for only a few deny Christ, as has been the case so illustrations of the results and some many times, in my knowledge, and idea of numbers. There were many which stedfastness gave to almost difficulties, especially in the language, every Christian Church the modern teacher and scholar not understand- martyr of North China in 1900. ing each other, but prayer was constantly offered for guidance. Chinese The converts in the West became Bibles were obtained and used with evangelists-they visited the mines, the English, and this necessitated at preached and distributed tracts, colfirst the one-pupil method. The porteurs went up and down Califorteacher would count, in Chinese, the nia preaching the Word as did the chapter she wished read, and point it disciples of old. Such saintly men as out, verse by verse, repeating to the Sing Check, Sit Moon, Kam Lum an,d scholar, in English, and he would get others, all converts of the Presbyterian

Mission, and in whose redemption in the Sunday-schools. Many Chinese Sunday-schools had a large part, testify to their conversion because of journeyed long and wearily, on foot, the patience and faithful work of the sleeping anywhere they could find consecrated woman who has, for shelter, preaching as they went, by years, given her time to them on Sttnwayside, in lonely cabins, or as they day. Next to filial piety, the Chinese worked over their rockers in mines. honor learning, and, from childhood, Fan Chang preached to crowded they are taught to look up to the houses until God took him. teacher with greatest respect. Ladies, from the single, just out of college, The primitive work, thus begun, to the wife of the missionary, are gradually merged into organizations honored teachers in the Methodist of night; day and Sunday-schools, Church College of several hundred systematic work among women and young men in Fuchau, South China, children, Senior and Junior Christian and in our great Peking University Endeavor Societies and Circles of of 800 men, from the poor, middle, King's Daughters. In the Pres- gentry and official classes. From the byterian Mission alone, in San Fran- earliest days of missions until now we cisco, Oakland and Los Angeles, there women missionaries have had Chinese have been fourteen elders, n~arly all men as teachers in our struggle with of them converts of that one mission, the difficult language, just reversing and four ordained ministers, and one the situation in this country, and my of whom, Rev. Huie Kin, has been own teacher, a degree man-first as for years the very successful pastor teacher, then as aid in translationof the Chinese Mission of Fifth came to be as a member of our family. Avenue Presbyterian Church, now located on East Thirty-first Street, New The Eastern churches-and alas! York. the missionary boards-have fallen far short of their opportunity and duty The Presbyterians have done espe- to the Chinese among us, and what cially fine work, altho left chiefly to the Father of these people, Our self-support, the New York Mission Father, will say to us as to our neglect alone having received aid from the in that day of reckoning I know not. Presbyterian Foreign Board, and the The Presbyterians have supported the Presbytery of New York, while the work in New York, and it has been Methodists have had appropriations, wonderfully successful in its multitho meager, from their Mission Board. form departments, in its schools, Drs. Gibson and Masters, able men primary and higher, its Y. M. C. A., and cultured, and both former mis- its Sunday services, its well-equipped sionaries in China, were royally fitted chapel and its wide-open doors to all, for the work, which, under the from the homeless, to the Yale and Methodist Board, they conducted in Columbia students, who find a wel- San Francisco for sixteen years. come from Pastor Huie and his Women have had a large part in work charming and devoted wife. for the Chinese in all churches from the beginning, not only in the inter- This mission has grown, with its esting and wonderful rescue work for multiplied activities and delightful so- Chinese women and children, but also cial center, from a Sunday-school, to

CHRISTIAN WORK FOR CHINESE IN AMERICA

be a church, organized on December Chinese who were incurable, for 18, 19IO, by the Presbytery of New whom there was no refuge. He had York into the first Chinese Church of learned of Christ from a Christian New York City. woman; he knew he could not live, and his one desire was to tell of him Other Chinese Missions in the to others, and this desire became a East are chiefly Sunday-schools. burning passion. One day another Many have been the conversions, and man, like himself, far gone with conthose not converted return to their sumption, was brought in, and placed native land, carrying with them knowl- near his cot. He knew not of God, edge of God and His Son Jesus Christ, had never been to a Sunday-school, and are favorable to Christianity. but had heard of them, and despised those who forsook their own faith to A totally ignorant Chinaman was follow the foreigners. Then began a incurably ill in a hospital in this city. siege of telling and praying, the dis- One of the scholars, in a mission ciple plead night and day, to exhausschool, converted through his teacher, tion, with the Lord, for the saIvation went to see him and took him a of this soul, that must so soon pass Chinese Testament-the sick man out of life. Vain it seemed; the man, could read-and there, alone with suffering greatly, did not even want to God, a people of unknown tongue all hear, but the Christian never gave up; around him in the ward, he read the it seemed he could not die until he had Book, illuminated by his Heavenly won still another jewel for his Lord's Father, no other teacher. He drank crown, and his faith was honored, for in the Hok Ing (good tidings); he he was permitted to see the work done accepted it, as a starving child, un- gloriously, and the new-born! soul enquestioning-it fitted his need, fed his tered into rest, praising God with his famine-stricken soul. The sick Ameri- last breath. Then the disciple said, cans and others we please to call our "Lord, let now thy servant depart in race watched him with interest; no peace," and these two were separated one could speak to him in his own but a few hours. language, but his Father and ours (are we brethren, then?) understood. Going back, these weary heart- In great and increasing weakness, he aching years, over the cruel, wrong, would get out of bed, and spend uncounted, unnoted and unpunished hours on his knees night and day. crimes, I magnify the power of God's His companions looked on with awe grace, human endurance, and Chrisand reverence, as they saw his face tian forgiveness that there is a return changing, a joy, a light was on it, of any per cent. But, thank God! He until, as the end approached, it was has failed not to recognize and bless fairly illuminated. Taught of God, the loving efforts of His own; and saved by Christ, through the gift of while He alone can tabulate the full a Testament, by a Christian country- results of the untiring seed-sowing of man, who had been a pupil in a Sun- faithful men and women, chiefly in day-school, with a consecrated woman Sunday-schools, yet we do know as teacher, in this great city. Another enough of results that are cumulative lay on his death-bed in the little hos- and will go on to all eternity. pital we tried to establish here for

A REVIVAL AMONG THE NORWAY

BY REV. ANTON TARANGER Over fifty years ago (in 1858) a for them, and the next day all six fisherman was on the way to Fin- were saved. The converted men went marken. There was, at that time, a from boat to boat and held prayer- gracious revival in Troms6 through meetings. One evening an after- the labors of Lammers, a converted meeting was held in a cafe in which minister in the State Church. Some fifteen stout-hearted men knelt down of the converts went from Tromso and cried for mercy.

to Mehavn, one of the fishing-camps A fiddler tried to get up a dance in West Finmarken, and held a twice during Easter week, but was prayer-meeting on the top of a hill. unable to do so because everyone One young convert who was very went to the meetings.

earnest in praying and exhorting his One of the merchants told Pastor comrades to accept Christ was on the Nelson that he usually had sold about way farther north when his boat two hundred packs of playing-cards capsized. With two others he came to . during the holidays, but last spring the surface and clung to the boat; but he only sold two. At a meeting the while his companions were rescued, new converts prayed and gave their the converted man was drowned. testimonies that melted the stoniest When they saw him last, he was point- hearts. One old man who found ing his hand up toward heaven as if peace cried out: "Now I know why to say, "Meet me there." Fifty years the Lord spared my life in the storm later I baptized one of those men, in the Arctic Ocean when we drifted and the fishermen's prayers offered on about for two days. It was that I that hilltop were answered last winter. might come here and be saved."

Mehavn is now a large camp where The results of these meetings hav; thousands of fishermen gather every been good and lasting. The converts spring. Svend Foyen, the great carried the fire with them to their whaler of Norway, many years ago homes, and so it has spread far and built a meeting-house at Mehavn and wide. Pastor Nelson has received last spring pastor Oscar Nelson, of the calls to come and visit people in out- Baptist Church, TromsQ, rented the of-the-way places where no Baptist house for a month at Easter time. He work has been done. The people are held meetings every day and twice on inquiring for the ways of the Lord, Sundays. The interest increased, and and are becoming desirous of know- soon from 500 to 700 men gathered ing the truth as it is in Jesus Christ.

every night, the Spirit was poured out Traditions and ceremonies do not sat- upon them and a great revival began isfy them any longer.

in which about 200 strong men con- More men and money are needed fest their faith in Christ. in order to carryon a regular work There were many remarkable con- among the fishermen both in Lofaten versions. One young man, the first and Finmarken. The Baptists have convert on a boat, implored. his com- no meeting-houses at the camps, and rades not to mock him because he had the state church's houses are closed given his heart to Christ. He prayed to other than state preachers.

THE APOSTLE OF

BY REV. CHARLES ERNEST SCOTT, TSINGTAU SHANTUNG, CHINA Ding Lee May was born and lived ness. Many Christians were praying in a village of our field until he en- for him, and the Lord had made a tered the Mission College. He is of way of escape. Not far fromTsingtau the third generation of Christians, is an ancient city, to whose magistrate, who have made their clan-village in those troubled days, a German of- famed throughout the province of ficer thought best to pay his respects.

Shantung for early building their own It was "market day," and the city was brick church and calling their own packed with a crowd, sullen and in native pastor. Ding loved Christ dangerous mood. When the officer from his youth, and early decided to essayed to enter the massive portal enter the ministry. He became a piercing the walls-silent, but teem- member of one of the first theological ing with hostile men-the gates were classes that, before the establishment shut and barred in his face. With a of our Union Theological Seminary, sarcastic play on the words of Sav- had no certain abiding-place; but, like onarola to Lorenzo II Magnifico, he the pupils of the peripatetic Greek muttered fiercely : "You shall come, philosophers, wandered wherever their but I shall stay!" Then, to his sol- changing teachers were to be found. diers, "Fetch me that magistrate!"

At twenty-eight years of age Ding First, however, the soldiers fetched became a pastor-the dreadful Boxer dynamite and disgraced the city be- year but the storm had not yet burst. yond measure by blowing up the gate One day he found himself in the yard and tower. Then, to show their con- of the magistrate's yamen at the mercy tempt for Boxers and Boxer-sympa- of that official's henchmen. Skilfully thizing cities, a handful of these Ger- they dealt out their doses of torture mans chose to enter the city, not to him. Heavy bludgeons beat his through the big jagged hole they had· Besh to jelly; long, Bat, saw-edged made, but to scale those grim, sheer bamboo staves hissed through the air. walls. In the face of the amazed on- At the 500 count, when the victim had lookers, using long poles from a near- passed the writhing and groaning by dyer's shop, with wonderful ability stage, "and death was imminent, the and close team work, and clinging to obstinate follower of Jesus-"devil of each other and the cracks like Be- the second degree," the missionary douin guides to the stones of the pyra- alone being of "the first"-was re- mids, they mounted to the top. They manded to prison, a hole so foul and jammed and fought their way to the loathsome that Americans can imagine Yamen, seized the disguised and crest- such a place. With returning con- fallen magistrate, and dragged him sciousness Ding like Paul in prison, out to the officer, who received him on preached the love of Christ to fellow horseback-another bitter humiliation.

sufferers. As the wretched official knocked his A few days later the process of tor~ head on the ground, the officer ture was to be completed. But God thundered, "Next time a gentleman had foreordained to save this young wants to call on you, don't forget!"

"witness-bearer" for a larger useful- From that day forth no magistrate

within reach of German rifles in East- logical Seminary and training schools.

ern Shantung had much taste for tor- Here, not only were the students turing native Christian leaders. stirred to extraordinary preaching and Since then Ding has been pastor of heretofore undreamed-of witness-bear- a local, self-supporting church in ing; not only were the older believers, Tsingtau, and of a group of self-sup- men and women, from the city and porting churches in another part of surrounding country, roused to renew our field. Last year at the Presbytery their grip on the blest God, but a great meeting he was, by common consent, company of unbelievers-some 300, released from the pastorate to enter even including officials of that proud, upon an evangelistic career, which is old city of the Ming dynasty-became God's manifest leading for him. new creatures in Christ.

Already the Holy Spirit has used In every place visited, whether the Pastor Ding in a remarkable manner. great centers or small villages, the This spring he went to Weihsien, Christians have been mightily moved where is located our great Union to newness of life during his process Christian College. Report had it that of the province. "Judgment must be- for several years no student had de- gin at the house of God." A quicken- cided for the ministry. Even more ing among the chosen, he believes, is discouraging-that the influx of the the prelude of the heathen turning to sons of rich heathen, seeking English the Lord on a vast scale, as in Korea.

for money-making purposes had At I Chou Fu, under Pastor Ding's quite wet-blanketed the religious life leadership, 1,398 inquirers are en- of the institution, God so planned it rolled among them, members of a that the foreign missionary pastors wealthy and haughty gentry.

were away in the country. Pastor "God chose the weak things of the Ding went quietly to work. Soon world that He might put to shame the students were praying in little groups things that are strong." In this par- all over the campus. One by one ticular case, the "weak thing" that the men smitten of the Holy Spirit began Lord used to mark the turning-point to volunteer for the Christian min- in Pastor Ding's career, and seal him istry. As the numbers rolled up, ap- in a sublime faith, was a humble prehension was mainfested by some "Women's Bible School," begun on of the college authorities. . But Pas- faith, without any money, by Miss tor Ding smilingly assured them that Vaughan, Pastor Ding and Elder none need fear to see God glorified. Tsiao. Burdened with a realization In a few days 116 men, the flower of of the unspeakable wretchedness and the classes, including a young and the appalling lack of provision for giv- gifted Chinese professor, had re- ing the married Chinese women even nounced their earthly ambitions and a reading knowledge of the Bible, this decided for the ministry. When asked consecrated trio opened the only Bible as to his methods, Pastor Ding simply school for married Chinese women replied, "I have no method but that is financed and operated by the prayer!" Chinese Christians. At first, unbe- From Weihsien he went to Tsing- lieving workers Scoffed at the idea and chou fu, the center of the Union Theo- tried to laugh it down. But Pastor

BRIEFS

Ding and his prayer supporters per– ,has been sought for by other fields.

severed. The school has prospered The missionaries of Central China from its inception, and last winter kept him busy during the summer and graduated its first class of three capa- he went to Manchuria at the invitable wives, who creditably completed tion of the Scotch and Irish Presbythe three years' course, and at last this terian Missions. Through it all, he station has trained efficient Bible remains the same modest, quiet, humwomen-all without a cent of expense ble gentleman. His demeanor and to the mission. the atmosphere that he creates is such as one might imagine to have ~een It can now hardly be said of Pastor characteristic of the Apostle John, or Ding that he is "a prophet without of Browning's resurrected Lazarus. honor in his own country." The story of his life has been carried to A letter just received from Pastor foreign lands. In the spring of 1907 Ding reports that in one section where he was a delegate to the W orId's he went in Manchuria, in the vicinity Christian Student Federation Con- of Liao Yang, 200 men decided for ference at Tokyo. Later in that Christ; in hard-hearted, Christian-peryear he was one of the secre- secuting Pao Ting Fu, capital of taries for the Pan-China Presbyterian Chile province, 470 decided; at Peking Union which met at Shanghai, and an University, 300 students received that honored guest at the Centenary Con- great blessing; at Tung Chon Union ference. During the fall, the federa- College, 110. At both institutions tion of seven different missions in many of these students decided to give Shantung, assembled at Tsinanfu, the themselves wholly to God in the mincapital, elected him their president. istry, renouncing their ambitions of In 1909 he was a delegate to the high salaries in government employ.

National Christian Endeavor Conven- At the medical school, Tungchou, 22 tion at Nanking, where he proved to students decided to be "not merely be one of the most helpful speakers. healers of the body, but physicians of Altho he was made pastor-at- the soul to every reachable person."

large for Shantung, a province with "In all places visited," the letter runs, some forty million people-one-half "a great number of men repented the population of United States-he with no ordinary repentance."- MISSIONARY BRIEFS The Founder of Christianity urged redemption of the world. If the field His people to pray for a particular ob- of Christ and the field of the Church ject. "The harvest truly is plenteous, is the world, so the field of every man but the laborers are few. Pray ye with the love of God in his heart is therefore the Lord of the Harvest, the world.-J. CAMPBELL WHITE. that he will send forth laborers into his harvest." Oh! isn't it strange, If believers should sit down in ease that the only special subject of prayer and appropriate all spiritual blessings that He named, as far as I can recol- to themselves and their own friends lect, at least, is so seldom heard in immediately around them, must they our pulpits?-J. A. BROADUS. not be condemned as guilty of a dis- honest attempt to embezzle the treas- The goal of human history is the ures of His grace?-ALEXANDER DUFF.

INVESTMENT WORTH

BLANCHE WILSON STEAD Kermanshah is a city of some 45,- of many tribes and maintaining a 000 inhabitants situated on the cara- semi-independent tribal government. van road from Bagdad to all parts Many of the tribes live largely by of Persia. Its importance as a com- robbery and blackmail, and by keepmercial center is attested by the fact ing large flocks of sheep and goats, that Great Britain, Russia and Turkey which they take to the mountains in maintain consulates, the Imperial summer and to the Arabian plains in Bank a branch, the Russian Bank an winter. Tho freebooters and unciviagent and the Government a custom- lized, they make the most substantial house there. sort of Christians when the Word takes hold of them. No one is work· It is probably the most cosmopoli- ing for these people, and Kermanshah tan city in Persia. Persians, Turks, is the most convenient point from Arabs, Jews, Chaldeans, Armenians, which to make an attack upon them. Kurds and Loors meet in the bazaars. Kermanshah is the converging point Suni and Shiah Moslems are about of the roads leading from all over equally divided, and are mixed with Persia, Eastern Turkey, the Cauall sorts of unorthodox sects. The casus, Southern Russia, Chinese Bahai movement has made vast in- Turkestan, Afghanistan and Beluchisroads among both Mohammedans and tan to the great Shiah Moslem shrine Jews. The introduction of Chris- at Kerbella, where the Imam Husein tianity is finding comparat~vely little is buried. A constant stream of pilopposition except from a few fanatics grims, aggregating tens of thousands seeking notoriety. every year passing through the city, find a night's lodging in the cara- Many of the villages in the neigh- vansaries. Not only here can they borhood of Kermanshah are made up be touched by a mission havi.ng headlargely of unorthodox sects, such as quarters in Kermanshah, but native the Ali Illahis, Danvidis, Mosairis agents can be maintained in six or and such, who do not practise the more villages within easy reach of the precepts of the Koran and are not city through which they must pass. bound by the formalities of the Mos- There never was a greater opporlem worship. Most of these profess tunity than right here. to believe that there is good in all religions, and are therefore willing to It is in this strategic center that the give the Gospel a hearing. Here, then, Presbyterian Board of Foreign Misis an open door, an entering wedge, sions proposes opening a new station. a breach in that solid wall of Moham- Churches especially interested in the medanism that for all these centuries two missionaries who have been exhas frightened the Church and ploiting the place for the last two smothered her faith in the possibility years have increased their gifts sufof "the evangelization of the world in ficiently to provide for the current exthis generation." penses of the new station, but for the purpose of putting in necessary build- Kermanshah is situated just be- ings the sum of $4,000 is needed at tween the two great tribal nations, once. the Kurds and Loors, both of which are free mountain peoples, made up

A SURVEY OF MISSIONS IN CHINA 1907.1910*

BY REV. ARTHUR H. SMITH, D.D.

If any "Old China hand" had been point of view he was a liberal and an told beforehand that the Emperor enlightened statesman who had served and the Empress-Dowager would die as a rudder to the junk of state for within twenty-four hours of each many decades. From another he was a venerable fossil partly but quite other, yet that the succession would superficially covered with thin precipibe quietly arranged with no suggestion tates of "modernism," and these were of outward discontent, he would have always at inconvenient times scaling smiled a knowing smile and would off and showing the interesting figure have outlined a much more probable of a Confucian doctrinaire with "his line of events, but he would have been feet in the Sung dynasty and his head quite astray. It is no novelty in China in the clouds." If China had the supto have long minorities in the palace, ply of able men which might be exand the past hundred years has had pected, the loss of Chang Chih-tung fully its share. Yet in this instance might not have been felt, but as it is the selection both of a new Emperor he removed one of the not too- nuand a Regent seemed so clearly the merous balance-wheels from the state best possible that after it became ob- machinery. . . . vious that there was to be no uprising or popular clamor, we seemed indeed The Constitutional Government to be entering upon a lagoon of peace, such as China had not known for more The opening decade of the twen- s than a century. A year and a half of tieth century has been marked in the rule of the Prince Regent, how- China by one of the most singular ever, made it obvious that far too phenomena in history-the relatively much had been expected from his rapid rise to self-consciousness and to good intentions, and that his qualifica- world-consciousness of the Chinese tions for the difficult task laid upon people as a whole. It has long been him were extremely inadequate. The recognized that the Chinese have alsudden and curt dismissal of Yuan ways been in many of their social Shih-k'ai opened a new window into habits essentially democratic; the the central machinery of the Chinese theoretically absolute rule resting Government and made it plain that (theoretically) upon popular appropersonal considerations overtop the bation. But this approbation has alinterests of the state, as has so often ways been comparatively inarticulate. altho by no means uniformly been What were the real motives that led the case through the long course of the late Grand Dowager-Empress to Chinese history. Before the year give her cordial approval to the introclosed the abrupt ejection of the capa- duction of a "Constitution" in China ble Manchu Governor-General. Tuan we have no means of knowing, but Fang, furnished another significant whatever they may have been the step object-lesson of the inherent weak- was one of far-reaching importance, ness of China. At a time when the em- certainly for China and perhaps for pire needs the services in some capac- the world. It is evident that but a ity of every able man available, not microscopic fraction of the people of .merely these two but many others of China have any idea at all what is less importance are shelved, not be- connoted by the word "constitution" cause they are not needed, but be- now so incessantly on the lips of talkcause they are not wanted. ers and the pens of writers, but they look forward to its introduction as The death of the aged and highly- the opening- of a golden era, instead honored Chang Chih-tung removed of an embarkation on "the stormfrom the stage a conspicuous figure to tossed sea of liberty." By what whom it is probably impossible for processes are these innumerable milforeigners to do justice. From one *Condensed from the China Mission Year Book, Shanghai.

lions to learn the meaning of that and the resolution to prevent them mighty and mystic term, to dis- from returning to the towns, the tinguish between liberty and license, cities, and the provinces where they to be schooled in that self-restraint were born, but which they have diswhich involves cooperation, the sub- graced in the estimation of their felordination of the present to the future, lows. Liable to abuse as this sentiand especially that of the individual to ment no doubt is, it yet shows a wholethe community? some interest in the general welfare hitherto quite unknown. The provincial assemblies which met on the I4th of last October constituted Government Problems the initial step in this great experiment, which is of interest and of more There has been an agelong struggle or less importance to all China's con- in China between the right of the temporaries. Those who had the Central Government to govern and the opportunity of witnessing this begin- right of the various provinces to govning were struck with the dignity and ern themselves. There is no question the poise of the newly chosen dele- that certain provinces-notably Hugates, imperfectly informed as they nan-stand upon special footing, due were of the ends in view, of the means in part to their history, which has led by which they were to be obtained, and to certain prescriptive privileges and of the methods of governing the immunities, and in part to the temper bristling obstacles which already begin of their people. Discrimination of this to appear. It seems certain that as sort is thoroughly consonant with the soon as they find themselves, these as- Chinese theory and practise of govsemblies will begin to inquire why the ernment. But when the provinces people are so heavily taxed, and what omit or even refuse to remit taxes to the court, when the gentry take upon becomes of the vast sums which are themselves to decide what loans shall now so lightly wrested from them. or shall not be made by the Govern- The next step will be an impeachment ment, and when they insist upon the of the inordinately large number of right to build their own railways, as thoroughly inefficient officials against well as to manage them when built, whom there has hitherto been practi- we seem to have our modern civilizacally no redress. When that day tion confronted with the feudalism comes district magistrates will be which preceded the Emperor Ch'in obliged to give prompt attention to Shih-huang. suits-at-law, to decide with some measure of fairness, and the rudi- From the point of view of science, ments of a writ of habeas corpus act of political economy and of sound will emerge, preventing the indis- finance there can be no question as to criminate detention of both guilty and how the struggle must end, but the innocent for months and years until pitiful weakness of the Government in all track of the original case has been Peking tends to yield on vital points lost to the public. Whether the re- and to temporize where a prompt and formed code of Chinese law which is definite assertion of ultimate authority promised at an early day is to take would appear imperative. What will cognizance of matters like these, no happen when the national parliament one seems able as yet to say with so greatly thirsted after really meets certainty, but whether it does or does can not be foreseen, but sooner or later a process of disillusionment must be not, the old tyrannies and disregard of looked for. Then may perhaps occur individual right are doomed. the fulfillment of a prophecy of one of the Taotais who accompanied H. E. Among the exhibitions of the new Tuan Fang around the world five spirit in China is the frequent outcry years since: "No nation ever yet got against Chinese officials who have its liberties without shedding much rendered themselves unpopular, especially by "truCkling to foreigners,"

A SURVEY OF MISSIONS IN

blood, and China will be no excep- ing respect for militarism as an essen- tion." In the meantime popular pres- tial condition of the security of China, sure everywhere curtails and eventu- a change in sentiment so great as to ally extinguishes all foreign "conces- be itself a revolution. . . .

sions" which can be secured. By this The body known as the Censorate, kind of combined pressure the Peking which has served an important func- Syndicate was bought off from tion in China in calling attention to fla- Shansi, and the capable official who grant wrongs in high places, but engineered the negotiations was the which has at times-if not invaribly- most popular man of the day, and is been regarded as a kind of authorized now the efficient governor of that blackmail department of the govern- province. The general unrest through- ment, has recently displayed remark- out China during the past year has able activity, but few know what the been greatly stimulated by the wide- phenomena really connote. The ten- spread report (from some unknown ure of office seems to grow shorter, source) that China is again on the and a governor or governor-general point of being "carved up like a is often hardly seated before he is melon." The repeated attempts on transferred elsewhere. There is no the life of the Prince Regent show that continuity either of personnel or of the evil spirit which entered China in plan; each incumbent adjusting his a foreign guise just before the Consti- acts to his own ideas and ideals. The tutional Commission left Peking late people are so accustomed to this shuf- in 1905 is still an unwelcome and sin- fling that it causes no surprize, but ister guest in the Chinese Empire, the aggregate effect is an almost uni- whose departure may perhaps be long versal paralysis of anything like real delayed. progress. . . .

The military riots of the last winter The Railways and Waterwaya were a grave symtolTI that the best- trained troops may not improbably That the railways, such as the Pek- prove a Source of fatal weakness in ing-Hankow line, taken over from the the hour of direst need. It is not the Belgians, are grossly mismanaged, is army, but the spirit behind the army to be assumed, but this is part of the that counts, and this remains more or general scheme of things, and may be less of an enigma. The recent explo- righted in the coming Celestial millen- sion at the capital of Hunan is an im- nium. But even so railways are a pressive demonstration how thin is the source of unimagined and hitherto un- shell which separates us from volcanic imaginable wealth. Their economic fires which for aught that we know effects are as yet but dimly discernible rage widely, but until this ominous oc- as relates to the country as a whole, currence has been thoroughly investi- not having been as yet studied intelli- gated it is vein to dogmatize it. An gently. It is reported in Russian exception to the constitutional weak- journals that the Trans-Siberian line, ness of the Central Government ap- which was to have been the means for pears to exist in its firmness in deal- the subjugation by Russia of Man- ing with the spectacular and peripa- churia, is maintained at vast expense tetic divinity known as the Dalai by that empire, with the result that Lama, who was enticed to Peking, perhaps half a million of Chinese are flattered (and snubbed) while there, annually poured into the Hei-Iung- ostenstatiously honored, sent on his chiang province, the total emigration way, reproved, exhorted, and suddenly being said to be already between three degraded. China seems bent upon and four millions.

making herself felt in Tibet as never Extensive parts of China are greatly before, but in this as in all Chinese overpopulated, notably the ancient affairs "prophecy is a lost art." But province of Shantung, whose people there is evidently a great and a grow- might advantageously be transplanted

to the great regions now opened up a decade more or less before the beyond the Great Wall. A constant ancient foe of China (which might be stream of trekking of this sort is in- converted into its staunch friend)-the deed kept up, but it should be assisted Yellow River-will once more break by the provincial and the general gov- away by reason of the silting up of its ernments, and should be conducted bed, and we shall have a repetition of regularly and permanently. For this the scenes of 1887-88, with wails about the high officials tell us no funds the will of heaven and the helplessness are forthcoming (tho they appear to of man against fate. . . .

be found for numerous objects of far Opium Traffic and Social Reform less importance), but the real difficulty is lack of statesmanship and initiative Nothing has so showed the temper and an indifference to the condition of of the new China as her treatment of the people. The ravages of the great the opium refonn, to which a few sen- famine of thirty-two years ago have tences must be devoted. It is im- been fully made up; nothing but emi- portant to remember that the avowed gration can, from the economic point object is to "make China strong."

of view, save Shantung, but so far as Five years ago it was something of a we know no Chinese official has even risk to assume that the Chinese Gov- considered the matter. ernment was in earnest. This is now Coincident with the extension of the everywhere admitted by those whose railway system of China, her water- opinion is of any value. The great ways of great antiquity and of price- opium conference in Shanghai in I909 less value, are going to ruin. The may be said to have focused the senti- lower reaches of the Peiho, on which ment of the world against this deadly Tientsin is built, have been straight- drug, and seems to have been the ened and dreqged by successful skill, .means of a slow but definite change but all this is the work of foreigners. of view among the journals of the the Paotingfu River, the Hsiahsiho, Far East, many of which had main- the Hunho, are all absolutely neg- tained an attitude of invincible skep- lected and a source of peril to the ticism as to the real intentions of whole country about, when they might China. She has proved ready to sac- be deepened and regulated so as to be rifice between one hundred and one a perennial blessing. The Peiho,· hundred and fifty million tae1s of reve- which a decade ago bore the tribute- nue, which is the highest proof of her rice to the capital, is now either dried intentions. That the poppy plant is no up or in its old habitat (having run longer grown in several of the prov- off somewhere in default of anything inces which most largely produced it, to do), or it is a raging torrent inun- seems to be matter of trustworthy dating whole countries. A year ago testimony. That many opium-smokers hundreds of boatmen were stranded have been induced to leave off at T'ungchou unable to get anywhere. smoking, and that some have died in Yet this is within an hour's ride of the the attempt, is also well known. The Imperial Palace! The Grand Canal, drug has enormously increased in throughout a large part of its north- price, and it can no longer be afforded ern course, is a vulnerable and a mel- by the poor. Great quantities of mor- ancholy ruin. In northern Kiangsu phia have found their way into China, the choking of its channels for drain- a substitute much worse than the orig- age to the sea directly caused the inal. Against this it is difficult effect- floods which ended in the terrible ively to guard.

famine of I906-7. Yet nothing is None of these facts, nor all of them anywhere undertaken, or if work is combined, prove that China has given begun, it is isolated, sporadic, and up opium, or that she will do so. That fruitless. According to the best for- is a matter which of necessity must eign opinion it can be but a matter of require at least another decade or two

A SURVEY OF MISSIONS IN CHINA

after all growth or visible importation National Education ceases. China is full of buried opium It is greatly to be regretted that one totally beyond the reach of assessors is unable to detect any signs of im- or inquisitors, sufficient to furnish a provement in the administration of the moderate supply for a long time to national system of education. As a come. There may, for aught that ap- whole, it appears to be unsystematized, pears, be a steady leakage from Persia, uncoordinated, expensive, arid ineffi- etc., through Central Asia. And in cient. In the eighteen provinces there any case the problem is so vast that it are thought to be about 350 foreigners can no more be undertaken offhand employed in Chinese schools, of whom and achieved like the building of the perhaps six-sevenths are Japanese.

Great Wall under the Ch'in Emperor There is, as there has been from the than can any other reform which is as outset, a great dearth of competent much a moral as an economic question. te'achers, and especially of those That China will be successful in the trained for their work and interested end we have faith to believe, but it is in it. The adoption of the Western a distant goal and will require strong Sunday as a school holiday, so widely and steady efforts. When we remem- hailed as a bright sign of promise, has ber that the Chinese were once a na- probably proved an almost unmixed tion of heavy drinkers, and completely evil in periodically removing pupils threw off that vice, we can see the from all restraint at an age and under moral stamina funded in the Chinese conditions requiring very differennt people. To all friends of China it is treatment.

(or ought to be) a matter of regret The Shansi Provincial College, un- that just as the country is struggling der the care of Dr. Timothy Richard, to free itself from the Opium Lao- stands in a class by itself, but at the coon, a great syndicate should appear impending expiration of the ten-year upon the scene flooding every province period no one can predict under what with its insidious (and often hideous) influences it may fall. Exceptional posters, striving to fix upon the Chi- likewise is the Tientsin University, nese the cigaret habit. founded by Dr. Tenney, which has a The general introduction of foreign large foreign staff. The Provincial liquors also can not prove other than College at Paotingfu has been for an injury to the physical constitution more than a year and a half under the of the Chinese and the morale of presidency of Mr. Fei Chi'i-hao, a China. . . . Christian graduate of Oberlin and of Rumor.s regarding numerous social Yale. Dr. Ferguson, of Shanghai, has well pointed out one of the fatal weakreforms which are supposed to be]ust nesses of government. institutions in below the dip of the horizon continue China in their divided control. "Every to abound, and some of them may be school is in the hands of four sets of not far off. Among them are the abo- managers: the Board of Education, lition of the eunuch system, the dis- which may include the central board continuance of girl slavery, permis- and a local board, the directors of the sion for the removal of the queue, and special school, the faculty, and the the like. The Occidental bow has students. The latter by playing off been recognized as a useful compro- against one or both of the other two, mise between the varying Chinese and are in almost every case able to decide Manchu salutations in Peking. Hand- the policy of the school, and are al- shaking between Chinese and foreign- most always able to procure the disers has made great advance, and the missal of a teacher, foreign or native, increasing opportunities of meeting to whom they may have taken a dis- gentry and officials afford numerous like. Such schools may hardly be said valuable opportunities for mutual ad- to pursue an enlightened and contin- justments. uous policy for two consecutive years."

CompUlsory education which the gov- Chanll'es in Peking ernment has announced as a policy for The city of Peking is rapidly be- both boys and girls, remains, and coming transformed into a strange seems likely long to remain an un- blend of the East and the West ac- meaning phrase. ceptable to neither. Hundreds of new In the Chihli province, where educa- buildings have been put up; many of tion is held to be most advanced, pri- them covered with inartistic roofs of mary schools seem, outside of large galvanized iron, representing the pro- centers, to be either altogether non- vision for public offices of all sorts, existent, or else simply of the old type, schools and colleges, etc. The streets but with less coherency and with a of the city are all macadamized, but laxer discipline. Like all other the work is so ill done that half boards, the Board of Education issues of them are at any given date en- with intermittent sequence a bewilder- tirely out of repair, altho an imperial ing number of "Regulations"; among funeral has an ameliorating effect.

them some prescribing modest and in- The opening of the Peking Water- expensive dress for girls and (so it is works is an obvious and an important reported) unbound feet. The anti- improvement. No reform in China foot-binding enterprise, which seems comes so near to the interests and so stationary, is probably quietly making appeals to the sympathies of foreigners some headway, and altho the ag- as that of the postal department. In gregate number thus far affected is 1906, 113 million articles were han- certainly a fraction too insignificant to dled, which increased to 168 millions be taken into numerical account, the in 1907, to 252 millions in 1908, and to movement is well established, and ap- 306 millions in 1909; while the parcels pears to be thus far the only Western rose from 1,363,000 in 1906, to 3,280,- reform thoroughly naturalized in 000 in 1909. China is now fairly well China. covered with offices and agencies, but The number of Chinese students in the old expensive and useless courier Japan has greatly lessened, while the service still holds on, and China is quality has decidedly improved. Per- not yet ready to join the Postal haps the most expensive "educational Union.

system" of modern times is that by Protestant Missions which young Manchu princes (and It will probably be more clearly rec- other youth) are constantly sent ognized in future years than it now abroad with a large suite to "study" is that the Continental-Conference this and that, returning from their marked the close of one stage of junketing tours with a well established Protestant missions in China and the zest for more education of the same definite opening of another, of which description. Mention should be made the keynotes are efficiency and cooperof the evolutio nunder our very eyes, ation. These high ideals can not be of a new Chinese language, largely suddenly achieved, but it is much that, "made in Japan," the acquirement of now more than ever before, they are which is essential to anyone wishing regarded as ends in view. The Evanto keep in touch with the new China. gelistic Committee of the Conference The publication two years ago in was naturally merged into an Evan- Shanghai of an English-Chinese dictionary in two huge volumes, was in gelistic Association whose meetings itself an important educational event. and pUblications serve the useful pur- A Bureau of Terminology (Ming- pose of comparing methods, promottz'u-kuan) has been opened in the ing effectiveness, and of directing at- Board of Education, to which Dr. Yen tention to the fact that, to whatever Fu, perhaps the most competent schol- extent other forms of activity may be wisely and successfully prosecuted, the ultimate purpose is, and ought to ar in China, was called. be, evangelistic.

The Executive Committee of the aroused large numbers of business Conference Education Committee men in the various branches of the (after long and unavoidable delay in Church to a sense of responsibility reorganization) got into touch with for work both at home and abroad. the Board of Education in Peking with a view to opening the way for adjust- The surpnzmg financial results ing the curricula of mission schools to have at times been accompanied and that of government schools. It was followed by wonderful spiritual awathe opinion of the vice-president of kening. The great bequests of Mr. the board, however, that the curri- Kennedy have set a new pace for cula of the government schools are Christian liberality and statesmanship. not yet sufficiently fixt to make this As yet the increase in the number of assimilation desirable. This intelli- new workers is wholly out of proporgent and friendly official (Mr. Yen tion to the actual and promised expan- Hsiu) himself soon after left the sion of resources, but this will not board, and further progress is for last. Single missions, notably the the present blocked. Canadian Methodist and the Canadian Presbyterian, have received large ac- Cooperation and Union cessions, while the China Inland Mis- sion continues to hold its leading A still more strongly marked trend position. Several numerically small is toward the federation of different missions have just entered upon work branches of the same general church in China, and there has been an unorder. It must be the task of the usual number of those who are classed future to coordinate these centripetal as "unconnected." and centrifugal tendencies into a common system. In this connection may The most important feature of the be mentioned the greatly increased in- triennium has unquestionably been the terest on the part of the leading home gnat religious awakening in the boards in the actual working of their churches and schools in many provmissions abroad. Never before were inces wholly unrelated to one another. there so many deputations of inspec- The rise of a class of Christian worktion, investigation, and reorganization as now, never such careful and ers expert in the Scriptures and filled intelligent inquiry into the causes of with the Spirit of God, is the highest past failures and diagnosis of symp- hope and the best prophesy of the toms of present weakness. Instances Christian church in China. The deof educational and other union are cision of large numbers of young men becoming so numerous that few can in different colleges to revise and to keep track of them all. Both in divi- reverse their ambitious life-plans and sion of the field and in practical educational cooperation West China to give themselves to aggressive seems to be far in advance of any- Christian work for their own people thing elsewhere to be found, and dis- is the most encouraging sign of promtant Szch'uan literally leads the ise since the stedfastness of so many empire. Western scholars and phi- Christians in the midst of the bitter lanthropists have canvassed many trials of the Boxer period. In so vast schemes offering help to China in edu- an empire as that of China perhaps cational and other lines, but as yet, no one is competent to summarize the most of them being in the chrysalis conditions and the phenomena of the stage and not having yet done either complex church life; certainly not the good or evil, are scarcely subjects for writer of these notes. There is, on more than an expression of sympa- the one hand, general testimony that thetic interest. the opportunities of reaching the people were never so good, and that The Laymen's Missionary Move- audiences were never so easily atment in America has for the first time tracted and held. On the other hand, the anti-foreign wave which has sub- merged China has frequently excited

vigorous and united opposition and have perhaps done more to influence persecution, reminding one of pre- the educated mind of China in favor Boxer times. of Christianity than any other agency. It may be safely said that there is a The Chinese Church large and growing class of China's scholars who are intellectually con- In some instances the Chinese vinced that China has some pressing church seems to be taking the lead in needs, such as a new navy, a new aggressive work in a gratifying way, religion, etc., and they are inquiring but everywhere workers are too few with interest which type is in each and the number of ordained Chinese case the best. This is an immense adpastors is pitifully small. Self-support vance upon the old days of ignorant is apparently making progress, tho at insolence, or studied contempt. . a far slower rate than could be desired or perhaps expected. The universal The expansion of the Y. M. C. A., political unrest, aggravated by timely since the conference has been phenomand untimely comets, can only be un- enal. It rapidly outgrows all its favorable to the best church life and appliances, and is wonderfully sucgrowth. The movement for an "in- cessful in eliciting sympathetic aid dependent native church" while in from sources never before available evidence in a few large centers does for Christian purposes. The work not seem as yet to have made notable under its auspices for students in headway. The religious as well as Japan is one of the finest and most social awakening among some of the fruitful examples of what Dr. Young native tribes in southwestern China may be considered as one of the most J. Allen was wont to term "organic interesting phenomena of the time, deserving careful study, for the effects work for China." are likely to be of great importance. One Hundred Years of Missions Literature and Bible Distribution It is now 103 years since a solitary Each of the three Bible Societies Englishman landed at Canton filled reports unprecedented sales. The with faith and fired with zeal for the American Bible Society has recently task of imparting new spiritual life been the recipient of large gifts ensur- to an empire of an ancient and a lofty ing important expansion. Revision of civilization. England would not own the former translations of the Old him; the East India Company tabooed Testament into the classical and the him; China would not receive him. Mandarin languages has made delib- Some of the far-reaching results of erate but steady progress. An ex- the labors of that unwelcome immicellent concordance of the revised grant and of his many successors Mandarin version has enricbed the were celebrated in 1907; many others, library for Bible study. In the matter because they are unknown, will never of unifying Christian periodical liter- be celebrated at all. The opening and ature the advice of the conference has the awakening of China are not unbeen by no means followed, but the reasonably thought by some to be the circulation of the most important most important world events since journals has been materially increased. Columbus discovered America. In The Tract Societies, aided by the in- contributing to these great results no dispensable grants from home lands, agencies have been so potent as those have been diligently at work, and the which have accompanied the introduccombined product is larger and prob- tion of Christianity, but as yet its real ably better than ever before, leaving influence has only begun. no doubt large room for improvement. The Christian Literature Society has Largest and most fruitful of the occupied new quarters much needed many tasks before the Christian and long awaited. Its publications Church of the twentieth century is to be the uplift and the regeneration of China.

EDITORIALS

A WORLD CONFERENCE ON FAITH The general spirit which pervades AND ORDER the Church of Christ is shown by the Christianity has nothing to fear but fact that at the same time, the Amerieverything to gain from publicity as can Board, which was holding its to its doctrines and practises, and triennial session in Boston, passed a Christians should have nothing to resolution in favor of the sentiments fear but much to hope for from a full for unity exprest in the Lambeth and frank discussion of differences in Conferences of Bishops in 1908 and doctrine and methods of organization, put on record its appreciation of the work and worship. It is too much to spirit in which proposals were made expect, and perhaps is undesirable, that for Union Conferences and exprest any uniformity of methods and belief a hope for closer union. A special in non-essentials should be reached by committee of five were appointed, with various branches of the Christian Rev. Dr. Newman Smyth of New Church since God has given diversities Haven as chairman to consider any of gifts, peculiarities of temperament overtures that might come from the Lambeth Conference. and differences of viewpoint in the emphasis on articles of faith. But May not the Church of the future there are many unnecessary divisions manifest a unity of spirit and purpose, and discussions, and advance in Spirit- preserving all that is best in the truth ual unity among Christians is essen- upheld by various denominations and tial to Christian progress. For this at the same time permitting ·individual reason the suggestion made by Bishop differences as to non-essentials.

Charles H. Brent at the General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal THE CONFERENCE OF FOREIGN MIS- SION BOARDS Church is worthy of serious attention.

"Why not have a conference for the This Annual Conference has come whole of Christendom on Faith and to be a recognized factor in promoting Order?" Difficult it might be, and unity and progress in the work of even dangerous to the present grow- Foreign Missions as conducted by the ing spirit of harmony, but why should missionary societies of the United not Christians, if they are Christians, States and Canada.

discuss these topics in a spirit of The members of the conference are humility and love? Why should they executive officers of the denomina- fear to face each other-not in con- tional and inter-denominational boards flict, but in conference-and frankly and members elected by the societies speak their convictions and be ready in proportion to the amount of their to learn? income. In the past eighteen years As a result of Bishop Brent's sug- much advance has been made in gestions a resolution was passed to Christian sympathy and fellowship, in appoint a joint commission of seven plans for cooperation and a systematic bishops, seven presbyters and seven study of the science of missions. At laymen to take under advisement the the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the promotion of a World Conference of Conference, which was held in the all Christian bodies to consider ques- Presbyterian Building, New York, tions pertaining to faith and order some important topics were discust- in the Church of Christ. The com- among them the questions of the mittee was appointed and their report spiritual care of Anglo-American com- was unanimously adopted. This re- munities in foreign lands, the spiritual port recommended the appointment of needs of South America, a unified a joint commission to bring about plan of missionary education and such a conference. Bishop Anderson giving, cooperation in the use of ef- was appointed president of the com- fective literature, the selection of mission, and a lay member gave $100,- candidates for the foreign field and 000 toward its expenses. Christian education in China. A con-

stitution was adopted and a committee dered to a sick or injured mission- ary of another board. (2) That was authorized to arrange for the where one board maintains medical work and another does not, a definite publication of a popular .undenom- arrangement in regard to compensainational missionary magazine if the tion should be made between the two boards. necessary funds could be obtained. It A committee of nineteen was also is not yet decided what relation, if any, appointed to consider whether or not this will have to the future of THE a Board of Missionary Studies should MISSIONARY REVIEW. There is need be created in North America. This for two magazines, one a popular, committee was appointed with power and the other a scientific missionary -consisting of Dr. W. Douglas Macperiodical. The former should be kenzie, Prof.Charles R. Erdman, Dr. published at a popular price, the latter T. H. P. Sailer, Mr. F. P. Turner, should be adequately designed to dis- Prof. Harlan P. Beach, Dr. F. P. cuss questions of especial interest to Haggard and Principal Gandier of missionary experts. Both need strong Toronto.

financial backing at the beginning. The Conference affirmed their con- THE REVIEW has sought, in the face victions "that the evangelization of of severe financial limitations, to meet Latin America is a part of the world the double need, but the time has misionary task which the Christian come for a division of the labor and Church dare not neglect and that there a new plan of procedure. should be a much more adequate sup- port of missions to Latin American Some of the valuable papers read peoples. at the conference, notably those by Dr. R:obert E. Speer on "The Case The plan for the establishment of of Latin America," and by Dr. Charles an International Missionary Commit- R. Watson on "The Mohammedan tee, which shall deal with all questions Problem," will appear later in THE of international and general questions REVIEW. of interest and importance, was ap- proved and it is earnestly hoped that The next meeting of the Confer- the Continuation Committee of the Edinburgh Conference will take steps ence is to be held in January, 1912, for the establishment of such a board. at some place outside of New York City, in order that the sessions may PREJUDICE AND FALSEHOOD ON be more uninterrupted. MISSIONS Among the important topics discust was the relation of the boards to Statements made by Sir Hiram the inter-denominational movements Maxim would scarcely merit attention, such as the Student Volunteers, had they not been given such wide Young People's Missionary Move- publicity. They show unbelievable ment, the Laymen's Movement and prejudice and ignorance. One would the Continuation Committee of the think that missionaries, as ambassa- Edinburgh Conference. These Co- dors of the Prince of Peace, had· inoperative organizations show the terfered with Sir Hiram's business as trend of the times toward economy the inventor of engines of war. of energy and a united advance in The bitter and foolish attack has, education at home and in conquest however, rebounded on Sir Hiram's abroad. own head, and numberless well-known men have come out clearly in support One of the important acts of the of missions. Sir Ernest Swatow, who Conference was the approval of the was until recently British Minister to interchange of medical service on the China, and who for forty-five years foreign field: (I) At stations where has been familiar with Christian Mistwo or more societies have physicians on their regular staff, and circumstances render an interchange necessary, the physicians of one board should not charge for services ren-

19U ] EDITORIALS

sions in the Far East, quotes facts The Union Theological Seminary in and figures to prove the progress of Peking has not room for them. Let Christianity in China and its im- some American Christian steward mense benefit to the people. The help to enlarge and equip the needed schools and hospitals, the churches and training school.

homes show the uplifting influence of Mr. Fenn says that the problem is Christ. exceedingly serious for either the Sir Hiram's ignorance of facts is American Church must provide each also shown by his statement that mission in China with better equip- Kongo missionaries have been indif- ment for educational work or the ferent to the sufferings of the natives present schools will soon be unable to under Belgian misrule. The facts are hold any of their students even from that the missionaries (Protestant, not Christian families.

Roman Catholic) have been those China is advancing to greater who have called the loudest for re- things, and the missionary work must form and some have suffered perse- be more equal to the demands or the cution for their brave stand against Chinese will think that it merits little oppression. attention.

It is probably impossible to convince Sir Hiram of his error and injustice, THE OPIUM QUESTION IN CHINA for these come not from lack of light, One evidence of new life and spirit but from closed eyes, but it is hoped in China is the desire and determinthat the prompt refutation of his ation of government reformers to charges will prevent his unworthy re- make effective the fight against marks from being passed on, as deli- opium. While this may be a moral cious tidbits by those who seek to and physical rather than a spiritual discredit the work of Jesus Christ and movement it has as definite a relation his missionaries. to the progress of the Kingdom of MINISTERIAL CANDIDATES IN God in China as has the drink habit CHINA to the Christian life of individuals in America. Christians should pray and "The most astounding challenge to work to restrict the manufacture and the Church of Christ that has ever sale and to abolish the use of these been heard in China, or perhaps ary- drugs except as prescribed by reput- where in the world," is what Rev. able physicians.

Courtney H. Fenn, of Peking, calls The Chinese are undertaking at the sudden increase in the .supply of great financial sacrifice, to abolish the candidates for the ministry in China. growth, sale and importation of Secular positions have been offering opium. It is natural that Chinese college graduates from $30 to $150 farmers refused to stop the cultiva- a month salary, while the best tion of the poppy so long as opium churches pay their pastors only $5 to is imported from outside the Empire.

$20 a month. In consequence two Continued pressure should bebrought years ago, there were not more than to bear on Great Britain to permit half a dozen Chinese college gradu- the prohibition of the importation of ates committed to the Gospel Min- opium into China. This is something istry. To-day there are between that the Chinese Government has a three and four hundred of them. This right to demand, and every Christian is the result of the quiet work of nation and statesman should support.

Pastor Ding Li Mei in North China. The British Government has no moral These volunteers must now be right to demand any compensation for trained for their ministry. We have the loss of revenue in India any more prayed for more laborers; these have than brewers have a right to demand been provided, and now the Church compensation when a state passes pro- must help prepare them for service. hibition laws-and not as much for

East Indian merchants are not citi- and included the following items: zens of China. Contributions for Indian Work … $17,738 A Chinese newspaper, writing on Contributions for Church Erection 20,158 Contributions for Education…… 10,398 the opium question, upholds force- Contributions for Home for the fully the right of China to protect herself and her people against injur- Aged …………………… 4,917 Contributions for Foreign Missions 20,965 ies from outside parties. The nation We shall be glad to have any errors is being poisoned, and Great Britain called to our attention, but would ask objects to a prohibition of the process that the exact figures and source of because of the loss in revenue. It information be given. Dr. Sommerseems incredible that any nation ville writes however that the following should advance such an argument. are correct (approximately) : One missionary writes that "opium For Indian work …….. $ 5,000 is the supreme hindrance to mission- For Foreign Missions …. 30,000 ary work in China." The daughter and that the figures for Home Misof the chief magistrate in one city sions, Southern Work, Jewish Miswas greatly interested in Christianity sions, National Reform and Sustentaand seemed about to confess Christ, tion of Aged Ministers, are omitted. but she had contracted the opium habit and was not willing to give it up. CHINESE STATISTICS FOR 1909 Since then she has lost interest in The statistics on the opposite page spiritual things. show the great growth of Protestant MISSIONARY AND CHURCH STATIS- Missions in China in the last one TICS hundred years. Ninety different So- Some one with wit, and perhaps cieties are at work with a total foreign with wisdom, has said that "figures staff of 4,299 missionaries and II,661 never lie, but liars sometimes figure." Chinese workers. These are located We have had several communications in 670 centers and care for 3,485 out- in regard to the statistical tables which posts. The Chinese Church numbers appeared in the Jannary number of 195,905 communicants and a total THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. and in Christian community of 278,628. most of these cases it has b~en found Compare these figures with the con- that the figures in THE REVIEW were ditions before the Boxer uprising and correct, being taken from official re- the effort to drive foreigners out of ports and records. One error, which China and we see how futile the crept in, was in the date given for attempt was. In these past ten years the beginning of synod of the Re- the number of missionary societies formed Presbyterian Church. This has increased by twenty-six; two should read 1856 in place of 1836. hundred new stations have been occu- In regard to the same denomination, pied by foreigners, and the out sta- Dr. Sommerville reports that the fig- tions where work is carried on have ures in their year-book give the num- been nearly doubled. Communicants her of communicants for 1906 as have increased from 80,682 to 195,- 9,719 in place of 9,122, and the total 905; day schools have grown from contributions for all purposes was 1,766 to 2,029, and pupils from 30,046 $219,033 in place of $74,176. The sta- to 45,730 and higher institutions of tistics for THE MISSIONARY REVIEW learning from 105 with 4,285 pupils, were taken from the United States to I,II6 with 34,064 students. For- Census reports, and these were gath- eign Mission workers have increased ered direct from the churches of the from 2,461 to 4,299 and Chinese Mis- Synod, 113 out of 114 churches making sion workers from 5,071 to I 1,661.

their report of membership, and Truly the gates of death do not pre- giving the total of 9,122. The statis- vail against the Church of Christ for tics for contributions were obtained persecution gives new impulse to life from the denominational authorities, and growth.

OF THE WORK OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CHINA FOR 1908.1909*

FOREIGN MISSIONARIES CHINESE WORKERS STATIONS EDUCATIONAL WORK CHINESE CHRISTIAN C:rfURCH MEDICAL WORK Tolal Staff "" 75 …….. Day or Primary Intermediate and High ~~'v~<l§":: I' Schools Schools and Colleges "'".~.<;::) NAME OF SOCIETY -~' – ' 'G —,—- BRITISH SOCIETIES ''1 ,.'" ;«, II·..·· i Mex. $ cts. Baptist MiSSi{oWr.iia~Ol~:~~. Ch~'r'c'h 'Mi';;i~',; … ')'[1859 52 …….. 82 ………. .. "" … … '" ….. I ,."' …… '." …'" ………..'" …… …… 4,223.62 ….

China Inland G~rman Chin.a ~lIiance Mission [ M" L.ebenzell M.ss.on Norwegian Mission in China I ' ,. … . 77…….. …… 1,597 567 20,993 …….. i 20993 17156 75 9 34……… . .. Scat;'di.navian China Alliance t As:I~s~.srlaotne I 928 …. …. 15 492 171 …. 237 1,717 211 1,001 139………….. 2,479 1866 ………… ..

Societies S!'di;hnMission in China Swedish Holiness Mission J Christians' Mission. Ningpo (1)………………. 1893 …… 12 12 '2.24ii …. .. 287 13 39 1 …. .. 48 …. .. 17 2 27 2 13 29 4 1 230 " ·3.2i3· 152 2S 36 96 12 44 7 'zo,oio 8 58 5 96 9 2 25 5 10 9 21 11 9 9 22 Church of England Missionary Society……….. 1844 106 110 71 2 676 676 5,555 ..• 6ii …. 854' .. 860' 'i"i4' 17,373 .. '2.6371' 21,255.82 .1.1….1.1..'.8.,3..5.!)'" iOO:657 Church of England Mission to North China……. 1863 21 9 9 2 15 330.00 Church of England Zenana Mission………. ….. 1880 20 14 14 8 42 …… 42 9 113 33 146 13 756 236 , 992 Church of Scotland Mission to China… . . . . . . . . . . 1878 1 21 58 67 125 W 369 33 ~2 110,21 ''''s' "7' "5' 34 …………………. I…….. 1,237.25 3 7 1,006 8,195 4 14 17 2 3 8 41 1,388.79 ………… .. English Friends' Foreign Missionary Association 1886 13 3 11 3 43 34 5 36 96 51 25 485 2ll 606 d. 1~ ….. 62' … 30' 2~~ 15971 4…..2.5.3.1 177544 30,376.79 Irish Presbyterian Church Mission…………… 1869 15 6 8 56 195 22 5 42,484.44 3 401 ….. ii,B7B 1 25 221 160 .. i6(l .. 3:548' .. 934' '4,482' d.l02 …~.~~… ~. 1.705 3 999 London Missionary Society……. . .. .. . .. .. .. …. 1807 73 26 53 17 282 46 13 176 531 9,057 2,416 11,473 Presbyterian Church of England….•……….. " 1847 39 32 25 16,104 …….. 16,104 26 10 4,726 73,089 18S 1 27 76 335 12 …. 11,111 30,237 United Free Church of Scotland Mission……… 1852 18 12 14 182 28 117 333 118 101 :::::::: :::::: 'i,79s' 3 :::::::: :::::: 1,843 12187 166,,771161………….".11711'7,91914 6 …. 1,434 57,575 United Methodist Mission.. •…. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. …. 1864 28 8 22 "'40 ::::.::. :::::: "858' .~'.~. :::::::: :::::: .~,~~. 263 11,552 …….. 11,552 Wesleyan Missionary Society……………….. 1852 50 13 33 398 164 587 7 "ii :::::: :::::::::: 163 107 286 British and Foreign Bible Society…… . . . . . . . • •• 1812 14 11 ::::::1 410 441 .::~~: :::~'~~~: :::::::: :::~'~~~: :::::: :::::::::: ……………….. 280 280 National Bible Society of Scotland.. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . 1863 6 3 31 …. ………………

COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL SOCIETIES I 92 10 …. 42 14 36 38 …. I………. 38 9 73 14 ………… .. 376 Canadian Methodist Mission. • .• . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . 1891 26 12 23 61 13 2 …….. …… 46 662 1,204 1,886 1,224.30 3 4 509 2,832 Canadian Presbyterian Mission ……………. '" 1872 533 3,476 2,815 6,291 8,572.00 5 3 Presbyterian Church of New Zealand…………. 1901 38 2 24 Its 11 2 10,272 1 1 Basel Missionary Society……………………. 1846 121 7 2 5 ll~ 1~ .. i' …. ;i I 18 ~ …. 7· :::::::: …. .. 176 d. 18 …….. …… 333 6 130 130 18 b.56,855 Berlin Foundling House………………. .. ….. 1851 24 5 21 157 1 ……….. 50 119 6,968 17,240 200 Berlin Missionary Society……………………. 1850 135 …4r:: … :.3'1"~~' Danish Lutheran Society.. …… .. .. .. .. •.. .. …. 1896 . ~. "~~:'I ~ : : "'~?"I 2~~ 64218 148 …………. . 1,433 d. 73 669 254 923 Finland Missionary Society…………… .. .. …. 1898 Hildesheim Mission for Blind ..•.•…………. '" 1890 50 4 1 48 … '7' :::::::: :::::: . 'i74' "208' "is,oM' …. 638' 137 ………. "i' :::: '3,402' :::::::::: Kieler China Mission (1)……………. .. .. .. …. 1897 48 803 961 16,692 Norwegian Lutheran Mission ………………… 1891 6· ……. Norwegian Missionary Society……………….. 1902 14 200 Rhenish Missionary ~ociety . .• . . . . ••• . • . • . . . . . . . . 1847 19 i …..,…….. …… …… = 14 143 158 256 306 267 Scandinavian Alliance Mission, Mongolia (1)….. 1895 40 Swedish Baptist Mission…………………….. 1892 6 Swedish Missionary Society……… . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1896 2 31 Swedish Mongol Mission (1) ……………………… . 7 …….. 18 …. …. …. ………… …….. 63 ….6.3. 1 ……………….. 5 573 Independent and Unconnected Workers………….. . 4 240 …… …….. …… …… …… 120 500 620 4 7 …. …. …. …. …. …… 322 32 …. …………. . . . . ……………………….. •••••••••••••••••••• 1•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• …. 15 6 11 2 ………………………………………………………………………….. .. 15 8 3 26 4…. 56 28 84 14 2 13 29 1 …. …………………………………. ~ "'33' ·"i7· :::::::: :::::: 460 d.~ :::::::: :::::: 1~~ :::::: ~ …. 296· :::: :::: 'i,785' …. i4:759 3 6 d. 30 619 117 736· .. .. . 1.425.. .. .. .. 1,969 3 313 7 12 4 1 10 27 2 "'i2' …..,. …. iiJi· "'23 "124' :::::: :::::::: :::::: :::::: …. 3 .. ·..i:74· :::::::: …. 274 22 4 14 …… 300.00 "2' .. 3' :::::: :::::::::: 8 18 i … ~: :::::: :::::::: :::::: :::::: .~:~~….. ~. 96 .. ~~. ::::: ….. ~~:. :::::::: …. ~~:. 1 1 42 47 33 122 ……………………………………………………….

EDUCATIONAL SOCIETIES 1 …… ………………………………………. Allgemeines Evangelische Protestantischer (1) .• 1884 4 …………I·..·…………·..r…. . . . 2 7 1 ………….. Christian College in China ………………….. . 1884 10 4 14 . … …. …… …… …… …… . ….. …….. …… …….. 8 ISO . . .. . Yale Foreign Missionary Society ..••…………. 1904 7 3 10 1 :::.:::: :::::: 59 :::::: :::::::: :::::::: ::.:::.: ::::::.::: 1 1 111 1,209 AMERICAN SOCIETIES Advent Christian Mission ………………….. . 1897 47 4 15 51 1 13 13 312 200 512 2 40 35 75 7 550 2,050 2,600 …. …. .. ………… .. American Bible Society …………………….. . 1843 11 8 Baptist Missionary Union ………………….. .. 1836 55 30 51 19 ~:i6 :::: :::: …… … ,g' .. ·i.i3O' .. 252' l.3iii- … i>i' " .. 's3i' .. 294' .. 825' 156…….. 5,522 10,487.00 .. g' .. 7' :::::: "b: is:4ill Bible Mission (1) …………………………… . 1904 136 350 Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions … . 1847 423 . … …. . is' .. ',48' Christian Catholic in Zion (1) ………………. .. 1899 41 40 35 "r:::: :::: 9 211 572 3 …… ……. . ….. …… … 36' :::::::: ………… …… ….. …….. 6,245 …………….. …. . . …………… . . Christian and Missionary Alliance ..•..•………. 1888 17 284 183 …… . ….. . 3,562 1,510 92 11,42 7…….. 17,672 25,791.00 . …. . . . ……………. . . Evangelical Association of North America……. . 1904 212 1165 1 …… …….. …… . Foreign Christian Missionary Society………… . 1886 87 ::::::::::1:::: :::::::::::: 25 …… …… . ….. . …… …… ….. …….. …….. …………….. " Free Methodist ……………………………. .. 1907 37 26 24 8 1 Friends Mission ……………………………. . 1887 4 4 …. ii .. ·.. 35· :::::: "'35' :::::: :::::::: :::::: ·.. ·il ………… 5 8 …….. ………….. :::: "i46' ….. i',500 Gospel Mission (1) ………………………. .. . 1892 7 13 Hauges Synodes Mission……………………. . 1891 20 10 15 45 3 …. 117 …….. 48 165 5 29 21 ……. . . .. .. 498 3 . . … …… 202 14 788 50 788 1,396.36 4…. 1,759 …….. .. International Y. M. C. A ……………………. . 1895 675 2 International Y. W. C. A…………………… .. 1908 181 18 14 2 8 8 ….•… ..••.• 87. ….. …….. …… …… 3 I 780 51 30.50 …………………. .. Lutheran Mission ……•……………….•…..• 1890 10 1 2 1 12 31 Lutheran Augustana Synod (1) ..•……………. 1905 I …….. 4 2 .•.•••.. ..•..• 101 4 …….. …… 106 2 209 989 941.00 …………………. .. Lutheran Brethren Mission ….•……………. 1902 4 Methodist Episcopal Mission ……………….. . 1847 333 9 ::::1:::::: :::::::::: 32 Methodist Episcopal Mission South……•…….. 1848 764 17 2 …. 75 17 3 "823' …. 2· .. ·.. 24· '''si' '''75' :::::: …. 742· :::::::: Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions …•…… 1837 95 52 .:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: :..:.:.:.:.: …… …….. 742 1 Presbyterian Church Mission. South…………• 1867 18 2 5 25 …… …… ….. . Protestant Episcopal Church Mission………… . 1835 …… ………………… ····1······ ……… . Reformed Church in America……………….. . 1842 3 16 16 . 7' :::: :::::: … 39 …. 5' …………………. Reformed Church in United States ……..•.•…• 1899 10 7 9 26 1 "..'i.8..'..::.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:..".2.4.4.'..".'i.i.>.'..:.:.:.:.::.:.:..:.:.:.::.:. "27(i Reformed Presbyterian Mission (1) ………….. . 1895 414 9 …… …. …. …… …… 3 930 930 170.00 …………………. .. Scandinavian American Free Church …•…….. 1888 10 Seventh Day Adventist Mission… " …•………. 1909 433 7 7 14 1 9 7 …….. …… 176 ……………… .. :::::::::: :::: "i' :::::: .. ·….450 Seventh Day Baptist Mission ………………. .. 1842 95 99 88 Southern Baptist Convention.. • . . . . . . . . .. . …… . 1845 16 22 16 282 17 19 ,66 1,379 …. …. 120 1,665 26 556 ………….. 10.516 61.. .. . … . …. . 4,195 389 19,858 13,909 33,767 38.198.00 21…… …. South Chihli Mission (1) ……………………. . 1896 54 312311536 ………. 171 5 Swedish American Missionary Covenant …….. . 1890 117 67 97 281 1~ 3~ ~~g 38 21 ………….. 4 8 9 1 0 …………. . 949 2.309 1,300 3,653 8,473.06 2. … 1,050 27,3?:7 United Brethren in Christ (1) ……………….. . 1889 110 Po ~ SOl …………………….. d.301 5,984 United fvan!lelical. CJ:turch Mission …•………. 1900 46 24 40 Irs 22' 32' … gil .. .. .. 19 392 69 461 6 84 19,812 52,115.72 26 30 …… c.I60,077 Women s Umon M.sslOn …………………… .. 1868 13 93 75.. .. …. …… 2,095 24 ….2.6.6…..1.7.8. 444 23 2,150 706 2,056 1,779.46…….. 2.433 32,219 43 29 27 99 12 19 80 29 25 216 368 4 52 1.476 63 6,849 2,206 9,055 7,335.93 5 8 4,384 c.124,101 9 13 6 2 …… 957 28 12 62 29 103 1 29· ……… · .. · 782 8 197 247 444 14 1,714 1,714 12,128.00 2 …….. . b.13,210 21 2 …. 1 .. .. 3' …… …….. …… …… 4 72 46 118 645 15 ………… 3 105 105 2 1 …. .. …. 5' ….. si' … p,7' .. i3i;' 1 6 3 ………2……… 10 …. 27il :::::::: …. 278· 301.35 ………… .. 15 3 II 29 3 …. 7 …. 4 :::::::: :::::: "i32' ….2· ..·..so· "'20' ''',5' : .. :: …. o 128 1 71 15 126 79.. .. …. …… 1,439 29 600 565 1.165 2 323 8 11 2 1 9 13 1 128 …….. i~:i~j.~i: ::~: ~. ~~~: J:~i 4 71 46 109 10 …. 21 124 29 …….. .. 174 1 6,669 4 15 1 20 3 ii: 54 6,669 17 27 "7' "2' "'22' 58 1 658 384 .. 'i,042' ………… i' .. i' ………. 785 7 26 ……………… .. 100 414 514 10 2 827 17 1 3 ………… .. 59 …. i· :::::::: …… 31 …… · .. ·i52· 8 …. 4 48 55 152 370.00 8 12 4 ………… .. 90 …… …….. …… …… 17 17 12.00 1 750 31,604 M,SCELLANEOUS Grace Mission………………. . . ………….. 1899 1 1 161 3 1 4 2……… 1 4…… …….. …… …… …… …….. …… …… 4 273 …….. 273 269.50 ………………….. . Apostolic Faith Mission……………………… …… 7 13 26 …. …. …. …. …. …… …… 4 …… …… …….. …… …… ….. …….. …… …… .. ……………………………………………… .. Baptist Mission (1)………………………….. …… 2 1 3 …. …. …. …… …. …. …… 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. . Chefoo Industrial Mission………………. ,.. … …… 2 1 1 4. … …. …. …… 1. .. . 4 1 .. …. ……. … … . …. 1.. .. •… …… 120.. …. …….. …….. …….. ………. .. ………………… . ICnhdienpaeNnedwenTt eLsutatmheernatnM(1is)s..i.o.n…………………………………. ………… 2 2 4…. …. …. …… …. …. …… …… 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .. 1 1 …. …. …. …… …. …. …… …… ] ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Mission for the Chinese Blind………………… …… 1 1 1 3 …. …. …. …… …. …. …… 3 1 ….. , …….. …… …… 1.. . .. … …… 44. .. … …….. …….. …….. ………. …. .. ……………. ..

Mission to Chinese Deaf………….. .. .. .. …… …… 2 2 …. …. …. …… …. …. …… 1 …… …… …….. …… …… 1… •…. …… s1o5…………………………………………………… ………. …. .. …………….. . North.WestKiangsiMission…………………. 1885 251 8 ………… 10 …….. 5 15 2 12 1 8 8 16 3 30 20 7>.00 ………….. ……… . ~~~~:tii:;~;~:~::.:::::::::::::.~:d,JJ.l~4~Q;gg~~:4ib~~~;,:;~~ili~~:;;g~~1~4gg~l~ • From the China Mission" Y ear Book," Shanghai, 1910. a. Including lady doctors. b. Including in·patients. c. Including dispensary patients. d. Including day.schools.. 1. No special returns.

MISSIONARY

CHINA cational System will be rotten. "China has plenty of men who wish to be The Chinese Parliament ministred unto," said Mr. Ling, "but few, if any, who care to minister. The The pressure of the Chinese Im- men possessing the quality to minisperial Senate upon the throne was so ter can only be found in the school of strong that the date of the inaugura- Christ." tion of the National Parliament was advanced in November from 1915 to Returned Chinese Christian Students 1913. The advocates of popular government were not satisfied with Chinese Christian students eduthis triumph, but they continued their cated abroad are a growing factor in pressure upon the regent, Prince China. They are at once a problem Chun, and it is now decided that and an opportunity. It is sometimes China will become a constitutional said that these students appear to forempire at once, tho until 1913 it will get on their return home the Chrisbe governed by a single legislative tianity that they have espoused with house-the Senate; but a constitu- varying degrees of earnestness abroad. tional cabinet, subservient to the Many, however, become effective Senate, will be appointed, taking the forces for good, even tho their sphere place of tbe irresponsible ministers of service may be at first somethat have up to this point done so what restricted. They are the admuch to check the power of the popu- vanCe waves of a dimly understood lar body. It is understood that Prince civilization: they think and act in Ching, of Boxer memory, will retire ways strange to those who have from his present power, and the new changed but little during their ab- Prime Minister will be Prince Tsai- sence and often they do not receive the Tse, a man who has made close same consideration granted to a forpersonal investigations of foreign gov- eigner who is expected to do things ernments and is in thorough sympa- unlike civilized folk. They have spent thy with modern popular methods. a number of years among circumstan- ces that tend to denationalize them. Corruption and Reform in China The consequence is that their attempts to enter into the life of the local The slow progress of reform in church do not induce congeniality. China can better be understood if we They have, with rare exceptions, to realize how wide-spread and how readjust themselves; oftentimes have deeply rooted corruption has become to let go of some of their over-amin the national life. Modern dress bitious hopes and learn anew how to does not necessarily prove a departure apply their new ideas. Real tact is from the ancient spirit. This is needed in bringing them forwardshown in a recent address on educa- usually they are of the type that will tion by E. S. Ling, of Fuchau, before not sit on the back seat. the Fukien Provincial Assembly. Mr. Ling declared that after twelve years Isla111 in China in educational work he con fest with shame the corruption in their new ed- That there are Moslems in China ucational system. Teachers, with few has been commonly known; but when exceptions, are poorly trained to teach, further information has been sought, and students take a superficial smatter- as the writer has discovered, only loing of knowledge for education. Mr. cal details and vague contradictory Ling declared that there is lack of opinions and statements could be obdiscipline and insubordination in tained. schools, a demand to know examination questions in advance, immorality Mr. Marshall Broomhall corrects and irreverence and dishonesty. Un- the common idea that there are some less the roots can be protected and 30 ,000,000 Moslems in China. This nourished, the fruits of China's Edu- number is given in "The Statesman's Year Book," and the figures are usuaI-

ly quoted as authoritative. Mr. Chu~ch .of S~JUth India. Eight de- Broomhall gives excellent reasons for nommatIons m Japan are working concluding that there are less than shoulder to shoulder with a common IO,OOO,OOO. But even so, they prob- hymn-book, a single volume of re- ably equal the total population of ports, and the closest cooperation in Egypt or Persia. The presence of all educational and evangelistic such a body of Moslems, all of whom methods. The Church of Christ in are more or less accessible to the China has become a reality. It is our Christian missionary, is surely a prob- boast that half of our church-members lem of intense interest to every friend abroad do not know they are Con- of China. gregationalists; they are Christians- It is encouraging that the Moslems let that suffice.-American Board Bul- in China show little of the fanati- letin.

cism that distinguishes them in other The Chineee and the Comet countries. A characteristic spirit of accommodation has marked the Chi- A striking example of the influence nese Moslems from the beginning, and of the Christian Literature Society of China was afforded by its propaganda marks them still. Their mosques con- to enlighten the Chinese regarding form to the Chinese ideas of architecture; their attendance at worship Halley's comet. Some 277,000 postand observance of the daily prayers ers were circulated, while every postare irregular, while in their personal office and telegraph station in the emhabits and practise of religious rites pire had one posted up by its door. they aim at an approximate rather The result was that the usual disturbthan an exact observance of ortho- ances among superstitious people were entirely absent. dox rules. Speaking of them as a body Mr. Broomhall says: "They During the year the society pubunderstand little of their religion be- lished 30 new books on Christian and yond the outstanding duties of absti- general topics, making 3,g66,000 nence from pork and idol-worship." pages, while editions of 24 of the so- But some will even "take part in idola- ciety's old books were exhausted and trous practises, and subscribe to idol had to be reprinted during the year temples, and are satisfied to compro- to meet the demand. In addition to mise with calling pork 'mutton,' and these books, the society issued two pathen partake." pers, a monthly to reach the leaders of the Chinese Church, and a weekly N ow is the time for special effort to reach all classe~. Besides producing to be made by the Christian Church Chinese books, the society has this to evangelize these Chinese followers year begun a valuable service to the of Islam. They are accessible to the missionary cause in general by inaumissionary, and many are disposed to gurating a series of China Mission be friendly.-REv. G. H. BONDFIELD. 'ear Books, the first of whkh, under Christian Unity in China the editorship of Dr. MacGillivray, was published in October. The book In the mail this week is the news comprises 30 chapters, with 431 pages, of the coming together of various as well as appendices of 43 pages, and churches in the vicinity of Tientsin to a missionary directory of 74 pages, and form the Chinese Christian Church will be indispensable to every student in that portion of China, independent of Chinese missions. of foreign control, and centering the effective leadership of the district. As The Cele.tiala LearDi~ to Give you glance over the world one of the A missionary writes: "At Tieling distinctive movements to-day is thTs my wife and I were at a meeting, con- "getting together." Four denomina- ducted entirely by the Chinese themtions have absolutely merged their selves, and sat there looking at those Christian churches into the United people bringing their offerings. One

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

man came in with a bag of grain on ous contributions to the funds of the his back. He walked right up to the Church, his valuable help as treasurer platform and left it there. He said of the Church, and his earnestness and that he had no money, but he would devotion in all Christian work and give this bag of grain. And there was service. His eldest son, a youth of a brindled calf at the gate, if the Lord about eighteen, is left at college in West Australia. All the rest of the would take that. A man brought a. family are here-father, mother, seven children, nurse, man-servants; also a gun. He said that he loved it very nephew, twenty-six years of age. All much, but he had nothing else to give, speak English. Mr. Fong had a large and he would give that. The women business, which he has now sold. For brought their ornaments, their gold some time before he left Australia he and their silver and watches and laid held a Sunday-afternoon service in his them on the table for Christ. And place of business for the Chinese emone poor woman, with her face bewet ployees. He translated their addresses with tears, and clad in rags-you into Chinese for those who did not uncould see that she was just the poorest derstand English. Many of his of the poor-whispered to one of our Chinese workmen became Christians. lady agents that in all her possessions she had only just one cent, but she A Christian Medical School for would like to give it; could she do so? -and the cent was handed up, one Manchuria small piece of money worth just about a farthing. The pastor looked at it, From Manchuria comes the news and he looked at the poor woman, and that the missionary societies of all then he lifted it up and he told the evangelical denominations at work story, and the whole congregation just there have decided to unite in the broke out in tears of gladness." founding of a medical school for Christian natives. The viceroy of A Chineae Eve.na;eli&t'& Report Manchuria has announced that he will At Ningpo a missionary obtained contribute 3,000 taels, about $2,000, from the Chinese evangelist a tabulated report of work done. It read: to the expenses of the school annually for ten years. "Two dead; four moved away; three excommunicated; six suspend- Chinese Hunger for K.nowledge ed and the remainder, 16 in number, not yet suspended." A recent number of China men- tions a remarkable development in This, however, is not a typical Chi- Manchuria of this general craving for nese Church for many of them are be- knowledge. The writer says: "In coming self-supporting. this new movement there is implicitly involved, if not explicitly avowed, A Stalwart Chinese Christian what seems to be a decided opposition to the special doctrines of Christianity. "A Chinese gentleman came on . . . Its nature will be more easily board at Singapore, bound for Can- understood from recent experience in Mukden. A society was instituted for ton," says the Rev. J. Pein, of Mada- the discussion of political economy. The viceroy was honorary president. gascar, writing of his trip to China The membership of over a thousand to see his sons. "His name was Mr. men consisted of officials, literary men Lang Fong, coming from Geraldton, and leading merchants. The society met West Australia. He showed to us a daily and discust all sorts of subjectsbeautifully illuminated address pre- political, commercial, ethical-which sented to him by the Presbyterian had any bearing on the well-being of Church. It speaks of his Stalwart the nation. Strange to say, most of Christian character during the eight- the subjects to begin with were in opeen years he has been in business in Geraldton, his diligence as a foundation member of the Church, his gener-

position to idolatry, to support which two missions have between them only 110t a single voice was raised. Some three men equipped with a working of our Christians were members, and, knowledge of the language, and only on account of their greater readiness two of these three are able to give their in speech, were welcomed to speak on whole time to Mongol work. Mr.

all subjects under discussion, on the Uondfie!d states that at the present day character of God, on Christian ethics, he QOt's not think there are more than on matters connected with commerce, two or three baptized Mongols, and politics and science. But the name of including the fruit of Gilmour's he- Jesus must not be mentioned, nor the roic work, and of all other efforts words 'sin' and 'redemption.' " which have since been put forth, the Pagan Temples Falling into Decay total number of Mongol converts to the credit of Protestant missions will A missionary of the American not exceed ten.

TIoard writes home: "While traveling Tllc difficulties connected with the from our station at Pang-Chuang to work in Mongolia are hardly equaled Lintsing this spring, we passed a in any other country. The immense temple near one of the villages, of distal1ces to be traversed, the sparse which I took a picture because I felt population, the ignorance, illiteracy very strongly that it is typical of the and superstition of the people, togeth- attitude of the Chinese in that densely tr with the degrading influence of populated district toward the religion Lamaism, make the work of the mis- which these temples represent. Every &ionary peculiarly arduous. These village has its two or more temples, facts, however, only constitute a loud- but with the exception of a very, very er call to prayer and consecrated ef- . few all are in the condition repre- fort, and it is good to learn that the sented by this picture. To me there is Bible Society has already decided to a great pathos in this, for I can not appoint a special worker for North but feel that the human heart strove Mongolia.

for peace with God but found that KOREA the means employed, as represented The Changes of Seven Year. by this temple sinking into decay, did not bring peace. The back wall of the Only seven years ago placards could temple has fallen outward, while the be seen in Korea set up by the way- front wall has entirely disappeared. side with such inscriptions as these, The figures inside, the central image "If you see a foreigner, kill him;"

with the eighteen disciples around it, "If you see a native reading the Chris- are all made of mud. Noone ever tian Book, kill him." Twenty-five comes near, for there is no life to be years ago, when missionary work be- found there. The greater pathos is gan in Korea, there was no word in that nothing fills the void left by the the Korean language for the name of casting off of these mud images." God. The missionaries at last agreed upon its nearest equivalent, and added Mongolia_ Neglected Mission Field to it a meaning it never had before.

Rev. G. H. Bondfie1d, when coming Twenty-five years ago, the text-books home to England last spring, traveled in the Korean schools were absurdly across Mongolia, and he sums up the out of date, being 1,000 years old.

few details there are to be told con- To-day out of 2,000 schools in Korea, cerning the two or three centers at I,400 are Christian. Now all the laws which mission work is being done against Christianity are repealed. In among the Mongol population. Apart 1888 the native church held its first from the British and Foreign Bible communion service, with seven mem- Society's colportage work, there are bers meeting in secret, because of their only two missions whose object ·is the fear of death if it were known that conversion of the Mongols. These they were Christians. To-day bap-

MISSIONARY

tized converts throughout Korea num- with their Bibles and hymn-books, tied ber over 2S0,000, and they are increas- about their waists climbing one of ing daily at a larger rate than church- the hills. On asking one of them, members are being added in any whom he recognized, where they had country in the world. In 1907 a won- been, she replied, "Over to that vilderful revival began, and this revival lage," pointing to a cluster of houses has swept throughout the Christian in the valley below. Altho the hill churches of the empire until fully SO,- was rather steep, the women did not 000 of the converts have come under seem to notice it, and when we stopt, its influence, and these Christians are after some puffing, on my part, I still abiding in the power of that re- asked their ages. The one said sixtyvival and are pressing on under its six, the other sixty! "Does not this inspiration to take the whole country walking tire you?" I asked. "Oh, for Christ. no," they replied, "for we go so often, and much farther than this." "Oh, The Presbytery of Korea you are Bible women?" "No; we go to read and pray with the women, for It is interesting to note that the we want them all to know of our Presbytery of Korea is now enrolled happy faith," was the answer, with among the churches of the ~resby­ such bright faces as carried convicterian Alliance. At the meettng of tion of their joy. With such home this Presbytery last year, 12 Korean missionaries, is it any wonder Korea pastors, 30 foreign ministers, and 6S is becoming a land of Christians?- Korean elders composed the member- Missionary H erald. ship and were present at the meeting, and large audiences gave interested Methodism in Korea attention to the proceedings. A missionary was chosen moderator, a Ko- Says the Northwestern Christian rean vice-moderator, and the two Advocate of a recent date: "When clerks were Koreans. The field of the Dr. John Goucher made his gift for Presbytery of Korea is divided into the founding of the Korea mission of eight districts, with a committee for the Methodist Episcopal Church, in the supervision of the work in each 1884, there was no prophet whose of these districts. It is expected that visions could foresee that in'19IO there in the development of the work these would be so,ooo probationers, memdistricts will become presbyteries. The bers and inquirers as a result of that missionaries are training the Korean small beginning. Prophecy has been pastors and leaders with the view to outrun. To-day there is an annual the management, in the main, of the conference of our Church in Korea, work. The meeting of the Presbytery with 34 full members and 21 probamentioned was held in the Central tioners. Seven conference districts Presbyterian Church of Pyeng Yang. take care of our work in over 1,000 An audience of 2,000 filled the house cities, towns and hamlets, and the at a meeting at which eight young spirit of evangelism in the name of Koreans were ordained. One of these Jesus Christ is flaming from heart to' newly ordained men was sent as a heart among our workers, both minmissionary to the Koreans livinz in isters and laymen, in a manner un- Russia across the border from Korea. precedented since the days of the Acts His support was provided by the na- of the Apostles. The gos~l is being tive church. preached, and thousands are turning to Christ. The sick are being healed, Home Missionaries in Korea over 3°,000 receiving treatment from our physicians last year. The youth A missionary of Seoul, on the way are being taught, there being 6,000 home from a service outside the East boys and girls in our schools." Gate, overtook a couple of women JAPAN those converted, has work in several schools, and comes in daily contact with Japan and Religious Equality several thousand children. Her mother and grandmother are both Christians and Whatever the Japanese press has to are also rejoicing. The science teacher, another of those who became a Christian, say about the vexed question of Chris- will now be a great help to the school. She is a graduate of the Girls' Higher tian missions in Korea, the Govern- Normal School, and an experienced teacher. ment endeavors to steer a straight and We have further reason for thankfulimpartial course. The following ness in the fact that within the last two weeks letters have come from three gradutranslated paragraph from the procla- ates telling of a fuller consecration of their lives to Christ, and of the joy and mation issued by the Governor-Gen- peace that have come with the sense of His abiding presence. eral of Korea, after the annexation This is one of the schools that the had taken place, shows clearly the editor was permitted to visit in Japan and which he was able to assist maoOidal attitude toward religion: terially in the fuller equipment of the Science Department. At his request "The freedom of religious belief is Miss Loomis mentions further press- ing needs: recognized in all civilized counh:ies. . 1. Five baby organs for the Bible There is, indeed, nothing to be said school to use in country stations (costing $15 each). against anybody trying to gain spiri- 2. A chapel organ for the school, tual peace by believing in w.hatever as the old one is worn out. (Cost religious faith he or she considers !o about $350.) 3. A sewing-machine (cost, $25). be true. But those who engage tn INDIA strife on account of sectarian differ- Missionaries as One Hindu sees Them ences or take part in politics or pursue A recent issue of the Mysore Repolitical intrigues under the name of view contains the following from an religious propaganda will injure good educated Hindu: "We use this occasion to request customs and manners and disturb pub- our people not to misjudge the Prolic peace and order, and, as such, shall testant missionaries and not to impute to them wrong motives. They do be dealt with by law. There is no not make a secret of the aim with which they come to India. They debdeouitb~t ithhoerwBevuedrd, htihsamt a good religion, clare that, by persuasion, they endea- or Confucianism vor to win the inhabitants of th~s country for the Gospel and they make or Christianity, has as its aim the im- no use of force. They, are however, the pioneers and promoters of the provement, sp~ritual as well a~ m~­ higher Western civilization, and they terial of mankmd at large, and m thiS show us what are the European do.. mestic life and morality. They make not dnly does it not conflict wi!h ad- it possible for us to appre~iate the civil institutions of the EnglIsh, who ministration, but really helps tn at- in the course of events have become our lawful rulers. Their universities taining to the purpose it has in view. and higher schools (of the missions) may be counted among the best in Consequently, all religions shall be the land in which several of our lead- treated equally, and, further, due pro- tection and facilities shall be accorded to their legitimate propagation."-C.

M. S. Review.

Cause for Thanksgiving in Japan Miss Oara D. Loomis, of Yoko- hama, writes, November 20, 1910, that their Thanksgiving week was made particularly blest by a visit from Mr. Gorbold, of Kyoto, who conducted a series of three special services in the school. Miss Loomis says: We have been earnestly praying that we might have an outpouring of Gc;>d's spirit at this time, and He has certamly heard and answered our prayers. Twenty-five girls and our two non-Christian teachers stood up and can fest Ch~ist! so that all those in school are now Christians. The Japanese calisthenic teacher, one of ing men were educated. As a rule Good News from Tinnevelly the missionaries do not try to make Bishop Williams, in a recent tour in converts by wrong means. It is, there- North Tinnevelly, India, held confirfore, but fair always to look upon mation services in several places. Of these unselfish workers as the true one place, where he confirmed 86 canfriends of India." didates, he writes: "The masters of The Brotherhood of the Imitation of our school there are very much in- terested in evangelistic work, and Jesus spend a part of each Sabbath in going out and preaching to the heathen. I Mr. Samuel Stokes, Jr., the founder noticed a hopeful spirit of inquiry of the Brotherhood of the Imitation among the Hindu boys. The recent of Jesus in North India, has nearly conversion of a leading Hindu at recovered from the attack which was Sivagasi, who was a member of the made upon him after the baptism of a Hindu Temple Committee, has high-caste Rajput at Kotgurh. Ac- aroused much interest, as well as much tion was taken by the police against searching of heart among the Hindu those who had been responsible for the community, and I believe there are riot and the assault on Mr. Stokes, but many secret inquiries going on which when the case came on in court he may result in open confession of was allowed to compound the charge Christ in due time." for injury, and the government, at Mr. Stokes' request and on his assur- ance that he believed that such a Chriltian Union in Ceylon course would conduce to the peace of A very pleasant announcement the district and to the termination of comes from Ceylon, showing that the the present bitterness, withdrew the desire for union and for combined charge for riot. In the evening of effort on the part of missionaries of the same day the chief offender, who various denominations is beginning to had hitherto refrained from any ap- take practical shape. In the peninsula peal to Mr. Stokes for remission of of J affna, which has a population of the case, tho many of his friends had about 300,000, the Church Missionpleaded for him, came and humbly ary Society has a college and a branch asked forgiveness for the wrong school attended by 600 men and boys, the Wesleyans also have a college, which he had done. For another of with 700 students, and a school, and his would-be murderers Mr. Stokes the Americans have J affna College, has succeeded in finding work in the largely attended. As a result of conneighborhood of SimIa.-The Mission ferences at the monthly prayer-meet- Field. ings held by the missionaries of the The Blind in India According to the last census, the three bodies in question working in number of blind persons in the Indian the peninsula, it has been decided to Empire is 600,000. Little was done combine the three institutions into a for them until Miss Asquith, superin- Central Christian College, under a tendent of the school for Tamil girls joint board of representatives of the in Palamkotta, founded a school for three missions, each denomination blind children a few years ago. Her having its own hostel and its own success was so great that she resigned church. The cost is estimated at her lucrative position atld gave her- £5,000, and already the American mis- self and all her time to the care of sion has £3,000 iIi hand, so that it the blind. Now the English Govern- only remains for the other tW? mi~­ ment will aid her in the erection of sions to make up tIle sum. It IS Sala two substantial school buildings, one that the annual cost of the joint col- for boys, the other for girls, that she lege will not be more than is now ex- may give both a more complete edu- pended upon the disunited efforts, cation. whereas the gain would be immense. A Mass Movement Toward Christianity ferred to in the interests of the spread of the Gospel will be quickly The mass movement toward Chris- realized. tianity in the Telugu country which has been going on for two or three Self-support and Independence years continues with but little abatement. From the Progress Report of Rev. Henry Fairbank, at Mahathe South India missions we gather bleshwar, reports a new plan of conthat in the Masulipatam district 226 adults were baptized during 1909, and ducting work in the Jeur district at its close the names of 590 inquirers were on the list; in the EUore district This district for the present year is the numbers were 168 and 892 re- in special charge of Mrs. Fairbank, spectively; in the Raghavapuram dis- who, instead of managing the work trict, 84 and 1,695; in the Khamma- in person, has secured the appointmett district, 263 and 3>403; in the ment of a strong committee of Indian Bezwada district, 73 and 1,934; while Christians to be responsible for it. in the Dummaguden district, where the All the schools, including repairs and number of Christians has Increased rents of buildings for school purby 50 per cent. in the last seven years, poses, are in the hands of this comthere were more Malas seeking to mittee. On the first of each month, place themselves under instruction one-twelfth of the money appropriated than ever before. Five new out-sta- for the year is paid over to them and tions were opened in the Masulipa- what is required in addition to carry tam district, and in that worked from on the work is left with them to pro- Khammamett 48 villages asked for vide. Their very first step was to put teachers, and the tide was evidently money of their own into the work, rising, for almost as many fresh in- and it is hoped that they will be able quirers came forward during the last to raise the rest from the district itfour months of the year as in the pre- self. vious nine months. India and Christianity: A Hindu Opinion indian Medical Missions The Lahore Civil and Military In the October issue of Medical M is- Gazette gives the following account sions in India is given a statistical of a meeting held at the Central summary of the work accomplished Y. M. C. A., Bombay, at which the during 1909 at the various medical Hon. Sir N aravan G. Chardavarkar missions scattered through that em- gave an addres; on the "Kingdom of pire. Tho the returns are incomplete, the Spirit of the Age." In the course the figures sufficiently reveal how far- of his address Sir Narayan said: reaching the influence is calculated to be of mission hospitals and dispen- "Let me tell you what I consider saries. The total number of in-pa- the greatest miracle of the present tients was 46,815, and no fewer than day. It is this: that to this great 7,396 major operations were per- country, with its over 300 millions of formed. In the different dispensaries people, there should come from a lit- tle island, unknown by name even to 967,524 new cases were treated, an our forefathers, many thousand miles distant from our shores, and with a advance of over 100,000 upon the population of but fifty to sixty milfigure for the preceding year. Tak- lions, a message so full of spiritual ing the total attendances at the dis- life and strength as the Gospel of pensaries, we find that the number Christ. This surely is a miracle, if rose to nearly three millions; and ever there was one. And this meswhen it is remembered that evan- sage has not only come, but it is findgelistic work occupies a foremost ing a response in our hearts. The place in the work of medical missions, process of the conversion of India the significance of the figure just re- to Christ may not be going on as rapidly as you hope, or in exactly the manner that you hope; but nevertheless, I say, India is being converted; equipment, a broader course of study the ideas that lie at the heart of the -including business, technical, normal Gospel of the Christ are slowly, but and agricultural courses, and a new surely, permeating every part of site with room to expand. Hindu society and modifying every phase of Hindu thought. And this A Good Work in a Hard Field process must go on so long as those who preach this Gospel seek, above Since 1889 the Arabian Mission has all things, to commend it not so much sent out 29 missionaries to the fieldby what they say, but by what they do r6 men and 13 women. During the and the way they live."-C. M. S. twenty years one has been recalled and Gazette. one permanently invalided, while five have gone to their reward, leaving 22 MOSLEM LANDS still on the roll of the mission. The entire amount of money spent during Missions to Moslems these twenty years has not been over $250,000 in the w::lrk both at home Within the boundaries of these and abroad. five Moslem lands-Turkey, Palestine, Syria, Persia, Arabia-there are The east coast of Arabia has been over 600 Protestant missionaries en- definitely occupied by a permanent gaged in educational, medical and mission plant at three stations, Busrah, evangelistic work. The Bible has Bahrein and Muscat, and three outbeen translated into all the languages stations. "In all Eastern Arabia," of western Asia, and a large Chris- says Dr. Cantine, "the dense ignorance tian literature prepared for its poly- regarding true Christianity has been glot people. At the Beirut Press enlightened, inborn and traditional alone 60,000,000 pages of Christian prejudices have been dispelled, inbooks were printed in a single year, difference has given place to interest, and in one month orders were on file and the aforetime Kafir, or unbeliever, for 100,000 copies of the Arabic has become the present-day friend." Scriptures, including eighteen cases of Bibles sent to Shanghai for the The mission can point to a total cir- "Moslems of China. culation of over 62,000 copies of the Scriptures, mostly in the Arabic lan- Euphrates College, Turkey guage, and purchased by Moslems. Medical missions have disarmed preju- Rev. Henry H. Riggs calls atten- dice and opened the way into the intion to the present crisis and oppor- terior. Last year (1908),5,784 copies tunity in the educational situation in of Scriptures were sold, and the med- Harpoot, Asia Minor. The patient, ical missionaries reported 29,412 paplodding work of the past thirty tients treated. Nine colporteurs are years has placed the college in a po- employed by the mission and last year sition of leadership in the new life of they traveled 3,530 miles in visiting Turkey. If the college is prevented 486 towns. Regular preaching services by lack of financial support, from tak- are held at all of our stations, ating advantage of this crisis, the lead- tended by Moslems as well as Chrisership must pass to other non-Chris- tians. tian institutions. Education is the new watchword in Turkey to-day, and Rights of Moslem Women many schools, Turkish, French and Armenian, are being established and A writer from Bombay tells of a developed. Turkey must depend on growing movement among the Mosthe mission schools to develop lead- lems to better the condition of their ers with Christian ideals and motives. women folk and give them larger Mr. Riggs is now in America to raise liberties. To this end, he says, Mo- $325,000 for equipment and endow- hammedan leaders are bending their ment. The college needs more funds efforts to wrest from the Sutras pasfor better teachers and more adequate sages or rather interpretations which will put the Mohammedan religion a publishing a religious journal, The little more abreast of the spirit of the Murshid, and recently this paper time, and so help to keep it from contained an article on Mohammedanbeing considered antiquated and un- ism at which the native press took uncivilized. The task of such apologists expected offense. The article was is no easy one, for Mohammed's pre- widely misquoted and misrepresented, cept and practise were both abom- and excitement was stirred up inable. According to his law a man throughout Egypt. . A demand came had but to say three times to his wife, to the Government for the suppression "I divorce thee," and it was accom- of the paper, and the authorities called plished. This was shocking even the missionaries in council and exwhen compared with the Arabian law plained the difficulty. The missionof his day. Besides this, his religion aries could vindicate themselves as countenanced polygamy. But worse having in nowise exceeded the proper in its effect than either of these was limits of free speceh, but after conhis command that women should never ference they decided to waive their show their faces. His practise was rights and abandon the publication of even more objectionable than his the paper. It was understood, howteaching; when over sixty he married ever, that they should be allowed a the wife of his son-in-law. Subse- little later to put out another mission quently a collusive divorce was ob- organ under a different name, and tained and the prophet's marriage re- that is now about to appear with the celebrated. title of The Huda. It is hoped that the change may turn out for good, and AFRICA that the new paper may have a wider circulation than the old. Some African Statistics The population of Africa is esti- Southern Nilreria mated to be 175,000,000; and among these masses some 2,470 Protestant In this portion of West Africa mismissionaries are at work, with 13,089 sionary work was begun some three native assistants. The number of decades ago by an African clergyman, adherents gained is 527,800, and the and in 1886 more than 60 adults were communicants 221,156; for whom baptized. Soon afterward an incident 4,790 places are provided. In the occurred which showed the natural 4,000 schools 203,400 pupils received ferocity of the people. A neighboring instruction. Hospitals to the number tribe with whom they had some disof nearly 100 minister to the sick and pute was invited to confer about the suffering. Printing-presses to the matter. Trusting in the good faith l)umber of 16 are kept busy, and the of the people of Okrika, they came Bible is supplied in all the principal unarmed. Suddenly they were atlanguages. In Uganda, one-half of tacked and seized, and to the number the 700,000 inhabitants are Christians. of 100 were murdered and their bodies In Cape Colony, about 200,000 are eaten, in spite of the remonstrances of Christians. the pastor. Ten years elapsed, and there was little sign that the Gospel A Million Paper Suspended was making progress; but in the last decade there has been rapid advance, The United Presbyterian mission and at a recent harvest festival it is in Egypt has passed through an un- estimated that 2,650 people, inclupleasant experience, bringing it into ding eleven chiefs, were present at the a slight collision with the Egyptian morning service, and :2,800 at that in Government, which under present cir- the afternoon. The gifts amounted to cumstances is nervously sensitive to £134, and £25 of that sum, at Archany awakening of fanaticism among deacon Crowther's suggestion, was the Moslems. forwarded to the C. M. S. as a token The mission has for years been of gratitude to the society for having ncan missions send their native sent the gospel to the country. workers to them for training. In its publishing activity, both as to quality A Large Congregation and quantity of literature put out, it easily leads all the missions south of Rev. 1. D. Henningar, of West the Zambesi. Africa Presbyterian Mission, writes: Church Union in Education At the communion service last July we passed our highest number, reach- A new departure has just been taken ing at least 2,000 people, not count- in Natal by the inauguration of Union ing babies, and there were plenty of Theological College-a joint effort on them. Elat on a following Sabl.Jath the part of the American mission and also passed the high-water mark, the United Free Church of Scotland. reaching 4,210, not quite filling their The college, which is situated at Imnew church. I am just now in the polweni, was formally opened (not midst of preparations for a mission long since) in presence of a large meeting. To-day is commencement gathering of natives and missionaries. here at Efulan, and we will graduate Under the new arrangement, the five very fine boys. People at home American Board assumes responsibilwould not believe me if I were to ity for the academic work, while the tell them what these boys k'now, and Presbyterian Church undertakes the that they can speak fairly good Ger- theological training of the students. man, and can read the BiBle without But there will be representatives of any trouble in German. Each of them both missions in each department. has written an essay in German. The The teaching staff includes the Rev. schoolboys will be leaving to-day, and then the hill will be lonesome, for it James Duke (Presbyterian), the Rev. will be so quiet. J. M. Taylor (American Board), and the veteran, Rev. J. S. Moffat, CM.S. Huguenot Misaions in South Africa Sleeping-sickness Decreasing When the Huguenot missionaries first reached Basutoland they found The annual report of the principal some 35,000 people prest on all sides medical officer of the Uganda Proby hostile tribes and hardly eking out tectorate for 1909, states that the a miserable existence. After seventy- preventive measures enforced against five years the country has Become a sleeping-sickness in 1908 continue to great garden. The population has show most encouraging and satisfacrisen to 400,000. Basutoland is the tory results. During the past year granary of South Africa, but it was a total of 23,996 persons were rethe missionaries who first planted moved from contact with the fly, and wheat, maize, sorghum, millet. They altho it is to be feared that many of first brought plows and wagons to the these persons are already infected, it country. As far back as I874 the is to be hoped that further infection Basutos exported $1,000,000 worth of among them will be either prevented corn and black millet. On the exten- or be of quite exceptional occurrence. sive mountain pastures these black people now have some 90,000 horses From the statistical fables which and 400,000 cattle. In 1900 the whole deal with the kingdom of Uganda we exports of the land totaled nearly learn that the yearly total of deaths $2,000,000. In the nursery schools from the disease has decreased from the blacks have been taught to plant 1,723 in 1908 to 925 in 1909, or nearly and train fruit trees. fifty per cent; also, that the total of deaths on the mainland has decreased The education which these Hugue- from 550 in 1908 to 231 in 1909, and not missionaries have given their na- the total on the islands from 1,173 to tive pastors and teachers is of a pattern quality. Many of the South Af- 694 during the same period. No cases or deaths from sleeping.sickness have been reported from Ankole or Toro.- Westerners, but men of Japan, India, Mercy and Truth. Korea, China, and Africa.-GALEN M. FISHER, of Tokyo, in "The Stu- Remarkable Circulation of the Scripture. dent World."

in Nya.aland Early in the history of the Living- A Year of the Bible Society stonia Mission, Dr. Laws translated the New Testament into the Nyanja For the first time the British and dialect. In 1900 a Translation Board Foreign Bible Society have issued was formed representing the various over 6,000,000 copies of the Scripmissions in Nyasaland, and in De- tures in one year. Of these 843,784 cember, 1906, a new version, called were Bibles, I,H)8,226 were Testathe Union Version, was issued by the ments, and 4,578,014 were Portions. National Bible Society of Scotland. Nearly 6,500,000 more were circulated The edition consisted of 10,000 New by the Scottish, Hibernian, American, Testaments and 5,000 copies of the German, Dutch and Scandinavian combined Gospels. Since then another societies, and if we add to these those edition of 10,000 Testaments and 10,- sold by ordinary publishers, it raises 000 copies of the combined Gospels the total circulation of Bibles or Porhas been published. Of these, only tions to 15,000,000 in one year. The 6,000 copies of the Testament are in popular report of the British and stock, so that the Bible Society find it Foreign Bible Society may well say necessary to go to press again to meet that no book can compete with it in orders in hand. the number circulated. Over 3,500,000 copies were sold by the different so- EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN cieties in China, mainly Gospels or The Jerusalem and Edinburgh Confer- Psalters. In India, including Burma and Ceylon, the British and Foreign ences Comp.ared Bible Society alone sold 780,000. Since its foundation in 1804 this one The first Christian missionary con- societv has issued more than 222,- ference was the Council of Jerusalem; 000,000 copies of the Scriptures, of the last was at Edinburgh. What a which nearly 72,000,000 have been in contrast! Then, a handful of believers English. from a few cities met obscurely in a corner of the Roman Empire; now 1,200 delegates and as many more visitors came from the ends of the Inoculating Missionaries for Typhoid earth, and their deliberations were Missionaries have suffered more telegraphed to eager readers in all than any other European residents in lands. Then, the admission of Gentile the tropics from diseases which they converts was conceded only after a have contracted while engaged in the heated debate; now, the only question prosecution of their work. Of these is one of ways and means for speedily one of the most fatal has been typhoid fulfilling the Church's primary duty of fever. It is satisfactory, therefore, to evangelizing the Gentiles. The Coun- know that the medical adviser of the cil of Jerusalem was attended by Society for the Propagation of the Hebrew delegates only; the Con- Gospel has been able to report to the ference at Edinburgh by men and Standing Committee that, in view of women of a score of nations and of all the now almost unanimous opinion of the great races. At Jerusalem the the medical profession, he recom- only missionary experts were Paul mends that inoculation for enteric fe- and Barnabas; at Edinburgh prac- ver should be insisted on by the So- tically everyone was in some sense ciety in the case of its missionaries an expert; not only missionaries from and all others for whom the Society the firing-line, but the secretaries and is responsible who go to the tropics.-=- directors at the home base; not only The Mission Field. Doctors Recommend Medical Missions Russia. During the year just closed, a large portion of the empire has been Two hundred and five doctors in the under martial law, and misery, dediocese of Oxford, England, recently pression and appallingly frequent exsigned an appeal in behalf of medical ecution of prisoners have marked its missions, on the following grounds: history. The life and writings of the late Leo Tolstoy were in themselves I. The example and authority of a terrible indictment of the Russian Christ. political and social systems. The Czar has apparently gained some hours of 2. The teaching of the Bible in quiet in his foreign relations by subthe miracles of healing and their re- mitting to Austro-German dictation in sults. Balkan politics and coming to an un- derstanding which amounts almost to 3. The relief of suffering through a partnership with Japan in the Far medical missions in regions where ig- East. Meanwhile the government at norance and quackery prevail. St. Petersburg continues to harass the Poles by cmel and useless repressive 4. The need for lady physicians to measures and to incite the Finns to the secluded women of the East. patriotic fury by steadily and merci- lessly pushing the Russification policy 5. The need of medical service to in Finland.-Review of Reviews. missionaries themselves. AMERICA 6. The history of medical missions is its best justification. Day of Prayer for Students Russian Baptists Aggressive One can not overestimate the im- portance of the conversion of students In Russia, the Baptists are doing a to Jesus Christ. They are the future splendid work. Hitherto the churches thinkers and leaders of the world, and have been divided into eight unions, to turn them toward God and to fill according to nationality. One of the them with the spirit of Christ would problems presented by the work has be a great movement toward the conbeen the large number of nationalities version of the world. concerned, as, for example, the German-speaking Baptists have com- February 26th has been appointed prized Letts, Lithuanians and Estho- by the World's Student Christian Fednians. This union alone comprizes eration for a universal day of thanks- I47 churches, with 468 preaching- giving and prayer for studentsstations, and represents a membership thanksgiving for the results of the of over 26,000, which has been in- Rochester and Edinburgh Missionary creased by nearly 2,000 during the Conference; for the formation of the past year. The Russian Baptist Union Student Volunteer Movement in comprizes I49 churches, with over China; for the increasing interest ro,ooo members, and an addition of among the students of Russia and 2,000. The growth of the work is Australia; also prayer for spiritual seen to be remarkable. Full figures light and power in institutions of can not be readily obtained, but it is learning; for more volunteers to debelieved by those who have studied vote their lives to spreading the Gosthe matter that when they are avail- pel in the neediest parts of the earth; able, it will be found that the Bap- for the conference of the Federation tists of eastern Europe are second in to be held in Constantinople, April numbers only to the churches in our 26-30; for the Oriental students studyown country.-Episcopal Recorder. ing in England and America, and for an increasing spirit of unity among Despair in Russia Christians everywhere.

The "numbness of despair" is the way the calm in Russian political and economic affairs has been characterized by one of the Constitutional- Democratic leaders in the Duma. As we pointed out last month, reaction is apparently still in full swing in

World Christian Student Conference A strong sentiment is developing on the Coast against this form of oriental The next conference of the W orId immigration, and organizations have Student Christian Federation is to be been formed to restrict, and, if posheld in Robert College, Constanti- sible, prevent the ingress of these Innople, April 26-30, 1911. Previous dians, who promise so little of advanconferences have been held in Wad- tage and so much of difficulty to the stena, Sweden, 1895; Williamstown, Pacific Coast States. Little can be Mass., 1897; Eisenach, Germany, said in favor of their coming, from the 1898; Versailles, France, 1900; Soro, civic and social point of view. Their Denmark, 1902; Zeist, Holland, 1905; habits, their intense caste feeling, their Tokyo, Japan, 1907, and Oxford, utter lack of home life-no women be- England, 1909. ing among them-and their effect upon standards of labor and wages, The conference will review the pro- all combine to sustain the position of gress of the Kingdom of God among those who seek to close the doors students throughout the world; there against this strange new stream of imwill be discussion of some of the most migration. The other problem conimportant problems of the various na- cerns the welfare of the thousands who tional Student Movements; the needs are already here. Shall we allow them of some of the most difficult fields to encyst themselves in our national will be considered, and opportunities body? Are they capable of being for effective work will be carefully westernized, Americanized, evangelstudied; the conference will also pro- ized? The new problem creates a new mote fellowship and cooperation in duty in civic and religious circles. service among the leaders in various nations; and much time will be set The Mexican Revolt Spread" apart for intercession on behalf of the work of Christ among students every- When a revolutionary force numwhere. bers into the thousands and holds at bay government troops well equipped Regulation of Immigration with small arms and field guns, there is evidently something on foot more The United States Government is serious than a petty uprising against coming to believe that the door may authority. Even the officially divulged be opened too wide, and that we may reports of the conflicts between govreceive immigrants faster than we can ernment troops and insurrectos in assimilate them. The Immigration Mexico reveal a serious situation. The Commission has made a thorough in- killed have numbered many scores, vestigation and has recommended (I) and the wounded have required spethat more immigrants be induced to cial trains; there is no evidence that settle in rural communities rather than the revolutionists have lost heart, grouping together in cities; (2) that while there is ample showing that the British East Indians be excluded, and Mexican authorities are not able to Chinese, Japanese and Korean immi- repeat their assurances of a few weeks gration be restricted. It is desirable ago that "order has been restored." that stricter laws be enforced, exclud- There may be a protracted and costly ing illiterate, pauper and criminal campaign before that boast may safely classes. be again proclaimed.

Five thousand Hindus entered the Doubtless, if General Diaz is spared port of San Francisco during the past for another year, he will triumph. But twelve months. They come to work meantime communications are interin lumber camps and on the railroads, rupted, travel is made unsafe in some and there are said to be three thou- sections, business development is hinsand in the Sacramento Valley of dered. and the bitterness toward California. Every steamer from the AmericanR iR accentuated. There are, Orient brings its contribution to this new element in our foreign problem.

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

we fear, decidedly disagreeable days previous year the amount was $363, ahead for the Mexican republic.-The 700; and year before last, $175,000.

C angre gatianalist. This marks a remarkable and a steady Mormonism To-day growth in giving. Next year the aim is to be to raise $450,000, to be fol- Some people seem to think that lowed the succeeding year by $500,- Mormonism is on the decline. How 000. That it will be accomplished we mistaken such an idea! Utah, twice have no doubt; the peopfe and their the area of Ohio, is the strongest Mor- money are at hand, and the people mon State. Idaho, Arizona, Nevada, are day by day becoming more willing New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming to part with money for Christ and are dotted here and there with large humanity's sake. The gifts of To- Mormon colonies; there are Mormon ronto Baptists, $60,877, have brought Churches in almost every State in the this denomination into the first place Union, and in Canada and Mexico. in the matter of average per member, There are about two thousand Mor- being $7.71. That is, more than two mon missionaries or "elders," as they dollars in excess of the next highest, style themselves, out on "missions" the Methodists, whose average was in our own country and in foreign $5.50, and the Presbyterians, $5.20.

lands. From one little Utah town of A Good Harvest in Cuba 1,600 inhabitants fourteen men have gone on missions during the last four Protestantism is advancing in Cuba. years. The Mormon Church assumes. From Ei Heraldo Evangelico, pubno part of their expenses, except their, lished in Cardenas, we learn that late return railroad expenses after they statistics from all Protestant denomihave been "honorably released from nations in the island show the followtheir mission." The Mormon elders ing facts about the work. Including depend on local people for food and the report of all denominations there lodging while on their missions. are 290 central and out-stations, 280 ministers and other workers, 11,000 Mormon "religion classes" are members, 2IO Sunday-schools with an taught in all the Mormon settlement enrollment of 8,800 pupils, 50 Young schools, but after regular school hours. People's Societies with 1,500 mem- The equipment of these Mormon bers, 50 day schools with 2,600 pupils, Church schools is usually the most 90 church buildings, 33 manses and 5 modern. No money is spared there. religious newspapers. Only since the If the Christian Church is to compete Spanish-American war has Protest- antism had a fair opportunity in this with those schools, we, too, must have remarkably productive and resourcemodern equipment and ev.ery facility ful country, so near to our own shores. for doing first class work.

In mission schools only, can the Mormon child get the Bible without OBITUARY NOTES the accompanying Mormon interpre- Dr. Gustav Warneck of Germany tation, which is as different from the conception of the evangelical Churches Dr. Gustav Warneck, of Germany, as day is from night. Mission schools one of the most eminent and famous are badly needed to counteract the authorities on missions in the world, Mormonism of to-day, which is even died on December 26th. His long and more subtle than that of twenty-five devoted service to the cause of foreign • years ago.-Home Mission Monthly. missions can scarcely be overestimated.

His best-known book in English is Toronto Churches Moving On "The History of Protestant Missions."

The Protestant churches of To- The Allegemeine Missions Zeitschrift, ronto, through the influence of the of which he was editor, is the leading Laymen's Missionary Movement, last scientific missionary magazine in the year gave $410,773 to missions. The world. Mis. Clara Swain death makes a wide gap in the mis- sionary circle. He has given forty- On Christmas morning, at her home four years to the foreign mission ill Castile, New York, there passed cause, and leaves a wife and four away Miss Clara Swain, M.D., the children. He was probably the last first woman physician ever sent out man living who remembered a personto the Orient by a missionary society. al meeting with Dr. Adoniram Judson. Dr. Swain went to India forty years ago, and was largely instrumental in Bishop Turner, of Korea breaking down the prejudice against woman medical missionaries and in We regret to announce the death of opening the zenanas of India to the Arthur Beresford Turner, Anglican GospeI. She visited many high-caste Bishop of Korea, on October 28. He women, and during her first year was educated at Marlborough and at prescribed for 1,300 patients. Hospi- Keble College, Oxford, and was ortals were erected as a result of her dained in 1887. He went out as a work, and indirectly it was the means missionary to Korea in I8g6, and in of establishing the 250 Lady Dufferin 1905 he became Bishop on the resignahospitals all over the land that care for tion of Bishop Corfe. During the five one and a half million patients annual- years of his episcopate there has been ly. Dr. Swain was born in 1834, and a great development of the Anglican gave twenty-seven years of her life to Mission in Korea. service in India. For her character and work the people of India will ever Rev. George Ensor, of Japan be greatly indebted. The first Church Missionary Society Dr. E. O. Stevens, of Burma missionary to Japan, Rev. George On November 251.h the Baptist Foreign Mission Society received a cable- Ensor, landed in Nagasaki, January gram announcing the death of Rev. E. O. Stevens, D.D., of Insein, Burma. 23, 1869. After four years of zealous Dr. Stevens was the son of Rev. E. A. Stevens, one of the early Baptist mis- work he returned to England an insionaries in Burma. In 1848, when but ten years of age, Dr. Stevens was valid. Thirty-seven years later, in baptized by his father at Moulmein, and in 185 I he came to America for 1<)09, this missionary decided to return education. and complete hmisonitnhtserwruapsteodblsigerevdicte~ In 1864 he was appointed a mission- but in fifteen ary under the Foreign Mission Society, and was designated to Prome, resign and died at sea, on July 13th, Burma. After marriage to Miss Harriet C. Mason,he sailed for Prome. 1910.

Dr. Stevens has devoted himself es- Dr. Charles A. Stanley, of China pecially to Burmese literary work, and recently the British and Foreign Bible By the death of Rev. Charles Society has published a portion of the Alfred Stanley, the North China Mis- New Testament in Pali. Dr. Stevens' sion of the American Board loses its faithful, careful literary service will senior member, who has labored in be sorely missed in Burma, and his China for forty-eight years. Dr. Stanley was born in Ohio, June 26, 1835, and sailed for China July I, 1862, by way of "the Cape." In 1878, the year of the great famine, he estab- lished relief work, and his family passed through the Tientsin massacre in 1870, and the Boxer rebellion in 1900.

THE MISSIONARY

THE TASK WORTH WHILE. By Rev. Henry Fatherhood of God, the Salvation of- fered by Jesus Christ and the work C. Mabie, D.D. 8vo, 343 pp. $1.25 net. of t~e Holy Spiri~. Christianity is de~c~lbed as t~e Ul11versal and unique' Griffith and Rowland Press, Philadel- religIon carryll1g with it the world obligation to service-an obligation phia. 1910. based on love, our Lord's command and example and the resources en- Dr. Mabie is a master of the phil- trusted to us. He then describes the osophy of missions. As a former mis- present conditions in the world and the sionary secretary, as a traveler and Church showing the present need and student and a lecturer on missions, opportunity. He discusses the special he has had unusual opportunities, and problems presented in non-Christian has a mind to grasp the fundamentals religions, in the number of forces at and to explain them. His theology is work in the field and in the differences sound, broad and uplifting. The care- ful study of such a book is a mis- in. th.eology and methods advocated by sionary education calculated to pro- miSSIOnarIes. Dr. Jones is true to the • duce missionaries and missionary ad- fundamentals of Christianity but is vocates. somewhat liberal in his theology. He advocates new methods to meet new The volume is made up of lectures conditions and holds up the ideal of a delivered at Baptist theological semi- naries, but are by no means dry the- self-suPP?rting, self-governing, self- oretical discussions; they are enliv- propagatll1g church seeking to reach ened by many stirring facts and inci- the ideal of a spiritually united church. dents from missionary history, such The present day triumphs of missions as those from the life of Pastor Hsi and the agencies at work are briefly and David Hill. set forth. The outlook is described as bright and promising. The statistical Dr. Mabie's line of argument that summaries are worthy of study. "Missions Are a Task Worth While," rightly begins with man's redemption These lectures do not present ma- and proceeds to show the providential terial ~ew to missionary students, but factors in missions, the evidences of they give a comprehensive view of the the plan of God,~the finality of Chris- basis, progress and future of Foreign tianity in religion, the achievements Missions that it would be well for of modern missions, the present "Ful- every young pastor to study. ness of Times" and the "Eternal now of the Missionary Campaign." THE VICTORY OF THE GOSPEL. A Survey of The arguments and facts marshalled World Evangelism. By J P. Lilley. by Dr. Mabie should make it impos- sible to hold out against the conclu- D.D. I2mO, 37I pp. The United Press sion that missionary work is the great- est work in the world. Philadelphia. 1910. '

THE MODERN MISSIONARY CHALLENGE. By We have already noted this volume published in the Missionary Series of Rev. J. P. Jones, D.D. 8vo, 316 pp. Morgan and Scott. Dr. George Smith c~lls it the. "most complete and persua- $r.so. Fleming H. Revell Co. 1910. sive treatIes on Foreign Mission to be found in the English or German Dr. Jones is one of the authorita- languages." This may be an extreme tive writers on India and its missions, statement but Dr. Lilley has, without having been for many years a mis- doubt, presented a forceful and com- sionary of the American Board in plete argument from the Bible from South India. His present contribu- history and from experience showing tion is a thoughtful study of the th~t .the Old Testament prepared for Present Day Missionary Enterprise- mISSIOns, the New Testament in- not only in India but in the world. augurated them, the history of the They are lectures delivered at Yale, Bangor and Oberlin. First, Dr. Jones considers the basis of missions in the Church has confined their impor- Forbes, as editor of the World's tance and power and individual ex- Work, visited Africa to see and re- perience reveals the necessity of mis- port on conditions-social, political, sionary activity for personal life and religious. His book is a report of his growth. We know of no better volume tour in north and west Africa. Most to form the basis for a symmetrical of the facts given are not new, but study of this subject for a mission there is spice and variety in the trav- study class or a series of addresses. eler's way of describing his experi- THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTENDOM. By Mrs. ences. After all, it is more of a nar- Ashley Carus-Wilson, B.A. I2mo, 338 rative of travel than a contribution to pp. 6s. Hodder & Stoughton, London, literature on Africa. His view of $I.75. George H. Doran, New York. missionary work is somewhat super- ficial but is entirely sympathetic, and 1910. his description of conditions must im- Here is an ably presented appeal to press a reader with the great need for the intelligent church-goer who is not honest government, uplifting com-· interested in the subject of Christian merce and true religious teachings in missions. The argument considers the this land of darkness.

purpose for which the Church was THE MOSLEM WORLD. A quarterly review founded, its motives and principles, of current thought and events among the and leads to the conclusion "mission- Mohammedans, and the progress of ary work ought to be done" or the Christian missions in Moslem lands. Church is a failure. Second, the his- Edited by Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D., tory of the Church is outlined to show F.R.G.S. 25 cents a copy. Published what has actually been accomplished for the Nile Mission Press by the Chris- tian Literature Society for India. 35 ami shows that "the work can be John St., Bedford Row, London, W. C., England. On Sale by Fleming H. Revell done." Third, the argument takes up Co., New York. 191 I. $1.00 a year. the present crisis of missions, and, showing the unique opportunities and necessities in the world, leads to the determination that the missionary The first number of The Moslem work which Christ commanded and World, January, 191 I, has appeared, empowered the Church to do shall and proves a most interesting and ably be done. edited review. The article on "Mos- Mrs. Carus-Wilson's argument is lems in Russia," with two excel- logical and powerful; it shows wide lent maps, by Mrs. S. Bobrovnikoff, is reading and mature thought. No read- full of valuable information, and er who is honest and loyal to Christ Marshall Broomhall's paper on "The can escape the conclusion reached by Mohammedan Population of China"

the author; the difficulty is that most gives a fresh and careful study of of this class, uninterested in missions, this little known subject. The notes do not care to become convinced and on "Present Day Movements in the interested-they fear the conse- Moslem World" will keep readers quences in the self-denial required, well informed on Islam and missions but they do not know the joy and to Moslems. Among the items of satisfaction they are missing. information in this number, we note THE LAND OF THE WHITE HELMET. By ( 1 ) the visit of Moslems from the Edgar Allen Forbes. Illustrated. i2mo, west to China, and the publication 356 pp. $1.50 nct. Fleming H. Revell of a Chinese Moslem quarterly, en- Co., New York. 1910. titled "Moslems, Awake!"; (2) the return to Islam of 50,000 Moslems A traveler in Africa or elsewhere who had been enrolled in the Greek usually sees what he goes to see, and Church. Since April 17, 1905, Mos- liis conclusions are tempered by his lems have been free to do as they like views of life and destiny. Mr. in Russia, but missions to Moslems are

J FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

only possible on a very minute scale; Egypt or Persia. This is justly called (3) in Turkey, the new leaders of a "neglected problem," and these the State seem to be only playing the people offer at the same time a great part of good Moslems for reasons of opportunity. They are, Mr. Broompolicy. Many of the Young Turks hall states, open to impression and may are free thinkers, and Christians have become a force in the evangelization helped to place them in power. The of their own people in China and elsenext few years may see great strides where. forward toward religious liberty, and the spread of Christianity in Turkey. We have here a careful investiga- tion along new lines-the first book We1come this new review. It on the subject in the English language. is borne into the world full grown and About seventy-five books and papers full of life and intelligence. have been the basis of investigation, and Mr. Broomhall has succeeded in THE CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK. Edited gathering a vast array of interesting facts that are of special interest to by D. MacGillivray. 12mo, 431 pp, with students of missions. He first de- scribes the history of Islam in China, statistics and appendices. $1.00, paper; the ancient traditions, inscriptions and monuments, and then in Part II deals $I.50, cloth. Christian Literature So- with the present-day conditions, social a,nd religious. To-day is a day to ciety, Shanghai, China. 1910. reach them, for already Moslems from the nearer East are forming This is the volume of "The Chris- plans to strengthen the bonds between tian Movement in China," and is an them. It is time that missionaries attempt to present the recent progress were designated especially for these of various missionary and related untouched Moslems in China. The movements in China and to give the body of the book is unusually readable history of" the various missions. A as well as valuable for study. Illusnumber of well-known authorities on trations, appendices on Literature and China, like Dr. Arthur H. Smith, con- Indices-chronological, biographical, tribute to the volume and help to make geographical and general-add much it a valuable compendium of things to the value of the book for reference. Chinese. Dr. Smith contributes the general survey, and others follow with JOHN; THE UNAFRAra. 16mo, 128 pages. chapters on National Movements, Government Schools, Educational 50 cents. A. C. McClurg & Co., Chi- Problems, The Chinese Church, The cago. 1910. Student Volunteer Movement in China, Evangelistic Work, Unoccu- The theology of this little parable pied Fields, the Y. M. C. A., and Y. is a mixture of Christianity, Deism, W. C. A. work, and other presenta- Eddyism, and Socialism. The spirit tions of the situation. The statistics of Christian service is here, but the are unusually complete; there is a di- salvation it teaches is a salvation by rectory of missionaries, a bibliography, works. The dead and fearful theoland many other features that make ogy that it opposes is untrue, bethe volume of unusual value for study cause imperfect, but the theology and reference. which it teaches is quite as false be- cause imperfect. The author makes ISLAM IN CHINA. By Marshall Broom- John to say: "If there be aught of unselfish Good within me, that is hall. III ustrated. 8vo, 332 pp. 7s. 6d. God . . . Every good wish is a prayer, and every good deed is an China Inland Mission, London. 1910. answer to prayer. . . . There is no sin save unkindness," etc. It is a It has been generally stated that pity that such a simple, helpful story there are 30,000,000 Moslems in shou]d be so iu]] of error. China, but Mr. Broomhall gives good reasons for putting the figures at 10,- ooo–a goodly reduction at one stroke of the pen! Still these number more than the inhabitants of Arabia or VVHO'S WHO IN MISSIONS. By Belle M. MELANESIAI<S AND POLYNESIANS. Their Brain. The Sunday School Times Co., Life-Histories Described and Compared. Philadelphia. 1910. By George Brown, D.D. 451 pp, 12S., This is something unique in games net. Macmillan Company, New York.

-a missionary educational scheme THE OLD NORTH TRAIL: or Life, Legends that should prove popular and helpful and Religion of the Blackfeet Indians. in Sunday-schools, Junior Societies By Walter McClintock. 539 pp, ISS., net. and home circles. Portraits of mis- Macmillan Company, New York. si.onaries, dates and notable fads in their lives are found on each card. :IGERIAN STUDIES: or, The Religious and with a map of the world on the back. Political System of the Yoruba. By R Any child that can recite these facts E. Dennitt. 235 pp, 88. 6d., net. Macwill have a liberal missionary educa- millan Company, New York. tion. These cbaracters are worth knowing, ane! the mere reading of the THE ARMENIAN C!lURCH, 13y Archdeacon Cjt1estions should stimulate an interest Dowling, D.D. 160 pp, 35. 6(. S. P. C. to read toe life-~tories of these heroes K., London. and hero·hies. PIONEER CHURCH VOl<K IN BIUTISH Co- NEW BOOKS LUMBIA, being a Memoir of the EPIS- copate of Acton Windeyer Sillitoe, First STUDIES IN CHINESE RELIGION. By E. H. Bishop of l'ew Westminster. By the Parker. 8vo, $3. E. P. Dutton & Co., Rev. H. Gowell. 232 pp, 3s. 6d., net. New York. Mowbray, London.

IN THE LAND OF THE LAMAS. By Edward JOHN BARTON. By Cecil Barton. Preface Amundsen. IIhlstrated. 35. 6d. Mar- by the Bishop of Durham. 167 pp, 3s. shall Bros., London. 6d. Hodder & Stoughton, London.

SHANS AT HOME. By Mrs. Leslie Milne. FROM HAUSALAND TO EGYPT, THROUGH THE 289 pp. ISS. net. Murray, London. SUDAN. By Karl Kumm, Ph.D. Illus- trated, 8vo, 3z4 pp. 165., net. Constable WITH CHRIST IN RUSSIA. By Robert Sloan & Co" Ltd" London, Orange St., W. C. Latimer. ZS. 6d. Hodder & Stough- ton, London. rRO~1 JAPAN TO JERUSALEM. By the Right Hev. E. Graham Ingham, D.D. Illus- CHURCH WORK VITH Boys. By William trated, 8vo, 232 pp. 25. 6d., net. Church Byron Forbush. 12 mo. The Pilgrim Missionary Society, London, Salisbury Press, New York. Square, E. C.

VIHTMAN'S RUlE THROUGH SAVAGE LANDS. br KALI'S COUNTRY. Tales from Sunny ily O. W. Nixon. 186 pp. 35 cents. India. ily Emily T. Sheets. Illustrated, 'IV estminster Press, Ohio Building, Chi- I2mo, 208 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. cago. Revell Co., New York.

IN THE PALE. Stories and Legends of THE FRUITS OF THE TREE. By William Jen- Jews ill Russia, contailling "Czar Nicho- nings Bryan. I6mo, 61 pp. 35 cents, net. las I and Sir Moses Montefiore," "The Fleming H. Revell Co., N ew York. Czar in Rothschild's Castle," "The Le- gend of the Ten Lost Tribes," and other THE EFFICIENT LAYMAN: or, The Re- tales. ligious Training of Men. By Henry Frederick Cope. $1.00, rzet. I2mo, 244 THE FINAL FAITH. By W. Douglas Mac- pp. Griffith & Rowland Press, Phila- kenzie, D.D. 8vo, 243 pp. A Melrose, delphia. London. 6s., net. MISSIONS AND MODERN THOUGHT. By Wil- THE PAST AND PROSPECTIVE EXTENSION OF liam Owen Carver, M.D., Th.D. I2mo, THE GOSPEL OF MISSIONS TO THE 324 pp. $1.50, lIet. Macmiilan Company, New York. HEATHEN. By Anthony Grant. 270 pp. In paper cover, IS., net; cloth, IS. 6d., net. THE SIGNS OF THE TIMES. By I. M. Halde- S. P. G., London. man, D.D. I2mo, 455 pp. $1.50, net. KHONT-HoN-NoFER. Through the Lands Charles C. Cook, New York, ISO Nassau of Ethiopia. By H. K. Kumm, Ph.D. Street. 1911. lIIustrated. Price 65. Marshall Bros., London.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1910

WORLD'S MISSIONARY CONFERENCE IN

Lord Balfour is in the chair. On his right are Sir Andrew Fraser and John R. Mott, and on his left, Hon. Seth Low and Lord Reay~ In front a.re seated the members of the business committee. with Rev. George Robson, as chairman; Arthur J. Brown, vice-chairman, and J. H. Oldham, secretary

of the World Published by Funk and Wagnalh:c Company (Isaac K. Funk4!:.~sE.~3rSt~~~::,I~~~ice-Pre8., Robert 1. Cuddihy, Treas" Robert Scott, Sec·""

~Or.. XXXIII. No.9 SEPTEMBER, 1910 VOL. XXIII. No.9 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES ROMAN CATHOLICISM LOSING Almost one hundred thousand Roman GROUND IN EUROPE Catholic Poles have announced their separation from the Roman Catholic German religious papers bring the Church, and have founded a new denews of Rome's continually increasing nomination called the Church of the losses upon the continent of Europe. Followers of Mary (Mariawiten .In Germany a surprizing large num- Kirche) . They have a considerable Ger of Roman Catholic priests have number of beautiful churches, large entered the Protestant ranks recently. parsonages, and well-kept cemeteries. Six priests of the diocese of Breslau, The members of the new sect are Silesia, have resigned their offices scattered over the whole country, tho lately and avowcd their purpose of be- their largest numbers are found in coming followers of Luther, and one the big cities, especially in Warsaw of the six is preparing for the minis- and Lodz. It is to be regretted, howtry. The now well-known Thaddeus ever, that the new sect has simply gone Engert, D.D., ane! two other ex-priests from Roman Catholicism into a peof Bavaria, are also studying evan- culiar heresy, because it was started gelical theology, while in Budapest, by Maria Felicia Koslowska, who Hungary, the Lutheran Bishop Scholz claimed to be the representative of ordained two ex-priests a short timc Mary, the "holy" mother of Jesus ago. The famons Roman Catholic upon earth. She stated that some of theologian, Hugo Koch, of Brauns- the divine gifts of the mother of God berg, has published a book entitled had been transferred to her, so that "Cyprian and the Romish Primate" as salvation had now become dependent one of the volumes of Harnack's series on her, and she had been transformed of "Studies in Ecclesiastical History." into the mediator between heaven and It deals with the matter according to earth. A certain Bishop Koswalski the recognized results of historical in- has joined Mary Koslowska, and both vestigation, which are in sharp con- are actively working for a movement trast with the standpoint taken by to lead the Roman Catholic people Roman Catholic authorities in general, away from the l'ope and, as they exso that our readers will not be sur- press it, under the direct rule of the prized to hear that Professor Koch Lord Jesus Christ. In spite of the will no longer occupy the position of fact that the followers of the new a Roman Catholic professor of faith are forced to acknowledge the theology. rule of a woman instead of that of the Pope, the numbers of the Followers In Russian Poland a peculiar Losvon-Rome movement has been started. of Mary are rapidly increasing unto the least the Government has been able the weakening of popery in Russian to do is to grant freedom of worship. Poland, tho not unto the strengthening It is said that the new Premier would of the Protestant forces. not, at his election in June, consent to take office without the assurance from SPAIN AND THE PAPACY the King that there should be this ecclesiastical reform. The Concordat Spain has been one of the most of 185 I made the Catholic Church the backward countries of Europe to cast State Church, and provided state off the fetters of the Papacy, perhaps support for it, protecting Episcopal the more so as once this country was rights and religious orders by law. the right arm of the Romish power in The royal decree of May 3I directeJ the Inquisition. But a new era has the dissolution of all such orders as dawned, and the conflict now is grow- were not authorized by this Concordat, ing hot; King Alfonso has signed the and a second decree removed the most decree limiting the nu,mber of relig- humiliating restrictions from nonious societies and giving all denom- Catholics, permitting them to place inations an equal legal status, which, religious emblems on their places of of course, the clerical party denounce worship, etc. If we may judge at this as a violation of the state constitution. time of the inception of this new move- Senor Canalejas, the Premier, firmly ment we should regard it as the inevitdeclares that Spain's power to regu- able outcome of the progressive and late her own affairs must be wholly tolerant spirit. independent of foreign control. Later, he intimated that the Vatican has con- PORTUGAL AND THE PAPACY sented to negotiate the matters at issue on the basis of state control. Whether One by one the countries of Europe this is the dawn of religious liberty or are shaking off their bondage to the the triumph of religious indifferentism Pope. In Spain and Portugal the and atheism, it is too soon to deter- papacy has maintained a remnant of mine. We incline to think that it is the former supremacy which enabled simply the break of day; that the the pope to dictate policies and progrowing sentiment of the world in cedures to the kings of Europe and favor of liberty, civil and religious, could compel a monarch to come barehas found, even in Spain, a lodgment, footed to ask forgiveness from the and that this most conservative of head of the Roman Church. Italy, papal countries can not evade the Germany, France and Austria have Issue. The status of non-Catholics repudiated the Pope's and his carhas long been in Spain an occasion of dinals' right to interfere in their naloud remonstrances. Not only Prot- tional affairs and have proclaimed reestants and the more advanced of the ligious liberty, including the right of nominal Roman Catholics, but the propaganda. The Pope has "with- Liberal press have been clamoring for drawn" certain statements in the religious toleration and equality. Borromeoan Encyclical because they Bibles have been openly sold in the have given offense to Protestants in streets and bought even by priests. Saxony. Thus he confesses to his Free-thinking has remonstrated, and

19IO] SIGNS OF THE

fallibility. Spain and Portugal have 1920, (4) to promote intercourse be- maintained representatives at the tween missionaries and societies of court of St. Peter and have denied all various denominations, (5) to work but Roman Catholics the right to for closer cooperation and conference, worship and preach freely and with (6) to forward the plan for a per- the sanction of the State. Finally, manent interdenominational and in- these two countries have taken steps ternational committee, (7) to suggest in favor of liberty. In Portugal a such special committees as may be royal decree was recently published needed.

censuring the irregular conduct of the This Continuation Committee, with Archbishop of Braga in issuing an its chairman, Dr. John R. Mott, is al- order from the Vatican regarding the ready planning to secure the formation suppression of a Franciscan review. of a committee which can be the me- The decree also states that the Govern- dium of communication between mis- ment of Portugal intends to safeguard sionary societies and governments in the prerogatives of the crown, and de- matters of common interest. Nine clares that it is "illegal to execute de- special committees have also been ap- cisions that have not been accepted pointed to investigate and report on by the Government." the following subjects: (I) What There is no cause for satisfaction fields now can loudest for reenforce- when national governments become ments and special efforts, and how more avowedly independent of God may the unoccupied fields be most and religion, but there is hope for re- speedily occupied? (2) The most ef- ligious freedom when they shake off fective course of study for the training man-made fetters and make it possible of missionaries. (3) The develop- for evangelical Christians to preach ment of special union training schools and live according to the dictates of at home or in mission fields. (4) The God and of conscience. ideals for Christian education in the THE OUTCOME OF THE WORLD mission fields, the value of higher edu- CONFERENCE cation in Christian work. (5) The development of Christian literature in One of the dominant notes of the the vernaculars. (6) The securing of Edinburgh Conference was the desire uniformity in statistical returns. (7) for more unity and closer cooperation An international committee of jurists among missionary workers of all to formulate the principles underlying Protestant denominations. The Con- the relation of missions to govern- tinuation Committee, numbering thirty- ments. (8) The promotion of mis- five representatives from the leading sionary interest through the secular Protestant denominations and the press. (9) the advisability of pub- principal countries of the world, has lishing the evidence received by the been formed to carryon the work of commission on the "missionary mes- the conference as follows: (I) To sage."

maintain the idea of coordinating This last subject refers to the evi- missionary work, (2) to carryon fur- dence not printed in the report-much ther work of investigation, (3) to of which refers to the damaging effect plan for the next world conference in of destructive criticism and lax

theology among missionaries on tRe RESULTS OF THE LAYMEN'S CAMfield. PAIGN It is devoutly hoped that this Con- Letters have been received from all tinuation Committee will be divinely over the United States, from all of guided in their work and will be the seventy-five cities in which the enabled to suggest policies and take Laymen's 11 issionary Movement held steps which will hasten the establish- their conventions, from ministers and ment of the Kingdom of God. laymen, testifying not only to t:1C in- creased general interest in world-wide FEDERATION AND ITS RISKS missions, but piling up testimony upon testimony of the renewed interest in If any development decidedly marks all missionary and philanthropic work our day it is federation. Dissevered at home. Beyond this, many pastors, bodies are becoming united, and church officers and laymen are testifyexcised branches grafted in again to ing that as a direct result of the contheir old olive-tree. All this is a real ferences there has been a renewed regain, so far as it is a realization of the ligious awakening, increased spiritual noble motto, "In essentials, unity; in activity, and universally a willing and non-essentials, liberty; in all things, voluntary increase in benevolences. charity." If it means small and dissentient bodies of controversialists One manifest lesson of the present merged into large and consentient missionary campaign is the ease with bodies of cooperators and harmonious which God's work may be done when believers; if it saves time, strength and men really understand it with devomoney previously wasted in firing tion and purpose, and the readiness of guns in debate and dissension, anel in men to respond to a worthy challenge. overlapping activity on the same field, ['.'fen like the large, the heroic, the sacwith new amity and comity in all true rificial. No libel is more deadly and work; if federation means this, who deadening than the current view that will not gladly welcome it? men will not give themselves to relig- ious work. Scores, if not hundreds of But dangers lurk even in union, thousands, of men have thrown themwhenever it leads to boastful confidence selves into this service with an abanin mere numerical strength, which don that is equaled in history only by often proves rather weakness; and, the experience of the Crusaders, or by when it opens the way for that official the high resolve with which men have corruption which seems especially the ever faced a supreme moral crisis. bane of colossal organizations. Few men can be entrusted with power. To Another lesson is that of leadership have control of large bodies is a bait and organization. Things do not hapto both avarice and ambition; and pen in the Kingdom of God any more somehow, whatever be our philosophy, than in other kingdoms. There is no it is a lamentable fact that, with size warrant of Scripture or of sense for comes too often the vice of malad- the idea that the Kingdom will ministration and irresponsibility. But, "grow" like Topsy. The world everymost of all, does federation risk fidelity where and in everything waits for and to the truth, tending to sacrifice loyalty upon leadership. This campaign has to vital doctrine for the sake of out- been possible because men were wiIlward union.

SIGNS OF THE

ing to give their ability in leader- was slender hope for completing this ship and organization, subordinating reform, "unless England stops the themselves to the domination of Him flooding of the Chinese ports with who calls men into partnership with opium from India."

Himself, and who by His blessing REVIVAL AT LUSHAI makes even five loaves and two fishes feed uncounted thousands. There are solid signs that the Mas- The work is but in the initial stage. ter's kingclom is extending and deep- The past and the present must be con- ening in Lushai. Several young served to save the future. The Lay- Lushais have gone outside their own men's Missionary Jlovement under country to preach the gospel.

which these primary results have been Four young Christians have just registered must recognize the impera- gone to Burma to tell the good news tive of the obligation thereby imposed. to the Pawis, a powerful tribe who It will not do to lessen interest, to used to be bitter enemies of the abridge service, to millify effort, to Lushais. About twenty-four years economize expression. Vhat has been ago, it is said., that the Pawis killed accomplished has been under the lead from 700 to 1,000 Ll1shais who crossed of an agency able to secure the united over the boundary during a time of action of the Church. The strength famine.

and force of interdenominational union The number of Christians in some has been overpoweringly demon- of the villages of Lushai is increasing strated, as it has been in other phases steadily. We heard a few days ago of concerted Christian a~tion. that in one village there are now 70 CHINA'S TOUCHING APPEAL Christians; in others a wave of re- vival has been felt. On this last tour The Chinese ambassador to the to the villages 141 were baptized.

Christian people of England appealed Over 70 young men have come to us at the annual meeting of the Society at Aijal from many parts of Lushai, for the Suppression of the Opium begging to be taken on as school- Trade. He said there was no donbt in boys "to learn God's Word" and to his mind that the rulers of the Chinese extend His kingdom. One day two Empire were in earnest in their desire came. One of them told us he had to remove this curse from their midst. come four days' journey purposely to There was a growing sentiment in ask to be taken on as a schoolboy. We favor of its total abolition, even in the are anxious that these schoolboys may provinces that were most remote from learn of the Master Himself how to Peking. It was satisfactory to know win souls.

that, from the throne downward, the A second Lushai chief has freed his Chinese Empire was determined to re- slaves in the name of the Lord Jesus.

move the stigma which had so long He has a bitter trial just now. Like rested on her name and injured her many of the chiefs, he has two wives.

reputation in the eyes of Europe. Since he became a Christian he has A group of Chinese students from to put away one. He is anxious for London University seconded their am- us to pray for him. He says the Lord bassador's appeal, maintaining there will help him to suffer.

AN ANTI-CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN were instructed in the ceremonies KOREA which form a part of Mohammedan worship, learned how to prostrate The Japan Post calls attention to themselves and how to rise again, but the fact that the attacks of Japanese of the religion itself they learned papers upon the missionaries as oppo- nothing. The mollahs (priests) told nents of Japanese rule in Korea still them that the head of Islam upon the continue, and are now aided by an anti- earth rules in Constantinople, to which Christian movement organized by city all white rulers of the earth come Koreans. A sect has been formed to pay him homage. One day this whose saint is Tangun, the mythical mighty ruler will force the white races founder of the Korean Empire. Its to release the brown followers of Moleader is a certain La Insa, whose hammed. Thus they were taught that name was mentioned a few years ago the acceptance of Islam by brown men as that of one of the participants in the means final national liberty and glory, attempt to murder the former secre- and gladly they accepteu its tenets. tary of war, Kuron Chung-Lyan. Its The pilgrimage to Mecca is undermembership is about 1,500 men, who taken by large numbers of these Moconsider the spread of Christianity hammedan Malays on account of the dangerous to the national life of honors which it brings. During it Korea. Korean papers, however, pay they are plundered and robbed by little attention to this movement, sta- Arabs and priests, but they will enting that a similar movement was joy almost divine honors after their started in Japan when Christianity return. Their brethren will drink the first began to spread, but was soon water in which these pilgrims wash abandoned. themselves, will eat the crumbs which they drop upon the ground, and wiII ISLAM IN THE DUTCH EAST INDIES humbly kiss their feet, hoping thus to share to some extent their holiness. Islam is strong and mighty among the Malays, which form the chief part Many years the Dutch Government of the popUlation of the Dutch East favored the spread of Islam among Indies, and a proportion of these Mo- the Malays of the Dutch East Indies. hammedan Malays larger than that of bl1t at last it recognized its mistake, any other people enters upon the pil- and now it favors the work of the grimage to the tomb of the prophet at Christian missionaries everywhere, Mecca. It is true that these pilgrims and Christianity is spreading among know little of the religion whicl) they the heathen inhabitants of the Dl1tch have espoused. When they accepted East Indies and also among the Moit, a lemon was squeezed above their hammedan Malays. The number of heads in token of the new relation- native Christians upon Sumatra alone ship entered into. They learned the is said to be 90,000, and of these formula, "Allah is great and Mo- several thousand are converts from hammed is his prophet," the first part Mohammedanism, while it is estimated of the Koran, the blessing of the that in the whole Dutch East Indies prophet, and a number of other say- 25,000 Malays were converted from ings, but all in the Arabic language, Islam during this generation. which they do not understand. They

FREE CHURCH ASSEl.{BL,, HALL"

THE EDINBURGH MISSIONARY CONFERENCE BY DELAVAN LEONARD PIERSON It is the policy of the enemy to di- engaged in the campaign than the vide the forces of the great King. It sense of unity in the service of a COI11is the prayer of Christ that His peo- man Lord, and of absolute dependence ple may be united in aim, in spirit, in on the leadership and power of the One their work of winning the world to Spirit. The purpose of the Conference Him as Savior and Lord. Thus the was to emphasize this essential unity World Missionary Conference which and to bring about greater harmony, met in Edinburgh June 14th to 23d, closer cooperation, and increased efficiwas in harmony with the 'prayer of ency among the various cohorts of the Jesus Christ, anel marks an important King's army. epoch in the missionary campaign. It was a great Conference in point This was a great Conference. It of numbers. Twelve hundred regiswas great in its purpose. No work tered delegates came from the ends of could be greater than that of carrying the earth, Great Britain and Ireland, out the great commission of the Son Europe, America, Africa, Asia, Ausof God and Savior of men. No ideal tralia and the Islands of the sea, to disis more inspiring than that of bringing cuss these great problems of .worldall men into harmony with the will of wiJe c·:mgelization. There were as God to save them from the present many fl. :' r',' ":'loffi<:ial delegates, misand eternal power of sin. No need is sionaries, wives t:. f delegates and other more pressing among the Christians visitors beside the generous hosts and

hostesses of Edinburgh and the vicin- every non-Christian mission-field, met ity, all of whom helped to swell the together for a common purpose. There numbers of those who eagerly sought were Christians of every race and color, admission each day to the three large converts from the great non-Christian halls in which the meetings were held. religions-Hebrew, Hindu, Moslem, It was a great Conference because Confucian, Buddhist, Shinto, Animist, all met togcther in the namc of a com- mon Lord, and in the interest of His work.

It was a great Conference in its per- sonnel. Seldom, if ever, have so many prominent leaders, from so many lands, creeds, callings, social and po- litical walks in life, met together with a common great purpose. There were men like the Archbishop of Canter- bury, from the highest ecclesiastical circles of the Church of England, side by side with native Christians, like Thang Khau, from the hill tribes of Assam. There were members of the nobility like Lord Balfour of Burleigh, on friendly equality with those whose only claim to distinction was their kin- ship to Christ. There were political leaders from America like Seth Low and William Jennings Bryan, and re- REV. K. C. CHATTER][, D.D. ligious leaders and writers of world- Indian member of the Continuation Committee wide renown-men like John R. Matt, of its representative character. Every the efficient chairman of the Conferbranch of the Protestant Christian ence; Robert E. Speer and James L. Church actually engaged, to any con- Bal ton. Then there were the honored siderable extent, in world-wide evan- missionaries like Dr. John Ross, of gelization sent leading missIonary Manchuria; Dr. Timothy Richard, of workers from the home and foreign Shanghai; Sydney Gulick, of Japan; fields to contribute to the wisdom of Samuel Moffat, of Korea; Bishop the Conference, and to carry back to Qldham, of Malaysia; Bishop Tho- burn, of India; Archdeacon Walker, of their work larger sympathy, higher Uganda, and Samuel M. Zwemer, of ideals, better methods and increased Arabia. There were well-known and inspiration. The Church of England, greatly honored continentals -men high and low, friars and laymen, the like Dr. Julius Richter, Johannes Lep- Methodists, Baptists, Congregational- sius and Johannes vVarneck. There ists, Presbyterians, Moravians, Breth- were Christian leaders from non- ren and numberless other sects and Christian races-like Dr. Chatterji, of societies from every Christian land and India; Bishop Honda, of Japan, the

THE EDINBURGH MISSIONARY

ex-minister of education from Korea, in English on the part of Germans, as well as others from China and Swiss, French, Dutch, Danish, Scan- Africa. Women leaders also had dinavian, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, their place on the platform and com- Burmese and Hindu were especially mi ttees. remarkable. Some of the speeches were impassioned, many were powerful, all The Conference was great in its organisation and management. It was JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D. no small task to entertain twelve hundred or more delegates and friends, to Chai rman of the Confe re nce, an d of fhe Continuaprovide "stewards"–or ushers-in three halls, for two or three meetings tion Committee . each day, to print and distribute ti ckets of admission to delegates and clamor- were courteous and showed a loyalty ing multitudes, to furnish hand-books, to Christ and a desire to work harto edit, print and distribute a daily moniously for the advancement of His Conference paper, to care for letters Kingdom. and circulars, private conferences, daily luncheons and teas-all without The Conference was great in its friction, confusion or delay. Great promise and its possibilities . If nothcredit is especially due to Dr. John ing more were gained than the meet- ing face to face of these leaders of va- Robson and J. H. Oldham, chairman riolls denominations, it would have been worthwhile. The coming toand secretary respectively of the busi- gether in friendly spirit has broadness committee, and to Dr. John R. ened our sympathies and has enabled Matt, chairman of the Conference. those with varying opinions to see each The meetings were opened and closed others' viewpoints. The frank and on time, speakers were kept strictly to free expression of opinion has clea red their limits, crowds were handled courteously in spite of the great demand for tickets. It was a rare sight to see the crowds eager to pay fifty cents each for tickets to missionary meetings.

It was a great Conference in the spirit and power of the speeches. Probably never before was there a more remarkable series of short, pointed speeches. During the Conference in Assembly Hall there were over three hundred seven-minute speeches and three times as many more cards were sent into the chairman from those who desired an opportunity. Few speakers were verbose, most of them had something definite to say and spoke earnestly and to the point. The command of language and clearness of expression

the air and should make closer coop- The Continuation Committee eration possible. Some of the delegates -notably those from the "high Church But the possibilities of the Conferparty" of the Church of Englancl- ence are to be reckoned by the inhave been subjected to severe criticism fluence of the delegates in thei r own by their brethren for attending such a churches and societies and missions. conference at all; some delegates re- Only as they carry back spiritual gretted the expression by a few speak- power and unity of purpose to their ers of a desire for closer cooperation work, can the effects of the Conferwith the Church of Rome-even unre- ence be extended and continued. The formed-or the evidence of too great greatest sign of promise for lasting resympathy with "higher criticism" by sults and further progress is perhaps others, or too Iowa standard by a few in the appointment of the Continuation educators as to the necessity for Committee. This group of 35 leaders preaching a simple Gospel message, includes ten from America, ten from but, on the whole, the Conference the British Isles, ten from the Contishowed its sympathy with spiritual nent of Europe, and one each from aims and methods, and the speakers Africa, India, China, Australia and most applauded were those who stood Japan. The chairman is John R. Matt. most loyally for the deity of Christ, the authority of the Bible, and the and the secretary J. H. Oldham. The straightforward preaching of the Gaspe. members from America are Dr. T. S. Barbour, of the Baptist Foreign Mis- sion Society; Dr. James L. Barton, of the American Board ; Dr. Arthur J.

SYNOD HALL.. EDINBURGH

1 0 ] THE EDINBURGH MISSIONARY CONFERENCE 65

INTERIOR OF SYNOD H AL L ~ EDI NBUR GH Brown, of the Presbyterian Board; ning, of Holland; Count Moltke, of President John F. Goucher, of Baltimore; Bishop W. R . Lambert, of the Denmark; Missions Director Musta- Methodist Board (South); Mr. Silas McBee, of the Churchman; John R. kallio, of Finland, and Bishop Tottie, Mott, N. W. Rowell, Esq., of Toronto; Rev. Canon Tucker, of the Church of of Sweden. The other members are England in Canada, and Rev. Charles R. Watson, of the United :Presby- Prof. Marais, of South Africa; the terian Board of Missions. Bishop of Gippsland, from Australia; The members from Great Britain are Sir Andrew Fraser, Dr. H. T. Bishop Honda, of Japan; Mr. Cheng Hodgkin, of the Society of Friends; Mrs. Creighton and the Bishop of Chung-Ye, of China, and Dr. Chat- Southwark, of the S. P. G.; Dr. Eugene Stock, of the C. M. S.; Dr. terji, of India. This committee has George Robson, of the United Free Church of Scotland; G. W. McAlpine, power to appoint its own officers and Esq., Rev. J. N. Ogilvie, of the Estab- tt' fill vacancies. lished Church of Scotland; Rev. J. H. The carrying forward to fruition Ritson, of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and Dr. R. Wardlaw of the ideals and suggestions of the Thompson, of the London Missionary Conference as to comity, cooperation, Society. The members from the Continent future conferences, harmonious solu- are Prof. Haussleiter, Dr. Hennig, tion of problems and united action in Herr Wiirz, and Dr. Julius Richter, of Germany; Dr. Boegner, of France; In- such matters as relate to home and .spector Dahle, of Norway; Dr. Gun- foreign governments is left in the hands of this continuation committee.

Its responsibilities are heavy, its op- portunities are great. May God guide its deliberations. .

The Daily Proll'ram The main subjects for discussion at the Conference were the reports of the eight commissions which had been pre- pa red and distributed in advance to each delegate. After a fifteen-minute

devotional service at 9 :45 A.M'J the thoroughness in bringing the gospel to chairman of a commission was given these awakening nations.

twenty minutes to present his re- (3) The time has come when the port at the beginning of the day set Church should enter fields thus far un- aside for that report. Then followed occupied-Tibet, the Sudan, Afghanis- brief, bright, telling seven-minute tan, Central Asia, Central Arabia. If speeches by members of the Confer- the time is not at hand, when is it ence, criticizing, commending, extend- coming?

ing the reports. Finally, at the close (4) If the present situation in the of the afternoon session, the chairman world field is to be met, there must or one of the other members of the be united planning and concerted ef- commission closed the discussion. In fort by all the evangelical forces of the midst of the morning session was Christendom. The united adoption of a half-hour of intercession-Qne of the well-considered plans on the part of most impressive features of the Con- societies represented in this Con- ference. The evenings in Assembly ference would be more than equivalent Hall were devoted to general addresses to the doubling of the present mission- by well-known leaders on such topics ary staff in the field.

as "The Sufficiency of God," "Christ (5) The task before us will not be the Leader of Missionary Work of the achieved without a great increase of Church," and "Christianity the vinal the native forces on the mission field- and Universal Religion." the task is not a European or an The Distribution of forces American task, but is Asiatic and Af- rican. There must be an heroic in- The chairman of Commission I, Dr. crease in native workers.

John R. Mott, gave the following out" (6) There has been a great unani- standing convictions and impressions mity in the emphasis with which mis- as a result of the study of the subject, sionaries and native leaders have ex- "The Carrying of the Gospel into All prest the conviction that the crucial the World": problem is the state of the Church at (I) The vastness of the task of home. There must be a great expan- evangelizing the world-its variety sion of the vitality and selhacrificing and difficulties. The great importance spirit of the Church at home, if there of looking at the whole world as a is to be greater success in foreign unit. fields.

(2) The time is actually at hand when the Christian Church should be- The evangelization of Africa presents stir itself to greater efforts in coun- great problems. The great characteristries where it is already working. The tics of the continent are its large area stupendous changes in these nations and widely scattered population; its many make it important that we should in- languages and dialects-sometimes as many as four in a radius of one hundred miles; fluence them while they are plastic- its political complications due to French before antagonists and evil influences and Portuguese and Spanish hostility to gain control, while there is a respect Protestant missions, and the encouragement and keen desire for Western learning. given by the British Government to Islam There is need of promptness and rather than to Christianity in Egypt and the Sudan. Pagan Africa is becoming Moslem

LEADERS OF THE EDINBURGH MISSIONARY

(See other side for names of officers and copyright notice) Edinburgh, Scotland, June 14 to 23, 1910 President Tile Right Han. Lord Balfour, of Burleigh, K. T.

Vice-Presidents The Right Hall. Lord Reay, Sir John Kennaway, Sir Andrew H. L. Fraser British Executive Committee The Master of Polwarth and Duncan McLaren, Esq ……………….. Joint-Chairmen Mr. ]. H. Oldham, M.A., and Kenneth McLennan ………………………. Secretaries American Executive Committee Rev. Arthur]. Brown, D.D…………………………………………… Chairman Rev. Henry Carroll, LL.D., and Wm. Henry Grant, Esq …………………. Secretaries Continental Executive Committee Bishop Benjamin La Trobe ………………………………………….. Chairman Rev. Julius Richter, D.D……………………………………………… Secretary The Commissions 1. Carrying the Gospel unto all the N on-Christian World.

Mr. John R. Mott, LL.D., ………………………………….. Chairman Rev. George Robson, D.D., and Rev. Julius Richter, D.D……… Vice-Chairmen II. The Native Church and Its Workers. Rev. J. C. Gibson, D.D………………………………………. Chairman Bishop Walter R. Lambuth, D.D………………………….. Vice-Chairman III. Education in Relation to the Christianization of National Life. The Bishop of Birmingham ………………………………….. Chairman Prof. Ed·,vard C. Moore. D.D…………………………….. Vice-Chairman IV. The Missionary Message in Relation to Non-Christian Religions. Prof. D. S. Cairns, D.D……………………………………… Chairman Robert E. Speer, M.A., D.D……………………………… Vice-Chairman V. The Preparation of Missionaries. President W. Douglas Mackenzie, D.D…………………………. Chairman Prof. J. O. F. Murray, D.D……………………………… Vice-Chairman VI. The Home Base of Missions. Rev. James L. Barton, D.D…………………………………. .. Chairman Herr Frederick Wurtz, G. W. MacAlpine, and Rev. J. P. Maud … Vice-Chairmen VII. Relation of Missions to Governments. Lord Balfour ……………………………………………… Chairman Hon. Seth Low ……………………………………….. Vice-Chairman VIII. Cooperation am! Unity. Sir Andrew H. L. Fraser, LL.D………………………………. Chairman Mr. Silas McBee ………………………………………. Vice-Chairman Chairman of the Conference JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D.

Recording Clerks Rev. ]. H. RITSON and N. W. ROWELL, K.C.

PORTRAITS IN THE FRONTISPIECE (I) Lord Balfour"; (2) Hon. Seth Low; (3) Bishop Walter R. Lambuth, D.D.; (4) Bishop La Trobe'; (5) Dr. Eugene Stock; (6) Rev. Harlan P. Beach, D.D.; (7) Rev. James L. Barton, D.D.; (8) Dr. Julius Richter; (g) Rev. ]. Campbell Gibson, D.D.'; (TO) Rev. Arthur J. Brown, D.D.; (II) Rev. H. K. Carroll, LL.D.; (12) Hon. Duncan McLaren"; (13) Mr. J. H. Oldham; (14) Mr. John W. Wood; (IS) Mornay Williams, Esq.; (16) Sir Andrew Fraser'; (17) Rev. R. Wardlaw Thompson, D.D.; (18) Hon. S. B. Capen, LL.D.; (Ig) Wm. J. Scheiffelin, Ph.D.; (20) Rev. Professor George Owen; (21) Rev. Professor n. S. Cairn.'

1 Copyright by Elliott & Fry. • Photograph from Lafayette, London. • Photograph from Alex. Ayton, Edinburgh. 'Photograph by Hardie, Aberdeen. more rapidly than it is becoming Christian. been gathered-an average of one an -Dr. JOHN ROBSON. hour for every hour that Christians have been wurking there! In view of this day In a recent visit to the Sudan, I found of harvest there are three dangers: (1) 55 unevangelized tribes numbering from The revived heathenism. (2) The intro- 500 to 2,000,000 each. This problem must duction of erroneous philosophy, and (3) be met in our generation or these tribes superficial work in conversion and trainwill become Mohammedans. Their mem- ing of converts.-HON. T. H. YUN, former bers are among the most warlike races in imperial minister of education in Korea, Africa.-Dr. H. KAARL KUMM, of the a member of the Methodist Church. Sudan United Mission. "In India," said George Sherwood There are 80,000 Protestant Christians Eddy, "there are still 100,000,000 out among my countrymen, but these are of the reach of any Christian worker. mostly in the large cities. The smaller The door is opening wider every day. towns continue practically untouched. There is especially a great opportunity Very little is done among the farmers and among the students of India, and working men. Buddhism is corrupt, Shinto- among the 50,000,000 outcastes who ism is political, Confucianism merely are ready to come into the kingdom. ethical. The Japanese are discovering that they must have a religious basis as well as South America and Africa are better education. There is need of reenforce- occupied' in proportion to their populaments.-REV. YUGORO CHIBA, of Japan. tion than India. Madras's presidency is the only one that may be said to be prop- Japan is leading the Orient – but erly occupied by missionaries. There are whither? They are losing the old stand- now six native missionary societies that ards, and the question is shall material- are supported, controlled and manned by ism, agnosticism, irreligion or Christian- the Indians themselves.-V. S. AZARIAU. ity sway the land?-REv. ]. D. DAVIS, D.D., American Board, Japan. For Mol1golia, Rev. G. H. Bonfield, of the British and Foreign Bible So- Bishop James W. Bashford, of the ciety, made an earnest appeal. The American Methodist Church, spoke Mongolians were formerly a strong forcibly of the crisis in China. There people; now 75 per cent of the men are are signs of a revolution-political, morally decadent. There are only 10 industrial, educational, and religious. missionaries in Mongolia, and all of A young man went to an exhibit in a these are practically in Chinese terrimissionary school, and came home to tory. Only one colporteur is working say to his father: "China is at the head among the more than 2,000,000 people of the list of nations in two things- wandering about Mongolia. population and resources-and at the foot of the list in everything else." It A similar call was voiced by L. E. was an eye-opener to the young man. Hogberg, the Swedish missionary in Eastern Turkestan. In all of Central . The Chinese are waking up to Asia there are only 20 missionaries. their responsibility, and recently in Peking 400 men pledged themselves to Rev. William Ewing, of the United the evangelization of China. Free Church of Scotland, and Rev. Louis Meyer spoke in behalf of the The great changes give an unparalleled neglected "Chosen People." It is a opportunity in China. The Chinese mind strange reading of the New Testais empty; now is the time to fiII it with ment that would exclude the Jews Christ. The devil is busy; Christians must be busy too.-T. Y. CHANG.

Korea is a "microscopic mission field," for many people do not know where it is. Tn the last 25 years 200,000 collverts have

from the sphere of lllissionary work. be no ground for the impression that The large number of Jews in Arabia, missionaries clo not desire to have the Persia and India are still uncared for. natives become leaders. The general Eight million ot the chosen people are opinion was that it is not advisable to untouched by Christian effort. The work is hopeful. In the last twenty- support the native workers with for- five years it is estimated that 250,000 eign money, but in some places it Jews have been baptized' as Chris- seems necessary.

tians-Cas many as in Korea). In Manchuria idolatry is dead. There A letter from Dr. Gustav Warneck are 30,000 native communicants and 100,- 000 adherents. Of the 30,000 baptized, exprest the conviction that the great not more than 100 came in as the direct result of foreign missionaries' work. Two question is not where are the largest native preachers last year baptized 300 unoccupied fields, but where at pres- members.- REV. JOHN Ross, D.D.

ent do the forces most need strength- In Korea the missionaries do not beening? The answer is-in the Far lieve in using foreign money for native workers. The results of placing the re- East, where mighty nations are emer- sponsibility of evangelizing Korea on the native Church has shown the wisdom of ging into light, and in Central Africa, this policy, and the Koreans agree with the missionaries.-REv. SAMUEL A. MOFto counteract the advance of Islam. FETT, D.D.

God is calling us both to enter new The Native Church fields and to strengthen old missions. We are responsible not only for the unfinished "We should use the term "The task but for the untouched task. Tibet is not the only unoccupied field. There are in Church on the Mission Field," rather Asia also-Afghanistan, Cambodia, Mongolia, Anam, Siberia, Bokhara, Turkes- than "The Native Church," for the tan and South .lrabia-42,0()0,000 people. In Africa there are Somaliland, the Su- Church of Christ is nowhere native to dan, Portuguese Territory, the Sahara, this earth," said Dr. J. Campbell Gibparts of North Africa and the French Kongo-70,000,000 people. son, chairman of Commission No. II.

These lands should be occupied now, The time is coming when missionaries because (1) The greatest plea is not opportunity, but destitution; (2) Christ's will not be the leaders, but only the command is for the universal proclamation of the gospel; (3) Christ's glory is allies of Christ, cooperating with the at stake. These lands are not unoccupied by the devil; (4) it is the glory of Chris- Church in the mission fields. tianity to undertake impossibilities because we believe in an Almighty GOd.-SAMUEL The missionaries should abandon the M. ZWEMER. whole attitude of mind that leads them to look on the native Church and its leaders In establishing the Church on the as inferior. Weare not responsible for all the mistakes that may be made. Christ mission field, the strongest views ex- can be trusted to guide His followers in the mission fields as well as in the home prest were in favor both of working land.-REv. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D. for individual conversion and bringing In Japan there are four independent, communities under Christian influence. self-governing branches of the Protestant Church. Among the Methodists the mis- The chief attention of the missionary sionaries are only members of the Japa- nese Conference.-BrsHoP HONDA. should, as a rule, be devoted to the training of native workers, rather than In order to correct the mistake of try- ing to keep the native Church too long in direct evangelistic work. There must swaddling-clothes (r) the secretaries at home should encourage the missionaries

1':DINBURGH MISSIONARY CONF1':RENCE

to counsel more with the native workers; pils to Christ; otherwise they will lack (2) we should teach the Church in the moral strength and courage.-REv. WM. mission field that we depend on them; GOUDIE, formerly of India. (3) the deputations who visit the field should take more time to consult native Only by their Christian religious influleaders; (4) we must study means of edu- ence can missionary educational institucating native leaders. Men are made by tions be justified. The schools and colleges having responsibility put upon them.- are missionary agencies of the Church. REV. HENRY T. HODGKIN, Friends F. M. S. There is no finer field for making a spiri- tual impression on the youth than in the The Church in the mission field should colleges.-PRINCIPAL MACKICKAN, of Wilnever be put in the position of demanding son College, Bombay. a larger share in its own government. Much misunderstanding and friction will Education must be thoroughly Chrisbe averted by taking the native pastors tian or it is a failure. Missionaries can into conference on financial matters. not afford to do only the work of Gov- They will see that there is financial pres- ernment schools. The effect of secular sure and will be more. sympathetic.- education alone is agnosticism or infidel- BISHOP ROBINSON. ity. No man honors another's faith who does not frankly avow his own. The The importance of training native chief duty of Christian educationalists is workers and encouraging all Chris- not the leavening of the non-Christian tians to do evangelistic work was population, but the development of effistrongly emphasized. Dr. George cient Christian leaders.-REv. STEPHEN S.- Heber Jones, of Korea, reported that THOMAS, of Delhi. the remarkable growth in that land was due to the activity of the main Rev. W. H. T. Gairdner, of Cairo, body of membership, and to the fact asked that an official representation be that the Church regards prayer as a made to the British Government primary method of work. In one region against their opposition to Christian in Korea the Christians gave 6,700 missions in northern Nigeria, Hausadays in one year for evangelistic work, land and the Sudan. and the total amount of time given by all Christians was equal to the services "Christian missionary educational of one man for 300 years. institutions have done more to solve the Far Eastern Question in Turkey," Miaaionary Education said Dr. F. E. Hoskins, of Beirut, "than all the gunboats that have ever "The Christian educator is the great sailed through the Straits of Gibralfactor in the Far East," said Bishop Gore, of Birmingham, chairman of tar." Commission No. III. There is need of a great deal more coordination A most pressing need on the mission and planning as to the places in which fields is a superintendent of education to schools and colleges are needed. keep the work up to a high standard, and at the same time to preserve a Christian, Where missionary educators do not spiritual atmosphere.-REv. R. ]. DAVIDknow the language of the people, they are SON, of China. bound to lose in sympathetic touch with their pupils. They do not understand We need two things-cooperation or their thought and are unable to interpret union in educational work and greater truth to them. It is most important that efficiency in teaching and methods.-DR. all teachers in mission schools be Chris- PAUL D. BERGEN, of China. tian, and make an effort to lead their pu- It costs from ten to fifteen times as much to educate a boy in America as it does in China.-HoN. WILLIAM JEN- NINGS BRYAN.

The Miaaionary Measage trine of Confucius, that man's sufficiency is in himself. Consequently the Chinese "The most important point to re- are not willing to come as helpless member in taking the gospel to non- failures asking God for forgiveness and Christian peoples is that their hearts must be changed," said Dr. J. R. Col- power.-DR, J. CAMPBELL GIBSON, of Swalenbach, of Holland. tow. No missionary should go among ani- The Chinese are more responsive to mistic peoples-or any other-unless he has a Christian message that he can spiritual truth than we are. We must deliver with dogmatic certainty. A mis- teach them the spiritual truths of Chrissionary without a definite message from tianity. – DR. ARTHUR H. SMITH, of God is a fraud.-REV. C. H. MONAHAN, Peking. of India. One of the greatest hindrances to the Cannibals and murderers at first ridi- progress of Christianity is that students cule the idea of God's love. They do who go to the West to study return and not acknowledge that they have done say that America and England do not wrong, but the idea that appeals to them themselves practise Christianity, and that is the hope of everlasting life. – DR. teachers in Christian institutions are JOHANNES WARNECK, of the Rhenish Mis- not able to agree on the solutions to sionary Society. their problems.-DR. GEO. HEBER JONES, of Korea. In speaking of the missionaries' message to China, Rev. L. 1. Lloyd, of President Harada, of Doshisha Uni- Fuchau, said that the doctrine of the versity, Tokyo, said that the appeal to Fatherhood of God appeals especially Japanese should be made on (r) John to them because of their reverence for 3: r6-the love of God; (2) on the ancestors and their ideal of filial piety. character of Jesus Christ-as they are They find no difficulty in believing the naturally hero-worshipers; (3) on the doctrine of the atonement. The Chi- Christian life as lived in Christian nese need a revealed gospel, not a gos- homes, and (4) on the fact that they pel of peradventure or perhaps; they can be both loyal Christians and loyal need a definite divine gospel preached Japanese. with a certainty. Few educated Japanese are now de- The Chinese Christians should be voted to their old faiths, but a teacher trained to teach in missioll schools. Too must know as much as possible about many non-Christian teachers are now historic and present-day Buddhism. used. They can 110t give the missionary There are four great difficulties in mismessage.-DONG KING-EN, of China. sionary work in Japan: (1) The supposed conflict between patriotism and Chris- We must teach the Chinese the mean- tianity; but this has been overcome by ing of sin. They have no word for that the example of Christian soldiers. in their language. They respond to the truth when they understand it. No (2) The supposed inability of Chrisnaturalistic religion has dared to hope tian philosophy to solve problems better that God will forgive sinners. This is than Buddhism-this has been met by a new idea to pagan thought. The an- the testimony of modern men. cient idea of God in China was a magnificent conception. We need not preach (3) The supposed femininity of Chrisa foreign deity, but one whom their tianity-this has been disproved by the fathers worshiped. They do not under- heroic character of Paul and. of such stand or worship God aright. The great- men as Livingstone, Gladstone and est" hindrance in China is not idolatry, Roosevelt. Buddhism or Taoism, but it is the doc- (4) The supposed necessity of ascri- bing to difficult doctrines-this is met by holding up Jesus Christ and teaching them that Christianity is, first of all, re-

EDINBURGH MISSIONARY

lations hip to Him.~GALEN M. FISHER, of In dealing with Hindu inquirers we Tokyo. should be ready to acknowledge all that is good in Hinduism. The Hindu mind In speaking of the appeal to Mos- can not readily accept the doctrine of lems, Rev. W. H. T. Gairdner, of salvation by grace. They believe man Cairo, said that we should more often must suffer the consequences of his sin, applaud their monotheism, should in- but when they understand the meaning sist that they go with us step by step of the verse, "As in Adam all die, so in not by leaps and jumps, that we may Christ shall all be made alive," then the show them their wrong beliefs and difficulty is removed.~DR. K. C. CHATpractises, and bring them to believe in TERJ!, of India. the revelation of the gospels because they believe in the Koran. 'vVe must There is a growing desire for the give more fresh thought to the doc- Christ ideal in India, and the revelation trine of the trinity-their great stum- of Christ is what must transform Indian bling-block. thought and life. A Brahman gentleman said recently that the highest ideal India The emphasis should not be on the has ever seen is Jesus Christ on the issues between Moslem and Christian cross.-DR. ]. P. JONES, of India. doctrine, but on the issues between Moslem life and Christ. (1) They can not under- Christianity must be constructive, not stand the fatherhood of God; (2) They merely destructive.~CANoN C. H. ROBINdeny the incarnation; and (3-) the inspira- SON, of the S. P. G. tion of the Bible and the Deity of Christ. The greatest difficulty is, however, that We all agree on the following we, as Christians, are disputing about points said Robert E. Speer in closing: the same doctrines that they deny. ~ S. M. ZWEMER. ( I) Christianity is the final and ab- solute religion, therefore we may fear- The greatest mistake would be to try lessly take the most generous attitude to accommodate Christian truth to Mos- toward non-Christian religions and aclem error.-DR. LEPSIUS, Director of the knowledge their best points. We can German Orient Mission. compare the best in Christianity with the best in other religions, and may "The mIssIonary message best expose our religion to the most careadapted to the Hindu mind," said Rev. ful examination by the heathen. G. E. Phillips, of Madras, "is the old gospel. This does not mean simply de- (2) The question is not so much nouncing idolatry as foolish and sin- what we believe as how we shall bring ful, and proclaiming that those who the world to believe the final and absobelieve in Christ go to heaven, and lute religion. We want to convert the those who do not believe go to hell. most earnest adherents of non-Chris- It means that we must know the Hindu tian religions, and mllst give them our mind and beliefs, and start from the strongest message and arguments. best in their religion to show them the way to God. The Hindu instinct for (3) By the study of non-Christian idolatry is answered in the worship of religions we enrich our own by dis- Jesus Christ who is the image of God." covering truths in Christianity we had never seen there before. The Hindus are not converted by argument but by the power of the Holy (4) Only a world-conquering gos- Spirit. The supreme duty of the Chris- pel can conquer any part of the world. tian Church is to pray for this power.~ The great problems of life can only be REV. W. A. MANSELL, of India. solved by the application of the gospel to the whole life of man.

(:;) For the empowering of the mes-

sage we need the enriching of the schools and revived ancient Moslem rites Christian life of the Church at home. and customs. The people see that the We carry to others no real message, government favors Islam also in that all but the message we know by expe- the government road-making has been rience. Once again the Church is given into the hands of Moslem chiefs, facing the full measure of her duty. not to pagans or Christians. The people From whence is to come the power by think that Great Britain has no use which we may hope to win the world for Christianity. In spite of this favorit- -by applying the whole gospel to the ism all the political troubles in Nigeria whole life of the world-social, politi- and Egypt come from the Moslems-no cal, moral and religious. wars have been caused by Christian mis- sions.-REv. TOM JAYS, formerly of West Mi••ions and Governments Africa.

"Christian governments," said Col. The Swiss missionaries have no trouble Robert Williams, of the C. M. S., with the government in their fields be- "should remember that they are Chris- cause they observe the laws and accept tian first and administrators of govern- the government program and have no ment second. Vie are always safer- political power behind them.-Rev. ARTHUR in Egypt or elsewhere-if we do our GRANDJEAN, Secretary of the Swiss Misduty to God and to man, than if we sion Romande. neglect it. Our position as Christian nations and leaders in the world is The Norwegian missionaries are taught largely due to the fact that we have the to speak respectfully of governments, and open Bible. Mohammedan Emirs they succeed in gaining official sympathy should not be able to stop our Chris- by approaching government officers as tian missionaries from going where tho these officials were ready to do the they ought to go." right and helpful thing and grant what the missionaries want-even tho the mis- Native leaders in India appreciate and sionaries have some misgivings about their respect those who do not shirk their duty willingness.-Rev. L. DAHLE, of Norway. or deny their faith. . . . The strength of Christian missions lies in their volun- Missionaries and secretaries should not tary character. If missionaries were first voice their grievances in the press looked upon as government servants their and public meetings, but should present cause would be greatly weakened. . . . them to the government through the We should have a central representative home board. – HERR BERNER, Private board that can enter into negotiations Counsellor of the German Colonial Govwith governments on all great questions ernment in Missionary Affairs. affecting missions. It is most important that governments be in harmony with It is as much the responsibility of the the missionaries.-Lord REAY, of London. Christian government to promote public morals as it is of the Christian Church Missionaries should not depend on -this applies to opium, liquor, slavery their governments or they will show they and vice, and the time has come when do not depend on God. . . . Mission- the sale of morphia and cocaine also aries should not interfere to protect their should be controlled by governments. converts, but should teach loyalty to There are some mighty questions that government even at a sacrifice.-DR. C. C. could be settled by an international act. WANG, of Shanghai. – BISHOP CHARLES H. BRENT, of the Philippines In northern Nigeria the English Government shows partiality in favor of The British Government still some- Islam. They have opened Moslem times npholds the traffic in strong drink. One chief was deposed in Africa for advising the people not to buy gin. The government also accepts the payment of fines and fees in gin.-DR. CHARLES F. HARFORD, of London.

EmN13URGH MISSIONARY

In Egypt and the Sudan the British presentation of the report of King disregard the Christian Sabbath and ob- Leopold's own commission. serv~ the Mohammedan Friday, which In one missionary's diary were reis to them, not a holy day, but a holiday. corded 1,000 cases of inhuman cruelty. The missionaries are interested in this One official boasted to a missionary, question because (I) of the inhuman- ,saying; "You might as well give it up; ity prevailing and their desire to help; (2) because missionary work has been we make ten Mohammedans to your one hindered and property-rights denied. The proposed reforms are inadequate Christian. The British govern- and their adoption too long postponed.

ment is in danger when they give up one Closer cooperation is desirable be- tween the missionaries in the field and iota of their Christianity. . . . The Gor- the people at home. Trade does not know sympathy or pity. We must come don Memorial College at Khartum ought to the missionary idea for the moral motive and Christian ideals. . . . The to be Christian but it is Mohammedan. friends of missions should give their governments no peace until the needed The Koran is studied four years, but the reforms are effected. Definite instances Bible not at all.-REv. J. KELLEY GRIFFIN, should be quoted with full details, not general accusations. We need a perma- D.D., of the Sudan. nent committee to represent the world- wide work. We need a settled policy in The American nation is interested in our treatment of these questions.-LoRD five propositions; BALFOUR, of Burleigh.

(1) The duty of Christian nations to Coeperation and Unity help forward the educational and moral Sir Andrew Fraser, chairman of development of non-Christian peoples. Commission VIII, opened the discus- sion by saying that the task of winning (2) Christian governments help or the world to Christ can not be per- formed by a dividt:d Christendom. The hinder mi3sionaries in proportion as they loss of energy through divided ef- fort greatly retards the work. There' deal justly with foreigners in their own is to-day a general call for unity from the mission fields, but opposijurisdiction. tion often comes from the societies at (3) Nations must deal justly with each home.

other. In West China considerable progress (4) The influence of governments toward unity has been made in the three provinces containing 80,000,000 people. (1) should always be on the side of the Nine church organizations have formed an advisory board which meets annually; highest and best. They should throw their (2) There has been a division of the influence on the side of temperance. field so that there is no overlapping; (3) There is much union in educational (5) Christian nations should stand as work-a common course of study, a one in behalf of peace-especially with union board of examiners, a common certificate; (4) There is a union uni, each other. They should at least investi- versity, with normal, medical and arts gate and report to an international tribunal before the guns begin to fire. Differences should be settled by right and reason, not by the sword and gun- boat.-HoN. WM. JENNINGS BRYAN.

It is the general view among mission- aries that they should not accept com- pensation from non-Christian nations for loss of life due to riots or murders.- WALTER B. SLOAN, of the C. I. M.

As long as a judge in China is subject to the intervention of foreigners in re- lation to questions among natives, so long will the Chinese be opposed to for- eigners.-JoHN Ross, D.D., of Manchuria.

In discussing the inhumanities of Belgium in the Kongo State, Dr. T. S. Barbour, of the American Baptist M. S., said that there was no doubt possible as to these cruelties, since the

courses-representing four missions; (5) Four other reasons: (1) The saving in There is an exchange of doctors; (6) money; (2) The better division of labor; A mission press doing work for all; (7) (3) The gain in efficiency; (4) The re- A nnion Christian magazine in Chinese; sulting advance in the Kingdom.-REv. (8) A union hymnal; (9) A free inter- G. CURRIE MARTIN, of the L. M. S. change of members; (10) a standing com- mittee on union. The aim is one Chris- We may be loyal to the things that tian Church for China.-DR. O. L. KIL- divide us and yet loyal to those that BORN, of Chengtu, West China. unite us.-THE BISHOP OF SOUTHWARK.

Without adding a man to our force we There is no reason why we should recould double our efficiency by closer produce on the foreign fields the bad cooperation. The first necessity is a state of things at home. Some time ago proper division of the field. Uganda is some missionaries decided on a joint a good example of what may be done. catechism-putting within the body of the Second, we need a free interchange of book the points of agreement and in the full members.-REv. E. W. BURT, of Shan- appendix the points of difference. When tung. the work was accomplished all were struck by the strength of the body of The four Presbyterian and two Meth- the text and the weakness of the apodist missions in Korea-four-fifths of pendix-why not follow the example of the Protestant forces-have satisfactorily modern science and cut out the appendix! divided the territory so that there is no overlapping and no wasted energy. They -REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D. are now planning a Union Christian University-all have joined except the Angli- The constituency at home desire unity cans.-BISHOP M. C. HARRIS., of Japan and ilnd cooperation. Such a plan in Canada Korea. has had the unanimous approval of the Presbyterians, Methodists, Congregation- The unity of the Christian Church in alists and Baptists. We can appeal to China occupies a leading place in the men to push a united work in the world, hearts of the Chinese Christian leaders. but not to perpetuate competing denomi- We hope to see a Chinese Christian nations. – N. W. ROWELL, ESQ., of Church without denominational distinc- Toronto. tion. (1) Denominations do not interest the Chinese mind. We can not defend We need a Union Committee: (I) For them before the heathen. (2) It is possi- a continued close study of the subjects ble. The difficulties are raised more by presented by these commissions. (2) the West than by the East. (3) It is That we may come to know each other desirable, especially in China, where unity better, continue in fellowship and avoid is loved in nation and family and re- friction. (3) So that the great societies ligion. (4) Now is the time to effect may help the smaller ones in dealing with union in the days of laying the founda- the governments. (4) That in building tions. (5) It is an ideal of Christ to have the great church each workman may his Church one. (6) We are not re- build with reference to the work of his sponsible for a lasting union but for our neighbor.-DR. JULIUS RICHTER, of Gerown actions. (7) This conference should many. recommend that the Continuation Committee investigate and report, after obtaining We desire not a unit, but a unity. We a full and free expression from the Chi- have seen in this conference the divine nese.-CHENG CHING-YI, of China. blessing in many different policies where there has been a loyalty to Jesus Christ There are three reasons why we should and dependence on the power of the unite: (1) The forces against us; (2) Holy Spirit.-BISHOP GORE, of Birming- That the world may believe; (3) The ham. ideal of Christ.-FEv. S. S. THOMAS, of India. There is an advantage in the emphasis on the different aspects of truth commit- ted to different denominations. We can't have too much Christian spirit, but we can have too much of the spirit of the

THE EDINBURGH MISSIONARY CONFERENCE

drill-sergeant. In our work for unity- mission field. Many have failed belike taking honey away from bees-it is cause they were unprepared in everyadvisable to go slowly.-LoRD WlLLIAM thing except a spirit of love. The GASCOYNE-CECIL. British Government is planning to found a special school for its foreign I feel like a lion in the den of many official and commercial agents; why Daniels-so if I must needs roar I will should not the Church have such a roar lovingly. Do not dilute your be- school also? .Na ordained man should liefs. It is not our differences that matter be placed in charge of a mission school so much as the spirit in which they are or college who has not been given voiced. The age of scoffing at each special training in the science and art other's differences is past.-BISHOP H. H. of teaching. MONTGOMERY, of the S. P. G. Women need special preparation as mis- We have unity, we do not wish uni- sionaries quite as much as men. They are formity. We may want intercommunity, often the greatest force in training of the but union is the only thing worth seeking.- young and in elevating the home in non- DR. EUGENE STOCK, of the C. M. S. Christian lands. The awakening of the women of the East is one of the great Preparation of Misaionaries hopeful signs of progress.-Mrs. CREIGH- TON, of the S. P. G. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of adequate preparation While emphasis is rightly placed on the on the part of those who go out to need for thorough intellectual equipment represent Christ in foreign fields. and training, yet a Christlike character and While spiritual equipment is most the indwelling of the Holy Spirit is the necessary and may, in exceptional greatest source of power.-Rev. D. H. D. cases, even make up for lack in men- VILKINSON, of the C. M. S. tal, physical, and other practical training, there is no doubt but that a If my son were planning to enter upon man's or woman's usefulness is vastly missionary work I should say to him: Be increased by a thoroughly and spe- sure you know your Master; be sure you cially trained mind in a strong body. know your Bible; be sure you know what the love of Christ is and that you have ex- Rev. W. Douglas Mackenzie, D.D., perienced this, and have it in your own president of Hartford Theological Seminary, the chairman of Commis- heart.-Bishop J. M. THOBURN, of India. sion No. V, opened the discussion by saying that the gift of millions of dol- While we need to have a lofty standard lars, the prayers of the whole church in the selection of missionaries, we do not and the enlisting of thousands of vol- want the candidates who have the highest unteers were not sufficient to convert ideas of their own fitness. Those who the world. These volunteers need to feel fit are usually unfit. We need men of be trained for their task-trained in sympathy and ideals and consecration even a knowledge of the gospel and how to more than men of great intellectual power. present it; trained in ability to help -Bishop RIDLEY, of the C. M. S. the people to establish churches and educate the future leaders; trained to We need a central bureau for the refill the needs of the particular station cruiting of missionary teachers. By this and work to which each is assigned. means trained men and women could be No man or woman can be too capable put into touch with missionary schools and or too well trained to send into the colleges where their help is needed.-Rev. R. H. DYKES, of Basutoland.

There is danger lest individual mission- aries undertake to do too many forms of work. Each missionary stould give atten- tion particularly to that form of work for

which he or she is best adapted and called spirituality. The great call is for individual of God.~Pril1cipal MILLER, of Madras. and corporate sacrifice. One church set a noble example by sending their curate to The study of the native languages is the front and promising to support him most important and they can only be learned there.~Rev. CECIL BARDSLEY, of the C. from the people themselves. We ought to M. S. have interdenominational language schools ill each country, where young missionaries We must seek to reach and teach the could have at least two years' uninterrupted general public in regard to missions by the study.–Rev. A. B. LEONARD, D D., Meth- use of the daily press. We need a national odist Episcopal M. S. and an international press bureau of mis- sions~not for propaganda but for facts. The Home Base Missionary societies ought to be ready to have the truth told even when it is un- Dr. James L. Barton, of Boston, the pleasant.~W. T. ELLIS, of Philadelphia. chairman of Commission No. VI, opened the discussion by calling at- To secure missionary recruits we need tention to the fact that the resources (I) to convince young people of the need, of the Church are both physical and (2) to show them their ability by God's spiritual and that neither must be help to meet the need, and (3) to awaken neglected. A great field for develop- their loyalty to Christ and His cause. Mis- sion study does not always deepen loyalty. ment at home is the non-contributing We need also a spiritual awakening.- members and churches. In America ROBERT P. WILDER.

one-tenth of the church-members give The Moravian Church has been greatly nine-tenths of the support. Eleven blest in their missionary work. They have dollars is spent on work at home for three times the membership on the foreign each sixty cents that is given to work field that they have at home.~Bishop LA abroad. Some churches pride them- TROBE. selves in being self-supporting when it is as ridiculous as it is fOT one who The reasons why the Student Volunteer keeps poultry to rejoIce that his Movement does not produce more mis- chickens are self-supporting because sionaries is because (r) the pull of the they are eating their own eggs. churches, of professors, of fathers and mothers is against the young people going There are some great needs in the to the foreign field; (2) men and women take too long before they decide what their Church at home to-day. (I) We life work will be; (3) the announcement that mission boards must retrench stops need a change of curriculum in uni- the coming of candidates; (4) there is not versities and colleges to include in- close enough cooperation between the vol- struction in the great problems of unteer movement and mission boards. -TISSrNGTON TATLOw, of the Student Volmissions. (2) We need missionary unteer Movement.

courses in our theological schools. There are three vital secrets of an ade- quate supply of workers: (r) Prayer; (2) (3) We need to realize that the personal effort and readiness to sacrifice, and (3) appeals to the highest motives of Church at home is dependent for its obedience, love, and duty, not on socialistic continuance on the fidelity to the work and philanthropic grounds.-Dr. SAMUEL of extending the Kingdom of Christ M. ZWEMER. throughout the world. Each church should have a live mission- It is wrong for a consecrated man or a ary committee. They should work until consecrated church to be extravagant or each member is giving, praying and study~ careless in the use of money. It is wrong ing systematically. This will strengthen for churches to compete in attractiveness the missions, the churches and the indiof music or in size of congregations. They vidual-Christians.-Hon. SAMUEL B. CAPEN. .should compete in consecration and

EDINBURGH MISSIONARY

The apportionment plan for churches has to a close scrutiny of the ways in which greatly increased gifts. We must set a we may best utilize the existing forces of goal before us, appeal to the heroic element missionary enterprise by unifying and conin men and economize our administration solidating existing agencies, by improving expenses.-Rev. CORNELIUS H. PATTON. their administration and the training of their agents. We have done everything We need more religion in business as within our power in the interest of economy well as more business in religion. It is and efficiency; and in this endeavor we as much a Christian duty to make and give have reached a greater unity of common money as faithful stewards as it is to action than has been attained in the Chrispreach and to pray. To pray and not work tian Church for centuries. is an insult to God.-ALFRED E. MARLING, of New York. But it has become increasingly clear to us that we need something far greater than Messages of the Conference can be reached by any economy or reor- ganization of the existing forces. We need In addition to numerous replies to supremely a deeper sense of responsibility those who had sent greetings to the to Almighty God for the great trust which Conference, the following message He has committed to us in the evangelizawas sent to the members of the Chris- tion of the world. That trust is not comtian Church in Christian lands: mitted in any peculiar way to our mis- sionaries, or to societies, or to us as mem· DEAR BRETHREN OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH: bers of this conference. It is committed We members of the World Missionary to all and each within the Christian family; and it is as incumbent on every member of Conference assembled in Edinburgh desire the Church as are the elementary virtues to send you a message which lies very near of the Christian life-faith, hope and love. to our hearts. During the past ten days That which makes a man a Christian makes we have been engaged in a close and con- him also a sharer in this trust. This printinuous study of the position of Chris- ciple is admitted by us an, but we need to tianity in non-Christian lands. In this be aroused to carry it out in quite a new study we have surveyed the field of mis- degree. Just as a great national danger sionary operation and the forces that are demands a new standard of patriotism and available for its occupation. For two years service from every citizen, so the present we have been gathering expert testimony condition of the world and the missionary about every department of Christian mis- task demands from every Christian, and sions, and this testimony has brought home from every congregation, a change in the to our entire conference certain conclusions existing scale of missionary zeal and which we desire to set forth. service, and the elevation of our spiritual ideal. Our survey has imprest upon us the momentous character of the present hour. The old scale and the old ideal were We have heard from many quarters of the framed in view of a state of the world awakening of great nations, of the opening which has ceased to exist. They are no of long-closed doors, and of movements longer adequate for the new world which which are placing all at once before the is arising out of the ruins of the old. Church a new world to be won for Christ. The next ten years will in all probability It is not only of the individual or the constitute a turning-point in human history, congregation that this new spirit is deand may be of more critical importance in manded. There is an imperative spiritual determining the spiritual evolution of man- demand that national life and influence as kind than many centuries of ordinary ex- a whole be Christianized; so that the entire perience. If those years are wasted havoc impact, commercial and political, now of may be wrought that centuries are not able the West upon the East, and now of the to repair. On the other hand, if they are stronger races upon the weaker, may conrightly used they may be among the most firm, and not impair, the message of the glorious in Christian history. missionary enterprise.

We have therefore devoted much time The providence of God has led us all

into a new world of opportunity of danger wherein the Christian Church is being and of duty. tried.

God is demanding of us all a new order Accept our profound and loving symof life, of a more arduous and self-sac- pathy, and be assured of our confident rificing nature than the old. But if, as we hope that God will bring you out of your believe, the way of duty is the way of fiery trial as a finely-tempered weapon revelation, there is certainly implied, in which can accomplish His work in the conthis imperative call of duty, a latent as- version of your fellow countrymen. It is surance that God is greater, more loving, you alone who can ultimately finish thIS nearer and more available for our help work; the word that under God convinces and comfort than any man has dreamed. your own people must be your word; and Assuredly, then, we are called to make the life which will win them for Christ must new discoveries of the grace and power of be the life of holiness and moral power, God, for ourselves, for the Church, and for as set forth by you who are men of their the world; and, in the strength of that own race. But we rejoice to be fellowfirmer and bolder faith in Him, to face the helpers with you in the work, and to know new age and the new task with a new con- that you are being more and more emsecration. powered by God's grace to take the burden of it upon your own shoulders. Take up The following message was also that responsibility with increasing eager- ness, dear brethren, and secure from God sent to the members of the Christian the power to carry through the task; then we may see great marvels wrought beneath Church in non-Christian lands: our own eyes.

DEAR BRETHREN IN CHRIST: Meanwhile, we rejoice also to be learn- ing much ourselves from the great peoples We desire to send you greeting in the whom our Lord is now drawing to Him- Lord from the World Missionary Con- self; and we look for a richer faith to ference gathered in Edinburgh. For ten result for all from the gathering of the days we have been associated in prayer, nations in Him. deliberation, and the study of missionary problems, with the supreme purpose of There is much else in our hearts that we making the work of Christ in non-Chris- should be glad to say, but we must contian lands more effective, and throughout fine ourselves to one further matter, and the discussions our hearts have gone forth that the most vital of all. to you in fellowship and love. A strong cooperation in prayer binds to- Many causes of thanksgiving have arisen gether in one all the empire of Christ. as we have consulted together, with the Pray, therefore, for us, the Christian comwhole of the mission field clear in view. munities in home lands, as we pray for But nothing has caused more joy than the you; remember our difficulties before God witness borne from all quarters as to the as we remember yours, that He may grant steady growth in numbers, zeal, and power to each of us the help that we need, and to of the rising Christian Church in newly- both of us together that fellowship in the awakening lands. None have been more body of Christ which is according to His helpful in our deliberations than members blest will. from your own churches. We thank God for the spirit of evangelistic energy which We advise everyone who canpossiyou are showing, and for the victories that are being won thereby. We thank God for bly clo so to buy the statistical atlas the longing after unity which is so prominent among you and is one of our own prepared by Dr. H. P. Beach and Dr. deepest longings to-day. Our hearts are filled with gratitude for all the inspiration James S. Dennis, and the nine volumes that your example has brought to us in our home-lands. This example is all the which will include the reports of the more inspiring because of the special difficulties that beset the glorious position which eight commissions and the discussions you hold in the hottest part of the furnace at the Conference. (Write to William Henry Grant, Esq., 156 Fifth Ave., New York.)

RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN RUSSIA FIVE

AFTER THE MANIFESTO BY A RUSSIAN RESIDENT OF ST. PETERSBURG "What is the present-day religious who change their religion? Who is to situation in Russia?" is a question that be responsible to the Government may well be asked. Have the prin- for new religious communities? How ciples of religious freedom, promised are births and deaths to be registered?

by the Emperor's manifesto of Octo- If new churches may be formed for re- ber 30, 1905, really been put into prac- ligious exercises, does that include the tise, or do they remain a dead letter? right of propaganda? What is one to Has the situation changed or is it understand by propaganda? If you about the same as before? are allowed to proselytize among the Is it true that the reactionary move- heathen or Mohammedans, should ment is growing in strength? What proselytizing among the members of religious liberties practically exist? the "dominant" Greek Orthodox Can one really leave the Russian Church, whose head is the Emperor, Church to enter another? Can Rus- be tolerated? In the working out of an sians form new independent churches? application of this legislation the more Is the evangelical movement grow- liberal or conservative views of legis- ing? lators will have a wide opportunity for Would foreign missionary societies expressIOn.

have any chance of starting missionary Certainly a great step forward has work among orthodox Russians, or been taken by the grant of a normal among Russia's Jewish, Mohammedan statute which gives rules for the for- or pagan population? mation of dissenting churches-those Does the Greek Orthodox Church who have separated themselves from show any signs of an inner revival or the orthodox Church. This statute has hope of reform? been in force for some years, and, as What is the attitude of the Russian a result, Russian free churches, most- people at present toward religion? ly of the Baptist type, have been There is no doubt whatever that a formed and are being formed, un- great change for the better has taken hindered, both in towns and villages in place. The principles of religious free- various parts of Russia and western dom have been officially proclaimed, Siberia. Some time ago the Meth- and, however much their application odists began work in St. Petersburg may be restricted, they can not be and, by complying with these rules, ignored or abrogated. The difficulty they have not met with much opposi- just now lies in the application of tion. There is no reason why another these principles to the endless details Church should not do the same. J ew- of practical life, and here legislation ish proselytes, however, who wanted must work out a new code of laws and to form a Christian Church of their regulations. You may now, for ex- own, have rn'et with difficulties, because ample, quit one Church for another, they do not come under the literal but may you become a heathen, or be- wording of "Dissenters from the long to no Church whatever? What orthodox Church," for which this is the status of the children of parents statute was given. The Salvation

Army has been denied admission be- is outside our theme. It is to be recause it is not a Church and because gretted that a stoppage in the reit obeys a foreign director. religious legislative work of the Duma has taken place. This is partly due to In the towns these evangelical party policy within the Duma, partiy churches meet with no persecution so to higher influences. Even if good, long as they adhere to the rules; but liberal regulations were to be passed in the country districts, where there is by the Duma, it is not at all certain more scope for the arbitrary temper of that they will be passed by the Council the local priest and police officer, many of the Empire (our House of Lords) painful annoyances and persecutions or by the Emperor. are still taking place. We must not forget that most of the towns and a Ve feel a strong reactionary ingreat part of the country are still un- fluence from the Greek Church. der martial law, which gives the gov- Autocracy sides with orthodoxy, and ernors and police-masters discretion- vice versa. The constitution of 1905 ary powers. In Odessa, 200 Baptists came as an unexpected sho.ck to them were arrested a year ago for having a both; the orthodox Church lost the picnic just outside the town, without quite exclusive position it had always giving notice to the police. Until all had and is now trying to regain the the possible details are worked out, lost ground. As soon as religious very much will always depend on the liberty was proclaimed 200.,000. or mood of the local officials. more members of the Greek Orthodox Church passed over to the Roman The Right to Proselytize Catholic Church, about IO,OOO to Protestant churches, about 50.,000 re- Some points of the greatest im- lapsed into Mohammedanism, quite a portance have not yet been worked number returned to Judaism and some out at all by the Duma-for example, to paganism. Of course, they only bethe question of the right to proselytize came openly what they had been in among members of the Greek Ortho- secret; but altho this movement has dox Church. If this is forbidden, then now greatly decreased it gave a great no end of persecution will again result, shock to the "dominant" Church. A because any evangelical sermon can "missionary" conference of the leading be brought under this heading. Then, Greek churchmen was held in Kieff ecclesiastical censorship will again be in the summer of 1908, and a number introduced, because you can prosely- of "salutary restrictive measures" tize in print as well as by speech. At were put before the not unwilling govpresent we are able to print whatever ernment. we like on condition of first presenting eight or nine copies of every booklet to Tho the bill of religious liberty will the press authorities. If within a short certainly be passed by the Duma term the edition is not confiscated, it sooner or later, in one form or is considered permitted. The daily another, we can not yet say what will press is under worse rules, and where be officially permitted and what not. martial l;;tw is in force the police-mas- As long as the bill has not been passed, ters can fine any paper ad libitttm, in all doubtful cases the former reguwithout any judicial decision-but this latians are considered still to hold

19IO] tHE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN

good. It is more than probable that declension is taking place from a foreign missionary societies' will soon formal religiousness toward infidelity be permitted to work among Jews, with its usual consequences. On the Mohammedans and heathen, but at other hand, we see, especially among present, in accordance with former the younger generation, a seeking rules, this is considered to be a mo- after God, or, at least, after something nopoly of the Greek Church. (In to satisfy a hungry soul-as never be- R~ssia all that is not "permitted" is fore, and whenever the gospel is supposed to be "forbidden"-not vice preached, crowds gather to hear, both versa. ) As to the right to proselytize in towns and villages. All the preachamong bona-fide Russians we do not ers confirm this. Russians are natuknow which way the scales will turn. rally a religious people. We also see Most likely some kind of compromise spontaneous religious movements will be found. Itinerant gospel preach- among the lower classes. Usually they ing still meets with hindrances in some soon degenerate for lack of guidance. places and not in others, just as it Not long ago two working men began suits the "views" of the local officials to speak in a homely way against drink and their comprehension of religious and immorality and to explain the gosfreedom. pel as well as they could. They now have a congregation of about 20,000 Speaking of the attitude of the Rus- followers in Moscow, who have built sian people toward religion, one can them a house and are ready to worship say that the "upper ten thousand" have there. The Church has excommuniusually a certain religious varnish, cated them for having spoken against which is mostly just skin-deep and the clergy. rarely tells on life. The educated middle classes to a great extent con- Even among the I03,000 men and sider Christianity to be a superstition women students of Russia there are of the past, and if they still adhere to openings as never before for a Chriscertain forms it is more out of custom tian student movement on interdeor national feeling than out of con- nominational lines. viction. The merchant class is, as a rule, very bigoted, ignorant, and un- New Life in Dry Bones scrupulous. The factory working men are to a great extent tainted with so- It is interesting to see the work of cialism and its atheistic principles. the spirit of God producing new life These doctrines are, unfortunately, in dry bones. The Lutheran Church, rapidly invading the bulk of the popu- formerly "high and dry" and narrowlation-the younger generation of the minded, has seen during the revolution peasantry, too. Infidel literature is of 1905-06 how little hold it had on being widely circulated among a popu- the peasantry in the Baltic provinces, lation not yet prepared to doubt a and has begun to understand the need printed statement. The Church is of the cooperation of laymen. An losing its hold on the people and the inner mission has been founded-a clergy is mostly spoken of with bit- thing unheard of ten years ago. On terness and contempt. the other hand, the German liberal theology is undermining the younger On the whole, in the masses a rapid generation of pastors. The Men-

nonites-German colonists, who have rather narrow. The lack of leaders been in Russia for more than a cen- and of educated workers is greatly felt tury-kept the gospel to themselves and the moral level of the congregaand dried up. Now a religious revival tions is rather unsatisfactory. has entered their midst, and many of them are active in propagating the Jews and Mohammedans gospel in the south of Russia. Changes are also taking place The Molokans-a Russian evangel- among the Jews and Mohammedans. ical sect-founded some 200 years ago, The younger generation of Jews, eshave had the same experience. After pecially those who have had some eduyears of persecution, they were grant- cation, feel that a gulf has formed ited religious freedom in the beginning self between them and the orthodox of the last century; but keeping their fanatical type of Russian Judaism. Bible knowledge to themselves, they "We feel ourselves strangers among lost all spiritual life and became a the Jews as well as among the Chrishard, narrow, dry sect, mostly bent 011 tians," said a young Jewish student hair-splitting theological discussions. not long ago. Practically they have They are to be found as far east as no religion whatever, and are only Blagoveshtshensk on the Amur, in kept together by the spirit of nationaleastern Siberia, in most of the towns ism and by the oppression of the soof central and western Siberia, and called Christian. There is more readiall over eastern and southeastern Rus- ness now among these young Jews sia. Of late genuine revivals have than ever before to listen to the simple sprung up among the younger genera- gospel, as it is preached to them first tion and some have become very ex- by the "Mildmay Mission" or in the cellent evangelists. This Molokan sect halls of the Russian evangelical disis now rapidly crumbling to pieces; senters. Here again God has used inpart of it is becoming truly evangeliul fidelity to break down the walls of and the other part is dissolving into in- dead orthodoxy. fidelity. Some have united with the Baptists, others with the Russian Among the 14,000,000 Mohamme- Presbyterians, and others have formed dans of Russia we can also observe new congregations of their own. This the beginnings of great changes. The is especially the case in Samara. It Mullahs complain that their congrewould seem as if God had allowed this gations are taking to drink and rereligious community with its valuable laxing in their religious duties. Bible knowledge to remain in a pet- Among the more civilized class, a rified condition for a century, to use thirst for better schools and more eduthem now, when God's time has come. cation is spreading rapidly, and a Mo- The bulk of the evangelical dissenters hammedan reform party is developing is at present formed by the Baptists after the pattern of the Young Turks, and the so-called "Evangelical Chris- with a strong Pan-Islamic conscioustians," which do not differ much from ness. Education will ultimately undereach other in doctrine but only in mine their fanaticism and, maybe, church government. Both are active break their strength. The bulk of the in preaching the gospel, but both are Tatars is, however, as yet untouched by this movement, and is as fanatical

19IO] THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN RUSSIA 66g

as ever. In eastern Russia they are l11unicated by the Pope. Now it has actively proselytizing among the formed itself into a separate body, on heathen and nominally Christian tribes the lines of the Old Catholics, has a with much success. Unless something bishop of its own, and has about 200,- is done to counteract this movement, 000 adherents. the 100,000 heathen Votiak, Vogul, Tsheremiss and others, west of the The Greek Orthodox Church Ural Mountains, will within ten years all have become Mohammedans. Of What shall we say about the "domlate several cases have happened in the inant" Greek Orthodox Church in east, when even Russian peasants have Russia? Are there no signs of a embraced Islam. reformation or, at least, of real reform within it? Many devout priests and The Roman Catholic Church is ap- laymen are deploring the dead formalparently preparing in secret a propa- ism of the Church and the autocratic, ganda in Russia on a large scale. oppressive and reactionary govern- New religious currents have also ment of the Holy Synod; but where is shown themselves within this body the spiritual power necessary for the during the last years. Professor birth of the reformation to come from, Luboslavski, in Krakau, has started a so long as the Bible is so little used society called "Eleusis," for the pro- and known? A group of priests in motion of moral culture, and of late it St. Petersburg have formed a society has considerably spread among the for the renovation of the Church, but students of Polish- and Lithuanian- their ideas culminate in changes of speaking districts in southwestern church government rather than in a Russia. It is felt, that to raise the spiritual change. Maybe in time a Polish and Lithuanian nations, it is Greek Orthodox "Free Church" will necessary to raise them morally, and form itself on the lines of the "Old that this can best be attained by a Catholics" in Germany and Austria, spiritual awakening. Students have but even such a movement must spring formed themselves into groups for from spiritual sources. Aspirations studying religious, moral and social for reform are not without serious questions, and some have introduced dangers for a priest, as church disreading the New Testament, too. cipline is very rigid, and the young Ladies have opened their homes to reformer might soon find his zeal shelter young boys-candidates for the cooled in a cloister dungeon. As yet Roman Catholic ministry-from bad no spiritual reform movement within influences, and efforts are made to the Greek Orthodox Church is to be raise the spiritual level of the clergy seen anywhere. and to have the best men appointed to the parish churches. Another move- In Siberia ment, which began with the same object of purifying the Roman Catholic Let us still cast a glance across the Church in western Russia, is the Ural Mountains into Siberia. There Mariavite movement, which soon got live many tribes: the Ostiaks, Yakoots, into collision with the Roman High Tunguzes and others, all nominally Church authorities, and was excom- Ch.ristian, but practically heathen. How much easier mission work must

hc among such trihcs than among op- its mission to Japan, have a deplorahlc posers of Christianity. Round about repntation. the Baikal and eastward of it are the Buddhist Buriats, among whom for- vVhen will the time come when a.• merly a Scotch mission worked. The these Siberian tribes will hear the gos- Kirghizes in southwestern Siberia are pel, which they have never heard in Mohammedans, but genial people and its simplicity and power? God is not fanatical as yet, like the Sarts and doing such marvelous things in other Tatars. The Russian Church is doing parts of the world that we hope a new next to nothing for "Christianizing" time of spiritual activity is at hand all these tribes. A Russian mission to also for Russia, and that He will not Mohammedans has been in existence allow human beings to stand long in for a long time, but with most insig- the way of the furtherance of the nificant results, and Russian missions, gospel. May He· soon open all the in general, with the single exception of doors and send the workers for the needy field of Russia.

THE MULTIPLYING POWER OF A LIFE OF OBEDIENCE * BY BISHOP F. MC DOWELL, D.D., CHICAGO I do always those things which please therefore He can do those things that Him. please Him through me. Unless I thus push my own life up to its highest My meat-the thing I live on-is to do levels God has no fair opportunity to the will of my Father who is in heaven. do anything with it.

Not my will, but Thine be done. In the development of what we call a personality, the philosophers point These are the things that one Per- out that there are four steps. The son has been able to say of Himself. first is self-consciousness. One be- One of those living in the same cen- comes aware of himself as separate tury with Him touched the nerve of from all others, as separate from the the subject in this sentence, "By the world. He becomes aware of himself obedience of One shall many be made as an entity, as a personality; and he righteous." One did it, and the end is says, "1 am." If a man never gets benever to come. yond that, he is a simple egotist. Many a life is spoiled by an exaggerated For the sake of clearness, I mention self-consciousness, and many a life is two or three propositions. First, obe- arrested in its development at that dience to God is man's ~vay of lifting point. his own life to the highest levels of possibility. There is such a thing as a The second stage in the development man's lifting of his own life; there is of a personality is the consciousness of such a thing as a man's own upward power. The individual begins to say, push on his own life that puts his life "1 can." "I can write a letter, I can up to such a level as makes it possible master a problem, I can kick a goal, I for God to do something with it. "I do those things that please Him," and * An address delivered at the Student Volunteer Convention, Rochester, N. Y., January 2, 1910.

Reprinted here by permission of the Student Volunteer Movement.

POWER OF A LIFE OF

can rule the community." If one never stop, and there it can not stop until gets beyond that he becomes a tyrant, the laws of the world are all abrosimply exercising power. gated; for He went on to say, "I lay down my life for the sheep." It is The third stage in the development crowding out in eternal mUltiplication of a personality is the consciousness of until this day. This is the upward obligation which the consciousness of push that a man gives his own life. power brings. Duty shines through one's sense of what he is and can do, In the second place, obedience to the and he says, "I ought. It haunts me highest puts life in harmony with by day and troubles me by night." In those eternal forces that make for this stage he may progress so far as permanence and enjoyment. It is the to say, "I not only ought, but I should house divided against itself that can really like to." This is taking the veil not stand. It is the seed unplanted off many hearts. But many, unless that does not multiply. It is the seed they are fortified by the power of God, planted that links itself with all the go into the world as those who wanted forces of the earth and air and sky and to do and stopt before they did. God life. It is the seed that is planted that must help us to go on. brings forth thirty-, sixty-, an hun- dredfold. It is the single eye that The fourth step in the development sees. It is the one serving one Master of any true personality comes when and not two for whom the stars vie one takes himself and his powers and in their courses. You can do nothing his sense of obligation up into his un- against the truth, but for the truth. conquerable resolution and cries for All things work together for good to time and for eternity, for weal or for people called according to His purwo, "I will." God is standing before pose. Everything cooperates with the you waiting to hear you say that to obedient man. Forces of earth, forces Him and His will for you. of air, forces of sky, forces of right, forces of truth, forces of mercy, forces Or we may approach this goal along of love, forces of goodness all coopertwo paths instead of four. Personality ate with the obedient life. in its first instance is simply self-assertion; and in its second instance is self- In the third place, obedience to God surrender. But in either case it is the puts life into harmony with God so upward push of the man upon his own that He can multiply life. It is not life. merely poetry that declares "one shall chase a thousand." That is truth. It Now let us go back to that supreme is not fiction that declares a larger illustration of it, passing by all im- statement, "two shall put ten thousand perfect illustrations to the one perfect to flight." That is one of the minor case in the person of Jesus Christ. scientific facts of human history. No Listen to the most perfect self-asser- doubt it is true that three could put tion in regard to His own life, "No an unnumbered host to flight, if they man taketh my life from me; I have were all three in right relations with the power to lay it down; I have the God Himself. power to take it again." There the self-assertion might have stopt, and There is a very fine illustration in would have stopt if it had been like the New Testament of this highly that of most men. But there it did not

ml1ltiplying power of obedience. It is "So am 11" (Making up jewels for the story of the lad with the five little the JI aster's crown.) loaves and the two small fishes; the lad who heard the word, "Bring them "I am in business with my father." hither to me," and walked up and put "So am 1." them into the hands of One who made "My father started the business." no bread for Himself after He had "So did mine." fasted forty days, but made bread in "For a long time my father hired quantities for others who had been me." without food for a few hours. The "So did mine." lad saw that marvelous multiplication "Now he has taken me into partnerof his small resources so. that the ship." throngs were fed and there was im- "So has mine." measurably more at the end than there "I used to get wages, but now I get was at the beginning. Some Chris- a share in the profits." tians are wondering what they can "So do 1." (I get a share in the do with their lives to make them count profits. The Welsh revival enlarged for the greatest possible advantage. my spiritual bank account; the Put your lives in the hands of Jesus triumphs in Korea have increased my Christ. In your hands there is not deposits.) enough for you to feed yourself with; The young man then looked up and but in His hands there is enough to said, "I have a new interest in the busifeed the world. ness since I went into partnership. I want to make a good report when I One individual and God can effect get home." such a multiplication of resources as "Bless God," I said, "so do I want business prudence never imagined. to make a good report when I get One with God can multiply a life. Home!" One with God 1 Where are you in At a hotel in Madison, Wisconsin, your relationship, a servant or a part- I sat down to breakfast one morning ner? Which? One with God! Oh, at the same table with a fine young it makes the heart beat fast merely to fellow. Being the elder I said, "Good- say that. It is difficult to go on when morning." one sees the result when once God has His perfect chance in a perfectly obe- "Good-morning," said he; and then dient life. Once there came to earth I saw, what was beautiful to behold, One between whose knowledge and that he was full of the business for whose conduct there was no contrawhich he was in Madison. He did diction, between whose speech and not wait to tell me about it, he was so life there was no break, no chasm. enthusiastic. Once there came One who in youth said, "I must be about my Father's "I am a traveling man," he said. business," and at the end said, with "So am I," was my response. truth, "I have finished the work Thou "This is my first trip out in my gavest me to do." The opportunity present relation." God had in Him God wants again in "It is not quite my first trip out; I us; He wants it to-day and to-morrow am an old hand." "I am in the jewelry business."

I910J MULTIPLYI:–iG POWER OF A LIFE OF

and forever. "All power is given unto the end of Christian culture was the me," said that obedient One, and of development of character. Later I His Church he said: "The gates of caught a word that is much used and hell shall not prevail against it." If believed, that the end of Christian cultwelve disciples could turn the world ture is service. Now I believe that I upside down, what would happen? I have advanced a step farther. God is will change the word-what will hap- trying to teach us to be like Him so pen if four thousand of us fling our that He shall have a people to help lives to-day for perfect obedience into Him, so that being like Him and havthe hands of God ? You can not face ing helped Him they shall be with this matter, you can not turn your Him forever. That makes life inback upon it and ever be the same finitely richer. I suggest that we esagain. tablish a new society, the Order of the Friends of Christ. This is the charter: There is a story that comes out of "Ye are My friends if ye do whatsothe South African war. Brave Gen- ever I command." Who will join? eral Wauchope had been given an This is the oath: "Master, I will folorder to carry out in one of the bat- low Thee." Who will take it? This tles. He knew it to be the impossible is the badge: A cross worn not upon thing-but we know that the task we the breast but in the heart, bearing the are ordered to perform is a perfectly words, "For Jesus' sake." This is the possible task-and the brave general grip: The hands of the member in said, "If I obey this order I lose my the hand of Christ. These are the life; if I disobey it I lose my sword. privileges: Obedience to Him in all If I obey it I shall go into a soldier's lands, service for mankind by all grave; if I disobey it my sword will waters, our work multiplied to the end be stained with disobedience and of time, our reward to hear Him taken away from me forever. I will whisper, "Ye are my friends." obey. There are a thousand things in the world worth losing your life for; Friends! Who will join the Order there is not one honorable thing for of the Friends of Christ under this which it is worth while to lose your charter? sword." We can say: there are a thousand things in the world worth o Lord and Master of us all, giving up your life for; but there is not one thing in the world for which vVhate'er our name or sign, it is worth while to lose your soul. If We own Thy sway; we hear Thy call; I obey I may lose my life; if I disobey We test our lives by Thine. I shall lose my soul. Friends, multiply your life by obeying. Who will be so obedient that his life shall bear that test, and that his life I have come to a new theory of edu- shall be linked with the perfect life of cation. I have lived through two or perfect obedience in the infinitely multhree in my life. I once thought that tiplying power whose beginning only we have seen?

AND ENCOURAGEMENTS IN

BY REV. II. LOOJlTIS, YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Une thing' from which the cause of The teaching of radical and destruc- Christ has greatly suffered in Japan tive critics are also being disseminated has been the harsh criticism of the largely, and they have a special attrac- Japanese by so-calleel Christian people. tion to some because of an assumed They have been accllsed of a de- scientific and scholarly basis.

sire for the glory of conquest, and of On the other hand, the Word of seeking for some occasion to stir up God is spreading and its message of war. Such is far from being the case. life and peace is bringing joy to many The Japanese are a peace-loving peo- troubled and sin-sick hearts. Rev.

pie and have been greatly troubled at Dr. DeForest, of Japan, writes: "The the repetition of such unjust state- thoughts of the Bible are to some ex- ments. The coming of the American tent getting into Japanese novels, into fleet resulted happily, as it gave the the daily press and even into Bud- Japanese a unique opportunity to dem- dhist sermons. I am convinced that onstrate their true spirit, and espe- these thoughts are aiding, uncon- cially their h1g11 regard for the people sciously perhaps, these moral revivals of the United States, as well as grat- which are. touching Japanese life at so itude for the benefit which they have many points." The sales of Testa- received. ments through the American Bible Another hindrance to Christian Society during last year are the largest work is the fact that some men of on record, and the outlook for the learning and ability try to discredit the coming year is especially favorable.

Bible and use their influence to de- There is also an increased spirit of stroy the faith of those who have prayer and expectancy on the part of found light and comfort and life in the Japanese pastors and people. AI- God's Word. One of these men who ready there are signs of a large re- has a high standing as a scholar re- ligious awakening, and it is our con- cently said in a public address, "The fident belief that God will not God in which man believes to-day is no disappoint his people in Japan, and longer the God of the Bible and the that what has been experienced in Church, but the God that manifests Korea and Manchuria, and already to Himself in men's hearts." A prominent some extent in northern Japan, will Japanese speaker said recently: "We be seen more widely, and there will be received our Christianity from Europe a general turning of the people from and America, so it is natural that we the pursuit of the earthly glory and see many defects in it, and it will have pleasures to seek first the Kingdom of to be greatly changed. We wish to God and His righteousness.

blend certain Confucian and Buddhist The popularity of Christian young elements with Christianity. The men who have been selected for posi- Christianity of the future will contain tions as teachers of English in the a mixture of 'vVestern and Eastern government schools continues una- thought-will be a compound of bated. Mr. Mott reports, "There are Buddhism, Confucianism, and Chris- now twenty-four graduates of Amer- tian elements all harmoniously ican and Canadian colleges in as many blended." schools. The extent of their religious influence may be estimated from thc to their convictions, and in spite of fact that they have had an average the opposition of conservative parents attendance at their Bible classes in the and friends, stand true to their repast year of over five hundred, of solves to be active workers in the rewhom thirty-seven received baptism." generation of China.

The Rev. George L. Davis, who is One interesting fact in the progress working among Chinese students in of Christianity in Japan, is that those Tokyo, says that a great number of who hold to the doctrine of the Pres- Chinese students who have come to byterian Church are not only the most Japan are anxiously trying to find numerous but also they constitute to some method of transforming the a large extent the most prominent and Chinese Empire. They eagerly search influential of the Christians. The first the Bible to find there the secret of president of the Lower House of the political strength of the great powers Japanese Diet was a Presbyterian -England, Germany, and the United elder; another Presbyterian elder States. It is surprizing to find the (who was greatly respected and uninumber of men who have read the versally esteemed) held the same pogreater part of the Bible and are sition of president for three successive anxious to find some one to take it terms and died while holding the up and explain it systematically to office. A Presbyterian admiral comthem in Chinese. manded the fleet that destroyed the Russian warships in the harbor of A short time ~go one of the most Chemulpo and opened the late war earnest men I have ever met came and with Russia. The head of the Comasked if we would open a special missary and Pay Department of the Bible class for the naval cadets. As Japanese army during the same wat they were kept within the bounds of was a Presbyterian, and a man whose their school every day but Sunday, we influence is most helpful to Christiangladly opened a special class for them ity wherever he goes. The head of on Sunday morning, and it has been the judicial system which Japan has a pleasure to teach the spick and span recently established in Korea is a leadfuture naval officers of China. One ing member of the Presbyterian of the young men has taken a most de- Church and takes a deep interest in termined stand for Christ, and in the spiritual as well as the material spite of the laughs of some of his com- welfare of that interesting people. He rades, spends his spare time in trying is president of the Y. M. C. A. in to lead them to Christ. Quite a num- Seoul and preaches, or speaks, in ber of these young men have bought churches on Sunday as he has oppor- Bibles and are busily engaged in read- tunity. ing them. In the Japanese Diet there were These young Christian men are full fourteen Christians and seven of that of plans to establish schools and start number were Presbyterians. Another papers and build churches to regen- is the head of a Christian printing erate their fellow countrymen upon company which has four hundred their return; and we are praying most employees and prints the Scriptures earnestly that when they return they for Japan, Korea, China and the may have the courage to remain firm

Philippine Islands. With men of demand of the native churches to be such a typc as the leaders the future free from foreign domiv,ation is not of Christianity in Japan is full of hope. only reasonable but really the true God has wonderfully blest this work polity. There will be mistakes (and in the past. We are confident that what people has not made them), but He will continue His favor upon it in one thing is sure, the future of Christhe days to come. tianity in Japan rests in the ability of the native churches to manage their The chief and almost only dis- own affairs. couraging features are the deadening influences of the weak and rationalistic There has been a movement to unite Christianity which is prevalent in all evangelical Christians into one Christian lands. The Christianity of great body, and a committee has been the liberal sects has but a small fol- appointed to consider the matter and lowing and almost no influence. It agree, if possible, on some plan; but is only a Christianity which em- the wide differences of theological phasises the cross of Christ that has views, as well as strong preference power in heathen as well as Christian for particular forms of Church govlands. ernment, seem to make the accom- plishment of any such scheme not There is one thing in which the feasible. At the same time the union Japanese Christians as well as business of bodies which are one in doctrine men are preeminent, and that is the and church polity is continually lessenability to do things. They have in a ing the differences among the churchremarkable degree the capacity to members and proving beneficial to the seize and t1tiW~€ whatver is admirable whole work. in other lands. The success of their parliament, the army, the navy, their What is to be the final outcome of merchant marine, their educational in- Christian propagandism in Japan is stitutions of all kinds, as well as in- not yet fully evident. Judging also ternational improvements, is due to this from present conditions, the type of fact. What has been done in other Christianity will not differ in its eslands is now being accomplished in sential elements from what is met with the propagation of Christianity. The in other and Christian lands. Such same ability to manage their own af- modifications as it may undergo will fairs is not only evidenced, but it is not change its character, and as her a striking fact that the growth of the armies and navies have made a record various sects is just in proportion to which the world has never before the amount of control that is exer- equaled, so the Christian forces may cised by the native Christians. This be relied upon to set the pace in the is particularly true in membership and forward march of the Lord's hosts in church contributions. Therefore, the the conquest of the world for Christ.

INTO THE UNITED STATES IN

BY LOUIS MEYER The annual report of the Commis- into the country by arriving aliens was sioner-General of Immigration for the $17,331,828, or an average of about fiscal year ending June 30, 1909, has $23 per person. But let the reader not just been published. It is a most in- forget that this information is at best teresting document and the statistical fallacious, since immigrants can not tables tell a valuable story, which must be forced to either show all the money be pondered especially in view of the which they have in their possession or efforts which are now being made in prove that the money shown is not Congress to restrict all immigration to provided by relatives or friends al- an extent which would be almost ready in this country, or borrowed equivalent to exclusion. otherwise. It is worth while to men- After the great decrease in the num- tion in this connection that almost one- ber of immigrants during the fiscal third of all immigrants admitted were year 1908 and in the first half of the assisted by others to reach this coun- past fiscal year, immigration is rapidly try, according to their own admission, reassuming its average proportions" but that undoubtedly a far larger per- tho the total for 1909, which is 751,- centage than that had its passage paid 786, is still 31,084 less than the total by relatives or other persons.

for 1908 and 533,563 less than the The number of intending immi- total for I907, the banner year in im- grants debarred in 1909 was IOAIl, migration. The first six months of or 1.09 per cent, 491 less than in I908, 1909 show, however, considerable in- when the percentage was 1.18.

creases over the corresponding months A special table shows the occupa- of 1908. In 1909, the actual increase tion of aliens entering and leaving the in the alien population of the country, country during the fiscal year 1909, after deducting the emigrants, was segregated into professional, skilled, 7I8,433, or 333,976 more than in 1908. miscellaneous, and no occupation. Of Of the total number of immigrant "professional," 8,086 immigrated and aliens admitted, 624,876 were between 1,806 emigrated; of "skilled," 87, I60 the ages of I4 and 44, while 88,393 immigrated and 21,9I9 emigrated; of were under I4, and 38,517 were 45 or "miscellaneous" (induding common over. laborers and servants), 435,247 immi- Of those over I4 years of age, I9I,- grated and 141,872 emigrated, and of 049 (I41,871 males and 49,178 fe- "no occupation" (including women and males) could neither read nor write, children), 22I,293 immigrated and 30,- and 2,431 (1,332 males and 1,099 fe- 497 emigrated, while the occupations males) could read but not write. Thus of 29,708 emigrants, who left via the illiterates (193,480) admitted in Canada, remained unknown. Of farm 1909 amounted to 29 per cent, while laborers, I7I,31O immigrated and only in 1908 the i1Iiterates amounted to 26 2,980 emigrated; of common laborers, per cent (in I907, 30 per cent, and in 174,800 immigrant aliens arrived and 1906, 28 per cent, while the number of I18,936 emigrant aliens departed, and immigrants was much larger than in of servants, 64,568 immigrated and 190 9). 1O,I59 emigrated. The report well The total amount of money brought says, "These figures seem to bear out

the general impression that the so- have enabled them to compare the imcalled 'bird-of-passage' element of our migrants of different races in 1909 as immigration is constituted largely of far as occupations are concerned, but the unskilled," we do not have space, and therefore limit ourselves to a table giving the Turning now to the races or peoples figures concerning our Italian, Polish, immigrating in Ig09, we quote to our and Hebrew immigrants, believing readers the figures concerning some that these races live under quite eimduring the past three years, ilar educational advantages (or disad- vantages) in the countries whence RACE OR PEOPLE. 1909 1908 1907 they come, especially since more than 70 per cent of the Hebrew immigrants Italians, North-South .•• 190,398 1:15,247 294,061 came from Russia and Rumania. (See 68,105 138,033 table at bottom of page.) Polish …………….. 77,565 73,038 (;erman …………… 58,534 92,936 In bringing this table before our Hebrew …………… 57,551 103,387 149,182 readers, we would warn them against English …………… 39,021 49,056 making it alone an argument for Scandinavian ………. 34,996 32,789 51,126 greater or less desirability of the Irish ……………… 31,185 36,427 53,425 members of these races as immigrants, Magyar ……….•…• 28,704 24,378 38,706 since many other things should be 16,170 60,071 considered in that question beside oc- Slovak ……………. 22,586 28,808 42,041 cupation. 20,472 46,283 Greek ………••….•• 20,262 12,881 47,826 The report calls especial attention to 17,014 the large proportion of immigration Croatian and Slovanian. 20,181 12,361 9,392 from southern and eastern Europe French …………..•• 19,423 5,682 20,516 during the fiscal year 1909, as it has 13,720 24,081 been for a number of years. Italy, Scotch …••.•…….•• 16,446 6,746 Austria-Hungary, Greece, Turkey, Ruthenian …………. 15,808 17,111 91 and the small principalities surround- Mexican ………….. 15,591 16,418 25,884 ing, and the Russian Empire, fnr- Lithuanian …………• 15,254 14,860 nished 67 per cent of the total immi- Finnish …………… 11,687 16,807 gration. The report says, "The Russian •………•..•• 10,038 30,824 bureau has repeatedly calleel attention to the interesting and important eco- Japanese •………..•• 3,275 nomic problem constituted by this in- crease in the influx of peoples so dif- The reader sees at once that more ferent racially from the original setimmigrants came from Italy than tlers of the country-peoples who, in from any other country. In fact, the their antecedents, ideas, ideals (poimmigrants from Germany, England, litical and social), and methods of life Ireland, Scotland, France, and Scandinavia numbered altogether 198,630, while those from Italy alone were 190,398. Of these Italian immigrants 25,150 (in 1908, 24,700, and in 1907, 5J,564) came from northern Italy, and 165,248 (in 1908, 1IO,547, and in 1907,2420497) from southern Italy.

Of the total 75I,786 immigrants 220,865, or 29-4 per cent, declared that the State of New York was their intended place of residence (of Hebrews 60.2 per cent, of Italians 39.9 per cent, of Poles 23.S per cent).

Ve would have liked to have placed before our readers a table which would ~ OCCUPATION. __. __ '[ _ _Italian. I ______ Polish. ! Hebrew.

-P-r-of-e-ss-io-n-al-..-.-.~……………… 488=0.2 per cent. I 66=0.99 per cent. I 456=0.8 per cent.

Skilled …….•………..•••…• , 13,423=7.1 per cent. 2,458=3.17 per cent. 18,219=31.6 per cent. lIiscell!l11eous ………..•… ,' … '1132.603=69.6 per cent. 57.863=70.6 per cent. 9,761=17 per cent. None, 1I1cludlng women and _cllllJrenr43,884==23.1 per cent_ l.7,178=22.14 per cent. i 29,115=50.6 _~~~._~ent.

Laborers, common and farm .•….• I 123,275 lI 46.69-t j 4,469 Servants …………………… 5,165 I 10,954 ' 3,194

IM}'I[GRATION INTO THE UNITED STATES IN

and thought are quite distinct from anarchist, 69 "criminals," 261 im- the Teutonic and Celtic stocks, from which our immigration was so many moral women, and 30 procurers were years derived. What will be the re- apprehended within the country and sult of a continuance of this prepon- deported. derance is a question which concerns every thoughtful patriotic American The campaign so successfully in- CItizen. From our point of view, at augurated against alien prostitutes least, heterogeneousness in a matter of and procurers in 1908 has been folthis kind is undesirable, homogeneous- lowed up systematically and unreness desirable. There can be but little mittingly, and a general investigation homogeneity between the people of covering all of the largest cities in the southern and eastern Europe and the United States has been made. We do real American. Several generations not wonder that the results of this inare required to produce assimilation, vestigation were chiefly negative, even under favorable circumstances." since a recent United States Supreme Court decision (213 U. S., 138) is to In explanation of this increased and the effect that the Federal Governstill increasing inflow of Iberic and ment can not constitutionally control Slavic people, the report states the the keeping of aliens in houses of illpoor political and social conditions in fame, that being a part of the police the native countries of these people, power of the States. The report efthe natural desire to better their con- fectively shows that, if the outrageous dition, and the wish for liberty of evil of white slavery is to be eradithought and conscience, but it does not cated, the States and municipalities hesitate to add that the bureau is con- must exercise their undoubted authorvinced that this increased inflow is the ity and power for its control and consequence of "artificially induced" eradication. immigration chiefly. The promoter, usnally a steamship agent, or a pro- The whole annual report of the fessional money-lender, or both, is Commissioner-General of Immigration blamed, and, to some extent, the is a most interesting and important steamship lines, and the whole matter document. Vividly and clearly it is called "a crying shame." Such brings before its reader the greatest artificially stimulated immigration is problem before the Christian patriot pronounced undesirable and the pe- in the United States, "What shall we nalizing of it by law is suggested. The do with these multitudes who come to draft of a proposed new immigration our shores?" or, better still, "Why act is appended to the report. does the Lord bring to us these mul- titudes of non-Protestant and non- Under "Moral Condition of Aliens" Christian peoples?" God grant that, attention is paid to the attempts of without hesitation, we answer the keeping out of the country the latter question, saying, "He brings anarchistically and criminally inclined them to our shores that we make them and the degenerate in sexual morality. partakers of our blessings, of liberty It is shown that 273 "criminals," 323 and earthly riches, of culture and of immoral women, and 181 procurers of education; bnt, above all, of the unwomen have been rejected, and I speakable treasures which are III Christ Jesus, our Lord."

A SOLOMON ISLAND

BY NORTH COTE DECK, M.B., CH.M.

South Sea Evangelical Mission, Tttlagi, Solomon Islands In a large bay on the east coast of would have stretched so far; for the Malayta, in the Solomon Islands, lie man was old and hoary-headed and two small islets called Nongasila wizened, and his skin fell in wrinkles.

and Kwai. They are some two hun- His name was Toraam, one of the dred yards apart and each is an island island witch-doctors. God in His ten acres in extent. At low tide they loving kindness sent him months of are joined together by a sand-bar. They sickness till his old body was worn out are screened from the open ocean by with pain and weariness. Like many the island of Leili and by long lines of another, he was far more concerned far-stretching coral reefs. The mis- about the saving of his body than of sion-house is on the landward side of the saving of his soul; and it was this Nongasila, the innermost island, and care of the body which was used of the ship Evangel anchors in limpid God to break through the wall that blue water off a dazzling white beach Satan had built up through long years and in perfect safety. Outwardly of sin.

these islands are the m:ost beautiful in Everything else failed, so he decided Malayta, but the people are among to try what the missionary could do, the most superstitious and opposed to and at last he allowed Mr. Watkinson Christianity of any with whom we are to come and sit with him. Many dealing. visits followed when the "way" was If hatred and dread of the New explained, and he was brought into Way run high on Nongasila, on Kwai God's presence in prayer. Meanwhile they are more iptense, more bitter, the seed being sown it was watered by more aggressive. We bought some the fervent and persistent prayers of land at Kwai a few years ago for a the Christians, who watched eagerly station, but we have never been able for any change of heart.

to occupy it. All that the workers are Pleurisy set in, and in despair he allowed to do is to treat a few sick sent a pig to the mainland to be sac- folk and to tell of Jesus in the open rificed to the Akalo, and a strange air. K wai is black darkness, and yet thing happened; for some reason we here we believe that God chose and can not find out, the offering was sent won for Himself a trophy for His back, the local witch-doctor refusing crown. In the "great multitude. . . . to make the sacrifice. This should out of every tribe and nation and peo- have brought misfortune; but, stranger ple and kingdom," who praise the still, in spite of this slight to his an- Lamb with harps in their hands in cestors, the man grew better. "Sure- shining robes, came one from Kwai. ly," he thought, "the white man's When he left here he had no "wed- God must be powerful."

ding garment." A dingy loin-cloth All this time he had lain in semi- and a few spears were his only attire. darkness in the low humpy, which No one would have expected such a served him for home. At last he was one to hunger and thirst and then to able to get outside and lie down in find; it was a miracle, and not even the sun and on the white sand. 'Then, the faith of the native Christians too, he began to pray a little himself, and said he did trust in Jesus, tho his Played to old airs of sin and pain, 'till it mind was very dark and clouded. was broken with the strain; Then it was thought wise that he should come across to the chtll-ch and But even yet, when Someone brings the openly confess Christ, so that it might Savior's touch the poor worn strings help strengthen him. Nake frol11 his heart of bygone years a lly sister and Miss Dring were I11miic that is blind with tears." rather afraid to take him at first, for if he had caught cold and died it The gospel had been long coming would have roused the whole island. from Calvary; but, thank God, it So they waited and prayed, and one reached 1Jalayta across the sea in time warm, fine, sunny day rowed across for him. the reef and landed on the white, glistening sanel a few yards from Can you follow him across the beach Toraam's house, from the little jetty, over the low coral wall and along the gravel path He came out of his hut, through the to the school? Can you imagine the smoke, stooping double under the low hush of expectancy that awaited him door as he came into the clear air. His as he was led to a seat in the church old eyes were blinking with the bright for the first time? or the fervency of sunlight and the glare of the white the prayers that day? or how the sand, With shuffling steps he was dingy school must have been transhelped to the boat by willing hands. figured with hope and thankfulness The men of the island were all out and joy? What overflowing hearts wading long-legged in the reefs the workers had! Times like this do around catching fish or he might not come every day at Nongasila, but never have been allowed to go; as it they are worth working for, was, his wife and daughter protested shrilly and attempted to hold him back. The service over, the old man wanted to stay in the house adjoining But at last he was safely seated in the school, but he was so frail and the boat and off for Nongasila. I feeble they were afraid. So he was have thought sometimes of the con- ferried carefully back to Kwai, none trast between the bright colors of the the worse for the journey. He came coral and the rapid flash of gaily- across several times, and many times tinted fish, with their abundant life, in was visited in his own house and the still, clear water below and sepa- seemed true. Then the time came for rated from them only by the thin him to die, "to depart and be with boards of the boat the worn-out, used- Christ which is far better." The Masup, decrepit sinner, made in the image ter wanted him and he fell sick. With of Gael, now almost merely a human his sickness clouds came back to his coffin, sinning and still living, but soon sky. to go to give account. Truly he had been a desperate case. His heathen relations urged sac- rificing to the devil that he might re- "l1is body warped and brown and thill, cover, At first he stood firm; but at is like some Cjuaint old violin, length his poor shrinking body gave in, and they had their way with him. Played 'till it' hears the lasting trace, of He was painted with red betel-nut, fed the old master's hand and face, with potions and surrounded with

spells; but all to no avail-he passed left them and useless now to him, and • out into the beyond. one thinks of other more uncanny ob- jects connected with his trade; bam- Poor Toraam; he was very young, boos for catching the spirits of the this old man, very young in the faith. dead, bags of holy earth for hanging Who shall blame him? I think the round the neck, medicines and spells. Master, remembering Peter and What does he think of them all now? others, would say, "Neither do I condemn thee." Somehow it made one pause and think, think of the long life spent year I visited his house months after- after year, year after year, sinning ward with my sister, crossing in the and leading others into sin, never boat as he crossed. Reaching the hut, thinking of the ship coming over thc we doubled under the door and sea, with thc glad tidings which were straightened up as far as possible in to change the world for him just at the dark inside. As our eyes became the end. His life seemed like a long, accustomed to the gloom and smarted dark, lowering day when the sun has from the acrid smoke, I made out the been hidden in thick, heavy clouds and figure of his widow and his daughter, is waiting to break through into a in deep mourning, covered with ashes. beautiful sunset just before it sinks Secluded as they had been for over a behind the western hills. So a little hundred days in that dismal atmos- before the end the Sun of Righteousphere, they looked haggard and drawn ness shone forth into his heart. and thin, while they waited for permission from the dead man's spirit to Then we went home in the quiet of dig- up his skull and come back to the the evening, very much softened and sunlight. glad that we were in I-lis service for the winning of more of these people Then, going into the inner r00111 for Him. with something of reverent curiosity, one took mental note of what the old I hilve told you this man's story not man had left behind. Stacked away so much as a history of victory, but under the rafters were things he has more as a picture of the fight which no use for now, for he is employed goes on, day and night, down here on differently. Round the walls they the "firing line," to make vivid to you hung in serried array, queer-looking the issues of life and death. The objects, such as crabs' claws and battle-field is peopled with such men fishes' heads, berries and nuts, black, and women and the battle goes this sooty basins for cooking and eating way and that as YOll pray and forget. out of, hand- and trawl-nets, spears and arrows, all lying where he had Do YOll forget? May God help us to remember and to remcm bel' to help.

AND THE RELICS OF

BY REV. E. M . WHERRY, D.D., LUDHIANA, INDIA It was a ceremony of much pomp in rection Dr. Spooner set to work, and Calcutta when the recently discovered after much protracted and for some ashes of Buddha were solemnly com- time most discouraging effort, he was mitted to the care of the Buddhist rep- rewarded by discovering a stone chamresentatives of Burma, who shall in ber some twenty feet below the level due course find a resting-place for of the ground, in which was found a them in a new pagoda to be specially casket containing the sacred ashes of erected for the purpose in Mandalay. Gautama Buddha. This relic casket stood just where it had been placed The discovery of these relics was no two thousand years ago. On the less wonderful than the finding of the casket itself was a figure of a king jewels of Helen in the ruins of Troy. identical with the effigies of Kanishka Following the clew given in the wri- which appeared on his coins, and the tings of the three great Chinese travel- name which was written in Kharoshti ers, Fa Hien, Sung Yun and Hiuen alongside this figure seemed to be that Thsang, who visited India at various of Kanishka. Moreover, a coin of the times between the fourth and seventh Emperor was found close by, which centuries of the Christian era, and alone would have been enough to inwho told of a great temple, built by dicate the date of the deposit. Thus the Buddhist Emperor Kanishka, a the statement of Hiuen Thsang that i'rench savant, M. Foucher, located it this pagoda was erected by the Emas situated in some mounds east of peror Kanishka was proved to be per- Peshawur. Excavation was made by fectly correct, and thus the relics were the archeological department of the identified. Govern!l1ent of India under the director, Mr. Marshall. Under his di- One feels like bowing the head to

I'll E MISS [UN , R Y [{ EV [E W 0 [0 'I'll E WURLD lScl'tembcr

the historian and making a resolve to wonders whether such a man, in his read again the many discredited wandering and flight for refuge to stories found in ancient history. Christian rulers, ever reflects upon the As soon as this discovery was made, . heartless cruelty of Tibetans toward efforts were made to discover a suit- strangers. Ever since the visit of the able custodian. Clamorous cries were Indian force and the generous treat- made in all parts of the Buddhist ment which was shown to non-C0111- world. The claims of many were lis- batants in Lassa, and the subsequent tened to before finally deciding to visit of the Tashi Lama to India, the bestow the honor upon llandalay. door to the Lama's dominions has ;,Jatnrally, the votaries of Buddhism been opening" wicler than ever before.

are filled with joy, and hopes are being The Moravian Brethren. who have entertained that the cause of Bud- been Cjuietly laying siege to that coun- dhism will now be raised from the try. pouring in printed messages 0 f ashes. These hopes are, however, vain. the gospel through the medium of The very ashes of Buddha scatterecl traders, will soon be ill a position to here and there, ministel'ing no service do a more aggressive work.

to others, are a symbol of the mori- Are these me11 attractive and do bund faith in Burma and in India, they promise to bring strength to the where the Buddhists are scattered cause of Christ's kingdom? One look along in the Himalayas from Darje1ing at the group of Lamas will show the to l'eshawur. Beginning as it did in reader the character and strength of an agnostic attitude toward God, de- these faces. If they were presented in nying the need of atonement for sin. the ordinary habiliments of Christian the Buddhist zeal for a moral reform gentlemen they might readily be taken wore itself out in its failure to satisfy for Europeans. The Church needs be the longing of men for reconciliation ready to seize the opportunity to evan- with God. The Buddha became to gelize these strong men of the north.

them God, the Buddhisat a demi- It is not impossible that, like the god. The land was filled with images Koreans, these should be rapidly and relics and sacred steepas ant! Christianized and become missionaries pagodas. Even these have in many to the less virile tribes on the south places crumbled to dust. and India, China and Burma.

The chief center of Buddhism has lludclhisl11 is IJfeparing to build a been the home of the grand lama and temple to hold the ashes of a small sec- the capital the city of Lhasa, but Tibet tion of the body of Buddha and hopes has ceased to be the impenetrable that enthusiasm will be born of this kingdom it once seemed to be, and is dust to inspire a revival of their re- now open to the advent of the gospel ligion. ·Will not the Christian Church messenge1'. The Dalai Lama is a by the power of the Holy Spirit build refugee in India, seeking in vain the up the temple made of living stones to intervention of Christian powers to the glory of Christ in Tibet? Already replace him upon his throne. One the foundations are being laid.

-N "OX-O-MOB1LE" IN BR1TISH EAST AFRICA ihe roads

}.frs. Hiebe and .gncs Hurlburt, of the Africa Inland Mission, on the sledge. good, but the missionaries have no wagon WANGUHU'S WIFE BY L. M. :vr., KIJBI, BRITISH EAST AFJUC.

One of the serious problems which need. Let us ask Him about it ?" young' men in Central Africa who have After prayer Wang'ulm was warned been desirous of becoming Christians that if he should marry a woman who have had to face has been the question, did not love God, she would make life "How can I find a Christian wife?" a burden to him, and he was urged to It is the custom of all the tribes of wait befOl'e marrying, even tho it Africa to buy their wives, paying' should be a very long time, until he from thirty to one hundred sheep or could find a woman who would be a goat;, or the equivalent in cattle. As real help to him in his Christian life. polygamy prevails the wealthy men He agreed. altho it seemed almost im- Ill1Y several wives. some of the larger Jlossible that such a woman could he chiefs having more than fifty. vVhen found, as they were prevented by tl~<c:ir a young man leaves the native customs fathers and owners from l11akillg'~rty and dress, and more particularly the profession of faith in Christ. One native sins, he is usually not only man-one of the most peaceable of ridiwled by his fellows, 11l1t he must those living near the station-said not bear the scoffing of the young women. long ago to his wife, "If YOll ever go lip ancl kneel at the altar, praying Gael 1'anguhu. one of our young be- to save YOll, I will heat you when you lievers, as he approached the time get home." This same woman said when most young men marry, went to to Miss Hurlburt. wh(?11 the latter sug- ;'II r.Huriburt. the director of the mis- gested the wisdom of accepting Jesus sion, and asked for help in selecting a as her Savior, "YOll white women cal wife. lIr. Hurlburt could only say, do that; YOll can please God. but we "God has promised to supply every

must please our husbands. If wc do daughter of l<ithiomi). Wanguhu not please thcm, we not only clo 110t had been a falllous place among the get clothes, but we get beaten until g irls of the community, and Kabura, life is not worth living." like many other young women, greatly Wanguhu, knowing that thcre was admired him. vVanguhll watched her no Christian girl of his tribe, tried to. work, and by inquiring among people arrange for one whom he knew well who knew her, found that she was in- to come to the mission to l?e trained. dustrious, of exceptionally pleasant dis- At first her father agreed, believing position, and he observed that she was that nothing would come of it. a pretty girl. He talked with her vVanguhu paid a few sheep fo r her, father, and after a conversation with and then asked that she be sent to the her, to his delight he learned that she mission to study; but her father re- Vas 1I0t only willing but eager to leave fused . The result was that the shcep her people and come to the mission were sent back, and the outlook for a station. As the acquaintance ripened wi fe for 'vVanguhu seemed darker she told him that she would come even than ever. I-Ie was firm, however, in if they beat her, and that she would his deci sion not to have a wife unless become his wife. Her father agreed, he could have one who would love God and vVanguhu, gathering all the sheep ami help hill! in his Christian life. he had , and as many as his brothers Later Wanguhu found a girl named would give him, paid for the girl.

Kabura wa Kithiomi (Kabura the 'iVhen. however, the usual time al- A G1KUY U HUT WITH A WOMAN GRINDING CORN The women are shown in their native dress. Afler becoming Christians lhey wt:ar a gown

WANGUTlU'S

IlJVyed by the cnsto;lls of the people hy coarse and often lewd jokes from after her purchase had elapsed, her her girl acquaintances. ,t first it did father indignantly refused to allow not occur that any other course was her to go. Then Wanguhu invited open, but later, as he thought of the Kithiomi to come to the mission and evil of those days of pretended sorrow, become acquainted with us, and to see he determined that it should not be, for himself that the missionaries were and through the help of Miss Hurlnot lions. The old man lived some burt he talked with Kabma, and perdistance from the mission, and the suaded her to go quietly to her new strange dress, language and customs home. of the missionaries only confirmed him in the determination that his daughter As Wanguhu was called the misshould never become like them. The sionary's son by the people about the only concession he would make was mission, it became Mr. I-Iurlburt's that the girl should not live at the place to tell her that she need not mission, but some distance away with mourn. Miss Hurlburt arranged for Wanguhu's mother. This Wanguhu a wedding feast, and went with several would 110t agree to do, and once more of the missionaries to their home to his sheep were sent back. After much celebrate the happy event which was earnest prayer, he again wcnt to con- thus consummated without the evil fer with Kithiomi. customs of the people. The little bride was very timid, having never been Kabura had meanwhile said to among white people; but soon, through Vanguhu that she loved him, would the influence of Miss Alta and the not be the wife of anyone else, and prayers of her husband, began to pray, would run away if she could and go and finally made open confession of to him. Wanguhu knew that this faith in Jesus Christ as her Savior. wonld mean an almost endless controversy with her father, so hoped and Wanguhu, meanwhile, was jeered at prayed for a more peaceable arrange- by all his acquaintances, and wherever ment. To the surprize of many of the he went-at his ,york and in the path missionaries who knew how strong the -was sneered at as the man who had feeling was, Wanguhu's conference 110t properly married his wife. The was successful, and old Kithiomi patience with which he bore these agreed that his daughter might go to taunts was marveled at by all who Vangnhu and be under his control knew his naturally violent temper. alone. Arrangements were therefore made that she might work in the gar- Recently Kabura had repeatedly dens near the mission. And Wangul1ll asked to be baptized, and to put on the was expected to conform to the usual clothing of civilized folk. Vanguhu custom of finding her at work, take earnestly seconded her wish, and it her by main force, and amid her was hoped that her desire mig'ht soon screams of pretended sorrow at leav- be gratified. vVanguhu's surprize an(1 ing her home and freeclom, to carry grief may, therefore, be imagined, her away to his house, where she whcn she Clme to him one morning, would remain for three or four days after a visit from her older brother, weeping and wailing, comforted (?) and said: "YOLl must send me away to one of your brothers. I will be his ife; btlt T will not stay with you. If

you refuse 1 will leave you and go to her father might say, she would remy father." With this declaration main as Wanguhu's wife, and would she went away to work for the day in put on proper clothing. A few days her gardens. vVangl.lhu soon found later her father, mother and brother the cause of the trouble. Her brother came quite determined to carry out had frightened her, and said that their threat to carry her away unless neither he nor his father would per- she abandoned her purpose. Dut after mit her to put on the clothing of white a conference with 1J1'. Hurlburt and a people. vVanguhu refused to eat dur- somewhat lengthy discussion with ing the day, giving his time outside of Wangl1hu, the matter was not only school hours to prayer. The mis- happily adjusted, but her own mother sionaries were called together for a helped her to remove all the fantastic brief season of prayer that God might ornaments from her ears and head, overrule and cause His own will to and gave full permission to follow prevail in the matter. That evening whatever course she deemed to be was the regular weekly prayer-meet- right. Thus the first Christian native ing inWanguhu's house, and several home at Kijabe was left in peace. mIssIOnaries were present. Early in the meeting Kabura prayed, asking Kabl1ra has since been baptized, and God to forgive her the wicked we trust that friends will pray that thoughts she had had during the morn- this home may be a beacon-light for ing, saying' that about noon God had many of the darkened ones of Africa, enabled her to pray, and that now her to WhO:ll "ho:ne" has meant but little. heart was glad and she was willing to and the marriage relation has been to do God's will. After the meeting she the wife only an inevitable stage of the told her brother that whatever he or monotonous course of a hopeless life. Christ is the only hope of Africa.

"THEY ALSO SERVE"

"Vho long to labor in another sphere Yet bravely do the duties lying near, Let such remember for their hope and cheer, They also serve.

Vho, bearing patiently from day to day Such pain as saps the joys of life away, Can still, "God's will be done," with white lips say, They also serve.

These-when the waiting time at last is o'er, These-on the limitless Eternal Shore, Shall know, where pain and parting are no more, They also served. -B. M. WILLS.

YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN

IIY RE'. J. 11. DE FOREST, D.ll., SEND"'I, .TAI'.]; "lissiol1ary of the .l1WriCall n( a:"d In looking back over the last twenty sionaries joined him and worked with years of foreign missionary work, I all our might to give the pupils the am greatly imprest with two facts, best eclucation possible. Since we the change in the political conditions, could buy no land nor build houses in and change in religious thought. our own names, Mr. Ichihara kindlv First, then, the political change. lent us his name and employed us ;t Twenty years ago the Japanese people a nominal salary of one yen a month, had become very restless and dis- if I remember correctly. And thus we satisfied with the" treaties that classed built three houses in Sendai.

them with such backward nations as At first we were cordially welcomed Turkey, Egypt, China and Siam. But in Sendai by the authorities and peo- Western powers were unwilling to ple, so that not only the school but also grant equal treaties to Japan so long the church work became very success- as she had no parliament, no open ful, extending to Aizu on the south codes of civil and criminal and com- and t9 Mizusawa on the north. But mercial law, and was stilI practising in two or three years the reaction set trial by torture. in against the school and against us This wide-spread political dissatis- foreigners. Ve were often rudely in- faction very seriously affected our sulted and laughed at on the streets missionary work. We could not travel and called "Akashige," "Nekobaba,"

in the interior without passports, and "Ketojin," and filthy writings ap- the Government would give no pass- peared on our fences. Even stones port except for the purpose of scien- were thrown at us and at our win- tific investigation or of health. So dows. I therefore advocated the when we traveled in the interior we closing of the school, which was done gave as our purpose, scientific re- after five years. But I stayed in search, for the authorities kindly per- Sendai to do evangelistic work, tho it mitted us to interpret scientific inves- became more and more discouraging tigation as including religious work. for me. The Christians, however, Such passports forbade our living in stood bravely by their colors and the the interior. and so we could make evangelists did earnest self-sacrificing only short preaching trips. work. In those trying days were laid nut missionaries were not satisfied the foundations of the four churches, with mere preaching tours; we wanted Kumi-ai, that have since become in- to establish our homes in various dependent, and I may add that owing cities all over Japan, build schools to the zeal of the Christians and the and churches, and carryon prolonged generosity of an American wi<low who missionary work in various ways. contributed about 3,500 yen, there are The government. however, would not now five Kumi-ai church buildings.

permit us to buy land or build houses But hatred of the humiliating trea- in our own names. Ve could hold no ties grew year after year, and nat- fixt property in the interior. So when- urally a corresponding dislike of for- ever a missionary wished to reside in eigners increased, until at last the the interior, he could only clo so by newspapers began to call those J apa- being employed by a Japanese to teach nese who lent their names to for- English, or in rare cases to teach the eigners and held their houses for T1ible. them, "Traitors to Japan," and the In this way I came to Sendai, Meiji feeling against them became so violent T9th, with Dr. Joseph Neesima, who that they asked to be relieved of the had been invited bv M r. Tomita odium of holding our property. So.

Tetsunosuke to establish a branch since there was no other way, we gave Doshisha school there. Mr. M. Ollr houses to the Doshisha with- the rehihara was the principal of this understanding that we have the use Tokwa Gokko. and four of us mis- of them for thirty years, on condition

that we pay an annual rent of 30 yen teresting incident. About ten years and keep the houses in repair. ago, when the reaction was very severe and we missionaries were looked down In Meiji 27 I took my family to the upon by the people of Tohoku, and United States to educate the four Christianity was regarded as having children. On my return to Sendai I no value for Japan, I went to our decided to elevate myself to a deeper Legation in Tokyo and said to Minisstudy of the Japanese people, their ter Buck: "We missionaries in Senfamily life, their moral and religious dai are the largest American comaims, their history and heroes, and munity in any interior city of Japan. what is called Yamato damasshi. ;Ve have sincerely tried to do our missionary work well and to win the Then when the famine came in confidence of the people, but they re- Tohoku, all of us in Sendai appealed gard us of very little account, and to the world in the name of humanity seem to think that in the United States to show their kind hearts, and thus we also we have no special influence. But brought many tens of thousands of if you would kindly come to Sendai dollars into these suffering and pitiable and visit us, then the people would see homes. that our minister resident in Tokyo re- gards us highly and thus our station On going to America in Meiji 39, I would be greatly advanced in the estifound that many misunderstandings of mation of the people. I beg you to Japan hac! become current, and there was a wide feeling of suspicion that come." Japan would probably soon make war He cordially assented, and with against the United States. So I spent the most of my time in showing on Mrs. Buck came to Sendai as the the platform and in the press the real guest of the thirty American men and heart and purpose of Japan, always women missionaries. vVe showed him claiming unhesitatingly that Japan was the schools and churches, and then one of our best friends, and that we took him to lIatsushima, where we never could solve the problems of in- had a most enjoyable day. ,The city ternational intercourse without the authorities and chief people wanted to cordial cooperation of Japan. give our minister a very cordial wel- come and invited him to a public din- In all this study of history and in- ner, but he told them that he had ternational law, and in explaining the come as the guest of the resident heart of Japan to America, I have felt :mericans, and if their plans would that this work is one necessary way permit of his acceptance he would to preach the gospel of the fatherhooc1 g-Iadly do so. We therefore altered of God and the brotherhood of man. our plans so that the minister could So long as there is unjust treatment of accept the hospitality of the city. I a non-Christian nation bv means of noticed that from that time we mishumiliating treaties, or ~o long as sionaries began to be more highly rethere are bitter feelings and suspicions garded by the city people. And since of war bv sections of so-called Chris- then we have taken great pains to intian nati~ns, the very heart awl soul vite distinguished American scholars, of missionary work are severely dam- diplomats, and preachers to visit aged. So I have worked not only to Semlai, and the authorities and city aid and help build up Christian people have always given them a most churches, but I have tried to remove cordial welcome. Among these guests misunderstandings and suspicions be- have been Dr. C. C. Hall, president of tween Japanese and missionaries, and Union Seminary; President Jordan, between the United States and Japan, of Stanford University; Professor and thus to make an atmosphere of Brown, of Hoston University; United 1l1l1tual trust in which Christ's great States Minister Griscom; United and supreme gospel of love and peace States Consul-General Bellows, Colmay flourish.

Tn this connection I mention one in-

TWENTY YEARS OF EXPERIENCE TN JAPAN 6gr

onel Vooel, 1'rofessor Wright, of sionary methods and work. Two. 'Oberlin; Mr. John G. Woolley, the great branches of study have won great temperance orator; Rev. R. A. very wide acceptance among thinkers Torrey, the revivalist; Dr. Francis E. -the evolutionary hypothesis is very Clark, the founder of the Christian powerful in every branch of science Endeavor Society; Professor Ladd, of and history and religion; and higher Yale, and others-. As these men gen- criticism has necessitated in the minds erally brought their wives, the ] apa- of a majority of Biblical scholars a renese ladies of the citv also welcomed construction of theology. During this them, and thus our ·social life was period of criticism many have been greatly enlarg·ed. I think this plan has afraid that the Bible would lose its been most fruitful in promoting high place in the spiritual life of the friendly feelings on a large scale be- world, but now that fear is rapidly tween the missionaries and the people passing away. The newer views, in of the city. There is probably no city my judgment, show with far more in Japan where such cordial relations power the methods of God's working are manifested between foreigners and and the glory of His progressive man- Japanese to such an extent as here. ifestations to all peoples past and For recent examples, last January the present, but especially to the Jews as city authorities and people held a con- recorded in the Old Testament, and gratulatory meeting over the entente supremely to the whole world in the between Japan and the United States, wonderful life of Jesus Christ. and on that occasion all of us Americans were the guests of the city. And To be sure, there are some purely in return, we Americans took the oc- destructive critics who would deny any casion of President Taft's inaugural inspiration to the Bible and any reveto invite, on March 4, about 100 of- lation to man; but all the same, even ficials and leading people with their tho the Bible is not intended to teach wives to a dinner given in the hall of geology or astronomy, and even tho the Baptist Girls' School, and the we do not know who wrote many of papers all reported it with generous the books, and even tho the doctrine of praise. inspiration has changed, the Bible is the supreme Book of life for the whole In these social ways we try to show world. It can never fail. Indeed, its forth the great Christian doctrine that power is widening with every advance we are all, the East and the West, of science, and the recorel of Jesus' children of one com1110n Father and works and words shows Him more therefore brothers. We stand for the and more to be indeed "the Son of principles of the angels' song at the God" and "the Savior of the world." birth of Christ, "Peace on earth, good He is indeed "Gael manifest in the will to men." flesh." So I welcome this new knowl- edge as giving us a larger Bible and a This international social of Sendai better knowledge of the methods of is due to no one person, but to the fact God's progressive revelation. I use that the missionaries of the seven de- it in all my study of the Bible, and tho nominations at work here have I do not directly preach it in my serworked in cordial cooperation and sin- mons, I make it the base of all my cere friendship with one another. preparations as the best aid to sym- Without this true loving friendship and pathetic preaching. mutual helpfulness we could never have manifested the spirit of Christ, In this way I have come to have a who is our Lord and Master, in social far wider sympathy with Japanese as well as in religious life. Christians who love to search for truth, and who are not satisfied with During these twenty years, Chris- Western creeds and ceremonies, but tian thought and theology have been want a Christianity that shall build undergoing man'y changes in the West, upon the great preparation God has and so have affected more or less mis-

,ll1ade here and shall ct'!1lplctc their pray that lIe will inspire the Japanese religious life and ideals. 1 believe Christians so that they shall add il11-' God was in Japan long before we mis- mensely to the spiritual life of the sionaries came, and that He was in 50,000,008 of Japan, and shall make the making and development of the known widely the knowledge of Gael Japanese people, and that He loves in Christ, which is eternal life. And T them as He does the people of the pray that our Christian West shall be West. I believe His holy spirit is in more Christian in its attitude toward the hearts of Japanese Christians and the East, so that the East and the that He will guide them gradually into West may work together for the uniall truth. I thank God for the rich ex- versal establishment of the Kingdom perience of the past twenty years, and of Gorl on earth.

THE PRESENT SITUATION IN PALESTINE ':'

BY REV. H. G. l-l.RDING Recent developments within the school, that only Christian children Turkish Empire have considerably should be received, the occasional modified the political position, and forcible expulsion of Moslem children friends of the Palestine Mission are from one or other of our older schools, eagerly asking how the new conditions and the demand, made in at least one will affect mission work in what has case, that ilIoslel11s should be excluded always been a difficult and disappoint- from the daily service in our hospital ing field. It is hard to give a direct dispensaries. answer to this question, but the time seems opportune for a brief review of Ve have never acceded to these deonr position, which may help us to mands, and it must be admitted that form some estimate of the prospect.s government opposition, formidable as of our work in that land. it seems, has been less effective than one would think. We have a large Our position in Palestine is com- proportion of JIoslem children in our plicated and somewhat anomalous. schools, and the majority of those who Three main problems confront us. crowd our mission hospitals are Mos- There is, first of all, the problem of lems, including not a few government government opposition. The aim of officials. TIut it must be remembered the society and of every missionary that this is due not to the tolerance whom the 'society sends Ol~t is t11timat~­ but to the weakness of the central gov- Iv the conversio;l of the JJohanulldan ernment, which has lacked the power j;opulation. Now from this point of to enforce its objections and to make view we have hitherto had no locus good its claims. standi in the countrv at all. The Turkish authorities claimed the right Then there is the problem of the to forbid any attempt at "prosely- churches of Palestine, which, we must tizing" among Moslems. They con- remember, are not Christian churches sidered that we were in Palestine for of converts from Islam, but remnants the sake of the native Christians, and of ancient Christianity. The late only permitted us to build churches. Canon Volters, than ~hom no man open schools, or even to reside where knew the natives better or loved them there was a sufficient Christian popu- more, once told the writer that in his lation to justify our activity. Hence opinion the gTeat hindrance to the inthe frequent attempts to restrict our gathering of the lIoslems was the work to Christians, the demand, re- Christian churches. The type of peated at the opening of every new Christianity presented by them in life and in worship ras so repulsive to the ·x- From The Church Jtfi.'I.I'io1/ary l?r<'iC'il' for July, 1910.

101 Till', l'RESI'~NT SlTUATIOCl I~ I'ALf:STINE

:Ioslellls that Christianit, was C011- prej udice that we have obtained the denmed unheard, while their antipathy greatest results. No longer is Chris- to the Moslems intensified the bigotry tianity looked down upon as beneath of the latter. As far as our own Prot- contempt, Through the work of estant section of the Church is con- Christian schools, and still more of cerned, this reproach is rapidly passing medical missions, it has come to be away, but the effect of centuries of recognized that the Christianity we crooked Christianity is hanl to over- profess is something very different come. from that presented by the unreformed The matter is complicated in an- Oriental churches, while the practical other way, and through no fault of Christianit· of our doctors and nurses the Syrian Christians, From the atti- ha~ secure;l a friendly hearing for the tude of the Turkish authorities it fol- gospel in the 1110st fanatical cities in lows that 'wherever a missionary has the countn-o Christianity has become been stationed there has already been a a subject {or inquiry. ~ Christian congregation, the care of It was the writer's privilege, while which has become a first charge on attached to one of our hospitals, to re- his time and energy; and wherever a ceive constant visits from young edu- station or district has been under- cated Moslems, students of El Azhar manned (as has so often been the and other colIeges, who would discuss case) the missionary in charge has for hours the truths of Christianity, been so largely occupied with these always respectfully and with a desire matters that direct evangelistic work to learn, while in the wards and wait- has perforce suffered. It is important ing-rooms of the hospital the. gospel to realize this, for herein lies one rea- was freel v proclaimed with scarcely son for apparent lack of success a word of opposition. Thirty years among the Moslems of Palestine. The ago such a thing would have been im- fact that the number of ordained mis- possible. But side by side with this sionaries in Palestine has fallen during has come a new development. Edu- the last five years from nine to five cated Moslems realize the necessity has made it impossible to do much ag- for an effective defense of their faith; gressive work. This, of course, ap- many of the younger Ulema are plies to general work, and especially making a study of Christianity from that among men; the work of our their own point of view; they bring medical missions, and much of our forward the arguments both of the women's work, does directlv affect older skeptics, such as Voltaire, and :vr oslems, . of modern rationalists, and make great Lastly, there is the problem pre- play with the conclusions of the higher sented by the bigotry and prejudice of critics. )Jow, the new regime is bound the Mohammedan inhabitants. About to give a great impetus to this move- this one need not say much, for it ment; with the spread of education is common to all Moslem lands. -One and growth of Western ideas ignorant must, however, point out that to the prejudice will give place to intelligent natural arrogance of a ruling race- opposition, as is the case in Egypt to- the Arah is the Englishman of the day. Alreadv we hear of proposed East-the Moslem of Palestine joins schools and colleg'es (perhaps on a a profound belief in the superiority of purely secular basis). which are to his creed: to him the Christian is an rival our own, and now news reaches ignorant and benighted idolater, and the writer of the opening of a Mo- snch Christianity a;; he was accus- hammedan hospital almost within a tomed to see before the advent of our stone's throw of one of Ollr 1110st SllC- missions COnfinlled him in this belief. cessful mission hospitals.

)Jow when we come to consider the In regard to the second problem, work of Protestant missions, we find that' connected with the presence of it is in regard to this problem of Christian churches, we have alsQ ·made

considerable progress. The native among· the Christian families than in l'rotestant congregations – founde([ visiting Moslem women! for the most part by Bishop Gobathave under the fostering care of the It is probable that the new condition Church Missionary Society prospered of things ",ill do something to modify exceedingly, and we have now in Palestine a vigorous body of Syrian the attitucle of Moslem and Christian Christians, who present to the ]105- one toward the other, but it will be a lems an object-lesson of pure Chris- long process. Already the mutual tianity, and by their example' have done embraeings and protestations of much and will do more to raise the brotherhood which ushered in the standard of religious life in the unre- proclamation of the constitution are formed churches of the land. This forgotten, and the various sects have Church is Protestant and evangelical dropt back into 111uch their old attitude to the core, its members are well of mutual distrust and antagonism. taught and grounded in the faith, its While this continues the Syrian Chrisclergy are well-educated, high-minded tians will have little direct influence and devoted men, and, by the consti- on the Moslems. The hope that the tution of the Palestine Church Council Moslems of Palestine may be evanin 1905, it has been set on the road gelized by these Christians has often toward complete organization and been exprest, and even held forth as self-government. But it is not a missionary Church. After fifty years of the only hope. In the writer's opinion teaching we have to admit that we the realization of this hope is far disnave failed to arouse in our Syrian tant, so distant that we may practically brethren any sense of responsibility neglect it in our present plans. It toward their Moslem neighbors, and must be remembered that at present, with a few brilliant exceptions they and until the Turkish Government enhold aloof from our evangelistic work, tirely change their attitude on the and tell us frankly that we are wasting question, it is practically impossible for our time. Nor can one be surprized Turkish subjects to do any aggressive at this; centuries of oppression and work among Moslems; they can not ill-treatment have produced in the with impunity outrage the feelings and minds of these Syrian Christians an at- disregard the injunctions of their own titude toward the Moslem which it is rulers. not easy to change, and even Christian converts from Mohammedanism Now we come back to our first great are looked upon with suspicion, and problem, that of government opposireceived with reluctance. tion. Will not the new government be more favorable to our work than the Moreover, they actively disapprove old? One must say at once that one —one might almost say resent-our sees no reason why they should. The expenditure upon a profitless enter- new rulers are Moslems, as were the prise of resources which they think old, and if they are sincere in their might be better employed. The writer desire for the welfare of their people well remembers a visit which he re- they. will naturally try to prevent what ceived from one of the ablest and most they believe to be the corrupting indevoted of the native clergy, who, in fluence of our propaganda. We must the kindest way possible, pointed out try to look at things from their point that it was scarcely right for me to of view, and to the moral sense of a spend so much time in fruitless discus- sincere Moslem the Christian doctrine sion with Moslems, when I might be of the Trinity, for instance, as he unvisiting and ministering to Christians, derstands it, is positively shocking, and suggested that the ladies of the while the moral results of Christianity mission would be better employed in in Europe seem to him to be by no doing the work of district nurses means brilliant. Moreover, the great danger to the new movement lies in the suspicion that its leaders are not so devoted to Islam as were the old

r<)1OJ Tfl E PRESENT STTUATlON TN

rulers. Islam is intensely conserva- done. The Moslems have proved by tive, and any wide-spread conviction no means inaccessible when the atthat the new rulers were careless about tempt has been definitely made to the interests of the faith might be reach them. This is largely a matter fatal to their regimc. They must gain for personal testimony, and the writer and keep the approval of the religious has found the Moslems of Palestine not less, but more accessible than those leaders of the people. of other parts of the Turkish Empire OIl the other hand, some of our diffi- in which he has worked. The small- ness of apparent results is to be put culties will certainly be lessened. We down to the casual way in which, shall find it easier to secure our treaty owing to lack of men and means, this rights; our educational work will be direct evangelistic work has been prosless subj ect to capricious interference; ecuted. Moreover, the baptisms and it will be less difficult to get permis- confirmations, in recent years have sion to build a hospital or open a proved that it was no longer imschool; and it may be hoped that the possible (as was once thought) for a greater freedom of the press will Moslem convert in Palestine to conmake it possible for 11S to disseminate fess his faith and live. literature as never before. More than this, the improved administration of Now the prospect of increased sucjustice will save our converts who cess depends in reality on the policy boldly confess Christ from much of which mission workers may decide on the persecution, amounting to risk of or be compelled by force of circumlife. which they have hitherto had stances to adopt. At present, whatto bear. They will be under the pro- ever the opportunities may be, we have tection of the law instead of, as often not the workers to take advantage of hitherto, practically outside its pale. them, and there is urgent need for a strengthening of the missions by men To sum up. The new conditions in who can give themselves to direct Palestine are not an unmixt blessing; evangelistic work among Moslems, essome of our difficulties will doubtless pecially in connection with our medical be lessened, but the new government missions. Is it possible? The claims will have greater power to enforce its of other parts of the world have to be regulations in restraint of our work. considered, but it is becoming widely On the other hand, we have a growing recognized that the great battle with tolerance of Western ideas and desire Islam must ultimately be fought out for Vestern learning, a spirit of in- in those Arabic-speaking countries quiry which extends to questions of where it has its stronghold and its religion, and a gradual weakening of home. the old antagonism between Moslem and Christian. Above all, the greater Surely at this time, when God is sense of freedom and securitv will do bringing before us the importance of 1111' II to remove the fear vhich has the Moslem question, the new condihitherto kept back many who would tions in this great stronghold of Islam fain inquire further concerning the constitute a definite call from Him, and thinf,;" which we teach. we can not refuse to make some effort to seize the opportnnities thus provi- On the whole. the prospect from th:s point , f view is hopeful. Even un- llnntially placed within our reach. der the )ld conditions much has been

EDITORIALS

A TOUR OF THE MISSION FIELDS tenth volumc has now been published, After receiving many pressing in- entitled "Western Women in Eastern vitations to visit the Orient, and bear Lands," by Mrs. Helen Barrett Mont- testimony to the truth, the Editof'-:ll- gomery. These books have now chief has nc.w made plans for a trip reached a total circulation of nearly fe to the mission fields of Asia. returning (loo,ooo copies, and probably not less by Egypt and the Mediterranean, I than 1,000,000 women have joincd in expects to sail from Vancouver on the study of them.

Uctober 19, on the Empress of Japan, This double anniversary year has and plans to reach London in time for been celebrated at the various women's the Keswich convention in July, 191I, summer schools for mission study and The itinerary, so far as complete, em- at Northfield, Massachusetts, and else- braces Japan, Korea, China, Siam, where there was presented an im- India, Burma, and Ceylon, and prob- pressive pageant of missions repre- ably Egypt. Arrangements are being senting the progress of woman's mis- made for services with the mission- sionary work. There were nine scenes aries and English-speaking Christians in the pageant.

in India during January anel Febru- The first represented the "Pilgrims ary, 1911. The editor will also be of the Night"-women of all nations, ready, so far as is desired and possi- clad in their national costumes, never ble, to meet with missionaries in other having heard the glad tidings of a lands. He expects to be in Japan and Savior for all people. There were Korea in ~ovember; in Manchuria crippled women of China with their and China in December; in Siam, bound feet, widows of Siam and Burma, and then India, from about India; veiled Moslems from zenanas January I to March I, and in Egypt and harems, Japanese and Korean from March 15 to April 15, ap- women, African slaves and benighted proximately. Polynesians. As these passed across The purpose of this tour is to ac- the scene, they were met by the angelic complish several ends: First, to glean heralds of the Dawn-the messen- information at first hand about the gers of Jesus bringing the glad tidings actual state and needs of the mission of salvation and singing the well- fields; second. to encourage and stim- known words, "Hark, Hark, My Soul; ulate the missionaries ami native Angelic Songs are Swelling." The churches; third, to strengthen faith in pilgrims of the night hear the good the inspired Word of God and loyalty news and follow the messengers with to our divine Redeemer; and finally. in new hope in their faces.

every way to build up the cause of The second scene represented the Bible study and missionary enterprise, early beginnings of women's mission- Any suggestions helpful to these pur- ary societies in the home of Mrs.

poses will be gladly received. The Ropes, of Brookline, in 1829. Then prayers of all readers of the REVIEW followed the tableaux of a missionary's and friends of Christ the world over visit to the women of India, a scene in are earnestly requested. a Chinese hospital, a Japanese kin- dergarten. temple scene in Burma, new A WOMAN'S MISSIONARY PAGEANT women of Turkey, college girls in Con- This year is the fiftieth anniversary stantinople. and an African industrial of the establishment of the Woman's mission. The closing scene was a re- Missionary t:nion, the oldest wo- cessional showing the angel messen- man's foreign missionary society in gers, missionary workers and converts America. It is also the tenth anni- from all lands singing: "Publish the versary of the founding of the Wo- Glad Tidings of Peace."

man's United Mission Study Commit- About 200 people took part in the tee that has accomplished so much for pageant, which was planned and car- mission study in our churches, The ried out by Mrs. Lucy Waterbury Pea-

OF AMERICAN WOMEN'S FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETIES

(From "Western Women in Eastern Lands," by Mrs. Montgomery. Published by Macmillan.) . ,., c0: I.~at 4'~ . o…c..t.; •.."§g . .~ 0: …~ . I~I"~ ., .~: .. ~l;~~ ~ .0~':-"l ~ NAMES OF ORGANIZATIONS ~i i~::::·lI 11::", …. 1.':"1"t:'1>"~;' ,,"".~ ~>< .~~ £ . … '~1;:..2.". .t,o~ ..=U1~;£ 0,,,0', l~ ~ .!~ ~ ti .!l ~.. .".,~ l … ….. ~~ ".~ ~S·~~.-~ ~~ ~ '.l. – ….c';; …… ~~ ~~ ·~O i~~ -;; ~ tII.;g= e. ~-: .=~ ~l~ '"-al''""' 0: ~ .0~:~" ….".i!~ ~!t ~ .~,. :"t: '" ..:<; }!~ ~~ !~ ~~ ~.~ to ~~O i-o~ Ill .. :~:C:"I5) ·Ill:t: ~ .~ to ~~ "" ;:~~ 1:10 -':0,1t,0 1:1 .::1;;1l."3- -E.:'!~! ~'" ht; ~ I 0 t!.~ ~ Q.,…;…, IL Woman's Baptist Foreip Missionary Society. 1873 .. $9,172 1 $117,094 171 1 2,388 6 85 54 4 .. 7 142 666 600 46 20 7 3 2 1 …….. 50,000 ~~ Woman's Baptist ForeIgn Missionary Society 1873 2 1888 4,244 67,806 255 *5,000 2 59 45 3 9 .. 2 120 446 357 28 1 1 .. 1,310,600 *50,000 of the West ………………………. 1870 .. 2 " 1876 18,716 96,641 1,520 9,150 30 138 18 3 13 .. .. 4 44 27 22 1 1 5,716,800 ….. ".. Woman's Missionary Auxiliary to the South- 1873 2 ern Baptist Convention ••••.•.•••..••••.. .. 2 18 21 19 2 .. .. .. 1 United Baptist Women's Mis.iona~ Union 1,827 20,000 48 317 2 16 5 1 9 1 174,800 7,663 of the Maritime Provinces (Cana a) ••.••• 434 .. 3 18 ,1'; Woman's Baptist Foreign Missionary Society 538 2,344 7 84 ., 2 1 14 5 3 2 .. ., .. 1 1 " 1 931,200 ….. .. 1 , ……. ….. of Eastern Ontario and Quebec •••••..•.. .. 12,866 .. 1 6 312 .. .. 9 17 16 1 11 6 Free Baptist Woman's Missionary Society.••• .7 Woman's Board of Missions (Cong.) ••••.••. 1868 5,033 .. 174,626 205 2,300 '1 125 90 6 I5 225 348 300 31 2 15 .. 4 3 2 6,661,101 40,000 ~ Woman's Board of the Interior (Cong.) ••…. 1868 4,096 3d yr. 9 Cana~a. Congregational Woman's Board of 1886 106,061 70 2,466 6 80 56 2 13 1874 547 .. .. 4,015 15 1 350 98 68 21 3 3 2 2 4 3 2,219,400 63,630 MlS510ns •••••••••••••••…••••••••••••• 1871 770 . 60 , 1886 20,000 32 1 2 4 4 .. .. .. .. 1 " 1 …….. 1,400 10 Christian Woman's Board of Missions ••.••• 1889 12,382 .. .. 1884 381,854 90 545 .. '16 50 4 73 4 185 ., j .. ., .. .. ., " ., …….. ….. 11 Woman's Auxiliary (Protestant Etscopal) ••. ….. .. .. 127,415 248 3,335 .. .. .. ., 12 Woman's Auxiliary (Church 0 England, *65 .. .. .. .. .. .. " ., …….. *45,000 1,806 Canada …………………………… 66,147 6 23 1 33 4 .. 10 4 51 2 1 .. .. 1 .. 3 " 1 600 ….. 13 Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the .. 6,327 .. " 4 514 .. 3 .. .. ., .. .. 1 1 . 1 , …….. ….. Reformed Episcopal Church •••….••..•• .. .. ., .. .. 14 Woman'~ .Missionary Society Evangelical 25,810 20 " .. 6 5 .. 5 1 " .. ., " 2 10,000 8,720 ASSOCIation .••••••••••….•••.•••.••.•..

IS Woman'. Foreign Missionary Society (Friends) 1887 13,819 51,929 310 '115 17 102 58 6 13 .. 6 1'1 42 32 10 .. 3 2 2 1 102,420 5,755 16 Woman's Missionarb, Society of the Evan- 62,874 .. 150 1,048 gelical Lutheran urch …………….. 1879 3 .. 23 4 .. .. 17 Woman's Missionary Society of the Meth- 2,070 14 11 1 15 27 3 2 1 2 600,000 40,000 odist Church, Canada ..•.•••.•••..•….• 1881 2,916 118,917 20 1,655 1 94 37 3 39 15 80 33 .. 8 10 11 113 2 3,752,966 49,699 18 Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the 39,439 Free Methodist Church .•..••••••••…•• 1894 .. 604 .. *89 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. .. .. ., " 9,359 19 Woman's Board of Foreign Missions Meth- 2,006 1 '15,000 2 123 10'1 2 2" . …. 20 odist Ewscopal Church, South ••••.•..••• 1 1878 4,104 259,178 I 150 4,201 3 92 83 3 4 .. '17 26 4 2 15,413,000 Woman's orelgn Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church ……..•••.. 1869 .. 7,306 2 312 180 30 86 2il Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the 4,546 695,961 ]2 3,675 834 717 88 5 24 21 20 11 9 5,848,000 199,846 I Methodist Protestant Church ..••••••..•• 1879 316 15,000 .. 300 1 7 5 .. 2 .. .. 30 .. ., " 22 Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary So- 5 11 3 1 720,000 *7,500 ciety of the Wesleyan Methodist Church .. 1903 . 20 , 4 112 .. .. .. .. ., .. ., 213 Woman's Parent Mite Missionary Society of ….. 4,000 .. .. ., " ., …….. ….. .. 3 the African Methodist Episc~al Church … 1874 150 12,101 .. 1,165 2 23 12 2 2 6 4 2 .. 2 .. ., " ., 223,644 64,000 24 Woman's Foreign Missionary ociety of the Presbyterian Church, Canada •..•••..••.• 1876 .. 6 40 28 14 14 25; Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the 1,000 70,955 18 812 2 76 39 5 30 ., 542 1 *3,312,000 28,289 Presbyterian Church, Canada, East •••••• 1876 .. .. 23,618 1 1,926,000 *8,786 261 Woman's Foreign Missionary Societies of the ….. 1 333 " .. 2 .. 43 .. .. .. .. ., .. ., " .. .. 460,'130 100 10,869 24 568 .. 680 350 .. .. .. .. Presbyterian Church, U.S.A.•••.•••.••••• 1870 12,991 39 18 18 2 2 *3,500,000 *90,000 27' Woman's Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America ••••••••..•• 1875 . .. 67,039 19 450 , 75 65 7 .. 3 18'1 145 131 14 28 Woman's General Missionary Society of the 2,891 ., 12 1 1 1,637,000 …..

United Presbyterian Church of N. America 1883 7,546 . 60,587 335 1,317 , I 71 .. 7 .. 5 .. 7 .. .. .. ., 3 3 .. 2 4,459,400 36,033 29' Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary So- .. .. " ciety of the United Evangelical Church .•• 1884 1,219 .. 15,654 45 320 20 2 1 8 .. .. 1 15 2 3,478,584 ….. 30 Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary So- 5 41 .. 2 2 1 283,100 4,000 ciety of the Advent Christian Church .••.• 1897 300 .. .. 9,195 .. .. .. .. 12 ., " 14 31 Woman's Missionary Conference of the 155 3 30 30 5 .. .. 14 11 United Synod …………………….. 1881 9 10,013 . 5 142 , 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. " ., 24,000 2.516 3Z Woman's Foreign Missionary Society Churches of God ………………………….. 1890 50 2,023 .. .. 27 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 …….. 400 33 19 19 3 3 j j 33i Woman's Missionarc Association of the 1 60 5 .. .. ~ United Brethren hurch ……………. 1875 458 40,121 18 718 1 1 25 20 I ., I 2 .. j ….. 602 32 7 3 11 .. .. .. 1 1 50,000 . …. 3 Woman's Board of Missions New Brunswick 6 18 .. .. .. .. .. and Nova Scotia …………………… 1878 252 86,902 6 3 2 .. .. .. . ……. 13,000 35~ Woman's Union Missionary Society of Amer- 1860 j 2,101 . .. " 3 49 39 8 99 I 3 .. .. .. 2 .. .. 4 I4 2 1 346,000 . …. ica for Heathen Lands ……………… 3 United Woman's Convention Auxiliary to " .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. I .. I .. .. .. " II.. 300,000 3,000 I the National Baptist Convention .••••.•… (?) ],000 .. j " , —'

ORAND TOTALS ………………………… 1$139,309 1$3,328,840 3,832 157,443 115 2,368 930 147 441 I 91 16,154 13,263 12,410 329 11 101 I I I 82 80 35 45 163,075,615 815,596 1 1 1 NOTES ON STATISTICAL TABLE Owing to great div!!r~ities.in organization i.t has been very difficult to compile this table. In some the The figures given with asterisk * are careflll estimates by tohnee~tsheicrrde.tarTy.he Tsihxety~pfriovpe omrtiisosnionwahriicehs eases the number of mlSSlQnanes can not be 81ven, because the funds contributed by the women are contributions of the Woman's Auxiliary bea'r to the whole is not appropriated separately. listed are those supported by the united offering made once in three years. The Canadian Methodists (17) maintain street Sunday·schools. The total of column two represents not the gift of one year, but the aggregate of first-year gifts as contrasted with the present aggregate in the next column. In 1861 there was but one society, the The Free Methodist (18) is a strictly auxiliary society without separate credit; and hence has W f1man's Union ~1:issionary Society. If tbe offering of 1861 and that of 1909 be contrasted, a much sharper contrast IS shown. been obliged to carefully estimate its proportionate share of the work, wherever asterisks are found. The Methodist Board, North (20), supports 32 Bible training schools and 158 married women in Societies that are completely auxiliary to the parent board necessarily appear at a disadvantage addition to items listed, It also has homes for lepers, the blind, the deaf, for homeless women. in this table, since they are unable to give separate figures. Asterisks are placed wherever an amount There are training schools for deaconesses and nurses, nigbt-schools and day nurseries. Is an estimate. The Parent Mite Society (23) of the African Methodist Church has a remarkable number of The following forms of work are not included in the tables: contributors, and does a beautiful rescue work. Canadian Baptist (4) has 102 evangelistic schools with an average attendance of 1,500. Baptist Board of the West (2) inclndes in total school 60 Bible training schools. The Canadian Presbyterian Women (25) maintain II deaconess' and missionary training school. Woman's Board of the Interior (8) has three Bible training schools, 250 native teachers, and 13 trainers of Bible womell and evangelists. The American Presbyterian Boards (26)·, seven in number, have presented their combined statistics through their historian. It has been difficult to determine exact numbers because of the Canadian Congregational (9) has built three schools 'n West Africa; supplies Bible instrllction in station plan by which tbey share with the parent board in tbe expenses of entire stations. fo".r Government schools in Ceylon; supports orphans in many lands. The Missionary Society of the United Evangelical (29) is both home and foreign, but only its The Woman's Board, Congregational (7), does a large amount of literary work and translation, foreign work is presented. Eigbt married women are supported, making the total 20 missionaries and has industrial education in many of its schools. as reported. A summer home for missionaries has been recently built at Kuling, China.

The Church of England Auxiliary, Canada (12), reports the rescue of temple children in India, The Woman's Society of the Advent Cbristian (30) has 20 out of its 30 teachers men. Five a foundling home, "The Bird's Nest," in China, and a training home for Bible women in Japan. night-schools in addition to thGse in the table are supported, and two industrial schools. It also supplies outfits for missionaries. The Women of the United Brethren (33) support 11 married missionary women who do mis- The Woman's Auxiliary, the EpiscoJ?B1 Church (11), can not give separate items in regard to sionary work in addition to their home cares. teachers, etc., as the money contributed IS administered by the general board. The Union Missionary Society (35), since it is interdenominational, depends largely upon per- sonal gifts. Many of its 99 evangelists are native helpers among the 2,000 Zenanas reached by this society. A rescue work is maintained in Fatehpur, India. The Woman's Free Baptist (6) supports a widows' home in India.

EDITORIALS

body, of Boston. The costumes were and study classes, campaigns for in- appropriate and many of them beau- dividual gifts from each man in a tiful importations from the East. church and laymen as the most effect- It is a noteworthy fact that 36 ive missionary speakers. A natural American women, with 815,596 mem- result is that young men no longer bers contributing, now give annually look on missions as "mother's hobby,"

$3,328,840 to foreign missions, sup- and men are being quickened into port 2,368 missionaries and 6,154 na- greater spiritual life and activity.

tive Bible women, conduct 3,263 A third result is the correction of schools, publish 45 magazines and 63,- weaknesses and failures in the mis- 000,000 pages of literature. sionary plans and policies of boards and societies. Many able and con- THE VALUE AND DANGERS OF THE scientious business men have for long LAYMEN'S MOVEMENT years served on these boards and have One of the most encouraging de- contributed much to their efficiency, velopments of the day is the awa- but now with hundreds and thousands kening of Christian laymen to a deeper of new men, who have heretofore sense of their individual responsibility thought themselves too busy to give for the extension of the Kingdom of time to missionary business, with these God. In Africa to-day wherever you men taking up their responsibility, find Moslems as merchants and travel- they are sure to insist on energetic ers, you find them also as missionaries business policies and methods in local of their faith, but with Christians it churches, missionary boards and in has not been so, as a rule. Instead, foreign fields. These laymen will not where you have found traders and contribute to work that is run in lax travelers from Christian lands there fashion, and if they invest money as you have found opponents of Chris- trustees of the Lord's wealth, they tian missions. We do not now stop will insist on a strict accounting, on to explain the causes of this difference, capable workers and officers and on tho the reasons are not hard to find, enterprises that show results. In- but we simply call attention to the stances have frequently come to our lamentable fact and look forward to attention where laymen have revo- the time when it will be increasingly lutionized obsolete methods, and have true that more Christian travelers and insisted on the removal of lazy or in- traders will be unordained and un- efficient men because they (the lay- salaried Christian missionaries. This men) were vitally interested in the should be one result of the Laymen's success of the missionary enterprise.

Movement-it has already begun to But there are certain dangers in the produce fruit through the Christian laymen's uprising which we can not business and professional men who afford to ignore. First, there is the dan- have visited the fields and have come ger of too great dependence on busi- home to awaken new missionary in- ness methods. A well-kept ledger and terest and enthusiasm in the Church account-book, careful and definite re- and State. ports, are important, but they do not Another result is seen in the larger necessarily mean a successful work.

place that men are assuming in the Spiritual aims and methods are not direction of missionary affairs in local always appreciated by business men.

churches. We see to-day not only the Organization does not mean life and women's missionary societies and the energy may be expended on planning Sunday-schools and young people and pushing in the energy of the flesh taking their share of responsibility and when better results would come from spending time in mission study and waiting for the guidance of the Spirit prayer, in giving time and money to of God. We mnst keep first things arlvocate and promote missions, but first-and the first thing is bringing we see also men's missionary societies men into living contact with God.

Second, there is the danger of a sentimental. "You ought to," our Lord business man's too great insistence on visible results. Many would have been commands, "the unevangelized are inclined to think that Morrison's first verily perishing." Sometimes appeal seven fruitless years in China, and was made to sympathy and compas- Judson's in Burma and Richards' in sian: "Oh how benighted, how wo- Africa, were wasted. To-day we find ful is their case! Go feed and heal, men criticizing missions because of the invite to the gospel feast." In the meager showing in converts and main it was the clergymen who exgrowing impatient because the statis- horted, and tender-hearted women tical returns are not satisfactory. who made the chief response. Fur- God's 'view is not always man's view ther, not only was the appeal addrest as to what work is most worth while, almost exclusively to the conscience and much that counts most for eternity and the higher emotions, but the treis out of sight for a time. mendous problem was considered only in the mass, or as a whole. A round A third ~anger comes from the very billion upon earth had never heard of enthusiasm with which these energetic Jesus and His salvation. Ah, the huge men take up the cause. Often with- masses of China and the countless out any experience or knowledge of hordes of India! All, too, away off missionary work, they undertake to at the ends of the earth, on the oppostep in and tell those who have long site side of the globe; invisible, and in studied and worked at missions how a sense beyond reach. Missionaries by they should be conducted. They visit the ten thousand are required, and stations on the foreign field and ob- millions of money! If the facts as ject because things are not done with thus stated were taken in, really apunskilled natives as servants as they preciated, then the magnitude of the would be done in America or Eng- task of carrying the gospel to every land. They speak on platforms with- creature was simply dazing, well-nigh out carefully sifting their statements stunning; likely therefore to bring of fact and figures and endeavor to paralysis to faith and courage and show how and how soon the world zeal. It was like gazing through a may be converted in the same way telescope into the starry spaces, like that they would talk to a traveling endeavoring to grasp the infinite. salesman. "With my limited capacity what can I do, or the little church to which I All welcome the enthusiasm, the belong?" Fifty dollars, or five hunability. the interest and help of conse- dred, is a sum ridiculously small, but crated laymen, but let us not forget a drop to the ocean! And so the enthat foreign missions is a science that tire great matter was likely to be dismust be studied to be understood, that missed, as at least chimerical, if not spiritual power, not financial power, is also really insane. that by which the world is to be won, and that there is a divine mathematics No doubt, this method of approach that supersedes earthly calculations; to missionary activity was Scriptural that prayer is a real power and faith a in a sense, and was in agreement with vital factor in missionary work. the facts in the case. But neverthe- less it failed to cover the whole MATHEMATICS IN ALLIANCE WITH ground, was but a partial setting forth of the facts. Besides, it was lacking MISSIONS in a certain masculine quality, and hence failed to appeal convincingly to Will wonders never cease? Surely, a large and important fraction of life is full of surprizes, and the world every community; business men to does move. Hitherto, from the be- wit, who were at heart truly Chrisginning, the appeal to give for the tian, but whose training and exworld's evangelization and to go out perience had al1 been for moneyas heralds of the Cross has been wholly religious, at least ethkal or

I 1l)!0

making, as farmers, mechanics, mer- Canada) have only to do with, say, chants, bankers, manufacturers; while 600,000,000. But further, this share missions were a distinctively church is again subdivided among the various affair for occasional discourse on Sun- denominations-Baptists, Congregaday and in prayer-meeting, with an tionalists, Disciples, Episcopalians, annual collection in addition. Lutherans, Presbyterians, and all the other tribes into which onr Israel is But to-day we behold the thrilling so grievously disrupted. A general spectacle of a new missionary move- council would be in order to make a ment which is wholly by, of and for proper apportionment according to business men, with business ideas and numbers, financial ability, etc. It is methods adopted and put into vigorous also the business of each denominapractise; naturally, with careful cal- tion still further to divide and asculation and planning, with addition, sign, until every local church is made subtraction, multiplication, and di- acquainted with the length and vision much in evidence at every breadth of its obligation to God and point. All "glittering generalities" man as touching the world-wide are relegated to the rear, with fervid spread of the gospe. appeals and tearful pleadings keeping company. It boldly assumes that Another evidence of calm reflection the two Great Commandments, love and business grasp appears in the fact God and your neighbor, are univer- that not a mere assault, an oversally binding. It assumes also that whelming spurt of zeal and endeavor, the countless blessings conferred by is in contemplation, nor even a wild Christian civilization are precious be- crusade to deliver humanity from, yond price, and it is the supreme duty bondage to sin and ignorance and evil and privilege of everyone who es- manifold. Instead, a campaign is teems himself a disciple and follower planned to last at least a generation, or of Jesus, the Matchless Missionary, a quarter-century of steady systo make it his business to do his full tematic warfare-another subdivision share of publishing near and far the of a huge, unwieldy, bewildering mass glad tidings, so hastening the advent into portions which can readily be of the Great Consummation. Upon taken in hand without serious strain the Laymen's Missionary Movement of any kind. How much money is rehas been conferred the high honor of quired for each twelvemonth? How making this radical change of base. many missionaries should be sent abroad each year, men and women, The ground of appeal is far less ordained and unordained, teachers, moral, or religious (in the ordinary physicians, artizans, etc.? A reliable sense of the term) than intellectual. calculation is easily made. Sub- Common sense; that is, business sense, divide these totals among the denomis addrest. The captains of industry inations, and each make the needed are coming to the front as leaders subdivisions among its membership. awake and astir in behalf of missions, men thoroughly acquainted with the Finally, as to the finances. These conduct of vast enterprises; and they same laymen go in unanimously for an are changing the emphasis, and setting utter abolition of the old-time nnion foot new methods of procedure. versal annual collection. In place of Next to nothing is said about the it, these hard-headed, sagacions men thousand millions to whom the Divine of affairs, who know all about money Teacher, the Great Physician, the and how to get it, would divide the Savior from sin is unknown. To be- giving of each year into no less than gin with, the prodigious mass is di- fifty-two equal parts, one for each vided, parceled out among the various Sunday; the same to be pledged 011 Christian peoples, since each one is paper, and deposited in the house of responsible only for its fair share. God in close and healthful connection Americans (the United States and with praise, and prayer, and medita-

tion upon duty and destiny and things all those resident in the lands of darkdivine. Moreover, they do not hesi- ness. Thus stir millions to give libertate to publish abroad the astound- ally, and to carry the glad tidings of ing statement that if all in America salvation. But, from first to last, fail who name the name of Christ would not also to combine the ideas, and contribute regularly every week but methods, and spirit of a rising host of five cents (give a nickel to save the our men of affairs, our business leadworld !), the mere matter of a car- ers; which also they are pushing fare, all the money needed would be vigorously, even "hilariously," from forthcoming. Even omitting one- ocean to ocean, whereby it seems certhird of the members of the Protestant tain that missionary giving will speedchurches in America as being indiffer- ily be increased fivefold, if not even ent and unworthy of their calling as tenfold. Christians, the missionary funds available each year would be increased COSTLY SACRIFICE OF LIFE fivefold, would aggregate $5°,000,000 ! Twelve serious casualties are re- These level-headed men of affairs ported in the last eight years in conhave reached yet another conclusion nection with battleships, gunboats, and as to the handling of church finances. cruisers, and guns in forts. The total Of course, our first duty is to our tlumber of killed is 124 and wounded home, our neighborhood, the local 160. Had there been any such list of church; and therefore the larger por- violent deaths in connection with tion of our giving not only may, but mission enterprises, how much would also should be here expended. Next have been said about the "awful waste comes the appeal of patriotism, love of missions!" If human beings, in of country, care for the well-being of their warlike schemes, can throwaway every class of our fellow citizens. so many precious human lives in mere But too many stop here, and are in- preparation, in the absence of condifferent as touching the welfare of flict, shall we begrudge the cause of our Redeemer the sacrifice of life in all resident beyond our national the actual conflict of the ages between boundaries. But not so the laymen truth and error? connected with the Missionary Movement. On the contrary, they are care- ANOTHER PLEA FOR THE BIBLE ful to state often and most earnestly that not less than 25 per cent, one- Dr. J. Wilbur Chapman has anquarter, of all we contribute should nounced as a result of his evangelistic tour of the world his conviction that conscientiously and by system be be- a world-wide evangelistic mission is stowed upon lands beyond the sea, the Church's great opportunity now. upon those to whom the glad tidings He offers two suggestions: (I) That have never been proclaimed. the official boards of all the denomina- tions should, in order to retain the Thus we are possest of these two position now held in the mission fields, methods of handling the momentous at once recall every man and woman theme of Christian missions, the under their control who doubts for a greatest concern possible to the moment the authority and integrity of Church of Christ. But, altho differ- the Scriptures or questions the suing widely at many points, they are preme glory of the person of Jesus not hostile or in rivalry; instead are Christ; and (2) that a small body of allies in cooperation, each supplying reenforcements should be sent to what the other lacks. We only need China, Japan, Korea, France, Gerto keep each in its place, doing its many, and England, to do for those work in its own way. From the pul- lands what his own mission party had pits of Christendom and through the done in their Australian tour. press continue to picture the pitiful case of the great mass of humankind, KOREA "1887-Christmas day-first admin- The Phenomenal Mission istration of the Lord's Supper; seven Says The Korea Mission.Field: Koreans present. Taking the list of names III the back of our quarter-centennial report and PRESBYTERIAN MISSIOX 1906 1909 adding together the t~rt;1s of all t~e members of our miSSIOn now m Total places of worship….. . . . 628 767 service, plus the time given of all de- 423 ceased and resigned members, not de- Total church buildings……… 263 ducting time off for furloughs, we Total schools …………….. 208 344 have a total of 965 years up to Sep- Total scholars .,………….. 4,356 7,504 tember, 1909. At that time, ~ot Total baptized Christians ……. 12,546 15,079 counting all Christians who have died Total adherents ………….. 44,587 59,787 during the 25 years, nor an'y who be- Total native contributions ….. $27,418 lieved and fell away, we sttll had net $40,088 25,057 baptized, and in all 100,000 adherents; that is to say, an average A Strenuous Sunday of 25 baptized and 75 adherents ~e­ sides, for every year of every m- Rev. J. S. Nisbet, of Chunju, under dividual missionary, including wives, in our mission, since the mission was date of May 28, writes: "Since you founded. In other words, to use a saw a statement of my sickness, some concrete example, Dr. Underwood, time ago, and may have been thinking with his 25 years of service and Mrs. that I am out of the working list, I Underwood with 2I, can feel that on feel prompted to write you of last the average of the mission, 4,600 Sunday spent at Mackay. I was in saved souls have been given them for the storm district so far as our church their hire. In the year 1909, the net work is concerned. Sunday morning gain in adherentage of the Church was I called the session together at 8 A.M. 22,599, and this divided among the 101 We were in session meeting, examinmen, women, wives, doctors and all, ing candidates for church-membership averages 223 souls for every indi- till ten o'clock. At ten we went to the vidual in the mission for that par- church, where I conducted services, ticular year. leading the singing, preaching till eleven, then conducting the sacra- The Phenomenon Restated mental services, baptism and the Lord's Supper. Then for thirty min- Dr. Horace Underwood 'writes as utes we held a congregational meeting, follows in the Record of Christian electing an elder and one deacon. We Work: adjourned for dinner. Again at four 0'clock I took up the afternoon "Altho missions the world over are service, which lasted for more than to-day assuming an almost romantic an hour. Closing this service, I rode interest, and the awakening of the three miles to Han-ta-di, where I peoples with the incomputable possi- preached again at night. A number bilities only just beyond the threshold of to-day is thrilling the hearts of the of our leaders were gathered there for watchmen of Zion, events in Korea conference and reports of work. The are without doubt far in the vanguard. man from Soo-goo-chi reported that "The fact that one of our churches when they began to meet there some carrying on work in Korea can so few months ago only some fifteen or soon publish the following statement twenty met for worship, but now as of results is, to say the least, unique, many as seventy and even eighty come. and deserves the attention of all stucients of the progress of the Kingdom Korean Conditions of God: A staff correspondent of the North "1884-First missionary sent out. China Daily News gives a glimpse of present conditions in Korea that is not without its hopeful aspects for those who believe Japanese authority may as well be accepted as permanent. The insurgent movement is practically dead, the only violence and marauding being attributable to bandits such as have always existed in Korea and Manchuria. On the other hand, the,

sycophantic native political societies, police administration of the country. which for a long time weekly peti- This is the first step, and the final step tioned the resident for Japanese an- will be taken when Korea is practically nexation, have also moderated their under guard. The garrisons are being agitation. Many of the disreputable steadily strengthened. The mass of Japanese who came with the first oc- Koreans accept the reports of the apcupation have been weeded out and proaching annexation with indiffersucceeded by a better class. ence, since their country has been virtually annexed to Japan since the Something has been gained toward war with Russia. The small but active securing native confidence. But it is anti-Japanese element, however, may still a government by Japanese for make trouble, tho Japan will take Japanese. Rightly or wrongly, the every precaution to prevent it. Korean suffers when opposed by a Japanese in the courts, or when Jap- JAPAN anese aggression in public brings about police interference. And the Japan and Russia Sign New Treaty Korean Emperor, broken physically and mentally, an absolute prisoner in Dr. Joseph Dillon, special correhis little palace, sees only his own spondent, editor and author of books household, which is not free of Jap- in English, German, French and Rusanese spies.-The Interior. sian, has an article in the current Con- temporary Review in which he says The World's Largest Prayer-meeting that a new treaty is about to be signed by Rnssia and Japan which will form Where is it to be found? In Chris- a close alliance between those governtian America, or Europe? Not so, but ments. This alliance, Dr. Dillon says, is an unintentional result of American in "heathen" Korea. Secretary A. J. diplomacy. Tho Secretary Knox de- clares that the policy of the United Brown says: "I attended the prayer- States has been inspired with an almeeting in the Yua Mot Kol Church, truistic spirit toward China, the auin Seoul. It was a 'dark and rainy thorities at Tokyo and St. Petersburg night. A Korean was to lead, and the say that it has been pursued with antipeople did not know that a traveler Russian and anti-Japanese aims. from the West would be present, but I found about 1,000 Christians as- How to Evangelize Japan sembled. No visitor, however distinguished, would bring out 1,000 In an article on "The Future of American church-members on prayer- Higher Christian Education in Japan," meeting night in any city in the United by the Rev. Dr. Ibuka, president of States, but 1,200 people packed the the Meiji Gakuin, in Tokyo, he asks Syen Chyun Church the evening we the question, "Is Christian education spent there. It was worth going far necessary in Japan?" and one of the to hear these Christians pray. They reasons given is : "We Christians feel bow with their faces to the floor, as it incumbent upon us to spread Christhose who know what it is to have tianity over the whole world as far as daily audience with God. This spirit lies in our power, and especially to of prayer pervades their daily lives." evangelize the whole of our own coun- try. And we desire this, not merely as Korea a Japanese Province Christians, but as patriots; we believe it to be for the highest welfare of the A Tokyo dispatch says there is rea- country. We believe it is impossible son to believe that an announcement without Christianity to promote the of the formal annexation of Korea by highest character in our countrymen." Japan is imminent. In accordance with the convention recently made be- And when it is asked: How shall we tween Korea and Japan, the Korean Christianize Japan? the answer, of Emperor has issned an edict deleg-a- course is: First of all, by direct evanting to the Japanese Government the

W ] GFNERAL MISSION.RY

gelization. But to limit the means to you leave your wife 111 the event of this is a shallow conception. If we your death?' are aiming to influence a people truly and deeply, the leaders of the people " 'Explain the Trinity.' must be influenced, and then the ideas " 'Explain the following passages in and ideals of the whole people will be the Bible.' Christianized. "The young man was floored; but, admiring the bright woman, sent a In other words, the men who hold letter the next day to his preacher the reins in every realm of society friend asking him to arrange the marmust be given a Christian conception riage. About the same time a letter of the world, and must be cultured in came from the young lady saying she living by the principles of Christ. To didn't care to become the wife of this achieve this, it will not be enough young man !"-Foreign Mission Joursimply to proclaim the gospel to the nal. people at large; there must be the very highest educational institutions, where CHINA men of strong Christian character can be bred and trained for leadership. Changing China The Government No Foe to Mi.sions The material and intellectual condi- tions of China have changed greatly The Residency-General and the mis- during the past five years. The Rev. sionaries are allies in the best sense G. A. Bunbury, principal of the Trainof the word, their common and single ing College, Hongkong, writes: aim being the uplifting and enlightenment of the Korean people. The "Railways are being carried in all Residency-General views with great directions, mines are being opened, insatisfaction the remarkable growth dustries of all kinds are being proof Christian influence among the jected. But these material changes, Koreans, for it can not but help it in surprizing as they are, are but sympthe reform work it is undertaking on toms of a far more wonderful inteltheir behalf. In the same way it is lectual change which is rousing China our belief that the missionaries, with- to a new life. Everywhere one obout exception, welcome the success serves the creation of a national sensteadily being achieved by the Res- timent which views the whole nation idency-General in its work, because it as one. This national sentiment has is bound to smooth their way for roused China to limit the growth of spreading the gospel.-Yorodzu. opium. It urges the Government not to accept foreign loans, and guaran- The New Woman in Japan tees the money for railway construc- tion under conditions which shall se- A missionary writes: "I heard of cure (if possible) its expenditure in a a real 'new woman' of Japan the other proper way. day. Her hand was sought in marriage by a young man. A friend, a There is at present no indication that Christian minister, was asked to be the the new national sentiment is antigo-between. He invited the two young Christian, but neither is it Christian; people to meet at his house, and after to me it seems to be, strictly speaking, they had taken a look or two at each skeptical. All religions are viewed by other, and the young man had put a it "on their merits."-C. M. S. Gazette. few questions to her, she proceeded to ask him a few, as follows: The Population of China " 'What is your opinion of woman?' At the World Missionary Confer- "'Of a wife's duty to her mother- ence in Edinburgh a Chinese Christian in-law?' enthusiastically stated that the popu- " 'Of divorce?' lation of China was five hundred mil- " 'What part of your estate would lions, and not four hundred millions as usually stated. Recent statistical tables, published by the Government in Peking, however. cause the impression

that even the estimate of a population acknowledged as never before in the of four hundred millions is too high. new life and thought of this wonderful The recent official census in China decade. The village or city that has met with very great difficulties because not felt the thrill of the new day is a Chinese seem to object strenuously to marked exception. The opportunity is being numbered, and many hid suc- now before the Church to do a real cessfully from the enumerators, who spiritual work in the hearts of sincere after all counted habitations only, not men and women. It is not a time of people. They counted twenty-seven crowded chapels and great excite- millions of human habitations in all ment over the foreign religion, but Chinese provinces, except Shansi, spiritual leaders of the Church agree Kwangsu, Tszchuan, Mongolia, Tibet, that intelligent and honest men and and the Anhui province, and estimated women are accepting the gospel as their inhabitants at one hundred and perhaps never before."-Missionary sixty-five millions. Of the six Herald.

provinces where no census was taken, A Chinese Laymen's Movement Tschuan alone is said to contain forty millions of people, but the Chinese Bishop Graves writes in the Spirit Government announces officially that of Missions: it estimates the number of inhabitants "About four years ago a society of the Chinese Empire at no more known as the Men's Auxiliary was or- than two hundred and fifty millions. ganized in the district of Shanghai.

The number of houses in Peking and Its object is to bind the laymen in all its suburbs was shown to be 251,014, our various stations together, to raise so that it seems to be sure that the money for Church work and to rouse capital of China has no more than the men to do work for the Church one and a quarter millions of in- among non-Christian Chinese. Inter- habitants. est in the enterprise has gradually Rediscovering China grown, and one station after another has established branches. At the pres- With a joy too great for words, ent time every station has a branch ex- Rev. Edward H. Smith finds himself cept Yangchow, where there are not after a furlough of eighteen months as yet Christians enough to constitute back at his station in China, with its one.

familiar scenes. But some of their "The Chinese laymen have year by familiarity has disappeared even in year shown greater capacity for con- that short space. Such changes have ducting the affairs of the society. It taken place as made it necessary al- is very much their own, for by the n1.ost to rediscover his field of work. constitution the foreign missionaries The material progress made in so are not eligible to hold office in it. Up brief an interval Mr. Smith pictures to this year I have myself presided at thus: the meetings in order to insure that "Bigger schools and more of them; the society should have every en- the opium reform pushing the drug couragement and also start on rea- steadily and finally out of the empire; sonable lines. Last year the ability the city streets lighted by night and, of the members to manage their own wond~r of wonders, swept by day; affairs without any help beyond oc- uniformed and orderly police keeping casional advice from the foreigners order on these same streets, while the was quite evident, so I wrote to the postman makes his rounds, delivering committee suggesting that at the meet- newspapers and letters. Telephone ing this year their own president bells resound in the schools and larger should preside and the business be en- stores, as well as in yamens; but the tirely in their hands. This plan was best of all is the persuasive influence followed at the meeting recently held, of the Christian Church, felt and and was abundantly successful."

MISSIONARY

What a Century Has Wrought while helping to defend the legation as a captain of the spearmen, had Just a hundred years ago five Amer- wheeled his mother 400 miles, from ican college students offered them- Ankin to Peking, that she might learn selves to carry the Gospel of Christ to read the Bible for herself. Of late to the non-Christian world, and the years her strength had been unequal to American Board was organized to much travel among the villages, so send them forth on their errand. At oftentimes she sat in the gate of the the World's Missionary Conference in Woman's Foreign Missionary Society Edinburgh the announcement was compound at Taianfu, preaching Jesus made that within a few months 500 to the passers-by. As she herself wrote Chinese students had offered them- two years ago: "I do not know selves for the work of evangelizing whether or not the Lord will still give their fellow countrymen. Such evi- me so much strength, but if I can do dence of a century's progress of Chris- nothing else, here is the gate, and tianity ought to strengthen the faith many passers-by. I'll just sit in it of the most discouraged worker for and speak a word when I cari."- Christ.-Congregationalist. W arId-wide Missions.

Hand in Hand at Pekinir Christian Literature in China Five of the missions in Peking- The Rev. D. MacGillivray, of the London Mission, American Board, editorial staff of the Christian Litera- American Presbyterians, American ture Society for China, to which the Methodist Episcopals, and Young London Missionary Society has long Men's Christian Association-have contributed, sends us an interesting just formed a Union Evangelistic So- letter which space alone prevents us ciety, with a view to undertaking new from printing in full. He mentions forms of work and reaching classes of that the appearance of Halley's comet people large!y untouched by mission- was regarded as a baleful portent of ary effort. coming woes, and relates how, several months before the comet became vis- "The first part of the society's pro- ible to the naked eye, no less than gram is to carryon a preaching IOO,OOO copies of a' big poster about campaign at the different temple fairs the comet were issued by the society held in and around the city of Peking, and sent to every post-office and teleand attended bv tens of thousands of graph station in the empire. A weekpeople daily, an"d also to reach some of ly and a monthly newspaper are issued, the thousands of pilgrims who an- copies of which go to the highest ofnually make their way to a shrine ficials of the land, proclaiming week which, tho far distant, is the most by week the Savior's mc<sage of peace famous in the province. Most en- and love. A large number of books couraging have been the results at- and pamphlets has also been issued, tending the beginnings of this united and many great works, such as Drumeffort. The mat shed erected for the mond's "Program of Christianity," purpose, and capable of seating 200 have been translated. We acknowlpeople, was packed every day with an edge with gratitude the excellent work orderly and attentive audience. done by this society, which has so abundantly strengthened the hands of A Saint of Renown our own missionaries in the greatest of our fields.-World-wide Missions. "Grandmother" Wang, of wheelbarrow fame, widow of our first Meth- New Openings in Tibet odist convert in Shantung Province, and for many years a Bible woman in These stirring words come from Dr. North China conference, died March Shelton, on the Tibetan border: "We 18, at the age of eighty-six. Long are exceedingly glad to know of Dr. ago her son, iVang Chen Pei, who was Hardy's appointment, and shall be so later killed during the Peking siege glad to see him. Ve not only need even the lowest American standard. Brother Hardy but several more." It is said by those who ought to know Tibet, the "Great Closed Land," is better, that England ought to withnow open for five hundred miles far- draw from India. Should she do it, ther on the Chinese side than it ever it would be one of the greatest political has been, says Dr. Shelton, of the crimes of the centuries. The only Christian Missionary Society. He re- hope for India is in the complete ancently made a trip over the border nihilation of the whole Brahmanical where missionaries have never before system. been allowed to go, and when his purpose and ability to doctor the sick was Pandita Ramabai's Wells known he was permitted to go where and when he pleased. He was urged Those who have visited Pandita to stay, and was asked to return as Ramabai's settlement at Mukti will soon as possible. Nearly one-half of remember the large wells, with their the five hundred or six hundred abundant supply of water. The Mukti patients that Dr. Shelton treated were Prayer Bell tells of the naming of people who had never before seen a these sources of life after the names white man, and the painless removal of the fruits of the spirit-Priti of fingers, toes and other minor opera- (Love), Anand (Joy), Shanti tions were miracles to them. Another (Peace), Dhir (Long-suffering), Upaphysician, Dr. Hardy, has been ap- kaT (Goodness), Vishvas (Faith), pointed to this borderland station, but K ripa (Mercy) , Upalati (Springing more are needed. God is blessing the up), Sanjeevani (Reviving), Asha work and the missionaries are busy (Hope). On the morning of April 7, night and day with the work. Pandita Ramabai and a number of her workers and visitors met for praise INDIA and prayer with the workmen at a spot which had been chosen for a new Self-rule Not Yet Possible well. The fifty-fifth chapter of Isaiah was read, a chapter which the Chris- A missionary, speaking of the situ- tian workmen who were about to dig ation in India. says the extreme party the well had learned by heart. It was among the Indians are asking for self- remarked by a worker that the men government, and the moderates want would often think of that chapter as more voice in government. The Brit- they worked in the sun. The name of ish Government has been acceding the new well is J ehovah-Shammah. somewhat to the requests of the latter, The spot is already marked for another and shows a willingness to grant the well, which is to be called Jacob's well. people mo.re as soon as it is possible. It is to be on the roadside, where any The missionary says there is no doubt passers-by may have a drink of water, that many Americans sympathize with and hear the gospel of Jesus Christ. India in her efforts to secure more "Please pray," says the Prayer Bell, voice in the government. No doubt "that the wayfarers may hear, believe, many sympathize with the desire for and be saved."-Bombay Guardian. complete self-government. If the moderates should gain all they are now A Pundit's Admiration for Jesus asking for, it would not be a blessing to India, while the success of the ex- The Rev. F. Bower, of Trichur, tremists at present would be disastrous Cochin, writes in the C. M. S. Gazette: to the people of India. They are not yet ready for even a large share in "A few weeks ago there was a pious government, much less for self-gov- and educated Hindu living at Guruernment. It is difficult to find an wayoor, called Swamiar, who had Indian official whose standard of truth great admiration for our Lord. The and honesty would measure up to prayer which the Redeemer offered when dying on the cross of Calvary for His cruel enemies seems to have greatly imprest him. This devout man How to Secure Church Self-government said one day in a lecture at Guru- The Rev. L. B. Chamberlain, of wayoor: 'I have knowledge of other Madanapalle, read a paper at the Genreligions as well as my own, but of all eral Assembly of the South India the incarnations that I am acquainted United Church at Trivandrum, in with, I consider that Christ is the best. which he thus defined the working of Oh, my Hindu friends, look at the self-government by the London Mis- Christ of the Bible! How kind and sionary Society in India. In the good He is. Hear His prayer for His Travancore mission of the London enemies: "God, forgive them, for Missionary Society, self-support is exthey know not what they do." Who pected as a preliminary to the organican pray like that unless He be a zation of a congregation into a "pasloving and good divine incarnation?' " torate with its own pastor and inde- Agitation for Christian Union pendent self-government." In the Madras presidency and Mysore, there The Dnyamodaya makes sugges- is a threefold classification of churches. tion toward interdenominational ap- The first-class churches contribute all proachment, seconding one made by expenses of the church, select their the Bombay Guardian. Our contem- own pastor, anu direct their own afporary says, "Surely every mission at fairs. The next class contribute a its regular and also at its occasional half or more of all expenses, select special gatherings could with great their pastor from among nominees of profit invite representatives from other the mission, and direct their affairs missions to give the best inspiration of advised by a representative of the mistheir beliefs and the best counsel of sion. The third class consists of those their experience on various problems who give less than a half of the exof thought and administration. Every penses. These are under the control mission's successful attempt and the of the mission, which appoints a failures, too, can furnish helpful sug- catechist to the pastoral charge. gestions to other workers in the same field, or can evoke helpful suggestions A Laymen'. Movement in Ceylon from those who have been more suc- Last October a public meeting was cessful." We fully agree with our con- held in Colombo to consider what temporary in saying that "personal in- steps should be taken toward forming tercourse can do more than can publish- a laymen's international and interde- ed ideas and reports, criticisms and ap- nominational missionary movement in probations, toward that mutual under- . Ceylon. Mr. T. Gracie proposed the standing, mutual appreciation, mutual following resolution: "That, in view suffering, mutual inspiration and an of the large number of districts and effective cooperation which are needed villages in this island that are still un- for the joyful and successful prosecu- evangelized, and recognizing the fact tion of Christian work. Such inter- that the laymen of all the churches are change of friendly visits need not wait equally responsible with the ordained for the formation of any organization. ministers to pray and work for the Indeed, they may be the most effica- coming of the Kingdom of God upon cious means of consummating a formal earth, and that every Christian should union. At any rate, they would be recognize the world as his field and to not difficult and yet valuable means of the measure of his ability work for its Christian fellowship and Christian evangelization, the time has come, in service." The only proviso we should the opinion of this meeting, when a ask for is that these interchanges forward movement should be made on should be recognized as th6roughly the part of the lay members of the informal rather than official. The Christian churches of Ceylon with a more we know of each other the view to enlisting the intelligent and better.-Indian Witness. practical interest of others in the evan-

gelizatiull of the island. That, with for Christianity and attraction toward this end in view, an association called it, it is, above all things, necessary to the 'Ceylon Laymen's Missionary raise the spiritual life of the Oriental Movement' be formed, and that a Christians, to win them to the gospel, committee be appointed to organize so that they may show forth the power the movement, and to take such steps of their Lord in their own character.- as shall be necessary to carry into ef- Evangelisches Missions-Magazin. fect the objects in view." Difficulties of Work for Moalema ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS This year the leaders of the consti- Non-Turks in Turkey tutionalists in Urumia, writes Rev. R. M. Labaree, felt that they must demon- One-half of the 20,000,000 inhab- strate that they were loyal and zealous itants of Turkey are not Turks. The Mohammedans; otherwise they could non-Turkish IO,OOO,OOO are of many not keep their hold upon the people. races, Jews, Armenians, Bulgarians, The result was that there was a great Greeks, Arabs, Syrians, Kurds, etc., recrudescence of fanaticism at this each speaking their own tongue. In time of mourning. Men that had Robert College, the American institu- never taken part in such demonstration, which has done more than any tions were forced to take their place in other to raise up leaders of the empire, the processions, and march with straw the common language of instruction upon their heads, and with their and conversation is English-the use breasts red with beating, as signs of of which is steadily increasing in the their grief. Near East. After a Mohammedan has accepted Will the Young Turks Favor Chria- Christ, what are you going to do with him? For Moslem converts there is tianity? always the trying question of making a living in a society wholly hostile to The Bote aus Zion, a journal pub- them. In times past this has been lished in Jerusalem, discusses the prob- tried, and the result has been the gathable effects of the Young Turk revo- ering into the Church of a number of lution on the spread of Christianity those who in China are called "rice among Mohammedans. Whether the Christians." Weare very careful not religious freedom which is now nom- to hold out any hope whatever to any inally allowed will be translated prac- inquirer that we will assist him to tically into liberty of conversion to earn his living. Christianity, only the future can show. Far more important for mission work EUROPE than the lessened danger of conversion is an increase of susceptibility in Nuggets from Edinburgh Mohammedans to the preaching of the gospel. The experience of Egypt does How unlike the first Christian counnot encourage us to think that relig- cil. The other morning I was sudious freedom will lead to increase denly overwhelmed with the thought of conversions. Mohammedans look of the contrast between this assembly down on Christianity with disdain, and that first council, as it is someand even when the superior progres- times called, at Jerusalem. There the siveness of Christian nations stares little conclave of apostles reached the them in the face, they do not recognize reluctant conclusion that the new way that it has anything to do with re- of life was to be preached to Gentiles, ligion. Moreover, the Christians over provided they would maintain one or whom they have ruled for centuries two cherished prejudices of Judaism have done little to convince them by about food. Here this great council, their life and conversation of the gathered from all nations and tongues, moral superiority of Christianity. To was discussing the complete conquest infuse into the Mohammedan respect of the world for Christ, including the

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 70<

12,000,000 Jews, as an important, but Many Fathers in Israel very small, element in the great enterprisc.-REv. R. F. HORTON. And what veterans these are! John Ross, who went to Manchuria thirty- Every Race Represented eight years ago, and has seen the work grow from three converts the first year The first dramatic little scene to to 30,000 baptized converts; George catch the eye at Edinburgh was the Nettleton, who has been so long in vision of a Chinese man, in flowing the Fiji Islands that he has seen them blue-gray robes and a black cap sur- grow from savagery into a Christian mounted by a scarlet button, in conver- people; Andrew Watson, who found sation with a Hindu under a volumi- four schools in Egypt forty years ago, nous turban. As they strolled along and now sees gathered into Christian together they met a full-blooded negro schools 17,000 pupils, and in more pastor, and in a trice were in close and modern times, S. A. Moffatt, who has laughing talk. It was a vignette of seen the transformation of Korea. the whole conference. My first tea was in company with Dr. Julius Rich- GREAT BRITAIN ter, as humorous as he is learned, and chief of German authorities on world- Doings of the Bible Society missions, together with Dr. Boehmer, a splendid Dutch editor and author At its recent annual meeting, the from Furstenfelde. By the side of a British and Foreign Bible Society was Swiss one saw a Korean who rubbed able to present a report that should shoulders with a Japanese principal. strengthen the faith and inspire the A brown-gowned member of a Hindu activity of the men and women of the brotherhood strolled with a Singhalee, churches of Christendom. The unwhile a Burman fraternized with a precedented number of issues amountdelegate from the Punjab. Racial ed to 6,620,024, including 843,784 difference was absolutely lost in a Bibles, 1,198,226 New Testaments, glowing sense of brotherhood of aim and 4,578,014 smaller portions of and spirit. And, quite apart from the Scripture. This is 685,000 in excess influence of the discussions in the con- of the output of the previous year, and ference, these tea-table talks and strolls constitutes a record in the history of under the evening sky have cemented the society. Much of the growth thus international friendships and opened indicated is to be accounted for by floodgates of sympathy. the opening up of the Eastern world to the incoming of the missionaries of How the Gospel Unifies Christianity.

Very noteworthy was the place China Inland Minion given to the representatives of the native churches, Indian, Chinese, J ap- For this society the year 1909 anese, Korean, and African. No opened with a band of 928 missionspeakers were more welcome, and aries, located at 210 central stations, none more suggestive and helpful. while it closed with 934 foreign work- There was, indeed, an attempt to elim- ers residing at 21 I central stations, or inate the word "native" altogether a net increase of only 6 workers and from the description of these brethren one central station. During the twelve and the churches represented by them. months, however, 38 new workers It had crept into the agenda by mis- joined the mission, 27 being members, take. Bishop Brent, of the Philippines, and I I associates-1 I being men and in this connection, made a good point 27 women. In addition to the loss by when he declared, "I am a native death of 9 valued workers, 23 (in- Canadian, by choice an American cluding wives) retired for health, citizen, by grace and the call of the family, and other reasons. mission a Philippine, bnt I do not cease to be a native Canadian." Without including the funds of the associate missions (with their 207 workers), which do not appear on the

mIssIon books in England, it was re- from actual starvation. Especially is corded that the income received in this change of mind noticed at Ivry, Great Britain, together with the funds where the mayor celebrates "civil bap- received in China, and the remittances tisms" once a month, at which time made to China from North America the parents promise that their children and Australasia, amounted to 153,703. shall not receive any kind of religious Comparing these figures with 1908 instruction. The religious attitude of from the same sources, there was a the community may be inferred from decrease of iI 1,626. this institution. The council now seems to be willing to aid the missions During the year no fewer than as a result of the practical aid fur- 2,828 persons have publicly declared nished at the hall. their faith in Christ by baptism, and of this number some 600 were aborigines Third German Colonial Congress in the province of Yunnan, in which province hitherto comparatively few Invitations have been issued for the converts have come out on the Lord's third German Colonial Congress which side. In the thirty-five years of the is to meet in the Imperial Parliament mission's history which preceded the Building in Berlin from October 6 to Boxer crisis of 1900, some 12,964 per- 8. Announcement is made that the sons were baptized. In the nine years congress will have seven sections, of which have succeeded that time of which one will deal with the religious, terrible persecution, the mission has educational, and moral conditions in had the joy of receiving as communi- the German colonies. The German cants into the Church over 20,176 per- miSSionary societies, both Roman sons, which makes a total of more Catholic and Protestant, have been inthan 33,000 from the commencement. vited to select subjects and speakers Of this number, making allowances for this religious section of the confor death, removals, and church dis- gress, and all have accepted the invicipline, more than two-thirds are still tations. Their representatives have spared to witness for their Lord and met and decided that two questions, Master in their homes and neighbor- viz., that of the education of the nahoods. tives and that of the progress of Islam, shall be discust, and that a complete THE CONTINENT statistical atlas of all missionary work in German colonies shall be jointly The Latest Numbering of Israel published.

According to figures recently pub- The congress will be largely attendlished in Berlin by the Central Statis- ed, since 117 institutes, societies, etc., tical Bureau, the Jewish population of interested in its purposes, have already the world numbers 11,625,650. Of accepted the invitations, while in the these Europe holds 8,892,000, with congress of 1902 only 70, and in that 5,082,342 in Russia, '2,034,500 in of 1905 only 87 institutes and societies Austria, Germany 607,862, Great participated. Britain 240,540, France 95,000, Spain 4,000, etc. German Institute for Medical Missions A Flood Which Helped a Mission A capacious building of three and a half stories was recently dedicated One of the results of the flood in by Christian people in Germany. Paris is a changed attitude toward the Chiseled in the stone across its mid- McCall missions. Where there was at front it bears the name, whose equivabest only a sullen permission to hold lent in English is, "German Institute the services, there is now a cordial ap- for Medical Missions." That such preciation of the gooe! work done in special provision should be made in the time of sore need. In several of this age to train students for medical the McCall halls soup kitchens were work on mission fields is natural, as it established, where many were kept

IO J GENERAL MISSIONARY

is also that Germany should be for- were executed. Eleven hundred famward in the undertaking. What is ilies, comprizing about 6,000 persons, more surprizing, while it is highly were notified to quit the city. The satisfactory, is the place where this regulations divided these into three building is located. It is at Tiibingen classes. The first class were made up and in close alliance with its univer- of those Jews who have small famsity, whose fame has so long been for ilies or no families at all. They were hindrance rather than furtherance to notified to leave Kieff within five days. the progress of Christianity. But now Many of the people who belonged to at the very center from which the as- this class were small stockholders, saults of Baur and Strauss were di- agents, etc. The second class comrected against the historical credibility prized families of five or more memof the Christian gospel, special oppor- bers. They were granted fourteen tunities are given to missionaries of days to wind up all business and leave that gospel to qualify themselves for the city. Among these were counted an important branch of their work.- artizans unable to work, who are Missionary Herald. therefore under the law ipso facto not entitled to live in Kieff, and the A Report on Catholic Missions widows of artizans. The third class comprized the proletariat, the poorest, A report on Catholic missionary including beggars. These were nowork has just been issued by Mon- tified to be prepared to leave at any signor Freri, general director of the moment. The lett~r says that since Society for the Propagation of the many of these unfortunates have not Faith. This report shows an increase given up all hope, and as they move in gifts of $61,755 over last year, but heaven and earth to regain their rights directs attention to the necessity for of domicile, and as the whole prothe Church at home to make greater ceeding of expUlsion is still going on, sacrifices for the sake of its workers it is impossible to estimate how many abroad. It shows that an unmarried of them will finally have to go. Protestant missionary receives about $600, but the income of the Catholic AMERICA missionary, who receives no stated salary, is less than $1 I I; and that The Second Phase of the Laymen'. the Northern Methodists of America alone last year subscribed over $2,000,- Movement 000 in missionary funds, and all American Protestants more than $II,OOO,- Next year's plans have been uncler 000, yet Catholics the world over con- most careful consideration by the tributed in all but $1,342,292.27. It is leaders of the Laymen's Missionary estimated that the number of Catholic Movement, and include three main missionaries in the foreign field, ex- features. It is planned that each of clusive of converted natives, who have the seventy-five cities where conventaken up the work, is 54,000, of whom tions were held this year will be visited 10,000 are priests, 4,000 teaching as early as practicable next fall for a brothers, and 45,000 nuns. In addi- careful study with the local leaders of tion to their share of the general fund. the best plans for deepening and exthe missionades receive alms and tending the missionary spirit in all the contributions from various sources. churches. They will be open to all members of men's missionary commit- Expelling Jews from Kieff tees, including all pastors. Probably two afternoons and evenings will be A letter from Kieff, made public spent at each center. by the Anglo-Jewish Association of London, gives certain details of the The seconcl main feature will be the regulations under which the recent holding of conventions in a limited cruel expulsion of Jews from Kieff number of large cities, which were not included in this year's schedule.

The third feature is to hold county

conventions in as many counties as raised, salaries increased, mortgages leaders can be found or developed to burned, and all after there had been a take charge of them. As it takes time missionary awakening in the congre- to find and prepare these leaders, the gation, and not before it had taken most of these conventions will not be place. Mr. White, who presided, held until the season is somewhat ad- called on all those present who knew vanced. N at many of them can be from experience similar results, and managed properly before November. every man present stood-and not one These county conventions will be un- when the contrary was called for." der the supervision of the secretaries of the Laymen's Movement, to be lo- Y. M. C. A. Figures cated at New York, Boston, Richmond, Va., Pittsburg, Chicago, Kan- The Year Book of the North Amersas City and San Francisco, by the ican Young Men's Christian Associaopening of the fall season. A special tions furnishes us with ground for no pamphlet dealing in detail with the little encouragement, as it tells of county cooperating committee and its genuine advance all along the line. work has been prepared and may be There are on this continent I,9I4 assecured, free of charge, by applying to sociations, with nearly half a million headquarters. members, showing a gain of over IO,- 000. The active membership has been Chicago Churches Making Good increased to I88,274, of which over 63,000 bear responsibility as memberR The foHow-up committee appointee! of committees. There are I30 colored by the Chicago Laymen's Missionary men's departments, and army and navy convention reported at an enthusiastic sections are operating at 37 forts, meeting in the central Y. M. C. A. posts, ports and naval stations. The building, June I6, that $226,308 of the railroads are represented in the report $250,000, set as the goal for the Chi- by 237 associations, while there arc cago churches for the year had been 763 student and Indian associations. subscribed. The largest increase was The interest in Bible study appears in in the Fourth Presbyterian Church. the fact that nearly 93,000 students Here Dr. John Timothy Stone has are enrolled in some 6,000 Bible stirred up a foreign missionary inter- classes, thus recording a gain of 4,000. est which has raised the offering from Personal work is wisely brought to the $I3,000 last year to $24,000. The front, and reported conversions have money was paid in before Dr. Stone risen from I4,556 to 20,II6. The went abroad to gather more fuel for property owned by the association is missionary fires in Edinburgh. valued at $62,800.000, subject to an aggregate debt of only $7,IOO,000. How to Pay Church Debts The yearly expenses are more than $7,500,000, and are provided for by The following is an extract from an membership fees and contributions. account of the Laymen's Missionary The whole report is one of stirring Congress recently held in Chicago: activity and well-earned success. "One of the Church clergy present arose and said that he was constantly Growth of Christian Endeavor hearing the statement that when a congregation contributed largely to The twenty-fifth annual business missions, while it seemed an anomaly, meeting of the "United Society of the income increased for current and Christian Endeavor," held in Boston, other expenses. He wanted to know June 8, marked the completion of the if that statement was correct. A most first quarter century of the United enthusiastic discussion then took place. Society, and a review of the twenty- Five or six men representing different five years since the society was formed religious bodies immediately arose and makes a remarkable showing. 'Within gave the finest kind of testimony from that time the number of societies has experience where debts had been increased from 253 to over 73,000 in

MISSIONARY

all the world. In every Protestant Cooperation at Home evangelical denomination and in every The Federal Council of Churches country the world arol'nd the society which has been formed in America is is found. endeavoring to secure cooperation be- The reports of President Clark and tween denominations, so as to avoid Secretary Shaw showed that the last waste by overcrowding churches in year has in many resrects been the. small communities. A committee of best in the history of the movement. forty from twenty-one denominations Tho the statistics are incomplete, it is was appointed a year ago to make an fonnd that during the last ten months investigation of the religions situation an average of more than six new so- in Colorado and O. F. Gardner, as- cieties have been formed every day sistant secretary of the council, spent of the week, or one every three and several months in that State gathering one-half hours, and that in this conn- information. He secured information try alone. covering fuIly three-fourths of all the There has been great growth of the church work in the State, with fairly Endeavor movement among the col- accurate knowledge of nine-tenths of ored people of the South. In. the it. From his report it seems that 11 Afr'jcan M. E. Church, South, there per cent of home mission money of are already 1,600 societies of Chris- all denominational societies spent in tian Endeavor, and the leaders of this the State goes to communities having denomination are planning and ex- only one church, and about 78 per pecting to add to their ranks 1,000 cent goes to the nine largest cities and new societies and 108.000 new mem- towns. This makes 89 per cent spent bers. The same is true, in a good either where there is no duplication measure, of the African M. E. Zion or in rapidly growing centers. The Church, South. other 1 I per cent of home mission Sailors at a Communion Service money is used in places of small size where two or more mission boards are May, 1910. was a memorable month trying to sustain churches. This in- at the new Seamen's Institute of the vestigation does not include the over- American Seamen's Friend Society in crowding of churches that support New York. On the whole month themselves, bnt only those vvhich call rested the light which fell from the on their denominational boards for first communion service of the Church help. In Colorado, towns with 300 of the Sea. held on the evening of to 400 population and three or four May I. After a sermon by the chap- struggling churches are exceptional, lain, an opportunity was given for tho such cases exist.

anv to retire who could not remain. The investigations of the joint com- V~ry few withdrew. and those who re- mittee brought ant the fact that in mained will never forget the tender Colorado there are 133 places having and sweetly solemn first meeting of from ISO to 1,000 inhabitants, without the little band constituting the first Protestant churches of any denomina- members of the Chmch of the Sea tion, while 100 of these places had gathered at the Lord's table. not even a Roman Catholic church.

In the little circle were men of every Some are mining or rural communities position in the ship, and of various not easily accessible. Most of them nationalities. British, German, French, have liquor saloons and other evil re- Swedish, American, and others; and sorts; but none have any agencies for men of different denominations, Bap- preaching or teaching the gospel. Be- tists, Episcopalian. Methodist, Pres- sides these 133 places are 428 settle- byterian, Church of England, Lutheran ments of sufficient importance to have and others, all prophetic of the growth post-offices, where there are no and spread of the influence of the churches. Whole counties appear to Church of the Sea, be almost or wholly destitute of any religiolls work. Las Animas County day-school work. The expedition is has eleven churches in Trinidad, with to be led bv :Mr. Marion Lawrance and 14,000 inhabitants, but only four other exp;rts, and the cost is so very churches in the rest of the county con- low and the opportunity so exceptional taining 16,000 people. Cheyenne is a that it is (;xpected many will take adrapidly developing dry-farming county vantage of it. with only one church. Of the sixty counties in Colorado, eighteen appear AFRICA to be without adequate church work of any kind. The committee report that Assiut College if similar conditions exist in the other eleven mountain and Pacific States, This missionary institution began over 1,000 C011lll111nities and, counting in 1865 literally with the A, B, C's. neighborhoods with post-offices, over Its first students were boys, some of 4,000, are destitute of religious privi- whom, possibly, knew simple reading leges. and the multiplication table, but many of whom did not know the alphabet. Missions and Adult Classes The number of men in Egypt who at that time could read and write was At the Silver Bay (N. Y.) confer- very few. In 1897, thirty-two years ence on missionary education in the after the school at Assiut had been Sunday-school, a group of superin- begun, only 88 men out of every tendents, pastors, secretaries, editors, thousand in all Egypt could read. missionaries, and teachers discust Very few of the fathers who first sent the subject of adult Bible classes their sons to Assiut could read, and and missions. They rightly held that none of the mothers. The college is the aim of these classes should be to now only 45 years old Only one genadvance the Kingdom of God; that eration has passed since it was opened each class should have a missionary as an elementary school in the historic committee; that a missionary environ- donkey-stable. ~ To-day, while about ment and atmosphere should be 150 people out of every 1,000 in all created by the use of charts, pictures, Egypt can read, about 750 out of diagrams, mottoes, curios, bulletin- every 1,000 Protestants can read and boards, books and periodicals; that write. In 1897 only 6 women out of the class should investigate local re- every r,ooo could read, now probably ligious problems and help to solve 18 or 20 out of every 1,000 know how them; that the missionary thought to read, but of the Protestant comshould be prominent in the Scripture munity in 1&}7, out of every r,ooo readings, songs, prayers and illustra- women 200 could read, and now tive teachings of the lesson; that mis- probably 400 Protestant women out of sion news items and letters from home every 1,000 can read, and the most of and abroad should be reported to the them can also write. This is the result class; that adult classes should at times, of the Protestant schools in Egypt, led either on Sunday or a week day, take up by the college through its students and the systematic study of missionary sub- teachers. jects, following one of the special courses planned by the Young Peo- Britain's Service to Egypt ple's Missionary Movement; that the class should express its missionary When England assumed sole control spirit by gifts, personal work and in in 1882, Egypt was still bankrupt, other ways. with a public debt of more than $500,- 000,000, and an income insufficient to A Missionary Tour to Mexico pay the interest and carryon the gov- ernment. The public revenue in 1882 Early in September the. Interna- amounted to $4,5°0,000; in r907, to tional Sunday-school Association is $8 I ,500,000; more than $r 0,000,000 in planning a special excursion to Mexico in the interests of missionary and Sun~ excess of the expenditures. On Janu- ary 1, I908, the sum of $4.5,000,000

GENERAL MISSIONARY

was in the general reserve fund, and that their supplies wiII last until the the public debt was reduced in 1908 arrival of the expedition for their reby $1,600,000; it now is $479,000,000. lief and the punishment of the hostile While millions have been saved and natives. enormous public works completed, taxation has been reduced. The fel- A Conference on the Kongo lah, or peasant, formerly prostrated by taxes, enmeshed in the toils of usurers, As one of the missionaries present the puppet of pashas and the victim of writes home: "It is held every two insurmountable evils, is now contented years, lasting five and a half days. To and prosperous. i~ come members of seven different so- cieties–one Swedish, four American The cities and towns were without and two English. They come by land any drainage or sewerage. Only and by water, by steamer and caravan, within ten years even Cairo itself, with and by train; the two farthest points a death-rate of forty-six per one from which they came are eight hunthousand, has undertaken any such dred miles apart. This year six napublic work. In the country every tionalities were represented, and two canal was polluted, and stagnant pools colors, black and white. You could of filth were near every viIlage. The hear French, Swedish, Dutch, and annual pilgrimages to Mecca were English being spoken round about, likewise the means of introducing but all were come on business, and many infectious and loathsome dis- meant business. eases. Cholera and other epidemics were of frequent occurrence, and their "We had with us Monsieur Vanderravages carried off thousands and velde, the member of the Belgian Parthousands of the population. Little liament, who had come out to defend by little, the various difficulties of the Dr. Morrison and Dr. Sheppard, situation have been studied and solved against whom the Kasai Syndicate had by the adluinistration. until now, brought a charge of libe1. What a Egypt may be considered a reasonably man t tall, keen, intellectual, strength healthy country.-The World To-day. written all over him. He spoke to us on the Kongo question. What a Cannibals on the Rampage preacher he would make-his whole body swaying in splendid unison with In Obudu, in southern Nigeria, his fiery eloquence. It was good to comes a report of the siege there of see, hear, and know him." five Englishmen and a company of native troops by cannibals of the The South African Republic Monchi tribe. The Monehis have never been subdued by the English, The English newspapers are full of and their influence on the friendly the great event which took place in tribes on the border is feared unless South Africa eight years to the day an expedition whieh is about to be sent of the signing of the Vereeniging to punish the hostiles should convince treaty, which brought to a close the the wavering "friendly" tribes that it disastrous South African war. Mr. is unprofitable to interfere with the Balfour spoke of it, when the South English. The besieged Englishmen, Africa Act was before the House of who are believed to be stiII holding Commons, as "the most wonderful out in their defense against the can- issue out of all those divisions, connibals, are District Commissioner troversies, battles and outbreaks-the Weld, Dr. McKinnon, Captain Lang, devastation and horror of war, the Lieutenant Graham and Color Ser- difficulties of peace," and exprest his geant Henderson. Besides the com- belief that "the world shows nothing pany of Southern Nigerian Rifles, who like it in all history." One writer, reare native blacks, they have two ferring to this remarkable event, said: Maxim machine-guns. It is hoped "Ten years ago no one on the sur- face of the whole of this planet would

have believed that what happened last The offertory amounted to Rs. 95. A Tuesday was possible even by a missionary writes in Uganda Nates: miracle. If an angel had descended from heaven in the year 1900 and an- "In looking back we are reminded nounced to the English people that of the fact that it is less than ten years ten years hence South Africa would since the Rev. H. W. Tegart led a be united and peaceful and prosper- little band of teachers into this disous; that Mr. Gladstone (then chief trict. . . . From this small beginning Liberal whip) would be a Viscount of faith there has gone on wonderful and its Governor-General; that Gen- blessing, and the church has now eral Botha (then in the field against 2,092 Christians on its roll, and furus) would be Prime Minister of all ther, on Easter Sunday ten young men South Africa, and that in the ranks offered for work in the distant fields of of his ministry would be General Bukedi (in the northern province of Smuts, General Hertzog and Mr. Fischer, and Cape Colonial Dutch the protectorate) ."-c. M. S. Gleaner. 'rebels' (as they were then called) like Mr. Sauer, Mr. Malan and Mr. A Campaign Against Witch-doctors Graaff, absolutely no one would have believed him." The native parliament of Ankole, in the western province of Uganda, A Union of Churches has lately made a campaign against the witch-doctors and has confiscated The union of the British South Af- their charms and stock-in-trade. The rican colonies in one confederation Rev. H. Clayton writes from Mbarara, seems likely to be accompanied by a the capital: union of evangelical churches into an organization which can not, of course, "On a recent itineration I saw large be the State Church, but which may numbers of these charms collected at be the combination of all the non- some of the centers; cow-horns filled Episcopal churches of South Africa. with native medicine, which were sup- At present, the Wesleyan Methodists posed to be inhabited by spirits and to do not see the way clear to join the give answers when addrest by the union. But Presbyterians, Baptists witch-doctors; head-dresses and rattles and Congregationalists have agreed used by them in their incantations; upon a basis of union, doctrinal and the skins of small animals. with the administrative, which is likely to be head left on, sewn up to make bags to adopted by their supreme courts and keep their charms in; two dogs' skulls, by the individual congregations, and, and many other very dirty and unif so accepted, the annual assemblies savory articles. of the churches for I912 will be held concurrently in Capetown, and the act "One charm which a chief gave me of union consummated. was the skin of a goat's head with a whistle inserted in it. This, when A Notable Dedication pinched, squeaks like a child's india- rubber doll. When a man was ill, the On Easter Sunday a new church witch-doctor would take this to the was consecrated at Kikoma, Buwekula, house and interpret the squeaks to be in Uganda proper. There was a con- demands of the evil spirit for goats gregation of 1,000 people inside and and other presents before it would an overflow of 500. After the conse- leave the sick man." cration came morning prayer, and then the confirmation of 203 candi- A New Field in Africa to be Occupied dates, with a sermon by Bishop Tucker. An impressive service closed 'rhe N el1kirchen Missionary Instiwith holy communion, when 7I6 tute expects to occupy soon the land Christians partook of the sacrament. of Urundi, in German East Africa. Its missionaries have been laboring with blest success in the Witu-Tana Land, which was ceded to England by Germany for Heligoland, but which they consider sufficiently occupied by which the procession was to pass, four missionary centers. The German East Africa Society, which has its some drawn through curiosity, but work in Ruanda, the district next to U rundi, seeing that Islam is becoming most because of sympathy for the more threatening and Romanism preparing to enter the unoccupied Protestant movement. The various Urundi, urgently invited the Neukirchen Institute to occupy the land. provinces had sent in great delega- The institute has accepted the invitation and is preparing to send two of tions, led by brass bands. More than its experienced African laborers upon a journey of investigation into the land a dozen brass bands were placed at of Urundi, preparatory to actual occupation. intervals along the line; banners and illuminated mottoes were everywhere.

Among the various mottoes the one seen oftenest bore the words, so sim- ple, but so significant to the Filipino, whose eyes have been for so many years turned toward the Virgin Mary 'Jesus the Only Savior.''' '

What Education Can Do Mr. Harper sums up the growth of M~t~o~ism during its ten years in the The possibilities of a race, as illus- ~hll1ppmes as follows: "During this trated in Miss Diana Bralah McNeil, hme the Methodist Episcopal Church a recent graduate of the University of in the Philippines has grown into an Southern California, is "big with annual conference of forty-five mempromise" for the native popUlation of bers. More than 500 men are under the west coast of Africa. Miss Mc- appointment to preach the gospel. Neil is of the Grebo tribe, Cape There are 30,000 members, with more Palmas, Liberia. Her mother was res- than lOO,OOO adherents. The Bible cued from a cruel death by Miss has found its way into hundreds of Elizabeth McNeil, a missionary sta- thousands of homes. During these ten tioned in Liberia. The mother later years there have been built a deabecame a Christian and gave her baby coness .training-school, a hospital, a girl to the missionary to be trained for theologIcal seminary and an orphans' Christian service. While at the uni- home. We now have church property versity Miss McNeil spent half her valued at $172,000." time in domestic service, and yet stood among the first in her class. Better Times in Madagascar?

ISLANDS OF THE SEA The recalling of the anti-mission- ary Governor-General of Madagascar Methodist Anniversary in the Philippines Monsieur Augagneur, has not been a~ effectiv~ as we hoped in producing On February 28, the Methodists of better times for the missionaries. It the Philippines held a demonstration is true that Mr. Coe, who has the in Manila, to commemorate the tenth name of a just and honest man, has anniversary of the beginnings of been sent to Madagascar as governor Methodism in the islands. On the ap- pro tem, but it is becoming apparent pointed day, after anniversary exer- that the real successor of Mons. cises had been held at the large Knox Augagneur will be one of his own fol- Memorial Church, where more than lowers. The former Governor-Gen- 2,000 Filipino Methodists had assem- eral has been elected a member of the bled, the line of march was formed French Parliament, and will naturally for the procession. "Thousands of exert all his influence toward the con- Filipinos," writes the Rev. Isaac B. ~inuan~e of his anti-missionary policies Harper, in The Philippine Christian m the Island. Let us not cease in our Advocate, "had gathered about the prayers for Madagascar, its missionchurch and along the streets through aries, and its Christians.

OBITUARY NOTES of repeated long attacks of illness, and almost constant feeble health. She Rev. H. Grattan Guinness, D.O., of will be especially remembered on ac- count of her literary work, which has London done so much to aid missionaries of all denominations in North China. The founder of the Regions Beyond Missionary Union of London and the Dr. and Mrs. Nevius went to China author of several well-known Biblical in 1854 and were among the pioneers studies, passed away in Bath, England, of the Shantung Mission. on June 2I. Dr. Guinness has been well known for fifty years as preacher, Miss Corinna Shattuck, of Turkey author, missionary and organizer. He was born in Kingstown, Dublin, in This well-known mIssIonary of 1835, the son of Captain John Guin- Armenia passed away recently at Dorness, and was educated at Cheltenham chester, Mass. Miss Shattuck spent and Exeter. He was converted, when about fourteen years in Asiatic Turkey about to set out for the Orient, and and devoted herself heroically to the afterward attended New College, Lon- education and relief of the Armenians. don. In 1870 Dr. Guinness founded She first went to Aintab in 1873, and the East London Training Institute, again, after being six years in America which was afterward transferred to to recuperate, in 1883; became prin- Harley House. Doric Lodge was af- cipal of the girls' school at Marash, terward established for training wo- and in 1892 went to Urfa to engage men missionary workers and Berger in evangelistic and educational work. Hall for Christian philanthropies While there she passed through the among the poor. terrible experiences of the Armenian massacres of 1896. The interest aroused by Stanley'S exploration led to the establishment Dr. Esther Kim Pak, Korea of the Livingstone Inland Mission. Later an invitation from an African Mrs. Esther Kim Pak, M.D., first chief led to the opening of the Kongo native woman physician in Korea, died Bololo Mission. Then followed the recently at Seoul. At her funeral the formation of the Regions Beyond Mis- church was full of loving and appresionary Union, which has opened ciative friends, both men and women, work also in South America, Central native and foreign. The nurses and America and Behar, India. The chil- medical students from Severance Hosdren, Lucy Guinness Kumm, Geraldine pital attended in a body. What man Guinness Taylor, Dr. G. Whitefield would have so honored a woman in Guinness, of China, and Harry Grat- Korea twenty-five years ago? tan Guinness, M.D., have all taken an active part in missionary work. Esther Kim, as a child, was a pupil in the first mission school ever estab- Mrs. John L. Nevius, China lished for Korean girls, opened by Mrs. M. F. Scranton, in Seoul, in On June 22, Mrs. John L. Nevius, 1885. Later, through the efforts of of Chefoo, was called to her reward, Dr. Rosetta S. Hall, she came to after a term of fifty-six years of faith- America with her husband, studied ful and memorable service in China. medicine in the Woman's Medical Col- lege of Baltimore, and having obtained Mrs. Nevius was a noble and re- her degree, returned to Korea, to bemarkable woman, who for many years come a most valued assistant to Dr. was the efficient and sympathetic Hall in the woman's hospital at helper of her distinguished husband, Pyengyang. and since then has labored on in spite TWICE-BOHN MEN. A Clinic in Regenera- George H. lllakeslee, who edits the volume. China is presented from tion. By Harold Bcgbie. Fleming H. many points of view by those who are experts-professors, diplomats, Revell Co. 1909. economists, missionaries, and other authorities. Sixteen lectures relate to The author describes his book as "a China, and three each to Korea and foot-note in narrative to Prof. William Japan. Four of the chapters are mis- James's 'Varieties of Religious E.x- sionary in tone: The "History of perience!" It is, however, a defimte Christian Missions in Ch:na," by Prof. contribution to the study of conver- Harlan P. Beach, of Yale; "New sion among the lower classes. Learning of China," by Dr. D. Z. Sheffield, a missionary of the Amer- The reader is repelled by the pref- ican Board in China; .. Progress of ace. One meets with "astonishing Religious Education in China," by psychology," "incredible psychology," Prof. EdwarJ C. Moore, of HarvarJ "extraordinary material to psychol- University; and "Religious Conditions ogy," all on one page. By promises in Korea," by Rev. Ernest F. Hall, a of "strange revelations," "strange his- missionary of the Preshyterian Board. tories," "wonderful biography," one is led to fear that we are not in the pres- THE ANTI-SALOON LEACUr-: YEAR BOOK. ence of a careful and discriminating narrator. Ern",,! 1l. Clwrringt"n. vVesterville, The book is better than the preface. Ohio. 1910. We are made acquainted with some of the one-time "Miserables" of a certain This book contains more than district of London, with men who have seventy maps, showing the "wet" and come up out of the sorry life of the "dry" territory of the United States slums into the peace and power of the during recent years; also contains a gospel. All the stories are taken from chronology of the temperance movelife and from the day's work of the ment in America, giving the events of Salvation Army. The author aims interest in connection therewith from "to convince skeptical readers of the 1642 until IgIO. Another department reality and value of conversion, and of the book tells the conditions in each to create deeper sympathy for that par- State, January I, 1910, showing the ticular religious organization, whose progress made under prohibition anel work among the outcasts he has fol- local option laws during 190J. The lowed in this book, and make its official facts and fignres relat"ng to the methods more respected and admirecl temperanc~ reform have been compileJ by those who judge without knowl- from various national, State, city and edge." county official reports, together with tables showing the rdative value of One is again and again reminded of license and no-license in the cities anel Mr. Hadley's "Down in Water Street." counties of different States. It is a But our book is written by an ob- good handbook for th:)se who wish server interested in the psychology of the facts in the fight against strong religion rather than b~ a mall wh? is drink. a part of the life descnbec!. N otwlthstanding a certain excessiveness of ARJ1JN. By S. E. Stokes. 121110. 115 pages. style, the book has its own place and value. Is, 6d, net. Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. London. 1910. CHINA AND THE FAR EAST. CLnk Univer- The author of this interesting story sity Lectures. Edited hy George H. of an Indian hoy is the founder of the "Brotherhood of the Imitation of Blakeslee. 455 pages. $2.00, net. Thomas Jesus." Mr. Stokes has given up his Y. Crowell & Co., New York. 1910. income and direct connection with the This book contains 22 addresses de- Missionary Society to devote himlivered at Clark University. They self to an ascetic life and humble were arranged by the department of history under the headship of Prof.

service in India. His story shows In- The bulk of the volume is filled with dian customs and the need of mission- letters to parents and friends. They ary work. The boy whose life is de- are good, wholesome messages from a scribed is a real character. The story young man Vvho enjoyed life and had is for young people, and while some a high ideal of service. will think its standards of conduct ex- treme all must admire the spirit that The following sentences from his breathes through these pages. The letters from Kamerun, Africa, reveal narrative should inspire to deeper the man: consecration and greater self-denial. I would rather live here among these My LIFE IN PERSlA. By Mary Jewett. degraded people and be the means of 12mo, 186 pages. $1.10. The Torch leading them to Christ, than to dwell in Press, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. 1909. the finest mansion in New Yark City…. The missionary work in ~ersia. is Every day we see some who never heard of God and it is a joy unspeakable to inseparably connected wIth. Its try to tell them. . . . While we can reconstruction and regeneratlOu. not point to any man and say, "There Schools, hospitals, churches,. indus- is a Christian," we can point to a numtries, have all brought new hfe and ber who show evidence of a great change new ideals to the people of a land of life. . . . Come over into Africa that has been and is in darkness and and help us fight the Lord's battles. the shadow of death. For thirty-six Don't let the banners fall. Fill up the broken ranks and let us go forward and years Miss JelYett was a missionary possess the land for our King.

among the Persians and learned to IN HONEYBlRD LAND. By Florence M. know them and serve them. Her life- Knight. Illustrated. 8vo. 73 pages. story gives a picture of the work IS, 6d. Zenana Bible and Medical Misthere and a glimpse of the regenera- sion, London, England. 1910. tion that is taking place. The sto:y is not unique or remarkable, but WIll These stories of what the palm-tree help a reader to underst~nd tl:e con- ~nd others told a little girl about India ditions, and to sympathIze WIth the gives many facts about life in the land people, the missionaries and their of the palm in a way to interest chilwork. dren. We hear of the village schools, the idolatry, the Indian feasts, the THE BELOVED-Charles W. McCleary, An missionary's work, an Indian wed- Iowa Boy, in the Jungles of Africa. ding, jungle animals, and a wonderful Letters and Loving Tributes. Edited doII. The stories are primarily mis- by John F. Hinkhouse, D.D. 8vo, 300 sionary, with very pointed morals, pp. $1.00. Fairfield, Iowa. and are best fitted to children under twelve years of age.

Mr. McCleary was the successor of NEW BOOKS Dr. A. C. Good in the West Africa Mission of the American Presbyterian GEORGE GRENFELL AND THE CONGO. By Sir Church (North). In this loving trib- Harry Johnston. 8vo. $7.50. D. Apute Dr. A. W. Halsey tells of the uses pleton & Co., New York. 1910. of the African drum and how the "drum-name" given to Mr. McCleary WESTERN WOMEN IN EASTERN LANDS. By was "The Beloved," to indicate his Helen Barrett Montgomery. 12mo. most prominent charact~ristic.. Rev. SO cents. The Macmillan Co. 1910. Melvin Fraser, of Afnca, gIves a graphic picture of the missionary's CHRISTIAN RECONSTRUCTION IN THE SOUTH. zeal human kindness, tact, good cheer By H. Paul Douglass. 8vo, 407 pp. $1.50, net. The Pilgrim Press, Boston. 1910.

BROKEN SNARES. By Evelyn S. Karney. 12mo. SO cents, net. Elliot Stock & Co., London. 1910.

and'unselfishness. Tho he was only in A VISIT TO CHINA'S MISSIONS. By Rev. the field six years he made his in- F. S. Webster. 12mo. 75 cents, net. fluence felt, and was the "father of the Elliot Stock & Co., London. 1910. Kamerun Interior work," to which he literally gave his life. IN AN UNKNOWN LAND. By E. C. Rob- inson. 12mo. 80 cents, net. Elliot Stock & Co., London. 1910.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1910

GEORGE WILLIAMS' MEMORIAL Y. M. C. A. BUILDING

of the World VOL. XXXIII. No.8 AUGUST, 1910 VOL. XXIII. No.8 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES THE EDINBURGH CONFERENCE clergymen with non-conformists has awakened much severe criticism from We must postpone until our Sep- both sides. The delegates from the tember number a full report of the Society for the Propagation of the great World Missionary Conference, Gospel were severely arraigned by which met in Edinburgh June 14th to their own party because of their par- 23d. That report will deal with the ticipation in the conference. These outstanding features of this remarka- critics do not recognize the standing ble gathering, and will give many of of non-conformist clergy or the validthe brief but powerful utterances of ity of their sacraments and would give noted missionaries, native converts, no recognition to their work. They statesmen, scholars, pastors and of- favor union with the Church of ficers of missionary societies, as they Rome rather than with Protestants. spoke on the subjects assigned to the The delegates to the conference, howeight commissions, one of which was ever, Bishop Montgomery, the Bishop discust on each day of the confer- of Southwark and Surrey, the Bishop ence. of Birmingham, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Canon Robinson and This gathering of missionary ex- others, spoke in charitable, broadperts was a sign of the times in its minded and sympathetic spirit about evidence of the advance toward closer the work of other Protestants and sympathy and more united effort manifested a commendable spirit of among Christians in promoting the fellowship and a readiness to coop- Kingdom of God on earth. For the erate that surprized many of those first time in the history of such con- present. ferences the "High Church Party" of the Church of England sent delegates On the other hand, severe criticisms and joined in the discussions. Their have been exprest by members of the work in foreign missions is not as Church Missionary Society and other large and important, nor, perhaps, representatives of the evangelical paras distinctly evangelical, as that of ty of the Church of England and by many other divisions of the Church of many non-conformists because of the Christ; but their willingness to meet compromises agreed to and the ground on a common platform with "non- surrendered at the demand of the conformists" and their readiness to High Church party. These were: (I) recognize the work of other societies the exclusion of all consideration of is an encouraging step in advance. Christian work among Roman Catho- This ulllon of High Church lics, Greek Catholics, Copts, Arme- native converts express their convic- nians, Nestorians, Abyssinians and tions and hearts' desires and relate other Oriental Christians; (2) the pub- their experiences; they discust ideals, lication of the statistics of missionary methods of closer cooperation, of work carried on by Roman Catholics, nobler achievements, of more Christ- and (3) the expression in the confer- like service and considered plans for ence of views in sympathy with a more satisfactory relations with native closer union with the Church of and home governments.

Rome. On the continuation committee, One sign of the times in the con- also, which is to carryon the work of ference was in the sentiments most the conference and is to seek a realiza- approved and applauded. These were; tion of its ideals in comity and co- (I) An immediate attempt both to operation, there are two members of strengthen the present work and to the High Church party-the S. P. G. occupy the neglected fields; (2) a -tho no other society, not even the determination to train the Christian greatest of all, the C. M. S., has more Churches in non-Christian lands in than one representative on this com- self-support and self-government, and mittee. We do not sympathize with to put on them the responsibility for the sentiments exprest by the Bishop the evangelization of their fellow of Southwark and by Bishop Brent, in countrymen; (3) a loyalty to Christ as favor of closer union with the Roman the only begotten Son of God and the Church as at present constituted, or of only Savior of men; (4) a belief in a recognition of her missionary work, the Bible as the only adequate revela- but we think there is no occasion to tion of God to men and of the way of criticize the conference as a whole salvation; (5) the necessity of dis- when not more than four out of over tinctively Christian education in mis- three hundred addresses made any sion schools – including Christian mention of the papacy. We would all teachers and professors and Christian welcome such a reformation in the text-books; (6) a purpose to insist Roman Catholic doctrines and prac- that so-called Christian governments tises as would make union with shall not hinder the progress of the Protestants possible, but we see no gospel by forbidding missionary work present indication of such a reforma- in their jurisdiction by catering to tion. non-Christian leaders and customs, or The work of the Edinburgh con- by countenancing injustice, vice or ference was distinctly that of broaden- traffic in strong drink, opium or their ing horizons, deepening sympathies injurious drugs; (7) a strong desire and strengthening convictions. Men for more real union and closer co- and women of every Protestant Chris- operation in missionary work-includ- tian creed met together in friendly ing union presses, hospitals and educa- council; they each learned what the tional institutions, free interchange of others were doing, what God was ac- members and a division of territory complishing through them, where the with a view to economy of labor and field was over-supplied with workers, expense and greater efficiency in and where was the greatest need; they servIce.

heard world-renowned leaders and We look to the "Continuation Com-

SIGNS OF 1'Htt 1'IMES

mittee," of which John R. Mott is American family of nations. "We have reached a point when it is evichairman, and J. H. Oldham secretary, dent that the future holds in store a time when wars shall cease; when the to accomplish great things in more nations of the world shall realize a adequate world-wide evangelism, true federation as real and vital as that cooperation among Christian workers, now subsisting between the component arbitration in points of disagreement, parts of a single state; when, by destatesmanlike pressure brought to bear liberate international conjunction, the on governments, and a world-wide strong shall universally help the weak, union of prayer for missions. and when the corporate righteousness of the world shall compel unrighteous- A SINGULAR PARADOX ness to disappear and shall destroy the habitations of cruelty still lingering in One very striking sign of the times the dark places of the earth. This is is that we find organized militarism 'the spirit of the wide world brooding side by side with advocacy of arbitra- on things to come.' That day will be tion: A Peace Palace at the Hague, the millennium, of course." and Dreadnoughts in the navy yard! Never before have we known such LOWERING THE LEVEL OF THE costly and colossal preparations for MINISTRY armed conflict; never before such world-wide sentiment in favor of a Another deplorable tendency of the parliament of man for the settlement times is the secularization of the sacred of controversies. It seems a competi- calling, sinking the divine vocation of tion between ballots and bullets, to the gospel herald and ambassador for see which will win the day; and one Christ to the low plane of a trade or of the greatest reasons for confidence at best a learned profession. that peace measures will finally prevail is that war is getting so desperate- The big salaries so often nowadays ly expensive and destructive that no paid to the occupant of a metropolitan nation can afford it. Selfishness is pulpit, is one sign and cause of such becoming a protective factor in ar- degradation to a secular level; for, resting armed conflict and compelling when a congregation pays a preacher mankind to cultivate the beneficent so high a price, it is almost impossible art of peace. to disassociate from such large stipend the idea of a corresponding ownership THE PEACE OF THE WORLD on their part and obligation on his. There is a proneness to reckon such Secretary Knox, speaking on "The a minister as a hired servant, and Spirit and Purpose of American Di- dictate, if only indirectly and implomacy," declared that the most ac- pliedly, the terms of such service. tive sphere of such diplomacy is in Nothing sacrifices the unique charthe relations of the United States with acter and authority of the Christian the twenty other republics of the ministry more than to make prominent Western hemisphere, most of which the monetary and commercial side of are passing through an evolution simi- the relation between preacher and lar to that of the United States, and people. It is a historic fact that the the influence of the diplomacy of the virtue and valor of the sacred office United States could be traced to the development and welding of the Pan-

have been in proportion to its inde- trenchant words about "theological pendence of man, and its purity has adventurers and quacks, and foes generally been most conspicuous in within the Church, who, while oc- its poverty. It is a bad sign when cupying evangelical pulpits and chairs, God's ambassadors get rich; when the and enjoying their emoluments, preach preacher's business begins to draw, and teach what the bodies to which from worldly motives of gain. Then, they belong regard as heresy," brand- how naturally, unworthy candidates ing them as "dishonest pretenders who respond to the magnetic power of should leave the Church they dismoney and ambition! Somehow serv- honor." ice in the ministry seems inseparable from self-denial for Christ's sake. We These remarks "Dr. Parker's succesmust cultivate the divine side of our sor" regards as personal, and he apwork, and teach others how blest it is pears before the Union to ask exto "endure hardness as good soldiers plicitly if his withdrawal is desired. of Jesus Christ." AU appeals to enter No doubt this withdrawal is what most the ministry at home or the missionary of the members wish, and would have work abroad must emphasize the voted had the issue been boldly met. spiritual rather than the secular and But timidity and compromise evaded carnal, or we shall degrade the highest the issue, and partly from fear of a of callings to a lamentably low level. split, discussion was stifled by con- The multiplication of candidates is a fining all remarks to Mr. Campbell calamity if secured by the adultera- and the chairman, Rev. Sylvester tion of character. Horne, the former a master of the arts of the demagog, and the latter, THE RISK OF COMPROMISE having the acuteness and astuteness of the politician. The practical result was Another tendency of our time is that Dr. Forsyth had no strong backto purchase peace and outward union ing and Mr. Campbell has a sort of at the cost of silence and concession. tacit consent to go on his way and yet keep his standing in the Union. We have no little fear that the federation of Free Churches in Great We are not, consciously, advocates Britain is at present in peril of com- of controversy or uncharitableness. But promise for the sake of harmony. The at times a fair fight is the only right pastor of the City Temple, in London, and safe course. We know personally has rapidly run the race of liberalism the parties in this contest, and feel and, at times, come dangerously near strongly that a man who holds and to, what seems to many, verging on teaches what Mr. Campbell does, has blasphemy. Principal Forsyth, lead- no right place in a union of Evangeliingthe conservatives, has been dealing cal Congregationalists. Mr. Horne's daring blows at the new Theology, and reply, while conciliatory, was too the battle has waxed hot. These diplomatic and did not touch the real liberals, excluded from the Edinburgh heart of the matter. The battle must International Council in 1908 complain yet be fought to the finish. Dr. Forsyth of being practically shut out from the is not to be construed as a second platform and program of the Congre- Torqllemada, who would erect a new gational Union. Dr. Forsyth has used Inquisition; he feels more like an

OF THE

Athanasius, seeking to guard the and improvements, he sent back word deity of our Lord and the unity of that, on six working days he would our faith. Federation is good if it be at the King's service, at any hour, does not mean cowardly compromise day or night, but that as he kept one and silence in the presence of error. day in seven holy to the Lord, he could not work for any man tho he PEACE AND TRUTH were the king. Whereupon he got a new message from the King, saying, Daniel O'Connell used to say that "Quite right! Monday will do equally "no revolution is worth a drop of well." Even a king can respect a human blood," and so used "agitation" kingly conscience on a subject. in~tead. But far more is it a fact that no federation is worth an ounce of PLENTY OF MONEY WHERE THERE conscience or truth. Unity is too IS WILL dearly bought if verity is the coin paid for it. That is not liberty but license 1£ anyone doubts that men can give and lawlessness which is secured by more to the Lord's work if they will, it removing ancient landmarks which is only necessary to look at the amaour fathers set up in the fear of God zing extravagance and recklessness in and defense of truth, and bathed in automobile purchases. There are now blood to maintain. There is no chance in over twenty States factories whose for heroism where we have not at output this year will be nearly a least a "patch of lentils" to protect quarter of a million machines, Michiagainst invasion. gan itself leading in nearly one-half the whole number. The capital in- A GOLDEN RULE OF LIFE volved reaches from $150,000,000 to $175,000,000, and over 200,000 em- Emmanuel Kant is the author of the ployes and 5,000 agents are at work famous "Categorical Imperative": "So to promote this new industry. Men live that the principle of your own by the thousand mortgage their dwelllife may be worthy of being made a ings and sell their life insurance poliuniversal law." This has been well cies to get an auto car! Oh, for a like said to be little more than an echo enthusiasm in work for God! of the golden rule. It expresses a profound truth, that we only live as A PERIL IN OUR HIGH-SCHOOLS we ought when we would be willing to have all others do as we do. We Dr. Francis E. Clark, of the Y. P. are to be exemplars of virtue, like S. C. E., is not the man to deal harsh- Him who "left us an example"-liter- ly with the young; but he indicts the ally a "writing copy"-"that we should high-school system, and is amply upfollow His steps." held by Mr. D. R. Porter, Y. M. C. A. secretary for work among boys, whose THE SABBATIC CONSCIENCE unveiling of appalling moral condi- tions is even more startling than Dr. A good story is told of the late Clark's, who says that one cause of King Edward, that when he sum- deterioration is the high-school dance, moned a certain contractor, who was sometimes so public and promiscuous a prominent Wesleyan, to meet him on as to "have many of the objectionable his Sandringham estate on a Sunday features of the public dance-halls." afternoon to take orders for repairs

Many girls, not out of their teens, carelessness and overweening ambition have been ruined body and soul, for when the daughter has brought dis- time and eternity, by these dances. grace and confusion of face upon the The high-school secret societies are family.

another source of evil. Tho in some "I write about this because I have cases supprest, many still exist, openly upon my heart particularly the boys or secretly, and parents and pastors and girls of this high-school age, the have been writing to Dr. Clark to com- age of adolescence, the most critical, mend his new assault on these nur- and in many respects the most impor- series of infantile snobbery. tant, period of human life."

"I formerly thought that girls were more' easily reached by the ap- THE LONDON Y. M. C. A. MEMORIAL peal of religion than boys, that their Our frontispiece represents the In- consciences were more sensitive, and ternational Home for the Central Y.

their higher natures more fully devel- M. C. A. of the world, now building, oped than their brothers. I am com- and to be dedicated as a memorial to ing to doubt that, especially with girls Sir George Williams, the founder of of the high-school age. the parent association.

"On the cars and on the streets I It will be a missionary Mecca for see more vulgarity and rudeness of all nations, as well as a model home behavior, less respect for others, and for young men, and a center of more indifference to the general pub- activity in their behalf, in Bible study lic welfare among the high-school and evangelism. This original asso- girls than among the boys; and it is ciation has kept itself true to the pure often harder to find stedfast, earnest, faith of the gospel, and promotes every Christian workers among them than good work at home and abroad.

among those of the other sex. Exeter Hall, its old home, was the "Yet it is not the teachers or the greatest rallying-place in the world for pupils who are chiefly responsible for all causes closely linked to the King- this condition in many of our high- dom of God, kept clean for God's schools, but primarily the parents,who uses, and the new hall will keep up do not know enough or care enough the succession. Besides all other helps to keep their children out of these se- to body and soul, there will be bed- cret societies, and who encourage the rooms for over 200 men. late hours, the dances, and the attend- The building was begun a year ago, ant dissipation for the sake of the sup- and will require eight months more to posed social advantages. Or, if they do finish and furnish, and about £60,000 not encourage them, they yield weakly in money. And as it is to be an inter- to the importunities of their children; national memorial, we not only give and the demoralizing results are the our readers the picture of the me- same. morial and the founder of the Y. M.

"Many "I. father or mother has awa- C. A., but hope many may be moved kened with shanle and contrition, when to aid the project. It would be hard it was too late, to the results of such to invest money better.

SYRIAN MISSION, AND ITS

SECOND PERIOD: 1870.1910 Doctor Jessup's two volumes are a robbery, fanaticism and controversy; sort of encyclopedia of the mission and, third, distraction of mind and work in Syria, and show the great discouragement as to all permanent re- changes of the last forty years. At sults. As men do not build anything the reunion of the dissevered branches solid and lasting on the crater of a of the American Presbyterian Church, volcano, Syrian missionaries often in 1870, the new school branch which questioned whether schools and col- had remained allied with the Congre- gationalists in the A. B. C. F. M., united with the Presbyterian Board, which before represented the old school, and Syria became, by amicable arrangement, the special field hence- forth of the now reunited Presbyterian 01Urch, the mission itself, by its own action, becoming identified with the Presbyterian system. This period of transfer also coincides with the period of organized activity on the part of the Presbyterian Sisterhood, to whose sympathetic aid and prayers a large share of the progress of the work is due. They have done nobly in help- ing to provide and support helpers, buildings and scholarships.

Syria has always had a considerable Moslem population, and all perturba- tions in the Mohammedan world have, like earthquake convulsions, produced REV. SI MEON H. CALHOUN more or less marked tremors and quakings in this land, so closely identified leges, hospitals and churches, could with the dominions of the Sultan. The find on such treacherous soil any firm Russo-Turkish war, in 1877, the revolt foundations. Conflict with the Mos- of Arabi Pasha, in Egypt, five years lem power was constant; the censorlater, and the Mahdi's uprising, with ship of the press, so strict as to be the troubles in the Sudan, etc., have not only tyrannical but comically ab- so seriously impeded the mission work surd; the jealousy of a fanatical sect in the Syrian field as at times to that had power to suppress all threaten its continuance. Three evils Christian testimony, was a constant were the harvest of such seed-sowing : menace; and oftentimes nothing but fi rst, general disturbance, with con- the presence of consuls and gunboats stant peril of outbreak; second, an in- "saved the situation."

vasion ()f refugees and ruffians from As to press censorship, Dr. Jessup revolted districts, bringing into Syria cites some cases almost beyond lawlessness and violence, beggary and credence. Every foreign book com-

ing into the Turkish Empire through Arabic book, tract, or paper must be the custom-house is held by the censor sent to Constantinople for examinafor examination; and, if it has in it tion before publication; it may be held anything about Mohammed or the for six months or a year, and, if re- Sultan, Turkey or Syria, Arabia or turned at all, so mutilated as to be Mecca, is confiscated, or at least practically' useless; and, before being mutilated. Encyclopedias can only offerd for sale, the printed copy must find admission by cutting out articles be forwarded for another censorship. on such subjects before shipment! A daily paper is liable to have whole Even guide-books are often seized be- columns struck out at the last moment, cause of their contents, as construed for which other matter must be subby inspectors. A map of Europe stituted. which had on the east end a strip of Asia labeled "Armenia," was confis- For further details, again the reader cated, and one of "Palestine under the must be referred to the two volumes Kingdoms of Judah and Israel," and where, with painstaking, the lesser showing the divisions made by Joshua features of the work are delineated among the twelve tribes, was de- and the life colors added. But the stroyed because "the Sultan, Abdul grand lessons we must not lose, that, Hamid, can not acknowledge any in this mission field the foes are many kingdoms of Judah and Israel in his and desperate, and the difficulties, empire, and has authorized no such humanly speaking, insurmountable; divisions." The defense was that the yet, notwithstanding, it would be hard period referred to was many centuries to find any place where progress has previous, but the rejoinder was that been more obvious and marked, and "this map was not made then ! Judah the harvest more ample and satisfacand Israel did not know how to make tory. In this history, every decade of maps!" An Arabic geography was years is like a century in development, supprest because Arabia was referred and single eventful transactions someto as an "independent province"; and times mark eras or epochs. The from a book a quotation was ex- Syrian mission is identified with alpunged from Titus I: 5, about "set- most everything good and great-exting in order in Crete things which ploration, evangelization, education, were wanting," because it implied that translation, publication, medical work, in the Sultan's domain something was church development. In face of al- "wanting" and needed to be "set in most every form of hindrance-intolorder I" And, in another book, the erance, persecution, censorship, restory of Gideon and his three hundred pression, banishment and martyrdom, was supprest, probably lest it might massacres and wars, famine and pesembolden some other three hundred to tilence; yet it has moved on. The deeds of daring! Such censorship Dr. American press, founded at Malta in Jessup calls "idiotic," but it shows a 1822, and removed to Beirut in 1834, unique barrier against which, for all has become a sort of lighthouse of the these years, Syrian missionaries have whole Arabic-speaking world. The had to contend. missionary pioneers of ninety years ago, Fisk, Parsons and Jonas King, Two manuscript copies of every have been followed by Goodell, Bird,

THE SYRIAN MISSION, AND ITS

Eli Smith, W. M. Thomson, H. G. O. stones in this path of progress. We Dwight, Hebard, Van Dyck, De For- know of no other missionary field pre- est, Dale, Bliss, Eddy, the Jessups, senting quite the same sort of varied Calhoun, Mrs. Bowen, Mrs. Watson, charm in its annals. The reader of Miss Taylor, and many more-a most these memorial volumes finds himself illustrious band of men and women, in a continuous garden-walk-not "of whom the world was not worthy," without its passion-flowers, crimson and everyone deserving a record borders, and weeping-willows; but full among the heroes of faith, and a of the forget-me-nots of memorable column in the Temple of Fame. incident, the morning-glories of prom- This whole ninety years is a fas- ise, the fruitful vines and olives, with cinating romance, with tragic chapters, the palms of victory lining the whole but all belonging to the heroic. The way.

martyrdom of the first Maronite con- Beside all the historical matter of vert, the first girls' school ever opened Dr. Jessup's book, there is a character- in the Turkish Empire, the boys' semi- istic autobiographic portrait of the nary, the Greek war, the plague; author, half unconsciously drawn, es- Protestant Christianity a religio pecially revealing his keen perception illicita, in 1835; the massacres of of humor and strong common sense; 1840; the recognition of Protestantism and, withal, deep devotion to the as a religio permissa, in 1844; civil Word of God and the work of Christ war in Lebanon, 1845; the first evan- -four features which go far to out- gelical church in Beirut, 1848; new line the whole man. At bottom, he Arabic translation of Bible begun, had a deep, genuine love for the Old 1849; first steam press, 1853; Crimean Bible and its divine gospel, and an war, 1853-55; Ratti Ramaiyoum, unquenchable passion for his mission- decreeing that no Moslem convert ary work that no offer of home pul- shall be put to death, 1857; Arabic pits, missionary secretaryships or for- New Testament completed, 1860; eign consulates could quench or cool.

civil war and massacres the same year, His letter of declinature, when, in and 20,000 refugees fed and clothed 1870, he was urged to take the secre- and $150,000 spent in relief. Then, in taryship of the Board, was itself one 1862, first steps toward a Syrian col- of the noblest missionary documents lege; formally opened in 1865; new we have ever seen*-not only a re- Arabic Bible completed the same year; fusal on grounds of duty, but of in- theological seminary opened in Abeit, clination; not only conscience and 1868, and transferred to Beirut, 1873; reason protesting, but affection and seal of Sultan's authorization placed preference. The position offered in on thirty-three editions of Arabic New York was one which, to ambi- Scriptures, and local Board of Damas- tion or avarice, would have been cus' approval of 330 Arabic publica- tempting. But all the temporal ad- tions, in 1887; railway opened from vantages were accounted as nothing; Beirut to Damascus, ISg5; Arabic the thought of going away from his Scriptures authorized in all Greek beloved Syria filled his eyes with tears, schools, 1896; four hospitals in opera- tion, in 1900-these are a few mile- * "Foreign Missionary," Vol. xxix, pp. 114-118.

and his heart with anguish. He de- ing the rest. When the question arose clined this "loud call" because he had in the new church at Beirut, whether not the self-denial to leave his Syrian the old curtain, used to separate the work; brethren in New York askell men and women, should be hung, he a sacrifice to which he was not equal in refused to settle the matter, and left urging him to exchange the poverty it to the native Christian brethren and exposure, exile, trial and anxiety themselves. The cnrtain was there for of his missionary life, for the comfort some years afterward, until the and security, luxury and dignity, of a Syrians themselves became enlighten- high and well-salaried office in his ed enough to abolish it. How wise to own land ! Yet some people compas- see that such a cnstom could not really sionate a missionary and whine about be abandoned until the people were his trials and self-denials as if they ready for such a step! Vhen a few constituted carrying a cross too heavy brethren in the missions declined to to be borne! fraternize with others because psalm- The reader will find the author's singing was not their exclusive form common sense everywhere exhibited of praise, Dr. Jessup calmly observed in these volumes-his freedom from that, while he could explain to the morbid notions, extreme views, sancti- people the difference between Presby- mony and pietism, excesses of all sorts. terianism and prelacy, he had not been He punctures scores of fanciful and able to make an Arab see why mis- fanatical bubbles and reveals the hol- sionaries, laboring to lead pagans and lowness and shallowness of hundreds ::Ioslems to Christ, could not com- of religions shams and shows; while mune with others in the same work, he gives sound advice as to both who sang "Jesus, Lover of My Soul!"

physical and spiritual health, and ex- etc. He pronounces "the money ques- hibits practical wisdom in many mat- tion the bane of all missions," and "the ters where so many others lack dis- paying of native teachers and preach- cernment. N at a few saintly souls ers out of foreign funds an unmixed have brought religion itself into dis- evil," being misunderstood by the na- repute by their follies and vagaries tive population, and putting those thus and utter disregard of the laws of paid in the attitude of hirelings and common prudence and tact. tending to demoralize them by For instance, Dr. J essnp warns "weakening their sincerity," etc.

new-comers to beware of exposure to Again, he refers to a fanatic who the Syrian sun, to carry an umbrella taught perfectionism – maintaining or wear a helmet hat, or both; and that no child of God can sin, and, cites instances where in so-called de- therefore, "it is the old man inside pendence on God three fanatics who that sins, getting rampant, lying' and refused advice died shortly of sun- stealing, so that the believer is not stroke and brain-fever. When he responsible," etc.-Dr. Jessup disposes preached in Arabic, he avoided the of this nonsense by a story of a Ger- stilted classical style and used the man judge who, when a criminal at- colloquial, watching the women and tempted to defend himself on this children to see if they paid attention, plea, "The old man did it; I didn't."

and, if so, judging that he was reach- "Very well, then," said the judge, we

THE SYRIAN MISSION, AND ITS PIONEERS 57

will send that old man to jail for six acceptable with God? An d again he 1110nths !" When the A nglican bi shop says, there is "nothing to be converted in Jerusalem tried to erect exclusive to; you can't love, or pray to, a mere barriers between his constituency and negation." He counseled missionaries all non-Episcopal believers in Pales- to keep entirely aloof frol11 political tine and Syria, he points out the questions. and make it their object to amazing inconsistency of his leveling, on the other hand, all barriers between KASrM BEG AMIN~ JUDGE 01:0' CO U RT OF APPEALS~ CAIRO himself and the "Brotherhood of the Holy Sepulcher," who carry on a sys- Author of "The Emancipation of W oman," and tematic Satanic farce of the so-called "The New W oman" "Holy ·Fire" to deceive pilg rims; and he exposes the utter absurdity of thu s let in light, educate the young, care den ying fellowship to Christian be- for the sick and suffering , and publievers while he extends it to shame- lish good books, and let the governless imposters, making fraternization ment alone. Referring to a certain turn upon ecclesiastical forms r ather sincere but misguided party, he writes than moral and spiritual integrity. He these golden words : refers to another fanatic who came to the Holy City to preach the new doc- "It is a pity that deep piety and pertrin e of no more death. "But, what sonal loveliness should sometimes be if you should di e ?, "Oh, that would linked to an utter want of common bust the whole thing," was the reply, sense! Faith sometimes becomes and it did. A new doctrine that will spasmodic with high nervous exaltanot bear a practical test is not worth tion.· It then becomes unreasoning, while to preach, or even to fig ht harmful as serpents, foolish as doves. against. He tells of another extremist Believing itself inspired, it will take who came to Palestine to proclaim exact obedience to God and dependence on Him by faith, and abandon ed his own wife in so doing, who gave up active efforts to evangelize, to "sit down" with the Spaffordites and wait for the Lord's coming! With one sentence Dr. JeSSl1p dismisses Babism.

He pricks thi s Persian bubble by showing it a mere revamp of old pantheistic theories, and adds that Abbas Effendi's latitudinarian views that all men, pagans, idolaters and all , are accepted of God, would seem to "make any attempt to propagate Babism a work of supererogation ." For what is the I1 se of zeal in proclaiming a religion if all men, irrespective of doctrine or deportment, are equally

no advice, and sacrifice all the capacity physically; about the hottest, pesfor usefulness, attained by long years tilential and uninhabitable by white of preparation, study and spiritual men; the entire population not over equipment, for the sake of making one 300, and unable to support one medgrand leap into certain destruction ical man; and probably unable altowith no possible thought of any cor- gether to raise five dollars in cash.

&1;001 for (/il'/$ /.ibn". Tf;e%!lic<1/ Sc'loo/ AMERICAN M ISSION, BEIRUT" SYRIA responding or compensating good." He advised his correspondent, if he or He recalls Dr. S. H. Cox's reply to a any of his medical friends were about ranting Mormon apostle, who said, to establish in Jericho a "white cross" "God does not need your learning"- mission, to "order coffins beforehand, "neither does God need your igno- as wood is not obtainable there." He rance." To a young student of med- never received any answer to his leticine who proposed to come out to ter and the medical student did not Jericho to join a proposed organiza- "go to Jericho!" At a university tion for medical work there, he writes, alumni dinner, in America, what was that of all places Jericho was the last his surprize to see the president, bechoice for headquarters to a paying fore a vast multitude of guests, light medical mission, being the lowest vil- a cigar and set the example of puffing lage on earth, morally as well as out smoke; and he turned to his com-

SYRIAN MISSION AND ITS PIONEERS

panion and remarked, "Has the pres- encomiums, even from pashas and ident of this university, who preaches Moslems, that, in sheer self-defense, and teaches continence and self-con- they have had to start schools of their trol to 2,500 university boys, himself own, and, in default of teachers, go no control over the appetite for cigar- to the mission-schools for them! smoke! Dr. Schaff," he added, "said to me that the Heidelberg fifth Dr. Jessup, with all his scholarship, centenary celebration was the greatest stuck to the last to the old gospel. He beer-drinking bout in human history. had no use for the "new thought," or Is this great university commence- a dead orthodoxy which he felt to be ment to shrink into a smoking bout?" only a splendid seal set upon a sepulcher; the Bible and the Chris- It is a tribute both to the capacity and tian faith must be the basis of all consecration of these Syrian pioneers preaching and teaching. He held up that, despite all the foes and fears they such men as Dana and Dawson and have had to face, their progress along Guyot as illustrations of teaching the all lines of work has been so constant profoundest and purest science in the and conspicuous. The statistics, car- reverent spirit of the devout believer. ried down to 1908, show the following ~Tedicine and science, he says, may be summaries: taught in a Christian spirit, and with thorough instruction in the Bible; American missionaries, men and women 41 Christian physicians and scholars will Native Syrian workers……………. 226 thus be trained who wiIl be pillars to Stations and out·stations. . . . … . . . . . . . . III the Church in their native land. Churches ………………………. 34 Church buildings ………………… vVe have done scant justice either Regular preaching-places ………….. 57 to the history of the Syrian mission, Church-members …. _.. '.,""" __ , , 6,025 or to this "l'nagnum opus" of its lead- Sabbath scholars ., … ,"" …… ,…. 2,744 ing missionary. But those who would Total membership from the beginning. 5,831 read a couple of volumes, rich in in- Syrian Protestant community. . . … . . . . 4,792 formation and instruction, find a gal- Native contributions, 1908…………. 7,553 lery of portraits of the illus- $49,536 trious dead and living, and a mine of wealth in suggestion and in- As to educational work: spiration, will not lose time in getting access to Dr. Jessup's "Fifty Years in As to educational work: Syria." May the God of missions speedily send another gifted worker to Total number of schools, 1908 ….. ".. 116 take up the standard which has fallen Total of pupils………………….. 5,688 from his dyjng hand and which he never allowed to trail in the dust! Total in schools of Beirut, 1909 ….. , . . 13,256 Of these, Moslem………………… 4,462 As to presswork: Total pages, 1908 ………… , …….. 44,589,571 Of which Scriptures .. , ……. , ….. ,. 30,507,000 Total from first …….. , …… , ….. 923,345,755 Scriptures distributed in Syria, 1908… 9,941 Total Syria, Egypt, etc., 1908………. 92,311 Copies of publications during year. . . . . 183,602 The school work has won such

INDIAN OF PARAGUAY, FROM SAVAGE TO

BY JOHN HAY Of the Inland South-Amerka Missionary Union, Interdenominational It was in the year 1892 that I first just have to be content with that posifound myself in South America, going tion. Ve are proud of our nationaliout under the auspices of th~ South ties of earth, and I was eager to let America Missionary Society, the the people know that I was not an Church of England mission in South Englishman, but a Scotchman. America, and at that time the only missionary society sending mission- The passengers on board the aries to the savage Indians of that steamer not only noticed that we were continent. strangers, but they wanted to know where we were going. We had diffi- A companion missionary and myself culty in understanding their questions were sailing on the River Parana from because they spoke in Spanish, and Buenos Ayres to Concepcion, in our Spanish just then was limited, but Paraguay. We had a journey in we managed after a fashion. We told front of us of 1,300 miles up-stream. them we were going to Paraguay. This gives incidentally an idea of the magnificent character of the waterway "Oh," they said, "you have plenty leading into the interior of South of room there." _"Yes," we repiiecl, America from the Atlantic seaboard. "we know that." We had been read- It is possible for large passenger ing something of the history of Parasteamers to steam up river much fur- guay, and had learned that about ther than Concepcion in Paraguay. thirty-two years before the date on There is a line of steamers sailing reg- which we found ourselves going up ularly from Rio Janeiro on the At- the river, there had been a terrible war lantic to the River Plata, and then up in Paraguay. It had lasted five years, into the interior to CUfomba, in the and at the end of it practically the heart of Brazil, in the state of Matto- whole male population of the republic grasso, a distance of nearly 2,080 miles had been swept from the face of the from the sea. Tho there is such a earth. Nearly a million and a quarter magnificent means of access into the men were slain. country, the Indian tribes of the interior are still for the most part un- liVe said, "Ve are not going to that touched by missionary effort. part of the country-the civilized part-but to the Indians of the Chaco." The passengers on board the The passengers were not prepared to steamer on which we were sailing believe that at first, but when they noted us as strangers, and located us found we really meant it they began as "Ingleses," i.e., Englishmen.. I was to think there must be something not an Englishman, and I am not one seriously wrong with our mental aryet. I was a Scotchman, and I was rangements. We had ample time to eager to let the passengers know it, get their opinions as we continued to but they did not know the difference sail up the river. between an Englishman and a Scotchman. I soon learned that when a We learned that the Paraguayan Scotchman leaves his native country Government had repeatedly attempted he becomes an Englishman, and so we to subdue these Indians. Soldiers had gone armed with swords, guns, bayo- nets, and brass cannon. Every effort th;1t military science could make was that part of the world. He was not, made, but the result each time was as some people conceive a missionary disaster and defeat. I had at that to be, a man with a tall hat and frocktime the proof-sheets of an article that coat, and a Bible under his arm, was then in the press for publication. preaching to a number of natives un- It had been written by one of two gen- der a palm-tree. He was drest in a tlemen who had been on a scientific thin pair of cotton trousers; he had expedition to explore the River Plico- a belt around his waist, and a sheathmayo to find a navigable channel from knife stuck in the back of his belt; Bolivia to the River Paraguay. The he had no waistcoat or coat, his shirt Bolivian Government had offered a sleeves were rolled up above his ellarge sum of money to any explorer bows, and the neck of his shirt was who could do this. The bait was a open. He had on a soft felt hat and tempting one; a special expedition he did not look particularly clean. He was formed; a steamer was built for had just come down from among the the purpose of the expedition. Scien- Indians, and had not had time to go tists and men trained to travel and ex- ashore to wash himself. He looked plore were on the expedition. All very much more like a cowboy than a kinds of scientific instruments, ammu- missionary, but he was the missionary nition, and stores were taken. Every- all right. He had come to buy stores, thing, in short, that experience could and to meet us, and he expected we suggest as necessary to insure safety would help him up river with the and success, was provided, and the ex- canoe. So the first bit of missionary pedition was led by Captain Page. work I ever did was to get into that They went up the river, but they did canoe, and help to paddle it up stream. not come down again. They were I had been brought up in Glasgow attacked by the Indians, and wiped myself, on the River Clyde, accusout, even as the Paraguayan soldiers tomed to rowing. I thought I could had been. Only two of the party es- row pretty well, and as a matter of caped with their lives, and they had to fact, I could, but I found that padflee on mule-back across the Chaco dling on the River Paraguay against with the Indians after them. As I the swiftly flowing current making its read the account, and heard the stories, way to the sea at the rate of four or it did not help to enhance the outlook five miles an hour was a very differfor us going up among the same ent exercise. I had not gone very far Indians. But we knew that two mis- until I had a pain in my side, and sionaries had gone ahead of us, and another pain in my arm, and I would had been there one year. They had very gladly have laid the paddle down not been Killed, and we expected to take a rest, but that was not perneither should we. missible. I just had to keep at it, and paddle the pain out. I got what our Finally we reached Concepcion, athletes call the second wind, and on 1,300 miles inland. One of the mis- we went. Finally, after something sionaries had come down river in a like fourteen hours' paddling, we little canoe to meet us, and, as we reached the place where the missionlooked at him, we began to understand house had been built on the bank of what missionary work would mean in

the river, and there I saw the Indians ended. It was one mysterious, uninfor the first time. telligible jumble of sound, from be- ginning to end. Their language had There they were, in a palm-log hut, never been reduced to writing, and sitting around a palm-log fire . Their there was no grammar, vocabulary or bows and arrows, and clubs and spears, dictionary to help their words to were strewn on the ground all about memory. One had just to try and unthem. Their blankets were half off derstand what was said. The situaand half on, and the firelight was tion seemed absolutely hopeless when flickering on their dusky copper- one considers the suspicious character colored skins. They had their feather WILD NAT[VES LIVING IN THE OPEN head-dresses on, and their faces were of the Indians to outsiders, and the painted in curious patterns. They fact that we had no proper means of had no eyebrows, no eyelashes, and no communication with them to make our beards and whiskers; not because purpose known. In spite of these these don't grow, but because they things, however, we proved what the don't let them stay. Neither do they Apostle Paul wrote, that "the gospel clip or shave them off, but they pull of Christ is the power of God unto the hair out with the finger and salvation to everyone that believeth: thumb. to the Jew first, and also the Greek." And we had won the confidence of the But if they were terrible to look at, Indians from the beginning just by it was even more terrible to hear them the lived-out spirit of the gospel. speak. We could tell neither where their words began nor where they We just took them as we found

THE INDIAN OF PARAGUAY, FROM SAVAGE TO CITIZEN

them, a people living by hunting and better exchange for their skins and fishing. Their country, not being feathers, they were perfectly delighted, suited for agriculture, their only way and looked upon us as superior kind of providing food was by hunting and of traders. They had, of course, no fishing. They had, accordingly, large idea of a missionary, or what a misquantities of skins and feathers to sell, sionary meant; and we were not able which they could only sell where there to speak to them intelligibly enough was a market for them, and that was to explain our purpose as missionin the nearest town, Concepcion, thirty aries. We were, nevertheless, doing miles down stream. We found also real missionary work. We were winthat there was a demoralized portion ning the confidence of the Indians, and of the Indians living on the banks of using the means at our hand by which the river, drunken, good-for-nothing, we could reach and help them, and I who acted as traders for the wilder never so thoroughly understood the Indians living further in, and who meaning of that scripture, "living took the skins and feathers to Concep- epistles, known and read of all men," cion. These Indians, however, were, as I understood it when we had to live as a rule, ill-used and cheated when the gospel among these people before they went there to trade. They were we ~ould preach it to them. made drunk with a kind of native rum called cana, and when the Indian was But, you may ask, how did you gain too stupid to know what he was doing, their confidence so quickly and so everything he possest was often taken thoroughly as to be trusted to take from him without any proper return their skins and feathers, when they being made, and sometimes those who were previously so suspicious of outprotested against this kind of treat- siders? Well, that simply was by the ment were shot. Finding such a con- lived-out spirit of the gospel along dition of things existing, and having another line. We were strangers to gone there as missionaries to the the country and its ways. All being Indians, and feeling it our duty to city-bred men, we knew nothing about protect them from this abuse, we per- digging and delving, planting, and suaded the Indians to give their skins hoeing, and our food supplies were and feathers to us, promising to get limited to such as came from Conthem exchanged for them, and to cepcion. In order to have some vabring them back what they required, riety, we cut down some forest-trees thus becoming intermediaries between along the bank of the River Paraguay, the Indians in the Chaco and the and we planted some sweet-potatoes. traders in the town. It became quite We had no idea when the potatoes a common thing to see the mission- should be ready for digging, but the aries going down the river with their Indians had a very good idea, and it canoes loaded with skins and feathers, was not long before they began to and returning with cargoes of fish- come and ask us if we did not want to hooks, beads, looking-glasses, boxes buy some sweet-potatoes. We were of paint, and other articles which are quite ready and bought them, until we dear to the heart of the Indian. began to wonder when our own would be ready. Investigating, we found When they saw we secured so much they were ready; that the Indians were

digging up our own potatoes and sell- but they hac! images; we had no ing them to us. That was good busi- images but we had a book, and we ness from the Indian point of view, treated the Indians differently from but not from ours, so we took care to the way in which the Christians treatdig out our potatoes afterward our- ed them, therefore, whatever we were, selves. we could not be Christians.

We made no fuss about it to the Ve won their confidence so rapidly Indians. Had the Indians treated the in this way, that before I was six Paraguayans as they had treated us, months there it was possible for me the Paraguayans would have shot to have my wife join me, the first white them. When we did not do so they woman the Indians had ever seen. were greatly astonished. They could She did not stop at the bank of the not understand it. They knew it river where we commenced, but went could not be because we were afraid right into the interior. I will never of them, because we had lived among forget our first journey inland. We them perfectly unarmed where the went in a bullock-cart without springs, Paraguayans dared not live witLout the Indians helping us cut down palmposting sentries. trees to make a better road. When a swamp or river had to be crossed and Thus they were just taking onr was too deep for the cart, rafts had measure to see what they would do to be made, and the goods floated with us, thinking it would be a profit- across, and my wife as well. Finally able thing to have us among them, we arrived at our station, and there we were such simple-minded people, my wife saw our first house. and that they might even trust us with their skins and feathers if we were The Indians were eager to see what willing to get a better exchange for my wife would be like, and she came them. So we got into the hearts of the in for a very minute examination. Indians, won their confidence, and They crowded into the little house made it safe for us to live among them after us, and wanted to sit down bewhen guns, swords, bayonets and side us. I got them finally to go out, mere world power had failed to secure but they would not go away. They any other result than disaster and watched us through the palms, and it defeat. was a long time before we could teach them that they must not watch us like And, because we treated them as this. They did not mean to be rude, Christians should treat them, they told but they had no idea that anyone us we were not Christians. Think of would want a house in which to shut the irony of it! They gave us another himself up and not be seen. Their name. They called us "Kilanikihaki- idea of a house was simply to take lyitsitchwaitkyahik," which means, a few branches of a tree and stick "the men of the book," or, "the men them into the ground with the leaves who go by the measure of the book." hanging over. They would throw Vife were proud of the name. They some grass on the top of the leaves, saw we had a book, and that we and spread a deerskin on the ground seemed to reverence that book as the underneath, squat 011 the skin, and say so-caller! Christians reverenced their they had a house. All the people of images. The Christians had no book,

J9IO] THE INDIAN OF PARAGUAY, FROM SAVAGE TO CITIZEN

the village lived together under such quired power when they came to these shelters without distinction between words and found they could make the the families, and everything that a paper speak. A new power had been man or woman did from the moment bequeathed to them of which they of birth until the moment of death was had had no idea before. done in the open. In crowding around us they simply wanted to show their The influence of the gospel on some friendliness, and treat us as they of them wassllch that it constrained would treat one another. We have them so to apply themselves to their here a picture of the absolute confi- studies that one fellow learned to read dence established between them and in only eight months from the time us in only six months from the time that I arrived myself. A CHACO INDIAN. DREST TO MAKE A VISIT We went on from that point and he started with the vowel sounds. At continued to reduce the language to the end of eight months he was able writing, translating the Scriptures to go to the desk in the church and into it as we were able, and gathering read a chapter of St. Mark's Gospel, the children together into school, and and give an address to his people. it was not long before we began to But he had studied. I have seen him have converts among the young peo- at our sitting-room table, his face restple. Later, the young men were gath- ing in the palms of his hands, and his ered into school also. Some of these book on the table in front of him, were convertecl ancl became stanch just with the concentration of his ef- Christians. forts, the perspiration in beads upon his face, his bare copper-colored anTIS We reducecl the language to writing on the English orthography and on the phonetic principle. We commenced with the vowels a, e, i, 0, u. We prefixed consonants to these vowels so as to form syllables, and each consonant, of course, placed in front of a different vowel, formed a different series of syllables. vVe taught them this in the first lesson, until they were thoroughly masters of the syllables and then words were formed by the combination of the syllables.

In the second lesson we had simple words of two syllables just to encourage them to make them so that they could read them at first sight, having already mastered them as syllables and vowels in the first lesson, and I have known some of the Indians literally to dance with the sense of ac-

and chest, until he had to scrape it fellow who learned to read in eight off with his knife and shake it out on months. He also wanted to help. I the earthen floor. All this just by the gave him a wire-staple press and he constraining power of the gospel. put in the wire stitches in the backs of the books; and there we were, the Our chief text-book was the Scrip- two Indians and the missionary workture, as we were able to translate it, ing together hand in hand and heart in with additions from simple readers heart, impelled and inspired by one such as would be used in the public spirit, even the Spirit of God. Yes, schools at home. God had made missionaries of these men just as much as He had made a In addition to this, one of the con- missionary of me. Well might the verted witch-doctors, for we had con- Apostle Paul say, "The Gospel of verts among them, also began to learn Christ is the power of God." to read, and set the fashion for the adults. One day he came to the print- But that was not all. It made pering-office where I was setting up the fect gentlemen of them. These Intype to print 5t. Mark's Gospel. He dians are inveterate smokers. Towas eager to hasten the production of bacco grows there wild and they pre- God's Word in printed form among pare it in a way peculiar to themselves. his people, and wanted to help. He It smells abominably and every time watched me setting up the type, and the Indians came to my wife for their after I had locked the type in the lesson in the adult reading classes they chase, and had put it in the printing- made her sick. She did not complain. press and was printing the sheets, I She just endured it, she was so eager looked around and found Manuel to teach them, but they saw what it standing in front of the font of type. was doing and they felt it was too bad He had the stick in his left hand, and to cause her that suffering, so they dewas arranging the type in a line just cided among themselves to take their as he had seen me doing, only with smoke early in the morning in order this difference-he was not selecting that the smell should pass away bethe letters. I had to explain that fore they came to get their lesson. would not do, and he was greatly dis- That was gentlemanly, and indicated appointed. He then came and watched a tremendous transformation. me printing the sheets, and he said, "I think I can do that, Blackbeard." That On another occasion my wife was was the name the Indians gave me washing clothes. She was the medical because I would not pull the hair out missionary of the station, but yet as of my face as they did. I replied that the mother of her own family she had I believed he could if he tried. I to keep the house clean, and cook the showed him how to put the paper in dinner, and make the baby's clothes, up to the guides, and how to pull the and mend them when they needed lever to get the proper impression. mending, and wash them when they Then I handed the machine to him needed washing, and all this in addiand he went on from that without any tion to her official work of mothers' further teaching and printed all that meetings, prayer-meetings, Bible remained to be printed of St. Mark's classes, weaving and spinning classes, Gospel. After him came the young etc., as missionary. On this occasion

THE INDIAN OF PARAGUAY, FROM SAVAGE TO CITIZEN

she was washing the clothes, and she plished among that people, for I have was tired. One can be tired there just not yet told you what they were like doing nothing in the great heat, but among themselves. When we went on this day she was wearied with over- among them we found infanticide was work. An Indian was standing be- common, that they were killing on an side her and saw it. He did not say average four children out of every six a word, but just took her gently by as soon as they were born. A comthe shoulder and pushed her to one pany of Indians had camped in front CIVILIZED NATIVES FILL[NG HOUSE-FRAME WITH MUD side, and he started in and washed the of our door, a little one had been born clothes himself. We read of the stone into their midst. They promised to that rebounded sometimes, and here spare its life and give it to us, but they we are experiencing an example of it. did not keep their word. They killed The lived-out spirit of the gospel, and it and buried it. I got a spade and the kindnesses we showed the Indians began to dig to see if it was true when in the first days came back to our- I found where they had buried it. selves. We usually get as good as we At first I could find nothing, but as give if we wait long enough. "What- I began to grope with my fingers soever a man soweth that shall also he among the soil I had dug up, I found reap." little bits of things that looked like pieces of egg-shell. They were little And yet I have not given an ade- bits of the skull-bone of the infant, quate idea of what the gospel accom-

and nothing more of the body was to skin upon which she had been lying, be found, simply because they had tied it with cords into a little bundle, buried it so near the surface that their carried it to the bank of the River hungry, half-starved dogs had scraped Paraguay, and there dug a hole in the it out and eaten it. When I took these sand. The hole was too small to put little bits of bone and showed them to the body into, but they simply laid it my wife we simply wept together. It on the top and trampled it in with was all we could do. The awful over- their feet. whelming sense of impotence was more than I shall ever be able to de- Such was the character of the peoscribe to anyone, and we felt that ple, and such their condition to whom nothi'ng but the power of God coultl we carried the gospel, and which we cope with such a situation. fonnd effectual after every earthly power had failed. Now there is a But there were worse things even civilized community there, with than that. If a mother died leaving churches and schools, and evangelists behind her a suckling child their cus- able to go out with the printed Word tom was to bury the baby alive along of God in their hands, who can read with the dead mother, and when my it and explain it in places to which the wife was nursing our own first child, missionaries would find it difficult to born there among the Indians, she go. They now know the meaning of nursed a little Indian baby who had decent houses, and if one could see inbeen rescued by one of the mission- side their houses he would see equal aries just as it was about to be buried transformation. One would see beds alive. and bedsteads. chairs and tables, knives and forks, plates and spoons, It was also their custom to kill the and kerosene-lamps. So that, putting old people, or to leave them behind the matter on the very lowest level, to starve, if they were too old or feeble it pays to do missionary work. to take their share in the hunting, and provide their portion of the food sup- Business men owe something to the ply, and it was not long until we had missionaries, and the men who make quite a company of pensioners at the these knives and forks, and plates and mission station rescued after they had spoons have more customers than they been deserted by their people. would have had but for missionaries. The Paraguayan Government owes In addition to that, if anyone be- something to the missionaries, and the came sick among them they believed president, recognizing what had been that the sickness was caused by an evil done, and the bloodless victory that spirit taking concrete form in the vic- had been gained, sent us the national tim, and I have known a poor creature flag to hoist on the top of the churchto starve herself to death in front of steeple and teach the natives to respect our door, refusing to take a morsel of the president. food in her effort to starve out the loathsome thing that she thought pos- Science owes something to the missest her. When she was dead her peo- sionaries, and the gentleman who was ple came and doubled the body up one of the two that escaped the disaswith the legs against the body in a ter that befell the expedition to the sitting position, wrapt it in the little River Pilcomayo, returned to the

THE INDIAN OF PARAGUAY, FROM SAVAGE TO CITIZEN

Chaco after we had commenced our down on paper its tone, its intensity, work there, to study the habits of the its appeal; wrung out of the man by lung-fish which is founel in the the force of circumstances arrayed swamps. When he came out the sec- against him; and tell you what his ond time he needed no soldiers to pro- thoughts are in his loneliness. tect him. Simply an Indian boy as a guide to see that he did not lose him- Bear in mind that the 1. S. A. lVL U. self in the forest. That gentleman is station at Santa Teresa is purposely now in Glasgow, the professor of designed to reach the inland forest zoolog-y in Glasgow University. His tribes in that part of South America, name is Professor Graham Kerr. that it is recently built and occupied, that all contact with the outside world Ve haye thus briefly traced the is broken for weeks or it may be steps from savage to citizen because l1..1onths on end, that to it there is no in that civilized community all natives regular road and that all supplies have that are baptized Christians have been to be carried across swamps and given the status of citizenship by the rivers from the nearest town, a long Paraguayan Government. Manuel, journey of great difficulty occupying the converted witch-doctor, has been several days, then think you are on appointed president i de ta junta, Indian territory. which is equal to mayor in this coun- try. The Paraguayan Yerbatero in search of Yerba, has governmental Vhat has been done for these In- powers to thrust back or shoot the dians it is our duty to do for others. Indians and occupy their lands. To There are three hundred Indian tribes him, if they can not be made to work on the Amazon River, and other tribes or assist, they are of no more value on the River Paraguay who are still than vermin, or criminals at the best. waiting for missionaries. In connec- On the nearest Yerba plantation, some tion with the forward movement of distance from Santa Teresa, some In- • the Inland South America Mission- dians, with whom the Yerbatero were ary Union, we want two volunteers at at deadly enmity, swooped down one the present time for our new station night in search of food, a band of among the Kaingua Indians, or forest savages estimated to be hundreds Indians, in Paraguay. "Pray ye there- strong. They are obliged to live on fore the Lord of the harvest that he what they catch, caterpillars, roots, will thrust forth laborers into his etc. They never have peace long harvest, for the harvest truly is plen- enough to stay in one place to cultivate teous, but the laborers are few." or raise food for themselves. At once an expedition was fitted out to go in Paul saw the beckoning hand and pursuit, with orders to surround and heard the summons to come over into shoot down the "brutes." In vain did Macedonia and help; and responding, Brother Vhittington remonstrate Europe for the first time heard the against the brutality and heartlessness. gospel. To-day from the forest belt Off a motley crowd went to the work in Paraguay, inland South America, of human slaughter. At first the In- the distrest cry of a strong, noble soul, dians eluded their pursuers, and up to facing single-handed awful odds, the time of writing they had baffled comes for helpers. I wish I could put

them in their search. Other tribes also stalment of a movement in Roman in these untrodden parts, many of Catholic circles to capture this virgin them within reach, are thus worried, territory for their Church. I leave harassed, and put out of existence if you to imagine his feelings as he conthey show the least resistance. To templates the fierce opposition that besuch our dear brother has gone with fore long he will have to face in the the gospel, and he yearns to get near corrupted minds of the simple-hearted enough to them to bless them; but see but deluded Indians, besides the many the situation! He feels he is face to difficulties peculiar to the situation imface with difficulties of no ordinary possible to describe. You do not wonnature, but calmly trusts in God to der, I am sure, that Brother Whitcarry him through. tington cries out for "great hearts" willing to face the dangers and sac- Another "swooping down" is the rifice all for Jesus' sake. Those who descent of a band of Jesuits on the enter this "den of lions" with him will Indian territory. This contingent has assuredly prove the mighty power of obtained a free grant of land from the God to keep. Pray for workers. Pray Government, and is settled at the for Brother G. C. Oehring (medically mouth of the river Virangua, thirty trained), who goes out soon. He has miles from Santa Teresa, with many given up a promising career at Christ's tons of material to build a church, call to serve under this banner.* erect a mill to grind the wheat they intend to raise, etc. The party con- * The headquarters of the I. S. A. M. U. is sists of three priests, two of them No. 113 Fulton Street, New York. Field secre· medicals; the others are different tary, Alfred Vinn. The Canadian Council office classes of tradesmen. This represents, is No. 274 Bathurst Street, Toronto. Secretary· Brother Whittington says, the first in- Treasurer, Rev. A. W. Roff, editor of The Chris- tian Worker.

South America has been well desig- tain ranges that constitute the backnated "the neglected Continent," and bone of the continent, are already only of late years has proper attention crossed and pierced by a railway sysbegun to be turned to its evangeliza- tem. Nature has provided a navigable tion. Meanwhile its political transfor- waterway, which rivals if it does not mation and material development are surpass any other continental river compelling the notice of the world. system. Its mines of wealth are being Its vegetable possibilities and mineral rediscovered, that made South Amerresources challenge industrial and ica the glory of the Incas, and the covcommercial enterprise, and appeal to eted prize of the Spaniards. We look that self-interest which is never irre- for a new era, already dawning, for sponsive. A great continental railway this long sleeping continent, which will be built, within a few years. from most of all needs evangelical Christhe Gulf to the Cape; the vast moun- tianity.-EDITOR.

UNOCCUPIED FIELD IN CENTRAL

BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., F.R.G.S.

Unoccupied Fields in Central Asia impress of an arid climate, and the yoke of that creed "which seems to Between the nearer and farther have imbibed its nature from the stern east, north of India and south of the inexorableness of the desert, on the Siberian steppes, stretches the region one hand, and the utter relaxation of known as Central Asia. Here is the the oasis on the other."* roof of the world and the watershed of the largest continent. Here I. The Field to Be Evangelized three empires, India, Russia, and China, meet. Here three great re- In the following survey we include ligions have struggled for the mastery, Tibet, Afghanistan, Chinese Turkesand one after the other gained su- tan, Bokhara, Khiva, Russian premacy for centuries. Buddhism and Turkestan, and the trans-Caspian Christianity still count their adher- province, together with the steppes, ents, but Islam has swept the field, and according to the tablet the field except in Tibet, and the whole terri- under consideration has a total area tory is practically unoccupied by of 2,6gS,730 square miles and a popu- Protestant missions. More unknown lation of 23,368,000. than Central Africa and in some places less thoroughly explored; a vast area These figures, however, would give of ghastly deserts and fertile oases; a wrong impression of the real density of parched plains and navigable of population. Since the rainfall of rivers; of perpetual snow and per- Central Asia has decreased so that its petual drought. It varies in elevation rivers fail to reach the sea, far less from the low depression of the Cas- than a tenth of the total area is perpian Sea and the basin of the Turfan, manently habitable. The population, three hundred feet below sea-level, in therefore, is comparatively dense in the very heart of Asia, to the high the irrigated oases along the rivers. plateaus of Tian Shan and Mount The nomads wander from place to Kailasa, 26,000 feet above the sea. place in search of pasture for their flocks. Altho usually the mountain parts are comparatively rainy and well .. Huntington: HThe Pulse of Asia." covered with vegetation, the lowlands, which comprize most of the country, t Table (Statesman's Year Book, 1909). are intensely dry and almost absolutely desert. The people are equally Area Popula· varied, the fierce Afghan being as dif- Sq. Miles tion ferent from the Tibetan monk as is the Tibet (with Koko-nor) ..•.. 463,200 6,500,000 truculent Mongul from the mild Afghanistan ………….. 250,000 4,500,000 Chanto of Chinese Turkestan. Yet, in Chinese Turkestan ……. 550,000 1,200,000 spite of all this, 110t only the physical Bokhara …………….. 83,000 1,250,000 features of the country but the habits Kbiva ………………. 24,000 800,000 and character of the peoples possess a Russian Turkestan distinct unity, for all alike bear the Ferghana ………..•…. 35,446 1,828,700 Samaracand ………….. 26,627 1,109,900 Syr Daria …………… 194,147 1,795,400 Semiryechensk ……….. 144,550 1,122,400 Trans-Caspian Province ……. 213,855 405,500 Steppes (four provinces of Ak· molinski Semipulatinsk, Tur~ gai and Uralsk) ……….•. 710,905 2,856,100 Totals for Central Asia .. 2,695,730 23,368,000

Two main types of civilization pre- exist between India and Tibet, which vail: the condition of nomadism and are ratified by China, but no Tibetan that of intensive agriCUlture with territory may be sold or leased to any cities, centralizing life in these irri- foreign power without the consent of gated oases. Askabad, for example, the British. has a population of 30,000, and a garrison of 10,000 soldiers, and is the 2. Afghanistan, by the new demarcapital of a province nearly ten times cation of its boundaries, includes five the size of Scotland. Yet it is only a major provinces-Kabul, Herat, Kanfertile spot in the vast solitude of the dahar, Afghan Turkestan and Ba- Karakum desert. If Egypt is the gift dakshan, and two provinces, Kafiristan of the Nile, Bokhara is the gift of the and Wakhan. Oxus, or Amu Daria, and Turkestan of the Sir Daria River. Population, In the province of Herat alone as well as vegetation, in all Central there are six hundred villages, but the Asia is limited largely to irrigation chief centers of population are the areas. provincial capitals of Kandahar, Kabul, Herat, Balkh and Kunduz. I. Tibet, extending eastward from The first named is the metropolis and the Himalayan Mountains to the fron- has a population of 50,000. tiers of China, has a population estimated at over 6,000,000, according There is considerable agriculture; to the "Statesman's Year Book." The exports to India and Bokhara amount country being bleak and mountainous to at least a million pounds a year. and jealously guarded against strang- Northern Afghanistan is tolerably ers, there are still wide regions unex- rich in copper, lead, iron, etc., but the plored. The greater part of the sur- mineral resources are undeveloped. face consists of high tablelands with . The climate is, on the whole, saperpetual snow-capped mountains. In lubrious, combining great dryness the central part there are numerous with extremes of temperature. At lakes. Kabul there is snow for three months in the year, and the thermometer The climate is varied, but in general ranges from 3 below zero to IIO the air is pure and excessively dry. In above in the shade. the southern part there is agriculture. For the rest, the pursuits are pastoral. The principal trade routes for car- The chief minerals are gold, borax and avan are: Balkh to Herat, 370 miles; salt, and there has always been a large Kandahar to Herat, 400 miles by trade with China, and at present an southern and 367 miles by northern increasing trade with India. Lhasa, route; Kandahar to Kabul, 318 miles; the capital, has been once and again Kabul to the Oxus, 424 miles; and to visited by Englishmen. It stands in Peshawar on the Indian frontier, 191 a fertile plain at an elevation of nearly miles. 12,000 feet, with a popUlation of from 15,000 to 20,000. The chief marts of The common door of entrance to trade with India are Yatung, Gyang- Afghanistan from Persia is by way of tze and Gartok. According to treaties Mashad, from Bokhara by Merv, and and conventions trade regulations now from India by the Khaibar Pass to Kabul, the Gomal Pass to Ghazni, or from Chaman, the terminus of the Northwestern Railway, to Kandahar.

There are roads for artillery, but no It is by way of Kashgar to Osh and wheeled traffic and no navigable rivers Andizhan, the terminus of the Central in the country. Asian Railroad in Russian Turkestan. This route is easier physically, as it 3. Chinese Turkestan (called Sin- crosses the Terek Davan Pass (1,200 Kiang) in its widest sense includes feet) and shorter, but the Russian Kulja, Zungaria and outer Kansu, the taxes and passports favor the other Chinese dependencies between Mon- road. golia and Tibet. The inhabitants are of various races and the chief towns 4. Russian in Central Asia. The are Kashgar, Yarkand, Khotan, total area and population of Russian Kiriya, and toward the north, Aksu. dependencies and possessions in Cen- In some regions about the Kashgar tral Asia are given in the table above. and Yarkand rivers the soil is fertile; The chief centers of population, trade fruits and vegetables of all sorts are and communication are the following grown. cities: Tashkent (155,673), Kokand (81,354), Namangan (62,017), Sa- Extremes of heat and cold mark markand (58,194), Karshi (25,000), this region, zero weather changing to Hissar (10,000), Khiva (5,000), Osh sudden spring. April is often so (34, I 57), Semipalatinsk (36,040 ). warm that even then the swarms of flies and gnats which continue all About sixty-five per cent of the summer begin to be troublesome. "A population in Asiatic Russia are disagreeable feature of the otherwise sedentary, fifteen per cent seminot unhealthy climate are the strong nomadic, and twenty per cent nomads and long-continued desert winds of the steppes. The density of the which fill the air with dust and make population varies greatly. everyone irritable." The climate varies exceedingly, ac- The country has immense undevel- cording to latitude and elevation, but oped resources. For the new China is generally healthful. this region offers an easy and promising avenue of expansion analogous to The country produces cereals, fruit, the southwest of the United States. cotton, tobacco, hemp; and breeds of On the east is the desert of Gobi and goats, sheep, horses and camels. Gold, in the center the Lob-nor, a series of salt, alum, sulfur and other minerals salt lakes and marshes. are also exported.

The highest trade route in the world The means of transportation is by leads from India over the Karakorum caravan along good roads in many Pass, 18,300 feet, into Chinese Turkes- directions, but more especially the Rustan. Caravans loaded with "tea, sian Trans-Caspian Railway and the spices, doth and Korans" make the steam navigation of the River Oxus. dangerous journey. Skeletons of The Orenburg-Tashkent Railway, horses and camels strew the pathway, with its branches running south, is of and yet fifteen hundred Chinese Mos- the greatest significance for the politlem pilgrims chose this path over the ical, economical and missionary future roof of the world to Mecca in a single of this vast unoccupied area. A mere year! There is one other route to go summary of the 3,202 miles of railfrom Chinese Turkestan to the west. ways in actual operation is a startling evidence of the progress of the march

of civilization in this part of the world made itself felt on all. The wild, and a challenge to missions: fanatical Pathan from the Indian frontier allowed his ardor to cool St. Petersburg to Orenburg, I,230 down here until he became almost as miles. wild as the comfortable merchant from Bokhara. All were intelligent men, Orenburg to Tashkent, 1,174 miles. who, in their wanderings, had picked From Tashkent, steel rails stretch up much useful knowledge; and as a to Merv (603 miles), and from Merv rule the constant rubbing up against ever southward to Kushkinski (195 their neighbors had produced good miles), the furthest military outpost manners in them. They were seldom of Russia toward India, leaving a gap anything else but courteous, if they of only 500 miles to New Chaman knew that courtesy would be shown and the railway system of the north- them, and a visit from one of them west provinces. was always a pleasure. They discust The amount of money, time and politics constantly, as their trade delabor expended by the Russian Gov- pended so much on the political situaernment in works of irrigation, tion; and the man in all Asia whom bridges, railways, military hospitals they watched with keenest interest was and depots is surprizing. Abdul Rahman, the Ameer of Kabul. In addition to this railway system, The Central Asian question is one of there is a regular steamboat service great interest to them; every move in on the River Oxus between Petro the game is watched with keenness, Alexandrovsk and Charjui for over and the relative strength and probable 200 miles, and from Charjui to the intentions of the two great powers, head of navigation, Patta Hissar, for whom they regard as struggling for 288 miles. the supremacy of Asia, are freely dis- Russian Central Asia is, therefore, Ctlst by them." accessible nearly everywhere by rail or river, and the great centers of pop- A conglomeration of different races, ulation are knit together by telegraph, tribes and peoples struggling for excommerce and military occupation. istence rather than for mastery; a The highways here are ready for the medley of humanity displayed no- King, but Tibet and Afghanistan are where else on the globe in greater vastill closed lands. riety and yet welded' into a seeming unity by physical environment, a com- II. The People to Be Evangelized mon, tho alien, religion and common political hopes and fears-such is The heart of Asia has been the Central Asia. meeting-ground of many nationalities and races for many centuries. At The swarthy Afghan, the fair Mon- Kashgar Colonel Younghusband met golian, Turcomans, Uzbegs, Tibetans, men from nearly every part of Asia. Tajiks, the intellectual type from the "Ethnologically," said he, "they dif- schools at Bokhara, the enterprising fered greatly, but they were all merchant, the Khirgese nomad, the Asiatics, and nearly all traders, and Kafirs of the Hindu-Kush who comtheir general characteristics in conse- bat perpetual snow and cold, as well quence varied but little. The effect as the Chantos of the Tarim basin of Central Asian listlessness had

NOTE-In addition to the fields of Central Asia that are shaded on the map , Anam is occupied only by Roman Catholics, and Siberia only by

Catholic missionaries.-EDITORS.

scorched by desert heat-all together there are aboriginal tribes among form the population of this vast and which Moslems have been doing such unevange1ized region. Not counting successful, quiet work that already the small colony of Jews, and the 100,000 nominal Christians have larger groups of Christians of the turned Moslem. In the district of Russian Orthodox Church, a few Birsk alone there are 91,000 belonging Armenian and Hindu traders, the en- to these tribes. Within ten years they tire population is Mohammedan, ex- will all be Moslems."

cept in Tibet. Islam has spread over The prevailing religion throughout all the region and dominates the heart the whole of Tibet is Lamaism, a cor- of Asia socially, intellectually and rupt form of Buddhism, but along spiritually as strongly and over- with it there still exists the older Bon whelmingly as it; does in North Af- or Shamanistic faith. Altho the gov- rica. The city of Bokhara, with IO,- ernment is conducted by commission- 000 students and 364 mosques, is the ers appointed at Peking, it is prac- Cairo of Asia; it is the center of tically in the hands of the priests or Moslem learning and influence for all lamas, whose number is so great as to the middle East. Tashkent has over give Tibet the name of a kingdom of three hundred mosques and a large priests. According to the "States- Mohammedan library. AU the great man's Year Book," nearly all the gov- cities of Central Asia, with the excep- ernment taxes are expended on these tion of those in Tibet, are out-and-out lamas, who live in sumptuously deco- Mohammedan. Afghanistan is wholly rated temples and monasteries.

Moslem and Chinese, and Russian "Among the people polyandry is com- Turkestan, with the exception of the mon. There are courts of justice, but ruling and military classes, are also doubtful cases are often decided by prevailingly Mohammedan. lot or by ordeal, and in criminal cases The social life, the literature, archi- evidence is extracted by torture." The tecture, art, etiquette and every-day whole social system in Tibet differs speech of all Central Asia bear the widely from that of its neighbors trade-mark of Islam. An ordinary on the east and the south, and is pocket-compass goes by the name of stamped by the character of the pre- "Mecca-pointer," and the wild men of vailing faith and the practise of Hunza, shut out by the mountains polyandry. In general, education is from every contact with the outside restricted to the priests alone, but the world, have no God but Allah, and no women, on the other hand, who con- idea of the world save that its center duct most of the traffic, learn writing is Arabia. and arithmetic.

Nor has the conquest of Islam The Buddhism of Tibet is not the ceased. It entered Siberia in the six- ordinary coarse heathenism of other teenth century, but in the nineteenth parts of the world, "but a heathenism century the Moslem faith won many based on hundreds of folios, evolving adherents among the pagan tribes of their philosophic system of dialectics, the north and even among the Finns a hoary heathenism, centuries older on the Volga. Baron P. Nicolay re- than Christianity. Proud, self- ports that "In the province of U pa righteous, and self-satisfied it is, in

UNOCCUPIED FIELD IN CENTRAL ASIA 59

spite of its hollowness and super- the reputation of being the most imficiality; stubbornly tenacious of life, moral cities of Asia." A so-called reand so complete and minute in its or- spectable woman may have three or ganization that it inexorably sways four husbands in a year because of the whole life, religious, political and divorce and temporary legal marsocial, of its adherents." riages. Among the Khirghiz women and the nomads of Central Asia in The testimony of all travelers and general, better conditions prevail; but of official documents agree regarding in Russian Turkestan and Bokhara the social, moral and intellectual deg- the usual results of the Moslem social radation and need of the Moslem pop- system are everywhere in evidence. ulations of Central Asia and of the people of Tibet. The languages used in the area un- der consideration are many. Tibetan, One of the darkest places of the derived from the Sanskrit, is the earth, full of the habitations of cruelty, tongue of Tibet. In Afghanistan, is Afghanistan. According to the Pushtu is common everywhere, altho "Statesman's Year Book," "judicial the Turkestanis use Turki and the corruption and bribery are universal Kafirs have a language of their own. and the criminal law based on the Persian is the court and literary lan- Koran and tradition is barbarous in guage and is taught in the schools. the extreme." Torture in every in- The languages of Chinese and Rusconceivable form is common and the sian Turkestan are Russian, Chinese, prisons at Kabul are horribly inhuman. Under the absolute rule of the Ameer, Jagatai Turki, Kashgar Turki, Kirgthere is not even the semblance of religious liberty or personal freedom. hiz Turki, Uzbeg Turki, Wogul and The new coinage of Afghanistan Wotjak. The percentage of illiteracy typifies the relation of Church and is very high. For Afghanistan it is es- State: on the obverse side of each piece timated at 90 per cent, and for Russia is a mosque with pulpit and minarets in Asia the figures given by census are encircled by rifles, standards, swords 81.8 per cent of the males and 94 per and cannon. Persons who misbehave cent of the females. Conditions in in a mosque or omit prayers receive Tibet are nearly as bad. the lash, and the spies of the chief magistrate of Kabul make him an ob- III. How Far Occupied ject of public execration and universal dread. This extensive territory, with an area of nearly 2,700,000 square miles, Immorality of the most degrading thirteen times the size of France and type is common at court and among over twice as large as all of the the Moslem clergy. The degradation United States east of the Mississippi of womanhood is complete, from the River, has within its actual bounds residents of the palace to the dancing- only two mission stations. And the girls of the street. Among the whole- population, excluding the Cau- Chantos of eastern Turkestan social casus, of over 23,000,000 souls, of and moral conditions are very low. which at least 95 per cent is non- "Flagrant immorality is well-nigh Christian, is almost entirely unreached. universal. Khotan and Keriya have The British and Foreign Bible So- ciety reports that from its depot at

Tifiis in the Caucasus four colporteurs Church at Eli there are no other mis- and two assistants are employed, and sionaries, nor is there any Christian that the circulation of the Scriptures mission work whatsoever in all east- for 1909 was I5,529 copies. Most of ern Turkestan save at the centers men- their work, however, is among the tioned, Kashgar, Yarkand and Urum- Russian troops, and the effort to chi. At all these places even, the pop- reach the Turkish tribes of trans- ulation is so large that they are only Caucasia, who are Mohammedan, is partially reached, and all the other por- only beginning. Beyond the Caucasus tions of the area are absolutely they employ one colporteur, whose neglected.

headquarters are at Tashkent. Sales In regard to Russian Turkestan, we of the Scripture there for the past must also note as possible evangelizing year were I,705 copies. forces the German Protestants to the The Swedish Mission, organized in number of 30,000 who live in the 1&)4, occupies two stations in Turkes- Caucasus, and whose influence extends tan-Kashgar and Yarkand. In to some extent across the border. In Kashgar there is one center for Mo- Khiva and Russian Turkestan there hammedan work and two centers for are some German Mennonites ex- the Chinese. The total number of pelled from Russia for one reason or missionaries is eleven. In Yarkand another, and they try to spread the there are five missionaries working gospel among the Moslems and also chiefly among the Mohammedans. At give a good example by their Chris- both stations medical mission work is tian life. There are also some German emphasized. At Kashgar there are Mennonites at Auli-Ata, eastward between seven and eight thousand from the city of Tashkent, who have patients annually. The total number commenced to distribute the gospel of native workers at the two stations and to preach among the Khirgiz is six, one of whom is a regular evan- nation. Generally speaking, however, gelist. The four gospels have been the Sarts, U zbegs, Jews, and all the translated into Kashgari and put other populatior. of Bokhara, Khiva circulation. All the rest of the New and Turkestan, are still unreached.

Testament has been translated III The gospels have been translated into Europe, but as it now stands it is un- Uzbeg, Turki and Khirgiz, and the suitable without careful revision. For whole Bible into Russian.

the Chinese the entire Bible is, of Attempts to enter Tibet were made course, available. very early in the history of missions.

The China Inland Mission has lately In I845 (not to speak of the journey placed one of its missionaries at the of the Apostle of Tartary in 1330) capital city of Urumchi, on the east Fathers Gabet and Huc penetrated to frontier of Chinese Turkestan. The Lhasa, only to be arrested and sent one worker at that city is preparing as prisoners to Canton. Numerous himself for work among the Mohan1- attempts have been made since, both medans by the study of the Turki lan- by Roman Catholic and Protestant guage. missionaries, by way of India and Save for two or three missionaries China. The Moravian Church for belonging to the Roman Catholic over forty years has been laying

UNOCCUPIED FIELD IN CENTRAL ASIA

siege in the name of Christ to these unevangelized. The Church Mission- ancient strongholds of Buddhism. A ary Society on the northwest frontier cordon of missionary posts is being of India, at Peshawar, Bannu, Dera- drawn around Tibet, and altho it is Ismail-Khan, is in close proximity weak and wi th long gaps in the links, not only to Afghanista~, but is be- it already extends westward from ginning to carryon mission work by Kashmir along the north frontier of itineration and through its hospitals, India and Burma and reaches up to as well as the circulation of the Scrip- the north of China. tures in the semi-independent states It is more than 2,000 miles from the and frontier tribal areas between the Moravian station among the Tibetan boundary line of Afghanistan and Buddhists, Ladak, to the Chinese fron- India, in Waziristan, Tirah, Swat and tier, where the China Inland Mission Chitral. But no missionary society in on this extreme outpost is trying to India has actually crossed the Afghan reach the eastern Tibetans. The whole border from the south, nor have the story of the attempted entrance into societies from Persia on the west, or this great closed land is full of heart- from China on the east, entered the stirring heroism. The Moravian areas under consideration.

brethren now occupy three stations in IV. The Task Remaining and Estimate. little Tibet. They have prepared of the Situation grammars on the language and pub- lished a dictionary and the New Tes- Lying along the northwest frontier tament in Tibetan. of India is the extended line of C. M.

The China Inland Mission, the S. outposts all the way from Quetta Christian Missionary Alliance, the in Baluchistan to Srinagar in Kash- Scandinavian Alliance Mission, the mir. Some of these missionary out- Church of Scotland Mission, the L. M. posts are organized and equipped on S., the C. M. S., and the Assam Fron- such a scale as to be real mission tier Mission have all made prepara- bases, ready to furnish both personnel tory efforts, more or less extended, to and equipment for an advance into enter this field. Tibetans who come Central Asia, where spread out for over the border for trade are in touch more than 1,000 miles due north and with these missionary agencies. The for 3,00 miles from west to east, all natural line of approach at present the way from Meshed, in Persia, to for the penetration of Tibet seems to Batham, the first frontier station in be through China. In any case, the China, is the unoccupied heart of Asia.

evangelization of western China The great historic cities of Samar- would profoundly affect conditions kand, Tashkent, Khokand, Andijan, across the Tibetan borders. in Russian Turkestan; Turfan, Aksu, The Central Asia Pioneer Mission Rami and Khotan, in Chinese Turkes- (organized 1902) has a station at tan, and the centers of population in Hoti-Marden on the border marches Afghanistan and Tibet are all with- of India, near Peshawar. The object out missionaries.

of this mission is to enter Afghanistan. Leaving out of all consideration the Within a short distance of this out- nomad tribes so hard to reach, scat- post they report 2,000 villages yet tered as they are in sparsely settled

districts, and confining our attention Russian and Chinese Turkestan, both to the great centers of population in for the education of native workers the oases, and the cities where trade and to reach the better class of Moand travel gravitate, the number of hammedans through Christian educamissionaries required for an adequate tion. As soon as there is more liberty occupation of Central Asia, on the and present hindrances are removed, basis of only one worker for every there should be three Christian col- 50,000 people, would be 468, instead leges: one for the Caucasus, one at of a handful of isolated workers m Bokara, and one for Chinese Turkesdistant outposts. tan at Kashgar or Yarkand. Because this field is thoroughly Mohammedan To occupy only the great cities in in its character, the need for women Tibet, Afghanistan, Chinese Turkes- workers is as extensive and intensive tan and Russian Turkestan, together as is that for men. with the vassal states of Bokhara and Khiva, would mean at least one hun- When we consider the desperate dred missionaries, and of that number condition of the whole population, deat least one-half should be medical prived of all medical skill and subject mISSIOnaries. Colonel Wingate, in to every superstition and cruelty, the writing of the spiritual needs of Cen- establishment of modern mission hostral Asia, says: pitals in each of th elarge centers of population seems not only essential "One remark is applicable to all the but imperative. tribes that lie beyond the Indian frontier, to the Mohmands and Shinwaris, In regard to literary work, much to the Kohistanis and the Chitrals, to remains to be done. A periodical in the inhabitants of Swat and Dir, of Turki should be published and a large Hunza and Yasin, that they are all Christian literature prepared in the to-day without the help and relief of various vernaculars spoken. medical science and skill, and would hail with uncommon thankfulness the In the judgment of some missionary arrival of the medical missionary with leaders, the best lines of advance in his dispensary and hospital, for the the immediate future for the strategic sake of which they would tolerate his occupation of Central Asia might be Bible and listen to his exhortations, indicated as follows: First, to and learn to love the Savior of all strengthen by immediate reenforcemankind." ment the work begun so courageously and successfully at Kashgar and And what is true of the borders of Yarkand by the Swedish Mission, and Afghanistan is true of all the regions to have missions under Swedish or beyond. Danish societies begin work in the other great centers along the Russian The experience of all workers in railway in Turkestan. This work Moslem lands is unanimous that could best be done by such societies greater and better results can be ob- as would not be under political sustained through the work of medical picion on the part of the Russian Govmissionaries than in any other way ernment. A line of missionary outamong this class of people. posts might well run from New Chaman in Baluchistan to Hunza, in Educational work should be organized in all of the great cities of

UNOCCUPIED FIELD IN CENTRAL ASIA

the tributary states of Kashmir, ann traveler who has visited these lands. include between these two flanks the "I remember the rude Mongols," says stations of Wana, Sherrannee, ThaI, Colonel Younghusband, "far away in Chitral, Mustaj and Yasin. All of the midst of the Gobi desert, setting these points, altho devoid of mission- apart in their tents the little altars at aries, have already been occupied for which they worshiped. I recall nights a number of years as centers of Brit- spent in the tents of the wandering ish influence and administration by Khirgiz, when the family of an evethe political, civil and military offi- ning would say their prayers tocers of the government of India. gether; I think of the Afghan and From Hoti-Mardan as a center, the Central Asian merchants visiting me towns of Aladand and Thana in Swat, at Yarkand, and in the middle of of Dir in Baraul, Kiladrosh in Chitral, their visits asking to be excused while and Kamdesh in Kafiristan, should be they laid down a cloth on the floor and occupied. That this advance is possi- repeated their prayers; of the late ble is the opinion not only of mission- Mehtar of Chitral, during a morning's aries in India, but of Christian gov- shooting among the mountains, halternment officers. If the missionary is ing, with all his court, for a few mogoing to wait until the foreign office ments to pray; and, lastly, of the wild sanctions his going and guarantees his men of Hunza, whom I had led up a protection or the vengeance of any in- new and difficult pass, pausing as they jury done him, then the doors are reached the summit to offer a prayer closed. If the missionary is to wait of thanks, and ending with a shout until it is safe to take his wife and of 'Allah '" And this is only one teschildren into Central Asia with him, timony how the heart of Asia is it may not be possible, but the doors thirsting for the living God. are not closed to those who are willing to go in the same way as the selected The fact that there are great diffi. officers of the British Government. culties and apparently insurmountable "Unmarried men, or those who are obstacles which have hindered the willing to leave their families at home, evangelization of Central Asia in the knowing the language, strong, robust, past should not limit our faith or cool fearless, tactful-if we had a hundred our ardor to-day. The reasons for the of such qualified men, carefully se- long neglect and for the present utlected, there would be little difficulty terly inadequate occupation of any of in putting them into positions of these countries of Central Asia were enormous advantage for the spiritual doubtless both religious and political. occupation of Central Asian terri- The fanatic intolerance and pride of tories." Islam or Lamaism have baffled the faith and deferred the hope of those The present spiritual destitution who might otherwise, perhaps, have and the age-long neglect of all these entered and possest the land. Tibet countries is the strongest possible ar- still seems closed against the actual gument for their occupation. The residence of missionaries, altho the pathos of all these millions still people are being reached across its groping restlessly for the true light borders. In Afghanistan there is tofinds a voice in the record of every day an absolute veto against any mis-

sionary entering, and there is little have a strong claim to recognition.

prospect of this changing under the The recent rapprochement of Russia present regime. A convert from and Great Britain and the new demar- Islam to Christianity is regarded, cation of their respective spheres of within the realms of the Ameer, as influence in Persia will doubtless lead having committed a capital offense, to mutual understanding, and may yet and both law and public opinion throw open wide even the doors of justify his execution. Afghanistan for the proclamation of Conditions in Russian Turkestan the gospel.

and among the Chantos of Chinese It is not probable that amid all the Turkestan are not so intolerant. restless movements in the neighboring Everywhere the entrance of a med- Moslem nations-Turkey, Persia and ical missionary might prove the be- India-Central Asia and Afghanistan ginning of established work. Re- will remain dormant. On the con- garded from the purely political stand- trary, there are indications that the point, officers in the British army have Pan-Islamic movement has reached again and again admitted that hos- Bokhara and Kabul, as well as Orem- pitals and dispensaries are a valuable burg and Tiflis. Not only is there dis- asset in the pacification of frontier cussion of social reform in the Moslem tribes, and as one of the missionaries press of Russia, but the Tatar paper, expresses it: "Now is the opportunity Terdjuman, recently contained a prop- and we must seize it or sit with folded osition calling for a Pan-Islamic con- hands while others step in and do in gress to discuss the reformation of another name what should have been Islam. At present the Moslems of done in the name of Christ." Chinese Turkestan are "the essence of The policy of Russian advance in imperturbable mediocrity. They live Central Asia, as exprest in the a careless, easy, apathetic existence; famous circular dispatch of Prince nothing disturbs them. It is their Gortchakoff,* admits "that the posi- destiny, shut away from the rest of tion of Russia in Central Asia is that the world, to lead a dull, spiritless, of all civilized states which are but easy and perhaps happy life, which brought into contact with half-savage, they allow nothing to disturb." Let nomad populations possessing no fixt these Moslems, however, once become social organization . . . with the ob- aroused through the press or the der- ject not of extending beyond all rea- vish preacher, and who can tell what sonable bounds the regions under our might be the result in Central Asia.

august master's scepter, but in giving Now is the opportunity to carry the a solid basis to his rule in guarantee- gospel to them.

ing their security and in developing Nothing can hold back the advance their social organization, their com- of Western civilization into the very merce, their well-being and their civili- heart of Asia. The railway and the zation." If this official expression of caravan are forcing upon them the real purpose of Russia in Central through every pass and along every Asia be still true, then missions surely channel of communication the latest * Date~ November 21, 1864; see Hamilton's "Af· inventions of our times. At Kabul ghanistan," appendix, pages 493·497. one may see motor-cars, sewing-

UNOCCUPIED FIELD IN CENTRAL ASIA

machines, gramophones, rifles and mounted by those who have faith in smokeless-powder. One of the results God. The kingdoms and the governof the visit of the Ameer of Afghanis- ments of this world have frontiers tan to India was that he arranged for which must not be crossed, but the the erection of looms in his capital, and Gospel of Jesus Christ has no fronnow we hear of the transportation by tier. It never has been kept within camel-train of pianos, and motor-cars, bounds; it has a message for the whole and a plant for wireless telegraphy race and the very fact that there are through the Khyber Pass. For the millions of souls in Central Asia who management of all these modern in- have never heard the message bedustries a staff of European engineers comes the strongest of reasons why and mechanics is admitted into the we must carry it to them. Every year country. For some years European we hear of further advance into these physicians, both men and women, have regions of Central Asia by commerce, been under the protection and the pay by travelers and by men of science. If of the Ameer, and yet the missionary they can open a way for themselves is forbidden entrance. in spite of all these difficulties, shall the ambassadors of the cross shrink Afghanistan is perhaps to-day the back? The fact that Central Asia has most difficult country for a missionary .for the first time a place in the prayers to enter. Not only is the Ameer's and faith and enterprise of even a written permission necessary, but the few Christians is a sure promise of Indian Government also must consent its final evangelization. and no European is allowed to cross the frontier without permit. It is al- BIBLIOGRAPHY most as difficult for those who are employed by the Ameer to return to The Statesman's Year Book, 1909; Ellsworth India. Even the British political Huntington, The Pulse of Asia, New York, 1907; agent residing in Kabul is little better David Fraser, The Marches of Hindustan, Edin· than a prisoner, and hundreds of peo- burgh, 1907; Perceval Landon, The Opening of ple have been killed merely on sus- Tibet, New York, 1905; Dr. Susie C. Rynhart, picion of having visited him and With, Tibetans in Tent and Tempte, New York, given reports' of the doings of the 1901; Annie Taylor, Pioneering in Tibet, (n. d.); government. Yet all these difficulties H. G. Schneider, Working and Waiting for Tibet, of long neglect, of political barriers, (n. d.); Angus Hamilton, Afghanistan" London, and national jealousies, and religious 1906; Frank A. Martin, Un,der the Absolute Ameer, intolerance, in Tibet as well as in New York, 1907; Ralph P. Cobbold, I.nnermost Afghanistan, are oo.ly a challenge to Asia, London, 1900; Sven Hedin, Through Asia, 2 faith and intended of God to lead us volumes, London, 1898; Our N oythwest Frontier to prayer. The evangelization of Cen- in India, C. M. S. Review, August, 1908; T. H. tral Asia has in it the glory of the im- Pennell, Among the Wild Tribes of the Afghan possible, and all difficulties can be sur- Frontier, Younghusband, The Heart of a Conti· nentj Wright's Asiatic Russia, 2 volumes, Lon- don. 1903.

Current numbers of RC'vue du Monde Mussulman, Paris; Dawn in Central Asia, London; The Geo· graphical Journal, London; Colonel S. Wingate, The Spiritual Needs of Central Asia, and Some Features of Chinese Turkestan. BY REV. H. LOOMIS, YOKOHOMA, JAPAN Report for the Year 1909 among Japanese emigrants, you will find a larger percentage of them are The past year has shown steady and Christians than are to be found in the encouraging progress in Christian home land. For instance, there are work in Japan. In a summary given fifteen Congregational churches (Japby Rev. Dr. Davis at the recent semi- anese) in Hawaii, with 748 members; centennial conference in Tokyo, he re- there are independent Baptist and ported as follows: Methodist churches in Seattle; and on the rolls of the first Presbyterian "There are now nearly 600 or- Church at Seattle are the names of 238 ganized churches in Japan. More members. The Presbyterian Church than one-fourth are self-supporting. in San Francisco has r75 members, These churches have a membership ex- and Miss Harwood reports there must ceeding 70,000. Last year the mem- be in the different churches at Los bership increased ten per cent. There Angeles at least 600 members. And are nearly 500 ordained Japanese these are only samples of what will be workers, 600 unordained male work- found in China, Korea, Manchuria ers, 200 Bible women, nearly 100,000 and wherever the Japanese are. scholars taught in over 1,000 Sabbathschools. There are about 4,000 stu- Testimony from an Outsider dents in Christian boarding-schools, and roo Christian kindergartens and There are also other results of other day-schools where 8,000 scholars Christian effort that are neither tabuare taught. About 400 students are lated nor reported, and yet they are a trained in the theological schools, and factor of no small importance in the 250 women in women's Bible-schools. religious life of the Japanese. In the Several of the larger churches have review of the recent semi-centennial organized missionary societies which conference there appeared in the public are extending the work in Japan and press an article by Mr. Kanzo Uchiin Formosa, Korea, Manchuria, and mura, who is a man of recognized China. The Protestant Christians ability and influence and has quite a gave for Christian work last year following among young Japanese as a nearly 300,000 yen ($150,000)." religious teacher. He affiliates with none of the sects and takes simply the But the figures given in the annual Word of God as his guide. Speaking reports come far short of showing of the recent semi-centennial conferwhat is the actual strength of Chris- ence, he says : "We must not forget tianity among the Japanese. It was that there are hundreds and thousands estimated by Bishop Evington that of Christians in Japan who have had previous to the year 1900 there had nothing to do with missionaries, and been a loss from the rolls of some who naturally on that account would 30,000 members. Such persons have take little or no interest in such a connot ordinarily given up Christianity ference." (in fact, I suppose that such are the exception), but had removed in most That there are Christians in this cases to other places, or to some other country who were not converted by country. Go where you will and missionaries or their agents, and who

IN JAPAN

without belonging to any church, and in numbers and interest all the time. knowing nothing about dogmas and I wrote you last year of the number sacraments and ecclesiastical orders, of soldiers in Manchuria who were are yet devout believers in God and calling for the gospel, and that twenty- Christ, is a fact very little known, I five or more were writing me for think. But that such is a fact is in- teaching. controvertible. "This year many of those men were "Christianity outside of churches" sent home and new ones took their is taking hold of the Japanese people places. Some who received the truth far more strongly than missionaries must remain in their regiments imagine. The Western idea, that a another year. But they are telling the religion must show itself in an or- good news to their comrades and ganiied form before it can be recog- many are asking the way of life. Not nized as a religion at all, is alien to long ago a letter came from one who the Japanese mind. With us, religion has been so zealous in leading others is more a family affair than national to study the Word with the names of or social, as is shown by the strong fifteen of his fellow soldiers who asked hold that Confucianism has had upon for the gospel. Now there are thirty us, without showing itself in any or- writing me from Manchuria telling ganized societies and movements. And me of their isolated, lonely lives, and I am confident that Christianity is begging me to send them the gospels now, slowly but steadily taking the and Christian literature. I have done place of Confucianism as the family this as far as I have been able, and to religion of the Japanese. Indeed, I show their appreciation and desire to can cite a number of cases where have it, they sent 2.50 yen to pay Christianity has been adopted in this postage. I want to send each one of form by my countrymen. those men a copy of the 'New Testa- ment for New Year's. As far as I see, Christianity is making progress in this country far "Then those who returned to their ahead of missionaries. This new homes here in Japan have been sowing form of Christianity adopted by my the seed among their friends here, and countrymen is neither orthodox nor letters are coming from people whom unitarian. We go to Jesus of Naza- I have never seen nor heard of before, reth directly, and aim to live and be asking to know the way of life. I made like Him. And I am confident want some Testaments to send them, that in making the statement, I voice too. May I have 100 copies? a sentiment of many, both known and unknown to me, who are disciples of "I am still in correspondence with Christ without having any connection over 200 people who are seeking, and with so-called "churches." want to be saved. There is nothing but the Gospel of Christ can save Work for the Soldiers their hungry souls, and I long to give it to them. "The work over the country-I mean Japan, Korea, and Manchuria," "I wonder if we realize how many people there are in this empire who says Miss L. J. Wirick, "is growing are reading the Word of God in the quiet hours of the home? And it is

blest to know that so many are calJing Christian literature is read far more for it, too." widely than many think, by non- Christians as well as by Christians. Circulation of the Bible The words of the prophets and apos- tles are quoted in the daily newspapers Owing to the absence of one of the alongside of the words of the ancient agents during the greater part of the sages of China; and many of the sayyear, and other causes, the sale of the ings of Christ are coming to be almost Scriptures was not as large as during household words. No other religious the year preceding. But the demand books are so generally read and ponis not less than heretofore, and when dered as the Christian Scriptures. we consider the fact that more than Amid the present confusion in ethical five million copies of the Bible, Tes- thought, Christian ethics are recogtament and Portions have been circu- nized by many as being the highest lated in this country during the last standard of living; and their straight thirty years, it is a wonder that so gate and narrow way are seen to lead many are being sold all the time. The to life, even by those who do .not total circulation during 1909 was themselves enter them. The Chris- 8,844 Bibles, 83AIO Testaments, and tian world-view is growing more and 255,541 Portions. more familiar; and when the Chris- tian preacher, standing in the presence This large and continuous demand of men of education, speaks of God, for the Scriptures is a sure indication he seldom any longer needs to say of a real desire among the Japanese that, when he speaks of God, he to know what the teachings of Chris- means the infinite, eternal, unchangetianity are. It is reported that there is able, and yet personal Presence that among the students especially a keen fills all the universe with His glory. desire to know the life and teachings Thus, around the churches there is of Jesus. A secular publishing-house forming an ever-widening ring of has put out a life of Christ, based upon those who are seeking after God, if Farrar and David Smith, which has haply they may find him." had a large sale. More Missionaries Wanted Another surprizing and interesting fact is that during the past ten years Looking over the vast field, and two hundred thousand copies of the seeing how much there is that is still Christian Union hymn-book in J ap- unoccupied, the J apanese hav~ awaanese have been sold. kened to the realization of the great and pressing need; and, contrary to Christianity and Society their attitude a few years ago, are asking for more missionaries. This The result of Bible distribution, is also being urged by such men as Christian preaching, and religious Rev. Mr. Ebina, who is one of the teaching are becoming more and more most popular leaders in Japan, and evident, and also in various ways. has not been classed hitherto as espe- Speaking of the work of the Holy cially friendly to foreigners. In a re- Spirit in Japan, Rev. Dr. Imbrie, in cent article on the subject of the his historical address at the recent conference, says, "Christian truths and Christian principles are finding their way into the minds of the people.

"Foreign Missionaries in Japan," he thirty-four for evangelistic work and writes; "In our opinion, it can not six for education. Similar requests be said that your mission in Japan is are being made from other missions. yet completed. It must be recognized that this mission is taking on a new Independence of the Japanese Churches significance and is becoming constantly clearer. Our revered and beloved For a number of years past there foreign missionaries are the living rep- has been a growing desire on the part resentatives of the lofty religiousness of the Japanese Christians to be inand experience which we Japanese dependent of foreign control. Some now demand. Whether the nation shall have a vigorous and well- of the mission boards have been unrounded development or not depends willing to grant it, owing to the fact on whether or not we assimilate this that so much money was being inconsciousness and experience. vested in different ways it was ieared that some of it might not be used in "You, with your strong, clear, accordance with the wishes and purethical consciousness and your kindly, pose of the donors. peaceful, loving sensibilities, have you not a motive that ought to call forth But the Congregationalists led the faith fr0111 us in Japan? If you are way, and later the Methodists, and a conscious of this, th en your mission part of the Presbyterian bodies have is as clear as the day. P olitical and followed. The results have been more economic affairs do not bring us into satisfactory than was expected. In direct relation. It is based upon the fact, it is conceded by those who are Christianity of America, which you represent, in our own spiritual life. Should you not exert yourselves to the utmost, not only for the peace between America and Japan, but in a real sense for the establishment of the Kingdom of God? Now is the time, we firmly believe, for you to bestir yourselves and manifest the seriousness of your purpose. You simply must not furl the banner of Christ; nay, rather you should lift up and advance and proclaim the gospel of the Kingdom of God on earth."

Following out this desire on the part of the Japanese for more helpers in their work, the Canadian Methodist Mission has made an estimate of the foreign missionaries needed in their part of the field during the next five years and made an appeal to the Home Board for forty new missionaries,

most concerned that it has been entire- ily cooperating in every essential mat- ly successful. Speaking for the Con- ter.

gregationalists, Rev. Dr. Greene says, "Some will naturally ask the ques- "Hardly ever before in any land has tion, 'How does the missionary feel Christianity borne riper or more about the change?" To the writer it varied fruit at so early a stage in its seems that the feeling is one of gen- history. And it is a matter for great eral satisfaction. The missionary is rejoicing that with this growth in freer to do the work than under the numbers and this multiplicity of labors old conditions, and of work there is there has been manifested an increas- certainly any amount, and enough for ing sense of responsibility for the two or three times the present mis- evangelization of Japan. There has sionary force in Japan. At any rate, already grown up a large body of self- we have not heard an expression of supporting churches which are deep- desire to get back to the old condi- ly imbued with the belief that it is tions, not even for the sake of the mis- their duty to prove to the world that sionary."

Christianity is no longer an exotic, General Outlook but has planted its roots firmly in J ap- As to the general outlook, Rev. Mr.

anese soil." Johnson, of the East Japan Mission, In a report of the annual meeting writes, "There is in Japan to-day of the mission of the American Board, among the leaders of the people, al- Rev. Mr. Lombard writes, "Especially most a universal cry for a stable basis pleasing were the many references of morality. The suicides and gross that gave evidence of the successful immoralities of students and business cooperation of the mission and the men have startled the people into in- Kumiai churches, thus further estab- quiring the reasons for such moral lishing the value of the policy that failures. Hitherto education was maintains complete mutual independ- thought to be sufficient, but the help- ence with the closest cooperative ac- lessness of the people is made appar- tivity." ent in the appeal of the Minister for Rev. Dr. Spencer testifies in regard Education that teachers and pro- to the satisfaction that has been felt fessors would try to inculcate moral in the Methodist body as to the work- ideas in those whom they taught.

ing of the plan of having a Japanese Right here we come in touch with bishop in control. In an account of this awakening conscience. All over their last annual meeting he writes, the land, from cold, wind-swept "There has not appeared on the part Hokkaido to sunny Formosa, farmers, of the Japanese any act manifesting artizans, students, merchants and the desire to exclude the foreigner. scholars are listening to the gospel He has been welcomed in all its ses- message and are being led into the sions, his voice has been heard in its kingdom. Never before has the nation deliberations, and no discrimination in been in a better attitude to receive the voice or vote is made against the mis- Truth. She is reaching out for. some- sionary. The utmost harmony and thing higher. We believe she is reach- good will has prev3iled throughout, ing for the Truth.

the missionary and the Japanese heart- "The best piece of news concerning

A GARDEN OF THE LORD IN THE

our work in the "Hokkaido is the invi- schools, before closed, are opening to tation of the president of the steel- the gospel." rolling plant to one of our Presbyterian missionaries. The company is Speaking of the future of Chriswilling to provide a home for the tianity in Japan, Dr. Motoda says, "It missionary and to equip him for his is our firm belief that Christianity will work among the six thousand em- be the future religion for the greatest ployees. What a wonderful oppor- number of the people of Japan, that tunity to bring the gospel message policy has nothing to do with the matand influence to such a company of ter, and that Christianity will be unimen." versally adopted, not because it is politic to do so, but on account of its Rev. ]. E. Hail, of the West Japan giving full satisfaction to the spiritual Mission, writes, "Marked are the evi- needs of man." dences of God's hand in recent movements affecting the whole empire. In a description of a Christian meet- During the late war, Christian work ing at the hall of the Y. M. C. A. in among the soldiers reached tens of Tokyo, the writer says, "There was thousands, who, with a favorable re- a refinement and a sweetness in those port of Christianity, have returned as faces which one does not often see, victorious heroes to homes and vil- and when one listened to what was lages heretofore shut against Christ. said by the speakers of the day and Reports of the evangelical addresses heard the prayers that were offered, at the World's Students' Federation new visions of the immediate future Conference, the first international rose before one's eyes, and that augathering ever held in the Orient, dience seemed like the city of God were published in all the dailies and set on a hilI, into which shall be gathread by millions. Homes, villages, ered all the children of God that are scattered abroad."

A GARDEN OF THE LORD IN THE SOLOMONS SECOND ARTICLE * BY NORTH COTE DECK We are anchored now at Tulagi, in The evening meeting is just over. the Solomons, where we have come in As I looked at the ring of woolly heads, the mission vessel Evangel for mails bowed over tattered hymn-books and and supplies. It is raining and blow- Bibles, around a flickering hurricaneing hard and at night the wind has a lantern on the hatch, while the wind wonderful way of whisking through howled and the awnings flapped and the rigging which makes one wish for the rain drove in gusts across the deck, dry land and home, where there is no I thought of the· well-lighted churches need to think of anchors dragging or and the quiet Sunday evenings at cables breaking. But we have had a home. Sunday so happy that one thanks Him again and again for the joy of being .Yet cheerless as it was outwardly, here in His service. the Lord came near to cheer, for He went through many such storms in His * For the first part see July REVIEW, pp 529, et. seq.

earthly wanderings. He is a high Then very simply we told of God's priest that can be touched with the remedy; "His medicine," reverently I feeling of our infirmities, and He has liked to call it. As they sat around on a gracious way of giving a peculiar mats, some quite children, some old joy in such service and surroundings men with horrible sores, some young which makes up for everything else. wives gaily decorated with beads, or _ Thinking over the many strange ex- men with strings of white cowrieperiences of our floating home, one's shells across their foreheads; then I mind went back to a meetipg held in thought I saw another: a heavenly wide Wanoni Bay, on the far-off Visitor, unseen yet real, and I wonisland of San Christoval. School dered how much they would have to was begun there three years ago by be changed to be like Him, as is his six men from Malaita at the urgent wish. Then the meeting ended with a entreaty of Peter Wetigo, a solitary simple hymn, almost a chorus, "Jesus Christian man who lived in the bay, saves me just now, just now Jesus where I had my first real experience saves me." of preaching to heathen. After lunch there was a quiet meet- The meeting was held in a large ing of the Christians, to carry out the house, with doors made high up and Master's wishes when He said, "This narrow, in self-defense, so that no one do in remembrance of me." I rememcould get in quickly. There were ber it was raining at the time, a heavy three seats of honor-three stumps- squall from the mountains around, but one for myself, one for the interpreter, it only seemed to shut us in with Him while on the third the old chief, idly more closely; and the surf thundered fanned himself with his great hat and on the beach a dozen yards away, but grunted approval at intervals. it only emphasized the absolute still- ness in the room as that little company Unaccustomed to native audiences, of Christians sat with heads bowed it was with very mixed feelings that reverently. one stood up to tell them about the Way. While one described the Passover feast held year after year for many The feeling which was uppermost centuries, until one evening it was held was one of utter helplessness as I for the last time in the presence of the looked at some of the faces around One who came to fulfil the picture of and wondered how they could possibly the passover lamb; and then as one understand these things which are. described the upper room, the strife, the feet-washing, and repeated the Spiritually discerned, it made one last command, "Love one another," I long afresh for the prayers of friends think most of our hearts were bared at home. We count it joy to come to His eye and bowed to His comhere, leaving home and comfort, but mand. we are helpless unless God works and' friends at home pray; always remem- Then the simple elements were ber that. We had a sheet on the wall passed around and absolute stillness with the Ten Commandments, and, reigned as we remembered Him and likening them to a foot-rule by which tried to forget the world around. Sudwe measure, tried to show how, by this denly I caught myself wondering how standard, all men "come short."

19IO] A GARDEN OF THE LORD IN THE SOLOMONS

it all appealed to the group of heathen those months were. Do you remem- natives i!1 the next room, as without ber that verse about buying up the moving they squatted around in dif- opportunities? That just seems to fit ferent attitudes silently watching this this man, with his brief and fruitful strange, impressive service through service.

the open door of the darkened room While at Wanoni I paid a visit to beyond, their white eyeballs gleaming all that remains to remind the world in the gloom and the strings of white of Tom Solomon. There was great cowrie-shells making strange mark- difficulty in getting a guide, all being ings on their faces. And then we afraid, as well they might because it scattered, each, I think, wanting to was full of danger to them. We fol- be alone to live over again those lowed the river up some two miles, solemn moments of fellowship with a dark eerie gorge, the stream rush- Him. ing over boulders and between banks This district, too, like so many of ferns and overhanging creepers.

others here, has already its martyr. Sometimes we jumped from boulder Tom Solomon was a candidate in to boulder, or climbed around pro- Queensland, but returned to the jecting banks, holding on to decaying islands before being baptized. Coming roots and fragrant creepers, till we back to Wanoni Bay he began attend- reached a place where there was a ing school at once; but he did more. little more sunshine and a narrow Taught like all the others that he was ledge bet'ieen the river and the steep, "saved to serve," he became a zealous rising hill. Here we found the over- worker, bringing so many to school grown garden and the blackened and that the chief on his side of the river desolate ruin of a native hut. Only became alarmed. the skeleton framework was left, So he invited T 0111 back to his old gaunt and bare. I could not help home on the banks of a mountain looking up on the hills around for river under pretense that he wanted some savage face watching tiS out of a school. There silently in the dead the bush.

of night three men fell on him and But it was all silent, deadly silent, hacked him to pieces with axes. Tak- except for the rustle of the stream ten ing what remained of his body, they feet below; and a kind of chill came threw it over the high bank of ferns over us all. At any moment some one into the river below and then burned might have safely shot us from above.

down the house. Among the ashes near where the The chief refused to allow anyone head of the dead man's bunk had ap- to bury the body. So there in the parently been, I came across the stream, head down, it lay, a ghastly blackened and rusted head of an ax, warning to alI others not to come to perhaps one of those used that dark school; till God, I think, in pity sent night.on the unsuspecting man. And a flood which carried the body down there the three of us, bareheaded, and out to sea, where it awaits "that stooping under the broken rafters, great day." with the music of the stream in our Tom had only been home a few ears, joined in reverent prayer- short months; yet how well invested prayer that God would look down and

that He would avenge the blood of beach. Truly "if a corn of wheat fall His servant by bringing in many into the ground and die it bringeth through this thing, "That he being forth much fruit," and friends, we dead might yet speak." What a com- ought to lay down our lives for the fort that Jesus knows and cares. brethren. The fruit appears already, for one of those stealthy murderers Then parting the ferns which shut has since been converted after steadily out the river from view, we turned attending the services, and now the down-stream and homeward; and I old chief wants to move down to the noticed that the guides went faster beach to have school in his village, than before and seemed relieved when and we expect a martyr's harvest. at last we stept unharmed onto the A MOSLEM INVITATION AND A CHRISTIAN RESPONSE flY GEORGE F. HERRICK, D.D.

Eight centuries ago, when the world sons of men. What then have we to was Europe and the Nearer East, do with "attack" and "defense," with there rang through Christendom the "army" and "conquest"? We may recry, "To arms! Let us rescue the gret dropping the word "crusade" beholy sepulcher from the infidel; snatch cause of its etymological meaning, but the symbols of our faith from Moslem even this word conveys so sinister a hands." Is it not the irony of history meaning to those we wish to help that that to-day Moslem bayonets alone it is better that we simply let it hold prevent "Christians" from fiying at its place in past history, each other's throats in those holy places? Hark! is the cry echoed from the east to the west, from Moslem to The "Christian" nations are indeed Christian lands, a challenge? It lacks armed to-day in a fashion which the ring of a challenge. It is too makes us smile at the brave panoply plaintive for that. It is altogether in of the crusading knights as we do at a minor key. It is a cry for help. It children's mimicry of war. But the is a distress signal. "Have compasforces that are gathered here have no sion on our poverty, our ignorance, armies at their back. Competition in our helplessness. Help us to break the hurried laying down of Dread- and cast away the fetters riveted and noughts in the great ship-building rusting on our limbs for ages and genyards does not concern them. The erations. We see you standing erect, very terminology of war and battle we like men, clothed, fed, sheltered, discard. See! we wear no coats of walking, running, winning in the race mail; siege guns, mountain batteries, of life. Give us a fraternal hand. armored cruisers we have none. Never mind our conceit of a lineage Enemies we have none among all the and a national history confessedly il-

1910j A MOSLEM: INVI'fATION ANt A CHRISTIAN RESPONSE

lustrious and more ancient than your march with us along the path of maown. Don't remind us too often that terial progress toward the attainment all that is noble in our lineage and of material prosperity and wen-being. our history is underground. You can They are attempting at one bound the help us. Come and let us help you establishment of constitutional governto see how you can effectually bring ment. They are learning the ABC us the help we need. of liberty, individual and national, and they have not yet learned the entire Now, as we consider what the in- alphabet. They do some groping in vitation and welcome extended by the conduct of a deliberative and legis- Moslem peoples to Christians of the lative assembly. But they are honestly West really signifies and implies, let trying to learn and put in practise the us see and frankly acknowledge that, lesson learned through experience except in very few and isolated cases, and practise, ages long, by the Westit does not imply any readiness to ac- ern nations, and in this they ask our cept and profess our religion in place help. It is in a good degree a fra:- of their ancestral faith. Our privilege ternal appeal. The appeal is meeting and duty in this regard will be consid- with a fraternal, if not wholly unselfered further on. ish response.

I. What, Then, Do Moslem Peoples Ask Egypt, perhaps, presents the best il- lustration of the significance and value From Christians of the West? of the Christian response to this cry of an opprest and distrest people. We I. The Moslem world powers ask see there a Moslem people, in the "Christians" to come and teach them space of a quarter of a century, lifted, the art of war on sea and land, as under Christian influence, out of dense "Christians" practise it, and to supply poverty and its attendant hopelessness them with such war material, such into rapidly increasing material prosweapons of precision as will enable perity; lifted from abject, almost anithem, as Japan has done, to cope on· mal, slavery into conscious manhood. equal terms with their "Christian" neighbors; and "Christian" nations Even in Turkey, under the iron rule are acceding to their request. of absolutism, progress was making in the larger cities of the empire for The question here raised is one which the long stride toward liberty and runs deeper than the purely political material prosperity taken two years relations of Mohammedan to Christian ago. Better roads, better houses, betgovernments. One fact we are in ter lighting, better sanitation are evidanger of failing, it may be fatally dence of progress made. In these and failing, to grasp, viz., that in a Moslem in other and similar ways Mohammestate questions civil and questions re- dans in Turkey have profited from ligious, civil officers and religious of- their proximity to their neighbors of ficers, are not merely united: they are the West. Along this path of progress identical. The sharpest sword a Mos- they will, we hope, advance, with more lem ruler wields is that of his prophet. elastic step, in the years to come. Church and State in Islam are vitally joined and inseparable. 3. Leading Mussulmans invite and welcome Christian help in their efforts 2. Moslems and Moslem peoples are asking us to help them arise and

worthily to educate their people high-school conducted by the Amerthrough schools and the press; to in- ican mission in Constantinople, three troduce scientific healing, and even in were Mussulmans. Of the three, two, their struggle, under great difficulties, brother and sister, were from one for social reform. family and had attended the school for seven years. The father, a physician, Weare far from claiming that the was the most intensely interested Mussulman peoples of Turkey, as a listener present at the closing exerwhole, or any large fraction of those cises of the school. The mother also peoples, join in this appeal to us for was present on a balcony overlooking help in these more vital movements the stage. There was no person shartoward reform. ing in the exercises of that occasion more self-possest, more modest and How much in earnest, how intelli- less self-conscious, than the young gent and determined some thousands Turkish maiden of that little group of of Mohammedans have long been in pupils. their effort to approach a Christian standard intellectually, hygienically, What possibilities of good and that and morally has ~en abundantly evi- of the highest are not infolded within denced by the increasing number of the high moral and Christian training Mussulman youth attending Christian of the schools and the press estabschools in Constantinople, in Cairo, in lished among Mussulman peoples by Beirut, in Tabriz, Teheran, and all Christians of the West and now welover India; by the rapidly increasing comed by those peoples. circulation of the Bible and of Christian literature among Mohammedans What, then, and how much has been and by the crowding of our hospitals accomplished in our response to the with Mussulman patients. On the invitation and welcome extended by part of all these there is a cordiality, Mohammedans to Christians of the a gratitude, a manifestation of frater- West ? We will make no boast connal feeling quite as marked as is found cerning the purely material benefits among profest Christians. Examples conferred by Christians upon Mohamof what is here stated could be given medans in the later years. They which would swell this brief paper into themselves make much of this. Some a large volume. results of this contact between the East and the West has more than ma- Observe that all this is new in the terial worth. But if this were all, we history and experience of Mussulman have done little of real and permanent peoples. That it is profoundly signifi- value in relation to our fellow men as cant, who can doubt? That in Tur- spiritual or even as moral beings. key, till July, 1908, all this accumulating influence of Christian upon Mo- But when we consider what is inhammedan was altogether outside of volved in the third class of influences anything resembling a propagandist mentioned, which are welcomed by movement, that the approach has been an liberal and enlightened Mohammefrom Moslem to Christian adds great- dans, the value of the influence is imly to its significance and value. mensely increased.

In the class of eight, two boys and Waive for the moment the purely six girls, graduating last year from a intellectual uplift which Western edu-

1910J A MOSLEM INVITATION AND A CHRISTIAN RESPONSE

cation brings to Mussulman peoples. hardly for a Christian to enter the lists Estimate, if you can, the significance in refutation of this interpretation, of the moral training which we are in- even tho it necessitates the sealing up vited to bring to Moslems. There are of many specific commands Qf the many excellent moral precepts in the Koran and an ignoring of the whole Koran, but there are other teach- history of Islam. The welcoming of ings, "revelations" called out by the Christian civilization and education by moral degeneracy of Mohammed's Moslem peoples wiII produce sur- later life, which have profoundly and prizing results. Give to Mussulman balefulIy influenced the devotees of children of this and coming genera- Islam for almost thirteen hundred tions the ethical teachings of Christ's years. The significance of this in- "Sermon on the Mount," as· the foun- fluence is seen in the necessity under dation on which to build their charac- which the most intelIigent Mohamme- ters, and then fraternity will be neither dans feel themselves placed to resent spasmodic nor superficial. And then Christian criticism of Mohammed's a religion of creed and form disso- moral lapses, or to apologize for them ciated from life and conduct will be a on the ground that a prophet can not thing of the past, and the great err, and also by completely divorcing dynamic of the personality of Jesus religion from life, and that both theo- will demonstrate its attractive and retically and practically. In the light saving power. of the life and teaching of Jesus, where true religion and true life are identi- II. Our Invitation to Mohammedans and fied, it is monstrous to claim that a man may be at once a favorite of the Their Response Most High and a sensualist and merciless to his enemies. What is this invitation? In one word it is an invitation to accept Jesus Events like those of April, 1908, at Christ alone as revealer of God and and near Adana, and like those which Savior of men. took place all over Turkey in 1895-96, are entirely in accord with specific The response made to this invitaprecepts found in the Koran and with tion by the overwhelming mass of the "prophetic" example, and will recur 230,000,000 of Mohammedans in the whenever religious fanaticism sets world is an indignant, or contemptuous aflame the ferocity and cupidity of or blind refusal. "Christianity is for faithful Mohammedans, provided you," they say, "and Islam is for us. .there be the incentive of a permission Ours is the later, the final revelation given by their acknowledged Kalif of God to men. It is the perfect rewith an armed force behind him, and ligion. We accept the Tevrat, the with the hope of plunder and political Tebour and the Injil. We now ask gain before them. you to accept the Koran. Do you suppose we will throw that aside and Islam and the Koran have recently accept only the other three as you do? been authoritatively interpreted as God forbid!" favorable to constitutional government and to equality of Christian and In what way are we to meet and Mohammedan under the law. It is overcome this repulsion? How are we first to gain a hearing for Christ's message, and then to secure the ac-

ceptance of the priceless boon Christ and love united, before Moslem eyes, offers to men. and that sort of crusade will soon draw devotees of Islam-sooner than I. Unquestionably, first of all, by it will draw heathen peoples-into a making the Christian life irresistibly real brotherhood, all alike children of winning. True, Mohammedans act- one Father, with one head, Jesus ually separate religion from life; but, Christ. To the invitation so given all the same, none anywhere are more those Christians in Moslem lands who quick to appreciate the charm, none are accustomed to look below the surmore ready to respond to the winning face of life around them note the repower of pure and unselfish living sponse of acceptance, wide-spread and than those acquaintances one forms real, if far from general. Indeed, the among Mussulman peoples. opinion is ventured that in Turkey, where the chronicled results of mis- It is not the doctrine of the trinity sionary effort are mainly found among which has kept Mohammedans from the Christian races, those results becoming Christians. It is the un- which do not lend themselves to lovely character and conduct of the statistical statement, but are far-reach- Christians they have known all ing and full of promise for the future, through the centuries which has are found more among Mussulman closed and barred their hearts against than among Christian races. Christ. 2. The missionary among Moham- No contrast in the moral world is medans should invite those whose conceivably greater than that between friendship he has gained to study the the life of Christ and the later life of New Testament and also Church his- Mohammed. The one great mission tory with his personal assistance. of the Christian world is to hold Christ Without such assistance intelligently, before Moslem eyes. The person of systematically . and sympathetically Christ as revealed to us in the gos- rendered, any Mussulman inquirer is pels, this simply and alone, taught sure to go wrong. It is on the basis and lived by Christians, is our fra- of such study alone that discussion ternal invitation to the Mussulman of Christian doctrine can be fruitfuJIy world. Apparently, slight response conducted. A Moslem inquirer often, has yet been made to this invitation. in a first interview, proposes his ob- Is not the reason of this found in th~ jections to the doctrine of the trinity. fact that, till this day, the winning, Such a discussion at that time will be attractive person of Christ has been fruitless, and more probably worse hidden, caricatured even, as it has than fruitless. The Oriental mind is been presented to Mohammedans? constitutionally averse to logical and systematic procedure in investigating a Even if we do not recall the lurid subject, especially if feeling and perhistory of Europe, and take only the sonal interest enter into the result. present spectacle presented by Christendom before the Mussulman world, The advance made in recent years, how little do we see that personal even in Mohammedan countries, in power which has made Christianity physical science, tends to correct this dominant in the world! Let Chris- habit of the Oriental mind and will in tendom disarm, and exhibit, not battleships and colossal armies, but law

A MOSLEM INVITATION AND A CHRISTIAN RESPONSE

time result not only in freer religious from unfriendly eyes one's most ininquiry and discussion, but also in timate thoughts and experiences more fruitful study by Mohammedans greatly helps to keep the response to of the Bible and of the nature and his- Christ's invitation unuttered. The call tory of Christianity. The Mussu1man from the crucified and glorified Lord is already anxiously asking why it is is "Follow me and I will bestow upon that the devotees of Islam are every- you life eternal, life more abundant. where left behind in the race of life If you love me, keep my commandas compared with Christians, even ments." Love to Christ at its strongwhere, as in Turkey, Christians are est forces open confession, and imthe subject races and Mohammedans pels to that testimony which life, and are the ruling race. The inquirer is it may be death alone can seal, the reaching an answer to his question testimony that a convert remaining a which is essentially false. It is an leaven among his own people can renimportant part of the duty of the der, testimony of unique and permissionary to help him to gain a true suasive power. and right answer to his inquiry. Are there not many in every Mos- 3. It is for Christians to advance lem country who have, in their secret still further in their approach to Mo- conviction, seen the mighty contrast hammedans. It remains for them to between the person of Christ and that say in the utterance of fraternal love of Mohammed, felt the recoil of an and solicitude, "Come now, accept the honest and aspiring soul from the message of salvation made you in the duty of following their leader from gospel. Jesus the Christ is the one Arabia, and felt drawn toward the Savior of men. Follow Him, obey pure teaching and the attracting per- His commands. Receive life from sonal power of the uplifted Jesus?' Him." What will be the response to Are there not those-an increasing this invitation? There may follow, number-who see that religion which not controversy, but serious fraternal consists of a creed and of an opus consideration, under the light of operatum and permits its devotees to sacred Scripture, of history, biog- break ad libitum everyone of the raphy, reason, above all, under the commands of the second table of the convincing power of the Spirit of divine law proclaimed from Mount God; and the final result will be a full Sinai, can not be from God or lead to conviction and surrender to Jesus God? Christ. It is for us to foster this leaning of Then what? Then the great trial men, born devotees of Islam, toward comes. Mind and heart submit to one greater than Moses, one who said, Christ. But old customs, relatives, "Before Abraham was, I am," one early friends, personal interests, all who lives still and evermore. It is unite to make open confession of his for us to lead wanderers to Him who new faith by one born a Moslem as is "the Way, the Truth and the Life." near to the impossible as we can well conceive. The age-long habit of It is for us tenderly, patiently, ur- Orientals, where the social tie is gently, to repeat in Moslem ears the stronger than in the West, to conceal invitation, "Come to Jesus." The re- sponse, "If it tarry, wait for it. It

will surely come and will not tarry." before Moslem eyes, among Moslem Have we any right to doubt this? peoples, will, according to His own When the invited guests make their promise, draw all men unto Himself. excuses, and keep one another in coun- Events transpiring in the world are tenance in slighting the royal invita- hastening on this result. tion to the heavenly feast, let us not forget the hungry souls in the high- The Hearer of prayer will use-is ways and under the hedges, and let us using-His own mighty forces to asnot be discouraged if even they have sure the answer to the prayers of His to be compelled to come in and par- people. Let us not be impatient in take of the heavenly feast. The the face of difficulties, obstacles and providence of God, at work in the delays. Let us confidently commit the world, is one of the compelling forces banner we bear aloft to those who with which we cowork. The Spirit of come after us, when the evening God works on human hearts where shadows of our own lives lengthen. our dul1 eyes see men as trees walk- Victory is emblazoned on all its ample ing. Christ, the ever-living Christ, folds. To the eye of a robust faith by and through those who live Him the day of the full redemption of the Moslem world draws on apace.

FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF TANGIER Mr. Mayer Barkey has just joined the truth." In the afternoon we went Dr. Goldstein, of the Mildmay Mis- visiting with the doctor, and were resion to the Jews, in the work at Tan- ceived very nicely. While he was atgier, Morocco. He sends the fol1ow- tending to the patient I talked with ing notes. the other members of the household about their souls' needs and invited What I like is the abundance of them to our Bible classes. work to be done. The Jews seem to be !Iuite accessible and without preju- In the evening a young man came dice. They seem to be a type we do not often meet. What a blessing to be for an English lesson and r conducted able to enter freely into their houses and to gain a listening ear! I have the lesson for the doctor. We had an already begun work and will tell you interesting conversation, and as the something of my experience. young man was quite ignorant of his faith and of the Bible I asked him to On Monday morning we had about read the history of Bible characters, seventy patients. I was introduced by Abraham, Isaac, and others, write a Dr. Goldstein, and they welcomed me composition on each, and I would corvery kindly. After a little singing I rect his composition and discuss it spoke to them from John 3, about the with him. He comes twice a week. way Christ treats those who come to Him. They paid every attention to There are many opportunities, too, the words spoken, and nodded their of speaking to those who come at odd heads, as if to say, "You are telling times to see the doctor. One man seemed to have already thought about the truth in Christ, for as soon as I

IMPRESSIONS OF

began to speak to him he referred to since several families usually live to- the difficulties of confession. I quoted gether in what is called a patio, and the words of Jeremiah, "The fear of as soon as they see us they all gather man bringeth a snare," and told him around us. that his words showed lack of confidence in God to help us in difficul- In another house where two families ties. live together, a statement that I was a converted Jew led to a long conver- There were twenty-one at the Wed- sation on the Scriptures. They said nesday evening class. It was a pleas- at once, "You will never make us beure to see the interest and attention lieve that the Messiah has come and of the people. They sang very heart- convert us." I replied that I was sure ily and listened most attentively. At that I could not, but that God was the end of the meeting they thanked able. They contradicted me vigorus very much, an unusual thing for ously the first time, but still they were Jews, and they promised to come regu- interested in what I said and asked larly. me to call again. The second time there was less contradiction, and they I am thoroughly enjoying the work, seemed to think there was much truth and am finding more to do than I have in what I said. They asked for a time for. Nearly all the families I Bible, and when I took it to them I have called on want me to go again, had to spend another hour and a half. and often ask me why I have not been In fact, the people are becoming so sooner, tho I may have called the very interested that besides expressing a week before. I waste no time when I wish for frequent visits they are atvisit them, for I speak to them all the tending the meetings very regularly. time of the Gospel of Christ as the power of God unto salvation. Some- A few days ago we were all invited times they ask me to rcad to them, and into a Jewish house. An educated at others I suggest that we should young man, well acquainted with Hehave a little reading of the Bible, and brew, began to ask questions about they listen most attentively. various Bible truths. He became so interested in the explanations and the On two consecutive Saturdays a fulfilment in Christ of prophecies that man asked me to go to his house. I we spent practically all the time in went and found that he was very much speaking about them. The doctor and interested in the things of Christ. His one of the others also took part. wife, a very intelligent woman, seemed to have been brought up by devout At Passover time fewer patients Jewish parents. She can read Hebrew came to the dispensary and not much and she understands it a little. At visiting could be done. During these first she held to rabbinical Judaism; days I enjoyed talks with the patients, but when I pointed out some of its not giving them an address as usual, defects, quoting passages in Hebrew but standing among them and asking in support of what I said, she grad- questions. Little by little they were ually consented to listen to gospel brought to see their need of salvation truth. Two sisters and some neigh- and the provision God had made for bors were also listening attentively, every individual soul in Jesus Christ. an advantage we generally have here, I believe more profitable work has

been done with the few in this way bodies would give them entrance into than with the many. One day I opened the Kingdom of God, but a look of my Bible at the seventh chapter of faith at Jesus Christ and acceptance Revelation, and I felt there was a of Him as their Savior would insure message for the people in the four them salvation. By virtue of His last verses. I said to the patients it blood they could receive pardon and seemed to me a great pity that the be cleansed and made fit for heaven. Jews were taking so much trouble and spending weeks over the cleaning of I often hear Jews and Jewesses say, their houses, when they were not the "How true is all that he is reading and least concerned to cleanse their hearts, explaining to us." And sometimes which could be done so easily to the they grumble at the heavy burden the profit of their souls. I told them that rabbis have put upon them. We trust no cleaning of their houses or their that all this by the Spirit of God will bring forth fruit to everlasting life.

HINDRANCES WHICH THE SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN JAPAN PRESENT TO THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE GOSPEL * BY REV. J. G. DUNLOP A volume might be written on helps be served at meal-time. "With imand encouragements which the social placable minuteness, with ferocity of conditions in Japan present in our detail, everything was ordained for Christian work, but I have been asked him, even to the quality of his footto speak on hindrances, and this paper gear, the cost of his wife's hair-pin, will deal with hindrances only. and the price of his child's doll."

The hindrances which the social "The result was to suppress all conditions in Japan present to the ac- mental and moral differentiation, to ceptance of the gospel arise chiefly numb personality, to establish one unifrom the social organization. It is form and unchanging type of characwithout doubt the most closely-knit ter. To this day every Japanese mind communalistic system on a large scale reveals the lines of that antique mold which the world has ever seen. For by which the ancestral mind was commany hundreds of years the Japanese prest and' limited." have lived under a system by whichto quote one of Lafcadio Hearn's Hearn calls it the rule of the dead. compact sentences-"personality has "The hand of the dead was heavy, it been wholly supprest by coercion, the is heavy upon the living to-day." life of every individual being so or– dered by the will of the rest as to Of course, that was old Japan. render free action, free speaking, free Feudalism was abolished by law a genthinking out of the question." eration ago, but you can not destroy feudalism in a generation. We have Legislation and social custom in old it to-day in every family, in every pub- Japan were absolutely tyrannical. lic office, yes, in every church in this Every detail of the heimin's (com- land. In theory, the individual has maner's) existence at least was pre- become free; in practise, he is not scribed by law, from the size, form, much more free than his ancestors. No man is yet complete master, in our and cost of his dwelling down to the Western sense, of his activities, his number and quality of the dishes to time, his means. In Japan there is * A paper read before the Council of Presbyterian and Reformed Missions at Karuizawa, Japan, on August 26, 1909.

SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN JAPAN 61

still "interference extraordinary," to bars and from the officials or elders use one of Hearn's illuminating of the village or ward section of the phrases; and, to quote another, the town in which one lives that is almost power of the community for "com- incredible. Even now the only safe pulsory cooperation" is still extreme. and comfortable rule of conduct in a "Compulsory cooperation" – is not Japanese community is to act in all that suggestive of some council his- things according to local custom. The tory? We marvel at the demands that slightest divergence from rule is reare made upon us missions in this land, garded with disfavor, and privacy men and women from countries that does not exist. I often tell the ] aphave known personal and political anese in my preaching that Chrisliberty for centuries, where self-asser- tianity, if nothing else, will in time tion and self-government have never give them a different style of house been represt, personality never been to live in, for Christ said: "But thou, clipt like a hedge, restrained and when thou prayest, enter into thine pruned and clipt in a hundred ways as inner chamber, and, having shut thy in this land-I say, we marvel at these door, pray to thy Father who is in demands, but what can you expect in secret, and thy Father who seeth in a nation where the individual of every secret shall recompense thee." Smal! class is at once "coercer and coerced, chance for privacy in a land whose like an atom in a solid body, able to walls are of paper that a wet finger vibrate, indeed, but the orbit of his can easily pierce. Here everybody vibration most rigidly fixt?" knows all about everybody, and eccen- tricities and singularities are quickly How does all this hinder Christian marked and quietly supprest. There work? That needs but brief state- is restraint everywhere, from three diment. In a community where, gen- rections-from above, from one's erally speaking, no one is free, evan- equals, and from below. This last gelism can not make rapid progress. sort is not the least formidable as In the family no one is free. Mar- witness the "strikes," so called, and riage does not, as with us, mean the other troubles in Japanese schools, of foundation of a new family: it is a which a Japanese paper related lately mere incident in the history of a fam- that there have been over 2,500 altoily long established. Either the wife gether since the beginning of the or the husband becomes the adopted Meiji era, forty years ago. With child of another family. Marriage. such pressure from above, from about, signifies adoption. In either case, from below, how much personal whether the young woman goes as liberty has one to investigate freely yome (bride) or the young man as and iustly a new teaching presented yoshi (adopted son), the new bond is to him? one of bondage to a househoJd, a family with a history and traditions I was struck two days ago in hearand religious connections of many ing the annual report with the many generations, perhaps of centuries. The references to successful Sunday-school children of the new couple belong to work. Why is the Sunday-school the family, the traditional ancestral work easier than other Christian family, rather than to the father am! work? Because the children in this mother. No one is really free in the land have a freedom that no one else family. Everybody from the youngest has. With us of the West, repression to the grandfather is subject to some is strongest in the case of the child, one else or to the whole family, living but Japan reverses that. I sometimes tell the Japanese that with us the and dead. child is in tutelage but the adult is And as the individual is not free in free; while with them the child is free and the adult is in bondage. Not the family, the family is not free in merely tip to the age of school life but the community. There is in this land an amottJ.t of interference from neigh-

considerably beyond it, the child has those cities, but mostly from people a degree of liberty far greater than is from the provinces temporarily domallowed to Western children. In fact, iciled in the large cities. This is not in Japan, children are so unrestrained said in disparagement of those great and allowed to be so mischievous that preachers and pastors. Their churches a Japanese proverb says: "Nanatsu are strong churches and they are great 'J'atsl~, michibata no ana de sae mo men. But it by no means follows that, nikumu." "Even the holes by the because they have succeeded in buildroadside hate the boy of seven or ing up churches of several hundred eight years old." Later, unfortunate- members in Tokyo or Osaka, they ly, this freedom is curtailed to a tragic could do the same thing in other and fatal degree and children are places. I should like to see Mr. taken away from our Sunday-schools Demura or Mr. Miyagawa spend ten just when- they are approaching the years in the city of Takata, Echigo, or age when experience and the psychol- in Toyama, Etchu, or in Takaoka, the same province, or in some of the ogists teach us the young mind and smaller towns along the same coast. heart are most susceptible to religious In a large section of which I spoke in influences, that period of adolescence our mission the other day, where when the doors of the heart in most there are several towns of more than cases are closed to the earthly parent, 10,000 each, and numerous villages, and, if the individual is not to suffer and hundreds of thousands of people, great harm, should be opened out to where one of our mission stations has the Father in heaven. In America and for many years maintained two England, the age at which young peo- earnest evangelists, changing the men ple come most easily under religious from time to time, there has been, to conviction is between 16 and 20, and my knowledge, just one baptism in a what a blest thing it is so, that at dozen years. Nat even the greatest the time of greatest moral danger, preacher in Japan could have greatly God daims us for His own! But in influenced the adverse conditions Japan the susceptible age is after 20, there. The force of custom, oftraoften after the soul is besmirched and dition, the power of the many over bedraggled in sin. Why? Because the individual, or individuals here and in the earlier age, 16-20, the young there over the many, is still too strong people of Japan are still studying or in those communities to admit the working at home or near home. In Word of Truth. school they are in the middle school, in their own province within a few It is this fact that makes some of us miles of the tombs of their ancestors. wonder whether the time has even Later, in the high-school age, they yet come for a general advance upon have to journey to Tokyo, Kyoto, the villages of Japan-at least in the Sendai, etc., and are absent from home more backward sections of the ema year at a time, sometimes for two pire. That it must be made someor three years-and it is then first that time, and that it must be a foreign the Truth can get at them. In fact, in missionary task and can not be left to most cases, the fisher of men, if he is the Japanese church alone, we are to catch the Japanese, has to catch him ready to concede. But we realize from away from home. It is not universally our experience,. our hard, barren exso, but I venture to estimate that nine perience, not in the villages, but in the out of ten of our Christians have been towns and smaller cities, that it will be converted at a distance from the home a task calling for an immense expenrestraints. The great churches in diture of human prayers and human Tokyo, Osaka, and Kobe – Mr. tears, of human life and of golden Demura's, Mr. Miyagawa's and others treasure, and there is such a thing as -get their members, not from families beginning too soon. In the Roman that have been long established in Empire the cities were Christian long

SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN

before the country, so that the word three yen per year, have been securedfor countryman, paganus, the native it is hardly too much to say that they of the pagus or country, came to mean have been dragooned and driven into unbeliever, pagan; the dweller on the the society, many of them being people heath was the heathen. It will not be without an atom of what we ordinarily different in Japan. The great mass call philanthropy in their whole conof Japan's fifty millions are not in the stitution. When Japan contributed great cities, not in the Hokkaido, IOO,OOO yen to the San Francisco where the population is largely one earthquake sufferers a few years ago, of immigrants from the south, up- how was the money obtained ? We rooted from their old homes and freed know how such sums are obtained in from the old restraints, and among the West. They are free-will offerwhom, therefore, Christian work is ings of men and women whose hearts measurably easier. The great mass live are moved by sympathy for those who in the vill~Kes and towns and small are in trouble, but here that sum was cities where the population is com- levied on the ·nation, so much per paratively stationary, where, in large household. Even the Church in Japan measure, the same families continue raises its money much in the same way. Little is left to the will of the from generation to generation, where individual. The system of levy is everyone knows everyone else, where everywhere in operation. This is a local society has been pruned and dipt, great hindrance in the early stage of bent and bound, like those wonder- Christian work, in the stage when the fully shaped trees that you sometimes missionary has chief charge and befind in old gardens, that can not easily fore there is a body or group of Japbe trained into new shapes. anese members who can coerce-in the gentle, smooth way of Japan, but I need not give illustrations of this coerce – the individual into doing denial of liberty to the individual. Everybody engaged in Christian work what he ought. in this land knows these things, and Another of the results of the ancient knows how the work is hindered and languishes because of them. social order is an extreme formalism. The missionary or evangelist does not And as the rigid regimentation of easily come into close touch with the society in Japan has denied liberty to ] apanese individual. He is surroundthe individual, it has largely crusht ed by a whole barbed-wire entangleout spontaneity and voluntariness, the ment of formalism which is not easily very qualities that are Christ's first cut through. Dr. Gulick, in his "Evodemand of men. It is "Whosoever lution of the Japanese," has a strong shall confess me before men"; "If thou chapter on "Indirectness and Nominalshall confess"; "vVhosoever will let ity"-the )'umei mujitsu (having the him take"; "Thy people shall be will- name but not the reality) feature of ing in the day of Thy power"; "Every ] apanese life. It is a land in which one whose heart stirred him up, and emphatically things are not what they everyone whom his spirit made will- seem, a land in which you have always ing, brought Jehovah's offering"; to be looking beneath the surface to "Whosoever is of a willing heart, let get at the reality of things. The him bring it." That is the way of servant of Him who "knew all men Christianity, but it has never been the and needed not that any should tesway of Japan. Japan has perhaps the tify of man" learns in time the short largest Red Cross Society in the ways of approach to the hearts of men world, a society with a philanthropic even here, but it is only after long object and whose members might be experience and self-discipline, and supposed to have joined because they everywhere the acceptance of the goswanted to join, of their own free will ; pel is hindered by the all-prevailing but we know how that million and a formalism of the Japanese people. half of members, each paying their

In addition to lack of freedom and up of government college professors, of spontaneity and voluntariness and government college students, a few to formalism, I should charge up middle- and normal-school boys and against the old social order also a sys- girls, two or three teachers of such tem of caste, which, tho very mild in schools, several military officers, a comparison with caste in India, is still larger number of non-commissioned quite real. The same system which officers and soldiers, a number of busiordained the place of each individual ness men, a farmer or two, a blind in the family and each family in the shampooer, and some mechanics and community ordained the place of each laborers and their families. The Lord class and occupation and calling. I Jesus Christ is the only power in this heard a prominent Christian speak land that is breaking down man's sinlately of the wonderful impression he ful barriers and making a united nagot of the solidarity of the American tion of the Japanese. In their old and English peoples when he was pagan life they were strictly separated abroad last year. In Japan the school- into classes and that is their normal teacher is a school-teacher and nothing condition to-day, and that condition else. He is expected not to have any is one of the greatest barriers which interest in politics, religion, or busi- Christian work has to surmount. ness. He sets out to school in the morning with his little lunch-box un- A system which never aimed to der his armand he stays in school till train the individual for independent night. He walks the street to school thought and action, but rather for coand back. but with no contact with operative action, to fit him to occupy any other' class of the community. He an exact place in the mechanism of a is a school-teacher and nothing else. rigid society, a system whose ethics So with the official in each kind of were all involved in conformity to office, so with the doctor, and the sol- custom, has naturally little use for the dier, and the rest. Each class stands public presentation and discussion of by itself, with little contact or sym- truth. The only public speaker the pathy with the others; they are rather old order knew was the street-fakir, at cross purposes with one another. the public story-teller, the actor, or the But he found in England and Amer- singing-girl, all despised, tho as inica that the teacher could be a citizen stitutions preserved and fostered for and an enlightened man of affairs, the centuries. The preacher of the gospel, politician or the soldier could even be too, is first despised. Those who asa preacher, and the minister a pol- semble to hear him come, at first at itician and man of business, and there least, only to be amused. Their whole was a sympathy and fellowship predisposition is to treat him and his among them all, and they stood to- message with contempt. In a land gether in a way that was entirely new where no individual has been conceded in his experience of men. All that is the right to hold an opinion of his own absent here. It is hard even when or to change his opinion at will, the men have become Christians to get man who takes it upon him to advise them to mingle freely with those of men in a public place what they should other classes and occupations. Only think and do can only be regarded after years can we see such a spec- as a presumptuous impostor. Our tacle as I have often rejoiced and preachers are not taken seriously. gloried in in our older Church in Public assembly, public discussion of Kanazawa, founded by Mr. and Mrs. great subjects, is still a new thing, and Winn, and now about thirty years old, the preacher still ranks with the public where seven years ago, when I was entertainer and gets scant respect. associated in its work, it was a com- .Public teaching even by the newsmon spectacle to see over roo present papers has a hard time in this land, at worship on Lord's day-roo made where no one feels the need of being taught more than he got in his home

CONDITIONS IN

in childhood. A Shinto writer said dancing was innocent enough, but the long ago: "The Chinese, being bad whole institution of the geisha is not at heart, in spite of the teaching which innocent. I wish to see in her not a they got, were good only on the out- beauty, but a moral leper-the last vile side; so their bad acts became of such rag of Orientalism which Japan will magnitude that society was thrown be persuaded to throw into the gutter. into disorder. The Japanese, being If Japan only knew it, if she had at straightforward, could do without heart and held precious the purity of teaching." And another Shinto her youth and manhood and the happischolar, Motoori, said: "It is because ness of her womanhood, she would the Japanese were truly moral in their realize that she could better afford practise that they required no theory to parade her tens of thousands of of morals, and the fuss made by the lepers before her visitors from abroad Chinese about theoretical morals is than her tens of thousands of geisha. owing to their laxity in practise." A lady said in my hearing the other Don't you know old Samurai who day that she avoided, in her purthink just like that? If you do not, chases, art objects with pictures of I do, and there are tens of thousands geisha on them. Every true friend of of them, and they are yet, and they Japan should set his face sternly and all whom they can control will against the institution of the geisha. long continue to be, beyond our reach. She is a pernicious, impure, and cor- These men treat our message, this rupting influence in Japanese life. new teaching which is spoken by us, The extent of the misery of which she with the amused contempt with which is the cause is not generally recogthe proud Athenians listened to Paul's nized. Even the Christian teacher will message. sometimes speak of the geisha with a laugh, as if her influence in the life of One more result of the imperfect the nation, tho confessedly evil, were social organization that has persisted a negligible quantity, but thousands of for centuries in this land should be men and boys annually go astray and mentioned. Perverted and unjust are ruined because of this glaring, enideas in regard to woman's place in ticing evil in their midst. Ask the the family and in society have been the wives of middle and upper class Japan cause of much impurity and have per- about the geisha. Take your opinion petuated the evil customs of ancient of this impudent and shameless creatimes even to this day. I shall only ture of man's vice, not from the mention here the unspeakable licensed dilettante writers on the beautv and system, more prevalent in Japan than art of Japan, but from the ht;ndred in any other civilized land, and treated thousand wronged and weeping wives with a respect unknown elsewhere, and mothers of the nation's business and shall pass immediately to a kin- and professional men, officials, polidred evil. I am thinking particularly ticians, officers of army and navy, and of the institution of the geisha, the educators. Our Church in Japan, professional singing- or dancing-girl, small as it is, has had countless scanan institution as old as Herod and the dals because of the geisha. We have ancient Egyptians, not found to-day in every reason to consider the custom civilized countries of the West, but which continues to tolerate the geisha still in full favor in this Japan of the one of the inimical conditions with twentieth century. I wish to say that I never look a geisha in the face, if I which we have to contend. can avoid it. A year and a half ago, This leads me to speak in conclu- I took, at their request, a couple of lady friends from America to see the sion of another social custom which is Miyako-odori in Kyoto-and I have one of the hostile social conditions been angry with myself about it when- which Christianity has to meet. I ever I have thought of it since. The mean the ceremonial and social drink- ing of sake and other intoxicants.

There is a woful lack of temperance especially the amount of drinking is a sentiment as yet in Japan. I like to national disgrace. It has greatly intell the Japanese of the progress of creased since the war with Russia. I the temperance idea in America and have heard the regimental banquetother countries; of many States of the hall on great holidays called "the Union entirely "dry"; of vast reaches drinking-place," and that is what it is of country hundreds of miles in ex- -the banquet is a drinking-bout. Here tent where no liquor can be made or is another of the great enemies of our sold; of that banquet in Cleveland Christian work. when Mr. Taft, now President, sat down with 500 business and profes- To recapitulate: The one great sional men of that city, and not one hindrance to Christian work arising drop of liquor on the table; of that from social conditions in Japan is an magnificent demonstration in Hyde imperfect communalistic social organ- Park subsequently when 300,000 tem- ization, which tho now largely abolperance men and women marched in ished or modified by law, still persists procession through the streets of Lon- in traditional social customs centuries don to their famous park, there to be old. This organization denies indiaddrest from sixty different platforms vidual freedom; crushes spontaneity by many public men of high position, and voluntariness; produces formalincluding at least one member of the ism, and caste; and imperviousness to Cabinet, and uniting finally, to the ac- truth; and injustice to woman and companiment of roo bands of music, corresponding impurity and corruption in the singing of "Onward, Christian among men, and intemperance. All Soldiers," the favorite hymn of the these only Almighty power itself can people of England; and of the more enable the Church to overcome. than r,200 temperance periodicals in Europe, r,ooo of them being published Happily, what I have been picturing on the Continent and indicating how is a passing condition. The old order the continental nations are waking to changeth. Industrialism, commercialthe evils of their social drinking customs of the past. How far behind ism, constitutionalism, and contact and Japan is! I think we make less use competition with other nations are of the Sunday-school and of the compelling the Japanese more and Church in this regard than we might. more to give up their old communaIis- Every church should be an aggressive tic system. The people are still a haIftemperance society, every Sunday- century behind their laws, but they arc school a bright band of hope, with its catching up. We can help them-if temperance roll and at least its verbal we do not become converted to compledge taken from the scholars from munalism ourselves, if we do not give up our priceless heritage of Christian time to time. individualism, if we avoid the danger Our work is hindered, our young to which missionaries of twenty to forty years' life in this land are liable men, even Christians and inquirers, of getting the idea that even we can not do things properly here unless we also are constantly tempted, many of them get clamped in tight into the same rigid ruined, by the drinking customs of ~ystem with the long-suffering J apthis country. For a young man in anese. Our Lord has given us a more business, the sake-cup has a 'ubiquity excellent way. Let us duly esteem that is unknown in the West. Even and cherish the freedom with which school-boys at their class gatherings Christ has made us free, and try more have sake, and some are drunkards at and more to give it to this nation and sixteen or eighteen. And in the army save them from their yoke of bondage.

MISSIONS AS AN INDIAN SEES

BY REV. GILBERT L. WILSON, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

First, put aside any thought that the as a good Catholic's scapulary binds Indian had belief in the Great Spirit. him to his protecting saint. '-IVakan-tanka, Great Spirit-to borrow from the Sioux-is better trans- This may make plainer to you how lated Great Mystery. But wakan an Indian may be deeply moved by means far more to the Indian than mystery does to us. Roll into one the story of Jesus' suffering; may acword the collective meanings of our cept the cardinal principles of New terms supernatural, mysterious, Testament teaching, and yet not give strange, miraculous, holy, sacred, voo- up the philosophy of his people. How dooish, uncanny, lucky and unlucky, can he? He can not read English. and you have pretty nearly what an He knows nothing of physics; never Indian means by 'Wai?an. What can heard of the laws of gravitation. His not be explained by ordinary natural philosophy of natural things may relaw is wakan; but an Indian's knowl- main nearly as was his father's, tho he edge of ordinary natural law is scant may be earnestly trying to mold his indeed. life by what he understands of Jesus' life and teachings. Good Bird thus states Indian belief: "When a child, my father teach me all Inconsistent? In the preface to my things have spirit. Tree have spirit; Oxford Bible is a dedication to the grass have spirit; earth have spirit; "most dread sovereign" James II. animals have spirit. All these our J ames was something of a theologian. gods and we pray to them to help us, He wrote a book to show how witches and make offerings to them so they might be detected; warts and wens not forget us." These spirits spoke were teats to suckle devils. Three to men in dreams and in other ways. thousand witches were hanged in Eng- land during the sitting of the Long Such a philosophy made the medicine- Parliament; and did not our New man of importance in the tribe. With England fathers hang nineteen of drum and chant he called the gods to these unfortunate creatures? Martin listen to his prayers. Fasting and self- Luther, a most excellent man, once torture brought on delirium and threw his ink-bottle at Satan. In my visions-and the gods spake to him. church is a sweet, Christian woman These things were very real to the who will not begin sewing a gown on Indian. Friday.

When a youth went into the hills Perhaps now we can understand and fasted and tortured his body, he why Carlisle students relapse. To bedid not do these things to prove his gin with, no considerable number do courage. He was appealing to the relapse. That some do is hardly surgods. "0 gods, hear me ! You see prizing. The education given an my body painted gray, like a sick man. Indian youth is not always a well- You see how starved and weak I am. grounded one. Language, habits, ra- Pity me! Make my enemies weak- cial feeling count for much. Cen- hearted. Make their gods weak to turies of custom have developed a help them!" Fasting brought on beautiful hospitality among the In-, dream or vision; a spirit animal would dians. When one had food, all had appear to him-a bird or beast or food; when one starved, all starved. other living thing. The youth would The uncertainty of the chase made this not rest until he had killed such an necessary. The elders have always animal as he had seen in his dream; shared with the young-when there and its skin or feathers he would carry was anything to share. Shall not the about his person for the rest of his young couple who plow and keep cows life. This was his medicine. It share also with their elders? To have bound him to his protecting god just to feed all your aunts and uncles is a sad discouragement of thrift.

But there is another cause. Two When a medium by mummery and Mormon youths recently graduated darkness and trance brings messages from Yale. They were still Mormons. from the beyond, he is but the med- An education doesn't always reverse icine-man seeking revelation from the an Indian's way of thinking. To illus- spirits. trate; Minnie Enemy Heart returned from Carlisle with a fair education. There has sprung up a great church Influenced by 1 know not what-am- whose members teach that pain and bition, childhood teachings, tribal sickness are not cured by medicine. patriotism-at any rate she went into Christian Science folk do build betterthe hills, as did her fathers before her, ventilated buildings than we, and they and sought her god. In a vision Jesus teach the sick not to worry, and that appeared to her. One side of his body is good. But when a healer thinks was dark, like an Indian's; the other a patient back into health, he but was white, like a white man's. In cures as the medicine-man cures. To his white hand he held a lamb; in the be sure, the medicine-man knows the other, a little black dog. "Go back," reality of disease; but his chants and He said, "and tell your people that I drumming are prayers, and all the belong to the Indians as well as to the time he is thinking his magical power whites-that I am your Savior as well into the patient's body to drive out the as theirs. White ways are good for sick-making spirits. Also, he gives the white people, as means this lamb. In- patient a good sweat-bath and plenty dian ways are good for Indians, as of clean, cold water, and tells him to means this black dog; for do not the trust the medicine-man's magic and tribes feast upon dogs at the sacred not worry. Often the sick man gets feasts? If white men tell you to for- well. sake your ways and learn theirs, tell them to remember it was they who The old Apache warrior, Geronimo, whose death last year attracted genslew me, not the Indians!" eral attention, joined the Dutch Re- There is no reason to believe that formed Church ~ and was baptized in the summer of 1903. He attended the Minnie Enemy Heart consciously de- services regularly at the Apache Mis- sion, Fort Sill Military Reservation. ceived. The Indian has many gods. While reported as far from an exem- The white man also has his gods, and plary Christian, and still showing that one of them, Jesus, should appear some of the old traits of his wild days, to an Indian is no improbable thing. the evidences of a decided change are Eighteen converts of the Catholic mis- noteworthy. In the book, "Geronimo's sion have left to follow the new Story of His Life," we read, "Since prophetess. Our Protestant converts my life as a prisoner has begun I have are better grounded. Only four have heard the teachings of the white man's left. religion. Credulity you call this? I knew a "Believing that in a wise way it is normal-school teacher in Minnesota- good to go to church, and that in asa teacher so efficient that the school sociating with Christians would imboard of a Western city continued her prove my character, I have adopted salary for a whole year, while she re- the Christian religion. I believe that cruited from illness, just to be able the Church has helped me much during to retain her services-who could re- the short time I have been a member. member her former incarnation as an I am not ashamed to be a Christian. Egyptian. Queer how these Theoso- I have advised all my people, who are phists can remember former births in not Christians, to study that religion, North Africa with never a suggestion because it seems to me the best re- ligion in enabling one to live right." of negro reminiscence! Many white people also evidently re- lapse. It is reported that there are four miIIion Spiritualists in America.

EDITORIALS

MISSIONARY INFLUENCE IN TURKEY The influence of American mission- The work of missionaries in Tur- aries upon Mohammedans has been key, so far as measured by statis- l.nultipl~ed ma?y fold, and has gone on tics, have been chiefly among the mcreasmg m geometrical ratio adherents of the Oriental churches, through the influence of the nativ~ but the beneficent influences of that evangelical Christians that have been work have been as wide-spread and as gathered into churches and well-or- full of promise for the Turks as for ganized evangelical communities. In any other race. recent years the number of well-edu- It is true that the number of Turks cated, consecrated, evangelical preach- who have publicly embraced Chris- ers, teachers, and physicians has in- tianity is small, but the transformation creased rapidly in these communities.

wrought in the lives and surround- The missionaries are numbered by ings of the Turks is marvelous. scores, the native preachers and teach- American missionaries .are found in ers by hundreds, the faithful brethren most of its chief cities, and work out and sisters of the native churches by from these centers into the surround- thousands. Their lives, their preach- ing towns and villages. The Turks ing, in some cases their martyr death, greatly outnumber the other races of have powerfully imprest their Turkish the Empire and American missionaries neighbor~. Our hope of reaching come into close contact with all classes Turks WIth the Gospel has been, is, of the Moslem population, official and will ever be based first on God's Word unofficial. The attitude of these people an~ Spirit, and then on a witneSSing towards Christians has undergone a native church, and a consecrated, mis- marvelous change. sionary, native ministry.

Aside from direct proselytizing ef- The same writer goes on to say: fort, American missionaries have al- "The recent political change and the ways included the Turks among those new era of freedom has influenced for whose welfare they are to work. the relations of missionaries to Mo- They have welcomed Turks to their hammedans in the following important schools, their hospitals, their chapels, ways-(a) The avenues of influence and the welcome has often met with specified above as already open, have a cordial response. A writer in been more freely entered by Turks.

"Blessed be Egypt," says: "The wall There is a large increase in the num- of prejudice which existed eighty ber of Turkish pupils entering the years ago is, for a large and increas- schools and colleges of the mission- ing number of Turks, as flat as the aries. (b) Many more Turks come walls of Jericho at the end of the to public religious services than for- seven days' Israelite march. Mission- mer!y. ( c) Personal religious contac( aries and other Protestants were once with Turks is much more facile. In denounced as without religion. That fact, free religious inquiry exists time is past. Once American mis- among Turks far more than ever be- sionaries were believed to foster sedi- fore. (d) American missionaries use tion among Armenians. That charge every possible influence through the has been lived down." Press, through schools, through per- Turks have taken American schools sonal touch, to stem the tide of revolt and school-books as their models in from all religion, a tide which, among educating their children. Turkish profest Mohammedans, has set in peasants are the grateful recipients of strong in recent years."

relief at the hands of missionaries in Among the foremost influences time of famine, plague, and war. Turks which contribute to make present share the benefit of hospital care in changes in Turkey real progress for- sickness; many thousands of them read ward, and upward, morally, educa- the Christian Bible and other books tionally, socially, and spiritually, the issued from our Press. results of the work of American mis-

sionaries as seen in the institutions use even by the most mature Chris- they have established, and especially tians? They also sang the same in the roo,ooo native evangelical hymns to the same tunes, tho in dif- Christians in the Empire, stand second ferent languages. Verily, "Multi ter- to none. These men, at least, natives ricolis lingui,· celestibus, una." Then and foreigners alike, sincerely and the Hottentots made a voluntary conalways, are champions of liberty, jus- tribution to help pay the costs of their tice, equality, fraternity, and a pure voyage, and knelt on the beach com- Christianity. mending them to God. And these were the Hottentot "dogs" and Malagasy Missionaries may, at times, have "asses t" How soon and strangely been too fearful of persecution and they had developed into Christian men opposition in Turkey, but their wisdom, perseverance, courage and tact and women! have been instrumental in giving them When these fugitives reached Enga wide-spread opportunity for seedsowing in Turkey, and there is prom- land, in May, 1839, they wrote a letise of a rich harvest. ter to their suffering feIlow disciples at home, which for beauty and purity A BIBLE CONVERSATION of Christian sentiment might have graced the pen of Paul, the apostolic Few, if any, incidents in mission his- writer of epistles. For three years tory are in their way more pathetic- they stayed on British shores, winally beautiful than the following, ning universal esteem and love, and which, so f.ar as we know, is unique furnishing an unanswerable proof of and solitary. It is one of the beauti- the reality of the Gospel. When, in ful fragments in the wonderful story r842, they returned to Mauritius, their of Madagascar, and it reads like a mission station at Moka became the romance of apostolic times. asylum for other fugitives from per- secutions at Madagascar. In r839 some fugitives, on their way to England, stopping at Port Eliza- SWEDISH LUTHERANS IN THE beth, in South Africa, met with fel- UNITED STATES low converts. Unable to communicate by a common language with these con- In the June REVIEW (page 469), the verted Hottentots, their Bibles became number of Lutherans in the United actually the vehicles of converse. The States that use the Swedish tongue is Malagasy and Hottentots, turning to given as 150,000. A Lutheran pastor the same passages in their respective thinks a cipher must have been dropt translations of the Word, in this way and this should read 1,500,000, for in made known to each other their senti- the country about 2,000,000 Swedish ments and exchanged thought. For Americans find a home, most of whom example, the Hottentot disciples claim to be Lutherans. One synod pointed to Ephesians 2:2: "Among numbers 250,000, mostly Swedes, and whom we all had our conversation in has celebrated its semi-centennial in time past," etc. The Malagasy dis- Rock Island, Ill. It has a dozen colciples responded by Ephesians 2: 14, leges and one seminary, with over IS: "For He is our peace who hath 3,000 students. Their home-missio.n made both/one, and hath broken down work covers the continent, and their the middle wall of partition"; and by foreign works China, India, Japan, Gal. 3 :28: "Ye are all one in Christ and Porto Rico. Jesus." Again, the Hottentots pointed to John 16 :33: "In the world ye s~al1 THE BIBLE ITS OWN WITNESS have tribulation." The Hovas rephed by opening to Rom. 8 :35: "Who shall The Bible is the great weapon of separate us from the love of Christ? Shall tribulation?" etc. When was the Christian worker in his warfare ever the Bible put to a more beautiful against evil. F. Stanley Arnot, of Af- arilcoau,d says that if they r enaadtitvhees:Bi"bIle5 and then a sk th e

it not God's book?" the reply is: "Yes, telling of a personage of whom they that must be God's Word, for no had never before heard. As they read, white man ever knew so much about they had come to the conviction that us." He was Israel's Messiah. From that day, said the rabbi, their prayers to the Not only the blacks in Africa need God of Israel should go up in the name conversion, but there are also the of Messiah]esus. European immigrants. When Mr. Arnot was at a big DutCh trading- THE CLAIMS OF THE PAPAL house at Benguella, thirty or forty Europeans had met for a commercial PRIESTHOOD conference. A Dutchman at the head In a book by St. Alphonsus d~ of the table said: "The Bible is not believed in now. Liguori, doctor of the Roman Church I know all about it." His father was on "Dignity and Duties of the Priest' a worthy minister in the Dutch Re- or Selva," on page 31, is this state~ formed Church. ment: Mr. Arnot replied, "I shall be glad "The power of the priest surpasses to prove to all of you that the Bible is true. Allow me to fetch mine." He that of the blest Virgin Mary, for asked the man to mention what portion was untrue. altho this divine mother can pray fa; "Oh," said he, "it is so long since I us, and by her prayers obtain whatleft home that I don't remember. You read, and I'll tell you." ever she wishes, yet she can not ab- Mr. Arnot began to read the first solve a Christian from even the small- chapter of Romans, solemnly. When est sin! 'The blest virgin was emihe had finished, there were only six men left, and the man at the head of nently more perfect than the apostles !' the table drew his slouched hat from under his chair, and muttering that says Innocent III, 'it was, however, there was a nigger calling him, stole out. There was no nigger. But that not to her but only to the apostles, that was the last of the discussion that was to prove the Bible untrue. the Lord intrusted the keys of the Another striking incident is that of Kingdom of Heaven!' the experience of Rev. Mr. Reichardt, missionary to the Jews at Cairo, who "The priest may, in a certain manalso kept a Bible Society depot. One day he received a visit from .a company ner, be called the creator of his of Jews belonging to a remote Arabian oasis. Their people had heard of the Creator, since by saying the words of shop in Cairo where the Book of God might be obtained, and they came for consecration, he creates, agsiviint gwHeire~ copies of the Hebrew Old Testament. Jesus in the sacrament, by With earnest prayer, but without a word to man, the missionary placed in a sacramental existence, and produces the box also a copy of the New Testament in Hebrew. In a year or two Him as a victim to be offered to the arrived another deputation with a letter from the rabbi of the community, eternal Father. As in creating the expressing thankfulness for the beautiful copies of the Law and the world it was sufficient for God to have Prophets; and adding words of heartfelt gratitude for the other volume, said, 'Let it be made,' and it was which they had never previously seen, created-'He spoke, and they were made'-so it is sufficient for the priest to say, 'Hoc est corpus meum/ and be- hold the bread is no longer bread, but the body of Jesus Christ."

Again, in the same chapter we read: "The priest holds the place of the Savior himself, when, by saying, 'Ego te absolvo,' he absolves from sin. How great should be our wonder if we saw a person invested with the power of changing a negro into a white man; but the priest does what is far more wonderful, for by saying 'Ego te ab- solvo' he changes the sinner from an enemy into the friend of God, and from the slave of hell into an heir of paradise."

Again: "According to St. Am- dipping an oar into the sea, until the brose, a priest, in absolving a sinner, last Sunday service closes at 8.30 P.M. performs the very office of the Holy Here is a community that comes as Ghost in the sanctification of souls. near living a consistent Christian life, St. Clement had reason to say that the loving each other, caring for the poor priest is, as it were, .a God on earth. and nursing the sick, as any other Innocent III has written: 'Indeed, it community anywhere. is not too much to say that in view of the sublimity of their offices the There is one church only, "The priests are so many gods.' Were the Christian Church of Metlakahtla," Redeemer to descend into a church, and it belongs to no sect, strictly unand sit in a confessional to administer denominational, unsectarian, evanthe sacrament of penance, and a priest gelical. But one banner is lifted to sit in another confessional, Jesus there-the banner of Christ. There would say over each penitent, 'Ego te are no divisions among them. Three absolvo,' the priest would likewise say times a day are the Sunday services over each of his penitents, 'Ego te ab- held-always with primitive simplicity, salvo,' and the penitents of each would singing, praying, Biblical preaching, be equally absolved." together making up the whole service of worship, with the least possible ap- The Converted Catholic remarks .proach to ritual, but all reverent and that these utterances of one of the spiritual. Even a closing hymn is highest authorities of the Roman avoided as perhaps tending to dissipate Church show that not only does the impressions made by the Word. Pope arrogate to himself the attributes of the Almighty in claiming to be in- "ALL AT IT" fallible, but that each and every priest is placed by the Church on an equality David Barron, of London, illuswith Jesus Christ-a doctrine taught trates the duty of all Christians to be in the parochial schools of the Roman at work by telling of the levy en masse Catholic Church, in the confessional, in France in 1793, when that country in the administration of the sacraments was invaded by all or nearly all the and in the other relations of priests other nations of Europe. All France and people. was summoned by its rulers to arise, the young men to bear, and the mar- A MODEL MISSIONARY COMMUNITY ried men to forge arms, the old men to utter words of wisdom, the women One needs only to visit William to work on tents and uniforms, the Duncan's MetIakahtla in Alaska to children to scrape lint. realize the possibilities, even in this world of a model state, when men are EVOLUTION AND HUMANITY content to build according to the pattern showed on the Mount. Here The late Prof. Goldwin Smith's repeace and happiness reign supreme. mark to the students of Cornell U ni- Not a glass of intoxicating drink can versity are very significant. be had for love or money. Not even a pipe or cigar is ever seen within its "Let the evolutionists remember limits except as brought by tourists. two things: First, that evolution can One never hears God's name taken in not have evolved itself; second, that vain, nor any profane word. When unlike the brutes, humanity advances, Sunday comes, Sabbath stillness rests and we can not tell what the end will over the village; no unnecessary work be; whether it may not be the final is done, even to lifting an ax to chop ascendency of the spiritual over the kindling or carry a pail of water, or material in man. Man, let the evolu- tionists remember, advances and rises. The beast does not." AMERICA quisite to a successful evangelization of the world. The increase of mis- A Wit on Missionary Giving sionary knowledge and the eagerness for service resulting has been of in- Robert J. Burdette has recently calculable value. Plans are now on said: for a regular graded course that will undoubtedly serve to a still larger "There is about as much reason why comprehension of the great work of the pastor should urge upon the flock spreading the gospel to the uttermost the great importance of cordial and regions. From this period of culture generous support of missions, as there we can confidently look for a greater is for the mother to impress upon the movement into the world of achievefather this week, and next week, and ment. We are in this second stage of the week after that, the fact that the the missionary movement when the children need shoes. A man may subject has been made the theme of have seven children to make him many study circles-when Epworth proud and happy and strong, and yet Leagues, Christian Endeavor Sohe is always astonished when it is an- cieties, Young People's Missionary nounced that one of them needs organizations, and even higher instianother pair of shoes. It is much the tutions of learning have applied themsame with home missions. When the selves to a practical consideration of pastor announces the offering for mis-. the field and its needs. sions for the current year, astonishment answers with its staccato, Outcome of the Laymen's Movement , What! Again!' Then the usual pause, as tho to recover from the The secretary of the Laymen's shock, and then the accusing ques- Missionary Movement in Canada, on tion, 'What did you do with the offer- his return from the Chicago congress, ing I gave you last year?' Well, made a compilation of the gifts for motherlike, I must confess; we spent missions in 1907 and in 1909 by the it for missions. different con1l11unions in Canada as follows: Anglican, $252,910 in 1907, "Now we want more shoes for our $328,387 in I909; Baptist, $206,703, own children. We want 'more' this $262,009; Congregationalist, $10,282, year than we did last, because, thank $15,954; Methodist, $50~M09, $633,- God, there are more children. 'Why 753; Presbyterian, $472 ,075, $665,966. can't the younger children wear the This makes a total of $1.451,079 for outgrown shoes of the elder ones?' 1907, against a total of $1,906,069 for Because-again I thank God-our 1909, or an increase of nearly onemissions do not crawl around and out- third in two years. grow their shoes. A religion that sits still long enough to outgrow its clothes Jewish Revised Yersion of the Bible has also outgrown itself and its life, and has need of nothing but a long, For some time American Jews, esdeep, dark, lonely, unresurrectable pecially the Central Conference of grave. Missions never outgrow any American Rabbis and the Union of of their clothes. They hustle around American Hebrew Congregations (the and wear them out." two representative organizations of reform Jews) have been diligently Young People's Mill8ionary Movement preparing a revised version of the Old Testament in the English language. There are two directions in which The new translation has been almost the Young People's Missionary Move- finished and an appeal for funds has ment has, in the few years it has been been sent out from Cincinnati, the a force, made its influence felt. It has headquarters of Reform Judaism, for gathered the young men and women its publication. The appeal states, of our churches into groups for in- "Christians are expending millions of telligent study of the field of missions, dollars annually for the publication the problems involved, and the intellectual and spiritual equipment reand distribution of the Bible. Surely, Alaska and Labrador vary their mowe Jews, whose ancestors gave man- notonous diet of fish and blubber with kind its greatest Book, should be eager tinned meats from Chicago and Kanto engage in similar work. A large sas City; if the natives of Equatoria sum of money is required to publish insist on buying cotton-sheeting that the new translation of the Bible is stamped 'American' and will take properly. The Jews of the United no other, our merchants and manu- States are being called upon to supply facturers, instead of praising the conthe funds." sul or commercial traveler, may thank the American missionary," An earlier appeal brought a considerable number of responses ranging A Model Wealthy City Church from $5 to $25 each, but the undertaking calls for more liberal support St. Bartholomew's Protestant Episthan it received in answer to it. ,Each copal. parish has completed its $130,- subscriber to the fund will receive a 000 Improvements that were started copy of the new translation. after it was decided that the church should remain in its present location. Home Missions Still Needed Serious consideration was given a year ago to a change. That which The Congregationalist tells of a brought about the decision to stay was Methodist minister who, in making a the need for a place of worship here, journey of 52 miles through eastern where center large hotels and where Tennessee into Kentucky, passed 19 for many years at least will be the towns in which his denomination had heart of the borough. The improveno work, but, more significant still, in ments consist of the new rectory in many of which "there is no church of Thirty-eighth street, already altered any kind," and says: "Add this item and into which the rector has moved, to the similar 133 discovered in Colo- and the change of the old rectory adrado and over 40 in Illinois, and we joining the church on the south into shall begin to think there is actually a parish building. This building has need for some more home mission- on its first floor a chapel that is to be aries." used for Sunday-school purposes, a mortuary chapel, and chofr-rooms. On Jews Flocking to Winnipeg the second are rooms for meetings of parish organizations, and above are There are 13 Jewish synagogs III clergy offices. Winnipeg. This is owing, not so much to the extent of the Jewish popu- Slav Missions in Chical(o lation as to the variety of nationalities represented, each havipg its own place The Chicago Tract Society has its of worship. There are 10,000 Jews largest work among the Slavic immithere, only about one-fourth as many grants and other peoples of foreign as in Montreal, but they have more speech. The field of labor of this desynagogs, Besides those attending partment has expanded far beyond these synagogs, it is said that many Chicago and even out of the State of Jews have lapsed from their own faith. Illinois, and last year reached "from Many bearing Jewish names have no the great Bohemian colonies of Texas religious connection with the Jews. on the south to those of the Swedes and Finlanders of Manitoba and Al- By-products of Missions berta on the north." Of the nearly 80 missionaries who have served the so- Mr. F. A. Powell, late of the United ciety during the twenty years of its States consulate in the Ottoman do- operation, 25 have been employed durminion, in Everybodis Magazine, has ing the past year; and they speak in this to say as to the "by-products" of 23 languages. missionary toil: "If the clatter of American harvesters is heard to-dav from one end of Asia Minor to the other; if the Eskimo of Greenland and Jubilee of Woman's Work ization of about 560,000,000 of peo- ple in the non-Christian world. This The year 19IO is the year of jubi- will require the quadrupling of our lee for organized work in foreign mis- present force of missionaries and a sions. The first women's society in corresponding increase in contributhis country was organized in 1860, tions from approximately $II,OOO,OOO with Mrs. Doremus as president, and last year to about $45,000,000 anentitled "Women's Union Missionary nually. As we spend over $300,000,- Society of America for Heathen 000 annually for religious purposes in Lands." The first woman in all the our own country, one-sixth of this world, fully equipped as medical mis- amount to reach a population equal to sionary to women and children in non- six times that of the United States is Christian lands was Miss Clara Swain, surely a conservative estimate of our of New York, who was sent to India financial responsibility. in 1869.

Our Polyglot Population Bible Study Among Student.

According to the New York Chris- According to The Century: "In tian Advocate, 41 languages are used West Point, tho the cadets have but in church services in America, inclu- forty-five minutes a day to themselves, ding Arabic, Armenian, Chinese, Es- yet 260 of them meet weekly for thonian, Gaelic, Modern Syriac, Let- prayer and study of the Word. In the tish, Montenegrin, Wendish and Yid- United States and Canada, in 539 edudish. The Bible societies furnish all cational institutions, 32,259 college Christian communions with the men now belong to voluntary Bible Scriptures in their own tongue; 77 classes." denominations have German-speaking churches, 25 American-Indian, 22 Nor- Mr. Bryan in Brazil wegian, 21 Swedish and 13 Italian. German also leads in membership, A missionary writes horne that "the 3,601,943, followed by I<rench with most interesting thing about Mr. 1,160,420, and Italian with 938,994. Bryan's visit was the brave way in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Pennsyl- which he stood for all that is best in vania have the largest number of positive and aggressive Christianity. churches and other religious organiza- The first thing he did in S. Paulo, aftions using foreign languages exclu- ter getting his dinner late in the evesively. New York reports 27 lan- ning, was to go to the Y. M. C. A. guages used in her churches; Penn- rooms and deliver an address and hold sylvania, 28; Illinois, 26, and Ohio, 24, an informal reception. In Rio, he while three States-South Carolina, made an address at the Y. M. C. A., Georgia and Kentucky-report only spoke at the M. E. Church where 3 languages, and seventeen other there is an English-speaking congre- States less than IO. gation of worshipers, visited the Cen- tral Mis::lOn for the sailors and for the Our Share of Wodd-work poorer classes in a destitute part of the great city, and made it clear to all that It took one hundred years of mod- he was first of all a Christian man, a ern missionary effort to win the first servant of the God of nations. I dare million converts. We passed the mil- say Mr. Bryan would not agree with lion mark in 1896. It only took the lady who, after a residence of twelve years to win the second mil- many months in Rio, had been unable lion. For the past two years we have to find .any results of Protestant misbeen winning them at the rate of a sion work in the city. He had found million in six years. large results of such work before he had been there twenty-four hours, but The fair share of the United States in this, as in many other things, men in the solution of the missionary find what they look for." problem is to provide for the evangel- British Guiana aa a Mission Field Churches planted and prospering among the hundreds of nations, tribes, and com- Seventy years ago British Guiana munities on the world's surface? Where was practically a Christian country. would have been the ten thousand phil- The superstitions of the aborigines re- anthropic institutions of Godlike charmained, as did some of those imported acter? Where would have been those from Africa in the dark days of homes which, with outstretched loving slavery; but the majority of the people arms, embrace every conceivable state of had been Christianized, and Christian- suffering? All this came from the love ity was the only recognized religion. of Christ, who while on earth was in To-day about half the population are earnest to commence and carryon these followers of non-Christian religions. greatest of all triumphs, because they This is due to the system of State im- are eternal. Heaven is still in earnest, migration which was inaugurated af- and responding to the Macedonian cry. ter the abolition of slavery. When the slaves had been emancipated and the o how it stirs the soul to the center traffic in human lives stopt it was found necessary, in order to secure a that while we are enjoying the light of reliable supply of labor for the sugar heaven shining on the eternal regions of plantations to introduce laborers from glory, aye, and of wo, there are daily other countries, and since r845 there thousands perishing for lack of that has been a regular inflow of inden- knowledge. tured coolies from India. Some of these have returned to their native Altho I have been instant in missionland after their term of service has ex- ary work since 1816, I still feel all alive pired, but the majority have elected to to the interests of the Redeemer, and, remain, and to-day the number of had it not been for an overtaxed brain East Indians equals that of all the from giving the natives the Bible in their other races in this many-peopled own language, I should still have been colony combined. Many have become there. landed proprietors. Children of former indentured laborers are found Her Gift Saved Livingstone filling responsible positions in the colonv. Some are wealthy merchants, The Rev. F. B. Meyer, in showing and others have found their way into how life is linked with life in influence the learned professions. With the im- for good in work for the world, said: migration system there were intro- "Vhen Livingstone went to Africa duced into British Guiana the tO there was a Scotch woman named great religions of India, Hinduism an( 1 Mrs. MacRobert, quite advanced in Mohammedanism, and to-day, near by life, who had saved up thirty pounds, the Christian place of worship, stands which she gave to the great missionthe Hindu temple or the Mohammedan ary, saying: 'When you go to Africa, I want you to spare yourself exposure mosque. and needless toil by hiring some com- petent body-servant who will go with EUROPE you wherever you go and share your sacrifices and exposures.' With that Moffat's Estimate of Missions money he hired his faithful servant known as Sebalwe. When the lion The British Weekly has recently had thrown Livingstone down and printed a hitherto unpublished letter crtlsht the bones of his left arm, and of Robe1,"t Moffat, written after his was about to destroy him, this man, final retirement from the Dark Conti- seeing his critical condition, drew off nent, and in r879. In the closing por- the attention of the lion to himself, tion he says: thinking that he would save his mas- ter at the cost of his own life. The I often think what would the world, lion sprang at him, but just at that had as much of it is, have been but for moment the guns of other companions proclamation of the everlasting Gospel. brought him down, and Livingstone's Where would have been the hundreds of life was prolonged for thirty years. cannibal islands in the South Seas, now Surely that noble Scotch woman, as Christianized? Where the thousands of well as the servant, should be credited with some, at least, of the results of the noble devotion of that .great mis- sionary." And the Cale of Spain ia No Better tine have had high ideals as to im- provements. The new government The Bulletin Trimestriel of the was expected to immediately reform French Bible Society calls attention to all abuses and to introduce ameliorated the fact that the Spanish pastor, Rod- conditions of life generally. . . . In riguez, has been in prison for two one direction only have the people months for distributing Bibles and for themselves attempted improvement, having attended the funeral of a little and that is in the line of education. In child whose parents had become Prot- Jerusalem a number of the natives, estant. The High Court upheld the both Moslem and Christian, have decision. With Pastor Rodriguez, his united together to open a non-sectarian brother, a Protestant school-teacher, day-school. The secular subjects are and the mayor of Avinet were also taught from Monday to Friday, Satsent to prison. The jail in which they urday is reserved for the religious inwere incarcerated has been pro- struction, which is to be given by a nounced utterly uninhabitable. Mme. teacher sent by the religious body to Rodriguez writes: which the pupil belongs, and Sunday, not Friday, is the weekly holiday. "Five prisoners are shut up in a Holidays are given for both Christian little room. The heat is tropical. and Moslem feasts."-C. M. S. Ga- Want of air, vermin and evil odors zette. make the place insupportable. Fifteen days before his imprisonment my hus- A Connl on Miuionariea band was in the doctor's hands for rheumatic fever. Pray for us who are Consul Powells is a prominent memsuffering for Christ's cause." ber of the American consular service in the Turkish Empire, a man of af- Salvation Army Still Campaigning fairs, and a traveled and experienced politician, and he is also familiar with The result of the Salvation Army every side and every result of Chrisself-denial week is i69,034. Altho tian missions in different parts of the this represents a failure to "smash the world. A short time ago he pubtarget," the General is quite satisfied lished a remarkable article on "The with it in view of the many difficulties Romance of the Missionary" declaring in the way. The total is iS7 below that "commerce, geography, and civlast year's result. The result in the ilization alike owe the missionary a London area is again encouraging, debt which they can never hope to reshowing an increase on last year of pay." He demands praise for the nearly ir,ooo; and other important ad- American missionaries who have vances are in Manchester, Glasgow, spread our mercantile influence and Newcastle, and. Southampton. South who have marched in the very van of Wales has fallen off considerably, ow- history and gradually raised the physing, no doubt, to the possibility of a ical, social, and moral standards of great coal strike. "But," says the whole countries, doing the work of General, in his message of thanks, education, relief, sanitation, healing, "who cares for a walkover?" and moral reform most widely, rapidly and thoroughly. He affirms ASIA that the hard-headed men doing busi- ness in foreign lands, men with scant Moslems and Christians Study Together sympathy for preachers and the like, welcome the missionary as a power for Mr. F. T. Ellis; headmaster of practical good, and he cites the case of Bishop Gobat School, Jerusalem, says the worldly and irreligious British that it is remarkable to see the friendly lumber-dealer in India who gave the way in which Moslems, Jews and Y. M. C. A. $100,000, because its in- Christians fraternize as compared with fluence had changed the habits of his their former attitude to one another. employees, introduced honesty, so- "On account of important political changes that have taken place in the Turkish Empire the people of Palesbriety, and fidelity, and built up his CHINA business interests. Queer Ways on Chinese Railways Mr. Powells' article is a strong testimony to the secular value of mis- A correspondent of the London sions and to the courage, ability, con- Times recently reported that on one secration, and hard practical sense of railway the trains have not one native the men and women who have conse- conductor, but a band of three-a by crated their lives to the preaching of no means effective protection against the Gospel to the heathen. It con- ·'squeezing." Then the passenger detains a wonderful list of nearly a score siring to purchase a ticket finds every of men whose "prayer-book and Bible difficulty put in his way: while he joins have proved more powerful than the the crowd that is crushing outside the rifle and the machine-gun," and thus booking-office clamorous for tickets, it makes good reading for those who the ticket-clerk is chatting pleasantly are not taking much interest in for- with half a dozen of his friends behind eign missions. the closed window. The greatest diffi- culty the management has to contend The Power of a Parable with is the petty pilfering and the nightly thefts of ring-bolts and plates The parable of the Prodigal Son ap- from the line; no less than 60,000 peals to the Arab mind. Colporteur bolts per month and IO,OOO plates per Bouin, in the province of Constantine, annum are stolen from the Pekingstates that "it is the parable of the Hankow Railway. What is the mo- Prodigal Son that interests them so tive? To make hoes and plowshares, much. When once they have read and even scissors and razors, the steel that parable, they immediately buy the being much superior to the native book." Similar testimony is given by product. And what is the penalty? Colporteur Rolot, who spends most of There is none. No law has been found his time in the province of Algiers. in the ancient archives to meet the "In the market-place I showed the theft of screw-bolts, and therefore parable of the Prodigal Son to an malefactors escape unscathed, tho the Arab, and asked him to read it. He police know where the plunder is did so with great delight, but I could stored! not persuade him to buy a gospel. A little while afterward another group Shanghai, a Miuionary Center of Arabs was examining my books. Turning round I saw this same man, Rev. V. S. Myers writes, of Shangand again offered him a gospel. 'Show hai, that as a business center this city me again the story which I read,' he is probably the second largest in the replied. I did so. He read it once East. Hongkong surpasses it in the more, weighed the gospel in his hands, tonnage of the vessels which enter it, examined it on every side, smelt it, but probably no other port. It is also and then decided to b~y it." the headquarters in China for at least twenty missionary societies, including Colporteur Bouin reports· that in Bible and tract societies, Y. M. C. A., many of the villages he found great Y. W. C. A., etc. The representatives poverty. Some villagers did not even of all these societies are joined in possess the 10 centimes (rd) neces- the Shanghai Missionary Association, sary to purchase a single gospel. In which meets monthly for mental stimseveral instances they paid in small ulus, social intercourse, etc. Tunisian coppers called floos, seven of which make one sou. Despite the The Bible a Cure for Opium lack of money, however, he left no fewer than 450 copies of St. Luke's An agent of the Bible Society Gospel in these remote corners of the writes : "We were coming down on the desert. At one village even those who boat from Canton, and, walking on the could not read purchased themselves Chinese deck, I saw a man smoking copies of the new "colloquial" gospel. opium and reading an English book. As I saw he knew English, I addrest on purpose to buy a New Testament.

him; under the influence of opium he Living in an out-of-the-way place, he was wonderfully communicative. The had never before seen a foreigner or book turned out to be St. John's Gos- heard a preacher; but a copy of the pel, and he was reading about our Gospel of Matthew, bought from a Lord's crucifixion. He had only colporteur two years ago, had come picked it up because he wanted to im- into his hands. He read it time after prove his English, but he was deeply time, and then he longed for an op- imprest by it, and his comments were portunity to learn more of its meaning.

most interesting. He asked me whether He came while I was away itinerating, it was true that when our Lord was but determined to wait for me. When crucified He had stood alone against I returned, he had already read the all the power of the Jews and the Ro- New Testament through twice, and mans, and when he received an answer nearly through the third time. His in the affirmative, he added, 'Then He heart and mouth were simply brim- must have been divine, for no man ming over with the good things he who was not divine could have stood had found. I invited him to my home, alone.' To the Chinese mind, which is and he staved on some time longer, incapable of any separate action, which attending ail the meetings. Before he is powerless unless it has the moral left, he asked for baptism."-The support of the Government, of a gild, Bible in the World.

or even a secret society, the story of A Mi••ion Come to Town the crucifixion appeals most strongly as an example of divine strength of Bishop Molony, of the English purpose." Church Mission writes : "We now have about 4,000 Christians in the The Fruit of Two Live. province of Cheh-Kiang and 20 Chi- Two pioneer missionaries reached nese clergy. They have their own Hankow, June 21, 1861, soon after missionary society, which. works in that city had fallen for the fourth time three divisions of the provtnce, where into the hands of the T'aip'ing rebels. there is no foreign society, and em- These two men were the Rev. Robert ploys a clergyman and two laym.en.

Wilson and the Rev. Griffith John. Several parishes are self-supportmg Both had spent some time in prepara- and others wiII soon be." tion, and looked forward to a life- work in Central China. In a few JAPAN months Robert Wilson fell asleep. Birthday. in Japan Griffith John is still with us, waiting Japanese children do not ha-ye sepafor the call of his Lord. rate birthdays. Instead ther~ 1S a ~es­ tival in March for all the httIe g~r1s, The new chapel of the Griffith John and another in May for all the httle College was dedicated on December II, 1909, to the glory of God and in boys. .d memory of Robert Wilson. After the If you were a little girl and hve lapse of nearly six decades, two build- there, all your relations a?d friend~ ings stand side by side on the outskirts of busy Hankow; the one in memory would give you presents m March, of a life-work of more than fifty years given for the uplift of China, the other your little sister would have presents in memory of a life lived and laid on the same day, too; and so w~uld down almost ere his work was well begun. your girl cousins and all the !lttle girls you know, ~nd ~ere would be The Power of the Book big birthday partles gomg on every- From Shensi, the Rev. Robert Bergling, of Hanchenghsien, writes: "A where. Then in May the boys would have few months ago a, man came here their turn. Their festival is called ~e "fish festival." Every family havmg a, hoy sets u:8 ~ bi~ fla~staff in the doorway of its house. On the top of pendence Club, and Yi Sang Choi the pole is a gilt ball, and flying from joined it. The doings of the club exthe pole is a whole string of fish made cited the suspicion of the party in of oiled paper or cloth. The golden power and a number of its active memball signifies a treasure which the fish bers were incarcerated. Among them is supposed to be forever trying to was a group of eleven men under the reach. This means that the boy, when leadership of Yi Sang Choi, all but he is a man, will have to battle his way one stanch followers of Confucius. through life in the same way as the The one was a Christian, and he perfish struggle up the river. It is a sort suaded his companions in misery to of little lecture to the Japanese boys make a careful study of the teachings to be ambitious.-Christian Advocate. of Christ. During the day they studied separately, but at night they discust A Wonderful Story from Korea together what they had studied. Many a night they talked even unto day- The following story by Mr. L. H. break. Snyder, of the Y. M. C. A. in Seoul, is one of the most romantic incidents Finally, as if by magic, all became in the history of Christianity in the persuaded that the gospel is the power Far East: of God unto salvation to everyone that believeth. All became leaders in Mr. Yi Sang Choi, former secretary the native church of Korea. Several of the Imperial Cabinet, was sent to have died in the faith, and Mr. Yi Washington with the first Korean em- Sang Choi is director of the religious bassy about twenty years ago. While work of the Y. M. C. A. at Seoul. there he received from a Chinese official a copy of the New Testament and AFRICA the Book of Proverbs written in Chinese. Hearing that this was the Book The Romance of the Negro so extensively read by the West and that it was the foundation of Western Writing in the Spirit of Missions civilization, he accepted it and g-ave it upon this theme, Rev. S. H. Bishop careful consideration, expecting that suggests: First, he is one of the three thereby he would become familiar with great branches of mankind which, so the systems of government of the far as present indications go, are Vest, their military and naval achieve- likely to survive; namely, the white, ments, their methods of education, the yellow, and the black. etc. He read a chapter, then threw the book down, only to pick it up The second element of romance beagain, repeating the process through- longing to the negro is the fact, if we out a whole year. Then he was con- may trust some of the most recent vinced that it contained nothing su- scientific investigations, that he first perior or even equal to the teachings exploited the mineral wealth of the of his revered Confucius. Shortly af- world for artistic and commercial purterward he returned to Korea. poses, and that he first wove cotton and other materials into cloth. A A few years later Dr. Jai So Poel, tribe of negroes seems to have made a Korean nobleman, educated and the beautiful cloth in which the Egypnaturalized in the United States, re- tian dead were interred, and is still turned to Korea under special contract making it. with his government. In his numerous addresses to the Koreans he constant- The third element of romance in the ly recommended Christianity to them. negro is that he has a music which is Mr. Yi Sang Choi became aware of peculiarly expressive of that faith this, began to follow him and to argue which carries a people through caagainst him, trying to show the su- lamity worse than death. Every primperiority of Confucius in every point. itive music such as that of the negro has in it the note of final despair; Dr. Jai So Poe1 started the Inde- but the music of the negro has the note of final hope; and therefore it not only helped to carry the ex- dusky lady of his heart will not look patriated negro through slavery, but at him a love charm is his resort.- has charmed the heart and uplifted J. B. MCCORD, of Natal.

the spirit of all mankind. The Baganda at Home Good New. from Egypt C. W. HatterIy has written a book The converts of the United Presby- with this title, which is full of informa- terian Mission in Egypt number tion about Uganda, the land and peo- 20,000, and among them are 43 or- ple. These two paragraphs are espe- dained Egyptians, besides numbers of cially interesting: native helpers, teachers and colpor- The population of Uganda in 1905 teurs. In the town of Asyut there are was 717,535, of whom 376,910 were 2,200 young people in the higher returned as Christians, 300,279 as hea- schools of the mission. Tho the bap- then, and 40,346 as Mohammedans.

tized Mohammedans have not exceed- No member of the Protestant mission ed 160, an influence favorable to the is baptized, unless he be blind or other- gospel is being exercised on the Mo- wise disabled, until he is able to read.

hammedan population through the hos- Almost every village has its school, pitals, the schools, and the visitation in which there are in alI over 32,000 of the harems. It is pleasant to recall scholars. It is doubtless, owing to the the fact that so wisely and thoroughly sleeping sickness, that the death-rate does this company of workers occupy of Uganda is in advance of the birth- the Nile valley, that it has no rival, rate. Since 1901 its ravages have and is known as the American mis- been appalIing, and if the number of sion. deaths from it are decreasing, it is Zulu Fear of Witchcraft only because the people in the area af- fected have almost died out.

The Zulu baby is born into the fear Of the work of the trained native of witchcraft; in the fear of witch- evangelists and of the native clergy, craft he grows up, and when he sickens Mr. Hattersley says, we can not speak and is about to die his one thought too highly The number of is that a spell has been cast upon him these men, including paid and volun- for which the charm can not be dis- tary workers, can not be far short of covered. AlI his life long he dreads 4,000, who devote practically the whole in lonely places to meet the inswela~ of their time to the work of the boya, the beast in human form who Church. The most highly paid only pounces upon and makes medicine of receive i2 a year, less than the wages the unwary traveler. In mature man- of a common laborer. To these men hood he suspects his neighbor, his is due to a very large extent the rapid fri'end, his brother, and even his wife extension of the work, the office of of being or dealing with an umtakati, several Europeans being to teach such a maker of charms and poisons. He and send them forth, and then to visit walks with an uneasy feeling that an them periodically and strengthen their enemy may have put medicine on his hands in the work. Each teacher is path for harm to him unless he is a bookseller, there being no shops, wearing a talisman against it. From with the exception of one or two in every possible source, from earth and the main centers. There can be no from sky, from river and from forest, doubt that it is to the Word of God from friend and from foe, he is con- in their own tongue that the success tinually apprehensive of evil influence of the work is mainly due coming upon him. And witchcraft is There are no closed doors in the heart often his hQpe as well as his fear. It of Africa. All are wide open, arid is his dependence for getting even with the servant of the Lord wilI find the his enemy by throwing a spelI on his Word will have free course and be person, his path, or his food. If the glorified everywhere. Celebrating a Notable Baptism str·mg character and earnest purpose, desiring to lead his people into the Chief Khama, the great Christian light of God. Chief of the Bamangwato tribe in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, arranged OBITUARY NOTES on May 6th to celebrate the jubilee of his baptism, and the directors of the The Gassner Missionary Society of London Missionary Society, at their Berlin has sustained a heavy loss in meeting in April, passed the following the death of Rev. F. P. Hahn, one of resolution in relation to this interest- its oldest and most able missionaries. Mr. Hahn died on the 3d of May, at ing event, in celebration of which Mussourie, in the Himalaya Moun- Khama had planned a great meeting tains, where he had gone for recuperaof the tribe to express thanksgiving tion. He had served in India for 42 for the mercies of the past fifty years, years. In 1884, with the help of the and to testify what Christianity has "Mission to Lepers in India and the done for him and his people: East," he founded a leper asylum in Lohardaga, Chota-Nagpur, and, when "The directors desire to express to later transferred to Purulia, Bengal, their friend, the Chief Khama, their was the means of building up the hearty congratulations on having been model asylum located in that city. This spared in the good providence of God leper asylum is unquestionably the to complete fifty years as a member of largest in India, containing at the the Christian Church. They praise God present time nearly 800 inmates. Mr. for His grace revealed in the conver- Hahn was considered an authority on sion of the Chief Khama in early life leper work. He furthermore distinfrom heathenism, and for enabling guished himself as a linguist in the inhim in the trying days of his early vestigation and publication of several manhood to withstand all the pressure of the aboriginal languages, such as of temptation and persecution, and to the Oraon and Mundari. The British maintain under very difficult condi- Government, recognizing the valuable tions, a consistent Christian life. They services he had rendered as a linguist thank God that during his long life and philanthropist, conferred upon and labor as the ruler of one of the him, in the year of 1906, the golden most powerful tribes in Bechuanaland, medal of the first order of "Kaiser-iamid the many political and social Hind." At home Mr. Hahn was succhanges which have taken place as the cessful in stimulating the organization result of the growing intercourse of of an auxiliary branch for medical misthe Europeans and the native races, sionary work within his own society, the same abounding grace of God has and another branch for what is known enabled the chief to maintain a char- in German missionary societies as the acter and reputation which have com- "Schwestern-Arbeit," or work for femended him to all men as a true Chris- male nurses. His two works: "Sagen tian and a wise ruler. The directors und Miirchen der Kols" and "Einfiihpray that the evening-time of their rung in das Gebiet der Kolsmission" friend's honored life may be long and (published by Bertelsmann, Giitersloh, calm, and that he may see the abun- Germany), are of lasting value to the dant rains of the influence of God's German missionary literature. gracious Spirit descend upon his people and resulting in a great ingather- Miss Sarah H. Woolston, a woman ing to the Christian Church." who was a missionary when it was a sacrifice to be one, and when travel Dr. Wardlaw Thompson, in submit- was a hardship, died in Mount Holly, ting the foregoing resolution, spoke of the bitter hostility of Khama's father, N. J., June 11th, at the age of eighty. and his attempt to kill the son who espoused Christianity. He is a man of With her sister Beulah Woolston, who died twenty-four years ago, she went to China in 1858, and after a voyage of

GENERAL MISSIONARY

one hundred and forty-seven days them at their home and were always around the Cape of Good Hope, landed received with Christian courtesy and at Shanghai, and proceeded to Foo teaching. They also established a num- Chow, where the two sisters estab- ber of day-schools at different and lished a boarding school for Chinese often distant points in our work, which girls. Their pioneer work, which has they visited regularly, and often at grown to extensive proportions, they great inconvenience and exposure to continued for twenty-five years. The themselves. With all this work they author of "Eminent Missionary Wo- found time for literary work-prepamen," the late Mrs. John T. Gracey, ration and translation of school-books says of these two sisters-for their life and the editing of the "Child's Illuswork was ever the same-"In addition trated Paper in Chinese." These sisters to the care of the school they estab- led the van of Methodist women in the lished, hundreds of women visited East.

FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY JOHN FREDERIC OBERLIN and A CRUSADE OF ness. It was a fine example of con- BROTHERHOOD. formity and non-conformity at the These two companion books from same time, and reminds one of the Ital- the pen of Augustus Field Beard, ian peasants who, when forbidden to and published by the Pilgrim exhibit the tri-color, arranged the vege- Press of New York and Chicago, tables in their baskets so as to exhibit make us regret that their gifted the loved colors of their flag.

author has not done more wri- "The Crusade of the Brotherhood" is ting in his not uneventful life. His the story of the American Missionary picture of Oberlin shows the genius of Association, its inception, early efforts, biography. He has caught the }im- its founders, pioneers and patrons, ner's art, and knows how so to touch and its principles and work. Dr.

with skill that every new line tells. He Beard's pen interests us in this noble has given us a charming and living organization as he did in the man of likeness of Pastor Oberlin. His linea- the wild Mount Amour district of ments speak. There is no excess of Alsace. And there is not a little re- praise and no evasion of truth; we see semblance between the pastor and the the man among men, with all his faults organization-the motive and method and virtues-a real, live man, his sim- of the man and the association favora- plicity and sincerity, self-sacrifice and bly compare. We see the same phil- philanthropy, but none the less his anthropy at work, and among similar self-will and a persistence akin to ob- classes of society, teaching the opprest stinacy. We have read many sketches and ignorant and indolent the secrets of the pastor of Walback, but none of self-development and self-direction, that equal Dr. Beard's. His versatility and the same pious loyalty to truth and was noticeable. He turned his hand manhood characterizing both. The to agriculture, road-making, manu~ whims are alike in style and not unlike facture; he founded schools, churches, in contents; and one who reads either a library, and in the days of the revo- will want to read the other. Even in lution a social club, and when forbid- these days when "of making many den to hold church services and or- books there is no end," it pays to pe- dered to glorify "the republic" and ruse carefully such pages as these.

curse the "tyrant," he adroitly turned We hope for more book-making from the club into a religious body, chose the same author.

Sunday as the best day for the club- The secretary of the Home Mission- meetings, and as their chosen orator ary Society of Massachusetts has "downed" the tyrant of sin and selfish- bought thirty-eight copies of Oberlin's

"Life" to distribute among his home The second is an account of a chilmission churches to stimulate the drens' story-club and what they courage and patience of these workers learned of Africa and China and Inin rural communities. We can cor- dia. The third is a short, impressive dially commend his judgment and ex- account of leprosy in the East and ample. Such a book will help anyone what Christianity is doing for lepers. who reads it. STUDIES IN THE LIFE AND TEACHINGS OF Everyland-A new magazine for boys and OUR LoRD. By Rev. R. A. Torrey. 8vo, girls. Published by the Everyland Pub- 347 pp. $1.50. Bible Institute, Chi- lishing Co., West Medford, Boston, Mass. cago. 1909.

We again commend this new quar- The peculiar feature of these studies terly, edited by Lucy W. Peabody and is its division into 140 lessons based Helen Barrett Montgomery, and can on a harmonized life of Christ, each join in the general chorus of praise lesson taking up in turn the "Disfrom many discriminating readers, not coverv of Facts" dealt with in the sechaving yet seen one word except of tion, ind the classification of the teachhigh appreciation, and withal it is a ings on various subjects. It is a fine missionary magazine, meant to stimu- basis for a doctrinal and devotional late an intelligent and hearty interest study, sending the student to the Bible in children of all lands, as its name im- itself for information. plies. We have seen nothing hitherto that seems to us so admirably fitted to SERVANTS OF THE KING. By Robert E. fill a gap in the literature of our day. Speer. Portraits. 12m0, 216 pp. 60 We had no sooner introduced the first cents. Young People's Missionary number into our family circle than Movement, New York. 1909. there was a demand for subsequent issues. This will be the case with This is a group of brief biographi- cal sketches of the lives of missionmany others. aries-home and foreign. Some are Everyland offers the following well known, like Livingstone, Whip- ple, Verbeck, Isabella Thoburn, Patprizes. Fifty dollars for the best story teson and Falconer, while others are on foreign missions, with twenty-five comparatively little known, but are dollars as a second prize. worth knowing. These are Wm. Tay- lor, Alice Jackson, Eleanor Chestnut, Fifty dollars for the best story of Matthew Yates, and James Roberthome missions or city missions, with son. The life stories are brief and to twenty-five dollars as a second prize. the point. They would form an in- spiring subject for study by any in- They must be stories, true to life, telligent, earnest group of young peonot descriptions or sermons; adapted ple. to young folks between ten and sixteen; must not exceed 4,500 words; BESIDE THE RED MOUNTAIN. By Kingston should be illustrated with sketches or de Gruche. Illustrated. 12mo, 197 pp. photographs, if possible, and must be 2s, 6d. Robert Culley, London. 1909. in the editor's hands not later than Missionary life in a Chinese city is October I, I9IO. full of novelty, but is strenuous and a test of endurance. Read these pic- OTHER PEOPLE'S PRAYERS. By E. Mabel F. turesque sketches if you would see the Major. 16mo, 80 pp. 6d. native as he is and hear him talk with proper names and idioms translated THE TELL-TALE CLUB. G. A. T. Frere. into English. Here are street scenes, 16mo, 80 pp. 6d. medical dispensaries, journeys, con- versations with Buddhist monks, etc., LEPERS SOUGHT HIS FACE. C. Harder. all described in a readable, impressive 16mo, 80 pp. 6d. The Church Mis- way to show the daily life and sur- sionary Society, London. 1909. roundings of the missionaries.

These are three missionary stories for young people. The first tells of how some children became interested in missions through a picture of Africans praying to the unknown god.

THE MISSIONARY

SNAPSHOTS FROM SUNNY AFRICA. By Helen clearly shown in the glimpses of life E. Springer. Illustrated 12mo, 194 pp. that. are gi,:en. It is a simple, unpre- $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New tentIOUS bIOgraphy, but one that York. 1909. touches the heartstrings.

These are a series of living pictures from real life in South Africa. Each THE .HOUSE OF CHIMHAM. By Edgar chapter describes some scene or inci- Whltakc:r Work. 12mo, 75 cents. Amerident that is worth reading. They are can Society, New York. 1909.

the things that would interest a trav- This is a little Christmas story of eler and a student of Africa. The na- about fifty pages, very delicately got- tive Dance, the Difficulties of an Un- ten up both as to contents and letterknown Tongue, a Burial Service, an press. It is a sort of historical ro- African Fair, Christmas at Old Um- mance founded on the Bible story of tali, and other chapters, would make Barzellai the Gileadite, who showed excellent reading for missionary meet- such loving hospitality to David in his ings or would illustrate brief talks to flight from Absalom; and to whom, Sunday-schools. when he declined, on account of old MISSIONARY STORY SKETCHES AND FOLK age, the royal offer of a home at court LORE FROM AFRICA. By Alexander P. the king gave indirectly a reward i~ Camphor. Illustrated 12mo, 346 pp. the person of Chimham, his son some $1.50, net. Jennings and Graham, Cin- of his. Bethlehem possession;. (2 cinnati. 1909. Sam. XIX: 37-40.) From the refer- To see Africa through the eyes of ence to J erem. xli: 17 to Chiman African is an interesting oppor- ham, it has been supposed that tunity. Dr. and Mrs. Camphor were on this land in later times stood an the first American negro missionaries inn, Khan, or caravanserai, a wellregularly appointed to Africa by the known stopping-place for travelers Methodist Episcopal Missionary So- from Jerusalem to Egypt. And here, ciety. After some chapters telling the the writer of this little brochure asstory of the Liberia Mission, Dr. Cam- sumes, was the inn where Joseph and • phor gives some short incidents con- the mother of Jesus sought a lodging nected with the work and a number and in the stable of which Christ was of striking native legends that reveal born. The little book is very pathetic the thought and customs of African .and touching in its narrative and well life in Liberia. worth a reading for its ethical and UNDER MARCHING ORDERS. By Ethel Dan- spiritual suggestions, iels Hubbard. Illustrated 12mo, 222 pp. At the same time it is to be feared 60 cents, net. The Young People's Missionary Movement, New York. the historic basis is very slender, and the tradition on which the story rests 1909.

Mary Porter Gamewell, the subject very doubtful. There is some uncer- of this biography for young people, tainty about the name, possibly from was a missionary in Peking during the its not being Hebrew. But there is Boxer riots and siege. The story of more doubt about the facts, when her life is unusually full of novelty J ohanan betook himself with his res- and incident and is well told. Her cued captives to this southern rendez- self-sacrificing service for Chinese vous en route to Egypt. This, accord- women has left its impress on the ing to the Keri, is called the "habita- China that is to be. tion of Chimham." Why did an inn, THE DAYS OF JUNE. By Mary Culler or caravanserai, in the vicinity of White. 12mo, 128 pp. 50 cents. Flem- David's city bear the name of Chim- ing H. Revell Co., New York. 1909. ham? The assumption is because it This meaningless title belongs to a had been built and owned by Bar- brief story of the life of a young zellai's son. This is the Masorite in- woman, June Nicholson, who gave her terpretation upon the authority of life as a missionary in China. Her some Jewish tradition, but the substi- beauty and force of character are tution is incapable now of proof or

disproof, tho Blunt, in his "Unde- THE CHRISTIAN STEWARD. July and Octo- signed Coincidences," argues in its ber, 1909, January, 1910. Issued quarfavor. terly by the Association of Christian One formidable difficulty is found Stewards. 25 cents a year, 10 cents a in the fact that even if David made copy. Rev. R. W. Woodsworth, 105 over to Chimham part of his own Yorkville Avenue, Toronto. patrimony, it would have reverted to David's heirs in the Jubilee year, as MENTAL ASSASSINATION, OR CHRISTIAN possessions were inalienable permanently. But this historic uncer- SCIENCE. A Physical, Intellectual Moral tainty need not seriously impair the and Spiritual Peril. By I. M. 'Haldeinterest of what it, after all, only a delightful little romance meant to en- man, D.D. 40 pp. 10 cents. Charles courage all loving and gracious hospitality as having its ultimate and C. Cook, 150 Nassau Street. New York. often unexpected reward. DESTRUCTIVE CRITICISM VS. CHRISTIANITY.

INDIA'S HURT AND OTHER ADDRESSES. By An Expose of Fosterism. By A. C. W. M. Forrest. 12mo. 171 pp. 50 I!ix~m. 24 pp. Bible Colportage Asso- cents, net. Christian Publishing Co., ciation, 826 La Salle Avenue, Chicago, St. Louis, Mo. 1909. Ill.

Most missionaries who have labored MISSIONARY POSTERS, LETTERS AND PICTURE in a foreign field have something POST-CARDS. Published by the Missionworth saying when they return. This is not always of unique value or in- ary Helps Depot, 13 Croxton Street. terest, but it expresses their views of Liverpool, England. the needs of the people, the progress of the work and the duty of the Chris- BUDDHISM AS A RELIGION: Its Historical tian Church at home. Mr. Forrest, a Development and Its Present Condimissionary of the Christian Church, tions. By H. Hackman. 320 pages. 6s, gives us his views on "India's Hurt net. Probsthain & Co., 14 Great Rusand Need," "India's Mothers and sell St., London, W.C. Daughters," "Student Life," "Religious Ideals and Their Realization," the DAWN IN TODALAND. By C. F. Ling. Is, "Dangers and the Results of Christian Missions." The chapter on the "New 6d, net. Morgan & Scott, Ltd., 12 Pat- Theology and Missions" is worth read- ernoster Bldgs., London, E.C. ing, but the positions taken are more favorable to critical conclusions than THE EVANGELICAL INVAS.JON OF BRAZIL. By many missionaries would accept. Samuel R: Gammon, D.D. 179 pages. Presbyterian Committee of Publication, FAITH AND FACT: As Illustrated in the Richmond, Va. 75 cents. History of the China Inland Mission. By Marshall Broomhall. 8vo. 78 pp. SOME JEWISH WITNESSES FOR CHRIST. By China Inland Mission, London, Phila- Rev. A. Bernstein, B.D. Is, 6d. Opera- delphia and Toronto. 1909. tive Jewish Converts' Institution, Pal- estine Pl., Bodney Rd., London, N.E. Here is a remarkable and inspiring record of answered prayer in the his- SEVEN WORDS OF THE RISEN CHRIST. By tory of the China Inland Mission. The whole history is a rebuke to unbelief Joseph Addison Richards. 12mo, 86 and a stimulus to greater dependence pages. National Bible Institute, 156 on God. Nine hundred missionaries Fifth Ave., New York. 60 cents, net. are now supported in China, in answer LIFE OF MARY LYON. By Beth Bradford to prayer. Gilchrist. 8vo, 462 pages. Illustrated. $1.50, net. Houghton, Mifflin Co., Bos- PAMPHLETS ton. 1910.

IDOLATRY. By William L. Jones. 22 pp. THE CHILD IN THE NORMAL HOME. By A. Wm. L. Jones, 283 Linwood Avenue, L. McCrimmon, LL.D. 31 pages. 10 Buffalo, N. Y. cents, net. American Baptist Pub. So- ciety. Philadelphia.

THE HOME AS THE SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL LIV- ING. By Henry Frederick Cope. 36 pages. 10 cents, net. American Bap- tist Pub. Society, Philadelphia.

THE CITY: As IT Is AND As IT Is TO BE.

By Clinton Rogers Woodruff. 51 pages. 15 cents, net. American Baptist Pub. Society, Philadelphia.

THE SOCIAL MISSION OF THE CHURCH. By Alfred Wesley Wishart. 55 pages. 15 cents, net. American Baptist Pub. So- ciety, Philadelphia.

THE CHURCHES OUT&IDE THE CHURCH. By George W. Coleman. 29 pages. 10 c~nt!, ne~. American Baptist Pub. So- cIety, PhIladelphia.

THE CHURCH AND THE LABOR MOVEMENT.

By Charles Stelze. 32 pages. 10 cents net. American Baptist Pub. Society' Philadelphia. '

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1909

TABER NACLE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, SALEM, MASS., AS IT APPEARED ON FEBRUARY

181 2, WHEN .~DONIRAM JUD SON AN D HIS FOUR COMPAN IONS WERE ORDAINED PREPARATORY TO THEIR DEPARTURE AS MI SSIO NARIES OF THE AMERICAN BOARD (Loa ned by courtesy o f The Baptist Afiss-ionary klagazine) ( See page 100)

<The 8l{ss{onary 'R…ev{ew

of the World VOL. XXXII. No. z FEBRUARY, 1909 VOL. XXII. No. z OIJ &ries New Seri,s Publi!hed by Funk & Wagnalll!l Company, 44-60 E. 23d St., N.Y. [sase K. Funk, Pres., A. W. WagnallsJ "'lee-Pres. and Treae" R<Jht. Scott, Sec',.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES FOOLISH MISSIONARY PRAYERS the United States, and the freedom of intercourse between the two hemi- In Lucas's "Empire of Christ" one spheres is increasing. By an agree- ment, recently entered into between paragraph indicates the danger and Minister Rockhill and the Chinese Government, the Boxer indemnity is folly of many of our prayers for mis- to be used for sending 2,000 students to this country to be educated. One sions: hundred are to be sent annually for four years, and fifty annually dur- We have the remarkable spectacle of ing the time of the indemnity. Eighty per cent. of these students are the establishment of prayer unions be- to be trained in the manual arts, and the others in law and government; and seeching God for more success, side by a Chinese Educational Commissioner, with five assistants, is to have charge side with the recognition of our utter of the work A similar commission, operating at Peking, will determine the inability to provide for the success He schools to which the students are to be sent. These students will vary in has already granted. We send age from twelve to twenty years. Such measures will not only do much up a prayer to heaven for more work, for China, but will help to correct misunderstandings between Oriental and we send out a message to the field and Western peoples. The indemnity is surely to be put to a good use. announcing a reduction of grants. We RECENT SIGNS IN CHINA-COMMERshould be dumbfoundered if we received a CIAL AND POLITICAL request from the field asking us to re- Some figures published lately by the Chinese Postmaster-General show the duce our prayers, on the ground that stupendous progress of the great heathen empire during the past years. they were quite unequal to provide for Five years ago there were only 446 post-offices in the whole empire, which the answers already granted. handled 20 million pieces of mail. In Prayer is indispensable for any mis- sionary advance, but its main objective just now must be the Church and not heathendom.-H. P. BEACH.

CALLS TO PRAYER Page Recent Signs in China……. . . . . . . .. 81 Japanese Growth ………………. 82 Developments in Korea ………….. 83 News from India ……………….. 83 Christian Literature Society for China II3 A Chinese Christian Circle………… 125 Opportunity and Responsibility ……. 131 THE ORIENT AND THE OCCIDENT These are ceasing to be distinctive as of old. Witness the vast numbers of Chinese and Japanese that are coming to America. If the exclusion laws permit, there will presently be a large influx of Chinese students into 1906 there were 2,096 post-offices, hospitals and public institutions old which handled 113 million pieces of jealousies and frictions are swept mail. And in 1907 the number of away, and the workers meet daily to post-offices in China increased to 2,803, pray for their own weak hearts and which handled 167 million pieces of the coming of the kingdom. Enemies mail. have been reconciled; old feuds healed up; gamblers have been restored; It is planned to construct nine pub- opium-smokers reclaimed, and men lic stations for wireless telegraphy in made new. the province of Canton at once, and to add six other stations between Can- "Of permanent results it is too early ton and Shanghai soon. Since the yet to speak. So far the movement Russian stations in Manchuria are not has been mainly within the church, but for the use of the public, and Japan it is already spreading, and naturally has only two public stations, China, must spread to those without; so that the land which tried to exclude every- this year should see a vast ingatherthing foreign hitherto, is the most pro- ing." gressive country, as far as facilities for commerce are concerned. JAPANESE GROWTH-MATERIAL AND SPIRITUAL With this news of progress comes the disturbing intelligence of the dis- The president of a steel rolling-plant missal from office of Yuan Shih Kai, in Hokkaido recently returned fron.. the most progressive official in China. a tour of England and America, where The European and American govern- he became imprest with the moral adments fear lest this may mean reac- vantages of the laborers. He contionary plans on the part of Prince ceived the desire to improve the moral Chun and hostility to foreign interests. tone of the laborers under his care, We do not, however, anticipate this. and has offered to provide a home for a missionary and to equip him for his CONTINUED REVIVAL IN MANCHURIA work among the six thousand employ- ees. There will also be Bible classes "The revival still goes on," writes among the officials and their wives. Rev. Walter Phillips, of the Presbyterian Mission, "and whereunto it will This is a wonderful opportunity to grow no man can yet tell. bring the Gospel message to a large company of men! The little Presby- "The whole Manchurian Church terian church in the same town also seems stirred to its depths. The lead- gives a fine opportunity to turn these ing men are transfigured, and their men to the church already established ideals of sin and prayer have moved in their midst. as from pole to pole; the members are one and all filled with a new zeal to At the recent conference of Kumi-ai go forth and tell their friends and (Congregational) churches in Japan, neighbors. The very schoolboys are there were large meetings held in the in the streets preaching and selling city hall. At the communion service books. The girls, under charge of on Sunday 600 Christians were pressOllie matron, spend their half-holiday in tramps to outlying villages, where ent. Rev. J. D. Davis writes: "When they gather the women together and preach and pray half the night. In I think back thirty-three years, when Joseph Neesima was the only Chris- tian in the city, and when for six years

OF THE

we could not rent a building in the with the United States, Britain and city for Christian services, I realize Germany. The king, the next year, the great change. This body represents 121 churches and chapels, 67 of sent an imposing embassy to the capthem entirely self-supporting, with a total of 15,000 members." itals of the great nations, to promote friendly relations, and, from that date, Mr. T. Harada, the President of the vVestern ideas took rapid root, as Doshisha College at Kyoto, in a recent address said there were three great shown in a new educational system, functions which Christianity has to fulfil in Japan. I. It must preach the army reorganization, etc. Notwith- Gospel of individuality. In Japan the standing the uprising in Seoul, <in family and the State have been made 1888, which was soon quelled, the poso much of, that comparatively the individual counts for little. Christian litical and religious development of teaching is especially designed to cor- this nation has been steadily advanrect this mistake. 2. Christianity must purify and beautify Japanese family cing, and it is difficult to keep track life. The home life in certain Christian countries is rightly held up for of it. Take two examples among admiration throughout the civilized many: world. 3. Christianity must teach humanit)" must seek to overcome Mrs. S. A. Moffett writes from hatred and class distinctions. Pyeng Yang of progress made in the DEVELOPMENTS IN KOREA mission: In this nation, that was so long During the past nine months we have known as the "hermit nation," for its seen the organization of the Presbyterian extreme exclusiveness, since 1880 the church in Korea, and of the first Presmost rapid strides toward a prosperity bytery, installation of the first Korean such as distinguishes Occidental peo- pastors, first graduations from Pyeng ples have been going on, and with a Yang College and Seminary, and the celerity that seems to make even Medical School in Seoul. The normal Japan's progress slow. It was no class for men has an attendance of about longer ago than 1866 that a violent two hundred; the Theological Seminary persecution broke out, entailing the an enrolment of ninety-eight. The indeaths under torture of nine French gathering into churches both in city and Roman Catholic priests, with their country promises to be larger than ever bishops, and thousands of converts. It before. Central church in this city has was ten years later, in 1876, before, been crowded all this year. after 3,000 years of rigid exclusion, Korea yielded to Japanese and Chi- The native Christians in Korea nese compUlsion, and admitted the right of free intercourse with foreign- everywhere exhibit great liberality. ers on her own soil. This innovation provoked, in 1882, a brief revolution, NEWS FROM INDIA-GOOD AND ILL hich, however, eventuated in treaties Some see in the present unrest rea- son to fear another uprising in India.

Natives have become educated far enough to discover that th~y are not reckoned among the powers of the present world, and are coming to think that they ought to be. Rev. Geo. H. Brock, of Kanigiri, writes as follows: That there still exists a good deal of unrest in India has been very rudely brought to the attention of all in the at- tempted assassination of the Lieutenant- Governor of Bengal a week ago. Sir Andrew Fraser, a brave and earnest

Christian gentleman, went to the Y. M. and testified before their friends, and C. A. hall to preside at a lecture, and know what salvation means!" So is God just as he reached the platform a young blessing the toil of the faithful ministers Bengali rushed up to him and, presenting of the Church in India, and only the lack a revolver within a few inches of his of workers hinders from a great extenbreast, attempted to shoot j but, fortu- sion of this blest work. May the Church nately, the revolver missed fire twice. here rise to its splendid opportunity in Mr. Barber, of the Y. M. C. A., who was that, as well as in other mission lands standing nearby, grappled with the youth, to-day! and others coming to his help soon secuted him. An Indian raja, seeing the A WEEK OF PRAYER FOR ISLAM danger of the Governor, pushed him into an anteroom. A feeling of horror 'has It is proposed by the Arabian Misgone throughout the country at this new sion of the Reformed Church in Amerexhibition of the evil spirit among the ica to set apart the last week of Febpeople. ruary, from the 2Ist to the 28th, for united intercession on behalf of the Sir Andrew Fraser has ever been a Moslem world, especially rememberfriend to the people of India, reluctantly ing the present crisis in Persia and the putting into operation the repressive new development and liberty in Turmeasures of the last two years. But this key, Arabia and Egypt. is the third attempt on his life. What God has wrought since last Only a few days after the attempt on July in the Turkish Empire by opening Sir Andrew Fraser, a police inspector, doors and giving freedom to the press; a native, was murdered on the streets of what He is doing in Arabia by prepar- Calcutta, and no trace of the murderers ing highways for His Gospel in the has so far been found, tho a large re- building of railroads; what He has ward has been offered. This inspector done and is doing in Persia, Egypt and had been active in capturing the persons Morocco by the plowshare of His who had thrown the bombs in the recent providence in preparing the soil for the outrages. sowing of His Word-all these great events, not to speak of revived interest Another symptom of the unrest is the among Moslems in Christianity and sympathy of many people for the mur- answered prayers at many mission derers. stations, prompt us to urge this appeal and ask God for even greater things. On the other hand, Mrs. William All societies working among Mo- Butler writes of better tidings: hammedans are especially invited to observe this week of prayer, both in A bit of glorious news from India the family and the pulpit, and if possimust be shared with all who toil for ble by special united intercession. that needy land. One of the most re- "Father, the hour has come. Glorify markable sights at the Jubilee at Bareilly Thy son that Thy Son also may was the baptism of 523 converts. These glorify Thee." were not hastily gathered, as some might have feared, but only a small fraction of MADAGASCAR AND THE FRENCH those being prepared by their pastors for acceptance of Christianity. The follow- Rev. James Sibree, at Brighton, ing year over 200 of these men brought England, recently gave a most lamenttheir wives for the sacred rite, and now able picture of the condition of mis- Bishop Warne informs me that 2,000 sion work on this great island. The ha';e now come as the direct result of the work done by those baptized at the Jubilee. More than this, the preachers did not hesitate to declare at the District Conference that hundreds of these, who had taken that as the first step toward Christ, had now "found the new heart

OF THE TIMES

work there began in 1818, ninety might be no Christian church in years ago. The London Missionary Madagascar. All this fits us to un- Society sent Messrs. Bevan and Jones, derstand Mr. Sibree's picture of the with their families, as their first mis- condition of mission work in that sionaries. island. He said: When Ranavalona 11., in 1868, was Twelve years ago they had a larger enthroned the reign of the first Chris- number of people connected with their tian queen was begun, and shortly congregations and of children in their afterward the final blow was struck schools than now, with a greater numwhich insured the supremacy of ber of pastors and teachers than in all Christianity in the island, with 50,000 the other stations of the London Miscommunicants, and thrice as many ad- sionary Society put together; but with herents, and thirty times as many the appointment of the present governor, seeking religious teaching. This in 1906, a regime of bitter hostility to island became known as the "Crown all missionary effort commenced. The of the London Missionary Society." Y. M. C. A. had been broken up, school- teaching in the churches had been pro- Then succeeded attacks upon Mad- hibited, with the result that three-quaragascar by France. Absurd demands, ters of their day-schools were closed; backed by a military force, which and the official school-teachers were in- Ranavalona died in 1883 resisting, structed to gather the children on Sunand which her successor, Ranavalona days for secular lectures. Altho games IlL, for two years more continued to and sports and debasing amusements oppose with force of arms, till in were permitted on the Sabbath, "if 1885, defeated at all points, she was twenty-one Malagasy met on the Lord·s compelled to accept French protect- day to study the Bible they were liable orate. Eleven years later this be- to imprisonment." came annexation to the French Colonial Establishment, and in 1897 the The London Christian is right in its queen was deposed by the French conclusion, that the matter calls for governor and the Malagasy nationality action on the part of the English Govceased to exist. ernment. It is hardly conceivable that the French administration would not It was not too much to say with listen to a representation, and refuse Professor Warneck that from that to extend to the island the religious time -Protestant missions virtually re- freedom which they have legalized in ceived a death-blow. French occupa- France, and which is extended to tion gave the Jesuits the chance they French subjects in all British colonies. had coveted for nearly half a century, It is hoped that some Christian memof feeding a grudge against the Brit- bers of Parliament will bring the matish, cherished by French fanatics and ter before the House at an early date. colonial politicians. Evangelical Ch…:stians and native pastors have been RELIGIOUS CONDITION OF FINLAND charged with crimes, imprisoned and put to death; mission property con- News has come of renewed persecufiscated, evangelical schools wrecked; tion of Jews in Finland. Hundreds, and but for the Paris Missionary So- driven from home by Russian officials, ciety, which came to the rescue, there are said to be starving in the fields. They are barred from citizenship.

Of the general religious conditions the Rev. Gustaf A. Riden writes:

The Finlanders are a sober-minded of Protestant work there is the Greek people, with a great amount of reverence Catholic Church with about 50,000 ad- for God and divine things, and are not herents, with few exceptions Russian ashamed of speaking about matters con- natives. cerning their soul. THE BIBLE AND GOSPEL IN SPAIN The Catholic Church now and again solicits the assistance of the civil author- Great transformations have taken ities, in order to prohibit some one from place since Borrow wrote "The Bible preaching the Gospel who is not offi- in Spain," and even since Mrs. Gulick cially authorized by the State, but such opened her school for girls a quarter steps are usually ignored by the com- of a century ago. Many daughters of munity in general and especially by the prominent Catholics have found there political press. a Christian training. But, tho Pastor Fludner was permitted before the last Several important religious bodies century's close to begin his great work have not tended to point out the direct under the shadow of the Escurial, the way to the purpose aimed at. On the Protestant gospel still finds not a few contrary, poor souls have been led a hindrances from indifferent, if not winding, roundabout way in search of hostile, authorities in the state, and salvation. priests in the Church who do not dis- guise their antagonism. The oldest of these, "The Pietists," teach that perfect assurance of divine In September last the Reformed adoption can never be obtained in this Church of Spain addrest a message life. to the Congress of Deputies, setting forth the wrongs to which Spanish "The Evangelicals" say that the work Protestants are often subjected by the of grace in the soul is wrought in bap- authorities-entirely contrary to law tism. -and demanding religious liberty, in the name of the Constitution. "The Laestadians," whose founder was a clergyman in Sweden named Lae- Among the instances of outrage stadius, is a kind of Romanism sprung are the following: A young man, in up in the midst of Protestantism. Their the province of Saragossa, for not doctrine teaches that "outside the baring hi~ head when the Host was church"-their small circle-there is no carried through the streets, was consalvation. demned to ten days' imprisonment, a fine of 75 pesetas and costs. Another These bodies have this in common, who was working in the street when that they are strictly ecclesiastical, in- the Host was carried by, and went on compatible toward those who hold dif- with his work without saluting, was ferent views from themselves, and often condemned to six days' imprisonment, live in a state of disharmony one with 40 pesetas fine and costs. the other. Religious liberty was decreed in Th ~ Baptists began to work here Spain forty years ago, and immeabout thirty years ago. About ten years diately afterward, in Madrid itself, a their junior is the so-called Free Church Protestant Church of the Redeemer Movement, which is something between sprang into being. Services had been the State and the Free Church. The held 111 a small hali, at risk to adherents wish their names to remain on the ecclesiastical rolls, but, at the same time, being dissatisfied with the religious life and ritual of the State Church, they form separate societies for the breaking of bread. They have no special confession of faith, neither have they any kind of organization, so that it is difficult to say what the future results will be.

In addition to these different branches

OF THE

the pastor, if not to the congregation. count of the failure of the papacy. The With the decree of religious liberty, Presbyterian Church (North) has one the hall became too small and a church station, with two missionaries; the was built and opened January, r869. Christian and Missionary Alliance, Religious liberty soon became only the South American Evangelical Mis-.

tolerance, but ten other churches and sion, the Plymouth Brethren and the missions were founded, and united to American Bible Society also are seek- form the Reformed Church of Spain. ing to do some work in the republic.

A chapel has been opened in Valencia It is in the darkness of medievalism.

fulfilling the desire of Bishop Cabrera, A REVIVAL IN GREENLAND who found Christ through the study of the Bible, and left the Roman The Lutheran Church in Greenland, Church to devote himself to the which took over the Moravian mission Protestant ministry. years ago, reports a revival of religion among the Christian Eskimos. Former THE CRISIS IN VENEZUELA Moravian helpers have been active in connection with this movement, and The despotic rule of President Cas- the revival has stirred ~ them up to tro-practically a military dictator- publish a church paper in the Eskimo, has at last been overthrown in Vene- that their countrymen may be more zuela. His power depenaed not on his widely reached. ideals or work for the benefit of the nation, but on his ability to control The Danish Missionary Society has the army and his compromise with the transferred the care of all its conrabble and with mountain bandits. gregations in Greenland to a committee With his departure to Germany for of members of the Danish churches surgical treatment he was deposed (undenominational). The memberfrom the presidency and Vice-Presi- ship of all these congregations is dent Gomez stept into Castro's place. ro,8r8, and the congregations trans- With this change of government it is ferred to the Danish Society by the to be hoped that the exploitation of the Moravians in r900 are included. The country to benefit a private purse will committee will look after the spiritual cease, and that increased prosperity needs of these congregations. The and full religious liberty will mean a Danish Missionary Society expects, new era for Venezuela. The new however, to preach the Gospel to the president has taken steps to reach a heathen which still inhabit the eastern peaceful settlement with Holland. and northern parts of Greenland.

This Republic covers a large terri- tory, six times the size of New York INTERDENOMINATIONAL HOME State-larger than France and Ger- MISSION CAMPAIGN many together-and has a population The Home Missions Council, con- of between two and three millions. It sisting of the Home Mission Boards is comparatively neglected from a mis- of the Evangelical denominations sionary view-point. The Roman Cath- throughout the United States, has olics, who include most of the popula- planned for an extensive publicity tion, are still under the shadow of campaign which will be conducted in superstition and corruption. Atheism two series, the first being as follows 5 making progress among them on ac- (two days in each city) :

Brooklyn, January 25th and 26th; Hart- B. Grose, D.D.; Mr. J. Ernest Mcford, January 26th and 27th; Buffalo, J "n- Afee; Rev. Howard J. Melish; Rev. uary 27th and 28th; Cleveland, January W. D. MacKenzie, D.D.; Rev. Floyd 28th and 29th; Pittsburg, January 31st Tomkins, D.D. and February I st; Baltimore, February 1st and 2d; Atlanta, February 3d and 4th; AGAINST COEDUCATION OF WHITES Philadelphia, February 9th and loth. The AND BLACKS second series will be in the Central West as follows: Cincinnati, March 21st and Berea College, in Kentucky, is one 22d; Nashville, March 22d and 23d; St. of the first educational institutions Louis, March 23d and 24th; Kansas City, which made the attempt to educate March 24th and 25th; Omaha, March whites and blacks in the same school. 25th and 26th; Minneapolis, March 28th In 1904, the Kentucky Legislature and 29th; Chicago, March 29th and 30th. enacted a law forbidding the attend- ance of blacks and whites at the same The following subjects will be dis- school. It was a severe blow to the cust: "To-day's Outstanding Prob- college. The question was taken to lems of Home Missions"; "The Unity the Supreme Court of the United states, which has just given a decision of the Church in its Mission to Amer- that the law is valid. The opinion of ica"; "A Christianized America-for Chief Justice Brewer applied the law Nation Building"; "A Christianized only to corporations, and not to indi- viduals, so that a private individual America-for World Redemption" ; may maintain a school for both whites and blacks, but no board of trustees "The Backward People"; "Our Ex- under a State charter. Justice Harlan dissented on the ground that the depanding Frontiers"; "The Immigra- cision does not meet squarely the questing and Emigrating Peoples"; "The tion whether it is a crime to educate Church and Its Resources-the Men whites and blacks together.

and the Means"; "City Evangeliza- It seems as tho race antipathy were taking, nowadays, a hydra-headed tion"; "The Church and rne Labor form, and no sooner is one matter of controversy settled than some new one Movement." The evening of the sec- emerges. Berea College has won for ond day will be devoted to denomina- itself a name and fame in its noble tional rallies which will be arranged work that should suffice to protect and vindicate it. We believe, however, for by the various denominational that this action against Berea will also work out for good, and that there will Home Missionary societies. be two Bereas in place of one if Among the speakers who have al- Christians rally to the support of negro education. ready consented to take part in this campaign are the following: Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, D.D.; Rev. H. L. Morehouse, D.D., LL.D.; Rev. C. L.

Thompson, D.D., LL.D. ; Bishop E. R.

Hendrix, D.D., LL.D.; Rev. James I. Vance, D.D.; Hon. Joshua Levering, LL.D.; Commissioner Robert Watchom; Rev. Arthur S. Lloyd, D.D. ; Rev. H. C. Herring, D.D.; Rev. L. C.

Barnes, D.D.; Rev. Frank Mason North, D.D.; Rev. Charles Stelzle; Rev. W. S. Holt, D.D.; Rev. Howard

J … CKSON'S FUR SUIT FOR SU),l:MEJ< l.'SE IN

From "The Life of Sheldon Jackson." By Prof. Robert Laird Stt:wart. Copyright ]908 by Fkll1ing H, Hevell Company

W ESTMINSTER COLLEGE, SALT LAKE CITY

1. WOMAN'S BUILDING. 2. CONVERSE HALL (ADMINISTRATION BUILDING) From "The Life of Sheldon Jackson." By Prof. Robert Laird Stewart.

Copyright 1908 by Fleming H. Revell Company

BEACON-LIGHTS IN MISSION

SHELDON' JACKSON. THE APOSTLE OF THE NORTHWEST * EDITORIAL About a half-a-century ago, in the Mexico; and, finally, he became the chapel of Princeton Theological Sem- apostle of Alaska-that farthermost inary, the eloquent Dr. McGill de- limit of the American nation; that livered a masterly sermon on the archipelago of the great northwest subject of Missions. He was a re- Pacific. markable preacher, and, in the course of his address, as tho inspired by some It will thus be seen that his labor sudden impulse, he looked straight in has ranged through nine States and the faces of the students before him, four Territories, in the new West bestretched out his long arm, and said yond the Mississippi, where it may be these memorable words : "Young truly said of him, like the Apostle man, if you can not be first, be fore- Paul, "In labors abundant, in journeys most." They were winged words and often, in perils of waters," he has they found their way both to the served his Jfaster and the destitute mind and heart of a young man who peoples of this great Western domain. was present; and who, from that moment, lived and labored in the spirit Dr. Jackson has lived a nomadic of this maxim: If in the race of life. His missionary career has been life he has not been first, he has cer- largely on foot, or in the most crude tainly been among the foremost, road vehicles; and on horse- or mulepressing always to the front in pio- back. Some attempt has been made neering work and laboriously endeav- to estimate the aggregate of distance, oring to carry the Gospel into the covered by his journeys, and it is Western wilds. thought that during the half-century he must have traveled at least That man was Sheldon Jackson. 1,000,000 miles! Vhile he resided in His life of service now covers a full Colorado, each trip to J·lontana must half-century, during which his labors have covered 1,500 miles, and southhave been very widely extended, and ward to Arizona fully 2,000. Durthe variety of his activity a positive ing thirteen continuous years he travphenomenon in the missionary world. eled nearly 350,000 miles, an average He first labored successfully as a for- each year of nearly 30,000. eign missionary in the Indian Territory among the Choctaws; then, after Extensive Travels a short period, he removed to the frontier lines of Iowa and Nebraska, While engaged in the purchase of where for a dozen years or more, as reindeer, in behalf of the Governhas been said of him, he "marshaled ment, in the decade of years between the advance guard of the Church 1890 and 1900, he made one trip to along the slopes of the Rocky Moun- the capital of Kamchatka, and thirtytains" from the northern border of two trips to northeastern Siberia; he Montana to the northern border of made twenty-six journeys to Alaska, each of which involved nearly 20,000 miles of travel; five times he went as far as Point Barrow, the northern- H4The Life of Sheldon Jackson," by Robert L. Stewart, $1.25, net. Fleming H, Revell Co., N. Y. 1908.

most settlement on the Western Con- There were many necessary perils tinent. Not only has his travel been involved in the travel, in exposing constant, but the most of it under his person to intensest cold and most conditions often very unenviable. violent storms of hail and snow, as Railroads were, of course, in their in- weIl as the dangers of ice on the river, fancy in the West, and the traveler traveling amid rapids and dangerous was glad to get a stage-coach, buck- floes. He has crossed mountains at board, lumber-wagon, mule team or a height of from 11,000 to 13,000 feet, ox-cart, and sometimes a reindeer- and has been ground amid ice-floes sledge on the land, and a dugout or and by the ice-packs in the arctic seas. canoe when no better vessel was at Three times his death has been rehand for water transportation. ported, and once he had an oppor- tunity to read his own obituary. Yet in this self-denying explorer, Sheldon Jackson, patience, courage His addresses have numbered thouand sacrifice have never given out. sands, his written reports hundreds, He seems to have had a remarkable and, in addition to all else, for ten power of adapting himself readily to years he edited The Rocky Mountain any variety of circumstances. He Presb),terian, and later on The North counted no ordinary discomforts as Star. Add to these countless letters worth mentioning, and submitted even -personal and official-and equally to the cramped positions necessary countless visits-personal and official in stage-coaches or on buckboards, -and we have some conception of hemmed in with baggage and the "abundant labors," if not of "stripes companionship of the most reckless above measure." and often profligate classes. Some of these trips lasted for days, often a Contributions to Science week or more of uninterrupted travel. Dr. Jackson is interested in every- Not only did Sheldon Jackson en- thing geographical, historical, palceodure discomforts, but he dared dan- logical, and, in the course of his misgers which were incident to the con- sionary tours, has discovered much dition of the territory through which valuable information and secured rare he journeyed, and the rough classes specimens of minerals, pottery and by whom it was partiaIly settled. He curios of various sorts which have enhas ridden with a rifle on his knee riched, for example, the Museum of or a pistol in his pocket in the midst Natural History 111 Sitka and in of murderous Apaches, or equally Princeton. murderous robbers and bandits, narrowly escaping death on more than He has been also a great orone occasion, and once himself taken ganizer; he has organized churches, for a robber or highwayman, with a presbyteries and synods. He has dozen revolvers pointed at him at seven times been a commissioner to once. In one case, the vehicle in the General Assembly, which also which he was riding plunged over a gave him its greatest honor in electsteep preCIpIce, he escaping only by ing him Moderator. So great has leaping out a moment before the been the confidence felt, both in plunge. his integrity and sagacity, that he has been commended by the Government to gather Indian pupils for the schools

BOREALIS, PRESBYTERIAN MISSION AT POINT BARROW~ ALASKA

BY DR. JACKSON} 1890. NORTHERN MOST V1LLAGE AND MISSION ON THE CONTINENT From "The Life of Sheldon Jackson." By Prof. Robert Laird Stewart. Copyright 1908 by Fleming H. Revell Company

SHELDON JACKSON LANDING THE FIRST HERD OF DOMESTICATED REINDEER

AMER I CA, JULY 4. 1892. 2. TH;E HERD. 3. THE FAMILY TEAM From "The Life of Sheldon Jackson." By Prof. Robert Laird Stewart. Copyright 1908 by Fleming H. Revell Company

BEACO~-LIGHTS IN MISSION

at Hampton and Carlisle, as well as to of the public. He has lived down purchase reindeer in Lapland, and misrepresentation and antagonism. render like service in the interest of He has been spoken against as an science and government, exploring evil-doer, but by his rood works which new fields, preparing the ground for men have beheld he has silenced acoccupancy, organizing and harmoni- cusation, and his consistency and conzing elements that were already disor- stancy have been his vindication. ganized, securing acceptable pulpit supplies and donations of money, the No doubt he has faults, and, like land for houses of worship and other well-meaning men, he has made schools, enlisting outside help for the mistakes, but they have not been misneeds of the great field beyond the takes due to insincerity or self-indul- "Father of Waters." Eleven thou- gence. sand Presbyterian churches have been organized in this Western region as He might have amassed wealth, but the result of his missionary labor. He he has traveled to enrich others; he has been called the pioneer, prospect- might have achieved worldly sucor and administrator all in one. We cesses, but he has preferred to proare not sure but he deserves the title mote the kingdom of God, and he has given to Livingstone in the Dark Con- been nowhere without leaving a blesstinent-"a missionary general and ing behind him, and the seecl that he statesman"; for the work he has done has sown abundantly has sprung up in the West strongly reminds us of in abundant harvest. the work of the great African explorer in the midst of the black men A Hero of Faith of the Dark Continent. The late Francis E. -Willard said, Mr. Charles Halleck, the well-known "You are one of my heroes. You editor and author, ventures to say of have stood for all our Gospel means, his power in this great home mission- not in a luxurious parish or splendid ary work that it is undoubtedly with- college, but out yonder on the edge out parallel in human history, not of things, where God's most friendonly in its religious and philanthropic less children turn toward you the eyes aspects, but in the extent of the itin- of pathos and hope." It was long erary, the diversity of labor and the ago said by a distinguished man "that multifarious services rendered on the the modern history of missions furside of one's fellow man. We have nished the twenty-ninth chapter of the serious doubt as to whether it is Acts of the Apostles," and another proper to speak in high terms of en- has said "that there is a new roll-call comium of any living individual, and of heroes in the record of home miswe feel sure that Dr. Jackson, humble sions which may be added to the and modest, would thus reply against eleventh chapter of Hebrews"-that any excessive praise, or even merited vVestminster Abbey of Old Testament expre69'ion of oblig'ation; but it is a saints. Our Lord's great command joy to see him, while yet living ancl to His disciples was: "Occupy till I active, enjoying the appreciation of come." This motto is specially aphimself and his work upon the part plicable to the western part of our great national heritage.

It is beyond the Rocky Mountains that the civilizations of the world, as

with conflicting tides, have met and upon the foundations he has laid, the dashed against one another. Mor- gold, silver and precious stones of a monism in the Salt Lake Valley, consecrated, acceptable service. The paganism, socialism and anarchism, pioneer stage has not yet passed, for with all other accompanying sons of there is plenty of work to be done in Anak, have their strongholds even the ever-increasing and extending teryet on the Western slopes. Suspi- ritories of the West, but there is much cion, ignorance, immorality and idol- work also to be carried on on the basis atry are still rampant beyond the Mis- of what has already been done, and sissippi, and it is owing to such a man God is looking to His Church, in as Sheldon Jackson that the strong- these days, to embrace the great opholds of these Anakim have been cap- portunity-which is at once a field tured and occupied for God. for home missionary and foreign missionary effort-home missionary What we need now is for men of in its location and often largely forlike spirit to follow up this courage- eign missionary in its population. ous and devoted pioneer and build, ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MISSIONARY WORK AMONG THE JEWS THE CENTENARY OF THE LONDON JEWS' SOCIETY BY REV. LO"UIS MEYER With a number of great gatherings tionalistic tendencies of the times. All in London from February 8 to 15, the other efforts to bring the Gospel to centenary year of the London Society the Jews, which were insignificant at for Promoting Christianity Amongst best, were practically at a standstill. the Jews (or London Jews' Society, A few faithful ministers of Christ in as it is commonly called), will come Germany and England remembered to its close. The greatest of all the the Jews, who were living in their missionary societies, organized for the parishes, and preached special serspecific purpose of preaching the Gos- mons to them, which in some instances pel to the Jews, now looks back upon were printed and distributed by them a century of earnest, faithful, fruitful as tracts to other Jews outside their service for the Master. The history parishes. But it might well be said of its work is a means of strengthen- that no organized efforts to bring the ing of our faith and incites us to an Gospel to the Jews were in existence increase of our efforts in the Master's as the nineteenth century commenced work for the Jews throughout the its eventful career. But the Lord was world. already preparing the instrument which He intended to use in the organ- The close of the eighteenth century ization of that great Jewish missionfound the great Lutheran Jewish mis- ary society which, by His blessing, sionary work in Germany, the Institu- was to become the mother of all modtum Judaicum in Halle, founded in ern missionary effort among the Jews. 1728 by the pious Professor Callenberg, abandoned on account of the ra- On May 8, 1798, a young Bavarian

IC)OC) MISSIONARY WORK AMONG THE JEWS

THE LONDON JEWSJ SOCIETY GIRLS SCHOOL IN TUNIS" NORTH AFRICA Jew, Joseph Samuel Levy, acknowl- Frey had a most remarkable dream, edged his faith in the Lord J eSl1S which he thus describes: Christ in public baptism in the large Lutheran church at New Branden- I read in a newspaper that the two burg, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and received, according to the common prac- brethren, Palm and Ulbricht, as well as tise, three additional names, so that he myself, were to preach in London; that was henceforth known as Joseph Sam- the Jews in particular were (in a most uel Christian Frederick Frey. The affectionate manner) invited to the disprovidence of God led him into the course which I was to deliver. The apcompany of deeply spiritual men, and pointed day approached; an immense as he grew in years, the earnest desire crowd collected, and I was enabled to to become a missionary to the heathen preach to them with great freedom and took hold of him, so that he entered to lift up. my voice like a trumpet. I the missionary seminary of Janike in thought that the effect of this discourse Berlin. Having been rejected by Dr. was, that I was afterward desired to stay Knap of Halle as a candidate for the in London to preach both to Jews and work of the Danish Missionary So- Gentiles; to which I replied, that I could ciety "on account of his having been not possibly part with my dear brethren, a Jew," Frey, together with Palm and Palm and Ulbricht, and let them go Ulbricht, was sent to London in Sep- alone, but, that if the directors would tember, 1801, that the three might send for another missionary to accomenter the service of the London Mis- pany those brethren, I would consent; sionary Society and go to the assist- and with which the directors having comance of Dr. Van der Kemp in Africa. plied, I resolved to remain in England.

On September 15, rSor, while wait- That remarkable dream became ing in Gravesend to go up to London, true, for five months later, the direct- ors of the London Missionary So- ciety, having learned that Frey was a Jew and had shown great interest in his Jewish brethren in London, asked him if he would like to stay in

the city and preach to the Jews. Frey spiritual concerns of the Society con- consented, but asked that he be per- nected with the chapels, the schools, mitted to prepare himself for the and the education of missionaries be work at the famous Gosport Mission- henceforth separately conducted by ary Seminary. In May, 1805, he the churchmen and dissenters respect- commenced his regular labors as a ively," proved a failure. The raising missionary of the London Mission- of funds became more and more diffi- ary Society among the Jews in Lon- cult, so that the Society was $70,000 don, and three Jews, the first fruits in debt at the beginning of the year of his labors, were publicly baptized 1815. Then the dissenters decided to in September, 1806. Soon, however, withdraw in favor of their brethren difficulties arose in regard to the ques- of the Established Church, and on tion of temporal relief for Jews, and lIarch 14, 1815, the Society was de- a society was formed on August 4, clared to be exclusively a Church of 1808, for the purposes of visiting and England institution. Churchmen have relieving the sick and dis trest, espe- been the sole managers of the Society .cially Jews, of which Frey became since then.

president. This undenominational Sir Thomas Baring became presi- society was renamed "The London dent; Lewis Way paid $50,000 of the Society for the Promotion of Chris- Society's debt from a bequest left to tianity Amongst the Jews" ( subse- him, and friends quickly paid the re- quently modified into "for Promoting maining debt of $20,000, so that the Christianity Amongst the Jews"), on London Jews' Society entered upon its February 15, 1809, and Frey severed existence as an institution conducted his connection with the London Mis- in strict conformity to the liturgy and sionary Society and became the lec- formularies of the Church of Eng- turer of the new society. He began a land unencumbered and free from debt.

course of lectures in the French- Frey had to step out, receiving an an- Protestant church which attracted nuity of $500 for the first year and large congregations, among whom $250 for the next ten years. He went were from two to three hundred Jews. to the United States, where he became A considerable number of Jews pub- intimately connected with missionary licly con fest Christ in baptism. work among the Jews scattered But soon internal discord and theo- throughout the East and South, and logical differences arose among the died as pastor of the Baptist Church members of the undenominational in Pontiac, Mich., on January 5, 1850.

society, for churchmen and dissent- The business of the reconstructed ers were unable to agree. The foun- Society is managed by a committee dation-stone of "Palestine Place," the composed of from eighteen to twenty- famous chapel of the Society in Beth- four lay members of the Established nal Green, had been laid by the Duke Church of England or of the Church of Kent in April, 1813, and the church of Ireland, the patron, the vice-pa- had been solemnly dedicated on July trons, the president, vice-presidents, 16, 1814, but non-conformists could trustees, treasurer, secretaries, and of not officiate in it. An attempt to solve all such clergymen as shall have been the difficulties by resolving that "the five years members of the Society. At

WORK AMONG THE JEWS

present the patron of the Society is emperors, kings, and princes at Aix- ~he Archbishop of Canterbury, while la-ChapelIe, and asked that equal civil the great majority of archbishops and rights be granted to the Jews every- bishops of the Church of England in where. In 1821 he placed at the So- Great Britain and its colonies, and a ciety's disposal Aldsworth House, few Lords (among them the Earl of Stanstead, in Sussex, where the sem- "berdeen, who is an elder of the inary for the training of missionaries Church of Scotland, we believe), are was located, and in 1829 he presented its vice-patrons. Its president is Sir his valuable library of Hebrew and John H. Kennaway, and its secreta- other Jewish books to the seminary.

ries are the Rev. W. T. Gidney and Lewis Way died on January 23, I 840, the Rev. F. L. Denman. "the best earthly friend, out of many Immediately after the reconstruc- good friends, whom Almighty God tion in the year 1815, famous church- has vouchsafed to the Society during men came to the aid of the Society, its hundred years." "The providen- and among its most active helpers tial circumstances under which Lewis were found the great Charles Simeon, Way was led to take an interest in the famous Legh Richmond, the elo- the Society were of a strange and quent W. Marsh, and many others. romantic character, and the following The auxiliaries, founded in the differ- account of them was furnished by a ent parts of the kingdom between member of his family. Two friends, 181O and 1815, were reorganized upon himself and another, were riding one a church basis, and the support from day, in the winter of 18II, from Ex- church people gradually increased, so mouth to Exeter, when their atten- that within five years after the reor- tion was called to a group of oaks.

ganization the annual income rose to They were told that a Miss Jane Par- more than $5°,000. The enthusiastic minter, who had lately died, was so Lewis Way, who had led so mag- deeply interested in the welfare of the nanimously in the paying of the debt, Jews that she left a clause in her will traveled at his own expense through that those trees should not be cut the countries of the Continent and down until the Jews had returned to Palestine in the interest of the work. their own land. This striking story In Berlin the British minister, Sir about the "Oaks of a la Ronde," as George Rose, took a lively interest they were called, so imprest Way that and a local mission, with the great an interest and spiritual concern for Professor Tholuck as the Society's the salvation of Israel at once sprang representative, was established a few up in his heart. He made inquiries years later. In Russia the Czar, whether any Christians had ever done Alexander I, granted him an inter- anything in this direction, heard of view, and received him so graciously the London Jews' Society, which was that on July 20, 1817, the committee then struggling along, and at once decided to establish a mission among came to its rescue in the princely way the Jews of Russian Poland; but already recorded. The fact which Warsaw, the first station, was not oc- transpired many years later (in cupied until 182I. It was Lewis Way 1882), that no such clause as that to who appeared before the gathering of which 'Nay's notice was called existed

in Jane Parminter's will, does not in- Girls' schools, and several residences.

validate the other fact, that his love In the Jews' Chapel, which was dedi- for the Jews was the result of what cated on July 16, 1814, 1,765 persons he heard, even tho it was but a pious of the Jewish race were baptized in fiction." * the eighty-one years of its use. It had We have no space to follow the seen the formation of the first exclu- missionaries of the Society as they sively Hebrew Christian Association, occupy or traverse the different couu- "The Children of Abraham," on Sep- tries where Jews are fouud, and simply tember 9, 1813. It had been the spir- give the names of some places and itual home of the converts of the the year in which the work there was' Society, the boys and girls of the mis- begun; Holland, India, Palestine, and sionary schools, the students of the Germany, 1820; Russian Poland, Missionary College, and the inmates 1821; Prussian Poland and Hamburg, of the Operative Jewish Converts' In- 1825; Asia Minor, 1829; Algiers, stitution (a kind of industrial school 1832; Austrian Poland, 1833; Tunis, for converts founded in 1829). Almost 1834; Turkey in Europe, 1835; Bag- every Lord's day afternoon and on dad, 1844; Rumania, 1846; Egypt, all the great Jewish feasts a service 1847; Persia, 1851; Abyssinia, 1859; in Hebrew, followed by a sermon in France, 1869; Italy, 1870; Austria, German, had been held in it. In the 1871; Montreal, 1902. To-day the schools multitudes of Jewish boys and London Jews' Society has 46 stations girls had received Christian instruc- in Great Britain, Germany, Holland, tion. Yet the cause of Christ among Austria-Hungary, France, Italy, the Jews in London was served best Russia, Turkey, Asia Minor, Pal- by its surrender before the lease ex- estine, Syria, Persia, Abyssinia, pired in 1910, and thus Palestine Egypt, Morocco, Tunis, and Can- Place is only a memory of the past.

ada. It employs a staff of 222 No new Jews' chapel has been missionary workers of all kinds, and erected, but the missionary schools the aggregate income from all sources have found a beautiful and comfort- amounted to more than $246,000 in able home on Streatham Common, 190 7. London, S. W., while the Operative Of all the stations the most im- Jewish Converts' Institution is no portant and best equipped is London. longer subsidized by the Society since Palestine Place, in Bethnal Green, 1893, and has found a permanent whose foundation-stone had been laid home in Bodney Road, Hackney.

by the Duke of Kent in 1813, re- Since 1895 the mission hall in White- mained the center of activity until chapel is the center of the work in 1895, when its ninety-nine years' London, while six parochial missions, lease was relinquished. It contained in Spitalfields, Whitechapel, Stepney, _ a group of institutions; namely, the and Canonbury, are trying to reach Missionary College, the Operative those Jews in London who can not be Jewish Converts' Institution, the fa- reached from the mission hall. The mous Jews' Chapel, the Boys' and the total number of workers now em- • Gidney, "History of the London Jews' So· ployed in London is twenty-eight, and ciety," p. 151. eleven Jews were baptized in 1907.

MISSIONARY WORK AMONG THE JEWS

Next in importance is the work of and is really the father of the whole the London Jews' Society in Pales- work; while Stern came in 1859, and tine, especially in Jerusalem. In J eru- persuaded Flad to become connected salem are thirty mIssIOnary agents with the London Jews' Society. In employed in the Boys' and Girls' 1862 the first twenty-two Falashas Boarding Schools, the Honse of In- were baptized, among them the fadustry, the Inquirers' Home, the Med- mous Debtera Beru. Then some difical Mission and Hospital, and the ficulties arose. The Queen of Engpreaching of the Gospel. The sta- land failed to answer a letter of King A LONDON J£WS' SOCIETY MEETING IN THE MISSION HALL} ROTTERDAM tions outside Jerusalem are Siloam, Theodore of Abyssinia, while Na- Safed, Haifa, and Jaffa. poleon's answer gave great offense, so that the King was angry with all The most romantic field of the So- Europeans. Stern, in his book, ciety is Abyssinia, where its mission- "Wanderings Among the Falashas in aries took over the work of the Chris- Abyssinia," spoke of Theodore's humchona Brethren (commenced in 1855), ble origin and aroused the anger of among the Falashas, the black Jews the monarch still more. Soon after, of Abyssinia, in 1859. The names of in 1863, Stern was received by the Martin Flad, the pioneer missionary, King, and he ordered Stern's servants and Herman A. Stern, the martyr of flogged, because their mode of inter- Abyssinia, are closely connected with preting was obnoxious to him. Stern it. Flad reached Abyssinia in 1855, became nervous and bit his finger, ways emphasized the necessity of unaware that such a gesture in Abys- good missionary literature, tho it has SlUm meant revenge. The King be- not done much free distribution of it. came incensed. Stern was struck In 1817 the first issue of the Hebrew down, bound hand and foot, and con- New Testament appeared (revised in signed to prison. Four years and a 1838), while the translation of the half he was to suffer heartrending and Old Testament into Jud.eo-Polish heartbreaking martyrdom. Soon he was published in 1830. "The Pilwas joined by his helper Rosenthal grim's Progress" was printed in Heand his wife, the English consul, Mr. brew in 1844. Many tracts for Taland Mrs. Flad, and a number of oth- l11udical Jews, and lately some for ers. Flad was released and sent to modern Jews, have been published, the Queen of England. Days, months, and the Yiddish missionary publicayears of suffering and peril of life went by, until at last an English army tion K ot M -bhasser, edited by Rev. A. under Sir Robert Napier arrived. Then Theodore released the prison- Bernstein in London, is greatly appreers. A decisive defeat of the husky ciated by Jews everywhere. monarch followed; Magdala, the stronghold, was stormed and cap- The results of the hundred years' tured, and Theodore took his own work of the London Jews' Society life. The missionaries returned to can not be given in figures. The Europe, and Flad settled in Canstatt, number of Jews baptized by its faith- Germany, watching for an opportu- ful missionaries or as a fruit of their nity to return to the Falashas, but consecrated efforts can not be ascerfaithful Debtera Beru carried on the tained. But among its converts we work among his brethren in the mean- find Hebrew Christians whose names time. The time for the return of the are known the world over, among European missionaries to Abyssinia them Bishops Alexander, Hellmuth, has not yet come, neither King John and Schereschewsky, Moses Margonor King Menelek being willing to liouth, and many others. Among its grant permission for it, yet faithful missionaries we find the great Mc- Falasha Christians have carried on Caul, author of the "Old Paths," a the work with much zeal and success. book that has not been answered by Mr. Flad still keeps in touch with his the Jewish rabbis; Ewald, Guinsburg, spiritual children in Abyssinia by let- Bruehl, Eppstein, and a galaxy of ter, and in spite of opposition, and other noble, consecrated Jews and even persecution, the Gospel has pros- Gentiles whose love to Christ has pered among the Falashas, of whom forced them to preach His riches to 1,513 have been baptized in the Abys- the Jews throughout the world. The sinian Church, indirect fruits of the results of their labors upon the J ewwork of Flad and Stern. ish hearts none can even estimate.

The London Jews' Society has al- Our prayer at this centenary is that the Lord will abundantly increase the usefulness and strength of the So- ciety to the salvation of Israel. PREPARED BY MISS BELLE M. BRAIN Feb. 1. 1801.-Birth of Titus Coan, of Feb. 17, 1818.-Death of Obookiah. Hawaii. See "Transformation of Hawaii," by Brain. See "Adventures in Patagonia" and "Life in Hawaii," by Titus eGan. Feb. 18, 1781.-Birth of Henry Martyn, of India. Feb. 1, 1801.-Birth of George Dana Boardman, of Burma. See "Pioneers and Founders," by Yonge; HModern Heroes of the Mission Field," by See "Encyclopedia of .Missions." Walsh; and "Men of !light in India's Mis- sions," by Holcomb. Feb. 2, 1807.-Birth of Eliza Agnew, of Ceylon. Feb. 18, 1867.-Death of William Good- dell, of Turkey. See "Eminent Missionary Women," by Mrs. Gracey, ;lso, 'THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, See "Encyclopedia of Missions." August, 1890, p. 596. Feb. 19, 1812.-Adoniram Judson sailed Feb. 6, 1812.-0rdination of Judson, Hall, for India. ~ ewell, N ott and Rice, the first foreign missionaries from America. See I'Life of Adoniram Judson," by Edward Judson. See article in this number of REVIEW, p. 100. Feb. 20, 1873.-Japanese sign-boards with Feb. 8, 1890.-Death of Alexander 1-Iack- edicts against Christianity removed. ay, of Uganda. See "Gist of Japan." by Peery, and "All See "11ackay of egallda," by his sister, and About Japan," by Brain. "Uganda's Vhite l'1'Iall of Work," by Fahs. Feb. 21, 1869.-Public Baptism of Rana- Feb. 8, 1903.-Death of the Rev. Boon valona II., in Madagascar. Boon Ttt, of Siam. See :MISSIONARY REVIEW, November, 1890, p. See MISSIONAHY REVIEW, May, 1904, p. 375. 808.

Feb. 9, 1818.-David Jones and Thomas Feb. 22, l870.-James Gilmour sailed for China. Bevan sailed for Madagascar. See "James Gilmour of Mongolia," by Lovett. See ".Madagascar of To-day," by Wm. E. Cousins. Feb. 22, 1875.-Mtesa's request for mis- sionaries given through Henry M. Feb. 10, 1822.-Death of Levi Parsons, of Stanley. Syria. See '4Mackay of Uganda," by his sister. See "Encyclopedia of :Missions." Feb. 23, l719.-Death of Bartholomew Feb. 10, 1870.-0rdination of James Gil- Ziezenbalg, of India. mour, of Mongolia. See "Protestant Missions," by Thompson and See uJames Gilmour of llongolia," by Richard "Men of ~right in India's Missions," by Lovett. Holcowb.

Feb. 11, 1831.-Death of George Dana Feb. 25, 1812.-Completion of the Per- Boardman. sian New Testament, by Henry Mar- tyn. See "Encyclopedia of 11issions." See references given for birth of Martyn. Feb. 11, 1889.-Religious liberty pro- claimed in Japan. Feb. 28, 1797.-Birth of Mary Lyon, of Persia. See "Japan and Its Hegeneration," by Cary. See "Eminent Missionary Women," by Mrs. Feb. 12, 1878.-Death of Alexander Duff, Gracey. of India. A Missionary Anniver.ary Program See "Life of Alexander Duff," by Smith; "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field," by for Febl'UaI')". (See p. 100.) Walsh; and ":'lien of Might in India's Mis- sions," by Holcomb. SCRIPTURE LESSON; "The Ordination of the First Foreign Missionaries;' Acts 13: Feb. 13, 1798.-Death of Christian Fred- 1-5. erick Schwartz, of India. QUOTATIONS: (To be memorized, or used as See "Pioneers and Founders," by Y onge j wall mottoes.) "Protestant 1-fissions," by Thompson; "He- roes of the Mission Field," by Walsh; and "We can do it if we will."-SAMUEL J. "Men of :Might in India's Missions," by Holcomb. MILLS. "The prospects are as bright as the prom- Feb. 14, 1831.-Birth of James Stewart, ises of God."-ADONIRAM JUDSON. of Lovedale, South Africa. MAP: On a Mercator's map of the world See :MISSIONARY REVIEW, April, 1906, p. 290. trace the journeys of each of these first foreign missionaries from Amer- Feb. 14, 1792.-Birth of William Gooddell, ica, marking their final destination with a star. It will add to the interest if of Turkey. cords of different colors are used to indi- cate the journeys-red for the Judsons, See "Encyclopedia of lVIissions." blue for the Newells, pink for Hall, green for the Notts, and yellow for Rice. Feb. 15, 1809.-Founding of the "London Society for Promoting Christianity Among the Jews."

See ~rticle on p. 92 of this number of the REVIEW.

Feb. 15, 1865.-Birth of the Rev. Boon Boon Itt.

See M,SSIONARY REVIEW, May, 1904. p. 375. AMERICA'S FIRST FOREIGN MISSIONARIES Ordained February 6, 1812. Sailed February 19, 1812.

BY MISS BELLE M. BRAIN, DETROIT, MICHIGAN Author of HAdventures with Four-footed Folk," etc.

In the Tabernacle Church at Salem, up, was continued under a haystack lTass., there is a quaint old settee that in the meadow. As some of those is carefully preserved as a sacred and present were studying geography, the precious relic. On it sat Judson, thought turned upon the continent of Hall, Newell, Nott and Rice on that Asia and its deep moral darkness. memorable day in February, 1812, Mills, whose great life purpose was when they were ordained to foreign ever uppermost in mind, at once pro- missIOnary service. Above it hangs posed that they themselves send the a picture of the scene as quaint and Gospel to these benighted peoples. curious as the bench itself. "We can do it if we will," he added, most earnestly. Great as was the proj- The formal setting apart of these ect, the little company at once asfirst foreign missionaries from Amer- sented to it, and the meeting closed with fervent prayers for the realiza- THE FAMOUS MISSIONARY SETTEE tion of their vision.

ica marked the dawn of a new era in Little did these young men-the the world's evangelization. The events "Haystack Heroes," we call themwhich led up to it were as follows: realize the greatness of their action. As theirs was the first definite resolu- In the spring of 1806, Samuel J. tion, so far as known, made on this side of the Atlantic to send the Gos- Mills, an earnest young Christian in pel to the heathen, that sultry Saturwhose heart the desire to be a mis- day in the summer of 1806 is regarded sionary had become a ruling passion, as the birthday, and the haystack in entered Williams College to prepare the meadow as the birthplace of for his chosen calling. A revival was American Foreign Missions. The date in progress there, and during the sum- has been lost, but the site of the haymer which followed a little group of stack is marked by an appropriate students, of whom Mills was one, met monument of marble. twice a week for prayer in a grove near the college. One Saturday after- The next definite step was taken noon, late in July or early in August, two years later, when, on September it was so hot and sultry that five only 7, 1808, after months of prayer and deliberation, five young men, two of -Samuel J. Mills, James Richards, whom had been present at the hay- stack, met under the leadership of Francis L. Robbins, Harvey Loomis Mills and organized a society known and Byram Green-were in attend- as the Brethren, each member of ance. The meeting began in the which took a solemn pledge to go to grove, but, a thunder-storm coming the heathen. Public opinion being opposed to missions, its organization was kept secret and its constitution dra wn up in cipher.

AMERICA'S FIRST FOREIGN MISSIONARIES

Early in 1810, when Mills entered men from America. This aroused Andover to complete his preparation, Mills to action. he found there was not only some of his old associates from Williams, but "What!" he exclaimed, "is England also three new men-Adoniram J ud- to support her own missionaries and son, Jr., from Brown; Samuel Nott, ours likewise? Oh, shame!" Jr., from Union, and Samuel Newell, from Harvard-in whose hearts God At his instigation, and acting on the advice of the faculty and several prominent pastors, four of the volun- By courtesy of the Missionary Herald ORDINATION OF THE MISS[QNARIES ]N 1812 had planted the same holy purpose. teers-Judson, Nott, Newell and These soon signed the constitution of Mills-appeared before the Massathe Society of the Brethren, which chusetts General Association of Conhad now been transferred to the sem- gregational Churches, in session at inary. Bradford, and on Thursday after- noon, June 28, 1810, presented a paper There was thus a band of college- drawn up by Judson and signed by trained men ready to go to the field, the four, in which they made known but as yet no society in America to their desire to go to the heathen, and send them. Becoming impatient of asked if they might hope for support delay, in April, 1810, Judson, whose from a society in America. Two brilliant intellect naturally made him others, James Richards and Luther a leader, wrote to the London Mis- Rice, had at first been included, but sionary Society to ask if they would their names were withdrawn lest the be willing to send out several young

Association be so alarmed at the honor man from Williams, was glad prospect of supporting siX' foreign to take his place) were appointed missionaries as to immediately veto missionaries of the Board "to labor in the project! Asia, in the Burman empire, in Surat, in the Prince of Wales Island, After long discussion the matter or elsewhere, as Providence shall was referred to a committee, with the open the most favorable door." The result that on the following day, June salary was fixt at $666.66 for a mar- 29, 1810, an American Board of Com- ried couple and $44445 for a single missioners for Foreign Missions was man. No time was set for their deappointed to look after the whole mat- parture. They were merely counseled ter. Thus was born the famous Amer- to continue their studies and wait paican Board, which for almost a cen- tiently for future developments. tury has taken so large a part in the world's evangelization. Its first meet- Of the four, Hall alone expected ing was held at Farmingham, Conn., to go out unmarried. Judson's promon September 5, 1810, around a little ised wife, Ann Hasseltine, was a very mahogany table which is still pre- beautiful girl, of many accomplishserved in the rooms of the Board in ments, whom he had first met on that Boston. memorable day when he and his com- panions appeared before the General The first question that faced the Association at Bradford. Judson's infant Board was one of means. The son tells about this meeting: men were ready, but there was almost no money. In view of this, in January, "The story is told that during the I8I1, Judson was sent to Eng- sessions the ministers gathered for a land to confer with the London Mis- dinner beneath 1fr. Hasseltine's hossionary Society relative to prosecu- pitable roof. His youngest daughter, ting the work jointly with that body. Ann, was waiting on the table. Her The directors wisely declined to form attention was attracted to the YOLlng any alliance with the Americans, but student whose bold missionary projagreed to receive their missionaries ects were making sLlch a stir. But until their own support could be man- what was her surprize to observe, as aged. she moved about the table, that he seemed completely absorbed in his "We hope," they said, "that when plate! Little did she dream that she the American churches know that had already woven her spell around four of their own number have en- his young heart, and that he was, at gaged in the service, they will give that very time, composing a graceful so liberally that not only four, but stanza in her praise." forty may go forth." Harriet Atwood, Newell's bride, But the proffered help was not was a charming girl, scarcely more needed, for the Board decided to sup- than seventeen, when she promised to port its own missionaries. At its sec- go with him to far-off Asia. Born in ond meeting, held September II, a neighboring town and educated at 1811, Messrs. Judson, Hall, Newell the same academy, Ann Hasseltine and Nott (it was deemed expedient was her friend and companion, and for Mills to remain for a time in this it was largely through her that her country, and Gordon Hall, a first-

AMERICA'S FIRST FOREIGN MISSIONARIES !O3

thoughts had been turned to the suIt, persecution and perhaps a violent heathen. Both felt called to the field death? Can you consent to all this for independently of their husbands, and the sake of Him who left His heavenly both were ready to lay down their home and died for you and for her; for lives for the cause. Soon after deci- the sake of perishing immortal souls; for ding to go, Harriet Atwood wrote in the sake of Zion and the glory of God? her journal: Can you consent to all this in the hope of soon meeting your daughter in the N ever before did my dear mamma and world of glory, with a crown of rightmy brothers and sisters appear so dear eousness, brightened by the acclamations to me. But God commands me. How of praise which shall redound to her Sacan I ever pray for the promotion of vior from heathen saved, through her the Gospel among the heathen if I am means, from eternal wo and despair? unwilling to offer my little aid when such an opportunity is given. . . . Oh, At length, most unexpectedly, the could I be the instrument of bringing one time for their departure arrived. In degraded female to Jesus, how I should January, 1812, HaIl and Nott, who be repaid for every tear and every pain! were studying medicine in Philadel- phia, came to Boston in great haste It is hard to realize what it cost to to say that the H armany would sail be a missionary in those early days. in two weeks for Calcutta, and would No one had as yet left America to go take them as passengers! Shortly to the heathen, and public sentiment after it was learned that the Caravan, was opposed to it. For a man it was bound for the same port, would sail regarded as absurd in the extreme; before long from Salem, and would for a woman, entirely "inconsistent take the rest of the party. These anwith prudence and delicacy." The nouncements threw the Board into a voyage was long, the climate of In- great state of perplexity. There was dia unfavorable, and the character of only $r,200 on hand and $5,000 at the natives so little known that life least would be neecled. Yet opporitself seemed in danger. Then, too, tunities for obtaining passage to India letters fro,n home must necessarily be were of stich rare occurrence that infrequent, and the engagement was they dared not let these pass by. Fifor life, with no provision for fur- nally, in fear and trembling, they loughs. Yet these young missionaries resolved to sencl the missionaries out, had fully counted the cost-how fully Luther Rice, at his urgent request, may be inferred from the following being added to the number. Well it letter written by Judson to Mr. Has- was that they came to this decision, seltine when asking for his daughter's for in June war broke out with Great hand: Britain, which would have delayed their going for years. I have now to ask whether you can consent to part with your daughter early The ordination service, which took next spring to sec her no more in this place, as has been said, on Thursday, world? Whether you can consent to her 17ebruary 6, in the Tabernacle at departure to a heathen land, and her sub- Salem, was a solemn and impressive jection to the hardships and sufferings of occasion. The sight of five young a missionary life? Vhether you can con- men-no mention is made of the sent to her exposure to the dangers of young women-whose talents were the ocean; to the fatal influences of the such that they might have filled promclimate of southern India; to every kind of want and distress; to degradation, in-

inent pulpits at home, giving up their Board was able to meet all expenses earthly prospects to go to the heathen, for passage and outfit and give to moved the great audience so deeply each missionary more than a year's that many shed tears. salary to take with him.

That same evening Messrs. Hall On June 17, 1812, :lfter a long voyand Rice, with Mr. and Mrs. Nott, age of four months, the Caravan, with left for Philadelphia to be in season the Judsons and Newells on board, for the sailing of the Harmony. arrived at Calcutta. Here they were Messrs. Judson and Newell, with welcomed by Carey, who invited them DEPARTURE OF THE aCARAVANU FOR INDIA, CARRYING THE JUDSONS AND THE NEWELLS 'It This little vessel sailed from the harbor, Salem, Mass., February 19, 1812 their wives, remained, expecting to to become the guests of the missionsail early the next week from Salem. aries at Serampore while they waited Both vessels were unexpectedly de- for the coming of their colleagues. tained. The Caravan finally sailed on Kind as he was to them, the great the 19th, and the Harmony on the Baptist missionary did not form a 20th; but the latter, owing to con- high estimate of their ability. They trary winds, was obliged to put back were delicate, slender, refined-looking into port, and did not get away until people, and all seemed so youthful. the 24th. This detention, tho trying "I have little hope from the Amerito the missionaries, was evidently in cans," he wrote. "If they should reaccordance with the providence of main in the East, American habits are God. So great was the interest too luxurious for a preparation to aroused by their departure that money live among savages." Little did he began to flow in from all quarters. know the heroism of which these New By the time the vessels saile~ the Englanders were capable.

.. The picture is from an exceptionally fine steel engraving which appeared in a book known as the "Judson Offering" printed in 1846 as a memorial of Judson's visit to the United States. The cut js loaned by the courtesy of the Baptist Missionary Magazine.

AMERICA'S FIRST FOREIGN MISSIONARIES

The stay in Serampore was most she was released from her sufferings restful after the long ocean voyage, and laid to rest in Port Louis.

but not long were they allowed to Thus passed away the first Amer- remain there in peace. India was at ican foreign missionary martyr-for that time under the control of the martyr indeed she was, a victim of the East India Company, which was hos- East India Company's persecution.

tile to missions, and almost immedi- Hers is one of the saddest deaths on ately Judson and Newell received or- record, yet one of the most glorious ders to return to America at once in and fruitful. From the beginning she the vessel that had brought them. knew she could not recover, yet she Through the intercession of friends in Serampore and Calcutta, they ob- tained permission to remain, but for a brief time only. The next question was where they should go. Burma was distracted by war, and the gov- ernment so cruel and despotic it seemed useless to think of establish- ing a mission there, and permission to settle elsewhere in India was denied them. Finally, having heard of a pos- sible opening in the Isle of France, now called Mauritius, on August 4, Mr. and Mrs. Newell took passage thither. As the vessel could accom- modate but two, the Judsons re- mained at Calcutta, hoping soon to ADONIRAM JUDSON follow. First American lIissionary to Burma The voyage proved long and disastrous. Owing to storms they were never murmured nor regretted the driven about for more than a month step she had taken, but talked calmly in the Bay of Bengal, and at length of death and the glory that was to were obliged to put in for repairs at follow. Tho not permitted to be "the Coringa. Again delayed by storms, instrument of bringing one degraded Mrs. Newell became the mother of female to ]tcSUS," her consecrated life a little daughter while on shipboard. and early death did as much as many All went well for a few days; but a long life spent in the service. Her another storm coming on, both mother story was told far and wide in Amerand baby took cold, with the result ica, and the tenderest feelings of adthat the baby died and was buried at miration and awe gathered around the young New England girl who died a sea, and the mother contracted hasty stranger in a strang" land before she consumption, from which she never was twenty. Christians of her day recovered. Early in November they were moved to give and pray as never reached their destination, and three before for missions, and so many weeks later, on November 30, 1812, mothers named daughters for her, in

the hope that they might catch some- ond great missionary society of Amer- thing of her spirit, that more than one ica came into existence.

Harriet Newell has told the love of Cnable to secure passage to the Isle Christ in heathen lands and won the of France as they had promised Hall souls she hoped to win. and the Kotts were forced to remain at Calcutta. In October, however, On August 8, four days after the they resolved to attempt the estabdeparture of the ~ewells, the H ar- lishment of a mission in Bombay, mOllY, with Hall, Rice and the Notts where there was a new governor faon board, arrived at Calcutta. Almost vorable to missions. They obtained immediately they, too, received orders permission to depart in the ship C0111to return home in the vessel that had merce; but on November 17, when brought them. Only by the most ur- their baggage was on board and their gent appeals did they obtain permis- passage-money paid, they were orsion to remain until passage could be dered to embark in one of the East Insecured to Port Louis. But this was dia Company's vessels for EnglanJ.

only the beginning of their troubles. They succeeded, however, in evading ~Jot long after, the J udsons made the this order, and on February II, after startling disclosure that, as a result a voyage of eleven weeks, arrived in of a study begun on shipboard, they Bombay. Here difficulties almost in- were about to sever their connection surmountable awaited them. Again with the American Board and cast and again they were ordered to Eng- their lot with the Baptists! A little land; but after nearly a year, through later Rice confest that, tho on a dif- the kindly offices of the Christian ferent vessel, he had been led in the . governor, they obtained permission to same way and felt impelled to take remain in Bombay~ The llarathi Mis- the same action. sion of the American Board-the To all concerned-the J udsons first Protestant mission on the west themselves, their associates in India, coast of India-which they were thus and their friends and supporters at enabled to establish, has continued in home-this event was most trying. successful operation until the present Yet in this, as in all else connected day .

.with this first little band of mission- Rice and the J UdSOI1S, who also had aries from America, the hand of God been unable to get away, remained in was manifestly guiding. vVhen the Calcutta until the end of ?ovember, news reached America, the Baptists, when the East India Company, becom- then a small and scattered denomina- ing impatient, they were peremptorily tion, were so fired with enthusiasm ordered to England. Just then, how- that, on May 18, 1814, they met in ever, the Creole arrived, bound for Philadelphia and formed the organi- the Isle of France, and by the use of zation now known as the American strategy they got on board and made Baptist Missionary Union, one of the their escape. Six weeks later they first acts of which was to adopt the reached Port Louis, little knowing Judsons and Rice as its missionaries. what had befallen the Newells. Un- Thus, through an event that appeared der date of January 13, 1813, Mrs.

at the time most disastrous, the sec- J uelson wrote:

AMERICA'S FIRST FOREIGN

Have at last arrived in port; but, oh, by the Baptists, they had no one to turn what news, what distressing news! Har- to for guidance. It was finally decided riet is dead. Harriet, my dear friend, my that Rice, whose health was impaired, earliest associate in the mis;rion, is no should return to America to arouse more. 0 death! thou destroyer of do- interest among the Baptists, while the mestic felicity, could not this wide world afford thee victims to satisfy thy cra- J udsons remained to enter any door vings, without entering the family of a soli- which God in His providence should tary few, whose comfort and happiness open before them. On March 15 depended much on the society of each Rice sailed for America, where he other? Could not this infant mission be succeeded in creating unbounded enshielded from thy shafts? But thou hast only executed the commission of a higher thusiasm for missions. Two months power. Be still, my heart, and know that later the J udsons sailed for Madras, God has done it. Just and true are Thy only to find on arriving that the East ways, 0 thou King of saints! Who India Company was more hostile than would not fear Thee? Who would not ever to missions. Knowing that as love Thee?

N ewell, broken-hearted and alone, soon as an order could be received bereft of wife and child, and cut off from Bengal they would be arrested from his friends by denominational and sent to England, Judson inquired barriers, sailed for Ceylon on Feb- the destination of every ship in the ruary 24, where he hoped to establish harbor. The only one that would sail a missioG. Here he remained, doing ill season was the "Georgianna," bound what he could, until January, 1814, for Rangoon. Thus strangely did God when, having learned that Nott and choose their destination for them.

Hall had been allowed to rcmain in They had been led to regard Burma Bombay, he joined them and became with feelings of horror, yet rather identified with their mission. Shortly than be sent to England and fail in after his arrival N ott, who was un- their mission, they commended them- able to endure the climate of India, selves to God and embarked on June returned with his wife to America, 22. The Georgiallna was "a crazy where both did what they could to old vessel" with no accommodations advance the cause of the mission. whatever, and the voyage a stormy Newell and Hall remained at their one, during which Mrs. Judson was post until God called them up higher. so ill it was feared she would die.

Strange to say, both died of cholera Yet at the end of three weeks they -Newell on May 30, 1821, and Hall reached their destination in safety.

on March 20, 1826-contracted while On July 13, 181 3, Mrs. Judson was ministering to the needs of the na- carried ashore, and work was begun tives. Their careers, tho short, were for the Burmans. The ontlook was eminently useful, and the names of dark and discouraging, yet God had both are fragrant in India. made no mistake. In this dread land, Left alone at Port Louis, Rice and where it was death to renounce the the J udsons found themselves facing faith of Buddha, Judson was to plant questions which greatly perplexed one of the most famous and snccess- them. Where should they go? What ful of missions and his wife to prove should they do? Cut off from the one of the greatest heroines of his- American Board and not yet adopted tory.

The early days of the mission were months followed, the horrors of which marked by trials of many kinds, and are almost past description. Eleven for six long years there was not a months they were kept in the death- single convert. Yet during this time prison at Ava, a filthy and loathsome Judson's faith never once faltered. In place, nine months in three pair and the darkest hour he wrote to Rice in two months in five pair of fetters.

America: At the end of this time they were If any ask, What prospect of ultimate chained two and two and driven like success is there? tell them, As much as slaves a distance of ten miles to the there is an almighty and faithful God country prison at Oung-pen-Ia, where who will perform His promises and no their condition was, if possible, worse more. If this does not satisfy them, beg than at Ava. them to let me stay and try it, and to let you come and give us our bread; and During this whole terrible period, if we live some twenty or thirty years, Mrs. Judson put forth unceasing they may hear from us again. This is efforts in behalf of her husband. Day a filthy, wretched place. However, if a by day, regardless of danger, she trod ship were lying in the river ready to the streets of Ava, interceding with convey me to any part of the world I government officials and members of should choose, I should prefer dying to embarking. the royal family for his release, and In January, 1824, a second station endeavoring by gifts and womanly en- was opened at Ava, under such favor- treaty to soften the hearts of his jail- able circumstances that it was hoped ers. Day by day, too, she traversed the the long night of suffering and trial weary two miles between their house was ended. But alas! it was only the and the prison, carrying food and min- beginning of sorrows. Shortly after istering to his wants in every way their arrival at Ava, war broke out possible. Once, only, there was an with Great Britain, and Judson was interruption in her visits. When at arrested on suspicion of being a spy. the end of twenty days she came Without warning, an armed band, one again, it was with a tiny, blue-eyed of them a public executioner, entered baby, wailing in her arms. No sadder his house, threw him to the ground, picture can be imagined than that of bound his hands behind him and Judson, loaded with fetters, painfully dragged him off with them. Moung making his way to the door of the lng, a faithful disciple, followed to prison, to welcome this new-born babe see what became of his master, while of his sorrow.

Mrs. Judson retired to her room to But at length British victories se- pour out her heart to "Him who for cured the release of the captives, and our sakes was bound and led away Judson with his wife and baby sailed to execution." Moung lng presently down the lrawadi from A va, their returned to say that his master and hearts full of thanksgiving to God.

Dr. Price, his colleague in the mission, The work at Rangoon having been together with a few Englishmen re- broken up by the war, it was decided siding in Ava, had been thrown into to begin again at Amherst in territory the death-prison and loaded with fet- ceded to the British. The work be- ters. gan most auspiciously, but, not long An imprisonment of twenty-one after, while Judson was absent at Ava,

IN STONY PLACES IN CHINA

whither he had reluctantly gone to 12, 1849, when, having undertaken a endeavor to secure a clause granting short ocean voyage in the hope of proreligious toleration in the treaty, Mrs. longing his life, he died on shipboard Judson was stricken with fever. and was buried at sea. After a short illness, she passed away on October 24, 1826, and was laid to Thus passed away the great Aposrest under a hopia or hope tree, near tle to the Burmans, one of the ten Amherst. foremost missionaries since Paul,* and undoubtedly the greatest that has After that Judson was never quite as yet been sent out from America. No the same. He plunged into work with better summing up of his career can unabated ardor, and married twice be given than that which appears on again, but the loss of his beloved a memorial tablet in his native town: Ann, coming so soon after his suffer- "Malden his birthplace, the ocean his ings at Ava, broke his heart and sepulcher, converted Burmans and the undermined his constitution. N ever- Burman Bible his monument, his rectheless he continued in the work, ord is on high." achieving great success, until April * See MISSlONARY REVIEW. December, 1900, p.

900.

SOWING IN STONY PLACES IN CHINA BY REV. A. J. MCFARLANE, HANKOW, CHINA Head Master of the L. ),1. S. College In our Lord's parable on the prog- It may be of interest to notice some ress of the kingdom of God, He of the striking parallels between those showed that fruitfulness depended not who heard our Lord's words and only on the quality of the seed, but on those who listen in China to-day. the condition of the soil. If this were always remembered we might better The Nation understand the results of mission work, and would not be surprized that The Jewish nation was punctilthe world is not more speedily con- iously religious in practise and outverted. Some ground is prepared and ward appearance, but was like a body some not. The "good soil" had once from which the soul had fled, a mere been stony ground; and after ages of shell under the sway of corrupt and storm and rain, sunshine and frost, disintegrating forces. Like them, the the primordial rock and stony strata Chinese have the greatest regard for had been slowly softened into the rich the letter of moral and ceremonial and fruitful earth. The work of the laws and traditions, while their lives sower is to sow the seed; God's work are full of political disorder and social is to send the sunshine and rain to corruption. make soil out of rock. The greatest of all teachers left only eleven picked The Jews, after the exile, had disciples and a few hundred other fol- evolved into a kind of sacred nation, lowers. a church, with all their daily life per- meated by their religion, and built up round the books of the sacred law. The Chinese are on an ethical plane

what the Jews were on the spiritual; have their sacred text in the letter, they are a nation built up round a and keep it-appropriately only in the written law, the classics. Two thou- letter! Let us Christians not make sand years ago the classics became the same mistake, but having the theiF rule of daily life, and all that is Scriptures, let us recognize that their necessary for this life was to be found interpretation will grow as spiritual therein. life deepens; so we will rely not on The Scriptures a word, a book or a creed, but on a But when a sacred volume attains Savior who is the Word, and on the this high authority two courses are. spirit that is the life that quickens all.

possible in dealing with it. It may To such a people our Lord preached, or may not be amplified to meet the telling them that the "letter killeth"; detailed requirements of daily life. and by fact and parable, by argument, The Jewish law was so expanded and humor, or scathing sarcasm, by any explained by ever-growing books of and all means, tried to rouse them commentaries, which were regarded from their sleep of death into believ- to be as binding as the orig- ing on Himself, as the living Message inal text. Whereupon the J ew- from God on high.

ish nation by degrees found itself The Pharisees "hedged around" with an infi- The spirit of the Jewish nation was nite complexity of details, till almost incarnate in the Pharisee. He stood every act of a man from birth to in very name and fact for Jewish ex- death had to be performed according ciltsi7JCness. He felt that the Jew was to authorized tradition; and the bur- a man apart from the outer worlc!, den became so "grievous to be borne" his nation was the chosen and favored that it practically prevented its own race of God. His exclusiveness he observance. The Chinese classics, on imagined to be a holy patriotism, his the other hand, have not been so self-satisfied conceit he called the worked out in detail. Commentaries favor of God. So whereas the Jews have never received the unhesitating said they were chosen by God, they acceptance that the original writings meant that God was appropriated by demand. The words of the masters them. They would have kept God to are the necessary basis, tho commen- themselves, and left none of Him at taries are largely repeated by heart, all for the rest of the wic!e world!

also, in Chinese fashion, but merely as The Pharisee had the utmost con- a help to the possible or probable tempt for other nations and nursed meaning; while where the text is the assurance that the Messiah would vague or uncertain, it simply has to some day come and lead their nation remain so-incomprehensible, with to the proud clominion of the earth. A awful potency! The result in the two narrower and more loveless miscon- cases is much the same-binding and ception of the Providence of God limiting the human mind to a narrow could not be conceived; but it is sphere of thought and action, without closely paralleled by the Chinese to- "promise or potency" of expansion. day. W c, they say, more especially The Jew had endless rules and was the scholarly class-we are the people bound to keep them all; the Chinese who know right and wrong, and all

else worth knowing. We have the cause their significance is unknown, truth enshrined in our ancient clas- and all the spirit has departed from sics; anel all the rest of the worlel are the dead shell.

ignorant barbarians and savages, poor The Synagogs "devils!" We Christians can not be Another parallel is to be found in angry with them; we can only pity the synagogs of the Jews and the uni- such ignorance and pride, and do our versal school-system in China. The best to let in the light. Our Lord had synagogs, where the Scribes were the perhaps a harder audience to deal with teachers, and the whole nation the than missionaries in China, because scholars, might have been, so it has the wrong was on a more spiritual been said, one of the most potent or- plane-the perversion of a higher ganizations for imparting knowledge truth. The mistake of the Jews and that man has ever devised; but the op- of the Chinese was and is in suppo- portunity was lost, and the veriest sing that spiritual or moral worth can stones were given for bread. So in be attained apart from character and China we have the great educational apart from the change of character and examinational system, whereby that is signified by repentance of con- the humblest may rise to the highest scious sin. In each case the more post of honor, a unique and wonderful they tied themselves down to form machinery, which could make of and ceremony, ritual and dead regula- China the most learned of great na- tions, the more freedom they left to the tions; but thus far ending in hollow- soul and spirit to wander unchecked ness, a beating of the air, a palace of and unguided into "by-path and wood and straw, a house founded on meadow'·; into superstition and cor- the sand!

ruption, vice and the outer darkness. The Sadducees: and the Break with A musician may give his whole mind, the Past at first, to learning a beautiful piece But let us leave that subject, with of music; but after playing it over the hope that after the sad dark night and over again, he may come to a the dawn of a new era will break; stage wherein the execution is purely and let us make one more comparison, mechanical; and at last he may play in conclusion, that will bring us fully it while his mind turns to other things, up to date and even a little beyond.

or even to thoughts of evil, while the The Sadducees were a mixed class, music runs on as before-no, not as the product of their times; they were before; the music suffers indeed, and the pretended reformers, the icono- a trained ear knows how great is the clasts, the scoffers at traditions, and difference! That is the danger in- at the Pharisees who represented separable from all forms of ritual. them, the agnostics and materialists There are signs and words that have and freethinkers. of their day, who deep significance; their potency de- made light of all religious observ- pends on the correlation of forces ances, and believed in no resurrec- that throng us round, and may be tion. They welcomed new ideas, but called into action by them; but the without "depth of earth," and they error is in relying on the form or the aped the manners and borrowed the word, when their value is lost be- ideas of the Romans and Greeks

around them. Nothing cared they (heathen) officials to make way for for the hope of Jewish supremacy in new schools. On alI sides unprincithe world, but they toadied to the pled men are crowding round both abhorred conquerors of .their country; Protestant and Catholic missionaries, and, the Herodians more especially, ready to profess any belief if they became the sycophants of the foreign can gain the authority of the foreigncourt, selling both their individual and er's support to promote their selfish national existence for a life of ease and money-getting plans. and luxury, wealth, indolence and self-indulgence, without patnotlsm Surely, then, the same forces are or religion, without law or a God. at work to-day in China as were at In China there is not such a work in Palestine. It needs no deep class to be widely found to-day, insight to see behind all the mighty but its beginnings are here, and it may and inevitable struggle of the powers easily spread under political changes. of darkness and of the Prince of this While some of the reformers are pa- World against the VVord made mantriotic and enlightened men; with ifest, and all the legions of Light. others the break with the past is such The very fact that the foe is brought a shock that they are likely to fly off to make so great a fight is for us a into space at a tangent, beyond all sign of hope; for the issue, the outorderly control. There are many come, the victory, can not for a moscholars, for instance, in Nanking ment be in doubt. So did the clouds who are reading and translating and gather and the opposing forces press disseminating Huxley and Spencer round our Lord at the end of his and Haeckel and all the soulless phi- work; and when the very disciples losophy of the West. There are many had proved faithless, and the darkenlightened men in China who feel ness seemed triumphant in the final that their country is in a sad and tragedy, He gave up His spirit with hopeless condition; but unless they the words that proved Him, after all, come under the influence of the Gos- the victor, "It is finished!" Not "it pel, they do not know where to turn has been in vain," or "it has been a when they have turned away from the doubtful issue"; but the victory is past. Alas for them if the evil spirit won, and the Hope of all the long finds the house swept and garnished, after ages is secured! Come, then, but empty! all you who may hear the call; let us sow the good seed broadcast over In Hankow recently (April, I904), good sailor bad, abiding in the asa thing was seen such as has never surance that the Master will not cease been known before, the wholesale to inspire and help His followers, till burning of a heap of idols, which had in His own good time the consumbeen cleared out of temples by the mation is made complete.

"Present·day Problems in China," by the China Inland

THE POPULATION 0:1:' CHINA AND OTHER CQUNTR[ES All the people of the countries mentioned could be placed in the Chinese Empire on the same basis as the present population. These total 405 millions, while Chlna, according to the latest census, has 407 millions THE CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY FOR CHINA REV. DONALD MACGILLIVRAY, SHANGHAI, CHINA Our books are intimately associated be roughly classified as follows: (I) with all our other agencies. Our con- Preparatory, in which the chief agenverts are brought in by the truth of the cies employed are preaching, schools, books. The native Christians are spiri- philanthropy, and literature; (2) tually fed on them. The schools are evangelistic or penetrative, using trained by them. The churches are preaching, healing and literature as founded and disciplined by them. The agents; (3) educational, or constructreligious work of hospitals and dispen- ive, which include preaching, schools saries is conducted through them. The and literature. In all three branches general enlightenment of the people and we find literature used by the living the undermining of idolatry are promoted worker as a multiplier of the agent, by the same agency.-Rev. S. L. BALD- and as an instrument of preparation, WIN, D.D., at the Shanghai Missionary penetration and edification. Every Conference of 1877.

The objects of mission work may

missionary, as a matter of fact, no Henry Drummond beautifully dematter what the particular form of scribes the "program of Christianity" his energy, consciously or uncon- by our Lord's quotation from Isaiah: sciously, moves along these three "To preach good tidings to the meek; lines. Hence it goes without saying to proclaim liberty to the captives; that every missionary is naturally in to bind up the broken-hearted; to sympathy with the objects of Chris- comfort all that mourn; to give unto tian literature, and the Christian Lit- them beauty for ashes, the oil of joy erature Society is in line with the for mourning, the garment of praise efforts of all classes of missionaries for the spirit of heaviness." in the empire. Here, then, is the missionary pro- The Christian Literature Society gram. The aim of our literature is was founded twenty years ago by to proclaim that these blessings can Alexander Williamson. It proposed only be found in the Lord Jesus a broader program than that of the Christ. What an illimitable field is already existing societies, and is, in here outlined! The Christian Literafact, an enlarged tract society. Its ture Society aims to cover the whole constitution defines its object as, "The ground; it would do the work of publication and circulation of litera- hosts of Christian publishers at home, ture based on Christian principles, and besides publishing, it must keep throughout China, her colonies, de- its own staff of authors. Truly it is pendencies and wherever Chinese are unique. Would that it had the capifound-especially periodical and liter- tal of some home enterprises. Ultiature adapted for all classes-as the mately, why should it not? resources of the society may permit." In actual practise the Christian Lit- How, then, is the ideal of the soerature Society goes beyond "litera- ciety to be realized? Our catalog is ture based on Christian principles" to growing in length, but as yet only literature specifically expounding the a beginning has been made. Scat- Christian faith and Scriptures. In tered workers swell the lists of books, fact, the constitution of the home so- but perhaps the great hope of the ciety expresses the object more fully Christian Literature Society is in the as follows: free federation of missionaries com- posing what for want of a better Object name is called its "Editorial Staff." The object of the society shall be to These are supported by their own promote Christianity among the Chinese missionary societies. Here, with the by aiding in the preparation and circu- utmost individual freedom to follow lation among them, in their own lan- one's leadings, all are loyally workguage, of: ing together for one end. Yet each 1. Suitable publications of a distinctly is free to hold his own opinions, and religious character. to produce along the lines of his own preference. z. General literature written from a We need scarcely say that the cir- Christian standpoint; scientific and other culation of literature is only a means works suited for the more cultured to an end, and that end is, consonantly classes; and school- and other text-books; with the wide field proposed, "converand 3. Literature, chiefly religious, illustrated and otherwise, specially suited for Chinese women and children.

CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY FOR

sion by the million." By this much been made before proclaiming his misunderstood phrase is not meant message. The two things must go merely superficial changes, such as hand in hand, for no one can tell who social and political reforms which is prepared to receive it NOW. But leave untouched the religious needs of he learns the rudiments of Chinese the nations, but regeneration by the etiquette, he displays a picture or a Holy Ghost and faith in the Lord sign, he hangs up a map of the world, Jesus Christ. What enlightenment is he helps in famine relief, he tries to worthy of the name if it leaves the drive out the opium traffic-these spiritual eye unopened? We long to things are not preaching the Gospel, see conversions on the largest scale, but we all hope they are opening a and so does the whole Christian way for it.

world. Hitherto the units, the tens, Our literature seeks to remove bar- the hundreds have been converted; riers-e.g., pride, ignorance, supersti- but if a nation is to be born in a day tion and prejudice-and, by the bless- millions will have to come in, but each ing of God, such mental barriers of the million will be the conversion have in many cases disappeared. We of an individual. seek to educate public opinion on a.

But let us consider the Christian Lit- wide scale by our papers-e.g., the erature Society work more closely as, Ta Tung Paa and by free grants to ( I) propcedeutic, or preparatory. Goel students. We have many books on prepared the world for Christianity God in history, fruits and evidences by Providence and Grace. Thus of Christianity, the various religions there were the Old Testament, the compared with Christianity, the ab- Jewish dispersion, Greek philosophy, solute religion. This literature of Roman imperialism and law. By such ours has been compared by Dr. A. H.

means He prepared a material, mental Smith, in his book "Rex Christus," to and moral background for His Gos- aqueous vapor pervading the atmos- pel. Similarly, in European history phere, which, tho it makes no external the devout student can trace the ante- display, is preparing the way for fu- cedent preparation for a Renaissance, ture preCIpItation. Besides immedi- a Reformation, a French Revolution. ate results, we look further ahead; Can we doubt but that God has pre- we look for mass movements in pared and is preparing China for the China; and when they do come, the Gospel? And we missionaries are wide dissemination of our literature coworkeq with God along this line. will surely be a contributory cause.

Even Robert Morrison and William The second division of Christian Lit- Milne issued tours of the world, and erature Society endeavor is the pene- geographies to be forerunners of the trative, or directly evangelistic. But we Gospel; and, to come down to the must not overlook the fact that a book present day, Griffith John L.ls some may be indirectly evangelistic, and even such literature in the list of his tracts. more effective as such with a certain Every missionary in a thousand class of readers than the directly evan- ways is preparing the way of the gelistic. But as that ground is so Gospel. True, he does not wait till fully covered by the tract societies, it he thinks sufficient preparation has happens that the Christian Literature

Society does not need to greatly en- ably to such has not been granted the large its list of works of this char- glowing vision of golden harvests acter. from all this sowing, which dazzle the eyes of the seers among us. In itself The third division is the construct- a book is dead; fructified by the Spirit ive, or educational. What we have of God, what will it not accomplish? in this line has been the subject of a Nevertheless, in our enthusiasm for special article in the March "Bulle- our specialty we need not exaggerate tin" of the Educational Association of its importance. It is merely an indis- China. Suffice it now to say that be- pensable auxiliary to the living host sides works for schools, and station- which is marching on to victory. It classes, for special and general read- is not a short and easy method of ing, we have a long and growing list converting China, any more than the of books which are intended to com- distribution of a million Testaments, fort and edify the Church. For this which people once fondly hoped would class of books there is a demand convert the Taipings, and with them which grows with the growth of the all China. It is sometimes said, let Church. Andrew Murray, S. D. Gor- as flood the land with literature. don, Storrs, Krummacher, Dr. Glover, That could have been done once when A. B. Bruce, George Matheson, Will- every book was given away, but obiam Arthur and many others have a viously that policy has gone forever. vast audience in China by means of The problem is, how to flood the the Christian Literature Society. It is country with books under the new evident that the Christian Literature conditions. The only solution is the Society is more than a mission to the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, who higher classes; it is a mission to the alone can create a thirst for the Gosreading and thinking people of all pel; otherwise even floods of literaclasses in the Church and out. Our ture will be unappreciated. The misaim is indeed high enough to cover sionaries, "average" and otherwise, the needs of the highest, yet low must be the agents of distribution, enough to instruct even the child in unless in addition we ever get the the primer. To all must the truth be means to use colporteurs, as the Hanpreached, and as they are able to bear kow and the Bible societies do. That it; but, without books and papers, may be a future necessity in the face how can they be reached? The provi- of competition. Would that all were dential order is sometimes stated as as keen on book-selling as the late being from the lower to the higher, C. W. MitchiI, an "average missionbut no one doubts the tremendous influence of the higher on the lower. ary." * We make our appeal to the mind of China, as well as to her conscience The Christian Literature Society and heart. The leaven must leaven needs more men to join its federation the whole lump. in Shanghai. There are two views which are often set against each other, There are signs that Christian lit- but which are not necessarily antagerature is coming to its own at last. onistic. The first says: Stay at your But perhaps the~e are some who think we exaggerate its importance. Prob- i!- See "A Century of Missions in China," pp. 93, 94·

A CHRISTIAN CONVENTION IN MID-INDIA II7

station and do literary work. This If we had more men we could at course may be the only possible one once employ them somewhat as fol- for many, and has certain obvious ad- lows: vantages. The second view says: 1. To read Japanese books sent into Come to a center and associate your- China, and follow their effect. We ought self with other workers in the same to know what they are doing. They are department. Surely we need both also after the soul of China. sorts of workers. Nevertheless, the 2. To read Chinese newspapers, and central cooperative society sorely needs strengthening. There is a great books of the secular press. We ought to lack of a definite policy toward this watch the trend of native thought, and meet it adequately and continuously.

3. To revise some books of ours and work among most of the boards, and bring them up to date, and generally act this should be promptly remedied. The as editorial secretary. advantages of the cooperative policy in a center are such as these: 1. Pa- 4· Men to edit the "Daily" which was pers and books can be better edited. We so much talked of at the Centenary Con- ference, but which could never begin without new men.

lost the Wan Kuo Kung Pao chiefly 5. Men to travel among the missionbecause we had no one to take over ary centers and conventions, and make Dr. Allen's work. 2. Consultation with our books known. colleagues. 3. Large libraries to consult. 4. Leisure for special studies. 6. To be the mainspring of our central book depot in Honan Road.

7. To produce new literature in con- 5. Best writers obtainable, salaries junction with the ablest Chinese scholars paid by the Christian Literature So- that can be procured.

ciety. Such help is generally beyond There are great difficulties in the the reach of individuals in the inte- sudden increase of any class of work- rior. 6. You get the empire touch, as ers; but the above is surely sufficiently differing from the local touch, by the sane, and let it be noted that it points daily press, English and Chinese. rather to an increase of efficiency and The West China Conference, held quality, rather than to any phenom- recently, called for fifty recruits for enal increase of the quantity of litera- literary work for West China alone. ture. That must be supplied only as The Christian Literature Society is fast as the reading public is wiIling more modest, and in its last report to assimilate it. Here as elsewhere suggests that it can use twelve more the law of "supply and demand" must at the center of the empire. rule.

A CHRISTIAN CONVENTION IN MID-INDIA BY RICHARD BURGES, JUBBELPORE, INDIA The Christian convention held in missionaries came from isolated sta- tions, and the eleven hundred Indian Jubbelpore last autumn was especiaUy Christians who attended likewise had their cups of joy filled to the brim. enjoyable because it brought the mis- Usually Christians in India have a sensation of being in the minority, for sionaries so near to their Indian breth- ren. Most of the one hundred European

in all India they are less than one to make known existing literature. A per cent of the population. To have tent was set apart for this purpose, in a feeling o f being in the majority was which there were books, etc., on sale. distinctly exhilarating. The sight of a huge tent, kindly loaned by the gov- The executive power during the ernment, containing a multitude of convention was given into the hands Christians, put enthusiasm into them of Rev. E. A. Hensley, of the C. M.

S., and Rev. J. Lampard, of the M. E.

A MEETING IN THE CONVENTION TENT AT -JUBBELPORE, INDIA which sometimes "bubbled" up and Missions. Speakers came from great could not be restrained. Frequently distances, chief among whom were the the shout of v£ctory to Jesus found expression in the Hindu words: "Jay, Rev. J. Pengwern Jones, Rev. J. B. Jay, Jay, Jay, Masih Ki Jay." Our hearts beat faster as the multitude Fuller, Rev. P. S. Hyde, Lubbhu stood and lifted their arms to empha- Mull, Rev. S. Rahator, and a numsize the shout. ber, eminently' useful, from nearer home. "All one in Christ Jesus" was th e Hindu motto which hung near the Among the many tents which were speakers' dais, and verily denomina- pitched on the grounds none were tional differences "interfered with more effective than those marked fellowship as little as lines of latitude prayer-tents. One who knew the inner and longitude interfere with naviga- side of the whole affair said, "It was tion." The gathering of such crowds, the power-house of the convention." most of whom had never had such an It is now known that some hardly left experience, provided an opportunity these tents night or day, but used their time as Aaron and Hur did when they held up the hands of Moses.

HSI-A MIRACLE IN CHINA*

BY EDWIN LESLIE In a humorous essay, Israel Zang- lawyer in endless lawsuits, prachsmg medicine in a small way; but in the will imagines a state of pre-natal ex- silences the voice still whispered, "To what end?" istence, where the children choose He searched the writings of his not only whether or not they will be nation to find what the wise men could tell of the hereafter and the imborn, but also who will be their par- mortality of the soul. Confucius could not enlighten him, for while he ents. If Hsi had had the ordering formed elaborate rules for conduct during life, he canfest that he knew of these circumstances he could nothing of the hereafter, and did not even know if there was a God. scarcely have entered life more aus- N either could the Buddhists, with their idolatry, nor the Taoists, with piciously according to Chinese notions, their magic, enlighten his mind. A Chinese proverb expresses the popular for he made his appearance in the skepticism of these religions: midst of a family of scholars. Worship-and the gods are there.

China, wiser than Western nations, Vorship not-there's none to care.

believes that men are not born great, As a young man of thirty Hsi faced the future, sick in body and restless but are made so by their own efforts. in mind. He began to smoke opium to obtain relief from pain, and for a To every young man she says, "Would part of every day the poppy-fairy spirited away his difficulties and you wear spurs, then you must win touched with a sunset glow the dull stubbly patches of ordinary life. But them." So, tho Hsi's parents belonged the gloom between the visions was a darkness that could be felt. The Chito "the gentry," he could remain one nese say that "it is not the man that' eats the opium, but the opium that of the literati only by obtaining a eats the man." So it was with Hsi. The opium ate his brain power; it ate degree. his health; it ate his industry; it ate his farm lands. The boy was therefore sent to The years of 1876-79 brought the school, and was urged to study. He famine to North China-a famine so wide-spread and long-continued that learned rapidly and his father and it was said that at one time seventy brothers stimulated him to do his best, telling him that he could win wealth and fame, and finally become a great mandarin. He was fond of both books and play, but was subject to pensive moods, when he would wan- der off alone, and ask himself the old questions, "What is the use of living in this world? Men find no good. And in the end ?" Altho he studied faithfnlly and won the degree of Bachelor of Arts, he often asked of himself: "What use is there, after all, in be- ing a mandarin? Sooner or later one must die."

Hsi married and became a man of affairs, managing his farm, acting as * Pronounced Shee. This sketch is prepared from that fascina.ting book by Mrs. Howard Taylor, "pastor Hsi., Scholar and Christian," China Inland Missions.

millions of human beings were starv- and twenty names Hsi's stood foreing. The poor died as the leaves die most. in the autumn, and the rich lived on the coarsest of food. Somehow Hsi In fear of sorcery and in dislike of managed to exist during those tortur- meeting a foreigner at dose range, ing years. He heard often of two Hsi went to receive his money from foreigners who had come to the town Mr. Hill. The only universal lannear to distribute alms to his needy guage is the one written on the faces neighbors, but the proud aristocrat of men. What Hsi read at the first thought starvation preferable to help glance in Mr. HiIl's countenance disfrom such a source. One of the de- pelled all prejudice and banished all spised foreigners was Rev. David fear. His heart beat faster, for he HiIl, the man with the beautiful face feIt that he had found in this alien and the character without fear and one near of kin. Mr. Hill gave him without reproach. the money, complimented him in a few graceful words on the ease and Mr. HilI wished to find a point of vigor of the style of the essays, and contact with the haughty literati, the Hsi bowed himself out and returned real rulers of China. Learning, theirs home. and his, seemed the only common ground, therefore he offered prizes of A few days later a messenger came a considerable sum of money for es- to Hsi asking him to go and see Mr. says on subjects which he assigned. Hill on important business. The With each subject was a bundle of business was none other than a proliterature to aid the writer in his posal for Hsi to become Mr. Hill's theme, and the bundles were given to teacher in matters Chinese. Hsi was the competitors for degrees who were wiIling, even flattered, but the women up for examination at the capital of of his household joined in such a Shansi. chorus of disapproval that he must needs hesitate. A brother of Hsi returned from the city and, presenting him with one of "What?" said they. "Go to be Mr. Hill's packages, said: teacher to the foreigner? Read his books, live in his house? Help him in "Here is your opportunity, old fel- his mysterious affairs? Who ever low. Who can compete with you in heard of such reckless madness? wntll1g flowing, elegant Chinese? Surely you must be bewitched already And who is in greater need of funds? to think of it. It is simply throwing There may be witchcraft, as they say, yourself away." about these foreigners, but their silver will pass for as much on the market Confucius laid down rules for the as anyone else's." weaker sex in China, which every member of it, however ignorant, Hsi was impoverished and reading knows; namely, that woman is subthe literature woke his scholarly ject to man. She can not herself ditastes. He worked night after night, rect any affairs. She must obey her all the while feeling that some power husband. She may not presume to higher than his own was aiding him follow her own judgment. And yet, in the writing. When the results tho the tenets of Confucius have were published, among one hundred echoed through twenty-five centuries.

PASTOR HSI-A MIRACLE IN CHINA

even in China a woman, perhaps just This was the crisis which altered because she is a woman, influences her the whole manner of thinking of the husband to a remarkable extent. proud Confucian scholar. From henceforth he tried to pattern his life Hsi did not accept Mr. Hill's offer. after that of the meek and lowly But times were hard and the argu- Jesus. ment of the foreigner's silver potent, so finally the ladies consented to a At night Hsi presented himself to ten-days' trial. Mr. Hill and wished to confess that he was a Christian. Hsi watched Mr. Hill narrowly during those ten days. Before mis- "This is a sudden experience; there sionaries had homes of their own in might be a reaction; better wait until China no privacy was possible. Sure- you are sure of your ground," cauly only the noblest souls could stand tioned Mr. Hill. approved in that glare of publicity. No chance to relax from the tension But Hsi, who knew all that that of "being nice to people"; no chance experience before his open Bible to indulge in moods of joy or sor- meant, said firmly, "From this day row; no chance to commune with until death and beyond I will never, one's own heart and be still. It was never draw back." like keeping a check-rein on a horse all the time; or like the governess in Years after, in recalling that night, "Elizabeth and her German Garden," Hsi said: who found her hardest duty the having to be an example to the children. "Returning from worship Mr. Hill was extremely pleased. Oh, how But the more Hsi saw of Mr. Hill, kindly he treated me! I loved him as the more he admired him. The ten a father; he loved me as a son." days lengthened into weeks and months, and Hsi began to read the The first lion in Hsi's new path New Testament laid so conveniently was his opium-smoking. Mr. Hill to his hand. He found in the Gos- said to him: pels what he had been searching all his life to know. There was a God, "You are a distinguished member of and that God had become man and a scholarly family. I deeply regret dwelt among men that they might live to see you brought to so enfeebled a righteously on earth and hereafter be condition through opium. If you do with Him forever. not cleanse yourself how can you be an example to others." The story of the life of Jesus enthralled, entranced him. There came Hsi knew full well the opium must a day when he read it reverently upon be given up. But how? Anglo-Saxhis knees; and, following the last suf- ons are familiar enough with the ferings and agony of our Lord, he struggles of the drunkard to do withfelt as if there in the room the out his liquor; but breaking off the wounded Lamb of God stood close opium-habit is said to cause more beside him. acute suffering and a mightier effort of the will. "Take me, 0 Jesus! I swear allegiance to Thee forever," he cried. Hsi's trial seemed greater than he could bear. He was a prey to faint- ness, giddiness, shivering, aching pains and burning thirst. His eyes and nostrils streamed down water,

He could neither eat nor sleep, and world the Confucian gentleman and medicines helped him but little. And scholar lost caste sadly by becoming always worse than the worst of pain a Christian. was the craving for just a few whiffs of the pipe. He would groan aloud. Hsi was much too happy and too "Tho I die, I will never touch it busy to be concerned as to what his again." In utter weakness, he cried neighbors thought of him. He comunto God and felt that his prayer was bined in one nature the qualities of answered. He broke out into a pro- the mystic and the practical man of fuse perspiration and the struggle was business. By night he saw visions ended. His words after were: and heard inaudible voices, and by day he regulated his estate down to the "If you would break off opium, most trivial detail. In obedience to don't rely on medicine, don't lean on his night revelations, he brought his man, but trust only in God." stepmother back to his home, made up long-standing quarrels between him- Christians in New York may hear self and his brothers, he wrote hymns, a similar testimony from reformed he sacrificed the profitable opium crop drunkards in Jerry MacAuley's and refused to rear pigs because they prayer-meetings. were dirty; and in obedience to his plans by day, he hoed, herded cattle, To commemorate his victory, Hsi winnowed grain, and gathered fuel gave himself a new name-"Demon- until his neglected farm began to pay Overcomer." profitable dividends.

On his next visit home "the Demon- One by one opium-smokers came to Overcomer," in spite of opposition, Hsi to inquire into the causes which took down the idols from their ped- had led to his reform. He took these estals-the god of riches, the god of enslaved men into his home and war, the kitchen god, and the goddess treated them with native medicines. of mercy-and burnt them on the To Hsi a fight with opium was a rubbish pile in the back-yard. The fight with Satan himself, and victory idols were passive and dumb: but the without much prayer and fasting was women folk clamorous and vitupera- impossible. His experience proved tive. Verily, a calamity like this had that only in those who became Chrisbeen what they had too truly fore- tians was the cure permanent. seen when he went to live with "foreign devils." In a near-by village a "cultivator of virtue," named Fan, whom Hsi had Hsi, instead of storming passion- helped into the truth, started an ately in return, as was his wont, was Opium Refuge. It was a project simall gentleness and patience, and lured ilar to that which Hsi had been conthe scolding women into listening to ducting in his own home, and he stories from the Gospels. "He had frequently went over to aid his overnever asked to read anything to her taxed friend. We pray for guidance from the Five Classics," Mrs. Hsi and often the answer is revealed to inwardly commented. The stories us by doing the duty which lies nearwere beautiful and the man of the est. The success of this Opium Refhouse so much more comfortable to uge led to Hsi's establishing others live with that the women were fain to forgive him; but in the outside

HSI-A MIRACLE IN CHINA

and yet others, until they were dotted the maintenance of the temples. If over the country to the east and west you will stop worshiping the idols for and the north and south. In the man- a year I will be happy to serve you."

aging of them and caring for the spir- This was a poser, but they finally itual concerns of the inmates Hsi agreed. The village prospered under found full scope for his business sa- Hsi's clear-sighted sway, and he held gacity and his address in dealing with office for three years. When decli- his countrymen. With employment ning reelection at the end of that pe- which satisfied the cravings of his riod he remarked with grim irony, nature there came a great content, and "By this time the idols must be quite the troublesome question, "What is starved to death. Spare yourselves the the use of living?" presented itself to effort to revive them."

him no more. Those who became Christians in But work, even congenial work, Hsi's Refuges needed shepherding when a man gives to it the best that when they went out of them, and he is in him, is not easy. In his lifetime was appointed as pastor. Mr. Haste, Hsi established more than forty Ref- of the China Inland Mission, had the 1lges. The thought, the labor, the oversight of Hsi's work, but he was self-sacrifice, the patience, he ex- wise enough to allow this masterful pended art these institutions were man to go his way in most matters.

measureless. He walked many foot- Hsi was not an easy man to work sore miles; he spent days and nights with. Imperious, sure of himself and in fasting and prayer; he bore hu- his methods and backed by the love of miliation and obloq1ly; he put off the hundreds whom he had helped, he silken robe and fur-lined garments chafed at control or criticism. For which accorded with his position as years after his conversion he was un- a gentleman and scholar and wore the able to restrain a certain irritability coarse blue gown of the peasants. toward his wife. Chagrined, he Some of the Refuges paid and some prayed much about this failing. He did not. Hsi never cared for money believed when at last unity of heart for himself, only for his work, and prevailed that it was in direct answer he used the surplus of one place to to prayer. And so it was. But there supply the deficiency of the next. were secondary causes which aided, The logic of facts appeals to the tho Hsi never took account of sec- hardest-headed Chinaman. The in- ondary causes. Mrs. Hsi learned to habitants of Western Chang recog- read, first the Bible then other books.

nized as years went by that Hsi was When her husband was away from the most able and energetic man in home she took upon herself the man- their village. The time came when agement of the household numbering a strong hand was needed at the helm fifty or sixty; she even opened Opium of affairs, and the Council called upon Refuges for women. With these em- Hsi and asked him to become the ployments her mind broadened; she village elder. had community of aims and ideas with "I am a Christian," he answered, her husband, and therefore jarring "and as such I can not attend to part was impossible.

of an elder's duties-the caring for Angered by Hsi's arrogant and self-

confident manner, his old friend Fan in the self-willed autocrat, until in set up rival Refuges, undersold Hsi his later days he grew so gentle a. in his medicines, and tried to wreck little child might have led him. his work. It is said that misfortunes come always in doubles, and just at At length his multiplied labors and this time several patients of Hsi's fastings wore out his frame, never too died. But Hsi was a sincere Chris- robust, and he sank for six months tian, tho not a perfect one. He into a state of complete nervous prossearched his heart, learned his lesson tration. An English carpenter in his and kept on working. Fan, whose mo- last illness said, "I am glad as I lie tive was jealousy and whose principles here to think that there are many were unbusinesslike, of course failed, folks warm and comfortable because while Hsi emerged from behind his I did my work wei!." Hsi, lying helptemporary cloud brighter than ever. less, thought thankfully of the many He extended his Refuges even among hundred lives reclaimed because he the high-born of Shensi and the con- had not slighted his work. servative of Honan, giving to the many the same exact care he had for- In February, r896, Pastor Hsi merly given to the few. passed to his reward, but his influence still lives, and the story of his life Time and experience and study of will long be a powerful force in the perfect life wrought their changes awakening missionary interest and deepening spiritual life.

AN AMERICAN-CHINESE CHRISTIAN CIRCLE BY C. T. WANG Secretary of the Chinese Christian Students' Association of America In our Christian life and experi- fluencing the most influential young ence we must have felt at one time men of to-morrow. God has called or another the mysterious power of us to direct as many of them as posthe Holy Spirit, but it is with absolute sible to Christ our Lord, who is the certainty that this power is felt when Way, the Truth, and the Life. With Christians work in unison with God. all our faults and weaknesses, it is The first great manifestation came on no easy thing to let these fellow stuthe day of Pentecost, when "they were dents see Christ through our lives. all together." In order that we may be empowered to live consistent Christian – yea, Among our Chinese fellow students Christ-like lives; and that we may pursuing their education in America, pray more intelligently and work we find Christians scattered. This is more effectively and unitedly, I beg providential, for God wants to use us to propose that we form an "Inner as leaven to raise the whole lump. Circle," or Chinese Christian Band. But altho we are scattered we must be "together" through mutual prayer If any reader knows of any other and sympathy and active cooperation. Chinese Christian students in Amer- We have unusual opportunity of in- ica, we will be pleased to invite them

A SIGN OF THE TIMES IN TURKEY I25

to come into this "Inner Circle." Sug- interest in religious things. Many lives gestions as to ways and means and have been led to Christ through work of changes in the plan will be very wel- this kind. come. Pray that the Lord will richly bless our efforts to bring our fellow 3. Keep in touch students to Christ. May glory and honor be to His name forever. A. A list of all Christian students will be furnished to each and will be made Outline of the Proposed Phm out from time to time-say quarterIy- containing the things which the mem- I. Prayer bers of the '·Inner Circle" wish most to pray for. A. Daily individual prayer for Christian students, that we may lead good and B. Also a list of those persons in whom clean lives, and that our spiritual interest one of the members is most interested, may grow more and more day by day. persons who need special prayer to help them make the decision of decisions. B. Also prayer for those Chinese students who have not yet accepted our 4. Organization Lord. A. The Student Secretary in America C. Weekly prayer-meeting. This is of the General Committee of the Young possible whenever there are two or more Men's Christian Associations of China and students studying at one institution. Korea might act as general correspond- Time and place for meeting may be ing secretary, and his work will be to chosen by the persons concerned. furnish the addresses, to keep all the members in touch, to bring the opinions 2. Work and suggestions of different members to one another. A. Bible study class. To awaken the spiritual interest of the students the best B. In a locality where there are more thing is to conduct some Bible study than two Christians, then elect one to class for them. be local corresponding secretary, so as to relieve the general secretary some- B. Personal talks. This has been what, as in this way he may write to the found to be the most effective in break- secretary, who will bring the contents of ing down opposition and in creating an the letters to the other members.

B. Bible study committee.

A SIGN OF THE TIMES IN TURKEY A SERMON PREACHED BY ISMAIL HAKKI EFFENDI IN THE MOSQUE OF ST. SOPHIA, CONSTANTINOPLE, JULY 31. 1908 TI<.NSLTED BY LOUTFI LEVONIAN AND REV. STEPHEN VAN R. TROWBRIDGE Within a few days after the an- as a liberal exegesis of a certain pasnouncement of constitutional govern- sage in the Koran a·nd as an expresment for the Turkish Empire the sion of the advanced thought of a regular preacher in the mosque of St. leading Mohammedan doctor. But in Sophia, Constantinople, preached a these interior provinces we, who are sermon which has since been widely working as missionaries of Christ, quoted and commented upon. No value the sermon for its marked indoubt this sermon has intrinsic worth fluence upon the common people.

One secret of this influence is the to the exclusive privileges which the excellent Turkish style which Ismail Apostle of God grants to His own Hakki Effendi uses. The language is followers. clear and forceful, and free from arti- ficial rhetoric. But the chief secret But, again, the effect of enlightened of this message is its timeliness. At advice from such papers as the Sirat-i- the very crisis when Mohammedan Mustakim was so profoundly felt that bigotry threatened to counteract and the next Friday, the last of the Ra- destroy the large-hearted national mazan, the tone of the addresses was movement for liberty, all the local clearly in favor of the new statesmanpreachers and teachers in the seventy ship of the Young Turks. It is needmosques in this city and in the tens less to urge-because the fact must of thousands of mosques throughout be already clear to American readers the interior were looking attentively -that these constitutional liberties toward the religious doctors of the open up an unparalleled field for pregreat Constantinople mosques. Here- senting the life and message of the tofore the imperial censor's oppress- Cross to the Mohammedan populaive methods had prevented any wide tion. publication of such sermons. But with the new liberty of the press a news- The Sermon paper entitled Sirat-i-Mustakim (The Upright Highway) has come into ex- With the name of God the most istence. Its avowed purpose is a re- merciful I take refuge in Him from ligious interpretation of current events the curst Satan. The text is as foland national movements. But the lows: "It was by mercy from God point of view and the principles are thou didst deal gently with them, for so generous and broad-minded that no hadst thou been rough and rude of room is left for the Mohammedan heart they had dispersed from fanaticism and bigotry which are around thee. But pardon them, and prone to exert themselves against all ask forgiveness for them, and take forms of Christianity. counsel with them in the affair. As for what thou hast resolved, rely upon It is safe to say that most of the God; verily God loves those who do sermons which have been preached in rely."-(The Koran, III., 153.) the mosques of Aintab, Aleppo and other cities of Central Turkey have The first is God. The last is God. taken up and urged home this mes- The outward is God. The inward sage of fraternity and justice. IS God. And that which IS 111 the Prophet's heart is God. His During the month of October a help in both worlds is God. strong wave of reaction swept along God whose existence is indispensable, from the provinces east of the Eu- in His honored Koran, which He sent phrates, and reached here just before down to our Lord Mohammed-e1the close of the Ramazan Fast. The Mustafa by His ambassador, Gabriel second and third Fridays of the fast says, "It was by mercy from God that the people were' urged from many pul- thou didst deal gently with them." pits to abandon the notions of fra- With the divine mercy of your Lord, ternity with Christians and to return with His divine success, and by no other means, thou, my beloved, mine apostle, hast been very gentle. Thou

A SIGN OF THE TIMES IN TURKEY

hast dealt with thy friends with ten- "Pardon them and ask forgiveness derness. All thy work and conduct for them." Then, 0 my beloved, parand dealings have been gracious. don them all their faults against thee. They do sin against God. For this This verse was sent down after the also ask God's forgiveness. Intercede battle of Ahed. In the beginning of for them. Try to keep thy people free that battle the Moslems were victo- from sins. rious. But some of the soldiers, who had been commanded to stay and wait "And take counsel with them in the in a certain place, abandoned their po- affair." Thou that art a glorious sition and because of the love of prophet, thou that receivest revelaworldly wealth went after plunder. tions, thou to whom all truths and se- They acted contrary to the command crets are revealed, consult with men of the Prophet. Then the enemy at- of understanding. Talk with them. tacked their rear. The Moslems won In all affairs do not depart from conthe victory again, but about seventy sultation. were slain and the blest tooth of the Prophet was broken. The Prophet Some people have restricted this was angry with them, but he did not command to the affairs of war. But rebuke or reproach them. And now the word here is general. Tradition God extols him in this verse, and says also shows it to be so. Therefore the that this tenderness was all by the spe- great doctors explain it in the general cial favor of God. sense: In all things consult with thy people. Ask their vote. Thus their "And if thou hadst been rough and heart will become quiet and they will rude of heart." 0 my beloved! If love thee warmly. thou hadst not been so tender, if thou hadst been hard-hearted, if thou hadst Vhen this verse was sent down broken their hearts by coarse words, Abdullah-bin-i-Abbas asked the inner if thou hadst dealt oppressively, trust- meaning of it. Our Lord the Prophet ing in thy miracles, "they had dis- replied in this way: "0 my people, persed from around thee." They my friends! God the most glorious would not !lave cared that thou wert commands me that I should consult a prophet. All would have left thee with you in worldly things, that I and would have gone away. should ask your vote and talk with you before any action. But you know Look! Tho his miracles were as already and the truth is plain that bright as the sun, yet he is com- God and His Apostle are not in need manded to deal gently. Yes, thou art of consultation. With the grace of not able to conquer hearts by thy mir- God I have no need of counsel. But acles. If thou seest always the faults why does He command this? Natuof the people, if thou dost not deal rally, for a blessing to my people. That gently, if thou dost not deal equally is, this will be a precedent, and my with the rich and with the poor, no people until the day of judgment will one remains with thee. But with thee act with consultation. The taking of the rich and the poor are equal. And counsel shall be an essential rule for it is this justice and this equality that them. To everyone revelation does makes thee glorious in the eyes of thy 110t come from heaven. To everyone people Gabriel does not bring the Koran.

This method of consultation began know this blessing to be from Him. in the time of the Rashid Caliphs. 0, my fellow countrymen! Let us For this method a special "sura" had thank God as much as we can. But come down and was called "shoura" thanksgiving can not be by merely (counsel). "What is with God is saying "Thanks." We must try to help, better and more lasting for those who everyone according to his might-the believe and who upon their Lord rely rich with their money, the heroes with and whose affairs go by counsel their might-of-arms, the preachers amongst themselves" (xlii., 36). In- with eloquence, the authors with the asmuch as this is said for all affairs, pen. We must try to keep our libit has relation to the whole body of erty! Oh, how sorrowful was our Moslems or to the non-Moslems also, condition! This oppression and desand thus to the whole of humanity. )otism had filled our earth. These in- quisitions had turned the country into In every event take counsel with ruins. But, thanks to God, the divine one another. As a matter of fact the victory arrived! A breeze brought Arabs did so. This word "mesh- the fragrance of liberty. The oppressweret" (consultation) means to take ors were astonished. They thought out honey. It means that I get the it to be a dream. But on earth men, honey out. I get rid of the bees. and in heaven the angels, tried to- Then there is sweetness in consulta- gether, and God brought all the option! It is picked out of thorns and pressors down. Thanks be to God! poison. It is the pure essence which is taken out. So the Arabs say, If those sad conditions had been "Thank God, I picked out the honey. prolonged how miserable would be I succeeded." our condition! We would be heavily responsible to God. Islam abhors God has now given this blessing to such oppression and despotism. Acyou, my people. If this is God's bless- cording to our faith, every man is ing there is no greater gift. There- obliged to put away this despotism. fore we must undertake consultation Our law commands liberty, justice in everything. Those who accept con- and equality. There are non-Moslems sultation shall get every kind of bless- among us-Armenians, Greeks, Buling. Those who abandon it shall un- garians and Jews. They are God's dergo every kind of woo trust to us. We will try to keep their rights even more than our own. Our Our King has now really dealt ac- religron commands us to do so. There cording to the Koran. According to are three last admonitions of the the advice of the Prophet, with full Prophet. The first of them is tc tenderness, without any severity, he keep from oppressing the non-Moshas followed the Prophet's track. lem citizens. What a noble ordi- nance! They have the same rights There are causes. But it is God which we have. We must leave them who creates the causes. Many pa- free. Their good is exactly our triots, and especially the Third Army good; their loss is exactly our loss. Division, tried very hard, night and day, and saved millions of the opprest. If we do not protect their rights the Prophet will be our enemy. And But God did it. Men must not be proud. We must not forget God. We must trust in Him. We must

SIGNS OF PROMISE TO THE INDIANS

if 'the Prophet becomes our enemy thy hands and, God willing, our em~ will success attend our life? Really we had come to such a pass that three pire will be nobly exalted in the near months would not have passed before future. Your duty is now moderathe Ottoman Empire would have gone tion and thanksgiving. Do not forget down in ruin. Hereafter the king~ to give thanks to God every moment. dom will pass into able and trustwor- a God! Secure the peace of the peo- ple. Affirm it with justice!

SIGNS OF PROMISE TO THE INDIANS BY JOHN W. SANBORN, FRIENDSHIP, N. Y.

Both in the United States and Wilbor, presiding elder of the Metho- Canada there is a substantial increase dist Episcopal Church in the Buffalo of the Indian populatit1n. In Canada district, held his first quarterly meet- there are 109,394 Indians, of whom ing at the Seneca Indian Mission 74,000 are identified with the various Church. Several hymns were sung in religious denominations, and the pro- the Seneca language, and the presence portion is about the same among the of the Holy Spirit was felt in the 291,581 Indians of the United States. service. r Government schools have enrolled Bishop Whipple, speaking of the 24,762 Indian children, and in the mis- transforming. power of Christianity sion and day schools there are 3,736 upon the Indians, once said, "The more. Christian home has taken the place Several years ago the Presbyterian of the wigwam, and the poor, de~ Board offered a prize of a morocco- graded Indian woman has been bound Bible to every Sunday-school changed to the Christian wife and pupil who should learn and repeat mother. With justice, personal rights, without prompting the entire Shorter and the protection of law the Gospel Catechism. From one of the largest will do for our red brothers what it city Sunday-schools of New York has done for other races-give to there were I I successful competitors. them home, manhood and free- In the New York State Indian school, dom."

on the Cattaraugus reservation, out God has a loyal following among of 80 children of school age 55 won the Indians, and some of the rarest the prize. jewels in the Savior's crown will be On the 7th of July last, Rev. Dr. J gathered from our Indian tribes.

IN THE EAST. RESPONSIBILITY

THE WEST* BY REV. C. A. R. JANVIER, PHILADELPHIA, PA. For fourteen years a missionary in India In God's language the same letters during the last half-century, still more that spell opportunity spell responsi- ~luring the last quarter-century, more bility; wherever God gives opportunity 111 the past ten years, and most of all there He holds to responsibility. If in the last five, God has been arousing we look at Syria, Arabia and Persia, these nations in one way or another. Afghanistan and Hindustan, Siam, Tonquin and the Philippine Islands, Take the Philippinc Islands. Note China, Japan and Korea, we see that the change that took place immediately this series of nations, forming the after the Sunday morning when the western, southern and eastern part of guns of Dewey boomed. Think what Asia, contains more than one-half of that awakening was for the islands! the population of the entire globe. What it means to pass from the bond- More than that, we have here more age of Spain into the hands of the than three-fourths of the to-be-evan- American Republic! gelized population of the world. God has placed the sick of the world in this Take Tibet, the nation that has great dispensary, and opened the doors been the mystery of the countries. wide for us to go in and heal them by Who would have predicted five years bringing them to the knowledge of ago that in the forbidden city of Lhasa the Master. a foreign army would force the sign- ing of a treaty? Whatever may be Those nations have through many thought of Colonel Younghusband's centuries been marked by a spirit of expedition, its result can not fail to moral torpor and lethargy, of deadly be a new, an awakened and an accesindifference to all great spiritual ques- sible Tibet. tions. They have constituted the great "valley of dry bones." Be not car- Take China. Do you remember ried away with the common statement how we bowed our heads before God that the people of Asia are intensely as that awful uprising swept over religious. There is a religious tend- China a few years ago ? We said: ency among them, but it is largely a "How is it that God has aJlowed this religiousness of form and ceremony great retrogression? All the labor of and superstitious fear. As to spiritual all these years has gone up in smoke religion, there is indifference and dead- and blood!" But out of that Boxer ness. These nations, beginning at rebellion comes a new China! The Syria in the west, and running round president of the Reform Association of to Japan on the east, have been in China said recently: "There are now this condition of moral torpor and 20,000 young Chinese following the indifference with no true public spirit higher courses of modern education in or deep religious life. China; 50,000 modern schools of lower grade existing in the province of Can- A emu of Unrest and Inquiry ton alone; 4,000,000 of the Chinese can speak English: 10,000 modern text- In recent years God h'as been arous- books from England or America or ing these nations from this sleep of Europe have been translated into Chimillenniums. There has been "a nese, and are now in the hands of shaking up"-yes, "an earthquake." the students." During the last century, increasingly Similar movements are taking place in Siam and Persia and Arabia, and * From the Christian. Obs.erver. other lands into which one after an- who have no rights that anyone is other God has come and is touching bound to respect. To these "outcasts,"

them into an awakened life. found in every city and village of In this series of nations there <,re the country, neither Hinduism nor Mo- two great centers of influence. One of hammedanism can hold out the faint- them is Japan. Formosa is a part of est hope. But the light of Christ has Japan. Korea and Manchuria are un- begun to shine into their deep dark- der Japanese control. China has been ness, and tens of thousands have come HJapanized." Equally true is it that in to the Christian Church, and other the south India is the center of power, hundreds of thousands have their faces not only from its political standing as turned toward the sun rising. In In- a part of the British Empire, but be- dia, then, there is not only the crisis canse of its religious position. Linked among the educated and intelligent- to the East by its pantheism and to the the unrest and the drift toward agnos- West by its Mohammedanism, it is the ticism, but there is this other crisis key to the religious situation. King among those who are reaching up from Edward VII rules over more Moham- the lowest depths for the new life and medans than any other monarch in the light given to them by the Christian world, more than the Shah of Persia, religion.

or the Sultan of Turkey. The Two Grer.t Christiani:l;ing Powen These two centers of influence, which stretch out their hands over the The last great fact to which I call outlying nations until they link hands your attention, I pray you weigh together, are also special centers of prayerfully and solemnly. God in His crisis. If there be crisis in all na- wonderful dealings with nations has tions, there is a deeper crisis in Japan brought into vital contact with these and India. 'vVestern religion, Western two centers of influence in the height thought, Western ideals, Western of their intense crisis the two great standards, these all have in peculiar Christian evangelizing powers of the degree in Japan and in India come in world, England and America. Follow contact with the old life, sleeping history down through the recent cen- through the centuries, and have turies, and you will be struck with the brought about a crisis which no one way that God has been unfolding His can fully understand who has not been plan in the Far East. The develop- in it. ment is one that no one would have Education has been one of the most dared to predict, and yet it is mani- potent factors in producing this unrest, festly no accident. Take Japan. You especially among young men. Occi- might easily expect that America dental education is destroying the would have influence in Japan, for foundations of false faiths and hoary America discovered and has largely superstitions. Young men have lost con- molded modern Japan. But who fidence in the old systems; they have cut would have predicted a few years ago loose fr0111 the old moorings, they have that England would be found in an not yet found anchorage in the Lord offensive and defensive alliance with Jesus Christ, and are drifting out into Japan, one of those but recently de- the darkness of atheism and agnosti- spised Oriental powers? The situation cism. The same is true of J apan. Th~ is accurately symbolized by a scene not situation is almost identical in the two long since enacted in one of the great countries, except that the temperament cities of Japan, when the intensest en- of the Japanese and that wider spread thusiasm was aroused by the display of education make the unrest more in- of the emblems of England and Amer- tense. ica on either side, with the Japanese In India, however, there is another emblem in the center.

aspect of the crisis. There are nearly Then turn to India. You would ex- fifty millions of people, out of all caste, pect to find England there, because

India belongs to England. But the G?d is marching on! He is showing startling fact is that side by side with HIS purpose. He has been fulfilling England is the United States. Where and is now bringing to the consummathere are perhaps two thousand or tion of its fulfilment the promise that more English missionaries, there are the kingdoms of this world are to be fifteen hundred American mission- the kingdoms of the Lord and His aries. What is true of the missionary Christ. Are you and I ready to keep situation is in a measure true of the step with God? Alas, we are not half commercial and even of the political. awake to the meaning of the voice of God as He speaks through His Notice: Three-fourths of the world working among the nations. gathered in half a continent, aroused from the sleep of millenniums, to a Responsibility is a tremendous word; crisis of unrest and inquiry; two great but there is one word more tremencenters of influence, themselves the dous, and that is the word of God's centers of more intense crisis; and love for souls. Face it out with God into vital contact with them now and ask Him what He has for you to brought the two great Christianizing do for the meeting of this responsibilpowers of the world, England and ity, for the manifestation of this infi- America. What does it mean? He nite love for the winning of the world is deaf indeed who can not hear God to Him who so loved it that He gave saying, "Forward, march " He is His only begotten Son to save it from deaf indeed who, if he listens, does not death and despair. "Go ye into all the hear above the deep "Forward, world, and preach the Gospel to every march" the shrill call, "Double quick " creature."

THE CHINESE DRAGON"S AWAKENING* BY REV. E. 1. DOTY, CANTON, CHINA The Dragon awoke early, but ere seized upon it and made it the the morning hours were past the advance agent of civilization; they Dragon slept, not the healthy sleep even used it to break down the that is the reward of toil but the sleep barriers the Chinese themselves of one hypnotized. Centuries long the had set up against them. In a Chinese followed the same ideals with word, while China slept the world steady gaze until there fell, like a worked on. But the tide of progress, mantle, close and dark, the long deep beginning in the Orient, seemed ever sleep. While China slept, the great to march westward. It entered Eupowers of to-day were born and fought rope from the East and permeated their way to accomplishment. That every kingdom. With the colonists it long sleep was a period of philoso- came to America, and in spite of phical and ethical dreaming-and bloody tomahawk crossed the States those dreams have deepened the leth- one by one. It is crossing the Pacific argy unto this day. It was a period and Atlantic and entering the Orient of invention, but not one of develop- once more. Should all the blood in ment. China invented printing, but living veins to-day oppose its progress, never developed it to any consider- it will permeate China to the very cenable degree of perfection; other na- ter. The impact of this tide has tions took it up and made it one of caused the Dragon's awakening. the greatest factors of progress. She invented gunpowder, but did not de- Note some of the changes that have velop its possibilities; other nations taken place. Probably first among these is the student movement, for * From Tlte Chinese Recorder.

CHINESE DRAGON'S AWAKENING

here governor and governed have met the opportunity is coming to Christian on common ground, The old school young men and women to guide the has passed away, It is most significant nation's youth into paths of knowledge that in the historic city of Canton and and progress. This may not seem at in other centers as well, the famous once an opportunity to be grasped, examination booths have given place inasmuch as the Church loses their to halls of the new learning, It is services as preachers and teachers. But significant because it stands for the however well a preacher may preach, fact that throughout the provinces ed- or a teacher may teach, the life is a ucation in new subjects is required, Christian's grandest witness, and en- This we may suppose was a forced tering the door now open this testi- step. The government saw itself mony may be given in high places drawn into the whirlpool of interna- where words can seldom reach. And tional competition and coolly sacrificed this testimony will be examined and the life work of her present genera- compared in a manner that must prove tion of scholars for the greater good its worth.

of the Middle Kingdom. But the de- The multiplication of schools cree revolutionizing the educational throughout the provinces is important.

system did not arrest China's ambition, It is the voluntary response of the Its goal was changed. The nation's common people to the higher call. It thought found a new channel, and we speaks for reaction that the teaching have an army of youth with its face in these schools is so deficient and the set earnestly toward the new learning. tendency so revolutionary, but it All this has created a great oppor- stands for a growth that, whatever the tunity for the Church, because at the opposition, can not be entirely over- present moment the mission schools thrown. Each school building is a alone are fitted adequately to meet the reflector, more or less polished, which conditions. I would not depreciate has caught some ray of light. And other schools where real instruction is that ray wil1 be turned by it to its own given, but wish to emphasize the op- place that all the land may be light.

portunity open to Christian institu- Throughout the whole educational tions. The government and the pri- movement there is a depreciation of vate schools stand rather for the new the old mode of doing things and a idea than for anything like the work- distinct approval of the vitalizing ing of it out. They are not efficient. methods of the West, but there is as The subjects are poorly taught. With yet little evidence of reformation of a few notable exceptions, the in- moral character, without which the structors are not instructed. It is new system must fail to bear its nor- left for the Christian school to supply mal fruit.

that new basis of character, without In connection with education we which all the equipment of the twen- note the increasing use of the English tieth century must fail in its purpose. language. The Chinese are seeking to And to the Christian school is coming learn English at present because it is a class of students from hitherto un- worth money to them, and the future reached levels of society. They may demands will be greater than those of not become Christians, but their asso- the present. The tendency seems to be ciation with us and the resultant un- either toward English or a revision of derstanding of our purpose ought to the native tongue. The time may not lessen opposition and bring into wider have arrived when we should teach repute the cause which we came to English in all our schools, but many establish. do teach it, and we also find English Chriltian Instr.lctions schools under purely native control.

Recognizing the superiority of Along with the study of English has Christian instruction, the new schools come a noticeable change of address are applying to us for teachers, and and manners. The last generation of

educated Chinese was a generation of and so changing the outlook of the scholars, the next is likely to be a gen- East that hardly a soul in all Christeneration of soldiers and diplomats. dom is not affected by the advance. Students are visiting other great powers, and Japan especially, where mil- The Government Circles itarism is at white heat and that phase of war exhibited by the peaceful pa- If we turn to government circles rade of uniformed soldiers with flying we find strong evidence of a similar flags and rattling drums is found most movement. The commission that was tempting. The time is at hand when sent abroad to study Western institu- China should develop statesmen who tions was a select body of men repare wil1ing to decrease that the nation resentative of the official class. This may increase. has ever been the conservative ele- ment, and such an action indicates the But the renaissance is not confined awakening consciousness that the old to the student alone. Socially it institutions are inadequate to stand touches China at every point. The the stress and strain of coming years. newspapers and magazines have more Call it what you will-anything from to say about the middle class than any self-defense to calm appreciation of other or even about the government what is noble-it was in the right itself. The student movement is a la- direction. It was a master-stroke. It tent force with boundless possibilities. made for world-progress.

But the middle class presents the real The commission investigated the inbattle-field of progress. The student stitutions of different countries and theorizes and winces under a yoke that made such suggestions to the throne does not rest upon his own shoulders. as seemed warranted by the knowl- It rests where there is vested property edge gained. To that commission we right. The student travels abroad and owe many of the reforms already urges certain enterprises. The busi- begun. ness man incurs the risk of the venture and experiences the immediate One of the most startling reforms gain or loss. The student is the agi- decreed by the government is the tator, the working man the real re- abolition of opium. The annual reformer. The work of this class is port of the Anti-Opium League gives found in the history of industrial de- quite fully the history of the movevelopment. Here should be mentioned ment and how the government came railways, binding the provinces to- to take up the matter. An Internagether by bands of steel and making tional Opium Commission has been easy and attractive the intercourse agreed to by all the leading powers, which shall drive away interprovincial making it incumbent upon both hemhatred and mistrust. Here should be ispheres to suppress the evil. Thus, mentioned the telegraph, instantly not only will the events of r840 be flashing information to all the chief impossible of repetition, but China will centers of the empire, and the tele- enjoy the moral support and sympaphones and electric lights, foundries, thv of the whole civilized world in her glass-works, and other such industries. attempt to shake off this great Here too should be mentioned the slavery. gilds and different societies formed for mutual aid and protection of par- Another instance of sweeping reticular industries. Space forbids the form is the promise of a constitutional treatment of these things in detail, ex- government. This promise no doubt tremely interesting tho they are to was made for reasons of political exevery student of social conditions. pediency, but apparently it was made Everyone of them tells the story of in good faith. Recognizing the naa reform changing the immediate tional spirit manifest in education, deconditions in the lives of thousands, fense, politics, and even in religion, it is an unmistakable mark of credit to the late Empress-Dowager that she

GREAT AWAKENING IN MANCHURIA

withdrew from the reactionaries and soli dated revolt of the eighteen provjoined hands with the forces that inces. And indeed there is reason to make for progress and unity. But fear. People of all classes are more just here is a very grave danger that or less discontented with the present the people will wrest the legislative status quo, and if opportunity offers power from the throne before they are are willing to abet any movement able to wield it. The people need to aimed at the reigning dynasty. There be patient until such changes can be is no doubt that a revolution is pendmade with safety. The progressive ing and that some are against any party would seize in a year what the compromise less radical than the com- West waited centuries to gain. Sour plete evacuation of Chinese territory indeed will they find the fruit plucked bv the Manchu. too early from the vine. – The missionaries have come with one message. vVe must seek to de- But notwithstanding all the prom- liver that message in such a way that ises of the throne, we find the people the Chinese will be edified. We must still discontented. It is a matter of teach them that a Christian experience serious doubt whether the conciliatory and a high moral life walk hand in reforms of the government, removing hand. We must teach them well the as far as possible all differences be- lesson that until the Law of God is tween the races, will be able to cast written on the tables of their hearts, out of the Chinese mind the intense they must be in subjection to that writhatred of the Manchu. The Chinese ten on tables of stone. In all our idea of patriotism is to drive him back endeavor, let us strive to build up the over the great wall whence he came. new creature, to present every man Much as the government fears a for- perfect unto God. eign foe, her greatest fear is a con- THE GREAT AWAKENING IN MANCHURIA* BY REV. PAUL PATTON FARIS, ICHOWFU, CHINA The mO'{ement began in February, ness is what every experienced mis- 1908, in Liaoyang, spread at once to sionary understands. Mukden, and, soon after, to Haicheng, Fakumen, Newchwang, and number- The particular Christians touched by less towns and villages and hamlets of this revival had in many instances a less fame-and no one dares predict special reason for public acknowledgwhere it will end. ment of their sins. In the peculiar stress of Boxer persecution in Man- A mighty outpouring of the Holy churia not a few Christians-poorly Spirit came to the Christians immedi- instructed because of a lack of missionately after the opening of the meet- aries for their adequate supervisionings, and His power became manifest proyed less heroic than their martyred at once in heart-breaking confession of fellows, temporarily denied their Lord, sin; then in outbursts of prayer, both. and saved their lives, tho losing all the petition and intercession, in great joy, property they owned. It was strong and, finally, in thank-offerings to God evidence of God's presence in the reof money and of service. It was a vival, then, when many of these Chriscase of complete surrender to God. tians with tears and lamentations con- fest their recreancy of eight years ago. That there are occasions for confession of sin among Christians recently "Not only did I worship the idols converted from heathenism's igno- myself," sobbed one poor man, "but I led myoId mother to the temple, and rance, degradation, and moral weak- • From The Christian Endeavor World.

made her do the same-and she is three separate occasions, but each time dead !" And he refused to be com- in vain. I have been like a fierce dog forted. frightening souls away from the fold of Christ. May God have mercy upon Another confest to having stolen me! God have mercy upon me!" And money and goods when Mukden was he threw himself to the ground in an burned in 1900, and a third told with agony of weeping. tears of his having actually been a member of a Boxer band, tho at first Immediately the whole congregation ignorant of its full purpose, and of his broke into loud lamentation; scores of eight years of misery ever since his men and women rushed forward to the escape from the band after his disillu- platform, fell on their knees, and made sionment. abject confession of sin.

But there were other sins also, re- When a moment of quiet came, a quiring presentation to the Lord; and voice was heard from the woman's these too were confest publicly, not side. Simply and tenderly this one easily nor willingly, but evidently as woman was beseeching forgiveness for the result of the Spirit's gracious com- the repentent elder; it was his wife! pulsion. In one place a Christian had been associated with highway robbers, Such prayers as hers were often and had been arrested and subjected to heard, whether for others or for the six months' savage tortures, and had suppliants themselves. The first reyet confest to nothing until one flash course of the tortured sinner was to of divine light showed him his lost the throne of grace. Eagerly his condition, and he writhed in agony on friends would join him in petition, and the floor. it was not long before requests for prayer began to pour in to the leaders Such experiences came to hundreds, of the services. They included those even thousands, of other Christians in mentioning fathers, mothers, hus- Manchuria this spring. Elders, agents, bands, wives, sons, daughters, employdeacons, evangelists, members young ees, the backslidden; they came from and old, inquirers, backsliders, canfest individuals, from hospital and other to having committed one or another of helpers, schools, and chapels in which all the sins in the decalog. Secret idol- prayer unions had been formed. atry, fraud, theft, opium-smoking, gambling, deceit-these were the bur- Each request was written, and was dens from which many a heart was very explicit. freed. "Chu Ching Ho," began one, "a One Example miserable sinner who has been a Chris- tian for twenty years; denied Christ At one meeting the actions of Elder and worshiped idols at the Boxer time, S. were noticeable; he seemed over- has been indifferent ever since. Pray powered with emotion. for me and for my wife, who is not a Christian. Alas! I have never done Twice he sprang to his feet and anything to induce her to become one. made an attempt to speak, but twice sat Pray that God may have mercy upon down again, burying his face in his me." hands in great distress. The people were as quick to respond At last he rose, sprang to the plat- to these requests as they were eager to form, and said in effect: "I can bear make them. When their own sins had this burden no longer! Before the been con fest, they seemed to have no Lord and the congregation I must con- desire but that all others in Manchuria fess my iniquities. Years ago, as all you people know, I was an earnest and should share that happiness. sincere Christian. But alas! I fell. My Whole congregations bowed in inwife spoke to me about my great sin, and at last I could stand her no longer, tercession. Of the Mukden congregaand made up my mind to get rid of tion it is related that not infrequently her. I mixed poison with her food on seven or eight hundred people were praying audibly at once.

A TABLE THAT TALKS

Nor was there any sense of discord, "Men's hospital, $roo; women's hos- wonderful as it may seem. "On the pital, $ roo ; Missionary and Bible So- other hand," writes Mr. Webster, ciety, $roo; education, $200; evangel- "there has sometimes been the most istic agencies, $200. striking harmony. It sounded, indeed, like the most beautiful music, as of a Three characteristics distinguished wind-swept Eolian harp." the Manchurian awakening.

Painful to witness as many of the As has been intimated, there was scenes of confession had been, the pain first of all a deep, overpowering sense was borne by the penitents that peace of sin, compelling confession, usually and forgiveness might be enjoyed. in public. Some day the young Chi- And peace came to the people like a nese church will pass beyond the stage great flood. Communion services were where public confession seems essenobserved with new experience of God's tial, but now most of the Christians in presence; it seemed that the very peace this land find no peace until their asso- ciates, who know their lives as few of a forgiving God was among the re- lives in America are known, witness pentant communicants. their penitent attitude before God.

A necessity for thanksgiving swept The exaltation of the Holy Spirit over the many congregations. Praise forms the second great characteristic. in song, gratitude exprest in offerings Early in the meetings at Mukden, as of money and jewels, and offers of a check on native impulsiveness it was service came from all quarters. One suggested that only those who had rewoman made a vow to give the Lord ceived "the grace of the Spirit" should two full days of service every week lead in prayer. More than once confor the rest of her life, and another gregations were brought back to first gave two dollars to buy books for in- principles by a sermon or an exhortaquirers, since she could not speak to tion on the one theme, "Not by might, them herself. One poor man gave a nor by power, but by my Spirit, saith dollar; another, six; a third, five bush- the Lord." The Spirit, thus exalted, els of grain. Many offered a tenth early made His presence manifest, and of their income to the Lord. One man the mighty blessing followed. offered five hundred strings of cash; another, the rent of two small houses. The third feature of this movement Salaries of helpers were provided for; worthy of note is the prominent part salaries were promised to new evan- that was taken by the Chinese pastors, gelists and pastors; and buildings were helpers, and other leading Christians. offered rent-free for church purposes. It seems that except at the beginning A young merchant tithed his property the missionaries had little to do but of $7,000, and divided $700 as follows: stand still and see the wonderful work of God through Chinese leadership.

A TABLE THAT TALKS BY S. M. ZWEMER, D.D.

The accompanying table tells of im- who fears he can not stand "the climediate needs on the foreign field. It mate" has here a choice of every sort is eloquent with facts and figures that of climate, from Alaska to Siam and speak louder than mere words.. It from West Africa to East China. Here emphasizes the dearth of missionary candidates, and speaks to those who are opportunities for the preacher and could go if they would listen. the physician under every kind of flag and civilization, and to every kind I. The table meets a whole series of non-Christian religion-Moslems, of objections and difficulties. The man Buddhists, Hindus, idolaters. Here

are places for those who covet a diffi- 3· And the table speaks of urgency. cult speech, like Arabic or Chinese, It is the day of opportunity in every one of the lands on this list. China is and for those with moderate linguistic m transition. Japan IS m the balance. capacity in Spanish or English. The India is in upheaval. There IS a Mosman or woman who IS waiting for a lem menace in Africa. Unprecedented "definite call" can run his fingers down ~—-l1EN—-~ ~—–WOllEN—–~ ~ ~ '@ Africa …………. . o"0 5 Alaska …………. . 4 Arabia …………. . I Asia Jlinor …….. . 2 Assam …………. . I Brazil …….. to ••••• Bulgaria ………… . 2 Burma …… . 0 •••••• 5 Ceylon …………. .

China ………. t_ •• 24 I4 4 I6 Cuba …………… . 3 Chile ………….. . 2 India •………….. 10 7 4 4 8 Japan ………….. . 22 I2 2 8 Korea ………….. . 3 Macedonia ……… _.

Mexico ………… .

Palestine …….. 0 ••• Philippines ……… .

Peru ………….. .

Porto Rico ……… . 4 Siam to .0. ,_ ……. . I Syria ………….. .

Turkey ………… .

U. S. America …… .

Miscellaneous ……. . 2 98 26 23 I3 9 IO 5I 2 Men…………………………………………………………. ISO Women………………………………………………………. 110 260 these columns and hear two hundred opportunities are opening in Turkey. and. sixty Macedonian voices. The cry from Korea is that of a dead ripe harvest field, while other lands 2. The table shows clearly the wide are awaiting plowmen to turn the virdiversities of gift now in demand and gin soil. These doors for the investthe multiform character of present-day ment of life are open now. The qualievangelism. Ordained preachers for fied man or woman must enter speedily regular pulpits in large cities or un- or that particular door will be closed. They are immediate needs, not the touched districts are wanted. Men for needs of future months or future the work of a bishop or with theo- years. Everyone of the items in the logical acumen to teach native preach- taMe is tip to date. If it is up to date ers; teachers of every grade, from kin- and you have the missionary spirit, it dergarten to applied science; men of is up to you. What are you going to business ability and captains of indus- do about it? trial training. When was there a wider, more varied, stronger call for leadership than that offered here?

EDITORIALS

THE "D. M. R."-A HELP TO PASTORS terest in foreign missions. Dr. Mor- gan's conclusion is that "we ought to The Presbyterian Church has re- abandon all methods spectacular, spascently published a valuable pamphlet modic, and special and give ourselves giving letters from mission fields to quiet, patient, determined instrucshowing the "Distinct Missionary tion of our own people." He adds, it Responsibility" of that denomination is absolutely certain that the very life for the evangelization of the world. of the Church depends upon her obe- Pastors and laymen should study this dience to the will of the Lord, and report with its presentation of oppor- unless we can go forward to the retunities in non-Christian lands. gions beyond, our own life is sure to suffer. This question is in very large A leaflet of practical value, giving measure a minister's question. If the twelve suggestive studies in this pam- ministry of the Church lacks definitephlet, with references to other recent ness of conviction and enthusiasm of literature, has been prepared by Secre- action, we can not expect the people tary Halsey. These twelve studies of the congregation to be other than would make ideal topics for monthly indifferent to this great work. Spirprayer-meetings. itual life is the secret of missionary work. The topics include: (I) The World Field; (2) China and the World; (3) BOSTON'S CHURCHES Light in the Dark Continent; (4) The Unrest in India; (5) The Unique Po- Rev. C. D. Gray writes in The sition in Siam and Laos; (6) Our Standard that Congregationalists at Southern Neighbors; (7) Responsi- the "Hub" barely hold their own. bility in the Philippines; (8) A Mis- Fourteen of their strongest churches sion Study Meeting; (9) The Advance dropt last year from 7,134 to 6,991. in Japan; (IO) Persia and its Prog- Young people seem especially to be ress; (I I) Christianity in Korea; drifting into other churches and Chris- ( I2) The Needs of Syria; The Sun- tian Science. The Methodists have day-school and World-wide Evan- about 30 churches, mostly small, only gelism. 7 numbering over 300. Five leading churches are in a "moribund" condi- These leaflets may be had from the tion. The blood and fire of Methodism Presbyterian Board, 156 Fifth Avenue, have disappeared. The Baptists have New York, for a two-cent stamp. It neither lost nor gained numerically. In is of value to other denominations as IO years there has been only about 300 well. Anyone will benefit from its study. advance. Dr. A. J. Gordon's church, DR. CAMPBELL MORGAN AND that gave over $20,000 in one year to missions, last year fell to $IS0! Rug- MISSIONS gles Street and Dudley Street, Mr. Gray thinks likely to unite. Tremont This well-known London Congrega- Temple, now pastor/ess, is a great tionalist has been trying to educate his preaching center rather than a strong great flock by weekly addresses on the church. Protestant Episcopal churches great missions and missionaries of the have made the most progress in ten last century. years, 19 parishes increasing over thirty-two per cent., and in the suburbs In a series of meetings in West- the growth has been as great if not minster Chapel he confest surprize and greater. These are facts to be studied. disappointment at the attendance. The vast majority of his own people were THE OPIUM QUESTION IN CHINA conspicuous by their absence; and those present were already interested We look with intense interest to the in world-wide evangelization. In all report of the International Opium parts of Christendom, only very few Commission which met in Shanghai "who profess and call themselves Christians" manifest any genuine in-

on the first day of the new year. life. Sunday is largely given up, even Three months before, in a report by by nominal disciples, to secular plans Mr. Leech, counselor to the British and occupations. Much that is apolo- Legation at Peking, it is stated that gized for as rest consists in Sunday in many provinces the area under excursions which only bring more expoppy cultivation is reduced, due, it is haustion and depletion of nervous believed, to increase of taxation, fine strength. Man gets away from God's and punishment. It has been found laws and ideals only at his own peril. difficult to enforce prohibition, on ac- Even a liberal thinker like Dr. Brooke count of the commercial value of the Herford said: product, and the entanglement of officials in the opium habit. In some "It is a mistake to argue for the provinces the effort to banish the drug weekly rest day on the ground of rehas been honestly made, and in Kwei- ligion. It rests in the permanent need chau it is said it can not be bought. and general sense of men." He was On the same day when the commis- in favor of enforcing it legally against sion met the decree prohibiting the im- all the common work of the world portation of morphia into China be- which can not give account of itself came operative-another foe to public as necessary or for some clear public welfare considered by some even more good. But just as earnestly he pleaded dangerous. for every restriction to be taken off from quiet, innocent recreation. On Why should not Christian America the other side, Mr. Charles Hill, of make as decided an effort to stamp out the Workingmen's Lord's Day Rest intoxicants as heathen China is ma- Association, invited the clergy and king to be rid of the curse of opium. ministers of London to preach a ser- mon on one Sunday in November in SABBATIC REST favor of Sunday observance, and against the opening of museums and President Roosevelt has directed places of amusement. Rev. J. B. that Sunday work, in the departments Meharry, preaching in his church at in Washington, be restricted to what Crouchhill, said we were not told that is of an emergency character or abso- anyone day of the week rather than lutely necessary to public interest and another was to be dedicated to God's welfare. Accordingly Postmaster- service. It did not matter on what General Meyer, in whose department day Christians met together to wormore work has probably been done on ship their God provided thej- paid rethe weekly rest day than in any other spect to the spirit of the moral law, branch of the Government, has issued and, above all, to the great goodness an order in compliance with the Presi- God showed for His creatures in dent's directions; the heads of other urging them, commanding them, to departments will undoubtedly do like- take rest. wise. The closing order is the President's response to an appeal from the MAILING MANUSCRIPTS AND Sunday Observance League of Washington, which sent a delegation to the MAGAZINES White House, headed by Justice Harlan, of the Supreme Court, to plead I f in mailing printed matter. manuscript and for a stricter observance of the day. proof, and exchanges, rolling and unnecessary folding could be avoided, it would save not a little We believe that· few things are inconvenience to the editors. We especially recmore needful in our day for the pro- ommend to those who are sending out by post motion of every interest of Church monthly magazines that arrangements be made to and State than a wide-spread and send them as the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE radical reform in this direction. But WORLD is always sent, in wrappers of the full the movement should begin in the in- size of the magazine. The Church Missionary Redividual and the {ami!:}', if it is to be 7.'ieuo, for example, is printed on heavy paper and permanent in ecclesiastical and social then folded lengthwise in the middle, and when opened refuses to lie flat. Other exchanges are rolled up in tight wrappers, and prove similarly intractable. If a uniform system of wrapping can be ~dopted, icaving the magazine, when not .too large to be sent without either rolling or foldmg, a gr~at favor will be done not only to the editors of this REVIEW but to many others. CHINA China Times calls "one of the leading educators and philanthropists of Tien- Chinl'l and the Millennium tsin city," has roused much comment Sir Robert Hart, who is now in in various government circles in China. England, said at a recent luncheon that the Chinese hated fighting, but circum- Mr. Chang was formerly associated stances would force it upon them, and with Yen Han-lin, first vice-president he prophesied that there would come of the Imperial Board of Education at the day when China would do something extraordinary. They might have Peking. He is now under orders to a great deal of fighting to do, but pos- investigate education in the United sibly in one or two hundred years would be as strong individually and States, Germany, France and England, nationally as Germany, and then and also to make a study of foreign would turn round to the rest of the world and say, "Gentlemen, there fisheries for the Chinese Government. must be no more fighting." They The Rev. Carl A. Felt, of North would throw in the force of their arms China, writes concerning Mr. Chang with the country attacked and against as follows: the country that made war, and he believed that in that way the millennium He has been at the head of an interwould come. mediate school in Tientsin for some' years, and has been very successful. For How to Hasten China's Redemption the past two years or more he has been becoming more and more interested in After a half-centurv of most inti- Christianity. It was at first a very abmate acquaintance with China and its stract study in his case, but has gradpeople, Sir Robert Hart has been tell- ually taken on new interest until it being where the emphasis should be put gan to glow and burn in his heart. He in missionary work. eventually came to a full realization of his privilege in Jesus Christ. He was The measures which he specially all aglow with peace and joy, nor did urges upon missionary societies are an he hesitate a moment in making his deincreased force of medical mission- cision known. Mr. Chang's acceptance aries and trained nurses; the opening of Christianity at once became the topic of new schools and colleges; the en- of conversation in all g-overnment circles. largement of work among women and He went to Peking to resign his position. girls; the establishment of more philanthropic agencies to help the blind, Chinese Officials Interested deaf, and dumb foundlings and lepers; and the sending of missionaries spe- Miss C. J. Lambert, principal of the cially qualified to influence the ruling and literary classes through lectures, girls boarding-school, Fuchau, in literature, and friendly intercourse. The result of such measures, he is con- which there are 220 Chinese girls, fident, will be hopeful and rewarding. "Until now," he says, "we have been sixty of whom are over eighteen years merely feeling the way and preparing foundations, but the new generation is of age, wrote home: going to build, and China's pagoda will tower high among the nations." The Chinese officials have been taking a great deal of notice of our school of A Prominent Chinese Converted late, whereas before they would have nothing whatever to do with mission- The recent conversion to Christian- schools. They were so pleased that they ity of Mr. Chang Po Ling, whom The sent every girl a piece of material, and asked that they might send the teachers of their new government schools to see our school and watch the children drill. They are now approaching me with a view to getting some of our girls to teach in the new girls' schools, as they said they had had a teacher for two years, and she could not yet get the chil- dren to stand straight; and they wanted one also to teach mathematics. and one to take the head! Of course, it is just what we have been longing for, to get some of these new schools under Chris- tian influence.-C. M. Gleaner. Missions As Seen by a Consul China Mission was founded in 1879, and reports that it now has two sta- The evidence is steadily accumula- tions and three out-stations in the great ting that the grace is spreading and empire. Six European workers are becoming prevalent of rating missions assisted by six native helpers, and 100 at something near their true value in professing Christians (76 communienhancing the well-being of human cants), are the fruit of their labors. kind. In the last volume of the "Re- During 1907, 16 Chinese were bapport of the Commissioner of Educa- tized, while 22 remained under instruction" stands an article entitled "Edu- tion preparatory to baptism. Nine nacational Activity in Fuchau, China," of tive teachers were employed in the which a large portion relates to the va- seven missionary schools, where 120 ried educational work of the Ameri- children received Christian training. can Board, the Methodist Episcopal The printing-press located in China Church and the Church Missionary proved a most valuable help in the Society, by Julian H. Arnold, late con- work. sul in charge. This competent and unprejudiced authority says: The China Alliance Mission had 10 stations, 26 out-stations, and The salutary effect of missionary effort ~I preaching-places in the provin China is entirely underestimated. mces of Che-kiang and Kiang-si Some day, when China gets upon her feet, she will gladly erect monuments to at the beginning of 1908. Its 29 the memories of those ardent missiona- white missionary laborers were asries whose whole lives have been devoted to the uplifting of the Chinese sisted by 44 paid and a number of people. Much of the adverse criticism voluntary native helpers, and the numdirected against missionary effort in ber of communicants was 358, while China is based upon ignorant prejudice, 222 inquirers remained, after 68 adult rather than a knowledge of facts. It is heathen had been baptized during through schools and hospitals on the 1907. Five of the stations were with- Western model that the more enlightened out missionary schools, and the seven missionary bodies are striving to Chris- schools in the other stations had only tianize China. Their work has been I I7 pupils. It may be mentioned as quiet and unostentatious, but the Chinese a most encouraging fact that the few are beginning to recognize the superior- Chinese Christians of the mission COl+- ity of these institutions over their own. tributed about $400 to the work of the Lord during I907. Growth of Methodism in China In connection with the work of the The Chinese Recorder for November gives some comparative statistics Berlin Missionary Society in China a showing the advance made by the China Missionary Union of Christian Methodist Episcopal mission in many Youths and Young Men has been particulars, and these among others: founded in Berlin. Its purpose is to The missionary force was 156 in 1903, interest the Y. M. C. A.'s and other and in 1907 had risen to 228; Chinese Christian organizations of the East in workers, from 1,283 to 1,653; full missionarv effort and to further the esmembers, from 12,085 to 17,597; those tablishme~t of the Y. M. C. A.'s within who have left heathenism, from 34,063 the sphere of activity of the Berlin to 56,385; schools, from 319 to 453; Society in China. scholars, from 7,558 to 13,519; hospitals, from I I to 23; dispensaries, The missionaries of the General from 14 to 29; native contributions, Evangelical Protestant Missionary Sofrom $32,288 (Mex.), to $362,445 ciety of Berlin in China call especial (Mex.). attention to the encouraging progress German Societies in China which China is making. They men- tion among other encouraging things Two of the less-known German so- the following facts: (I) The governcieties engaged in missionary work in ment has been entrusted to the ablest China are the Kiel China Mission and reformers, so that there is good hope the China Alliance Mission. The Kiel of the final success of the reform pro- The speaker stood upon a table, and gram. (2) The opposition of the gov- amid breathless silence, broken only ernment to the use of opium is most by occasional exclamations of assent, determined, while cooperation of the spoke on the fourth commandment people is apparent everywhere. (3) and preached Jesus Christ. He was The necessity of a thorough education followed by one of the elders, so that is acknowledged by all, and an ever- more than 1,000 Chinese heard the increasing number of men is demand- Gospel because one Chinaman, when ing a better and more suitable educa- sick, had heard and believed it.

tion for Chinese girls and for the Methodist Missions in Korea elevation of Chinese women to the position which belongs to them. The first missionaries reached Ko- rea in 1885, and the work was or- In "Reports of the Rhenish Mission- ganized into an annual conference in ary Society" we find especially at- 1908. The statistics are as follows: tractive and encouraging descriptions Missionaries, 41; native ordained from its sphere of activity in the great preachers, 6; local preachers and workers, 29; Sunday-school scholars, heathen empire. In Tungkun a 14,967; communicants, 24,244. They Chinese, Tai-yin, from a neighboring ask for 1909, $66,861. Received in village with I I ,000 inhabitants, was 1908, $28,465; increase asked, $38,396. operated upon in the missionary For new property, $25,75°; increase hospital three years ago. When fully asked for work as it is, $8,730. In recovered, Tai-yin returned to his no pagan country have we had the home, having received the good seed same success in the same length of of the Gospel into his heart while sick time as in Korea, and perhaps there and suffering. It brought forth fruit, is no pagan country in the world that and ofttimes he returned to Tungkun is so ripe for Christian evangelizato hear the story of salvation by faith tion. The growth of the work has in Christ. His house was cleared of been phenomenal and has far exceedidols, and to the neighbors he was ed our ability to give it financial known as a Christian man, tho he was support. One year ago the General not baptized. His aged mother be- Committee authorized a call for specame sick, and he asked her a short cial relief in Korea, amounting to time before her death if she would be $10,000, and about that sum has been satisfied to have omitted all heathen received. Six new missionaries have usages at her funera1. She gave her been sent out during the year, pracconsent, and Tai-yin came after her tically exhausting for outgoing and death to the missionary and asked support the entire special fund.- that he come and at the funeral ex- World-Wide Missions. plain to his relatives and neighbors why all heathen, idolatrous usages were omitted. At first the relatives Presbyterian Work in Korea were very angry because Tai-yin was The report of the Korea Mission leaving his mother without nourish- for the year ended June 30, 1908, is ment, as they thought, and when the a remarkable missionary document.

missionary and three of his elders ap- In spite of disturbed political con- peared they were greeted with the de- ditions, 5,423 communicants have risive shout, "foreign devi1." But, lo! been added. The native contribu- soon the street was filled with people tions amount to the sum of $61,- and the wide space in whose midst the 730.99. Last year the number of coffin stood was crowded with an adherents was placed at 54,987; this immense multitude, which waited ex- year 73,844. There are 797 self-sup- pectantly for the message of the mis- porting churches in the mission, and sionary, the first news concerning 454 schools entirely supported by Christ ever heard in that large place the Koreans; 12,264 pupils are under from the lips of a white missionary. instruction in the various schools. In

the hospitals and dispensaries under tions, with instruction covering every the care of the mission 46,336 pa- branch of learning, and special emphasis is tients were treated. Has there been laid on instruction in religion and morals. anything in the history of missions The factory owners have been so imprest with the effect of this home on both the from the Day of Pentecost to the health and condnct of the girls that they present equal to this advance made have persuaded Mr. Omoto to open schools in other boarding~houses. in a single year in Korea? SIAM AND MALAYSIA Social Changes in Korea The Fruit of Twenty-.even Years From Seoul comes a pleasant ac- In his annual report, says the Macount of how "the older order changeth, yielding place to new" in laysia Message, the Rev. J. A. B. the land of Korea: Cook, who has seen twenty-seven Yesterday a wedding was performed years of service as a Presbyterian in the First Methodist Church here, the missionary in the Straits, records some contracting parties of which were both of the things that have cheered him Koreans. The groom is the director of and his colleague, Mr. Murray, in the the Educational Bureau of Korea, and year's work among the Chinese: the bride the daughter of the governor of Chemulpo. Many prominent men and Despite the general business depreswomen were present. The dividing cur- sion and corresponding straitened cirtain between the men and the women cumstances of agricultural members, they was down its full length for the first have averaged two dollars per member time in the history of Korea. Among in their gifts. One of the oldest Chinese the higher-class guests present was a members and a former preacher, who is prince who sat beside his wife, one of still a voluntary local preacher, gave the ladies-in-waiting at the palace. Tru- $lOO to the Preacher's Fund as a thanksly, it is startling to think of the con- giving for special mercies received. Antrast between the Korea of twenty years other Chinese friend made a free gift of ago and the Korea of to-day. There sat land at Seletar, a country district on many ladies who had always been so Singapore Island, where work already in carefully nurtured and so completely se- existence will now be pushed. Another cluded that one naturally thought it Chinese friend gives the privilege of fellmust be a frightful ordeal for them. Yet ing wood, another gives planks from his seemingly it was not so, for they chatted sawmill, and yet another Chinese gives and laughed and seemed to feel as much $60 toward the building. at horne in the gaze of the world as do their Western sisters. Hail to the new All these, so far, have not declared Korea !-World-Wide Missions. themselves Christians; but there are scores and hundreds of Chinese like What One Japanese Has Done them there and in China, who have come under the spell of Christ, and of Says The Christian Work and Evan- whom many will before long come out gelist: clearly and show themselves to be Christians by name as well as by sen- We can not refrain from speaking of timent and conviction. Mr. Omoto's remarkable "Factory Girls' Home," at Matsuyama. Mr. Omoto, Progress of the Gospel in New Guinea when a young man, had been banished from his father's home because of his The Neuendettelsau Missionary drinking habits. One night he left a Society sent its first missionaries to drinking-house to break up a service a New Guinea, the great island east of Christian missionary was holding in the the Dutch East Indies, in r886. Since city. He was attracted by the remarks then the progress of the work has been of the missionary, and ultimately became continuous, until there are now I3 a convert to Christianity. He found em- stations, where 23 missionaries and I I ployment in a factory, and soon rose to helpers have gathered I,637 native a responsible position. He at once no- Christians, 536 catechumen, and 569 ticed the dreadful conditions under which scholars. In the spring of r905, there the factory girls lived. With the aid of were only 8 stations, I6 missionaries, Mr. Gulick and Miss Parmelee, two of and 3 helpers, 73 native Christians, I03 our most capable missionaries, he started catechumen, and 259 scholars. The a home for these girls. Here they lived under immensely improved conditions, and at very low rates. Then Mr. Omoto began a night school for the girls. The horne has now grown to large propor-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

increase of native Christians in three Bible teaches; to go to the source of years, from 73 to I,637, is especially Christian faith and judge for them- remarkable. It is to be regretted that selves. Three-quarters of a million the income of the Neuendette1sau of Indians-Hindus and Moham- Society has not increased as the work medans-reside in Burma. Their progressed, so that the society is now separation from their Indian homes threatened with a considerable deficit. has also freed them from many re- Items from Siam and Laos straints of caste and custom that bound them there, and were fetters In one Laos town, service was an- hard to break. In Rangoon, where nounced by the town crier, the mon- these men, educated away from their astry drum was beaten to call the audi- superstitions, occupy a foremost ence together, and Rev. Howard place in all responsible positions, Campbell preached standing within a there has arisen a spirit of inquiry few feet of a large image of Buddha. and a seeking after Bible study that deserves recognition. The only suit- The Governor of Chieng Mai has able response is a school where they deeded half an island, his own land, to the mission for a leper settlement. can study the Bible carefully and It is a tract of I60 choice acres, where prayerfully, where they can learn to the Governor's pet elephant has long know the God of the Bible. been sole monarch, for he was so vicious no one dared approach him; The proposal to establish in Ran- goon a branch of the New York he would push over a house or kill a Bible Teachers' Training School man that stood in his way. Mean- has met with a hearty response from while lepers roamed everywhere beg- Dr. W. W. 'White, the president, and ging for food, 'a menace to the public. funds are needed to start and carry Buddhism regards leprosy as retribu- on the work till it becomes well tion and never relieves its victims. established. This Bible School is to The Third Church, of Bangkok, now meet the need of educated men who uses an individual communion set, can pay for it when they know its presented by a Chinese member. value. It is not primarily for the The Boon Itt Memorial is in course training of mission helpers, as each of erection; a two-story brick building mission prefers to train its own. It with verandas on both floors. The is for those for whom at present no management will be on the Y. M. special provision is made, and who, C. A. Plan.-Woman's Work. when reached, can do more for their INDIA countrymen than any other class.* An Indian Christian University A Bible School Needed for Burma The proposal to convert Carey's col- Bible Schools are the outcome of a lege at Serampore into a Christian new phase of development in the university for India is one which must Christian Church. The need for an appeal to all lovers of missions. If interdenominational Bible School it is carried out, as we believe it will has arisen of late years in India, be, then Carey's original intention will where government has given a be accomplished. He always meant it sound English education to a mass to be something bigger than a Baptist of Indian youths who have had no training college, and one making an opportunity to study the Bible or to appeal to the entire population. An learn anything definitely of the interdenominational committee has Christian religion outside the mis- agreed to the scheme, and the prin- sion schools. The fact of so many cipal of the college has come to Eng- ·diverse forms of Christianity which land to interest British people therein.

work to evangelize the country has given educated men a curious desire '* Contributions or inquiries may be sent to Mrs. to seek for themselves what the W. F. Armstrong, 541 Lexington Avenue, New York.

This project should receive the heart- from Gulbarga, South India, comes the iest support from our people. The report of another Sadhu convert, advantage to India of such a university whom the Rev. J. H. Garden calls "the can not be exaggerated. Every close most earnest convert we have ever student of Indian questions must per- had." "Tho he has been a Christian ceive that the native population is des- for only a little over a month, he has tined more and more to do its own committed to memory the Creed, evangelization. The people, emanci- Lord's Prayer, the Ten Commandpated through British rule, are feeling, ments and I~uch of the Catechism. He as never before, their own power of has also read a great part of the New self-government, and this is as true Testament and the whole of 'Pilgrim's of the Church in India as of the State. Progress.' He is able to confound If the Church of the future is to have from their own books his former cowise leadership, its promising youth religionists and we hope great things must be trained in a Christian univer- from his zeal and devotion and learnsity. The quarter of a million pounds ing." asked for to complete the scheme ought to be immediately forthcoming. Success in a Methodist Mission It is one of the most important pieces of work ever undertaken in our great The Multra District Conference of dependency.-London Christian. the India Mission of the Methodist Episcopal Church was held the latter Death of an Eminent Saint part of August, and the workers re- ported there had been more than 1,600 Writing on the death recently of the people baptized in nine months. The first convert from Zoroastrianism in itinerating band had visited 246 modern times-Dhanjibhai Nauroji- villages, taught 7,663 Christians, Principal Mackichan (Wilson College, preached to 32,424 non-Christians and Bombay) says that tho the Indian torn down 1 IS shrines of evil spirits. Church has lost its most outstanding Jineteen pastors are supported by the personality, and one of its most trusted people whom they serve. leaders in spiritual things, he was an Indian to the core-lover of his A Present from a Traveler country and his people. His acceptance of a new faith did not change At the mission-church at Kotgur, in the framework of his mind and spirit. the Himalayas, on September 13, the He gave to Christ and His religion world-renowned explorer, Dr. Sven all that belonged to him as an inherit- Hedin, who had just returned to civance from the national life of which ilization after his travels in Tibet, was he formed a part. His theology was one of the congregation. Before leavsuffused with elements of value that ing Kotgur for Simla on the followcame to him from this long ancestry. ing day he generously presented the His stanchness was worthy of a mem- Rev. H. F. Beutel with the gold watch ber of a nation which, like the Jews, which he had used throughout his two has survived so many vicissitudes of years' journey, in token of his sympauntoward national condition; and his thy with and appreciation of missionconsciousness of God, his sense of a ary work. The watch, as Dr. Hedin divine all-embracing Presence, was desired, is to be sold for the benefit of also a part of his Eastern inheritance. the work in Kotgur.

Hilldu .. Holy Man" Converted A Missionary Church The October number of World-Wide The sixteenth annual report of the Missions contained an account of the Tinnevelly District Church Council for conversion of the Sadhu (or holy man, 1907 has recently come to hand. The of one of the Hindu sects), Ram Das, agents of the council include 41 Indian in Rurki District, Northwest India, pastors,1O inspecting schoolmasters, 31 and of his zeal as a Christian. Now evangelists, 151 catechists, 419 school- masters and 162 schoolmistresses. In the district there are 60,000 Chris-

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

tian adherents, some I5,000 of whom Kurds, Servians, Syrians and Turks.

are communicants. In the 456 schools And by creed-and creeds in Turkey there are I5,I46 scholars. The con- represent separate political entities- tributions of the Indian Christians to there are Moslems, Greek Orthodox, the funds of the Council (exclusive of Armenian and Protestant Christians, school fees) amounted to Rs. 64,412. Jews and Druses. The Senate, of In the report the missionary efforts of from sixty to eighty members, is ap- the church are dealt with under three pointed by the Sultan-that is, under heads; namely, "voluntary evangelistic the regime of the moment, by his min- work,·' "work of the Missionary Asso- isters. The deputies in the lower ciation," and the "work of the Indian house are supposed to represent con- Missionary Society." The advances stituencies of 50,000 males, and will made by the latter during the year un- number about 250. With all these dif- der review have been noted from time ferences of race and faith go varieties to time in our pages. The work of of dress and tongue, which add to the the Missionary Association is carried complexity and the difficulty of the on by 32 evangelists, one of whom is problem. Turkish is the official lan- in the Vynaad. In the Palamcotta guage of the government and of de- Circle, 30 voluntary bands went out bate, but Arabic, Greek, Armenian, preaching, and all the villages within Bulgarian, Servian, Albanian and ten miles were visited.-C. M. S. other tongues are spoken by delegates.

Gleaner. It is evident that if we had not assimi- TURKEY AND PERSIA lated our immigrants as they came to us we should have a like problem on Congratulations to missionaries in our hands. On a smaller scale it is Syria and Turkey, especially to those the problem of South Africa, with who after the long night of toil-three- its Dutch and English tongues. It score, fifty, forty years-now see this would be a serious question in China, day of victory for truth. Others la- where the written language is one and bored and died not having received the the spoken dialects many, and for promise, yet this victory is theirs also. India, if parliamentary government Levi Parsons and Pliny Fiske, Goodell, were to come.-The Congregation- Dwight, Hamlin, Bliss, Calhoun, Van alist. Dyck, Isaac and Wm. Bird, the Eddys, father and son, they are all in Free Speech in Turkey this victory; and most fully those of them who best revealed the Father Now that the censor has lost his job and, to antagonistic races, showed the in the Turkish Empire, words tabooed meaning of "brotherhood," the new for over thirty years will come troopword which stands out on to-day's ing into print again. A postmaster banners of rejoicing. – Missionary once held back The Independent on ac- Herald. count of its editorial on "Thanksgiving Turkey." No geography might con- tain "Armenia." Tho thousands of The Make-up of the Turkish Parliament men and boys were named "Murad,"

The list of racial names comprised it has not been allowed in the lan- in the membership of the new Ottcr guage, not even on deeds of property, man parliament is formidable, and since the present Sultan deposed his indicates the initial difficulty which brother Murad. "Youth" was a fatal the leaders of the Young Turkish word; it suggested Young Turks.

movement will have in guiding and Mention of any "Society" was forbid- unifying so motley a company of rep- den; so were "statue of liberty," "re- resentatives of such diverse tongues, public," "revolution," or anything that creeds and interests. To take them sounded like "constitution." So dan- alphabetically by race, there are Al- gerous was the word "freedom," that banians, Arabs, Armenians, Bosnians, even "free alcohol" was banished from Bulgarians, Circassians, Greeks, Jews, a work on chemistry, It was of no use to translate, "The Son of God goes Persian Mission. forth to war" ; choirs will soon be sing- Persia is undoubtedly one of the ing it. neglected mission-fields. It is more than one-third the size of India, its A Tuberculo.ds Sanatorium for Syria area being 630,000 square miles, with upward of 12,000,000 inhabitants, The long-planned-for sanatorium against 1,500,000 square miles in Infor which Dr. Mary Pierson Eddy has dia. Yet comparatively little missionbeen working has now been opened ary work has been done in the counnear Beirut. Dr. Eddy writes: try. Modern missions in Persia were begun in the sixteenth century by Ro- For three months I had been preparing man Catholic monks among the Arthe house and grounds, and two tent- menians. There are at present from houses were already up. Later we erect- 8,000 to 10,000 Roman Catholics in ed a large tent-house, called by the Persia. The earliest Protestant mispatients "the Hotel," and two white can- sionaries were Moravians, who in 1747 vas tents. The sanatorium itself was not came to labor among the Parsees. used at first, except as an administra- They were, however, unable to remain, tion building, as we planned that our owing to the disturbed condition of patients while still few in number should the country. The first permanent sleep, eat, and remain during the day in Protestant mission was established in tents, tent-houses, or among the pine- 1835 by the Rev. Justin Perkins and trees by which the house is surrounded Dr. Asahel Grant at Urumia for the on three sides. special purpose of winning the N es- torians to evangelical Christianity. In All went well at first; the patients 1871, Teheran was occupied; Tabriz gained splendidly, until one day we be- in 1873; and Hamadan in 1881. gan to hear rumors of stealthy steps Through the endeavors of Dr. Bruce, around the tents at night. Our midnight an Indian missionary, the Church Miscallers became bolder, our patients more sionary Society established themselves fearful, and then carne a memorable in 1869 at Ispahan; and later at other night when the wild beast walked boldly places in the South. In 1895, the under our very windows and uttered total number of Protestants was estimost blood-curdling howls. Next night mated at over 3,000 communicants and the very last patient slept indoors. Later about 10,000 adherents. we found it was a large wolf. As summer advanced, we were pleased that Lutheran Work in Persia people came, in ever-increasing numbers, from every part of the country to see the The Hermannsburg Missionary Sosanatorium. ciety has conducted missionary work among the N estorians in northern The sanatorium has two homes. One Persia since 1880, its missionaries beis on the mountains of Lebanon, over ing three natives who have received 3,000 feet high, where patients can stay their theological training in German from May until November. The other Lutheran institutions. The Swedish home has winter quarters at Junieh Bay, Lutheran Church in America has also where buildings are now being erected, labored among the Nestorians since as a memorial to the late Teunis Hamlin, 1888. A special conference on Persia D.D., of Washington, D.C. followed the General Evangelica1- Lutheran Conference at Hanover, The Girls' Seminary at Sidon which was held from September 15 to 17, where an appeal from the Nes- One of the potent forces for uplift- torians for increased means for the ing Syrian women is the Sidon Sem- work and for enlarged activity was inary. Fifty years ago it began with diligently discust. It was decided that ten girls. The influence of the school the Hermannsburg Society and the has not been shut up to Protestants, for a recent report shows among the students 38 Protestant, 30 Greek, 18 Catholic, 5 Maronite, II Moslem and 1 I J ewtsh girls. The seminary has grown to the limit of its buildings in spite of frequent enlargement. In response to a recent appeal, funds were provided to buy adjoining property, and the seminary now enters on a new era of wider usefulness. Swedish Lutheran Church (Augustana The horrible Hamidian despotism is Synod) send two representatives to over, and under the Constitution Persia to thoroughly investigate the this band of Turkish youths has conditions there before enlarging the hastened to enjoy the privileges hithwork. This was wise in view of the erto forbidden.-Homiletic Review. fact that some criticism has been made of the methods of the native mission- AFRICA aries. Progress of Missions in Africa Mohammedan Missions Sixty-seven years ago David Liv- Dr. George Adam Smith, preaching ingstone penetrated into the heart of before the Baptist Union of England, Africa, where he established his first teaches us there is an unwonted re- mission. During the next ten years he vival of life and religious thought and moved about through a region inhabtolerance among the Mohammedans. ited by several tribes without marked Instead of that faith forming a well- success, so far as the conversion of the nigh impenetrable wall to everything natives to Christianity was concerned. Christian, it now transpires that Set that beginning in contrast with a the opposite is true. The leaven of description by Rev. Donald Fraser, a Christ is seen in the fact that there minister of the Livingstonia Presbyis demanded the liberation of woman terian Mission in Africa, of a recent from the hitherto and seemingly im- convention held by the native church. penetrable darkness of her condition Those who attended, several thousands and life; in the fraternizing of Chris- in number, camped in booths erected tians and Moslems in the Turkish Em- in the woods. On Saturday 190 adults pire. This is surely the actual for- and I2I children were received into the saking of some of the essentials of church. Early Sunday morning the Mohammedanism. Lord's Supper WaS celebrated by 934 . communicants. Later a preaching Young Turks in Robert College service in the open air was attended by about 7,000 persons. In the after- The latest report states that there noon the church was packed with a are now 34 Turkish students in Rob- congregation of 3,000 for a missionary ert College, that noble institution meeting, and twenty-four native teachwhich stands high up over the Bospo- ers offered themselves as missionaries. rus in full view of Yildiz Kiosk, and One of the impressive scenes of the so has from its foundation been an Pageant at the Orient in London last eyesore to the Sultan, who did his best summer represented Livingstone surand worst to hinder the establishment rounded by blacks in Africa declining of this famous Christian college by Stanley's proposal to escort him to the Dr. Cyrus Hamlin and the other sea and back to his home in England. American missionaries. Think what is This word-p:cture drawn by Mr. meant by such an innovation as this Fraser would be a fitting sequel to entry of 34 youthful Turks, all Mos- that scene; and yet it must be rememlems, within those walls! Such an bered that modern missions are yet in event is one of the most startling the period of seed-sowing. A generaamong all the recent revolutionary in- tion hence this scene of to-day may cidents transacted in the near East. be regarded as only one of the first Under the tyrannical rule of Abdul signs of the accomplished conquest of Hamid and h-is corrupt ano cruel cam- a great continent for Christ.-The arilla, no Turkish students were ever Congregationalist. free to come under the beneficent shadow of the great American center How The" Suffer in Africa of Christian teaching in Turkey, which during a whole generation was educa- The late Bishop William Taylor ting those fine Bulgarians who now narrated the following: lead the civilization of their nation. I saw a woman who had been accused of witchcraft, and condemned to death by ferocious ants. She was bound to an the work is among the Portuguese Roanthill-often from IO to IS feet high- man Catholics. Two centers are on aud kept there all day. The cries of her the east coast-Portuguese East Afinfant were such as to cause her release rica, a wide-open field for the extenat night. The victim usually dies in two sion of the Gospel among the native days, but this woman was bound and Africans; and Rhodesia, a colonial emtortured for five days, and then driven pire under the British flag, where away because "she was too hard to kilL" Anglo-Saxon civilization is helping the She crawled in a terrible condition to advance of the Cross. In North the mission station, and the missionary Africa, lIethodism has been led to betold me she was the most pitiful sight gin a frontal attack on the lIoslem he ever beheld. After careful nursing stronghold in the continent. These for months she recovered, and this various territories, which have pracwoman, so terribly scarred and disfigured, tically been assigned to the Methodist was converted at my services. The re- Episcopal Church, include half a milcital of such scenes may seem terrible lion square miles of territory, and to civilized nerves, but how much more more than IO,OOO,OOO pagans and Moso is the endurance of them by millions hammedans for whose evangelization of helpless human beings? "Jesus Christ ~1ethodism would seem to be responcame to destroy the work of the deviL" SIble. They represent opportunities Pray daily that Africa shall speedily among whites and blacks, among know Him whom to know aright is life pagans, .l10hammedans and Roman Catholics. God calls Methodism to eternaL make a forward movement in the con- quest of Africa. Work for Women in Egypt Presbyterians' Share Missionary work in the Nile Valley has availed somewhat to usher in a Says the Assembly Herald: new day for Egypt's womanhoou. There are schools for girls which ilIore than 800 men, women and chiltouch some 5,000 lives, while Bible dren confest Christ in a year at one women going into the harems carry church-a thousand attend. Practically the glad story of salvation to more all the churches having native pastors than 5,000 others, both girls and wom- have come to self-support in the past two en. Already there have been gathered years. Schools are crowdecl in Kamerun into the Church a membership of 9,895, interior. Four hundred students at Elat of whom 4,727 are women. And the So of them girls. Scores are turned signs of progress among the women of away. Pupils pay a tuition. Girls can this Christian community are most en- no longer be prevented from attencling couraging. A missionary recently vis- schooL German Government forbids the ited a native congregation at an out- marrying of little girls. Polygamy is station, and when asked to speak to the crumbling before civil law and divine women's missionary society was sur- gospel; 20 candidates for the ministry. prized to find some 80 women present. Thinking it would be well to call on Our denominational responsibility is some one or two for prayer, the mis- the evangelization of 5,000,000 in Africa sionary asked the pastor if there were in the present generation. Sane and anyone who could be relied upon to Scriptural proposition. Men and means render this service. "Oh," said the are desperately needed. Ours to raise up pastor, "just call on any of them."- a native ministry and evolve a self- REV. C. K. WATSON. supporting, self-propagating church and schooL Methodism's Share of Africa The Situation in the Sudan Methodism is now established in six important centers. On the west coast This district in North Central there is Liberia, the negro republic, Africa, "as large as the United States demonstrating the abilities of the black and more densely populated," is torace in government and civilization ex- day almost untouchecl by any Christension; Angola, a vast and health- tian missionarv effort. In the Sudan ful plateau with great opportunities proper, there ~re estimated to be still among the intelligent Bantu and other 50,000,000 people who know 110 more of Jesus Christ as Savior of the world races; and the Madeira Islands, where than if He had never come. A few monwealth at Chisamba, West Central missionaries of the Sudan United Mis- Africa. Here, under the leadership of sion and of the Church Missionary seven workers, the various sides of a Society have in the past few years en- Christian community are being fortered the western border-lands of this warded. The Gospel is preached, vast untouched district. The e nited scholars are taught, the sick are doc- Presbyterians have planted one or tored, the farmer and mechanic are two stations on the epper Nile in the trained. There are 180 church-mem- East; but these are only solitary light- bers, a Sunday congregation of 1,500, houses piercing the dense gloom of 850 scholars in six schools, 19 evanheathen darkness which stretches for gelists regularly visiting a district of fifteen hundred unbroken miles from 10,000 population, a hospital with cot- tages under two doctors, and an industhe most inland station in the west to trial department-all maintained for the nearest lonely station in the east. $5,000 a year, or 50 cents per church- The Church Missionary Society, of member. The work will shortly be England, also has a few missionaries enlarged.-Missionary Herald. on the southwestern border, in A Wonderful Opportunity Nigeria. Nearly two years ago a dispensary Why Leopold Grants No Reforms was opened by the missionaries of the English Church Missionary Society at The answer is given by Mr. John the foot of Mount Kenia, in British Daniels, the corresponding secretary East Africa, and this has since develof the Kongo Reform Association, in oped into a permanent medical misthe December number of the North sion. Dr. T. W. Crawford writes: American Review, in a clear-cut article upon "The Kongo Question." The We have a wonderful opportunity here, reason for Leopold's incorrigibleness, as we come in touch with hundreds says Mr. Daniels, is brief: every day, and we have a congregation of from 300 to 400 on Sundays. Our work King Leopold has achieved world- has grown so much that I am making wide repute as a promoter and financier arrangements to extend my in-patient of extraordinary ability. The Kongo department to 50 beds. We have gener- Free State is his supreme business suc- ally from 25 to 30 in-patients all the cess. The profits yielded by the merciless time, and only IS beds. We have comrubber system to Leopold and his menced a day-school with 40 scholars. copartners in their non-official capacity as chief shareholders in the concession- A Convention in Africa ary companies are, as is proved even by the published figures, enormous. The Rev. Donald Fraser writes from Belgians have won fame only as a the Livingstonia Presbyterian Misnation of keen merchants and traders. sion in Africa: Leopold's business associates in the Kongo investment include many of the We have just closed one of the greatforemost citizens of Belgium. Undoubt- est conventions the native church has edly the institution of genuine reforms yet held. It was much the largest in in the Free State would appreciably di- point of numbers, and in sustained attenminish the profits from the colony, and tion, quiet, earnest decorum, and in pracmight even necessitate temporary grants tical results it will rank with the best. in aid. Leopold and his fellow stock- We made preparation for the accommodaholders are averse to any reduction in tion of thousands of visitors by the their present profits. Leopold's dividend- erection of booths in the woods. About loving subjects are not only disinclined 5,000 visitors came, and 011 Saturday we to be money out in the Kongo bargain, received into the church by baptism 190 but see in it no contemptible opportunity adults and 121 children. On Sunday, in for increased income. The net result the early morning, 934 Christians sat at of this hearty accord between the busi- the Lord's table. At ten o'clock we ness king and his business people is held our worship and preaching in the that Belgium, unforced, will not intro- open air with a congregation of 7,000 duce reforms in the Kongo. gathered about us. In the afternoon the church, which will hold 3,000 people, was A Christian Commonwealth packed for the usual missionary meeting. Twenty-four of our teachers offered The Canadian Congregationalists themselves as missionaries. The leadare partners in a little Christian coming subject during the convention was only. The only rea50n given for the "Christian Love." continued closing of 38 houses of wor- ship is "on account of higher political Perse(;ution in Madagascar reasons." Thus the missionaries in Madagascar are still threatened and Speaking recently at the annual persecuted by the Governor-General. meeting of the Brighton auxiliary of the London Missionary Society, Rev. EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN James Sibree, of Madagascar, gave a lamentable picture of the condition of A Million Shillings' Campaign mission work in that island. He said that twelve years ago they had a An effort which has been made by larger number of people connected the friends of the London Missionary with their congregations and of chil- Society to render Dr. Wardlaw dren in their schools than now, with a Thompson's year of office as chairman greater number of pastors and teach- of the Congregational Union a special ers than in all the other stations of missionary year is to culminate in the the London Missionary Society put raising of a million-shillings' fund betogether; but with the appointment of fore March 31St. To this end an the present governor, in 1906, a re- appeal is being addrest by Dr. Wardgime of bitter hostility to all mission- law Thompson to all ministers of Conary effort commenced. The Y. M. gregational churches and supporters C. A. had been broken up, school- of the society. The fund is needed, teaching in the churches had been pro- not for launching out in new direchibited, with the result that three- tions, but to provide for the normal quarters of their day-schools were development of the work upon which closed; and the official school-teachers the society is engaged, and to obviate were instructed to gather the children the necessity of reducing expenditure on Sundays for secular lectures. Mr. by withdrawal from some large field Sibree added that altho games and of labor, which would be regrettable sports and debasing amusements were in face of the phenomenal opportunipermitted on the Sabbath, "if twenty- ties for the extension of its work preone Malagasy met on the Lord's day sented by events, particularly in the to study the Bible they were liable to East. One donor has already given imprisonment." Dr. Wardlaw Thompson the first 10,000 shillings, and has promised the The Difficulties in Madagaacar last 10,000.

Friends of Protestant Missions in An Inspiring Offering Madagascar had devoutly hoped that their protests to the French Govern- We hear so much of the decline of ment would bring a change in the at- interest in regard to foreign mi~sions titude of the Governor-General, M. that it is always gratifying to know Angagneur, after his return from his facts which point in the contrary dijourney of consultation with the gov- rection, and testify to the existence of ernment in France. No change for wide-spread sanctified enthusiasm in the better has come yet, as is apparent respect of Christ's command to profrom a letter of an American Lu- claim His Gospel to every creature. theran missionary, Pastor Picard, pub- It has just been announced that the lished in the Journal des Missions amount of the fund which it was de- Evangeliques. M. Angagneur had cided to raise in celebration of the given the American missionaries rea- jubilee of the Women's Auxiliary of sons to expect permission for the re- the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary opening of some twenty of their closed Society was found, on Thanksgiving day, to have reached the noble sum houses of worship (of 43 houses of of £25,967 8s. Ild. No wonder the worship, 42 were officially closed in opening hymn at the gathering was 1906), but permission was granted for the triumphant "All hail the power of the reopening of 4 houses of worship Jesus' name!" As Dr. Barber finely

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

said, the women who took part in the gling with an inadequate income, and creation of the fund have been "linking the loving heart of England with meeting our liabilities from sources that the aching heart of heathendom" ; and could not be permanent, we have tried to convince the Church of our critical financial position. Last year there was it may be added that they have been a noble response to a call from the helping to link that burdened heart to Synod. Congregational contributions the yearning heart of the Savior.- were increased substantially, but not by London Christian. any means sufficiently. This year there is a serious falling off again. Have we Gifts for Medical Mission. hesitated too long? Has our faith been rashly imprudent? In any case the blow It is interesting to note that the has fallen, we can not help ourselves.

medical mission auxiliary of the Next year our mission will receive, for Church Missionary Society organizes the prosecution of its work, £1,000 less support for endowing 1,500 cots or than it needs to maintain it barely, acbeds in its mission hospitals, and in cording to the present outlook, on the present scale. And that is but a begin- 1906-07 collected 130,000 for the sup- ning of our reductions.

port of its 76 doctors and 52 nurses. Golf Balls VS. Foreign Missions The sum raised by the Baptist Mis- The people of this country spend on sionary Society's Auxiliary increased golf balls-the balls alone, apart from from 1432 to 19,522 in five and a half the upkeep of links, etc.-as much as years for the support of its 21 medical they do upon foreign missions, said missionaries and its 6 nurses. This Dr. Horton on a Sunday morning. society also organizes support for 183 The discovery had come to him as a endowed cots or beds. These are the great shock. By self-denial simply in only two societies which possess a the matter of this single luxury, the medical mission auxiliary. treasuries of all the missionary socie- Falling Off in Receipts ties might be filled to overflowing. The Congregational churches contribute Says the C. M. S. Gazette: for foreign missions on an average three cents a week for each of their In our committee-room we have been members. Everybody knows the misobliged to cut down the estimates once more, till now the total estimated expend- iture for the year ending March, 19IO. sionary zeal of Dr. Horton's own constands at 1370,000 as compared with gregation, so that it is not surprizing to hear that in the case of the Hamp- 1377.000 in 1904-05. and 1382,000, 1391,000 stead Church the contributions to the and 1379,000 in the subsequent years. In other words, the committee have been obliged to decide that in the year London Missionary Society amount to an average of 18 cents a week for each ending March, 19IO, the expenditure is member. It does not seem at all an to be 17,000 less than five years before, impossible thing that that average and if we look a~ the staff of missionaries we find that it has not been maintained at the strength of two or three years should be reached by many of, if not ago. It should be borne in mind that by all, the churches of the denominathese comparisons must be viewed in tion. the light of the fact that in the previous John R. Mott in London years there was an income increasing at the rate of about lro,ooo a year, and an During his recent campaign in Eng- increase in the staff of about 50 each year. land, Mr. Mott spoke often, especially Presbyterian Retrenchment to students, and always with great The Presbyterian Church of Eng- power, among the rest in London and land is in the same sorrowful case. Albert Hall. Of this meeting the The convener of their Foreign Mission British Weekly says: Committee has to head an appeal with The students were there, row upon row, thousand upon thousand. It was the word "Retrenchment." He goes on to say: not at all the gathering one associates with-let us say a missionary May meet- The word is written with deep pain, ing. The greater part was composed- but there stands the humbling fact. and that was the wonder of it-of young Time and again the warning- note has men and young women. Mr. Matt had been sounded. Year after year, strug- asked for the ear of the students of

London. It was given him. Mr. Matt is sent up to the Lords, with a majority one of those convincing optimists who of 237 in favor of its third reading. do not minimize the powers of evil, but There, however, it met what may who, watching with wide-open eyes the prove its death-blow, and its enegreat world movements, see above and mies are now classed as the "Beeramid them all the movement of the Holy age and Peerage." We feel disin- Ghost. In a few rapid sentences he clined to pass a sweeping judgment pictured the growth of the Church in upon matters so mixed up with com- Japan, in Korea, in China, the Philip- plex politics. But for a long time pines, and Ceylon. Christianity was daily there has been great unrest in making stronger appeal to the brain as Britain as to the frequent and deswell as the heart of India. This was the potic overruling and overriding of the strategic time, the time to bring up the popular will by this body of heredireenforcements, for the enemy's lines tary legislators. Steps are now bewere wavering. I challenge the strong- ing taken to reform the House of est men of the universities of the British Lords and make eligible to seats Isles to prepare themselves for leader- only those who have already been ship; I challenge you to a proper com- members there or are elected to it, prehension of the imperial sweep of our or have served a term in the House plan, of our resources; I challenge you of Commons. This will no doubt to a larger unity. In my judgment a increase the efficiency of the Upper proper plan of cooperation would be House of Parliament. more than equivalent to doubling the present missionary forces. THE CONTINENT The Education Bill in England The Temperance Wave Strikes Europe Few subjects have begotten so The marvelous wave of temperance bitter and wide-spread a controversy sentiment and principle that is now in England as this matter of religi- passing over America, and bringing ous education in public schools. The tidings of victories so rapidly that we Minister of Education, Mr. Runci- have difficulty in keeping up with the man, has been consulting with rep- history of the movement, is not conresentative leaders on both sides, fined to the western hemisphere. Even such as Dr. Clifford, and the Arch- continental Europe, with its low ideals bishop of Canterbury, seeking to find of morals that have to do with drunkthe maximum of concession each party enness, is being affected. In Germany, would yield, and the minimum of de- the home and almost possession of mand each would insist on. A com- beer, a tremendous indictment of the promise has been effected, and is traffic and its effects upon the people embodied in a bill, the substance of has been drawn up by a number of the which is that the denominationalist leading scientists and college professparty, mostly Anglican, give up their ors, and in Denmark the physicians of schools to be public and elementary, the land have drawn up and issued a statement to the effect that in that the standard of religious teaching to little kingdom the death of one man be undenominational – i.e., simply out of every seven is brought about Biblical; and that, where parents so by liquor-drinking; Switzerland at a wish, denominational teaching be late electicn by an overwhelming magiven on two days a week, b~t. not jority ordered the banishment of abat public cost; and that religIOUS sinthe, tho the country loses an imtests for teachers be abolished. We mense amount of revenue thereby. devoutly hope some such measure England, hesitating about passing a will prevail, for antagonism has been bill that does nothing more than bitter for seven years. slightly reduce the number of public houses, is lingering far toward the rear The House of Lords and the License Bill in this reform.

The government bill, on the subject of licensing, which in the eye.s of the friends of temperance promIsed to work great and beneficent changes, and which took three years to prepare, was by the Commons

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Medical Missions and German Christians their final accounting for deeds done The German Institute for Medical in the body, whether good or ill.

Missions held its annual meeting at Questions Before the Duma Frankfort-on-the-Main on December 2, where it became apparent to all The second session of the third friends of the cause that the interest Duma has been productive of sensain Medical Missions continues to grow tional incidents. All the Liberal orrapidly in Germany. The building gans agree that the present Duma for the Institute at Tubingen has been feels that substantial results must be so far finished that it can be dedicated accomplished in its second year, if its perhaps in April, 1909, and the work usefulness and prestige in the country of training medical missionaries for are not to be destroyed beyond reall German missionary societies can habilitation. The principal items to be commence at once. The means avail- acted on are the following: able amounted to about $50.000, but another $10,000 is urgently needed The restoration of the ordinary law, for the finishing of the building. An- the ending of martial law with the tyrother building for the training of lady anny of local governors resulting from it. medical missionaries and deaconesses is planned at an expense of about Abolition of capital punishment, so $15,000, half of which amount has as to do away with wholesale executions been promised by a friend of medical in political cases. missions in Bavaria. Universal elementary instruction. Monnon Activity in Norway Reconstruction of the local administra- tive and judicial systems. The Mormons are carrying on mis- Revision of the press laws in the in- terest of free speech. Personal immunity and protection of citizens against arbitrary' acts of the police. Religious liberty and equality of sects sion work in Norway with a venge- and creeds before the law. ance. Lately they held a meetir.g Temperance legislation.

in Christiania, at which 400 persons First Methodist Deaconesses in Russia are said to have been enrolled.' The president of Scandinavian missions In the history of Russian Methodand 33 missionaries from Utah were ism the first Sunday of November, present. Plans were devised for car- 1908, will ever be remembered as a rying on an active and extensive mis- "red-letter day," marking the formal sion work over all Europe, where, it opening of Bethany Deaconess Home is said, 2,000 missionaries are at work in St. Petersburg. More than fifty teaching Mormon doctrines and indu- friends of five nationalities gathered cing people to migrate to Utah. Their in the humble quarters, and brought headquarters seem to be in Norway, words of greeting and encouragement where there are 1,200 adherents, of to the five plucky deaconesses who whom 400 are said to live in Chris- had begun their work here during the tiania. awful cholera epidemic.

The Disaster in Italy On this same Sunday a communion service was held in the First Methodist Seldom has there been such a sud- Episcopal Society in five languages, den and appalling loss of life as in and 22 persons were received into the the reccnt earthquake which shook Si- church. The Bethany Home is a hand cily and southern Italy, bringing which our church is extending to the almost instant death to more than people of this great metropolis, a hand 150,000 men, women and children. of Christlike love and mercy which Messina and Reggio, with a score of shall reach down even to the lowest, other towns, are in ruins. Christians and minister to the physical and spiri- have hastened to the relief of the sur- tual needs of everybody, regardless of vivors, but it is too late to save those race, color or creed.-REv. G. A.

who have so suddenly been called to SIMONS. AMERICA mission will operate in Peking, and A Unique Missionary Tablet settle the matter of the schools to which the students are to be sent. At Mount Holyoke College on These students will vary in age from Founders' day, November la, there was twelve to twenty years.-Episcopal unveiled a bronze tablet inscribed Recorder. with the names of her daughters who served as foreign missionaries during Sound Doctrine on Federation the first half-century of her history, At the recent Federal Council in 1837-87. These women numbered Philadelphia, while the matter was up 178; they went to 18 different coun- concerning sectarian divisions on tries, under the auspices of 14 Boards. the mission field, Robert E. Speer They founded scores of schools, said he had no desire to extend including Fidelia Fiske Seminary, Presbyterianism in the Orient, and Persia, the Instituto for girls in Spain, he wondered why the assembly and Woodstock, India. Among them should be so slow to indorse what were Olive J. Emerson, M.D., who had already taken place on the gave a noble life service to Burma, and foreign field. He thanked God that it 8 other graduate physicians who all was impossible to translate into Orienwent out in the second twenty-five tal tongues the denominational names years. The first missionary grave at of many Christian bodies in America. Gahoon was Zeviah Walker's; Mary He wanted to see a living, spiritual L. Partridge ('86) was martyred in corporate union of disciples. He was particularly impressive when he said, China. This tablet is 7 feet high by 5 feet in closing: "The younger men-and I wide; it was cast by the Gorham Com- know their hearts-have their own day pany and is erected by college alumna!. coming, and when it comes Christian It is the only memorial of the kind unity will be near. They do not think ever established. The names of these that loyalty to the past means disloymissionaries and their adopted coun- alty to the future. The past is good only as it makes wav for a better tries are arranged in the order of ~ classes. The oldest now living is from future."

the class of '44, Mrs. R. G. Wilder, Mr. Speer was hardly more Catholic still in India (with Miss Grace Wil- in his utterances than his colleague on der). the platform that evening, Rev. Ar- thur S. Lloyd, D.D., secretary of the Chinese Students Coming Episcopal Missionary Society, and one of the broad-minded men in that com- There will soon be a large influx of munion, who is doing evervthing in Chinese students into the United his power to promote the growth of States. An agreement was recently the brotherly spirit. He said he conentered into between Minister Rock- sidered it one of the best signs of the hill and the Chinese Government times that when Christians get towhereby the Boxer indemnity was to gether they apologize for being apart. be used for the purpose of sending 2,000 students to this country to be educated. One hundred students are The TMk on Hand for Laymen to be sent annually for four years, and It is a hopeful sign of the times fifty annually during the time of the that the Laymen's Missionary Move- indemnity. Eighty per cent. of these ment should have made such a tri- students are to be trained in the man- umphant entry into the city of Boston.

ual arts and the remainder in law and A series of enthusiastic meetings were government. A Chinese educational held, concluding with a men's mass- commissioner, with five assistants, is meeting in Symphony Hall. Mr. J.

to have charge of the work in this Campbell White, the organizer and ex- country, but need not of necessity re- pounder of mission enterprise, was side in Washington. A similar com- present, and the assemblies of earnest, busy men caught inspiration from the en's colleges. The smallest proportion eloquence of facts and arguments pre- are in medical schools. The same is sented bv him. He names, as the true of per capita gifts (Bible and standard ~of liberality for America, in missionary training schools excepted).

sustaining world-wide mission enter- Wellesley reports 1,000 students out prise, the annual sum of $50,000,000. of 1,800 contribute $2,257.

That amount can be subscribed most Lincoln Memorial University any day in Vall Street to build a rail- road or capitalize a mining enterprise; The university, established about ten why not invest that much within a year years ago near Cumberland Gap, foro the evangelization of the world- Tenn., is housed in the fine large an enterprise in comparison with building erected for the "Hotel of the which railroads and ship canals are Four Seasons." It is conducted for child's play? the benefit of the mountaineers, and an An International Opium Conference effort is being made to raise an endow- ment of $500,000 in commemoration Everything that helps mankind is of the one hundredth birthday of pleasing to God. Secretary Root has Abraham Lincoln. Among those in- made another contribJ-ltion to the wel- terested in the progress of this univer- fare of man and the progress of the sity are General O. O. Howard and kingdom of God through his sugges- President Roosevelt.

tion of an international conference on the opium question. Great Britain, The New Y. P. M. M. Secretary France and Germany accepted the sug- Mr. Harry Wade Hicks, who has gestion,and the conference was to meet recently returned from a tour of the in Shanghai in January, 1909. At the world, has accepted the General Sec- request of President Roosevelt, Bishop retaryship of the Young People's Mis- Brent agreed to act as chairman of the sionary Movement of the United American delegation to the conference. States and Canada, and entered upon It is hoped that Mr. Root's suggestion his duties December I, 1908. Me may result in concerted effort to di- Hicks has for six years been associate minish still further the damage secretary of the American Board of wrought by the drug, especially in Commissioners for Foreign Missions, China. and previous to that period was close- The use of opium in Canada and the ly identified with the work of the United States has increased alarm- College Young Men's Christian As- ingly of recent years. It has been both sociation as student secretary for the imported and manufactured for use by East under the International Com- Americans. mittee.

Student Gifts to Miasions Mr. Hicks brings to the movement excellent executive ability, experience The faculties and students of insti- in the work at home, a knowledge of tutions of higher learning in United young people, a first-hand knowledge States and Canada, for the year 1907- of the foreign mission work in the 08, contributed $116,712.59 for mis- united States and Canada.

sions, an increase of $8,759.65 over last year. The reports show that 22,- Statistics of Churches in Brazil 172 students out of 294,682 are among Members.

the contributors, and they average Presbyterian, General Assembly….. 9,000 $3.00 each per year. The largest pro- Presbyterian, Independent Synod …. 5,000 portion of students contributing are in Methodist ……………………. 6,000 theological schools and next in wom- Baptist ………………………. 5,000 Episcopal …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. goo LEADERSHIP. By the Rt. Rev. Charles H. ence more and more proves Him to Brent. 16mo, 260 pp. $1.25 net. Lvng- be-the Way, the Truth and the Life." mans, Green & Company, New York, The rare union of breadth with depth 1908. in the treatment of this theme is here found in a remarkable degree. It is THE FUTURE LEADERSHIP OF THE CHURCH. an ideal book to put into the hands of those who are hungry for power but By John R. Matt, M.A. I6mo, 193 ignorant of the price that must be pp. $1.25. Student Volunteer Move- paid to secure real power with God ment, New York. 1908. and with men. It is a heart-searching book, and some of the chapters can It is a long time since two books be read best in the closet. Appearing have appeared which are of such real simultaneously with Mr. Mott's book, and practical value to all who study "The Future Leadership of the the problem of securing laborers for Church," it emphasizes the quality and the harvest. The books are on kin- cost of such leadership. dred themes, and emphasize the demand respectively for quality and Mr. Mott's book, which has already quantity in the Christian ministry. received wide and complimentary re- Both will prove of special value to the view by the Christian press, deals Christian student who aspires to leader- with the vital question of how to ship in the Church of God. The secure able Christian ministry. This latest volume by Bishop Brent con- problem, he says, is one of "transists of the William Belden Noble scendent, urgent and world-wide Lectures delivered at Harvard Univer- concern. It involves the life, the sity last year. The object of the growth, the extension of the Church founder of this Lectureship was "to -the future of Christianity itself." extend the influence of Jesus as the Way, the Truth and the Life." In The opinion of one who, tho himnone of these six lectures does the self a layman, has proved by his writer, who is himself a leader of men, Christian statesmanship and missiona scholar and a missionary bishop, ary effort among educated men lose sight of this high aim. After dis- throughout the world that what he cussing the metaphysics of leadership, says bears weight, will surely arrest and showing how the world is greedy attention to this problem and help of leadership and that men are keen solve it. The first chapter discusses to be led, he defines a leader and dis- the problem, showing the almost unitinguishes him from a mere demagog versal falling off of candidates for the by showing that the real leader has in ministry in practically all lands and him the power of the single motive, churches. In the chapter on "The the power of the human will, the Urgency" the reasons are given why power of the blameless life and the more and better ministers are needed power of fellowship with the divine. in the various fields of effort, while Each of these attributes of leadership the third chapter treats of the obstaforms the subject of a succeeding lec- cles and sets forth all the possible ture, and all of them ·are finally seen hindrances that face young men who in their full perfection and divine are considering the ministry. Among glory in the representative Leader of these he sums up as chief obstacles: men and Leader of leaders, Jesus The lack of proper effort to lead men Christ. "Whatever gifts a man may into this calling; the attraction of possess, whatever efficiency he may other pursuits; the utilitarian spirit develop by industry and application, of the age and the lack of an adaptawhatever genius he may have for tion of preparatory school studies for leadership, his power climbs to its those who contemplate the study of throne only if, leader of men as he theology. Among the favoring inmay be, he is also the follower of Him who claims to be that which experifluences he mentions the power of ex- creation. The pictures are not ample, the maintenance of a Christian pleasant but they are good for atmosphere in the universities, and es- thoughtful girls to see.

pecially the work of smaller denom- MISSION STUDIES. Outlines of Missionary Principles and Practise. By Edward inational colleges, which are to-day furnishing the bulk of candidates for Pfeiffer. 16mo, 279 pp. 75 cents the ministry. The last chapter is the net. Lutheran Book Concern, Colum- strongest one in the book. The barb bus, Ohio. 1908.

on the hook, the point of the spear is This scholarly attempt to furnish a "The Propaganda"-what to do and text-book of missionary principles and how to pray that the Lord of the har- practise for the use of students in vest may send forth more laborers theological seminaries is the first of made sufficient by Himself for the its kind in the English language. Mr. harvest. The things he suggests are Robert E. Speer's book, which has a so simple, practical and so thoroughly similar title, consists of essays on a in accord with the best counsels of the variety of missionary topics. This present leadership of the Church that book, by the professor of theology in the outlook surely is hopeful. the Evangelical Lutheran Seminary, is more like Dr. Warneck's celebrated Every missionary should possess "Evangelische Missionlehre," and both these volumes. The high ideals treats the subject both theoreticalthey set forth apply with equal force ly and scientifically with Teutonic to the ministry of the coming native thoroughness. It is not a historical Church in every foreign field, and the narrative to be read for an hour's enfuture leadership of the Church of tertainment, nor a thrilling story to God is not a problem of one continent carry the reader along by the fascinaor of one race.

ON THE WINGS OF A WISH TO THE BANKS tion of great events in missions. Its OF AN INDIAN RIVER. By E. Mabel F. value is for those who desire to dig Major. 12mo, 196 pp. IS. 6d. Church beneath the surface and reach funda- Missionary Society, London. 1908. mental principles. Here are some of Here is a bright, attractive, in- the themes discust: Is there a science structive description of an imaginary of missions? what is its scope? the trip to India taken by boys and girls place of missions in theology; in the under the guidance of a lady mis- Church; the unity and diversity of the sionary. The chapters are chatty missionary enterprise; the missionary and entertaining, the descriptions call and aim; the real ground of misare vivid. The author describes sions (Scriptural, dogmatic, ethical CIties, trains, manners and costumes, and historical) ; missionary means and Hindu temples, idol worship and methods; home missions: its field and missionary life. It is a book calcu- object; the nurture of missionary life lated to interest young people and in the home Church. To each of these to awaken in them a desire to carry subjects the author gives careful conthe Gospel to those in sunny India sideration and writes as a teacher who have not the light of Chri~t. should. The book is well adapted for use in advanced study classes, is OTHER GIRLS. By Edith K. Snell. 12mo, thoroughly evangelical and (notwith- 127 pp. IS. Church Missionary So- ciety, London. 1908.

Many Christian girls and women standing some German terminology), never stop to think what they owe strongly American. Careful foot-notes, to Christ. This book will lead them a selected bibliography and an index to think by showing the dark pic- add to the great value of this unpre- tures of the girls in heathen lands tentious manual. It will give all who -girls who are bought and sold, master it an intelligent grasp of the who have crippled feet, are eternal greatest work in the world and prove prisoners, are slaves of men, and an incentive for progressive study of are despised as a lower order of the science of missions. THE MISSION STUDY CLASS LEADER. By the heroic sacrifice and conquests of T. H. P. Sailer. I2mo, 140 pp. 25 the pioneers. cents paper, 50 cents cloth. Presby- terian Board of Foreign Missions, New Mr. Platt has packed his book full York. 1908. of information. It is planned for a text book for young people, with The mission-study movement has supplemental questions and refergrown to large proportions and is ences, but it is good for anyone to still growing. The great difficulty read and study. One will come from has been to secure trained leaders. such study a better citizen of the The Young People's movement has United States and a better citizen developed a few, but more are of the kingdom of God-with a needed. Dr. Sailer has proved one more clear idea of the way in which of the most efficient leaders of these the American nation has been diclasses. He has learned how to do vinely guided and of the possible it by study and experience. In this future of the great republic. brief manual he gives many valuable hints on theory and method that NEW BOOKS should be of immense help to those planning to organize these mission- INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF COMPARAstudy classes. 'After stating some of TIVE RELIGIONS. By Frank B. Jevons. the fundamental principles, Dr. 8vo, 283 pp. $1.50 net. The Macmillan Sailer gives definite practical sug- Co., New York. 1908. gestions on the preparation of the leader, the assignment of lessons, EIGHTEEN YEARS IN UGANDA AND EAST the conduct of the class and the se- AFRICA. By the Right Rev. Alfred R. curing of results. Every leader Tucker, D.D., LL.D. 2 volumes, illusshould have this little book and trated. 8vo, 359-388 pp. $8.50 net. should study it. Longmans, Green & Co., New York. 190 8. Briefer pamphlets are also prepared for the help of leaders-in- A PARSON IN THE AUSTRALIAN BUSH. By cluding some excellent dramatic pro- Charles H. S. Matthews. M.A. Illusgrams to accompany Dr. Brown's trated. Crown 8vo, I6-3II pp. $2.00. "The Why and How of Foreign Longmans, Green & Co., New York. Missions." 1908.

THE FRONTIER. By Ward Platt. Maps, DAYBREAK IN TURKEY. By Rev. James L. Illustrated. 12mo, 292 pp. 50 cents Barton. Illustrated. 8vo, 240 pp. cloth; 35 cents paper. Young People's $1.50 net. Pilgrim Press, Boston. 1908. Missionary Movement, New York. 1908. TIBETAN OUTPOSTS AND BORDER SKETCHES. By David P. Ekvall. 12mo, 227 pp. "World navigation and world his- $1.00. The Alliance Press Co., New tory may be divided into three York. 1908. stages: the Mediterranean, which stands for past history, the Atlantic THE LIFE OF JAMES ROBERTSON. By Charles which means the present and the W. Gordon (Ralph Connor). 8vo, 403 Pacific which holds the future." The pp. $1.50 net. Fleming H. Revell Co., horizon of man is expanding and the New York. I90B. frontier of yesterday is the home base of to-day. There is no more THE CHURCH AND THE SLUM. By WiIIiam fascinating history than the story Henry Crawford. I2mo, 75 cents. of the winning of the frontier-dis- Eaton & Mains, New York. 1908. covery, exploration, settlement, conflict, cultivation, achievement-with A MAN'S FAITH. By Wilfred T. Grenfell. I2mo, 50 cents net. The Pilgrim Press. New York. 1908.

TOM, DICK, AND HARRY. By Miss Frances Boyce. 2S. 6d. Marshall Brothers, London. 1908.

My FATHER'S EUSINESS. By Miss Marion Fiske. Illustrated. I2mO, 80 pp. IS. 6d. net. China Inland Mission, London, N.

1908-

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1906

EBEY AND OZZlUiANN

'TThheese twwou Kurullssh leadelr'Ss arec tllcated in front surruunddeedd. hyv …1llleeill..' bo£cfn!'-gguufft.'rd. Theey lI1ivve 011 t.hbe Perns;luan f ronti er and 1lIf"re hy depj>r edaotflollH ~ – ARMENIAN WIDOW AND ORPHAN GIRLLSS–QoNNFF. RESULT OF THE KURDI]SH :MASSACRES

of lhe World VOL. XXIX. No. 10 OCTOBER, 1906 VOL. XIX. No. 10 Old &ries New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES FROM DOUBT TO FAITH LARGE GIFTS Dr. James Orr, of Glasgow, whose It is a marked sign of the times remarkable work on the "Old Testa- that there appears to be just now a ment and Modern Criticism" took unique fashion prevalent of giving the Bross prize of six thousand dol- large sums for benevolent work. For lars and is thought to be the great- instance, the late John Crowle, of est contribution to the subject ever· London, has left a fortune of made by anyone, has delivered sev- about one and a quarter million dol- eral times a powerful address in lars to be applied to temperance re- which he maintains that on the part form. This Wesleyan Methodist of leading scientists there has been merchant gave his life, outside of for thirty years past a. tremendous business, almost exclusively to the reaction from skepticism toward advocacy and promotion of total faith. He instances such men as abstinence, and he has left this sum Virchow, Haeckel, Romanes, Sayee, for the perpetuation of this work, and others, as examples. No man contingent only upon the raising of perhaps commands a wider horizon a similar sum by the Wesleyans dur- than Dr. Orr, and he is peculiarly ing the next five years. He provides calm and judicial. He sees a very for ministers and other workers for decided trend in the direction. of the promotion of the cause in the faith. The blankness and blackness pulpit, on the platform, in private of despairing doubt, materialism, and public, and for the organiza- and virtually, atheism, appeal to tion of opposition to the granting of many who have been drifting away licenses. We hope to see the day from all spiritual verities and cer- when similar sums of money will tainties. If Dr. Orr is right, this be consecrated by the wealthy to the is among the brightest indications of direct proclamation of the Gospel our day in the religious and intel- at home and abroad.

lectual sphere, a sign of the times, Referring to such donations on the for which the whole Church has pro- part of the rich, we can not refrain found occasion to be grateful. from adding that if wealthy men and

772222 TTHHEE MMIISSSSIIOONNAARRYY RREEVVIIEEWW OOFF TTHHEE WWOORRLLDD [[OOccttoobbeerr

wwoommeenn oonnllyy kknneeww tthhee jjooyy tthhaatt ccoommeess tteerrss.."" TThhee ppeerrssoonnnneell ooff tthhee CCoommmmiiss– ttoo tthheemmsseellvveess ffrroomm iinnvveessttiinngg tthheeiirr ssiioonn ccoommmmeennddeedd iittsseellff ttoo aallll EEnngglliisshh mmoonneeyy dduurriinngg tthheeiirr lliiffeettiimmee ffoorr GGoodd''ss ppeeooppllee.. IItt ccoonnssiisstteedd ooff SSiirr MMiicchhaaeell wwoorrkk,, tthheeyy wwoouulldd mmaakkee ssuucchh ddoonnaa– HHiicckkss–BBeeaacchh,, tthhee AArrcchhbbiisshhoopp ooff CCaann– ttiioonnss iiff oonnllyy ffoorr ppuurreellyy sseellffiisshh rreeaa– tteerrbbuurryy,, tthhee MMaarrqquuiiss ooff NNoorrtthhaammpp– ssoonnss.. AAss aann iilllluussttrraattiioonn ooff tthhiiss,, nnoottee ttoonn,, tthhee BBiisshhoopp ooff OOxxffoorrdd,, tthhee LLoorrdd tthhee ffoolllloowwiinngg:: CChhaanncceelllloorr,, RRtt.. HHoonn.. SSiirr JJoohhnn KKeenn– When Andrew Carnegie's car was at naway, Sir Samuel Hoare, Sir the station in Richmond recently, the rail- Edward Clarke, Sir L. T. Dibdin, road employees who have been working for the Bishop of Gloucester, Dr. Drury, a railroad Y. M. C. A. building for the Principal of Ridley Hall, Cambridge, past year, thought this too good an oppor- Dr. Prothero, of the Quarterly Retunity to let slip. They called on Mr. Car- view, and Mr. George Harwood, negie with the mayor and told him that the railroad companies had appropriated $30,- M.P. Perhaps at no time in English 000 for this building, they had raised $12,- history has there been gathered to- 000 among themselves and they needed $10,- gether a commlSSlon containing 000 more to complete their assembly and greater ecclesiastical and legal light, educational equipment. Mr. Carnegie readi- and for two years the Commission ly consented to give it. The committee's thanks he turned off with "You don't has been acting. There have been need to thank me, gentlemen. I have got- one hundred and eighteen sessions ten more satisfaction out of this than and one hundred and sixty-four wityou have. I am having the pleasure of nesses. The evidence has been drawn my life in giving my money away while from six hundred and eighty-seven I live, as I can place it where it will do the most good to the most men." services in five hundred and fifty- nine churches. After such pains- ANARCHY IN THE ANGLICAN CHURCH taking investigation and careful con- There is at the present an impor- sideration of the evidence, the Com- tant struggle in the Anglican Church. mission concludes that uniformity is The long-waited Blue Book, with impossible, that "throughout the Post- the report of the Royal Commission Reformation history of the Church of on Ecclesiastical Discipline, is pub- England there has been a looseness lished. The anarchy in the Angli- of practise on the part of the Church can Church was so obvious and no- which covers a far wider area. From _torious that two years ago the Gov- the sixteenth century down to the ernment was constrained to appoint present time there has existed a con- a committee to "inquire into the al- trast between the theory of the law leged prevalence of breaches or neg- clearly expressed in the Acts of Uni- lect of the law relating to the con- formity, and the practise of the duct ~f divine service in the Church clergy in the conduct of public wor- of England, and to the ornaments ship." II''

and fittings of the churches, and to The irregularities discovered are II consider the existing powers and pro- under two heads: Illegal practises cedure applicable to such irregu- not significant of doctrine, and il- larities,, aand ttoo mmaakkee ssuch rreeccoommmmeenn– legal ppractises wwhich aappppeeaarr too havee ddaattiioonnss aass mmaayy bbee ddeeeemmeedd rreeqquuiissiittee aa ssiiggnniiffiiccaannccee bbeeyyoonndd tthhaatt wwhhiicchh tthheeyy ffoorr ddeeaalliinngg wwiitthh tthhee aaffoorreessaaiidd mmaatt– tthheemmsseellvveess ppoosssseessss.. IItt iiss wwiitthh tthhee

OF THE

latter class that ,the Commission has A CONSTITUTION FOR PERSIA been mainly concerned. They find unlawful practise amazingly com- Altho there seems little probmon, especially affecting the service ability of any true government reof the Eucharist in which alone they form in Persia at present, there are found thirty-four classes of such il- persistent reports to the effect that legal doings, such as the use of Ro- the Shah of. Persia, Muzzafered Din, man Catholic vestments which, has promised a Constitution for his tho so common, has not been pro- kingdom, and ordered the organizahibited by any bishop; then, the Con- tion of a national assembly. It is fiteor and "Last Cospel" have been said that this is to be composed of introduced from the papal church; princes, clergy, high dignitaries, merthe chalice ceremonial is mixed, and chants, and representatives of corwafers used in more than half the porations. It will meet at the capital, churches. The ceremony of the Teheran, and all civil and constitu- Lavabo is practised, while in four tional laws are to originate in it, behundred and thirty-eight churches the coming effective on receiving the celebrant turns his back to the people, Shah's signature. It is said that this hiding from them the act of con- action is due to the upheaval in Russecration. The sign of the cross over sia. The Shah visited European the elements, the ringing of the Sanc- capitals six years ago, and no doubt tus Bell, 'with the use of candles and made himself acquainted with the holy water, are reported as common. character and advantages of repre- In many cases there are no com- sentative government. It will be remunicants save the celebrant. Chil- markable if Persia should outstrip dren are being trained to attend ser- Russia in advance toward governvice without receiving the sacrament. ment by the people, but the day of The Host is elevated, and in fifty- the absolute monarch is past. The two cases the wafer is held up and day of the sovereignty of the comthe congregation invited to "behold mon man is at hand. Wise rulers the Lamb of God." Practically, the recognize that fact and act accord- Adoration of the Virgin is steadily ingly. We hope that this will mean gaining ground, with the "pressing" true advance for Persia. of the confessional. The Commission says that these practises lie on TURMOIL IN RUSSIA the Romeward side of the line of deep cleavage between the Church of Russia is still in the throes of a England and that of Rome. Surely revolution which no autocracy can it is no marvel if hundreds of N on~ permanently arrest. The dissolution Conformists in England have pre- of the Douma can not dissolve the ferred the jail to th~ abandonment spirit of liberty which will find some of protest against an Education Bill other manifestation and incarnation. that in their judgment places the in- When a great nation, long kept down struction of their children in the by the fetters of despotism, the iron hands of Romanizing High Church- rule of absolutism, once gets awake men. and alive to a sense of its latent en- ergy, it is like a colossal steed when once he learns that if he takes the

bit between his teeth and uses all his has been remarkable. Some weeks strength no hand on the reins can ago about 5,000 Jewish immigrants hold him in. Naturalists ,tell us that from Russia and' the Balkan states the eye of the horse is so constructed landed at Jaffa. They will settle in that it magnifies external objects, the plain of Sharon, round the towns and makes a man seem relatively of Ramleh and Lydda, and in Jewish gigantic, so that while the horse is colonies along the sea coast. A few immensely stronger than his driver days. ago some Jewish financiers or rider he thinks of his human mas- made a trip to the region east of ter as much .the larger and stronger Jordan, in the direction of Kerak.

of the two. However this be, Rus- They saw the land, and were highly sia is beginning to learn that an em- satisfied with its fertility and the na- pire embracing 8,500,000 square miles ture of its soil. They are willing and I30,000,000 people is too large to colonize the district, but are rather and strong for one little man to hold suspicious of the neighboring Beduin in check, even tho he be a Czar, tribes, who are averse to any per- and backed by a ministry of a score manent settlement being effected in of advisers. This gigantic steed their midst. The correspondent goes has got the bit between the teeth and on to say' that the Jews are in started to run, and the hand on the communication with the government reins is too weak to check the wild . on the subject, and should the latter fury of the charger. Here again is give them sufficient guarantee of pro- a crisis' that appeals for prayer. This tection against the raids of their is a time to plead with God for an- neighbors the sale of large tracts other people that form about onc- will soon be completed. .

tenth of the whole race, that a higher COMING LEADERS IN CHINA hand may just now rein in the otherwise reckless speed that can not con- It is difficult to find any fit worn trol itself. God only can prevent to express the world-wide movewhat is prompted by a desire-a pas- ment of our day in the direction of sion-for liberty from rushing to- radical and· revolutionary changes. ward lawlessness, for there is but a It is like the steady and resistless step, from monarchy to anarchy, from motion of a tidal wave that will not liberty to license. be "swept back," even by a govern- mental "Mrs. Partington," but moves JEWISH IMMIGRATION INTO forward and carries all obstacles be- PALESTINE fore it.

It is no small thing to arouse a The recent Zionist Congress has hermit nation like China, with nearly declared that they will colonize in no one-third of the population of the other land but their own "promised globe, after being shut up in a cell land." of exclusiveness for a millenium of The London Daily M ail states years. Yet China is certainly mov- that according to its Jerusalem cor-' ing, and with all the momentum of respondent the influx of Jews into a huge mass. What more convin- Palestine during .the last few months cing proof could be asked of a wide-

1906J SIGNS OF THE

spread discontent, even in the Celes- in various parts of the world, recent- tial Empire, with the present condi- ly held some meetings in Damascus tions, when in Tokio alone there are for the deepening. of the spiritual to-day between 9,000" and IO,OOO life. According to the London Chris- Chinese students, scholars that have tian a deep impression was made gone to the Island Empire to learn when he addressed the senior pupils the secret of Japan's sudden emer- in some of the Presbyterian schools, gence into a commanding position in as well as several public meetings in.- the Orient, and with only one-fourth the church. The senior pupils of the of China's vast hordes! Even Chi- Jewish boys' school attended, and nese literati have learned that scholar- two of them ·were brought to an ship is not enough. Mr. Beecher open confession of Christ, while all used to compare some sorts of learn- were deeply moved: A g~neral spirit ing that belong to the past, to "cobs of inquiry came over all the boys of that used to have corn on them," and that school, and many came to the it is plain that even Chinese wisdom teacher to have the Scriptures exis too ancient for modern needs. The plained to them, so that it· became literati are at once conservative and apparent that the Spirit of God was influential in the empire, and those at work in their hearts. who have gone to Japan on this errand are in some cases men of "high At the same time, Jewish men, degree," who when they go back hitherto almost unreachable, asked must help to mold the new empire. directly for the services of a Bible Surely it is a time for prayer, that reader. An equally encouraging the God of nations would control the spiritual movement is taking place influences which are to shape these among the boys in the Gentile boys' men, determine their ideas and ideals. school at Damascus. One of the While learning the secrets of material -:;Ioslems was deeply touched, and the pro~ress, it would be an infinite pity lads made a little meeting among if they are also drawn into the snares themselves twice a week for Bible of materialism, immorality, and in- reading, prayer, and to hear short refidelity. Efforts are already making ligious papers written by one or two to bring these Chinese students under of their number. In the Gentile wholesome evangelical influences, and girls' school a similar movement has may they be vastly multiplied. been going on and we trust will con- tinue to spread throughout this an- A SPIRITUAL AWAKENING IN cient city. DAMASCUS TURN ON THE SEARCHLIGHT Encouraging news comes from the missionaries of the Irish Presbyterian This is an era of investigation. Mission at Damascus in regard to an There is a spirit of exposure abroad interesting spiritual movement among which may easily run riot in its the pupils of the Jewish and the methods. It is the day of the search- Gentile mission schools. Mr. Fran- light and we all know that the searchsen, an American evangelist who has light is attended by a false glare. been visiting foreign mission stations Missions must undergo this process of search, and we are glad to believe

that the work, as a whole, challenges the deaf or blind, the flood of sense investigation. It is interesting to power flows with greater rapidity and see that even a prominent secular volume through the remaining senses, paper sends abroad its correspondent or, to maintain our figure, the im- to make an impartial examination pressions that seek entrance crowd, and report. Let us have, from as in greater numbers, through every quarter, a careful examination the doors of the remaining senses.

.of the work. Disclosure of what is On the other hand, whenever more actually going on can not do any than one of these entrances tf;) the harm. If there are excellencies, they soul is used for impression it is will be found; if there are deficien- conversely true that we thus double cies, exposure will bring remedy; or treble the amount of power in even if ther.e were dishonesty or im- our appeal. This truth is becoming morality in exceptional cases, every more and more recognized. Hence genuine friend of missions would the use of. charts, maps, stereopti- welcome exposure as the only hope con views, and visible objects, ap- of reform and cure. But, thus far, peals by way of intensifying the im- we rejoice that all careful investiga- pression upon the mind. The wide tion has proved vindication. No work application of this method is moder!}.

of which we know bears the search- It is becoming more and more char- . light so well. Missionaries as a class acteristic of all methods of education, are the formost men and women in secular and sacred. For instance, the the world, in all that constitutes real use of the stereopticon as a cheap worth and heroism. Whatever de- and available method of training con- fects there are, they are like spots gregations in biblical and missionary on the sun. We hope to see the day information . is becoming more and when it will be common for churches more common. The various mission- to send their own pastors or officers ary boards are accumulating fine sets to see for themselves and report. of missionary views illustrative of Unofficial visits weigh more in evi- work among heathen tribes, present- dence because they are not official. ing pictures of missionary stations, THE USE OF EYE-GATE native costumes, the habits of the people, and indicating the progress The appeal to the sense of sight of the work, and hence a wonderful in education is an important develop- increase of· interest and information ment of the present day. and it has a in the congregations. From personal philosophical basis. There is a large – observation and experience we can aggregate of what may be called strongly commend this method to the "sense power" in humanity. This, attention of readers. Oftentimes in in a normal human being, is distrib- obscure and rural churches where uted through the five senses which visits from missionaries are rare, cor- Bunyan quaintly calls "eye-gate," respondence wi.th missionary boards "ear-gate," "nose-gate," "mouth- . will secure the use of such materials gate," "touch-gate." Now, whenever at a comparatively trifling cost. Let one of these gates is closed, as in pastors of such churches try it.

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.; '0 ,'5 30 Sandy. SCAle '11 milu Desert S.IlI.%.W!M!R ACROSS THE EASTERN THRESHOLD OF ARABIA BY REV. S. M. ZWEMER, D.D., BAHREIN, ARABIA Author of "Arabia, the Cradle of Islam," etc.

The Arabian Mission of 'the Re- east, are still a neglected country. All formed Church in America has for of these provinces, and Hejaz on the its purpose and plan the occupation west and Hadramant on the south, of the interior of Arabia for Christ. are without a witness for Christ! Be- To that end three stations on the yond Bahrein and westward the maineastern coast, Busrah, Bahrein, and land stretches for eight hundred Muscat, are now occupied by eight- miles to the Red Sea. As Jiddah is een missionaries. Out-stations have the western port, so Bahrein is the also been opened at Amara and chief eastern port and entre-pot for Nasariya, on the Tigris and Euphra- all Arabia. It is therefore a gateway tes, and recently in the important to the interior, but Turkish suspicion town of Nachl, in Oman. But the and political fear of everything Westreal heart of Arabia, the vast interior ern have kept the door closed. Twice of Nejd, Jebel Shommar, Asir, Nej- it seemed to be ajar and I was priviran, and Yemama, with Hassa on the leged to enter, tho also forced to re-

treat my steps again. In order to changed much since I saw it ten awaken a spirit of prayer for this years before and was closely watched great region, this account of my sec- as a British spy by the Turkish offiond visit is written. My first visit cer then in charge. The mud-brick to El Hofhoof, the capital of Hassa, castle, with its garrison of a score of was in October, 1893; it was a tour unkempt soldiers; the dilapidated of exploration, for missionary work custom-house, with its filth of accuwas then scarcely possible. Our col- mulated hospitality in the guestporteurs have been there twice since room; the waving crescent and star that date, in each case with great dif- on the crooked flagstaff; even the ficulty and persecution. In 1904 I crowd of shouting boatmen and cammade a second visit, accompanied by el drivers and the curs crowding. the Salome Ajntoon, a colporteur, and we causeway-all seemed very familiar.

OJEIR CASTLE AND UCSTOMS HOUSE remained nearly nine days in the The harbor, altho not deep enough for steamers, is protected against the ~apital. Gulf winds, and is therefore a good landing-place for the immense quan- The usual route from Bahrein to tity of rice, piece-goods, and manufacthe interior is to cross over by boat tured articles which are transshipped from Bahrein for the interior. We to Ojeir, on the mainland, and thence were very fortunate in finding a large. caravan ready to leave. Sometimes to travel by camel-caravan to Hassa. when the nomads have made the We left by native boat-and that roads unsafe, or ,there is ~o escort means very little comfort or privacy ready, the traveler has to wait a fort- -on November 28, and sailed south- night for permission to start. Now, ward around the larger island. Because of head winds and a drenching rain-storm, we did not reach Ojeir until the second day. It had not

THE EASTERN THRESHOLD OF

the thirty boats in the harbor had un- Free Arabia with the inscription, loaded recently, and over two thou- "There is no god but Allah and Mosand camels were being loaded for hammed is God's apostle," such as the early start on the morrow. We you see in the picture. met old friends who had been to the mission hospital at Bahrein, and there In the hospitality of the tent we was not as much difficulty as we had learned that our'host, the army coloanticipated about passports and our nel, was by birth a Kurd from Arerrand in Tnrkish territory. After a menia, and his friendship was, thanks hasty meal of dried fish and rice, we to God's good providence, the cause struck a bargain with a camel driver of our freedom on arrival at Hoffor two camels and were off. The hoof, and the key to our success in camp for the night, according to meeting the people. N ext morning we rode on. The country as far as ARAB GutnES STRIKING CAMP NEA. It OJEIR noma d custom, is only a short dis- Jisha is desert, with a few tamarisk tance beyond Ojeir, and when the shrubs and some desert-thorn. At caravan haIlted we were invited to the Subgha we halted for the night. tent of the commander of the Turk- Here there are wells of fairly fresh ish troops at Hassa. So utterly un- water, and brushwood for camp-fires. safe is all travel beyond the coast in At this season of the year it was Turkish Arabia that no one goes ex- bitterly cold for Arabia, and we cept in caravan and with soldier es- needed blankets, as we slept on a bed cort. Two hundred horsemen from of sand under the glorious stars. the Tnrkish cavalry in Hassa accom- We were called out after supper to panied the caravan, and they were see a merchant in the caravan, who continually on the lookout for nomad was dying from dysentery, and to minrobbers. Yet at our first night's en- ister to him. Medicine seemed of no campment some Bedouins stampeded avail, as the man had suffered for many twelve camels with their baggage and . days; but he was very grateful to reescaped with the booty! The Turk- ceive a cup of warm cameJ's milk ish officers carry their own flag, but with a stimulant, and listened eagerly the Arab guides had a banner of to the story of the Cross. He re-

peated a prayer after me, and, coming menian employed in the army. There from Bagdad, seemed to have heard were eight present-the total of nomthe Gospel previously. The poor inal Christians in the army staffman died the same night, and was and our message was from Matthew buried in the desert. v: 13, 14. On the following Sunday no one was willing to risk attendance We left at daybreak, and were in for fear of persecution.' We, too, sight of the palm country at 9 o'clock. were watched from the day of our Jisha is a waIled village with perhaps arrival, and soon summoned to the two hundred houses. Salome left a Turkish governor's palace to give an copy of the Gospel with the MulIah. account of our errand. The gov- Jiffra is a much larger place in the ernor said there was no demand for midst of palms and with a weekly Christian books, and no need for our market. From here palms and gar- Gospel in a Moslem city. Salome redens, with springs and streams of plied that the Gospel was for all fresh water, stretch all the way.to the men, Moslems, Jews, and Christians, capital. even for the heathen; and he spoke in sllch a fearless, straightforward It was interesting to note the char- way that he won respect of all presacter of the trade by studying the ent. Our hooks were inspected and cargo of the desert fleet. Over one- with some hesitancy declared "perhalf of the camels carried piece- mitted," as they were all printed by goods for Nejd, and every bale was permission of the censor in Syria. plainly marked "Smith, Hogg ~ Co., There was some difficulty and much New York and Boston." There was loud argument in regard to an Atlas also Russian oil from Batoum, tim- among the educational books. Some ber from Zanzihar, charcoal from said the sultan had prohibited such Kerachi, and rice from Rangoon. like and others denied it. We solved How even in the far-off deserts of the question by presenting the doubt- Arabia the world grows smaller and ful book to the governor. One of the antipodes meet! Our baggage Dr. Worrall's old Busrah patients had Bihles from the Beirut Press was present, and his friendship won and medicines from London. the hattIe; this is only one of many instances where medical mlSSI011S We arrived at Hofhoof on De- break down prejudic~ and exert a cember 2, and were most hospitably wide influence for good. welcomed by the colonel in his large house. It was still Ramadhan, the Every day we went to the bazaar Moslem fast, so our principal meal of the town, and mingled freely was at sunset; during the long day among the thousands of Arabs who we fasted from sheer politeness and came to buy and s~II. Long before necessity. About fifteen hundred sol- we were ready to return our small diers are quartered in the capital to stock of nearly one hundred portions defend it from the nomads, and we of Arabic and Turkish Scriptures had the music of.a brass band every were sold out. Much of this had to morning and evening. On the first be done with caution to avoid the Sunday of our stay we held a Christian service at the house of an Ar-

THE EASTERN THRESHOLD OF ARABIA 73 I

fanatic element which is always Some had been in Hassa for over strong in an Arabian inland town. three years. Here Clre some human documents that te!1 their own story; On Sunday afternoon I went to the how many more are there who did military hospital, if the low, dark not open their hearts to us? tumble-down building can be called by such a name. The wards were J – – E – – is a clerk in the army, in a filthy condition, and the twenty a man of intelligence, who subscribes odd patients not at all comfortable. to four Arabic and Turkish journals All were glad of a kind word; two (which sometimes reach him) ; he was of them could read, and gladly ac- ke~n to learn of Christian progress in cepted Gospels. Our most interesting India. Twice we spoke together THE cCnllOor' n D MARRbli:TT–PPLACE OUTS1DE BOFHOOF work was among the soldiers, and to about the hope of Israel and Ishmael, them the door of access seemed open and he finally expressed his belief because of their life of misery. They that Islam was waning in the world are all exiles from home, coming -and in his heart. from Anatolia and Syria; they are A– is a captain in the army. For surrounded by temptations; paid only six years he has been seeking. First a pittance of wages at irregular inter- saw a Gospel in Mosul five years ago, vals; compelled to do duty as public and had the mind of a child. He is scavengers when not on parade; trying to lead his wife to Christ, and hated by the people and hating them; asked us "to try to persuade him mostly illiterate, and with no pro– that Jesus was the true prophet, so vision for amusement, except gam- that his wife might hear the argubling and tobacco. No wonder that ments from behind the curtain." She they all have a homesick countenance did not know he was already perand that desertions are frequent. suaded. He asked us to write out

prayers for his daily use. He fears grammar, and for the rest, Moslem .detection and banishment or impris- traditions and theology. He puronment. chased an algebra and a Bible. He was full of apocryphal Gospel stories 1M1—- is the corporal of a company and Moslem lore about Mohammed, of gunners. He is keen for contro- yet on a second interview promised versy, and invited us to ctome at to read the Bible and search it. We night and meet a group of soldiers marked some passages. in his quarters at the barracks, right under the large mosque of Ibrahim Our stay was too short for much Pasha. The whole round of objec- work among the Arab population.

HOFHOOF AND TilE ROAD TO MUBBAARRRR1llt:Z tions to Christianity was gone over, One day we mounted donkeys and and no offense was taken at my plain rode to Mubarrez, ten miles north of speech. When I called again the next the capital, along a palm-garden road day he asked me to pray for ,him. with many villages, and met a large He has many books written in Turk- company who listened to our mesish against the Bible. God grant he sage. There was greater interest and may find the Truth and the Life.. less fanaticism than I had expected. Hassa hospitality is extraordinary, J – – is of the class of Moslem- even for Arabia. The host does every- thing he can for the com fort of the Mullahs.. He is the ignorant, learned guest until one feels ashamed of beteacher 'of the Turkish school at Hof- ing a mere Occidental. hoof. His pupils are very few, as none of the orthodox Arabs will entrust There is no doubt that from Hoftheir sons to a Turkish teacher.. His hoof as abassee a great and effectual library, of which he was so proud, was door is ajar for inland Arabia, altho typical of Islam-erotic poetry, ab- there are still many adversaries. Our struse works on versification and

THE MOHAMMEDANS OF BALUCHISTAN

mission longs for the day when work Speed on, ye heralds, bringing in the vast interior will be established Life to the desert-slain amI carried on as it now is on the coasts. Will not these glimpses of Till in its mighty winging the land and the people and the God's Spirit comes to reign. hearts that are hungry for the message appeal to some to give their lives From death to new-begetting for neglected Arabia?* He shall the power give- Shall choose them for crown-setting And Ishmael shall live.

THE MOHAMMEDANS OF BALUCHISTAN t BY· A. DUNCAN DIXEY, QUETTA, BALUCHISTAN Missionary of the Church Missionary Society Baluchistan has a populati(;)11 of 1,- areas under different control: British 050,000, not including Makran, west- territory, administered territory, tri- ern Sinjrani, or Kharan. The last bal areas, and Khelat territory. The two districts lie near the Seistan first two divisions are really one, boundary and are largely desert. since they are governed by British With the exception of a few Hindu agents and the laws are practically' Bunyias, who live in the larger cen- the same as in India. The governters, all the inhabitants of Baluchistan ment is, of course, neutral on reare :fohammedans. These Hindus ligious questions, but occasionally inare well thought of by their neigh- dividual agents seem to favor Islam bors, and in the old days of raids for the people by supporting schools the Moslems made it a rule not to in. which the Koran is taught. The attack the women, children, or ~~in­ government has occasionally given dus. assistance to the medical work of the missionaries, and agents have The two chief sects of Moslems sometimes shown much sympathy in Baluchistan are Sunis and Shiahs, with the work. but the real natives of Baluchistan The Khan of Khelat IS an indeare all Sunis. t The Shiahs are repre- pendent Mohammedan chief, who ranks high among the princes of Insented by .Hazans (of Mongolian dia. In his own country he is nomrace), who in recent years have come inally supreme, but is kept in control into British territory to escape the by a British political adviser. oppression and cruelty to which they were subjected in Afghanistan. In general, law and order reign and violent crimes are not numerous. Baluchistan is not united in government, for there are four different * The photographs that accompany this article were kindly sent by Herr H. Burckhardt, of Berlin, who went to Hassa a few months later than I did, and also visited the EI Katar peninsula. For a fuller description of the history and condition of Hassa's capital, see Chapter XI "in Arabia, the Cradle of Islam."-S. M. Z t Compiled from personal experience in three years' i.tineration am011g Pathans, Baluchis, and Brahuis, and from Census Report of Mr. Hughes-Buller. As given in a paper prepared for the Cairo Conference.

Survey of Islam in Asia, April, 1906.

t Mr. Hughes-Buller thinks that there are indications that both Balnch and Brahuis were at one time Shiahs. Baluchistan, in olden days, having been a province of Persia, Shiah influence must have been felt.

The government, according to native sion. In 714 A.D. Mohammed, son law and custom, is tempered to some of Kasim, set out from Shiraz to con- extent by the influence of Islam. Al- quer Sind, and on his way passed tho orders have been given that Makram. In the tenth century a cer- armed escorts should accompany ev- tain writer mentions that the gover- ery foreigner when itinerating, there nor of Khozdar (near the present is not much danger from fanaticism. village of Khelat) was Muirbin Ah- Preaching in the ordinary sense is mad and that the Khutba was read not, however, considered advisable. in the name of the Khalifa only.

The tribal areas are occupied by Early graves of Baluchistan are made wild tribes of Baluchis, who are prac- in another direction than that toward, tically independent, but are kept from Mecca, showing that probably the fighting and crimes by occasional vis- early inhabitants were Zoroastrians.

its of a political agent and by subsi- The number of Moslems seems to be dies which are withheld in case of increasing, owing to the cessation of the least disturbance. The chief the tribal wars, looting, and raids detriment to crime seems to be, how- during the last IS to 20 years. There ever, the fear of the British Raj, of has been a gradual restoration of law whose power they have had unpleas- and order under the British govern- ant experience when expeditions have ment. Immigration and peace have been sent against them. These tribes also allowed settlement in many dis- are all fanatical Moslems, and the life tricts at one period uninhabited. At of a convert to Christ would not be the same time many Baluchis have safe among them. Preaching is not gone to Sind and the Punjab, finding allowed, so that at present the only it impossible to live among the barren means of reaching these people is mountains and sandy deserts of Balu- through medical work. The govern- chistan without recourse to looting.

ment has arranged to furnish an es- Alth? the Brahui people are the cort to those visiting these tribes, and most numerous, they do not all use the people themselves have requested the Brahui l~ngllage. Many speak me never to leave camp without some Persian, Baluchi, and Sindhi. :'umer- guard. ically Pushtu probably stands first, Census Report on the Spread of ,Islam then Brahui, Baluchi, Sindhi, and Persian. Urdu is understood b}; The exact period at which the nearly all chiefs and by many Hindu tribes of Baluchistan first came into Bunyias, and is rapielly spreading in contact with Mohammedanism must places where the people come in remain buried in obscurity. It is contact with the government. Per- probable, however, that they did so sian is the favorite language of the early in the Mohammedan era. Seis- upper classes, arnd almost every man tan, which touches the western bor-. who makes any pretense to educa- der of the province, was conquered tion usually includes Persian as one as early as 31 A.H., and about 44 of his accomplishments. Very few A.H. In 665 A.H. Muhallah, son of of the Mullahs really understand Abu Safra, brought the countries Arabic.

of Kabul and Zabul under submis- The government report says that

MOHAMMEDANS OF BALUCHISTAN

the bulk of the population has re- perhaps was balanced against an- ceived and is receiving no education other.

whatever. Even those few who learn Concubinage exists, more especially the Koran do not understand its among the Baluchi chiefs (where the meaning. A few sons of chiefs have treaty prohibits missionaries from received some instruction in Urdu teaching their women). I know of and Persian, and a few have been several chiefs who have thirty, forty, trained to be Mullahs by being sent fifty or sixty women, but whether to Kandahar to finish their education. they all occupy the position of con- The guvernment has established cubines it is difficult to say. Many schools in several centers, and oc- seem to be dom(l.stic slaves and are casionally these are attended by Path- often given by the chief to his fol- ans, but the Hindus seem to pre- lowers or to male slaves. From med- dominate, the Bunyias evidently real- ical experience and reports .it seems izing the importance of education. that in many cases there is no mar- Outside the imported population of riage bond, or it is often broken.

Hindus and Sikhs living in the two Women stolen from India or en- or three government centers there are ticed away under false pretenses ap- among Mohammedans only 117 liter- . pear to be living lives of common ates per 1,000, and among the women prostitution in the large villages of only 23 per 1,000. In many cases Baluchi chiefs.

even these do not understand 'what Many of these tribes in the past they are reading. In the last three were great border robbers, and it is years we have found only three or only during the last twenty years that four Mullahs who were willing or their raiding has been stopped. They able to answer arguments. formerly imported slaves, and occa- Social Conditions sionally on looting expeditions they took women away with their other Polygamy is not very common loot. The descendants of these slaves among the common people. The to-day form a numerous body in some purchase of wives is in vogue, so that of the larger villages, and many ap- the poverty of the people prevents pear to be in a very miserable condi- the possession of more than one wife tion. The children often wear but a except by the wealthier classes. All few rags and many of them go en- • the chiefs and many Mullahs with tirely naked. Different forms of whom I have come into contact pos- venereal disease are also common, sess more than one wife, and several as both among adults and children.

many as five or s-ix. The price of The women, both free and slave, girls varies, being highest among are given all the degrading work and Pathans, where, a'ccording to reports, often bear the heavy burdens, while there is the greatest paucity of wom- the men sit in idleness, Throughout en. The prices have risen of recent the country, both in British territory, years, as men find they can now claim Khelat State, and Mani and Bugti payment in court, whereas in old countries, are to 1;Je found hundreds days in many cases the money was of Hazara women, who during the never 'fully paid up, or one relative late Hazara revolt in Afghanistan,

were taken by the Amir from their caught. But to-day a man, in order homes, and sold by Pathans all over to secure money, will often accuse 8aluchistan. In every large village his wife of adultery when her only in some districts these women are to fault may be that she does not please be found and every chief possesses her husband. The death penalty, in numbers of them. Their owners British territory, has been abolished. ~,peak of buying them as one might The reports say that among Afghans, refer to buying cattle. on the other hand, immorality on the part of a wife is winked at by her In Khelat State the great blot is husband, and that even when the the Court of the Khan, where vile matter has become a public scandal, orgies are enacted, which it is impos- the injured husband is generally will- sible to describe. It is said that some ing to overlook it on payment of a of the boys have died from the treat- few rupees and one or two girls. ment received. The first chapter of Among Baluchis the feeling in re- Romans is a true picture of the con- gard to adultery is said to be very ditions existing among Brahuis, Path- severe. From personal experience, :lllS, and Baluchis to-day. Scarcely a however, living among these tribes, day passes but medical experience in their villages, in their houses, and testifies to the truth of the worst re- encampments, there seems to be noports and observations. Taking the where more open prostitution than first 450 cases treated recently on a in the capitals of the Baluchi chiefs. tour among the Marri and Bugti Ba- 1l1chis, 14 per cent. were due to the The seclusion of women is not sensuality of the people. Almost practised except a~ong the most imevery chief and many of the Mullahs portant Sirdars and chiefs. Here are suffering from the effects of im- and there, where the people have purity. So many Mullahs are treated come more into contact with Indian for syphilis at our hospital and on customs, one finds the purdah system itineration that it is often spoken of being established, but it is exceptionas "the Mullah's disease." These al. The following extract on the poconditions in some of the villages are sition of women in Baluchistan is no doubt partly due to slavery, many from the government census report: of the slaves being really common prostitutes. The bazaars, which are Throughout the province, more especialthe outcome of our occupation of the ly among Afghans and Brahuis (from exfrontier, have also very much to an- perience among all three people, I can swer for regarding the spread of ve- testify that the Baluchis are in by far the nereal disease. worst condition), the position of woman is one of extreme degradation. She is not The government reports state that only a mere household drudge, but she is immorality among women is common the slave of man in all his needs, and her and that in spite of the requirements life is one of continual and abject toil. of the Koran with regard to wit- No sooner is a girl fit for work than her nesses, death is, according to the parents send her to tend the cattle and she tribal custom of Baluchis and Brahuis, is compelled to take her part in all the orthe only punishment for an unfaith- dinary household duties. Owing to the ful woman and her lover when' system of buying wives, in vogue among Afghans, a girl as soon as she reat:hes mar- riageable age is, for all practical purposes,

THE MOHAMMEDANS OF BALUCHISTAN

put up for auction and sold to the highest Material Progress bidder. Her father discourses in the mar- "Until 1875," says Sir Herbert Edket on her beauty or ability as a house- wards, in the government report, "in the ebb and flow of might, right, keeper, and invites offers from those who possession, and spoliation, there was desire a wife. Even the more wealthy no security of life or property, and and more respectable Afghans are not practically no communications exist- ed. The only. way in which whole above this system of thus lauding the fe- tribes were saved from extermination male wares which they have for sale. Even the betrothal of unborn girls is frequent.

It is also usual that compensation for blood be ordered to be paid in the shape of girls, some of whom are living, while others are yet unborn.

Woman in Baluchistan is regarded was by the universal custom of never as little more than a chattel or ma- killing women or the boys who had '

chine. Is it surprising, then, to find not yet put on trousers."

that woman is considered only as a In a recent tour through the Marri means for increasing man's comforts and Bugti country, I saw many more or as an object for the gratification thousands of graves than I saw men.

of his animal passions? A wife must It was a standing witness to the con- not only carry water, prepare food, stant state of war which, until quite and attend to all ordinary household recently, was waged both among duties, but she must take flocks out to themselves and among surrounding graze, groom her husband's horse, tribes. If to-morrow the British and assist in cultivation of the land. government should withdraw from Among the tribes in Zhot a mar- this province, the tribes would doubt- ried woman must even provide means less return to the old condition of by her own labor, for clothing her- continual civil war. To-day, after self, her children, and her husband, twenty-five years of the gradual in- from whom she receives no assist- crease of law and order, there is here ance, monetary or otherwise. Among and there evident improvement in the Afghans and their neighbors polyg- condition of the people. The govern- amy is only limited by the purcha- ment has built a few dispensaries and sing power of man, and a wife is schools, and there are some 545 miles looked on as a better investment than of metalled roads. But the people cattle, for in a country where drought have not yet realized the need of any and scarcity are continually present, effort on their part, and instead of the risk of loss in animals is great, utilizing land and water for system- while the female offspring of a wom- atic cultivation, they seem content an wilL fetch a high price. to remain on the verge of starvation Woman's tutelage does not end as long as they can grow a little wheat with widowhood. In the household or millet with a small amount of la- of a deceased Afghan she is looked bor. Even wells for irrigation are on as an asset in the division of his neglected where water exists.

property. It is no uncommon thing Brahuis and Baluchis are largely to find a son willing to sell his own nomadic in their habits, and many .mother.* Pathans annually move from moun- * This is from Census Report and is from informa- t:lin to plain, or vice versa, accord- ing to the season of the year, for tion obtained by the government. I can testify to purposes of trade. its truth from experience.-A. D. D.

To sum up, I again quote from It is necessary to be on one·s government report: guard, and great care should be exer- cised in giving instruction. Afghans, When the British entered the country Baluchis, and Brahuis, are all exthey found a population which had been tremely ignorant about their religion, cut off from the outside world, and which especially the Brahuis. The worship Jived a nomadic existence among vast soli- of saints is one of the chief features tudes of nature and whose relaxations con- and superstition is a more appropriate sisted in continual internecine conflicts. term for the ordinary belief of the The natural result was a very backward people than the name of religion. Orstate of ·civilization and possessed charac- deal by fire still exists and only last teristics which differed materially from week I had an instance brought to those of its Indian neighbors. In twenty- my notice. I have seen native liquor five years this primitive condition has been in Baluchi villages, which I was told modified, but has not disappeared, and bar- was drunk by Baluchis. The use of b1rian prej udice and pugnacity are still "bhang" is also not uncommon. factors which have to be constantly reckoned with. There have been changes in the at- titude of Moslems toward Christian- Attitude of the Moslems Toward Chriatianity ity. In Quetta, where for ten or fif- teen years work· has been carried on, Many Brahuis and Baluchis among the wall of prejudice and superstithe mountains have never even heard tion is gradually being broken down. of such people as Christians; but But outside Quetta at present the atusually after we have been in the dis- titude of the people generally when trict a short time, some Mullah (who our mission is known is one of oppois nearly always a Pathan) explains sition. On several occasions Mullahs to the people that we are kafirs, and have told me that it was a pity these he warns the people to avoid us. days Christians could not be killed. Brahuis do not appear to be so bigoted, but the reason seems to be that The mission work centers in Quetthey are not so religiously minded as ta, which is the government center, eithe-r Pathans or Baluchis. Among with 20,000 popUlation and 60,000 to Pathans and Baluchis the times of 80,000 who pass through the city prayer. and the fast of Ramazan are yearly for purposes of trade. Here very generally observed, but I have there are two hospitals, one for men not found that the Brahui is so care- and one for women, a church, two ful in this respect. Fanatical out- schools, and zenana work. On the rages sometimes take place, more es- staff are two doctors, one clergyman, pecially among Pathans and Baluchis, one lady doctor, and two other lady but the number is often exaggerated. workers. In four years there have been thirteen such cases. TRRAA.VELING IN THE COUNTRY O011F' TIElE KURDS AMONG THE KURDS* .. BY THE AUTHOR OF "ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY" .

Our party of five, two ladies and a morning we learned that the enemy gentleman, with Mussulman cook and had come down and had been re- hostler and an Armenian woman, had pulsed. The victory had its draw- been waiting for ten days just out- backs, however, as two or three side the border of Eastern Turkey households were mourning the death trying to cross the boundary in order of sons.

to accomplish a horseback journey of How were we to cover the first three days. The passports had been day's journey of twenty-five miles duly vised by the Turkish consul in through a district terrorized by the the city of T–, butwe were obliged robber chief? Vlfie had sent three to send a man on foot thirrttyy–ffive messengers to him to ask for a safe miles and back to reach another con- conduct and for guides, but tho sul for a second vise; then the local money was freely promised, no one authorities of our adopted country had yet returned with an answer. We must inspect and countersign the determined to make a detour and documents. ask help of another Kurdish chief on The Kurds across the border were the Persian side of the border. This at war with the little city in which chief was at swords' points with the we were staying, and we were rudely men we had been trying to conciliate awakened one midnight by a brisk and one of his latest exploits had discharge of firearms not very far been to attack a wedding company away. The disturbance lasted only who were conveying a beautiful ten or fifteen minutes, and the next .young bride to his enemy, and to • See also Frroonnttiissppiiece. marry her to a member of his own happened to know quite well the vil- family. It was surmised that the lage from which those same sheep captured lady, like fair Ellen, was had been stolen a few weeks before. not averse to this Lord Lochinvar proceeding, but it naturally intensi- When we asked our hostess for fied the feeling of hatred between the guards for the next day, she said: clans. "You must heve at least eight guns" -each gun being accompanied, inci- As we rode into the country of dentally, by a horse and a man. the Kurds, over stony ground and through rocky defiles, the mountain As we approached our destination, region reminded us of Scotland, and one after another of our guards the people seemed like those wild dropped off, exhibiting real terror, men of the highlands centuries ago. .and saying, "vVe are on an enemy's We reached a small village dominated ground and dare' not go farther." by a great crag, on which was The last one pointed us to a distant perched an old castle where, like the village and said : "You must go on eagle in his aeries, the Kurdish chief from here alone; I commend you to sat, the very thought of him spread- God." ing terror through all the region round. On our return journey we sought the village of the same brigand from The chi'ef was absent from home, whom we had at first vainly asked an but his brother, after recelvmg a escort, but who now readily gave us present, undertook to conduct us by guards to the little city which we left wild mountain bridle paths to our a fortnight before. These men also first day's stopping place. The Kurds took us over high mountain paths galloped their trained horses up and and glittering expanses of deep snow, down the mountains, while ours fol- and beguiled our way by many anec- lowed more slowly over the break- dotes. They deplored the necessity neck, stony roads. Twenty-two times for so many acts of violence, but . that day we crossed the clear and said : "We are so poor; our fami- rushing mountain stream which, af- lies must live; much as we may hate ter winding through the 10Rg valleys, it, what can we do but rob and mur- widens out and waters the fertile der?" We, however, felt quite safe, plain below. as no Kurd would dare to do vio- lence to the guests committed to him At night we were the guests of a by his chief. Meeting two poor trav- Kurdish lady of rank, and two poets, elers on the road, we were thankful one from her tribe and one from that our presence insured safety for those who had guided us thither, riv- them. But after a little two of our aled each other in singing songs of escorts turned their horses' heads love and war for our entertainment. and went back to rob them, too po- As we were riding along that day lite to do so in our presence. they had complained bitterly to us of the poverty. and hardship of their Our guards had promised to take lot. "Only last week," they said, us as far as the town, but now they "eight wolves came among our sheep began to say that they could go no and killed a hundred of them." We farther, but would engage us guides from a nearby village. We were

AMONG THE KURDS

obliged to consent, and were COI'l- and Mohammed is his Prophet. You signed to two villainous looking men are co;nmitting the unpardonable sin who gave their word of honor to see in saying Jesus is the Son of God.

us over the remainder of the way. You can not escape eternal punish- Night was drawing on, and we had ment in this world or the next."

still far to go, tho our horses were vVhen he boasted of his many mur- very tired. The two men, being re- ders I said : "Your sword has made sponsible to no one for our safety, many widows and orphans, and who saw their opportunity. They became knows how soon the same fate may by turns taciturn, surly, and inso- fall on your own household?" He lent, and after a couple of hours re- replied scornfully, "Let is be so; I fused to go any farther, saying that care not."

as there was bad blood between their Yet the same man was not devoid village and the town, they could not of shame or human" feeling, for, hear- approach it. The usual present was ing the words of the Gospe! and be- offered them, but they rejected it and ing asked, "Are you ready to meet increased their demands until they the bridegroom when He comes," he had taken all the silver we possessed melted into tears and said : "No, I (about ten dollars), leaving us once, am not; I am perfectly wretched and and returning after some little time wish I were dead; I know I am a to make sure that they had taken all. captive in the hands of the devil."

It was a lonely road and had wit- To another he said: "What training nessed frequent murders. We were or chance have I had to be anything glad to escape with our loads and better? My first recollection is of our lives. In the dim twilight our my grandfather when I was very horses slowly picked their way down small, putting his dagger into my a deep, stairlike ravine. From the hands and saying, 'Go kill that man,'

neighing of horses, we knew that the pointing to one of our servants. The mounted Kurds were still hovering man rolled up his cloak and I stabbed near us. It was rather a bad quarter it with all the strength of my tiny of an hour, but God mercifully pre- hands, then ran back to receive the served us, and, after plodding on praise of the chief, while all in the through the dark night for two or room· shouted 'Bravo! Bravo!' The three hours, we came in safety to the Aga said: 'I wili kill the man that town. dares to teach the child his letters; I want my grandson to grow up a Most of the Kurds are Sunni Mus- warrior and not an effeminate scribe, sulmans, and as such carry the doc- poring over books.' " trine of predestination so far as practically to make God the author of sin. In spite of this, the man had taught One of their chiefs said to me: "I himself to read and was very proud acknowledge my crimes, but God of having learned to spell out some has willed them and I can not be Turkish. He could read a chapter in other than I am." "But," he add- ed, "all my sins will be forgiven, be- the Gospel according to Matthew tol- cause I believe there is but one God erably well.

A Kurdish Chief as a Guest I hardly know, but I heard of him from time to time as in a most While in a border town near Tur- wretched state. One of his servants key, a strange providence sent me as became very ill from typhoid fever, a guest a Kurdish chief and several and begged to go home, but died on servants from the neighborhood of his horse the first day out and was Van. The picture of this tall young buried under the snow by the wayman, his countenance deadly pale, in side. the uniform of an officer of the Hamidieh cavalry, is indelibly stamped When the young chieftain was alon my memory. He had ridden lowed to go about he came to see me many miles in the coldest of the win- repeatedly. Like myself, he was a ter season to consult the young Ar- stranger there, but he had the added menian doctor, n<i,wly arrived from discomfort of feeling himself among America. A local Turkish official enemies, anxious only to make a~ accompanied him to the physician much money out of him as they and was profuse in his compliments, cQuld; for the Kurd is loved about charging Dr. S – – to do all he could as much as the wolf, whom he is said to restore the chief's health. When to resemble. The home of the missafely out of sight and hearing, how- sionaries was the only place where ever, the official bent toward the Ar- he might hope to receive honest treatmenian doctor with' a malign look ment and disinterested kindness. and hissed into .his ear the words "Kill him 1" The young Kurd was The six weeks passed, the quack ready to do anything and pay any- doctor pronounced him cured, and thing if he could only have a guar- one morning he came in to say goodantee of being cured. by. It was very cold and the snow was deep on the precipitous mountain Dr. S– was unable to give this path. On my asking if he would promise, but hoped he could help start in this severe weather, he rehim, with time and patience. A lib- plied : "We are not like these soft eral sum was paid, but some one men of the town who must wait for whispered to the young man: "This spring before they travel. We Kurds Armenian will poison you in revenge mount and ride whenever we please, for the massacre of his people at and ask not whether it be cold or Van." He asked tT1at his money be hot." In an hour the little band were returned, and put himself' in the up and away iike a storm wind blowhands of a quack Mussuh:nan doctor, ing over the high crest of the Kurdwho gave her word (for a very large ish mountains. fee) to make him a well man in six weeks. But there was another chief who mounted and rode on a different er- Those who knew better than she rand. While away from home he considered the case to be one of lep- heard that a massacre of the Arrosy and practically hopeless, but menians had been ordered, which his she took him to her own house and people were expected to carry out. subjected him to a very severe regi- Springing on his horse, he rode night men, keeping him almost a prisoner. and day to forbid his tribe taking What he suffered in mind and body part in those deeds of rapine and

THE KURDS

blood, and reached them in time to these wild mountain Kurds to remain prevent it. This man has a Bible in ignorance of the Gospel of Christ, and reads it. and for many centuries no man has cared for their souls. I know another Kurd who is learn- ing the difficult Syriac language sim- Their general idea of a Christian ply to be able to read the Bible in that tongue, the little he has heard TIMON AGGAA—A KURDISH OFFICER has stirred his heart so deeply. seems to be a person from whom Still another has said: HI know the they may obtain opium and brandy. Lord Jesus Christ is the Savior of During -Qur journey in Turkey they the world,and there is no hope but repeatedly asked us for these comin Him.. His Kingdom is the King- modities. It is a great reproach to dom of love, and by the power of the nominal Christians of the East love He is to conquer the whole that the wine makers and wine sellers earth. Let the Kurds, too, have a are almost invariably found among place in His army, even tho it be the their ranks. last and lowest." In a certain city where a Protes- A young man who had been tant service was held, a Kurd had forced to flee from home on account been invited to be present; not knowof his religious views, once told me ing the. location of the church, on this story: "A kid of the wild moun- Sunday he saw an Armenian going tain goats left its pasture and its through the streets and followed him. companions to attach itself to a shep- After awhile the man turned and herd, whom it followed about like a asked him to his house to buy dog wherever he went; or if he sat brandy. The Kurd replied: "May down it rested beside him. He, in your neck be broken; I came after return,, loved the little creature ten- you expecting to be led to the house derly and would often carry it in his of God and you ask me to go and get arms and share with it his own por- drunnkk.."" tion of food. He was asked, 'Why do you show such special favor to The whole world has heard the this animal who is but a stranger and complaint of the Armenians against of another flock?' He replied: 'Because it is not of my own sheep by nature and has forsaken its kindred and home for love of me; therefore it is dearer to me than those who have never known another fold than mine.' " He added: HI think the good Shepherd must have a special feeling for such a one as I, who am not by birth one of His own, but have yet been chosen by His grace and drawn to abandon my kindred and home for the love I bear Him."

The Christian Church has permitted

the Kurds. Their wrongs have in- The immediate pressing need is to deed been terrible and inexcusable, give these people the Bible in their but if one were to take a brief for the own language. A small beginning other side some facts might be has been made by the British and brought out to mitigate the severity Foreign Bible Society, which last of the sentence passed upon them. I year printed five thousand copies of have myself stood in the house of the the four Gospels, translated by Dr.

Kurdish chief, which was attacked in St. Clair-Tisdall. Let the Book go his absence by a band or revolution- among them, accompanied and fol- ists; his wife hoped to purchase safe- lowed by the prayers of God's peo- ty by the surrender of her jewels and ple that the Holy Spirit may make it was promised if she gave them up effectual in regenerating this race.

she should be spared. As she re- We seem to stand as before a great turned, bringing them in her hands, iron door, locked and doubly bolted, she was shot down. Other women like the gate of Peter's prison, but of the tribe were horribly mutilated, we believe that if Christian love lays and it was no great surprise that our even a trembling hand upon it, it will guards said to our Armenian woman, swing open, and we shall find be- having learned her nationality; "It is hind it brother and sister hearts, our a good thing you are with the Fran- own kindred, tho' wearing a dif- gis (foreigner); your life would .not ferent dress and speaking a different be worth much otherwise." language; hearts beating with fear Christendom has neglected these peo- and apprehension of impending ple, but they are not to be ignored, doom, and ready to be won by sym- as the Armenian massacres have pathy and self-sacrifice.

abundantly shown. There are two Sometimes in my dreams I see a sounds which I wish might echo' vision of One clad in Kurdish dress, round the world, till they should walking up and down those moun- awaken pity in the hearts of the pro- tains 'and watching to see if anyone fessed followers of Jesus. I wish will come to try the closed door. It Christians could hear the shrill cries is He who of old put on Macedonian of the Kurdish women, urging their garb and beckoned from heathen men to plunder and kill the hapless Europe to Paul, "Come over and Armenians, mingled with the lamen- help us." It is the Son of Man, the tations of unfortunate women and Head of a new race, who has idengirls being dragged into captivity. I tified Himself with every people unwish they could hear also the sound der heaven, and is now gathering of the cannon by which were exe- out from them His own elect. It is cuted last year four Kurdish chiefs the vision which the prophet saw in who had become such a menace to the temple "in the year that King society they could no longer be suf- Uzziah died," repeated on the borderfered to exist. These were men who line of Eastern Turkey, and the same might say of the good news of sal- voice speaks again, saying: "Whom vation: "We never heard it; no one ever told us of these things." shall I send and who will go for us?"

IDEAL

BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF* "Ideals are the world's masters": us a glimpse of some of the open they inspire the real. Their perfec- secrets of His supreme excellence as tion only enhances their value; for, an evangelist, and He was our ex- as we never fully attain, they always ample, that we should follow His present something to follow after; oth- steps. In all these respects He was erwise like Thorwaldsen, the sculp- imitable. tor, when, for once he reached his ideal, we should, in our very suc- Let us begin with His mission- cess, fail, and henceforth do noth- the deep convidion and conscious~ ing. Ideals supply inspiration by ness which never left Him, that to feeding aspiration: we need never this end He was born and came into hesitate, therefore, to set before us the world that He should bear wita goal we .shall not fully reach. ness to the truth, and particularly the truth about God, and man's recon- Evangelism literally means preach- ciliation to the Father in Himself. ing the Gospel. It has come to have This dominant thought was also the .a narrower application, carrying the controlling aim from which nothing good news to the ignorant and in- diverted Him. It was His star of different, and especially doing it with destiny, and with His eye on it, His zeal for human salvation. hand held the helm of His earthly life. Our Lord was the ideal evangelist. If we combine the various Yet it is very noticeable how, Scripture statements which throw even with such consciousness of an light upon this aspect of His char- elect mission, He made no undue acter we should get somewhat this haste to enter upon it. For thirty res'ult: years He was content to be compar- atively in silence and obscurity. Jesus came preaching the Gospel of God, Those years at Nazareth have so and saying, Repent ye and believe the Gos- brief a record that it is all covered pel. And the common people heard Him by less than three hundred words, gladly. yet the time they include is nine- tenths of His whole stay on earth. And they sought Him and stayed Him His birth and baptism mark two disthat He should not depart from them. And tinct stages in His career. He had He said unto them, Let us go into the next His commission from the first, but towns and cities: I must preach there also, He waited for His full equipment, for therefore am I sent and therefore came forever emphasizing for us the need I forth. And He went about all the cities of not only an appointing but an and villages, teaching them in their syna- anointing. gogs, and preaching the Gospel of the Kingdom. And when He saw the multi- A true evangelism needs both call tudes He was moved with compassion on and qualification. them because they fainted and were scattered abroad as sheep having no shepherd. There is no little confusion as to (Compare Matt. ix, 35-36; Mark i, 14-15, 38-39; Luke iv, 43-44.) These words serve at least to give • This article is the substance also of the opening address at the Believers' Conference, East North:(jeld, Mass., Friday evening, August 3, I9Q6.

what constitutes a call, partly due to binding it in splints. One's pred~s­ confounding two dispensations. The tined work and sphere may often be phrase, "Called of God," is bor- found by the study of self, of life's rowed from a sentence which refers opportunities and of God's provi- to the unique dignity of high priest- dences. When a hole and a peg mu- hood: "No man taketh unto himself tually fit, the presumption is they Jhis honor but he that is called of were meant to go together. But in God, as was Aaron'" (Heb. v: 4), and settling all life questions haste is has no reference to the work of waste. George Muller wisely urged preaching. True, the work of an others to find out what is God's evangelist is among the gifts dis- work, and God's work for them; tributed by the Holy Spirit, who di- but even then to wait to learn both vides to every man, severally, as He His way and His time for doing it. will. But the same divine distribu- tion is affirmed of what we call The injunction to tarry until en- secular. The same God distributes dued with power from on high has to every one the sphere of master permanent emphasis. Every called or servant, husband or wife, and "as man still needs that enduement which the Lord hath called every man so is . his true equipment. While some let him walk, abiding with God in are contending over the theoretical that calling wherein he is found." ques~ion whether it is proper to pray (Compare I Cor. vii: 17-24, and xii: 7- for the baptism of the Spirit after 11.) He who called Moses to be His Pentecost, others are practically ask- apostle, and Aaron His high priest, ing and receiving a new blessing, call , equally called Bezaleel and Aholiab it what you will, that is unprece- to be workers in wood and metal dented and marks an era. and fabrics, and for this work filled them with the Spirit of God (Exod. What makes one so mighty to do xxxv: 30-35). Whether, therefore, one the work of an evangelist as first to is called to make sermons or make feel it laid on him as a duty, and shoes, to build a barn or build up then doubly laid on .him by strange a church, to be a bishop or a boot- unctiQn from on high? A burden of black, he is to abide in his calling souls, and then a burden of a full with God. All believers are in Christ heart, out of which flow rivers of' Jes,uscreated unto good works which living wa~er! Cod hath before ordained that we should walk in them (Eph. I I : 10). Our Lord had a message, distinct and definite, and both its spirit and How are we. to determine our its substance, its matter and manner, "call"? Largely by conscious draw- deserve study. ing and fitness. The true reading of Proverbs xxii: 6 is, "Train up a child His message was comprehensively according to his way"-his bent witness to the truth, and the most -"for even when he is old he will noticeable thing about it was His un- not turn from it." The Arabs quaint- shakable conviction that all He said ly 'defy you to get the crook out of was the very truth of God. Never a dog's tail by bathing it in oil and was there heard from His lips one whisper of doubt or uncertainty. He spake as one who believes and knows, and the roc~ beneath His feet was

IDEAL EVANGELIST

the Scripture which can not be broken to Him they were simply openings to even by changing one jot or tittle. 'Iet in light. Where can any -of His similes be found that a child can Dr. Deems used to say: "Believe not understand? Who does not your beliefs, and doubt your doubts; know what a sheep and shepherd do not make the blunder of doubting mean? bread and water, seed and your beliefs and believing your crop, net and fish, sight and blinddoubts." He who does not heartily ness? believe his own message can not expect his hearers to believe it. If he Our Lord's motive, in all His work, has doubts let him hold his tongue was sublimely simple and single. till he gets rid of them. Men need Motive is what moves; and His sale convictions: they have doubts enough impelling purpose was the glory of already without our scattering the God and the salvation of men. Of seed of more. Oh, for more of the His own glory or saving Himself He preaching that is like the judge's never thought, much less sought it. charge to the jury when the evi- Never was such self-oblivion. He so dence is all in, and is conclusive, and gave Himself up to the Father for the Cllse is closed in court and there man's salvation that Peter's counsel, is no more room for discussion, and "Spare Thyself," He deemed essenit can not be reopened! And above tially satanic, and in His answering all, when such finality is born of maxim, "Deny thyself," He expresses personal tests, is experimental; when His own principle. To Him the cross one can say, "I know whom I have was not the wooden one under which believed. Whereas I was blind He sank on the way to Golgotha, but now I see." Mark gives as the sub- the invisible cross of self-renunciation, stance of our Lord's message, "Re- under which He never fainted. pent ye and believe the Gospel." How sublimely simple! In other words, We can not even think of Him as change your mind and receive the swayed by any mercenary motive. good news. Repentance is the nega- Not only evangelism, but any other tive side of believing, and believing noble work is tainted by the touch the positive side of repenting-one is of greed. Let the poet, artist, mulaying aside; the other, laying hold- sician stop to reckon how much his essentially one act-dropping what is work will bring in the market, and he in hand to take hold of something degrades his high calling-the poem, else. the picture, the oratorio sink to the level of labor that is agreed for at His message was always simple. a penny a day. The inspiration of The common people heard him glad- genius is displaced by the low lust ly, for he was "understanded of com- of gain. The Lord has indeed or~ mon folk." And He kept His sim- dained that they who preach the Gosplicity where so often we lose ours- pe! shall live of the Gospel; but the in parables and illustrations. To us high calling of evangelism is hopethey are often the Corinthian col- lessly tainted whenever the pay in umns or Gothic stained windows to any measure bceomes the motive. adorn discourse and display learning; Our Lord never even sought out-

ward success. In vain was spread we must go down to their level and for Him the net of numbers. That strip ourselves of the niceties of deadly snare of counting converts He fashion; a kid glove is a nonnever risked. From the whole New conductor. Testament record but two numeral . When tempted to consult fastidstatements can be culled as the basis ious tastes let us think of Him whose of a conjecture as t6 His success. divinely sensitive soul must have "The number of names together were shrunk with horror from even the about an hundred and twenty"; "He sight of sin. Something infinitely was seen of" above five hundred worse than the "poor smell" must brethren at· once" (Acts i:1 5, 1. Cor. have assaulted His sensibilities, who xv: 6). On the other hand, "He must had never been made callous by conneeds go through Samaria," to meet tact with even the thought of evil. ·one outcast woman at the weIl, and Yet watch Him even touching the go from the Galilean Lake to the loathsome leper, sitting at meat with Mediterranean coasts, to help one ac- outcasts, feeding by the thousand the cursed Canaanite whom at first He Syrian poor, whom to-day the travseemed to scorn even to answer. eler meets, glad that they have so Once he discoursed of numbers, but little clothing, as there are less hidingonly to reveal how important in His places for vermin! Yet He was not eyes was one little child, one stray too refined to mingle with the un- Iamb, one erring brother; what washed throng that needed a savior power in prayer can be wielded by arid shepherd. two agreeing suppliants; what promise of His presence may be pleaded Our Lord's method of doing all by two or three gathered together in His work is another of His open se- His name. What a rebuke to the crets. passion for numbers! Surely Philip, the evangelist, must have learned of First of all, mark His prayer-not Him when he cheerfully left villages an act, however frequent, but an atthronged with inquirers for a desert mosphere, constant, in which He road with a solitary traveler. lived, moved, and had being. At every great CriSIS, not only the Our Lord was moved by that rare Desert Temptation and Gethsempassion for humanity. He loved man ane's agony, but when about to as man. The class spirit is akin to .choose the twelve, and when popular the caste spirit, and by as much as enthusiasm would have made Him it draws some drives away others. king, whole hours, whole nights There are some who can work with spent with God, spreading out His the refined and cultivated who, like spirit, as Gideon did his fleece, to Mary Cowden Clarke's heroine in drink in the heavenly dew~felIow­ "The Iron Cousin," "can not stand ship with the Father so guarded as the poor smell." But the few are to make prayer always natural. Befound at the top of the social pyra- cause He could say, "I do always mid, while it is at the broad bottom those things which please Him," He that the many lie, and to reach them could also say, "I know that Thou hearest me always."

Such prayer voiced habitual de- there were deeper reasons. He would pendence. The Kenosis (the self- not be dependent even on the testi- emptying) meant laying aside as son mony of those he healed. He was so of man and servant of God all in- averse to sounding a trumpet before dependence or self-dependence as Himself that He not only would not part of His voluntary humiliation; blow one Himself, but would not let choosing to hang absolutely on the anybody else. He knew how even Father for all His plans, works, a grateful heart runs to excess in words and thoughts, so that He con- witnessing, so often magnifying the sented to know or not to know, do instrument as to interfere with glorior not to do, speak or not to speak fying God. Mere human witness, exactly as the Father willed. however well meant, would be often ill-advised. Many whom He healed Mark also His attitude as to wit- were ignorant of His real character, ness borne to Himself. The demons, and could not, therefore, safely yield constrained to testify to Him as the Him homage. Son of God, He silenced, not because their testimony was not true, But, more than this, He wished His but because He would not in any 'works themselves to be his witness, measure be dependent on the witness for they were the Father's works of the enemies of God and man. (John x: 25). His miracles were Testimony implies cooperation if sufficiently vocal. When the blind not alliance, and demons had no received sight, the lame walked, the sympathy with Him, but eternal an- lepers were cleansed, and even the tipathy, and confession of His son- dead were raised to life, such works ship was a forced confession and He could not be hid. These witnesses suffered them not to speak. would not run riot in excess of per- sonal tribute, but men beholding would More strange, at first sight, is His glorify God. If we work the works charging those whom He healed to of God we may safely forego all selftell no man. We count the testi- announcement or self-advertisement. mony of converts not only lawful Even if those we help and heal but necessary-it is the best adver- should say nothing, the fame of such tisement for future fields of work. works will spread abroad; for if we But He, the ideal evangelist, seldom can only get the waters of the pool permitted those 'He helped and healed stirred by -the angel of God and to give testimony except officially to charged with healing virtue, the the priests or domestically to their porches of Bethesda will be thronged. own kindred. He oftener said, "See Men can not be kept away or driven that no man know it." away from fountains of blessing. Our whole need is to be full of power Why was this? Not simply to by the Spirit of the Lord. Then only avoid the publicity which only in- wiII we approach ideal evangelism. creased the throng that left Him scarce leisure so much as to eat. No,

RECONSTRUCTION WITHOUT REVOLUTION IN

llY ROBERT E. LEWIS Secretary of the Shanghai Y. M. C. A.

China has entered the reconstruc- monarchs of four hundred millions of tion period in earnest. vVith a "slap people. The Government must free dash" quite non-Oriental the Central itself from the harem before recon- Government began to amputate itself. struction can hope to be permanent. The Board of Rites, having charge of the ancient system of learning and Among all the uncertainties of a letters, has been lopped off, and a spectacular Oriental rule the rise and modern Department of Education has fall of officials is of fascinating interbeen grafted on. The Board of Pun- est. The spectator sees not the price ishments is not to torture any more- that is paid, the hatreds that are at the Department of Justice has sup- work, nor the reasons for the rise of planted it-and Mr. !Tu Ting-fang some able and a few good men who is recodifying the statutes. The rule without fattening. Sheng Kung- Shangpu is the name of the new De- pao,. head of all Celestial railways past, present, anel future, has fallen. partment of Commerce, which IS in Fallen half way and hangs suspended by his pockets, we might say. He touch with the great commercial cen- says he wants to fall clear down, and ters through semi-official Chambers of has wanted to for a long time, but Commerce, recently organized. The those who have gripped him believe Hupu, or Board of Revenue (Treas- it is not so. He has been a multiury) has received a shaking up. N ew- treaty negotiator, a guardian of this, ly created constabulary, trained by that or some other Heir-Apparent, a Japanese, are taking possession of the builder of great city blocks, which he Capital. is said to own, and a slight giver to charity. He is a small, rotund, quiet, There have been feeble attempts at clear-eyed man of fifty years, with a new currency regulations, but what is cancer or two, and very shy of "forneeded is a thoroughgoing, honest, eign" doctors and their kit of tools. uniform, single-standard currency, on the lines proposed by Prof. Jeremiah In the place of the great Li Hung- Jenks, toward providing which noth- ~hang, Liu Kung-yi, and Chang ing has yet been done. Chih-tung (who is getting too old for effectiveness) there has arisen a The Ruling House has seen fit to greater than they. Viceroy Yuan issue emphatic testimonials to the ef- Shih-kai, of Chihli, honorary member fect that Manchus are not loftier than of the Council of State, Commander- Chinese, that they may intermarry (if in-Chief of the Modern Army, founany Chinese care to), and that Chi- der of the new educational system, nese are not longer to be checkmated chief lance against Baron Komura, by Manchu coofficials in the highest and confidant of the Dowager Empositions of trust. press, is the mightiest man among all the millions. He will not turn Dic- But as yet their Majesties have tator, tho it may be possible. In taken no steps to separate the harem him, and the educated, capable men from the affairs of state, and so long as bedchamber-rule continues, so long will intrigue and graft be the dual he gathers about himself, is the one tending this rather violent obedience great hope of the Reconstrtlction Era to Viceroy Tsen's orders. The peasin China. ants are bewildered, and there may be occasional outbreaks, like the massacre Yuan Shih-kai has placed in posi- at Lienchou, but New China is detions of power men of his own mind. lighted with the new order, and re- Tong Shao-yi, now head of the For- construction goes on by leaps and eign Office, assisted by Chu Pao-fay, bounds. It will take years and patience are men of great possibilities. Mr. and_ men to move safely this mighty Tong was educated in England, and mass, and here will come the rub. Mr. Chu at Yale, twenty years ago, and, with Viceroy Yuan, recently en- The Rise of National Consciousness tered the lists against Baron Komura's men. Mr. Tong was the Chinese But by far the greatest movement Commissioner whose work at Calcutta of recent times has yet to be noted. last year brought about the restate- Greater by far in its effect on the fument of Tibetan relationships more ture of China, than the overturn of to the satisfaction of China. mandarins, or even the making of treaties, has been the rise of national Another "coming man" is Lord consciousness. The political scientists King-East, late Chinese Minister at find in the governmental entity known Seoul, whose English education and as China a really remarkable blend of sound judgment are now required at democracy and absolutism; but up to Peking. Viceroys Chou Ehr-sin, of I905 the people had seemed to have Manchuria, and Tsen, of Canton, are little political unity. Patriotism was also extraordinary men. said, by the local "foreign" editors, to be an unknown quantity. And most The Educational Advance of the world agreed. But what do we now see? Stirred by a national in- The most remarkable advance of sult, the country resists as a unit the the year has, however, been in educa- infliction of another exclusion treaty. tion. Viceroy Yuan at the North has Power of action was developed benow three thousand modern schools tween commercial, educational and and several colleges in that one prov- political bodies all over thina, and ince. Viceroy Chou' Fu, of Kiangsu, 110t a dissenting voice was heard even has started over one thousand, and among those Chinese who were likely Nanking is fast becoming a college to suffer financially by the boycott. center. The great Examination Hall with its thirty thousand stalls is now The Chinese found during the being demolished, and, among other Boxer and Manchurian struggles that mstitutions, a normal college provi- railways, controlled by European' capding for nine hundred men is already ital, were, a strategic menace to their in operation. national independence. And now, with one voice, the people, not the In South China temples are disman- press only, have demanded that wholetled by the score, the idols having been sale concessions be stopped or be broken into bits or rolled over into the brought back. This is why they paid canals by official order, and now the three times what it was worth to get houses of the gods are turned into schools. Great unrest seems to be at-

775522 TTHHEE MMIISSSSIIOONNAARRYY RREEVVIIEEWW 0011'' TTHHEE WWOORRLLDD [[OOccttoobbeerr

ccoonnttrrooll ooff tthhee AAmmeerriiccaann lliinnee ooff 660000 ffaaccttss ((II)) tthhaatt mmoorree hhaavvee bbeeeenn bbaapp– pprroossppeeccttiivvee mmiilleess,, aanndd wwhhyy tthheeyy hhaavvee tt,,iizzeedd iinnttoo tthhee 0011UUrrcchh iinn tthhee llaasstt ffiivvee bblloocckkeedd tthhee GGeerrmmaannss,, aanndd ggeenneerraallllyy yyeeaarrss tthhaann iinn tthhee ffiirrsstt eeiigghhttyy ooff PPrroott– aarree iinnssiissttiinngg uuppoonn tteerrmmss bbeetttteerr ttoo eessttaanntt wwoorrkk iinn CChhiinnaa;; (2) tthhaatt CChhrriiss– tthheemmsseellvveess.. AAnndd nnooww CChhiinneessee ssyynnddii– ttiiaann ccoolllleeggeess,, nnoorrtthh,, cceennttrraall aanndd ssoouutthh,, ccaatteess aarree bbeeiinngg ffoorrmmeedd iinn KKiiaannggssii,, aarree ccrroowwddeedd wwiitthh tthhee ssoonnss oofftthhee uupp– AAnhui, HHunan, CChekiang, KKuangtung perr classes;; ((3) tthat severall educatedd and Szechuen provinces to build their Christians of good stanGaiinng have been own railways. They are spurred on called into positions of influence under no doubt by the excellent, dividend- the Confucian government, and (4) earning record of the Tientsin lin~, that some of the greatest offices of the which the past year paid the interest realm are coming into the hands of and some of the principal on its bonds, men who have been trained in Chris- defrayed all expenses, appropriated a tian institutions. large amount to extend the line to Mongolia, presented half a million dol- The most prominent landmark of lars to the privy purse of the Dow- the past year was the war in the an- ager, and is said to have distributed cestral home of her Ruling House. The $100,000 as a bonus to officers and most notable feature of China·s diplo- employees. macy, tho few seem to grasp the great difficulty of its achievement, was The latest shibboleth is a Constitu- the maintainance of the !'stand pat" tion for China. Can China trust her- policy. The blunderbuss idea of her self with representative assemblies, numerous fossilized mandarins, as well and with suffrage? Not with univer- as of the leaders of New China, had sal suffrage. But she has dispatched to be held in check while great armies the young Duke Tsai Tsih and the and navies strove upon their territory, reformer, Viceroy Tuan Fang, with if not for it. The fall of Port Arthur, about one hundred associates and at- the battles of Sha Ho, Mukden, and taches, to journey abroad, to come the sea of Japan all came in 1905, and' back, and to formulate a policy for a cost China only minor loss in rev- ,constitutional administration which is enues, damaged crops, and despoiled to be put in operation in 1910. The houses in two provinces. The greatest composition of this embassy is re- exhibition of altruism among nations markable if for no other reason than since the evacuation of Cuba has been because of the number of highly edu- the handing back of conquered Mancated young Chinese who are at- churia to the non-combatant spectator, tached to it for the purpose of assist- with only minor, time-limit reservaing the commissioners to assimilate tions. knowledge. The Peking negotiations were a Progresa of Chrilltian Civilization more crucial test than those at Ports- mouth. The latter, even if postponed, Since the Boxer uprising, when were bound to result in the ultimate thousands were killed, there has been subsidence of Russia in the Far East, such a change of ppopular opinion that but the former held much darker ppos- CChhrriissttiiaanniittyy iiss bbeeccoommiinngg ppooppuullaarr iinn ssiibbiilliittiieess.. TThhaatt CChhiinnaa sshhoouulldd hhaavvee mmaannyy ppllaacceess.. TThhiiss iiss sshhoowwnn ffrroomm tthhee ccoonndduucctteedd hheerr ppaarrtt ooff tthhee nneeggoottiiaattiioonnss

JOSEFA: A KONGOLESE CRIPPLE

with absolute secrecy is unprecedented that he would try for too much and in Celestial affairs, and that she has embroil thereby still greater interests. lost only those points in the game which are likely to contribute to her The Chinese people in general are strengthening is a subject for general extremely friendly to foreigners at congratulation among those who' be- the present time. The local disturblieve in each Yellow man shouldering ances have had local causes. But one his own burden. Baron Komura had thing must be remembered in judging no such easy task nor was he backed of future conditions-China and her by a city full of gendarmes, as was people ca~ not longer be treated mere- ' Marquis Ito in Seoul. They were Iy as a field for foreign exploitation; dealing with entirely different ques- she must be treated with the courtesy tions and in a different way. Both and consideration usually shown in were successful, but the whole Far dealing with independent countries, East breathes easier that the Baron when occasion demands, with firmdid not try to be too successful. It ness, and always with fairness. Unwas within the range of possibility fortunately, our past record is not spelled out in these terms.

JOSEFA: A KONGOLESE CRIPPLE BY EDWIN A. LAYTON, M.D. Missionary of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society About ten years ago, when the buildings. Confined in one of these Foreign Christian Missionary Society buildings was a helpless and hopeless sought to gain a foothold in the Kongolese cripple, whG was found Kongo Independent State, the band to be the most important factor in of pioneers took as a base of op- the Church that was to be. erations a station situated at the point where the Kongo crosses the The black. boy, J osefa, _was born equator, a thousand miles from its soon after the light of discovery had mouth. This station was to give the penetrated Darkest Africa. He was light and life to the· ten million souls a slave. The Ethiopians were ever who spoke that dialect, who "sat in enslaved or enslaving. The slavethe region and shadow of death." trade was the "open sore of the There had been a Christian church world" and slavery, in some form, about the time of the Rubber Wars, is still the "heart disease of Africa." but, as may happen in the climate of In one of the ways, common enough Kongoland, forces and fruits alike in such a land, this boy came to the were scattered and no work had Bankundu, a slave among a strange been done for a year or two. The tribe and tongue. Here he was Society accepted a station that was found by an English missionary, and about to be abandoned by aIiother was given his freedom. He heard society, and it was found. to consist, the Good News, and became a Chrisapparently, of a plot of ground in tian, receiving as his new name the Great Forest and a few thatched "Josefa" or "Joseph." During the following years he was sorely tried

BOLh.NGI HEATHEN. WEST AFRICA, CUTTING UP A H1PPOPOI'.-MUS 1i1n1 the fires o'Of affliction. A dreadful a missionary. There he was imprisdisease attacked his flesh and bones. oned for years in his little roaaom, UuIn1– .. The muscles contracted because of able t'O move or to be moved, having the excruciating pain that he suf- oanily a limited moation in his left forefered and the diseased bone broke arm and foaot. His head rested upoan under the strain. His body was his knee, and his toangue was parcovered with foul ulcers and the tially paralyzed. J osefa certainly resulting scars and defoarmity left was not the type of missionary man him with distoarted face and form and would chooase. But God may with a body beyond repair. During "choose the weak things of the woarld his physical suffering his spiritual to confound the mighty." In the teacher was taken away, 'and his early days of the mission he was dark-skinned brothers whoa had em- overlooked and neglected except by braced the faith either succumbed toa the medical missioanary whoa ministhe sleeping sickness or reverted to tered to him. But being a light, Joheathenism. Amoang thoase people, sefa must shine. His manner of life attracted 'attentioan, The Kongolese Josefa could well say, "I, ounly I, am are indoalent and illiterate; Josefa was industrious ,'and learned to rearl left." The Spirit alone was his Com- and to write. The Kongoalese are forter. Yet he did not desire to die. thieves and liars; J osefa was honest Through it all his faith remained and truthful. The Kongolese are firm, and he endured with fortitude. profligate and poor and inveterate Josefa had a mission. . At first sight he seemed a strange type of

r9Q6J JOSEFA: A KONGOLESE CRIPPLE

beggars; Josefa was pure and earned "words of God:' People from the his own living without even asking villages came to sit in his doorway a favor. He cooked his own food and to hear his words. He was and paid for necessary attentions. feeble and slow of speech, yet the He weaved fish-nets with his left people seemed to understand his hand, holding the cords between his teeth and his toes. These nets he BUNKUNDU CHRI.sTIA:oJ TK… CHFRC; sold, or loaned them to some fisherman who would divide the catch. Those seated are teachers and preaacchheer[ro8l, while the others Holding a piece of hoop-iron between in the background are baptized Christians his toes, Josefa filed out a saw with which, and a sharpened screw-driver message better than that of the forand a hammer, he made deck chairs, eigner. In about a year there were benches and chicken-coops. True to signs of a great awakening. "Jo~ the negro instinct, he kept fowls and sefa's meeting" had so grown in had chicken amI eggs to sell. His numbers and in interest, that it was cabin was the only place where brass thought best to hold it in the meetrods-which served for coin-could ing-house. But could J osefa go, and' be- stored with safety; he thus did a how could the meetings be held profitable banking business among without him? Vith his characterishis neighbors. tic courage, Josefa himself thought he might be carried in a dcleeck chair! Under these circumstances, J osefa Not without considerable pain, he found opportunity to do missionary was carried to and fro by his friends, work. As is so often the· case, the first in 'a chair and then in a ham- "heathen" were found at his very mock, suspended from a bamboo daor. Occupying the other berths pole. It was surprising but gratifyof the rude dormitory were thirty ing to find that his health improved boys who attended the mISSIOn with this change and exercise. He school or were engaged in workshop and field. In the evenings, sitting around their campfires in the dooryard, preparing the simple and single meal of the day, they would rehearse all that the foreign missionary had said and done. Thus the mind of Josefa, the stay-at-home, was kept informed. Afterward, he would call them around his doorway fora little meeting and there exhorted and prayed as a Christian. They sang the songs learned at the chapel and offered their first prayer to "Fara a Ie 1/0' cola" (Our Father who art in heaven). The meeting was known as ,ONsambcla co Josefa" and the leatlct _was said to speak the

apparently took little part in these and near to preach the Good News. meetings, but his presence was con- ]osefa, more than any other human sidered essential. Night after night agent, was responsible for all this the house was packed and the in- work. It was a demonstration of terest became intense. They came the "power of God." by hundreds f!'Om distant villages. The people were forsaking the witch- ]osefa still lives and even goes, doctors, their fetiches and supersti- in his hammock, to preach to the tions. They were crying out: "What villages beyond the swamps. At one must we do to be saved?" There time this would have seemed imwere those who had "brought forth possible, but his prayer and faith fruits worthy of repentance." One have been rewarded. No doubt the day ]osefa wrote me a note, saying: fact that he wound a cloth about his "Bonsembe, below are the names of body in order to hide his deformity, twenty persons who want to be in- has protected him against the bite of structed in the way of the Lord more the tsetse fiy and thus he has avoidperfectly and, when you see fit, to ed the sleeping sickness. He lives where "Darkness covers the earth SCENE AA..TT 'l'HE BA.PPll'ISM OF FIVE BUNKUNnu CHRISTIA.NS IN WEST AFRICA.

be baptized." This was the begin- and gross darkness the people" more – ning of the "Inquirers' Class" which densely, perhaps, than anywhere else to-day, but yet, as the fruit of the rapidly grew to number nearly a life and labors of this cripple, hundred. Most of the members within the following year were ad- "The people which sat in darkness mitted to the church. The revival Saw a great light, was genuine and abiding, for during And to them which sat in the region and the following years those early con- verts remained faithful, going far shadow of death To them did light spring up."

HUNDRED YEARS OF MISSIONARY

THE MISSION WORLD IN 1806 AND 1906 BY REV. D. L. LEONARD, D.O. Author of 11 One Hundred Years of Missions"

n an intelligent friend of Christian midst of their memorable tour of ex- missions had surveyed the world, at ploration. To this generation such home and abroad, during the first dec- events seem to belong to ancient his- ade of the nineteenth century, what tory. Other countries, of which facts relating to the world's evangeli- something was known, like Korea, zation would have met his gaze! Japan, and colossal China, were ef- What tokens of good would have fectually shut and barred against the been visible! The vast Pacific entrance of all Europeans. To cross area, covering more than one- their borders was to be, at least, ex- half of the earth's surface, had pelled without ceremony, if not to suf- but recently been brought to the fer death-a situation, too, which was knowledge of civilized men. This area to last for yet a half century. All Mosincluded a continent, and countless is- lem countries also were inaccessible to lands some of which are almost of the Gospel, including southeastern continental proportions. Of a second Europe, northern Africa and all Bible continent, the second largest of the lands, Christianity's most ruthless and six, the vast interior was wholly un- determined foe having been in full known, and its explorers were yet un- possession for more than a thousand born. From the west coast of Africa, years. Moreover, despotism in both Mungo Park had reached the upper church and state knew no toleration Niger in 1795, and, penetrating to the for a' Protestant Gospel in Russia, same region again, had lost his life Austria, Italy, Spain, or Portugal, or in r806. In the same year Great Brit- in the colonies of the New W orId, exain gained her first important African tending from the northern boundary possession by ousting the Dutch from of Mexico to Cape Horn. And, fitheir dominion in Cape Colony. As nally, the British East India Company for North America, it contained only a would exclude the heralds of the Cross narrow fringe of settlements upon the from its extensive and populous poseastern border, with three infant com- sessions in southern Asia. What slight monwealths just over the Appalachi- encouragement, therefore, was there, ans to the west (Ohio attaining to a hundred years ago, to undertake the statehood in 1803), while the entire world's evangelization! Was it then population of the Union was less than faith or folly that prompted Mills' afthat of either New York or Pennsyl- firmation to his three companions unvania to-day. The Floridas were to der the historic haystack in 1806, "We remain Spanish for yet nearly two ca'n, if we will!" decades, while (thanks to the ambi- But other obstacles were to be ention of Napoleon) Louisiana had been countered, well-nigh as great, tho ours only since 1803, that is, the entire different. For, a century since, the imperial space, stretching from the unevangelized world being mostly Mississippi to the Pacific; and Lewis upon the' opposite side of the globe, and Clark were (r804-06) in the was well-nigh inaccessible because

communication was so difficult and so ment a hundred years ago, difficulties infrequent. Modes of travel were still too, such as the apostles had no knowl- of the rudest and most primitive kind. edge of, who were able to travel upon Commerce had attained to but slight the Roman military roads, and whose proportions, only sailing vessels being field was wholly adjacent to the Med- available. As late as the thirties, when iterranean, with its abundant facilities Dr. Whitman would found a mission for both trade and travel. But we re- in Oregon, it was not known that call still other serious hindrances oper- wagons could cross the Rockies, and ating within the limits of Christendom an entire season was occupied by the and consuming the energies of the journey made at a snail's pace over Protestant churches. Thus, follow- the plains and through the mountains. ing the horrors of the French rev0lu- When the London Society would send tion, the desolating Napoleonic wars missionaries to the South Seas, a ves- were on. When the Duff was upon sel must needs be purchased to trans- her second voyage to Tahiti, laden port them thither, the voyage out and with supplies, she was captured by a back also consuming nearly two years. French. cruiser, with confiscation of Messages went and came only at in- both ship and cargo ensuing and tervals of three, five, even seven years. heavy loss to the London Society. The When the pioneers of the Gospel en- great Corsican was crowned emperor tered Fiji three years must needs 111 1804, such battles as Trafalgar, elapse between the sending of orders Austerlitz and Ulm were fought in for supplies and the receipt of the 1805, and Jena in 1806. Six years same. Morrison -must voyage from later the fatal Russian campaign en- London to China, via New York, two sued, leading to the universal upris- hundred and thirty days passing be- ing against the usurper and his swift tween his departure and his arrival. descent to final overthrow. With sol- Between the Thames and the Hugli, diers by the million marching to and Alexander Duff was shipwrecked fro, with frequent battles and appall- twice, and almost a third time, with ing loss of life, slight opportunity was the loss of all his goods. The found- left, even for the most earnest-hearted, ers of the mission to the Sandwich to plan and push campaigns to en- Islands left Boston in October upon large the borders of the dominions of the brig Thaddeus, and the next May the Prince of Peace. Even in remote arrived at Honolulu, voyagmg Via America intense political excitement Cape 'Horn.* prevailed anel evil passions were kin- Such as these were some of the dif- , dIed which led to the war of 1812-15.

ficulties in the world abroad attending Yet another feature of the situation the beginning of the missionary move- * At the semi-centennial of the American Board open; how soon Protestant governments, then all it was written by one of the secretaries: UIt was indifferent and some even hostile to missions, then thought difficult to find a field of labor even would find it for their intc'rest, as they have, to act the part of protectors; how soon railroads for four or five missionaries. Little did our would bind the earth together, and send men pious fathers think what God purposed to do for over it by day and night with the swiftness of the winds; how soon thought would be darted this work, even before some of them should have across continents with the lightning's speed; and gone to their everlasting rest. Little did they how soon the currents of all the rivers and the imagine for instance, how soon. the world would storms of all the oceans would be overcome by bGeod'esxppioeroepdl~; and its condition inmtoaldeerank~noswecnu~ator steam, and commerce fill and pervade every sea, how soon the thus giving to the people of God a free and easy power of idolatry would be overthrown 1n IndIa; access to every land." how soon the gates of China would be forced

HUNDRED YEARS OF MISSIONARY EXPANSION

remains to be considered and carefully Treatment which was both intelligent weighed. Tho eighteen centuries had and humane was as yet undreamed of. passed by since the teaching and ex- In like manner asylums for the feebleample of the Divine Good Samaritan, minded, the blind, deaf mutes, etc., the Friend of sinners, had been left as belong to years comparatively recent. an invaluable possession among men, All these reforms, and in part also the even yet humanity, philanthropy, pity, steady growth of evangelizing zeal, solicitude for the well-being of stran- are the product of modern Christian gers, foreigners, dwellers in distant philanthropy. lands, representatives of another race, were well-nigh utterly absent from At any rate, whatever the cause, or Christendom, the 1110st enlightened causes, may have been, missionary Protestant communities not excepted. zeal was wofully lacking a hundred The existence of slavery was taken as years ago. The ruling sentiment, even a matter of course, with slave-stealing in Christian circles, either took no acand the slave trade tolerated by law, count of effort for the world's evanuntil 1807 in Great Britain and in the gelization, or meted out to it opposi- United States until the year after, but tion and scorn. Assumihg superior with abolition decreed in all Anglo- sapience, some, like the wise man after Saxon realms not until after two more the flesh in eastern Massachusetts, generations had passed by. It is true could argue that, "so limited was the that already in some sentimental cir- supply of piety at home none could cles much lofty oratory and florid be spared for export." The resources verse had been set to the key of Lib- of the English language were exhausterty, Equality, Fraternity. But as. yet ed by a stockholder of the East India ·the treatment universally accorded to Company, who publicly affirmed: criminals (including prisoners of all "The sending of missionaries into our sorts) was nothing less than barba- Eastern possessions is the maddest, rous, jails being scarcely more than 1110st expensive, most unwarrantable annexes to pandemonium and perdi- project that was ever proposed by a tion. Britain could contrive nothing lunatic enthusiast. Such a plan is better than transportation of all law- pernicious, impolitic, unprofitable, unbreakers to her colonies over sea, and salutary, dangerous, unfruitful, fansince 1788 had been shipping them by atic. It is opposed to all reason and the ten thousand to Botany Bay and sound policy, it endangers the peace Van Diemen's Land. Howard had and the security of our possessions." performed his humanitarian task, but As late as 1808 Rev. Sydney Smith, the foundations of the first improved fine scholar and highly esteem~d clermodern penitentiary had not been laid. gyman tho he was, could defile many The insane were "sometimes rev- pages of the Edil1burgh Review with erenced as specially God-stricken, such envenomed phrases as these: sometimes tolerated, or tormented, or "Lowest of the people," "little detachlaughed at as simpletons or buffoons; ments of maniacs," "consecrated cobin other cases imprisoned as social blers," "didactic artisans, whose pests, or even executed as criminals." proper talk is of bullocks, and not the GospeL" "He who bears the Chris-

tian name is commonly only a drunk- with but a handful of converts turned en reprobate who conceives himself at over later into other hands. Since 1732 liberty to eat and drink anything he the Moravians had started and main- pleases. After stuffing themselves with tained work in the West Indies, Suri- rum and rice, and borrowing money nam, Greenland and Labrador, in Cape from the missionaries, they run away Colony, and for sixty years Zeisberger and cover the Gospel with every spe- had devoted himself to the Indians in cies of ridicule and abuse," etc., etc. Pennsylvania, Ohio, Canada, and The fact is significant that the Church again in Ohio, where he died in 1808. Missionary Society, formed in 1799, In 1786, by the accident of a tempest, received no episcopal countenance un- by which while making for Nova Scotil 1815, when two bishops attended its tia, Coke was driven to Antigua, Wesannual. meeting, nor until the same Jeyan work was begun and continued year would any clergyman accept an in that and other neighboring isl:mds appointment to go abroad as an am- in behalf of the negro slaves. In 1792 bassador of Christ. Hitherto Germany the Baptists had organized, soon sendhad been the only source of supply. So ing Carey to India, with Marshman, slight was the interest in its undertak- Ward and a few others presently folings that the receipts during the first lowing. Near the end of 1800 the first quadrennium aggregated an annual convert was baptized. Next came the average of only $1,605, not much bet- London Society, in 1796, also dispatchter than the first year's income of the ing presently a goodly company with American Board, $999.52! great enthusiasm to Tahiti, tho with long waiting and sore tribulation in It is difficult, indeed, to believe that sto~e, and before the end of the century a century ago so little, so almost noth- sending Vanderkemp and a companing, had been done toward carrying ion to proclaim the Glad Tidings to the Gospel to the ends of the earth. In the wretched Hottentots in Cape Colstrictness, only five organizations were ony. If to these names we add the yet in existence with world-wide Glasgow and the Edinburgh Societies, evangelization as the express design both short-lived and making no of their formation. The Society for achievements, and the Netherlands Promoting Christian Knowledge, da- Society, for several years really auxting from 1698, has made frequent do- iliary to the London Society, and later nations to missionary objects, as also confining itself to home work, we have the Society for the Propagation of the a full summary of all the work which Gospel, which followed in 1701, tho had been undertaken by the Protestant its specific aim for a long time was Churches when the nineteenth censpiritual ministry to British colonists tury began its course. instead. The Danish-Halle, or Tamil, Mission, which had sent out Ziegen- It is probably impossible to give acbalg and Plutshau in 1705, to found curate figures which will represent the and build for the Kingdom, in south- harvest gathered to date. Various east India, had kept up a worthy suc- estimates have been fashioned, which cession of toilers, with Schwartz as the also at several points differ not a litgreatest; but with a serious decline set- tle. According to Christlieb the total ting in before his death in 1798, and income was "much less than $250,-

ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MISSIONARY EXPANSION 76r

000." "The male missionaries num- Tahiti fully expected, and the sweet bered one hundred and seventy, of assurance fired their enthusiasm, that whom one hundred were Moravians." only let those naked savages get a There were "scarcely 50,000 con- glimpse of the superiority of Christian verted heathen, with 'not over sev- ideas and ways, in particular the do- enty missionary schools, and only ings of Christian English men and about fifty translations .of the Scrip- women, the transformation would be tures, distributed in about 5,000,000 both sudden and complete! It was copies." So marked have been the soon discovered, however, that only developments since that the statisti- many years of wise, patient, and self- cian of to-day is able to name three denying toil would suffice to change societies each possessing an income of babes in Christ into stalwart saints, more than $1,000,000, and eight each valiant soldiers of the Cross. Genera- with more than 50,000 members in its tions must come and go before the mission churches, while the annual taint, the virus of heathenism could be additions to the churches are much eliminated from the blood and bone of more than 100,000. The seventy human nature.

schools have grown to nearly 20,000. Besides, a c"entury ago the hundreds The annual issues from the Bible so- of languages spoken at the ends of cieties aggregate about 7,500,000 cop- the earth were unknown. These must ies, and the total for the century is not be mastered, many must be reduced to far from 275,000,000, printed in more writing, into them all the Scriptures than four hundred languages. must be translated, as well as an en- In forming a fair estimate of the tire literature be created and put into missionary growth witnessed by the print. Schools of every kind and last century, the fact must not be over- grade must be opened, since intellects looked that all the methods, instru- must be enlightened as well as hearts mentalities, and equipments required and consciences be renewed and sanc- were yet to be contrived and fash- tified by the truth. Nor must Gospel ioned. And in every direction, as well benefits be withheld even from men's as at every point, from the beginning bodies, since in the Divine design these until now a most remarkable develop- were temples for the Holy Spirit. In ment has been in progress, an evolu- other words, medical missions could tion from the simple to the complex, by no means be spared; tho the mis- a differentiation of parts andfunc- sionary fathers never dreamed of em- tions, in kinds of work to be under- ploying "secular" forces like medicine taken and in means to be ·employed. and surgery as agencies for the As first evangelization in the narrower world's redemption. The first repre- sense, proclaiming salvation through sentatives of the healing art were sent Christ, was uppermost in desire and abroad simply and solely in order that purpose, and the little girl's concep- their fellow missionaries might receive tion would not be deemed much amiss, the benefit of their skill. But nowa- who defined a missionary to be "a days it has come to pass that if medi- man standing under a tree and read- cal missions, hospitals, and dispensa- ing the Bible to everybody who passed ries included, were omitted, at least by." The pioneers of the Gospel in from many fields, it would be deemed

a plain case of omitting Hamlet's part facts were found to be overwhelmingfrom the immortal tragedy. ly against such conceptions. In all Moslem lands, throughout India and Yet another differentiation is to be China, the presence of a male evannoted, the beginning and steady gelist in the harem, the zenana, was growth of industrial missions, another strictly prohibited by the custom of form of caring for things material be- centuries and. hence he could gain but cause of their vital connection with the slightest contact to at least the things intellectual and spiritual. In half of humankind. In order to face all tropical countries not only is toil this phenomenon, as well as for other irksome because of the extreme heat, reasons, we now find missionary but is also in a sense unnecessary be- women far outnumbering the men encause the forces of nature supply all gaged, while thousands of the unmarphysical needs. But indolence, lack ried are performing invaluable servof employment for body and mind, are ice in a great variety of ways. Nor ruinous to character. Only the indus- is it strange, therefore, that multitrious can rise to excellence of any tudes of women's auxiliaries are to be kind. Moreover, the Gospel creates found at home engaged strengthening new wants and enlarges the scope of the financial side of evangelization and desire, so that better houses with bet- qUkkening zeal for the world's comter furniture and clothing are certain plete redemption. to follow its advent. New trades spring into being as society improves, Finally, yet another task has now as intelligence and wealth increase. If been taken in hand to which the anywhere honest toil is deemed an saints of a century since were utter evil and disgraceful, the Kingdom of strangers. The converts in those days God can not prosper. But a century were but weaklings in every particuago this fact had not been discovered, lar, above all things needing to be at least in its application to pagan nursed and strengthened, guided and lands. taught. But now in the churches thousands are found belonging to the In yet other directions notable dis- second and third generations of discoveries have been made. Thus, when ciples. A native ministry has been modern missions began womankind as trained and put into the field as pasan agent was well-nigh a negligible tors. The converts have been taught quantity. As evangelizers in the lands to give of their substance, and not only of darkness men were supreme. Upon for their own neighborhood, but for masculine shoulders rested the obliga- the benefit of regions yet unenlighttion to make Christ known to the ened. So that the solution has really ends of the earth: If women must go begun of the problem which is not abroad, it was only as wives, home- only most important, but most diffimakers, and in order that the useful- cult as well, how to make missions ness of the husband might be in- self-supporting, self-managing, and creased. The experiences certain to self-propagating. No doubt a hun~ befall were too shocking for feminine dred years hence 'will be found comnerves. In particular, the presence of pletely equipped and in full operation unmarried women in the foreign field a Chinese Church, a Church Japanese, was unthinkable. But, little by little,

19001 EVOLUTION IN

Korean, African, etc.; not American Robert Moffat five, and John Willor British, or Continental, but each iams but four. one wearing the peculiar type of the nationality of which it is composed. 1800 Carey's first convert baptized. And may God speed the day! 1802 Marcus Whitman born. 1803 Louisiana purchased.· In taking a final glance at the mission world as it was during the first 1804 British and Foreign Bible Society. decade of the nineteenth century a 1804 Lewis and Clark expedition. statistical table composed of pertinent 1805 Henry Martyn sails for India. dates may not be devoid of interest and value. As preliminary facts let 1805 William Lloyd Garrison born. us recall that in the year 1800 Henry 1806 British capture Cape Colony. Martyn was nineteen years of age, 1806 Mungo Park killed on the Niger. Robert Morrison was eighteen, Sam- 1806 Alexander Duff born. uel J. Mills seventeen, Adoniram Jud- 1806 Danish-Halle Mission Centennial. son twelve, Harriet Newell seven, 1807 Morrison sails for China. 1807 Trial trip of Fulton's steamboat. 1808 Sydney Smith's anti-mission screed 1808 Andover Seminary founded. 1808 Zeisberger dies at Goshen, O. 1809 Buchanan's Star in the East. 1813 David Livingstone born. 1841 Henry M. Stanley born.

EVOLUTION IN MISSIONS BY REV. DAVID GILMORE, BURMA Missionary of the American Baptist Missionary Union The law of evolution holds good in shown, that these many and vanous the realm of social as well as nat- types have originated in a natural ural science. Great and complex so- and inevitable evolution from the one cial organisms evolve from small and simple and primitive type, the Church simple beginnings. . The same thing will be justified in employing them. holds true in religious history and in the domain of missions. Modern The missionary who puts his plow missions have attained to a' magni- into virgin soil, who begins work in tude, a diversity, a complexity, which an entirely" unevangelized country, seem at first sight seriously at vari- has a simple task. Not an easy one, ance with the apostolic beginnings. necessarily. His task may, and in- Many a Christian heart is troubled deed will, present great difficulty. by this. It can not see the college- But it will have little complexity. it can not see the hospital-it can not The missionary has one thing to do see the mission press and the indus- and he knows what that one thing is trial plant-in the great commission. -to make known the Gospel to the It is true that Christ enjoined on the heathen and to induce them to ac- Church and the apostles practised but cept it if he can. At this stage of one type of missionary work, direct our evolution the missionary spenas evangelism. It is also true that the his time, as Paul did and as Jesus Church of this day is expending its did, in proclaiming the glad tidings energy in many and various types of with his own lips. This is the evanmissionary work. But if it can be gelistic type, the first type of misshown, and in so far as it can be sionary work-first in time, first als~ in importance, and in its right to

dominate and shape the whole field whole, some watchful care over every of missionary operations. church; and what now has he be- come ?-a general superintendent? a But as time passes on, the mis- presiding elder? a bishop? If the sionary's proclamation of the Gospel term could be stripped of its historic is fruitful. Converts are gathered in. and ecclesiastical connotations, and re- As a certain experienced and devoted tain only its etymological· sense, I missionary once said: "When you would say that he has become an baptize your first convert your troub- episcopos. les begin." He meant by this somewhat startling statement that the ac- We have, then, in full development cession of converts imposes upon the a second type of missionary work, missionary an entirely new range of the pastoral and supervisional. In duties, onerous, complicated, perplex- the etymological sense, again, it is ing, and often distressing. The mis- episcopal work. In good old Anglosionary is not responsible for the Saxon, it is a work of overseeing. It ethics of heathen; he is responsible involves travel among the churches, for the ethics of Christians. As soon familiarity with their conditi.on and as there are Christians on his field with their needs, advice, restraint, enthe missionary confronts the duty of couragement, comfort, stimulus, reteaching them how to live the Chris- buke. In it all the missionary has a tian life, individually and also cor- triune aim. porately. They must be organized into a church and trained to carryon He aims to make the native the life and work of a church. The churches self-supporting-to get them missionary, who has been an evan- to the point where they can and will gelist, wakes up some morning and support their pastors, build and mainfinds himself a pastor, with all a tain their church edifices, and in genpastor's cares, and joys, and sorrows. eral provide for the expenses of And this pastoral type of work in- their local.,church life and work. evitably broadens out into something larger, yet akin. Believers grow too He • aims to make the native numerous to be comprised in one churches self-directing-to get them local church and are too widely scat- to rely less and less on the missiontered to meet for worship in one ary and more and more on the pasplace with any regularity. Churches tor, the Bible, the Spirit, for leadermultiply; and the missionary, who ship in their church affairs. When has been pastor of one church, is self-support is attained self-direction now pastor of many churches. This comes easy. He who pays the fiddler will not do. A single man-even a is proverbially ready to call the tune. missionary-can not discharge the duties of a pastor satisfactorily to more The missionary aims to make the than two or three churches. So na- native church self-extending. It is tive pastors are set over the local not enough that the native church churches. Yet the missionary of provide evangelists for the missionnecessity retains some relation to the ary to pay; it is not enough that it provide money with which to pay evangelists. The mIssIOnary wants to see the native church providing

EVOLUTIO~ IN

not only men and money, but man- tian church in heathen lands. It is agement. He wants to see it shoul- instructive to observe missions and dering responsibility for the evan- missionaries, beginning with a de- gelization of the land in which it cided prejudice against educational exists. work, forced by the logic of the sit- This second form of missionary uation to embark upon educl!-tiop.!ll work, call it the supervisional type work just as soon as theYhaye :a or what you will, is evidently a neces- Christian community under their ~are.

sary evolution from the first or evan- And it IS sadly instructive to gelistic type. So necessary is it that see, as we sometimes do see, the it had appeared even in the days of young people of a church slip away the apostles. For what is commonly from that church because a mission- referred to as evangelistic type of· ary, in his blindness to the logic of mission work, the type which I have events, refuses to provide such edu- said was inculcated by Jesus and cational facilities as the needs of the practised by the apostles, is seen on Christian community under his care closer analysis to contain within it- plainly indicate. When the mission- self two distinguishable types, the di- ary's converts are utterly illiterate, as rectly evangelistic type and the su- is often the case, and destitute of pervisional type. The latter springs opportunities even for learning to necessarily out of the former; and read, the missionary is forced to see this fact would alone be sufficient to to it that some schools are established justify it were any justification need- among them. Equally plain, one ed. Not only so, but this evolution- would think, is the duty of establish- ary relation should give character to ing Christian schools when there are the supervisional work. The mis- indeed schools which the children of sionary trains and fosters churches the church might attend, but schools that he may make them evangelistic where they will be indoctrinated in forces. When the work of caring heathen beliefs, expected to join in for the churches is divorced from heathen worship and surrounded by the evangelistic spirit dry rot has a heathen atmosphere. Nor is the set in. situation much better where schools Now, admitting that this work of already in existence are nominally Laring for the native churches i~ jus- neutral in religion, but really ag- tified, as a natural and necessary out- nostic or atheistic in their tone and growth of evangelistic work in the influence.

stricter sense, and is justified also by Th~ young people of our native the example of the apostles and by Christian communities ate going to the command of the Master, it must be educated. That is sure. We can carry with it the justification of what- not prevent it, nor do we wish to.

ever instrumentalities experience It is for the missionary so to provide shows to be necessary for its success- that they may be educated in a way ful prosecution. And experience that will bind them to Christ and the never fails to show that education, of Church-not alienate them.

some sort, to some extent, is neces- Moreover, the development of an sary in the building up of a Chris- independent native church, toward

which every missionary worthy of cessful they may be in the purely the name is striving, presupposes the educational point of view. existence of a body of native pastors and teachers able to take a constantly vVe have now traced the develop- -increasing share in the leadership and ment of all the principal forms of responsibility. Such men need train- missionary work. It remains briefly ing in general intelligence, in bibl ical to indicate that of certain special knowledge, in homiletics ane! ,pastoral forms. theology. Medical missions can cite the ex- Enqugh has been said to show that ample of Christ Himself. It is ineducational work is an evolutionary evitable that a missionary laboring development of the primary purpose among an uncivilized or semi-civilized of mission work and is necessary to people should find occasion to give the complete attainment of that pur- them the benefit of his superior medpose. The right of education to a ical knowledge. Such service soon place in missionary operations has demonstrates its value, not merely in been vindicated. But a consideration gaining for the missionary the good of education as an evolutionary de- will of the people to whom he seeks velopment will do more than vindi- to minister, but in helping them to cate its place in mission work, it will realize that the spirit of Christianity indicate its place. It will show under is love. It is hard for them to see what circumstances educational mis- this; mere preaching ·wiII not show it. sions are justifiable, under what cir- But when the missionary brings recumstances they will yield satisfac- 'lief to their sick bodies they believe tory results. in his love for them and they begin to see what Christianity really means. The mission school of any grade is The medical work of missionaries dejustifiable when it is an evolution void of medical 'training demonfrom evangelism, when it comes nat- strates two things-the high value of urally into being in the development medical missionary work and the of missionary work. ,It is not justi- need of regularly trained physicians fiable when it is introduced in ad- properly to do it. Systematic medvance of its natural place. The school ical missions are thus a natural deshould follow and never precede or. velopment. take the place of the evangelist. When mission schools have been es- Literary work arises out of each tablished to meet the educational of the three main branches of misneeds of Christian communities they sionary work. The evangelizing mishave generally proved satisfactory sionary wants tracts to 'supplement from the missionary point of view. and reinforce the oral preaching. When mission schools have been es- The missionary charged with the uptablished in advance of the needs of building of the churches wants Bibles, a Christian community, in the hope hymn-books, devotional literature, rethat they might effect the evangeliza- ligious periodicals, lesson leaflets. In tion of the heathen, they have gener- apostolic times we see in the epistles ally proved disappointing from the how naturally the use of the pen enmissionary point of view, however suc- ters into the work of oversight and training. And when the missionary

METHODS FOR THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL

is engaged in educational work he istic effort. Hopeless poverty is not finds further need for the pen in the favorable to the development of preparation of text-books; for the Christian character or church life; mission will have to supply all its and where such poverty is general own needs in sacred studies and a among a missionary's converts he certain part of its needs in general finds it advisable to undertake induslearning. trial education with a view to giving the people better means of livelihood. Industrial work springs out of the endeavor to build up self-supporting All these types of work flow out of . churches on fields where the people evangelism. They also flow back have inadequate means of livelihood. into evangelism. As a matter of You can not build up a self-support- fact, the direct evangelistic work is ing church out of converts who are greater in amount and better in qualnot self-supporting. Church mem- ity because of the work of oversight, bers who provide for the support of of education, the literary, medical their own families with the greatest and industrial work. They are all difficulty, or not at all, can not well justified by evangelism, the source provide for the support of the min- from which they spring, the end to istry, of public worship, of evangel- which they tend.

MISSIONARY METHODS FOR THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL REV. CHARLES HARLEY SMITH, TAUNTON, MASS.

Two men were engaged in a very spired by God's love is limitless.. interesting conversation. "We love because He first loved us" -love Him and everything of His "Do you frequently read your creation. Bible?" asked one. iVith such an incentive to mis- "Nat often," was the reply; "it sionary service the first step to be shows me too clearly that I do not taken in the Sunday-school is the love the Lord." organization of a Sunday-school Missionary Society. The Methodist "I read the Bi'ble," said his com- Episcopal Church has a form of conpanion, "because it makes _me know stitution which has proven very that God loves me." satisfactory, enabling that Church to achieve success in this department "The love of Christ" is the proper of missionary activity. With adapmissionary incentive. We do not tations this constitution, given hereteach Sunday-school pupils to have with, may serve as a model for any an interest in non-Christian people Sunday-school: first of all because of the ignorance and need of those people, but be- ARTICLE 1. This society shall be called cause the Lord loves all mankind, the Missionary Society of the – – Methand millions of men do not know odist Sunday-school, and shall be auxiliary Him. The familiar Scripture, "We to the Missionary Society of the Methodist love Him because He first loved us," Episcopal Church. has been corrected in the revised versions. Man's love which is in- ART. II. The obj ect of this society shall

be to promote in all practical ways the in- the alert committee may decree, terests of the missionary cause within the "That which has been shall not apbounds of this school. pear again." Besides the mission- ary books and periodicals of our day, ART. III. All members of this school there are numerous 'and various shall be members of this society.

ART. IV. The officers of the society shall be a President, Vice-President, Secretary, special helps, obtainable through the and Treasurer, who shall together consti- general missionary office of any of tute the Board of Managers, to be elected the denominations. annually by the Sunday-school Board on the – – of – – . A missionary map of the world, seven by fourteen feet, in colors, can ART. V. A part of the session of the school on the first Sunday of every month be had for three dollars, or a set of shall be set apart for missionary exercises seven paper maps of good size for and the reception of gifts for the cause of less than one donar. The latest missions; and it shall be the duty of the thing is the stencil maps for chalk Board of Managers to provide for such ex- talks by even persons whose crayon ercises, varying the program from month to month in such a way as to actively en- has no cunning. Beautiful study gage as many of the school as possible in pictures for class work are now proacquiring and supplying information and in- vided in sets. Or it is possible for spiration on missionary topics. The man- a teacher to clip a good many useful agers shall also devise and set in vigorous operation whatever schemes they can, such ones from periodicals. A number of as mite-boxes, collection cards, occasional hand-books on effective missionary missionary concerts, or sales, etc., for in- methods, giving charts, drawings, creasing the missionary contributions of the journeys, and other program sugschool. gestions are being produced 'by the – ART. VI. The President shall preside during that part of the school time which is present-day press. Letters from d.evoted to missions; the Secretary shall missionaries in the field are useful read at each monthly meeting a report of features of a program, but other the previous meeting. The Treasurer shall "readings~' should generally be ruled hold the funds raised by the society and pay out. Young folks want things told them to the Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The Presi- and 110t read to them. Besides, if dent, Secretary and Treasurer shall make facts are studied until they can be a semi-annual report to the society on the first Sundays of April and October. recited or related, at least one per- ART. VII. Vacancies in the offices may· son, the one who has mastered them, be filled at any regular or special meeting of is greatly benefited. Not enough at- the Sunday-school Board. tention is given to early committing ART. VIII. This constitution shall not to memory, especially if one accepts the teaching ot that excellent book be altered except by vote of two-thirds of by Koons, "The Child's Religious all the members of the Sunday-school Life," that the memory can best be Board, at a meeting called for that purpose.

Programs for the monthly exer- developed before the -age of eleven cises at the Sunday-school hour, years.

lasting about fifteen minutes, de- In the preparing of programs, mand attention next. Once this was either for the Sunday-school hour or a difficult matter. Not so now. for the occasional Sunday evening Material enough is now at command missionary concert, a few should not for excellence and variety, so that be favored. All members should be

I<}<P6J MISSIONARY METHODS FOR THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL

given something to do sooner or books which in many cases would later; for their own good urged, al- not 'be read except with the thought most compelled, if necessary. Also, of helping or pleasing him. By definiteness is always to be desired. patience and perseverance the mis- Two methods in definiteness may be sionary books can be kept from suggested: At the opening of each being dust-accumulators on the year assign to each class a mlSSlOn- shelves of the Ubrary. ary field for study for one year. Class NO.3 has Japan. Occasion- And now about the offering. This ally in regular session the teacher is the superintendent's opportunity. may ask for latest missionary news Much depends upon the smile radifrom Japan. The entire program of ating his face, and the enthusiastic some day may be left to this class. and expectant tone of voice with On another day the entire time may which he announces on the proper be given to general, conversational day, monthly, "Next Sunday is Misreports by members of different sionary Day," and again, "To-day is classes from countries represented. Missionary Sunday." By various Or a class may assume the support objective devices the record of gifts of a missionary, teacher or Bible should be kept before the school, woman at an outlay of $15.00, $30.00, one month and one year being comor more, for the year. This definitely pared with another and with the attaches the interest of each member present. Among the lessons to be of the class to the location of the learned by the youth, before family class missionary. demands are upon him, is the joy of generous giving. The library is undervalued as a factor in Sunday-school instruction. DO FOREIGN MISSIONS PAY? New books should be added, not many at once, but a few at regular An enterprising preacher in Kansas intervals, and some of them should has been giving a series of missionary be missionary. There are excellent lectures as follows: publications now to select from, and the missionary committee should be Missions and Exploration. Relapermitted to name some of the books Missions and Tramlations. to be procured. One of the com- Missions and Commerce. mittee may be assigned to the work Missions and Education of seeing that these books are kept Missions and Medicine. in circulation. He may say to a boy Missions and International who has little love for reading: tions. "Here is a book I would like to have you read for me. and then tell me Missions and Family Life. what in it you most enjoy, and if you think other boys of your age Missions and the Home Church. would like it." One very successful Missions and Martyrdom. librarian has a blank form which he Missions and Obedience. uses in securing youthful opinions of The working up and delivering of such a series of addresses would mark an epoch in a preacher's career. There are plenty of books to help a man III such an undertaking.

AFRICAN'S WORK FOR AFRICA *

BY REV. WILLIAM H. SHEPPARD, IBANJ, KONGO STATE After a time old King Lukenga I answered that I had heard it, but died, and was succeeded by another did not believe it. Lukenga of a different dynasty. It is the custom for a new king to kill "It is true," the king said. And he all the sons of the old one, so that added: "Can we settle this thing he may feel secure on his throne. He now?" succeeded in murdering seven; and then, remembering that I was one of "I hope so," I said, and I could the first Lukenga's sons, he sent to see murder in his eyes. Ibanj, our new station among the Bakuba, messengers armed with The king ca1led for a man, who poisonous arrows, with orders to brought a small pouch of leopard shoot me. They came, and I heard skin. The king ca1led another man they were there, but they went away and asked him for a banana leaf. He without carrying out the king's or- put it over the fire to make it pliable. ders. I never saw them. Then he Then he took some strong medisent a messenger with one of his cine out of the leopard skin and put scepters to ask me to come to his it into the banana leaf. After sitting awhile he had it tied up and gave it village because he wanted to see me. to a servant, te1ling' him to throw it I set out with my people and trav- into the Lingadi River. eled on foot the one hundred and fifty miles. It took us ten days. "Do you see that?" said the king. King Lukenga sat on the plain out- "Yes," I replied. side of the village, with as many as "It has gone into the Lingadi," three hundred people around him. said the king, "from that to the Li- gadi, then to the N'gala. I can not "You have come," he said. call it back, and it will not come "I have come," I answered. back. Just so everything is gone "I am glad you have come," he that was between us which I had in my heart against you. Now, what said. are you going to do?" "I am glad to be here," I replied. "I don't know your custom," I re- He asked me to go into the village. plied, "but we have a ·custom of praying, and if you will allow me I and I went to a house which he had will kneel here on the mat with you made ready for me. Later he sent and pray." me food-chickens, ducks, and corn After prayers we went to our -and the messenger said: "Here is houses, and a week later I returned to Ibanj. some food for you and your people; Since then I have had an experiwhen it is late to-night come and ence with the Zapo-Zaps, a cannibal come alone to the king's palace." I tribe, perhaps the lowest in Africa, determined to go. At midnight a which gives some idea of the horrors man came and said, "King Lukenga which are being perpetrated in the is calling for you," so I went into Dark Continent, with, I am sorry to the presence of Lukenga. We sat say, the encouragement of a 50down, turned face to face, folded our called civilized nation. This tribe legs, and began talking. is in the pay of the Belgian state officers, to collect the tribute of rub- "Do you not know," he said, "that ber from the people of the various districts, and, in carrying out their it is the custom when the crown passes orders, adds to the natural depravity from one family to another to mur- of savage ignorance the cruelty of der a1l the sons of the oldkirtg? Were you not told that you were to be shot with poisonous arrows?"

, Condensed from The Southern Workman. civilized (?) greed. When we were a piece of bamboo; he was running at Ibanj a native came over from fast and the perspiration was run- Pianga and said: ning from him. vVe wondered what "The Zapo-Zaps, the cannibals, had happened at Luebo. He handed have come down and are catdling me the letter. It was signed by our people and murdering them in- Morrison, Bass, and another mis- side the stockade, and we have come sionary.

to ask you to help us drive them "Dear Brother Sheppard," it read, out." "we hear of atrocities being com- "Who is leading them?" mitted in the Pianga country by the "lfalul11ba N'kusa leads them." Zapo-Zaps. We commission you im- He is a man who, with his eye- mediately on receipt of this letter to brows shaved off, and his eyelashes go over and stop the raid."

pulled out, can yet look at the sun These were orders. I had to go; at midday without winking; his there was nothing else to do. I teeth are filed off to a sharp point; called to one of the bovs and said: he wears little clothing, is very tall, "Run and quickly make- the church and has a very long neck. He is a bell ring out." Ve had taught the most repulsive looking man, and is natives that when the bell rang out- an exceedingly swift runner. side of the regular hours for church "If Malumba N'kusa is leading services tiley should come and come them," I said, "there is no use of my – quickly, that there was a fight or going. He will never hear me. I a fire and everyone must come.

have heard a great deal of Malumba They came, and I called out: "Fall in N'kusa. Go back and tell your line 1" So they fell in line, five or friends I can not come." six hundred of them. I said to But they came again, bringing them: goats and chickens and other things. "You remember we have heard They said their friends had sent that there is trouble going on in the these presents, saying: Pianga country, how the Zapo-Zaps "Long ago you were over in our have made a stockade and are killing country. You said you loved us. all the people. We have just re- Now we are in trouble. Will you ceived a letter from Luebo that we not help us out of this trouble?" must go there .and stop the raid.

I asked them to sit down, and You who are willing to go,stand in then said: line. You who are not willing, go "Now, if I leave the station some- to your homes."

thing may happen to it while I am I looked away for a moment, and gone. Then I pass through your when I looked up everybody had country the people may take me for gone! To tell the truth, I wanted an enemy and murder me. When I to join them, for I did not want to reach the plain of the Zapo-Zaps it go to Pianga at all. But I was com- is nothing but murder. It is just as pelled to go, so I went around and if I were to take a rope and go out got eleven men to follow me. We behind the house and hang myself knew th~ way to Pianga, for we had to that tree. Go back and tell your been there before. After three friends I can not come. There is no hours' march up hill, and across use in exposing myself in that way plains and creeks, we came to the and tempting Providence." first village, which was deserted.

We were sitting on the porch one The next village was also deserted day shortly after this, when a native and the next. At one of these vil- called out, saying that a man was in lages we called into the forest. We sight, running, coming in our direc- heard voices, and called again_ Then tion. "Yes, and he is coming from the voices came nearer, for they Luebo," I said. He had a letter in knew we were friends. A man came

out and said that many of his people We started for Malumba N'kusa, and Chembamba and another man were in the forest. He brought out went on before. As we looked back a man whose hand had been shot to we saw that the village we had left pieces. He was in the stockade was on fire. when the shooting began, but he had leaped the stockade. We tied up his Away through the forest we jourhand and sent him back into the neyed, and when we came to the forest. On we went to the next plain we saw a stockade, from which village, and on and on. During the men were coming out of a trap-door. night we called out into the forest The Zapo-Zaps ran in every direcand heard voices of men crying tion like so many ants, and started aloud all that night. Next morning toward us, beginning to shoot. five men cried out. We said: "Give There over the plain they were comus a guide, to show us exactly where ing, leaping, screaming, and shoot- Malumba N'kusa is." ing.

They gave us a guide, and we "Stand still, all of you!" I shoutstarted on again. Ve were passing ed, but on they came, and the one through a village when a native who was leading then called out: called my attention to a house, against which we saw the form of a "Moya" (a salutation). poor woman leaning. She had been "Sheppard!" I replied. murdered and her flesh carved off. "Live!" he said. On we journeyed. At one village "You also live," I an.swered. we sat down and lunched. We Then he came up and said: "How thought, when this forest is finished do you do?" we shall be on the plain of the Zapo- Twenty-five of them said, "How Zaps, the cannibals. We started do you do?" The others never out, but suddenly we heard a call reached us, for they started back to and saw eighteen cannibals looking the stockade. We stood there, for for fresh people to kill. We had they had not asked us to come up. no time to jump into the forest. I Then we saw the chief coming out, called out: "Sheppard! Sheppard! and when he reached us he greeted don't shoot." One turned and said: us and said: "Come, come to the "Stop !" They stopped. When I camp." got my breath, I said: "Stop a moment. Is this the way you hunt ani- "1e started on, and I said: "I see mals ? You don't know whether we some dead bodies on the plain. I noare friends or enemies." A man tice men with their heads off." stretched out his hand. This man was Chembamba, whose life I had "Some one has taken a fancy to saved two years before. For this them," he remarked. "They have kindness he remembered me and taken their skulls to rub their tostopped his men, or we should have bacco with." been shot at once. If we had turned our backs we should have 'been shot "There is a right hand off that down at once. one."

"How many Zapo-Zaps are there?" "Yes, you will see that when you are in the camp." I asked. "Seven hundred," he answered. "The flesh is carved off!" "Have they all guns?" "Yes, they are eating it here in "Yes, they are all armed with camp."

guns." So we walked on to the small trap- "Guide me to Malumba N'kusa. door. We crawled on our hands and knees, and the others followed. One Tell him we are come not to fight, of the first things that Malumba N'kusa pointed out was the heart but simply to talk." of a man, very black, with Malumba N'kusa's spear through it and his native medicine sprinkled around it.

Ig06] AN AFRICAN'S WORK FOR AFRICA

– He said it was the heart of N'funfu, the natives had failed to bring in the whom I had known very well. He rubber required by the state.

had been a friend to us, and had of- This story shows how much these fered us hospitality. Zapo-Zaps neeD the Gospel. When On we walked, and saw flesh on we first landed in Luebo not a soul pieces of bamboo around the fire to had ever head a word of it. All dry for future use. We spent two these centuries their fathers had days inside the camp, and counted died without knowing anything three hundred skeletons of people about the Lord Jesus Christ coming that they had murdered and eaten. into the world to seek and save the N'kusa said there were sixty-two lost.

women in the upper part of the Remembering the day when we camp. As soon as they saw me they landed for the first time at Luebo, knew me, and held up their heads. twelve hundred miles from the coast, I had a talk with Malumba N'kusa, in a cou,ntry where the natives had but he would not let them go. never seen a book, had never heard "At least," I said, "you are not a hymn, had never seen a missionary going to hurt these women. You and had never heard of Christ-re- will not kill them, surely." membering that time and realizing "No, not now, anyhow. The peo- that now the Lord's Kingdom has ple had plenty of flesh." spread east and west, and north and At last we said to the chief: south for hundreds of miles and "Now we have spent two days through divers tribes, and that His here and we want to go home." name is praised throughout the Kas- "Very well," he answered, and the sai, we can say with grateful hearts: trap-door was lifted up, and we "Behold, what God hath wrought!"

started out. It took us two days to What changes have come since we get there. We reached home in one were sent out there! First,· there day. are three thousand members of the Two fast runners went to Luebo. church in Luebo alone. These have, The missionaries wrote up our re- most of them, been brought up in port, in which we requested the re- our school there. We have teachers lease of the women, and sent it to from Fisk, Talladega, Tuscaloosa, the Belgian state post, one hundred and other schools in the United and fifty miles away. The runners States, and they have given the na- gave it to the state officer who, as tives an intelligent knowledge of soon as he received the letter, called Christ and the plan of salvation.

a man to blow the bugle. The sol- The First Converts diers fell into line and marched down to Pianga, caught Malumba N'kusa Four years of hard work passed and his seven hundred people, and away without a single convert. We rescued the sixty women, and they had longed and prayed for a soul- were sent home into their own coun- "0, Lord! give us one soul, our try. Malumba N'kusa was put in faith is so weak, that we may see chains, and as the chains went some visible sign of Thy favor." Soon around him and they put a strong five young men came to us crying lock on him, said : "You sent me that they had renounced their idols to do this, and yet you have put me and believed in the Lord Jesus in chains!" Vith our own hands, Christ as their personal Savior. We while we were in this camp, we were indeed happy. These were picked up eighty-one right hands carefully instructed and trained, and and put them in baskets. These after some months, when we felt were to have been carried up also to sure of them and had seen evidence the state post to show how many of . of their changed lives, we received

them into the Church. At once these with them; they speak the lan- guage fluently, and know the trails. five started out as missionaries of We have in Luebo to-day over a Jesus, and preached the Gospel to thousand in the school-men, wotheir brethren. The first sign of the men, and children-taught not only new life you see is that they are eager to go and tell the good news by the missionaries, but by native to others and bring them into the teachers. fold. They hold their family prayers At Ibanj, where we had a great daily, almost without an exception. deal of trouble in the early days, we The head of the family holds family now have five hundred children in worship morning and night. A great school. We have native teachers number of these converts have gone. there also, as well as teachers from far away and established churches America, a large Sunday-school, and and schools-and this without pay from the mission. a church of one thousand members. People come in flocks to attend the The converts are tried and true; services. Before service they have they know the Scriptures and can brief prayers in their homes. In the read them for themselves. They way of translations, we have not must know the catechism, questions only hymn-books and the Scripand answers perfectly. We have hymns printed which they learn and tures, but text-books used in our can sing without trouble. But that schools – arithmetics, geographies, is not all. Fifty native evangelists and reading books. Some of these have been educated in our school are printed by the natives, and sevand now have their stations, where eral who were once cannibals are they are preaching the Gospel to now assisting in this work. Twentytheir brethren. We 'believe this is five evangelists have gone from the plan that the Master would have Ihanj station and established themus carry out: Educate the natives selves in different parts of the counand send them out to preach to the try. Even at Lukenga's capital others. They are quick on the road, there are four evangelists who are do not need a long caravan to go preaching and teaching school, sup- ported by the king himself.

CONDITION AND NEEDS OF RUSSIAN WOMEN STUDENTS* BY A RUSSIAN WOMAN STUDENT " The hour cometh. and now is. when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God; and they that hear shall live. "-8t. John v: 25.

Truly the time has come when all St. Petersburg to enter different men are hearing an inward voice- places of learning, and the "Cours the spirit of man is awakening. Superieurs."t Many of them spend Everywhere men are seeking- God, their last "kopeck" for the journey and many are almost involuntarily and hope to earn their living in St. uttering the cry, 0 God, where art Petersburg, either by giving lessons Thou? or in some other way. Everyone of Among us women students, too, us enters this place hoping to find there is the same awakening and de- something high, real, and noble-to sire. From all parts of Russia, from discover the meaning and purpose small towns and country villages, of life. We finish our school life women students are streaming into with an awakened but unsatisfied • Written and translated for 'The Students' Movement (London). t Women were not admitted to the university until last year. Equivalent educational facilities have been provided for them by private committees, and the diplomas given by these U Cours" 8t"C recognized.

everyhwere.

CONDITIONS AND NEEDS OF RUSSIAN WOMEN STUDENTS

mind and spirit, and we hunger after has been above all in philosophy or, a food which will satisfy us. Many in many cases, in the history of reof us hope to find this food in our ligions. Constantly little groups higher education, and expect from have been formed for a closer study our professors little less than won- of these questions, sometimes among ders. students, sometimes with the help of professors. During the early days of our life here, some of us who have only suc- But to a soul who has not found ceeded in coming after a struggle God, and does not stand firmly on against family opinion, or against ad- the Rock, philosophy does no good. verse material circumstances, feel The professors, in stating the teachthat we have reached a quiet haven ings of the different philosophical from whence we look out on unex- schools, exposing with mechanical plored horizons of knowledge, of precision the defects of philosophical truth, and of. the purpose of life. thought, destroy for the majority of Then begins our growth in knowl- their students that little faith or hold edge. The most gifted onesl who are on spiritual things that they posconscious of their utter ignorance sessed. One of our students was a and throw themselves into science, girl whose family circumstances were read and study with their professors very sad; lonely and in ill health, a or in private circles. Others who seeking and a wavering soul. Durare unfit for such work, take up poli- ing the second year of. her student tics. Others still, enjoying freedom life, a lecture on the Kant-La Place unknown to them in their provincial system of the creation of the world homes, throw themselves into new came under her notice. The terror excitements and pleasures, going to of the senselessness of life, the probtheaters, balls, and other amusements. lem, "Why.do we live?" rose up be- But, different as are the ways in fore her, and crushed her down. "If which women students are seeking, I could only be a materialist," wrote their goal is the same-to find the she, "with what joy should I have purpose of life. solved the problem of life with one shot !" After a great struggle with Many would perhaps say that in- herself, she decided to consult the terest in spiritual things does not ex- Professor of Philosophy. "Please ist now, having been lost in the more give me," she said, "a book which absorbing interest of politics. It is will conclusively prove to me the true, that since the attendance at groundlessness of my belief in the divinity lectures has ceased to be immortality of the soul. " "You ask obligatory, the theological lecture me an impossibility," he replied with halls are empty, and the lecturers find a smile: "neither its truth nor falseno listeners. But this is because hood can be proved; do not trouble there are no "shepherds." It is a yourself with the question." These suggestive fact that in spite of the imprudent words produced such a heat and excitement of the actual storm in the girl, passing as she was political struggle, works on philos- through a crisis, that some years ophy, ethics, and morals are more after, in utter despair, she ended her in demand than any other class of life by throwing herself into an abyss books in our immense library. Dur- in Switzerland. There are many ing the whole of the winter (1904-5), such cases. and during the autumn of last year (when the libraries were still open), We do not find among our pro- I could not get a single book belong- fessors those who will be our guides, ing to this branch of study; they and among our fellow students, too, were all out. If serious study has we find the same emptiness. It is been done during these last years, it strange that those who suffer from

the same inner craving fear and dis- any others, still hope, in spite of trust one another. The storm in the themselves, to find their agnosticism life of another has no interest for and dissatisfaction refuted. How those in whom the same storm has ,often have I heard this said: "What only reached another phase. Those is the purpose of life, when there is who are on a lower level of develop- no truth binding for everyone and ment are prevented from speaking no explanation of life? Christianity to their elders by fear of being is only a partial representation of laughed at. Those who are· on the the truth, and it is already antisame level do not approach one an- quated." And yet, directly after this other, knowing that they have the denial, they will put to you the quessame inner cravings, and the same tion, "How do you consider it?" and ignorance. In contact with another distrustfully, fearfully, yet with a unbelieving soul they fear to lose lingering hope, the answer is exwhat they still possess. They fear to pected. realize and give expression to their utter inner bankruptcy. In the At this time more than at any circles or debating meetings they dis- other we need people who will say, cuss with great heat and even with with full faith and assurance, "Yes, bitterness, but they only argue round there is a God; I know it. He has and round the question without ever revealed Himself in His Son. Study coming to the point. There seems the Gospel-receive it without prejuno possibility of coming into such re- dice; and you will understand and lations with one another as would believe, and your life will gain a new meaning and purpose." Many make simple, straight speech, with of us would listen to such words open confidence and an affectionate with great joy. Then will come the understanding, possible. inevitable question: "Do Christians really fulfil the commands of Christ? When one sees all this, one feels Is it not all hypocrisy?" If God that such a life is impossible, and will show us people who really bethat truth does not seem to exist any- lieve, many of us, owing to such a where; and a feeling of utter despair testimony, will receive, perhaps not all at once, but joyfully, the truth and a sense 01 the loneliness and of God. Then the political struggle meaningless of life comes over one. and all other things will take a second place, because all these things Many of us come to the Coms are· only as opiates by which men Superieurs with bruised faith and seek to forget the great question, tottering ideals. Spiri.tual bank- "Where is God?" It is felt by every ruptcy begins with many even dur- one-even by the extreme radicals. ing school-life. They have already put the great question of life, and During last winter some people decome to a negative conclusion. The cided to organize a Christian circle haunting, pressing question, "What -only without Christ. I was at the is coming next?" is answered: the first meeting. There were not many dreary existence, empty of real vi- people, because the meeting was a tality and light, will go on until, per- private one, but there were men and haps, it ends on a barricade. These women students there. There was a persons see no rational purpose in good deal of talking, but all was the life, and go to the Coms Superieurs, rediscussion of the great problem of life, the problem of the existence compelled by the mere vis inertia!- of God. Again you heard phrases such as "leaving aside the question because "you must live somehow." of the divinity of Christ," or "leav- Their inner self is kept hidden away; ing the fundamental questions open," they are embittered, and they trust no one. But in spite of this bare negation of life, as they understand it, perhaps these girls, more than

"THE SAVIOR OF KURDISTAN"

etc. At last an old country school- the result? I am now an old man, master rose, and asked to pe allowed and I have nothing. You ask me to speak. "Gentlem~n," said he, what is to be done? If YOll had "we have met here, intending to help asked me to arrange a school, or others, to enlighten our people. But how to manage a political affair, I how? Weare willing to write should know what to answer. But articles and addresses when so many now I know nothing myself. I came of our brethren are dying of hunger. here myself hoping to find some . Can we say that 'we love our neigh- light." Before everyone was the bor as ourselves?' Christ could teach same riddle. What is to be done? others because He Himself, by His whole life and His death on the This riddle presents itself more Cross, showed what it meant to live and more sternly before many of our for others. But what do we do?" students, those present at that meet- From every side young and old clus- ing and those who were not. Some tered round this country schoolmas- one must waken in us the plaintive ter, asking, "Tell us, tell us what to voice of conscience. We must pray do !" He rose once more. "Long that God may give light to them that sit in the shadow of death, and shine ago, when I was a young man, I upon us who are standing in the read the Gospels. I bowed before twilight, so that we who hear His the light of this great teaching. voice may listen with our hearts, and But, finding that I could not follow may live and become such servants it, I gave it up, and absorbed my- of God, through whom "the sheep, self in the political struggle and in not of this fold," may be brought in teaching the people. And what is and be saved.

"THE SAVIOR OF KURDISTAN"* Waist deep in the waters of the up- ary spoke Armenian; she tmderstood per Tigris stood a poor Kurdish wash- the Kurdish. He addressed her erwoman, plying her vocation. Altho through the native pastor. her pay was but a pittance, she wrought daily at her hard task for her "Mother, do you love Jesus ?" own livelihood, the education of her "I do," she said, "I do." bright little boy, and for charity. In "How much would you give to winter, when blocks of ice from the Him?" asked the missionarv. streams in the Taurus Mountains came "Oh, missionary," she cried, "I have floating down the river, she still was nothing! Yet alI I earn I give, saving there, laboring with strong arms and only enough for food for this little hoy a stronger love. and myself." "V{auld you give your little boy?" The missionary from Kharput, ma- he asked. king his annllal visit, saw in his con- "He is my all-my life!" she cried. gregation a face that fascinated him. "Think welI of it to-night and In it suffering and sorrow and hope pray," said the missionary. "I reand patience and passionate devotion turn to Kharput to-morrow." seemed to have wrought their perfect And the widow went out, sobbing: work. At the close of the meeting he "My only son, my Thomas!" said to the native pastor, "Bring that The remaining hours of the mis- sionary's visit were very busy ones, woman to me." and when the morning came and his In mean attire and trembling, the horse was saddled, he had forgotten about Thomas, He reproached himwoman stood before him, holding with one hand her little boy. The mission- "F'rom The youth's Companion.

self afterward-, but it was true-he far beyond into the Kurdish mounforgot. The journey was long. The tains to a ;own which, for its Chrismountain torrents were raging. The tian faith in early ages, had been hills were full of brigands. There named Martyropolis. There he bewas so much of preparation for the gan anew the preaching of a Gospel journey, so much of necessary ad- that once made its followers faithful justment of the work of the mission, unto death, and they called him so much of admonition, direction "The Prophet of Kurdistan." and advice, that Thomas and his mother, with the wonderful light in The black year 1895 came round, her eyes, passed wholly from his and with it the awful massacres. mind. But just as he was about to Many thousand Christians gave start, the group of mission workers their lives for their faith. Eight and converts who had assembled to hundred of the members of the bid him farewell divided to make churches entered close to him perroom for her to approach him-and ished. Twenty-seven teachers and there was the mother and Thomas. preachers died at their posts; Thomas was shot and cruelly cut, At the missionary's feet she laid and left for dead. With bleeding the little bundle of clothing on which wounds and broken bones and a she had worked all night. She laid fractured skull they bore him fifteen one hand on her boy's head, and hours' journey-two long days-to with the other pointing upward, said where he could have the protection two words: "Thomas-Christos." of a British consul and the care of a European surgeon. And Thomas, Then she went back to her lonely against all probabilities, recovered. home. But not to a narrowed or mournful life; hers was the joy of Back he went into the mountains one who had made the supreme sac- where he had worked before. He rifice. gathered the scattered, frightened Christians, and inspired them with Thomas developed all those powers new courage and hope. He protectwhich the missionary had discerned in ed the widows; he fed the orphans. promise in his face, and had seen in He gave himself without fear or full development in the face of his brought to hundreds of widows and mother. He led his class. He ad- fatig-ue to a work that brought new vanced by leaps and bounds. He life to crushed and broken hearts. was valedictorian at his graduation. The sacrifice of his own mother bore He pushed straight on in his Bible its abundant fruit in the comfort he orphans, and they called him "The study, and when he graduated he Savior in Kurdistan." went back to his old home, where the mother waited for him, and then FIFTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN HARPUT* BY DR. H. N. BARNUM The mIssIOnary 'field which cen- Turks. The surrounding popUlation ters here is about one-third as large are mostly farmers, all living in vilas all New England. The city itself lages. No city in Turkey is the cenis on a mountain 1,200 feet above a ter of so many Armenian villages, beautiful plain, with the Taurus and most of them as large. Nearly Mountains opposite on the south. thirty can be counted from different Harput has a population of nearly points of the city. We now occupy 20,000, the majority of whom are forty places as out-stations. Once • Condensed from the MisSionary Herald (Boston).

YEARS' PROGRESS IN HARPUT

we occupied sixty, but some have been might read the Bible for themselves.

dropped, partly because there was not Young men were brought to the city sufficient encouragement to continue and taught for several months, and the work, and partly from the lack then sent out to teach others. For of funds, five months during the winter the villagers were at comparative leisure, When I came to Harput, in 1859, so they had time to learn about the there was but one small church; now truth. These young men taught there are twenty-five churches. No school and preached, but during the district in Turkey suffered as badly summer months they were called in during the massacres ten years ago' for more study. In this way the as this, altho the city of Urfa, where first preachers and pastors were pre- some 1,500 or 1,800 were burned in pared for their work, religious foun- the Armenian church, had a larger dations were laid in the cities and single massacre than any other place villages of this field, schools were es- in the country. Along with the massa- tablished, and a thirst for education cres in this region, houses were burned, Was created. This movement has af- the people were stripped of all their fected the whole Armenian com- property; thousands because they re- munity, and they have gradually de- fused to renounce their faith, while veloped a fairly good system of edu- some, to save their lives, became Mo- cation, and to a degree it has also . hammedans. Thousands have emi- influenced the Turks.

grated to America from this district Thirty-six yea1,"s ago a Normal and thousands more would be glad School was established for the sake to go if the Turkish government of supplying better trained· teachers would give them permission. The for the outside schools. This school massacres and this emigration have . gradually broadened until it became had and still have a very depressing the Male Department of Euphrates influence upon our work. After the College. Female education has re- massacres more than $300,000 came quired more push, for it had great· to us from other countries, and were prejudice to overcome; but it has distributed as relief to the sufferers. had steady growth, till now it has The majority of the people are still become very popular, and the col- wretchedly poor, for there is very lege has a Female Department, al- little business and very little chance tho it is not yet "coeducational."

to work. Yet in the midst of all Formerly a woman was ashamed to their poverty the people practise confess that she knew how to read; great self-denial in the effort to sup- now the blush comes to the cheek of port their churches- and schools. For the woman who says that she can not every dollar given through the read.

American Board for this work the All this has led to a great trans- people pay two dollars. If there had formation in the homes of the people.

been no massacres I think that nearly I f I were asked, What is the most every church would now be self- marked proof of the success of the supporting. Several of the churches missionary work? I would point to already receive no aid from us. the elevation of woman and the great There has been a great awaken- change in the family life which has ing in the matter of-education. When taken place around us. The condi- we came here probably not more than tion of the Armenian women differed one person in a hundred knew how very little from that of their Turkish to read. Female education was an neighbors. Now it is delightful to see unheard-of thing. Our first efforts genuine family life among those who were given largely to persuading bear the Christian name. Will you everybody, men, women, and chil- not help us by your gifts and by dren, to learn to read, so that they your prayers?

EDITORIALS

THE WORK OF FAITH AT BRISTOL in various lands. We feel that a The sixty-seventh annual report of work like this should have perma- this work strikes the keynote of nent notice in a Missionary Review.

praise. During the past year, with Quietly, humbly, prayerfully carried no direct appeals save to God, and on, we know of no one institution solely in answer to prayer, the sum founded by a single individual that of .£27,180 ISS. 4d. have been sent has such a long, illustrious, and for the support of the work. This varied history, both of Christian ser- makes the total amount, since Mr. vice and of Christian witness. Mr.

Muller's death, itz36,620, and the F. S. Arnot, of Garenganze fame, total from the commencement of the who undertook for a time the work work, .£ I ,6 I 1,560, or over $8,- of codirection with. Mr. G. F. Ber- 000,000. Nevertheless, the year has gin, has retired from the work after been one of constant trial of faith eight months' service, on the ground and the income for the orphans this that his lack of business training un- year, with the balance in hand, at fits him for the grave responsibilities its beginning, exceeded the outgo- of the position. Meanwhile, Dr.

ing by nearly 250 pounds sterling, George Bergin, formerly of China, and exceeded that of the previous is assisting his father and it is hoped year by nearly 3,500 pounds sterling. that his health may prove sufficient Despite the fact that no large legacies to continue permanently in this rehave come in during the past twelve lation.

months, 184 orphans have been re- A TIMELY GIFT FOR AFRICA ceived this year and 158 provided with outfit and dismissed from the in- In January we had the pleasure of stitution into homes or places of em- forwarding to Rev. Chas. E. Hurlo ployment. The total number of burt, one of our correspondents in British East Africa, a Liverpool draft deaths has been very small, only for $100 from a reader of the RE- eight fatal cases having occurred, or, VIEW. It may encourage other do- less than four per thousand, all due nors to see how singularly the Lord to tuberculosis. There has also been made use of this amount. Mr. Hurl- burt writes under date of July 5: a gracious work of the Holy Spirit among the children, as indeed there has been almost from the beginning. The draft came at a time of peculiar Our readers must remember that need, when funds were short and I know this is emphatically a missionary in- not how God would have supplied had He stitution; that the orphanage work, not seen fit to do it through this kind ofhowever large, has been but one fering. Very humbly do we praise Him branch of a fivefold service, the while we thank heartily the donor for he; other four branches of which are: part in the ministry. I had been back from (I) The maintenance of Christian day America only a short time, accompanied by a new party of missionaries, and with the many expenses involved in the work schools in England and other coun- was at my wits' end, and scanned my mail tries. (2) There has been a wide cir- with the earnest prayer that the money culation of the Word of God. Two millions of Bibles,or parts of the might come. Opening our treasurer's let- Word of God, have been circulated ter, the need was not met. For an instant since 1834- (3) Then there is tract dis- my heart stood almost still, then I repeated tribution. Over a million tracts and Phil. iV:19, and turned again to the work. books have been gratuitously dis- . Then I opened a letter in a strange hand, tributed the past year, and (4) mis- posted at Liverpool, England, containing thhee duplicate draft, sent by the banker. sionary operations and 145 laborers ThiIs met the need, and I praised God, not have been assisted during the year knowing who was the donor until I re- ceived your letter night before last. So God proves us and again shows His eter- nal faithfulness.

Ig06

Now, about our work. This is an inter- actual preaching of the Gospel. In this denominational mission, seeking to work whole country there is not a real indus- to the one end of the evangelization of in- trial school, tho the Roman Catholic mis- land Africa, to plant a chain of stations, sion at Kilmanjaro are doing something beginning about 300 miles inland and reach- along this line. We have 23 with us at ing away to the northwest, along a range, present, and have about reached the limit with some windings, of nearly a thousand of our capacity, keeping" several of these miles, to the Nile, through a high and now in our own homes. Many of our comparatively healthful section of Africa, converts have come from these native boys thickly populated by tribes who have never and girls who have been in the closest re- yet heard the Gospel. I t is our thought to lationship with us, and we trust that a have a central station here at Kijabe, where little later a number of them will prove converts from the other stations shall be useful native evangelists.

sent to receive a thorough industrial edu- Never have we known such fearful sa- cation, such as will fit them for honest, use- tanic opposition as just now. Young men ful Christian citizenship. From among who have professed their faith in Jesus these converts we hope many may be found Christ have been cursed, threatened with who can be used of God as native evan- beating, some have actually been struck, gelists, making each station occupied by others tormented by near relatives in every white missionaries a center from which conceivable way, and yet most of them are shall be sent these native workers, to evan- holding true to God. Two who had made gelize and organize native churches, in a some profession, but whom we had never circle about the central station. Five of felt were sincere enough to be recognized these central stations have already been as Christians, have left us, i.e., going away opened, two more are being opened this from the mission station, but one of them month, and we trust two more may be comes every morning at 7 o'clock to at- opened before the close of this year. tend the daily Gospel meeting, and seems A small beginning has been made in the much moved by the Spirit of God. Polyg- industrial school. Land has been pur- amy is the curse which stands between chased from the government, and one man, them and the things of Christ. Recently with his wife and children, is expected at two young men, who had absented them- the coast the middle of this month to help selves from the mission and the meetings in this work. We are praying that the because they did not want to yield to the equipment for this industrial school, in· claims of Christ, have been constrained cluding tools, machinery, etc., may be pro- to come back and openly, humbly confess vided in the near future. We also hope to Him, stating that they had been filled have, at this central station, a school for with unrest and could find no joy or peace, our missionaries' children. The altitude and now they see that it was God seeking here is over 7,000 feet, and the weather so to draw them to Him. These and many cool and agreeable that they can live here other things seem to indicate that God is as well as in any part of the United States. endeavoring to bring to us a taste of the A beginning has been made in this school; blessing which He is showering upon so our own children have been taught, and many parts of the world. Of course, with after the first of August those of two the tide which seems to be increasing some- or three other families will be included. what, a number come out of mere worldly There is no Protestant school for mission- interests, but there are so many who are aries' children in British East Africa, and manifestly led and blessed of God that our we have been asked many times to provide hearts are filled with joy and eager hope such a place. We trust this may also be for a mighty manifestation of His grace.

a part of God's plan for our work. Two A GIFT FOR THE LORD native converts are now studying in prepa- ration for evangelistic work, and three more " Andrew Fuller once asked an old expect to begin by the first of August. Our working force now numbers 24, friend for money for foreign missions. The friend said: "I will give you while 13 more workers are due to reach us by the middle of August, and another party five pounds, Andrew, seeing it is you."

are planning to leave New York the first Fuller handed it back. "I will take nothing," he said, "seeing it is 1." The week in September. In addition to the man saw the point, and replied: "Anabove work, we have a little group of native orphans, part of whom were taken in the famine of 1899, and others have been drew, you are right. Here are ten entrusted to us by parents or guardians pounds, seeing it is for the Lord since. The sub-commissioner of this province told "me not long ago that he Jesus !"

would send us all the children we would If there be among you a poor man of take, in companies of from 15 to 25, pro- one of thy brethren. . . . Thou shalt vided we would erect buildings and secure open thine hand wide un~o thy brother, to teachers for their industrial training. This thy door, and to thy needy in thy land. is perhaps the sorest need outside of the -Deut. xv. 7, II.

MISSIONARY

MOHAMMEDAN COUNTRIES Mohammedan Missionaries The Vast Proportions of Islam The attention of the German gov- ernment and of the missionary socie- Little does the average Christian ties at work in the German colonies apprehend the territorial extent to in Africa has been directed to the which Mohammedanism has attained, strong efforts now making in behalf or the prodigious numbers of its ad- of the spread of Islam. More than herents. From the Atlantic on the 400 Mohammedan missionaries have west it holds a prominent place been sent out from the Mohammedthrough two continents, across 125 an cloisters in North Africa during degrees of longitude, or some 7,000 the past year, and lOO of these were miles, to Malaysia. A conservative destined for East Africa. These misestimate puts the number of Moslems sionaries are exceedingly zealous and at 200,000,000, divided roughly as fanatical. They occupy all territory ioflows: India, 68,000,00;); Africa, where Christian missionaries are not 58,000,000; China, 20,000,000; Turk- yet at work, and they do great harm ish Empire, r8,000,000; Malaysia to the weak Christians in the mission- (Java and Sumatra) , 30 ,000,000 ; ary field. Mohammedanism favors Russia, 15,000,000; and Persia, 8,000,- polygamy and the negroes want many 000. That is, about one-seventh of wives, because the men are lazy and the earth's land surface feels the use their wives to till the soil for them blighting effect of the teaching of the and provide eating and drinking. "Prophet" of Arabia, and also one V"henever Mohammedanism enters a seventh of the population of the heathen locality, the work of the Chrisglobe. No doubt, in Islam Chris- tian missionary is made much more tianity finds its sturdiest foe. difficult.

A Moslem on the Outlook for Islam ASIA A very interesting letter on "The Superstition in Turkey Sultan and the Pan-Islamic Movement," written by a nephew of Abdul When the first missionaries visited Hamid, appeared recently in the Lon- Marsovan, Asia Minor, the old Ardon Times. The writer foreshadows menian churches were Christian in a brighter future for the Turkish little else than name. The people, Empire. Education is rapidly spread- like all the rest of Turkey, feared the ing among the younger population of evil eye, and wore amulets and the towns, while in the country the charms to break its power. They peasants are showing a new spirit put branches of a thorny plant of independence. Qut of the blend- across their chimneys in the form of ing of these elements, the intellec- a cross to prevent witches from comtual and the agricultural, a new Tur- ing down and strangling the little key will arise, a liberal, peaceful, pro- children. A person sick of malaria gressive Turkey. The Prince thinks sought relief by visiting a sacred that Pan-Islamism has no hold on the grave, offering a prayer through the future. The intellectual outlook of intercession of the saint buried there, the younger men is quite up to date. and tying a rag to a bush near by, with the hope of returning home "It is not on ground thus prepared leaving his disease enchained to the and cleared henceforth of every holy spot. I have often seen scrubby germ of fanaticism that the seed of trees with hundreds, and even thoua reactionary and anti-European sands of rags. The stones flung policy can ever succeed in striking about the foot of the tree are suproot." posed to secure "travelers' luck." tempt for Christians, tore out leaves To the Anatolian the earth, air, and from this Bible and threw dirt upon sky are peopled with spirits benig- it. The bookseller, Salim, thereupon nant and malignant, and the casting complained to the police and the of a stone upon a sacred heap, it is young hoodlums were arrested.

hoped, will win the favor of the one In a Mohammedan country it is a class and bind the spells of the other. very serious offense to show disre- Under such superstitions men pass spect to a holy book. The Koran their days "in bondage through fear." everywhere speaks of the Pentateuch, GEORGE E. WHITE. the Psalms, and the Gospels as holy; Minions in Palestine and Syria consequently these young fellows were in pretty serious plight on There are in Palestine and Syria being taken before the court. The 327 missionaries (exclusive of wives) lawyer who defenc1ed the lads made working in the American, English, the point that the Bi1;>le is not holy. and German societies in these lands. The one spoken of in the Koran bav- The native agents would swell the ing become lost, this Bible is an orlist to many times its size. A very dinary book which none are bound to large proportion of the whole are en- respect. Upon this, Salim, the bookgaged in educational and medical seller, who is himself a converted work. The American staff of the Mohammedan from Zanzibar and well educated in Mohammedan law, great Syrian Protestant College in addressed the court. He used his Beirut contributes 3I names to the opportunity for all that it was worth, total. telling the Mohammedan judges what the Bible teaches and why it is Of the 33 societies with which these mission agents are connected, the United States is represented by to be accepted as the Book of God. All were much interested. The prethe Syrian Protestant CoIlege, the siding judge gave judgment in favor Presbyterian Board, the largest and of the Bible, and sentenced the unbest organized mission in Syria; the happy young fellows to three months' Reformed Presbyterian; the Friends imprisonment, altho thebookseIof New England, and the Christian ler begged for mercy to be shown Missionary Alliance. Great Britain them on account of youth and ignosupports three Church of England Societies, eight Presbyterian and six non- rance. Such a decision from a Mosectarian missions, not to mention sev- hammedan court is interesting. Since this episode no one has molested the eral independent workers; eight Ger- Bible that stands outside the bookman missionary committees, mostly store in Suez; many a Mohammedan, Lutheran, and one Danish, make up however, has stopped to read it.- the total. The Church Missionary So- Bible Society Record. ciety, with a staff of about 60 English workers, is the largest agency working A BeDev~lent Moslem Woman in Palestine. Their work is educa- tional, medicinal, and evangelistic. A gift almost without a parallel The Arabic Bible in Court has been made to the hospital in Teheran, Persia. It is the sum of The Arabic Bible has been before $2,000 from a Mohammedan woman the courts in Egypt in a curious case. of high position who, having ob- The Egypt General Mission has a served the good work done under bookstore in Suez. Outside of the Dr. Wishard's management and realdoor a Bible is kept in an open case izing that much more might be done for passersby to read. Last summer for her suffering countrywomen, has some Mohammedan lads, for a joke offered this money for the erection and as an expression of their con- of a woman's ward. To carry this new ward requires new funds, and main enslaved to the customs of society. no sooner was this need made known I shall never forget a scene lance beheld than, for the purpose of' relieving it in the house of a Brahman lad who wished and moved by a desire to meet half- to be baptized; his mother shrieked out in way the gift of this Persian woman, an agony of grief and anger: "I don't care Mrs, Cyrus H. McCormick, of Chicago, added another $2,000 to her what he believes! I don't care what he already generous annual contribu- worships! He may worship that pot, he tion to Teheran Hospital. So beauti- may call that pot God if he likes! But why fully East meets West, and who should he dishonor the family? Why doubts that the Lord Jesus blesses should he break his caste?" And six both gifts?-Woman's Work. months of rigorous imprisonment under lock and key in his own house was the means brought to curb this young free- thinker and prevent him following his conscience.

The .. Impossible" Has Come to Pass The Indian Christian Newspaper When Bishop Thoburn went out The first number of a new paper, to India as a missionary thirty-eight under the above name, is before us. years ago, a certain "wise" Euro- Its natal place is Calcutta. It is to be a monthly for the present, and pean gentleman pointed to a brick starts out at four pages. The price pillar and said, "You might as well undertake to make a Christian out of is twelve annas. :U comes nicely that pillar as out of these people." And, behold, to-day not far from printed and attractive in appearance. 3,000,000 native Christians in that It is published under the auspices of same peninsula, and among them the Indian Christian Association, judges, lawyers, physicians, editors, Bengal. A warm welcome is exteachers, men of business, etc., com- tended to this the youngest member manding the highest respect and of the circle of Christian journals in wielding wide influence! India. Its leading editorial thus deals with its own purpose and plans: Hindu Tolerance and Intolerance Like _ the Indian Christian Associa- tion, to which it owes its birth, this A writer in the Harvest Field thus journal will make it its duty "to sums up his experience as to the atti- watch, protect and promote the intertude of educated Hindus toward ests of Indian Christians of all de- nominations" in the province. It Christianity: will not be the organ of any parti- cular body of Christians, and will I think I may sum up my impressions strenuously endeavor to avoid disof the attitude of the Hindu mind to cussing all those matters, which-im- Christianity under two antitheses: (I) portant as they certainly are in their They are most tolerant, and the most in- own sphere, and accounting as they tolerant people I have ever met. (2) They do for our unhappy divisions-are have a strong admiration for the person by common consent best kept in the of Jesus Christ, and equally strong unwill- background in the conduct of a ingness to admit His supreme claims, Every journal, which desires to be truly one who has any acquaintance with the representative of the whole commu- Hindu understands what I mean by saying nity.-Indian Witness. that they are at once tolerant and intolerant. Their mental attitude is one of Volunteers Needed in the Punjab r~markable tolerance; they are delighted to diSCUSS and are ready even to admire and "A Strategic Point in the World's mentally adopt new religious truths; they Conquest – Volunteers Needed" is allow to each individual thinker the utmost the significant title to a paper which freedom of thought. On the other hand, was recently received by the Church they are utterly intolerant in practise; they Missionary Society of England. will not permit any onc of their number to signed by twelve Punjab and Sindh exercise liberty of conscience in carrying and Kashmir missionaries engaged out the precepts of the creed in which he has come to believe in any matter which affects that body of external social and religious rules, which are comprised in caste; no measures too strong can be found to compel such a freethinker to rein educational work. They appeal power, and similar virtues, which Christians for more help in that great depart- have acquired by no other source than by their faith. It is only the want of moral ment of missionary effort. The wri- courage to cut off the deep-rooted social customs of many centuries that keeps the ters, with enthusiasm, point out the educated Hindu under the shadow of Hinduism. Christianity may be false and value of the conversion of the sturdy Hinduism may be true, but India: is rapidly moving on to the path of Christianity, and races of the north in the evangeliza- no human power can resist fate. tion of India. The Church Mission- The Gospel Mighty to Redeem ary Society has between 4,000 and 5,000 pupils in nine High Schools In a sermon in Madras Cathedral, Bishop Whitehead, speaking from and one College in the Punjab and a11 experience of twenty-two years Northwest Frontier Province, and in India, said: the educational missionaries say: The power of Christ to purify and ele- vate the character is just as manifest in We do not claim that school and college India as it is in Europe. Taking a broad work has the romance of that of a pioneer view of the Christian community throughmissionary, but we feel that it presents an out India, there can be no doubt that it absolutely unique opportunity for the build- is advancing rapidly in education, in charing up of character, and for presenting the acter, and in all that makes for social Gospel of Jesus Christ in such a way that progress. . . . Among the converts the full meaning of Evangel may be clearly from the lower strata of Hindu society the understood and intelligently accepted. We effect of Christianity is remarkable. . . . unhesitatingly affirm our belief that in that I have visited village after village where great day, when India shall become one the Christians, of pariah origin, are the of the jewels in the diadem of Jesus Christ, best educated and most moral class in the it will be found that mission schools and community. And I feel sure that, when colleges have been used of God to take no the whole 2,000,000 pariahs are converted insignificant part in that blessed result. to Christianity they will be raised from the bottom right up to the top of the A Hindu View of India's Cry social scale, and form a marvelous wit- ness to the power of Christ, such as no One who signs himself. "A Hin- age has seen since the days of the Apos- tles. . . . It is no vain dream that, du," in a long letter to a Calcutta within this present century, India will be- come a Christian land, inspired by Chrisnative newspaper, writes: tian ideals and dominated by Christian principles. The Bengalis have raised a general cry to obtain something by means of what they Serious Floods in China call the Swadeshi Movement, and it is not to be denied that all educated India is There has been a most disastrous echoing behind them. But if we truly try flood in the Province of Hu-nan, all to get an inner sight of the state of things along the valley of the Hsiang River. with them, we must ask ourselves, "What At Chang-sha, the capital, the water are these men crying for?" My answer registered a rise of over 44 feet is that they are crying for Christianity. on the Custom's mark, so that this My countrymen will probably laugh at this idea, but no amount of laughing can alter and many others of the cities along the rapid progress of the world, and truth the valley have suffered very secan not be concealed any longer. It must verely, some of them being largely be admitted that young India has already under water. It appears that many been Christianized in manl senses, and of the Mission stations have been specially in the sense that it is clamoring for the rights of the Christians in a purely partially submerged, the workers Christian-like way. They are urging upon having to take refuge in the upper the government to vest them with powers stories. The loss of life and distress which have devolved on Christians only among the Chinese, with their less since thQ commencement of the Christian substantial buildings, must have been era in India. Young India is growing more and more Christian and progressing enormous. Unfortunately the disrapidly toward complete Christianity, al- tress is not limited to house property, tho unknowingly. But speaking frank- but, if the reports are correct, the ly, there are yet many Christian elements wanting in them, and their obtaining Christian rights and privileges depends upon the completeness of those elements in Indian life. The teachings of Jesus Christ, who was a~ Asiatic Himself, not only prescribed attendmg churches, preaching gospels, and prayers, but courage, self-help, civilization,

crops have, in large tracts of coun- extremity. The old examination hall try, been absolutely ruined. in which generations of men have A relief committee has been fonned in China, and every effort is gotten their degrees either by their being made to assist those who are in distress. We note that the mer- knowledge or their skill in cheating, chants of Han-kow have already raised a sum of 60,000 taels for this is now being dismantled and the purpose, and the local officials have expressed their appreciation of the stones are being taken to the site of efforts being made by the missionaries to alleviate the sufferings of the the new high school. All the older people.-China's Millions. men are debarred from the entrance Some Interesting Statistics examinations to the new schools and There are now in connection with the China Inland Mission, 849 mis- their only hope now is in their sons. sionaries, with I,282 Chinese helpers, The emphasis in the new curric- 394 of whom are unpaid. There are 205 central stations, 632 out-stations, ul~m is on English and foreign 827 chapels connected with 475 or- sCIence. Great numbers of books ganized churches. From the com- dealing with these subjects have been mencement of the work ~1,648 per- sold which the students take to their sons have been baptized in connec- homes to study, for only a verv limtion with the Mission's work, of ited number of boys can be -taken whom I4,078 remain in fellowship at into the government schools. As a the .present time, while many have result of this eagerness for things "fallen asleep." During the year fo.rei&,n we are having dozens of ap- 1905, 2,541 persons were baptized. phcatIOns for entrance into our Mis- There are 66 boarding schools with sion school. Considerably more than 1,166 pupils, and 122 day schools a hundred desirable students have with 1,83 I scholars. There are also been turned away by us for lack of 7 h~loOsppiittaallss,, 37 dispensaries, and lor room. Desiring to take as many of opIiUum refuges. t~ese boys and young men as po§- SIble, we have turned into a dormi- The foIlowing comparative table tory an old Buddhist convent which shows at a glance the progress of was recently purchased by the misthe work from the commencement: sion and which adjoins our present property here in Kiungchow, the C.I.M. 1875 1885 1895 '905 capital.

— — — 841 It is almost impossible to empha- size too strongly the unbounded op- Mission aHreilepser. ~ : : . : 52 225 . 641 1,282 p~rt~nity to influence the youth of Native 75 II7 462 thIS Island. They come to the Mis- 106 260 837 sion school for arithmetic and geogstations, Out-stations . 52 '4,078 raphy and English, but we also give Communicants. . . . . 1,655 5,2]I them the Gospel of Christ and our 85 827 emphasis g on that. It brings a COhrgapaenlisz..ed.CC.hh.'uu.rrcc.hh.ee'ss.:. .:. 28 259 475 class of Chinese within our reach Bapti>ed from Com· 55 154 21,648 which we have had much difficulty in approaching before, high graduates mencement 2,026 8,018 and their sons, the most influential men in the community. Brightening Skies in Hainan To meet the present conditions Rev. C. H. Newton tells, in the As- and to keep pace as far as possible sembly Herald, of some remarkable with the opportunity, our Presbvchanges which are now taking place terian mission is pushing the educ~­ in Hainan. The revolution in literary tional work. A new building for the matters which has so violently sha- school work has been provided by ken the dragon is causing remarkable the generosity of friends in Amercontortions in that animal's furthest ica, and the Paxton Training School is now in process of erection. The Day of Privllege in China war. The viceroy of Manchuria has "Now is the day of privilege in Chi- also manifested a most friendly inna," says Dr. Ament of Peking. "We terest in the missionary work IQf do not know what a day may bring Dr. Christie. "This viceroy"-Chao forth. Are we to have a San Francisco earthquake, or are the new ideas Ershun-Dr. Christie writes, "has and methods to take their places quiet- shown great interest in the matter ly as part of a new regime? Like a (erecting a hospital building), and mighty tidal wave new ideas are pour- to-day he handed me a check for ing into China, and the old system is 4,000 taels (nearly three thousand hopelessly doomed. The cl"y now is dollars), and he may yet be able to for Confucianism as a state religion. add to this. The American consul- They realize that there must be some- general has been here for a few thing to which the people can look as days, and last night I was invited a formal demonstration of the fact that along with him to dine with the they are a religious people. They try viceroy. He spoke very kindly of to patch up this Confucian system to make it appear like a religion, for fear the medical work that has been done the nation in its desire for worship for over twenty years, and said he will turn to the Christianity of the for- was very anxious to help in every eigners. While many officials in Peking can now support four-wheeled way he can. This shows a wonder- ful change in the attitude of the highest officials toward us and our work, for which we thank God."

carriages drawn by foreign horses, yet What Japan Wants of Missionaries they have a tremendous dread of asso- ciation with foreigners or of seeming The Kirisutokyo Sekai, of January to adopt foreign ways. Our main IS, says in an article entitled "What streets will soon be fairly well paved; We Expect from the Missionaries": already a splendid building on Vest- "There is not one of us but acknowlern models is in process of erection for edges how much the success of the the foreign office. Schools are the recent movement is to be attributed order of the day, and all varieties are to the insight, the greatmindedness, springing into existence. Our churches the generosity and the persistent are now growing at a rapid rate, and efforts of the missionaries concerned. if we hold our own this year I think But now that they have contributed we shall be doing well. The schools so much toward the inauguration of for the special training of Christian an entirely new state of things in our workers are more in demand than ever church, we trust they will give us before. The most encouraging fea- all the assistance they possibly can in ture with us is the Home Missionary the work that has to be done. There should henceforth be no unfriendli- Society, of which the people take hold ness between the foreign and the with some degree of enthusiasm. We Japanese workers. Race distinctions hope that this Society will gradually should melt away. It may be said take hold of. all the outstation work that the missionaries who have been and be largely in native hands."

Friendly Chinese Viceroys instrumental in effecting the great change are all Japanicized, and hence W e have made reference to the we think they will work in perfect liberal sen timents of Yuan Shih Kai, harmony with us. They are now viceroy of Chihli, who is one of the honorary members of our 'Church, but most influential men in all China. there is nothing to prevent them This man has expressed his thanks. from becoming ordinary members if to Dr. Christie, the Free Church they are so disposed. They could missionary at Mukden, in Man- hold office in the native churches if churia, for his services during the they pleased. It does not seem to us that there will be any further need AFRICA for their existence as a separate body supported by a foreign missionary so- The Kongo Situation ciety. It is a fact that the missionaries possess a knowledge of theology The friends of Africa have reason and Scripture exegesis which is most for satisfaction in the appointment by valuable to our churches, and as or- the American government of a conganizers of various societies their as- sul-general to the Kongo State, an sistance can not be dispensed with action authorized by the Senate on without loss. the initiative of Secretary Root. For the first time the United States will As for the missionaries themselves, have now its own official representait is most important that their future tive in this great territory. The new_ work should all be carried on in con- consular relation should result in senection with the native churches, or curing official attention to the wrongs by degrees the same state of things perpetrated and the appointment will as has existed for years, and which safeguard American mission interhas only now been got rid of, will be ests, and it will secure to our governcreated again. ment first-hand information as to general conditions III the Kongo Japan's Confessed Debt to Christianity State.

Dr. Gulick, of the Doshisha fac- Meanwhile King Leopold is conulty, speaking in London lately, tributing powerfully to promotion of quoted Marquis Ito and other leading the movement by which his adminis- Japanese statesmen as confessing the tration must soon be brought to an debt of the island empire to not only ipternational reckoning. The indigifestern civilization, but to Chris- nation aroused by the report made tianity. The Sunrise Kingdom has by his Commission of Inquiry conlearned that Occidental progress is cerning the shocking conditions mainly due to the Gospel, and the under his rule is intensified by the sagacious men of the Orient, con- publication by the king of a scheme trasting the stagnation and retrogres- of so-called reforms, based prosion of China and Tibet and Korea fessedly upon the findings of this and Siam with the steady and rapid commission. By the press of Engmarch of Britain and America, see land and America, almost without that there must be something more exception, the reforms are prothan what is loosely called "civiliza- nounced evasive, superficial and thortion," or even "education," to ac- oughly inadequate, while in Belgium count for the difference. Not a few a large and influential section of the even of the Japanese predict that the king's former supporters is now Christian religion will be adopted as alienated and his policy is condemned the state religion, if only to promote in terms indicative of strong indignanational advance. Says a Japanese tion and shame. As if determined writer: that both local and international feel- ing shall be fanned to a white heat, "We have three religions in Japan: the king accompanies the announce- Buddhism, Shintoism, and Christian- ment of his proposed reforms with ity. Shintoism consists chiefly of an- an address, made nominally to three cestral worship and lives in the past, members of his administration but Buddhism looks only to the future. designed as a final rejoinder to his But neither of them has anything to critics in all lands, in which he do with the present. Christianity is affirms that he is sole proprietor in an up-to-date religion; it is intensely the Kongo State and may do as he concerned with the present while at chooses with its revenues and its the same time it embraces the past people. Apparently the king is oband hopefully looks forward to the livious of the warning of the old future." proverb, "Whom the gods would See that the editors of your newspapers destroy they first make mad."-Bap- keep the subject of Kongo reform to the front. Speak tentatively to the officers of tist Missionary Magazine. your religious and literary societies and clubs with reference to their participation " What Can We Do for Koogo ~eform? " in some form in our coming campaign.

Herbert S. Johnson writes as fol- In the fourth place, if you know of a large convention of any kind, that is to be lows in reply to this question: held, secure a place on the program for Kongo Reform. If you will secure us an Many thousands of the people of the opportunity to take membership pledges, United States, who six months ago knew or a good collection, we will probably be nothing of the abuses in the Kongo .State, able to send you a first-class speaker .with- are now informed and thoroughly mdlg- out expense to you. A Kongo Reform nant. The newspapers have also changed meeting will stimulate your convention their front, and to cap the climax King and help the cause greatly. Leopold himself has recently greatly as- sisted us. By his ridiculous and arrogant The Gospel in Morocco attitude, which he has assumed in his recent edicts of reform toward the signa- Morocco is one of the earth's tory powers of the. Confe,rence of B.erlin, tracts, considered as a field for the to which he owes hiS Afncan sovereignty, sowing of Gospel seed, tho no less he has invited the intervention which must than 6 societies are carrying on work result in the downfall of his government. within its bounds. The British and Foreign Bible Society employs 2 Under these circumstances. it seems plain agents and 3 natives; the North that a swift, strong movement, participated Africa Society has 6 men, 5 marin by all the members of the Kongo Re- ried and IS unmarried women, with form Association throughout the United 13 native helpers; the South Mo- States, must result in action by our govern- rocco Mission 8 men, 6 married and ment within a few months' time. I would 5 unmarried women; and a fourth therefore urge upon individuals ~h.e a~: society has 8 men, with 4 married solute importance of personal activity m and I unmarried women. the following particulars: MiI.ion, in Africa First and foremost, write immediately a short personal note to the Secretary of All missionary societies at work in State at Washington, and induce your Africa have now in round numbers friends to do the same. No matter if you 1,000 principal Mission stations, with have done so before. or that the Secretary about 5,000 out-stations. Neverthehimself is absent from Washington, your less, fully one-half of the population second protest and appeal for action by our are still beyond the reach of any misgovernment will be quite as strong as the sion efforts.-Spirit of Missions. first, and your letter will be p!aced on file in the State Department. Wnte the same Disputation Unprofitable kind of letter to your two Senators and to your Representative in Congress. Bring to At the recent conference in Cairo, bear all possible legitimate influences upon Egypt, more especially with reference your Congressmen to interest them in the to work in Moslem land (but well movement which is bound to be promment worth heeding everywhere), these 5 next winter in Washington. rules were propounded: In the second place, secure new members 1. Never begin, or provoke a controfor the Kongo Reform Association. Get versy. your minister to preach upon Kongo Reform and while the people are interested 2. Conduct controversy only occasiontake' their names for membership. The ally, and when fully fit and qualified both small membership fee of $1.00 a year physically and mentally. brings with it literature, including Mark Twain's last book. Send molley secured 3. Never decline to remove misunderfor memberships, or given direct for the standings, even if discussion should lead continuance of the campaign, to John Carr, to controversy. treasurer, Kongo Reform Association, Room 7IO, Tremont Temple, Boston. 4. Never accept controversy from igno- rant or gross minds on any tr!Y1ns. In the third place, if you know of some particularly good speaker, who is interested 5. Lift up all controversy to the highin Kongo Reform and who might be avail- est level, and make it an occasion for a able for a speaking campaign in your state declaration of the Gospel. next fall, please send his name to the. secretary of our Association. Will you have such a campaign in mind, and endeavor to prepare the people of your locality for it?

A New Station in West Africa The chief subjects of discussion were missionary cooperation and native Dr. Wellman and Mr. Ennis, of education. An important result was Kamundongo, West Central Africa, the establishment of a board of arbihave recently opened a new station, tration of seven misSionaries, to to be called Mt. Elende, from a which all cases of proselytizing or mountain of that name. From its unnecessary overlapping of mission summit the missionaries counted work could be referred. In regard more than a hundred villages, each to the proposed government native with at least 100 inhabitants, making college, the general opinion seemed a population of over IO,OOO in sight. to be that the greater present need is The country stretching away to the a more thorough and. practical west and north is even more densely system of elementary education for settled, and the people are not only the natives, beginning with the verfriendly, but are ready to be taught. nacular. Should this native college The new station is established at an be entirely secular it is evident that altitude of between 6,000 and 7,000 the cooperation of the missionaries feet, and is five good days' journey will be withheld. The next conferfrom Bailundu. No Portuguese are ence meets three years hence at within a day's travel, and a great Bloemfontein. opportunity lies before these devoted workers. A Remarkable Baptism in Uganda The Banganda as Church Builders C. V. Hattersley, of the Mengo High School, Uganda, writes that The C. M. S. Intelligencer gives a twenty years after Bishop Hanningconcrete illustration of the practical ton gave his life for the Church of help of industrial work on mission Christ, the martyr's son is proclaimfields: ing the Savior's love to the Baganda and Basoga. At Thunguri, East Africa, the schoolroom, which holds only 200, has been so Little did the bishop imagine what crowded that it was decided to build a a sweet revenge that son would be church. Whereupon the boys of the Mis- able to take. Mr. Hattersley says: sion boarding-school built a brick church to hold 400. This they did entirely them- Luba, the old chief in Busoga, who carselves, altho 200' members of the congre- ried out King Mwanga's orders, and acted gation went to the bamboo forest, seventeen as the murderer of Bishop Hannington, is miles away, to fetch bamboos for the roof. still a leading chief of Busoga, and still a A new church has just been opened at heathen, tho he occasionally attends Entebbe (Uganda). Here the lectern is a church. Some months ago Luba's son, togift from the boys of the industrial Mis- gether with several other sons of various sion. They made it themselves. chiefs in Busoga, came to live in the Mis- sion station. After a very short time there A Milsionary Conference in South Africa friendly pressure was brought to bear on Luba, and he agreed to pay the fee and While posts of British South allow his son, whose name was Mubinyo Africa are disturbed by the uprising ("very bad boy") to be entered as a boardamong the Zulus and the mission- er in Mengo High School. During his ary work is thus almost at a stand- fifteen months' residence there Mubi has still, some twenty representatives of been prepared for baptism, and was, on the thirty or more Protestant Missionary Societies working among April 8, baptized by the Rev. J. Hanningthe natives of South Africa met in conference at Johannesburg (July ton, in Namirembe Cathedral. Mubi has taken the name of Timothy 5-12). The chairman was Rev. J. S. and if one may judge of what he will be Moffat, son of the great missionary. from present signs, the boy will prove a Among the societies represented fitting holder of the name of the famous were 4 German, 6 or 7 English, be- early servant of Christ. Of the !O3 boys sides American, French, Swiss, Dutch in this school none shows greater promise Reformed, Scandinavian, and Scotch. than Timothy. Amiable, cleanly, pains- taking, clever, and, above all, truly anxious to follow the Savior.

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 79

Episcopalian Gifts to Missions tries can produce, while the theolog- ical have 142 able students. Episcopalian churches in the United States for the past year or In various missions preparatory two have been asked by their do- schools, including all grades, are mestic and foreign missionary so- some 63,000 boys and girls under cieties to give specific amounts, pro- Christian instruction. Besides colportioned to the supposed individual leges for boys, are 5 collegiate instifinancial ability. The figures show tutions for girls, with nearly 500 stu- that for the ten months ending with dents. July I, 58 per cent. of the sum asked for had been received. This does not Secretary Barton regards these include offerings from Sunday-schools higher collegiate and theological inor from missionary societies. The stitutions as indispensable for the per- Churchman learns – that the diocese manency of every form of direct evanof New York has made a better gelistic work. Without well-trained record than the rest of the country, native Christian leaders in every prohaving raised 70 per cent. of its ap- fession, and especially as leaders in portionment, despite the fact that of the· Church and in education, there the 225 congregations 85 contrib- can be no permanent self-governing, uted nothing. The wealthy parishes, and self-perpetuating native Chrisas a rule, come nearer meeting the tian church or society. These schools mark than the parishes composed of provide the leaders. people of poor or moderate circumstances. Suggestive, indeed, are all Methodist Protestant Missions these figures. The first impression derived from them is that· city One of the denominations about churches are the chief reliance 6f the to merge its interests with the Conmissionary enterprise and that among gregational churches and the United them the wealthiest churches are the Brethren under a new name is the largest givers, as should be the case. Methodist Protestant. Apparently, apportionment in the Episcopal Church has failed, chiefly The agencies of its missionary acin rural districts and among the tivities have disbursed $500,000 for poorer churches. This may be due missionary work, about four-fifths of it to an overestimate of the ability of in the' foreign field. With about these churches by the apportioning $100,000 the Home Board has helped board, or it may be due to less care- to establish and maintain 73 churches, ful nurture of thptn.-The Congre- with property worth $500,000 and gationalist. 6,600 members, paying pastors' sal- aries amounting to $25,000, and con- Educallonal Work of the American Board tributing to all purposes over $80,000 annually. Fresh statistics indicate that the American Board is not only a mis- }apan is at present its only foreign sionary organization, but a large and field, but arrangements are being ~ar-reac~ing educational society. Of made to send 4 missionaries to China Its 25 higher educational institutions very soon. for men, carried on by its missionaries in Mexico, Japan, ·China, Africa, Home Missions in Boston Ceylon, India, Turkey, and Bulgaria, 13. a.re collegiate, giving a classical Among other forms of work, the trammg, and 12 theological, preparing Massachusetts Home Missionary students for the Christian ministry. Society maintains a service for The collegiate schools have in attend- Greeks in Pilgrim Hall, Boston, on ance over 3,000 of the brightest and Sunday afternoons under the leaderbest trained young men these coun- ship of a Greek minister, Rev. Ste: phen Vaitses. A Greek brotherhood has been formed with IS' members.

In the same place an Armenian serv- ice is held on Sunday mornings with

an attendance of about seventy-five. Southwark district of that city each The Society has a general mission- year for the last twenty-two years ary at work among Turkish-speak- Mr. Fegan has gathered a party of ing Armenians in Greater Boston. boys, trained them for work and It helps to publish the Gotchnag, the sent them to Canada, where they only Armenian religious newspaper are distributed from Toronto in in this country, which circulates country homes. The entire cost of from the Atlantic to the Pacific. It sending out a boy and placing him has 2 Italian workers in the North in a home is $50. lfany of· these End and a Norwegian church in the boys have now reached manhood South End. It has a French church, and are successful young farmers, meeting in the chapel of the Central business of professional men. Over Congregational Church, which helps 300 of them have sent back the cost to support a French Young Wom- of their transportation, and in all en's Home and a Y. W. C. A. Sev- more than $25,000 have been coneral Finnish preachers are at work tributed by them to Mr. Fegan "to under the auspices of the society in give some other poor fellow a different parts of the city. It has a chance in life." A party of 100 boys Swedish minister for the Scandi- have just started from London for navian seamen coming into port. He Canada. meets all Scandinavian immigrants, and has charge of the Scandinavian The Viceroy's Tribute-a Correction Seaman's and Immigrants' Home on Webster Street. The Society had Our attention has been called to a work among the Syrians which it the quotation from. the speech of handed over to the Baptists, as there Tuan Fong, Viceroy of Tukien and is not room at present for two de- Che Kiang, which appeared in the nominations to work among them. August REVIEW (p. 631). This was erroneously stated to have been Testimony to Labrador Missions made at the welcome banquet in New York whereas in reality it was Sir William MacGregor, the Gov- quoted from his words, spoken durernor of Newfoundland, last year ing a visit to the rooms of the visited Labrador, which is one of the American Board in Boston, as redependencies of that colony, and in ported in the Missionary Herald. his official report of the visit of his The viceroy's remarks refer espe- Excellency writes: cially to the good work done by the American Board missionaries. It does not seem to me that very much more can be done in the way of tuition for Dr. Barton writes that more men the Innuit race than is now being carried and women are needed to reinforce out by the Moravians. The proportion of their stations than can be found. persons that could read would certainly compare very favorably with that of sev- The Oldest Woman's Society eral white communities known to me. On the Innuit coast there is no prison, no A paragraph in the August REVIEW police, no magistrate. But it would not gave to the Women's Missionary appear that these adjuncts of civilization, Society of the First Presbyterian necessary elsewhere, are required there, so Church in Newark, the honor of befar as the maintenance of order is con- ing the oldest woman's foreign mis- ·cerned.. The moral control of the mission, sionary society in America. This which has been so effective in the past, society was organized in 1835. Now would appear to be sufficient at the pres- we receive a communication from ent time. Mrs. H. W. Wheelock, of Cromwell, Connecticut, saying that the Ladies' Dr. Barnado's Donation to Canada Association for Foreign Missions in Upper Middletown (now Cromwell) Rescue work pays. Mr. Barnado's London work has long been known in America. Here is a less-known illustration. Out of the slums of the

I 906] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

is a year older, having been organized their lives happy, is the best means within in September, I834. human reach tending toward their emanci- pation; A Petition for Peru Indl2l.ns 6. That in order to give so great an un- David F. Watkins, for thirty-four dertaking its needed impulse, it becomes years, a missionary in Mexico, has re- necessary to make an appeal to the great cently visited Peru. He was instru- philanthropists of Evangelical lands; mental in the foundation of the two first Christian churches in the interior Agreed of that country. During his stay at To appoint Mr. David Watkius, an hon- Cuzco and Arequipa he became in- orable apostle of the Gospel, as representatimately -acquainted with the miser- tive of the Arequipa branch of the Inca Evangelical Society in foreign countries, able condition of the descendants of principally in the United States and in the once proud Inca Empire, and when England, especially in London; authorizing leaving the country wrote a letter to him to raise financial assistance and solicit the church members of Arequipa, in- moral support wherever he may think it voking them to do what they could to most convenient, to the end of carrying to evangelize these down-trodden people. the Quechua Indians the Gospel in its sim- plicity, and employing teachers and school- The appeal was earnestly responded masters who will take the initiative in a new era of civilization about to dawn to by a number of the church mem- among the unhappy descendants of this hisbers, who eventually decided to start toric empire. an "Inca Evangelical Sooiety" and drew up a most interesting petition, EDUARDO F. FORGA, President which was signed by 760 gentlemen in EUSEBIO S. CABELLO, Secretary. Peru, some of them lawyers and doc- Arequipa, Peru, July 25, 1905, tors and men in pro~inent positions, and others of them plain workingmen. To this touching appeal Mr. Wat- Many of these have revolted from the kins has nobly responded. He sold a degraded form of Romanism which number of valuable manuscripts relathey see around them, tho they have ting to the story of the Inquisition in not been brought into contact with the Mexico in order to be able to pay his saving principles of the Gospel. Some way to England and sound the Maceof them would call themselves atheists danian cry in British ears. Senor and some agnostics; but it is very sig- Forga determined, to accompany him nificant that they have openly declared on his journey, as President of the themselves as sympathizers with the Arequipa Branch. movement brought into existence by the simple band of Christian souls in The Earthquake and Mialion. in .chili Arequipa and Cuzco. The petition The disaster in Chili has eclipsed reads as follows: that in California in extent and loss of life. Such experiences forcefully Considering impress us with the uncertainty of life and the unstability of all material 1. That the Peruvian Indians are in a things including the earth, once called "terra firma." Much suffering has most lamentable condition from the intel- followed earthquake and flame and many have contributed to the relief lectual, moral and social standpoint; fund. The Methodist and Presby- terian missions supported from the 2. That it is a sacred duty of patriotism United States and manned with our Protestant preachers and teachers. and humanity to save Indians from so indicate limited loss of property ami no loss of life among the missionabject and sad a state; aries. In these days of investment of dividends, when surplus wealth 3. That Romanism, after four centuries above daily needs is frequently abun- dant, practical aid given to Chilians of labor, has proved its impotence to ele- through the missions to them will be worth while. The Presbyterian vate the Peruvian Indians; 4. That the means employed by the gov- ernment up to the present time, with the object of civilizing the two millions of In- dians in Peru, have resulted in barrenness; ( s. That the propagation of the Gospel among them, together with the benefits of general instruction neeessary to render

.Board of Foreign Missions have but an opportunity is given to he2.r work in four centers-Valparaiso, the Gospel so that the metJ. are with- Santiago, Copiapo and Talca. In out excuse. The Salvation Army Valparaiso there are three Presby- and the Bible societies are also pressterian missionaries and one Ameri- ing the battle. The shifting charcan teacher. There is a Presbyterian acter of the popUlation makes against church of one hundred members the work. which has its own pastor and is largely sulf-supporting. The Mission Progress in Porto Rico day school for boys and girls is' called the Escuela Popular and has A large company of people gathover two hundred scholars. ered at Maunabo, Porto Rico, one Sunday in June, for the dedication of Mlasion Work in Panama a new Methodist church. After the dedicatory sermon, 11 were bap- Altho an isthmian poet says that tized and 10 received into the mem- Panama is "far from heaven and bership of the church. Then 3 couples far too close to hell," the spirit- were united in marriage, one of the ual needs have not been entirely men being the young pastor-teacher overlooked. For several years the at Maunabo. During the meeting Wesleyans have been laboring among held in the evening a number of the Jamaicans. They have property Porto Ricans were converted. At at Panama and Colon, where Rev. the communion service which fol- Messrs. King and Cooke respectively lowed 70 communed-in a village are stationed. The Jamaica Baptists where three years ago there was are represented by Rev. S. Loveridge, nothing but opposition to the efforts who has been on the isthmus about being' made by the missionary, the six years, also laboring among the Rev. George B. Benedict. Mauna- Jamaicans. He is chaplain of the bo is now the center of a circuit of hospital at Culebra, where he re- 13 appointments, while a native pastorsides.. Dr. Wood, the presiding elder, teacher, three Sunday-schools, three and Rev. Mr. Elkins, of the 1'.1. E day schools and scores of trans- Church, are located at Panama but formed lives are the visible fruitage. also preach at other points on the line. Rev. J. L. Wise, from the ISLANDS Of' THI: SI:A Southern Baptist convention, lives at Gorgona, where he is chaplain and The Gospel in the East Indies holds services there and at several other places. Rev. 1'.11'. Fletcher be- According to Mission Inspector gan work at Colon last April under Kriele 10 societies are engaged in the auspices of the Presbyterian evangelizing work in the East Indies, Church. The commission permits of which 8 are Dutch and 2 German. the use of the schoolhouses for ser- Among these organizations the Rhenvices and by the employment of chap- ish Society is by far the most active lains materially helps in this work. and successful, since. it has gathered Miss Rosa Johnson has organized more than half of the results. The at Panama an independent Y. 1'.1. mission stations number 126, the mis- C. A. She receives no salary, but sionaries 176, the schools 537, and the. the commission has furnished quar- baptized 131,215. An agent of the ters and otherwise assisted in the British and Foreign Bible Society rework. A representative of our na- cently visiting Amboina, one of the tional Y. M. C. A. committee was smaller islands lying between Celebes looking over the ground with a view and New Guinea, found, among a popof opening reading rooms along the ulation of 267,000, about 80,000 Chrisline of the canal. The attendance at tians, under the care of 10 Dutch misthe religious meetings is not large, sionaries and more than roo native helpers. The Christians of Ambo-

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

ina have found their Christian nur- fession in their common task of puriture chiefly through the old Malay ver- fying society and uplifting the state. sion of Dr. A. Leidekker, which the -Churchman. 'women especiallydec1ared far sweeter than more recent translations. Doctor A Sign of Promise in the Philippines Leidekker commenced his translation in 1685, and died in f70I, having near- Serapio and Dionisio Pacleb lived ly finished it. Petrus Van der V orn in a little town called Salvador, an completed the translation the same unusually superstitious and wicked year, and it was published by the place, given over largely to drinking Dutch government. and gambling. The missionary had never reached this place in his travels, Filipino Hearb Open but several Filipino preachers had spoken there, and the Pacleb broth- Dr. H. C. Stuntz, home from the ers had their interest so aroused Philippines, says he has a letter from that they started out to find other a young missionary who went from believers, and after a walk of twenty- Ohio Wesleyan, who at the end of five miles, arrived at Villasis, where the three months writes : "We arc they found a little Methodist chapel doing nothing but studying the lan- and some eighty members. Here guage, but 151 people have been re- they obtained tracts and a New ceived into the church, and we have Testament, but received no, answer built a chapel." The doctor adds: to their plea for a preacher to come "I would like to know what that to their benighted village. They man is going to do when he gets were not discouraged, however, and the language and goes to work. I started in search of a missionary never saw such readiness to hear." whom they found at a distant town as he was about to start away. To Bishop Brent and the Jockey Club him they appealed for a visit and 8ible instruction, btlt it was impos- The agents of a jockey club at 'sible. Again they found him at the llanila mistook their man when they close of a hard day's work, fifteen offered Bishop Brent $1,000 for such miles from Salvador, but his plans charities as he might select. Of could not be changed to meet their course, the money was refused. But need at that time. Later they enthat is not all. His action gave such tered the Filipino Bible Institute, heart to the Moral Progress League where they spent three weeks fitting in their campaign against gambling themselves to instruct their neighthat, as reports from Washington bors, going back finally to do the assure ltS, churchmen of all denomi- work whi~h they had tried to get nations are united in the movement others to do for· their people.- against race tracks and cock-pits in TVorld-wide Missions. the Philippines. The Protestant and Roman Catholic clergy have united Novel Scripture Distribution in the in the campaign to stamp out gambling, the evil which they say is Philippines crushing the islands. The movement of the churchmen is reported A novel means of introducing the in the advices from the islands to Scriptures distributed by the Amerihave gained such strength that prom- can Society was that recently pracinent men who have been identified tised in North Luzon, Philippine with the jockey club as officers have Islands. Archbishop Aglipay, of the been compelled to resign for business Independent Catholic Church, arreasons. All honor to Bishop Brent ranged for Mr. Prautch, the Bible for the stand he has taken as a Society's colporteur, to accompany a leader of Christians of every con- bishop and two priests on a trip to organize new churches in an untouched field. Mr. Prautch gives the EUROPE following account of the incident: Advance All Along the Line With r8,000 Scriptures I was treated as All the principal missionary sociean honored guest of the party. What ties of Great Britain report an invisions of the future I saw when this crease of income during the past bishop, in confirming hundreds of candi- year: the Wesleyan Missionary Sodates, handed each one a copy of our Gos- ciety of il,500; the Baptist Mispel instead of the usual candle, thus put- sionary Society of i5,000; the Lonting his approval and indorsement on our don Missionary Society of ir7,000: Scriptures. The people paid what they and the Church Missionary Society would have otherwise paid for candles, and of no less than £46,000, bringing up the bishop's secretary would settle with its total income to £382,000, The me for the portions given out. Of course United Free Church of Scotland it was easy to sell in an atmosphere like shares in the advance, the Women's that. The importance of having an en- Foreign Mission reportin'g an intrance for the Scriptures, with no opposi- crease of £I,OOO, and the Foreign ·tion, but positive approval, can not be over- Mission Committee of £5,000. estimated. I frequently heard the bishop explain my presence by stating that they The Wealeyana Take a Forward Step were seeking to bring the. Catholic Church back to the condition of the primitive A memorable scene was enacted at church during the days of the apostles, the recent Wesleyan Assembly when when the Scriptures were the rule of faith. in a short time about $100,000 were They organized twenty-five churches, and pledged for foreign missions. The sold 14,000 Scriptures. I could do no less achievement grew out of an appeal than heartily cooperate with those who so for wiping out a debt to which reefficient.ly sold my books. My severe judg- sponses at once came from all over ment on some of their practises that I the house, prominent laymen pledgcan not sanction is tempered by their en- ing sums ranging from $500 to dorsement of the Scriptures. Many of the $5,000 apiece, until the debt was exerrors in that new church will be cured by tinguisht;d and some $20,000 were in the reading of the Scriptures, and those hand for a forward movement. The who read will go on to more light.-World- tide of enthusiasm began to rise wide Missions. when Mr. Perks coupled with his expression of confidence in the work A Canary I.landa Mialion of the Society a frank confession of his own failure in that direction. A new mission * has been organ- He had not done his duty in the past; he believed he had given an ized,with a view of helping the work annual SUbscription of $50, but he was not sure; in future, however, his of evangelizing the seven Canary annual subscriptiol1 would be $2,500. Islands-La Palma, La Gomera, It may easily be imagined what an effect such an announcement would Hierro, Fuertaventura, Lanzarote, have upon a meeting. One after another laymen and ministers rose, Gran Canaria and Teneriffe. All and after avowing their belief in except Teneriffe are entirely with- the enterprise, backed that belief by a· promise toward the 'elimination out the Gospel. The following is of the debt or by increased annual subscription or both, until in the an extract from a letter written course of about two hours the debt of (May 2I, I906) by one of the mis- over $75,000 had been wiped out, sionaries in Santa Cruz, Teneriffe: and the normal subscription list swelled to the extent of about $25,- A persecution has arisen against us and our native teacher, Carmen Pena. Lola San Fiel, who has recently been converted, is a government public school mistress in a town called San Andres; she is also suffering great persecution for the sake of the Gospel; the whole town has risen up against her, incited by the priest, who has threatened to turn her out of her position if she .does not give up her faith in Christ, but she is faithful and true to her Master, nothing can turn her from her faith in the Savior and she continues to confess Him in spite of all they do against her.

III The officers of the Canary Islands Mission are: Rev. J. P. Lee, President, and J. F, Cargile, Secre- tary and Treasurer. Their address 18 Macon, Ga.

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

000. It was a wonderful meeting, English, 61 Scottish, 27 Irish and 43 and all the more so because there Welsh. London has the largest Chris- had been no intention of making any tian Endeavor Union in the world- immediate financiaJappeal. nearly 800 societies. The Christian Union of Young People in Norway Marked Growth in Two Decades counts about 450 societies over the The Church Missionary Intelli- whole country. "

gel1cer (c. M. S.) publishes several Church Reform in Spain and' Portugal tables of figures taken from the an- Rev. Thomas J. Pulvertaft, Secrenual reports of 1885, 1895 and I905, which indicate a steady and notable tary of the Spanish and Portuguese advance at every point. Thus the Church Aid Society, writes as folnumber of missionaries has increased lows of the situation in the Spanish Peninsula: from 459 to 1,356; total laborers from 4,246 to 8,850; adult baptisms "Unfortunately the enemy to the from 2,869 during the. year to 12,- Scriptural truth in Spain is no long- er ultramontanism, but militant un- 591; communicants from 41,228 to belief. Altho 66 per cent. of Span- 88,889; adherents from 191,042 to iards and 78 per cent. Portuguese can not read and write, the educated 3°7,092; and scholars from 70,176 to classes imbibe the teaching of the 130,239. "On the whole the work has increased by half as much again leaders of materialistic thought in the last ten years, and has doubled throughout Europe, and the publicain twenty years." . tion in cheap forms of their works A Fine Gift to the London Y. M. C. A. enables them to have easy access to all destructive attacks on religion.

The generous offer of Sir George "A strong movement in favor of Williams' sons to hand over their fa- religious liberty has come to a head ther's nouse, 13 Russell Square, to the in Spain, but as far as can be dis- National Council of Y. M. C. A.'s, cerned the underlying motives are as the future headquarters of the Y. not a passion for the freedom de- M. C. A. movement, was accepted at manded by love of truth but an ac- a meeting of the council. This quiescence in a feeling that religion house, in which Sir George resided is a spent force, and advance in for upward of a quarter of a cen- civilization requires the nation to ac- tury, will provide excellent accommo- cept liberty of worship as part of dation for the many departments of its constitution. The spread of the the council's work, as well as a movement in favor of liberty has led suitable center for 'the various kin- to the cessation of persecution by the dred societies affiliated with the Y. authorities against colporteurs, evan- M. C. A. organization. It is also gelists and church-workers, and this well placed as a central rendezvous in itself is a gain; but the deadened for Metropolis Y. M. C. A. workers, sense of the importance of religion as well as those coming to London is the great obstacle to the reception from the country and abroad. of Scriptural teaching.

Progress of Chriatian Endeavor "In the Christian Training College, in Portugal, under the charge of During the past twelve months the Principal Harden, two of the stu- British Christian Endeavor Union dents were ordained deacons last enrolled 454 new societies. Of these November, and are now at work 84 were Baptist, 77 Congregational, 66 . in the south, where their labor has Primitive Methodist, 64 Presbyterian, been already blessed by God. In 40 United Methodist Free Church, and Setubal, where the senior of the stu- a number of other denominations were dents is in charge of a congregation, represented. 323 of the societies were there is an earnest body of reform-

ers, who have stood together for reach out to that larger whole to many year~ without a resident minis- which it belongs. Indifference to ter. In Lisbon the other deacon missions is the worst kind of treason. has already made himself felt, and a Enthusiasm for missions is the meas- Portuguese gentleman has offered to ure of both our faith in Christ and build a church for him. It is hoped our love for man. that in a few years' time there will be a real need for this church, but at HENRY VAN DYKE. present the two large churches meet the requirements of the reformers Christian Growth by Centuries and the deacon is in charge of a country congregation near the capital, Somebody-Samuel Johnson or Oli- where he will be fitted by experience ver Wendell Holmes or Mr. Doo- for more extended work in the ley-says, "Statistics are non-conduc- future." tors of thought." An interesting sum- mary of the growth of Christianity German Medical Missions by centuries is contained, however, in the Presbyterian Hand-book. We The publishing house of C. Bertels- reproduce it for what it is worth: mann, of Giitersloh, has this year 'brought out a twenty-page bimonth- Close of first century…………………. 50,000 ly magazine, entitled Die Arztliche Mission, the first magazine of any Close of second century ……….. ,……. 2,000,000 size to be issued in Germany in the interests 'of medical missions. Close of third century.. … .. …. .. . .. ….. 5,000,000 The first number supplies us with Close of fourth century……………….. IO,OOO,OOO a detailed list of all the medical mis- sionaries representing the German Close of fifth century. ….. …… ….. ….. 15,000,000 SOCietIes. There are 2 in India, 6 in China, 6 in Turkey, 4 in Africa, 2 in Close of sixth century ….. '" . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20,000,000 Sumatra, I in Labrador, I in Leh (British Tibet), and I in Alaska-23 Close of seventh century……………… 25,000,000 in all. Of these 5 represent the Basel Missionary Society, 5 the Close of eighth century……………….. 30,000,000 Rhenish Society, 3 the Moravians, I the German Baptists, 1 the Leipsic Close of ninth century ….. " . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 40,000,000 Evangelical Lutheran Mission, 3 the German Orient Mission working at Close of tenth century………………… 50,000,000 Urfa and Diarbekir, 2 the General Evangelical Protestant Missionary Close of eleventh century……….. , ….. 70,000,000 Union working at Kiau-chow, and 3 the German Helpers' League for Ar- Close of twelfth century. ,.,' …… , ……. 8°1000,000 menia. The missionaries have I3 hospitals, with about 400 beds in all, and Close of thirteenth century…………… 75,000,000 the sum of the in and out-patients is about 60,000 per annum. Close of fonrteenth century……… , ….. 80,000,000 MISCELLANEOUS Close of fifteeI}th century……………….100,000,000 The Revival Most Needed Close of sixteenth century…… , ….. , …. 125,000,000 What we need in the Christian Close of seventeenth century……… " … 155,000,000 Church to~day is a revival of the patriotism of the Kingdom of Heaven. Close of eighteenth century……… , ….. 200,000,000 The commonwealth of love for which Christ lived and died is world-wide. Close of nineteenth century……. , …..•. 400,0001000 We can not love any part of it rightly unless our thoughts and our desires The Progr•ess of Missions Encouraging Says Prof. J. H. Ropes in his recent book on "The Apostolic Age" : "If a comparison is desired, it is not unfair to compare the Christian world in the year 100 A.D. with the state of Japan, China, and India to-day. The period of missionary work had been not far from the same, and there was a permeation of the various provinces, here more, there less, not unlike in its various degrees to the various degrees in which at .present Christianity has es- tablished itself in those countries of the Far East. The comparison is a rough one, but it may be helpful. It should be said, however, that to an impartial observer of the year 100 the prospects of Christianity would probably have seemed distinctly less good than they do to-day in Japan or even in China or India."

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Missions or the Moon-Which? Arouses no interest in m1SSlOns. Refuses to give systematically. We urge that the need at home is so President, Miss or Mr. Do Little. great that we can not afford to spend money on the other side of the world. What Have Missions Done?

"r visited the Yerkes Observatorv of To the question, What have mis- sions aCG:omplished for humanity? Docthe University of Chicago on Lake tor Mislet, of Mosburg, Germany, an- Geneva recently," said Dr. Zwemer of swers: "Missions have had the most A.rabia, "and they showed us there the essential part in the abolition of maps of the moon, and the astronomer the slave-trade, in the removal of in charge said that they knew more of cannibalism and mas'sacre; they mitithe moon now than they do of Arabia, gate wretchedness and poverty, sickand have better maps of the moon nes's and famine among the heathen than of Arabia. They. spend far more people; they protest against ruining studying on the moon than on study- of the heathen natives by the imports ing or civilizing Arabia. That obser- of rum and opium; they exalt family vatory costs $25,000 a year for mainte- life and contend against polygamy nance. I wish we had that for Ara- and child marriages; anti, above all bia." This is only one way in which things, they raise even the most dewe spend vast sums at home, while graded' people into a wholesome mowe excuse ourselves from the vital rality. It is no matter of chance that work of saving the world. mission work everywhere for degra- ded humanity has lifted them up, for Delightful Because Difficult Christian morality is the religion of perfected humanity." The richest thing about this missionary enteq,rise is that it is not an Samu~l J. Mills' Reasons for Missions· easy one. I count it among the finest moral resources of the Christian In view of the approaching Cen- Church that this task is one of enor- tennial of the Haystack meeting, it is mous and stupendous difficulty. Why interesting to note Mills' reasons does a man's heart go out toward for believing in and devoting himthe problem of the evangelization self to foreign missions. of Islam, except because it is the hardest missionary problem in the In a letter dated Andover, March world? The Roman Catholic Church 2r, r8rI, addressed to John Seward, is afraid of nothing-misery, sickness, Class of r8ro, WiIIiams, he says: disease, martyrdom; but the Roman Catholic Church, since the days of "What is there peculiar in the present Raymond Lull, has been afraid of Is- signs of the times which should direct our lam. The duty of evangelizing Islam attention to the subject of missions?" is laid upon the shoulders of Protestant men and women because it is the 1. The state of the American churches. hardest work laid out for men to do. We are at peace with other nations. Our ships now visit all parts of the world for ROBERT E. SPEER. the sake of gain. The wealth of the Ameri- can churches is immense.. And can it be Marks of an Omissional')" Society employed to a better purpose than in bringing the heathen to a knowledge of the It often omits the regular meeting. salvation there is in Christ Jesus? . Makes no plans for the year's work. Is late in beginning its meetings. 2. The establishment of a divinity col- Sends no reports tQ the branch. lege in this place (Andover). God is now Seeks for no new members. giving us an opportunity to qualify our- Introduces no new features into its selves for preaching the Gospel to the program. heathen, if we will. Omits the devotional service. Never sends to the Board for new 3. The. establishment of missionary, Bible literature. and religious tract societies. By means of these societies our new settlements will be provided for.

4· The efforts that have been made and are now being made by Christians in other countries.

5. The present favorable opportunity for civilized power. The traders were a law introducing the Gospel among the heathen. unto themselves, and I had seen the evils The heathen are ready and waiting for it. of this at the Cameruns. There was then not a single missionary of the Cross in the 6. The success which has attended mis- land. I hailed the advent of a European sions recently established, especially in power. I rej oiced in the prospect of better Africa and .India. times. I saw the fall of the Arab. I saw the door closed against strong drink, and 7. The disposition generally manifested when his Majesty bestowed his decorations in this country to favor the object. upon me I was proud to wear them. But, when change of regime from philanthropy 8. The fulfilment of prophecy which we to self-seeking of the basest and most cruel believe immediately precedes the latter-day kind came, I was no longer proud of the glory. decorations. Weare serving a great Mas- ter. We are on the winning side. Victory OBITUARY is not uncertain. Truth is strong and shall prevail. We are checked but not dis- Rev. Spencer Walton, of South Africa heartened.

A cablegram recently announced Dr. Grenfell was entrusted by the the sad intelligence of the death late Mr. Robert Arthington with the of Rev. Spencer Walton, founder and great task of linking up the stations director of the South Africa General Mission, after an operation for ap- of the Baptist Society with those of pendicitis. He will be greatly the Church Missionary Society in rnissed by a wide circle of friends Uganda. and by those for whom he has labored in South Africa. Mr. Wal- Mrs. Lucy Guinness Kumm. of London ton was about to visit America in the interest of this great mission. His Another loved and valued worker wife and children have our deepest in the great world field, Mrs. Karl sympathy. W. Kumm (nee Lucy E. Guinness), has recently been called home. She Rev. George Grenfell. of Kongo State passed away at East Northfield, Mass., on August 12, after a brief ReV. George Grenfell, one of the illness. She had just completed wripioneers of the great English Bap- ting a book voicing the cry of the tist Missionary Society work on the Kongo natives, but her main mission Kongo, passed away at Basoko, to the United States was in the in- Kongo State, on July 1, from black- terests of the United Sudan Mission, water fever. Mr. Grenfell was born of which Dr. Kumm is the general at Mount Bay, Cornwall, England, secretary. in 1849, and was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham, and Mrs. Kumm was the younger the Baptist College, Bristol. In 1874 daughter of Dr. Grattan Guinness of he joined the Camerun Mission, and Harley House, London, founder of four years afterward, in company the "Regions Beyond Missionary with Rev. Thomas Comber, pro- Union." Bldore her marriage with ceeded on the memorable expedition Dr. Kumm, a missionary to the Suwhich issued in the foundation of the dan, she was for some years editor Kongo Mission. of the Regions Beyond, the U.Igau of the R. B. M. U. As Lucy Guin- For some time Dr. Grenfell was ness, she was author of "South in sympathy with the Kongo govern- America" and of "Across India, at ment, but recently he came out strong- the Dawn of the Twentieth Cenly against the abuses. At the Con- tury," and also edited a collection ference of Missionaries held at Kin- of letters written by her sister, Mrs. chassa in January last, Mr. Grenfell Howard Taylor, ~me of the China made the following remarks: Inland missionaries, entitled "In the Far East." Her book on the Kongo Dr. Leslie met with opposition from the will shortly be published under the natives and overcame all difficulties. I title of "Our Slave State: An Aphave met it from the State, that "great peal to the Nations." philanthropic agency of Central Africa," and have been effectively debarred. When first I came to the Kongo, there was no

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1904

WEST AFHICAN NATIVES AT

A WEST AFRICAN RELIGIOUS CEREMONY-THE EOUN This is a man dressed in animal skins. H e is said to be risen from t he dead, and no woman dare say it is a man, on pain of death. The people worship him as a god, tho they know it is all a fraud .

PICTURES OF WEST AFRICAN HEATHENISM Missionary Review of the World Old Series t JUNE j New Series VOL. XXVII. No.6 f 1 VOL. XVII. No.6 HEATHENISM AS IT IS IN WEST AFRICA* BY REV. ROBERT H. MUJ,LIGAN, LIBREVILLE, GABOON, WEST AFRICA Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions In West Africa there appeared, not long ago, an extract from a recent book criticizing Belgian misrule and cruelty on the Kongo, in which the writer (I do not know his name, and have to confess that I never heard of his bO'Jk before) classes the missionary with the ' nnspeakable Belgian, and asks: "What rel~ious furies, with unholy rage, have demolished those weird gods, and disturbed fervent but unobtruding piety in the exercise of its duties?" It is needless t!) remark upon the unusual literary quality of this luminous passage. If it seems to some to be the utterance of a frenzied mind, we may insist that frenzy is akin to poetic genius. One wonders, however, at finding such passages as the above quoted in West Africa from time to time, with apparent appreciation. For that journal is at present making an earnest appeal to the world against the atrocities of the Belgian on the Kongo, and the classifying of Christian missionaries with Belgians is not unlikely to render that appeal ineffectual with the public. For the dull public, notwithstanding that light is come (in such anti-missionary inspiration as the above), is still so unenlightened and uncomprehending that they believe in the missionary; and they will even believe in the Belgian if they find him regularly classified with the missionary. Knowing something of the Kongo, and having many intimate friends among its missionaries, I need scarcely say that I wish the Kongo might be taken from the Belgians, and I deplore the public apathy and indifference to what seems to me to be one of the plague-spots of the world. But I need only appeal to the columns of West Africa for witness that the evidence against the Belgians depends upon the testimony of missionaries more than upon anything else, inasmuch as, living in close contact with the people and speaking their language, they have the best opportnnity for knowing the real conditions, and, besides, having no trade interests at stake, their testimony is trusted by the public.

It may not be in good taste to apply to the language of sublime emotion the commonplace test of facts, nor to suggest that even genius .The illustration accompanying this article was not supplied by the author, and relates to another district of West Africa. It has an interest, however, connected with this subject.

is nnder moral obligation to tell the truth. Yet it is convenient to take the words quoted above as a mere point of departure in saying what I was going to say anyhow. The writer speaks of the" weird gods" of the natives, and their" fervent but unobtruding piety." I would submit (respectfully) the following exceptions: that the gods of the natives are not "wierd," and are not" gods"; and that native piety is not ,i fervent," not "unobtruding," and is not "piety." It would be interesting to discuss the native religion in each of these particulars and put it beyond doubt, but space permits me only to offer a few suggestions to thoughtful minds.

The natives of the Kongo State belong to the Bantu tribes, of which the largest division is probably the Fang, among whom I labor at Gaboon and in the adjacent interior. The religious beliefs and practises of all the Bantu tribes are so nearly uniform that to describe those of one tribe is to describe those of all. The most fundamental of the beliefs that affect man's character and conduct is his belief regarding tlie character of God and God's relation to man. This can not fail to influence his character and life. The Bantu natives conceive of God as a personal being who made the heavens and the earth, and created man. But they do not fear, love, reverence, or worship Him. In certain of their fables He figures as a being whose deeds are foolish, wanton, and wicked; it would be shocking profanity to repeat some of these fables. God takes no interest in the world which He has made. He looks down with indifference upon all its cruelty, its sorrow, and its sin. If He interferes at all in human affairs it is, perhaps, to make mischief, or to confuse and distress men and women for His amusement. Such a god is not" wierd," but wicked. The most that the natives desire of their god is that he behave and let them alone; and to this end they let him alone. We missionaries, in what the critic calls" unholy rage," have gone into their towns far and near, and, sitting down quietly among them, have told them that God always" behaves"; that He loves righteousness and hates iniquity; that He loves them as a father loves his children; that their sins grieve Him, and that He will surely punish their atrocious cruelties. We have succeeded in changing their idea of God so far that we have divested His character of all that is filthy and wicked; and, presenting thfl life and character of Jesus, have taught them that God is such a one as Jesus was while on earth. In this it would seem that we have outraged the holy feelings of our critic and his friends.

West African Fetish Worship But I wish to speak not so much of God the Creator whom they do not worship as of those so-called gods whom they actually worship, and whom, according to our critic, we missionaries have" demolished." We note, by the way, that most of our critics Bay that we ha.ve demol-

HEATHENISM AS IT IS IN WEST AFRICA

ished nothing and have accomplished nothing. The writer unwittingly pays us a. distinct compliment, and directly contradicts his fellows.

A few weeks ago, in a certain town which I was visiting for the '

first time, an old man came and laid at my feet his most sacred fetish.

It was in a small cylindrical box of bark, made for the purpose of hold- ing this kind of fetish. The women, when they saw the box, turned and fled for their lives, first putting their hands over their ears lest they hear the old man's words and die. They are not supposed to know the contents of the box, and tho they do know they aTe ready at any moment to take Ii solemn oath that they do not. This box contained, first and chiefly, the brains of the old man's father, who had gained eminence and success according to Fang ideals. Immediately after this man's death his son had split his head open with an ax, had scooped out the brains, and had then mixed them with dry white clay.

To this he had added one of the old man's teeth, and a bit of his hair and finger- TWO UGUMBA IDOLS OF WEST AFRICA nails; also a strip of flesh cut from the dead man's arm and dried over the fire. When the owner of such a fetish is about to engage in any considerable enterprise he ru bs a portion of these brains upon his forehead, and thereby possesses himself of all the serviceable qualities of the original-his adroitness in lying, his skill in cheating, his cleverness in stealing goods, captur- ing other men's wives and killing his enemies. If he is going to talk a big" palaver" he places the strip of dried flesh in his mouth, between his teeth and his cheek, and keeps it thel'e all the time he is talking, that he may be eloquent and successful.

This is a specimen of the" gods" that we "religious furies" have demolished. ,That the influence of this particular god so morally elevating nO man would suggest. It must be, then, because of its esthetic vahie that the critic bewails its fall I If, however, he could

only smell it I am sure that his esthetic regrets would be dispelled forever. '1'he man who gave me this fetish, if asked the reason for his action, would reply that a neighboring chief (one whom I had instructed) had come to them, not to make war and kill, as formerly, but in spirit of peace, and had stayed with them many days, in order to tell them the things which he had recently learned. The chief had said that he and they must stop making wltr with each other, that one God was Father of all, who also loved them all; that they must throw away their fetishes, entrust themselves to God's care, believe in His Son, and do right; that even if they suffered for it in this world, there was a life to come in which their faith and righteousness would be fully rewarded.

But the most common fetish of this order is simply the skull of the father, which the son keeps in a box and worships. The father occasionally speaks to the son in dreams, and frequently communicates with him by omens. Those who have these skulls form a secret society, the members of which, by the aid of the departed fathers, have success in all their enterprises, good and evil, and tyrannize over others with the utmost cruelty. They believe that the skull, after receiving professional treatment by the head of the society, becomes the residence of the dead father, who wanders about at will, but returns to the skull as to his home. The son, in order to avoid the wrath of the departed father and to obtain his help, will. keep the skull comfortably warm and dry, occasionally rubbing it with oil and redwood powder, and will feed it bountifully.

The process of feeding it is interesting. Before going on a hunting expedition the son will open the box, and, addressing his father audibly, 'will ask his help, and promise that if he is successful he will give him a goodly portion of the game. If he neglect this duty for a length of time he finds that when he meets an animal in the forest his gun will not fire, and he may even be helpless before his enemies. If you knew the kind of gun he uses you would not think it necessary to go so far for an explanation of the fact that it often fails him in a critical moment. When the son returns with game he again opens the box and places the meat before the skull. Then he closes the house against all possibility of intrusion, and goes away while the father eats. After a while he comes back, and altho he finds the meat exactly as he left it, he imagines that in some mysterious way his father has eaten it and yet left it-an ancient mystery. He then eats it himself, or shares it with the men of the society. Since it has been offered to the dead father it is now sacred, and he can not allow his wife or children to taste it under any circumstances. You may be sure that the men offer up to the father all the game that they procure, and if the women and children are left hungry they can at least admire" fervent but unobtruding piety in the exercise of its duties."

The women have no part in this religion. They are not supposed to know what the sacred thing is which the men keep in those boxes; and if they become curious or talk too much about it, they must expect to become sick and die, as the result of the wrath of the departed spirit. In such cases the truth probably is that they are poisoned by the society.

A man frequently invokes the aid of this fetish to prevent secret immorality on the part of his wife; not that he objects to the immo- rality, but he wants to know about it that he can collect pay. It is only on this latter score that he deems himself wronged. He there- fore compounds a certain "medicine," the ingredients of which include a lock of his wife's hair, her saliva, cuttings of her finger- nails and toe-nails, dirt rubbed from her arms, and other things which it would be indecent to describe. This medicine he puts into the box with the father's skull, and now, it is believed, if his wife keeps immorality a secret from him, she will surely die. Sometimes she no dou bt does die, as a psychological consequence of her belief in this fetish. Fear frequently drives a woman to a tardy confession, which, however, affords her but small relief; for everybody will tell her that she is going to die "sure." " You're a corpse," says one. "You are failing every day," says another. So the woman is morally compelled to die, and she yields to the inevitable.

The initiation of the boys and young men into this society lasts several days, sometimes a week. In some tribes it is accompanied by humiliating, degrading, and unspeakably filthy performances. Only a few days ago one of my former schoolboys died as the result of this initiation. But what are we to think when we find a class of men working themselves into a frenzy of indignation over the loss of these and similar exercises of "piety" that missionaries must not describe because of their indecency?

If those tearful friends of fetishism desire these particular fetishes, they can easily procure them, for the natives are giving them up wherever the light of the Gospel has penetrated. There are around me many young men and boys to whom all these things are almost as repulsive as they are to me. I can also testify that ~hey are as far removed from the heathen natives in morals and character as in their beliefs.

Accused of Killing Her Husband Not long ago Mba Obam, the elder of the Fang .Ohurch of Ayol, ~ which is under my care, died. For many years he and his wife had lived a pure and exemplary life in the midst of the darkest heathenism. When he died they accused his wife of having made "medicine" to kill him. This medicine is not any native poison; it is supposed to act supernaturally. It is such a mixture as that already described with which a man would kill his wife for secret immorality.

As a rule, it does not even come in actual contact with the victim. Mba died of a lingering sickness well known to them; but they have become so unbalanced mentally by belief in magic and witchcraft, and the consequent habit of relating everything to the supernatural, that they have no real comprehension of the natural law of cause and effect. Every death among them is attributed to magic or witchcraft, and if they are not diligent iu punishing it, they believe that the spirit of the dead will inflict disaster and even death. Mba had completely broken with all these beliefs, had defended the victims of cruelty, and had uharged the people, in case of his own death, not to touch his wife. ~ut tho they had regarded him with respect and reverence during his life, yet at his death custom and belief asserted tyrannous authority, and they charged his Ohristian wife Sarah with having killed him. She had to bear this charge and its punishment, together with the burden of her sorrow for the death of her husband, whom she truly loved. The chief man of the town, having stripped her almost naked, placed her on her hands and knees in the middle of the street, and bound upon her back a heavy load of plantain stocks; then two men sat on top of the load 6n her back, and thus all the men of the town, in their "fervent but unobtruding piety," drove the woman up and down the street on her hands and knees until they nearly killed her. 'rhis inhuman performance was repeated at regular intervals until Sarah, from her town, thirty miles from here, managed to send a message to me. I went in all haste, and" disturbed" this exercise with a strong stick. When. I had "demolished" it there was a mark of blood on the stick.

It may not be altogeter aside from my purpose if I relate the sequel of this story. The chief, Esona, who had inflicted all this cruelty upon Sarah, announced a few days later that he was going to marry her. He already had eight wives, and the thought of such a marriage was most repugnant to Sarah; but she was compelled to marry him. Polygamy is not always a happy iustitution, even in Africa. The eight former wives were augry and jealous, and, being powerless to injure Esona, they revenged themselves upon Sarah. One day, shortly after the marriage, as she was walking along the street, they suddenly made an attack upon her with knives, and might have killed her, but she was rescued by some men after receiving several wounds. Then the wiv.es tried another expedient. Four women from different towns came to Esona and solemllly told him that they had had a dream regarding him, all four of them exactly the same dream, on the same night. They had seen Mba, Sarah's dead husband, and he was very angry that Esona had married her, and said that he would trouble him and even kill him if he did not put her away. A few days later this word was confirmed when five houses in Esona's town were burned to the ground. They knew perfectly well that the fire had been started a.cci-

HEATHENISM AT IT IS IN WEST AFRICA

dentally by a young man who threw live coals on some dried thatch. Nevertheless, with one voice the people attributed the fire to Mba, and Esona, in fear, set Sarah free.

If it be supposed that in this brief sketch I have presented the lowest beliefs of the natives, and the exceptional rather than the ordinary effects of these beliefs, I may say that I have begun with the highest, their belief regarding God, and have taken the next in order, the worship of their ancestors, with its ordinary and invariable accompaniments. After this one would naturally consider the great mass of their more common fetishes, which are little or nothing more than charms or amulets to inflict and to protect against evil. The African does not conceive that a spirit resides in these fetishes, as is commonly supposed, nor that they act intelligently. In their regard for them one might compare these fetishes to the horseshoe which the negro in America hangs over his door for luck, but the effect is much more serious. Tho not so fundamental in the native religion as the ancestor-worship, yet they occupy the attention of the native more, and their influence is more constant. They are used also by women.

This form of fetishism is lower, more degrading mentally and morally, and far more cruel, on the whole, than that which I have described. It is don btful whether these fetishes, or even the ancestors' skulls, ought to be called "gods," and it is certain that their attitude toward them can not be called" piety." These fetishes are called" medicines," and are used for eyery conceivable purpose.

Still lower than this form of fetishism is the native belief in witchcraft, which in abject fear and diabolical cruelty has never had a rival in the world. The story of the power which a remnant belief in witchcraft has exercised in civilized and even Christian communities is one of the darkest pages in their history. Imagine all the restraints of civilization and the light of Christianity withdrawn from those communities, and you may form an idea of witchcraft in Africa.,.

No moral man can defend the native religion of Africa or bewail its loss except through ignorance, and such ignorance is most culpable in men who profess to know, who also undertake to inform the public, and who indulge offensive criticism of all who differ from them. Those who would drive out the Belgian without giving the native the knowledge of religious truth would leave him subject to a slavery more abject and a bondage more cruel than that of any human taskmaster. They would throw open his prison doors, but leave him bound to the ground in chains. They would give him the vision of a freedom which is not for him until he knows the truth revealed in Christ, which alone can make him free.

TlIll: MISSIONARY REVIEW 0," TltE WOltLD

A SERIOUS PROBLEM IN MISSIONS SALARIES AND THE INCREASED COST OF LIVING IN ASIA BY THE REV. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN, D.D., NEW YORK CITY Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions So far as this problem affects the Christians of Asia and the parents of pupils in mission schools, neither boards nor missions can give adequate relief. Abroad as well as at home, it must remain the inexorable rule that a Christian man should live within his income and buy new things only as he can pay for them. Any other policy would mean utter ruin. Here also men must" work out their own salvation," and the missionary, while trying to lift men out of barbarous social conditions on the one hand, should, on the other hand, resolutely oppose the improvident eagerness which leads a blanketed Sioux Indian to buy on credit a rubber-tired surrey.

But what is to be done about the native ministers, teachers, evangelists, and Bible women who find it ntterly impossible to live on the salaries which they received a decade ago. The problem of the ordinary minister and helper is not so difficult. Springing from the common people, accustomed from their childhood to a meager scale of living, the small salaries which the people can pay either in full or in large part are usually equal to the income which they would have had if they had not become Ohristians. But some n&.tive ministers come from a higher social grade. They are men of education and refinement. They can not live in a mud hut, go barefooted, wear only a loin-cloth, and subsist on a few cents worth of rice a day. They must not only have better houses and food and clothing, but they must have books and periodicals ilnd the other apparatus of educated men. These things are not only necessary to their own maintenance, but they are essential to the work, for these men are our main reliance for influencing the upper classes for Ohrist. It is not a question of luxury or self-indulgence-nobody thinks of that-but of bare respectability, of the simple decencies of life which are enjoyed by an American mechanic as distinguished from the poverty which falls below the level of self-respect for a cultivated family. But this requires a salary which, save in a very few places, can not at present be paid by the churches. "Our pastors," says Dr. Lucas, of India, "are supposed to live as the middle class of their people do, but of late years, with the great rise in prices, they are living below the middle class."

The consequences are not only pinching poverty, but sometimes a feeling of wrong, and, in some cases, a yielding to temptation. One Chinese pastor, for example, who was trying ·to support a wife and five children on $10 Mex. ($5) a mouth, shipwrecked his influence by trying to supplement his scanty income by helping in lawsuits. Oan we wonder that he felt obliged to do something-almost anything?

A stnRlous· PROBLEM: iN MlSSIONS 409

But who is to pay the higher salaries which are now so necessary?

The first impulse is to look to the mission boards in the United States, and accordingly all over Asia missions are importunately calling for increased appropriations. But whatever temporary and sporadic relief may be given in this way, as a permanent remedy it is plainly impossible. If the conditions were simply sporadic and local, the case might be different. But they are universal, or are fast becoming so, and they will be permanent. It is quite visionary to suppose that the income of the mission boards will permit them to meet the whole or even the larger part of the increased cost of Ii ving among the myriads of ministers, teachers, and helpers in the growing churches of Asia.

There are now seventy-seven thousand three hundred and thirty-eight of such native pastors and agents, and every year swells the number.

American Christians can not reasonably be expected to add such an er..ormous burden to the already large responsibilities which they are carrying in their varied forms of home work and the present sCILIe of foreign missionary expenditurQ. Even if they could and would, it would be at the expense of all further enlargement of the work, and at the same time it would still further weaken an already we~k sense of self-reliance among the native ministers and helpers of Asia.

Moreover, the average Christian worker and giver in America is feeling the same strain himself. The so-called" era of prosperity"

has given more steady employment to the mechanic and unskilled laborer, has given better markets to the producer, and has enormously increased the wealth of many who were already rich. But the men on fixed salaries, who form the bulk of our church membership, find that "prosperity" has greatly increased the cost of living without prol'or- tionately increasing salaries. Consequently, hundreds of thousands of American church-members are worse off than they were in "hard times." Tables presented to the arbitration committee which investigated the grievances of the employees of the Union Trac- tion Committee in Chicago in 1902, showed that the pricc of thirty- seven necessary articles had gone up and fifteen had decreased, while the street-car employees had worked for the same wages for sixteen years. The average advance in the cost of living was given at forty per cent. in five years.* In such circumstances it is clearly out of the question for the Ohristians of the United States to meet these enlarged – demands for the support of their .own families, and in addition meet them for multitudes of Christians in Asia.

If, then, the problem of the increased cost of living in Asia can not be solved by increased gifts from America, what other solutions are possible? As an experienced missionary says: "To ask for more from • Percentages vary in ditl'erent localities. but nfter making all reasonable allowances, the general and IncontestablE' fact remain, that the expeuse of living in America has seriously Increased.

America seems like a step backward; but to leave matters as they are is to see our churches seriously crippled."

Four Possible Solutions First. Stop all expansion of the work, and use any increase in receipts to raise salaries. This is undoubtedly worthy of thoughtful consideration. To what extent is it right to open new fields and enlarge old ones when the workers now employed are inadequately paid? Plainly, the mission boards should carefully consider this aspect of the question. As a matter of fact, many of them have already considered it. The Presbyterian Board has repeatedly declined urgent requests to establish new stations, on the ground that it could not do so in justice to its existing work. But as a practical solution this method is open to serious difficulties. A living work must gro)V, and the living forces which govern that growth are more or less beyond the control of the boards. The boards are amenable to their constituencies, and those constituencies sometimes imperatively demand the occupation of a new field, as, for example, they did in the case of the Philippine Islands, some boards which at first decided not to enter the Philippines being afterward actually forced into them by a pressure of denominational opinion which they could not ignore. Moreover, the missionaries themselves are equally insistent in their demands for for enlargement. Some boards are literally deluged with such appeals. The missionaries who have most strenuously insisted on the policy of no further expansion till the existing work is better sustained have sometimes been the very ones who have strongly urged that an exception should be made in their particular fields, without realizing that the argument from" exceptions" is so often pressed that it is really the rule and not the exception at all. And the churches and missionaries are usually right. The argument that new work should not be undertaken until the existing work is adequately supported, would have made Paul and Barnabas disobey the call of the Holy Ghost to leave the little church in needy Antioch to preach in other regions, would have prevented the extension of Christianity into England and Germany and America, and would now strangle all foreign missionary effort, for we are repeatedly told that our land is not yet Christianized. God is calling His people to go forward. His voice is frequently very plain, and the boards, with all their care and conservatism, are then obliged to expand.

Second. Diminish the number of native pastors, helpers, and teachers, and increase their work. In some places this might be done by grouping congregations and fields. But the places where this could be wisely effected are so few that the relief to the situation, as a whole, would not be appreciable, especially as the native Christians would not give so liberally under such an arrangement. Their sense of responsi-

A SERIOUS PROBLJl:M IN MISSIONS

bility would be weakened if they had only a half or a quarter of a pastor's time instead of the whole of it. Besides, the native force is far too small now. Instead of being diminished, it should be largely increased. The great work of the future must be done by native ministers. If Asia is ever to be evangelized, the work will oe largely done by Asiatic evangelists. To deliberately adopt the policy of restricting the number of such evangelists and teachers would be suicidal. As a solution, therefore, this method is quite impracticable, as it would be a relief at the expense of efficiency.

Third. Expect native leaders to earn their own living, eithklr wholly or in part. There is Pauline example for this method. Some of the Presbyterian missionaries in Laos have adopted it by inducing the members of a given congregation to secure a rice-field and a humble house for their minister. The Koreamissionaries have very successfully worked this method by insisting that the leaders of groups shall continue in their former occupations, and give their services to Christian work without pay, in some such way as Sunday-school superintendents and other unpaid workers do in America. This method is deserving of wider adoption. It would give considerable relief in many other fields. It was probably the way that the early church grew. "Two opinions," says Dr. J. J. Lucas, "have been held in regard to the basis on which the salaries of native agents should be fixed. One is that such a salary should be paid as would remove all excuse for engaging in secular work, demanding all the time of the pastor for spiritual work; another is, that acknowledging the salary to be insufficient, the pastors be expected to supplement it by what they can get from field and vineyard. If self-support is to be aimed at, at all cost, then the Jatter plan is the only feasible one, with the dangers of its abuse. There is no doubt, however, that a man who loves the Gospel ministry, and is devoted to it can, without the neglect of spiritual affairs, do enough outside to materially lessen the burden that would fall on the Ohurch in his support." But this method of itself would hardly solve the problem. However well adapted to the beginnings of mission work, it fails to provide a properly qualified native leadership. To do efficient work, a native pastor must giv.e his whole time to it, and to that end he must have a salary which will make him" free from worldly cares and avocations." We insist on this in the United States, and the reasons for such a policy are as strong on the foreign field. The minister in Asia as well as the minister in America must have a salary. The laborer is worthy of his hire.

Fourth. Insist upon a larger measure of self-support. The native churches must be led to a fuller responsibility in this matter. Grave as are the temporary embarrassments which the increased cost of living is forcing upon them, and trying as is the permanent distress of

some of them, yet as a whole the economic revolution will undoubtedly enlarge the earning capacity of the native Ohristians. Indeed, the new principles of life which the Gospel bring!'! should make them among the first to profit by the changed conditions, and as their wealth increases, their spirit of giving should, and under the wise leadership of the missionaries undoubtedly will, increase. For these reasons, the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions took the following action July 2, 1900: As having reference to the question of self-support of the native churches on the mission field, and in view of the fact that some of its missions are proposing to increase the salaries of native preachers and helpers on account of the increased cost of living, the board is constrained to look with no little apprehension upon the prospe~t of continuing and increasing demands of foreign aid in proportion to the contributions made by the churches themsel ves. Increased intercourse of Eastern nations with those of the West has led and will still further lead to a gradual assimilation to Western ways and Western prices, and unless the self-reliant spirit of the churches can be stimulated to a proportionate advance, there is a sure prospect that the drafts upon mission funds will be larger and larger in proportion to the amount of work accomplished. In view of these considerations, it was resolved that the missions in which such increase is proposed be earnestly requested to arouse the churches to the purpose and the endeavor to meet this increased expenditure, instead of laying still larger burdens upon the resources of foreign funds. The board deems this necessary not merely to the interest of its expanding work, but to the self-reliant character, the future stability and self-propagating power of the churches themselves.

There appears to be no alternative. And yet this policy, while adhered to, should be enforced with reasonable discretion and due regard to" this present distress." How can Christians, who can barely live themselves and pay a half or two-thirds of their pastor's present support, suddenly meet this call for enlarged salaries? For reasons I have already given, it is harder for them to make ends meet now than it was in the old days of primitive simplicity, while in many places, notably in India, and some parts of China, a profession of Ohristianity is followed by a business and social ostracism, so that the Christian is impoverished by the loss of employment which he already had. In these circumstances, both board and missions must simply do the best they can, and neither allow the emergency to sweep them into a mistaken charity which would be fatal to the ultimate interests of the cause, nor allow a valuable native worker to suffer for the necessaries of life.

It is idle, however, to urge as a reason for increasing the salaries of native Ohristian pastors, teachers, and helpers, that a qualified Asiatic can earn more in commercial life than in the ministry. Such a.rguments often come to mission boards. But Christian work can not

A SERIOUS PROBLEM IN MISSIONS

compete with business in financial inducements either at home or abroad. It is notorious that iu America ministers and church workers generally do not receive the compensation which they could command in secular employments or professions. The qualitie! which bring success in the ministry are, as a rule, far more liberally remunerated in secular life. The preacher who can command $6,000 or $8,000 in the pulpit could probably command three or four times that amount in the law or in business. Men who are as eminent in other professions and in the commercial world as the most eminent clergymen are in the ministry usually have incomes ranging from $20,000 to $100,000 a year, and have no "dead line" of age either. As for other ministers, the Rev. Dr. B. L. Agnew, Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Ministerial Relief, is authority for t~e statement that the average salary of ministers in the United States does not equal the wages of a mechanic. A missionary writes: "Practically all our native pastors are underpaid." The same thing might be said of all the home missionaries and of two-thirds of the pastors of the other churches at home.

The churches of America can not, or at any ra.te will not, do for the native ministers of Asia what they are ,not doing for their own ministers. The world over the rewards of Christ's service are not financial. rrhose who seek that service must be content with modest. support, sometimes even with sore poverty. This is not a reason for the home churches to be content with their present scale of missionary gi ving, nor doe!! it mean that mission boards are disposed to refuse requests for appropriations. The boards are straining every nerve to secure a more generous support, and they will gladly send all they can to the missions on the field. But it is a reason for impressing more strongly upon the young men in the churches of Asia that they should consecrate themselves to the Master's service from a higher motive than financial support, and that while the boards will continue to giva all the assistance that is in their power, still the permanent dependence of the ministers of Asia must be in increasing measure upon the Christians of Asia, and not upon the Christians of America. Hundreds of native pastors are already realizing this, and are manifesting a self-sacrificing courage and devotion which are beyond all prailie. Said Mr. Fitch, of Ningpo, to a Chinese youth of fine education and exceptional ability: "Suppose a business man should offer you $100 a month, and at the same time you had the way opened to you to study for the ministry, and, lifter entering it, to get from $20 to $30a month, which would you take?" And the youth answered: .. I would enter the ministry." He is now teaching in a mission school for $12 a. month, tho he could easily command $30 a month in a business position. The hope of the churches of Asia is in such men.

THE WORD "ISLAM"

BY CANON EDWARD SELL, OF MADRAS, INDIA, 1865 The Honorable Mr. Justice Syed Amir Ali, commenting on the word Islam, says: "The word does not imply, as is commonly supposed, absolute submission to God's will, but means, on the contrary, striving after righteousness." There seems to be some ground for this statement in the text: "There are some among us who have gone astray. And whoso is a Moslem he seeketh after the right way." The word aslama (became Moslem) is interpreted by the commentators to mean" those who placed the neck under the order of God," "those who came under the order,"" those who sincerely accept the dogma of the Unity of God." The word Islam is not found in the early Meccan Suras. It occurs twice in late Meccan ones: "That man's breast will be open to Islam" ; "Shall he, then, whose breast God has opened to Islam? " It occurs four times in Madina Suras: "The true religion with God as Islam"; "Whoso desireth any other religion than Islam, that religion shall not be accepted from him "; " It is my pleasure that Islam be your religion," and "Who more impious than he who, when called to Islam, deviseth a falsehood concerning God?"

A contrast between iman, or faith, and Islam is shown in the text: "The Arabs say, ' We believe.' Say thou, • Ye believe not'; therefore say rather, 'We profess Islam,' for the faith (iman) hath not yet found its way into your hearts." There are various forms of the verb in the sense of embracing Islam, and the noun Moslem is also used, but they are found for the most part in late Suras. The meaning assigned in Persian commentaries to Moslem is munqad and hukmbardar, both of which words mean submissive or obedient to orders given.

There is a verse which seems to be on the side of resignation: ., They who set their faces with resignation Godward and do that which is right, their reward is with their Lord." Again in the same Sura we have" I resign myself to the Lord of the Worlds." Islam is defined to be outward obedience, and when sincerity is joined to it, as shown by a belief in God, angels, Divine books, prophets, the last day, and the predestination to good or evil, it makes a man a true believer.

Sharastani, in the Milal wa Mithal, draws a distinction between Islam, Iman (faith), and Ishan (devotion, benevolence) in the following tradition: "Gabriel one day came in the form of an Arab and sat near the prophet and said: '0 messenger of God, what is Islam?' The prophet replied: 'Islam is to believe in God and His propbet, to say the prescribed prayers, to give alms, to observe the fast of Ramadhanl and to make the pilgrimage to Mecca.' Gabriel replied that

THE WORD, "ISLAM"

he had spoken the truth, and then asked the prophet what Iman was.

Re replied that it was to believe in God, angels, books, prophets, the last day, predestination. Again Gabriel admitted the correctness of the definition, and inquirec what Ihsan meant. The prophet replied, 'To worship God as if thou seest Him, for if thou seest Him not He seest thee.'"

Thus a Moslem, one who keeps the {>utward works of the law, may be a saved man, or one under or about to come under condemnation; but when he sets his face Godward and doeth that which is right, he adds Ihsan to Islmn, and is a Muhsin-that is, one who, in addition to performing the outward duties of the law, shows active benevolence; and when to all this is added tasdiq, or sincerity of heltrt, leading on to Iman, or firm belief in the articles of the creed, the man is a Mumin, or a true believer, which seems to be the highest state of all.

"The true believers (Al Mllminum) are only those who believe in Allah and his apostle, and afterward doubt not." Dr. Hirschfield considers that" Syed Amir's definition of Islam as a 'striving after righteousness' only reflects the theoretical and moral side of the ques- tion, which is limited to the initial stage of Islam." The meaning which has obtained favor in the Moslem body at large seems to be the one I have described-viz., the formal performance of certain outward duties. The fact that the term is not found in the earlier Suras supports this view, for it was only as the system grew into shape that the Arkan-i-din, or five obligatory duties of Islam, came to be fixed as those which he would be a Moslem must perform. If there ever was an ethical meaning attached to the term Islam, it seems to have been lost in very early days, for it is difficult to fix a period in which it was not used in the mechanical sense now universally accepted by Moslem commentators. The very term Islam thus emphasizes that side of religion which St. Paul so earnestly contended against in the .Judaism of his day, and which he defines as "works of the law by which no flesh shall be satisfied."

'rhe Mohammedan idea of the term Islam is quite in accordance with Jewish thought, to which Mohammed owes so much, for Hirschfield quotes a Rabbinic precept to the effect that "it is not the study of the law which is most important, but the practise thereof."

Tho this takes away from Islam the name of religion, and from Moslem the name of the man who professes Islam, much of the beauty which has gathered round the ethical idea of complete submission to the will of God, and lowers both terms to the idea of submission to a code of outward observances, one at least of which is compounded largely of old pagan rites; yet it must be borne in mind that Moslems have in the term Mum'in a word of higher meaning, which includes a sincere faith in what they believe to be the fundamental truths of their creed. Still, much of the praise European writers have bestowed on the words Islam and Moslem is out of place, for these terms do not connote a humble submission to God's will, but the attaining of righteousness by submission to the preformance of certain outward religious acts, which in Islam, as in other religions, tends to foster self·· righteousness.

INTERIOR OF A. KENTUCKY MOUNTA.lN EER'S CABIN BEREA COLLEGE AND ITS MISSION BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON The recent legislation aimed against Berea College by the Kentucky lawmakers recalls the thrilling history of the early days of Berea, and the powerful influence which it has exerted on both the colored and white races of Kentucky and the neighboring States. This college is nnique in being the only Sou thel'll college where any considerable number of the two races have been educated together on equal terms. It has been and is an important factor in the struggle to solve the great "negro problem" of the South.

No problem can he said to be solved until it is solved rightly. There may be many difficulties in the way, and good men may differ in their opinion as to what the true solution is, but no unworthy compromise and no mistaken method will stand the test of time. Moreover, Christians will agree that in problems involving moml and spiritual principles no solution is correct which is out of harmony with the spirit and teachings of Jesus Uhrist. It is on this belief that Be~ea was founded, and on this basis it has continued for nearly half · a century; for this belief her friends have been called upon to f.mffer reproach, contumely, o£tracism, and sometimes even bodily injury. In this little town in Madison County, Kentucky, there has been waging for fifty years the noble battle of principle against prejudice, the spirit of Christian brotherhood against physical, mental, and spiritual bondage.

Berea was founded by Kentuckians who had bec.ome convinced of

BEREA COLLEGE AND ITS MISSION

the sinfulness of slavery, and Rev. John G. Fee was called to be the pastor of their anti-slavery church. Mr. Fee was himself an inheritor of slaves, but he set them free for conscience'sake, and, in conse- quence, he was disowned and disinherited by his parents. When he came to Berea he found it a wilderness, but a settlement gradually grew up which stood for free speech and loyalty to the Union govern- . ment. In 1855 a school was founded on the same principles, with Rev. J. A. R. Rogers as principal and two young graduates of Oberlin Oollege as teachers.

Mr. Fee stood boldly for freedom of mind and body for black and white alike. His opponents resorted to mob violence-the usual weapon of ignorance and error-to silence him, but they failed. Mr. Fee's daughter says that in her childhood she thought no more of a mob than of a thunder-storm-she supposed that "everybody had mobs." But tho the fearless preacher was waylaid and threatened, dragged from his pulpit to be hung, stoned, and on various occasions seemed in imminent danger of being shot or drowned, he nevertheless refused to flee or keep silence. The opposition finally culminated in 1859, when an organized mob, said to be composed of the" wealthiest and most respectable" citizens of the county, marched to the homes of Mr. Rogers and nine other families, and demanded that they leave the county within ten days. After much thought and prayer, and a fruitIest'! appeal to the governor, the demand was complied with: the school was closed and the ten families left, confi- dently. declaring that they would return again. This expectation was fulfilled after the close of the Civil War, for in 1865 Professor Rogers reopened the school, reorganized the board of trustees, and obtained a charter for a college. It was a dramatic and signifi- cant event when a few years ago Hon. John D. Harris, one of the mob, publicly shook hands with Prin- cipal Rogers, and told him that he was very glad indeed that he had returned to the State.

Berea and the Colored Students The school had been founded to "promote the cause of Christ" and to "furnish facilities for education to all persons of good moral character." Since this did not exclude colored persons, three trustees resigned when that clause was adopted. Now the question took practical shape, for three young colored men, who had served in the Union Army and wore the blue, asked to be admitted as students. They were not turned away, tho it was evident that serious consequences might follow. The morning when those three young men entered, half of the students walked out. Oonsiderable excitement prevailed for a time, and a state superintendent of public schools expressed the enlightened sentiment that Berea was a "stench in the nostrils of all

true Kentuckians." The storm blew over, however (as most storms will), many of the disgruntled ones returned, and the number on roll steadily increased. Oolored young men and young women began to take advantage of the opportunities afforded at Berea, and at times they comprised two-thirds the total number attending. Since the opening of the State Normal School for Colored People, howeyer, the proportion has decreased, until now they only number one hundred and seventy-four out of a total enrolment of nearly one thousand.

Thus for nearly forty years colored students have been received in Berea unchallenged by the State authorities. Now, after all this period of successful operation, the bill has been passed by the legislature prohibiting the coeducation of the races. This bill is an evidence of the negrophobia which is sweeping Qver the South. It was introduced by Oarl Day, of the "bloody Breathitt" County, and is evidently a political moye to win the favor of those who desire to keep the colored people in subjection, and also of those Democrats who dislike Berea's work for the education of mountain Republicans. It is interesting to note that the college students voted practically unanimously in favor of the present system, and four-fifths of the white voters of the town signed a testimonial and remonstrance to the legislature against the passage of this bill.

Many evils were predicted as the inevitable result of disregarding the color-line in Berea, but not one of these fears have been realized. There has never been any compulsion as to social intercourse. The students of the two races do not room together, but when the two races must live and work side by side in the South, it is dificult to see what disastrous results should be feared from their working together in the field or in the classroom. The prejudice naturally brought by the white students is usually soon overcome. Perhaps the most serious trouble which has arisp.n between the races occurred years ago, when au uncultured white girl called a fellow-student "nigger" and was designated in return" poor white trash."

All the influence of the college is against intermarriage, and no scandal has ever been a blot on Berea's escutcheon; in fact, the Christian enlightenment of the two races is the surest way to prevent any such thing. A Kentucky mother who wanted her son to go through Berea, but feared lest he might lllarry a colored girl, admitted that he was in greater danger of forming an illicit connection with negresses in her own home city. Mulattos do not come from educated Ohristian parents. When Southerners are filled with forebodings lest their children take dark-skinned partners, it does not speak well for their home influence or for the strength of character developed in their otl'spring.

Right here it may be well to state briefly just what is Berea's attitude on this question of race coeducation. The college authorities do

BEREA COLLEGE AND ITS MISSION

not favor this in pn blic schools, but claim that there may be excep- tiuns to a general rule. It is well that some colored men and women should have an opportunity to measure themselves by the standards of the more favored race. We quote the following from Tlte Oitizen, a weekly newspaper published iu Berea: 1. The first colored students were admitted in 1865. There has never been any occasion for lowering the standard of scholarship to adapt it to them.

2. Berea is not in any way peculiar in this matter. On the con- trary, allY college of high grade which excludes the negro is peculiar. Harvard, Yale, Ohicago University, Oolumbia, and all great State universities admit negroes.

3. It is a matter of Ohristian principal with all these great institu- tions to treat a colored man exactly as they would treat a white man of the same character. If he is dirty or immoral-white or blackhe is to be condemned; if he has made himself honorable and respectable, he should be respected. We should not despise or discourage a man because he is lame, or because he is black.

4. In fact, a true Ohristian will take pains to help and encourage any man who is lame or black, or who has any other misfortune for which he is not to blame. Jesus Ohrist taught us that He cares for all unfortunates.

5. The negro has abundantly earned recognitiou as a man. His mind develops under education, and even untrained often shows large ability.

6. This does not mean that we should favor intermarriage. We do stand for moral purity and virtue, and there have been fewer mulatto children born in the region which Berea inflnences than in any other part of the South.

7. The course which Berea has pursued for so many years has greatly benefited the whole commonwealth. The school has been of a strictly high grade. Negroes have been encouraged to improve themselves, and taught self-respect. White people have been emancipated from unreasonable prejudice. Peace and prosperity have been promoted. None of the bad results which were predicted have come to pass.

8. While these are the principles held by all the teachers at Berea, we do not require every student to see things exactly in this way. Each student is perfectly free to select his own company and to hold his own ideas.

Berea's way is sensible and Ohristian, and it is the way approved by the great majority of the best people in the world.

In what striking contrast to this is the spirit breathed in the remarks of Governor Vardaman, of Mississippi, in vetoing a bill to appropriate $10,000 to aid a colored normal school in his State. He said in part: Literary education, the knowledge of books, does not sllem to produce any good, substantial results with the negro, but serves rather to sharpen his cunning, breeds bopes that can not be fulfilled, inspires aspirations that can not be gratified, creates an inclination to avoid bonest labor, promotes indolence, and? in tllrlll le~ds to crim(l."

These statements can not be substantiated by facts. They have been refuted again- and again. The colored educators all over the South are a standing proof of what the negro can become when given even a small opportunity. Kentucky has been glad to take every colored student Berea could even partially train and set them up as models and leaders for the freedmen. When the State sought for teachers fqr their colored normal school they went to Berea for them. The leadership of Governor Vardaman will tend to make the negro a beast; that of Berea will develop him into an intelligent, loyal Ohristian citizens. The college is a mighty force in helping to solve the great Southern problem-first, because it gives the negro an opportunity to "find himself," and, aecond, hecause it enables the white man to understand and sympathize with his dark-skinned brother.

Berea and the Mountaineers But Berea's greatest field is among the mountaineers, who come from the Appalachian range, stretching over. the "backyards of nine States." There are 3,000,000 of these hardy Americans-" our con- Mountain Region temporary ancestors," as they have been called; for tho the best of Anglo-Saxon blood $ orlh~~ flows in their veins, the ideas of two centuries ago course through ·their brains. It is a case South of arrested development due to isolation. No J whistle of the locomotive re-echoes in their hills, and their wagon-roads are, in many cases, the beds of streams. They date events from" the year the bear went through," or, more recently, from "the year the bicycle went through." In large districts tongues are the only news-organs, and papers and periodicals are chiefly useful to paper their cabin walls or stop the chinks between the logs. Even their preachers are lamentably uninformed and have very circumscribed horizons. Some who are too lazy to work and too ignorant to teach school, will undertake to "tend some churches." Is it any wonder that when President Frost, on one of his mountain tours, asked a bright young hunter whom he met if he could write numbers, he received the guarded reply: "Reckon I can write some numbers."

On a piece of bark the questioner drew the nine digits. The young man read them all. Next came the combination of figures, including 1897.

" I don't guess I can tell that thar."

Dr. Frost explained it, and then asked: "Do you know whitt 18!)7 Illeltns f"

BEREA COLLEGE AND ITS MISSION

" Hit's the year, hain't it ?"

"But why is the year called 1897? It is 1897 years since what?"

" I never heard tell."

Bu~ these people are made of sturdy stuff.

If they can only be res- cued from the limitations of their environment, and can be given the advan- tages of a modern Ohris- tian education, they -may yet help to solve the present problems of our country as they once helped to save the Union. ONE OF KENTUCKY'S MOUNTAIN SCHOOLS-LUNCH TIME This is what Berea is seek- ing to enable them to do, and with marvelous success. The moun- taineers are awakening to the advantages of "book larning_" 'fhey are no longer content with scratching a scanty substance from the soil, or with maintaining a precarious existence by means of a "mOOll- shiner's still." They have discovered that mind is worth more than muscle, and that to be quick at figures is better than to be quick at triggers. Teaching and other professions loom up before them as possibilities, and one lad recently walked one hundred and fifty miles to enroll as a student. Girls frequently ride many miles on horseback to Berea, 'and then by the modern alchemy of trade will transmute the horseflesh into cash and the cash into brains. They manage to com- A HANIHLlOM IN A ItENTI1CXY MOUNTAIN HOKE

plete their college course amid many hardships and often after much privation, but these trials only develop more fully the sterling qualities of character which fit them for responsible positions in business, State, and Ohurch.

Some of Berea', Methods The peculiarities of Berea are those which best fit the college to fulfil its mission. The courses must be adapted to the needs of those who have had few, if any, early advantages, and at the same time must enable those capable of leadership to obtain a liberal education. Much attention is given to normal work, and a large nnmber go out each A MOUNT.AI~ SCHOLAR .AND HIS H UPRIGHT FARM"

year to teach in the district schools, and thus spread the blessings of Berea in many an intellectual wilderness.

Industrial training is also a prominent feature of the curriculum, so that this college is beginning to do for the mountaineers what Hampton and Tuskegee are doing for the Indians and negroes. This department serves the fmufold purpose of developing character,. enabling the students to pay a part of their way, increasing the college equipment by student labor, and preparing them for the life that awaits them in their mountain homes. For the young women, domestic sciences, nursing, and dairying are taught by competent and practical instructors. The young men learn the science as well as the practical' part of farming and forestry, blacksmithing, carpentry, and other-

1904J BEREA COLLEGE AND ITS MISSION

MANUAL WORK IN THE MEN'S INDUSTRIAL BUILDING AT BEREA trades equally important for pioneers of civilization. The new men's industrial building, when fully equipped, will offer rare opportunities for them to learn the most practical of modern mechanical trades. The brick-yard produces about Jwenty-five thousand bricks a day.

Perhaps a clearer idea of what Berea is undertaking may be had from a tabulated statement of the cQurses: For those who can not come to school: I. Extension Work-Traveling Libraries, Lectures, Leaflets, Stereopticon-a work that touches five States.

For those NOT sufficiently advanced to get a teacher"s certificate: II. Trade Schools, Carpentry, Housework, Printing, Brickmaking, etc.-two years.

III. Model Schools-preparing for Normal and advanced courses.

For those sUfficiently advanced to get a teacher's certificate: .

IV. Farming-Gardening, Stock-raising, Forestry, etc.-two years. .

V. Domestic Science-Sewing, Cooking, etc.-two years. VI. Normal Course for teachers-three years, with practise teaching.

VII. Academy Course-four years, fitting for college and for life.

For those more advanced: VIII. College Course-Classical, Philosophical, and Literary.

Adjunct dfJpartment: IX. Music-Reed Organ, Choral (free), Vocal, Piano, Theory.

X. Berea General Hospital …..care of the sick-two years.

One unique feature of Berea is the number of small cottages rented out at a nominal sum to families who wish to enjoy these privileges. The younger children may attend the model school, the older ones

the college, and even the parents are enlightened by the public lectures, and stimulated by the atmosphere of the place. A father who, twenty years ago, had been dissuaded from coming to Berea, recently brought his whole family and settled under the shadows of the college. They support them- selves by teaming and keeping boarders. One after another the nine children will be sent back to teach in the mountains.

The system of university ex- tension, or ." a Ohautauqua on wheels," which is carried on from Berea, is another very important and infiuencial part of its work. Not only are libraries of useful books loaned out to families of mountaineers wherever a reader can be found, but each year a number of professors from the college make long tours into the mountains, holding institutes, conducting religious meetings, and in general awakening the people to a sense of their need and the" glories of the possible" which are theirs. Oue result is seen in the inoreasing number of applications for admission to the college. In a recent letter Presi- dent Frost says: These are exciting days in Berea, as we have "overdone"

the work of kindling a desire for education, and can not turn back A 8AJ[I>LJJ: BEREA )[OUNTAINEER boys who come in on foot one He 18 6 t eet 2 Incbes tall, and atter 7 terms In hundred and fifty miles! .Last Berea taugbt two scbools of low grade. Tben night twelve young men lodged he returneil to the college to ftt blmself for ~ in my house. I have just bought blgber grade of teacblng the largest dwelling-house in Berea, and shall turn it at once into a men's dormitory. A party of three young men and two young women arrived yesterday whose journey was interesting. They started from Letcher County, Ky., riding thirty miles on horseback to Stonega.

There they found that a washout had cut off the train they had expected to take. They walked ten miles along the railroad track to Big Stone Gap, carrying their baggage, From that point to Berea

BEREA COLLEGE AND ITS MISSION"

they came by rail-about one hundred and forty miles. Two of them had never seen the cars before, and only one had ever ridden upon them before!

The President and His Coworkers It is, after all, the" men behind the guns" at Berea who have made the college effective in its campaign against ignorance and evil. No one can visit the institution and come into personal touch with them without being impressed with the high caliber of the men and women who are devoting their lives to this noble work. It has involved much self-sacrifice and faith for them to accept such a call to undertake large THE BEREA STUDENTS AT MORNING CHAPEL responsibilities with meager salaries in an institution which has often been misrepresented and misunderstood. But they are Christians of high ideals and attainments, who delight to lay their talents at the feet of their Master in the same spirit that they would accept a Godgiven call to any other mission field.

When President Frost and his wife came to Berea from Oberlin twelve years ago they found the college burdened with debt and difficulties. He brought to his task rare ability as a teacher and organizer, and high talent as an orator and writer; she brought her peculiar graces and gifts, which have made her an ideal hostess to visitors and a true friend to the students. Both of them entered upon their work with self-sacrificing devotion and zeal which characterizes the other members of the faculty. The result has been a wiping out of debt, a broadening of scope, a deepening of impressions, and a widening circle of friends who have established the enterprise on firm and lasting foundations.

Some Results and the Outlook As might be expected, the effects of such devoted and intelligent endeavors can scarcely be overestimated. Leaders of the colored race have been trained to bring their people out of the bondage of indolence and ignorance and sin into the liberty of industry, knowledge, and love. Multitudes of the mountaineers are beginning to take great strides in the seven-league boots of knowledge out of the seventeeth century into the twentieth. Better still, boys who went to Berea PRESIDENT WILLIAM G. FROST AND PROF. J. A. R. ROGERS with revolvers have come home with Testaments, for t.he religious influence of the college, while non-sectarian, is strong and deep. The graduates are noted for their intelligence, friendliness, thrift, and honesty, and the sections into which they return are steadily improving in industrial achievements, educational facilities, social purity, and the safety of life and property.

Another result, of tremendous import to the nation, has already been mentioned-namely, the better understanding and closer sympathy which has been developed between the two races. The one has learned that a white skin may not necessarily indicate a domineering prejudice. The other discovers that man made in the image of God

ltElt:EA COLLEGE AND ITS MISSION

includes the colored race, and that education and fair dealing makes him not more dangerous but more useful. 'rhis is another case where "mixin' lams both parties."

The outcome of Kentucky's hostile legislation is still uncertain. The trustees of the college have resolved to have their legal and constitutional rights defined by the courts. A law which interferes with academic freedom seems a dangerous invasion of personal liberty and A MOUNTAIN SCHOOL vested rights. The question is not a negro question, but one of tae liberty of all men to use their talents and their property as they please so long as they do not interfere with the rights of others. Whatever may be the outcome, the trustees declare that they will not move the college, and will in some way provide for continuing their good work for both mountaineers and colored students. It is a time for the friends of Berea to rally round her with'moral and financial support,* so that the present crisis may be turned to her advantage and to that of the hopeful but neglected classes, to whom the college has a God-given mission.

• We earnestly hope that this may be a time when all wiII show their practical sympathy by helping to supply Berea's pressing needs. Among these are scholarships ($40.00 a year), better industrial equipment, and money for general expenses. Donations may be sent to the REVIEW or to President William G. Frost.

AN EXPERIENCE IN INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION BY REV. H. F. LAFLAMME, COCANADA, INDIA Missionary of the Canadian Baptist Church, 1887- The conditions that prevail throughout India in necessitating a more general industrial education were the conditions that led us as a mission, some nine years ago, to undertake the industrial training of as many of our Christian boys and young men as offered for the purpose. We found the community with which we had to deal lacked elasticity and self-help. Except in one direction, and that the very lowest, the people lacked any knowledge of how to do things. They had no handicrafts, no indnstries, no enterprize, and no invention. The utter absence of this last inspiring faculty from the minds of the peo- ple of India is one of the most amazing and lamentable drawbacks to their material prosperity. The faculty of imitation is most highly developed, but the faculty of original invention has altogether died out, if it were ever one of their possessions, as it surely must have been. 'l'he causes for this undesirable state of affairs are not far to seek, but the remedy lies in the direction of putting them in the way of doing, of stirring within them the impulse to accomplish and the power to do so, and with this will come the long-lost faculty of inventing the ways and devising the means.

This sameness of occupation and the strict limitations of what occupations there are already leaves such a narrow margin that if the fruit of that occupation fail then there is nothing but starvation before the people. All India's eggs are in one basket, and that the agricultural basket; and if a series of bad seasons upset that, then the whole land is undone, for her people have no knowledge or capacity, excep~ in a very small way, for any other calling. With these convic- 'tions in our minds as to the ueeds of India, we opened a school for carpentry which is now running in this place. Into this school we admit boys of over twelve and under twenty-five years of age. The former limit is set because a preliminary education is a sine qua non of the highest success in the lowest possible calling, and the latter age limit was fixed to prevent the school from becoming the dumping- ground for a lot of men who had failed in other callings, and by desiring to enter this at a time in life when they were not capable of learning to advantage what the school might be able to teach, would thus stand in the way of other younger and more promising material. A number of the older men are married, and when a lad reaches the age of eighteen or twenty he is encouraged to marry a girl of his own age and standing. But the single men have their sleeping-apartments removed from the quarters of the married. All are accommodated in about ten rooms, the married men being under the head carpenter, and the single men under the oversight of the compound school-

AN EXPERIENCE IN INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION

teacher. 'rhese rooms are provided free of charge. An old woman does the cooking for the single men, who pay her once a fortnight, when their own pay ~omes. This amounts in the case of the single meu to 2, 2t, and 3 annas, and for the married men Lo 3t, 4, and 4t annas for the first, second, and third years, respectively, and for only SIX days in the week, Sunday being given as a rest day.

Each boy on entering is supplied with an adz, a chisel, a plane, and some bits. These tools are increased as hi's capacity to use them increases, and when, after three or more years in the SChool, the man graduates regularly, he is presented with all those tools, and, in addi- tion, a saw, a square, a brace, a hammer, a screw-driver, and a number of planes with the irons. Many of the tools he learns to make him- self, and is made as self-contained as possible, so that when he goes out to face his village world he will be independent alike of his fellow craftsman and the town hard ware merchant.

'['he benches, lathe, saws, drills, taps, and dies, and other tools, are supplied out of the annual grant from mission funds, which has for some time come to $250. This also includes the erection of good tiled roof-sheds and the supply of timber that is inevitably spoiled by so many who come in without any knowledge of the work at all.

The work done comprises chairs, tables, boxes, doors, windows, house-roofing, bookcases, all kinds of household furniture, country carts, plows, wooden shoes, foot-stools, and repairs of all kinds, including carriages. They work chiefly in te~k, egesu, kamba, rosewood, and mangoe. There is never any lack of work, and the order-book is always away in advance of the delivery·book.

The attendance numbers about twenty-five, over whom there are two master carpenters, one drawing a monthly wage of $5.35 and free quarters, and the other a day coolie of about fourteen cents and no quarters. '['he work hours are from six to twelve and from two to six each day of the week except Saturday, when they get an hour off in the evening for sea-bathing. One hour of each evening, from eight to nine, is spent in study under the schoolmaster for five nights in the week. All of them know how to read, and some have studied as high as the second form.

Of the thirteen men who have taken a somewhat extended course in the school d111'ing its short history of eight years, eleven are following the trades there more or less fully mastered. One who spent four years in the school has become a noted plow-maker, and is now engaged in building a bungalow, and is said to be making about $6.35 a month. One after eighteen and another after only nine months in the school now have steady employment, and are making good livings at sawing. Three others, with three years each at school, are now making from twelve to sixteen cents a day. Most of them have steady employment~ and &re in demand.

The school has been established to meet the needs of a small com- munity, and its sphere of operations has been necessarily limited to that community. During the eight and a half years of the school's existence, mission funds to the amount of $1,546 have been invested in it. Of this amount about $546 represent the value of the school's helongings, of which $217 are tools, $133 buildings, and $196 stock, and the increase of value in mission property. The remaining $1,000 may be set down as the cost of producing twelve masters, or $83 for each man. Is that man worth it? He has been raised by that sum from a wage-earning capacity of say six cents a day to that of twelve, which, in the working-days of a year, represent a total of about $20. This sum, on an investment of $83, represents interest at the rate of about 24 per cent., which, from a commercial standpoint alone, is a very good showing indeed. But then there is much more than just these twelve graduates of the school to be credited to that $1,000. There are, besides, a large number of boys and young men who have taken a par- .. tial course, and tho not now following the calling for which the school is designed t,o fit them, have been immensely improved by the educa- tion they have there taken on-an education in regular habits and hours, in discipline and control, in handicraft and observation, that has altogether widened and helped them, and made them of much greater value than they ever could have been without it to the com- munities to which they return and to the mission which has thus helped them.

SIGNS OF PROMISE IN INDIA THE MISSIONARY SPIRIT IN THE NATIVE CHURCH BY GEORGE SHERWOOD EDDY Secretary of the Indian National Y. M. C. A.

The object of our foreign missionary enterprise is to establish a Ohurch self-governing, self-supporting, and self-propagating, so that we have ground for thanksgiving and for hope in the rise of the missionary spirit in the native Ohurch of India and Oeylon. This spirit is certainly growing. In the older missions especially the demand for a larger share in the government of the Ohurch, and the deepening sense of obligation for self-support has been accompanied by the growing consciousne~s of responsibility for the evangelization of the unsaved. Among the scattered peoples of India, divided by languages and customs more than the nations of Europe, there is at last beginning to appear a national consciousness, a sense of patriotism. Among the Ohristians this shows itself in a zeal for evangelization.

Almost all the older and stronger missions of South India have organized missionary societies in the native churches. In South Travancore, iu the LQudou Mi§sionary Society, the native Ohristians therq-

AN EXPER'ENUE IN INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION

selves support three workers for the evangelization of the heathen, in addition to their efforts to approach self-support. In the Arcot Mis- sion of the Dutch Reformed Church the" Gospel Extension Society"

raises annually over $300, and sup- ports three evangelists and three colporteurs. In the Madura Mis- sion of the American Board the native" Evangelical Society," now in its fiftieth year, raises annu- ally some $4-71), with which they help several weaker churches and take part in the support of ell vcn evangelists. A similar society iu the Lutheran Mission at Guntnr has been the means of estab- lishing a number of Christian among the heathen. "The Indian Christian Workers Union," of Bengal, is an attempt at an indi- genous interdenominational move- ment among the young men for the evangelization of their own land. Tho small in numbers, their work is voluntary, independ- ent, patriotic, Christian. In the South, "The Malabar Syrian Christian Evangelistic Associa- tion," without conuection with any missionary or mission, raises annually over $300 for the evan- gelization of Travancore, and last year over $1,500 was raised by special collection. They sustain some forty workers as evangelists SECRETARY OF THE INDIA MISSIONARY SOClETY and teachers among the Hindus, OF TUNNEVELLY Roman Catholics, and others, carryon a high-school 'of their own, and urge voluntary work upon all their Christians.

Of still greater significance is the formation of missionary societies that have a wider horizon than their own local fields, and that feel the burden of evangelization for India as a whole. Among these might be mentioned the "Jafi'na Student Missionary Society," established in 1901, which is supported and controlled by the Christians of Jaffna themselves. Its object is "to send the Gospel to Tamil-speaking peo- ples in neglected districts of other lands." It is distinctively a

jore£gn mission. The 2,000 members of the sixteen self-supporting churches in the American Mission of Jaffna, after raising $3,400 (nearly $2.00 per capita) among their own members in 1902, and having already an "Evangelical Society" which has for fifty years been controlled exclusively by the native Christians, and has given $300 annually to the support of three workers in the neighboring islands, have now also established a distinctively foreign mjssionary society to send missionaries to India and other lands. This society grew out of the Student Volunteer Band of Jaffna College, and was formed among the present and past students of that institution. Their first missionary was a young native teacher in the college, a graduate of the Calcutta University, who declined more than one large offer asa teacher in order to go to Tondi, a neglected part of the Madura district, for $10 a month. '1'he work has now been carried on for several years, and four workers are supported by the society.

A Woman's Missionary Society has also been organized in Jaifna as an auxiliary to this mission, with its branches in all the churches, . each woman taking a missionary box and contributing" a coin a day· and a prayer." At the end of last year the women had some $270 in their treasury, after supporting their workers in Tondi. The native women control the affairs of the society, and almost put the men to shame by their devotion and ability.

Of yet larger possibilities is the new "Indian Missionary Society of Tinnevelly." Among the fifty-four thousand Christians in the Church Missionary Society Mission of Tinnevelly, many churches are not only self-supporting, but pay the salaries of all the catechists and teachers working in their district. In addition to this there has long been a mission conducted by the Native Church Council, raising some $270 a year for the support of a pastor, two evangelists, and eight teachers, some of whom have gone to the hill tribes in other parts of India. But in addition to all these, the new Indian Missionary Society, which has been organized by the young men of Tinnevelly, "seeks to develop," as their constitution reads," by an indigenous organization, the missionary spirit of the native Church, in order to spread the Gospel in India and other lands." All Indian Christians of 'rinnevelly contributing to the support of the society are considered members. Other contributors may become honorary members. The society is conducted by the officers and a committee of ten, composed exclusively ()f Indian Christians. The fact that the society is indigenous and independent has appealed powerfully to the native Christians, who have eagerly contributed to its support. One of the first to contribute is giving over $3 monthly to the society, in addition to large gifts to the Church itself. Some of the strongest young men have volunteered for service, and are willing to go out into new districts, to learn a new language, and to leave all for Christ. They are to begin operations

AN EXPERIENCE IN INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION

soon in an unoccupied part of the Telugu field. If these men can successfully wDrk in language areas other than their own, think of the possibilities of the evangelization of India by Indian Christians themselves!

A still bolder undertaking is that of the "Home Missionary Society" of the American Baptist churches in the Telugu country.

This was started in 1898, and has already become a foreign mission- ary society. After supporting two workers among the unevan- gelized jungle tribes in their own district, sending a third to the hill tribes of the Kurnool district, and yet a fourth to learn another lan- guage and work among the hill tribes of the Nilgiris, this society has now undertaken the splendid projec~ of sending one of their choicest men to South Africa to work among the thousands of rrelugu and Tamil people in Natal. This young man felt the call to go in one of their mission- ary meetings, and after praying and struggling for some years, and at last obtaining the consent of his wife to make the sacrifice, he consecrated all to Christ and sailed for Africa, sent out by his Indian Christian brethren.

These are only a few of many missionary movements in the native Church of India. What these societies can do others will do. The missionary horizon is bright with hope in India. :Let us not despise the day of small JOHN RANGRAH things. The great Baptist socie- An India missionary to Africa ties following Carey began with only a few shillings and fewer men. The beginning of the missionary movement in America seemed insignificant at the time. It doth not yet appear what these native movements may become. In their reflex action upon the native Church, and in their bearing upon the future evangelization of India and other lands, they must be reckoned with.

Has not the time come to entrust more responsibility to the native Ohurch? May not an advance in this direction be made all along the missionarv line? The Ohurch in foreign lands will rise to its responsi- bility awl fulfil its high calling. Let us thank God and take courage!

THE ETHIOPIAN MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA BY REv. FREDERICK B. BRIDGMAN, DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA Missionary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions To the question, "What are you doing?" missionaries in Africa are familiar with the native answer: "Oh, I am just staying, just sitting." This reply characterizes the physical and intellectual attitude of the African during untold ages. Three successive generations of missionaries found the native still satisfied with his favorite occupation of "just sitting." That this condition should continue forever in the face of the Gospel faithfully preached and lived was impossible. But a pronounced change has come only in the last ten or twelve years, and it has come with such suddenness and force as to surprise even those most responsible for the transformation. Instead of the don't-care, let-the-missionary-do-it-all spirit, there is now the disposition to say to the white brother: "Hands off; let us plan and do for ourselves." The result has been the formation of native churches independent of missionary control. 'rhe first of these named itself the "Church of Ethiopia"; hence the term "Ethiopianism," as popularly applied to all independent religious bodies under native management.

While the importance of this movement as affecting the religious, social, and political future of Africa is admitted on every side, of the inner working of these independent churches very little is known. The facts in hand relate almost entirely to externals, such as churches, congregations, ordinations, and schools-things not easily hidden.

The Original Ethiopian Church The original Ethiopian Church was organized in Pretoria during 1892. Its founder, Rev. M. M. Makone, had been a native minister ot the Wesleyan Ohurch, and in doctrine and form of worship the new organization continued to be Wesleyan. Its distinguishing feature was that it is a racial Ohurch, composed of and controlled by Africans. Several years later a man named Dwane also left the Wesleyans and joined the Ethiopian Church. This man soon came to the front as a leader. The movement did not attract much more than local attention until 1896, when the Ethiopians held a conference in Pretoria, where the question of seeking affiliation with the Afrl'1an Methodist Episcopal Church in America was raised. The outceme was the appointment of three delegates to visit the United States, in order to confer with the authorities of that Church, and, if possible, to bring about a union. Only Dwane went to America, but he was so far successful that early in 1897 he returned under appointment as General Superintendent in South Africa of the African M. E. Church. He immediately set about the task of bringing the Ethiopian constituency into the fold of this American negro denomination. The following

THE ETHIOPIAN MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA

year the colored American bishop, H. M. Turner, visited South Africa, and toured the country from Oape Town to Pretoria. The seal of approval freely given by the bishop did much to remove the stigma of irregularity that had hitherto attached to the new movement. This gave great impetus to the cause, and before returning to America the bishop declared the union of the Ethiopian and African M. E. Ohurches to be complete.

But this union was more apparent than real. For scarcely had a year elapsed when, in August, 1899, Dwane made overtures to the archbishop of Oape Town, with a view to the reception of himself and following into the Anglican Ohurch. 'l'his action, according to the Anglicans, was prompted by Dwane's discovery that the episcopate of the African M. E. Ohurch was not valid. Perhaps a more likely reason is that Dwane's personal ambitions failed of the rapid realization for which he had hoped. Dwane stipulated that, tho received into the English Ohurch, they should exist as a distinct order, with the right to hold property, with power to ordain pri~sts and deacons for native work, and that they should keep the title" Ethiopian Ohurch." The outcome was that in August, 1900, Dwane was received into the Anglican Ohurch, and was appointed Provincial of the Order of Ethiopia. It had beeu agreed that the rank a,nd file of the African M. E. Ohurch should not be received en masse, but only as individuals should give proof of real conviction and apprehension of the truth.

Upon this issue of joining the Anglican Ohurch, the African M. E. Ohurch now divided-one section, reported to number 10,000, following Dwane, and the other section, numbering several thous and, remaining true to its adopted mother.

The African Methodist Episcopal Church The origin of this Ohurch is significant. In the preface of its Discipline we read: "In November, 1787, the colored people belonging to the Methodist Society of Philadelphia convened together, in order to take into consideration the evils under which they labored, arising from the unkind treatment of their white brethren, who considered them a nuisance in the house of worship, and even pulled them off their knees while in the act of prayer, and ordered them to the back seats." Several pages follow, narrating the hardships endured, the opposition encountered, and the litigation necessary before the persecuted secured their own house of worship and minister. This body assumed organic form in 1816. It soon began missionary work in Liberia and Sierra Leone, which is still continued. The Ohurch in the United States has 5,000 ministers, 700.000 communicants, and holds property, church and school, to the value of over $50,000,000.

This colored American Ohurch was invited to South Africa to espouse the Ethiopian cause, and under the representations of the ill-

treatment of native Ohristians by missionary bodies, glowing accounts of the great missionary opportunity, it is not strange that the African M. E. Ohurch should have given the matter serious consideration. But certainly the course pursued by that leading bishop who investigated the situation on the ground was not complimentary to either his sagacity or thoroughness. To go to a distant land, and in a six weeks' tour receive members into the Ohurch by the thousand, ordain sixty ministers and deacons on their face value, and then to welcome into fellowship at a few hours' notice congregations and pastors seceding from societies long in the field, all savors of the grossly superficial. The general conference at Oolumbus, Ohio, May, 1900, to which the South African branch sent four delegates, endorsed all that had been done b! Bishop 'l'urner, constituted South Africa the Fourteenth Episcopal District, appointed Rev. Dr. Levi J. Ooppin, of Philadelphia, its first resident bishop, and voted $10,000 to aid in the establishment of a South African college. To-day this Ohurch has eighty ministers and missionaries devoting themselves entirely to the work. The communicants number over 6,000. Their stations are scattered over all the Oape Colony, and many districts of the Orange River and Transvaal colonies.

From many quarters come bitter complaints that the African M. E. Ohurch, like the Ethiopians, is building only upon foundations laid by others. Their houses of worship are often erected in close proximity to churches long established. Their" converts" are too often drawn from disciplined or disappointed applicants for admission to other churches, or from those who are ready for selfish reasons to forsake their first love. Bishop Coppin says: "In opening new work we prefer, very much prefer, to go to entirely unoccupied fields; but occasionally we are called to places where other churches are at work." Among such occasional places are: Oape Town, Worcester, Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage, Grahamstown, Graaf Reinet, and other centers long prominent for missionary activity. It is to be feared that the preference of the African Methodist Ohurch for" entirely unoccupied fields" can not be very strong. When the missionary organ of this Ohurch declares that it "sees no reason why in the next three years 50,000 members should not be added to it in Africa," it is evident that these numbers are not to be won from heathen£sm, but from the churches who, by lavish expenditure of life and treasure, have brought the natives to a knowledge of the truth.

The aspirations of the A. M. E. Ohurch are only surpassed by its presumption. This same paper, The Voice of ).lfissions, published in New York, and upon whose editorial staff are five bishops, advocates the holding of a conference of all mission boards, with a view to the transference of all their African work to the A. M. E. Ohurch. It proposes this course on the ground of the acknowledged failure of

these boards to prosecute work in Africa. Moreover, it states that the founding of its South African college means the" solution of the great problem that has baffled the most astute missionary boards of the world."

Not so laughable or harmless were some articles in the Voice which touched on the South African race question. These spoke of the time when Africans would" whip" the British back to the Thames, as the Afro-Haitians whipped the French; of the time when the whites in Africa would be "bassed " by the Kaffirs, and of the founding of an African republic. Such sentiments, published during the war and widely quoted by the colonial press, not only intensified feeling against the independent native movement, but increased local prejudice against missions generally. In contradiction of the above statements, the African Methodists at the Cape publicly avowed their loyalty to the Crown, and the South African Conference passed reso· lutions begging the editors of the Voice to cease dealing with local, social, and political questions until after the restoration of peace.

While granting the African M. E. Church credit for pure motives, yet the course pursued since coming to South Africa in 1898 has not been such as to inspire confidence. Allying itself with a schismatic movement of dOll btful character, exhibiting culpable ignorance with regard to all missionary endeavor in this land, and guilty of the folly of fostering race prejudice and disloyalty, the African M. E. Church must answer to a grave indictment against its boasted fitness for work in South Africa.

The colored Baptists of the United States alBo seem to contemplate beginning work in our midst-indeed, there is already work here that claims to be under these auspices. Several years ago their advance agent, Rev. Charles S. Morris, visited these parts, and in his speech at the great Ecumenical Missionary Conference mentioned that he received into the Baptist Church here one thousand two hundred members, representing seventeen different congregations. This statement carries its own condemnation. Mr. Morris might also have told his New York audience that he ordained to the ministry several questionable characters. Let the colored Baptists take up mission work in Africa and welcome, but let them strike for .virgin soil. There is abundant room in one of those pestilential regions where Mr. Morris asserts the American negro is alone practically immune. But so far as we know, this gentleman himself carefully avoided the fever districts.

The African Presbyterian Church A third movement, having headquarters in Cape Colony, is led by Rev. P. J. Mzimba, who was ordained to the ministry by the Free Church of Scotland at Lovedale. For twenty-two years he rendered faithful service as pastor of the Lovedaie church, but resigned, with-

out warning, early in 1898. His ordination vow to "maintain the unity and peace of the church against error and schism" was deliberately broken, and he planned the disruption of the church while still its minister. He persisted in retaining properties with whose custody he had been entrusted, including buildings, title-deeds to land, £1,361, together with the records and documents of the church. Only by legal action were these restored to their owners.

Mzimba issued circulars, calling upon all members of the Free Church in South Africa to join his standard. Two-thirds of the Lovedale congregation followed him, and many other congregations also divided, so that promising schools were ruined., A year ago Mzimba claimed 6,500 communicants for the" African Presbyterian Church," a membership not gathered out of heathenism, but gained from a pioneer missionary church.

Joseph Booth in Natal Let 'us now turn our attention to Natal, where Ethiopianism received an impetus from a most unexpected source. In 1896 Joseph Booth, an English missionary from Central Africa, appeared as the promotor of a scheme called the "African Christian Union." His prospectus was remarkable for its visionary proposals, coupled with consecrated ignorance. Mr. Booth's idea was to induce all of African extraction the world over to unite in the organization of a semi-benevolent joint stock company for the commercial occupation of Africa. Commercial power, he predicted, would eventually mean political control also. He estimated that if one-sixth of the civilized blacks of Africa and America gave one penny a day, there would be available £3,000,000 annually. 'fhis sum, invested yearly for ten years, was to purchase and work great plantations of sugar, coffee, and cotton; it was to buy and operate steamers not only on the African lakes and rivers, but also oceanic lines to England and America. Mr. Booth said: "Let the African be his own employer, develop his own country, establish his own manufactures, run his own ships, work his own mines, and conserve the wealth from his labor and his God-given land for the uplifting of the people and the glory of God. Let the call b~.long and loud and clear to everyone with African blood coursing in his veins." The heading of the appeal was: "Africa for the Africans." Mission stations, schools, farms, and all industries were to be manned by Africans only. The one illustrious exception was to be-Joseph Booth!

Such was the astounding proposition with which an Englishman, in the name of Christ, sought to infatuate the native mind, and this, too, in that crucial year of South African missions-1896. It was in vain that missionaries warned and remonstrated. It mattered not to Mr. Booth that repeated attempts to establish even a sugar-mill run

THE ETllIOPIAN MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA

by natives had all failed. In Durban he succeeded in gathering one hundred educated natives from all parts of Natal. At an all-night meeting these natives listened to Mr. Booth's proposals, and then proceeded to apply his principle, " Africa for the Africans," by demanding that he, too, should be excluded. Mr. Booth argued that without him the scheme would fail,. and finally, at about dawn, most of the natives left the room. The disappointed visionary then resorted to the United States.

Tho this scheme was itself foredoomed, it can not be doubted that the attendant agitation acted as a powerful stimulus on the schismatic spirit. It was a wind fanning the flame. We would not unduly emphasize Mr. Booth's propaganda, for restlessness and discontent were already widespread. Nevertheless, previous to this date (1896) there had been in Natal no really serious disaffection. To-day there are some nine independent bodies whose boast is that in religion, at least, they are no longer" under the boot of Europeans."

The Zulu Congregational Church One of the first and most prominent of these factions was that connected with the mission of the American Board. The stormcenters were Table Mountain (near Moritzburg) and Johannesburg. At the former the main point at issue was the refusal of the preacher to remove to another place at the request of the mission; at the latter the difficulties related principally to the holding of property to the purchase of which the people had contributed, and to the ambition of the congregation that the preacher rather than the missionary be their recognized head. The whole question was simply that of control.

Two years of prayerful effort looking toward adjustment seemed to show only a greater misunderstanding and an ever-widening breech between the native churches and the mission. During this period the Conference of Foreign Mission Boards in America issued a circular letter to the churches of various fields, urging them to undertake more fully self-support. The Zulu churches interpreted this appeal to mean not only self-support but self-control, with emphasis on the latter. They seemed to take the letter to be official notification from the board that the missionaries were no longer needed. These misconceptions naturally complicated the situation. Matters went from bad to worse until, in the latter part of 1897, the preachers at both Table Mountain and Johannesburg withdrew from the mission, taking with them fully half of both membership and constituency of their congregations. The seceders promptly organized the "Zulu Congregational Ohurch."

In the questions at issue the seceders had the full sympathy and moral support of practically our entire constituency, and it is prob-

able that the secession was not undertaken without the sanction of the American mission churches. The peril of complete rupture be_ tween the mission and its churches which had been built up during sixty years was imminent. To avert this disaster God used at least three agencies: (1) He gave the missionaries grace and patience, tho slandered and abused almost beyond belief, to discuss for days at a time the points of difference.

(2) The fact of so large a proportion of the people being dependent npon mission lands for a place to live, undoubtedly exercised a restraining influence.

(3) Perhaps more than all, an ill-advised move on the part of the two leaders of the Zulu Congregational Church thwarted their confi- dent expectation that all the churches would soon join them. Early in 1898 these two seceders sought ordination, and obtained it in an irregular way. The Zulu has an inborn respect, amounting almost to reverence, for precedent, for law. The ordinations in question displayed so manifest a disregard for regularity in ecclesiastical procednre that our native leaders drew back. The secessionists then accused the pastors and churches of broken faith in thus forsaking them in midstream. Estrangement followed, and the time thus gained saved the day.

The Zulu Congregational Church had gone so far that there seemed no possibility of reconciliation. But at the earnest request of its native pastors, the mission appointed a committee to cooperate with the churches in a final effort to bring about reunion. After some hesitation the Zulu Congregational Church met this proposal half way, -and the negotiations resulted in the reunion of the mission churches and the Johannesburg wing of the Zulu church. We regret that the less influential 'l'able Mountain section held aloof, and still continues under the old name.

The immediate occasion of this movement in questions of property and discipline, the inabilit.y of our best native Christians to comprehend the alms and motives of the missionaries, the deliberate secession, the irregular ordinations, and the utter disregard of the principles of Christian comity, are all typical of the various Ethiopian bodies. The notable exception in the case of the Zulu Congregational Church was the reconciliation, :tnd this was not attained without grave but inevitable concessions by the mission. From the native standpoint the agreement then reached may be well considered the Zulu Magna Charter in matters ecclesiastical. That agreement, with but slight limitation, conceded the right to autonomy in accordance with Congregational polity. It was the beginning of a new order in the history of the American Znlu Mission.

THE ETHIOf>tAN' MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA

Other Ethiopian Bodies In northern Natal the Free Ohurch of Scotland has experienced serious trouble. The purchase by natives of tbousands of acres in open competition witb Europeans (thus perhaps giving a sense of superiority), the exemption, of mauy from native law, tribal politics, questions of discipline and consequent friction with missionaries, were all contributing causes to the. schism. This ({ Uhlanga Ohurch" (the National Ohurch) is charged with preacbing political independence and with abetting the Boers during the war; some of its leaders are described as drunken and immoral, and quarreling and internal dis- sensions are rife.

In neighboring districts the Gordon Memorial Mission and the Wesleyans have also suffered by split-off parties.

In the Noodsberg region the followers of 'Mbiyana, an ordained man who left the American Mission in the early eighties, are still in evidence. But they make little headway. Their morals are so low that the heathen remark that such" Ohristians" in no way differ from themselves.

In the coast belt there is a body calling themselves "Ethiopians," who have their headquarters in Durban. Near the southern border may be found the " Amakusha" (Oushites), who are under the auspices of the colored Baptists of America. These Oushites have themselves divided, a number having left to form a Bect whose distinctive tenet is the practise of foot-washing.

The Meaning and Influence of the Movement What mean these phenomena in their relation to the Kingdom of God? Let us first recognize the ground for hope underlying the rest- lessness of which Ethiopianism is but the manifestation. This hope is that born of life, a life not superimposed but imbued by Him who came that they might have life and have it abundantly. The primary expression of this life may be crude. It is shown in the desire to be . somebody, to do something, to initiate, to enjoy the sense of proprie- torship in homestead, business, school and church, a desire which has seized Zulu, Xosa, Basuto, Bechuana, and Bamangwato-in fact, all such tribes south of the Zambesi as may be termed evangelized. Rip Van Winkle in Africa is awaking from the slumber not of decades but of centuries; he is feeling ~bout for his bearings. The African blind man has only recovered his sight so far as to see "men as trees walking." Shall we not trust Him who has begun the cure to com- plete it? Tho this new life is to-day marred by excrescent growth, tho the distorted vision occasions many blunders, yet let us recognize that there is growth, there is vision. A great race hitherto content to grovel has at last begun to aspire. We emphasize this self-evident truth because the lamentable phases of Ethiopianism well-nigh con- strain us to overlook it. Had mIssionaries been quicker to grasp its

'l'Hl1l MissiONARY Rl1lV1l1lW oP TltE WORLD

real significance some of the evils might have been averted or at least mitigated.

A conspicous lack in the whole movement is the absence of a genuine missionary purpose. Primarily the aim seems to be not to take the Gospel to the unevaugelized, but to form new churches in the very fields long occupied by mission societies. Paul's ambition "not to build upon another man's foundation" is just reversed by all Ethiopian bodies. 'rhe very hope of existence is based on the expectation of reaping where others have sown. It is difficult to conceive what good can possibly come from the disorder, division, and destruction wrought by these independent movements. Yet there can be little doubt that henceforth Ethiopianism is to be one of the problems of missionary endeavor in all Africa, whether on old or virgin soil. In future, work begun in the remotest wilderness will not require two and three generations for the outcropping of independency. Tho slow to lead, Ethiopianism is not slow to follow; witness its disquiefing presenoe in the Barotsi mission, north of the Zambesi. This new ism threatens to be the parasite of African missions. The orying pity is that just as the Native Ohurch has reached the position where it could be mightily used in pioneer evangelism, it should instead direct its new-born energies to the discomfo:t of those institutions to which its own light and power are due.

Ethiopianism must also answer to the charge that its influence is on the side of low morals. While the secession faotions profess loyalty to the standards of the Ohurch from which they withdrew, yet testimony invariably shows that there is little adherence to those standards in practise. Generally speaking, native churohes have not yet that backbone which would enable them to perseveringly enforce high standards of discipline. To the native Ohristian weakness in discipline soon means license. Again, the leaders of secession in establishing their new cause have naturally been eager to secure as many adherents as possible. Strict discipline would mean the alienation of many coveted Suppol'ters, and would entail such financial loss as to threaten ruin. The result has been a compromise with heathenism. That profession and not repentance is the requirement [or membership is somewhat indicated by the large numbers rapidly reoruited under the Ethiopian banner. As nearly as can be determined, in the seven years since the movement became prominent it has gained a membership of about twenty-five thousand. Oompared with the slow, laborious growth of mission churches in South Africa, this large number is a doubtful compliment to the Ethiopian type of Ohristianity. Remembering the scaroity of natives prepared for Ohristian service, it would be interesting also to know the intellectual and spiritual fitness of the more than seventy natives whom the African Methodist Ohurch has within five years set apart to the ministry.

1904J THE ETHlOP1AN MOVEMENTS iN SOUTH Ail'RIOA

In the face of these facts, what shall be the attitude of mission churches to the Ethiopian? Shall they fellowship with him? Shall Ethiopian baptism be reckoned valid? Shall he be received by let- ter? What shall be the reply to those schismatic bodies which ask to be taken en masse into the fold of mission churches?

Ethiopianism and South Africa's Race Problem The elements of this problem are three-religious, social, and political. The prominence given to the occasional seditious act or utterance is not merited as compared with the gravity of certain other considerations, as: (1) The most unhappy emphasis given to the color line, for Ethiopianism is nothing if it is not anti-white. In one aspect, it is the reply of the native to the unfriendly attitude of the colonist. Furthermore, the appearance of the American negro from the bitter scenes enacted in the Southern States will hardly help to allay the racial antagonism. (2) Then mark the aptitude of the native for politics. During untold generations his training has been in the line of turning every circumstance to political advantage. His life depended upon ability for intrigue. On the other hand, religion is with him a new graft. The characteristics of the old tree still predominate. Too often, trusted converts wofully confuse the things of Oresar and the things of God. The oldest churches are rent by tribal politics. It is feared that the native, possessed of this genius and already estranged from the European in religion, is butastep removed from organized resistance in matters social and political.

When, in addition to these considerations, we recall the striking disparity in the populations of South Africa (in round numbers, colored, 4,000,000; white, 800,000) we need not wonder at the apprehellsion of the pnblic on account of the spread of Ethiopianism. The effect on the colonial governments has been to look with still less favor upon mission work. In Natal this opposition was manifested, first, by an abortive attempt to prevent all native ministers from acting in the capacity of marriage officers. With snch a restriction imposed upon the irresponsible and irregularly ordained preachers we wonld, of course, sympathize. In the second place, the government has definitely refused to allow the placing of native workers on the locations, and is disposed to close work already established on locations. This policy of the government not only seriously limits the field for mission work, but it defeats itself. Instead of acting as a check on Ethiopian spirit, the injustice of the ruling gives thoroughly loyal natives good ground for feeling aggrieved.

The fear of a native uprising is largely mitigated by a well-known defect in native character-i.e., his inability to cooperate, to hang together. Even Ethiopianism, the native's most successful attempt in extended cooperative effort, has itself been repeatedly the victim of schism. The danger is that circumstances may arise which shall drive

the native populations to stand together in self-defense. The anti-black tirades in press and on platform on the one hand, and the anti-white agitation on the other, may some day be the furnace, the .vacillating, blundering policies of governments may provide the hammer, and the struggle for racial supremacy may be the forge upon which the aborigin~l tribes shall be welded. Repression of life is hazardous. Let the colonies withhold from the native the education and the opportunity for self-improvement and advancement in civilization which he craves and which are his right, let them try to suppreils legitimate religious activity, and it will be not "Oom Paul" but John Bull who (f sits on the safety valve" of South Africa's destiny.

The Future Policy of South African Missions What light does the racial Church movement throw upon tho future policy of missions in South Africa? Does it mean that they have so far reached their goal in establishing self-supporting, self- governing, self-propagating native churches that they can now wisely transfer their force to other fields? Has the appearance of the self- assertive, independent spirit hastened or retarded the day of the voluntary withdrawal of the missionary?

With all the manifestation of a new life, with its ambitions and aspirations, the native is,with noble exceptions, seeking for privileges while he shirks the accompanying responsibilities. He is grasping for the glory of achievement while he shuns the drudgery by which success can alone be won. He talks of building colleges and universities, yet neglects the repair of his district schoolhouse. He dreams of native doctors and lawyers, but has not the stamina to go through the grammar-school. He undertakes to buy a farm, tho he is not ashamed of an unweeded mealie patch. He has not yet learned to be faithful in a few things, but he confidently expects to be ruler over many things. If a youth going out to battle with the world still needs the tender but firm control of a wise father, what shall be said of the native Church in its present development? Is it not true of the native Ohristian, as of the headstrong lad, that the disposition to throw off all restraint only emphasizes his need of parental guidance?

Remembering the absence of a genuine missionary purpose, the influence for lax morals, the impulse given to the racial proclivities for schism and political intrigue, and it is evident that Ethiopianism already add§ its current to the terrible undertow that makes for a carnal Christianity. Such are the forces active within; without, the vices of both civilization and heathenism are rampant. Left to itself, has the native Church enough vital Christianity to inspire it with that self-sacrifice which shall make it a life-giving fountain? Or will it not rather succumb to that self-centeredness which will make it as a death-dealing whirlpool r

1904J THE APOSTLE TO THE BAROTSIS

The three years' war has cleared the way for the settlement of the feud between Boer and Briton. But wo to Africa if the far greater problem of white and black is ever settled by other agency than the Gospel pf Peace and Good Will. The outlook for such. an adjustment is not reassuriug. Neither race is prepared or even disposed to seek a solution based upon the teaching of the Sermon on the Mount. On the native side, who is to lead the way in the application of the prin- ciples of Jesus to social conditions unless it be the missionary?

Such considerations seem to force upon us the question-not, How soon may we go? but, rather, How long can we stay? How long will the churches accept of our cooperation? Let mission extension be pushed to the utmost; but to relax our hold upon the present work would be not only to leave the churches to an uncertain fate, but it would also involve the loss to the advance movement of its base of campaign. That the churches still need missionary supervision will hardly be disputed. But it must be a supervision that is sympathetic, tactful, firm, ever considerate of the sensibilities of pastor and people, blind to slight, callous to rebuff, divested of self-importance, and infused with the spirit of the prophet when· saying: "He must increase, but I must decrease." The Baptist spoke of Him whom he recognized as his infinite superior, but the missionary must exercise this spirit toward those who are beginners in the school of grace. A more difficult and deeply spiritual service never has the missionary in this field been called upon to render. For the helpfulness of such service the native Ohristian is ready and sometimes anxious. Despite the differences of the past and the independent spirit still prevailing, brotherly conference ana Ohristian forbearance are in some quarters already resulting in the restoration of mutual confidence between mission bodies and the native churches. Once it was a blind following of the missionary, now there is something akin to intelligent loyalty to him as a friend and counselor. No doubt the posts of privilege are on the picket-line of the advance to the interior, but Ethiopianism has emphasized the importance of the rear-guard, which has a part to play quite as essential to the full coming of the Kingdom of God.

THE APOSTLE TO THE BAROTSIS FRANCOIS COILLARD. THE FRENCH MISSIONARY OF THE ZAMBESI BY REV. JAMES I. GOOD, D.D. Professor of Church History in the Ursinus School of Theology of the Reformed Church In the United States One of the greatest of living missionaries, and probably the greatest missionary ever sent out by the Paris Missionary Society, is Franyois Ooillard. He is now seventy years old, having been born at Asnieres des Bourges, in France, July 17, 1834. After being prepared

at Paris, in the mission house of the Paris Society, he was ordained and sent to South Africa in 1857.

Coillard began to labor at Leribe, among the Basutos in South- eastern Africa, where for about a quarter of a century he was greatly , assisted by his wife, one of the missionary heroines of the nineteenth cen- tury. Mrs. OoiIlard was a Miss Ohristina McIntosh, of Scotland, and her brave self-sacrifice was as notable as that of her husband. Most nobly she carried out her expressed purpose never to stand between her husband and his duty. "Whereve(you have to go, be it to the end of the world," she said, " I shall follow you."

But altho M. OoiIIard was successful among the Basutos, yet his greatest success has been in the mission to which he went ~ – A~""-'~'~ ; h.- ~ _ §. _ ~ . _. farther north, beyond the Zambesi River. The Basutos heard that there was a tribe farther north, speaking their language, who were still heathen. The question arose: Was it not their duty to give them the Gospel? At first several evangelists were sent on a prospecting expe- dition. Among these was a prominent native Christian named Asher, who came back with a most eloquent plea for the sending of mission- aries to the new field. "Ah!" he exclaimed, "why could I not cut off my arms and legs, and make every limb of mine a missionary to the Banyai ?" His address was electric in its effect. The Basuto congre- gations began at once to collect money to found this new mission, and finally $2,500 was raised. The council of the mission then decided to send a missionary, and a recent arrival named Dieterlen was set apart for the work. He started, but was arrested by the Boers and thrown in prison, so that the mission was broken up. Ooillard's hopes, however, rose with the dangel'. "The Gospel entered Europe by a prison. Forward!" he &aid. Altho he and his wife had been expect- ing to take Il much-needed rest in Europe, after an absence of about nineteen 1ear~ yet when the m.ission asked him to go on an exploring

THE APOSTLE TO THE BAROTSIS

journey to the Banyai, he gave up his furlough and started (April, 1877) on a perilous journey into the jungles, amOlig wild beasts and even wilder men.

The first chief of the Banyai whom they met plotted to throw Coillard and his wife over a precipice. Coillard snatched his wife from danger, and with great difficulty they finally (;scaped. Another chief would have murdered Coillard had not one of the faithful evangelists thrown himself between the mission- ary and the knife. Then a king of the Matebele tribe carried them off and kept them prisoners for four months. He treated them with kindness, but forbade them to locate a mission in his territory. Thus, having been driven away from the Banyai and the MatabeJes, Coillard went on to the Barotsi tribe. They received him ki1':dly, since Livingstone had left the name of missionary in good odor among them. Coil- lard tells how he often felt not CHRISTINJjl HCINTOSH COILLARD a little humiliated at being continually called" Doctor" by them, as they had done to Livingstone.

"Thus," he says, "the first missionary that comes along is invested with the boots of this giant." He did evangelistic work among them at Sheheke, but his evangelists died one after the other, and when they were about to penetrate into the Barotsi tribe, north of the Zambesi, the wet season came on, and so he and his wife returned to the Basutos, after an absence of two years.

The Paris Missionary Society felt itself unable at that time to undertake the great work which invited them beyond the Zambesi, so the ~oble missionary and his wife returnedto Europe, and for two years traveled everywhere, pleading for money and men to found this new mission. With great eloquence, yet with great humbleness, he spoke to multitudes, while his frail body (apparently almost burned up by the terrible Zambesi fever) added force to his appeals. In 1882 Coillard and his wife returned to South Africa, and after spending some time in reviving his old mission at Leribe (during his absence devastated -by a war) finally started for the north, and in October, 1884, al'riv'ed at Leshoma, south of the Zambesi. FrOJt! this point he made a

visit to the King of the Barotsis, Lewanika. The following year they they went farther north to Shesheke, and again visited the king, whc hau hitherto met only white traders, whom he had fleeced at hi~ pleasure. He asked Coillard for all sorts of things, such as candles.

coffee, medicine, etc. Eighteen months later they -penetrated three hundred miles farther into the Barotsi country, and located a perma- nent mission station at Sefula, not far from the king's court at Lealuyi.

Coillard at once began preaching, and opened a school under a tree.

The first lessons in penmanship consisted of writing in the sand. The school began with twenty scholars, two of them sons of the king, and five of them his nephews. After the school had continued nearly a year, it was broken up by the pupils leaving to go out on warlike expe- uitions with the king. So great had been its effect, however, that the king, tho still a heathen, held religious services while on his expedi- tion. Two of the first converts, however, who were forced to join the king fell again into heathen immorality. After a brief interval the school was again opened with forty-eight pupils, one of them, Litia, the son of the king. A girls' school was also started. Litia gradually lost his faith in heathenism, and showed great interest in his studies and in the Christian religion, but did not become a Christian until after he had gone to school in Basutoland. He was evidently influenced thereby the example of the converted heathen, Chief Khama.

His baptism (May 25, 18!l1) was a source of great joy, especially to Mrs. Coillard, whose health had been undermined by the severe suffer- ings through which she had passed in her travels and work. When Litia made his public confession at his baptism, another young man of the royal family burst into tears, and Mrs. Coillard said: "A Barotsi weeping, and weeping about his sins! I thought they had no tears to shed. It is a sight that I wonld have traveled three hundred miles to see." Before another Sabbath had come she had passed to her reward with the words: "I have at last arri ved."

Mrs. Coillard's courage, endurance, self-denial, constant labors, buoyant faith, and cheering hopefulness combined to make her a noble wife and a great missionary. After her death, dark days came to her husband. Litia, alas! went back to the practise of polygamy, altho he was no longer a heathen in belief. The king grew hostile in spirit, and said, "What have I to do with a Gospel that gives me neither guns, nor powder, coffee, nor tea, nor suga_r, nor artisans to work for me?"

He also induced the first convert to leave the mission. Nevertheless, in spite of these difficulties, the mission grew, and after seven years of labor a church was dedicated. Six months later Litia surprised every one by publicly rising in worship and saying: "Henceforth I have broken the bonds of Satan to become a child of God; I have sent away my second wife, so as to obey God." He then made an earnest appeal, which resulted in one hundred and twenty conversions. Since that •

A SUNDAy IN INLAND CHINA

time he has been a regular attendant at the mission services, and is its strongest supporter. His father, Lewaniki, still remains a heathen, but has introduced a number of reforms, having become a total abstainer, and of his own accord has forbidden the manufacture or use of beer. Ohristian nations might well learn a lesson from him in this respect. He has also attempted to put a stop to slavery and infanticide, and has become a comparatively enlightened king. His visit to England at the recent coronation of Edward VIII. awakened great interest. He wrote from Edinburgh to the Paris Missionary Society that he ,desired his country to be covered with a network of mission stations.

Ooillard's continued ill-health led the Paris Society to urge his return to Europe, but he gave as a characteristic reply, "Send us first ten workers, and then I will come and help you find ten others." He was :finally obliged to return in 1896, and again in 1899, but now, altho nearly seventy years of age, he is working without ceasing in this remarkable mhsion.

Many years ago a black minister had invited Ooillard to attend the festival of his church at Kimberley. As he was about to leave, after a very enjoyable season, the minister put into his hand a number of small diamonds, saying, "These represent a day's work of my men; choose which you like." Ooillard turned them over a long time (there were yellow, black, and white), and at last chose a black one.' "Oh, but that is the least valuable," said the minister. "Perhaps so," replied Ooillard, "but I like black diamonds; they are the jewels I am seeking for my Savior's crown."

A SUNDAY IN INLAND CHINA BY MR. WILLIAM TAYLOR, KI-AN, KIANG-SI PROVINCE, CHINA Missionary of the China Inland Mission, 1888- Many an Occidental who has lived in the" Far East" may feel like saying, "There is no Sunday in Ohina"; and it is true, especially of interior Ohina. With the exception of the three great yearly feasts in February, June, and September, respectively, business and labor go on, day after day, without intermission. In most of the trades there is a tacit understanding that workmen may, if they desire, absent themselves from the workshop for three to five days a month, but there is no common day of rest. To the foreigner coming from a< Sundayobserving locality at home, this unceasing toil and noise is tiring and oppressive. Many never get used to it. Ohina as a nation has yet to learn that" lesson in Divine arithmetic," that seven makes more than six, and nine more than ten–a lesson, by the way, that some Western nations and communities, even with the historical proof before their eyes, seem forgetting.

Protellta.nt mi~llion~riEls in Ohina are practically one in seeking to •

lead the Ohinese believers to abstain from labor on this day. In many of our churches, reception into membership is conditioned on the person concerned arranging to "rest from labor" on the Sunday. In others the rules are less strict, and the matter, while urged and com- mended, is not; compulsory.

Olocks and watches are not in general use in inland Ohina. Many of the wealthier class who have such use them more as ornaments than timepieces. As a result, the time of the Sunday services varies with the season of year and the condition of the weather. In June. and July we begin the services about 10 to 10.30 A.M. In December and January often as late as 11.30 A.M. to noon. On a bright day the people come proportionately earlier than on a dull one. Few churches have bells, gongs are occasionally used, and in one instance known to the writer a gun was fired off ten or fifteen minutes before the services began.

The men and women assemble in different halls, and sit about in groups drinking U unsweetened, milkless tea," learning catechism, Scripture, or hymns, or conversing socially, until the time for the first service. Some seven or eight members of the" Scripture Union" meet together before the general meeting for review of the daily portions read during the week, and for prayer on behalf of the members of the Union throughout the world. When the time arrives for the first service, a hand-bell is rung in the courtyard, and all sit down, the men in the church proper a,nd the women in their own hall, adjoining the church. Then during the singing of another hymn the hand-bell is rung again, and the women, who have been led by the missionary's wife, or other lady worker, in a similar, tho still simpler meeting, file into the church-some of them, tho these are principally the non- Ohristians, " hobbling on their tiny feet."

The men sit on the left and the women on the right side of the church, a11 facing the platform, and between them is a railing some three or four feet high. This latter is in deference to Ohinese custom which may take one or two generations to change. 'l'his united meeting is generally called the Ta li-pai (Big Worship Service), and lasts about one hour or a little more.

~ box hangs in front of the pulpit, into which the Ohristians drop their mon.ey offerings. It is divided into three compartments, marked respectively, " Evangelistic Work," " The Poor,"" The Local Ohurch." Over all, in large prominent characters, are the words: "Give Oheerfully."

After about half an hour's intermission the afternoon meeting begins, the men and women together, as in the previous service. The intermission is purposely short, that those coming from a distance (some come five miles) and desiring to remain to the afternoon service may do· so, and yet get away in good time.

A BUNDAY IN INLAND CHINA

The afternoon meeting, which lasts about one hour, is divided into two parts-prayer_and then praise. About thirty minutes are given to definite prayer for specific objects. Such subjects as " The Ecumeni- cal Conference in New York," "The Indian Famine," "The Transvaal and Philippine Wars," or other world subjects, are briefly referred to. News or statistics are also discussed. Special prayer has been continually made during the last few months for a world-wide revival, accord- ing to the Keswick Prayer Circle suggestion. Our general plan, to "pray indefinitely for everything or nothing," reminds us that our Chinese brethren are as human as Christians in other countries. There are often nine or ten short prayers offered. Following the season of prayer comes half an hour of praise in singing.

What often strikes a foreign visitor in these services, is what appears to be a lack of reverence. I say "appears to be," for the Chinese are utter strangers to the form of public meeting in which one person does the talking' and the others sit quietly and listen, and this fact needs to be kept in mind when judging their conduct.

After the afternoon meeting there are generally some Christians or inquirers waiting for private conversation and advice about some home matter or business difficulty. There are also, probably, some applicants for medicine, for whom a few simple drugs are kept. Some non-Ohristians present may also be willing to converse regarding the Gospel, and have a cup of tea with the Ohinese helper or the missionary.

In the evening, shortly after sundown, at "the time of the light… ing of lamps" (as the Chinese put it), a meeting is held for non- Ohristians~men only (respectable women do not come out after dusk). The church is well-lighted, and, after a short prayer, one or two hymns are snng, and the men begin to come in. Some sit only for a short time, and then retire. Interruptions snch as our Lord had (Luke xii: 13) are not uncommon. A pause to call the meeting to order and explain" church decorum" is sometimes necessary. Some may begin to smoke; some to parade listlessly up and down the aisles; some, on a warm evening, may" stretch out" on an empty seat for a doze. But a word or two is often all that is needed to assist the ushers to quietly right matters. Two or three speakers-one or two of which are Ohinese-address the meeting for fifteen or twenty minutes each, emphasizing simply the main points of the Gospel-" God: His greatness, goodness, and nearness"; "the Lord Jesus: His deity, death, resurrection, and power 'to save to the uttermost' (Chinese translation is: 'S(WC down to the very bottom ')," and other topics.

Thus ends the work of a Sunday. The workers often retire tirecl out, but rejoicing in the privilege of being Ohrist's messengers to those who know Him not, eVE}Il WnE}u discQura~emE}nt ~Ild sorrQw pres~ bard upon the spirit,

A NEW EGYPT* BY REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D.D., PHILADELPHIA, PA. Secretary of the United Presbyterian Board of Missions Coming back to Egypt after an absence of fourteen years, I find so many changes that I am compelled to recognize the existence of a .. New Egypt" which was not known fourteen years ago.

Superficial and material changes are always those first to be noticed. English is spoken now quite generally, especially along the main highways of travel. where before French was the passe partout and English was but slightly used. The plain and unassuming little white caps, formerly worn by the street arabs and poorer boys, have quite given way to the mOl'e pl'etentious tarboosh, or head-cloth. The oriental dress is much rarel' in the cities, and European races are a more familiar sight, even in out-of-the-way places, than they were fourteen years ago. Cairo has been so built up that entire sections of the city are literally new creations, and where "Old Cairo" was both a household word and a technical phrase, "New Cairo" has hecome a familiar idea and a literal fact. Cairo is no longer oriental, or is so only when it poses for the benefit of travelers in love with the romantic East.

Back of such superficial changes are deeper changes. Education has increased. An inspection of missionary work alone would lead to this discovery, for the mission school which would have taken the educationallead in a town or village fourteen years ago would to-day scarcely command a general patronage. The mission school has felt the influence of this educational movement, and has had to strengthen its course in order to hold its place. Thereby it has also been compelled to increase the cost of its educational operations.

The government schools, both by their increase in number and in efficiency, have contl'ibuted to this change, but the keenest competition of the mission school is not so much with these as with the private school. The youth of Egypt has become the prize for which rival organizations and faiths are competing. There has been at least a semblance of a revival of learning in the old Coptic Church, and this Church, seeing the inroads made upon its membership by the mission schools, has established schools of its own. The same is true of the Moslems, and there has been a great influx of Roman Catholic schools. The battle for the youth, and thus the future of Egypt, is keen as never before. A concrete illustration will give some idea of the forces which have entered the field. The city of Tanta has in it the following schools: Government school of 500 boys (Moslems). Coptic school of 600 boys. Coptic school of 150 girls. St. Louis school of 150 boys (Jesuit). St. George free school of 250 (Jesuit). St. Mary school of 200 girls (Jesuit). Greek Church school of 50 boys; same of 40 girls. Moslem school of 120 boys. Sayydain school of 80 boys and 50 girls (Moslem). Union school of 96 boys and 70 giNs (Moslem). Jewish school of 40 boys. Twenk school of 40 boys. Many Moslem primary· schools. The great Mosque school of 4,,,00 (Moslem). Presbyterian Mission boys' school. Xresbyterian Mission girls' school.

A NEW EGYPT

I think I am safe in estimating that more than half of these schools do not date back to 1889 or even to 1893. This estimate is more than borne out by the fact that throughout Egypt during the last ten years the candidates for the government primary examination, coming from private schools, have increased from 242 to 1,266, while those from gov- ernment schools have only increased from 693 to 1,079.

The question may suggest itself, "Why not abandon the school as a missionary agency. in view of the increase in the cost of maintaining schools?" The reply is twofold. In the first place, so long as these other educational institutions are surrounded by strong hostile religious influ- ences (as they are), and are not purely secular, the mission is compelled in self-defence to maintain Christian schools for the children of its Prot- estant community. The missionaries also regard the mission school, in spite of the increased cost of its maintenance, as still the cheapest and the most effective method of reaching the life of the non-Christian com- munity for the purpose of evangelizing it. Street or bazaar preaching is not allowed in Egypt. Meetings in a rented hall are not attended to any extent by oon-Christians. Personal work through colporteurs and visit- ing evangelists seems to afford very slight and slow access to the life of a community. and requires, in order to be effective, a tact and a training which can not be found in any great number of the workers now available for Christian service. The chief method left for coming into actual touch with non-Christian lives for purposes of evangelization would still seem to be the mission school.

The most startling change which the past decade and a half has wrought in Egypt is along the line of the increase of wealth and cost of living. Indeed, it would be difficult to find a parallel to this anywhere in our own country. A few figures, secured from an Egyptian land-owner and verified elsewhere, illustrate the new conditions.

Ten years ago you could buy 12 to 16 eggs for' a piaster (5 cents); now you can get only six. Ten years ago, native butter was 2 to 3 piasters a pound; now it is five. Ten years ago meat was 1 to 2 piasters a pound; now it is three and three and a half. A cook's wages, a decade ago, were 1 to 2 L. E. (five to ten dqJlars) a month; now you pay just double. A common servant received ten years ago 40 to 70 piasters a month; now you must give him upward of 120 piasters.

The greatest rise, however, is in land. In the Delta good farm land sold a decade ago at about $325 an acre. The same land sells readily today at $600 to $700 an acre. Nor is the reason hard to see. In 1897 a cantar of cotton sold for $7.25. In 1003 the cantar sold at $18 and the yield of an acre of land is ten cantars. The cotton demand of the world exceeds the supply, but, apart from this, the Egyptian cotton has no superior because of its silky texture aud its long fiber. Other things have also contributed to the increase in price of land. In Egypt the middle class have become well-to-do, and the well-to-do have become wealthy. They have not yet learned to invest in foreign stocks; they wish to have their money invested in something visible and something within reach. Land is their preference, and because everybody wants land, the price goes up. If farming land has risen in price, building land in cities, towns, and even villages has risen still more. Where cost of living and price of land have increased, wages have necessarily increased also.

I have thought it worth while to emphasize these changes which

have taken place in Egypt in the past decade and a half, because it will be seen at a glance that these changes affect vitally our missionary enterpri~e. They increase the difficulty of our task, and they make it unreasonable for us to argue against enlarging estimates on the ground that at least the same amount of missionary work can be carried on from year to year upon the same amount of money.

Changing conditions, however, operate in another direction also. They increase the opportunity, and hence the need for missionat'y effort. Egypt is rapidly waking from her sleep of centuries. Intellectually and commet'cially a great revival is under way. Religious thought is undet'- going great change. It is an opportunity to present anew the evermodern and the all-sufficient Christ to this people.

THE BRIGHTER SIDE OF DARKEST AFRICA * BY REV. MELVIN FRASER, ELAT, WEST AFRICA Missionary of the Presbyterian Board, 1895- Africa has a bad name. The country is spoken of as the abode of ills, forbidding, without a future as without a past. Notwithstanding the scramble of ancient Phamicians, Chaldeans, and all modern Europe for some coveted gold fields and other favored spots of. material resources, the land is relegated to the rear. It is said to be subjectively out of the race that nations run-the tag-end of the world, inhabited by the tag-end of humanity. "I would not go to Afdca for $10,000," said an Illinois lawyer to the missionary. By common' consent, the contents of the country is lumped, and labelled Darkest Africa-a large sign, that he who reads may run, and pass by on the other side.

The time may not be yet to pull down the sign, for this evil repute of long standing doubtless has some stubborn facts behind it; but we are bound to discriminate, for not all parts of Africa are alike, neither have the attractive, redeeming features always received due emphasis. It isa pity for our missionary interests to suffer thr~ugh misapprehension.

Africa gets the credit of being torrid. When the writer was preparing to sail the first time for Africa, a lady in one of the cities said: " What are you going to that hot hole for?" As a matter of fact, this part of Africa (the Kamerun interior) is as unlike a:hole as a mountain is, neither hot nor cold, but rather lukewarm, but deserves not to be spued out. The humid low coast is uncomfortable enough, and often at midday in the interior the sun is trying, and one would better keep out of it or wear a helmet to shield from the subtle power of the rays whic4 seem to affect the brain more than the body. But at our interior elevations of about two thousand feet there is not excessive heat. The writer helped to keep a registedng thermometer three consecutive years in the shade" ,nd the highest point the mercury reached was 88° Fahr. Nights are always comfortably cool, sometimes uncomfortably so. The missionary on furlough in New York has been heard to say, "I never felt the heat like this in Africa." Ohicago, not Africa, is the hot hole in summer. The missionary whose heart is at all warm toward Jesus Christ, and who remembers that He was warm and weary when He sat by the well at • Condensed from The Assembly Herald.

THE BRIGHTER SIDE OF DARKEST AFRICA

midday, and that He sweat drops of blood that night, pas not been heard to complaiB seriously of heat even in exceptional places and times in this region of Africa.

Men tell us, too, that there are no possibilities for the black man, that miSSionary work in Africa is a waste of time, money, and life. So cer- tain disciples spoke of waste when the alabaster box was broken and the precious ointment poured out. True, the Africa heathen are very far down in the horrible pit and the miry clay-there have been centuries of sinking. Pen can not tell the sin and the ignorance of them. Even the inspired penman in the first chapter of Romans did not overstate the sit- uation for the Bulu. The native life by itself is shocking. The native_ unwritten law is eye for eye and tooth for tooth; at the death of any man of repute, the custom has been to require atonement for the occur- rence by human sacrifices, especially of women charged with the crime of witchcraft; women and little girls are bought and sold as goats or gambled away. Aside from local restraints, governmental or Gospel, it is in the main true: every man is a liar, thief, murderer, adulterer, and every woman a slave and harlot by compulsion of circumstances and custom. Oh, the pity of this seething mass 01" helpless depravity I But can these people be made anything of? Yes, if history can be repeated, and if first-fruits are any prophecy, and if the Gospel is the power of God unto salvation. The native is not a bunch of avoirdupois without brains or backbone in his intellectual and moral anatomy. Under the dirt and nakedness of these black skins there is much to appeal to and develop.

Observation of how the natives, shut entirely off from the world for centuries, and groping in the dim light of nature, meet some ofthenecessHies of life, this begets hope for them. A man cuts down a plantain, extracts the fiber, dries it, and twists a strong neat cord; then he is potter, forming a symmetrical clay pot for water, food, oil; with a jackknife he carves a cane of ebony or new gun-stock; without nail or saw, he builds a house with parts fitly joined together. He is blacksmith, constructing his bellows and making his charcoal and sometimes digging his ore, and produces an ax, a hoe, knife, pin, or spear. He sings a senseless ditty, and has made the instrument, less or more musical, on which he plays the accompaniment. The native woman weaves her fishing-net, and is at home cooking the many products of ber garden. The children in the streets build playhouses, and throw the spear skilfully; they draw pictures upon the bark walls of the houses, or upon their own bodies, of all sorts of beasts, birds, reptiles, and have a keen sense of the ludicrous. The missionary who examines these products of the natives' hand and mind is probably amused, but impressed with the practical and artistic sense which they represent. If the natives can do so many things so well without training, what might they not do with instruction, with higher ideals and nobler motives and a broader field placed before them?

The average native is nobody's fool. Tbe European learns, by humiliating experience, to look out for him in bargaining. He is a keen observer, has a good memory, and is not lacking in imagination, tho probably more imitative and mechanical-than constructive and original. He loses his head in an emergency, and being of excitable temperament, quickly flies of on a tangent. He is full of surprises that delight or puzzle, and of disappointments that distress or amuse. But he can be taught,

and wants to be. He admits his ignorance, and is a docile learner and willing follower into new fields of thought and enterprise.

The native children in school learn quickly an,d retain well. Boys have been reading the Gospels within a year from the time of knowing that there is an alphabet. Many a boy can tell in his own words, with accuracy and fulness, many of the sayings of Christ, His miracles and parables, circumstances and purpose of birth, crucifixion and resurrec- tion, as well as rehearse teachings and doings of the apostles. The boys and girls, in capacity and progress, compare well with children of similar opportunities in the home land. Many are diamonds in the rough, pearls in the mud-but they absorb like sponges.

The children have a desire to learn. Hungry people do not reach out for food with more eagerness than that with which the boys have been seen to scramble for a scrap of paper or fragment of book printed in their own speech. They are glad to work thirty-seven hours to buy a Primer. In this interior work the time is passed when pupils needed to be begged or bought to come to school, and thought they were doing the missionaries a favor by coming. The advantages of knowing how to read and write, and of decorum and manly character, have become advertised and recognized, so that a kind of love of learning has set in, and there is competition for a place in the ranks. By mere advertising, a school of four hundred came together at Elat the first term this year, and the records show an average attendance of two hundred and fifty-eight for the year, an average of two hundred and three boarders cheerfully paying in work for food and other necessary supplies. Boys came, and, finding the dormitories full, said, "Have mercy on us; let us stay; we will sleep in the sawpit and under the house, and live on sweet potatoes," and more than a score did so. This desire and ability to learn, on the part of the youth, gives wings to the school work and promise for the new generation.

The possibilities to be counted upon, and test of the value of the work appear, perhaps, to best advantage in the religious life. The native has a broad, susceptible religious nature ready to respond to the ideals within his reach. He interprets whatsoever comes to pass in life as the expression of an invisible something. To him, nothing either. good or bad occurs but by the intervention of a mysterious unseen power residing in witches, amulets, concocted" medicine." The native is constructively religious, and, knowing nothing else, worships fetish, with all its inconsistencies and hideous cruelties. When the ideals of the Gospel are plainly presented they appeal to his understanding and judgment, ~nd take hold of-his heart, and begin to command his obedience.

Since the opening up of the Kamerun interior work ten years ago. hundreds of people have come to tell of their desire to be Christians. By no means have all these proved steadfast or realized what they were doing. There has been a deal of chaff in the wheat. But out of these numbers, two churches have been organized, one at Efulan, one at Elat, and material is in sight for organizing at Lolodorf. Hundreds of others are in classes on probation and in course of instruction f('r membership. When the Kingdom of Heaven has been preached faithfully, many have pressed into it.

What kind of Christians do the natives make? The act of making a public profession of faith in Christ and of entering upon the new life involves an heroic break. A tremendous tide is to be stemmed of temp· tation-often of persecution and ostracism. Not a little of these has beeI1

LETTER FROM AN EX-LAMA OF TIBET

endured for Christ's sake. Women have been flogged by their male masters for attending meetings, and confined days without food for guarding virtue, and charged with murder by the occult power of a Christian witch. A young man recently put away two of his three wives, and received a brutal beating by his tribesmen because he would not add his little sister to the other's plurality of wives. Many a Bulu house is today divided against itself, rent asunder on the Rock Christ Jesus. There are those who have in them the stuff martyrs are made of, who know whom they have believed, and would die rather than yield under coercion and forsake their new-found Lord.

There are boys and young men and women whose records of years show that they will not lie or steal or break the seventh commandment, and this is saying not a little in recognition of the power of God's grace to keep that which is committed to Him in the slums of Africa. With this rising generation the groundwork of polygamy, with all its litter of vices, and which gives occasion to nine-tenths of Bulu troubles and sorrows, is beginning to crumble, and many a young fellow, tired of sin and its wages, is stepping right out of the ranks of heathen society, marrying one wife, and walking honestly in the marvelous light and liberty of the truth that has made him free indeed and happy.

How anyone, while counting the cost, yet seeing the output, the quantity and the quality of it, can say that missions to Africa do not pay, is past understanding. If coming to Africa and being used for the production of such sturdy, intelligent, useful Christian lives as so many of them are, if this is being buried alive, then blessed be the burial.

We have not :;laid that Africa is not dark; she is dark, and for the natives her unwritten history has been one long black night. But much of the darkness is of a kind that light will drive away, and the servant of God who brings that light can live here with all the comfort and safety he needs, and discovers a Kingdom to live for. Come over and help us. The missionary who comes with his lamp t,rimmed and burning in faith, hope, and love meets not a dismal task. Bearers of the torch of Divine Truth find that, in personal experience and actual outlook, even in Darkest Africa there is not more night than day.

LETTER FROM AN EX-LAMA OF TIBET * Our readers will be interested in the translation of a Tibetan letter from the former Buddhist lama, Chompel. It is addressed to the mem- bers of the Moravian Congregation at Indianapolis, who support him as their Bible-reader, or Christian evangelist, to his Tibetan countrymen in Ladak. Owing to the breakdown in health of so many of the Moravian missionaries in the Himalayan field, Kalatse, where Chompel was work- ing under Missionary Francke, has had to be left unoccupied during this winter, so Chompel writes-in pltrt-as follows from Leh: LEH, via KASHMIR, IJecembe'l' 15, 1903. My DEAR BROTHERS AND SISTERS,-I am sending you a greeting of . peace. By the mercy of God, I am in good health. I can not compre- hend the guidance of the Lord in calling me from the interior of Tibet to preach His Word here. As it is very cold just now, it is really difficult to .. From At the Threshold.

go upon this errand. The river is frozen over, and the sheep and goats cross it on the ice. But our Lord suffered even to giving His life for us all, and I am pleased to suffer for my Tibetan friends.

Many of the people understand what the Gospel means, but they answer me like this: "We like your tidings about salvation in Jesus, but we also like the religion of our forefathers." I reply that a man can not ride on two horses. If he tried, one leg would be carried off in one direc· tion and the other leg in the other direction. You can not side with the devil and serve the true God. Your gods are idols and they can not do anything. I am a Christian, and therefore I do not trust in them, nor in the Grand Lama, who professes to be an incarnation of Buddha. I believe in the Son of God, who dwells in heaven. God is not in need of riches or goods; what He wants is our hearts. If we love Him with all our hearts, we shall live in accordance with His Word, and then we shall love the poor, the widows, the sick, and also our parents. The greatest sin is to bow down before idols. You say you believe in God, but tho you may declare that you are clean, yet if you have not been cleam,ed by God from your sins, then you are like a dirty hand. You know that the hands will not keep clean; we have to wash them again and again. Just so is it with ourselves; we have to pray God again and aga.in to forgive us our sins.

Now, my brothers and sisters, if I were alone in this work I could do nothing. But our Lord God has given you to me as my helpers in it, so I go and preach without fear. Altho I have neither home nor house, you are my friends-yea, my father and mother. Therefore I will gladly go out as an evangelist to tell the people the Gospel of our Lord.

Brother Stobgyes has been much abused by his father and mother. They said: "If you become a Christian, neither the field nor the house will be given to. you. There are nine other men in the family to do the work, and they have to eat and drink. We can do without you." Altho they have treated him like that, he has not fallen away. Please pray to God "for the new brethren in this country. This letter is offered to all my dear brothers and sisters (in America) with my greetings.

When Chompel writes that the love of God in our hearts will beget a true love to our neighbor, he enumerates not only the poor and the sick, but also the widows, who are greatly despised and neglected by his heathen countrymen. It is not many years since he himself lay, deserted, poor and sick, beside the road to a famous place of pilgrimage. There he was found by one of his countrymen, who was a Christian, and who became in every respect a "good Samaritan" to him: It will be noted that he adds that if we love God we shall love our parents also. Nobody in that Tibetan land would have more reason to thank God if a great wave of love to Jesus Christ came over the country, than the aged fathers and mothers, whose lot is only too often to be turned out of house and home when their children grow up. He has learned that God is not like the idols to be seen in those lamaseries, always demanding offerings and gifts, but that He is the great Giver, who spared not His own Son, but'

will with Him freely give us all things, The man whom he names Brother Stobgyes is one of the candidates for baptism. Nowhere are our Lord's words more true than in Tibet, about the effect of His Gospel in dividing families until all are united in Himself, Stobgyes, being the eldest son of his parents, ought to inherit the house and the fields, or little terraces on the mountain side, which belong to it. But because he wishes to be a Christian his parents. will disinherit him, and the other members of the family will be only too glad to get rid of him, so that they may have the more. No, it is no easy matter for a Tibetan to become a Christian.

AN UNOCCUPIED TERRITORY IN CHINA

AN UNOCCUPIED TERRITORY IN CHINA * BY REV. WILLIAM DEANS, IOHANG, HUPEH, CHINA Missionary of the Chnrch of Scotland In connection with the "Appeal" to the home churches for an increase of missionaries, formulated at Kuling, it may not be unwise to draw attention to many districts in China which might be called" unoccupied territory." If such an "appeal" be answered, the new missionaries should not concentrate in present occupied territory. Why not push out into new regions-some practically untouched, some very inadequately wrolght?

The settling of missionaries in a district may be overdone. For example, when a few years ago Hunan was opened to missionary work, the cry was "To Hunan!" Existing missionary societies sent men into the province, and new societies determined to oceupy the place also. Many important places were thus neglected, and Hunan possibly in danger of being overdone.

We would draw attention to three districts radiating from Ichangsouthwest, northwest, and northeast. These three dirtricts are unoccupied by any resident missionary, and are only partially reached by native evangelistic agency.

1. The Southwest District.-A glance at the map of Hupeh will show a triangular stretch of country with the Yangtse as base and ghi-nanfu as apex, with Sz-chuan and Hunan boundaries as lines of the triangle.

This triangular district is unoccupied by any missionary society, and to a large e~tent has no evangelizing agency. Protestant missions are only touching its borders, tho in some parts of it the Roman Catholics are strong. The district is mountainous and not very densely populated. Passing through it is It very important trade route between Szchuan and Hunan and Shasi. This route touches the city of Shi-nan, but does not come near·Ichang. The imperial road from Ichang to Wanhsien and the west is through this part of the country.

A missionary settlement in Shi-nan would reach a hitherto unoccupied and unworked country, and would be well worth the consideration of societies seeking a new field.

The following are the principal places in the district, with stages from Ichang: Shi-nanfu, nine days from Ichang and seven days to Wan-hsien, a large town on the Yangtse in Sz-chuan. Wan-hsien is to be opened as a treaty port at an early date, so either it or Ichang could he made the headquarters and line of communication for the district.

Li-chuan, twelve days from Ichang and three days from Shi-nan. The following hsiens are under jurisdiction of Shi-nan: En-shih, incorporated in Shi-nanfu. Kien-shih, one hundred and twenty li; Han-feng, two hundred and forty li frClm Shi-nan. Hsien-en, ninety li; Lai-feng, three hundred and sixty li from Shi-nan.

Besides these places there are Chang-yang, two days distant by road from Ichang. It can be reached in one day, going partly by water and partly by road. Chang-Io, another town, is distant two days south from Chang-yan'g, and Ho-feng five days from Chang-Io.

… Condensed from The Ohinese Recorder.

It will be seen the district is of large extent, with abundant opportu- nities for work of all kinds. It is really virgin soil for any missionary society that cares to enter in. Supplies could be had from Ichang. The letter-carriers from Ichang to Chungking p~ss within sight of the walls of Shi-nan.

2. The Northeast District.-This district stretches from the Yangste to the Han River. The northerly part is hilly, the easterly a plain, with many villages highly cultivated. Considerable evangelistic work is done here by the Church of Scotland Mission and the Swedish Mission.

A very extensive district with abundant opportunities stretches from Shasi on the Yangste through a vast plain to the hills near <the Han. There are large villages and towns in this part, such as Ho-yung, Tan-yang, Yuan-an, Kin-men, Yii-ki-ho, Kuan-wing-shih. Ideal places for residences and more permanent work under foreigners would be Tan- yang or Kin-men. Tan-yang is forty-five miles from Ichang, and can be reached by road in two days. It has also water commnnication with Shasi. Kin-men is two days farther on, and only one day from the Han River. It.is a beautiful spot, surrounded by hills and with a supply of the finest spring water. The telegraph passes through Kin-men en route for Hsiang-yang and the north. We understand the Imperial Post is soon to be established in the district.

The Sw~dish Mission occupies, with native agents, Ho-yung, Tan-yang, Yuan-an. The Church of Scotland Mission crosses the line of Swedish stations and works a district by Yu-ki-ho. which connects with the Wes- leyan Mission's outstations around Kin-men and toward An-lofu.

In our opinion, this large, well-populated district should have some resident foreign missionary, and if none of these societies intend settling foreigners, it is an opportunity for some new society to enter in and develop the field. Beyond Yuan-an and stretching northward to Hsiang- yang, on the Han, is a district literally unoccupied and untouched.

3. The Northwest District.-From Ichangto KW'ui-fu, in Sz-chuan, is a stretch of the Yangtse, reckoned about two hundred miles, with towns and villages on the banks. This part is almost direct west from Ichang. No evangelistic work is being done over this area. Beyond the – river to the northwest is an inland district, mountainous and sparsely populated, unvisited by any missionary. The China Inland Mission occupied Kwui-fu and Wan-hsien, and work the surrounding places, but from Ichang to Kwui-fu is a field open to any new agency. As usual, the Roman Catholics are progressive and Protestant converts are few.

A station could be opened at Pa-tung or Kwui-chow, both in Hupeh, and from these centers a good work could be done up and down the river and inland from the river. With the opening of new treaty ports beyond Ichang and a possible steamer traffic, the population in the river towns and villages will increase. It seems a pity that such a stretch of river is unworked by any mission. Present missions in Ichang can not under- take further extension for lack of workers.

It would be well if new societies hoping to send workers to China could have attention drawn to vacant, unoccupied districts, and thus, instead of overpopulating one district, and consequently overlapping in work, could occupy an unrestricted field.

1904J EDlTORIALS

EDITORIALS HEDLEY VICARS read I. John 1: 7. vately qualified himself to take oband, profoundly meditating on it, servations, etc.; and then as he he said: ., His blood cleanseth me moved inward he carefully kept from all sin. Then I will hence- notes of his journey and route and forth live as becomes a blood- the places visited, so that his notes washed man." have been found exceedingly valu- able scientifically, and the society Mr. F. S. Arnot gave him $300 for a scientific outfit of the necessary instruments for At Bristol, England, March 10th, further scientific purposes. there was held a series of farewell meetings, in view of the return of After some months spent in hold- Fred S. Arnot to West Afdca, al- ing meetings on the continent, Mr. ready referred to in the March Arnot is to take leave of his wife at issue. The exercises were of deep Lisbon, and will go to Africa to interest, but all else paled beside look after the work on which his Mr. Arnot's simple, unpretent,ious heart is set. He will not return to narrative of his former experience his wife and family under two in J arenganze and West Africa. He years. Let much prayer follow told especially of his visit January him. 1, 1882, to the Bakuba tribe on the Kushibe River, never before visited The Effect of Russian Rule. by any missionary. They came together in thousands, and the Many wonder that Christians chief, after hearing Arnot, declared who pray and work for the coming he was ready to take the new Feti of God's Kingdom in Asia should as his own, and burn all his own be so strongly opposed to the spread fetishes; and actually a large num- of Russian dominion. Perhaps they ber of fetishes were destroyed. Yet will understand this more clearly this tribe has not yet one mission- when they read the following artiary! And there are fifty more in cle from the treaty recently conthe vicinity, between the Kongo cluded between Russia and Tibet: and Zambesi rivers, in the same destitution. There are 1,500,000 Art. 3.-Entire liberty in what square miles inviting-laborers, and concerns Russian Orthodox as well no means of supplying them. as Lamaist worship will be intro- duced in Tibet; but all other relig- When King Lewanika was in ious doctrines will be absolutely Great Britain and met Mr. Arnot, prohibited. For this purpose the he introduced to him his prime Grand Lama and the superintendminister, and he proved to be one ent of the Orthodox Peking Misof Arnot's converts! Another in- sion are bound to proceed amicably stance of the fact that it is not the and by mutual consent, so as to number but the character and in- guarantee the free propagation of fluence of converts that tells on the both religions and take all necesheathen and the work of God. sary measures for avoiding relig- ious disputes. It will interest readers to know that on the maps of the Royal Geo- In plain words, Russia proposes graphical Society, "Arnot's Route" to exclude all religions except her is the only traveler's course offi- own and that of the country in cially marked, and for the reason question. She no doubt does this that, before he went out, he pri- in the interests of unity, but not of liberty. Russia is intolerant, and acts on the principle that the State should control the livel! and con-

sciences of the people. The result island in the northern seas; and of her policy is seen in the igno- because this is in accordance with rance of her common people, the Christ's will so far as we can know dissatisfaction of her intelligent it. I may add that in this promise classes, and the wretched lot of her of power from on high, I seem to political prisoners. hear an encouraging echo of that Another Noble Testimony to Missions other saying of His, "Fear not There is force in testimony which little flock "-despite weakness and comes incidentally. Many a noble mistakes-" for it is the Father's British officer in India has certified good pleasure to give you the King- ** within his knowledge to the excel- dom–for Me."

lence of missionaries and their Work for Educated Spaniards work. An accidental, so to speak, Mrs. Charlotte Fenn, wi'dow of word of endorsement of them Albert Fenn, a well-known mis- came in October last from Sir An- sionary in Madrid, has been drew Frazer, R.C.S.I., the present prompted to seek to reach the up- Lieut.-Governor of Bombay, on per and educated classes in Spain. The essentials of her plan are the board a steamer in the Gulf of preparation and sending by post of a series of well-adapted and neatly Aden. He had consented to pre- prepared booklets, fitted to awaken the interest of the reader in eternal side at an extemporized social mis- things, and lead to a clear under- standing of the way of salvation. sionary gathering, and in his intro- The manuscripts are first to be submitted to an educated Christian duction to the occasion said, as re- Spaniard for sugge"tions, both as to matter and style, and the bookported in the Bombay Guardian: l~ts will be printed in Spain, and Circulated from various centers, I do not attach much weight- accompanied by slips printed in not to use stronger language-to England, inviting confidential corthe unfavorable reports of mission respondence. Dr. Robert Fenn work brought to us by those who will be associated with his mother have no sympathy with it, who in the work. The booklets will never have known a missionary, follow one another at intervals, who have never visited a mission addressed to tbe same persons. college 01' mission church, who have made no effort to understand Tbe classes sought in this effort those who have come under mis- have been but little reached by tbe sionary influence. We Englishmen ordinary means. Portions of are not accustomed to listen with Scripture are being already circurespect to jUdgments based on such lated by post, and this will open want of knowledge and want of the way for other efforts. As the sympathy. For myself, I have had postage rate on printed matter is ex.ceptional opportunities of seeing especially cheap in Spain, the exmiSSiOnary work and of testing its pense of such work will be proporvalue, and I honor the missionary tionately lessened. body as a whole, not only for their purely "eligious work, but also for Mrs. Fenn has the entire confitheir medical and educational work dence of the editors of this REVIEW, and their cooperation in social im- and tbe body of referees in Engprovement. land whose names are attached to bel' circular is quite sufficient to I also desire to confess my faith inspire the firmest assurance that in the Lord Jesus Christ, in the everything will be done according Christian religion, and in that Holy to the will of God and the 'Vord of Book from which an extract has God. There will be no trifling just been read in our hearing. . . • with the Truth, and no lack of I sympathize with mission work frugality in the use of the funds. * because of the need that exists; people whom one learns to love, • Those who feel led of God to assist in this lack the consolations of Ohrist; be- work might send donations directly to Mrs caus,e we should pass on to them Charlotte Fenn, 44 Scarisbrick New Road' the blessings which missionaries So?thp,?rt, England. The editors of this mag: brought centuries ago to our own azme Will be glad to act as mediators trans- ferring funds without expense, '

BOOKS FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

BOOKS FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY A MANUAL ON MOHAMMEDAN OBJECTIONS TO silence our opponent, nor to gain THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION. By Rev. W. a mere logical victory, but to win souls for Christ. The object that St. Clair Tisdall, D.D. London, 1903. we have in view in controversy is merely to remove stumbling-blocks; At the request of the C. M. S. we must not expect it to convert a Committee, Dr. Tisdall has pre- soul; that is the work of the Holy pared this admirable, practical, and Spirit." No one can get a better concise manual for missionaries. idea of the reai nature of the Mos- The author is eminently fitted for lem problem than from this book. the task. He is facile princeps Every worker among Moslems among missionary students of Is- needs it; by mastering it the ·nov- lam in its literature, and has had a ice will become almost a veteran. large practical experience of the Moslem attitude toward the Gos- z. pel in Persia and India. Such a band-book of apologetics fills a SIEGE DAYS. By Ada IIaven Mateer. 12mo, long· felt want not supplied by the 408 pp. ,1.25. Fleming II. ReveU Co. history of Mohammedan contro- 1004. versy, as given by Muir and Wherry, nor by the controversial This comely and fascinating vol- works in Arabic and other lan- ume relates to the nine memorable guages which deal with special weeks of siege and semi-siege enphases of the vast subject. This dured in Pekin in 1900 by 71 men, book covers the whole ground fairly women, and children. The plan of well, and is interestingly written the work is quite novel and original. in the form of a dialogue. In the It is a book by, of, and (in many Introduction the author shows the respects at least) for women, and is need, purpose, limitations, and composed of a multitude of exabuse of controversy, and then fol- tracts from diaries, letters, and low eight chapters on the subject recollections, varying in length proper. The general objections of from two or three lines to several Moslems are first considered; then pages, largely taken from articles their contentions regarding the published in various religious genuineness of Scripture, the Trin- papers and missionary magazines. ity, the Atonement, etc., follow in The happenings of those days, passorder. Even those miscellaneous. ed in sore trial and peril, are given objections hurled at· the bazaar- often by several witnesses, and so preacher by ignorance or fanati- are seen from divers points of view. cism find a place and a reply. The Tho the reader can not but realize treatment is always succinct and what horrors unspeakable were ento the point, but especially worthy dured, yet even more he is made of praise is the argnment for the acquainted with the abundant genuineness of the Bible. No place solace and comfort vouchsafed by is given to destructive criticism, the assurance that the great Friend and the authority of the Word of and Father was continually pres- God vindicated. The Appendix ent. Certain of the Psalms took gives a useful list of weapons in on a new meaning, and the promthe battle for the truth, and indi- ises possessed a pertinence and cates further lines of study. The power never before so fully tested. spirit of the book is not polemic It is more than doubtful if the nor dogmatic, but irenic and sym- average reader can find a volume pathetic. "Our aim is not to upon this theme which will im- press him more deeply than thi!;l

one, or will picture more vividly DR. BARNARDO. By J. H. Babb. S. W. Part- the thrilling scenes attending this ridge & Co., London.

memorable passage in missionary This is the life story of the great friend of orphans and waifs, who history. *** never turns away a needy case. He began in a most humble way, THg WONDERFUL STORY OF UGANDA. By J. already set forth in these pages. D. Mullins. Illustrated. 12mo. 224 pp. He, by a sort of accident. came to 28. Church Missionary Society, Lonnon, know that poor boys were sleeping 1904. out in the streets, in winter weather, without a covering. This The story of Uganda is indeed led him to undertake to provide wonderful, but this account of it is shelter and food-at first for a somewhat disappointing. It is too few, then more and more, until he brief, and omits too many interest- has cared now for over 52,000 boys ing facts and incidents which help and girls, established over 100 septo make the story marvelous. We arate homes, sent out 15,000 emibelieve that there is a great oppor- grants to Canada, and is maintaintunity for a larger history of ing and fitting for service over Uganda missions which will com- 7,000 daily. His greltt resort is bine the best features of the many prayer, and his life story abounds books that have been written on in singular answers and providenthe country, its people, and tial interpositions. missions. THg LIFJ< OF JAMES CHALMERS. By Richard "The Story of Ham Mukasa, Lovett. 8vo. Religious Tract Society, Told by Himself," is appended, London. Fleming H. Revell Co. 1903. and furnishes a concrete account of how one man found the light. but This is one of the most inspiring even his story does not prove es- of all modern missionary books. It pecially unique or remarkable. It is full of a strong, sensible, virile gives, however, the picture. of piety. He was fully absorbed in native life, and the transformation his work. His courage was excepof one character which is always tional and contagious. It emboldinstructive and encouraging. * ened disciples while it made cow- ards of foes. We have seldom met CHILD-LIFII: IN MISSION LANDS. Edited by any narrative so full of exposures Ralph E. Dlffendorfer. 16mo, 180 pp. 5Oc. and signal deliverances. He im- Jennings & Pyr, Cincinnati. 1904. pressed even cannibal savages as a prince among men, and strange These stories of children of other chiefs obeyed him like slaves. We lands are ex:cellent, and the book recommend the perusal of this is valuable from a missionary book to all who love missions. standpoint. It was prepared by several writers as a text-book for THE HYMNAL. Prepared by a Union Commit the Forward Mission Study Course, tee, Tokyo, Japan. 1903. and while all the fields are not covered, enough are presented for the This large Japanese hymnal of purpose. Two of the children whose stories are presented are Chinese, nearly 500 hymns marks a decided one is Mexican, one African, two live in India, one in Italy, one in step in advance in the work in Ja- Korea, and one in Japan. These delightful pictures of child-life also pan. It was published by a comshow how much is lacking in their surroundings and training which is mittee through the cooperation of essential to right development and the Protestant missionaries of vaa preparation for eternal life, * riOllS denominations, and can not fail to impress the Japanese with the essential unity of the Christian Ohurch, ,

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE AMERICA Confederate Veterans, of Grenada, Beneficant In the Review of Giving for Reviews for April, Miss. The following significant Eleven Years G. J. Hagar gives resolutions were unanimously this table of American benefactions since 1893: adopted at a recent and largely 1893 …•.•…….••••• OVer $~9,000,000 attended meeting of the camp: 1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . " 1895 …….. , .. . . … .. " 32,000,000 1. That we are unalterably op- 1896 …………..•… " 32,800,000 posed to the lynching of a human 1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .." 27,000,000 being, save perhaps for the one un- 1898……………… " 45,000,000 mentionable crime. 1899 ……………… " 38,000,000 1900 ……•.•……… " 62,750,000 2. That as Confederate veterans 47,500,000 and law-abiding citizens of Missis- 1901… ..•. .. … . ….." sippi and of the United States, we 1902 …•..•.•..•…•.. " 107,360,000 are violently, vehemently, and 1903 …..•.•••••…… " 94,000,000 eternally opposed to the practise 95,000,000 of burning a human being for any crime whatsoever. Total.. .••.•.. …" $610,410,000 3. That we appeal in thundering If the omitted items could be tones to all Confederates, their gathered accurately. it would be wives, and daughters, and to that quite reasonable to assume that great and glorious organization, this aggregate for eleven years the Daughters of the Confederacy, would be swelled by at leas't $250.- one and all, to arise in their might, 000.000; but the known amounts, and by precept and example, voice while doubtless far short of the and pen, moral force and influence, real total, are monumental. The help put a stop to this diabolical, annual average of givers was not barbarous, unlawful, inhuman, and far from 400. ungodly crime of burning human beings. Railroads Ten railroad com- Fostering the panies, centering at The Gospel Not thousands but Y. M. C. A. St. Paul and Min- of Cleanliness millions of colored neapolis, have united in aiding in the establishment for Negroes people are waiting of a Railroad Young Men's Chris- for the outstretched tian Association for their employees at Midway Yards, between the hand of Christianity, the touch of two cities. A $30,000 building, erected for a stock exchange and Jesus, the contact with intelligent, never used, has been turned over by the railroad companies to the sympathetic helpfulness. Where association and opened recently. The General Manager of the Great can this touch be given and where Northern Railway, in a speech at the opening, said: "I look for the felt as in the home? A missionary rapid extension in the northwest of railroad associations." The among the colored people, when building was furnished from a fund raised by railroad men and citizens. asked, .. What are you doing?"

Anti-L)'llcbing It is exceedingly replied, " Caring for immortal Crusade in pleasant to be able the South to record that an souls in ebony houses." Y.'es, and anti-lynching cru- they are also caring for the houses sade has been inaugurated by the W. R. Barksdale Camp, United of these souls, for multitudes sin and suffer because they know so little about their bodies. The teach- ing of some of the missionaries was characteristically emphasized by the woman who exclaimed: "I will, honey, I will look up to God and clean up my ho-qse." She had the right conception of the order, Godliness, th",n cleanliness; as in- separable as faith and works. The influence of a growing plant helped to get one home in better condition;

the introduction of a pretty pic- the Oumberland Presbyterians; , ture wrought a change in another. while the two great branches of the In view of such facts, how numer- 1,Iethodist Episcopal Ohurch seem ous are the opportunities of South- more than likely soon to adopt a ern Baptist women to extend a common order of worship, a comhelping hand, and to influence for mon hymnal, and common cate- good those who are at our doors, chism. looking to us for help!-Foreign Mission Journal. How One The Rev. J. B. Law- Pastor Took rence, pastor of the A Fund to The John O. Martin His Offering Baptist Ohurch at Educate Educational Fund Brownsville, Tenn" had printed and distributed among Colored was established to his members the following card, in order to help him in his foreign Preachers help colored preach- mission collection. The result was a pleasing surprise to his members, ers, teachers, and The church went up from $85.32, their contribution in 1903, to $210. Ohristian workers in the South. Others to hear from makes the church fairly sure of $250. This is This is done by means of Bible con- another illustration of what can be done when there is "a definite aim ferences and lectures at central and a live pastor" : points. Mr. Martin hopes by this It takes $600.00 to pay the salary of a for- eign missionary. This divided into months, means to train true leaders by I weeks, and days, is as follows: drawing them from politics to One year …… $600 00 Two weeks ….. $2500 church work. Six months …. 300 00 One week …… 1250 Three months. 150 00 One day……. 1 78 From June 1,1900, to November One month…. 50 00 One hour…… 17 1, 1003, the following excellent re- How much of his time do you WiS'l to pay for? suIts have been achieved: 00 Sun- How many days do you wish to work in the day-schools and young people's foreign field?

societies have been organized, dis- I will pay $ … _…….. , which employs a worker in the foreign field for_ ……… ;days, tributed as follows: Texas, 6; Louis- _……….. weeks, ………… months.

iana, 16; South Oarolina, 36; Geor- Four Years' The total member- Growth in ship in the foreign gia, 28; Arkansas, 4; 77 lectureships Methodist conferences of the have been maintained, 19 in Texas, Missions M. E. Ohurch (in- cluding probation- 8 in Louisiana, 37 in South Oaro- ers) has grown from 182,104 in lina, 9 in Georgia, and 4 in Arkan- 1899 to 216,476 in 1903-an increase of 34,372, or 17 per cent.. The resas: 659 lectures and sermons have gions most fruitful in accessions to membership have been: Korea, been delivered; 1,639 preachers, from 3,897 to 6,915; the Philippines, from a handful to 7,842; Northwest 1,742 teachers, and 24,550 other peo- India, from 34,469 to 42,672; Gujarat district, Bombay Oonference, from ple have attended the meetings; 11 3,443 to 10,985. Th~ number of Sunday-school pupils has grown libraries, 1,029 Bibles, and 549 other from 191,917 to 230,l58-a gain of 38,241, or 19 per cent. religious books have been sold.

Nearly 300,000 tracts were distrib- uted. Twelve libraries were sold in other States. * The Approach The numerous di- to visions of the Ohris- Christian Unity tian Ohurch are steadily and rapidly approaching unity and federation.

Not to name other similar move- ments, the Oongregationalists are earnestly canvassing the question of organic union with the United Brethren and the Methodist Prot- estants; and the Presbyterians with

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

An Alaskan In the latter eigh- to walk back again, discouraged Evangelist ties, Edward Mars- because the school was too full to den, a Tsimpshean, was brought to the Sitka school, admit more and with no funds to where he forged ahead of all his companions in all his studies. enlarge. * From Sitka he went to Carlisle, Pa., where he tarried only a Brazil's Writing in the short time, passing thence to Mari- etta College, Ohio, then under the Christian Herald and Pres- presidency of the Hon. John Eaton, former United States Commissioner Army byter, Rev. E. Vanof Education. Passing through the college, he wfnt to the theological orden states that seminary itt Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, and while taking a theologi- there are 10,000 native Christians cal course, in order that he might be more useful to his own country, belonging to the Presbyterian he studied law. In the same season he was both ordained to the Church, divided into 6 presbytework of the Gospel ministry, and, I believe, admitted to the bar. Re- ries fully equipped for the work, orturning to his own people under a commission. from the board of ganized after patterns of the home missions of the Presbyterian Church, he secured, through the mother churches, and having their contributions of friends, a small steam-launch, of which he is cap- boards of home and foreign mistain, pilot, and engineer, and with which he is visiting 18 villages sions, church erection, education, along the coast of Alaska, teaching and preaching the Gospel of the and publication. And there is an- Lord Jesus Christ. other powerful army corps of 5,000 Walked One Two young men Thousand Miles from the northern Methodists, and perhaps another to School part of the State of divi"lion of similar strength of Bap- Sinaloa, Mex i co, tists, Episcopalians, and smaller walked more than 1,000 miles, between their home and Guadalajara, sects. In Rio de Janeiro and Nichin order to join the mission training-school. One of these is a full- teroy, across the bay, there are 3 blooded Indian of the Mayo tribe, and is now in preparation for Presbyterian churches which sup- Christian work among his own people. Ten other students have port their whole work and need no come from the State of Sonora, most of them walking over the help from abroad. The pastor of mountains for several hundred miles to reach the railroad. At the the First Presbyterian Church pubbeginning of the present year two boys, who had walked 100 miles to lishes a weekly religious paper, and come to .the school, were compelled is the author of several pamphlets.

The Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation has a building of its own and does good work.

EUROPE A Histol')" of William Canton, of a Hundred London, has put Years the world underob- ligation by writing the marvelous history of the Brit- ish and Foreign Bible Society in two large volumes. Concerning this volume, the British Weekly makes this suggestive comment: Most salient is the impression produced from the beginning to the end of the providential nature of the long high labor. The Bible Society was not a mere human con- ception, but a divine inspiration. Like the wall of Jerusalem, it was built in troublous times. In the vivid and graphic introduction Mr. Canton reminds us that when the Bible Society was started in 1804

there was dire need for a protagon- Upper Canada Bible Society, March ist who should cope with the fury 8, sent £2,000 by its president, Dr. of the revolution and shatter the Hoyles, as "a special birthday present to the mother society from colossal power of Napoleonic her biggest daughter." March 12 a tyranny. In November, 1793, when woman sent £1,000 to be acknowl- edged under the heading .. The the Goddess of Reason. garlanded Word of the Living God." The inwith oak leaves, was being en- mate of a home for reduced gentlethroned on the High Altar of Notre women sent lOs. A gold bracelet and a gold scarf-pin were sent Dame, William Carey was sailing anonymously. A boy sent 3d., his within sight of the coast of Bengal. "lunch money." Mr. R. A. Gorell, of Norwich, who was born in the In the following year, when Robes- same year as ihe society, sent a pierre was giving legal sanction to chequ~ for £100, while 100 farth- ings were received March 7 from the " existence of the Supreme " an elderly and poor woman, as a Being," Samuel Marsden, the thankoffering for the blessed apostle of New Zealand, had begun Bible."

his labors among the convicts of New Medical In a recent issue, Botany Bay. Just at the time Missionary Medical Missions at when Christian missions on a large Problems Home and Abroad says: The progress scale were being established. there of evangelization in Eastern lands sprang up the auxiliary that they is raising, of necessity, ever new needed. Yet nothing could have questions and problems. for the Church of Christ. All these are been more appal'ently uncontrived provided for in the infiniteness of than the commencement. – the wisdom and power of the Church's Head. It is for the Church The Recent Not many events in to recognize from step to step her Anglo-French l'ecent years mean Lord's will, and to lay herself along- side of the new conditions and Treaty more for peace and claims. Recently, within a few the general prog- days of eacb other. two papersca,me to us, one bearing on the education ress of the Kingdom than the sign- in medicine of the Chinese-shall it ing, a few days since, of a treaty be, in any sense or measure, in Chiby these two gl'eat world powers, nese hands? The other on the whose projects and interests have future of medical missions in the hitherto so often come into collision. The mutual concessions re- East-shall the native Christian late to Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, Church in due time take over the Western Sudan, Madagascar, Siam, mission hospitals and work them and the New Hebrides, as well as as a permanent Christian agency 1 the Newfoundland fisheries. There In either case, of course, the alterwas just and generous yielding on native is secularization; that mediboth sides, and as a result divers cal education, and that the divine bitter disputes, some of them exist- gift of healing shall be wholly secuingfor centuries, have been brought larized. to an end. More Anti- The struggle be- Some During the week Clerical Action tween the govern- Centenary ending March 12 Donations over 2,000 remit- in France ment and the tances were re- Church of Rome ceivedat the Bible House, and when reached a further stage a few weeks the April Reporter went to press the payments and pledges to the since. when, after the entire sup- Centenary Fund exceeded $500,000, witb tbese incidents attending: A gentleman called at the Bible House March 4, and left a Bank of England note for £1,000 from liis wife and himself, declining, however to give their address. A vice- president March 7 sent £2,000. The

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENOE

pression of teaching by the religious dox Church, and numbers 25,000 orders, it was further ordered by converts. Work is carried on the Chamber of Deputies that from in many parts of Siberia and the every court-room all religious pic- adjacent countries, in Alaska, tures, crosses, symbols, etc., should Kamtchatka, Astrakhan, Kazan, be removed. It remains to be seen etc., and in China, Korea, and whether these radical revolutions Japan. The number of Chinese will make for the advance of Prot- converts before the Boxer troubles estantism, or merely for the fur- was only 700, and of these 400 per- therence of secularism and infi- ished. In Japan, where the work delity. was begun about 1860, there are Church Rev. Paul de now 34 Russian missionaries, with Fellowship and Schweinitz has re- 152 catechists, and more than 25,000 converts. The latest financial Cooperation cently given us an statement available is that for 1899, in German" account of the plan in which year the expenditure on the missions was $141,980. established by 14 German missionary societies for practical cooperation in mission Y. M. C. A. According to the work. The movement started in 1895, and has now attained to a in Springfield Repubstanding and influence which are of great value in avoiding friction St. Petersburg lican, the cordial at home and abroad, and in promoting harmony and fraternity. It feeling which many has also enabled the societies to act as a unit in all negotiations with Americans hold for Russia as the the government in the German colonies in establishing the rights traditional friend of the United of missionaries. An executive committee of 5 constitute the working States is expressed in an. offer of force of the organization. $50,000, which James Stokes has forwarded the society for the moral improvement of young men in St.

Petersburg. One of the conditions named by Mr. Stokes is that $100,- 000 more be raised in Russia for this building. There is little doubt Russian The history of mod- but that this will be done, as many Foreign ern missions in of the leading men or" Russia are Missiolls Russia may be said backing the organization. The head of the society is Prince Olden- to date from about bourg, who is closely related to the the year 1825. Much had been done Czar. Prince Hilkoff, minister of before this time among the Siberian the Russian railroads, is a deeply tribes and others, and as early as interested member, and proposes 1714 a mission had been sent to to organize railroad associations at Peking (without permanent re- the division points on the Russian sults); but the eighteenth century, railways. The Chamber of Comas in England, had been a period of merce and banking institutions of stagnation, and it was not till the St. Petersburg subscribe liberally end of the first quarter of last cen- each year to the association's suptury that a revival took place. port. About that time the Archiman- drite Macarius founded a mission Conference of Last January 22-4 to Altai, in Western Siberia, and Christian the first conference by his literary and educational Students of Christian stu- labors built a strong foundation for in Italy dents was held in his successors. This mission is now Rome, and both in the largest of the Russian Ortho- the number in attendance and in

THE MISStONAkY REVIEW OF THE WOltLD [.Tune

the enthusiasm it surpassed all ex- ASIA pectations. There were in attendance about 200 professors, students, Concerning President C. C. pastors, and. Christian leaders from all parts of Italy and Sicily, making One Turkish Tracy, of Anatolia it unquestionably the most representative assembly of Christian Mission ColI e g e, reports young men that has ever been held in this country. Among the dele- that the original 4 gates were students from 14 of the 17 government universities, and churches of Asiatic Turkey have from as many more of the state lyceums, technical institutes, normal increased to 120, with a memberschools, and theological colleges. The universities of Rome, Naples, ship of 13,409. They contributed Florence, Pisa, Genoa, Bologna, Turin, and Milan were represented $93,000 last year, in proportion to by students, as well as those at Palermo and Messina in Sicily. incomes equivalent to at least Steps will be taken to secure a strong man, to be selected from the $500,000 contributed in America. Italian students, who will serve as a national secretary. The colleges and the lesser schools Pray for The condition in of the missions are the controlling Bulgaria and Bulgaria and Mace- Macedonia donia remains most influence of-the region. There has unsettled. Sam 0 – been a great revival in the central kov and several border cities in Bulgaria are under martial law, mission, and 871 have been added and Bulgarian guards are placed along the frontier to prevent in- to the churches on confession. The surgent bands from passing from Bulgaria into Macedonia. In the hospitals are another gl'eat source meantime the Turks are gathering troops on the Turkish side of the of influence and helpfulness. Four line. It is not yet evident whether the two countries, Bulgaria and thousand children orphaned by the Turkey, will use their best efforts to prevent a clash of arms. In the massacres are cared for by Amerimeantime relief work has been carried on by the missionaries and can, English, German, and Swiss their associates, funds for the same having been supplied from both missionaries. There is a total of England and America. While the people are disturbed by the polit- 424 schools, 7 of them colleges, 3 of ical situation~ opportunities have been many for the missionaries to them theological seminaries, havput themselves into close, sympathetic touch with the people in both ing a total of more than 20,000 countries, proving by their lives and work their desire to be a real pupils. help to them in times of peril. * The Release of A dispatch from the Professor United States Lega- Tenekejian tion at Constanti- nople reports the termination of the trial of Prof. Nicholos Tenekejian, of Euphrates ,College, at Harpoot, followed by his release. This professor was thrown into prison last May, upon a charge that he was an active member of a revolutionary organi- zation. The trial was greatly de- layed, and in the meantime effort was made by force to compel him to confess to the crime. Some thirty others were arrestea at the same time. As he was an employee in an American college, our gov- ernment requested that an early trial be had, and that a representa- tive from the United States consu- late be present to see that justice was done. The English consulate at Harpoot was also represented at the trial. No condemning or even

1904J Gl!lN:IlIltAL MtsstoNAlty tN'l'E:t.t.IGl!lNCE

compromising testimony was pre- Labaree and her aged father-in- sented, while it was clearly shown law, Dr. Benjamin Labaree, had that the professor on trial had been more than 250 calls of sympathy. among the foremost to discoun- The day of the funeral was one of tenance any revolutionary ideas almost universal mourning in the among students in the college and city. Nearly 2,000 people sought elsewhere.-Missionary Herald. to attend the services in the college chapel, and as the bodies were car- R. M. Labaree Rev. Robert M. ried six miles to the place of burial, Offers to go Labaree, a success- they were accompanied by many as a Substitute ful pastor of Doyles- all the way on foot, while crowds from the villages en route fell in ton, Pa., comes for- with the procession. This genuward to take the place of his ine outpouring of grief can not fail brother, Rev. B. W. Labaree, the to bring the mission workers and young missionary murdered in the populace closet' together, and Persia a few weeks ago. Particu- especially to cement the bonds belars of the cruel death are just tween the native Christians and coming to hand. Rev. Mr. Labarre the foreigners.-Congregationalist. in his ability and consecration resembled Horace Pitkin, the hero The Number By a typographical of Paotingfu, and tho the former's of Missionaries error in our April death was not due to an outbreak of heathendom against Christian in India number, the nummissions, it was practically a mar- ber of missionaries tyrdom, and he will have an honored place in missionary annals. in India was stated to be 18,000. The government is following up According to Rev. H. P. Beach the murderers vigorously, and the the number of male missionaries is officials seem to share in the gen- nearly 1,800, and the total foreign eral sympathy and indignation of missionary force is about 3,700, and the community. Mrs. Labaree native helpers number nearly 2,500. writes afil only a true Christian In Dr. J. P. Jones' recent volume on woman could. She says; " India," the statistics given for India, Burma, and Ceylon are: God is very close to us, and, oh! Foreign ordained, 1,113; lay, 201; His help is so real and so wonder- women, 1,373; and natives, ordainful, and, as I realize more and more ed, 1,089; lay, 17,433; women, 6,555. what He is to me, it makes my whole heart yearn to teach these * people of this poor, wicked land to know Him. Do not mourn and The Christian Increased appreciagrieve too much for us, but play that we may be able to bear it, Women of tion of the moral and that this overwhelming sorrow may be to the glory of God. India blessings of Chris- Mrs. Labaree reports a won- tianityand the ethderful and widespread sympathy not only in the Christian com- ical excellence of its devoted mismunity, but among Moslems, Armenians, Syrians, Englishmen, sionaries is a great andever-widen- French, Russians, and Germans. In the nearly seventy years of this ing fact. Take, for instance, this mission no foreign-born person has ever been killed in that part of description of the Indian Christian Persia, and many who heard of it were stunned. In two days Mrs. women, culled from a non-Christian paper: ,. She has been the evangel- ist of education to hundreds and thousands of Hindu homes. Simple, neat, and kindly, she has won her way to the recesses of orthodoxy, overcoming a strength and bitter- ness of prejudice of which few out-

siders can have an adequate con- Geographical Society, he visited ception. As these sentences are Lhassa, and, strange to say, rebeing written there rises before the turned to Russia unharmed. He mind's eye the pictures of scores of was struck by the lowness of tidy, gentle girls, trudging hot and wages. An ordinary laborer redusty streets, barefooted, under a ceives three halfpence a day; an scorching sun, to carry the light of expert spinner, 3%d.; and a Lama, knowledge to homes where they 5d. for a whole day's praying. If will not be admitted beyond the well-to-do, a Tibetan invalid enante-chamber, and where they can gages a Lama to read litanies to not get a glass of water without him; if poor, he gets along with a humiliation, yet never complain- grain of barley which a lama has ing, ever patient. To these brave blessed-he has more faith in it and devoted women, wherever they than in medicine. On account of are, friends of education all over the immense number of celJbate the country will heartily wish priests in Tibet, women play a 'God-speed.' " greater part in business than in any other country of the world. A School for In February was "I can recall no occupation that the Blind held the annual ex- is carried on in the country in hibition of Miss which women are not actively en- gaged, and they often conduct Millard's Blind School at its home, great undertakings quite independ- Love Lane, Magazon, Bombay. ently of men." This school was established by the American Mission in October, 1000, The First Bishop La Trobe to provide for children made blind Newspaper writes, in Moravian from the prevailing famiue. It opened with a boy and 2 girls; the in Tibet Missi ons: "The number has now grown to 26 boys fi l' s t newspaper and 19 girls, ranging from two to thirteen years of age, and from one ever published in Tibetan lies beroom to the present accommoda- fore me. It is a little quarto sheet tions of two bungalows, one for of four 'pages with double columns. boys and the other for girls. In- The title at the head-The Tibetan dustrial work has an important Newspaper-stands out in bold place in the course of instruction, Tibetan characters, such as are em basket-making and the caning of ployed in religious books, both chairs being taught both boys and Buddhist and Ohristian, as also on girls. The exercises included songs the stones inscribed by the lamas in English and Marathi meters by with the sacred formula: Om mani the children, and an exhibition of padme hum, and bought by the their skill in reading and solving peasantry to lay on their mani mathematical problems. The walls near every village. The lithoschool band played on native in- graphed matter of the eight colstruments, to the delight of the umns of this paper is written in audience. Many of the children cursive characters, such as are used have been received into church in Tibetan letters. On the first membership.-Oongregationalist. first page, the editor, our mission- ary Francke, tells his Ladaki read- Concerning Interesting things ers what is the purpose of this Things in Tibet about Tibet are told paper, and what it designs to bring them: 1. News of other lands in The Strand and peoples;. 2. Short, instructive Magazine by M. Tsybiko. Oommissioned by the Russian Imperial tales; 3. Specimen letters, as a.

GENERA.L MISSIONARY INTELLIGENOB

guide to letter-writing; 4. Passages slightly, or, rather, less hideous, of Holy Scripture, important for than most Chinese cities. It is on this life and for the life of the soul the Min River, about 25 miles from beyond the grave. Explanations the sea. The mission now has are added." more than 100 churches and chapels, Union in The American Pres- with a membership of 3,082, and 7,000 more attendants. There are Educational byterian and the 11 native pastors, 150 assistants. WOl'k Eng lis h Baptist and 100 teachers. Eight churches missbns in Shantung Province have agreed to unite are self-supporting. A Ohristian in organizing three colleges: an Endeavor Society, a Young Men's arts college at Weihsien, a theo- Christian Association, a theologilogical college at Chingchou fu, cal school, colleges for boys and and a medical college. The follow- girls, 4 boarding-schools, a training- school for Bible women, kindering provisions are agreed upon: garten, women's classes,OO schools, The aim of the United Oolleges shall be first and foremost the furtherance of the caUSe of 5 hospitals and dispensaries, all Christ in China. within this mission, show how mis- The purpose of the arts college shall be to give a liberal education of a distinctively sions grow and the great work they Christian character to young men chiefly from Christian famllies. are doing. There are 36 American The purpose of the theological college shall missionaries in this mission. be to provide theological training for pastors and evangelists. The instruction shall be in accordanee with evangelical truth as commonly taught in the Presbyterian and the The Future Dr. William Ash- Baptist churches. of China and more s u g g est s : Denominational instruction on the subjects of church government and baptism shall be Korea What the fi n a I sepa!"ately provided for by the respective map of NortheastllllSSlOns. The colleges shall be under the mana~e­ ment of one board of directors, who shall be ern Asia is to be is yet undecided.

elected by the two misSions, and responsible What Russia's position is to be in to them. All the acts of the board ot directors shall relation to the governments of be subject to the review and control of the China and Korea is now under fu- Baptist Missionary Society In London, and of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presby- rious consideration. A smaller naterian Church inthe United States of America. The two missions shall be, as far as pos- tion has suddenly risen up to chal- sible, equally represented on the teaching lenge Russia's presumption, and staff of each college. The college plant at Weihsien shall remain has thrown itself across her path the property of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the with a navy superior to her own, United States of America. and with an army of 200,000 men, The college plant at Chingchou fu shall remain the property of the Baptist Missionary and more to follow. It is almost a Society in London. Any endowment shall be vested in the certainty that China will rise up Board of Foreign Missions raising it, and the income thereof shall be applied to the ex- to save her own Manchuria. And penses or equipment, for which that board is now alL the world is looking on responsible. In the event of either mission desiring to . wondering how it will turn out, and withdraw from the union, notice of not less holding in abeyance movements of than two years shall be given to the oth*er their own till they see how it is mission.

What One The ·first missions likely to end. Meanwhile, Japan is Mission Has established by the fighting not only her own battle Wl'ought American Board in but the battle of Korea and the China was at Can- battle of China, and the battle of ton in 1830; but the oldest mission England. and, to some extent, the now in operation is at Foochow, battle of America, and the battle of opened by Rev. Stephen Johnson civil and religious liberty in Asia, and Rev. and Mrs. L. B. Peat in and indeed the battle of mankind 1847. Foochow is estimated to hold outside of Russia and France-and 1,000,000 people, and is more possibly Germany.

THE MlSSlO'NAtt"' RlllvlitW OF TB~ WORLD [Jun~

Bibles in The Bibie Society ask myself how many modern Japanese Anny obtained per m is· Buddhists there are that have relig- ious life in their souls, I answer, sion before war was None! "-Illustrated Missionary declared to distribute Scriptures News. among the Japanese troops who were likely to be sent on active ser- AFRICA vice, and 50,000 Japanese Gospels and 5,000 Testaments are now in A Recent Tangier has been possession of soldiers at the front. Revival in worked for twenty A similar work is being done in the Russian army. The society makes Tangier years as a station no distinction between friend and of the North Africa foe; in the Crimean War 204,569 copies of the Scriptures were circu- Mission, but has proved hard soil lated among both the Russians and and yielded few convel.'sions. For the Allies; over 1,000,000 copies, years no native convert has been costing ovel.' $100,000, went to baptized, and there has not been French and German soldiers in the even the smallest gathering of war of 1870; and during the South native Christians. Moslem con- African war over 133,000 Bibles, verts thus far have not had courage Testaments, etc., were given to to confess Christ openly, or have British and Boers at the front, in been scattered to other parts of the concentration camps, and on Morocco. The number of converthe troopships. sions has been small, tho the num- ber of people dealt with both Japanese Baron Maejima, an physically and spiritually bas Statesman on ex-Cabinet minister numbered not a few thousands . Christianity of Japan, says of every year.

Christianity: "No During Ramadhan, last year, matter how large an army or navy the missionary band in Tangier, we may have, unless we have right- having a little more leisure in the eousness at the foundation of our mornings, arranged for a daily national existence we shall fall prayer-meeting, at which several short of SUCCess. I do not hesitate converts were remembered by to say that we must rely up!>n re- name. 'Vithin a few days some ligion for our highest welfare. And remarkable cases of conversion when I look about me to see upon occurred. what religion we may best rely, I am convinced that the religion of One Sunday evening a Moor, Christ is the one most full of dressed in European clothes, came strength and promise for the up after the service and said tbat nation." Viscount Watanabe, a he wanted to become a Christian. prominent statesman and a Budd- He knelt in confession of sin and hist, warns Christians against the profession of faith in Christ. He idea that Christianity must be went home, and baving told the modified to meet the needs of Japan. message of life for the first time to One reason for the deterioration of the man with whom he was living- Buddhism, he says, has been its a Berber from the Sus country-he modification to suit Japanese ideas. brought. him to the missionary, His conclusion is a striking t.esti- and had the joy of seeinghim enter mony to the religious decay of his the Kingdom. Next day these t~o own faith: "I do not say that Budd· ex-Moslems brought a Jew, who hism is not a religion, but when I had heard a good deal of Christian teaching before and had been ini· pressed. Jew and Moslem forgot their bitter hatred, and became " one in Christ Jesus."

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLtGENCE

Four Algerian women living in case under the energetic, aggressive Tangier and able to read have been Sir Edward Lugard. But it was converted, aiso three men who were accomplished through the divisions known to be murderers, several of the natives. Nigeria is a coun- who had been for years under try of large potentialities, accord- Christian teaching, and others to ing to reports, and, if Great Brit- whom the Gospel was a new story. ain's hands were not so fully oc- In all about twenty-five Moslems cupied in other fields, we might have professed faith in Christ dur- expect to see a rapid development ing the past three months. The of this new estate.-Presbyterian same number of Jews and Span- Banner. * iards have also accepted the Gospel DarkPlace.in A mission ary message. West Africa laborer connected On January 20, 1904, a little com- with the English pany of missionaries and natives Church Missionary Society in the wended their way on donkey-back Niger· Mission writes from Onitsha, or on foot to a tank a few miles an important center of missionary from the town, and five Moorish work on the west coast, as follows: men and one Jew confessed Christ Even within sight of our mission house at Onitsha on a clear day are by baptism. Such is .. the begin- towns which are in a very real sense .. dark places of the earth, ning of harvest" in Tangier. Let full of the habitations of cruelty." At one, Ozobelu, scarcely 10 miles all who have prayed for the con- from us as the crow fiies, I have heard from a reliable source that version of the Moslem continue to more than 30 persons have been caught and killed, and in many pray with new vigor and with new cases eaten, during the past few months. At another town, Nnewu faith for still greater blessing in Otolo. some 7 miles to the east, of Ozobelu, I myself had to sleep this most difficult but by no means some months under a circlet of 43 human skulls, strung together impossible work I * and hanging from the roof above my head, and the chief would only Nigeria and A band, calling appear to greet me surounded by the Briti.h themselves .. The som~ 150 young men all well armed.

Silent Ones," has The Kongo We have referred been making trouble in the south- Horrors Proved to the grave charges ern part of this British protectorate. The native Christians, be- brought against the cause suspected of sympathy with administration of the Kongo State. foreigners, have suffered somewhat These charges appear to be So well and some mission property has been substantiated that the Britishgovdestroyed, but the missionaries ernment communicated with the made their escape. It is the inten- Belgian government on the subject, tion of the authorities to make the but only received a general denial insurgents rebuild the properties of any ground for interference. Bethey have destroyed. Nigeria con- fore taking any further -steps, the tains about 500,000 square miles, British government directed Mr. and its ijopulation is esti:mated at Casement, the British Consul in the 20,000,000. Over this vast area and Kongo State, to' make a tour population there are btlt-170white through the State, and ascertain men, and this number includes nGn- from personal observation the concommissioned officers arid civilian dition of the natives in the Upper administrators. The British troops are natives under white leaders. Perhaps the British Empire never made so great a conquest with such small means as was done in this

Kongo. The tour was to have lasted months, compelled her to return to six months, but a two months' tour rendered further investigation un- England for treatment. She was necessary, as it supplied ·conclusive evidence of the most horrible out- for two years a patient in the Hosrages, and the maintenance of slavery in its most revolting forms pital for Tropical Diseases, Lonunder the present regime. It wiII rest with the Powers who consti- don. The microbe of the sleeping tuted the Kongo State under the government of King Leopold to sickness was found in her blood. say whether a trust which has been criminally abused is to be suf- Sir Patrick Manson and his culfered to continue.-The Chronicle. leagues did all they could to extir- Fruit in Rich The Presbyterian Abundance Church, Sou th, pate it, but in vain. In spite of bac- continues to receive teriological skill the attacks of the most encouraging and inspiring reports from the Upper Kongo. The fever persisted till languishing lethreport of the year at Luebo states that there have been more than 500 argic attacks ended in heart-failure additions to the Church, that several new outstations have been and death. Tho Mrs. Stonelake .opened up, with great increase also in church and day-school attend- was withdrawn by this disaster ance. Besides, Mrs. Sheppard writes from Ibanj: from a work on which she had set I wish the friends of the home- her whole heart, she felt that a wise land could realize the vastness of the work out here. If they could and good heavenly Father had aronly have looked into Lapsley Memorial last Sabbath morning to ranged it all, and hoped that her see the 1,200 people that crowded and jammed the church, it would case, thus submit-:;ed for a long time have been an inspiring sight. The Bakuba people are taking great in- to the highest medical skill, armed terest going regularly to the catechumen class and church. Last with the best appara,tus known, month 150 were received into the church, 120 on one Sabbath, besides might be the means of leading to baptizing 30 children. Of the 120, many of them were elderly men such discoveries as would alleviand women. If I had been a shouting Methodist, I am sure I would ate or even obviate the disease so have startled the congregation with a loud" Praise the Lord! " prevalent and pernicious on the The Cause of The Tse-tse fly has Kongo. ** Sleeping been discovered to Sickness be a cause of the Chinese We can not think mysterious sleeping Coolies in the that the members of sickness of Africa. Mrs. H. T. Transvaal the House of Com- Stonelake, of Monsembi, Upper mons who voted for Kongo, was bitten by one of these flies three weeks ago. A recurrent the introduction of Chinese labor into the Transvaal really expressed fever resulted which, after four theirdeep convictions upon the mat- ter. If they did, so much tbeworse for them. The voting looks like a party matter, with no conscience behind it. White labor, under hu- mane conditions, is now definitely rejected, and the Chinaman is to be imported under regulations which resemble slavery as nearly as any- thing can. The conditions of his work in South Africa are specifi- cally fixed. They provide that he must serve the master who imports him, or the master "into whose hands he is lawfully '~assigned." He can not trade or hold any license whatever, or have any economic rights. He is bound to reside on his master's premises, and he must not leave them without a special

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

permit. If he wanders away frDm complices Dr the imitatDrs Df their these premises any Po.liceman can arrest him witho.ut a warrant. It vices. is humiliating to. think that a Brit- M. T. Iselin, in the Gazette de ish Parliament has sanctio.ned this Drder. New Zealand has vehement- Lausanne, rejDins: ly prDtested against it, and has been snubbed fDr making the prDtest. Have YDU nDt heard that the re- We jo.in Dur vo.ice to. the cho.rus o.f indignatio.n which has been aro.used vDlt was prDvDked by the explDitao.ver this matter. It is a stain uPo.n British ho.nDr.-London Christian. tiDn Df the natives by the settlers?

Has not a high German functio.n- ary lately been fDund guilty Df grDss cruelty tDward the blacks?

Is it nDt CDmmDn to. impute these excesses Df EurDpeans to. a pretend- ed "trDpical rage" Dr "African- itis ?" Has this strange disease Self-support Rev. E. H. Ricb- ever been Dbserved amDng the Basel in ards, o.f the No.rth- missiDnaries? . . .

South Africa ern MethDdist SD- Has nDt the internatiDnal Brus- sels cDnference declared against the ciety, says that 22 impDrtatiDn Df spirits and firearms years ago. he spent his first Sunday into. Africa, and against the sale Df at a missiDn statiDn in Natal, So.uth them to. the blacks? Is it the mis- Africa, and that at that time every siDnaries Dr the settlers that are hit by this actiDn ?

Dne o.f the native pasto.rs was draw- Did YDU not knDw that long be- ing his salary frDm an American fDre the Brussels cDnference the treasury. Three years ago. he vis- Basel MissiDnary SDciety had Dpen- ited the same church and fDund ed, Dn the West African cDast, es- tablishments where the sale Df every pastDr suppDrted by the na- spirits and firearms were vigDrDus- tives themselves. "Little Dutsta- ly fDrbidden, but where the blacks are taught various trade.., so. that tiDns begun here and there by SDme it is, in this regiDn, mainly to. Dur untutDred but energetic and Chris- missiDn statiDns that YDU IDDk fDr tian YDuth had nDW becDme a hun- blacksmiths, jDiners, carpenters, dred strDng-." Other Dutstatio.ns and masDns-fDr artisans who knDw were multiplying indefinitely, and their business?

natives by the thDusands were Were YDU ignDrant that the mis- siDnaries have been the first, and eager to. learn Df GDd. In his Dwn thus far the Dnly Dnes, to. study the missiDn statiDn Df Inhambane, the native languages to. the bDttom, entire missio.n field has do.ubled 6 and. to. fix them in writing, so. that times within the past 5 years. they have made pDssible the intel- lectual culture Df the blacks? That Criticism of A Basel newspaper a number Df Basel missiDnaries have, Dn accDunt Df thDse labDrs, Missionaries in has availed itself o.f received academic hDnDrs frDm va- Africa the rising o.f the riDus universities? HDW shall we HererDS in German recDncile with these facts the CDn- SDuthwest Africa to. fall furio.usly temptuDus estimates which YDU have reprDduced teaching the civ- uPo.n missiDns and missio.naries. ilizing and educating wDrk Df the t All the evil came fro.m them, say missiDnaries ?

these equally charitable and en- The Testimony LesDthDli, the lightened publicists. The missiDn- of a Heathen King Df the Basu- aries had no.t the least nDtiDn Df Chief tDB, lately attended what to. teach savage in Drder to. a Ohristian service, civilize them; they do. no.t kno.w held by M. Ramseyer, and after the sermDn spDke as fDIIDWS: hDW to. teach them either decency Dr neatness Dr Drderliness. This All which the mi!lsiDnary has means they have the audacity nDt spDken is true. All these threat- enings Df GDd apply also. to meto. make Df them the dDcile servants yea, I have deserved that they of the white settlers, and the ac-

should be fulfilled on me. I am cieties should bear all the cost of your chief, and yet a heathen still ! I have heard the word of God, but what, after all, is secular teaching, have not received it. I am on the false way. Perhaps you will say I and advances the material interests had no right to talk with you of God's word. And so it is indeed. of the colony, But the educational But just because I am a heathen, I can and must say to you that this department has lately notified the is the false way. When I was going I might have become a servant various missions that after this of God, but I would not; aud you see me here as a dead man, year all such grants will cease, nor wretched and sick. Therefore, I say to you all: I rue it, do not as I will any more help be given to have done. From my heart I wish that you all to-day might so think school-teachers who have obtained as I, for I see my wr9ng, and would gladly become another man. I. beg the government brevet, It is openall Christians to pray for me. Oh, that Jesus would have compassion ly avowed that the authorities do on me, forgive me, and convert me! I hav..e lingered too long; I can no not look favorably upou the large longer convert myself. Oh, pray for me !-Calver lWissionsblatt. number of scholars now le'l,rning He has asked our prayers. Let in high schools, and that they do us not refuse them to him. His not see the need for a widely spread fellow-chief Mofoka has lately been system of education among the baptized, and he is a centenarian! mass of the Malagasy. J, s. t French The mi s Ii! i onary Madagascar The attack of the Protestant work of F r e n c h Work in Protestantism in and French hom e government Madagascar Madagascar is the Education of France on the most interesting, and, perhaps, the most wonderful Rom a n Catholic one undertaken by the Paris Mis- sionary Society, When in 1897 "Congregations" and monastic or- France came into complete control of the island, the 700,000 French ders is now affecting this colony of Protestants inherited a great part of the work of the powerful Engthe republic. The various Protes- lish and Norwegian mlSSlOns. They had to provide 500 schools tant missions laboring in the island and 500 churches with teachers and missionaries, to prevent the loss to have made great efforts to comply Protestantism of that immense field that the Jesuits were coveting with the government requirements and seemed near getting, The Protestants have succeeded thus with regard to highereducation,and far in holding their own, but they need all the help they can get, not at considerable expense have fitted merely from home, but from such Christians who are interested in up workshops with complete appli- the triumph of the Protestant Christianity over Romanism', ances for teaching carpentry and ISLANDS OF THE SEA cabinet-making, and also laid out Heard the A Sikh, a retired jardins d'essai for instructing the Gospel in Jail arm y and pol ice scholars in agriculture and horti- man, a weal thy man, got into jail w:Qile on the culture. This has been done so police force in Singapore. There he heard the Gospel. On coming to that large high schools may be Penang he borrowed a Bible from maintained, where religious in- struction may be imparted and Ohristian influence be exerted. For two or three years the government has given grants in aid of such schools, where their educational standards are observed, as it is evi- dently unfair tha.t missionary so-

1904J GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

a student in the Anglo-Chinese of the thatched house which we at school and studied it. He sought present occupy. I have just organ- out the presiding elder and received ized a quarterly conference, with instruction, and was baptized by 4 local preachers, 2 exhorters, class- Bishop Warne. He has now gone leaders, and stewards."

to the Punjab, India, his native Episcopalians J. B. Devins has land, and there he is to visit our in the these e x cell e n t churches, and he hopes to bring things to say in the back two teachers whom he will . Philippines Observer about support, to teach his own countrymen, of whom there are greatnum- Bishop Brent, and his doings: bers here. This is a noble example of a man recently converted from Soon after reaching Manila in heathenism making a sacrifice for August, 1902, on looking over the Christ. He has met with some persecution, but being a wealthy man field. the bishop decided that the he is not inconvenienced much by first thing to do was to secure a it. He is very enthusiastic in building site for a cathedral not spreading the Gospel among his ()wn people. With his knowledge far from the Luneta. Here three of English he has acquired a great and one-half acres have been pur deal of information, and in debate he can answer arguments with chased, and it was expected to lay ease, as he knows the principles of the corner-stone early last fall. Christianity well and the teachings of Sikhism even better than most The cathedral, exclusive of the of the priests. organ and other furnishings, is to REV. J. E. PYKETT. cost $100,000, and the organ is to A Missionary Rev. H. L. E. Leu- be one of the best that the bishop can procure. When this structure as a Colonizing ring, of the Perak is dedicated it will not be possible Agent district, writes in for natives to speak of the 'Five- c~nt Ohurch.' The bishop went, World-wide ltIis- a few months ago, into the central portion of Northern Luzon, scores sions: "In May, 1003, I was asked of miles from civilization, and hun- by the Perak government to proceed dreds of miles from the regular lines of communication. Here he to China at government expense found thousands of people, whose to introduce a colony of Fuchau- outward appearance suggested a speaking agriculturists into Perak. washing as much as he knew their inward condition needed regenera- The government promised to pay tion. As soon as he reached mailthe steamer passages and to give ing facilities he wrote to a soap free grants of land to the cultivat- firm in America, telling what he had seen, and asking for a ton of soap. As quickly as steamers and express trains could cross the ocean and the continent, the bishop had an order for the soap. He wants the outward cleansing a5 well as the inward change of heart and habi ts. "

ors. With the permission of Bishop Fiji Islands Official announce· Warne I undertook this mission, Christian and ment is made that and as the outcome of the voyage Self.supporting the Fiji Islands are we now have the Sitiawan Agricul- no longer to be tural Colony, with 2,500 acres of cared for by the Wesleyan Mission- excellent land, which is ready for ary Society, since they have be- the occupation of the colonists. Of come nominally Christianized and the 363 colonists 50 are church mem- civilized, education, commerce, and bers. Our church has a beautiful worship being carried on according plot of land (10 acres), centrally lo- to Christian ideals. They con- cated, and I hope to be enabled to tributed for missionary purposes build a suitable church in place last year $25,000, and are doing

very much to carry the Gospel to that is sincere and Christlike, but the other islands of the South Seas. not before. "

MISCELLAN, EOUS NOTICE Distribution According to a of the Jews rough census made A Missionary Under the auspices Summer School of the Interdenom- by Professor Haman, there are 19,000,000 .Tews in for Women inational Conferthe world. Of these, he figures ence of Woman's that the United States has 1,000,000; Europe, Il,OOO,OOO, and countries Boards of Foreign Missions for the outside of Europe, 8,000,000. He United States and Canada, a sumgives this distribution of .Tews in mer school.for women's missionary Europe: Russia, 5,000,000; Austria- societies will be held at Northfield, Hungary, 1,860,000; Germany, 568,- Mass., July 11th to 19th. Each day 000 ; Roumania, 300,000 ; Great at {) A.M. students will have the Britain, 200,000; Turkey, 120,ono; privilege of attending in the audi- Holland, 97,000; France, 77,000; torium the Bible study class of Italy, 50,000; Bulgaria, 31,000; Rev. G. Campbell Morgan, D.D. Switzerland, 12,000; Greece, 6,000; The Committee on United Study, Servia, 5,000; Denmark, 4,000 ; who have issued 4 of the contem- Sweden, 3,500; Belgium, 3,000; plated 7 courses of study, will have Spain, 2,500, and Portugal only 300. charge of an hour each day in Stone Hall, where "Via Christi," Chaplain Some one wrote to "Lux Christi," and "Dux Chris- McCabe as a Chaplain McCabe tus," will be presented as far as Mine Owner and asked him to possible by the several authors of these studies. The study of "Dux take stock in a sil- Christus "-subject for the coming ver mine of astonishin6" richness. year-will be presented by chap- As a reason the writer said: "Much ters under the direction of inspirof the profits will be consecrated to ing leaders. the cause of missions." The chaplain said: •• I am working two good An hour will also be devoted to mines now. One of them is the a training class for leaders of mismine of self-denial, far over in the sionary meetings. The subjects will valley of Humiliation. The other include: duties of officers, prois the mine of consecration, en- grams, Bible readings for the year, tered over on the heavenly side of place of prayer, literature, current the brook Peniel. There are riches events, Christian stewardship, sysenough in these two mines to con- tematic giving, proportionate givvert the world." ing. thank offerings, memorials, legacies, and self-denial. One morn- Revival Dr. W. A. Bartlett, ing there will be a model session Needed for of the }<'irst Con- of an interdenominational mission- the " Saints" gregational Church, ary meeting with "Rex Christus" for the subject.. Chicago, says: "Let us have a revival among church An· hour will be given to the members who love clubs more than study of methods, including work church; who make Sunday a holi- with the girls' organizations, their day and not a holy day; who never talents and how to use them; work come to the meeting of prayer; with the children, through the who have plenty of money for thein- cradle roll, primary classes, junior selves, but little for the Lord. societies, bands, and circles; and Then will sinners come to a church one period a model junior mission- ary meeting.

The Missionary Review of the World — 1903 Index

INDEX

Mi~~i~nary R~vi~w ~f tb~ W~rl~ VOL. XVI. NEW SERIES VOL. XXVI. OLD SERIES JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1903 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS REV. J. T. GRACEY, D.D. REV. D. L. LEONARD, D.D.

REV. F. B. MEYER, B.A.

MANAGING EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY NEW YORK I,ONDON BY FUNK & WAGNALI,5 COMPANY P,inled in the [/tuted ~,)tates INDEX FOR 1903 MAPS PAGl!J Alaska Compared with the United States. 497 Borneo. 821 Macedonia and Neighboring Countries. 329 :Morocco. 12.5 Tibet…. 263 ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE PAGE Abdul Kerim, Pasha. of Monastir.. 334 Australia, Moravian Mission … 10 Africa, Bakambuya House… . 97 – Point Maclay Christian Homes.. 15 – – Village, Kongo State………… . 95 – – – Mission Class………… . 13 – Bakete near Luebo…. 93 – – – Mission Station………. . 14 – Basutoland Mission……………. . 913 – St. Mary's Mission……. , ….. , '" 7 – – Mission Press….. . 917 Australian Aborigines at Home…….. . 4 – – Mission School …….. . 919 – Black Woman and Child………… . 7 – Boat Going to Luebo. . . . . . 39 – Christian Blackman ………….. '. 12 – Bongandanga Mission Station.. 271 – Mission School at Mapoon. . . . . . . . . 9 – Cannibals of.. . . . . . . . . . 595 -Savages Armed. ….. ………… 5 – Caricature of Kongo Railroad. . . 42 Australians at Mapoon Mission. . . . . . . . . . 9 – Central, Improved Houses in. . 185 Bankok, Girls' Boarding School. . . . . . .. 359 – Evangelistic Meeting, Basutoland.. 911 Basuto Women………………….. 910 -Junglein. ……. 43 Bersier, Eugene………………… " 571 – Kongo Railroad. . . . . . . 42 Blacklead Island Mission. …. 666 – Laborers' Huts at Matadi. 41 ~ – Missionaries… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 665 — Luebo Child Organist. . 513 Bonjare, An African Christian. . . . . . 270 .- – Christian Eadeavorers. 515 Bon Messenger, in an Ice Freshet.. . .. " 576 – – Church… 514 Bonne Nouvelle, The MeAII Mission Boat. 561 – – Cook House at. 511 Borneo, Dyak House.. . ……… 801 – – Pharmacy. 507 – Natives. . . . . . . . . .. 827 – Mishameleng, Chief of the Bakuba. . . 81 Bulgarian Man and Woman ………… 331 – Mulumbu Nkum and His Wife. 99 Central China, Religious Tract Society – Native Houses at Luebo. . . . . . . 509 Officers… . ……. " 401 – – Hut near Luebo. . . . . . 184 Chinese Christian End~avore-s…….. " 425 – Newberry Hall, Morija. .. . 915 – Christians in Borneo…… . 801 – Nzapo-Zap and European Traders. . .. 81 C Histian Endeavor Society, Japan…… 426 – Preaching to the Mongos. 267 – – in South India.. . . . . . . 42!

– – to the Heathen in East. . . . . 933 ~- Endeavorers in Marsov, n. ………. 423 – School Inspection, Morija. … 916 – – in China. . . ……. " 425 – Women and Children at I ulama. 269 C.mlalongkorn, King of Siam. . . 33 Aintab Orphans Making Carpets. 721 Damascus, Mosque of Amaryade. . . 757 Alaska, Eskimo Hieroglyphics. 502 Denby, Charles. . 27 – Missionary's House at Cape Prince of Dyak Head Hunter. . 825 Wales… .. . 503 Eskimo, Lord's Prayer in… . . . . . . . . . . 671 – Old Church in .Juneau.. 499 – Snow House on Blacklead Island…. '. 668 Alaskan Eskimo Girl. 501 – Woman on Blacklead Island. .. 667 Altoon, An Armenian Orphan Gir. . 743 Formosa, Savages of.. 894 Armenian Boys at Their Trades. . . . 721 France, Bon Messenger, Audience on the.. 57,1) – Orphans at Dinner… . . . . . . 742 – McAll Mission in Paris… . . . . 569 Australia, Moravian Missionary and Con- – Paris Workingman'. Club………. " 570 verts at Mapoon……………… 11 Hadley, S. H., and Water Street Converts 161

PAGE PAGE Haiti, Catholic Church.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 646 Newfoundland Fisherman's Settlement… 484 – Chapel of the "Good News". 653 .Ne,,: Hebrides Gathering………….. , 898 – Coffee Pickers in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649 Nzapo-Zap, the Afric,*, Slave Trader. . 81 – Market Place at Port au Prince. . . . 641 Orphans Turned Away From Harpoot.. 745 – State Funeral in Port au Plince.. . . 648 Pe'k. E. J., and Christian Eskimos… 672 Harrison, Benjamin.. . 26 Quarrier Homes, Scotland.. 165 Hogg, Quintin…… . .. . . . . 734 -William… 162 Ibanj. New Church at. 159 Reed, Mary. . . 897 India, Haidarabad, Deccan. 328 Richardson. Bishop. . . 893 – Mohammedan Festival. 321 Roosevelt, Theodore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 – Tamil Christian Endeavor Society. 424 Scotland, Bake House at the Quarrier Japanese Christian Endeavor Society… . 426 Homes ……………………. 168 Jerusalem, Mosque of Omar……….. . 756 – Children of the Quarrier Homes…… ' 163 King, Hamilton ………………… . 130 – Dry Land Ship at the Quarrier Homes. 164 Kongo Festival.. . . . . . . ….. '.' … . 441 – Girls of the Quarrier Homes.. . 167 – Market Day on the Upper……. . 439 – Lincoln and Garfield Home. . . . . . . 166 – State Troops… . . . . . ……….. . 765 Siam. Laos Houses. ……….. 241 Labrador Eskimo Building a Snow House 481 – Mission Station at Pitsanuloke. . . . . 274 – Fishing Schooner.. . . . . . . . . . .. . … . 485 – Native Pre!lcher and Wife. . 279 – Indian Harbor Hospital.. ……….. . 482 – Winnowing Grain in.. …… 241 – Mission Ship…………. . 486 Sooboonagam Amma!. . . . . . 881 – – – Crew of the……… . 489 Snyder, Dr. and Mrs. De Witt C.. 437 – Settlers.. 481 Surinam, House of the Sisters. 414 -Waif 489 – H. T. Weiss and Missionaries.. . . 413 – Ward in Indian Harbor Hospital.. …. 483 – Leper Asylum. . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Laos. Hospital at Chiengmai. ………. , 275 – Louisa Renz. a Negro Leper… . 415 – Lakawn Hospital. …………….. , 276 – Missionaries to Lepers in. 410 – Self-supporting Pupils in the Chieng- Syria, Lebanon Hospital Building. . . . 219 rnai School.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 361 – Winnowing Grain ……………… 241 – – – for the Insane… . . . . 218 Macedonia, Monastir School for Girls. . .. 335 Macpherson, Annie … ' …………… 169 Turkey, Christian Endeavorers in Mar- sovan.. . . .. …. ………. 423 Venezuela, Caracas.. …………. 403 Maples, Bishop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 893 – – Market.. . . . . . . . . . . 407 Marsden, Samuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 892 • Marsovan Orphan Girls……………. 744 – – Mission School. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 McAIl Mission Boat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 561 – Washerwomen…….. …… 402 Venezuelan Natives….. . . . . .. . . . 405 – – Meeting…………………… 572 Wallace, Lew… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 – – Workers…………………. " 573 – Robert W ……………………. 567 Water Street ,Modern Miracles in.. . . . 161 – Mrs. Robert W ………………… 568 McKinley, William.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24 Warren, Charles. . . . . . . . 32 Mission House on Blacklead Island. . . . .. 669 Yankoff. Col.. the Macedonian Leader … 336 Zanzibar. Church of the Slave Mark~t. … 89:3 Zulu C1hri.tian Industrial Institute……. 213 AUTHORS PAGE PAGE ADAMS, JOSEPH S ………… , … 448, 927 DENBY, CHARLES……….. . 27 ALLEN, ELISHA H……….. .. ….. .. 29 DENNIS, JAMES S … . 721 AMIRCHANJANZ, ABR……………… 851 DENYES, J. R …. . 378 ANDERSON, F. W ……………….. 196 DOBBINS, F. S….. . 288 BARRETr, JOHN…………………. 30 DUBE. JOHN L ……. . 216 BEACH. H.·P……………….•. 219,247 DWIGHT, HENRY OTIS .. … 329,844 BENJAMIN. S. G. W……………… 29 DYE, ROYAL J …. ' 504 BENNETr. F. A .•.•…..•••……•… 694 EDDY, GEORGE' SHERWOOD. . . .. 922 BISHOP, A. E • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 208 ELLIS, J…….. .. 298 BOWEN, ARTHUR .1'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 266 FORMAN, S. M.. 209 BOOTH, EUGENE S.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 653 BRAIN, BELLE M …. 24, 100, 189, 280, 350, FOSTER, JOHN W. . 27 431,522,586,679,768.805.891 FRERE, BARTLE…. . . . . . . . . . .. 31 GILDER, GEORGE K. 16 BROWN, ARTHUR J. . .273, 358, 756 GILL, JOSEPH H.. .. .. ……… 443 44 BUNKER, FRED S. . . . GOODNOW, JOHN… 27 534 CAMPBELL, R. J….. . . GRACEY, J. T…… . .48,123,206,367,746 CASALIS, ALFRED.. . . 909 GRACEY, MRS. J. T………………. 342 QLARx, FRANCJ8 1:..•……….. , …. 420 GRAY, JAS. GORDON•••..•.•…•.•.•.• 296

INDEX

PAGE PA.GE GRENFELL, WILFRED T •………….. 481 NOYES, E. F …………………… 28 GUINNESS, H. GRATTAN………. 530 NUTTING, J. D ………………….. 855 GULICK, JOHN T… . .. .. .. . 521 O'NEILL, HENRY E………….. ….. 32 HALL, CHARLES CUTHBERT. 373 PAUL, THOMAS………………….. 164 HAMILTON, J. TAyLOR…. . 3 PENTECOST, GEO. F ••…..•.••……• 935 HARRISON, BENJAMIN…. 26 PECK. E. J …………………….. 664 HOFMEYER, L….. 616 PERRY, R. B.·………………….. 661 HOLLY, JAMES T… . 645 PIERSON, ARTHUR T .•. 1,81,174,241,337, HOPKINS, W. E….. 828 416,494,461,561733,801,881 HOTCHKISS, W,LL,S R. '" . . . 931 PIERSON, FARRAND B ………….. '" 161 HOUSE, G. R ……………. ….. 256,748 POND, T. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 HOUSE, J. HENRy…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775 RANSOM, CHARLES N …………… 427, 752 HOUGHTON, LOUISE SEYMOUR. . 567 REED, GEO. C.. . 124 HUMPHREY, JAS. L… . .. …. . . .. .. 750 REILL, A. D….. . . . . 109 ITO, MARQUIS………………… 33 RICHARD, TIMOTHY.. 291 HUNTER, WILLIAM W. . . . . 32 RICHARDS, J. A.. . 203 HUTCHINSON, WM. F…. 132 RIDGELEY, LAWRENCE B….. 688 JACKSON, GEORGE……. . ……. " 610 ROBERTSON, ALEXANDER.. . . . 377 JACKSON, SHELDON……………… 497 ROOSEVELT, THEODORE………. . . . .. 25 JANVIER, C. A. R ……………….. 137 SAINTE ANDRE, LOUIS DUPIN DE…… 87, 578 JESSUP, HENRY H …………….. 605,811 SALMONS, LEVI B. . ………. 592 JOHN, GRIFFtTH ………………… 448 SCUDDER, EZEKiEL C …………..•.. 931 JOHNSTON, JAMES ………… " …… 262 SEWARD, GEO. F… ………….•…• 27 i. JONES, P ……………………. 112 SHATTUCK, CORINNE ………….•…. 686 KING, HAMILTON……………….. . 29 SICKLES, DAVID B……. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 KNIPE, WM……. . 457 SMITH, ALFRED ………………… , 689 LACY, WM. R ….. . 692 SNYDER, DEWITT C .. 39,93,183,437,507,593 LAKE, lIARGARITA… … , ……… . 532 STOVER, WILBUR B ………………. 118 T…..A WRENCE, JOHN . . . 31 TEMPLE, RICHARD……………….. 31 LAWSON, J. C …… . 758 THAYER, C. C ………………… 128,516 LEEDS, GEO. T …… . 929 THOMPsoN, AUGUSTUS RIVERS… . . . • .. 31 LEONARD, D. L ………….. . ..1,490 WALKER, A. L ………………….. 886 LESLIE, W. H … . 675 WALLACE,.LEW…………………. 28 LI HUNG CHANG. 32 WARD, C. B …………………. 177,752 LYON, D. WILLARD……. . 105 WARD, S. LAWRENCE…………….. 363 McALPINE, R. E ……… . 673 WARREN, W…. .. ……………. 200 MCCONOUGHY, DAVID….. . 905 WEISS, H. T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 409 McLAURIN, JOHN…… . 583 WEST, B. F… .. ………. 379,821 MCKINLEY, WM …… . 24 Wl{EELER, EMILY C ….. " ……….. 741 MEYER, LOUIS..•……. 899 WHERRY, E. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 52 MITCIlELL,·J. MURRAY … 34 WHITE, OEO. C. . ………. 606 MOORE, S. F …. . 209 WILSON, J. K. . . ….. " … 903 MONRO, JAMES… . 321 WILSON, SAMUEL G. . …. " … 749 MORRISON, WM. M ….. . 764 WOOD, CLINTON T.. . ..•….•.••• 838 NAPIER, LORD ………. . . 31 SUBJECTS * PAGE PAGE Advice to Outgoing Missionaries (a), H. Africa, Basuto Mission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 718 – Bible for.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 719 H. Jessup.. 81;1. – Blantyre, Mission'ary Needed for ….. 876 – British Rule in. . …………….. 235 – to Young Missionaries (a), F. S. Dob- – Bunyoro, a Christian King in. . . . . . .. 636 – Central, Among the Natives of Cal, bins…….. . . .. . . .. .. .. . . 288 De Witt C. Snyder. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 AFRICA (E(Jypt, Hau8aland, Kongo, – – Beginning Work in (a), De Witt C. Liberia, Nigeria, Sudan, U(Janda, Zulu, etc.), Barotsiland,Lewaneka of, Snyder…………… " ……… 437 Editorial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 539 * References to kindred subjects are indicated by italicized words iD parentheses. The letter (a) indicates an article over 3 pages in length; the letter (b) a brief article from one to three pages in length. All other subjects indexed are less than one page in length. The month when any given article appeared may be found by dividing the !lumber of the page by 80 and adding 1 to the unit so obtained.

PAGE PAVE Africa, Central, Missionary Problem in AMERICA (Alaska, Canada, Central, Indian8, Mountaineers, Negroe8,etc.) (a), De Witt C. Snyder. . . . . . . . . .. 593 American Baptist Missionary Union.. 546, 705 – – Peculiarities of Natives of (a), – Bible Society……………. 65, 466, 625 – Board in the Pacific ………….. " 238 De Witt C. Snyder . . . . . . . . . , . . . . .. 183 – – Ten Yea:. of the……………. 865 – – New Departure of the ……. 787,949 – Colonization Scheme for … 718 – Mission to the Jews…… : …….. " 467 – Missionary Association. . . . . . . . . . . .. 67 – East, German Work in… 78 Among the Vikings of Labrador (a), W.T.

– Education of Girls in .. 636 Grenfell ……………………. 481 Arnoy (China). Self-support in.. . . . . . 475 – for the Africans…… . 876 Anatolia College (Turkey). . . . . . . . . . . .. 70 Anglo-American Board of Missions. . . . .. 467 – Heathen Darkness in (al, Willis R. – – Mission to the Jews. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 626 Angus, Rev. Joseph, Editorial. . . . . . . . .. 622 Hotchkiss …………………. , 931 Anti-Saloon League.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 305 Apologetic, The Best (a), George Jackson 610 – Hindu Missionary to.. . . . 159 Appeal (Needs, Call) for 9,000 Mission- – Inland Mission ………………. ' 957 aries in India (b) …………… ,. 261 Arabia (Bedouin), Encouraging Signs in. 870 – Into the Heart of (a), De Witt C. – Converted Moslem at Aden……… , 952 – News from………………….. , 313 Snyder…………………. , . .. 39 – Trials of Building in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 792 Arabs, Mission to the.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 – Kana Capture and Its Significance … 717 Arctic Circle, Life Under the……… 547 – Experiences (a), E. J. Peck …… , … 664 – Livingstonia, Tour in.. . . 797 ARMENIA (Turkey) An Awakening – Missionary Experiences in the Heart in, Editorial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 540 – The Situation in ……………… , 231 of (a), De Witt C. Snyder . . . . . . . . . 507 – Work for the Orphans of (a), Emily C.

– Missionaries and Moslems in, Editorial 461 Wheeler……………………. 741 Armenians in America……………. , 68 – of Our Fathers. . . . . . . 634 Arnot, F. S., Returns of Gareuganze, – Nigeria, British in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 476 Editorial. … ' ……. " ………. 859 Asia, Impressions of Missions in (b), Geo. -NewChurchatIbanj………. 159 F. Pentecost., ………………. 935 – North, Missions……… '" … " . .. 76 Asiatics, Great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 713 AUSTRALIA, Jews in …………… 399 – Pilgrims' Progress in Metabele. . . . . .. 237 – The "Blackfellow" in (a), J. Taylor – Progress in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 875 Hamilton…. ……………….. 3 Australian Methodist. in New Guinea. " 479 – Road-Making in……………. 158 – Revival, Genesis of the (a), W. Warren 200 Austria, Away from Rome in. . . . . . . . . .. 69 – Sleeping Sickness ……………. " 875 – Congregationalists.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 790 – Glad Tidings from.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 708 – South Anglican Mission to. . . . . . . . . .. 956 – Progress in………………… '" 949 Automobile Mission in France. . . . . . . . .. 229 – South (a), Chas. N. Ransom. . . . . . 427 Baba Bharate from India. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 67 Baptist Missionary Union, American, – – A Tuskegee Institute in (a). . . . . .. 212 Report… .. ……………… 705 – – A Great Opportunity in (a), Clinton – Work for Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 546 Baptists in the West Indies. . . . . . . . . . .. 706 T. Wood. . ……………….. 838 – Southern, Extension.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 705 – – and Missions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 546 – – Awakening at Lovedale ……… " 79 Barbican Mission to the Jews……….. 628 Barnardo's Beneficence……………. 228 – – Ethiopian Church in …………. 477 – Work in London, Editorial. ……… 222 Baron, David, Editorial (b). . . . . . . . . . .. 58 – – Mischief-Making in. . . . . 396 Barr, W. W., Death of.. …………… 239 Basel Industrial Mission. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 312 – – Missionary Spirit in………… " 397 – Mission, in West Africa. . . . . . . . . . . .. 78 Basuto French Protestant Mission. . . 718 – – Remarkable Crisis in, C. L. Hof- Basuto Land (a), Alfred Casalis……… 909 – – Progress in … , • , . , . , … , . , " , .. , 317 meyer…………………….. . 616 – – Y. M. C. A. in ……………… . 557 – Twenty Years Ago and Now (b), Royal J. Dy'l… 504 – West, British Abuses in, Editorial …. 461 – – Cannibal Christendom in (a) …. " 451 – – CongregationaL. . . . . . . 956 – – Mission Needed in. 77 – – Portuguese Uprising in.: 77 – – Re-adjustments in . . . 78 – – Redemption of.. 76 – Western Equatorial Diocese. . . 158 African Benediction, An.. 717 – Description of a Railway.. 558 – Missions, Bishop Hartzell on Editorial 300 – Names for Children. . . . . 956 – Races Not Dying Out. 237 Africans as Traders. 796 Agnew, Eliza. 101 ALASKA as a Mission Field.. 627 – Great Wrongs in. . 547 – Latest News from.. . . 787 – Missions in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 – What Missionaries Have Done for (a), Sheldon Jackson. 497 – Y. M. C. A. Work in. . 147 Alexander, T. T., Death of. . 240 Aligarh (India) Industrial Mission. . . . .. 177

INDEX

PAGE PAGE Bedouin Mission Proposed. . . . . . . . . . . .. 311 Books for Missionary Libraries, Chinese Beirut College (Syria) as a Light Giver.. 710 – – Need. of. . . .. …. . …….. .. 551 Quaker, Nellie B. Eyster ……… 142 – Mission Press.. , . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 952 Belgian Cruelty in Africa, Editorial. . . .. 538 – Chronological Hand-Book of China, – Belgian Inhumanity in the Kongo Ernest Faber. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. 143 State (b), H. Grattan Guinness ….. 530 – Missionary Church…………….. 550 – Civilization in Kongo Land, H. R. Belgians and the Kongo, Editorial. ….. 619 Belgium and the Kongo State (a) ….. ' 451 Fox-Bourne……. , ………..452,464 – Protestantism in., … , . ' … ' . ' , , , ,. 949 Berlin (German) Society Work .. " ".' 708 Robertson …………………. '. 303 Bethany College, Philadelphia.. ' , …. ,. 145 Better Than a Thousand New Mission- – Dawn in the Dark Continent, James aries (a), Timothy Richard… : . ' … 291 Stewart. , ………………….. 863 BIBLE, A Hindu recommends the….. · 72 – and the Roman Catholics. . . . . . . . . .. 150 – Die Deutsche Baghdad Bohn, S. – Burning in Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 548 – Commentary Needed in China…….. 315 Schneider.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 543 – Distribution in China………..'.74,954 – for Russian Jews……………..70,471 – Directory of Protestant Missionaries – in Eskimo.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 148 – in Heathen Lands, Editorial. . . . . . . .. 782 in China and Japan. . .. . . . . . . . . . .. 144 – in India.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 151 – in Malay.. .. . . . .. . . .. . .. . .. . . . . … 87 – Doctor and His Dog in Uganda, A. R. – in Manchuria.. , ….. : . . . . . . . . . . . .. 715 -inMandarin………………….. 73 Cook……………………… 943 – in Missionary Meetings (a), Belie M. – Educational Conquest in the Far East, Brain………………. ' ……. 280 – Society, American, New President of.. 466 R. E. Lewis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 542 – – Report, American. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 66 – Teachers' Training-School. . . . . . . . . .. 945 – EffectiYe Workers in Needy Fields…. 384 – Translated into Chinese, . . . . . . . . . . .. 476 Bibles in China, Demand for.. . . . . . . . . .. 234 – Erromanga, the Martyr Isle, H. A. Biblical Criticism, Missionaries and, Edi- – Evolution of the Japanese, S. L. Gulick 701 torial. …………………….. 698 Blackbelt Improvement Society… . . . .. 381 – Faith and Life in India, R. L. Lacey.. 383 Blacklead Island, Work on (a), E. J. Peck 664 Blodgett, Henry, Death of. ………… 640 – Fire and Sword in Shansi, E. H. Doetticher, Emanuel, Death of. . . . . . . .. 800 Boer Church and Missions (a), C. T. Wood 838 Edwards ……. , …….. ' . . . . . .. 864 – Soldiers Becoming Missionaries ….. , 317 – War, Outcome of the. , . , , , …… 397 – Founder of Mormonism, 1. ·W. Riley.. 942 Bombay Church Jubilee (India) .. , ….. 153 – Found! F. I. Codrington……….. 143 – Geography and Atlas of Protestant Missions, H. P. Beach …………. 223 – God Answers Prayer, John Wilkinson. 702 – Herano, Jno. E. Hail. ………….. 702 '-, History of Kirpa Sadan, Puoldita Ramabai. ….. ,………. , …. 703 – How Missions Pay, John Laughlin…. 464 – India and Daily Life in Bengal, G. F.

Griffin,……………….. 784 – India's Problem, W. B. Stover.. . . . .. 304 – India's Problem, J. P. Jones……… 382 – Indian Boyhood, C. A. Eastman. . . .. 63 – Into All the World, A. R. Wells ….. , 943 – John Mackenzie of South Africa, W. D.

Mackenzie ………………… 383 – Kamala's Letters to Her Husband, R. V. Rau, .. ' . , , , …………… 384 – Land of the Conch-Shell, A. M. Blan- ford……………………….. 304 BOOKS FOR MISSIONARY LIBRARIES – Laos of the North Siam, L. J. Curtis… 784 – Affairs in West Africa, F. D. Morel. .. 452 – Leavening of the Nation, J. B. Clark .. 382 – After Prison, What? M. B. Booth…. 942 – Liang, from China, A. C. Murdock.. ,. 624 – Algonquin Indian Tales, E. R. Young. 942 – Life for God in India, H. S. Dyer … ,. 784 – An Indian Priestess, Ada Lee, . , 542 – Life's Secrets, Henry Foster. . . . . . . .. 224 – Apostolic and Indian Missions Com- – Light of the Morning, M. E. Darley. .. 864 pared, Robert Stewart. . . . . . . . . . .. 702 – Little Green God, C. A. Mason. . . . . .. 64 – Autobiography of J. G. Finney.. 622 – Lomai of Lenakel, Frank Paton …… 623 – By Order of the Prophet, A. H. Henry. 303 – Mastery of the Pacific, J. C. Colqu- – Battle with the Slum, Jacob Riis ….. 303 .houn (a). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 – Bible in Brazil, H. C. Tucker…. , …. 143 – Medical Missions, L. C. Purington …. 703 – Business Men and Missions, S. M. – Memoirs of A. R. Fenn, Mrs. Fenn..• 143 Zwemer… , ………………… 384 – Miracle of African Missions, John – Centennial of Presbyterian Home Mis- Bell…………….. 863 sions………… " '" ……….. 384 – Missionary Horologue, J. S. Reed….. 383 – Century of Jewish Missions, A. C. – Mission Methods in Manchuria, John Thompson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 64 Ross ……………………… 463 – China and the Chinese, H. A. Giles, … 143 – Mission Study Class, T. H. P. Sailer… 144 – China; A Quarterly Record …. '. . . .. 384 – Missions in India, C. A. R. Janvier. . .. 703 – Chinese Heroes, J. T. Headland. . . . .. 142 – Old-Time Student Volunteers, H. C.

– – Proverbs, A. H. Smith. . . . . . . . . .. 544 Trumbull…………….. , , , . , •. 63

]!'AGE PAGE Books for the Missionary Library, Brahma Somaj, Death of the ……… " 152 – On the Threshold of Central Africa, Brazil, Bible Burning in. . 548 F. Coillard……………. ' …… 943 – Progress in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ……. 148 – Open-Air Preaching, John Galt.. . . . .. 704 Britain's Offer to the Jews. . . . . 799 – Opportunities in the Pathway of the British and Foreign Bible Society. . …. 947 Great Physician, V. F. Penrose ….. 224 British and Foreign Bible Society Cen- – Pastor Hsi, M. Geraldine Taylor…… 943 tenary ………………….. 149, 380 – Practical Lessons from the Experi- – – Report…………………. 628. 706 ences of Israel, F. C. Gilbert. . . . . . .. 942 – Rule in Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 – Price of Africa. S. Earl Taylor. . . . .. 142 – – in India……….. 232 – Princely Men in the Heavenly King- – Society for the Jews. . . . . . . 69 dom, H. P. Beach……………. ' ,. Brooklyn Church Union. . . . . . . . 385· – Programme of the Jesuits, W. B. Broomhall Missionary Family. . . . . . . 868 Neatby ……………………. 623 Buck, Col., on Missionaries in Japan. 316 – Protestant Directory of India.. . 304 Buddhist Fear of Death. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 396 – Protestantism in the Philippines, Geo. Bulgaria, The Gospel in. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 470 F. Pentecost.. . . . . .. . ……….. 464 Burma, Christian Missions in (b), T. Ellis. 298 – Ramabai, The Hindu Woman's Friend 943 – Missionary Note> (b), Geo. S. Leeds .. 929 – Raymund Lull, S. M. Zwemer.. . . . 62 Burman Tragedy in 1876 (b), Joseph S.

– Recollections of a Long Life, T. L. Adams.••• , ……..", . . . . . . . . . .. 927 Cuyler ……………………. , 62 Cable, The Good of the Ocean. . . . 398 – – of Reginald Radcliffe, By his Wife. 702 Call for More Missionaries……….. 948, 959 – Redemption of Our City, . . . . . . . . . .. 224 CaUs to Missionary Work (a), J. T.

– Report of Madras Conference…….. 702 Gracey….. ' …. . . .. . . 746 – Rex Christus, A. H. Smith.. . . . . . . . .. 864 Canadian Baptist Missions ………… , 787 – Roman Catholic Church in Italy, Alex. – Presbyterian Indian Work … _. . . . .. 787 Robertson……… , …………. 462 Cannibal Christendom in West Africa (a). 451 – Sea Girt Yezo, John Batchelor.. . . . .. 463 Canton (China), Great Growth in. … 714 – Snapshots from the Pacific, Bishop Caste (India), Another Blow at …….. 632 Ridley…………………….. 943 – System of the Hindus (a), W. E.

– Soo-Thah, Alonzo Bunker.. . . 224 Hopkins……. , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 828 – Station Class Sketches, Emile Stevens. 703 Carey and Hastings……………… , 320 – Story of the Conquest Flag, S. M. -William……………………… 101 Johnston. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 703 Central America, The Unknown Land of – Story of Wm. Quarrier, John Urque- (b), A. E. Bishop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 hart ……………………… 223 Chalmers, James, on Missionary Work .. 80 – Ten Years in Burma, Julius Smith …. 703 – Cannibal Friends…………….. . 479 – The Doukhobors, Joseph Elkington… 382 – Death of, One Result of. ……… . 877 – The Shining Land, E. S. Karney. . . .. 464 Chamberlain, Jacob, Redivivus……. . 393 – These Forty Years, F. Howard Taylor. 863 Chapman, Robt. Cleaver of Barnstable – These Thirty Years, Dr. Harry Guin- (a), Arthur T. Pierson………… . 241 neas……….. '., …………… 384 Chewing-Gum VB. Missions ………… . 959 – Things as They Are, Amy Wilson-Car- Chicago Y. M. C. A………………. . 306 michael. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 701 Child Marriage in India…………… . 152 – Tracts on Jewish Work………….. 704 Children's Games in China…………. . 155 – Tragedy of Paotingiu, I. C. Ketler. . .. 63 Chili, Schools in.. . . ………….. . 387 – Turk and His Lost Provinces, Wm. E. CHINA, Advance in ……………… . 795 Curtis .. ' …………. , .. " … ,. 624 – Affairs in……………………. . 474 – Two. Heroes of Cathay, Luella Miner .. 463 -Amoy………………….. . 475 -Two Wilderness Voyagers, F. W. – Anti-Missionary Proclamation in….. . 74 Calkins …….. '. . . .. ………… 63 – Bible Commentary Needed for……. . 315 – Under Our Flag, A. M. Guernsey. . . .. 701 – – Distribution in…………….. . 954 – West Africa and Chrietianity, M. C. – Canton, Converts in……………. . 475 Hayford. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 860 -Census of……………………. . 153 – Winter India, Eliza R. Skidmore.'…. 624 – Children's Games in……………. . 155 – With Arab in Tent and Town, A. – Christian Endeavor in………….. . 74 Forder………. , ………….. ' 463 – – Literature for (b), Griffith John… . 448 – Wm. Butler, by his Daughter……. ' 62~ – Conversions in……………….. . 713 – World-Wide Christian Endeavor. . ; 84 – Cost of Learning in……………. . 155 – Young People and Missions.. . . . . . 304 – . Demand for Bibles in ……….. 234, 715 Boon Boon Itt of Siam. . . . . . . . . . . . . 713 – Devils Gathered in……………. . 633 BORNEO, A Journey into (a),B.F. West 82 – Disquieting Rumors From, Editorial. . 380 – Journey into North (b), J. R. Denyes – Dr. Martin on…………… . 475 and B. F. West………………. 378 – Education in ……………… 155, 233 – Methodism in. , , . , , .. , , , , .. , : …. , 637 – Empire of•…..•••••••••••• , , •…. 393

INDEX

PAGE PAGE China, Expansion in South…… . . 234 Christian Endeavor in Turkey. . . . . . . .. 791 -Fifty Years in.. 154 Christianity, Adaptability of,. Editorial.. 301 – Fuhkien, Growth in…. . 714 Christians, Chinese Namefor ……….. 634 – General Chaffee on Missions in.. . . . . 474 Christmas Days in Missionary History – Hospital at Tsang Chau. . . . . . . . 794 (a), B. M. Brain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 89 – Hunan, Changes in. . . . . . . . . . . . 954 Church Buildings, Increase of………. ' 545 – Importance of Missions to. . . . . 937 – Challenge of God to the (a), A. T.

– Island Mission Converts.. 555 Pierson.. . . . 174 – – – Origin of the.. 388 – Gifts to Missions. 306 – – – Progress.. .. . . . . . . . 795 – Growth in England. 309 – Japanese Educational Invasion of . . . 156 Church Missionary Society.. 948 – Loud Call for Help From. . 714 – – – Advance 707 – Medical Work in Kai Feng Fu. . . . 793 – – – Report. . . . . . . . . . . . 628 – Missionary Problems in (b), William —and Women's Work. . 228 H.Lacy……… 692 – – – W<:>rk for Women… . 389 – Need for More Missionaries in. 475 – of Scotland and Jews. . 150 -New Edict in.. ……………… 233 – Statistic.. 225 – – Interest in Fuh-kien. .. . . 154 – Union in Brooklyn. 385 – – Methods Needed in (a), Timothy Churches and Missions.. . 798 Richards. . . .. ……………. 291 City Missions (New York, London), – Outlook in. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 395 Nee:J of… 626 – Rebellion in South…………….. ' 232 Civilization and the Gospel. ………… ' 239 – Reconstruction in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 873 Cleveland, Grover, and the Negro Question466 – Roman Peril in. . . . . . . . 234 Clovis, Baptism of, BelleM. Brain……. 891 – Romanism in …………………. 155 Coan, Titus, The Story of (b), A. T. Pier- – Secret of Conversions in………… , 872 son………………………. 494 – Saving the Sun in……………….. 715 Comparative Religion, Editorial. . . . .•.. 301 – South, Men Wanted for… . . . . . . . . . .. 714 Conference of Missionary Officers, Editor- – Szchuen, Viceroy…… '" ……..•. 794 ial… . …………………. 220 – The Young Men of (a), D. Willard Lyon105 Conferences, Summer Missionary.. …… 465 – West, A Plea for Aboriginal Tribes in Constantinople, American College for (b), Wm. Knipe ……………… 457 Girls at.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709 – – Light Entering…………… , .. 555 Converted Drunkard in a Converted – What One Mission Did in.. . 234 Saloon (a), J. A. Richards. . . . 203 – Yellow River God of… . . . . 394 Co-operation in Porto Rico.. . .. . . . . . . .. 308 China's Great Need… . . . . . . . . 73 Corsica, Good Tidings From . . . . . . . . . . . . 313- Chinese, Bible in.. . . 73 – More Good News From………. 389 – Boys and Bible Study………….. ' 634 – Protestantism in ……………… , 151 – Brighter Side of Things.. . . . . . . . . . . .. 634 Cost of Foreign Missions ………….. , 160 – Christian Character (b), L. B. Ridgeley 688 – of Gospel vs. Law.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . 305 – – Doctrine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633 – of Missions. . . .. …….•………. 399 – – Martyrs (a), A. D. Reill………. ' 109 – – – in India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 153 – Christians in Chicago. 147 Cuba as a Mission Field.. . .. . . . . . 467 -Folly……. .. …………… 74 – Evangelization of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 946 -Give, How the… . …… 395,954 Cust, R. N……………………… 311 – Jews in Hong Kong……………. 954 Deaconess Work in Cincinnati. . . . . . . . .. 945 – Leper, The Story of a (b), J. S. Adams. 448 DEATHS, T. T. Alexander, of Japan….. 240 ~ Magnate's Letter… .. . . 394 – W. W. Barr. of Philadelphia. 239 – Need of Knowing…… , ….. 154 • – Henry Blodgett, of China……….. , 640 – Peculiarities . . . . . . . . .. ..' 955 – Emanuel Boetticher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 800 – Slave Girl in America (b), Margarita – J. M. Eppstein, of London ……….. 621 Lake… 532 – Sarah F. Gardner, of Calcutta. . . . . 880 –TradeinNewYork……… 225 – Alice G. Gulick, of Spain. . . . . . . . . . . .. 880 – Statesman on Missions. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 954 – 1. W. Hathaway………………. 640 – Woman in America, A… . . . . . . . . 626 – Hugh Price Hughes.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 139 Christian and Church Unity (b), R. E. – Mrs. M. B. Ingalls, of Burma………. 700 McAlpine.. . . . . . . . . . 673 – K. S. MacDonald, of Calcutta. 879 – and Missionary Alliance Gifts. . . 945 – Joseph Parker, of London.. . . . . . . . .. 139 – Endeavor Figures to Date… . …. . 225 – Louise B. Pierson …………….. , 941 – – Giving………………….. 306 – A. Schreiber, of Germany………… 480 -~inChina………………….. 74 – I. T. Tichenor, of Atlanta………… 240 – – in Foreign Lands (a), 'Frances E. – D. C. Rankin, of Nashville. . . . . . . . • .• 160 Clark ……………………… 420 – Friederich Stottc…….•………. 950 – – in Germany ……………….. 949 – M,.,.. Timothy Richard, of China…… 880 –inSpllin………………. , …. 70 – Benjamin Romig, of Germany…….. 640

PAGEJ PA.GE Deaths, Bishop Rothe, of Denmark….. 320 France, Preaching the Gospel in (a), Deputation, Mis~ionary, for Africa.. . 465 Louis Dupin de Sainte Andr …… 578 Devins, J. B., Tour of the Orient……. ' 307 – The Religious State of (a), Louis Difficulties of Missionary Work…….. , 160 Dupin de Sainte Andre……….. , 87 Disciples and Missions. .. . . . . . . . . . . 147 French Methodists and Missions.. . . . . 629 Donations Received .. 61, 141,302,541, – Protestants and Missions. . . . . . . . . 629 700, 783, 862 Friends (British) and Missions… . . . 549 – Acknowledged……………….. , 941 – Church in Cleveland. . . . . . . . . . . 625 Doukhobor Crusaders (b). . . . 51 Fresh Air Fund.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Dowie and the Mormons. . . . . . 866 Furlough, Missionaries on… . . . . . . . 319 Dowie's Mission to New York.. 945 Gardner, Sarah F., Death of.•. . ' ……. 880 Drink Bill, National, Editorial. ….. 620 Gates, C. F., of Robert College…. … .. 70 Du Bois, Abbe, and Missions in India (a), George Junior Republic, Editorial. … . 221 J. P.Jones………….. . 112 German Mission in West Africa……. . 78 Duff, Alexander……… ' 10 – Missions in German Protectorates… 629 Dutch Missions in India…… . 251 – Protectorates. Missions in……. . 150 East India Company and Missions. . . . . .. 940 – Work in East Africa………… . 78 Ecuador, Civil Marriage in. . . . . . . . . . . .. 309 Germans and Missions in Micronesia. .. 478 – The Gospel in……… ' ……….. 468 Germany's Contributions to Missions…. 551 Educating Moslems, Difficulties of (a), Ghonds, The, An Interesting People (a), Geo. C. White. . . . . . . . . 606 Geo. K. Gilder.. … . . . . . . . . . . 16 Education in China. . . . . 233 Gift, Robt. Davies', for Missions.. . . . . . .. 549 Educational Work in Turkey. . 869 Gifts of Christian Endeavorers. . . . . . . . .. 306 Egede, Hans.. . ……… ……. . 103 – Some Churches', to Missions.225, 306,902 Egypt, Awakening in Asyut College…… 795 – Perils of Great, Editorial……….. 459 – Good News From………………. 634 Gilman, Daniel Coit.. . . . . . .. . …….. 466 Egyptian Mission Branching Out …….. 316 Gilmour, James ………………. 103, 141 Endowments for Missionary Colleges….. 480 – – of Mongolia (a), A. T. Pierson…. " 81 England's Purity Crusade………….. 310 Give, How the Chinese…………. ,395, 954 – Rural Districts………………… 227 Giving, Two Ways of.. ……………. 958 English and American Christians.. . . . . .. 798 – Church Growth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 309 Gold Coast, A Mission Needed on the.. . .. 77 – Presbyterian Missions.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 759 Gordon, 4i Chinese" . . . . . . . . . . . 418 Episcopal Sunday Schools and Missions .. – College, Khartum …………….. , 875 386, 705 Gassner's Mission to the Kohls, India … , 713 Eppstein, J. M., Death of.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 621 Gould Home and School in Rome……. ' 470 Great Thoughts from Master Missionaries Eskimo, The Bible in ……………… 148 (a), Belle M. Brain.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 522 Ethiopian Church in South Africa. 477 Greed vs. Missionary Zeal, Editorial…. 541 Greenland, The Bible for Eskimos of. .. 148 – Movement in South Africa.. . . . . . . . .. 396 Evangelization Society, An, Editorial. .. 621 Evolution, The Theory of (b), Editorial. . 56 Guinness Training Home. . . . . . . . . . 788 Failure, Are Missions a ……………. , 632 Gulick, Alice Gordon, Death of.. ……. , 880 Federation in Japan. . . . . . . . . 76 Haiti, Christian Missions in (a), ,James – of Churches, National. . . … . . . . . . . .. 66 T. Holly…………………… , 645 Feeding the Five Thousand (a), J. K. Hale, Edward E., on Missions………. , 639 Wilson and David McConaughy ..903,905 Hall, Charles Cuthbert, in India (b), Fiji, Bible Burning in……………… 478 – Groves in …………………… , 878 Robt. E. Hume……………… , 371 Filipinos (Philippines), Number of the… 958 Finney's Autobiography Translated into Hamlin, Cyrus. . .. …………. 103 Tamil. …………………….. 151 Hannington's Christmas Dinner……… 895 Finnish Missionary Sooiety………… , 470 Hare, Bishop, Honor to.. . . . . . . . . . 308 Harpoot College, New President of. . . . .. 391 Hartford School of Religious Pedagogy… 785 Finns and Missions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 868 Hartzell, Bishop, on African Missions, Fiske, Fidelia…………………… 103 Editoria!. .. ……………….. 300 Foreign Missions and the Horne Minis- Harvard and Yale Missions…………. 386 try (b), R. J. Campbell…………. 534 Hausaland, Shall the Gospel Enter. . . . .. 635 Foreigners in America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 145 – Traveling in ………………….. 6~i'i Formosa, Christmas with the Head Hausas, Love Among the. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 557 Hunters of.. ………………… 894 Hawaii, Missionary Blood in………… 546 – Japan in…………………….. 395 -Still in Need… ' ……………… 636 – Preshyterians in. " ……. . …… 874 hawaiian Islands, Christianity and the FRANCE and the Vatican, Editorial …. 541 (a). D. L. Leonard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 490 – Anti-Clerical Campaign in……… " 409 Haystack Prayer Meeting, Result of the. 622 – Automobile Mission in. . . . . • • • . . . . .. 229 Health Economics, Missionary (a), C. C.

– The McAll Mission in (a), Louise S. Thayer…… . .. .. . . .. 128 Houghton………….. , • • . • • • .. 567 Hebrew Christian Conference (Jew.). . .. 400

INDEX

PAGE PAGE Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel, Indi.., Interesting Institutions of (a), J. E. Mathieson…….. 59 C. B. Ward ………………… 177 – Zionist's Scheme……………… , 789 – Islam in (a), James Monro……….. 321 Hindu Denunciation of Hinduism (India) 553 – Jinrickshaws in……………….. 314 -Fairs…………………….. 153 – Leper Mission in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 953 – Ideas of SallCtity………………. 633 -Madras Decennial Conference (a), – Missionary from India…………. , 67 G. H. House………………… 256 –toAfrica………………….. 159 – Missionary Conference (h), J. T.Gracey 206 – Recommends the Bible.. . . . . . . . . . . 72 – Marathi Mission Report.. . . . . . . . 713 – Tract on Missions, Alfred Smith. . . . 689 – Moslems and the Water Supply…… , 712 – Urging Bible Study.. .. … 712 – Mrs. Lee's Work in Calcutta.. . . . 178 -Women,aTreatfor…. 392 – Mrs. Norton's Work at Dhond…….. 180 Hindus Afraid of the Bible.. 314 – New Industrial Mission………….. 392 – Caste System (a), W. E. Hopkins .. 828 – Noteworthy Facts About (a), Wilbur – Seeking to Reach Educated (a), G. S. B. Stover.. – ………………. 118 Eddy……………… . 922 – Observations in (a), Chas. Cuthbert Hinduism Declining.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 553 Hall…………… , ………… 373 Hints to Young Missionaries (a), H. H. – Of To-day (b), C. A. R. Janvier……. 137 Jessup ……………. . 811 – Pariahs and the Gospel.. . . . . . . . . . . .. 315 Hogg, Quintin, and London Polytechnic – Plague in West.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. …. 71 (a), A. T. Pierson. . . . . . . . . . . .. 733 – Presbyterian Alliance.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 393 Home Field, Our Own Missionaries for the 865 – Protestant Christians in………… , 376 – Missionary Problem. . . 146 – Progress in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 952 – – Trainin!l; in the (a). Belle M. Brain .. 586 – Ramabai's Schools in, Editorial. . . . .. 221 – Missions. Presbyierian. 226 – Religious Statistics of (b), Editorial. .. 22 – – Zealfor. ………. 638 – Satnamis. The (b), Geo. K. Gilder. . .. 20 – Service of Foreign Missionaries. . . 319 – School for Missionaries' Children.. . .. 792 – Zeal for Missions at. 399 – Sending Christians to Africa. . . . . . . .. 635 Hughes, Hugh Price… 139 – Sir Andrew Wingate 01' ………. . 552 Humanity, What Missions Haye Done for 320 – The Christian Occupation of (a), H.

Hungarian Jews Turning to Christ.. . 390 P. Beach………………… 247 Hungary. Jewish Converts in. 631 – The Plague in.. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 631 Immigration Peril. . . . . . . . . . . 305 – The Prize of the East (b), J. T. Gracey. 123 INDIA (Burma, Hindu). Abbe Du – Twenty Years Ago and Now, EzekiElI Bois and Missions in (a). J. P. Jones 112 C. Scudder ……………….. .'. 931 – Achievements in. , ……… . 871 – United Presbyterian Misaion. . . . . . . .. 793 – A Compari80n Between Ancient Rome – Women of (a). Mrs. J. T. Gracey…… 342 and Modern (a). J. Murray Mitchell.. 34 – Who are the Christians in.. . . . . . . . . .. 792 – A George Junior Republic in. 72 – White Slave Traffic in.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 152 – A Parish in……… . 474 -Women of, A Treat for………….. 392 – A Revival in (a). John McLaurin.. 583 – Woman's Work in….. ' ………… 633 -AVilIagein….. . 72 – Woman'sDressin……………… 632 – Alarm of Hindus in ……… . 315 – Y. M. C. A. Club House, Calcutta. . . .. 232 – Appeal for Nine Thousand Mission- India's Christians, Industrial Training aries (b)…… . . . . 261 for (a), J. C. Lawson…………… 758 – Bible in.. . .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . 151 – Need……………………….. 712 – Blessing in Rajputana. .. . 472 – Women Rising………………… 552 – Bli~l.(! Children in.. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . .. 959 Indian Conference at Mohor.k, Editorial.. 938 – Boon to Miasionaries in.. . . . . . . . 792 Indian, Outlook for the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 65 – British Rule in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 – Presbyterian Churches, Statistics of… 858 – Castes in…………….. ' ….871. 953 – Sioux I Conference.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 94H – Caste in.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. …. 953 – Tribute to Two Missionaries………. 872 – Charles Cuthbert Hall in (b), Robt. Indians, Canadian Presbyterian Missions E.Hume.. . ………… 371 to……………….. , ., …… 787 – Child Marriage Decadent in……… , 152 – Col. Pratt's Work for the………… 467 – Converts in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 73 Indian's Dream.. " ……………… , 547 – – Motives in………………… , 392 Individualism, an Example of, Editorial.. 300 – Cost of Missions in.. . . . . . . . . . 153 INDUSTRIAL MISSION in India, A – Density of Population in………… 232 New………………………. 392 – Garhwal Province (a), Joseph H. Gill .. 443 – – in Peru.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 867 – Gonds. The (a), Geo. K. Gilder …… , 16 – – in Syria…………………… 472 – Growth of One Mission in.. . . 474 – – Needed in New Guinea… . . . . 638 – – tte Kingdom in. . . . . . 713 Industrial Missions, Editorial. ………. 696 – Hindrances in. 871 – – Aid Society…………….. 388, 545 – Industrial Missions in (a), J. T.Gracey. 367 – – in India (a), J. T. Gracey……… 367 —Neededin………………… 782 – – New Phase of. … , .. • .. • .. . • • … 788

PAGE PA.GE Industria) Missions Wanted.. . . . 632 Jewish Converts jn Hungary.. , 631 – Training (b), Corinne Shattuck.. 686 – Missions, a Correction . . 61 – – For India's Christians (a), J. C. – – and the Universities… . 388 Lawson……….. 758 – – of Church of Scotland.. 150 Ingalls, Mrs., of Burma, Editorial. 700 – Rabbi, Converted Cb), J. M. Eppstein. 609 Insane in Syria, Workforthe(b)…. 217 JEWS (Hebrew) and African Colony…. 799 Interest, How to, Individuals in Mis- – and Blood Accusation. . . 939 sions (a), Belle M. Brain… . . 100 – Barbican Mission to the. 628 – in Missions, Automatic.. . " . . 958 – Chinese, in Hong Kong. . 954 – in Missions Increasing. . . 625 – Conference of Workers Among… 69 IntemationaI Missionary Union lIeeting – David Baron's Mission to (b), Editorial 58 (a), J. T. Gracey… . . 601 – Encouragements to Missionary Work – Service of Missions (a), Jas. S. Dennis.. 721 Among the Ca), Louis Meyer. . . 899 ISLAM (Mohammedan) and Woman. 480 – Exterminating the, Editorial. 939 – Awakening, Is….. 872 – in Australia. . . . . . . 399 – in India (a), James Monro. 321 – in Hungary TUrning to Christ. 390 – in Persia, S. L. Ward. 363 – in Palestine.. .. . . .. . 552 – Signs of the Times in (a), H. O. – in Roumania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950 Dwight……….. 844 – Massacre of, in Russia. .. . .. 470 – The Strength and Wenkness of (b), – Mildnmy Mission to the… . . . . 229 A. J. Brown.. . . 756 – Russian, and Bible. . . . . . . 70 Islam's Allies, Editorial.. ………….. 859 – – Seeking Light. . . . . . . . . . . 951 Islands of the Pacific (Fiii, Hawaii, – Statistics of Missions to.. . 79 Melanesia, Micronesia, New Guinea, – Work for the………….. ' 69 etc.), American Board in the. 238 Judson, Adoniram. . . . . . . . . . . . 102 I ta!ian Missions, Hopeful Signs in. . . . 629 KeUer, Helen, to Blind Children in BOlll- ITALY and Romanism… . . . . 630 bay ………………… 959 – Disturbances in, Editorial. . 61 Kongo, Among the Mongos on the (al, – Methodists honor'ld in. . . . . 389 Arthur Bowen.. . . . . . . . . 266 – Protestantism in… .. 151 – Belgians and the, Editorial.. ……… 619 – Religious Outlook in (bl, .r. Gordon – Government and Missionary Work Gray………………………. 296 (a), W. M. Morrison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764 – Roman Catholics and Bibles·in……. 869 – Investigation, Leopold Refuses.. . 876 – The Pope's Semi-Jubilee (b), Alex- – Misgovernment, What Shall Be Done, ander Robertson…………….. ' 377 Editorial. . 781 Jaeger, John, and Living Waters Mission – Missions on the… . .. , ….. . 557 (a), J. A. Richards…………… ' 203 – State, Belgian Inhumanity in the (b), .Jamaica, Cyclone in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 947 H. Grattan Guinne.s . 530 JAPAN, Christian Progress in…… 716, 873 – – Inhumanity in the …………… 557 – – Union in…. .. .. . .. .. .. .. …. 76 – Twenty Years Ago and Now (al, W.

– Col. Buck on Missionaries in.. . . . . . . .. 316 H. Leslie ……………. ' ….. " 675 – Denominations in . …………….. 874 KOREA, a Hopeful Field. 75 – Evil Omens in. .. .. . . . . . . .. .. 556 – America Making Idols for.. . ….. 476 – in Formosa… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 – A Training Class in. . 235 – Osaka Exhibition. . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 – A Wonderful Station in… . . . . 315 – Progress in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 156 – Christian Work in. . . . . . . . . . . 873 – Remarkable Conversion in……….. 716 – Results in……………………. 873 – Social Evil in…………………. 874 Korean Christians, A Specimen of. . 395 -Twenty Years Ago and Now in (b), – Missions, Statistics of.. . . . . . . . 687 J. T. Gulick………. " .. . 521 Korea's Demand for Missionaries.. . 75 – Wants Student Volunteers……….. 157 Krapf, Ludwig. . . . . . . . . ……… 102 – Wide Awake Workers in.. . . 395 Labrador, Among the Vikings of Cal, W.

.Japanese Christian, lIonor to a.. . . . . . . .. 235 T. Grenfell.. ………… . 481 – in America.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 786 Lake George Missionary Conference.. . . .. 785 – in California.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 308 Laos and Siam, Self Support in (al, A. J.

– Invasion of China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 156 Brown…………. ' .. ' ….. 273, 358 – Names" Meaning of. .. …………. 156 Leper Mission in India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 953 – Testimonies tn Christianity. . . . . . . . 795 Leper, The Story of a Chinese Cb), J. S. – View of Religion (b), R. B. Perry ….. 661 Adams……………………… 448 Jeru.salem, Medical Work in ………… 791 Lepers of Surinam, Among the Ca), H. T.

– Rabbi Converted in (b), J.M.Eppstein. 609 Weiss……………….. '. . . .. 409 – Zionism in… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 870 Lewanika of Barotsiland, Editorial…… 539 Jesuit Banishment… . . . .. . ………. 708 Lewanika's Return …….. ……… . 476 Jewish Conversions in the XIX Century.. 80 Liberia, The Black Man in Inland Cal, – Couverts in the Nineteenth Century. 959 W. L. Walker……………….. , 886

INDEX

PAGE PAGE Library, Foreign Missionary (a), Belle M. Methodist Missionary Zeal. …. 146 Brain … 189 – Mission in Rome. . . . . . . . . . . . 230 Living Link in Missions . … 307 – Women, Contributions of.. . . . 146 Livingstone, David .. .. 102, 416 Methodists' Seventy Year's Growth.. 865 Living Waters Mission, N. Y. (a), .J. A. Mexican ]fissions. . 387 Richard …. 20a MEXICO Twenty Years Ago and Now London City Missions, Editorial.. 302 (b), Levi B. Salmans. 592 – .Jews' Society. 388 – What $100 Did in. 627 – Missionary Society Debt Extinguished 550 Micronesia, Germans and Missions in.. 478 – Polytechnic, Quintin Hogg, and the Mildmay Mission to the Jews… 229 (a), A. T. Pierson. 733 Miracle, The Missionary (b), J. K. Wilson. 903 – Slums, Rescue Work in (a), Thomas Ministry, The, and Missions (b), R. .J.

Paul. 169 Campbell.. . .. 534 – St. Giles Mission .. 706 :Missionaries, Great,Turning Points in the – Wingate Mission, EditoriaL .. . 302 Careers of (a), Belle M. Brain. 100 London's Charities and Missions .. 227 – The Crying Need of.. . . 469 lLos Von Rom" Movement … . 708 Missionary Association. 867 Lovedale (A !rica) , An Awakening at…. 79 – Economics (a), C. C. Thayer. . . . 516 MACEDONIA, Cause of the Trouble in – Heroes (a), BellelL Brain… 805 (a), J. H. House. 775 – Meetings.. . 239 – MisRionaries in .. 869 – – Advent. . 65 – The Revolution in.. 709 – – Bible in (a), Belle M. Brain.. . 280 Macedonian Caldron (a), H .0. Dwight.. 329 – – Prayer in the (a), Belle M. Brain… 350 – Situation… 471 – – Music in the (a), Belle M. Brain …. 431 MacDonald, K. S., Death of. . . . . . 879 – Substitute Company.. 67 Mackay, Alexander. 101 – The Young (a), F. S. Dobbins. 288 MacLaren, Alexander, Editorial.. . 783 – World Tour·. 867 Madras, Decennial Conference (a), G. H. Missions, A Friend of, Editorial. . . . . . 540 House.. 256 – The Soul of, Editorial. . . . . . 139 – Missionary Conference (b), J. T. Gracey206 Mite Boxes. 320 Madagascar, A Martyr's Prayer in. . 159 Mohammedan (Islam, Moslems) Maga- – French View of.. . 558 zine… . 319 – Light Breaking in.. 317 Moha'llmedanism vs. Christianity.. . 319 Malay Bible.. . . 876 Mohammedans, Missions to the (a), A.

Malaysia (Borneo, Nias, Philippine.). 82 Amirchanianz…. . 851 MANCHURIA ancl Russia. 474 – Turning to Christ.. .. .. 792 – Bible in.. . . . . . . . 715 Mohonk Indian Conference. . . 938 – Religious Situation in.. 554 Money Problem in Missionary Work (a), Manila (Philippines), Gospel in.. 318 Belle M. Brain.. .. 768 Manual Training and Character-Building. 941 – Vainly Spent, Editorial. . . . . . . 141 Maoris, Claims of the (b), F. A. Bennett.. 694 -WhatMore,WouldDo…….. 226 Mass Movements Approved… 472 Mongolia, James Gilmour of (a), Arthur Master's Method (a), David McConaugley 905 T. Pierson……… 18 Marriage in Ecuador.. . 309 Monro, James, on Biblical Criticism.. 698 Marsden, Samuel. 102 Moravian Financial Difficulties… . . . 550 Martyn, Henry… 102 – Missionary Training School. . 230 Martyrs in God's Plan of Redemption – Missions. .150, 789 (a), Arthur T. Pierson .. 416 – – Editorial. . . . . . . . 381 – Some Chinese Christian (a), A. D. MORMON Town, Observations in a (b), Reill … 109 S. F. Moore. . 20') McAU Mission in France (a), Louis Sey- Mormonism and Polygamy, Editorial. " 222 mour Houghton. 567 – The Menace of (b),….. 211 MEDICAL lfISSION in China, One. 234 Mormons, Difficulties of Work Among – Missionary Association.. 310 the (b), J. D. Nutting… . 855 – Missions, Growth in.. 310 – Expelled from Germany.. 470 – – Increase of. . . . 228 Morrison, Robert. 103 –inPersia…. . …. 631, 791 – – The Archbishops and.. . 311 MOROCCO, Conditions in. 635 – Work in K'ai-feng-fu… . . 793 – Love Medicine for Women of.. 1.07 –oftheC.M.S….. 788 – Missions in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 157 Meeting, Missionary, How to Kill a. 878 – Missionaries. . . . . . . ………… 875 Melanesia, .John Coleridge Pattison, of – The Outbreak in (a), Geo. C. Reed …. 124 (a), A. T. Pierson. . 337 Moslems (Islam) and Mi.sionaries in Melanesian.Mission Steamer. . . . . 720 Africa, Editorial.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 461 Methodist Growth in the Foreign Field… 625 – – WaterSuppy………………. 712

PAGE PAGE Moslems, Difficulties of Educating (a), Patteson, John Coleridge. of Melanesia Ge,? E. White.. ' 606 (a), A, T. Pierson. . . . . . . . . . …. … 37 – Encouraging Signs Among.. . . . 473 PERSIA. Islam in (a), S. Lawrence Ward 363 – Methods of Work Among, E. M. -Massacrein Yazd………………. 711 Wherry. 52 – Medical Missions in. .. . . . . " 631,791 Mountaineers, Salvation Army Among Peru, First Fruits in.. .. .' 866 the Kentucky. 866 – Industrial Mission in.. . . . . . 867 Mystics, Indebtedness of Missions to (a), PHILIPPINES, A New Testament in the 560 A. T. Pierson.. . . . . 881 – America in the. . 398 Mwanga of Uganda', Editorial… . .. .539 – Bishop Brent in tbe.. . . . 876 MOller Orphanages, Bristol.. . . . . . . . . 789 – Drawbacks in the… . . . . 238 Murray, Andrew, and the Key to the – Expectations in the. 159 Missionary Problem (a), A. T. Pier- – Gospel Progress in the. . . 720 son. . 561 – Opium Bill in the.. . . . . . 877 Music in the Missionary Meeting (a), – Pioneering in the.. . 637 BelleM. Brain… 431 – Presbyterians in the. . 798 National Affairs and Missions. 602 – Protestant Work in the. . . . . . 936 Need of More Missions. 560 – Rome in the. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 Negro Question, Grover Cleveland on the. 466 – Self-support in the.. . . . .. ………. 560 – Missionaries in Africa., . 946 – Soap and the Gospel in the.. 719 Nestorian Entrance into India. . . 248 – The Situation in the. . 317 Pierson Missionary Family.. . 385 NEW GUINEA. Chalmer's Memorial. 877 Pierson, Louise B., Death of. .941,959 – Good News From…. . 559 – How Hair Is Dressed in. . . 399 Plague in India.. 631 – Industrial Mission Needed in.. 638 – in West India.. 71 – Methodists in.. . . 479 Politics and Missions in Turkey. 145 – Progress in . …. 877 Pope and Methodists. . . 230 – Redemption for.. . . ……… . 237 – and Protestantism.. 69 New Hebrides, A Notable Christmas in – Leo XIII., Death of, Editorial.. 696 the……….. . 898 Pope's Jubilee Celebration, Editorial.. .. 380 – Arithmetic in the. 958 – The, Semi-Jubilee, Alexander Hobert- – Christian Villages in the ………. . 559 son.. . . 377 – Letter From Dr. Paton………. . 878 Porto Rico, Co-operation in… . . . . . . . . .. 308 – Report From the…………… . 601 Portugal, Protestantism in.. . 389 New Testament, The Story of a .. . 560 Postal Mission, England. . 706 New York Slave' Trade…….. . 225 Postmaster, What the, Did Not Know – St. Bartholomew's Parish House….. . 68 (b), L. B. Ridgely… . 688 New Zealand, Claims of the Maoris (b), Poverty not Plethora.. . 560 F. A. Bennett.. 694 Practical Work for Missionary Societies – National Church… 479 (a), Belle M. Brain .. 679 Nigeria, An Opportunity in… 477 Prayer in the Missionary Meeting (a), Nias, The Gospel in… 720 Belle M. Brain….. 350 North Africa Mission .. 76 – for Missions, Week of. …………. . 65 Oberlin Martyr Memorial.. .. 546 – The Privilege and Power of (a), A.

Officers' Missionary Conference, Editorial 220 T, Pierson.. 1 Opium Bill in the Philippines… 877 Presbyterian Home Missions……….. . 226 -Curseo£.. …… . 394 Problem, The Key to the Missionary (a), – Traffic, War on the, E iitorinl … 620 A. T. Pierson.. 561 Opportunity, A Great, in South Africa Progress in India, A Century of. 253 (a), C. T. Wood.. 838 Psalm, A Missionary, Editorial. . . 56 Oriental Mission Serr.i lary . 946 Pulpit Power, Editorial.. 536 Purity Crusade i~ England. 310 . Outgoing Missionaries .. . 67, 705 Pacific, Mastery of the, J. T. Gracey.. 48 Qualifications, Needful, Editorial.. . 541 – South, Tidal Wave in the. 237 Quarrier's Homes in Scotland (a), Far- Palestine and the Zionists. 799 rand B. Pierson.. . …….. . 161 – Cholera in… 231 Questions Answered .. 227 – Jews in.. . . . . 552 Quotations from Great Missionaries (a), Panama Republic. . . . . 947 Belle M. Brain… 522 Paris, Belleville Mission, Editorial. . 699 Hailroad, Trans-Continental American, – Missionary Society. . . . 949 Editorial. . . . . . . . . . . .. 862 – – – Report. 150 Ramabai,A Hindu Paper on.. . . . . . . . . .. 553 – Society's I~oss… 789 – Help Nee,led for… . . . . . ……. " 711 Peking, lrifi,uilding in. ……….. 715 Ramabai's Schools in India, Editorial.. .. 221 Packer, Joseph, Editorial. . . . . . . . . . 139 -Workinlndia ………………… 179 Paton, John G.. , .. , . , , ………….. , 104 – – in India…. , ….. , …•. , …….. 793

INDEX

PAGE PAGE Rankin, D. C., Death of.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 160 Self-8upport in the Philippines.. • . . . . • .. 560 Rankin, Melinda… . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 – in Siam and Laos (a), A. J. Brown.273, 358 Rawei, Wherahiko, Editorial. . . . . . . . 619 Servia, Conditions in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 791 Reed, Mary, Christmas with… . 897 Stundists, Russian, Editorial…. . . . . . . .. 699 Regions Beyond Missionary Union… 388 Siam and Laos, Self-Support in (a), A. J.

Rescue Work in London Slums (a), Brown ………….. 273, 358 Thomas Paul.. . . 169 – Shan Uprising in.. " . . . . . . . . . . . . … 73 Siberia, Cleanlin~s Deadly in………. , 391 Richard, Mrs. Timothy, Death of.. . . . . .. 880 Riggs, Henry H., Elected to Harpoot Singapore, Christian Chinese in… . . . . . .. 719 College…………………….. 391 – Languages Spoken at .. : ………… 159 Ripon, Dean of, on Christianity,Editorial 140 Slave Trade in New york…………… 225 Ritualism, John Kensit and, Editorial…. 59 Shan Uprising in Siam……………. . 73 Sleeping Sickness, Cause of. ……….. . 875 Robert College, C. F. Gates of.. . . . . 70 – – Constantinople……..•………. 472 Smyrna, A Calamity in …………… . 71 ROMAN CATHOLIC Book on Missions 639 Social Settlement, Cadbury….. . 468 –CommentonMrs. Gulick's School. 312 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. 707 – – Leakage. . . . . . 788 Society Islands, Tidal Wave in the…… . 237 – – Missions.. . . 480 Song, Christian, Power of. .. . …….. . 152 – – View of Protestant Missions. . 959 Soobonagam Ammal, The Story of. ….. . 895 – Catholics and Bibles in Italy. . 869 SOUTH AMERICA (Brazil, Chili, Ecua- – – and the Bible. . 150 dor, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela) On – – in India… " . . 249 the Roof of… . ………. . 468 – Catholicism, in Austria.. 69 – – Polyglot Saints in…………… . 627 – Peril in China.. . . . 234 – – Strange Tidings From……….. . 387 RomaniBm and Italy. . 630 Spain, Christian Endeavor in .. 70 – in China.. . . . . 155 – Mrs. Gulick's School. .. 312 Rome, Evangelical.. . . 790 – Sale of Indulgences in …………. . 949 – Away from, in Austria. . 69 – Work for Girls in……………… . 868 – Gould Home and School in.. 470 Station "Living-Link," in Missions….. . 307 – in the Philippines.. . 398 STATISTICS of China ………….. . 154 – Methodist Mission in.. . 230 — of Christians in India. . .. 376 Romig, Benjamin, Death of. . 640 – of Foreign Missionary Societies for Rossiter, Dr., Goes to Manila. . 637 1902 (a), D. L. Leonard……… .

Rothe, Bishop, Death of. . 320 – of India, Religious (b), Editorial. … . 22"

Roumania, Jews of . . . . . . . . 950 – of Indian Presbyterian Churches….. . 858 RUSSIA and Manchuria.. 474 – of Korean Missions. 687 – Killing the Jew~ in.. . . . . . 470 – of Missions to Jews. 79 – Reaching Through Austria.. .. 230 – of Missions According to Countries, – Religions of. 390 H. P. Beach.. . . . ……… 219 – Religious Persecution in.. . . . . . . 951 St. Bartholomew's Parish House, N. Y.. 68 – Toleration in. 312 Stock, Eugene, Resignation of, Editorial.. 300 Russian Czar's Edict. 390 Stone, Miss, to Return to Macedonia. . . .. 551 – Jews and the Bible… 70 Storrs' Memorial in China. . . 226 – – Seeking Light. . 951 Street Cars, Advertising the Gdspel in… , 466 –TheBiblefor… 471 Stuart, Bishop, of Persia. .. 313 – Stundists, Editorial.. 699 Student Volunteer Union, (England) …. 548 – Woman Missionary. . 230 – Volunteers.. . . …………. 786 – Zionists, Editorial.. 540 Study, Mission, Class. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Russians in Manchuria. . . 955 Substitute, Missionary, Company… . . . .. 67 Sailors, Work for… 625 Salaries of Missionaries. 314 SUDAN. Christian Schools in….. 396 Saloon, One Way to Fight the. 145 – Difficulties in the……………… , 556 Salvation Army in Europe.. 229 – Eastern, First Baptism in.. . . . . . . . . .. 717 – – in Kentucky. . . . . . . . 866 – Forward Steps in the… . . . . . . . . . . . .. 235 – – Report.. 149 – Gordon College, Khartum. . . . . . . . . .. 875 ~-"University"………….. 468 – Missionaries and Earl Cromer. . . . . . .. 236 Samoa, Old and New… .. . 312 – Religion in the.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 158 Satnamis, The, of India (b), Geo. K. Sumatra, Islam and the Gospel in… . . . .. 19 Gilder…………………. " . . 20 – Islam in… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 79 Schereschewsky, Bishop.. . . . . . . . .. 476 – Toba Lake Mission iJ!. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 79 Schools in Eastern Sudan. 396 Sunday-8chools, Gifts of, to Episcopal Schreiber, Aug., Death of. . 480 MiBsions. . . . ………. 386, 705 Sch,'artz as a Missionary.. .400 Surinam, A Hindu Coolie in…….. , … , 627 Scotland, Church of, Missions.. 707 – Among the Lepers of (a), H. T. Weiss… 409 .Scudder, John……………………… 102 – A. Noble Work in, Editoria!. … , . " 460

PAGk; PAGE SYRIA, A Word From (b), H.B. Jessup. 605 VENEZUELA and Its Needs (al, T S.

– Christian Sects in.. . . . . 31:3 Pond … 401 – Industrial Mission in.. . 472 – Distress in………. , .. , , .. , . , .. 227 – Misskns in Palestine and.. 710 – The Land and the People Cal, Wm.

– Progress in. . 01.5 F. Hutchison…. 132 – Remarkable Work in Aleppo.. 711 Verbeck, Guido F., Life and Work of (a), – Work Among the Insane in (b) 217 Eugene S. Booth… 653 Syrian Mission, Fruit of the.. .. 391 Volunteers of America, Growth of the. " 786 Taylor, J. Hudson, Returns from the – Prison Work, ….. 386 China Inland Mission. 628 — Wanted, Missionary,.,. 385 Te:11.ple, Sir Richard, on, ltlissions. Edi- 'Vanderers' Home, Bristol, England .. 68 torial ………. . 140 Warzawiak, Herman….. 467 Testimonies of Great Statesmen to For- Washington, BQoker T., and the Negroes. 466 eignMissions Ca), BelleM. Brain … 24 Water Street Mission, New York, Editor- – of Japanese to Christianity 795 ial. 141 Testimony of Dr. E.E. Hale… 639 Week of Prayer for Mi8Rions. 305 TIBET, A Peep into. . .. , 872 Wesley, John, and His Mi"icn (a), A. T.

– New Mission to… 393 Pierson.. 641 – Outlook in … 554 – – Ideas from.. . 621 – un the Frontiers of tal, .Jas. Johnston. 2«2 Wesleyans, English, and Mi.sions….. ,. 948 Tichenor, 1. T., Death of. 240 – Income. . . ……….. ' 549 Tidal Wave in the Society Islands.. 23 West Indies (Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Trin- Tidings from Many Fields Cal. J. T. idad), Baptists in the.. .. . . .. . . . 706 Gracey.. .. . . . . . . 601 – – The First Mission in the.. . . . . . 148 Tobacco as Currency. 638 "White Slave'Traffie.,….. 149 Toronto Bible.Training School. 546 – – – in India.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 T >frey, R. A., in London, Editorial. 220 Whitman, Marcus, A Correction.. . . 60 Training,'" Missionary, in the Home (a) Who's Who in Missions (a), Belle M. Brain 805 BelleM.Brain.. 586 Wichita Church and Missions. . . . . '465 – School, Bible anrl Missionary.. 386 Williams, John.. . . . 102 Transvaal, Peace in the. .. 397 – – of Eromanga. . 418 – Rcconstruction in the.. 718 Wingate, Sir Andrew in India……… " 552 Trinidad Mission.. . . . . . . 387 Woman's Work for Missions… . . . . . . . 602 Tugwell, Bishop, Returns to Africa. 228 – – in India. . . . . . . . . . . . 633 TURKEY (Armenia), American Gift to. 472 Women of India (a), Mrs. J. T. Urw' . 342 – American Colleges in. . 951 – – – Progress of the….. , . . . 392 – American Schools in. . 869 Women of Morocco.. . ………. , 157 – An American College in.. 70 Women's Dress in India…. . . 632 – Christian Endeavor in.. 791 World's Student Christian Federation.. ,. 319 – God's Forward Movement in (a), Yale and Harvard MiSRions.. 386 Emily C. Wheeler. 741 Year of Peace, The, (a) A. T. Pierson.. 801 – Missionaries in.. 860 Y. M. C. A. and the Saloon.. 145 – Missions in, Threatened … 709 – Chicago.. . 306 – Politics and Mis~ions in .. 145 – Growth of American.. 66 Turkish Bible Translators … . 709 – in Alaska… 147. 308 – Censorship of the Press… . . .231,869 – in Calcutta. . . . 232 – Problem, The, Editorial. .. . 781 – in South Africa. 557 Turks, Blood SherI by the .. 5.'>1 – Railroad.. . . . 785 Tuskegee Institute. .146,786,246 – World-Wide.. 225 Uganrla Cathedral. 78 Young Men of China (a), D. Willard Lyon 105 – MiRsion. Wonderful Progref-'.sof the.,. 797 – – of Non-Christian Lands (a), F. W.

– ?tfwanga. ex-King of, Editorial. 539 Anderson.. . . 196 — Native Clergy. 957 – People's Conference at Lake George … 785.

– Then and Now. 558 Zanzibar Slave Market Redeemed. . . . 8112 United Brethren in Christ, Recruits.. 987 Zenana Bible and Medical Mission … 550, 868 – – – – Work of.. . 865 Zionism in Jerusalem.. 870 – Free Church of Scotland Industrial Zionists, Russian, Editorial…….. , , . 540 Mission.. . . 788 – to Buy Land in Palestine……… " 799 – Presbyterian Appeal.. . 705 Zionists' Project in Palestine… 789 – – Mission, Egypt. .• . . 316 Zulu Christian Industrial School… . 719 – – Missionary Semi-Centennial. 387 – – – – South Africa (a),. . 212 – Presbyterians and Missions. . . . 865 – Church at Dur·ban….. : . 158 United States (A merica) ,Foreigners in' h" 145 – Girls' Pets. . . . . . . . . . . . 796 Unity, Christian and Church (b), Hobt. « Zululand, Through, on a Bicycle (a), • Fred S. Bunker,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. McAlpine. . . . . . . . . . 673